A PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF THE OPUNTIOIDEAEOF NORTH AMERICABy N. L. BRITTON and J. N. ROSEIn 1904 the writers began a joint study of the Cactaceae of NorthAmerica. As early as 1897, however, Dr. Rose had begun to sendliving specimens to Washington. Through the kindness of Dr. B. T.Galloway, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, and Mr. Frede-rick V. Coville, Botanist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, ar-rangements were made to properly care for this collection. It hasgrown until it now comprises about 5,000 individual plants, fillingthe greater part of a greenhouse 25 by 100 feet. Some 500 plantshave died and these have been preserved as skeleton specimens inthe U. S. National Museum. Dr. Britton, on the other hand, uponthe organization of the New York Botanical Garden, began also tomake a collection of living Cacti. He has now accumulated a largestudy series and a most attractive exhibition series. The latteris especially fine on account of the number of large species, not afew of which are new to our American collections. These two col-lections are very rich in species of Opuntia and allied genera, and itseems desirable to present a preliminary treatment of the group atthis time. The species here enumerated are those of which we haveactually examined living plants or specimens, or which from ourstudy of descriptions and illustrations there seems every reason tobelieve should be recognized. Our collections indicate several newspecies, only a part of which are here described. The type species isCactus opuntia L.We have accepted, in general, the several series of Opuntia asrecognized by the late Professor Schumann, but with considerablemodification and with several transpositions of species.We recognize three genera, belonging to the subfamily Opun-tioideae in North America, including Central America and the WestIndies. The species of Opuntia and Nopalea are listed below, whilethose of Pereskiopsis will be found on pages 331-333 of this volume.(503)
504 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOI,. 50LIST OF THE SPECIES OF OPUNTIASeries CLAVATAEThe series appears to be well characterized by the sheathless spines.OPUNTIA BRADTIANA (Coult.) K. Brandeg.Cereus bradtianus Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 406. 1896 (April).Grusonia cereiformis F. Reichb. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177. 1896(August).Opuntia bradtiana K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 121. 1897.Opuntia cereiformis Weber in Bois, Diet. Hort. 897. 1898.Type locality : Plains of Coahuila.Distribution : Coahuila, Mexico.Illustration : Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen fig. 101.OPUNTIA INVICTA Brandeg.Opuntia invicta Brandeg. Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 2: 163. 1889.Type locality : San Juanico, Lower California.Distribution : Lower California.Illustration : Cact. Journ. i : 2.OPUNTIA PULCHELLA Engelm.Opuntia pulchella Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 201. 1863.Type locality : Sandy deserts on Walker River, Nevada.Distribution: Nevada and Arizona.OPUNTIA BULBISPINA Engelm.Opuntia bulbispina Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 304. 1856.Type locality: Saltillo, Mexico.Distribution : New Mexico to Coahuila.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 73. figs. 5, 6.OPUNTIA GRAHAMI Engelm.Opuntia grahami Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 304. 1856.Type locality: Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso,Texas.Distribution: New Mexico and Texas.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. f2.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 505OPUNTIA EMORYI Engelm.Opuntia cmoryi Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 303. 1856.Type locality : Arid soil, El Paso, Texas.Distribution : Western Texas to Arizona and northern Mexico.Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound, pis. /O, 71; Cact. Journ. 1: 154.OPUNTIA SCHOTTII Engelm.Opuntia schottii Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 304. 1856.Type locality: Arid soil near the mouth of the San Pedro andPecos, western Texas.Distribution : Southern Texas and northern Mexico.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 73. figs. 1—3.OPUNTIA SCHOTTII GREGGII Engelm.Opuntia schottii greggii Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 444. 1896.Type locality: San Luis Potosi.Distribution : Only known from type collection.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 75. fig. 4.OPUNTIA CLAVATA Engelm.Opuntia clavata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 95. 1848.Type locality : Albuquerque, New Mexico.Distribution : Nevada and New Mexico.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 22. figs. 1—3; pi. 24. fig. 6; Cact.Mex. Bound, pi. 73. figs. 5, 6.OPUNTIA PARRYI Engelm.Opuntia parryi Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 14:339. 1852.Type locality : Plains of the Mohave River, California.Distribution : Southern California.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 22. figs. 4-7; Cact. Journ. 1 : 132.OPUNTIA KUNZEI Rose, sp. nov.Stem 10 to 15 cm. high, much branched; joints somewhat clavate,light bluish green, 8 to 10 cm. long, strongly tubercled ; spinesnumerous, the longest 4 cm. long, somewhat reddish when young;leaves linear, acute, 8 to 10 mm. long ; Mowers deeply set in the apexof the joint-like ovary, fragant, 2.5 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. broad when
506 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vol. 50fully open ; sepals reddish in bud, ovate, acuminate ; petals pale yel-low; fruit yellowish, 4 to 8 cm. long, oblong to clavate, sometimesproliferous, the areoles large, white, bearing a fringe of white bris-tles ; seeds white, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, the commissure very in-distinct.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 535,063, collected by Dr.R. E. Kunze in Pima County, Arizona, 1904.Perhaps nearest O. grahamii, but with larger and different jointsand different spines.The species is named for Dr. Kunze, a valued correspondent andan enthusiastic cactus collector. He has furnished the followinginteresting data regarding this species
:
I found this plant about forty miles south of the Ajo copper mines, in thesouthwestern part of Pima County, Arizona, and only about 25 to 35 milesnorth of the Mexican boundary. Immense tracts between the smaller arroyosare covered by this species, and for miles my guide led us through stretches ofdesert in the Gunsight Mining District, a waterless region, little knownexcept to prospectors. On the eastern slope of the Gunsight Mountain rangeI collected Cereus thurberi, which species has its northern limit at the Ajocopper mines, Ajo being 60 miles south of Gila Bend, on the Southern PacificRailroad. All the plants of 0. kitnsei were covered with the Coccus cacti tosuch an extent that I was obliged to collect a basketful of such or go withoutany. My former partner, Mr. L. Kunze, had found this Opuntia about thesame time, 20 to 25 miles south of Casa Grande, in Pinal County, and allplants he brought in were completely covered with Coccus. I succeeded incleaning only a few plants for cultivation. Those which I collected I threwinto a pit, covered the mass with a peck of fine unslaked lime, and two weekslater removed a dozen live and clean plants. I will send you shortly a youngplant of O. kunzei with an unopened flower bud. I shall try to preserve oneof the flowers for you in formaldehyde solution of 2 per cent strength, as wellas the fruit.I thought the spines resembled Opuntia grahami, but find it different inshape of fruit as well as in thickness of its rootstock. I compared it with thecut in Cactaceae of Mexican Boundary Report. I have therefore no plant of0. grahami. Series CYLINDRICAEFurther study is necessary to effect a natural grouping of thespecies. We include in this group the three series Cristatae, Hu-miliores, and Deciduae of Professor Schumann, which are clearlynot natural ones, the relative size and number of the tubercles provingto be quite unsatisfactory characters.OPUNTIA TUNICATA (Lehm.) Link & OttoCactus tunicatus Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamburg 6. 1827.Opuntia exuviata DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 118. 1828.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OE NORTH AMERICA S°7Opuntia furiosa Wendl. Cat. Herrenh. 1835.Opuntia tunicate Link & Orro; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 170. 1837.Opuntia hystrix GrisEb. Cat. PL Cub. 117. 1866.Type locality : In Mexico, but at first supposed to have come fromBrazil.distribution : Northern Mexico, in the States of Coahuila and SanLuis Potosi; Cuba, apparently cultivated; Ecuador (see Schumann,Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 156) ; Chili (see Sohrens, op. cit. 10: 6).OPUNTIA PALLIDA Rose, sp. nov.Stems 5 cm. in diameter, about one meter high, with widely spread-ing branches, the whole plant often broader than high; old areolesvery spiny, often bearing 20 spines or more, these often 3 to 4 cm.long with white papery sheaths ; young areoles bearing few spines
;
ovary tubercled, the areoles either naked or bearing a few bristlyspines ; flowers pale rose-colored ; petals 1 5 mm. long.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 451,783, collected by J. N.Rose and Jos. H. Painter near Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico, July 3, 1905(no. 8290). Additional specimens were collected by E. W. Nelsonat the same station, June, 1896 (no. 3879).This species grows interspersed with O. imbricata, but is muchlower in stature and has smaller leaves and lighter-colored flowers.It is much more like O. tunicata, but that species has yellow flowersand is always smaller.Illustration: Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: pi. 17. A.OPUNTIA IMBRICATA (Haw.) DC.Cereus imbricatus Haw. Rev. PI. Succ. 70. 1821.Opuntia imbricata DC. Prod. 3: 471. 1828.Opuntia rosea DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 118. 1828.Opuntia decipiens DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 118. 1828.Opuntia exuviata DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 118. 1828, in part.Opuntia stellata Saem-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 50. 1842.Opuntia cristata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 50. 1842.Type locality : Unknown ; introduced into England by Loddiges in1820.Distribution : Central Mexico.OPUNTIA ARBORESCENS Engelm.Cactus cylindricus James, Cat. 182. 1825, not Haw.Cactus bleo Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 202. 1828, not H. B. K.Opuntia arborcscens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 90. 1848.Type locality : No station given.Distribution : South Central United States and northern 'Mexico.
508 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 50Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 17. figs. 5, 6; pi. 18. fig. 4; pi. 24.iig. 12; Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 73. figs. 16, 17.OPUNTIA THURBERI Engelm.Opuntia thurberi Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.Type locality: Bacuachi, Sonora.Distribution : Sonora.OPUNTIA WHIPPLEI Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia zvhipplei Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 307. 1856.Type locality : About Zuni, New Mexico.Distribution : New Mexico and Arizona.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 24. figs. 9, 10.OPUNTIA SPINOSIOR (Engelm. & Bigel.) TourneyOpuntia zvhipplei spinosior Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 307. 1856.Opuntia spinosior Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 119. 1898.Type locality : South of the Gila River.Distribution : Arizona and northern Mexico.Illustration : Gard. & For. 9 : fig. 1.OPUNTIA SPINOSIOR NEOMEXICANA ToumeyOpuntia spinosior ncomexicana Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 119. 1898.Type locality : None given, but Toumey writes : Tucson plains,between Tucson and the Santa Catalina Mountains [Arizona].Distribution : Southern Arizona.OPUNTIA ACANTHOCARPA Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & BiGEL. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:308. 1856.Type locality : On the mountains of Cactus Pass, about 500 mileswest of Santa Fe.Distribution : Arizona and California ; reported also from Utah,Nevada, and Sonora.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 18. figs. 1-3; pi. 24. fig. 11; N.Am. Fauna 7 : pis. 7, 8.OPUNTIA VERSICOLOR Engelm.Opuntia versicolor Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 452. 1896.Type locality : Tucson, Arizona.Distribution : Arizona and northern Mexico.Illustration : Bull. Torr. Club 32 : pi. p. figs. 4-8.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDKAE OF NORTH AMERICA 509OPUNTIA SERPENTINA Engelm.Opuntia serpentina Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.Cereus californicns Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1 : 555. 1840, not» Opuntia californica Engelm.Type locality : Near the seacoast about San Diego, California.Distribution : Southern California and Lower California.OPUNTIA ECHINOCARPA Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 305. 1856.Type locality: In the Colorado Valley near the mouth of BillWilliams River.Distribution : Utah, Arizona, and California.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 18. figs. 5-10; pi. 24. fig. 8.Professor Coulter recognized the following subspecies
:
OPUNTIA ECHINOCARPA MAJOR Engelm.Opuntia echinocarpa major Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 305. 1856.Opuntia echinocarpa robustior Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 446. 1896.Type locality : In Sonora.Distribution : Arizona, California, and northern Sonora.OPUNTIA ECHINOCARPA PARKERI Coult.Opuntia echinocarpa parkeri Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:446. 1896.Type locality: In San Diego County, California.Distribution : Southern California.OPUNTIA ECHINOCARPA NUDA Coult.Opuntia echinocarpa nuda Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 446. 1896.Type locality : San Gregorio, Lower California.Distribution : Lower California.OPUNTIA STAPELIAE DC.Opuntia stapcliae DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 117. 1828.Type locality : In Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.OPUNTIA DAVISII Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia davisii Engelm. & BiGEL. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:305. 1856.Type locality : Upper Canadian, about Tucumcari Hills, near theLlano Estacado.Distribution : Texas.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 16; Bot. Mag. 108: pi. 6652.
510 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL- 50OPUNTIA CIRIBE Engelm.Opuntia ciribe Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 445. 1896.Type locality: From Comondu and Loreto northward beyondRosario.Distribution: Central Lower California.OPUNTIA TETRACANTHA TourneyOpuntia tetracantha Toumey, Gard. & For. 9:432. 1896.Type locality : Five miles east of Tucson, Arizona.Distribution : Arizona.Illustration : Bull. Torr. Club 32 : pi. 0. fig. 2.OPUNTIA ALCAHES WeberOpuntia alcah.es Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 321. 1895.Type locality: In Lower California.Distribution: Lower California.OPUNTIA BERNARDINA Engelm.Opuntia bernardina Engelm.; Parish, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 92. 1892.Type locality: From the Coast Range to the San BernardinoMountains, California.Distribution: Southern California.OPUNTIA TESAJO Engelm.Opuntia tesajo Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 448. 1896.Type locality: In Lower California.Distribution: Lower California.OPUNTIA PROLIFERA Engelm.Opuntia prolifera Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.Type locality: Arid hills about San Diego, California.Distribution: California and Lower California.OPUNTIA CHOLLA WeberOpuntia cholla Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 231. 1895.Type locality: In Lower California.Distribution: Lower California.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 51
1
OPUNTIA FULGIDA Engelm.Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 306. 1856.Typte locality: Mountains of western Sonora.Distribution: Nevada to Sonora.Illustrations: Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 75. -fig. 18; Bull. Torr. Club32: pi. p. fig. 1. OPUNTIA MAMILLATA SchottOpuntia mamillata Schott; Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.Opuntia fulgida mamillata Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 449. 1896.Type locality : On the Sierra Babuquibari in Sonora.
' Distribution : Arizona and Sonora.OPUNTIA BIGELOVII Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 307. 1856.Type locality : Bill Williams River, Arizona.Distribution : Arizona, California, Sonora, and Lower California.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 19. figs. 1-7.OPUNTIA MOLESTA Brandeg.Opuntia motesta Brandeg. Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 2: 164. 1890.Type locality : San Ignacio, Lower California.Distribution : Lower California.OPUNTIA CALMALLIANA Coult.Opuntia calmalliana Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 453. 1S96.Type locality : Cahnalli, Lower California.Distribution : Lower California.Referred by Mrs. Brandegee in Erythea 5: 122, to the precedingspecies. OPUNTIA CLAVELLINA Engelm.Opuntia clavellina Engelm. ; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3 : 444. 1896.Type locality: Near Mission Purissima, Lower California.Distribution: Only known from type material.Likewise referred by Mrs. Brandegee to O. molesta.
Series MONACANTHAEStems very slender ; spines usually solitary.
512 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 5°OPUNTIA KLEINIAE DC.Opuntia kleiniae DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 118. 1828.Opuntia wrightii Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.Type locality: Mexico.Distribution : Texas to Central Mexico.OPUNTIA LEPTOCAULIS DC.Opuntia leptocaulis DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 118. 1828.Opuntia ramuliftora Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 360. 1834.Opuntia vaginata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 100. 1848, in part.Opuntia frutescens Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 208. 1845.Opuntia virgata Link & Otto ; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 173. 1837.Opuntia gracilis PFEiFF. Enum. Cact. 172. 1837.Type locality : In Mexico.Distribution : South Central United States to southern Mexico.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 20. figs. 1-5; pi. 24. figs. 16-19;Cact. Journ. 1: 154; Bull. Torr. Club 32: pi. 10. fig. p.Two varieties are usually recognized.OPUNTIA RAMOSISSIMA Engelm.Opuntia ramosissima Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 339. 1852.Opuntia tessellata Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:309. 1856.Type locality: In California, "near the Colorado."Distribution: Arizona, California, and Sonora.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 21; pi. 24. fig. 20; Encycl. Am.Hort. 3 : fig. 1549; Cact. Journ. 1 : 2.OPUNTIA ARBUSCULA Engelm.Opuntia arbuscala Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:309. 1856.Type locality : On the lower Gila near Maricopa village.Distribution : Arizona and Sonora.Illustration : Bull. Torr. Club 32 : pi. p. fig. j.Series CRUCIFORMES (Subgenus CONSOLEA)This is a sharply defined and homogeneous group with some claimfor consideration as a genus, as proposed by Lemaire.OPUNTIA SPINOSISSIMA Mill.Opuntia spinosissima Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 8. 1768.Type locality: Jamaica.Distribution : Jamaica.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 5I3OPUNTIA CATACANTHA Link & OttoOpuntia catacantha Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 166. 1837.Type locality : St. Thomas.Distribution : St. Thomas, Culebra, Porto Rico.Illustration: Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: fig. 6.OPUNTIA HAITIENSIS Britton, sp. nov.
? Cactus ferox Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. Suppl. 35. 1813.? Opuntia fcrox Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 82. 1819, not Nutt. 1814.Trunk somewhat flattened above, 3 to 4 meters high, branching atthe top, densely armed with acicular yellowish or gray spines 12cm. long or less, their bases clothed with yellowish white wool 1 to2 cm. long; branches obliquely linear-oblong to obovate, 1 to 3 cm.long, 13 cm. wide or less, about I cm. thick, obtuse, the areolessomewhat elevated, 1 to 1.5 cm. apart, those of young joints bearingnear the edges 3 to 6 acicular spines 1 to 2.5 cm. long, those onthe sides of the young joints spineless or with 1 to 3 spines, and withsmall tufts of grayish wool; older joints bearing at all areoles 5 to 8gray spines similar to those of the trunk, and brown glochides 6 or8 mm. long; flowers about 2.5 cm. broad; sepals as broad as long,or broader, apiculate ; petals yellow to orange, ovate, apiculate,spreading ; stamens much shorter than the petals ; ovary cylindricto obovoid-cylindric, terete or nearly so, 4 to 5 cm. long, its dis-tinctly elevated areoles close together, only 5 or 6 mm. apart, bearingbrown glochides 2 mm. long, but no spines.Gonaives, Haiti, 16 meters altitude, George V. Nash and NormanTaylor, no. 1766, August 16, 1905. Description drawn from livingplants and formalin and herbarium specimens at the New York Bo-tanical Garden.Opuntia fcrox is said by Pfeiffer to be of South American origin.Willdenow's description calls for long wool at the areoles, wmich thisHaitian plant has on those of the stem.OPUNTIA MILLSPAUGHII Britton, sp. nov.Trunk terete, 7 cm. thick at base, 5 cm. thick at top, 60 cm. highor less, branching at the summit, the branches divaricate-ascending,narrowly oblong, much compressed, 40 cm. long or less, 5 to 10 cm.wide, 1 to 1.5 cm. thick, light green; branchlets obliquely lanceolate,obtuse, as wide as the branches, but shorter, 1 cm. thick or less,floriferous at and near the apex ; areoles of the older branches pitted,about 1 cm. apart, those of very young shoots slightly elevated, the
514 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. SOglochides very short, yellow-brown; spines of the trunk 15 cm.long or less, very numerous and densely clothing the trunk, veryslender, gray, mostly strongly reflexed, pungent, those of thebranches and branchlets restricted to the areoles on their edges,shorter than those of the trunk, but similar, those of the fruityellow gray, 2 cm. long or less; flowers cupulate, crimson lake,1 cm. wide; sepals fleshy, ovate, acute, 4 mm. long and wide; petalserect-ascending, obovate, mucronulate, about 4 mm. wide ; stamenshalf as long as the corolla; style about as long as the corolla;stigma oblong, yellowish crimson ; fruit compressed-obovoid, 2 cm.long, 1.5 cm. thick, bearing one or two spines at most of the areoles.Type in N. Y. Botanical Garden, Britton & Millspaugh, no. 5578.On nearly flat and smooth limestone rocks, along road acrossEleuthera Island, at Rock Sound, Bahamas, Britton & Millspaugh5578, February 22, 1907 ; Thatch Cay, Long Island, Bahamas,Britton & Millspaugh 6288.The species is most nearly related to Opuutia nashii Britton, nowknown to be widely distributed in the Bahamas. It differs from thisin its spreading rather than erect or ascending branches, in its verymuch more abundant and formidable armament, in the shape of thejoints, and in the pitted areoles, which are spineless except at andnear the edges of the joints. The roots of this plant spread out fora distance of nearly a meter from the base of the trunk on the flatlimestone surface. We were fortunate in securing excellent livingspecimens and in transporting them, nearly unbroken, to the NewYork Botanical Garden.OPUNTIA NASHII BrittonOpuntia nashii Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3:446. 1905.Type locality : Inagua, Bahamas.Distribution : Bahama Islands.Illustration : Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6 : fig. 5.OPUNTIA RUBESCENS Salm-DyckOpuntia rubesccns Salm-Dyck; DC. Prod. 3: 474. 1828.Type locality : Brazil (?).Distribution: Island of Culebra; Montserrat; South America (?).Culebra and Montserrat plants agree nearly with the description ofthis spineless species, which clearly belongs with the Cruciformes, aspointed out by Berger, rather than with the South American seriesInarmatae, where it was placed by Schumann.0. leucacantha Link & Otto, 0. subfcrox Schott, and O. Icucos-ticta Wendl. are all cited as Mexican, and are not known to us.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE; 01? NORTH AMERICA 5*5Series PUBESCENTESCharacterized by finely pubescent joints and ovaries; but someglabrous species apparently have to be admitted to it.OPUNTIA DECUMBENS Salm-DyckOpuntia decumbens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834.? Opuntia repens Karw. ; Salm-Dyck. loc. cit.Opuntia irrorata Mart. ; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 69. 1850.Type locality: Mexico.Distribution: Southern Mexico to Guatemala.Illustration: Bot. Mag. pi. 3914.OPUNTIA BASILARIS Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:298. 1856.Type locality: From Cactus Pass down the valley of the BillWilliams River.Distribution : Arizona and Sonora.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 13. figs. 1-5; pi. 23. fig. 14; W.Watson, Cact. Cult. i}g. 76; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. fig. 129; Cact.Journ. 1 : 132.OPUNTIA BASILARIS RAMOSA ParishOpuntia basilaris ramosa Parish, Bull. Torr. Club 19:92. 1892.Type locality : Dry washes and gravelly benches of the Mohaveand Colorado deserts.Distribution : California and Arizona to Utah.Illustration: Cact. Journ. 1 : 167, as O. basilaris.OPUNTIA TRELEASEI Coult.Opuntia treleasei Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:434. 1896.Type locality : Caliente, in the Tehachapi Mountains, California.Distribution : California.OPUNTIA TRELEASEI KERNI Griffiths & HareOpuntia treleasei kerni Griffiths & Hare, Bull. N. Mex. Coll. Agr. 60:81. 1906.Type locality: Near Kern, California.Distribution: Southern California.
516 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vol. 50OPUNTIA MICRODASYS Lehm.
IOpuntia microdasys Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamburg. 1827.Opuntia pulvinata DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 119. 1828.Type locality: Mexico.Distribution : Coahuila.OPUNTIA RUFIDA Engelm.Opuntia rufida Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:298. 1856.Opuntia microdasys rufida Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 706. 1899.Type locality : About Presidio del Norte, on the Rio Grande.Distribution : Texas, Chihuahua.OPUNTIA MACDOUGALIANA Rose, sp. nov.Plant about 4 meters high, with a distinct cylindric trunk branch-ing from near the base; joints oblong, 30 cm. long by 8 to 10 cm.broad, softly pubescent; areoles distinct, small; spines generally 4,one much longer (2.5 to 4 cm. long), somewhat flattened, yellowish,becoming whitish in age ; glochides short, numerous, yellow ; fruitglobular to oblong, 5 cm. long, the surface divided into diamond-shaped plates, red, with a broad deep cup at apex, the numeroussmall rounded areoles filled with clumps of yellow glochides, veryrarely with one or two spines.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 453,485, collected by Roseand Painter near Tehuacan, Mexico, August and September, 1905(no. 9990).Named for Dr. D. T. MacDougal, of the Carnegie Institution ofWashington, who has photographed many of the cacti of Mexico,including this one, and to whom we are indebted for importantcooperation in this investigation.OPUNTIA NELSONII Rose, sp. nov.Stems 1 to 4 meters high; joints flattened, oblong to pear-shapedin outline, 15 to 20 cm. long by 10 to 15 cm. broad near the top,pubescent, pale yellowish green in herbarium specimens; areoles 2to 3 cm. apart; spines 2 to 6, yellow, becoming white in age, veryunequal, the longer ones 3 to 4 cm. long ; bristles many, yellow, be-coming brownish; flowers rather small; petals yellow, 10 to 15 mm.long; ovary pubescent, bearing many yellowish brown bristles;fruit "dark red."Said to be the common species in the region between Juajuapam,Oaxaca, and Retlatzingo, Puebla, altitude 1,440 to 1,950 meters,where it was collected by E. W. Nelson November 19, 1894 (no.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAF, OF NORTH AMERICA 5171981, type) ; also at mouth of Tomellin Canyon by Rose and Painter,September, 1905 (no. 10,110), and by Rose and Rose, September,1906 (no. 11,386).Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 569,373.This species is near O. puberula, but with differently shaped jointsand different spines.OPUNTIA DEPRESSA Rose, sp. nov.Low creeping or spreading plant, sometimes 60 cm. high and form-ing a patch 3 to 4 meters in diameter; joints of a dark glossy yellow-ish green color, pubescent; when young, obovate, 20 cm. long, usu-ally with one long, somewhat curved spine at each areole, sometimeswith 1 to 3 shorter Ones, all yellowish; old joints oblong, 30 cm.long, bearing 4 to 6 spines at the areoles ; flowers red ; fruit small,globular, with large clusters of brown glochides, when immaturewith a broad deep umbilicus.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 453,648, collected by Roseand Painter near Tehuacan, Mexico, 1905 (no. 10,146) ; also col-lected by Rose and Rose, 1906 (no. 11,428).OPUNTIA TOMENTOSA Salm-DyckOpuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck, Obs. Bot. 8. 1822.Cactus tomentosus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2:24. 1822.Opuntia oblongata Wendl. Cat. Hort. Herrnh. 1835.Type locality: Not cited; doubtless Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 121.OPUNTIA PUBERULA Pfeiff.Opuntia puberula Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 156. 1837.Type locality: Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.OPUNTIA GOSSELIANA WeberOpuntia gosseliana Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen Nachtr. 154. 1903.Type locality : Coast of Sonora on the Gulf of California.Distribution: Sonora and Lower California.Illustration : Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 68.
518 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 50Placed tentatively in the Pubescentes by Schumann althoughglabrous. Berger suggests other relationships. 1OPUNTIA VELUTINA WeberOpuntia velutina WebEr, Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris 10: 389. 1904.Type locality : In Guerrero.Distribution : Only known from the type locality. Not seen by us.OPUNTIA ATROPES Rose, sp. nov.Plant 1 to 3 meters high, much branched ; joints oblong to obovate,20 to 30 cm. long, deep green, softly pubescent; young joints some-what glossy; leaves 4 to 5 mm. long, terete in section, acuminate,pubescent, the tips reddish, standing almost at right angles to thejoints; areoles circular, filled with short tawny wool; young spineswhite or yellowish ; old spines 3 to 6 cm. long, somewhat angled,standing almost at right angles to the joints, dark yellow or brownat the base, much lighter, often white above; glochides numerous,long, yellow ; petals reddish ; ovary pubescent, covered with largecushion-like areoles, with few spines or none, truncate at apex.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 452,103, collected by J. N.Rose and Jos. H. Painter on the lava beds (pedregal) near Yautepec,Morelos, Mexico, July 12, 1905 (no. 8608).OPUNTIA DURANGENSIS Britton & Rose, sp. nov.Joints broadly obovate, about 20 cm. long and two-thirds as wide,pale green, glabrous ; areoles 1 to 2 cm. apart, elevated, about 5 cm.wide; spines 3 to 5 at each areole, yellow, stiff, pungent, 1.5 cm. longor less, spreading ; glochides brown, 2 to 3 mm. long ; flowers yellow,about 5 cm. wide ; petals obovate, subulate-tipped ; ovary 3 to 4 cm.long, finely puberulent, bearing numerous areoles with many glo-chides and few terete spines; "fruit white or red;" seeds turgid,about 3 mm. wide.Type in herbarium of N. Y. Botanical Garden, collected in thevicinity of Durango, Mexico, by Dr. E. Palmer, 1896 (no. 212).OPUNTIA LEUCOTRICHA DC.Opuntia leucotricha DC. Mem. Mus. Paris 17: 119. 1828.Type locality: Mexico.Distribution: Central Mexico.We place this species in the Pubescentes rather than in the Chaeto-phorae to which it was referred by Prof. Schumann.1 Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 71.
BRITTOI^-^D ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 519OPUNTIA PYCNANTHA Engelm.Opuntia pycnantha Engelm. ; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:423. 1806.Type locality : Magdalena Bay, Lower California.Distribution : Lower California.OPUNTIA PYCNANTHA MARGARITANA Coult.Opuntia pycnantha margaritana Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:424. 1896.Type locality : Santa Margarita Island, Lower California.Distribution : Lower California.An examination of the material in the Brandegee herbarium, bothof pycnantha and its variety as well as of O. comonduensis, showedthat they all have pubescent joints and should therefore be trans-ferred to the series Pubescentes.OPUNTIA COMONDUENSIS (Coult.) Britton & RoseOpuntia angustata comonduensis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:425. 1896.Type locality : Comondu, Lower California.Distribution : Southern Lower California.As pointed out by Mrs. K. Brandegee, this plant has nothing todo with true O. angustata, and, as it appears not to have been pub-lished as a species heretofore, we now raise Coulter's variety tospecific rank. Through the kindness of Mr. Hall and Mr. Brandegee,we have been permitted to examine the type now in the Brandegeeherbarium at the University of California. Coulter has labeled twosheets as such, both collected by Mr. Brandegee at Comondu in 1889.One of these has hairy joints and the other is glabrous. Theformer is selected as the type.
Series CRINIFERAECharacterized by long wool at the areoles.OPUNTIA PILIFERA WeberOpuntia pilifera Weber in Bois, Diet. Hort. 894. 1898.Type locality : Mexico.Distribution: Puebla.OPUNTIA CRINIFERA Salm-DyckOpuntia crinifera Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 157. 1837.Opuntia lanigera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 65. 1850.
520 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vol. SOType locality : Cited as Brazil, probably erroneously.Distribution : Mexico.Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. n: 154.OPUNTIA SCHEERII WeberOpuntia schecrii WebEr in Bois, Diet. Hort. 895. 1898.Tvpe locality: Mexico (?). Unknown to us except by the de-scription. Series CHAETOPHORAECharacterized by long weak bristles which are not at all pungent
;
joints glabrous. OPUNTIA URSINA WeberOpuntia ursina Weber in Bois, Diet. Hort. 896. 1898.Type locality: Desert of California.Distribution : Type locality and vicinity.Illustration : Encycl. Am. Hortic. 3 : fig. 1548.
Series DIVARICATAEA group of low, spreading, small-jointed species, the joints fallingaway readily when shocked.OPUNTIA CURASSAVICA Mill.Opuntia enrassavica Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 7. 1768.Type locality : Curacoa.Distribution : West Indies.Illustration : Pfeiff. Abbild. Cact. pi 6. fig. 2.Plants from the island of Culebra. Porto Rico, brought by Drs.Britton and Wheeler to the New York Botanical Garden, almostexactly match Pfeiffer's figure of this species.OPUNTIA TAYLORI Britton & Rose, sp. nov.Prostrate, widely branched; joints oblong to narrowly obovate, 12cm. long or less, turgid, bright green, 3 to 4 cm. wide, 1 to 1.5 cm.thick; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart, not elevated; spines acicular, 3 to6 at each areole, yellowish brown, becoming white, 4 cm. long orless ; glochides yellowish brown, 3 mm. long ; flowers yellow, small,the petals about 1 cm. long; ovary pyriform, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, itsareoles with few bristles and spineless.
IBRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTlOIDEA£ OF NORTH AMERICA 521Type in N. Y. Botanical Garden. Collected between Gonaives andLa Hotte Rochee, on road to Terre Neuve, Haiti (Nash & Taylor,1587, August 12, 1905).Differs from the following species by its turgid joints and moreslender spines.OPUNTIA TRIACANTHA (Willd.) DC.Cactus triacanthos Wiujx Enum. Suppl. 34. 1813.Opuntia triacantha DC. Prod. 3: 473. 1828.Type locality: Not cited; cultivated in the Berlin Garden.Distribution : Windward Islands, St. Martin to Guadeloupe.Professor Schumann's description apparently includes two species,one of which belongs here and one in the Albispinosae. IndexKewensis indicates O. triacantha as a synonym of 0. curassavica,which is improbable.OPUNTIA PES-CORVI Le ConteOpuntia pes-corvi LE Conte; Chapm. South. Fl. 145. i860.Type locality : Barren sandy places along the coast, Florida andGeorgia.Distribution : Coast of the Southeastern States. Reported fromBermuda, but probably erroneously.OPUNTIA PUMILA Rose, sp. nov.Stems low, 30 to 60 cm. high, much branched, the branches readilyfalling off when touched, velvety pubescent; joints terete in section,or turgid and slightly flattened ; areoles small, bearing on old stemsseveral slender spines, the longer ones 3 cm. long; areoles on youngjoints usually 2, yellowish; ovary pubescent, with few spines ornone; petals yellow tinged with red, 15 mm. long; fruit globular,red, 15 mm. long.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 454,096, collected by J. N.Rose near Oaxaca City, on the road to Mitla, September 5, 1907(no. 11,306).For the present we base this species on specimens from a singlelocality. Our material, however, shows that it, or a group of closelyrelated species, ranges from north Mexico to Guatemala. Thespecimens examined are all very similar in habit, with narrow,nearly terete branches, but in other respects differ considerably, somebeing glabrous, while others are velvety-pubescent. We have as-signed the species a place in the series Divaricatae, but it seems toresemble some South American species, notably O. aurantiaca, moreclosely than any North American type.
522 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. SOSeries MICROCARPAEAccording to Schumann, characterized by the small fruit. Thetwo species which he refers here probably do not belong to thesame series. OPUNTIA STRIGIL Engelm.Opuntia strigil Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:290. 1856.Type locality: Between the Pecos and El Paso, Texas.Distribution: Texas.Illustration: Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 67.OPUNTIA MICROCARPA Schum.Opuntia microcarpa Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 714. 1899.Type locality: Cul de Sac, Haiti.Distribution : Known only from the type locality.Not seen by us. Probably not at all related to O. strigil.This name is a homonym of O. microcarpa Engelm. 1 If thespecies proves to be a good one a new name must be proposed.Opuntia macracantha Griseb. 2 from maritime situations in Cuba, wassupposed by Professor Schumann to be of this relationship.Series VULGARESProstrate or spreading plants, with few spines at the areoles orunarmed. OPUNTIA OPUNTIA (L.) Coult.Cactus opuntia L. Sp. PI. 468. 1753.Opuntia vulgaris Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768.Cactus opuntia vulgaris DC. PI. Succ. Hist, sub pi. 138. 1799.Opuntia italica TenorE, Syll. 241. 1842.Opuntia intermedia Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 364. 1850.Opuntia nana Visiani, Fl. Dalm. 3: 143. 1852.Opuntia opuntia Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 432. 1896.Opuntia vulgaris nana Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 715. 1899.Type locality: America.Distribution : Eastern United States.Illustrations: DC. PI. Succ. Hist. 2: pi. 138a; Bot. Mag. pi. 2393;Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 10. figs. 1, 2; pi. 23. fig. 15;Bois, Atl. PI. Jard. pi. 124; Britton & Brown, 111. Fl. fig. 2527;Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 124.
1 Engelm. in Emory, Rep. 158. 1848.
'Cat. PI. Cub. 116.
-v
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OE NORTH AMERICA 523OPUNTIA POLLARDI Britton & Rose, sp. nov.Apparently prostrate and most nearly related to Opuntia opuntia;joints obovate, pale green in dried specimens, about 10 cm. long,6 cm. wide, and apparently less than I cm. thick; areoles 1.5 to 3cm. apart, bearing numerous brown glochides 2 to 3 mm. long,those toward the top of the joint each with a single stout stiff pun-gent spine 2.5 to 4 cm. long; fruit short-obovoid, 2.5 cm. long, 1.5cm. thick, with a few areoles bearing tufts of brownish wool butno spines and but few glochides; seeds 4 to 5 mm. wide, muchthicker than those of 0. opuntia.Biloxi, Harrison County, Mississippi, August 1, 1896, C. L. Pol-lard (no. 1 138). Type in herbarium of New York Botanical Garden.OPUNTIA MACRORHIZA Engelm.Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6:206. 1850.Opuntia mesacantha macrorhiza Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:430. 1896.Type locality : Rocky places on the Upper Guadalupe, Texas.Distribution : Kansas to Texas.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 12. figs. 7, 8; pi. 23, fig. 6; W.Watson, Cactus Cult. figs. 82, 83; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. fig. 127.OPUNTIA AUSTRINA SmallOpuntia austrina Small, Fl. SE. U. S. 816. 1903.Type locality: Miami, Florida.Distribution : Florida.OPUNTIA GREENEI (Coult.) Engelm.Opuntia mesacantha greenei Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:431. 1896.Type locality : Golden City, Colorado.Distribution : Colorado to Arizona.This species is clearly distinct, but has never been formally givenspecific rank, although long ago indicated as deserving it by Dr.Engelmann in manuscript.OPUNTIA STENOCHILA Engelm.Opuntia stenochila Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:296. 1856.Opuntia mesacantha stenochila Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:430. 1896.Type locality : "Canyon of Zuni," New Mexico.Distribution: Western New Mexico and Arizona.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 12. figs. 4-6; pi. 23. fig. p.
524 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 50OPUNTIA PLUMBEA Rose, sp. nov.Plant low, creeping, 10 cm. high, 20 to 30 cm. broad, few-jointed;joints small, nearly orbicular, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, of a dull leadcolor, the surface somewhat wrinkled in dead specimens ; areolesrather large for the size of the joints ; spines pale brownish, slender,usually porrect, often 3 cm. long, mostly 2 in number, rarely asmany as 4, sometimes 1 or even wanting; flowers very small, red;ovary naked; fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. long with a few small areoles andthese simply woolly ; seeds small, rather turgid, smooth, and with ashallow obtuse margin.Type U. S. National Herbarium, no. 399,804, collected by Mr.F. V. Coville in the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona, altitude1,500 meters, June, 1904, and for a time growing in Washington.The fruit and seeds suggest 0. stenochila Engelm.OPUNTIA HUMIFUSA Raf.Cactus humifusus Raf. Ann. Nat. 15. 1820.Opuntia humifusa Raf. Med. Bot. 2:247. 1830.Opuntia mcsacantha Raf.; Ser. Bull. Bot. Geneva 216. 1830.Opuntia rafincsquii Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:295. 1856.Type locality : United States.Distribution : Central United States.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 10. figs. 5-5; pi. 11; Fl. desSerres pi. 2328; Bot. Mag. pi. 7041; 111. Fl. 2528; W. Watson,Cactus Cult. fig. 84; Am. Entom. & Bot. 2 : fig. 160; Forst. Handb.Cact. ed. 2. fig. 126, as 0. rafinesquii arkansana.The following forms, referred to O. mesacaiitha by Dr. Coulter,we have not studied sufficiently to enable us to form opinions as totheir relationships
:
OPUNTIA MESACANTHA PARVA Coult.Opuntia mcsacantha parva Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:429. 1896.OPUNTIA MESACANTHA MICROSPERMA (Engelm.) Coult.Opuntia rafincsquii microsperma Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 295. 1856.Opuntia mcsacantha microsperma Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:429. 1896.OPUNTIA MESACANTHA OPLOCARPA Coult.Opuntia mesacaiitha oplocarpa Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:431. 1896.OPUNTIA GRANDIFLORA Engelm.Opuntia grandiflora Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:295. 1856.Opuntia rafincsquii grandiflora Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 55. 1856.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 525Type locality : On the Brazos River, Texas.Distribution : Texas.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. II, figs. 2, 3.Series SUBINERMESUpright or bushy plants with few spines or none.OPUNTIA LANCEOLATA Haw.Opuntia lanceolata Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 192. 1812.Cactus lanceolatus Haw. Misc. Nat. 188. 1803.Type locality: South America (?).Distribution : West Indies.Plants tentatively referred to this species were collected by Drs.Britton and Millspaugh on Cat Island, Bahamas, but the young jointsare quite spiny with yellowish spines about 1 cm. long ; the old jointsbecome spineless. OPUNTIA INERMIS DC.Cactus opnntia inermis DC. PI. Succ. Hist. 2: sub pi. 138. 1799.Opuntia inermis DC. Prod. 3:473. 1828.Opuntia vulgaris balearica WebER in Bois, Diet. Hort. 894. 1897, assynonym.Type locality : Tropical America.Distribution : Florida and West Indies.Illustrations: DC. PI. Succ. Hist. pi. 138; Tussac, Fl. Ant. 2:pl- 34-We place this species and the preceding one in series Subinermesrather than Vulgares.OPUNTIA CRASSA Haw.Opuntia crassa Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 81. 1819.Opuntia parvula Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 364. 1834.Opuntia glaberrima Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 153. 1837.Type locality: Mexico (?).Distribution: Mexico.OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) Mill.Cactus ficus-indica L. Sp. PK 468. 1753.Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 2. 1768.Opuntia vulgaris TenorE, Syll. Fl. Neap. 239. 1831, not Mill.Cactus opuntia Guss. Fl. Sic. Prod. 559. 1827-28, not L.Type locality : Tropical America.
526 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 50Distribution : West Indies and tropical America. Naturalized inthe Mediterranean region.Illustrations : Mem. Acad. Neap. 6 : pi. I, 2; W. Watson, CactusCult. fig. 80; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 151.OPUNTIA LAEVIS Coult.Opuntia laevis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 419. 1896.Type locality: Arizona.Distribution: Arizona.Referred by Professor Schumann to O. inermis, but not at all likethat species. OPUNTIA LARREYI WeberOpuntia larreyi Weber; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:423. 1896.Type locality : Queretaro, Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.Illustration: Bull. N. Mex. Coll. Agr. 64: pi. 1.Series SETISPINAECharacterized by the low habit, slender, delicate spines, and smalljoints. OPUNTIA FILIPENDULA Engelm.Opuntia Mipendula Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:294. 1856.Type locality: Alluvial bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso.Distribution : Texas, New Mexico, Chihuahua.Illustrations : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 68; W. Watson, Cactus Cult.fig. 81; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. fig. 131.OPUNTIA SETISPINA Engelm.Opuntia setispina Engelm. ; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 239. 1850.Type locality : Pine woods in the mountains west of Chihuahua(fide Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 294).Distribution : Known only from the type locality.OPUNTIA TENUISPINA Engelm.Opuntia tenuispina Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:294. 1856.Type locality : Sand Hills near El Paso, Texas.Distribution: Type locality and vicinity.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 75. fig. 14.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 527Series TUNAEBushy plants with abundant yellow spines. The color of thespines is not a wholly satisfactory character.OPUNTIA CHLOROTICA Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & BiGEL. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:291. 1856.Type locality : On both sides of the Colorado from San FranciscoMountains to headwaters of Bill Williams River.Distribution : Arizona, Sonora, New Mexico, Nevada, and Cali-fornia.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 6, figs. 1-3.OPUNTIA CHLOROTICA SANTA-RITA Griffiths & HareOpuntia chlorotica santa-rita Griffiths & Hare, Bull. N. Mex. Coll. Agr.60: 64. 1906.Type locality : Celero Mountains, Arizona.Distribution : Arizona.OPUNTIA TAPONA Engelm.Opuntia tapona Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 423. 1896.Type locality : Near Loreto, Lower California.Distribution: Known only from the type locality.Doubtfully included in series Tunae.OPUNTIA PALMERI Engelm.Opuntia palmeri Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:423. 1896.Type locality: Near St. George, Utah.Distribution: Utah.OPUNTIA BECKERIANA Schum.Opuntia bcckeriana Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 722. 1899.Type locality: Probably Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.Known to us only from the description.OPUNTIA LUCAYANA BrittonOpuntia lucayana Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 141. 1906.Type locality : Grand Turk Island, Bahamas.Distribution : Grand Turk.
528 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vol. 50OPUNTIA DILLENII (Ker-Gawl.) Haw.Cactus dillenii Ker-Gawl. Bot. Reg. 3: pi. 255. 1818.Opuntia dillenii Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 79. 1819.Type locality : Not cited.Distribution : Coasts of Florida, Bermuda, West Indies, and VeraCruz.Illustrations : Dill. Hort. Elth. pi. 396. fig. 382; Bot. Reg. loc. cit.
;
DC. PI. Succ. Hist. 2 : pi. 13J, as Cactus cochenillifer.OPUNTIA TUNA (L.) Mill.Cactus tuna L. Sp. PI. 468. 1753.Opuntia tuna Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 3. 1768.Cactus humilis Haw. Misc. Nat. 187. 1803.Opuntia humilis Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 189. 1812.Opuntia polyantha Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 190. 1812.Cactus polyanthus Sims, Bot. Mag. 53: pi. 2691. 1826.Opuntia horrida Salm-Dyck; DC. Prod. 3:472. 1828.Type locality : Jamaica and tropical America.Distribution : West Indies.Illustrations: Dill. Hort. Elth. pi. 295. fig. 380; Bot. Mag. loc. cit;Descourt. Fl. Pict. Antilles pi. 513, as Cactus opuntia; Forst. Handb.Cact. ed 2. fig. 130, as 0. polyantha.Our studies indicate that the common plant of the Jamaica low-lands is to be taken as the type of Cactus tuna L.OPUNTIA CACAPANA Griffiths & HareOpuntia cacapana Griffiths & Hare, Bull. N. Mex. Coll. Agr. 60: 47. 1906.Type locality: Encinal, Texas.Distribution : Southern Texas.OPUNTIA LINDHEIMERI Engelm.Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 6:207. 1850.Type locality: About New Braunfels, Texas.Distribution : Texas and Tamaulipas.Clearly distinct from 0. engelmamii.OPUNTIA LINDHEIMERI DULCIS (Engelm.) Coult.Opuntia dulcis Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 291. 1856.Opuntia lindheimeri dulcis Coult. Contr. Nat. 3: 421. 1896.Type locality : Near Presidio del Norte, Texas.Distribution : Southern Texas.Illustration: Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. ?$. figs. 5-7.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOID£AE OF NORTH AMERICA 529OPUNTIA LITTORALIS (Engelm.) Britton & RoseOpuntia engehnanni littoralis Engelm. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1:248. 1876.Opuntia lindheimeri littoralis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:422. 1896.Type locality : Coast of California, Santa Barbara to San Diego.Distribution : Coast of southern California.OPUNTIA CUIJA (Griffiths & Hare) RoseOpuntia engelmannii cuija Griffiths & Hare, Bull. N. Mex. Coll. Agr.60: 44. 1907.Type locality: San Luis Potosi, Mexico.Distribution: San Luis Potosi to Queretaro and Hidalgo.Illustrations: Bull. N. Alex. Coll. Agr. 60: pi. 2. figs. I, 2.OPUNTIA OCCIDENTALS Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia occidentalis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:291. 1856.Opuntia lindheimeri occidentalis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3-421. 1896.Type locality: Western slopes of the Californian Mountains, be-tween San Diego and Los Angeles.Distribution : Southwestern California.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 7. figs. I, 2; Bull. N. Mex. Coll.Agr. 60: pi. 3. fig. 2.OPUNTIA MEGALARTHRA Rose, sp. nov.Plants 1 to 4 meters high, often much branched and the armswidely spreading; joints generally orbicular, very large, often 30 cm.or rarely 50 cm. in diameter, glaucous, bluish green, very thick andturgid; areoles distant, 4 to 6 cm. apart, brownish when young,black in age; spines yellow, 2 to 6 at each areole on young joints, onold joints as many as 8, very stout, 4 cm. long or more, more orless flattened or angled ; glochides yellow, numerous ; flowers lemon-yellow, 7 to 8 cm. broad; fruit globular, oblong, sometimes 7 cm.long, purplish.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 453.757, collected atHacienda Palmar, near Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico, by Rose &Painter, July 21, 1905 (no. 10,255).Distribution : A common and widely distributed species in theStates of Hidalgo, Queretaro, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi.
Series PROCUMBENTESDepressed or prostrate plants with yellow spines.
530 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 5aOPUNTIA RUBRIFOLIA Engelm.Opuntia rubrifolia Engelm.; Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 424. 1896.Type locality : St. George, Utah.Distribution : Only known from the type locality.OPUNTIA PROCUMBENS Engelm.Opuntia procumbens Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:292. 1856.Type locality : San Francisco Mountains to Cactus Pass, Arizona.Distribution : Texas to Arizona.Illustration: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 6. figs. 4, 5.Series FULVISPINOSAEBushy or spreading brown-spined plants, the spines sometimesbrown only toward the base; fruits fleshy.OPUNTIA MEGARRHIZA RoseOpuntia megarrhiza Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906.Type locality : Alvarez, Mexico.Distribution : San Luis Potosi, Mexico.OPUNTIA NIGRICANS Haw.Cactus nigricans Haw. Misc. Nat. 187. 1803.Opuntia nigricans Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. 189. 1812.Cactus tuna nigricans Sims, Bot. Mag. 38: pi. 1557. 1813.Type locality: Unknown.Distribution : Mexico.Illustration: Bot. Mag. loc. cit.OPUNTIA MACROCENTRA Engelm.Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:292. 1856.Type locality : Sand hills on the Rio Grande near El Paso.Distribution : Texas to Arizona and Chihuahua.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 75. fig. 8.OPUNTIA PHAEACANTHA Engelm.Opuntia phacacantha Engelm. in Gray, PI. Fend. 2: 352. 1849.Opuntia phaeacantha nigricans Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:293. 1856.Opuntia phaeacantha brunnca Engelm. loc. cit. 1856.Type locality : About Santa Fe and on the Rio Grande.Distribution : Texas to Arizona and Chihuahua.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 75. figs. 9-15.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 53 XOPUNTIA PHAEACANTHA MAJOR Engelm.Opuntia phaeacantha major Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:293. 1856.Type locality : Mountainous regions near Santa Fe.OPUNTIA MOHAVENSIS Engelm.Opuntia mohavensis Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:293. 1856.Type locality : On the Mohave, west of the Colorado, California.Distribution: Known only from the type locality.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 9. figs. 6-8.OPUNTIA FUSCOATRA Engelm.Opuntia fuscoatra Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 297. 1856.Type locality: Sterile places of prairies west of Houston, Texas.Distribution : Known only from the type locality.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 11. fig. 4.OPUNTIA CAMANCHICA Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia camanchica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:293. 1856.Type locality : Llano Estacado, on the Upper Canadian River.Distribution : Texas to Colorado and Arizona. Reported fromWestern Kansas.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 8. figs. 1-3; pi. 22. figs. 12-13;111. Fl. fig. 2330. OPUNTIA TORTISPINA Engelm.Opuntia tortispina Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:293. 1856.Type locality : On the Comanche Plains, near the Canadian River.Distribution: Nebraska to Texas.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 8. figs. 2, 3; pi. 23. figs. 1-3;111. Fl. fig. 2529.OPUNTIA ENGELMANNI Salm-DyckOpuntia engelmanni Salm-Dyck; Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6:207. 1850.Type locality : From El Paso to Chihuahua.Distribution: Chihuahua, New Mexico, Texas.Illustrations : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 75. figs. 1-4; Bull. Torr. Club32: pi. 10. figs. 10-13.An examination of the plant collected by Wislizenus north of
532 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. 50Chihuahua (no. 223), in the herbarium of the Missouri BotanicalGarden, and labeled by Dr. Engelmann as O. engehnanni Salm-Dyck,shows that this species is of the series Fulvispinosae, rather than theseries Tunae.OPUNTIA ENGELMANNII CYCLODES Engelm.Opuntia engclmannii cyclodes Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:291. 1856.Opuntia lindheimeri cyclodes Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:422. 1896.Type locality : "On the Upper Pecos, in New Mexico.Distribution : Western Texas and New Mexico.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 8. fig. 1; pi. 22, figs. 8, 0.OPUNTIA VASEYI (Coult.) Britton & RoseOpuntia mesacantha vaseyi Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:431. 1896.Type locality : "Yuma."Distribution: Southwestern Arizona.In our opinion clearly of this series rather than Vulgares.OPUNTIA CYMOCHILA Engelm.Opuntia cymochila Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:295. 1856.Opuntia mesacantha cymochila Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:430. 1896.Type locality : Along the Canadian River east of Llano Estacado,New Mexico.Distribution : New Mexico and Arizona.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 12. figs. /-?; pi. 23. figs. 10-12.Likewise to be included in Fulvispinosae rather than Vulgares.OPUNTIA ANGUSTATA Engelm.Opuntia angustata Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:292. 1856.Type locality: Zuni, New Mexico.Distribution : Supposed to extend from New Mexico to California,but doubtless not found in California.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 7, fig. 3.Engelmann's descriptions and illustrations of this species includetwo, if not three, distinct ones belonging to F«ulvispinosae ratherthan Procumbentes.OPUNTIA COVILLEI Britton & Rose, sp. nov.Joints obovate, 10 to 20 cm. long or more ; areoles 2 to 4 cm. apart,pale green, sometimes purplish, slightly glaucous; spines slender,
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OP NORTH AMERICA 533somewhat angled, 2 to several from each areole, very unequal, thelonger ones 6 cm. long, brownish or yellowish brown throughout;glochides numerous, brown ; flowers large, yellow ; ovary 4 to 5 cm.long, with few areoles and nearly or quite spineless ; fruit more orless tuberculate, red; umbilicus broad and somewhat depressed;seeds 5 mm. broad.Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 40,809, collected at SanBernardino, California, by G. R. Vasey in 1891 ; also collected byParish and by Coville in the same region. We are not certainwhether all the so-called 0. lindhcimcri from southeastern Californiabelongs here or not, but if so, then here should be referred Engel-mann's Californian material referred to 0. angustata.Series XEROCARPEAESpreading flat-jointed plants with dry or nearly dry fruits.OPUNTIA SPHAEROCARPA Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia sphaerocarpa Engelm. & BiGEL. Proc. Am. Acad. 3: 300. 1856.Type locality : Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico.Distribution : Known only from type locality.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 13. figs. 6, 7;- pi. 24. fig. 3.OPUNTIA SPHAEROCARPA UTAHENSIS Engelm.Opuntia sphaerocarpa utahensis Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 199.1863.Type locality : Utah Basin.Distribution: Known only from type locality.OPUNTIA POLYACANTHA Haw.Cactus ferox Nutt. Gen. 1 : 296. 1818, not Willd. 1813.Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. Suppl. 82. 1819.Opuntia media Haw. loc. cit. 1819.Opuntia niissouriensis DC. Prod. 3:472. 1828.Opuntia splendens Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 159. 1837.Type locality : Arid situations on the plains of the Missouri.Distribution : Athabasca to Washington, Nebraska, and NewMexico.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 14. figs. 1—3; Bot. Mag. pi. 7046;111. Fl. fig. 2331.The following subspecies recognized by Dr. Coulter have not beensufficiently studied by us to enable us to express opinions concerningtheir relationships.
534 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vol. 5°OPUNTIA POLYACANTHA PLATYCARPA (Engelm.) Coult.Opuntia missonriensis platycarpa Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:300. 1856.Opuntia polyacantha platycarpa Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 436. 1896.Type locality : On the Yellowstone, Montana.Distribution : Idaho and Montana to Utah, Colorado, and Ne-braska.Illustration : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 14, fig. 4.OPUNTIA POLYACANTHA BOREALIS Coult.Opuntia missouriensis microspcrma Engelm. & BiGEL. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:300. 1856. Not O. raiinesquii microspcrma Engelm. loc. cit. 295.Opuntia polyacantha borealis Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:436. 1896.Type locality : On the Missouri above Fort Pierre, S. D.Distribution: "From British Columbia to Oregon and SouthDakota."—Coulter.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 14. figs. $-7; pi. 24. figs, i, 2.OPUNTIA POLYACANTHA ALBISPINA (Engelm. & Bigel.) Coult.Opuntia missouriensis albispina Engelm. & BiGEL. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:300. 1856.Opuntia polyacantha albispina Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 437. 1896.Type locality: Sandy Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico.Distribution : New Mexico and Oklahoma.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 14, figs. 8-10; pi. 23. fig. 18.OPUNTIA POLYACANTHA WATSONI Coult.Opuntia polyacantha zvatsoni Coult. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:437. 1896.Type locality : Wahsatch Mountains, Utah.Distribution; Nebraska and Wyoming to Colorado, Utah, andNew Mexico. OPUNTIA SCHWERINIANA Schum.Opuntia schuwiniana Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 148. 1899.Type locality : Near Sapinero, Colorado.Distribution : Known only from the type locality.Illustration : Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9 : 148.This was indicated by Schumann 1 as belonging to the Fulvi-spinosae, but in his "Keys" to Cactaceae, page 65, is properly placedin the Xerocarpeae, related to O. polyacantha (O. missouriensis).
1 Gesamtb. Kakteen. Nachtr. 158.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAE OE NORTH AMERICA 535OPUNTIA TRICOPHORA (Engelm.) Britton & RoseOpuntia missouriensis tricophora Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:300. 1856.Opnntia polyacantha tricophora CoulT. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3^437- 1896.Type locality: Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico.Distribution : New Mexico and Texas.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 15, figs. 1-4; pi. 23. fig. 19.This species is certainly distinct from O. polyacantha. It probablydoes not belong to this series.OPUNTIA RHODANTHA Schum.Opnntia rhodantha Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 735. 1899.Type locality : Colorado, at 2,000 to 2,300 meters.Distribution : Colorado.OPUNTIA XANTHOSTEMMA Schum.Opuntia xanthostemma Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 735. 1899.Type locality : Mesa Grande, Colorado, 2,000 meters.Distribution : Colorado.OPUNTIA HYSTRICINA Engelm. & Bigel.Opuntia hystricina Engelm. & BiGEE. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:299. 1856.Type locality : Colorado Chiquito and on San Francisco Mountains.Distribution : New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California.Illustration: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 15. figs. 5-7; pi. 23. fig. 75.Series TUMIDAELow turgid-jointed plants with dry or nearly dry fruits.OPUNTIA RUTILA Nutt.Opuntia rutila Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1 : 555. 1840.Opuntia erinacea Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:301. 1856.Type locality: Arid clay hills in the Rocky Mountain range, nearthe Colorado of the West, about latitude 42 °.Distribution : Wyoming to Arizona and California.Illustrations: Pac. R. Rep. 4: pi. 13. figs, 8-1 1; pi. 24. fig. 4;Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 105.The identity of O. rutila Nutt. with O. erinacea Engelm. wasindicated by Dr. Engelmann in the Report of Simpson's Expedition,page 442; Nuttall's type came from southwestern Wyoming and
536 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [vol. 50Engelmann's from the Mohave River. We think it possible thatDr. Engelmann erred in this identification and that O. rutila reallybelongs among the Xerocarpeae.OPUNTIA ARENARIA Engelm.Opuntia arenaria Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:301. 1856.Type locality : Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso.Distribution : Texas and New Mexico.Illustration : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi 75. fig. 1$.OPUNTIA FRAGILIS (Nutt.) Haw.Cactus fragilis NuTT. Gen. 1:296. 1818.Opuntia fragilis Haw. Syn. PI. Succ. Suppl. 82. 1819.Type locality : ''From the Mandans to the mountains, in sterile butmoist situations."Distribution : Wisconsin to Kansas and British Columbia.Illustrations : Pac. R. Rep. 4 : pi. 24. fig. 5; 111. Fl. fig. 2532; W.Watson, Cact. Cult. fig. 78.OPUNTIA BRACHYARTHRA Engelm.Opuntia brachyarthra Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:302. 1856.Opuntia fragilis brachyarthra CoulT. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:440. 1896.Type locality : Inscription Rock, near Zuni, New Mexico.Distribution : Colorado and New Mexico.Illustrations : Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. fig. 132; Cact. Journ.1 : 100. Series ALBISPINOSAETall or large plants with white spines and broad petals.OPUNTIA OLIGACANTHA Salm-DyckOpuntia oligacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 241. 1850.Type locality : Not cited ; cultivated in the Vienna garden.Distribution : Mexico.OPUNTIA HYPTIACANTHA WeberOpuntia hyptiacantha Weber in Bois, Diet. Hort. 894. 1897.Type locality : Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTlOID£AE OF NORTH AMERICA 537OPUNTIA STREPTACANTHA LemaireOpuntia streptacantha Lemaire, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 62. 1839.Opuntia pseudo-tuna Schum. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenf. 36a: 201.1893, not Salm-Dyck.Type locality: San Luis Potosi.Distribution : Mexico.Illustrations : Engl. & Prantl, loc. cit. ; U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI.Ind. Bull. 116: pi. 1.OPUNTIA CANDELABRIFORMIS Mart.Opuntia candclabriformis Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 159. 1837.Type locality : Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.OPUNTIA SPINULIFERA Salm-DyckOpuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 364. 1834.Type locality : Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.OPUNTIA ROBUSTA Wendl.Opuntia robusta Wendl. Cact. Hort. Herrnh. 1835.Opuntia flavicans Lemaire. Nov. Gen. & Sp. '61. 1839.Type locality : Mexico.Distribution : Mexico.OPUNTIA MEGACANTHA Salm-DyckOpuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 363. 1834.Type locality : In Mexico.Distribution : Cultivated in Mexico and Jamaica.
Series STENOPETALAE.Large white-spined plants with narrow petals.OPUNTIA GLAUCESCENS Salm-DyckOpuntia glaucescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 362. 1834.Type locality : In Mexico.Distribution: Mexico.
538 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS [VOL. SOOPUNTIA GRANDIS Pfeiff.Opuntia grandis Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 155. 1837.Type locality: In Mexico.Distribution: Mexico.Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 172.Referred by Schumann to O. glaucescens, but doubtless distinct,as indicated by Berger. 1OPUNTIA STENOPETALA Engelm.Opuntia stenopetala Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:289. 1856.Type locality: On battlefield of Buena Vista, south of Saltillo,Mexico.Distribution : Coahuila to Queretaro and Hidalgo.Illustrations : Cact. Mex. Bound, pi. 66; Monatsschr. Kakteenk.14: 172.Referred by Schumann to 0. glaucescens, but surely a distinctspecies, as also indicated by Berger. 1LIST OF THE SPECIES OF NOPALEANOPALEA COCHENILLIFERA (L.) Salm-DyckCactus cochenillifer L. Sp. PI. 468. 1753.Opuntia cochinelifera Mile. Diet. ed. 8. no. 6. 1768.Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 63. 1850.Type locality : Jamaica.Distribution : West Indies and tropical America.Illustrations: Bot. Rep. ,pl. 533; Descourt. Fl. Pict. Antilles 7: pi.515; Bot. Mag. 54: pis. 2741, 2742; Dill. Hort. Elth. fig. 383; Pfeiff.& Otto, Abbild. Cact. 1: pi. 24; Kerner, Hort. 683; Fl. Bras. 42 :pi. 60. NOPALEA KARWINSKIANA (Salm-Dyck) Schum.Opuntia karwinskiana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 68. 1850.Nopalea karwinskiana Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 752. 1899.Type locality : In Mexico.Distribution : Mexico ; rare in cultivation.NOPALEA AUBERI (Pfeiff.) Salm-DyckNopalea auberi Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 233. 1850.Opuntia auberi Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.Type locality: Cuba.Distribution: Cuba.
'Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 171.
BRITTON AND ROSE] OPUNTIOIDEAF, OF NORTH AMERICA 539NOPALEA DEJECTA Salm-DyckOpimtia dejecta Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834.Nopalea dejecta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 233. 1850.Type locality : Havana, Cuba.Distribution : Cuba, and common in cultivation in Mexico.NOPALEA GUATEMALENSIS RoseNopalea guatemalensis Rose, Smithson. Misc. Coll. 50:330. 1907.Type locality : El Rancho, Guatemala.Distribution : Arid valleys of Guatemala.Illustrations : Smithson. Misc. Coll. 50 : pis. 41-42.NOPALEA MONILIFORMIS (L.) Schum.Cactus moniliformis *L. Sp. PI. 468. 1753.Cereus moniliformis DC. Prod. 3: 470. 1828.Opuntia moniliformis Steud. Nom. 2: 221. 1841.Nopalea moniliformis Schum. Gesamtb. Kakteen 750. 1900.Type locality: Tropical iVmerica.Distribution : Haiti.Illustration : Descourt. Fl. Pict. Antilles 7 : pi. 514.This very interesting species is known to us only from the descrip-tions and illustration.