Taxonomy of the Liolaeminae(Squamata: Iguania: Tropeduridae)ANDASemi-Annotated Bibliograpy
Richard EtheridgeDepartment of BiologySan Diego State University&Robert E. EspinozaEcology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno
smithsonianherpetological informationSERVICENO. 126
2000
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Editor's Note:The forward begins on page two.There is no page one.
A Taxonomy and Semi-Annotated Bibliography of theLiOLAEMiNAE (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae)
Richard Etheridge^ and Robert E. Espinoza^
' Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan Diego, CA 92182-4616 USAVoice: (619) 594-5394FAX: (619) 594-5676Email: rether@sunstroke.sdsu.edu{authorfor correspondence)
^ Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation BiologyMS 314University of Nevada, RenoReno, NV 89557 USAVoice: (775) 784-1703FAX: (775) 784-1369Email: espin_r@unr.edu
Foreword
The Liolaeminae (Iguania: Tropiduridae) is a large clade of small to moderate-sized lizards thatlive in primarily arid and serruand habitats throughout most of austral South America. They are aconspicuous component of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna wherever they occur, and many localities areoccupied by several species. As this bibliography clearly indicates, lizards of the Liolaeminae havebeen the focus of intense interest by biologists for more than a century.In 1989, Frost and Etheridge proposed formal recogmtion of Liolaeminae as a subfamily ofthe iguanian family Tropiduridae. Although species of Liolaeminae have been coupled with a largenumber of generic names (see Taxonomy), Etheridge (1995) recognized only three as valid:Ctenoblepharys (1 species), Phymaturus (10 species) and Liolaemus (- 150 sjiecies).Ctenoblepharys adspersa is an arenicolous insectivore confined to the Pacific beaches of centralPeru, where it occurs in isolation from other Liolaeminae. Phymaturus are saxicolous, herbivorouslizards that live at high elevations in the Andes of central Chile and Argentina, and along the volcanicmesetas in central and southern Argentina. Throughout its range Phymaturus occurs sympatricallywith one or more species of Liolaemus. The number of valid species of Liolaemus as of this writingstands at appro.ximately 150?the uncertainty resulting from diffenng opinions on the validity of someforms. Eleven species have from two to five subspecies. Incredibly, the number oi Liolaemus hasbeen growing at a rate of about four new species each year for the past decade (Fig. 1), and at least 20manuscnpt names known to us are now in preparation.
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Fig. 1 . Number ofLiolaemus taxadescribed over time.Only taxa that are
currently considered
valid are. Incredibly,the rate of new-speciesdescriptions hasaveraged 2.7 per yearsince 1970 and hasnsen to 3.5 per yearwithin the last decade.
Liolaemusranges fromnorthern centralPeru southwardthrough Bolivia,Chile, andArgentina tonorthern Tierra del Fuego, and up the Atlantic coast of Uruguay and southeastern Brazil. Members ofthis genus occur at elevations from sea level to over 5000 m. In body size they range from 45 to justover 100 mm snout-vent length, with body masses from three to nearly 40 g. Liolaemus may beinsectivorous or herbivorous, but the majority of species appear to be omnivores. The reproductivemode of Ctenoblepharys is unknown, but it is probably oviparous. Phymaturus are viviparous, asare about half the species of Liolaemus, whereas the remaining species deposit eggs in varying stagesof embryonic development. The majority of liolaemine lizards live in arid or semiarid habitats, but thedistributions of some Liolaemus extend into the humid forest of southern Chile, and along theAtlantic coast including several Brazilian islands. Liolaeminae are almost entirely terrestrial, withmost being microhabitat generalists, but some are highly specialized morphologically:Ctenoblepharys adspersa and some Liolaemus for life on aeolian sand, and Phymaturus and some
o
Year
Liolaemus for life among the crevices in outcrops of boulders. Only one species of Liolaemus iscommonly found on trees.Clearly the large number of species, the great range in latitude and elevation, the occurrence ofmultiple syntopic species in many regions, and the great diversity in characteristics such as body size,morphology, c6et, reproductive mode, and microhabitat selection insures that these lizards will be thesubjects of biologicaJ investigations for many years to come. Our purpose in preparing this hst ofvalid names and synonymies, and bibliography is to help facilitate those studies.Content & How to Use Tms Bibliography
The bibliography contains references written in English, French, German, Italian, Latin,Portuguese, and Spanish, and spans about three centuries of research. We made every effort to locatethe original work for each citation in an attempt to avoid the errors associated with copyingbibliographies from secondary sources. We also attempted to include the full citations for thereferences rather than to use abbreviations; however, in a few cases we were unable to locate theprimary reference and thus had to rely on citations from other resources. Originally, this bibliographyincluded 43 secondary references in which only earlier works were cited, and 1 14 citations ofpublished abstracts of papers given at meetings. Because of page hmitations, these citations havebeen removed. Despite our attempts to make this bibliography as error-free and comprehensive aspossible, undoubtedly we have made mistakes and missed some citations. With the help of ourcolleagues we hope that we can remedy this shortfall and keep the list up to date by receiving noticesor reprints of work relating to this fascinating group of lizards. This hst, in an electronic format(contact first author for web address), will be updated as new references are receivedThe references are ordered alphabetically, by the last name of the first author, and next by theyear the paper was published. In cases of multiple authorship, the same principle above follows, withthe citations listed by the second author's last name and so forth. Because publication dates aresometimes not the same as print dates, some citations are followed by a year in brackets (e.g.,[1991]). In such instances, the year for the reference should be cited (or searched for) using thepublication date not the bracketed print date.A "t.d." before a species name in an annotation indicates that the reference is the source of theoriginal type description for a given taxon. The spelling of taxa in annotations follows theorthography of the publications cited and no assumptions were made regarding the current identity ofthese taxa. Users should refer to the Taxonomy section for synonomys and current useage.Annotations are lacking for many shorter publications for which the contents are explicitly stated inthe title.We are aware that the utility of this bibliography would be greatly enhanced by the addition ofone or more indexes. We hope that future editions may include indexes, and encourage those who areinterested m particular aspects of liolaemine biology (e.g., behavior, life history, taxonomy, etc.) toprepare indexes for their topics of interest and share them with our fellow researchers.AcknowledgmentsMany of our colleagues and friends assisted by sending their references or reprints and, wereit not for their efforts, assembling this bibliography would have been much more difficult. Amongthem, we would hke to thank Luciano Avila, Dan Blackburn, Fehx Cruz, Kevin de Queiroz, LeeFitzgerald, Ligia Krause, Fernando Lobo, Ricardo Montero, Jimmy McGuire, Scott Moody, HermanNunez, Martha Raim'rez Pinilla, Fred Rocha, Miguel Rodriguez, Kurt Schwenk, Norm Scott, LauraVega, Van Wallach, and Jorge Williams. We would like to extend a special thanks to Jorge Wilhamswho allowed us to incorporate numerous citations from a similar bibhography that he was preparing.We thank Heather Powell and the hbrarians directing die interiibrary loan services at San Diego StateUniversity and at the University of Nevada, Reno for helping us to procure some of the moredifficult-to-obtain references. Carrie Carreno, Fernando Lobo, and Heather Powell helped to checkearlier versions of the bibliography for errors. During the preparation of this bibhography, the juniorauthor was supported by a Porter Fellowship from the American Society of Physiologists and theBiological Resources Research Center at the University of Nevada, Reno.
Species and Subspecies of Liolaeminae: Valid and Invalid Names
All published names for species and subspecies of Liolaeminae are listed here. Following the taxonomy ofEtheridge (1995). the genera Ctenoblepharys, Liolaemus, and Phymaturus are recognized. Species and subspeciesconsidered valid, or whose status is uncertain, are pnnted in boldface. Synonyms are followed by a reference to thefu-st published proposal of the synonomy. Names subject to taxonomic changes since 1980, such as new combinationsand revivals of taxa formerly in synonomy, are followed by an appropnate reference.Ctenoblepharys TSCHUDI, 1845
Subsequent to the descnption oi Ctenoblepharys adspersa. 12 species, including 15 specific names, weredescribed in or transferred to this genus, but all were referred to Liolaemus by Etheridge (1995). Thus, only one sptecies
is recognized.
adspersa TSCHUDI, 1845 Liolaemus WIEGMANN, 1834
This list includes all of the species that are now, or have been, recognized under the following generic andsubgeneric names: Abas NUNEZ and YANEZ, 1984; Austrolaemus LAURENT, 1995; Ceiolaemus LAURENT, 1984;Chrysosaurus GAY 1848; Ctenoblepharys TSCHUDI, 1845 (except C. adspersa, the type species); EulaemusGIRARD, 1857; Liolaemus WIEGMANN, 1834; Liodeira FITZINGER, 1843; Ortholaemus GERARD, 1857;Pelusaurus DONOSO-BARROS, 1973; Phrynosaura WERNER, 1907; Ptychodeira FITZINGER, 1843; RhytidodeiraGIRARD, 1857; Velosaura NUNEZ and YANEZ. 1984; and. Vilcunia DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1981. For thepurpose of this list, all of these names except Ctenoblepharys are considered synonyms of Liolaemus. Species ofLiolaemus have also been described in, or referred to the genera Proctotretus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837;Leiosaurus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837, Stenocercus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837; Calotes CUVIER, 1817;
and. Tropidurus WIED-NEUWIED, 1825.
abaucan ETHERIDGE, 1993
affinis GIRARD. 1858 (substitute name for fitzingerii BELL. 1843)albiceps LOBO and LAURENT, 1995alticolor BARBOUR. 1909alticolor walkeri - see walkeri
altissimus MULLER and HELLMICH. 1932 (= bellii fi^ ORTIZ. 1981)andinus (valid 6^ LAURENT, 1982)andinus andinus KOSLOWSKY, 1895andinus poecilochromus LAURENT, 1986 (new combination fi^ LAURENT, 1992)anomalusanomalus anomalus KOSLOWSKY, 1896anomalus ditadai CEI. 1983annectens - see signifer annectensaraucaniensis - see bellii araucaniensisarcheforus DONOSO-BARROS and CEI. 1971archeforus gallardoi - see gallardoiarcheforus sarmientoi ? see sarmientoiargentinus - see pictus argentinusarenaria WERNER. 1910 (= magellanicus fi^ DONOSO-BARROS, 1970)ater - see zapallarensis ateratacamensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 (species sums fidte SIMONETTI and NUNEZ,1986)
audUuvelatus NfUNEZ and YA5JEZ, 1983austromendocinus CEI, 1974aymararum - seejamesi aymararumbaguali CEI and SCOLARO, 1983 (species status to SCOLARO and CEI, 1997)beaglii GIRARD, 1858 (substitute name for multimaculatus BELL, 1843)belliibelli bellii GRAY, 1845belUi araucaniensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932bellii moradoensis HELLMICH, 1950bellii neuquensis - see neuquensisbibronii BELL, 1843bisignatus PHILIPPl, 1860bitaeniatus LAURENT, 1984bolivianus PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= sj^ni/er fide HELLMICH, 1962)boulengeri KOSLOWSKY, 1898brattstroemi - see cyanogaster brattstroemibuergeri WERNER, 1907calchaqui LOBO and KRETZSCHMAR, 1996campanae - see nigroviridis campanaecanqueli CEI, 1975 (species status to ETHERIDGE, 1993)
capillitas HULSE, 1979c?7 DONOSO-BARROS, 1971chacoensis SHREVE, 1948chiliensis LESSON, 1830chillanensis - see monticola chillanensis
chiloeensis - see pictus chiloeensis
chlorostictus - see orientalis chlorostictuscoeruleus CEI and ORTIZ, 1983conspersus GRAVENHORST, 1838 (= nigromaculatus to BOULENGER, 1885)constanzae DONOSO-BARROS, 1961copiapensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933courtyi [variabilis courtyi] PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= multiformis to HELLMICH, 1962; = signiferfide LAURENT, 1992)cranwelli DONOSO-BARROS, 1973crequii [variabilis crequii] PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= multiformis to HELLMICH, 1962; = signiferfide LAURENT, 1992)
cristiani NUNEZ. NAVARRO, and LOYOLA, 1991curicensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938cutis NUNEZ and LABRA, 1985cuyanus CEI and SCOLARO, 1980cyanogastercyanogaster cyanogaster DUMERJL and BIBRON, 1837cyanogaster brattstroemi DONOSO-BARROS, 1961darwinii BELL, 1843disjunctus LAURENT, 1990donosobarrosi CEI, 1974donosoi ORTIZ, 1975 (= constanzae to VELOSO, SALLABERRY, NAVARRO, ITURRA,VALENCIA. PENNA, and DIAZ, 1982)dorbignyi KOSLOWSKY, 1898duellmani CEI. 1978elegans TSCHUDI, 1845 {- lemniscatus f^ROUX, 1907)eleodori CEI, ETHERIDGE, and VEDELA, 1983elongatus KOSLOWSKY, 1896elongatus petrophilus - see petrophilus
emmae DONOSO-BARROS, 1970 (= chacoensis fi^e CEI, 1980)erroneus NUNEZ and YANEZ 1983-84erythrogasier WERNER. 1898 (=fuscus to MULLER and HELLMICH. 1933)escarchadosi SCOLARO and CEI, 1997etheridgei LAURENT, 1998exploratorum CEI and WILLIAMS, 1984fabiani YA5fEZ and NUNEZ. 1983famatinae CEI, 1980femoratus GERARD, 1854 (= /cm?wcarttj fide BOULENGER. 1885)fittkaui LAURENT, 1986fitzgeraldi BOULENGER, 1899fuzingerii DUMERIL and BIBRON. 1837fitzingerii canqueli - see canquelifitzroii GIRARD, 1858 (substitute name for wiegmannii BELL. 1843)forsteri LAURENT, 1982fuscus BOULENGER, 1885gallardoi CEI and SCOLARO, 1982 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997)gleischi AHL, 1924 (= occipitalis fi^ MERTENS, 1938)goetschi MULLER and HELLMICH. 1938 (= fitzingerii melanops te CEI and SCOLARO.1977; = melanops melanops to CEI and SCOLARO, 1983)gracilis BELL, 1843gravenhorstii GRAY, 1845griseus LAURENT. 1984hatcheri STEJNEGER, 1909 (= magellanicus fide DONOSO-BARROS. 1970; valid fideETHERIDGE. 1998)hieroglyphicus GRAVENHORST. 1838 (= /em^wcafuj fi^ BOULENGER, 1885)hellmichi DONOSO-BARROS, 1975heliodermis ESPINOZA, LOBO and CRUZ, 2000hernani SALLABERRY, NUNEZ and YANEZ, 1982huacahuasicus LAURENT, 1985inconspicuus GRAY, 1845 (= nigromaculatus ^BOULENGER, 1885)insolitus CEI and PEFAUR, 1982intermedius DUMERIL and BIBRON. 1837 (= cyanogaster fi^BOULENGER. 1885)irregularis LAURENT, 1986isabelae NAVARRO and NUNEZ, 1993islugensisislugensis islugensis ORTIZ and MARQUTT, 1987islugensis erguetae LAURENT, 1995jamesijamesi jamesi BOULENGER. 1891jamesi aymararum VELOSO, SALLABERRY, NAVARRO, ITURRA. VALENCIA,PENNA, and DIAZ. 1982 (new combinauon fi^ LAURENT. 1995)jamesi pachecoi LAURENT, 1995juanortizi YOUNG-DOWNEY and MORENO, 1992kingii BELL, 1843koslowskyi ETHERIDGE, 1993kriegi MULLER and HELLMICH, 1939kuhlmanni MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933lativittatus WERNER, 1904 (? = alticolor fide MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938)laurenti ETHERIDGE. 1992lemniscatus GRAVENHORST. 1837lentus GALLARDO, 1966 (= anomalus fide CEI, 1979)lenzi BOETTGER, 1891 (= multiformis fi^ BURT and BURT, 1931; = signifer fide LAURENT,1992)
leopardinus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932lineatus GRAVENHORST, 1837 (= nitidus ^cBOULENGER, 1885)lineatus GRAY, 1845 (= bibronii ^BOULENGER, 1885)lineomaculatus BOULENGER, 1885loreqzmulleri HELLMICH, 1950lutzae MERTENS, 1938maculatus GRAY, 1845 (= tenuis fide BOULENGER, 1885)major - see pictus majormagellanicus HOMBRON and JACQUINOT, 1847maldonadae NUNEZ, NAVARRO, and LOYOLA, 1991marmoratus GRAVENHORST, 1838 (= nitidus fide BOULENGER. 1885)marmoratus PHILIPPI, 1860 (= nitidus fi^ ORTIZ and NUNEZ, 1986)marmorafuj BURMEISTER, 1861 {^tniimtd pseudoanomalus CE\, 1981)melanogaster LAURENT, 1998melanopleurus PHILIPPI, 1860 (? = darwinii fi^ BOULENGER, 1885; status uncertain fideORTIZ and NUNEZ, 1986)melanops BURMEISTER, 1888melanops xanthoviridis - see xanthoviridismicropholis WERNER, 1910 (? = bouleneeri fide PETERS and DONOSO-BARROS, 1970)micropunctatus [tenuis micropunctatus] GOETSCH and HELLMICH, 1932 (nomen nudum fortenuis puctatissimus)minor - see nigroviridis minormocquardi PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= omatus fide LAURENT, 1992)modestus PHILIPPI, 1860 (= chiliensis fide BOULENGER, 1885; = altissimus fide MULLERand HELLMICH, 1933; status uncertain fide ORTIZ and NUNEZ 1986)montanus KOSLOWSKY, 1898monticolamonticola monticola MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932monticola chillanensis MLfLLER and HELLMICH, 1932monticola villaricensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932moradoensis - see bellii moradoensismorio GAY, 1848 (=p/c/(/5 fide DONOSO-BARROS, 1966)mosaicus HOMBRON and JACQUINOT, 1847 (= lemmscatus fi^ BOULENGER, 1885)multicolor KOSLOWSKY, 1898 (valid fide LAURENT, 1982)multiformis COPE, 1876 (= signifer fi^ LAURENT, 1992)muWmacu/afus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837multimaculatus riojanus - see riojanusneuquensis MTJLLER and HELLMICH, 1939 (species status fide VBDELA and CEI, 1996)neveui [variabilis neveui] PELLEGRIN. 1909 (= multiformis fide HELLMICH, 1962; = signiferfide LAURENT, 1992)niger HALLOWELL, 1856 (? = tenuis punctatissimus ^.^ElERS and DONOSO-BARROS,1970)nigriceps PHILIPPI, 1860nigroroseus - see nigroviridis nigroroseusnigromaculatus WIEGMANN, 1834nigroviridis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 (all subspecies invalid fide NUNEZ andJAKSIC, 1992)nigroviridis campanae HELLMICH, 1950 (= nigroviridis fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992)
nigroviridis minor MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 (= nigroviridis fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC,1992)nigroviridis nigroroseus DONOSO-BARROS, 1966 (= constanzae fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC,1992)nUidus -WIEGMANN, 1834
8
occipUalis BOULENGER, 1885olivaceus WEEGMANN, 1834 (= c/?7ieniij fijfc FTTZINGER, 1843)olongasta ETHERIDGE, 1993orientalis [annectens orientalis] MULLER, 1924 (= multiforwis simonsii fide BURT and BURT,1931; valid species fide LAURENT, 1992)orientalis orientalis MULLER, 1924orientalis chlorostictus LAURENT, 1993ornatus KOSLOWSKY, 1898
ortizi LAURENT, 1982oxycephalus WIEGMANN, 1834 (= nigromaculatus fids BOULENGER, 1885)pachecoi - ste jamesi pachecoipagaburoi LOBO and ESPINOZA, 1999pallidus PHILIPPI, 1860 (= nigromaculatus fi^ BOULENGER, 1885; = melanopleurus fideORTIZ and NUNEZ, 1986)pantherinus PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= signifer fi^ LAURENT, 1992; valid species ficjg NUNEZand JAKSIC, 1992)patriciaUurrae NAVARRO and NUNEZ. 1993paulinae DONOSO-BARROS. 1961penglacialis CEI and SCOLARO. 1982 (= /lafc/ien fide ETHERIDGE, 1998)petrophilus DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1971 (species status fide CEI and AVILA. 1996)pictuspictus pictus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837pictus argentinus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1939pictus chiloeensis MULLER and HELLMICH. 1939pictus major BOULENGER, 1885pictus talcanensis URBANA and ZUNGIA, 1977platei WERNER, 1898platei curicensis - see curicensispleopholis LAURENT, 1998poecilochromus - see andinus poecilochromuspolystictus LAURENT. 1992prasinus COPE. 1868 (= pictus fide BOULENGER. 1885)proximus WERNER. 1904 (= TOigeZ/awjcuj fisk HELLMICH. 1934)pseudoanomalus CEI. 1981 (substitute name for marmoratus BURMEISTER. 1861)pseudolemniscatus LAMBOROT and ORTLJ. 1990ptychopleurus LICHTENSTEIN. 1856 (= tenuis fi^ DONOSO-BARROS. 1966)punctatissimus - see tenuis punctatissimuspulcher PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= ornatus fide LAURENT, 1992; = pantherinus fide NUNEZ andJAKSIC, 1992)pulcherrimus LAURENT, 1993puritamensis NUNEZ and FOX, 1989 (= dorbignyi fi^ NUNEZ, 1992)quilmes ETHERIDGE, 1993rabinoi CEI, 1974ramirezae LOBO and ESPINOZA. 1999ramonensis MULLER and HELLMICH. 1932 (species status fi^ NUNEZ and JAKSIC. 1992)reichei WERNER, 1907riojanus CEI. 1979 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1992)robertmertensi HELLMICH, 1964robustus LAURENT, 1992rosenmanni NUNEZ and NAVARRO, 1992rothi KOSLOWSKY, 1898ruibali DONOSO-BARROS, 1961
ruizleali DONOSO-BARROS and CEI. 1971 (= rothi fide CEI and SCOLARO. 1987)salinicola LAURENT. 1986
sanjuanensis CEI, 1982sarmientoi DONOSO-BARROS. 1973 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997)saxatUis AVILA, CEI, MARTORI, and ACOSTA, 1992scapularis LAURENT, 1982schmidti MARX, 1960schroederi MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938sieversi - see zapallarensis sieversisignifersignifer signifer DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837signifer annectens BOULENGER, 1901 (new combination fide LAURENT, 1992)silvai ORTIZ, 1989simonsii BOULENGER, 1902 (= ornatus fi^ LAURENT, 1992)somuncurae CEI and SCOLARO, 1981 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997)stantoni GIRARD, 1854 (= gravenhorstii fidb DONOSO-BARROS, 1969)stolzmanni STEINDACHNER, 1891sylvanae DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1971tacnae SHREVE, 1941 (transferred to Liolaemus LAURENT, 1992)talcanensis - see pictus talcanensistari SCOLARO and CEI, 1997tenuis DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837tenuis punctatissimus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 (= tenuis fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC,1992)tenuis micropunctatus GOETSCH and HELLMICH, 1932 (nomen nudum for tenuispunctatissimus)thermarum VIDELA and CEI, 1996thomasi LAURENT, 1998tristis SCOLARO and CEI, 1997tropidonotus BOULENGER, 1902 (= multiformis fidb BURT and BURT, 1931; =sismfer fideLAURENT, 1992)unicolor GRAVENHORST, 1837 (= nitidus fide BOULENGER, 1885)uspallatensis MACOLA and CASTRO, 1982valdesianus HELLMICH, 1950 (species status fi^ NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992)vallecurensis PEREYRA, 1992variegatus LAURENT, 1984vWosoJ ORTIZ, 1987walkeri SHREVE, 1938 (valid species fide LAURENT, 1992)werneri MULLER, 1928 (= anomalus fide CEI, 1979)wiegmannii DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837williamsi LAURENT, 1992xanthoviridis CEI and SCOLARO. 1980 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1992)zapallarensiszapallarensis zapallarensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933zapallarensis ater MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933zapallarensis sieversi DONOSO-BARROS, 1954zonatus [signifer zonatus] KOSLOWSKY, 1898 (= signifer fide PETERS and DONOSO-BARROS, 1970; = ornatus fids LAURENT, 1986)zullyi CEI and SCOLARO, 1996
Phymaturus GRAVENHORST, 1838*
This list includes all of the species and subspecies names that are now, or have been recognized under the genericnames Phymaturus GRAVENHORST, 1838 and Centrum BELL, 1843. Phymaturus palluma also has appeared under
10
the generic names Cordylus MEYER 1795, Stellio LAURENTI, 1768; Oplurus CUVIER, 1829; Uracentron KAUP,1826; and Lucerta [for Lacerta] LINNEAUS, 1758. ?
antofagastensis PEREYRA, 1985bibroni GUICHENOT. 1848 (= palluma fide BOULENGER, 1885)daudini as Urocentron Daudini FITZINGER, 1843 (substitute name for Lacerta paluma MOLINA,1782)flagellifer BELL, 1843 (= palluma fide BOULENGER, 1885)indistinctus CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fi^ ETHERIDGE, 1995)mallimaccii CEI, 1980nevadoi CEI and CASTRO, 1975 (species status fi^ ETHERIDGE, 1995)palluma MOLINA, 1782patagonicus KOSLOWSKY, 1898patagonicus indistinctus - see indiscinctuspatagonicus nevadoi - see nevadoipatagonicus payuniae - see payuniaepatagonicus somuncurensis - see somuncurensispatagonicus zapalensis - see zapalensispayuniae CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fi(fc ETHERIDGE, 1995)punae CEI, ETHERIDGE, and VIDELA, 1983somuncurensis CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1995)spurcus BARBOUR. 1921 (= patagonicus fide BURT and BURT, 1931)zapalensis CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fids ETHERIDGE, 1995)
*Cei and Lescure (1985) stated that the species described as Lacerta palluma [original spelling Lucerta] byMolina (1782) is as senior synonym of the teiid hzard Callopistes maculatus GRAVENHORST 1838 [the correct date
is 1837]. If this assertion is correct, then Gravenhorst must have erred when he designated Lacerta palluma as the type
species of his new genus Phymaturus. His illustration is clearly that of the lizard that has been known as Phymaturuspalluma for over a century. Cei and Lescure (1985) were therefore led to revalidate the next available generic name,Centrura BELL, 1843, for all species referred to Phymaturus, and replace the binomial Phymaturus palluma withCentrura flagellifer BELL. 1843.In the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), published in 1985, Article 70.a requiresthat "If., a type species is considered to have been misidentified, the case is to be referred to the Commission todesignate as the type species whichever nominal species will in its judgment best serve stability and universality ofnomenclature, either the nominal species named in fixation, regardless of misidentification; or, by the use of the plenarypower [Art. 7a]."Cei (1993) stated that the 1985 ICZN was published after the 1985 work of Cei and Lescure. He designatedPhymaturus palluma sensu GRAVENHORST, 1837 (non Lacerta palluma MOLINA, 1782) as the type species ofPhymaturus and, because Gravenhorst's Phymaturus palluma is the same as Callopistes flagellifer BELL, 1843, heemployed the binomial Phymaturus flagellifer.Although we do not dispute the assertion that the species described by Molina (1782) as Lucerta palluma is
not the species that has been known as Phymaturus palluma for over a century, we believe our best course is tocontinue to use this name until the matter has been resolved bv the Commission according to the requirements ofArticle 70.5 of the 1 985 ICZN.
Bibliography
Abdala, F., F. Lobo, and G. Scrocchi. 1997. Patterns of ossification in the skeleton of Liolaemus quilmes (Iguania:Tropiduridae). Amphibia-Reptilia 18: 75-83.Achaval. F. 1977. Lista comentada de los reptiles que habitan en la zona de influencia de la represa de Salto Grande.Seminario Medio Ambiente y Represas, Montevideo 1: 173-181.
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Achdval, F. 1976. Lista de las especies de vertebrados del Uruguay. Museo Nacional de la Historia Natural,Montevideo, Publicaciones Extra 13: 1-53.Acosta, J. C, L. J. Avila, and G. Blanco. 1996. Ecologi'a de Liolaemus boulengeri (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en el
roroeste de la estepa patagonica (Ing. Jacobacci, Rio Negro, Argentina). Cuademos de Herpetologia 9(2): 100-107.
- examined distribution of body size, daily activity, and diet in Liolaemus boulengeri.Acosta, J. C, G. Blanco, and L. J. Avila. 1996. Organizaci6n espacial de una comunidad de saurios del sur de laprovincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Facena 12: 145-149.Acosta, J. C. and F. Munia. 1997. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus pseudoanomalus. Herpetological Review28(1): 51.
- record from San Juan Province, Deptamento Ullum, 12 km W San [sic? = San Juan] City on Loma de lasTapias Hill. Extends range approximately 67 km from Medanos Grandes, Departamento Caucete.Acosta, J. C. and F. Munia. 2000. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus riojanus. Herpetogical Review 31(1): 53..
- New record from San Juan Province.Acosta, J. C, F. Munia, and G. Ortiz. 1996. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus olongasta. Herpetogical Review27(1): 32.
- new record from San Juan Province, Departamento de Zonda.Acosta, J. C, F. Munia, and G. Ortiz. 1996. Primera cita de Liolaemus wiegmanni (Sauria: Tropiduridae) para laprovincia de San Juan, Argentina. Cuademos de Herpetologia 10(1-2): 74-75.
- new records from the departments of San Maru'n and Angaco (San Juan province), with notes on habitats andsympatric reptiles.Ahl, E. 1925. Neue Iguaniden aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Zoologischer Anzeiger 62 (3/4): 85-88.p. 88 - t.d. Liolaemus gleischi.Alay, F. and R. Sotomayor. 1971. Morfogenesis del complejo epifisial en Liolaemus gravenhorsti (Gray): Iguanidae.BoleU'n del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 32: 191-199.Albino, M. A. 1994. Estado actual del registrado de escamados extinguidos de America del Sur y sus implicaciaspaleoambientales. Cuademos de Herpetologia 8(1): 146-154.p. 150 - iguanid fossils from southern Patagonia are probably related to the Liolaemus group.Alvarez, B. B. and M. L. Lions. 1996. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus wiegmanni. Herpetological Review27(1): 32.
- record from Paraguay on Isla Yacyreta.Alvarez, B. B., M. E. Tedesco, and A. B. Hemando. 1988. Nota preliminar sobre la composicion y distribucion de lalacertofauna de Comentes, Chaco y Formosa (Argentina). Revista de la Asociacion de Ciencias Naturales deLitoral 19(1): 79-89.p. 85 - localities for Liolaemus chacoensis in northeastern Santiago del Estero and westem Chaco provinces.Amaral, A. do. 1938. Estudos sobre lacertilios neotropicos. 4. Lista remissiva dos lacertilios do Brasil. Memorias delInstituto Butantan 11(1937): 167-204-i-i-ix.p. 178 - lists Liolaemus gleischi; p. 179 - lists L. occipitalis and L. wiegmannii.Andersson, L. G. 1898. List of reptiles and batrachians collected by the Swedish Expedition to Tierra del Fuego (1895-1896) under direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskiold. Ofversigt af K. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhanfingar 1898(7):457-462.p. 461 - Liolaemus Gravenhorsti reported from Rio Grande; L. Bibroni from Patagonia; L. magellanicus fromRio Grande, Coyle, and Puerto Gallegos; L. lineomaculatus from Puerto Gallegos and Santa Cruz; L. Fitzingerifrom Puerto Madryn.Andersson, L. G. 1908. A remarkable new gecko from South-Africa and a new Stenocercus-s^iecics, from South-America in the Natural Museum in Wiesbaden. Jahrbiicher des Nassauichen Vereins fiir Naturkunde 61: 299-306.p. 302 - Liolaemus signifer, p. 303 - L. cyanogaster and L. lativittatus
.
Andrews, R. M. 1998. Geographic variation in field body temperatures of Scc/oporu5 lizards. Joumal of ThermalBiology 23: 329-334.p. 333 - suggests that a comprehensive review of the thermal biology of Liolaemus would provide aninteresting contrast with that found for Sceloporus.Aquino, A. L., N. J. Scott, and M. Motte. 1996. Lista de anfibios y reptiles del Museo Nacional de Historia Naturaldel Paraguay (marzo 1980 - septiembre 1995). Pp. 331-400, in: MNHNP, Colecciones de fauna y flora delMuseo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Asunci6n, Paraguay.
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- locality reference for Liolaemus chacoensis at Estancia La Gama, Departamento Boqueron, Paraguay.Arana, M. 1983. Paisaje y medio ambiente. Algunas consideraciones sobre las irea costera en el Uruguay. Pg. 123,in: Consejo Latinoamencano de Ciencias y Social, Buenos Aires (ed.). Medio Ambiente y Turismo.Arnold, E. N. 1984. Variation in the cloacal and hemipenial muscles in lizards and its beanng on their relationships.Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 52: 47-85.p. 74 - Ctenoblepharis and Liolaemus said to have a strongly developed fleshy insertion on the sides of thehemipenis base, and this is discemable, albeit weaker, in.. Phymaturus. p. 81 - Observations based onLiolaemus multiformis. Phymaturus palluma, and a specimen of Liolaemus misidentified as Ctenoblepharysadspersus (pers. comm.).Arnold, E. N. 1988. Caudal autotomy as a defense. Pp. 135-273, in: C. Gans and R. B. Huey (eds.). Biology of theReptilia, Volume 16: Ecology B, Defense and Life History. Alan R. Liss, New York, xi-H659 pp.p. 243 - broken tails are more common in climbing than in ground-dwelling species: cites Jaksic and Fuentes(1980) for Chilean Liolaemus.Arujo, A. F. B. 1991. Structure of a white sand-dune lizard community of coastal Brazil. Revista Brasileira deBiologia 51(4): 857-865. [1992]
- Liolaemus lutzae is a member of the lizard community of Barra de Marica.Aun, L. and R. Martori. 1998. Reproducci6n y dieta de Liolaemus koslowskyi Etheridge 1993. Cuademos deHerpetologia 12(1): 1-9.Avery, R. A. 1982. Field studies of body temperatures and thermoregulation. Pp. 94-166, in: C. Gans and F. H.Rough (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 12: Physiology C, Physiological Ecology. Academic Press, NewYork, xvi-(-536 pp.p. 101 - table of species with relatively high, constant body temperature: cites Fuentes and Jaksic (1979) foreight Chilean species of Liolaemus and Pearson (1954) and Pearson and Bradford (1976) for L. multiformis.Avery, W. W. and D. F. Tanner. 1982. Buccal floor of reptiles, a summary. Great Basin Naturalist 42(3): 273-349.p. 278 - cite Gandolfi (1908) for Liolaemus tongue.Avila, L. J. 1995. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus saxatilis y comentarios sobre su distribuci6n. Facena 11: 105-108.Avila, L. J. 1996. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus bibroni. Herpetological Review 27(2): 87.
- first record for Departamento Calingasta, San Juan Province.Avila, L. J. 1996. Liolaemus donosobarrosi: ampliacion de su distribucion geografica y primera cita para la provinciade Neuquen. Cuademos de Herpetologia 9(2): 109-110.
- fu^t record for Neuquen Province, Departamento Zapala at Cerro Bandera.Avila, L. J. 1996. Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus: ampliaci6n de su distribucion geografica y primera cita para laprovincia de Neuquen. Facena 12: 139-140.
- new species from Isla Yacireta is similar to Liolaemus wiegmannii.Avila, L. J. and J. C. Acosta. 1993. Notas sobre el comportamiento de Liolaemus darwini (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en el
sur de la Provincia de Mendoza. Facena 10: 57-61.
- diet consists primarily of ants and beetles.Avila, L. J. and J. C. Acosta. 1996. Evaluacion del estado de conservacion de la fauna de saurios anfisbenidos yanfibios de la provincia de C6rdoba (Argentina). Facena 12: 77-92.Avila, L. J., J. C. Acosta. and A. F. Murua. 1998. Herpetofauna de la provincia de San Juan, Argentina: listacomentada y distribucion geogrifica. Cuademos de Herpetologia 12(1): 1 1-29.
- listed are Phymaturus flagellifer, P. punae, Liolaemus anomalies, L. bibroni, L. boulengeri, L. chacoensis,L. darwinii. L. eleodori, L. elongatus elongatus. L. fitzgeraldi, L. gracilis. L. laurenti, L. olongasta, L.pseudoanomalus, L. riojanus, L. sanjuanensis, L. uspallatensis, and L. wiegmannii.Avila, L. J., J. M. Cei, R. A. Martori, and J. A. Acosta. 1992. A new species of Liolaemus of the bibroni groupfrom granitic ravines of Achiras, Sierra de Comechingones, C6rdoba, Argentina (Reptilia, Tropiduridae).BoUettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Nattirali. Torino 10(1): 101-111.p. 103 - t.d. Liolaemus saxatilis.Avila, L. J. and F. Lobo. 1999. New lizard records for La Rioja and Catamarca Provinces, northwestern Argentina.Herpetological Review 30(2): 1 15-1 17.p. 1 16 - northern range extension for Liolaemus elongatus in Catamarca Province, many new records for Lrobertmertensi, and a new record for L bitaeniatus from Catamarca Province.
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Avila, L. J. and M. Mariana. 1998. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus melanops. Herpetological Review 29(3):174-175.p. 174 - new record for La Pampa Province, Argentina.Avila, L. J., M. Morando, and D. R. Perez. 1999. Geographic distribution. Phymaturus patagonica. HerpetologicalReview 30(3): 174.
- northern record for Argentina in Rfo Negro Province.Avila, L. J., J. W. Pnotto, and M. Morando. 1997. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus saxatilis. HerpetologicalReview 28(2): 96.
- first record for San Luis Province in Departamento Coronel Pringles (10 km west of La Toma); a westernrange extension of ca. 75 km from the type locality.Avila, L. J. and E. Soto. 1997. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus fitzgeraldi. Herpetological Review 28(2): 96.
- first record for Region IV?Coquimbo, Chile (33(X) m) which extends the range 150 km north from typelocality.Barbosa, O. R. and C. A. Mandarim de Lacerda. 1991. Relative size of the hearts in Liolaemus lutzae Mertens 1938(Sauria: Tropiduridae). Annales de Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologic Animale 12(4): 191-196.Barbosa, O. R., A. M. D. Silva, and C. A. Mandarim de Lacerda. 1993. Compared morphology of the heart and majorvessels in lizards of the Tropiduridae family from the Restinga de Barra de Marica, Rio de Janeiro. Anais DaAcademia Brasilera de Ciencias 65(4): 413-426.Barbour, T. 1909. Some new South American cold-blooded vertebrates. Proceedings of the New England ZoologicalClub 4: 47-52.p. 5 1 - t.d. Liolaemus alticolor.Barbour, T. 1921. On a small collection of reptiles from Argentina. Proceedings of the Biological Society ofWashington 34: 139-142.p. 139 - t.d. Phymaturus spurcus.Bartholomew, G. A. 1959. Photoperiodism in reptiles. Publications of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science 1959(55): 669-676.Bartholomew, G. A. 1982. Physiological control of body temperanire. Pp. 167-211, in: C. Gans and F. H. Pough(eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 12: Physiology C, Physiological Ecology. Academic Press, New York,xvi+536 pp.p. 181 - cites Pearson (1977) for Liolaemus multiformis heating in sunlight.Baudoin, W., M. J. Pacheco, and L. Pacheco. 1990. Reptiles. Pp. 421-452, in: E. Porno and M. Boudoin (eds.),Historia natural de un valle en los Andes: La Paz. Servicio Grafico Quipus, La Paz, xii+559 pp.p. 429 - Liolaemus alticolor alticolor, L. a. walkeri, L. forsteri, and L. multiformis; p. 431 - color photos ofL. alticolor and L. a. walker, p. 436 - color photos of L. multiformis; p. 430-33 - ecology and distribution of L.
alticolor (4000-4800 m); p. 433-37 - ecology and distribution of L a. walkeri (3000-3800 m); p. 437-39 -ecology and distribution of L. multiformis (4300-4800 m).Bauer, A. M. 1993. African-South American relationships: a perspective from the Reptilia. Pp. 244-288, in: P.Goldblan (ed.). Biological relationships between Africa and South America. Yale University Press, New Haven.p. 276 - "Africa has no counterparts to the anoles or Liolaemus..."Becak. M. L., W. Becak, L. F. Napolene, and L. Reis. 1973. Contribu9ao ao estudo cariotipico e variacao de DNA emLacertilios. Ciencia e Culmra (Sao Paulo) (Supl.) 25: 219.Beccaceci, M. D. 1998. Natural Patagonia: Argentina and Chile. Pangaea Press, Saint Paul, Minnesota, xii-i- 124 pp.p. 59 - Liolaemus lizards are the most common reptiles of the Andean-Patagonian region.Bee de Speroni, N. T., M. R. Cabrera, and L. Manca. 1984. Consideraciones sobre la osteologia craneal, hioides,estem6n y lengua de Phymaturus palluma (Molina, 1782) (Sauria, Iguanidae). Historia Natural (Corrientes,Argentina) 3(24): 197-212.Bell,!. 1843. Part V, Reptiles. /?: C. Darwin (ed. and superint.). The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle,under command of Captain Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Smith, Elder & Co., London, vi-i-55pp.p. 4 - t.d. Proctotretus gracilis; p. 6 - t.d. Proctotretus Bibronii; p. 13 - t.d. Proctotretus Kingii; p. 14 - t.d.Proctotretus Darwinii; p. 25 - t.d. Centrura, Centrura flagellifer.Bellairs, A. d'A. 1957. Reptiles. Hutchinson's University Library, Biological Sciences, London, 195 pp.p. 133 - Liolaemus can withstand very severe climates in Tierra del Fuego and to 15,0(X) feet in themountains of Peru.
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Bellairs, A. d'A. 1970. The life of reptiles. Volume 1, Universe Books, New York, xi+590 pp.p. 42 - Liolaemus multiformis lives at over 4572 m (15,000 feet) in the Andes of southern Peru; p. 230 -
cites Pearson (1954) that L multiformis can raise its body temperature to 31 ?C by basking even though the airtemperature is near ?C.Bellairs, A. d'A. and J. Attridge. 1975. Repiles. Hutchinson University Library, London. Revised Edition, 240 pp.Bellairs, A. d'A. and S. V. Bryant. 1985. Autotomy and regeneration in reptiles. Pp. 301-410, i>j: Gans, C. and F.Billett (eds). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development B. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x+729pp.p. 348 - cite Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for 77.2% incidence of autotomy in Liolaemus nigroviridis.Bellairs, A. d'A. and A. M. Kamal. 1981. The chondrocranium and the development of the skull in Recent reptiles.Pp. 1-263, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 11: Morphology F. AcademicPress, New York, xii-475 pp.p.86 - cite Bom (1879) for nasal capsule of Liolaemus pictus.Beltrami, M and S. J. Iturri. 1994. Seasonal variations in intestinal uptake of nutrients in the Chilean lizardLiolaemus nitidus (Iguanidae). The effect of thyroxine (T-4). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology107A(3): 581-587.Berg, C. 1884. Reptiles. In: C. L. Holmberg, Viajes al La Tandil, and a La Tinta (eds.). Acta Acad. C6rdoba 5: 93-96.Berg, C. 1898. Contribuciones a conocimiento de la fauna erpetol6gica argentina y de ios paises limitrofes. Anales delMuso Nacional de Histona Natural de Buenos Aires 6(2?; 3): 1-35.p. 4 - Liolaemus chilensis from Neuquen; p. 5 - L. cyanogaster from Neuqu^n; p. 6 - L. Fitzingeri fromPatagonia and Catamarca; considers L. melanops a synonym.Berg, C. 1901. Herpetological notes. Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 1(8): 289-291.Bertolotto, C. E. V. 1999. Uniformidade e variabilidade cariou'pica em 14 epecies de laganos das familiasPolychrotidae e Tropiduridae. Disserta^ao (Mestrado) Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SaoPaulo, 178 pp.Bertolotto, C. E. V., M. T. Rodrigues, G. Skuk, and Y. Yonenaga-Yassuda. 1996. Comparative cytogenetic analysiswith differential staining in three species oi Liolaemus (Squamata, Tropidundae). Hereditas 125(2-3): 257-264.
- Liolaemus alticolor 2n = 30, 12M + 18m; L. capillitas 2n = 32, 12M + 20m; L. platei curicense 2n = 34,12M+22m; L. nigromaculatus 2n = 40, 16M + 24m; L. platei platei 2n = 42, 16M + 26M; L. m. monticola2n = 38, 14M + 24m or 2n = 39, 15M + 24m or 2n = 40, 16M + 24m; Liolaemus occipitalis, L. lutzae and L.wiegmannii have 2n = 34 chromosomes, with similar karyotypes and XX-XY sex determination; bandingpanems are reported. Pair 7 of L. lutzae is acrocentric, contra Gorman et al. (1967) who described it as
metacentric.Bertonatti, C. 1994. Lista propuesta de anfibios y reptiles amenazados de extinci6n. CuademosdeHerpetologi'a 8(1):164-171.p. 169 - lists Liolaemus altissimus, L. coeruleus, L. duellmani, L. exploratorum, L. kingii, L. rabinoi, L.sanjuanensis, and L. uspallatensis as potentially endangered in Argentina.Bertoni, A. de Winkelried. 1914. Fauna Paraguaya. Catalogos sistematicos de Ios vertebrados del Paraguay. Asuncion1-86.Blackburn, D. G. 1982. Evolutionary origins of vivipanty in the Reptilia. I. Sauria. Amphibia-Reptilia 3: 185-205.p. 187-188 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966) that among the Liolaemus for which reproductive data are available,most are live bearing. Phymaturus is soley viviparous, Ctenoblepharys nigriceps is viviparous, and C.reichei is oviparous.Blackburn, D. G. 1985. Evolutionary origins of viviparity in the Reptilia. II. Serpentes, Amphisbaenia, andIchthyosauria. Amphibia-Reptilia 5: 259-291.p. 271-272 - Vilcunia is viviparous (fide Cei and Scolaro, 1971), and may represent another independentorigin of viviparity within the Iguanidae.Blackburn, D. G. 1994. Discrepant usage of the term 'ovoviviparity' in the herpetological literature. HerpetologicalJournal 4: 65-72.
- suggests that squamates with prolonged egg retention such as Liolaemus tenuis (Lemus et al. 1981) shouldbe referred to as oviparous or as oviparous with egg retention.Blackburn, D. G. 1994. Standardized criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles.Copeia 1994(4): 925-935.
15
- measuring change in egg mass over the course of incubation (e.g., Lemus et al. 1984 for Liolaemus tenuis)
is a relatively unreliable means of determining embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles.Blackburn, D. G. 1995. Saltationist and punctuated equilibrium models for the evolution of viviparity andplacentation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 174: 199-216.
- appendix includes embryonic stage at deposition for Liolaemus tenuis from Lemus et al. (1981).Blackburn, D. G. 1998. Reconstructing the evolution of viviparity and placentation. Journal of Theoretical Biology192: 183-190.
- cites Ramirez Pinilla and Laurent (1996) for reproductive bimodality in Liolaemus alticolor and Espinoza[sic] et al. (1996, and pers. comm.) that the oviparous and viviparous forms are distinct species.Blair, W. F., A. C. Hulse, and M. A. Mares. 1976. Origins and affinities of vertebrates of the North AmericanSonoran Desert and the Monte Desert of northwestern Argentina. Journal of Biogeography 3: 1-18.p. 4 - Liolaemus darwini, L. goetschi, L. gracilis, L. marmoratus, L. robertmertensi, and three undescribedspecies are endemic to the Monte biotope.Blancas, S. F. 1959. Comunidades y campos de vida de Acolla y sus alrededores (Provincia de Jauja, Departamento deJunin) con estudio especial de los vertebrados. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado" 7: 160 pp.p. 73-74 - Liolaemus lemniscatus.Blob, R. W. 1998. Evaluation of vent-position from lizard skeletons for estimation of snout-vent length and bodymass. Copeia 1998(3): 792-801.p. 799 - Liolaemus alticolor and Phymaturus patagonicus included in study.Boettger, O. 1885. Liste von Reptilien un Batrachiem aus Paraguay. Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissemshaft 58: 213, 148.Boettger, O. 1885. Bertchitgung der Liste von Reptilien und Amphibien am Paraguay. Zeitschrift fiirNaturwissenschaft 58: 436-437.Boettger, O. 1891. Reptilien und Batrachier aus Bolivia. Zoologischer Anzeiger 14: 343-347.p. 344 - t.d. Liolaemus lenzi.Boettger, O. 1893. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschended Gesellschaftim Frankfurt am Maim. I. Teir (Rhynchocephalen, Shildkroten, Krocodile, Eidechsen, Chamaleons). Gebriider,Knauer, Frankfurt a. M. 1-140.p. 61 - lists Liolaemus chilensis, L. lenzi, L. tenuis, and L. wiegmanni.Bogert, C. M. 1975. How reptiles regulate their body temperature. Pg. 245, in: Readings from Scientific American:Vertebrate structure and function. N. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA.Bohler, E. and P. Miiller. 1970. Bemerkungen zur Variabilitat von LJo/aem?.y occipte/w. Salamandra 6(3/4): 130-131.p. 130 - variation in scale counts around midbody and number of femoral pores is bimodally distributed; scalecounts range in both sexes = 65-76; femoral pores 6-9 (n = 41 females and 23 males).Bohme, W. 1988. Zur Genitalmorphologie der Sauna: functionelle und stammesgeschichtliche Aspekte. BonnerZoologische Monographien 27: 1-176.Bom, G. 1879. Die Nasenhohlen und der Thranennasengang der amnioten Wirbelthier. I. Morphologisches Jahrbuch5:62-140.
- describes nasal capsule of Liolaemus pictus.Bosso, A., J. C. Chebez, E. Haene, and M. J. Soli's. 1990. Notas sobre los anfibios y reptiles de la selva de Montiel,Dept. Federal, Prov. de Entre Rios, Argentina. Amphibia - Reptilia (Conservacion). Fundacion Viada SilvestreArgentina 1(6): 120-124.Bottari, C. V. 1975. Poblaciones altitudinarias aisladas de Liolaemus elongatus del Volcan Payiin Liso relacionestaxoserol6gicas y biogeograficas con el conjunto elongatus-austromendocinus del Sureste arido de Mendoza.Deserta (Mendoza) 4(1973-74): 185-194.Bottari, C. V. 1975. Sobre la presencia de Liolaemus magellanicus en Tierra del Fuego, Argentina (ReptiliaIguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(89): 211-213.Bottari, C. V. 1975. Curiosa distribucion de nuevas nichus ecologicos de origen, antropico en los saurios de ambientescosteros del Chubut, Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(88): 111-1 12.
- Liolaemus fitzingerii studied.Boulenger, G. A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition, London, 2:
xiii-i-497 pp.p. 136 - Ctenoblepharis. C. adspersus; p. 137 - Helocephalus, H. nigriceps; p. 138-140 - Liolaemus, key to
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22 species; p. 144 - t.d. Liolaemus fuscus; p. 149 - t.d. Liolaemus lineomaculatus; p. 152 - t.d. Liolaemuspictus Var. major, p. 184 - Phymaturus, P. palluma. ,Boulenger, G. A. 1885. A list of reptiles and batrachians from the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, sent to theNatural-History Museum by Dr. H. von Ihering. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (5)15(87):191-196.p. 191 - t.d. Liolaemus occipitalis.Boulenger, G. A. 1885. Remarks on the geographical distribution of the Lacertilia. Annals and Magazme of NaturalHistory, London (5)16(92): 77-85.p. 80 - Liolaemus magellanicus has penetrated to the Straits of Magellan.Boulenger, G. A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul Brazil. Annalsand Magazine of Natural History, London (5)18(108): 423-445.p. 425 - Liolaemus mcluded in key to iguanid genera of the region; p. 426 - L. occipitalis listed.Boulenger, G. A. 1 89 1 . Descnption of a new lizard of the genus Ctenoblepharis from Chili. Proceedings of theZoological Society of London 1891(1): 3.p. 3 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis jamesi.Boulenger, G. A. 1892. Mr. Boulenger exhibited an Iguana with reproduced tail, and made the following remarks.Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London [ 1 89 1 ] 4: 466-467
.
p. 467 - some Liolaemus have reproduced tails that are striped; regenerated tails oi Liolaemus havequincuncially arranged scales.Boulenger, G. A. 1895. Second report on additions to the lizard collection in the Natural-History Museum.Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894(4): 722-736.p. 723 - lists Ctenoblepharis jamesii from Tarapaca, Chile.Boulenger, G. A. 1898. A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Bolivia. AnnaliMuseo Civico di Storia Naturale Geneva (2)19: 128-133.p. 128 - Liolaemus multiformis listed from Chililaya on Lake Titicaca.Boulenger. G. A. 1899. Part ID. Reptiles. Pp. 1-390, m: E. A. FitzGerald (ed.). The highest Andes. Methuen andCo., London.p. 355 - Phymaturus palluma listed from Puente del Inca (8930 feet); t.d. and figure Liolaemus fitzgeraldi fromPuente del Inca (8930 feet); L. nigromaculatus listed from Tupungato Valley.Boulenger, G. A. 1901. Further descriptions of new reptiles collected by Mr. P. O. Simons in Peru and Bolivia.Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (7)7(42): 546-549.p. 546 - t.d. Liolaemus annectens.Boulenger, G. A. 1902. Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Annals andMagazine of Natural History, London (7)10(59): 394-402.p. 397 - t.d. Liolaemus tropidonotus; p. 398 - t.d. Liolaemus Simonsii.Brenner, W. 1971. Terrestnal leguan of the genus Liolaemus. Monatsschrift fiir Omithologie und VivarienkundeAusgabe B. Aquarien Terranen 18(12): 381.Brygoo, E. R. 1989. Les types d'Iguanides (Reptiles, Saunens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Cataloguecntique. Bulletin Museum National d'Histone Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4(11), Sec. A(3) supplement: 1-112.
- lists types and paratypes in the Pans Museum; quotes type localities and cites references to taxonomicdecisions: p. 13 - Oplurus Bibronii (= Phymaturus palluma); p. 16 - Liolaemus bolivianus (= L. signifer); p.25 - Proctotretus chilensis Var. A & B, D&B (non Lesson) (Var. A = Liolaemus nitidus Wiegmann 1835 +Var. B = Liolaemus chiliensis Lesson 1826 - Calotes chiliensis = Liolaemus chiliensis); p. 29 - L. coeruleus;p. 33 - L. variabilis Var. Courtyi = L. multiformis multiformis; p. 34 - L. variabilis Var. Crequii = L.multiformis multiformis; p. 35 - Proctotretus cyanogaster = L. c. cyanogaster; p. 46 - Proctotretus Fitzingerii
var. A = L. signifer; Proctotretus Fitzingerii var. B = L. kingii (part), L. f fitzingerii (part); p. 50 - L.archeforus gallardoi; p. 51 -P. gracilis; p. 56 - Proctotretus intermedius = L. c. cyanogaster; p. 59 - P.Kingii; p. 65 - P. Magellanicus; p. 70 - P. Mocquardi (scale drawings); p. 71 - Proctoretus mosaicus =Liolaemus lemniscatus; p. 72 - P. multimaculatus; p. 73 - Proctotretus variabilis Var. Neveui - Liolaemusmultiformis multiformis; p. 76 - L. pantherinus (scale drawings); p. 79 - P. pictus; p. 81 - L. pulcher (scaledrawings) = L. omatus; p. 92 - P. Signifer. L. silvai; p. 96 - P. tenuis; p. 102 - L. velosoi; p. 104 - P.Wiegmanni.Bucher, R. 1980. Ecologia de la fauna chaquena. Una revision. Ecosur 7(14): 119-159.
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Bujes, C. L. and L. Verrastro. 1998. Observa^oes sobre o compwrtamento de Liolaemus occipitalis em cativeiro(Sauna, Tropiduridae). Revista Brasileira de Zoolgia 15(4):,907-912.Burghardt, G. M. and S. Rand. 1982. Introduction. Pp. 1-4, in: G. M. Burghardt and S. Rand (eds.), Iguanas of the
world: their behavior, ecology and conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey, xix-(-472 pp.p. 1 - Liolaemus, unlike the iguanas, has radiated widely.Burmeister, C. V. 1888. Algunas noticias sobre la fauna de la Patagonia. Anals del Museo Buenos Aires 3: 237-252.p. 252 - t.d. Liolaemus melanops.Burmeister, H. 1861. Reise durch die La Plata Staaten mit besonderer Riicksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit undden Culnirzustand der Argentinische Republik. Ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 und 1860... Halle:H. W. Schmidt, 2: iv-(-538 pp.p. 524 - t.d. Leiosaurus (Helocephalus) marmoratus; p. 525 - listed: Centrura, C. flagellifer, ProctotretusWiegmanni.Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1930. The South American lizards in the collection of the United States NationalMuseum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 78(6): 1-52.Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1931. South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of NaturalHistory. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 61(7): 227-395.Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1933. A preliminary check list of the lizards of South America. Transactions of theAcademy of Science of St. Louis 28(1): v+104 pp.p. 30-38 - lists Liolaemus.Bustos Obregon, E. and V. Leyton. 1978. Testicular differentiation in a viviparous lizard (Liolaemus gravenhorsti).Anatomical Record 190(20): 352-353.Cabot Nieves, J. and P. Serrano Priego. 198?. Biometria y biologia de Lw/aemtw mw/n/ormw (Iguanidae). Revista dela Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia 5: 17-41.
- Liolaemus multiformis live in burrows excavated by other vertebrates; males are larger and more pigmentedthan females; they are omnivorous, consuming more plant matter as they increase in body size; females producean average of 5.2 offspring which remain with the adults for two months after parturition.Cabrera, A. L. and A. Willink. 1980. Biogeografiade America Latina. Secretaria General de la Organizacion de losEstados Americanos (OEA), Departamento de Asuntos Cientificos y Technologicos, Monografi'a 13 (Serie deBiologia), 122 pp.
- mentions Liolaemus in the desert and central Chile.Cabrera, M.R. 1991. Aportes a la convalidacion generica de Ceio/aemus Laurent (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Resiimenes,VII Jomal Cientifico Social Biologia, Cordoba, C14.Cabrera, M. R. 1992. Denticion y su relacion con la dieta y el ambiente en tres iguanidos sudamericanos. ActaZoologica Lilloana 41: 235-246.p. 239 - describes the teeth of Liolaemus anomalus ditadai.Cabrera, M. R. 1993. Los saurios del espinal y su presencia en provincias biogeographicas vencinas. Revista delMuseo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instimto Nacional de Investigacion de lasCiencias Naturales (Ecologia) 4(2): 17-34.p. 23-24 - table 1 lists three Ceiolaemus, 18 Liolaemus, and three Phymaturus from these regions; p. 27 -lists phytogeographic endemics: Ceiolaemus a. anomalus, C. marmoratus, Liolaemus cuyanus, L.donosobarrosi, and L. multimaculatus riojanus from the Monte region, and L. chacoensis from the Chaqueiia
region.Cabrera, M. R. 1996. Lista y distribucion geografica de saurios, anfisbenas y tortugas (Amniota, Reptilia) de laprovincia de Cordoba. Pp. 215-238, in: I. E. di Tada and E. H. Bucher (eds.), Biodiversidad de ProvinciaCordoba. 1. Fauna. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba.p. 219 - lists Ceiolaemus anomalus ditadai, Liolaemus bitaeniatus, L. chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. saxatilis,and L. wiegmannii.Cabrera, M. R. and N. T. Bee de Speroni. 1986. Composici6n y distribucion de la lacertofauna de la provincia deC6rdoba, Argentina. U. Amphisbaenidae, Anguidae e Iguanidae. Historia Natural (Corrientes, Argentina) 6(1): 1-12.p. 5 - Ceiolaemus anomalus ditadai from near the Catamarca border; Liolaemus {Liolaemus) bitaeniatus in
18
the Regi6n de Pastizales and Bosquecillos de Altura; Liolaemus (Eulaemus) chacoensis in chaquenas Orientaland Occidental, Bosque Serrano and Romerillal and also at Salinas Grandes; p. 6 - Liolaemus (Orffiolaemus)wiegmanni in the Espinal, Pampean Steppe, and part of the Bosque Serrano.Camp, C. L. 1923. Classification of the lizards. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48(1 1): 289-482.p. 365 - pterygoid teeth occur in Phymaturus and some Liolaemus and Ctenoblepharis; p. 379 - rectus
superficialis muscle absent in Liolaemus multiformis; p. 401 - femoral pores present in Liolaemus,Ctenoblepharis, and Phymaturus; p. 403 - femoral pores present only in males of Phyrruiturus.Carothers, J. H. 1987. Aspects of the ecology of lizards of the genus Liolaemus in the central Chilean Cordilleras.Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.Carothers. J. H., S. F. Fox, P. A. Marquet, and F. M. Jaksic. 1997. Thermal characteristics of ten Andean lizards ofthe genus Liolaemus in central Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 70: 297-309.Carothers, J. H. and F. M, Jaksic. 1984. Time as a niche difference: the role of interference competition. Oikos 42:403-406.Carothers, J. H., P A. Marquet, and F. M. Jaksic. 1998. Thermal ecology of Liolaemus assemblage along an
altitudinal gradient in Chile. Revista Chilena de Histona Natural 7: 39-50.Carpenter, C. C. and G. W. Ferguson. 1977. Variation and evolution of stereotyped behavior in reptiles. Pp. 335-554, in: C. Cans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A.Academic Press, New York, xvi+720 pp.p. 479 - appendix for references: cite Pearson (1954) for Liolaemus multiformis and Darwin (1854) for L.multimaculatus.Camllo de Espinoza, N. 1970. Contribuci6n al conocimiento de los reptiles de Peni (Squamata, Crocodilia,Testudinata: Reptilia). Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural "Javiero Prado," Universidad Nacional Mayorde San Marcos, Serie A, Zoologi'a 22: 1-63.p. 68 - Liolaemus multiformis multiformis.Carrillo de Espinoza, N. and J. Icochea. 1995. Lista taxondmica preliminar de los reptiles vivientes del Peni.Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural "Javiero Prado," Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, SerieA, Zoologia 49: 1-27.p. 9 - lists Ctenoblepharis adspersa, Liolaemus alticolor, L. annectens; p. 10 - lists L. insolitus, L. omatus,L. ortizi, L. pantherinus, L. polystictus, L. robustus, L. signifer, L. tacnae, L. walkeri, L. williamsi, andPhrynosaura stolzmani.Castro, M. P. and L. P. Castro. 1978. Aspectos estructurales e histologicos del "patch" o parche femoral de escamasabultadas, caracter morfologio ambisexual propio de algunas especies del genero Liolaemus (Reptilia, Lacertilia,Iguanidae). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, SerieCientifica 6: 1-3.
- histological studies of the femoral patch of enlarged scales found in some Liolaemus show no glandular or
secretory structures, only enlarged scales and hypertrophied muscles observed in both sexes, especially males.Castro, P., G. Macola, and J. Garcia Saez. 1980. Prospeccion preliminar de la herpetofauna de la Sierra Pie de Palo.Resiimenes, TV Jomadas de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, 12.Cavicchia T. and J. Miranda. 1988. The blood-testis barrier in lizards during the annual Sf)ermatogenic cycle.Microscopia Electronica Celular 12(1): 73-87.Ceballos de Bruno, S. 1995. Algunos parlmetros hematol6gicos en Liolaemus wiegmannii (Sauria: Tropiduridae).Niimero de entrocitos, niimero de leucocitos y f6rmula leucocitaria. Morfologi'a de celulas sangui'neas y demedula osea. Cuademos de Herpetologia 9( 1): 51-56.Cei, J. M. 1969. La meseta basiltica de Somuncura, Ri'o Negro. Herpetofauna endemica y sus peculiares equilibriosbiocen6ticos. Physis (Buenos Aires) 28(77): 257-271.Cei, J. M. 1970. Primeros apuntes ecologicos y herpetologicos sobre el Macizo del Nevado, en Mendoza. Physis(Buenos Au-es) 30(80): 301-303.Cei, J. M. 1971. Fluctuaciones biocen6ticas y relictos herpetologicos de la planicie deLonco-Luan (Neuqu6n). ActaZool6gica Lilloana 27(1970): 193-303.Cei, J. M. 1971. Mesete e laghi basaltica della Patagonia exra-andina. L'Universo (Firenze) 51(4): 777-818.Cei, J. M. 1971. Consideraciones sobre las relaciones taxon6micas de Phymaturus patagonicus y Phymaturuspalluma. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 28: 37-46.
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Cei, J. M. 1971. Herpetologia patag6nica. I. Liolaemus del groupo magellanicus. Caracteristicas taxon6micas ygeneticas. Physis (Buenos Aires) 30(81): 417-424.Cei, J. M. 1972. Herpetologia patagonica. 3. Relaciones de afinidad sero-proteinica y fileticas en el generoLiolaemus. Physis (Buenos Aires) 31(83); 411-422.Cei, J. M. 1973. Lista de los ejempiares tipos de la coleccion herpetologica del Instituto de Biologi'a Animal, Facultadde Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias 19(1-2): 1-9.
- lists date, localities, and collectors for type specimens of Ctenoblepharis donoso-barrosi, Ct. rabinoi,Liolaemus archeforus, L. austromendocinus, L. ceii, L. elongatus petrophilus, L. ruizleali, L. fitzingericanqueli, L. fitzingeri melanops, Phymaturus patagonicus indistinctus, P. p. nevadoi, P. p. payuniae, P. p.somuncurensis, P. p. zapalensis, and Vilcunia silvanae.Cei, J. M. 1973. Herpetologia patagonica. VI. Los Liolaemus del gnipo fitzingeri en Santa Cruz y Chubut (Sauria,Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 32(85): 447-458.p. 447 - first use Liolaemus fitzingeri fitzingeri and L. fitzingeri melanops.Cei, J. M. 1973. Herpetologia patagonica. VII. Notas ecologicas y morfologicas sobre L/o/aewiMJ fei?>/-o?i y L.boulengeri (Sauria, Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 32(85): 459-469.Cei, J. M. 1973. Comentarios sobre una nueva especie Argentina de saurio: Liolaemus emmae Donoso Barros (1970).Boletin Sociedad de Biologi'a de Concepcion 46: ITi-llS.
- Liolaemus emmae is a junior synonym of L. chacoensis.Cei, J. M. 1974. Two new species of Ctenoblepharis (Reptilia, Iguanidae) from the arid environments of the centralArgentina (Mendoza Province). Journal of Herpietology 8(1): 71-75.p. 72 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis donosobarrosi; p. 73 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis rabinoi.Cei, J. M. 1974. Revision of the Patagonian iguanids of the L;o/acmHJ e/ongafM5 complex. Journal of Herpetology8(3); 219-229.p. 220 - Liolaemus elongatus elongatus is redescribed; p. 224 - L. elongatus petrophilus is discussed; p. 224
- t.d. Liolaemus austromendocinus.Cei, J. M. 1974. Herpetologia patagonica VIII. La altiplancie volcanica entre Primos Pinos y Rfo Kilka, Neuquen:notas Herpetologicas. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C)33(86); 183-185.
- reports Liolaemus elongatus elongatus, L. ceii, and L. lineomaculatus; biogeography of L. lineomaculatusdiscussed.Cei, J. M. 1975. Herpetologia patagonica. IX. Liolaemus goetschi y el conjunto Liolaemus darwini-boulengeri.Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(89); 199-202.Cei, J. M. 1975. Herpetologia patagonica. X. El conjunto evolutivo de Liolaemus elongatus: analisis serologico.Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(89); 203-208.Cei, J. M. 1975. Liolaemus melanops (Burmeister) and the subspecific status of the Liolaemus fitzingeri group(Sauria, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 9(2); 217-222.p. 220 - t.d. Liolaemus fitzingeri canqueli.Cei, J. M. 1975. Southern patagonian iguanid lizards of the LioiacmMi /:j/igi group. Herpetologica 31(1): 109-116.p. 112 - description of Liolaemus archeforus archeforus; p. 113 - L. sarmientoi is a subspecies of L.archeforus.Cei, J. M. 1975. The present taxo-serological work in the field of herpetology at the Instituto Biologi'a Animal CuyoUniversity, Mendoza, Argentina. Serological Museum Bulletin 51: 7-8.Cei, J. M. 1975. La Payunia e il paesaggio vulcanico del'Occidente Argentino. Rivista Bimestrale dell'IstitutoGeografico Militare (Firenze) 55(6); 1 121-1 146.Cei, J. M. 1978. Un grupo de reptiles excepcionalmente adaptados a condiciones de vida en ambientes arenosos yeremicos: los iguanidos Tropidurinos argentinos del grupo "Ortholaemus" {Liolaemus multimaculatus - L.
rabinoi). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, SerieCientifica 7: 1-4.
- p. 1 - Ortholaems Girard (1857) is available as a subgenus for Liolaemus multimaculatus plus L. rabinoi.Cei, J. M. 1978. Aspectos correlatives fisiologicos de la proteinemia y de las condiciones climaticas del medioambiente en reptiles. Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo,Serie Cientifica 3; 1-5.
- discusses high protein concentrations in species of Liolaemus, Vilcunia, and Phymaturus as possibly
20
adaptive to cold or mountainous environments.Cei. J. M. 1978. A new species of Liolaemus (Sauria: Iguanidae) from the Andean mountains of the sppthemMendoza volcanic region of Argentina. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History. University ofKansas 76: 1-6.p. 1 - t.d. Liolaemus duellmani.Cei, J. M. 1979. The Patagonian herpetofauna. Pp. 309-339, in. W. E. Duellman, The South American herpetofauna:
its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485.Cei, J. M. 1979. A reassessment of the genus Ctenoblepharis (Reptilia, Sauria, Iguamdae) with a description of anew subspecies of Liolaemus multimaculatus from western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 297-302.
p. 298 - Liolaemus donosobarrosi( new combination); p. 299 - t.d. Liolaemus multimaculatus riojanus.Cei, J. M. 1979. Nota preliminar sobre la distnbucion geografica de Liolaemus wiegmanni (Dum. et Bibr.) (Sauria,Iguanidae). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Institute de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, SerieCientifica 14: 1-4.Cei, J. M. 1979. Remarks on the South American lizard Liolaemus anomolus Koslowsky, and the synonomy ofPhrynosaura werneri Muller (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(2): 183-186.Cei, J. M. 1980. The conspecificity of the iguanid lizard Liolaemus chacoensis Shreve, 1948 and Liolaemus emmaeDonoso Barros, 1970. Copeia 1980(4): 936-937.Cei, J. M. 1980. L'ldentite des syntypes de Procrofz-emiyirzirtger/ Dumeril et Bibron, 1837. Bulletin MuseumNational d'Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4, A2(l): 317-320.Cei, J. M. 1980. Remarks on taxonomic status and specific characters of Liolaemus marmoratus (Burmeister).Journal of Herpetology 14(2): 192-193.Cei, J. M. 1980. New endemic iguanid lizards from the Famatina Mountains of western Argentina. Journal ofHerpetology 14(1): 57-64.p. 58 - t.d. Phymaturus mallimaccii; p. 60 - t.d. Liolaemus famatinae.Cei, J. M. 1980. Nota preliminar sobre la fisonomi'a fauni'stica y biogeografica de la Sierra Pie de Palo, provincia deSan Juan, Argentina. Historia Natural 1(21): 137-140.p. 139 - an undescribed Liolaemus is endemic to the Siena.Cei, J. M. 1981. Liolaemus pseudoanomalus a subsutute name for Liolaemus marmoratus (Burmeister 1861).Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 253-254.Cei, J. M. 1982. A new endemic lizard from Sierra Pie de Palo in western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 16(2):179-182.p. 179 - t.d. Liolaemus sanjuanensis.Cei, J. M. 1982. Aspetti geo-biogeografici inediti della Sierra di Famatina, il piii elevato massiccio d' America del Suddopo le cordigliere andine (Argentina centro-occidentale). Rivista Bimestrale dell'Instituto Geografico Militare(Firenze) 62(4): 643-672.
- describes habitat of Liolaemus famatinae and Phymaturus mallimaccii; includes color photographs.Cei, J. M. 1982. Reliquias y refugios, al sur del tropico. de la herpetofauna austral pleistocenica sudamencana. Actasvn Congreso Latinamericano, Zoologia, Merida, Venezuela [1980] 213-221.
- discusses location of some species of Liolaemus. Phymaturus. and Vilcunia in Pleistocene refugia inArgentina.Cei, J. M. 1983. Una nueva subespecie de Liolaemus anomalus de la region arida halofila de Salinas Grandes(Provincia de Cordoba, Argentina). Deserta (Mendoza) 7: 172-178.p. 173 - t.d. Liolaemus anomalus ditadai.Cei, J. M. 1985. Notas sobre especies de Liolaemus de la meseta de Somuncura, Rio Negro, y rectificaci6n de losniimeros museol6gicos de los tipos de Liolaemus kingi somuncurae. Boletin de la Asociaci6n HerpetologicaArgenuna 2(1-2): 15-16.Cei, J. M. 1986. Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina. Herpetofauna de las zonas dridas y semiaridas.Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monografie FV: 527 pp.
- includes keys, descriptions, distirbutions, and color photos of Liolaemus and Centrura in the region.Cei, J. M. 1990. Further comments on the holotype of Liolaemus ruizleali Donoso-Barros and Cei, 1971 fromPatagonia, Argentina (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 8(1): 45-52.Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino,Monografie XTV: 949 pp.
21
- includes keys, descriptions, distributions, and color photos of Liolaemus and Phymaturus in the region.Cei, J. M. 1998. La m^lanocephalie chez les lezards liolaemines et redecouverte de I'holotype de Liolaemus melanopsBurmeister, 1888 longtemps considere comme perdu (Reptilia: Squamata; Iguania: Tropiduridae). Revue Fran^aisde Aquanologie 25(1998) 1-2: 59-62.Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro. 1973. Taxonomic and serological researches on the Phymaturus patagonicus complex.Journal of Herpetology 7(3): 237-247.p. 241 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus indistinctus; p. 242 - Ld. Phymaturus patagonicus somuncurensi; p.243 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus zapalensis; p. 244 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus payuniae.Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro. 1978. Atlas de los vertebrado inferiores de la regi6n de Cuyo. Publicaciones Ocasionalesdel Institute de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 2: 1-38.Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro. 1978. Datos preliminares sobre las components de la herpetofauna de la Provincia de SanJuan. Publicaciones Ocasionales del Institute de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, SerieCientifica 5: 1-4.Cei, J. M., R. Etheridge, and F. Videla. 1983. Especies nuevas de iguanidos del noroeste de la provincia de San Juan(Reserva provincial San Guillermo), Argentina. Deserta (Mendoza) 7: 316-323.p. 317 - t.d. Liolaemus eleodori; p. 320 - t.d. Phymaturus punae.Cei, J. M., B. Lanza, and M. Poggesi. 1975. On the morphology and taxonomy of Ctenoblepharis rabinoi Cei andLiolaemus multimaculatus (Dumeril et Bibron) from central and eastern Argentina. Natura (Milano) 66(3-4):101-113.
- Ctenoblepharis rabinoi and Liolaemus multimaculatus are congeneric species, provisionally allocated toCtenoblephris; includes color photos.Cei, J. M. and J. Lescure. 1985. Identite de Lacerta palluma Molina 1782, et revalidation de Centrura flagelliferBell, 1843 (Reptilia, Sauria). BuUetm Museum National d'Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4, Sect. A(2): 175-183.Cei, J. M., J. Lescure, and J. C. Ortiz. 1980. Redecouverte de I'holotype de Proctotretus signifer Dumeril and Bibron,1837 (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bulletin Museum National d'Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4, Sect. A(3): 919-925.Cei, J. M. and J. C. Ortiz. 1983. Descripcion de una nueva especie de lagarto Liolaemus coeruleus n. sp. paraArgentina. (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 54: 35-41.p. 37 - t.d. Liolaemus coeruleus.Cei, J. M. and J. E. Pefaur. 1982. Una nueva especie de Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Squamata): su sistematica, ecologi'a ydistribucion. Actas VIE Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoologia, Merida, Venezuela, pp. 573-586. [1980]p. 573 - t.d. Liolaemus insolitus.Cei, J. M. and V. G. Roig. 1975. A new lizard from the Sierra del Nevado Mountains, central Argentina. Journal ofHerpetology 9(2): 256.p. 256 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus nevadoi.Cei, J. M. and V. G. Roig. 1976. Fauna y ecosistemas del Oeste arido Argentine. I. Reptiles de la Provincia deMendoza. Deserta (Mendoza) 4(1973-74): 69-91.
- distribution maps and habitats in Mendoza province for: Liolaemus austromendocinus: subcordilleranembossment and extracordilleras (Payunia, Nevado) in south central Mendoza, to 2(X)0 m; L. bibroni: Cordillerasto the north of Mendoza, central extracordilleran embossments; patagonian and ecotonal biocenosis; L.boulengeri: extracordilleran embossments to the south of Mendoza; Patagonian and ecotonal biocenosis; L.buergeri: high cordilleran valleys in south-central Mendoza to 2500 m; extending to the borders of the Payxmia(Arroya Batra); L. darwini: subcordilleras and extracordilleras throughout the province, ecotonal and Montebiocenosis; Liolaemus donosobarrosi: sandy areas of Matancilla and Agua del Toro (1000 m) southeasternMendoza; L. elongatus: high Cordilleras from 2300-3000 m, from Uspallata to Rfo Barrancas; sporadic inPayunia where it is sympatric with L. austromendocinus, except on the mountain tops (Volcan Payiin,Nevado); L. fitzgeraldi: high Cordilleras at Puente de Inca and Las Cuevas, 3000- 35(X) m; L. goetschi: areasbounding the Desaguadero (La Paz; 350 m); L. gracilis: extracordilleras in the north, central and south of theprovince, to 2000 m; patagonian, monte or ecotonal biocenosis; L. gravenhorsti: high valleys of the centralCordilleras to the Chilean border; Valle Hermoso (2500 m); L. nigriceps: Pampa de los Nangos, cordilleran
altiplano opposite Mendoza; L. rabinoi: eastern sandy margins of the Nihufl dam; L. ruibali: western Cordillerasfrom Villavicencio to Uspallata, to 3000 m; L. wemeri: Monte biocenosis in northern and eastern centralMendoza; L. wiegmanni: western central area near the Rio Mendoza: Chacras de Coria and limited to meadows
22
and cultivated fields near the capital where it may have been introduced; Phymatunis palluma: Cordilleras to3000 m, extracordilleras in the south (Payunia, Nevado), always associated with rocks; P. patagopicuspayuniae: volacanic areas of Payunia (1800-2200 m); P. patagoniocus nevadoi: Massif del Nevado (1750-2000m).Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1977. Herpetologia patag6nica. XIII. La identidad de Liolaemus goetschi y de la formamelanops del groupo Liolaemus fitzmgeri, en Ri'o Negro y Chubut. Physis (Buenos Aires) 36(92): 225-226.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1977. Herpetologia patagonica. XTV. Nuevos datos immunologicos sobre iguanidosargenunos del grupo Liolaemus fitzingeri. Physis (Buenos Aires) 37(93): 223-226.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1980. Two new subspecies of the Liolaemus fitzingeri complex from Argentina.Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 37-43.p. 38 - t.d. Liolaemus fitzingeri cuyanus; p. 39 - t.d. Liolaemus fitzingeri xanthoviridis
.
Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1981. A new northern subspecies of Liolaemus kingi in Argentina. Journal ofHerpetology 15(2): 207-210.p. 207 - t.d. Liolaemus kingi somuncurae.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1982. A new species of the Patagonian genus Vilcunia, with remarks on itsmorphology, ecology and distribution. Journal of Herpetology 16(4): 354-363.p. 357 - t.d. Vilcunia periglacialis; p. 360 - redescription of Vilcunia sylvanae.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro, 1982. Un nuevo iguanido tropidurino del genero Liolaemus. grupo kingi-archeforus. dela region del Lago Belgrano, Santa Cruz, Argentina. Revista de la Universidad Nacional de Ri'o Cuarto 2(2): 257-268.p. 260 - t.d. Liolaemus acheforus gallardoi.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1983. Un nuevo arreglo taxon6mico para los Lio/aemuj del grupo /ifzi/i^eri. Boletin dela Asociacion Herpetol6gica Argentina 1(3): 15-16.p. 15 - considered valid: Liolaemus fitzingeri, L. melanops melanops (new combination), L. melanopscanqueli (new combination), L. melanops xanthoviridis (new combination), L. cuyanus (new combination).Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1983. Una nueva forma geogrdfica de Liolaemus kingi de Santa Cruz, Argentina(Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 29(82): 209-214.p. 209 - t.d. Liolaemus kingi baguali.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1987. The true systematic status of Liolaemus ruisleali [sic] Donoso-Barros and Cei,1971, from northern Patagonia, Argentina (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Natural!,Torino 5(1): 179-187.p. 179 - Liolaemus ruizleali holotype and two paratypes = L. rothi, four paratypes = L. kingi somuncurae.Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1996. A new species of Liolaemus of the archeforus group from the precordilleran
valley of the Zeballos River, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina (Reptilia, Tropiduridae). Bollettino del MuseoRegionale di Scienze Naturali, Tonno 41(1): 389-401.p. 391 - Liolaemus sarmientoi and L. gallardoi are recognized as full species, and together with L. archeforusand the newly described species, constitute the archeforus group; p. 393 - t.d. Liolaemus zullyi.Cei, J. M. and J. D. Williams. 1984. Las colecciones Herpetol6gicas de la expedicion patagonica del PeritoMoreno y las formas argentinas de Liolaemus del grupo pictus. Revista Museo La Plata (Sec. Zoologi'a) 139:183-194.p. 183 - t.d. Liolaemus exploratorum.Cekalovic, T. and J. N. Artigas. 1981. Catilogo de los tipos depositados en las colecciones del departamento de
zoologi'a de la Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. 52: 203-224.p. 221 - holotype of Liolaemus pictus talcanensis listed.Chaffer, R.G. 1952. The Deseadan vertebrate fauna of Scarritt Pocket, Patagonia. Bulletin of the American Museumof Natural History 98: 509-561.Chiszar, D., T. Gingery, B. Gingery, and H. M. Smith. 1999. Phymaturus patagonicus (Argentine chuckwalla).Facultative parthenogenesis. Herpetological Review 3(X2): 98.Christian, K. A. 1998. Thermoregulation by the short-homed lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi) at high elevation.Journal of Thermal Biology 23(6): 395-399.
- cites Pearson (1954) and Pearson and Bradford (1976) for ability of Andean Liolaemus to maintain highbody temperatures under conditions of low air temperatures so long as the sky remains clear.
23
Christie, M. I. 1984. Inventario de la fauna de vertebrados del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi. Revistas del MuseoArgentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Institute Nacional Investigaciones de las CienciasNaturales, Zoologia. 13(55): 523-34.p. 526 - lists Liolaemus bibroni, L. buergeri, L. chilensis, L. elongatus, L. pictus, L. rothi, and L.lemniscatus from the park.Christie, M. I. 1984. Determinacion de prioridades conservacionistas para la fauna de vertebrados Patag6nicus.Revistas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bemadino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional Investigacionesde las Ciencias Naturales, 2^1ogia 13(56): 535-544.p. 541 - lists Vilcunia silvanae.Christie, M. I. 1995. Reptiles. Pp. 19-24, in: C. Ubeda and D. Grigera (eds.), Recalificacion del estado deconservacion de la fauna silvestre Argentina. Region Patagonicos. Seccion Recursos Naturales AmbienteHumano.Codoceo, M. 1950. Reptiles de Tarapaca (nota preliminar). Investigaciones Zool6gicas Chilenasl(l): 15.Codoceo, M. 1954. Reptiles de la region de los lagos valdivianos. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 2(5): 69-71.
- lists species in Valdivian forest: Liolaemus chiliensis, L. gravenhorsti, L. monticola villaricensis, L. pictuspictus.Cody, M. L., E. R. Fuentes, W. Glanz, J. H. Hunt, and A. R. Moldenke. 1977. Convergent evolution in theconsumer organisms of Mediterranean Chile and California. Pp. 144-191, in: H. A. Mooney (ed.). Convergentevolution in Chile and California: Mediterranean climate ecosystems. US/IBP Synthesis Series 5. Dowden,Hutchinson, & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
- compare habitats and indicies of species diversity between communities of Chilean Liolaemus with severalgenera of lizards from southern California (USA).Cooper, E. L., A. E. Klempau, and A. G. Zapata. 1985. Reptilian immunity. Pp. 599-678, in: C. Gans, F. Billett,and P. F. A. Maderson (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 14: Development A. John Wiley and Sons, NewYork, x-(-763.p. 604 - cites Pena Rosche (1939) and Pienaar (1967) for eosinophils in Liolaemus.Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1994. Prey chemical discrimination, foraging mode, and phylogeny. Pp. 95-116, in: L. J. Vitt andE. R. Pianka (eds.). Lizard ecology: historical and experimental perspectives. Princeton University Press,Princeton, New Jersey, xii-i-403 pp.p. 102 - Liolaemus zapallarensis can detect prey chemicals.Cope, E. D. 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained dunng the explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Bermejo andUruguay Rivers by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U. S. N.. and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. Top. Eng.,conmiander of the expedition conducting the survey of the Atrato River. Proceedings of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia 14(9)2: 346-359.p. 35 1 - lists Ortholaemus fitzroyi.Cope, E. D. 1868. Additional descriptions of Neotropical Reptilia and Batrachia not previously known. Proceedingsof the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20(2): 96-140.p. 120 - t.d. Proctotretus prasinus.Cope, E. D. 1876. Report on the reptiles brought by Professor James Orton from the middle and upper Amazon andwestern Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (2)8: 159-188.p. 120 - t.d. Proctotretus multiformis.Cope, E. D. 1889. Scientific results of exploration by the U. S. Fish Commission Albatross. HI. RepKirt on thebatrachians and reptiles collected in 1887-88. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12(1889): 141-147.Cope, E. D. 1896. On the hemipenis of the Sauria. Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia48: 461^67.Cope, E. D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Report of the United States NationalMuseum for the year ending June 30, 1898 2: 11+1294 pp.p. 191 - appendicular haemapophyses separated in Phymaturus; p. 198 - preanal secretions in Liolaemus; p. 220
- liver deeply excavated medially in Liolaemus; p. 222 - Phymaturus has all teeth deeply trilobed or flower-de-luce shaped; p. 225 - Liolaemus, Helocephalus, Ctenoblepharis , and Phymaturus included in key to the generaof Iguanidae; p. 227 - above genera listed as Neotropical/Chilean.
24
Cortes, A., C. Baez, M. Rosenmann, and C. Pino. 1992. Dependencia tdrmica del teiido Callopistes palluma: unacomparaci6n con los iguanidos Liolaemus nigromaculatus y L nitidus. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural65(4): 443-451.
- provide preferred body temperatures for Liolaemus nigromaculatus (31.7 ?C) and L. nitidus (33.7 ?C). Both
species of Liolaemus have a higher caloric-gain efficiency than Callopistes.Cortes, A., J. C. Torres-Mura, L. Contreras, and C. Pino. 1995. Fauna de vertebrados de los Andes de Coquimbo:Cordillera de Dona Ana. Ediciones Universidad de la Serena, Chile, 96 pp.p. 19-20 - lists Liolaemus lorenzmulleri, L. cf. ornatus. and L. vallecurensis from this region.Cruz, F. B. 1997. Reproductive activity in Tropidurus etheridgei in the semiarid Chaco of Salta, Argentina. Journalof Herpetology 32(3): 444-450.p. 447 - Liolaemus chacoensis from near J. V. Gonzalez are reproductively active for three months, and 100km to the NW. at Finca Los Colorados, reproductive activity may last up to five months.Cruz, F. B.. M. G. Perotti, and L. A. Fitzgerald. 1993. Lista de anfibios y reptiles colectados en una localidad delchaco Salteno. Acta Zool6gicaLilloana 42(1): 101-107.
- fauna includes Liolaemus chacoensis and L. wiegmanni.Cruz, F. B. and M. Ramirez Pinilla. 1996. Actividad reproductiva en el lagarto Liolaemus chacoensis (Sauna:Tropidundae), del Chaco occidental, Salta, Argentina. Revista Espaiiola de Herpetologia 10: 33-39.Cruz, F. B., J. A. Schulte II, and P. Bellagamba. 1999. New distributional records and natural history notes for reptilesfrom southern Argentina. Herpetologica! Review 30(3): 182.
-new records for Liolaemus xanthovindis and L. kriegi from Chubut Province and L. cuyanus from La PampaProvince.D'Orbigny, A. D. and G. Bibron. 1837. Laminas 1-6, 13-15, publicadas con los nombres declas especies representadas.In: A. D. D'Orbigny (ed.). Voyage dans I'Amerique meridionale... pendant ies annees 1826... 1833. Tomecinquene l.ere oartie.Daciuk, J. 1968. La fauna del Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca (Estudio zoo-ecol6gico preliminar). Anales de ParquesNacionales (Buenos Aires) 1 1(2): 225-304.p. 275 - lists Liolaemus belli, L. bibroni, L. darwini, L. kriegi, L. monticola, and Phymaturus palluma withphotos.Daciuk, J. 1978. Datos bio-ecologicos obtenidos en cautividad del lagarto Phymaturus palluma palluma (Molina)1872. Anales de Parques Nacionales (Buenos Aires) 14: 80-86.Daciuk, J. and M. Miranda. 1980. Notas faunisticas y bioevologicas de Peninsula Valdes y Patagonia. XXV. Batraco-herpetofauna de la Peninsula Valdes y costas paiagomcas (Ri'o Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz y Tierra del Fuego,Argentina). Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 26(75): 99-1 15.Daiss, S. 1969. Pflege und Verhalten von Erdleguanen {Liolaemus cf monticola). Aquarien-und Terrarien - Zeitschrift22: 182-185.
- provides notes on behavior in captivity.Dansereau, P. 1947. Zonation et succession sur la restinga de Rio de Janeiro. I. Halosere. Revue Canadienne Biologie6(3): 448-477.
- notes on ecology of Liolaemus lutzae.Darwin, C. 1854. A journal of researches. Ward, Lock and Co., London.
- describes behavior of Liolaemus multimaculatus.Darwin, C. 1898. Journal of researches into natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage ofthe H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the conmiand of Capt. Fitz Roy R. N. New York, D. Appleton,x+519 pp.
- descnbes color pattern and behavior of Liolaemus multimaculatus at Bahia Blanca.Daszak, P. and S. J. Ball. 1998. Descnption of the oocysts of three new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) from iguanid lizards (Sauria: Iguanidae) of Central and South America. Memorias do InstitutoOswaldo Cruz 93(4): 471-475.
- Eimeria liolaemi describedyrom Liolaemus tenuis.Daudin, F. M. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, generale et particuliere des reptiles. Paris: F. Dufax 4: 1-397.p. 46 - lists Stellio pelluma.de la Vina, I., J. C. Bolibar, and J. C. Nieves. 1992. Pseutes sulphureus (Wagler. 1824) (Serpentes: Colubridae)nueva especie para Bolivia y datos sobre la herpetofauna Boliviana. Acta Zool6gica Lilloana 41 : 215-218.p. 216 - Liolaemus alticolor and L. omatus from Patacamaya (17?10' S; 68?10' W); L. signifer from Ulla-
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Ulla (16?58'S; 64?10'W), Saavedra Province, Departamento La Paz (4500 m).de Lema, T. 1994. Lista comentada dos repteis ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul. Comunicacoes do Museu de Cienciasda Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre 1994(7): 41-150.de Lema, T., M. L. Araujo, and A. C. P. Azevedo. 1983. Contribui^ao ao conhecimento da alimentagao e do modoalimentar de serpentes do Brasil. Comunicacoes del Museo de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do RioGrande Do Sul, Porto Alegre 1983(26): 41-121.p. 53 - Liolaemus occipitalis is eaten by Leimadophis poecilogyrus pictostriatus at Tranabdai.de Oliveira Rodrigues, H. 1992. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) maricansis n. sp. (Nematoda, Capillaridae) andremarks on the helmenthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Lacertilia, Iguanide). Memorias delInstitute Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro) 87(2): 297-300.de Pemo, C. S. and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 1993. Prey chemical discrimination and strike-induced chemosensory searchingin the lizard Liolaemus zapallarensis . Chemoecology 4: 86-92.de Queiroz, K. 1982. The scleral ossicles of sceloporine iguanids: a reexamination with comments on theirphylogenetic significance. Herpetologica 38(2): 302-311.p. 309 - scleral ossicle number: cites Underwood (1970) for Liolaemus; describes scleral ossicles inPhymaturus palluma and compares them with other iguanians.de Viana, M. L., C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdes. 1994. Densidad, proporcion de sexos y utilizacion del espacio deLiolaemus darwinii (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista de Biologia Tropical 42(1-2):281-287.
- peak densities reach 41 individuals/ha in May 1989 with a low of 4/ha in April 1990. Juveniles recruitedinto the population during autumn and made up 49-75% of the population. Sex ratio was 1:1. The frequency ofcaudal autotomy was 4%.de Viana, M. L, C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdes. 1994. Habitos alimentarios de Liolaemus darwinii (Sauria: Iguanidae)en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista de Biologia Tropical 42(1-2): 379-381.
- Liolaemus darwinii is insectivorous feeding primarily on ants. Adult males have a more diverse diet of
arthropods than the females, and the diets of adults differ from those of juveniles.Devincenzi, G. J. 1926. Fauna herpetologica de Uruguay. Anales Museo Nacional de Montevideo, Serie 2, 2(2): 1-66.Devincenti, V. C. and A. L. Goldemberg. 1990. Histology and histochemistry of the alimentary canal of Liolaemusmultimaculatus (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), Sec. C, 48(114-115): 21-26. [1993]Devincenti, V. C, L. Goldemberg, and J. M. Chani. 1985. Histologia del tracto digestivo de Liolaemus
multimaculatus. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 1(1-3): 2.Dixon, J. R. 1979. Origin and distribution of reptiles in lowland tropical rainforests of South America. Pp. 217-240,in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph ofthe Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485.p. 239 - in appendix lists Liolaemus (1 species) as occuring in the Eastern Amazon, but the species name is
not provided.Donoso-Barros, R. 1947. Breves notas sobre reptiles chilenos. Boletin del Museo Nacional Historia Natural(Santiago) 23: 107-111.p. 107 - Liolaemus buergeri from Planchon (3000 m); p. 108-110 - redescription of L. buergeri; includesfigure of dorsal head scales.Donoso-Barros, R. 1954. Consideraciones sobre la ecologia de los reptiles del sur de Coquimbo, (Santiago). Zooiatria3(11): 3-5.p. 3 - distribution of Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, and L nigromaculatus zapallarensi; p. 4 - t.d.Liolaemus nigromaculatus sieversi.Donoso-Barros, R. 1958. Phrynosaura reicheiWemcT, 1907, una especie en extinci6n? Investigaciones Zool6gicasChilenas 4: 220-222.p. 220-222 - compares Phrynosaura reichei with Ctenoblepharis adspersus and Phrynosaura marmorata. P.
reichei buries quickly in sand with two or three lateral movements; when the substratimi is hard it becomesimmobile, simulating death.Donoso-Barros, R. 1958. El genero Ctenoblepharis Tschudi en Chile (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae).Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 4: 253-257.p. 254 - redescribes Ctenoblepharis jamesi; a viviparous lizard of the high Andes of Tarpaca (3000-4000 m).Donoso-Barros, R. 1960. Ecologia de los reptiles chilenos. Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 6: 65-72.
- remarks on the ecology and behavior of Phrynosaura reichei, Ctenoblepharis jamesi, Liolaemus alticolor.
26
and L. multiformis multiformis in Tarapaca and Antofagasta, and for L. nigromaculatus, L. n. atacamensis, L. n.bisignatus, L. n. zapallarensis, L. n. kuhlmani, and L. platei in the Atacama desert. ?Donoso-Barros, R. 1961 . Three new lizards of the genus Uolaemus from the highest Andes of Chile and Argentina.Copeia 1961(4): 387-391.p. 387 - t.d. Liolaemus paulinae; p. 389 - t.d. Liolaemus constanzae; p. 390 - t.d. Liolaemus ruibali.Donoso-Barros, R. 1961. The reptiles of the Lund University Chile Expedition. Copeia 1961(4): 486-488.p. 486 - t.d. Liolaemus cyanogaster brattstroemi; also collected: Liolaemus kuhlmani, L. nigromaculatus, L.nigromaculatus atacamensis, L. pictus pictus. L. pictus chiloeensis, and L. platei platei.Donoso-Barros, R. 1964. Ecologia herpetologica del Norte Grande de Chile. Noticiano Mensual, Museo Nacional deHistona Natural, Santiago 101: 6-7.p. 7 - lists Phrynosaura reichei as living in the desert under the nitrite fields and moving bipedally dunnghottest hours of the day; lists Ctenoblepharis jamesi. C. nigriceps, Liolaemus a. alticolor, L. a. walkeri, L.constanzae, L. multiformis, and L. paulinae from the Andean region of northern Chile.Donoso-Barros, R. 1966. Reptiles de Chile. Universidad de Chile, Santiago. 458 pp.
- includes descriptions, distributions, and color plates of Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, andPhymaturus from Chile; p. 271 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroroseus.Donoso-Barros, R. 1969. Observaciones in vivo sobre Phrynosaura reichei Werner (Sauria-Iguanidae). Boleti'nSociedad de Biologia de Concepci6n 41: 85-87.p. 85 - cites number 000.002 as holotype in personal collection from Oasis de Pica. Tarapacd. Chile collectedby Reich in 1906; p. 87-87 - notes on color and behavior.Donoso-Barros, R. 1969. Consideraciones nomenclaturales sobre dos lagartijas Argentinas. Boleti'n Sociedad deBiologia de Concepcion 41 : 93-94.
- Liolaemus anomalus transferred to Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus lentus is a junior synonym of Phrynosaurawerneri.Donoso-Barros, R. 1969. Nota sistematica sobre L/o/aem/ir ifo/rron/' (Girard). Boleti'n Sociedad de Biologfa deConcepcion 41: 95-96.p. 95 - Proctotretus stantoni is a junior synonym of Liolaemus gravenhorsti.Donoso-Barros. R. 1970. Un nuevo reptii de Argentina, Liolaemus emmae (Sauna, Iguanidae). Boletfn Sociedad deBiologia de Concepci6n 42(1969-1970): 23-26.p. 23 - t.d. Liolaemus emmae.Donoso-Barros, R. 1971. A new Ljo/aem?j from Neuquen (Argentina). Herpetologica 27(1): 49-51.p. 49 - t.d. Liolaemus ceii.Donoso-Barros, R. 1971. Iht %tntTi Ctenoblepharis ^nd Phrynosaura. Herpetological Review 3(5): 85.Donoso-Barros, R. 1972. Contribuci6n al conocimiento del genero Ctenoblepharis Tschudi y Phrynosaura Werner(Sauna, Iguanidae). Boleu'n Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 44: 129-134.
- the type species of Ctenoblepharis and Phrynosaura are congeneric; the former is the older name.Donoso-Banos, R. 1973. Un nuevo saurio de Bolivia (Lacertilia. Iguanidae). Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 19(60): 132-134.p. 132 - t.d. Pelusaurus; P. cranwelli designated type species; p. 133 - t.d. Pelusaurus cranwelli.Donoso-Banos, R. 1973. Una nueva lagartija magallamca (Reptilia, Iguamdae). Neotr6pica (Buenos Aires) 19(60):163-164.p. 163 - t.d. Liolaemus sarmientoi.Donoso-Banos, R. 1973. Catalogo herpetologico chileno. Boleti'n del Museo Nacional Historia Natural (Santiago) 31:49-124. [1970]
- includes a key of Ctenoblepharys , Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, and Phymaturus for Chile.Donoso-Banos, R. 1974. Notas Herpetologicas. Boleti'n Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 47: 285-287.
- describes Liolaemus fauna from near the Laguna del Laja, Chile.Donoso-Banos, R. 1975. Nuevos reptiles y anfibios de Chile. BoleU'n Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 48(1974):217-229.p. 224 - t.d. Liolaemus hellmichi.Donoso-Banos, R. and H. S. Candiani. 1950. Reptiles de la provincia de Santiago. Revista de la AcademiaColumbiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fi'scas y Naturales, Bogota 7(28): 482-489.Donoso-Barros, R. and S. Cardinas. 1962. Contribuciones Herpetologicas del abate Don Juan Ignacio Molina.Noticiano Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago 77: 6-8.
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p. 7 - quotes Molina's description of Lucerta Palluma.Donoso-Barros, R. and J. M. Cei. 1970. Probable hibrido interespecifico entre Diplolaemus darwinii y Diplolaemusbibronii. Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepci6n 42: 27-32.Donoso-Barros, R. and J. M. Cei. 1971. New lizards from the volcanic Patagonian plateau of Argentina. Journal ofHerpetology 5(3-4): 89-95.p. 90 - t.d. Vilcunia; V. sylvanae type species designated; p. 91 - t.d. Vilcunia sylvanae; p. 93 - t.d.Liolaemus archeforus; t.d. Liolaemus ruizleali; p. 94 - t.d. Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus.Donoso-Barros, R. and M. Codoceo. 1962. Reptiles de Aysen y Magallanes. Boletin del Museo Nacional HistoriaNatural (Santiago) 28(1): 1-45.
- detailed descriptions and synonomies of Liolaemus bibroni, L. darwini, L. fitzingeri, and L. kingi.Dorst, J. 1962. Nouvelles recherches biologiques sur les Trochilides des hautes Andes Peruviennes {Oreotrochilus
estella). L'oiseau et R. F. O. 32(2): 95-126.Dowling, H. G. 1962. Some like it hot?some like it cold. Animal Kingdom (New York Zoological Society) 65(2):41-47.
- discusses thermoregulation in Liolaemus multiformis.Dowling, H. and W. E. Duelmann. 1974-78. Systematic herpetology: a synopsis of families and higher categories.Herpetological Information Service P^lblications. New York 7: 1-118.p. 75.1 - lists as iguanid genera: Ctenoblepharis (6 species), Liolaemus (47 species), Phrynosaura (3 species),Phymaturus (1 species), and Vilconia [sic] (1 species).Downes, S. J. 1999. Disparity in saurian socialism: individuals, populations and species. Trends in Ecology andEvolution 14(12)[162]: 463-465.p. 464 - summarize study of relationships of visual and chemical communication in Liolaemus by E. Martins,A. Labra, M. Halloy and J. Tolman.Duellman, W. E. 1979. The South American herpetofauna: a panoramic view. Pp. 1-28, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.).The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of NaturalHistory, University of Kansas 7: 1-485.p. 19 - cites Etheridge (1966) that Leiocephalus is related to Liolaemus; p. 20 - cites Cei (1979) that manyspecies of Liolaemus differentiated in the Pleistocene. States that distribution of Liolaemus exemplifies amajor northward expansion in the Andes; p. 21 - distribution map oi Liolaemus.Duellman, W. E. 1979. The herpetofauna of the Andes: patterns of distribution, origin, differentiation, and presentcommunities. Pp. 371-459, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.). The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolutionand dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485.p. 458 - lists five species of Ctenoblepharis, 28 species of Liolaemus, and one species of Phymaturus inappendix, with elevational range and presence/absence in 14 Andean regions. First use of combinationLiolaemus tacnae.Duguy, R. 1970. Numbers of blood cells and their variation. Pp. 93-109, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.).Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 3: Morphology C. Academic Press, New York, xiv+385 pp.p. 96 - table of erythrocyte counts: cites Peiia Roche (1939) for Liolaemus nigromaculatus and L. pictus.Dumeril, A. M. C. 1846. Voyage autor du monde sur la fregate La Venus commandee par Abel du Petrit-Thouars,Zoologie (Mammiferes, Oiseaux, Reptiles et Poissons). Atlas. Gide et J. Baudry, Paris.Dumeril, A. M. C. 1855. Voyage autor du monde sur la fregate La Venus commandee par Abel du Petit-Thouars,Zoologie (Mammiferes, Oiseaux, Reptiles et Poissons). Paris, Gide et J. Baudry, Paris, pp. 285-296.
- small collection of Liolaemus from Chile.Dumeril, A. 1856. Description des reptiles nouveaux ou imparfaictement connus de la collection du Museumd'Histoire Naturelle et remarques sur la classification et les caracteres des reptiles. Deuxieme Memoire.Troisieme, quatrieme families des I'ordre des Sauriens (Geckotiens, Varaniens et Iguaniens). Archives de laMuseum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris 8: 437-588.p. 540 - comment on Proctotretus. Long foomote on the species described by Bell; p. 541 - Proctotretusmosa'icus specimens described from Chile; p. 542 - Proctotretus gracilis specimens described from Chile; p.543 - Proctotretus Magellanicus attributed to Hombron and Jacquinot; p. 557 - Centrura flagellifer.Dumeril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpetologie generale ou histoire naturelle complete des reptiles. Ed. Roret,Paris 4: ii-i-571 pp.p. 179 - t.d. Proctotretus tenuis; p. 273 - t.d. Proctotretus cyanogaster; p. 276 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus; p. 284
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- t.d. Proctotretus Wiegmannii, p. 286 - t.d. Proctotretus Fitzingerii; p. 288 - t.d. Proctotretus signifer; p.290 - t.d. Proctoretus intermedius; t.d. Proctotretus multimaculatus. .Dumdril, A. M. C. and A. Dumenl. 1851. Catalogue mdthodique de la collection des reptiles (Mus6um d'HistoireNaturelle de Paris). Gide et Baudry, Paris, iv+224 pp.
- brief descnptions and varieties of: p. 71 - Proctotretus: P. Chiliensis; p. 72 - Proctotretus Mosaicus. P.Cyanogaster, and P. Pictus; p. 73 - P. Tenuis and P. Gracilis; p. 74 - P. Nigro-maculatus, P. Wiegmannii, P.Fitzingerii, and P. Signifer; p. 75 - P. Magellanicus and P. Multimaculatus; p. 84 - Oplurus Bibronii.Dunham, A. E., D. B. Miles, and D. N. Reznic. 1988. Life history patterns in squamate reptiles. Pp. 441-522, in: C.Gans and R. B. Huey (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 16: Ecology B, Defense and Life History. Alan R.Liss, New York, xi+659 pp.p. 464-465 - primary network of lizard clutch size: includes Liolaemus multiformis; p. 5 14 - appendix on life-history patterns includes L. multiformis.Engbretson, G. A. and V. H. Hutchison. 1976. Erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin content in the lizardLiolaemus multiformis. Copeia 1976(1): 186.
- Liolaemus multiformis have higher blood values than many other lizards.Espejo, P. 1983. Estudio de la variabilidad morfologica, cromosomica y bioquimica en dos especies de lagartos delgenero Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae). Unpublished Thesis, Universidad de Santiago, Chile.Espinoza, N. D. and J. R. Formas. 1976. Karyologicai patterm [sic] of two Chilean lizard species of the genusLiolaemus (Sauria; Iguanidae). Experientia 32(3): 299-301.
- Liolaemus cyanogaster and L pictus examined.Espinoza, R. E. 1995. Viviparity in lizards: ecological adaptation or evolutionary baggage? Bulletin of the EcologicalSociety of America 76(2 supplement Part 2): 75.
- vivipanty may be the ancestral reproductive condition for Liolaemus, and this reproductive mode tends to be
associated with cold climates (high latitudes and high elevations) in this genus.Espinoza, R. E. 1999. Reptiles and herbivory [Book Review]. Herpetological Review 30: 125-126.
- cites Cei (1986) and Troyer (1988, 1991) for herbivory in Phymaturus and some Liolaemus.Espinoza, R. E. and F. Lobo. 1996. Possible communal nesting in two species of Liolaemus lizards (Iguania:Tropidundae) from northern Argentina. Herpetological Natural History 4(1): 65-68.
- possible in Liolaemus alticolor and L. bitaeniatus
.
Espinoza, R. E., F. Lobo, and F. B. Cruz. 2000. Liolaemus heliodermis, a new lizard from northwestern Argentina
with remarks on the content of the elongatus group (Iguana: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica 56(4): 235-244.
p. 236 - t.d. Liolaemus heliodermis: L elongatus group includes L austromendocinus, L capillitas, L.elongtatus, L. heliodermis, L petrophilus, and L thermarum.Espinoza, R. E. and C. R. Tracy. 1997. Thermal biology, meubolism, and hibernation. Pp. 159-194, in: L. J.Ackerman, (ed.). The biology, husbandry and health care of reptiles. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NewJersey.p. 165, 168-169, 176 - discuss various aspects of the thermal biology oi Liolaemus; p. 172 - table 1 includesPhymaturus palluma as an herbivorous lizard with a high activity temperature.Esteban, C. J. de la S. 1965. Anatomia microsc6pica comparada de la lengua de algunos saurios Argentines. Annalsde la II Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoologi'a, Sao Paulo, 1962 2: 235-245.Estes, R. D. 1963. Early Miocene salamanders and lizards from Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy ofSciences 26: 234-256.p. 240-244 - fossil dentanes tentatively referred to Leiocephalus rather than Liolaemus based on tooth shapeand complete closure of Meckel's groove.Estes, R. D. 1983. Sauna terrcstria, Amphisbaenia. Pp. l-xii-t-1-249. in: P. Wellnhofer (ed.), Handbuch derPalaohereptologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stungan, New York.p.35 - an open Meckelian sulcus is a pnmitive condition found in Liolaemus.Etheridge, R. 1964. The skeletal morphology and systematics relationships of sceloporine lizards. Copeia 1964(4):610-631.p. 629 - informal name "tropidurines" proposed for Leiocephalus and a group of South American iguanids;Liolaemus and, tentatively Phrynosaura, are included.Etheridge, R. 1965. The abdominal skeleton of lizards in the family Iguanidae. Herpetologica 21(3): 161-168.
- describes abdominal skeleton of Liolaemus and Phymaturus.
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Etheridge, R. 1965. Fossil lizards from the Dominican Republic. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy ofSciences 28: 83-105.p. 96 - among iguanid genera allied to Leiocephalus, an open Meckelian groove occurs only in someLiolaemus; Liolaemus and Leiocephalus show many similarities; Liolaemus probably is most closely allied toLeiocephalus.Etheridge, R. 1966. The systematic relationships of West Indian and South American lizards referred to the iguanidgenus Leiocephalus. Copeia 1966(1): 79-91.
- Liolaemus compared with other tropidurid genera; Leiocephalus is most like Liolaemus.Etheridge, R. 1966. An extinct lizard of the genus Leiocephalus from Jamaica. Quarterly Journal of the FloridaAcademy of Sciences 29: 47-59.p. 57 - Leiocephalus, Stenocercus, Tropidurus, Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Urocentron, Proctotretus,Platynotus, Plica, and Ohryoessoides appear to form a related group.Etheridge, R. 1967. Lizard caudal vertebrae. Copeia 1967(4): 699-721.
- describes caudal sequence of Liolaemus; Liolaemus have a autotomic tail.Etheridge, R. 1992. A new psammophilus lizard of the genus L/o/ae/nuj (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from northwesternArgentina. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 10(1): 1-19.p. 2 - t.d. Liolaemus laurenti.Etheridge, R. 1993. Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northernArgentina. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 1 1(1): 137-199.p. 148 - Liolaemus darwinii redescribed and lectotype selected; p. 152 - t.d. Liolaemus quilmes; p. 159 - t.d.Liolaemus koslowskyi; p. 165 - t.d. Liolaemus abaucan; p. 167 - t.d. Liolaemus olongasta; p. 171 -Liolaemus omatus redscribed and neotype selected; p. 177 - Liolaemus irregularis redescribed; p. 179 -Liolaemus laurenti included in complex; p. 180 - Liolaemus uspallatensis redescribed.Etheridge, R. 1995. Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the uxonomy of Liolaeminae(Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum of Natural History Novitates 3142: 1-34.p. 2 - allopatric subspecies of Phymaturus patagonicus considered valid species; p. 17 - Ctenoblepharys is amonotypic genus containing only the type species, C adspersa which shares no derived characters either withPhymaturus or Liolaemus; p. 18 - Abas. Ceiolaemus, Pelusaurus, and Phrynosaura are synonyms ofLiolaemus; p. 19 - Rhytidodeira and Velosaura are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 20 - Vilcunia and Eulaemus
are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 22 - Mesolaemus and Ortholaemus are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 31-34 -indented taxonomy of Liolaeminae includes Ctenoblepharys adspersa, 10 species of Phymaturus, and 128
species of Liolaemus.Etheridge, R. 1998. Redescription and status of Liolaemus hatcheri Stejneger, 1909 (Reptilia: Squamata:Tropiduridae). Cuademos de Herpetologia 12(1): 31-36.
- Liolaemus hatcheri is a valid species and is probably a senior synonym of Vilcunia periglacialis.Etheridge, R. 2000. A review of the Liolaemus wiegmannii group (Squamata, Iguania, Tropiduridae), and a history ofmorphological change in the sand-dwelling species. Herpetological Monographs 14:293-352.
- Liolaemus wiegmannii group contains L. lutzae, L occipitalis, L multimaculatus, L. rabinoi, L salinicola, Lscapularis, and L. wiegmannii; L. cranwelli may be a synonym of L.wiegmannii. A phylogenetic analysis ofthe group is presented, and used to determine the sequence of morphological changes that facilitate life on asubstrate of aeolean sand.Etheridge, R. and K. de Queiroz. 1988. A phylogeny of Iguanidae. Pp. 283-367, in; R. Estes, and G. Pregill (eds.),Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating Charles L. Camp. Stanford UniversityPress, Stanford, California, xii+631 pp.
- Liolaemus, Phymaturus, and Ctenoblepharis coded for 49 characters, and placed within phylogenetic contextof other tropidurine lizards.Etheridge, R. and R. E. Espinoza. 1997. New records and natural history notes for lizards from northwesternArgentina. Herpetological Review 28(3): 160-161.
- range extensions and notes for Liolaemus cuyanus, L. koslowskyi, L. laurenti, L. olongasta, and L.pseudoanomalus.Fabian-Beurmann, M. E. and M. I. Vieira. 1980. Sobre a osteologi'a craniana de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger,1885, L lutzae Mertens 1938, e L multiformis simonsii Boulenger 1902 (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Dieringia, SerieZoologia, Porto Alegre 56: 95-102.
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Femandes Barran, E. and M. A. Freiberg. 1951. Nombres vulgares de reptiles y batracios de la Argentina. Physis(Buenos Aires) 20(58): 303-3 19. ,Fernandez, F., R. Laurent. T. Noriega, and S. Saad. 1987. Estudios electroforeticos de proteinas en Liolaemus(Squamata: Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 3(3): 3.Fernandez Llebrez, P., A. M. Lancha Bemal, E. M. Rodriguez, J. Perez, J. A. Andrades, J. M. Grodona, J. M. Mancera,and J. M. Perez Figares. 1990. Colloid droplets in the magnocellular secretory neurons of the reptilianhypothalamus, an immunocyiochemical and lectin-histochemical study. Cell and Tissue Research 26(X1): 69-76.
- Liolaemus cyanogaster examined.Fitch, H. S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. University of Kansas Museum of Natural HistoryMiscellaneous Publications 52: 1-247.p. 31 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966) on viviparity in Ctenoblepharis; p. 38-39 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966)and Pearson (1954) on viviparity and reproductive cycles in Liolaemus and Phrynosaura; p. 41 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966) on viviparity in Phymaturus.Fitzgerald, L. A., F. B. Cruz, and G. Perotti. 1999. Phenology of a lizard assemblage in the dry Chaco of Argentina.Journal of Herpetology 33(4): 536-535.
- Liolaemus chacoensis and L. wiegmannii included in study.Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Bramuller et Seidel, Vienna 106 pp.p. 17 - Tropidurus nigromaculatus Wiegmann designated type species of Ptychodeira; Proctotretus pectinatusDumeril and Bibron designated as type species of Proctotretus; P. tenuis Dumeril and Bibron designated type
species of Liodeira; Liolaemus chilensis Wiegmann designated as type species of Liolaemus; p. 73 - listed as
species of Ptycodeira are P. nigromaculata. P. sigmfer, P. Wiegmanni and P. Fitzingeri; listed as species ofLiolaemus (Procotretus) are L. Natteri, L. marmoratus. and L. pectinatus; listed Liolaemus (Liodeira) are L.oxycephalus, L. tenuis, L. cyanogaster, and L. multimaculatus; listed as species of Liolaemus {Liolaemus) areL. olivaceous, L. chiliensis, and L. unicolor; p. 77 - Phymaturus listed as a synonym of Urocentron;Urocentron Daudini, substitute name for Lucerta palluma Molina 1782.Formas, J. R. 1979. La herpetofauna de los bosques temperados de Sud America. Pp. 341-369, in: W. E. Duellman(ed.). The South American herpetofauna: its ongin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum ofNatural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485.Fox, H. 1977. The urinogenital system of reptiles. Pp. 1-157, in: C. Cans and T. S. Parsons (eds.). Biology of theReptilia, Volume 6: Morphology E. Academic Press, New York, xiv-(-505 pp.p. 87 - cites Zurich et al. (1971) for adrenergic receptors in Liolaemus tenuis tenuis and L. gravenhorsti.Fox, S. F., S. Perea-Fox, and R. C. Franco. 1994. Development of the tail autotomy adaptation in lizards underdisparate levels of predation at the high and low elevations in Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 39: 31 1-322.p. 318 - cite Medel et al. (1990) for more predation on low elevation Liolaemus compared to high elevationspecies in Chile.Freiberg, M. A. 1939. Enumeraci6n sistematica de los reptiles de Entre Ri'os y lista de los ejemplares que losrepresentan en el Museo de Entre Rios. Memorias del Museo de Entre Rios, Parana 11: 1-28.Freiberg, M. A. 1954. Vida de batracios y reptiles sudamericanos. Caesarini Hons. Buenos Aires.Frenzel, P. 1987. Erpolgnche Ersmachzucht von Liolaemus tenuis, einem selten gepflegten Erdleguan aus Chile.Sauria 9(1): 9-12.Frost, D. R. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae).American Museum of Natural History Novitates 3033: 1-68.p. 8 - the third taxonomic outgroup for the Tropidurus group is the Liolaemus group (Liolaemus,Phymaturus, and Ctenoblepharys); p. 19 - a sternal fontanelle is absent in Liolaemus occipitalis and in someother Liolaemus; p. 20 - the shoulder girdle of Phymaturus is inflected at the scapula-suprascapula suture; p.25 - in Phymaturus and Liolaemus the antehumeral fold goes over the gular fold, a condition that may be
correlated with the fatty pouches on the sides of the neck.Frost, D. R. and R. Etheridge. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata).University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Museum, Miscellaneous Publication 81: 1-65.p. 45 - Liolaeminae proposed as a new subfamily of Tropiduridae. The content of Liolaeminae isCtenoblepharys, Liolaemus, and Phymaturus.Fuentes E. R. 1974. Structural convergence of lizard comunities in central Chile and Southern California.Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California Berkeley, 136 pp.Fuentes, E. R. 1976. Ecological convergence of lizard communities in Chile and California. Ecology 57: 3-17.
31
- includes comparisons of California lizards with Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, L.
nigroviridis , L. schroederi, and L. tenuis.Fuentes, E. R. 1977. Autoecologia de Liolaemus nigromaculatus (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Anales del Museo deHistoria Natural de Valparaiso 10: 169-177.Fuentes, E. R. 1978. Evolution of lizard niches in Mediterranean habitats. Pp. 417-444, in: F. di Castri, D. W.Goodall, and R. L. Specht (eds.). Ecosystems of the world 1 1 : Mediterranean-type shrublands. Elsevier SciencePublishing, Amsterdam.Fuentes, E. R. and J. Cancino. 1979. Rock-ground patchiness in a simple Liolaemus lizard community (Reptilia,Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 343-350.
- Liolaemus nigromaculatus and L. platei studied.Fuentes, E. R. and F. di Castri. 1975. Ensayo di herbivoria experimental en especies de Liolaemus (Iguanidae)
chilenos. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 8: 66-75. [1976]Fuentes, E. R. and J. Ipinza. 1979. A note on the diet of Liolaemus monticola (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae).Journal of Herpetology 13(1): 123-124.
- compare proportion and types of ants eaten by Liolaemus fuscus, L. monticola, and L. nigroviridis.Fuentes, E. R. and F. M. Jaksic. 1979. Lizards and rodents: an explanation for their relative species diversity in Chile.Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 12: 179-190.
- propose various speciation models and discuss adaptive radiation in the genus Liolaemus.Fuentes, E. R. and F. M. Jaksic . 1979. Activity temperatures of eight Liolaemus (Iguanidae) species in central Chile.Copeia 1979(3): 546-548.
- field body temperatures provided for Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, L. nigromaculatus, L.
nigroviridis, L. nitidus, L. platei, and L. schroederi.Fuentes, E. R. and F. M. Jaksic. 1980. Ecological species replacement of Liolaemus lizards along a habitat gradient.Oecologia 46: 45-48.
- Liolaemus lemniscatus and L. platei studied.Fuenzalida, M., J. lUanes, Y. de la Vega, E. Berqvist, M. Garcia, J. Wacyk, and D. Lemus. 1981. Comparativeanalysis of egg weight variation during incubation in ovoviparous and oviparous species (lizard and quail).International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 9(8): 676.
- eggs of Liolaemus tenuis tenuis increase in mass during incubation.Fuieri, P. 1969. Sperm morphology in some reptiles: Squamata and Chelonia. Comparative spermatology. Pp.115,in: C. Baccetti (ed.). Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Comparative Spermology. Rome-Siena, July 1969.Furieri, P. 1974. Sperms and spermatogenesis in certain Argentinian iguanids. Revistade Biologia 67(3): 281-300.
- Liolaemus austromendocinus and Phymaturus palluma studied.Gallardo, J. M. 1961. Panorama zoologico argentino: batracios y reptiles. Physis (Buenos Aires) 22(63): 171-180.Gallardo, J. M. 1966. Liolaemus lentus nov. sp. (Iguanidae) de la pampa y algunas observaciones sobre los saurios dedicha provincia argentina y del oeste de Buenos Aires. Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 12(37): 15-29.p. 17 - t.d. Liolaemus lentus; p. 20 - Liolaemus darwinii description and localities; p. 21 - L. multimaculatusdescription and localities; p. 22 - L. gracilis description and localities.Gallardo, J. M. 1968. Dos nuevas especies de Iguanidae (Sauria) de la Argentina. Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 14(43): 1-8.p. 7. Liolaemus lentus exhibits batesian mimicry with Leiosaurus bardensis, which coexist at Ishigualasto.Gallardo, J. M. 1969. Las especies de saurios (Reptilia) de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, y consideraciones sobresu ecologia y zoogeografia. Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 15(47): 73-81.p. 75 - Liolaemus wiegmanni occurs on loose sand at Colonia Mascias.Gallardo, J. M. 1970. Saurios argentinos. n. Los lagartos patagonicos. Ciencia e Investigacon 26(9): 296-403.Gallardo, J. M. 1970. Estudio ecologico sobre los anfibios y reptiles del sudoeste de provincia de Buenos Aires,Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bemadino Rivadivia." Ciencia y Ecologia(Buenos Aires), Zoologia 9(3): 27-67.Gallardo, J. M. 1971. Algunas ideas sobre la zoogeografia de los Saurios patag6nicos. Revista del Museo Argentinode Ciencias Naturales "Bemadino Rivadivia." Ciencia y Ecologia (Buenos Aires) 1(4): 135-146.Gallardo, J. M. 1971. Composici6n faum'stica de los saurios de la provincia de La Pampa, Repiiblica Argentina.Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 17(52): 44-48.
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Gallardo, J. M. 1976. Estudios ecol6gicos sobre los anfibios y reptiles de la depresi6n del Salado, provincia de BuenosAires. Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentine de Ciencias Naturales "Bemadino Rivadivia." Ciencia y Ecologia(Buenos Aires) 2: 1-26.Gallardo, J. M. 1977. Reptiles de los alrededores de Buenos Aires. Editorial Universitariade Buenos Aires, 213 pp.
- chapters on anatomy, reproduction, food, behavior, and taxonomy of Liolaemus gracilis, L. multimaculatus,and L. wiegmanni.Gallardo, J. M. 1979. Composicion, distribuci6n y ongen de la herpetofauna chaqueiia. Pp. 331-349, in: W. E.Duellman (ed.). The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of theMuseum of Natural History, University of Kansas 77: 1-485.Gallardo, J. M. 1980. Estudio ecol6gico sobre anfibios y reptiles del noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires(Argentina). I Reunion Iberoamericano de Zoologi'a Vertebrado, La Rabida 331-349.p. 341 - Liolaemus wiegmanni is oviparous; p. 346 - L. wiegmanni lives in northwest Buenos Airesprovince.Gallardo, J. M. 1982. Los ecosistemas naturales argentinos. Cuademos de Vida Silvestre (FVSA) 1: 3-11.Gallardo, J. M. 1985. La exoistencia de un corredor fauni'stico entre la herpetofauna Chaquena y la litoralmesopotimica. Boleti'n de la Asociacion Herpetol6gica Argentina 2(4): 13-15.Gallardo, J. M., M. Miranda, and M. Tio Vallejo. 1987. Evaluacion de la saurofauna de la provincia de Entre Rios(Repiiblica Argentina). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bemadino Rivadavia" (Zoologi'a)15(5): 87-94.Gallina, S. M. E. Maury, K. Rogovin, and D. Semenov. 1985. Comparacion de dos comunidades de lagartijas de losdesiertos chihuahuense y de Karakum. Acta Zool6gica Mexicana 11: 1-16.Gandolfi, H. 1908. Die zunge der Agamidae und Iguanidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 569-580.Garcia de Oreja, S., J. M. Chani, and M. T. de Mandri. 1989. Rasgos particulares en la dieta de Liolaemus scapularisLaurent, 1982 (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Cuademos de Herpetologia4(l): 1-3.
- examined 32 specimens from southern Salta, Argentina; Coleoptera constitute 65% of the total stomachvolume.Garcia de Oreja, S., M. Procaccini, and J. M. Chani. 1985. Habitos alimentarios de lagartos de ambientes medanosos.Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetol6gica Argentina 1(1-3): 6.Gasparini, Z., M. de la Fuente, and 0. Donadio. 1986. Los reptiles cenozoicos de la Argentina: implicanciaspaleoambientaies y evolucion biogeografica. Acta IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontologi'a y Bioestratigrafia(Mendoza), pp. 119-130.p. 125 - fossils from Santa Cruz Province, age Santacrucense, may be Liolaemus.Gauthier, J. A. R. Estes, and K. de Queiroz. 1988. A phylogenetic analysis of Lepidosauromorpha. Pp. 1 17-281, m:R. Estes and G. Pregill (eds.), Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating CharlesL. Camp. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, xii+631 pp.p. 144 - Liolaemus, unlike other iguanians, have the orbitonasal fenestra bordered laterally by descendingprocesses of the frontal bone.Gigoux, E. E. 1928. E\ Leiolaemus[s\c]nigromaculatus. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 31: 182-185.Girard, C. 1854. Abstract of a report to Lieut. James M. Gilliss, U.S.N. , upon the reptiles collected during the U.S.Astronomical Expedition to Chili. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1854: 226-227.p. 227 - t.d. Proctotretus femoratus; t.d. Proctotretus stantoni.Girard, C. 1855. Reptiles. Pp. 207-229, in: J. M. Gilliss et al. (eds.). The U.S. Naval Astronomical Expedition tothe southern hemisphere during the years 1849-50-51-52. Washington, 2: ix(+2)-t-3(X) pp.
- Proctotretus femoratus, P. stantoni, and P. tenuis recorded from vicinity of Santiago, Chile.Girard. C. 1858. Descriptions of some new reptiles collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition, under the command ofCapt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N.. Fourth part. - Including the species of Saunans, exotic to North Amenca.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9(1857): 195-199.p. 198 - t.d. Rhytidodeira; referred are Proctotretus kingii, P. magellanicus, P. bibroni, P. wiegmanni,Tropidurus nigromaculatus, T. oxycephalus; t.d. Eulaemus: referred are Proctotretus darwinii, P.fitzingeri, P.pictus, P. signifer. P. tenuis, and Liolaemus maculaius Gray; t.d. Ortholaemus: referred are Proctoretusmaculatus D & B, P. wiegmanni (O.fitzroyi); p. 199 - Ortholaemus beaglii (substitute name for Proctotretusmultimaculatus Bell).
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Girard, C. 1858. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under thecommand of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., Volume 20, Herpetology. xvii+496 pp., Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincottand Co.p. 329 - Proctotretus (Proctotretus) splendidus; p. 334 - Liolaemus (Liolaemus); p. 340 - Liolaemus(Liolaemus) chilensis; Liolaemus (Ptychodeira); p. 341 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) gracilis; p. 344 -Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) femorata; p. 347 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) stantoni; Liolaemus (Ptychodeira)cyanogaster; p. 348 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) intermedia; p. 349 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) mosaica;Rhytidodeira magellanica; p. 352 - Rhytidodeira bibroni; Rhytidodeira wiegmanni; p. 353 - Rhytidodeiranigromaculata; Rhytidodeira oxycephalus; p. 357 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus); Liolaemus (Eulameus) tenuis; p.361 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) darwini; p. 364 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) pictus; p. 365 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus)fitzingeri; p. 366 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) affinis; Liolaemus (Eulaemus) signifer; p. 367 - Liolaemus(Eulaemus) maculatus; p. 368 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus); p. 369 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) beaglii; p. 372 -Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) multimaculatus; p. 373 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) fitzroyi.Gliesch, R. 1923. Die Tierwelt von Torres. Neue Deutsche Zeitung (Porto Alegre) 23 pp.
- provides ecological data for Liolaemus occipitalis.Gmelin, J. P. 1789. Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae 1(3): 1035-1514.p. 1060 - lists Lacerta Pelluma.Goetsch, W. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Variabilitat bei chilenischen Eidechsen und Froschen. Zeitschrift fiir InductiveAbstammgunas-Vererbungslehre 62: 67-72.p. 68 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus kuhlmanni nomen nudum .Goin, C. J. and O. B. Goin. 1962. Introduction to herpetology. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco andLondon.p. 129 - body temperature of Liolaemus m. multiformis at high altitude in southern Peru was 31 ?C,although air temperature in the shade nearby was ?C.Gomez, N. and L. Krause. 1982. Lista preliminar de repteis de Esta^ao Ecologica do Taim, Rio Grande do Sul.Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 1: 71-77.p. 74 - Liolaemus occipitalis lives on coastal sand dunes.Gonzalez, C. B and E. M. Rodriguez. 1980. Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of neurons in the supraoptic andparaventricular nuclei of the lizard Liolaemus cyanogaster evidence for the intra-cistemal location of theprecursors of neurophysin. Cell and Tissue Research 207(3): 463-478.Gorman, G. C. 1973. The chromosomes of the Reptilia. Pp. 349-424, in: A. E. Chiarelli and E. Capanna (eds.),Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution. Academic Press, London.p. 373 - cites Gorman et al. (1967) for karyotype of Liolaemus lutzae.Gorman, G. C, L. Atkins, and T. Holzinger. 1967. New karyotypic data on 15 genera of lizards in the familyIguanidae with a discussion of taxonomic and cytological implications. Cytogenetics 6: 286-299.
- Liolaemus lutzae has 12 pair of macrochromosomes, one much larger than the others and probably
representing centric fusion from the original 12 pairs; there are 22 pairs of microchromosomes.Gotch, A. F. 1995. Latin names explained: a guide to the scientific classification of reptiles, birds & mammals. Factson File, New York.p. 82 - Liolaemus altissimus translates as "smooth-throated" + "high [elevation]"; p. 83 - Liolaemusmagellanicus translates as "smooth-throated" + "belonging to [the Straits of] Megellan".Gravenhorst, J. L. C. 1837. Beitrage zur genauem Kennmiss einiger Eidechsengattungen. Nova Acta AcademiaeCaesarae Liopoldina Carolinae Germaninicae Naturae Curisorum 18(2): 712-784.p. 723 - t.d. Liolaemus lineatus; p. 728 - t.d. Liolaemus unicolor; p. 729 - t.d. Liolaemus marmoratus; p.731 - t.d. Liolaemus lemniscatus; p. 732 - t.d. Liolaemus heiroglyphicus; p. 737 - t.d. Liolaemus conspersus;p. 749 - t.d. Phymaturus; p. 750 - lists Phymaturus palluma.Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of the Class Reptilia, 1 10 pp. Appendix to E. Griffith, The AnimalKingdom...by Baron Cuvier, with additional description of all the species hitherto named, and of many not beforenoticed. Vol. p, Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London.p. 44 - t.d. Tropidolepis Belli, may be referrable to Liolaemus.Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of theBritish Museum (London), xxviii-i-289 pp.
- descriptions and synonomies are provided for: p. 210 - Leiodera Chiliensis; p. 211 - Leiodera Gravenhorstii
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and L. gracilis; p. 212 - Leiolaemus (ex error); t.d. L cyanogaster, L. Bibronii; p. 213 - t.d. Leiolaemuslineatus; L. nigromaculatus; t.d. L. inconspicuus; L. pictus; p. 214 - Leiolaemus tenuis, L. sigmifer, t.d. L.maculatus; p. 215 - Leiolaemus Fitzingerii, L. Darwinii, and L. Kingiii; p. 216 - Leiolaemus Wiegmanni,Proctotrelus; p. 217 - Proctotretus multimaculatus; p. 226 - Phrymaturus (ex error), P. Palluma.Greene, H. W. 1982. Dietary and phenotypic diversity in lizards: why are some organisims specialized? Pp. 107-128,in: D. Mossakowsky and G. Roth (eds). Environmental adapatation and evolution. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart,New York.p. 109 - cites Ortiz (1974) for Liolaemus pictus eating snails; p. 1 10 - cites Fuentes and Itinza (1979) formyrmecophagy in L. monticola; p. 1 1 1 - as occasional consumers of plant matter: cites Donoso-Barros (1966)for Ctenoblephasris jamesi; some species oi Liolaemus are "largely or entirely herbivorous."Greene, H. W. 1988. Aniipredator mechanisms in reptiles. Pp. 1-152, in: C. Gans and R. B. Huey (eds.). Biology ofthe Reptilia, Volume 16: Ecology B, Defense and Life History. Alan R. Liss, New York, xii-H659 pp.p. 29, 33, 126, 140 - cites Carothers (1987) for vocalization in Liolaemus chiliensis.Greer, A. E. 1992. The orientation of the embryo on the yolk mass in squamates. Herpetologica 48(3): 343-346.p. 343 - cites Lemus (1967) for Liolaemus gravenhoni [sic] having embryo with left side adjacent to yolk.Gregory, P. T. 1982. Reptilian hibernation. Pp. 53-154, m: C. Gans and F. H. Pough (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia,Volume 13: Physiology D, Physiological Ecology. Academic Press, New York, xiv-(-354 pp.p. 98 - reproductive cycles in temperate zones and high elevations closely tied to winter phase of annual cycle:
cites Pearson (1954) for Liolaemus multiformis.Grimalt, P. E., L. P. Castro, L. S. Mayorga, and F. Bertini. 1995. Epididymal acid hydrolases in the annualreproductive cycle of two lizards. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1 12A(2): 321-325.
- assesed in Liolaemus elongatus and Phymaturus palluma.Gudynas, E. 1981. New departmental records of L<o/aemuj wjegwuwm from Uruguay. Herpetological Review 12(3):84.p. 84 - distribution of Liolaemus wiegmanni now documented to the South Ri'o Uruguay, Rio La Plata, andcontinuously along 750 km of sandy Atlantic Ocean coast in southern Uruguay. Specific localities provided.Gudynas, E. 1981. Comentanos sobre biotopos, habitats, herpetofauna y la biogeografi'a de Uruguay y areas vecmas.Jomadas de Ciencias Naturales, Resiimenes. Centro Educative Don Orone, Montevideo 2: 7-8.Gudynas, E. 1981. Consideraciones sobre la herpetofauna del Uruguay y areas vecinas con una aproximacionbiogeografica. Jomadas de Ciencias Naturales. Resiimenes. Centro Educative Den Orione, Montevideo 2: 5-6.Gudynas, E. 1989. Amphibians and reptiles of a coastal periurban ecosystem (Selymar, Uruguay): list, preliminaryanalysis of community structure, and conservation. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 25(3): 85-123.'Gudynas, E. and J. C. Rudolf. 1987. La herpetofauna de la localidad cestera de "Pajas Blancas" (Uruguay): lisusistimatica comentada y estructura ecol6gica de la comunidad. Comunicaciones do Museo de Ciencias daPUCRS, Porte Alegre 46: 173-194.Gugg, W. 1939. Der Skleralnng der plagiotremen Reptilien. Zoolegische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fiir Anatemie undOntegenie der Tiere 65: 339-416.
- describes scleral ossicles in Liolaemus.Guibe, J. 1959. Catalogue des types de lezards du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Bayeux: Imp. Colas,119 pp.Guichenot. 1848-49. Reptilia. Pp. 18-136, i/j: C. Gay (ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Tome segundo,Zoelogia. Casa del Auter, Paris. Museo de Historia Natural, Santiago, 372 pp.p. 23 - Proctotretus; p. 24 - P. chilensis; p. 26 - P. mosaicus; p. 28 - P. cyanogaster; p. 30 - P. pictus; p. 32
- P. tenuis; p. 34 - P. nigromaculatus; p. 36 - P. Wiegmanii; p. 38 - P. Fitzingerii; p. 40 - P. signifer; p. 42 -P. multimaculatus; p. 46 - P. magellanicus; p. 51 - Oplurus; p. 53 - 0. Bibronii.Giinther, A. 1881. Account on the reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1856): 221-237.Guthe, K. F. 1981. Reptilian muscle: fine structure and physiological parameters. Pp. 265-354, m: C. Gans and T.S. Parsons (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 11: Morphology F. Academic Press, New York, xii+475 pp.
- cites Lemus et al. (1970) and Paz de la Vega-Lemus et al. (1971) for effects of drugs on oviduct ofLiolaemus.Habit, E. M. and J. C. Ortiz. 1994. Home range of P/iymarMruj/ZagcZ/j/er (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). Boletfn de laSociedad de Biologia de Concepci6n 65: 191-195.
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Haffer, J. 1979. Quaternary biogeography of tropical lowland South America. Pp. 107-140, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.).The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and disfjersal. Monograph of the Museum of NaturalHistory, University of Kansas 7: 1-485.p. 131 - cites Vanzolini and Ab'Saber (1968) relating dispersal and differentiation of two species oi Liolaemusin southeastern Brazil to dated climatic-vegetational shifts, and Mtiller and Steiniger's (1977) refutation of theirconclusions.Hall, W. P. 1983. Modes of speciation and evolution in the sceloporine iguanid lizards. I. Epistemology of thecomparative approach and introduction to the problem. Pp. 643-679, in: A. G. J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.).Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,Massachusetts, cxix+725.p. 658 - the correlation between species diversity and chromosomal diversity should also be studied in veryspecies rich genera such as Liolaemus.Hallermann, J. 1994. Zur Morphologic der Ethmoidalregion der Iguania (Squamata) - eine vergleichend-anatomischeUntersuchung. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 35: 1-33.
- Phymaturus palluma, Liolaemus gravenhorstii, and L. tenuis examined.Hallowell, E. 1 856. Notes on the reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philad'a.Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8(1856): 221-237.p. 233 - t.d. Proctotretus niger.Halloy, M. 1989. Agrupaciones nocturan en dos poblaciones del lagarto de alta montana Liolaemus darwinii(Iguanidae) en cautiverio. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 5(3): 7-8.Halloy, M. 1991. Asociacion reproductiva entre dos especies simpatricas de Lio/aemMj, Iguanidae. Boletin de laAsociacion Herpetologica Argentina 7(1): 8.Halloy, M. 1991. Comportamento de inmersion en arena suelta de cinco especies de lagartos del genero Liolaemus(Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 7(2): 5.Halloy, M. 1996. Behavior patterns in Liolaemus quilmes (Tropiduridae), a South American lizard. Bulletin of theMaryland Herpetological Society 32(2): 43-57.Halloy, M., R. Etheridge, and G. M. Burghardt. 1998. To bury in the sand: phylogenetic relationships among lizardspecies of the boulengeri group, Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae), based on behavioral characters.Herpetological Monographs 12: 1-37.Halloy, M., C. Grosse, and R. F. Laurent. 1991. Lio/aem?.j an<fj>iM5 (Iguanidae) de deux cotes des Andes. RevueFran9ais de Aquariologie 18(1991)(2): 61-64.p. 61 - Liolaemus poecilochromis is a subsjjecies of L. andinus.Halloy, M. and S. Halloy. 1997. An indirect form of parental care in a high altitude viviparous lizard, Liolaemushuacahuasicus (Tropiduridae). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 33(3): 139.Halloy, M. and R. F. Laurent. 1984. Clelia rustica (Cope). Revue Fran^ais de Aquariologie 1: 1-2.p. 2 - young Clelia rustica will eat Liolaemus bitaeniatus.Halloy, S. 1978. Contribucion al estudio de la zona de Huaca-Huasi, Cumbres Calchaqui'es (Tucuman, Argentina). I.La biota actual en relacion con la geologia historica. Seminario de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de laUniversidad Nacional de Tucuman, pp. 1-50.Halloy, S. and J. S. Gonzalez. 1993. An inverse relation between frost survival and atmospheric pressure. Artie andAlpine Research 25(2): 1 17-123.
- Liolaemus huacahuasicus can survive subfreezing temperatures at high elevation (4250 m) but not at lowelevation (470 m).Halloy, S. and R. F. Laurent. 1988. Notes eco-ethologiques sur Liolaemus huacahuasicus Laurent (Iguanidae) duNord-Ouest argentin. Revue Frangais de Aquariologie 14(1987)(4): 137-144.p. 137 - Liolaemus multiformis is a synonym of L. signifer, L. huacahuasicus occurs between 3700-4650 min the Cumbres Calchaqui'es in Tucuman Province; includes notes on ecology and behavior with colorphotographs.Heatwole, H. 1977. Habitat selection in reptiles. Pp. 137-155, in: C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.). Biology of theReptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+720.p. 147 - lizards become arboreal in presence of competitive terrestrial species: cites Hurtubia (1973) andHurtubia and di Castri (1973) for Liolaemus tenuis in presence of L. lemniscatus.Hellmich, W. 1934. Die Eidechsen Chiles insbesonders die Gattung Liolaemus. Nach den Sammlungen Goetsch-Hellmich. Abhandlungen Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (N.F.) 24: 1-140.
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- includes detailed descriptions, measurements, localities, photographs, and biogeography of 29 Liolaemustaxa and Phymaturus palluma. ?Hellmich, W. 1938. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. XII. Die Eidechsen des Volccin Villa Rica(Sammlung Schroder). Zoologischer Anzeiger 124(9-10): 237-242.Hellmich, W. 1950. Uber die Liolaemus - Arten Patagoniens. Arkiv foer Zoologi (Stockholm) (2)1(22): 345-353.Hellmich, W. 1950. Die Eidechsen der Ausbeute Schroder (Gattung Liolaemus. Iguan.) (Beitrage zur Kenntnis derHerpetofauna Chiles Xni). Veroffendichungen Zoologische Staatsammlung (Miinchen) 1: 129-194.p. 136 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus moradoensis; p. 142 - t.d. Liolaemus leopardinus valdesianus; p. 144 - t.d.Liolaemus lorenzmulleri; p. 152 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis campanae.Hellmich, W. 195 1 . On ecotypic and autotypic characters, a contribution to the knowledge of the evolution of thegenus Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Evolution 5: 359-369.
- Liolaemus exhibit variation in body size and proportion, extremity length, color, and number of scales
relative to climatic gradients.Hellmich, W. 1952. Ensayo de una clave para las especies chilenas del genero Liolaemus. Investigaciones ZoologicasChilenas 1(7): 10-14.Hellmich, W. 1952. Contribucion al conocimiento de la sistematica y evolucion del genero Liolaemus.Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 1(8): 7-15.Hellmich, W. 1953. Contribucion al conocimiento de la sistematica y evoluci6n del genero Liolaemus. Bibliografia.Investigaciones Zoologicas Chilenas 1(10): 16.Hellmich, W. 1960. Die Sauna der Gran Chaco und seiner Randgebiete. Abhandlungen Bayerische Akademie derWissenschaften (N.F.) 101: 1-131.p. 37 - Liolaemus bibronii recorded from Rio Negro and Chubut; p. 38 - L. chacoensis from Paraguay; L.danvinii from Neuquen; L. elongatus from Rio Negro; p. 39 - L.fuscus and L. goetschi from Neuquen, L.kreigi and L. pictus argentinus from Rio Negro; p. 40 - L. rothi and L. wiegmanni from Ri'o Negro.Hellmich, W. 1961. Bemerkungen zur geographischen Variabilitat von Zio/a^muj a/rico/or Barbour (Iguan.).Opuscula Zoologica (Miinchen) 58: 1-6.p. 2 - Liolaemus alticolor alticolor (new combination); L. alticolor walkeri (new combination).Hellmich, W. 1962. Bemerkungen zur individuellen Variabilitat von L/oZacmuj mu/n/ormii (Cope). (Iguan.).Opuscula Zoologica (Miinchen) 67: 1-10.Hellmich, W. 1964. Uber eine neue Liolaemus -Art aus den Bergen von Catamarca, Argentinien (Reptilia, Iguanidae).Senckenbergiana Biologica 45(3-5): 505-507.p. 505 - t.d. Liolaemus robertmertensi.Hendricks, F. S. and J. R. Dixon. Regenerated tail frequencies in populations of Cnemidophorus marmoratus (Reptilia:Teiidae). Southwestern Naturalist 33: 121-124.p. 124 - cite Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for tail break frequencies in Liolaemus not necessarily related topredation.Hubert, J. 1985. Embryology of the squamates. Pp. 1-34, in: C. Gans and F. Billett (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia,Volume 15, Development. lohn Wiley & Sons, New York, x-i-731 pp.p. 6 - cites Lemus (1967) and Leyton et al. (1980) for embryonic stages in Liolaemus gravenhorsti\ quotesLemus and Duvauchelle (1966) and Lemus et al. (1981) for L. tenuis.Hulse, A. C. 1979. A new Liolaemus (Sauna, Iguanidae) from the high Andes of Argentina, with ecologicalcomments. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 48(12): 203-209.p. 204 - t.d. Liolaemus capillitas.Hunziker, R. 1997. Swifts & spiny lizards. T, F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jeersey, 64 pp.
- discusses husbandry and provides color photographs of several Chilean species of Liolaemus.Hurtubia, J. 1973. Trophic diversity measurements in sympatric predatory species. Ecology 54(4): 885-890.
- includes diet analyses of Liolaemus lemniscatus. L. fuscus. and L. t. tenuis.Hurtubia, J. and F. di Castri. 1973. Segregation of lizard niches in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Pp. 349-360,in: F. di Castri and H. A. Mooney (eds.). Ecological studies: analysis and synthesis. Volume 7. Springer-Verlag,Berlin.
- Liolaemus tenuis becomes more arboreal in the presence of terrestnal lizards; Liolaemus increase theproportion of plant material in their diets at higher elevations.
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Ibargiiengoytia, N. R. and V. E. Cussac. 1996. Reproductive biology of the viviparous lizard, Liolaemus pictus(Tropiduridae): biennial female reproductive cycle? Herpetological Journal 6; 137-143.Ibargiiengoytia, N. R. and V. E. Cussac. 1998. Reproduction of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus elongatus in thehighlands of southern South America: plastic cycles in response to climate? Herpetological Journal 8; 99-105.Ibargiiengoytia, N. R. and V. E. Cussac. 1999. Male response to low frequency of female reproduction in a vivparouslizard Liolaemus (Tropiduridae). Herpetological Journal 9: 1 1 1-117.
- timing of spermatogenesis provided for Liolaemus elongatus and L. pictus.Ibargiiengoytia, N. R., V. E. Cussac, and C. A. Ubeda. 1997. Simpatria de Liolaemus elongatus y L. pictus(Tropiduridae): una hip6tesis reproductiva para explicar su distribucidn en relacidn con el gradiente ambiental.Vni Congreso Iberoamericano de Biodiversidad y Zoologia de Vertebrados, Concepci6n, Chile, p. 91.Ibish, P. and W. Bohme. 1993. Zur Kenntnis der innerandinen Herpetofauna Boliviens (Provinz Arque, DepartamentoCochabamba). Herpetofauna 15(84): 15-26.p. 18 - Liolaemus a. alticolor, L. a. walked, and L. multiformis distribution and affinities in this region; p.21 - color photographs of above species.International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1998. Opinion 1909: Holotropis herminieri Dumeril andBibron, 1837 (currently Leiocephalus herminieri), Proctotretus bibronii T. Bell, 1842 (currently Liolaemusbibronii) (Reptilia: Squamata): specific names conserved, and Liolaemus bellii Gray, 1845 placed on the OfficialList. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(3): 201-203.p. 201 - the name bellii Gray, 1831, published in Tropidolepis bellii, is suppressed; bibronii T. Bell, 1842 aspublished in Proctotretus bibronii, and bellii Gray, 1845, as published in Liolaemus bellii, are placed on theOfficial List of Specific Names in Zoology.Ipinza Regla, J. H. 1985. Formicidos en el contenido gastrico de Liolaemus monticola (Reptilia). Revista Chilena deEntomologia 12: 165-168.
- formicid ants are 95% of the diet of Liolaemus monticola.
Iriarte, J. A., P. Feinsinger, and F. M. Jaksic. 1997. Trends in wildlife use and trade in Chile. BiologicalConservation 81(1997): 9-20.p. 14 - table 8 lists 'small' lizards [including Liolaemus spp.] and Centrura flagellifer among the list of
reptiles legally exported from Chile from 1985-1993.Iturra, P., A. Veloso, P. Espejo, and P. Navarro. 1994. Karyotypic and meiotic evidence for a Robertsonianchromosome polymorphism in the lizard Liolaemusfuscus (Tropiduridae, Sauria). Revista Brasileira de Genetica17(2): 171-174.Iverson, J. B. 1982. Adaptations to herbivory in iguanine lizards. Pp. 60-76, m: G. M. Burghardt and S. Rand (eds.).Iguanas of the world: their behavior, ecology and conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey,xix+472 pp.p. 61 - Phymaturus spp. are considered facultative herbivores or omnivores and not "true herbivores."Jacquinot, H. and A. Guichenot. 1853. Voyage au Pol Sud et dans I'oceanie sur les corvettes I'Astrolabe et la Zelee,
...pendant les annees 1837-1838-1839-1840, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont-D'Urville...Zoologie, parMM. Hombron et Jacquinot. Tome Troisieme. Reptiles et Poissons. Gide et J. Baudry, Paris.
- t.d. Proctotretus mosaicus; pi. 2, fig. 1.Jaksic, F. 1978. i,A que tamaiio se hace herbivora una lagartija? Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso11: 113-116.Jaksic, F. 1996. Ecologia de los vertebrados de Chile. Ediciones Universidad Catolica de Chile, 262 pp.p. 47 - cites a number of publications concerning the karyotypes of Liolaemus.Jaksic, F. M. and E. R. Fuentes. 1980. Correlates of tail loss in twelve species of Liolaemus lizards. Journal ofHerpetology 14(2): 137-141.Jaksic, F. M. and E. R. Fuentes. 1980. Observaciones autoecologicas en Liolaemus nitidus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae).Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15(3-4): 109-124.
- studied microhabitat use, body temperatures, diet, mass of gonads and fat bodies, and frequency of regeneratedtails in Liolaemus nitidus.Jaksic, F. M., H. W. Greene, K. Schwenk, and R. L. Seib. 1982. Predation upon reptiles in Mediterranean habitats ofChile, Spain and California: a comparative analysis. Oecologia 53(2): 152-159.
- includes Liolaemus chiliensis, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, and L. tenuis as prey items fornumerous predators in Chile.
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Jaksic, F. M. and H. Nunez. 1979. Escaping behavior and morphological correlates in two Liolaemus species of
central Chile (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Oecologia 42: 119-122. ^
- Liolaemus fuscus and L. lemniscatus studied.Jaksic, F. M. and K. Schwenk. 1983. Natural history observations on Liolaemus magellanicus, the southernmostlizard in the world. Herpetologica 39(4): 457-461.
- Liolaemus magellanicus is not sexually color dimorphic; ovoviviparous with mean clutch size of 5.5;stomach contents (n = 1) suggest the species is herbivorous; field body temperatures (n = 20) average 27 ?C.Jaksic. F. M., H. Niiriez, and F. P. Ojeda. 1979. Proporciones corporales y utilizacion del hdbitat en doce especies deLiolaemus de Chile central (Lacertilia, Iguamdae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 12: 59-68.Jaksic. F. M., H. Nunez, and F. P. Ojeda. 1980. Body proportions, microhabitat selection, and adaptive radiation inLiolaemus lizards in central Chile. Oecologia 45: 178-181.
- compares 12 species of Liolaemus.Jaksic, F. M., J. L. Yaiiez, and J. L. Schlatter. 1980. Prey of the harris hawk Parabuteo unicinctus in central Chile.Auk 97(1): 196-198.
- Liolaemus sp. eaten.Jerez R., V. and J. C. Ortiz Z. 1975. Distribuci6n altitudinal del genero Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae) en el cerroLa Campana (Parque Naciona! La Campana). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 8 (1975): 58-61.
- present in the park are: Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. moticola, L. nigroviridis campanae, L.schroederi, and L. tenuis tenuis.Jones, S. 1989. Report on other wildlife. Royal Air Force Ornithological Society Journal 19: 33-34.
- Liolaemus wiegmannii has been introduced to Ascension Island.Joseph, C. 1930. Un lagarto viviparo (Proctotretus chilensis Dum. et Bibr.). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 34:282-285.Junior, M. P. 1979. Notas biomdtricas sobre Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Sauria, Iguanidae). Pap^is Avulsos deZoologia (Sao Paulo) 32(16): 201-204.Kay, F. R. 1970. Environmental responses of active lizards at Saratoga Springs. Death Valley. California. GreatBasin Naturalist 30: 146-165.p. 153 - cites Pearson (1954) for ability of Liolaemus multiformis to achieve a high body temperatures athigh elevations in Peru even when ambient temperatures are near freezing.Keller. C. and L. Krause. 1986. The appendicular skeleton of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger 1885 (Sauria,Iguanidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 46(4): 727-740.Klesse, M. C. and J. Moreno. 1985. Ciclo anual de la actividad testicular de Z,io/aemMj cop?jp?n5J.r. Archivos deBiologia y Medicina Exf)erimentales (Santiago) 18(2): R-142.Koslowsky, J. 1895. Batracios y reptiles de La Rioja y Catamarca (Repiiblica Argentina) recogidos durante los mesesde Febrero a Mayo de 1895 (expedici6n del Du-ector del Museo). Revista Museo La Plata 6: 357-370.p. 363 - Helocephalus nigriceps recorded from high Cordilleras of Catamarca. Liolaemus nigromaculatusrecorded from Catamarca. L. lineomaculatus recorded from the Cordilleras of La Rioja; p. 364 - L Danvinirecorded from Chilecito. L. gracilis recorded from Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. L. Fitzingeri recordedfrom Catamarca. t.d. Liolaemus andinus from the Cordilleras of Catamarca; p. 365 - Phymaturus pallumarecorded from high Cordilleras of Catamarca.Koslowsky, J. 1896. Sobre algunos reptiles de patagonia y otras regiones argentinas. Revista Museo La Plata 7: 447-457.p. 447 - Liolaemus chilensis from Neuquen is the first report of species from Argentina. L. lemniscatusreported from Neuquen. L gracilis reported from Chubut. L cyanogaster reported from Neuquen, the firstrecord from Argentina; p. 448 - Liolaemus Bibroni reported from Chubut and Neuquen. L. Kingii reported fromChubut. L. Fitzingeri reported from Chubut. Neuquen, and Rio Negro. L. lineomaculatus reported fromChubut. t.d. Liolaemus elongatus from Chubut; p. 449 - Liolaemus Danvini reported from Chubut andNeuqu6n; p. 450 - t.d. Liolaemus anomalus from La Rioja; p. 451 - Phymaturus palluma reported fromNeuquen.Koslowsky, J. 1898. Enumeraci6n sistematica y distribucion de los reptiles argentinos. Revista Museo La Plata 8:161-200.
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p. 171 - description and range of Liolaemus. Helocephalus synonomyzed with Liolaemus. L chiliensis
reported from Neuquen. L lemniscatus reported from Mendoza and Neuquen. Detailed description of specimensfrom Catamarca identified as L. Stantoni; p. 713 - L. gracilis reported from Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy. L.cyanogaster distinguished from L. bibroni and reported from Santa Cruz, Chubut, Rio Negro, Neuquen, andChile. L. nigromaculatus reported from Catamarca and Atacama, Chile. L magellanicus reported from theStrmts of Magellan to Neuquen. L. Kingi reported from Santa Cruz, Chubut, Neuqudn, and Chile. L. Fitzingeri
reported from Santa Cruz, Chubut, Rio Negro, Neuquen, Mendoza, and Chile; p. 174 - Liolaemus pictus
reported from Neuquen and Chile. L elongatus reported from Chubut, Neuquen, and Mendoza. L tenuis
reported from Neuquen and Chile, t.d. Liolaemus D'Orbignyi from Catamarca; p. 175 - L Danvini reportedfrom Catamarca, San Juan, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut, San Luis, Pampa Central, andnear Bahia Blanca; p. 176 - L. Wiegmanni reported from Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Pampa Central, Rio Negro,Uruguay, and Chile? t.d. Liolaemus Boulengeri from Chubut and Neuquen; p. 177 - t.d. Liolaemus Rothi fromNeuquen; p. 178 - t.d. Liolaemus omatus from Cordilleras of Jujuy; p. 180 - L. signifer described as highly
variable. L. nigriceps from Catamarca and Chile considered a variety of L. signifer. L. andinus said to be basedon a female of this variety; p. 181 - t.d. L. signifer var. zonatus from Catamarca; p. 182 - t.d. Liolaemus
signifer var. multicolor from Jujuy. t.d. Liolaemus signifer vai montanus from Catamarca. L. anomalus
reported from La Rioja. L. multimaculatus reported from Buenos Aires near Bahia Blanca to Mar del Plata; p.184 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus. .Labra, A. 1997. Antipredator mechanisms of Liolaemus lizards: association between cryptic coloration and freezing
responses. P. 164, in: M. Taborsky, and B. Taborsky (eds.). Advances in ethology, 32. Contributions to theXXV International Ethological Conference: Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 20-27 August, 1997, vii+323 pp.Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, BerUn.Labra, A. 1998. Selected body temperatures of seven species of Chilean Liolaemus lizards. Revista Chilena deHistoria Natural 71(3): 349-358. [1999]
- studied in Liolaemus bellii, L. fabiani, L. lemniscatus, L. nitidus, L. p. pictus, L. p. chiloensis, L.schroederi, L. t. tenuis, L. t. punctatissimus.Labra, A. and R. Leonard. 1999. Intraspecific variation in antipredator responses of three species of lizards(Liolaemus): possible effects of human presence. Journal of Herpetology, 33(3): 441-448.
- Liolaemus monticola, L. lemniscatus and L. fuscus studied.Lamborot, M. 1985. Rios como barrera al flujo genico en poblaciones naturales de Liolaemus monticola Mtiller andHellmich (Iguanidae). Archives de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(1): R-70.Lamborot, M. 1985. Variacion morfologica dentro y entre dos razas cromosdmicas de Liolaemus monticola (Iguanidae)separadas por una barrera biogeografica. Archives de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(2): R-143.Lamborot, M. 1991. Karyotypic variation among populations of Liolaemus monticola (Tropiduridae) separated by
riverine barriers in the Andean Range. Copeia 1991(4): 1044-1059.Lamborot, M. 1993. Chromosomal evolution and speciation in some Chilean lizards. Evolucion Biol6gica (Bogota)7: 133-151.Lamborot, M. 1998. A new derived and highly polymorphic chromosomal race of Liolaemus monticola (Iguanidae)from the "Norte Chico" of Chile. Chromosomal Research 6: 247-254.
- diploid chromosomes number from 42 to 44 with several polymorphisms.Lamborot, M. and E. Alvarez-Sarret. 1989. Karyotypic characterization of some Liolaemus lizards in Chile(Iguanidae). Genome 32: 393-403.
- provide karyotypes of Liolaemus chiliensis, L. kufilmanni, L. lemniscatus, L. nigromaculatus, L. nitidus,L. platei curicensis, L. platei platei, L. zapallarensis, and L. sp.Lamborot, M. and E. Alvarez-Sarret. 1993. Karyotypic variation within and between populations of Liolaemusmonticola (Tropiduridae) separated by the Maipo River in the coastal range of central Chile. Herpetologica 49(4):435-449.
- a race of Liolaemus monticola south of the Maipo river has 2n = 34, and a race north of the river has 2n =38-40.Lamborot, M. and M. Vasquez. 1998. A triploid lizard (Lio/aemw5 ^raven/iorsn) from Chile. Journal of Herpetology32(4): 617-620.
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Lamborot, M., E. Alvarez-Starret, I. Campos, and A. Espinoza. 1981 . Karyotypic characterization of three Chileansubspecies of Liolaemus monticola. Journal of Heredity 72: 328-334. ,Lamborot, M. and N. F. Diaz. 1987. A new species of Pristidactylus (Sauria, Iguanidae) from central Chile andcomments on the speciation in the genus. Journal of Herpetology 21(1): 29-37.p. 34 - in sympatry with Liolaemus chiliensis, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, L. nitidus. and L.tenuis.Lamborot, M. and L. Eaton. 1992. Concordance of morphological vanation and chromosomal races of Liolaemusmonticola (Tropiduridae) separated by riverine barriers in the Andes. Zeitschrift fuer Zoologische Systematik undEvolutionsforschung 30: 189-200.Lamborot, M., A. Espinoza, and E. E. Alvarez. 1979. Karyotypic variation in Chilean lizards of the genus Liolaemus(Iguamdae). Experientia 35(5): 593-595.
- describe karyotypes (including macro- and microsome number) for 12 Liolaemus taxa.Lamborot, M. and M. Navarro-Suarez. 1984. Karyotypes and sex determination in Phymaturus palluma Molina(Iguanidae). Herpetologica 40(3): 258-264.
- male 2n = 35 (32 autosomes + X1X2Y sex chromosomes); females 2n = 36 (32 autosomes + XIXIYIYIsex chromosomes).Lamborot, M. and J. C. Ortiz. 1990. Liolaemus pseudolemniscatus, una nueva especie de lagarto del Norte Chico deChile (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Guyana, Zoologi'a 54(3-4): 135-142.p. 136 - t.d. Liolaemus pseudolemniscatus.Latreille, P. A. 1802. ...des Lezards. Pp. 1-332, in: C. S. Sonnini and P. A. Latreille (eds.), Histoire naturelle des
reptiles. Volume 1. Paris.p. 38 - lists Stellio Pelluma.Laurent, R. F. 1982. Descnplion de trois especes nouvelles du genre Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Spixiana 5(2):139-147.p. 139 - t.d. Liolaemus forsteri; p. 142 - t.d. Liolaemus ortizi\ p. 144 - t.d. Liolaemus scapularis.Laurent, R. 1982. Las especies y "variedades" de Liolaemus descnus por J. Koslowsky (Sauria Iguanidae). Neotropica(La Plata) 28(80): 87-96.p. 89 - Liolaemus andinus revived; p. 91 - Liolaemus multicolor revived.Laurent, R. F. 1982. Sinonimia del genero Pelusaurus Donoso-Barros con Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boleli'n dela Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 1(1): 9-10.p. 9 - Liolaemus cranwelli (new combination); Liolaemus cuyanus (new combination).Laurent, R. F. 1983. Contribucion al conocimiento de la estructura taxonomica del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann(Iguanidae). Boleti'n de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 1(3): 15-18.
- characteristics and content of the "chileno" group {Eidaemus available if recognized at generic or subgenericlevel), and of "argentine" group. Discussion of possible affinities of Vilcunia and other Liolaemus not assignedto either of these two groups.Laurent, R. F. 1984. Tres especies nuevas del genero Liolaemus (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Acu Zoologica Liiloana 37(2):273-294.p. 273 - t.d. Liolaemus variegatus; p. 275 - t.d. Liolaemus bitaeniatus: p. 278 - t.d. Liolaemus griseus.Laurent, R. F. 1984. Fenogramas de algunas especies representativas del genero Liolaemus generos vecino (Iguanidae,Reptilia). Acta Zooldgica Liiloana 39(1): 5-17.Laiu-ent, R. F. 1984. On some iguanid genera related to or previously confused with L/o/a^mwi Wiegmann. Journalof Herpetology 18(4): 357-373.p. 359 - t.d. Ceiolaemus; p. 367 - Liolaemus sauridis modestus Tschudi = Stenocercus modestus; p. 370 -diagnoses and content of Liolaemus, Liolaemus (Liolaemus), Liolaemus (Ortholaemus), Ceiolaemus,Ctenoblepharis. and Phrynosaura.Laurent, R. F. 1984. Redescripcion de Liolaemus uspallatensis Macola y Castro (Iguanidae). Boletin del Museo deCiencias Naturales y Antropologicas, "Juan Comeho Moyano" (Mendoza, Argentina) 4: 51-55.Laurent, R. F. 1985. Herpetofauna of the forest remnants of northwestern Argentina. National Geographic SocietyResearch Report, 1977 Projects: 417-427.Laurent, R. F. 1985. Relaciones entre algunos taxa tradicionalmente incluidos en el genero Liolaemus Wiegmann(Iguanidae). Boleu'n de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 2(4): 3.p. 3 - proposes Mesolaemus as a new subgenus for Liolaemus cuyanus.
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Laurent, R. F. 1985. Segunda contribucidn al conocimiento de la estructura taxon6rnica del genero LiolaemusWiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuademos de Herpetologia 1(6): 1-37.p. 7 - Vilcunia lineomaculatus (new combination); uses a discnminant function analysis to characterize thesubgenera: Liolaemus sensu stricto, Eulaemus, Ortholaemus. Rhytododeira, and Vilcunia.Laurent, R. F. 1985. Descripcion de Liolaemus huacahuasicus spec. nov. (Iguanidae, Reptilia) des CumbresCalchaquies, Province de Tucuman, Argentine. Spixiana 8(3): 241-249.p. 241 - t.d. Liolaemus huacahuasicus; photographs, scale drawings, and map included.Laurent, R. F. 1985. Las especies septentrionales del genero Liolaemus Wiegman (Iguanidae). BoleU'n de laAsociacion Herpetologica Argentina 1(1-3): 7.Laurent, R. F. 1986. Descripciones de nuevos Iguanidae del genero Liolaemus. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 38(2): 87-105.p. 89 - characterization of subgenus Ortholaemus; p. 92 - t.d. Liolaemus {Ortholaemus) salinicola; p. 94 - t.d.Liolaemus fittkaui; p. 97 - t.d. Liolaemus irregularis; p. 100 - t.d. Liolaemus poecilochromis.Laurent, R. F. 1988. Algunos datos sobre la variacion geografica de Liolaemus gracilis (Bell). Amphibia y Reptilia(conservacion) - Proyecto Herpetofauna, Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina 1(4): 78.Laurent, R. F. 1990. Una especie apartada del genero Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae, Lacertilia). Acta ZoologicaLilloana 39(2): 79-84.p. 79 - t.d. Liolaemus disjunctus.Laurent, R. F. 1991. Sobre algunas especies nuevas y poco conocidas de Liolaemus (Iguanidae) de la Provincia deJujuy, Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 40(2): 91-108. [1993]p. 98 - t.d. Liolaemus orientalis chlorostictus; p. 102 - t.d. Liolaemus pulcherrimus.Laurent, R. F. 1992. On some overlooked species of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia Tropiduridae) fromPeru. Breviora494: 1-33.p. 2 - gives characters for subgenera Liolaemus and Eulaemus; p. 4-5 - the following are considered synonymsof Liolaemus signifer. L. pantherinus and L. multiformis (of which L. lenzi, L. tropidonotus, L. variablis
crequii, L. variabilis courtnyi, and L. variabilis neveui ait considered synomyms). Two other formspreviously considered synonyms of L. multiformis are considered valid: L. annectens which is considered a
"geographic race" of L. signifer, and L. annectens orientalis; p. 8 - t.d. Liolaemus robustus; p. 15 - t.d.Liolaemus polystictus; p. 22 - t.d. Liolaemus williamsi; p. 30-33 - appendix provides a species lists for thesubgenera; Liolaemus andinus poecilochromus (new combination).Laurent, R. F. 1995. A tentative arrangement of subgenera of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata:Tropiduridae). Bulletinof the Maryland Herpetological Society 31(1): 10-14.p. 1 1 - t.d. subgenus Austrolaemus; tyjje = Proctotretus magellanicus
.
Laurent, R. F. 1995. Sobre una pequena coleccion de lagartos del genero Liolaemus (Tropiduridae) proveniente delextremo suroeste de Bolivia. Cuademos de Herpetologia 9(1): 1-6.p. 1 - lists Liolaemus {Eulaemus) orientalis chlorostictus, L. {Eulaemus) dorbignyi, and t.d. of Liolaemus{Eulaemus) jamesi pachecoi from Laguna Colorada; p. 2 - t.d. Liolaemus {Eulaemus) islugensis erguetae fromLaguna Colorada; states that Liolaemus aymararum probably should be recognized as a subspecies ofLiolaemus jamesi.Laurent, R. F. 1998. New forms of lizards of the subgenus Eulaemus of the genus Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata:Tropiduridae) from Peru and northern Chile. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 44( 1): 1-26.p. 5 - t.d. Liolaemus {Eulaemus) melanogaster; p. 10 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) thomasi; p. 13 - t.d.Liolaemus {Eulaemus) pleopholis; p. 17 - t.d. Liolaemus {Eulaemus) etheridgei; p. 25 - Liolaemus {Eulaemus)
ortizi female described.Laurent, R. F. and T. Noriega. 1988. Analisis morfometrico en Liolaemus alticolor alticolor Barbour (LacertiliaIguanidae) de la coleccion de la Fundacion Miguel Lillo. BoleU'n de la Asociacidn Herpetologica Argentina 4: 6.Laurent, R. and E. Teran. 1981. Lista de los anfibios y reptiles de la provincia de Tucuman. Ministerio de Cultura yEducacion, Fundaci6n Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Miscelanea 71: 1-15.Lavilla, E. O., F. B. Cruz, and G. J. Scrocchi. 1995. Amphibiens et reptiles de la Station Biologique "Los Colorados"dan la provincia de Salta, Argentina (2e partie). Revue Fran^ais de Aquariologie 22(3-4): 117-128.p. 1 18 - color photograph of Liolaemus chacoensis.
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Lavilla. E. O., G. J. Scrcx:chi, and R. F. Laurent. 1993. Claves para la identificaci6n de los anfibios y reptiles de laprovmcia de Tucuman (Argentina). Ministerio de Cultura y Educaci6n, Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucumin,Miscelanea95:5-29.Lee, M. S. Y., and R. Shine. 1998. Reptilian viviparity and DoUo's Law. Evolution 52(5): 1441-1450.p. 1443 - phylogeny of reptiles shows Phymaturus as sister taxon to Liolaemus + Ctenoblepharus [sic], andLiolaeminae as siser taxon to "Tropidurus etc." Phymaturus is shown as viviparous and Liolaemus plusCtenobleparus [sic] are shown as reproductively biomodal.Legrand, C. D. 1959. Comunidades psamofilas de la regi6n de Carrasco (Uruguay). Anales del Museo de HistoriaNatural de Montevideo 67(2): 1-65.Lema, T. and P. C. Braun. 1993. Contribui^ao a herpetologia de Argentina e du Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil porWilliam Wright Milstead (Amphibia, Reptilia). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 10: 261-287.Lema, T. and M. E. Fabian-Beurmann. 1997. Levantamento preliminar dos repteis da regiao da fronteira Brasil-Uriguai. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia (50): 61-62.Lema, T., M. E. Fabian-Beurmann, M. Leitao de Araujo, M. Machado Alves, and M. Ivarra Vieira. 1980. List de
repteis encontrados na rediao da Grande Porto Alegre, Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, SeneZoologia (52): 27-36.Lemus, D. 1967. Contribuci6n al estudio de la embriologia de reptiles chilenos. IL Tabla de desarrollo de la lagartija
vivi'para Liolaemus gravenhorti [sic] (Reptilia-Squamata-Iguanidae). Biol6gica (Santiago) 40: 39-61.
- detailed discussion of embryo development; presence of exclusively viviparous species above 3000 feet andabsence of them below 1800 feet suggests altitude and temperature influence viviparity.Lemus, D. 1981. Tissue interactions in tooth development studied in xenoplastic combinations. InternationalCommunications System (IRCS) Medical Science 9(9): 851-852.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti examined.Lemus, D. and O. Badinez. 1967. Placentaci6n en la lagartija vivi'para Lio/ac/nwj grave/i/iorr/ [sic]. Biologica(Santiago) 41: 55-68.Lemus. D., R. Cabello, R. Lemus, M. Soto, and M. Fuenzalida. 1994. Detection of sugar residues in lizard toothgerms {Liolaemus gravenhonsti) using lectin histochemistry. Journal of Morphology 222(3): 327-335.Lemus, D., L. Coloma, M. Fuenzalida, J. Illanes, Y. Paz de la Vega, A. Ondarza, and M. J. Blanquez. 1986.Odontogenesis and amelogenesis in interacting lizard-quail tissue combinations. Journal of Morphology 189(2):121-129.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis studied.Lemus, D. and R. Duvauchelle. 1996. Desarollo intrauterino de Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Contribucion al estudio deldesarollo embriologico de reptiles chilenos. Biologica (Santiago) 39: 80-98.Lemus, D, M. Fuenzalida, J. Illanes, and Y. Paz De La Vega. 1983. Ultrastructural aspects of dental tissues and theirbehavior in xenoplastic association (lizard-quail). Journal of Morphology 176(3): 341-350.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis studied.Lemus, D., J. Illanes, M. Fuenzalida, Y. Repetio, Y. Paz de la Vega, and M. J. Blanquez. 1987. Electrophoreticcharacterization of soluble proteins from dental tissues (polyphylodonts and diphyodonts species). Journal ofExperimental Zoology 242(1): 43-54.
- Liolaemus tenuis studied.Lemus, D., J. Illanes. M. Fuenzalida, Y. Paz de la Vega, and M. Garcia. 1981. Comparative analysis of thedevelopment of the lizard Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. II. A series of normal postlaying stages in embryonicdevelopment. Journal of Morphology 169: 337-349.Lemus. D.. J. Illanes. M. Fuenzalida, Y. Paz de la Vega, M Garcia. S. Munoz, C. Mery, and E. Berqvist. 1979. In
vitro differentiation of tooth rudiments of adult lizard (Reptilia Squamata Iguanidae). International ResearchCommunications System (IRCS) Medical Science 7(8): 419-420.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied.Lemus, D., R. Martin, M. J. Blanquez, M. Fuenzalida, and J. Illanes. 1984. Estudio comparado del desarrolloembrionario de especies oviparas y una ovovivi'para (Gallus gallus. Cortumix c. japonica y Liolaemus tenuis t.).Zentralblatt fiir Veterin Armedizin. Reihe C, Anatomi'a, Histologia, Embryologia 13(3): 252-260.
- unlike that for birds, eggs of Liolaemus tenuis tenuis increase in size and mass during incubation.Lemus, D.. C. Mery, G. Grunert, and M. A. Montenegro. 1977. Involution of developing tooth buds in the lizard.International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 5: 442-443.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied.
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Lemus, D., C. Mery, M. A. Montenegro, and G. Grunert. 1977. Ultrastructure of cultured lizard embryo ameloblasts.International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 5(8): 377.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied.Lemus, D., C. Mery, Y. Paz de la Vega, and M. Fuenzalida. 1977. Ultrastructure of in vitro cultured lizard embryoodontoblasts. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 5(12): 550-551.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied.Lemus, D., Y. Paz de la Vega, M. Fuenzalida, and J. Illanes. 1980. In vitro differentation of tooth buds from embryosand adult lizards (L. gravenhorsti). An ultrastructural comparison. Journal of Morphology 165(3): llS-Tid.Lemus, D., Y. Paz de la Vega, J. Wacke, and A. Tchemichtin. 1978. Influencia de la variacion termica sobre laactividad espontanea y colinergica del tracto digestivo de Liolaemus tenuis T. Archives de Farmacologia yToxicologia 4: 357-362.Lemus, D., Y. Paz de la Vega, L. Zurich, V. Leyton, and J. Wayck. 1975. Actividad adrenergica en el aparatodigestivo aislado de dos iguanidos. Liolaemus tenuis t. y Liolaemus gravenhorsti (Reptilia-Squamata-Iguanidae).Archivos de Farmacologia y Toxicologia 1(3): 239-246.Lemus, D., J. Wacyk, V. Leyton, C. Casanova, and M. C. Palma. 1974. Relacion entre las variaciones del grosor dela capa muscular, la actividad espontanea y el efecto de la oxitocina en el tracto genital aislado de Liolaemusgravenhorsti y Liolaemus tenuis t. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 9(1-3): 1 1-15.Lemus, D., L. Zurich, Y. Paz de la Vega-Lemus, and J. Wacyk. 1970. Actividad espontanea y efecto de oxitocina en elutero aislado de Liolaemus gravenhorsti y Liolaemus tenuis t. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales(Santiago) 7(1-3): 11-13.Lesson, R. P. 1830. Observations generales sur les reptiles recueillis dan la voyage de la corvette La Coquille. Pp. 1-66, in: Duperry (ed.). Voyage autour du monde execute par ordre du Roi sur la corvette de Sa Majeste La Coquillependant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. ..par M.L.I. Duperrey...Zoologie. Tom. 11, partie 1, (chapter 9).Arthus Bertrand, Paris.p. 36 - t.d. Calotes chiliensis; Plate 1, fig. 2 - spelled "Calotes chilensis".Leyton V., E. Miranda, and E. Bustos-Obregon. 1980. Gestational chronology in the viviparous lizard Liolaemusgravenhorsti (Gray) with remarks on ovarian and reproductive activity. Archives de Biologic (Bruxelles) 91: 347-361.
- gestation takes place in spring and lasts 56 ? 4 days; during development, embryos and fetuses exhibitexponential growth rates.Leyton, V., E. Miranda, and E. Bustos-Obregon. 1982. Cytological characterization of the germinal line duringtesticular differentiation in the lizard L;o/aemu5 graven/ioMff (Gray). Journal of Morphology 174(2): 169-184.Leyton, V., B. C. Morales, and E. Bustos-Obregon. 1977. Seasonal changes in testicular function of the lizardLiolaemus gravenhorsti. Archives de Biologie (Liege) 88(4): 393-405.
- morphological parameters and plasma testosterone are greatest during autumn-winter and decrease aftermating by mid-spring.Leyton, V. and J. Valencia. 1992. Follicular population dynamics: its relation to clutch and litter size in ChileanLiolaemus lizards. Pp. 123-124, in: W. Hamlett (ed.). Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates.Springer-Verlag, New York.Leyton, V., A. Veloso, and E. Bustos-Obregon. 1982. Modalidad reproductiva y actividad cfclica gonadal en lagartosiguanidos de distintos pisos altitudinales del interior de Arica (lat. 18? 10' S). Contribucion sistemdtica alconocimiento de la herpetofauna del extremo norte de Chile. Pp. 293-315, in: El hombre y los ecosistemas demontaiia. Oficina Regional de Ciencias y Technologia de la UNESCO para America Latina y el Caribe,(Montevideo, Uruguay).
- studied reproductive cycles and modes of Liolaemus alticolor, L. aymararum, L.jamesi, and L. multiformis,
all of which are viviparous, have short seasonal reproductive periods, long pregnancies, and live at elevationsexceeding 4000 m.Lichtenstein, H. 1856. Nomenclator Reptilium et Amphibiorum Musei Zoologici Berolinensis. Namenverzeichnissder in der zoologischen sammlung der Koniglichen Universitat zu Berlin aufgestellten arten von reptilien undamphibien nach ihren Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen. iv-i-48 pp. Kdningl. Akademie Wissenschaften,Berlin,p. 9 - t.d. Tropidurus ptychopleurus.Liebermann, J. 1939. Catalogo sistematico y zoogeografico de los lacertilios argentinos. Physis (Buenos Aires)16(48): 61-82.
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p. 69 - Liolaemus bibronii, L. cyanogaster, L. darwinii, and L. elongatus; p. 70 - L. fitzingeri, L. kingi, L.magellanicus. L. nigromaculatus, and L. pictus pictus; p. 71 - L. boulengeri, L. d'orbignyi, L. rothi, L.ornatus, L. tenuis, and L. wiegmani [sic]; p. 72 - L. anomalus. L. hatcheri, L. lineomaculatus, L.
multimaculatus, and L. signifer, p- 74 - Phymaturus palluma and P. patagonicus.Lillo, M. 1 889. Apuntes sobre la fauna de la provincia de Tucumin. Boleti'n de la Oficina Quimica Municipal deTucuman2(2):73-lll.Lobo, F., F. Abdala, and G. Scrocchi. 1994. Desarrollo del esqueleto postcraneal de Liolaemus scapularis (Iguania:Tropidundae). Boleu'n de la Asociacion Herpetol6gica Argentina 10(1): 41-43.Lobo. F., F. Abdala, and G. Scrocchi. 1995. Desarrollo del esqueleto de Liolaemus scapularis (Iguania: Tropidundae).Boiiettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 13(1): 77-104.Lobo, F. and R. E. Espinoza. 1999. Two new cryptic species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Tropidundae) from northwesternArgentina: resolution of the purported reproductive biomodality oi Liolaemus alticolor. Copeia 1999(1): 122-140.p. 126 - t.d. Liolaemus ramirezae (fig. 2); p. 131 - t.d. Liolaemus pagaburoi (fig. 5)Lobo, F. and S. Kretzschmar. 1996. Descripcion de una nueva especie de Liolaemus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) de laprovincia de Tucuman, Argentina. Neotrdpica (Buenos Aires) 42( 107-108): 33-40.p. 34 - t.d. Liolaemus calchaqui.Lobo, F. and R. F. Laurent. 1995. Un nouveau Liolaemus Andin (Tropiduridae). Revue Fran^ais de Aquariologie22(1995): 107-116.p. 107 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) albiceps.Lonnberg, E. 1902. On some points of relation between the morphological structure of the intestine and the diet of
reptiles. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlinger (Stockholm) 28(4): 1-51.
- describes intestinal morphology of Liolaemus nitidis.Loveridge, A. 1959. Notes on the present herpetofauna of Ascension Island. Copeia 1959(1): 69-70.
- Liolaemus wiegmanni present.Luke, C. 1986. Convergent evolution of lizard toe fnnges. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 27: 1-16.
- Ctenoblepharys adspersa, Liolaemus multimaculatus, and L. rabinoi examined along with representativesfrom Lacertidae, Agamidae. Phrynosomatidae, Oplundae, and Tropidundae. Triangular projections that formfnnges on the toes are all found in lizards that live on wind-blown sand. Cites Carothers (unpublished) thatfringes allow lizards to run more efficiently on sand.Lynn, W. G., M. C. O'Brien, and P. Hergenreader. 1966. Thyroid morphology in lizards of the family Iguanidae andAgamidae. Herpetologica 22(2): 90-93.p. 91 - single lobed thyroid found in Ctenoblepharys adspersa, Liolaemus chiliensis, L darwinii, andPhymaturus palluma.Macey, J. R., A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1997. Replication slippage may cause parallelevolution in the secondary structures of mitochondrial transfer RNAs. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14(1):30-39.p. 36 - Liolaemus tenuis listed as representative of Tropiduridae.Macey, J. R., A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1997. Evolutionary shifts in three major structuralfeatures of the mitochondnal genome among iguanian lizards. Journal of Molecular Evolution 44: 660-674.p. 661 - Liolaemus tenuis included as representative of Tropiduridae; p. 669 - tree based on morphology (datafrom Frost and Etheridge 1989) shows Liolaemus as the sister taxon of Anolis; tree based on mtDNA sequenceshows Liolaemus as the sister taxon of Phrynosoma.Machado, C. and O. Rocha Barbosa. 1991. Anatomfa microsc6pica de esofago de Liolaemus luszae Mertens, 1938(Sauria, Tropiduridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 51(3): 561-566. [1992]Macola, G. S. and L. P. Castro. 1982. Una nueva especie del genero Liolaemus del area subandina - Uspallata,Mendoza, Argentina. Liolaemus uspallatensis n. sp. (Iguanidae). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto deBiologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 15: 1-6.
- t.d. Liolaemus uspallatensis.Mallea, A. R., G. S. Macola, J. G. Garcia Saez, and S. J. Lanati. 1983. Sub-clase Lepidosauria Orden Squamata Sub-orden Lacerliiia Familia Iguanidae Lagartos - Lagartijas - Chelcos - Matuastos. Intersectum 15(1-3): 11-20.
- provides distnbution and brief biological accounts of 17 species of Liolaemus and three species ofPhymaturus from the province of Mendoza, Argentina.
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Manzur, E., E. Alvarez Sarret, and M. Lamborot. 1998. Possible non-hybrid origin for triploidy and diplod-triploidmosaicism in a population of Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Chile. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics81(2): 131.Manzur, M. I. and E. R. Fuentes. 1978. Heterogeneidad ambiental y sistema social en la lagartija Liolaemus tenuis.Archivos de Biologfa y Medicina Experimentales 1 1: R- 158.Marcus, A. 1992. Microestructura de las escamas cefalicas de algunas especies de Zioiaemuj (Sauria: Iguanidae). ActaZooldgica Lilloana 41: 257-281.
- includes data for Liolaemus alticolor, L. omatus, and L. scapularis.Marcus, A. and R. F. Laurent. 1994. Nuevos datos de distribuci6n geogrdfica de Liolaemus ruibali (Sauria:Tropiduridae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetoldgica Argentina 10(1): 46.
- Liolaemus ruibali recorded from La Roja Province and adjacent Chile.Marelli, C. 1924. Batracios y reptiles. Pp. 584-596, in: (Anonymous), Elenco sistematico de la fauna de la provinciade Buenos Aires (prochordados y vertebrados). L. J. Rosso y Cia., Buenos Aires.Mares, M. A. and A. C. Hulse. 1977. Patterns of some vertebrate communities in creosote bush deserts. Pp. 209-226, in: T. J. Mabry, J. H. Hunziker, and D. R. DiFeo, Jr. (eds.), Creosotebush: biology and chemistry ofLarrea in New World deserts. Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
- Liolaemus darwinii and Phymaturus palluma are part of the Argentinian cresosote bush community.Marquet, P. 1985. Estudio de algunos ejes del nicho de una comunidad de Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae) en el
altiplano del Norte de Chile. Unidad de Investigacion, Universidad de Concepcion, 44 pp.Marquet, P. A., J. C. Ortiz, F. Bozinovic, and F. M. Jaksic. 1989. Ecological aspects of thermoregulation at high
altitudes: the case of Andean Liolaemus lizards in northern Chile. Oecologia 81: 16-20.
- high elevation Liolaemus alticolor and L. jamesi are compared with lower elevation L. isulgensis and L.omatus regarding the extent of thermoregulation and activity periods.Martori, R. and L. Aun. 1994. Analisis comparativo de la composicion de tres comunidades de Squamata de la SierraGrande de Cordoba, Argentina. Cuademos de Herpetologia 8(10): 97-103.
- references to Liolaemus boulengeri, L. chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. gracilis, L. melanops, L. multimaculatus,and L. saxatilis.Martori, R. and L. Aun. 1995. Relevamiento de la herpetofauna de las Sierras Pampeanas del este en la provincia deCordoba (Argentina) (registro de taxa y comentarios taxonomicos). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 43(1): 87-97.p. 94 - lists Liolaemus chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. saxatilis, and L. wiegmannii.Martori, R. and L. Aun. 1995. Reproductive fat body cycle of Liolaemus wiegmannii in central Argentina.Herpetologica 31(4): 578-581.Marx, H. 1960. A new iguanid lizard of tiie genus CfenoWep/wm. Fieldiana Zoology 39(37): 407-409.p. 407 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis schmidti.Mattison, C. 1989. Lizards of the world. Facts on File, New York and Oxford, 192 pp.p. 47 - Liolaemus multiformis is black and has a preferred body temperature of 35 ?C which is warmer thanever reached by the air temperature of its environment; p. 93 - Liolaemus and Centrura commonly found up to3000 m and occur even higher in some places; p. 131 - Vilcunia, Liolaemus, and Centrura in the Andes areadapted to withstand extremes of temperature and long dry periods.McCoy, C. J. and E. J. Censky. 1982. Herpetological type specimens in Carnegie Museum of Natural History.Annals of the Carnegie Museum 51(15); 317-330.p. 326 - lists holotype and paratypes of Liolaemus capillitas.McGuire, J. A. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of crotaphytid lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae). Bulletin ofCarnegie Museum of Natural History 32: 1-143.p. 130 - appendix 3 (outgroup data matrix) lists character states for Phymaturus palluma, P. patagonicuspatagonicus, P. p. payuniae, P. p. somuncurensis , P. p. zapalensis, P. puruie, and P. sp.Medel, R. G. 1992. Costs and benefits of tail loss: assessing economy of autotomy in two lizard species of centralChile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 65(3); 357-361.
- Liolaemus altissimus and L. fuscus examined.Medel, R. G., J. E. Jimenez, S. F. Fox, and F. M. Jaksic. 1988. Experimental evidence that high populationfrequencies of lizard tail autotomy indicate inefficient predation. Oikos 53: 321-324.
- studied in Liolaemus altissimus, L. lemniscatus, and L. monticola.Medel, R. G., P. A. Marquet, S. F. Fox, and F. M. Jaksic. 1990. Depredacion sobre lagartijas en Chile central:importancia relativa de atributos ecologicos y morfol6gicos. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 63(3): 261-266.
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- studied predation in Liolaemus altissimus, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. leopardinus. and L. monticola.Lizards from higher elevations and those with saxicolous habits suffered higher predation.Medel, R., P. A. Marquet, and F. M. Jaksic. 1988. MicrohabiUt shifts of lizards under different contexts of sympatry:a case study with South American Liolaemus. Oecologica 76: 567-569.
- Liolaemus tenuis shifts to higher perches in the presence of L. pictus.Melville, J. and R. Swain. 1997. Spatial separation in two sympatric skinks, Niveoscincus microlepidotus and N.meraWicwi, from Tasmania. Herpetologica 53(1): 126-132.
p. 131-132 - cite Marquet et al. (1989) on habitat selection in Liolaemus.Mendez de la Cruz, F., G. Casas-Amdreu, and M. Villagran Santa Cruz. 1992. Variaci6n anual en la alimentacion ycondicion fisica de Sceloporus mucronatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) en la Sierra del Ajusco, Distrito Federal, Mexico.Southwestern Naturalist 37: 349-355.p. 353 - cites Greene (1982) that ingestion of vegetation decreases when insects are more available inLiolaemus.Mertens, R. 1928. Die herpetologische Ausbeute der letzten Reise Dr. H. Rohde's nach Brasilien. Bl. AquarienTerranen 39(15): 295-302.p. 302 - mentions Liolaemus occipitalis from near Rio Grande do Sul.Mertens, R. 1938. Bemerkungen iiber die brasilianischen Arten der Gattung L/o/aemws. Zoologischer Anzeiger(Leipzig) 123(7-9): 220-222.p. 220 - Liolaemus gleischi is a synonym of L. occipitalis; p. 221 - t.d. Liolaemus lutzae.Mertens, R. 1956. Biologische Reiseskizzen aus Peru. II. In den Wiiste Perus. Natur und Volk (Frankfurt a.M.) 86(9): 318-327.p. 320-321 - color pattern, habits, and photograph of Ctenoblepharys adspersa.Meyer, D. L.. W. Graf, and U. V. Seydlitz Kurzbach. 1979. The role of integrators in maintaining activity assumedabnormal postures a study of postural mechanisms in geckos. Journal of Comparative Physiology 131A(3): 235-246.
- cite abnormal postures in Liolaemus.Meyer, F. A. A. 1795. Synopsis Reptilium, novam ipsorum sistens generum methodum Gottingensium huius ordinisanimalium enumerationem. Vandenhoek et Ruprecht, Gottingae, 32 pp.p. 217 - lists Cordylus paeluma, reference to Gmelin (1789).Michaud, E. J. and J. R. Dixon. 1989. Prey items of 20 species of the Neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis.Herpetological Review 20(2): 39-41.p. 41 - cites Lema et al. (1983) for Liolaemus occipitalis eaten by Liophis poecilogyrus pictostriatus.Miles, D. B. 1994. Covariation between morphology and locomotor performance in sceloporine lizards. Pp. 205-235,in: L. J. Vitt and E. R. Pianka (eds.). Lizard ecology: historical and experimental perspectives. PrincetonUniversity Press, Pinceton, New Jersey, xii+403 pp.
- p. 210 and 231 - cites Jaksic et al. (1980) for lack of morphological correlates with ecological divergence inLiolaemus.Milstead, W. W. 1956. A small collection of amphibians and reptiles from Argentina. Revista Brasileira de Biologia16: 321-325.
- lists Liolaemus darwini from Buenos Aires area.Miranda. J. C. and J. C. Cavicchia. 1989. Cambios ultraestructurales de las uniones intercelulares (barrerahematotesticular) en lagartos preandinos durante el ciclo espermatogenico anual. Boletin de la Asociaci6nHerpetologica Argentina 5(3): 6.Molina, G. I. 1782. Saggio suUa Storia Naturale del Chili. Stamperia di S. Tommaso d'Aquino, Bologne, 368 pp.p. 217 - t.d. Lucerta [sic] Palluma.Molina, G. I. 1810. Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili di Gio. Fratell: Masie. ed. 2, Bologne, 308 pp.p. 189 - Lacerta Palluma mentioned.Monguillot, J. C. 1991. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus darwinii y Liolaemus gracilis (Reptilia: Iguanidae).Boleu'n de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 7(2): 9.Montenegro, M. A., D. Lemus, C. Mery, and G. Grunert. 1978. Ultrastructural changes in developing ameloblasts ofa lizard. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 6(9): 371-372.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied.Moody, S. M. 1983. The rectus abdominis muscle complex of the Lacertilia: terminology, homology, and assumedpresence in primitive iguanian lizards. Pp. 195-221, in: A. G. J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.). Advances in
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herpetology and evolutionary biology: essays in honor of Emest E. Williams. Museum of ComparativeZoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, xix+725.p. 203 - cites Etheridge (pers. conmi.) for affinities of Pelusaurus and Vilcunia to the Liolaemus-Ctenoblepharys complex; p. 204 - absent are the later, or superficial second layer of the M. rectus abdominisand a vestigial muscle slip overlying the M. pectoralis in Phymaturus palluma.
- fifteen species of Liolaemus and two species of Phymaturus studied.Morando, M. and L. J.. Avila. 1999. Liolaemus gracilis [Geographic distribution]. Herpetological Review, 30(2):110.
- first record from San Luis Province.Moro, S. A. and V. Abdala. 1998. Cranial myology of some species of Liolaemus and Phymaturus (Squamata:Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Amphibia-Reptilia 19:171-192.Miiller, J. 1994. Zur besseren Kermtnis des Gestreiften Erdleguans L/o/aemui /emm'scarui Gravenhorst, 1830. Sauria16(1): 35-38.
- provides a description and distribution of Liolaemus lerrmiscatus in Chile with notes on husbandry andintraspecific behavior in captivity.Miiller, L. 1924. Ueber neue oder seltene Mittel- und sudamerikanische Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitteilugen ausdem Zoologisches Museum in Berlin 11(1): 75-93.p. 81 - t.d. Liolaemus annectens orientalis.Muller, L. 1928. Herpetologische Mitteilungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 77: 61-84.p. 62 - reiterates Werner's characterization of Phrynosaura and designates Phrynosaura reichei as type of genus;examined type of Leiosaurus {Helocephalus) marmoratus and concludes that it is a synonym of Phrynosauramarmorata\ p. 63 - Phrynosaura marmorata redescribed; p. 64 - t.d. Phrynosaura wemeri.Muller, L. 1941. Uber die in der Sammlung des Zoologischen Institutes der Universitat Halle a. Saale aufbewahrtenAmphibien und Reptilientypen. Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaftlich - Medizinische Grundlagenforschung 94:182-205.p. 13-14 - redescribes Leiosaurus (Helocephalus) marmoratus Burmeister, 1861; notes his earlier (1928)reassignment of this species to Phrynosaura.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Beitrage zur Kennmis der Herpetofauna Chiles. II. Neue Liolaemus Arten undRassen aus den Hoch-Anden Chiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger 97(1 1-12): 307-329.p. 309 - t.d. Liolaemus leopardinus leopardinus; p. 314 - t.d. Liolaemus leopardinus ramonensis; p. 318 - t.d.Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroviridis; p. 326 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis minor.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. III. Liolaemus altissimus
altissimus, Liolaemus altissimus araucaniensis . Zoologischer Anzeiger 98(7-8): 197-208.p. 197 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus altissimus; p. 205 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus araucaniensis.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Beitrage zur Kennmis der Herpetofauna Chiles. IV. Liolaemus monticola, ein
weiterer neuer Rassenkreis aus den Hochanden Chiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger 99(7-8): 177-192.p. 177 - t.d. Liolaemus monticola monticola; p. 183 - t.d. Liolaemus monticola chillanensis; p. 189 - t.d.Liolaemus monticola villaricensis.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1933. Beitrage zur Kennmis der Herpetofauna Chiles. VI. Ueber einige Liolaemus Artendes Berliner Naturkundhchen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger 101(5-6): 121-134.p. 129 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus ater.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1933. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. VII. Der Rassenkreis desLiolaemus nigromaculatus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 103(5-6): 128-142.p. 129 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus atacamensis; p. 132 - Liolaemus nigromaculatus bisignatus (newcombination); p. 135 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus copiapensis; p. 137 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus
zapallarensis; p. 139 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus kuhlmanni.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1933. Beitrage zur Kennmis der Herpetofauna Chiles. VIH. Bemerkungwen uberLiolaemus tenuis (Dumeril et Bibron). Zoologischer Anzeiger 104(11-12): 304-310.p. 307 - t.d. Liolaemus tenuis punctatissimus.Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1935. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. JX. Xiher Liolaemus buergeriWerner. Zoologischer Anzeiger 109(5-6): 121-128.p. 122 - detailed description and illustration of Liolaemus buergeri.
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Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1938. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. XI. Uber zwei neue Liolaemus -Formen aus der chilenischen Kordillere (Sammlung Schroder). Zoologischer Anzeiger 122(9- 10)j 225-237.p. 225 - t.d. Liolaemus schroderi; p. 231 - t.d. Liolaemus platei curicensis.Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1938. Liolaemus -Arten aus den Westlichen Argentinien. Ergebnisse de Argentinienreisevon Prof. Dr. W. Goetsch, Breslau. 1. Liolaemus danvini und Liolaemus goetschi n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger123(5-6): 130-142.p. 130 - t.d. Liolaemus goetschi.Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1939. Liolaemus -Arten aus den Westlichen Argentinien. 11. Uber eine neue Liolaemus
altissimus -Rasse von Volcan Copahue. Zoologischer Anzeiger 125(5-6); 113-119.
p. 113 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus neuquensis.Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1939. Liolaemus -Arten aus den westlichen Argentinien. HI. Ueber Liolaemus kriegi,
eine neue Liolaemus -Art aus des gegend der Lago Nahuel Huapi. Zoologischer Anzeiger 127(1-2): 44-47.
p. 44 - t.d. Liolaemus kriegi.Muller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1939. Liolaemus -Arten aus den westlichen Argentinien. IV. Uber Liolaemus -Arten ausdem Temtorien Rio Negro und Neuquen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 128(1-2): 1-17.
p. 7 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus argentinus; p. 12 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus chiloeensis.Miiller, P. 1975. Zum Vorkommen von Liolaemus occipitalis im Staat von Santa Catarina (Brasilien) (Sauria,Iguanidae). Salamandra 11(1): 57-59.Miiller, P. 1976. Biotope des brasilianischen Erdleguans Liolaemus occipitalis. Aquarium Aqua Terra 1(X84): 268-271.Miiller, P. and H. Steiniger. 1977. Evolutionsgeschwindigkeit, Verbreitung und Verwandtschaft brasilianischerErdleguane der Gattung Liolaemus (Sauria-Iguanidae). Mitteilungen 9; Schwerpunkt fiir Biogeographie derUniversitat des Saalandes, Saarbriiken 1-17.Miiller, P. and H. Steiniger. 1978. Chorologie und Differenzierungsgeschwindigkeit brasilienianischer LiolaemusArten (Sauna-Iguainidae). Verhandlungen Gesselshaft fiir Okologie 7(1977): 429-440.
- the three species of Liolaemus from Brazil, L. occipitalis. L wiegmannii,and L. lutzae, constitute a
superspecies; the suggestion by Vanzolini and Ab'Saber that L. occipitalis and L. lutzae are each others closest
relatives and have been seperated for only 2500 to 3700 yb present is contradicted by evidence.Miiller, P. and H. Steiniger. 1978. Karyotyp und Chromosomensatz von Liolaemus occipitalis und Liolaemuswiegmanni (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Salamandra 14(4): 215.
p. 215 - Liolaemus occipitalis and L. wiegmanni have 2n = 34, 12 macro- and 22 microchromosomes, one ofthe latter being very large.Nath, V. 1965. Animal gametes (male). A morphological and cytochemical account of spermatogenesis. AsiaPublishing House, London, xvi-(-162 pp.Navarro, J. 1983. Estudio de la diversidad morfologica, cromos6mica y bioquimica en cinco poblaciones de Liolaemus(Squamata-Iguanidae). Tesis, Facultad de Ciencias Basica y Farmacologia, Universidad de Chile.Navarro, J. 1985. Variacion genetica en poblaciones de Liolaemus,Tropidurus y Phymaturus (Squamata-Iguanidae).Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(1): R-71.Navarro, J. 1985. Variacion genetica en especies del genero Liolaemus (Squjunata: Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia yMedicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(2): R-152.Navarro, J. 1992. Cariotipos de trece especies de lagartijas del noroeste argentino de los grupos Liolaemus, Eulaemusy Ortholaemus. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 41: 225-230.Navarro, J. and H. Niiiiez. 1992. Acerca de la ausencia de poros precloacales en Liolaemus cristiani, nominacion del
alotipo y cariotipo de la especie. Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 323: 35-38.p. 37 - karyotype of Liolaemus cristiani: 2n = 32, 12 macro- and 20 microchromosomes.Navarro, J. and H. Nunez. 1993. Liolaemus patriciaturrae y Liolaemus isabelae, dos nuevas especies de lagartijaspara el norte de Chile. Aspectos biogeograficos y citotaxondmicos (Squamata, Tropiduridae). Boletin del MuseoNacional de Historia Natural Chile 44: 99-1 13.p. 101 - t.d. Liolaemus patriciaiturrae; figs. 1, 2; p. 103 - t.d. Liolaemus isabelae; fig. 3.Navarro, J.. M. Sallaberry, A. Veloso, and J. Valencia. 1981. Diversidad cromos6mica en lagartos (Sauria-Iguanidae).
I. Avances citotaxonomicos. Perspectivas de estudios evolutivos en Iguanidae. Medio Ambiente (Chile) 5(1):23-38.
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Navarro, J., A. Veloso, J. Valencia, and M. Sallaberry. 1978. Diversidad de las lagartijas del genero Liolaemus de lazona Central de Chile. Archives de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 12(1): R-222.Newton, W. D. and S. E. Trauth. 1992. Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus(Sauria: Teiidae). Herpetoiogica 48(3): 330-343.p. 339-341 - cite Furieri (1974) for comparisons with Phymaturus palluma and Liolaemus austromendocinus.Nolly, H. L. and J. C. Fasciolo. 1972. The renin-angiotensin system through the phylogeneUc scale. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology 41A(2): 249-254.p. 25 1 - table 3 (renin activity) provided for Phymatura [sic] palluma and Liolaemus darwini.Norris, K. S. 1967. Color adaptation in desert reptiles and its thermal relationships. Pp. 162-229, in: W. W. Milstead(ed.). Lizard ecology: a symposium. University Press of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.p. 218-220 - cites Pearson (1954) for relationship between body color and high-elevation thermoregulation inLiolaemus multiformis.Nunez, H. 1985. Clave para la determinacion de las especies de reptiles de la region de la Araucania (Iguanidae yColubridae). Boleti'n Museo Regionale Araucam'a, Temuco (Chile) 2: 131-133.Nunez, H. 1989. Comentarios de libros y revistas. Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina.Herpetofauna de las zonas aridas y semiaridas (Jose M. Cei). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 62: 279-282.Niiiiez, H. 1991. Nueva clave para los reptiles de la octava region, Biobio, Chile. Comunicaciones del MuseoRegional de Concepcion (Chile) 5: 43-45.Niinez, H. 1992. Geographical data of Chilean lizards and snakes in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Santiago,Chile. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 91: 1-29.p. 8 - Liolaemus puritamensis is a junior synonym of L. dorbignyi.Niinez, H. 1996. Autecologiacomparadadedos lagartijas de Chile Central. Publicacion Ocasional Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural (Santiago) 50: 5-60.Niinez, H. and S. F. Fox. 1989. Liolaemus puritamensis, a new species of iguanid lizard previously confused withLiolaemus multiformis (Squamata: Iguanidae). Copeia 1989(2): 456-460.p. 457 - t.d. Liolaemus puritamensis; p. 459 - karyotype is 2n = 34, 12 macro- and 22 microchromosomes(idiogram included).Niiiiez, H. and F. Jaksic. 1992. Lista comentada de los reptiles terrestres de Chile continental. Boleti'n del MuseoNacional de Historia Natural Chile 43: 63-91.p. 69 - Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroroseus is a junior synonym of L constanzae; L. donosoi is a juniorsynonym of L. constanzae; p. 75 - L. pantherinus is a valid species?not a synonym of L. omatus; p. 79 -Phrynosaura includes P. audituvelatus, P. reichei, and P. stolzmanni; Velosaura includes V. aymararum andV. jamesi.Niiiiez, H. and M. A. Labra. 1985. Ljo/aemuj cum, a new lizard from the Los Andes Range, central Chile. Copeia1985(3): 556-559.p. 557 - t.d. Liolaemus curis.Niifiez. H., P. A. Marquet, R. G. Medel, and F. M. Jaksic. 1989. Niche relationships between two sympatricLiolaemus lizards in a fluctuating environment: the "lean" versus "feast" scenario. Herpetoiogica 23(1): 22-28.
- Liolaemus fuscus and L. lemniscatus compared in same microhabitat.Niiiiez, H. and J. Navarro. 1992. Liolaemus rosenmanni, una nueva especie Chilena de lagartija relacionada al groupo
"ruibali." Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 43: 55-62.
p. 56 - t.d. Liolaemus rosenmanni.Niiiiez, H., J. Navarro, and J. Loyola. 1991. Liolaemus maldonadae y Liolaemus cristiani, dos especies nuevas delagartijas para Chile (Reptilia, Squamata). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 42: 79-88.p. 80 - t.d. Liolaemus maldoruidae; p. 84 - t.d. Liolaemus cristiani.Niinez, H. and J. C. Torres-Mura. 1992. Adiciones a la herpetofauna de Chile. Noticiario Mensual del MuseoNacional de Historia Natural (Chile) 322: 3-8.
- Liolaemus cf. ceii, L. eleodori, and L. cf. vallecurensis added to herpetofauna of Chile.Niiiiez, H. and J. Yaiiez. 1983. Ctenoblepharis audituvelatus new species, a lizard from northern Chile (Reptilia:Iguanidae). Copeia 1983(2): 454-457.p. 454 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis audituvelatus.Niiiiez, H. and J. Yaiiez. 1983-1984. Ctenoblepharis erroneus nov. sp. de Iguanidae para la Zona Norte de Chile.Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 40: 91-95.p. 92 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis erroneus.
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Niinez, H. and J. Yafiez. 1983-84. Abas y Velosaura nuevos generos de lagartos Iguanidae y proposicionessistemiticas respecto de los grupos aliados (Reptilia: Squamata). Boletfn del Museo Nacional deiiistoria NaturalChile 40: 97-105.p. 99 - t.d. Abas, Liolaemus fabiani designated type species; Abas insolitus (new combination); p. 100 - t.d.Velosaura, Liolaemus aymararum designated type species; Velosaura jamesi (new combination); p. 101 -Phrynosaura audituvelatus (new combmation).Nunez, H. and J. Yaiiez. 1984. Colas de lagartijas del genero Liolaemus: autotomia e influencia en la predaci6n.Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 19(1): 1-8.
- thirteen Chilean species of Liolaemus studied.Niinez. H., J. Yafiez, and F. Jaksic. 1981. Presuntos hfbridos entre Liolaemus lemniscatus, Gravenhorst 1838 yLiolaemus fuscus Boulenger, 1885 en Chile central. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 38:69-71.Niiriez, H., J. Yaiiez, and F. Jaksic. 1981. Proporciones corporales y utilizaci6n del habitat en dos poblacionescontiguas de Liolaemus lemniscatus Gravenhorst. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 38: 73-76.Niifiez, H., J. Yafiez, F. Jaksic, and F. Ojeda. 1978. Proporciones corporales y preferencia de habitat en especies deLiolaemus (Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 1 1 : R-200.Oliveira Rodrigues, H. D. 1992. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillana) maricaensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Capillaridae)and remarks on the helminthological fauna of Liolaemus luizae Mertens, 1938 (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Memoriasdo Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 87(2): 297-300.Olmo, E. 1986. Reptilia. In: J. Bernard (series ed.). Animal cytogenetics. Volume 4: Chordata 3. GebruderBomtraeger, Berlin and Stuttgart, iv+100 pp.
- comments on karyotypes of Liolaemus and Phymaturus
.
Orians, G. H. and O. T. Solbrig (eds.). 1977. Convergent evolution in warm deserts: an examination of strategies andpatterns in deserts of Argentina and the United States. US/IBP Synthesis Series 3, Dowden. Hutchinson & Ross,Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.p. 271 - appendix J lists seven species of Liolaemus from three sites in the Monte desert.Orrego Aravena, R. 1971. Reptiles de La Pampa. Bibliographia Pampeana-Sene FoUetos 14: 1-68.Ortiz, J. C. 1973. Nota distribucional sobre el L/o/aemu5 p/o/e/ p/arei Werner (Squamata: Iguanidae). Anales delMuseo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 6: 75-77.
- new southern records for Liolaemus platei platei in Chile; Quebrada Paposo is the furthest south.Ortiz, J. C. 1974. Reptiles del Parque Nacional "Vicente Perez Rosales." I.-Habitos alimenticios en Liolaemus pictuspictus, Dumeril et Bibron (Squamata-Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Histona Natural de Valparaiso 7: 317-326.
- stomach contents from 66 specimens contained Diptera, Homonoptera, Hymonoptera, Coleoptera, andAraneae; no significant differences among localities, but adults prefer coleoptera and juveniles prefer spiders.Ortiz, J. C. 1975. Una nueva especie de lagartija Chilena, Liolaemus donosoi Ortiz sp. nov. (Squamata-Iguanidae).Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 8: 62-65.p. 62 - t.d. Liolaemus donosoi.Ortiz, J. C. 1981. Revision taxonomique et biologie des Liolaemus du groupe nigromaculatus (Squamata, Iguanidae).These de Doctorat d'Etates Sciences Naturelles, Universite Paris VII, 438 pp.Ortiz, J. C. 1981. Estudio multivariado de las especies de Liolaemus del grupo nigromaculatus (Squamata, Iguanidae).Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 14: 247-265.p. 258 - Liolaemus copiapensis (new combination).Ortiz, J. C. 1987. Une nouvelle espece de Liolaemus (Sauna, Iguanidae) du Chili. Bulletin Museum Nationald'Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 9, Sec. A(l): 265-270.p. 265 - t.d. Liolaemus velosoi.Ortiz, J. C. 1988. Situacion de la exportacion de los vertebrados terrestres Chilenos. Comunicaciones del MuseoRegional de Concepcidn (Chile) 2: 37-41.p. 40 - over 18.000 lizards, including Liolaemus. exported from Chile in 1988; p. 42 - species exportedinclude Centrura fiagellifer, Liolaemus chiliensis, L. kuhlmanni, L. lemniscatus, L. leopardinus, L. nitidus,L. pictus. L. tenuis, and L. zapallarensis.
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Ortiz, J. C. 1989. El recurso fauna en la VIII Region. Pp. 29-38, in: J. C. Ortiz (ed.), Una nueva visi6ncaleidoscopica de los recursos naturales. Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y de Recursos Naturales, SociedadBiologia de Chile, Regi6n Concepci6n.
- species listed as characteristic of the following sectors of the region are: p. 30 - Centrura flagellifer. mesetasy planicies alto-andinas; p. 32 - Liolaemus pictus: cordillera boscosa de altura; Liolaemus lemniscatus:depresion intermedia.Ortiz, J. C. 1989. Catalogue des types du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Neuchatel. HI. Sauriens. Extrait du Bulletinde la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles 112: 47-64.p. 50 - lists lectotype and paralectotypes for Ctenoblepharys adspersus; lists lectotype and paralectotypes forLiolaemus lemniscatus.Ortiz, J. C. 1989. Description de Liolaemus silvai sp. nov. (Sauria, Iguanidae) du "Norte Chico" du Chili. BulletinMuseum National d'Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 1 1, Sec. A(l): 247-252.p. 247 - t.d. Liolaemus silvai.Ortiz, J. C. 1994. Una nueva especie de lagarto altoandino del genero Liolaemus (Sauria, Tropiduridae). Boletin de laSociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 65: 191-195.
- t.d. Liolaemus nigroventrolateralis.Ortiz, J. C. and C. P. Guillaume. 1984. Primer estudio del polimorfismo genetico en algunas especies de Liolaemus(Squamata, Iguanidae) de Chile. II Reunion Iberoamericano Conservacion Zoologia de Vertebrados, pp. 47-58.Ortiz, J. C. and P. Marquet. 1987. Una nueva especie de lagarto altoandino: Liolaemus islugensis (Reptilia-Iguanidae).Guyana, Zoologia 51(1-4): 59-63.p. 59 - t.d. Liolaemus islugensis.Ortiz, J. C. and H. Niiriez. 1986. Catalogo critico de los tipos de reptiles conservados en el museo Nacional de HistoriaNatural Santiago, Chile. Publicacion Ocasional Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 43: 1-23.p. 7 - holotype Ctenoblepharis audituvelatus: MNHN 978; lectotype Liolaemus buergeri: MNHN 1474; p. 8 -holotype Liolaemus curis: MNHN 1545; holotype Liolaemus fabiana: MNHN 970; p. 10 - holotypeLiolaemus hernani: MNHN 643; holotype Liolaemus bisignatus: MNHN 1477; p. 11 - syntype Liolaemusmelanopleurus: MNHN 1549; p. 12-15 - discusses loss or transfer from the museum of type material ofHelocephalus nigriceps, Liolaemus buergeri, Phrynosaura reichei, Proctotretus marmoratus, Proctotretusmelanopleurus, Proctotretus modestus, and Proctotretus pallidus.Ortiz Z., J. C. and G. M. Riveros G. 1976. Habitos alimenticios de Liolaemus nicromaculatus [sic] kuhlmani Miillery Hellmich. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 9: 131-140.
- examined stomach contents of 129 specimens from Con Con sand dunes; Homoptera, Hymenoptera, andColeoptera are the main components of the diet. In the dry season, the lizards also feed on fruits and seeds ofsucculent plants.Ortiz, J. C, J. F. Troncoso, R. Ibarra-Vidal, and H. Niiiiez. 1990. Lista sistematica, distribucion, estado deconservacion y clave para los herpetozoos de la VUI region. Comunicaciones del Museo Regional de Concepcion(Chile) 4: 31-43.
- key includes: Centrura flagellifer, Liolaemus chiliensis, L. chillanensis, L. cyanogaster, L.fuscus, L. kriegi,L. lemniscatus. L. lineomaculatus, L. nitidus, L. pictus, L. rothi, L. schroderi, and L. tenuis.Ortiz, J. C. and T. S. Zunino. 1976. Ciclo tepToduclOT de Liolaemus nigromaculatus kuhlmarmi. Anales del Museo deHistoria Natural de Valparaiso 9: 127-130.
- histological description of the reproductive tract of a "dune lizard."Parsons, T. S. 1970. The nose and Jacobson's organ. Pp. 99-191, m: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.). Biology ofthe Reptilia, Volume 2: Morphology B. Academic Press, New York, xiii-t-374.p. 119 - list of early work on nose: cites Bom (1879) for Liolaemus; p. 128 - Liolaemus may have aDipsosaurus-type nasal vestibulum.Paul, D., E. E. Williams, and W. P. Hall. 1976. Lizard karyotypes from the Galapagos Islands: chromosomes inphylogeny and evolution. Breviora441: 1-31.pp. 7, 17, 19 - eight species of Liolaemus have karyotypes of 2n = 30-40; p. 8 - cite Etheridge (pers. comm.)that Vilcunia and Pelusaurus are allied to the Liolaemus-Phrynosaura-Ctenoblepharis complex and not toProctotretus; p. 15 - dendrogram provided by Etheridge shows Leiocephalus {Phymaturus {Phrynosaura +Ctenoblepharys)).
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Paz de la Vega, Y., M. Fuenzalida, J. Illanes, and D. Lemus. 1981. Some histological and histochemicalcharacteristics of the cardiac conductive system in lizards. International Research Conmiunications System(IRCS) Medical Science 9(20): 75-76.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis examined.Paz de la Vega-Lemus, Y., D. Lemus, and L. Zurich. 1971. Efectos de acetilcolina, histamina y 5-hidroxitriptaminasobre la motilidad del utero aislado de Liolaemus gravenhorsti y Liolaemus tenuis t. Archives de Biologi'a yMedicina Experimentales (Santiago) 8: 26-29.Paz de la Vega, Y., M. Villalobos, M. Alonso, and D. Lemus. 1983. Adrenergic activity of isolated lizard atnaLiolaemus gravenhorsti. International Research Commumcations System (IRCS) Medical Science 1 1(6): 552-553.Paz de la Vega, Y., M. Villalobos, D. Lemus, and R. Acosta. 1986. Efecto de aminas biogenas (histamina y 5-hidroxitriptamina) sobre la motilidad de la musculatura lisa digestiva aislada de iguanidos {Liolaemusgravenhorsti, Reptilia?Squamata?Iguanidae). Journal of Veterinary Medicine A 33(1): 73-78.Pearson, O. P. 1954. Habits of the lizard Liolaemus multiformis multiformis at high altitudes in southern Peru.Copeia 1954(2): 111-116.
- plate I shows neonates with standard pattern; female retains some pattern; adult males are pattemless. Livesin burrows, under large rocks in sandy desert at 14,600 feetPearson, O. P. 1977. The effect of substrate and of skin color on thermoregulation of a lizard. ComparativeBiochemistry and Physiology 58A; 353-358.
- Liolaemus multiformis basks on insulating substrates and warms 0.6 ?C/min; skin color blanches as bodytemperature increases; lizards painted silver wanned nearly as fast and as much as normal and black lizards.Pearson, O. P. and D. F. Bradford. 1976. Thermoregulation of lizards and toads at high altitudes in Peru. Copeia1976(1): 155-170.
- describe behavioral thermoregulation in Liolaemus multiformis and L mocquardi.Pearson, O. P. and C. P. Ralph. 1978. The diversity and abundance of vertebrates along an altitudinal gradient in Peru.Memorias del Museo de Historia Nattiral "Javier Prado" 18: 1-97.p. 21 - Ctenoblepharys adspersa occurs in the Tilandsia community; p. 24 - Liolaemus pantherinus occurs inthe Desert Scrub community; p. 27 - Liolaemus alticolor occurs in the Mountain Scrub community (3000-4500 m); p. 29 - Liolaemus multiformis occurs in the Queiiua community.Pefaur, J., J. Davila, E. Lopez, and H. Niiiiez. 1978. Distnbucion y clasificacion de los reptiles del Departamento deArequipa. Boletin del Institute Frances de Estudios Andinos 7(1-2): 129-139.p. 132-133 - Liolaemus multiformis color pattern, habits, and reproduction described; p. 134 - notesCtenoblepharis sp. from 10 km southwest of Uchumayo.Pefaur, J. E. and W. E. Duellman. 1980. Community structure in high Andean herpetofaunas. Transactions of theKansas Academy of Sciences 83(2): 45-65.
- provide data for density, diversity, niche breadth, and niche overlap for Andean amphibians and reptilesincluding: Liolaemus bibronii, L darwini, L elongatus. L kriegi. L multiformis, L ruibali, and Phymaturuspalluma.Pellegnn, J. 1909. Description de cinqe lezards nouveaux des hauts plateaux du Perou et de la Bolivie, appartenant augenre Liolaemus. Bulletin Musee d'Historie Naturelle de Paris 11: 324-329.p. 324 - t.d. Liolaemus pantherinus; p. 325 - t.d. Liolaemus pulcher; p. 326 - t.d. Liolaemus mocquardi; p.327 - t.d. Liolaemus variabilis var. Crequii; t.d. Liolaemus variabilis var. Neveui; p. 328 - t.d. Liolaemus
variabilis var. Courtyi; t.d. Liolaemus bolivianus.Peiia Roche. H. 1939. Contribuciones a la morfologia comparada de la fauna chilena. Boletin Sociedad de Biologi'a deConcepcion 13: 133-146.
- describes eosinophils of Liolaemus; gives number of erythrocytes for L pictus and L nigromaculatus.Peracca, M. G. 1895. Viaggio del dott Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco nella Republica Argentina y nel Paraguay. Rettili edanfibi. Bolletino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, Universita di Torino 10(195): 1-32.p. 5 - Liolaemus wiegmannii from Resistencia, Chaco.Peracca. M. G. 1897. Viaggio del Dott Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Republica Argentina. Rettili ed
anfibi. Bolletino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata. Universita di Torino 12(274): 1-19.Peres, F. A. Sarmento, A. Lacerda, D. Rodrigues, V. Lucena. A. Jardim, O. Peirano, G. Lopes, L. P. Machado, A. W.Marques, M. Van Sluys, M. Bergallo, and C. F. D. Rocha. 1994. A importancia da educa9ao ambiental na
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preserva?ao de esp&ies amea9adas de extin9ao: o exemplo de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Annals dela I Encontro Brasileiro de Ciencias Ambientais, Rio de Janeiro 2: 723-735.Pereyra, E. A. 1985. Nuevo iguanido del genero Phymaturus del noroeste Argentino. Boleu'n de la Asociaci6nHerpetoldgica Argentina 2(4): 3-4.p. 3 - t.d. Phymaturus antofagastensis.Pereyra, E. A. 1985. Liolaemus uspallatensis Macola-Castro, nuevo date de colecta ampliando su disthbucidngeografica. Boleu'n de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 2(4): 4.p. 4 - Liolaemus uspallatensis occurs in the zone of Barreal Blanco, Departamento Ulliin, San Juan Province,in sympatry with L. ruibali.Pereyra, E. A. 1986. Variacion geografica en Liolaemus omatus Koslowsky (Sauria: Iguanidae). Cuademos deHerpetologia 2(2): 1-21.
- documents north-south variation in scales counts.Pereyra, E. A. 1991, Phymaturus antofagastensis (Pereyra 1986) (Tropiduridae, Liolaeminae): ampliacion descriptiva.Boletin de la Asociaci6n Herpetologica Argentina 7(2): 24-47.
- detailed description of Phymaturus antofagastensis with photographs.Pereyra, E. A. 1992. Nueva especie de lagarto andino: Liolaemus vallecurensis (Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae).Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 321: 10-14.p. 1 1 - t.d. Liolaemus vallecurensis, figs. 1 , 2.Pereyra, E., J. Mella, and N. F. Diaz. 1992. Analisis meristico preliminar de la estructura taxonomica del generoLiolaemus Wiegmann. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 41: 277-286.
- phenetic (UPGMA) analysis of Liolaemus chiliensis, L. cuyanus, L. fitzingerii, L. kingii, L.lineontaculatus, L magellanicus, and L wiegmannii.Peters, J. A. and R. Donoso-Barros. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part H. Lizards andamphisbaenians. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 297: 1-293.
- keys, synonymies, and distribution given for the genera Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, andPhymaturus and their species.Pflaumer, C. 1944. Las lagartijas viviparas del genero Lio/acmM5 (Fam. Iguanidae). Revista Universitaria (Anales dela Academia Chilena de Ciencias Naturales) 29(1): 1 13-116.
- viviparous species in Chile include Liolaemus altissimus, L. araucaniensis. L. buergeri, L. cyanogaster, andL. pictus, oviparous species include L. chiliensis, L. gravenhorsti. L. monticola, L. nigromaculatus, L. nitidus,and L. platei.Philippi, R. A. 1860. Reise durch die Wuste Atacama, auf Befehl der chilenischen Regierung in Sommer 1853-1854.Liberia de Eduard Anton, Halle, ix+192 pp.p. 163 - t.d. Proctotretus marmoratus; p. 166 - t.d. Proctotretus modestus; t.d. Proctotretus melanopleurus;Proctotretus bisignatus; - t.d. Proctotretus pallidus; p. 167 - t.d. Helocephalus; t.d. Helocephalus nigriceps.Philippi, R. A. 1860. Viaje al desierto de Atacama hecho de orde del gobiemo de Chile en el verano 1853-54. Liberiade Eduardo Anton, Halle en Sajonia.Pienaar, U. de V. 1962. Hematology of some South African reptiles. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg.
- reports on eosinophils in Liolaemus.Platei, R. 1979. Brain weight-body weight relationships. Pp. 147-171, in: C. Gans, R. G. Northcutt, and P. Ulinski(eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 9: Neurology A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+462.p. 157 - table of brain-body weights includes data for Liolaemus chiliensis.Pope, C. H. 1956. The reptile world. A natural history of the snakes, lizards, turtles and crocodilians. Rutledge andKegan Paul, xxv-i-325 pp.
- general note on Liolaemus.Porter, K. R. 1972. Herpetology. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, xi+523pp.p. 401 - table on egg and young production lists Liolaemus fuscus, L. gravenhorsti, L lineomaculatus, L.magellanicus, L. monticola, L. multiformis, and L. tenuis.Pough, F. H., R. M. Andrews, J. E. Cadle, M. L. Crump, A. H. Savitsky, and K. D. Wells. 1998. Herpetology.Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, xi-i-577 pp.p. 96 - Ctenoblepharys and some Liolaemus are sand dwellers, some Liolaemus are rock dwellers or terrestrial.Some Liolaemus are viviparous, a few are herbivorous; p. 399 - Liolaemus monticola feeds only on ants andhave dental specializations similar to Phrynosoma and Moloch, but no other specializations.
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Procter. J. B. 1921. On a small collection of reptiles and batrachians made by Mr. Goodfellow in E. Bolivia (1918-19). AnnalsandMagazineof Natural History (9)7: 189-192. ,Quay, W. B. 1979. The parietal eye-pineal complex. Pp. 245-406, in: C. Gans, R. G. Northcutt, and P. Ulinski(eds.), Biology of the Reptiiia, Volume 9: Neurology A. Academic Press, New York, xvi-H462 pp.p. 293 - figure of median section through head of Liolaemus pictus adapted from Trost (1956); p. 330 - tableof references to parietal eye descriptions: cites Trost (1954, 1956) for L. chiliensis and L. pictus, and Schmidt(1909) and Spencer (1888a,c) for L. nitidus and L. tenuis.Quijada, B. 1916. Catalogo sistematico de los reptiles chilenos y estranjeros conservados en el Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural. Boleti'n del Museo Nacional de Chile 9: 22-47.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1988. Actividad reproductiva en especies del genero Liolaemus con base en ejemplares de lacolecci6n de la Fundaci6n Miguel Lillo. Boleti'n de la Asociaci6n Herpetol6gica Argentina 4(2-3): 8.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1989. Ciclo reproductiva y de cuerpos grasos de una poblacion ovipara de Liolaemus alticolor.Boleu'n de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argenuna 5(3): 6-7.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1989. Formas ovi'paras y vivi'paras en el lagarto altoandino Liolaemus alticolor. Boleti'n de laAsociaci6n Herpetologica Argentina 5(3): 1 1-12.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1991. Reproductive and fat body cycle of the lizard LJo/aemRJ w/efffujn/?. Amphibia-Reptilia12: 195-202.
- Liolaemus wiegmanni exhibit late winter and spring reproductive activity.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1991. Estudio histologico de los tractos reproductivos y actividad ciclica anual reproductiva demachos y hembras de dos especies del genero Liolaemus (Reptiiia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Unpublished DoctoralDissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman,Argentina, 208 pp.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1991. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus huacahuasicus.Journal of Herpetology 25(2): 205-208.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Actividad reproductiva en tres especies simpatncas del genero Liolaemus (Reptiiia:Sauria: Tropiduridae). Caldasia 17(1): 67-74.
- reproductive activity examined in: Liolaemus bibroni. L elongatus, and L. ruibali.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Vanaciones histologicas en los tractos reproductivos de machos de algunas especies deLiolaemus (Reptiiia: Sauria: Iguanidae) en diferentes esudos de actividad reproductiva. Revista Brasileira deBiologia52(l): 133-140.
- examined in Liolaemus alticolor, L. bitaeniatus. L danvmi, and L. scapularis.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Ciclos reproductivos y de cuerpos grasos en dos poblaciones de Liolaemus danvinii(Reptiiia: Sauna: Tropiduridae). Acta Zooldgica Lilloana42(l): 41-49. [1993]Raim'rez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Vanaciones histol6gicas en los tractos reproductivos de hembras de algunas especiesovi'paras de Liolaemus (Reptiiia: Iguanidae) en diferentes estados de actividad reproductiva. Acta ZoologicaLilloana42(l): 115-122. [1993]
- studied in Liolaemus alticolor, L bitaeniatus, two populations of L danvinii, and L scapularis.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1994. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the oviparous lizard Lio/aemw 5cap?/ari5. Journalof Herpetology 28(4): 521-524.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1995. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the oviparous lizard Liolaemus bitaeniatus (Sauria:Tropiduridae). Journal of Herpetology 29(2): 256-260.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. and F. B. Cruz. 1991. Actividad reproductiva y poblacional en el lagarto Liolaemuschacoensis (Sauria: Iguanidae). Boleti'n de la Asociaci6n Herpetol6gica Argentina 7(1): lO-l 1.Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. and R. F. Laurent. 1996. Apparent reproductive bimodality in Liolaemus alticolor alticolor(Reptiiia: Sauria). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32(1): 1-13.
- some populations of Liolaemus alticolor alticolor are oviparous, others are viviparous, and one populationcontains both oviparous and viviparous individuals; oviparous populations are found at lower elevations than areviviparous populations.Rand, A. S. 1982. Clutch size in Brazilian iguanid lizards. Herpetologica 38(1): 171-178.p. 173 - reports clutch sizes for Liolaemus lutzae and L wiegmannii.Reeder, T. W. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships among phrynosomatid lizards as inferred from mitochondrialribosomal DNA sequences: substitutional bias and information content of transitions relative to transversions.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4(2): 203-222.
- appendix 2 includes DNA sequences of Liolaemus scapularis.
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Reeder, T. W. and J. J. Wiens. 1996. Evolution of the lizard family Phrynosomatidae as inferred from diverse types ofdata. Herpetological Monographs 10: 43-84.p. 74 - lists as outgroup species for skeletal data Liolaemus chiliensis, L elongatus, L multiformis, L.simonsii, and Phymaturus palluma; p. 75 - lists external characters for Liolaemus archeforus, L. periglacialis,and Phymaturus palluma.Renous, S. 1979. Application des principes cladistiques a la phylogenese et la biogeographie des Lacertiliens.Gegenbaurs Morpholohiasches Jahrbuch 125(3): 376-432.Ringuelet, R. and R. H. Aramburu. 1957. Enumeracion sistematica de los vertebrados de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios (Buenos Aires), 94 pp.Rocha, C. F. D. 1985. Ecologia de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauna: Iguanidae) na Restinga de Barra de Marica, R.J.Unpublished Bachelor's Thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 1 14 pp.Rocha, C. F. D. 1985. Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae): um problema para manejo e conserva9ao. BoletimFunda^ao Brasileira para a Conserv9ao da Natureza 20(1): 106-108.Rocha, C. F. D. 1986. Distribui^ao geografica de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae), um lagarto endemico doEstado do Rio de Janeiro. Boletim Fundagao Brasileira para a Conserv^ao da Natureza 21: 163-167.Rocha, C. F. D. 1988. Ritmo de atividade e microclimatologia do habitat de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae).Anais do Seminario Regional de Ecologia de Sao Carlos 6: 269-281.Rocha, C. F. D. 1989. Estrategia e ciclo reproductivo de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria, Iguanidae) na Restinga da Barra deMarica, Rio de Janeiro. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Departamento de Zoologia, Institute de Biologia,Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1 14 pp.Rocha, C. F. D. 1989. Diet of a tropical lizard {Liolaemus lutzae) of southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology23(3): 292-294.p. 292-293 - collected at Barra de Marica Restinga (22?57' S; 43?50' W), 35 km E Rio de Janiero. Occurs onbeach in open sandy area with herbaceous vegetation; frequently found under detritus where it forages andthermoregulates. Snout-vent length ranges from 30-79 mm. Diet is numerically: arthropods = 62.7% andplants = 37.3% of stomach contents.Rocha, C. F. D. 1990. Reproductive effort in the Brazilian sand lizard Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae). Ciencia eCultura (Sao Paulo) 42(12): 1203-1206.Rocha, C. P. D. 1991. Composi9ao do habitat e uso do espago por Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae) em umaarea de restmga. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 51(4): 839-846. [1992]
- Liolaemus lutzae associates with vegetation and detritus for shelter, foraging, and thermoregulation.Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. A ecologia da lagartixa-da-areia (Liolaemus lutzate), uma especie tipica do estado do Rio deJaneiro. Coordena^ao de Comunica^ao Social e Publica^oes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 16 pp.
- includes color photos.Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Ecologia e comportamento de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae) em uma area de restingado sudeste do Brasil. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 176 pp.Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Liolaemus lutzae (Sand Lizard). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 23(2): 60.Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the tropical sand lizard (Liolaemus lutzae) of southeasternBrazil. Journal of Herpetology 26(1): 17-23.
- clutch size is 1-4 eggs, usually 2; females may produce two clutches per year.Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Lagartixa flummense. Ciencia Hoje 14(79): 64-65.Rocha, C. F. D. 1993. The set of defence mechanisms in a tropical sand lizard (Liolaemus lutzae) of southeasternBrazil. Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) 45(2): 116-122.
- defense strategies include: crypsis, running, caudal autotomy, tail waving, threat displays, and burying;predators include: guira cuckoo (Guira guira), burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), and a ghost crab(Ocypode quadrata); includes color photos.Rocha, C. F. D. 1994. Introdu^ao a ecologia de lagartos Brasileiros. Herpetologia no Brasil 1: 39-57.Rocha, C. F. D. 1995. Growth of the tropical sand lizard Liolaemus lutzae in southeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia16(3): 257-264.Rocha, C. F. D. 1995. Nematode parasites of the Brazilian sand lizard, LroZaem/ty /wrzae. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(4):412-415.Rocha, C. F. D. 1995. Ecologia termal de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae) em uma area de restinga do sudestedo Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 55(3): 481-489.
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Rocha, C. F. D. 1996. Seasonal shift in lizard diet: the seasonality in food resources affecting the diet oiLiolaemuslutzae (Tropidundae). Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) 48(4): 264-269.Rocha, C. F. D. 1996. Indirect estimate of a lizard population size, density and age structure. Vida SilvestreNeotropical 5(2): 1-4.
- Liolaemus lutzae studied.Rocha, C. F. D. 1996. Sexual dimorphism m the sand lizard Liolaemus lutzae of southeastern Brazil. Pp. 131-140,in J. E. Pefaur (ed.), Herpetologia Neotropical. Consejo de Publicaciones, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida,Venezuela, 45 1 pp.Rocha, C. F. D. 1998. Ontogenetic shift in the rate of plant consumption in a tropical lizard (Liolaemus litzae).Journal of Herpetology 32(2): 274-279.
- hatchlings are carnivorous, but staning at 38 mm, and as they grow, their diet includes more plant tissues.Rocha, C. F. D. and H. G. Bergallo. 1992. Population decrease: the case of Liolaemus lutzae, an endemic lizard ofsoutheastern Brazil. Ciencia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) 44(1): 52-54.Rocha Barbosa, O. and A. Mansanm-de-Lacerda. 1992. Taille relative du coeur chez Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938(Sauna, Tropidundae). Annales des Sciences Naturalles Zoologie et Biologic - Animale 12(4): 191-196. [1991]Rodrigues, H. D. O. 1991. Contribution to the study of the helminth fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens 1938(Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 33(supplement 8): S58.Rodrigues, H. D. O. 1992. Pseudocapillaria maricaensis new species of nematode Capillandae and remarks on thehelminthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens 1938 Lacerulia Iguanidae. Memonas do Instituto OswaldoCmz, Rio de Janeiro 87(2): 297-300.Roig, V. G. 1972. Esbozo general del poblamiento animal en la provincia de Mendoza. Boleti'n de la SociedadArgentina de Botanica 13: 81-88.Roig, V. G. and F. A. Roig. 1969. Guia botanica y zoologica de viaje desde Mendoza hasta Uspallata por losParamillos. X Jomadas Argentinas de Botanica 1-62.Roux, J. 1907. Revision de quelques especes de reptiles et amphibiens du Peru' descntes par Tschudi en 1844-1846.Revue Suisse de Zoologie 15: 293-303.p. 297 - type of Liolaemus elegans at Neuchatel; redescnption of the type of L modestus.Ruiz, G., M. Rosemann, and H. Nunez. 1993. Blood values in South Amencan lizards from high and low altitudes.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 106A(4): 713-718.
- hematological values of 27 species of lizards including 20 species of Liolaemus and two species ofPhymaturus. Blood values were found to be independent of altitudinal distribution.Sage, R. D. 1972. The origin and structure of the desert ecosystem: the lizard component. The origin and structure ofecosystems. IBP Technical Report 72-6, University of Texas. Austin, (mimeo) 1972: 149-178.Sage, R. 1973. Ecological convergence of the lizard faunas of the chaparral communities in Chile and California. Pp.339-348, in: F. di Castn and H. A. Mooney (eds.), Mediterranean-type ecosystems: ongin and structure.Ecological Studies Volume 7, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.Sage, R. D. 1974. The structure of lizard faunas: comparative biologies of lizards in two Argentinian deserts.Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, 341 pp.
- included in study: Liolaemus altissimus. L bibronii. L darwinii, L gracilis, L ruibali, and Phymaturuspalluma.Saint Girons, H. M.-C. 1956. Cycle d'activite et thermoregulation chez les reptiles (lezards et serpentes). Vie etMilieu, Bulletin du Laboratoire Arago, Universite de Pans 7: 133-226.
- discusses thermoregulation and annual activity cycle in Liolaemus multiformis.Saint Girons, H. M.-C. 1970. Morphology of the circulating blood cells. Pp. 73-91, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons(eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 3: Morphology C. Academic Press, xiv+385 pp.p. 83 - cites Pienaar (1962) for eosinophils in Liolaemus.Saint Girons, H. M.-C. 1985. Comparative data on lepidosaurian reproduction and some time tables. Pp. 35-58, in:C. Gans and F. Billen (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development. John Wiley and Sons, NewYork, x-i-731 pp.p. 42 - table on reproductive cycles: cites Leyton et al. (1980) for Liolaemus gravenhorsti and Pearson (1954)for L. multiformis.Sallaberry, M., H. Niinez, and J. Yanez. 1982. Liolaemus hemani n. sp. de Iguanidae de la zona central de Chile.Boleu'n del Museo Nacional de Historia Namral Chile 39: 93-99. [1984]p. 94 - t.d. Liolaemus hernani.
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Sammartano, F. 1991. Microornamentazioni delle squame di Liolaemus magellanicus (Hombron et Jacquinot, 1847)(Reptilia, Sauna). Animalia (Catania) 17: 85-94.Schifter, H. 1965. P/iymafurui pa//uma, ein chilenischer Hochgebirgsleguan. Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift18(11): 342-344.Schmidt, K. P. and R. F. Inger. 1957. Living reptiles of the world. Hanover House, Garden City, New York, 287 pp.
- note the presence of viviparity in Liolaemus.Schmidt, W. J. 1909. Beitrage zur Kenntms der Parietalorgane der Saurier. Zeitschrift fuer Wissenschaftliche Zoologie92: 359-426.
- description of parietal organ in Liolaemus nitidis and L tenuis.Schoener, T. S. 1977. Competition and the niche. Pp. 35-136, in: C. Cans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.). Biology of theReptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi-F720.p. 91 - cites Hurtubia and di Castri (1973) for habitat shifts in Liolaemus tenuis; p. 1 14 - cites Hurtubia anddi Castri (1973) for diet shifts in L. tenuis.Schulte, J. A. II, J. R. Macey, R. E. Espinoza, and A. Larson. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizardgenus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance anddispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75-102.Schulte, J. A. U, J. R. Macey, A. Larson, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1998. Molecular tests of phylogenetic taxonomies: ageneral procedure and example using four subfamilies of the lizard family Iguanidae. Molecular Phylogeneticsand Evolution 10(3); 367-376.
- Liolaemus pictus and Phymaturus somuncurensis included as representatives of the Tropidurinae.Schwenk, K. 1985. Occurrence, distribution and functional significance of taste buds in lizards. Copeia 1985(1): 91-101.p. 93 - describes distribution and relative abundance of taste buds in Liolaemus monticola.Schwenk, K. 1988. Comparative morphology of the lepidosaur tongue and its relevance to squamate phylogeny. Pp.569-598, in: Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating Charles L. Camp. R.Estes and G. Pregill (eds.). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.p. 597 - Liolaemus elongatus, L magellanicus, L. monticola, and Phymaturus palluma examined.Schwenk, K. 1993. The evolution of chemoreception in squamate reptiles: a phylogenetic approach. Brain, Behaviorand Evolution 4 1 : 124-137.
- suggests that Liolaemus would be a good genus for testing certain predictions about chemosensoryinformation.Scolaro, J. A. 1976. Fauna herpetologica de algunas islas del litoral de Chubut. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 35(91):273-277.Scolaro, J. A. 1976. Lista sistematica de reptiles de la peninsula de Valdes (Chubut). I - Sauna. Physis (BuenosAires) 35(91): 267-271.Scolaro, J. A. 1992. Morphological differences between Vilcunia and Liolaemus magellanicus and L.lineomaculatus: a discriminant analysis. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 41: 287-293.
- Vilcunia is only distantly related to Liolaemus lineomaculatus and L. magellanicus; the specialized ecologyof Vilcunia is discussed.Scolaro, J. A. 1993. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus {Stonc-\o\ing Lizard). HerpetologicalReview 24(3): 109.
- new record from Dique Ameghino Village, Chubut Province (43? 50' S; 67? 20 W) extends range 450 km S.Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1977. Herpetologia patagonica. XII. Los iguanidos del groupo Liolaemus fitzingeri enChubut: datos serologicos y posicion taxonomica. Physis (Buenos Aires) Sec. C. 36(92): 219-223.Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1987. A multivariate analysis of morphometric and exosomatic characters of iguanidlizards of the Patagonian Liolaemus kingi complex. Journal of Herpetology 21(4): 343-348.Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1991. The poorly known Andean lizard Liolaemus uspallatensis Macola and Castro1982, and its intrageneric relationships: a taxonumerical approach (Reptilia, Iguanidae). BoUetino MuseoRegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 9(1): 91-103.Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1997. Systematic status and relationships of Liolaemus species of the archeforus andkingii groups: a morphological and taxonumerical approach (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). BoUetino del MuseoRegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 15(2): 369-400.p. 371 - all subspecies of Liolaemus archeforus and L. kingii elevated to species status; p. 377 - t.d.
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Liolaemus tristis, a member of the kingii group, p. 383 - t.d. Liolaemus tari, a member of the archeforusgroup; p. 387 - t.d. Liolaemus escarchadosi, a memberof the archeforus group. .Scolaro, J. A., J. M. Cei, and L. Arias de Reyna. 1985. La identidad de las especies del grupo Liolaemus fitzingeri-melanops por medio del anilisis discriminante de caracteres morfol6gicos (Sauna: Iguanidae). Historia Natural(Corrientes, Argentina) 5(2): 13-22.Serie, P. 1915. Suplemento a la fauna erpetol6gica Argentina. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Nattiral deBuenos Aires 27: 93-109.Serrano, P. and S. Anderson. 1986. Datos sobre la alimentacion de Athene cunicularia en la Reserva de FaunaAltoandina de Ulla-Ulla, Bolivia. Doiiana Acta Vertebrata 13: 180-182.
- burrowing owls {Athene cunicularia) eat Liolaemus sp.Shine, R. 1985. The evolution of viviparity in reptiles: an ecological analysis. Pp. 605-694, in: C. Gans and F.Billett (eds). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development B. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x-i-731 pp.p. 632 - lists viviparous and oviparous Liolaemus referred to by Donoso-Barros (1966), Fitch (1970), andDonoso-Barros and Cei (1971); fig. 3: distribution of oviparous and viviparous Liolaemus; p. 633 - cites Cei(1980) for viviparity and high-elevation (3200-4200 m) distribution in Phymaturus: p. 635 - cites Cei andScolaro (1982) for viviparity in Vilcunia; p. 660 - cites Blackburn (pers. comm.) that phylogeneticreconstructions of Liolaemus are unreliable; p. 669, 671 - lists Liolaemus and Vilcunia in table of
characteristics of viviparous lizards.Shreve, B. 1938 A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy ofSciences 28(9): 404-407.p. 404 - t.d. Liolaemus walkeri.Shreve, B. 1941. Notes on Ecuadorian and Peruvian reptiles and amphibians with descriptions of new forms.Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 18: 71-83.p. 73 - t.d. Stenocercus tacnae.Shreve. B. 1948. A new Ljo/aemuj from Paraguay. Copeia 1948(2): 111-112.p. Ill - t.d. Liolaemus chacoensis.Silva, F., A. Veloso, J. Solervicens, and J. C. Ortiz. 1968. Investigaciones zoologicas en el Parque Nacional VicentePerez Rosales y zona de Parque. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago 13(148): 1-2.Simoes-Lopes, P. C. and L. Krause. 1986. Osteologia do sincranio de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 (Sauria-Iguanidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoolgia 5(4): 491-508.Simonetti, J. 1984. Utilizacion de refugio por Liolaemus nigromaculatus: compromiso entre riesgos de predaci6n ynecesidades termorregulatorias. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Envu^onment 19(1): 47-51.Simonetti, J. and H. Nunez. 1986. Sympatry and taxonomy of two lizards of the Liolaemus nigromaculatus group in
northern Chile. Journal of Herpetology 20(3): 474-475.p. 474 - Liolaemus atacamensis (new combination).Simonetti, J. and J. C. Ortiz. 1980. Dominio en Ljo/a^/niis Jtu/i/rminni (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Anales del Museo deHistoria Natural de Valparaiso 13: 167-172.Sites, J. W., Jr. and K. M. Reed. 1994. Chromosomal evolution, speciation, and systematics: some relevant issues.Herpetologica 50(2): 237-249.p. 245 - discusses Liolaemus monticola complex.Skoczylas, R. 1978. Physiology of the digestive tract. Pp. 589-717, in: C. Gans and K. A. Gans (eds.). Biology ofthe Reptilia, Volume 8: Physiology B. Acadedmic Press, New York, xiv-t-782 pp.p. 683 - table of references: cites Lonnberg (1902) for the intestinal morphology oi Liolaemus nitidis.Smith, G. R. 1996. Tail loss m the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Journal of Herpetology 30(4): 552-555.p. 554 - cites Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for observation that in 12 species of Liolaemus, species that tended touse perches that reduce their visibility to predators have lower number of tail break frequencies.Smith, H. M. and E. L. Bell. 1996. Holotropis herminieri Dumeril and Bibron, 1837 (currently Leiocephalusherminieri) and Proctotretus bibronii T. Bell, 1842 (currently Liolaemus bibronii) (Reptilia, Squamata):proposed conservation of the specific names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53(2): 1 12-115.
- Tropidolepis bellii Gray 1831 is a senior synonym oi Liolaemus bibronii Bell 1845.
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Soriano, A., W. Volkheimer, H. Walter, E. 0. Box, A. A. Marcolin, J. A. Vallerini, C. P. Movia, R. J. C. Leon, J.M. Gallardo, M. Rumboll, M. Canevari, P. Canevari, and W. G. Vasina. 1983. Deserts and semi-deserts ofPatagonia. Pp. 423-460, in: N. E. West, (ed.). Ecosystems of the world 5: temperate deserts and semi-deserts.Elsevier Scientific Publications Company, Amsterdam, Holland.
- Liolaemus magellanicus is a component of the Patagonian fauna.Spencer, W.B. 1888. The parietal eye of //afrena. Nature 34: 33-35.
- describes parietal eye of Liolaemus nitidis.Spencer, W. B. 1888. On the presence and structtire of the pineal eye in Lacertilia. Quarterly Journal of MicroscopicalScience 17: 165-238.
- describes parietal organ of Liolaemus nitidis and L tenuis.Stamps, J. A. 1977. Social behavior and spacing patterns in lizards. Pp. 265-334, in: C. Cans and D. W. Tinkle(eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi-i-720 pp.p. 274 - table on spacing patterns: cites Pearson (1954) for Liolaemus multiformis.Steindachner, F. 1867. Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara urn die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859.Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere). 3. Reptilien. K. K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 98 pp.p. 35 - Phymaturus palluma, discussion of possible synonyms; p. 36 - Liolaemus chilensis, discussion ofpossible synonyms and reported from Chile; p. 37 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) wiegmanni reported from Chile.L. (P.) tenuis reported from Chile; L. {P.)femoratus, comparison with P. stantonii and reported from Chile.Steindachner, F. 1891. Ueber einige neue und seltene Reptilien-und Amphibien-Arten. Sitzungsberichte Akademie derWissenschaften in Wien 100(1): 291-316.p. 295 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis Stolzmanni.Stejneger, L. 1909. Batrachians and reptiles. Part II. Pp. 211-224, in: W. B. Scott (ed.), 1905-1911: reports of thePrincenton University expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899. 3(1) Zoology, Princeton University, xiii-H374 pp.p. 218 - t.d. Liolaemus hatcheri.Stewart, J. R. and D. G. Blackburn. 1988. Reptilian placentation: structural diversity and terminology. Copeia1988(4): 839-852.p. 841 - table includes citation of Lemus and Badmez (1967) for Liolaemus gravenhorti [sic] withchoriovitelline placenta.Talbot, J. J. 1979. Una nueva lista sistematica de reptiles del Paraguay. Informe Cientifico del Instituto de CienciasBasicas, Asuncion 2: 464-547.Tedesco, M. E., A. Hernando, and B. B. Alvarez. 1992. Hallazgo de Liolaemus wiegmanni (Dumeril y Bibron 1837)(Iguania, Liolaemidae) en la provincia de Corrientes (Repiiblica Argentina). Facena 9: 1 17-122.Tiedemarm, F. and M. Haupl. 1980. Typenkatalog der Herpetologishen Sammlung Teil II: Reptilia. Kataloge derwissenschaftlichen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 4 (Vertebrata 2): 5-79.p. 17 - collection includes syntypes of Ctenoblepharis stolzmanni; p. 17 - collection includes holotype ofCtenoblepharys adspersa; p. 41 - collection includes syntype of Liolaemus fitzgeraldi; p. 41 - collectionincludes syntype of Liolaemus pulcher, p. 45 - collection includes syntype of Proctotretus pallidus.Tinkle, D. W. 1967. The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard f/fa 5fanjfcMWa?a. University of MichiganMuseum of Zoology Miscelaneous Publications 132: 1-182.p. 27 - Liolaemus multiformis mentioned.Tinkle, D. W. and J. W. Gibbons. 1977. The distribution and evolution of viviparity in reptiles. University ofMichigan Museum of Zoology Miscelaneous Publications 154: 1-59.p. 29 - Liolaemus multiformis mentioned; p. 39 - L. monticola mentioned.Tiranti, S. and L. J. Avila. 1994. Aportes a la herpetologia de la provincia de La Pampa. I. Lista de los taxa depresencia segura en la provincia. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 10(1): 39-41.p. 40 - list Liolaemus anomalus, L austromendocinus, L darwinii, L. gracilis, L. wiegmanni.Tiranti, S. J. and L. J. Avila. 1997. Reptiles of La Pampa Province, Argentina: an annotated list. Bulletin of theMaryland Herpetological Society 33(3): 97-1 17.Toft, C. A. 1985. Resource partitioning in amphibians and reptiles. Copeia 1985(1): 1-21.p. 6 - cites Fuentes (1976) for habitat and food of nine species of Liolaemus in Chile.Troncoso, J. F. and J. C. Ortiz. 1987. Catalogo herpetologico del Museo Regional de Concepci6n. Museo Regionalde Concepcion Comunicaciones 1: 9-19.
- museum numbers and localities for: p. 12 - Liolaemus atacamensis, L bisignatus, L. copiapensis; p. 13 -
60L cyanogaster, L brattstroemi, L c. cyanogaster, L chilensis, L chillanensis, L fuscus, L lemniscatus; p.14. L nigromaculatus, L. nitidus, L platei; p. 15 - L. pictus pictus, L pictus chiloensis; p. 16 - Z- pictustalcanensis. L schroederi, L tenuis; p. 17 - Z-. sp., Phymaturus palluma palluma.Trost, E. 1954. Zur Morphologic der Parietalorgane der Eidechsen. Anatomischer Anziger (Zentraibaltt fuer dieGesamte wissenschaftliche Anatomic) 100: 368-374.
- parietal eye of Liolaemus chiliensis is described.Trost, E. 1956. Uber die Lage des Foramen panetalc bei rezenten Reptilicn und Labyrinthodontia. Acta Anatomica 26:318-339.
- parietal eye oi Liolaemus chiliensis and L. pictus descnbed.Troycr, K. 1991. Role of microbial cellulose degradation in reptile nutntion. Pp. 31 1-325. in: C. H. Haigler and P. J.Wimer (eds.). Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Cellulose. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
- some Liolaemus sp. are primarily herbivorous and may have gut microsymbionts capable of fermentingplant fiber.Tschudi, J. J. von. 1845. Reptilium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pieraque observata velcollecta sunt in itinere a Dr. J. D. de Tschudi. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 11(1): 150-170.p. 157 - Liolaemus (Proctotretus) marmoratus; Liolaemus (Proctoretus) multimaculatus; - t.d. Liolaemus(Liolaemus) elegans; p. 158 - Urocentron {Phymaturus) Palluma, t.d. Ctenoblepharys; t.d. Ctenoblepharysadspersa.Tschudi, J. J. von. 1846. Untersuchungen iiber die Fauna Peruana. Herpetologie. Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St.Gallen. 80 pp.p. 32 - Ptychodeira: includes P. signifer and P. nigromaculatus in this genus; p. 33 - Liolaemus: lists of
species and synonomies proposed by other authors. Descnbes Liolaemus elegans from costal Peru; p. 35 -Urocentron palluma; p. 36 - describes Ctenoblepharys. and C. adspersus from costal Peru.Turner, F.B. 1977. The dynamics of populations of squamates, crocodilians and rhynchocephalians. Pp. 157-264, i/i:C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. AcademicPress. New York, xvi+720.p. 165 - table of lizard densities: cites Sage (1974) for Liolaemus darwinii; p. 174 - cites Sage (1974) for egg
mortality in L darwinii; p. 180 - cites Sage (1974) for adult mortality in L darwinii, L gracilis, and L
ruibali.Turner, F. B., P. A. Medica, R. I. Jennrich, and B. G. Maza. 1982. Frequency of broken tails among Utastansburiana in southern Nevada and a test of the predation hypothesis. Copeia 1982(4): 835-840.p. 839 - cites Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for frequency of tail loss in 12 species of Liolaemus.Ubeda, C. A.. D. Grigera, and A. R. Reca. 1994. Estado de conservacion de la herpetofauna del Parque y ReservaNacional Hahuel Huapi, Argentina. Cuademos de Herpetologfa 8(1): 155-163.p. 156 - lists Liolaemus bibroni, L. chiliensis, L. elongatus, L. kriegi, L. lemniscatus, L. cf. magellanicus,L. pictus, and L. rothi.Underwood, G. 1970. The eye. Pp. 1-97, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 2:Morphology B. Academic Press, New York, xiii+374.p. 26 - table on scleral ossicles: cites Gugg (1939) and Underwood (recent observation) for Liolaemus.Urbina, M. and 0. Zungia. 1977. Liolaemus pictus talcanensis nov. subsp. (Squamata, Iguanidae), nuevo reptile para
el Archipielago de Chiloe. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 10: 69-74.p. 70 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus talcanensis
.
Valencia, J. and F. M. Jaksic. 1981. Relations between activity temperature and preferred temperature oi Liolaemus
nitidus in central Chile (Lacertilia: Iguamdae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 16: 165-167.
- Liolaemus nitidus maintain similar body temperatuires in the laboratory and the field.Valencia, J. and A. Veloso. 1981. Zoogeografi'a de los saurios de Chile, proposiciones para esquema ecologico dedistribucion. Medio Ambiente (Chile) 5(1-2): 5-14.Valencia, J.. A. Veloso, and M. Sallaberry. 1975. Analisis biometrico y cromosomico en poblaciones de Liolaemusnigroviridis Miiller y Hellmich (Squamata, Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales(Santiago) 12: 209-220.
- topxjtypical populations of Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroviridis, L. n. minor and L. n. campanae, and fromintermediate localities were compared with regard to body measurements and karyotypes.
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Valencia, J., A. Veloso, and M. Sallaberry. 1982. Nicho trofico de las especies de los herpetozoos del transecto AricaChungara. Contribuci6n sistematica al conocimiento de la herpetofauna del extremo norte de Chile. Pp. 269-291, in: El hombre y los ecosistemas de montana. Oficina Regional de Ciencias y Technologia de la UNESCOpara America Latina y el Caribe, (Montevideo, Uruguay).
- studied diets of four species of Liolaemus all of which include substantial proportions of plant matter intheir diets: L. ahicolor (57.6%), L. aymararum (87.2%), L. jamesi (67.8%), and L. multiformis (68.9%).Van Devender, T. R. 1977. Observations on the Argentine iguanid lizard Leiosaurus bellii Dumeril and Bibron(Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 1 1(2): 236-238.
- studied in San Rafael area of southern Mendoza Province (600-1700 m) where it is said to occur withCtenoblepharis rabinoi, Liolaemus austromendocinus, L. gravenhorsti, L. wiegmanni, and two L cf.danvini.Van Sluys, M. 1997. Home range of the saxicolous lizard Tropidurus itambere (Tropiduridae) in southeastern Brazil.Copeia 1997(3): 623-628.p. 626 - cites Rocha (1992) that juvenile Liolaemus lutzae move longer distances than do the adults.Vanzolini, P. E. 1977. An annotated bibliography of the land and freshwater reptiles of South America. I. 1758-19(X).Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de SaoPaulo, i-iv-t-186 pp.Vanzolini, P. E. 1977. An annotated bibliography of the land and freshwater reptiles of South America. II. 1901-1975. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 316 pp.Vanzolini, P. E. 1981. Reptilia. Pp. 246-261, in: S. H. Hurlbert, G. Rodriguez, and N. D. dos Santos (eds.). Aquaticbiota of tropical South America, Part 2. Anarthropoda. San Diego State University, xi+298 pp.
- lists taxonomic changes and new taxa described of Ctenoblepharys, Liolaemus, Pelusaurus, and Phymaturus
since publication of Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970).Vanzolini, P. E. 1986. Addenda and corrigenda to the Catalogue of Neotropical Squamata. SmithsonianHerpetologicai Information Service 70: 1-25.Vanzolini, P. E. and A. N. Ab'Saber. 1968. Divergence rate in South American lizards of the genus Liolaemus(Sauria, Iguanidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 21: 205-208.
- Liolaemus lutzae and L occipitalis are allopatric, closely related species, both restricted to sand dunes andsand bar environments. May have been isolated between 3700 and 2500 years b.p. L lutzae occurs fromMarambaia Restinga (23? 05' S; 44? 00' W) eastward to Cabo Frio (22? 53' S; 42? 00' W).VazFerreira, R. and B. Sierra de Soriano. 1960. Notas sobre reptiles del Uruguay. Revista Facultad de Humanidades yCiencias, Universidad de la Republica (Montevideo) 18: 1-55.Vaz Ferreira, R., L. Zolessi, and F. Achaval. 1970. Oviposicion y desarroUo de ofidio y lacertilios en hormigueros deAcromyrmex. Physis (Buenos Aires) 29(79): 431-459.Vega, L. E. 1991. Seleccion de habitat en saurios de los medanos costeros bonaerenses. Boleti'n de la AsociacionHerpjetologica Argentina 7(2): 7-8.Vega, L. E. 1994. Actividad estacional y segregacion espacial en una communidad de saurios de Mar del Sur (Prov.Buenos Aires). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 10(1): 4-5.
- comments on Liolaemus gracilis and L multimaculatus.Vega, L. E. 1997. Reproductive activity and sexual dimorphism of Liolaemus multimaculatus (Sauria: Tropiduridae).Herpetologicai Journal 7(2): 49-53.
- studied coastal sand dune population in Buenos Aires Province. Females may produce more than one clutchper year. Mean clutch size was 4.2 eggs (range = 3-7). Males were larger than females in several morphologicaltraits.Vega, L. E. 1997. Ecologi'a trofica de Liolaemus multimaculatus (Saiuia: Tropiduridae). BoUettino Museo Regionaledi Scienze Naturali, Torino [1999; in press].
- principal diet components (n = 80) were Coleoptera, Diptera: Nematocera and Brachycera, and Araneae.Males ate more Nematocera, whereas females and juveniles preyed mainly upon Coleoptera.Vega, L. E. and P. J. Bellagamba. 1990. Lista comentada de la herpetofauna de las Sierras de Balcarce y Mar del Plata,Buenos Aires, Argentina. Cuademos deHerpetologia5(l): 10-14.Vega, L. E. and P. Bellagamba. 1992. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus multimaculatus (Dumeril & Bibron, 1837),Liolaemus gracilis (Bell, 1843) y Liolaemus wiegmanni (Dumeril & Bibron, 1837) (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en laProvincia de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetol6gica 8(1): 4.Vega, L. E. and P. J. Bellagamba. 1994. Reptiles de la Reserva de Usos Multiples Caleta de los Loros, Ri'o Negro,Argentina. Cuademos deHerpetologi'a 8(1): 141-145.
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p. 142 - list Liolaemus boulengeri, L danvinii, L gracilis, L multimaculatus multimaculatus, and Lmultimaculatus melanops. ,Veloso, A. and J. Navarro. 1988. Lista systematica y distribucion geografica de anfibios y reptiles de Chile.Bollettino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 6(2): 481-539.
- provide synonomy list, type description, and distribution in Chile for sf)ecies of: Ceiolaemus, Centrura,Clenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, and Velosaura.Veloso, A., M. Sallaberry, J. Navarro, P. Iturra, J. Valencia, M. Penna, and N. Diaz. 1982. Contribuci6n sistematica
al conocimiento de la herpetofauna del extremo norte de Chile. Pp. 135-268, in: El hombre y los ecosistemas demontana. Oficina Regional de Ciencias y Technologia de la UNESCO para America Latina y el Canbe(Montevideo, Uruguay).p. 212 - Liolaemus donosoi. descriptions, variation, karyotypes; p. 216 - L alticolor. descriptions, variation,karyotypes; p. 220 - L multiformis: descnptions, vanation, karyotypes; p. 225 - L jamesi: descnptions,
variation, karyotypes; p. 230 - t.d. Liolaemus aymararum: descnptions, variation, karyotypes.Verrastro, L. 1991. Aspectos ecologicos e biologicos de uma popula9ao de Liolaemus occipitalis Boul. 1885, nasdunas costeiras de paraia Jardin Atlantico, Tramandai, RS. (Reptiiia-Iguanidae). Unpublished DoctoralDissertation, Mestrado, Universidade Federal. Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, 154 pp.Verrastro, L. and C. S. Bujes. 1998. Ritmo de actividade de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger (Sauria, Tropiduridae) naPraia de Quintao, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 15(4): 913-920.Verrastro, L. and L. Krause. 1994. Analysis of growth in a population of Liolaemus occipitalis Boul. 1885, from the
coastal sand-dunes of Tramandai, RS, Brazil (Reptilia, Tropiduridae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna andEnvironment 29(2): 99-111.Verrastro, L. and L. Krause. 1999. Ciclo reproductivo de machos de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger (Sauria,Tropidundae). Revisia Brasileira o de Zoologia 16(1): 227-231.Viana, M. L. de, C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdes. 1994. Densidad, proporcion de sexos y utilizacidn del espacioLiolaemus danvinii (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista Biologi'a Tropical 42(1/2):281-287.Viana, M. L. de, C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdes. 1994. Habitos alimentarios de Liolaemus danvinii (Sauria:Iguanidae), en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista Biologia Tropical 42( 1/2): 379-381.Videla, F. 1982. Observaciones etologicas preliminares sobre Phymaturus palluma (Reptilia, Iguanidae) del roquedalprecordillerano mendocino. Boletin del Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropologicas, "Juan Comelio Moyano"(Mendoza. Argentina) 3: 57-62.Videla, F. 1983. Habitos alimentarios en iguanidos del oeste irido de la Argentina. Deserta (Mendoza) 7: 192-202.
- studied diets of Liolaemus bibroni, L darwini, L elongatus, L fitzingeri cuyanus, L ruibali, andPhymaturus palluma in Mendoza.Videla, F. and J. M. Cei. 1996. A new peculiar Liolaemus species of the "chiliensis" phyletic group from the
volcanic Cordilleran landscapes of southern Mendoza Province, Argentina (Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia).BoUetino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 14(2): 505-516.p. 506 - t.d. Liolaemus thermarum; elevate L bellii neuquensis to full species.Videla, F. and J. M. Cei. 1998. Especes de Liolaemus sans pores precloacaux chez les males, le long des Andesmeridionales (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguania: Tropidundae). Revue Frangais de Aquariologie 25: 1-2: 63-68.
- suggests possible close relationships among species that lack precloacal pores: Liolaemus coeruleus, L
cristiani, L lineomaculatus, L nequensis. L periglacialis. and L thermarum.Videla, F., J. Escolaro, and S. Plug. 1987. Analisis trofico de los Iguanidos pertenecientes a la cuna patagonicamendocina (La Payunia, Mendoza). Boletin de la Asociaci6n Herpetol6gica Argentina 3(3): 7.Videla. F. and S. Puig. 1985. Estudios ecoI6gicos de la comunidad de lagartos en un ambiente del "Monte" mendocino.Boleu'n de la Asociacion Herpetol6gica Argentina 1(1-3): 2-3.Videla, F. and S. Puig. 1994. Estructura de una comunidad de lagartos del monte. Patrones de usoespacial y temporal.Multequina3:99-112.
- the herpetofauna of Nacunan (Mendoza, Argentina) includes Liolaemus danvini and L gracilis; includesnotes on activity and habitat selection.Vrcibradic, D. and C. F. D. Rocha. 1996. Ecological differences in tropical sympatnc skinks (Mabuya macrorhynchaand Mabuya agilis) in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 30(1): 60-67.p. 61 - lists other lizards that occur with Liolaemus lutzae at the Barra de Marica; p. 66 - cites Jaksic et al.
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(1980) that in sympatric species of Liolaemus ecological traits have evolved faster than morphological
characters.Wacyk, J., S. Guerrero, and A. Morello. 1984. Inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on muscular tonus of the smallintestine of a lizard. Journal of Experimental Zoology 230(2): 297-301.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied.Wacyk, J., S. Guerrero, A. Morello, and E. Vasquez. 1989. Some characteristics of the inhibitory mechanism of lizardsmall intestine muscular tonus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 94C(2): 441-446.
- Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L tenuis examined.Wacyk. J., Y. Paz de la Vega, D. Lemus, A. Morello, and A. N. Tchemitchin. 1980. Characterization of acetylchoUnereceptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in lizard digestive tract. International Research CommunicationsSystem (DRCS) Medical Science 8(10): 695.
- Liolaemus tenuis studied.Wacyk, J., Y. Paz de la Vega, D. Lemus, and A. Tchemitchin. 1980. The structure of reptile esophagus and smallintestine: histological characteristics of the muscularis externa of esophagus and the inner small intestine layer inthe lizard. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 8(5): 316-317.
- Liolaemus tenuis studied.Wacyk, J., Y. Paz de la Vega, A. Tchemitchin, and D. Lemus. 1978. Differing sensitivities to acetylcholine of varioussegments of the hzard digestive tract. Intemational Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science6(6): 247.
- Liolaemus tenuis studied.Webb, R. G. and J. K. Greer. 1969. Amphibians and reptiles of Malleco Province, Chile. Publications of theMuseum, Michigan State University Biology Series 4(6): 193-226.
- region includes: Liolaemus altissimus, L. altissimus araucaniensis, L. chiliensis, L. cyanogaster, L.lemniscatus, L. monticola chillanensis, L. pictus pictus (including photos), and L. tenuis tenuis.Werner, F. 1896. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Reptilien und Batrachier von Centralamerika und Chile, sowie einigerseltener Schlangenarten. Verhandlungen Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien 46: 344-365.p. 358 - Liolaemus pictus from Chile.Werner, F. 1898. Die Reptilien und Batrachier der Sammlung Plate. ZoologischenJahrbuchem Supplement 4(1897):244-278.p. 249 - Liolaemus lemniscatus listed; p. 250 - t.d. Liolaemus erythrogaster; p. 251 - L. cyanogaster and Lnigromaculatus listed; p. 254 - L. pictus and L. tenuis listed; p. 255 - t.d. Liolaemus platei.Werner, F. 1904. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise. I. Band. Allgemeines, Chordonier,Echinodermen und Coelenteraten. IV. Reptilien und Batrachier. L. Friedrichsen and Co., Hamburg, 21 pp.p. 5 - Liolaemus nitidus; p. 6 - L. chilensis, L. gravenhorsti, and L. lemniscatus; p.l - L. cyanogaster and L.Bibroni; p. 8 - t.d. Liolaemus lativittatus; p. 9 - L. nigromaculatus, L. pictus, and L. tenuis; p. 12 - t.d.Liolaemus (Saccodeira) proximus.Werner, F. 1907. In: 0. Biirger (ed.), Estudios sobre reptiles chilenos. Anales Universidad de Chile 121(2): 147-155.p. 150 - t.d. Phrynosaura; t.d. Phrynosaura reichei; p. 151 - t.d. Liolaemus buergeri; includes description ofparietal organ of Phymaturus palluma.Wemer, F. 1909. Neue oder seltenere Reptilien des Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique in Briissel.Zoologischen Jahrbiichem (Syst.) 28(3): 263-288.p. 286 - t.d. Liolaemus micropholis.Wemer, F. 1910. Uber neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums im Hamburg II. Eidechsen.Mitteilungen Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 27: 1-46.p. 24 - Ctenoblepharis jamesi from Taltal, Chile; p. 26 - t.d. Saccodeira arenaria.Westig, J. 1992. Zur Pflege von Chile - Erdleguanen. Deutsche Aquarien und TerrarienZeitschrift 45(11): 702-704.Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Beitrage zur Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr. F. J. F. Meyen.Siebente Abhandlimg. Amphibien. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarae Leopoldina Carolinae Germainicae NaturaeCurisorum 17(1): 184-268d.p. 206 - t.d. Tropidurus nitidus nomen nudum ; p. 229 - t.d. Tropidurus nigromaculatus; p. 232 - t.d.Tropidurus oxycephalus; p. 222 - refers to Tropidurus and Liolaemus as subgenera; p. 233 - T. chilensis listed;p. 234 - t.d. Tropidurus nitidus.
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Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Nachtragliche Bemerkungen zur Beschreibung der Amphibien in Meyen's Beitrage zurZoologie. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarae Leopoldina Carolinae Germainicae Naturae Curisoruiy 17(1): 268a-268d.p. 268b - t.d. Tropidurus chiliensis var. Bolivianus.Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Herpetologica Mexicana seu descriptio amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae quae itineribuscomitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede in Museum Zoologicum Berolinense pervenemnt. Parsprima, Saurorum species amplectens, adiecto Systematis Saurorum Prodromo, additisque multis in huncamphibiorum ordinem observationibus. C. G. Liideritz, Berlin, vi+54 pp.p. 18 - Liolaemus proposed as new genus for Tropidurus chiliensis, T. nigromaculatus, T. nitidus, T.oxycephalus, and T. undulatus.Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1835. Bencht uber die Fortschritte der Zoologie in Jahre 1 834. Amphibien. Archive fiirNaturgeschit 1(2): 273-296.p. 290 - lists Tropidurus nigromaculatus, T. oxyxcephalus. T. chilensis (Calotes chilensis Less.?), T.olivaceus (T. chilensis antea), and T. nitidus.Williams, J. D. (ed.). 1985. Fauna Argentina 9 1 : lagartijas y otros saurios I. Centro Editor de Amenca Latina S.A.Junin 981, Buenos Aires, 33 pp.
- color photos of several Liolaemus, but none are identified in the text.Williams, J. D. and J. M. Cei. 1983. Redescubnmiento de los sintipos de Liolaemus anomalus Koslowsky, 1896:comentanos sobre la distnbucion de la especie. Boletfn de la Asociaci6n Herpetologica Argentina 1: 7-8.Willson. M. F., C. Sabag, J. Figueroa, J. J. Armesto, and M. Caviedes. 1996. Seed dispersal by lizards in Chilean
rainforest. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 69(3): 339-342.
- Liolaemus pictus eats and disperses seeds of fruits from several species of plants.Yiiiez. J. and H. Niinez. 1982. Segundo registro de Liolaemus schmidti (Marx, 1960). (Lacertilia: Iguanidae).Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacionai de Historia Natural (Chile) 26(303-304): 12.Yanez, J. L. and H. Niiiiez. 1983. Liolaemus fabiani, a new species of lizard from northern Chile (Reptilia:Iguanidae). Copeia 1983(3): 788-790.p. 788 - t.d. Liolaemus fabiani.Yapur. L. B. and L. S. Gutierrez. 1978-79. Cicio espermatogenetico anual del lagarto Liolaemus darwini (Bell).Revista Sociedad Argentina de Biologia 54-55: 82-89.Yaron, Z. 1985. Reptilian placentation and gestation: structure, function, and endocnne control. Pp. 527-603, in: C.Gans and F. Billet (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development B. John Wiley and Sons, NewYork, x+n9.p. 532 - table on placentation: cites Lcmus and Badinez (1967) for Liolaemus gravenhorsti; p. 550 -allantoplacenta occurs in L. gravenhorsti; p. 590 - cites Lemus et al. (1970) for spontaneous contraction ofoviduct in L. tenuis and L. gravenhorsti, p. 591 - cites Zurich et al. (1971), Lemus (1973), and Paz de la Vega-Lemus et al. (1971) for adrenergic receptors in L tenuis and L gravenhorsti.Young-Downey, A. and J. Moreno. 1991. A new species of tropidurine lizard (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from LosAndes of northern Chile. Guyana, Zoologia 55(4): 391-396. [1992]p. 392 - t.d. Liolaemus juanortizi.Zavatueri, M. V., E. di Tada, and J. A. Cocilovo. 1992. Analisis biogeografico de la saurofauna del centro sur deArgenuna. Physis (Buenos Aires) Sec. C. 50: 81-94. [1995]p. 83 - Liolaemus is a component of the fauna.Zug, G. R. 1993. Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego,xv-^527 pp.p. 128 - Leiolaemus [sic] exhibits the full spectrum from insectivory to pure herbivory; p. 418 - someLiolaemus tend toward herbivory. All tropidurines are oviparous.Zurich. L.. Y. Paz de la Vega-Lemus, and D. Lemus. 1971. Presence of adrenergic receptors in the utems of twospecies of lizards, Liolaemus gravenhorsti and Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Biology of Reproduction 5(2): 123-126.