AN ILLUSTRATED SYNOPSIS OF THE PUPARIA OF 100MUSCOID FLIES (DIPTERA).
By Charles T. Greene,Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture.INTRODUCTION.Those who have ever been engaged in the interesting pursuit ofrearing parasitic insects doubtless have been impressed with thegreat desirability of having at hand some means of determiningbefore the issuance of the adult insect the probable identity of thespecies under observation. This advance information often wouldnot only render possible the collection of additional valuable materialof the same kind but enable the observer in many cases to knowmonths in advance of the issue of the adult parasite the specieswith which he was dealing. All students of the Muscoidean flieswho have attempted to rear the larvae of this group, as well asother students of insect biology engaged in the study of the parasi-tology of any insect, have experienced the pangs of disappointmentcaused by the death of a unique specimen after pupation has occurred.In most such cases in the past this has resulted in the complete lossof the notes accumulated previous to the death of the parasite, butit is believed that by using the means proposed in this brief pre-liminary paper such losses may largely be overcome in the future, atleast where the species treated in this paper are involved.Several years ago, while engaged in studies of the Muscoideanflies in relation to their hosts, Mr. W. R. Walton became greatlyimpressed with the great variety and seeming constancy of the char-acters presented by the puparia of the members of this vast complex,which came under his notice.. This suggested the possible construc-tion of an illustrated synopsis, based on puparial characters, for thedetermination of some of the forms most commonly reared in thestudy of economic insects. With this in view he began to accumulatematerial and prepare drawings as opportunity offered. After 32drawings had been made, in 1916, the assignment of administrativework compelled the abandonment of these plans, and all of the ma-terial, drawings, and notes were turned over to the present author,with the idea that he might proceed with them as he saw fit. TheNo. 2405.-PROCEEDINQS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. 60, ART. !0. 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.preparation of the remainder of the plates, the drawing of descrip-tions, the construction of the synopsis, and arrangement of the ilhis-trations, as well as the synonymy, arc the work of the author, ex-cept as may be specifically indicated hereafter. Only those pupariafrom which the adult fly issued and was authoritatively determinedhave been used as a basis for this work, and such specimens havebeen preserved for future reference in the United States NationalMuseum.This paper is based on the puparia of one hundred species ofMuscoidean flies, of which 99 have been figured, two species beingso closely similar as not to be separable by this means. The pupariaof a considerably greater number were examined in order to testthe characters upon which the present work is based, and, with asingle exception, the determination of the species of the pupariumin hand was easily accomplished by means of the following synopsis.The exception referred to is that of Frontina aletiae, which it hasbeen found impossible to separate from that of Frontina archip-pivora. Apparently these species are very closely allied.The principal characters used are as follows
:
Stigmal plate. (PI. 1, fig. 1.)?The posterior stigmata are heavilychitinized and divided into two distinct areas, each area being calleda stigmal plate. Each plate has two or more openings for respira-tion, and these openings are called slits., which connect with the maintracheae.Slits. (PL 1, fig. 3.)?Various terms are used herein to designatethe different types or styles of slits, as follows
:
Serpentine. (PI. 4, figs. 15-17.)?This term means a long windingslit somewhat resembling a snake or serpent. It may have few ormany curves.Brain coral. (PI. 3, fig, 12.)?This term means that the slits areso formed that the surface of the stigmal plate has a great resem-blance to brain coral {Meandrina., various species).Ph,in slits. (PL 1, fig. 1.)?These vary from straight to slightlycurved or angulated.Button. (PL 1, fig. 2.)?This character varies in shape fromround to nearly square and may be slightly raised or depressed. Itsposition varies a little, but it is always to be found on the inner halfof the stigmal plate, or that half nearest the vertical axis. Thebutton, according to Dr. J. C. H. De Meijere,^ is the vestigial re-mains or scar of the posterior stigmata of the first stage larva.The stigmal plate afterwards forms around this scar and becomesheavily chitinized in the last stage of the larva.Ridges. (PL 1, fig. 3.)?Elevations on the dorsum of the stigmalplate and upon each ridge is located a slit. The ridge is always
"Tijdschr. v. Entom., vol. 38, 1894, pp. 6.5-100.
AET. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 3.longer than broad and its general contour follows that of the slit.The ridges are heavily chitinized and are a part of the stigmal plate.Leaf-shaped.?Plate shaped like digitate leaf (see fig. 31).By the application of the characters given above, which are all ofa structural nature, the forms under treatment separate naturallyinto five primary divisions or groups, some of which subsequentlyare subdivided. The puparium of a given species may vary greatlyin size as well as in color. The size, of course, is variable in directproportion to the variation in the food supply, as shown by W. R.Walton in a former paper.- But the shape of the puparium, regard-less of its size, is quite constant, while the form of the stigmal platesis remarkably constant. The latter, of course, vary in size with thepuparium, but their outline is practically invariable in form. Thelocation of the stigmal plates and also of the anal opening in relationto the longitudinal axis of the puparium constitute a group of char-acters which are not only easy of application but whose constancyrenders them exceedingly reliable for diagnostic purposes. Theauthor h^j found the stigmal plates of the full-grown larvae in sev-eral species to be fully as reliable as in the puparia.The author solicits puparia of the Tachinidae and Dexiidae newto the National Collection for study purposes, and will especiallyappreciate the receipt of such puparia as can not be determined bymeans of this synopsis. He will agree to determine such materialso near as may be possible and return such duplicates as are not re-quired for further study. It is his intention to publish additionalsynopses of similar character as material and opportunit}^ offer.EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN SYNOPSIS.Hairy type. (PI. 1, figs. 1-5.)?Surface of the puparium entirelycovered with short, nearly erect hairs, sometimes very short.Smooth type. (PI. 2, figs. 6-10.)?Puparium is practically with-out hairs, excepting the usual abdominal fusiform areas. The sur-face may be dull or shining.Pit or cavity. (PI. 2, figs. 9-10.)?A depression on the posteriorend of certain puparia, in which are located the stigmal plates. Itmay be very shallow or deep. In some cases its depth is about equalto the diameter or greatest width of its opening at the surface ofpupariimi.Protuberant. (PI. 10, fig. 45.)?Rising above the general surfaceof the puparium. Viewed from the side it may be either obtuselycurved, conical, or truncate in form.Tuherculate.?A cylindrical projection, of varying length, abovethe surface (see fig. 32)
.
? Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 15, 1913, pp. 21-2S.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.Longitudinal axis.?A line drawn through the center of the great-est diameter of the piiparium and emerging at the pole or center ofthe anal end thereof (see drawing fig. 1, pi. 1).In view of the purely preliminary character of this paper and thefact that the arrangement of the synopsis is highly artificial, it hasbeen deemed advisable to make use of the nomenclature most familiarto the greater number of workers. The author has reason to believethat the names found in Mr. D. W. Coquillett's " Revision of theTachinidae" fulfill this requirement, and for this reason they havebeen adopted; but for the benefit of those who prefer the Town-sendian names, and also for the information of those students whomay be unacquainted with the synonymy of the two S3^stems, thenames used by Dr. C. H. T. Townsend are given in parentheses im-mediately following the preferred name.The obligation of the author to Dr. J. M. Aldrich for his kindassistance in the determination of specimens, as well as for manyuseful suggestions, is most willingly acknowledged. Doctor Aldrichhas also donated valuabl* material from his private collection of theMuscoidean flies. Mr. Harrison E. Smith has been most generous indonations of material, the remainder of which came from the severalbranches of Cereal and Forage Insect, Deciduous Fruit Insect, andForest Insect Investigations of the Federal Bureau of Entomology,with the inclusion of some material from the private collection of Mr.W. R. Walton, which has now been presented to the United StatesNational Museum, and where all the material used in the preparationof this paper has been deposited. I am also indebted to Mr. Waltonfor his many suggestions and his friendly criticism.SYNOPSIS OF PUPAL CHARACTERS.KEY TO THE GROUPS.
1. Pupariuru bearing spine-like hairs Group APnparium without spines 22. Spiracles below the surface of the puparium, in a pit or cavity Group BSpiracles above the surface of the puparium, not in a pit or cavity 33. Spiracular .slits resembling brain coral Group CSpiracular slits plain or serpentine 44. Spiracular slits serpentine Group DSpiracular slits plain (straight or only slightly curved) Group EGROUP A.Puparium distinctly hairy: hearing spine-like hairs.KEY TO THE SPECIES.1. Puparium truncate posteriorly (No. 1) Sturniia sooiahilis Greene.Puparium not truncate posteriorly 22. Oblique posteriorly, in profile 3Not oblique posteriorly 4
ART. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES?GREENE. 5
3. Posterior spiracles far above tlie longitudinal axis line, located in a trilobedarea (No. 2) Sturmia distincta Wiedemann.Posterior spiracles touching tbe longitudinal axis line ; not in a trilobedarea (No. 3) Phorocera meracanthae Greene.4. Posterior spiracles in a smootli, bare, octagonal area.(No. 4) Sturmia inquinata Van der WulpPosterior spiracles in a round, hairy area.(No. 5) Celatoria diabrotica Sbimer.GROUP B.Spiracles in a pit or cavity; spiracles below the surface of the puparium, withoutspine-like hairs.KEY TO THE SPECIES.1. Bottom of pit entirely chitinous and very rugose.(No. 6) Ptilodexia tibialis Desvoidy.Bottom of pit not chitinous 22. Puparium small; spiracles with three very small, parallel slits.(No. 7) Eilarella siphonina Zetterstedt.Puparium small ; stigmal plates pointed towards the base ; slits long, parallel.(No, 8)Pachyophthalmus floridensis To\\'Usend.Puparium large; spiracles rather large 33. Puparium with a deep pit ; a wide angular, transverse depression below thepit (No. 9) Megaparia opaca Coquillett.Pit very shallow; no depression beneath the pit.(No. 10) Zelia vertebrata Say.GROUP C.Spiracular slits resembling brain coral.KEY TO THE SPECIES.1. Puparium elongated, conical ; stigmal plate with three lobes ; each lobe withnumerous small slits (No. 11) Beskia aelops Walker.Puparium not elongated and conical 22. Spiracular protuberances well separated at the base ; stigmal plate broadlyelliptical ; slits wide ; button large, round, in the center of the plate.(No. 12) Oestrophasia ochracea Bigot.Spiracular protuberances touching at the base 33. Spiracular plate elongate triangular ; slits broad.(No. 13) Phasmophaga antennalis Townsend.Spiracular plate not triangular ; slits linear and angiilar.(No. 14) Coquillettina plankii Walton.GROUP D.Spiracles with serpentine slits, resembling a. snake or serpent.KEY TO THE SPECIES.1. Posterior spiracles on the dorsum of tbe puparium ; segmental lines distinctdorsally; large puparium (No, 15) Belvosia bifasciata FabriciuaPosterior spiracles not on the dorsum of the puparium 22. Posterior spiracles distinctly protuberant 3Posterior spiracles not protuberant 7
6 PROCEEDINGS or THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.
3. Posterior spiracles with two slits ; protuberance roughly granular.(No. 16) (Leucostoma) Dionea atra Townsend.Posterior spiracles with three slits 44. Spiracles almost on the florsum ; the pupai'ium large.(No. 17) Microphthalma disjuncta Wiedemann.Spiracles on the longitudinal axis line 55. Spiracles somewhat cylindrical ; widely divergent ; segmental lines distinct.(No. 18) Exorista lobeliae Coquillett.Spiracular protuberances close together 66. Puparium enlarged on caudal half ; spiracles contiguous at the base.(No. 19) Gymnosoma fuliginosa Desvoidy.Puparium slightly pointed on caudal end ; spiracles touch at the base ; fromabove, they are separated by a V-shaped space.(No. 20) OcyT)tera carolinae Desvoidy.7. Segmentation very distinct; a prominent elevation between the spiracles.(No. 21) Exorista confinis Fallfe.Segmentation not distinct 8S. Spiracles distinctly raised above the surface 9Spiracles very slightly raised above the surface 109. Spiracles located at the apes of the puparium ; slits not located on definiteridges (No. 22) Trichopoda pennipes Fabricius.Spiracles located below the apex ; slits located on a definite narrow ridge.(No. 23) Trichopoda lanipes Fabricius.10. With four slits 11With three slits 1311. Spiracular plates very small, on the longitudinal axis line.(No. 34) Phorocera saundersii Williston.Spiracular plates larger, not on the longitudinal axis 1212. Spiracular plates quite close together ; second slit from the bottom ratherlong (No. 25) Exorista boarmiae Coquillett.Spiracular plates quite small and widely separated; second slit from thebottom is S-shaped (No. 26) Hyphantrophaga hyTjhantriae Townsend.13. Spiracles widely separated; a high elevation between the spiracles; elevationmuch wider at the bottom and pointed on both sides.(No. 27) Exorista eudryadae Townsend.Spiracles widely separated; a large elevation between and below the plates;the elevation notched above on each side.(No. 28) Frontina frenchii Williston.Not as above 1414. Spiracles close together on the longitudinal axis line ; a transverse, ellipticalelevation with pointed ends at the base of the spiracles.(No. 29) Linnaemyia fuMcauda WaltonSpiracles well separated ; tkree distinct lobes ; only a slight elevation belowspiracles.(No. 30) Frontina aletiae Riley ; Frontina archippivora Williston.GaOUP E.KEY TO THE SECTIONS.End of puparium with a large rounded tubercle Section 1End of puparium without a large rounded tubercle Section 2
ART. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 7SECTION 1.End of puparium ivith a large rounded tubercle.KEY TO THE SPECIES.*1. Spiracnlar plates each have five slits 2Spiracular plates each have three slits 32. Stigmal plate located on a large tubercle, which is below the longitudinalaxis line (No. 31) Clausicella tarsalis Coquillett.Stigmal plates with short slits, each plate on top of a tube-like projectionlocated on a rounded tubercle far above the longitudinal axis.(No. 32) Tachinophyto tortricis Coquillett.3. Tubercle very large ; diameter nearly equal to the end of the puparium_ '?'Tubercle much smaller b4. Stigmal plates reddish in the center ; located below the longitudinal axis(No. 33) Sturmia pilatei Coquillett.Stigmal plates nearly round, black ; located above the longitudinal axis.(No. 34) Exorista pyste Walker.5. Tubercle near bottom surface of the puparium 6Tubercle much higher up 7G. Tubercle very large; longitudinal axis line near upper edge.(No. 35) Tachinophyto variabilis Coquillett.Tubercle small ; bottom surface of puparium nearly straight.(No. 36) Tachinophyto floridensis Townsend7. Tubercle directed obliquely upward.(No. 37) Phorichaeta cinerosa Coquillett.Tubercle small, very prominent; puparium quite small.(No. 38) Actia pilipennis FallenTubercle not so prominent--^ 8S. Puparium very small ; tubercle divided vertically on the apex; each platehas three small slits (No. 39)Siphona geniculata de Geer.Puparium slightly hirger; stigmal plates nearly rectangular; .slits verynarrow (No. 40) Siphona plusiae Coquillett.Puparium not as above 99. Posterior end of the puparium tapering into the tubercle 10Posterior end rounded; tubercle distinct but not tapered 1110. Puparium rather .slender; ventral surface slightly concave.(No. 41) Panzeria penitalis Coquillett.Puparium more robust; apex bifid; button very large, size nearly equal toridges containing the slits (No. 42) Leskiomima tenera Wiedemann.11. Posterior end of puparium v/ith a round tubercle above the center of theapex; slits parallel (No. 43) Paraplagia spinulosa Bigot.Po.storior end flat ; spiracles slightly raised ; three curved slits, not parallel.(No. 44) Metachaeta helymus Walker,SECTION 2.End of puparium ioithout a large rounded tubercle; spiracles distinctly protu-berant or slightly or distinctly raised above the surface.KEY TO THH SPECIES.
1. Spiracles distinctly protuberant 2Spiracles slightly or distinctly raised above the surface of the puDarium. T
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.
2. Pupariiim very small ; spiracular protuberance entirely smooth andshining 3Puparium of medium size or larger ; protuberance only partly smooth 43. Posterior spiracular protuberance, cone-shaped, with a groove between thestigmal plates (No. 45) Alophora pulverea Coquillett.Posterior spiracular protuberance deeply bifid on apical half and pointingobliquely downward (No. 46) Phorantha occidentis Walker.4. Protuberance granular at base only 5Protuberance entirely granular or spiny5. Spiracles widely separated, granular on the basal half only.(No. 47) Frontina ancilla Walker.Spiracles solid and granular at the base, deeply bifid on apical half.(No. 48) Clytiomyia flava Townsend6. Spiracles quite spiny on the sides, subdorsal ; anterior spiracles prominent.(No. 49) Plagia americana Van der Wulp.Spiracles vex'y rugose on the sides ; slits with short branches ; spiracles atthe apex (No. 50) Acemyia dentata Coquillett.7. Spiracles subdorsal; three lobes somewhat claw-shaped.(No. 51) Eutrixa exile Coquillett.Spiracles near the apex of puparium 88. With four slits ; stigmal plates very small.(No. 52) Phorocera erecta Coquillett.With three or six slits in each plate 99. With six slits in each plate 10With three slits in each plate 1210. Puparium cylindrical, slightly concave on the dorsum ; slits nearly straight.(No. 53) Cryptomeigenia theutis Walker.Puparium greatly enlarged on the posterior end 1111. Stigmal plates contiguous ; slits angulated.(No. 54) Biomyia lachnostemae Townsend.Stigmal plates small, widely separated ; slits simple, only faintly curved.(No. 55) Cryptomeigenia aurifaeies Walton12. Segmentation distinct on the dorsocaudal end, concave on dorsocephalichalf ; stigmal plate triangular, with three very small slits.(No. 56) Hyalomyodes triangulifera Loew.Segmentation indistinct 1313. Button on stigmal plate very large, protruding 14Button on stigmal plate normal 16(4. Button quadrate (No. 57) Admontia hylotomae Coquillett.Button rounded 1515. Two upper slits nearly parallel ; posterior end of puparium tapering.(No. 58) Masicera, species (near exilis.)Two upper slits divergent ; posterior end not tapering.(No. 59) Frontina armigera Coquillett.16. Posterior end of puparium very rugose ; slits wide, nearly parallel.(No. 60) Amobia confundens Townsend.Posterior end not rugose 1717. Stigmal plates flush with surface ; located in a triangular area.(No. 61) Exorista amplexa Coquillett.Stigmal plates above the surface of the puparium ; puparium large 18IS. Puparium with a constriction near the posterior end forming a segment- 19Puparium without a constriction 20
ABT. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE, 9
19. Apical segment narrow, of equal width.(No. 62) Chaetogaedia analis "Van der Wulp.Apical segment hemispherical (No. 63) Archytas analis Fabricius.Apical segment much wider below (No. 64) Archytas hystrix Fabricius.20. Puparium obliquely flat on posterior end ; stigmal plate with three long slits.(No. 65) Archytas lateralis Macquart.Puparium not as above 2121. Bottom slit about horizontal 22Bottom slit not horizontal 2322. The three slits of equal length (No. 66) Gonia capitata de Geer.The upper slit much longer than either of the other two.(No. 67) Gonia exul Williston.23. Stigmal plates round; a large, prominent, transverse elevation below thestigmal plates (No. 68) Blepharipeza adusta Loevv.Stigmal plates not round 2424. Stigmal plate elliptical or oval ; slits narrow.(No. 69) Masicera eufitchlae Townsend.Stigmal plate not as above 2525. Stigmal plates small, subdorsal ; two short ridges, with a groove betweenthem vertically between the plates. (No. 70) Linnaemyia comta Fallen.Stigmal plates larger, not subdorsal 262G. Upper slit horizontal, other two slits pointing obliquely downward ; buttonnear upper edge of plate (No. 71) Peleteria robusta Wiedemann.Not as above 2727. Puparium with a prominent elevation at base of stigmal plates 28Puparium without such elevation 2928. A large transverse elevation below the stigmal plates, extending up narrowlybetween them (No. 72) Tachina mella Walker.Elevation rounded, depressed in center; at base of plates oniy.(No. 73) Euphorocera claripennis Macquart.29. Puparium quite small 30Puparium medium to large size 3230. Stigmal plates elliptical; slits small and the ridges narrow.(No. 74) Hypochaeta longicornis Schiner.Stigmal plates not elliptical; slits and ridges large 3131. Stigmal plates widely separated ; an elevation ^elow and between plates
;
anal opening remote from stigmal plates.(No. 75) Phorocera tortricis Coquillett.Stigmal plates contiguous ; no elevation below plates ; anal opening muchnearer stigmal plates (No. 76) Phorichaeta sequax Williston.32. Stigmal plates somewhat flattened ; slits and ridges very small, on the outeredge; button large, round (No. 77) Dichaetoneura leucoptera Johuson.Stigmal plate not as above 3333. Inner slits and ridges noticeably larger than the others 34Slits nearly equal in size 3534. Two lower slits nearly parallel (No. 78) Tachina rustica Meigen.Two lower slits not parallel (No. 79) Tachina robusta Townsend.35. Slits faintly elevated ; ridges indistinct 36Slits located on ridges 4236. Slits small, close together 37Slits larger, remote 3837. Stigmal plate broader above; puparium not very long.(No. 80) Masicera myoldea Desvoidy.
10 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOXAL MUSEUM. vol. 60.Stigmal plate not broader above ; puparium elongated.(No. 81) Sturmia nigrita Townsend.38. Stigmal plates near apex of puparium ; two upper slits nearly parallel 39Stigmal plates remote from apex ; two upper slits not parallel 4039. AU three slits of equal length; button fairly distinct.(No. 82) Frontina tenthredinidarum Townsend.Two outer slits converge toward the button ; inner slit slightly longer thaneither of the other tw'o (No. 83) Exorista nigripalpis Townsend.40. Stigmal plates round or oval; slits large 41Stigmal plates small 4241. Two outer slits straight, slightly bent at the base.(No. 84) Exorista griseomicans Van der Wulp.Inner slit large, straight, nearly perpendicular, other slits small, close to-gether (No. 85) Phorocera flavicauda Van der Wulp.42. Stigmal plates very small ; ridges low and weaJc.(No. 86) Panzeria radicum Fabricius.Stigmal plates large; ridges strong and prominent 4343. Ridges of plate touching each other ; middle slit horizontal.(No. 87) Zelia, species.Ridges of plate not touching 4444. Puparium with a depression dorsally 45Puparium without a depression dorsally 4645. Ridges very broad and well separated (No. 88) Exorista, species (13675b).Ridges much longer and close together (No. 89) Masicera rutila Meigen.46. Lower slit in stigmal plate horizontal 47Lower slit in stigmal plate not horizontal 5247. Button on inner edge of plate 48Button not on inner edge of plate 4948. Puparium slightly depressed dorsally on the posterior end.(No. 90) Admontia demylus Walker.Puparium slightly flattened on posterior end ; an elevation below the stigmalplates (No. 91) Phorocera, species (near macra).49. Ridges taper to a narrow point at one end 50Ridges do not taper to a point 5150. All the ridges taper to a point at one end.(No. 92) Panzeria ampelus Townsend.Middle ridge tapers to a point at one end.(No. 93) Exorista futilis Osten Sacken.51. Ridges about equal in size ; a round elevation centrally depressed below theplates (No. 94) Phorocera claripennis Maequart.Not as above 5252. Stigmal plate with a very narrow ridge nearly encircling it.(No. 95) Winthemia quadripustulata Fabricius.Stigmal plate not as above 5353. Puparium and ridges large 54Puparium and ridges not large 5554. Lower slit directed obliquely downward ; puparium elongated.(No. 98) Uromacquartia halisidotae Townsend.Lower slit perpendicular (No. 97) Trichophora ruficauda Van der Wulp.55. Puparium small; ridges large, well developed.(No. 98) Sturmia occidentalis Coquillett.Puparium larger ; ridges narrow, not well defined.(No. 99) Sturmia albifrons Walker.
A?T. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 11DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.
1. STURMIA SOCIABILIS Greene.Small, dull reddish yellow ; surface covered with short, erect hairs
;
posterior end bare and rather blunt; segmentation rather distinct.Spiracles distinctly raised above surface, widely separated, andshining black. Three slits located on the upper surface of well-defined ridges. Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Buttonround, located near outer slit. Anal opening small, located justbelow spiracles.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm.
2. STURMIA DISTINCTA Wiedemann (Zyrostarmia distincta Wiedemann).Medium sized; dull, dark red. Surface covered with short hairs;stigmal area bare, somewhat tuberculate at lower end. Spiraclessubshining, black, slightly raised above surface of puparium; threeyellowish slits, each located on top of a well-defined ridge. Buttonlarge, round, well-defined, and located near center. Spiracleslocated well above; anal opening located on longitudinal axis.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
3. PHOROCERA MERACANTHAE Greene.Medium sized; dull, dark reddish brown; surface, except thestigmal area, covered with very minute spine like hairs. Spiraclesshining black, smooth above, granular around the base ; widely sep-arated and distinctly raised above the surface. Three slits, eachlocated on very prominent ridges. Button small but distinct. Spir-acles touching upper side of longitudinal axis. Anal opening veryremote from spiracles.Length, 9.5 mm. ; diameter, 4 mm.
4. STURMIA INQUINATA Van der Wulp (Zysrostnrmia inqninata Van der Wulp).Medium sized ; dull, dark red ; segmentation distinct ; surface cov-ered with short hairs. Spiracles shining black, nearly circular,raised slightlj^ above the surface, with three slits located on well-defined ridges. Button round, well defined. A small area aroundthe spiracles faintly rugose and destitute of short hairs; a fainttubercle at the base of this area. Spiracles located on longitudinalaxis. Anal opening remote, located on basal segmental line of pe-nultimate segment.Length, 8 mm. ; diameter, 3,25 mm.
6. CELATORIA DIABROTICAE Shimer.Small ; dull, dark red ; entire surface covered with spine like hairs.Some spines are in clusters, and these clusters are arranged in
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.transverse rows. Spiracles black, slightly raised above the surfaceand located on the longitudinal axis. Three slits, reddish yellow,located on well-defined ridges. Button round and well formed.Anal opening very small, located far below the spiracles.Length, 2.75 mm. ; diameter, 1.25 mm.
6. PTILODEXIA TIBIALIS Desvoidy.Very large; finely rugose, dull, dark red. Dorsum of pupariumnearly straight, the bottom broadly curved. Spiracles shining black,with three slits, each slit located on top of a well-defined ridge. Awell-defined button. Spiracles located in a pit which is quite rugoseand chitinous. This pit is located in a protruded area which, fromthe side view, appears like two large folds. Edges of pit broadlyrounded. Pit located entirely above the longitudinal axis. Nearthe cephalic end on each side of the puparium is a horn-like projec-tion. Anal opening just below longitudinal axis.Length, 13 mm. ; diameter, 4.75 mm.
7. HILARELLA SIPHONINA Zetterstedt.Small; smooth, dull, light red, with a depression on dorsum atabout the apical fifth. Bottom edge nearly straight. Cephalic endof puparium slightly pointed and showing a trace of three seg-ments. Spiracles are dark brown and located on the upper part ofa deep pit. This pit is located mostly below the longitudinal axis,with but the upper edge of the pit touching the axis. The edge ofthis elliptical opening is black. Each spiracle has three slits nearlyperpendicular and a definite button. Anal opening located on thelower or ventral edge of puparium.Length, 5.25 mm.; diameter, 1.75 mm.
8. PACHYOPHTHALMUS FLORIDENSIS Townsend.Small; elongate, dull, reddish yellow, tapering slightly towardsthe caudal end, which has a small, deep pit of a darker red color;black around the edge of this pit; the ventral surface slightly de-pressed. Spiracles located inside the pit, on the upper surface.The plates are separated by a space nearly equal to the width of oneplate. Stigmal plates are black around the edge, with the centralpart deep reddish yellow. The plate is broad above, tapering downto a very broadly rounded point below. Each plate has threestraight, parallel slits pointed at their lower end. Button large,round, and located at the lower end of the plate. Pit and spiraclesare located on but entirely below the longitudinal axis. Anal open-ing large, located a short distance below the pit.Length, 5 to 6.5 mm. ; diameter, 1.5 to 2 mm.
AET. 10. PUPAKIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 13
9. MEGAPARIA OPACA Coquillett (Megapariopsis opaca Coqnillett).Large; elongated, very finely rugose, dark red. Upper surfacefaintly depressed. Spiracles shining black, located on the sidesof a deep depression, which is coarsely rugose. The upper edge ofthis pit-like depression is rounded, lower part more flattened andprojects off rather sharply, along the bottom, from the puparium.Below the edge of this depression is a prominent, rugose surface.Anal opening just below this prominence. Each spiracle has threeslits, which are slightly yellowish; also a prominent button. Oneach side of the puparium, about the apical fourth, is a cylindrical,reddish yellow tubercle.Length, 11 mm. ; diameter, 3.5 mm.
10. ZELIA VERTEBRATA Say.Very large, subshining, dark red. Upper surface in profile, nearlystraight. The upper half of the posterior end flattened. Spiraclesblack, slightly raised above the surface and located in a shallowpit-like depression; the depression above the longitudinal axis.Each plate has three slits nearly parallel, each slit on top of a well-defi.ned ridge. Button round. Anal opening very remote fromspiracles, well below the longitudinal axis. On the side, near theapex, is a small, horn-like projection, the anterior spiracle.Length, 13.75 mm. ; diameter, 4 mm.
11. BESKIA AELOPS Walker.Elongated; shining, yellowish red, tapering gradually, smallertoward the caudal end. Spiracles decidedly tuberculate, shining red,diverging, nearly touching at the base. The tubercles are roughlygranular. The upper portion slightly larger, smooth, shining anddivided into three sections or lobes. Each lobe has from aboutnine to eleven very small slits, each on a small elevation or ridge.Button very small, round. Spiracles located on the longitudinalaxis, mostly below the line. Anal opening very small, on the underside of the puparium, the distance a little more than the length ofone tubercle.Length, 7 mm.; diameter, largest, 2 mm.; smallest, 1 mm.12. OESTROPHASIA OCHRACEA Bigot (Ormia ochracea Bigot).Large ; dull-red puparium. Spiracles subshining, black, protuber-ant, well separated at the base, slightly larger at the base. Spiracleslocated on apex of tubercles. Each plate has three serpentine slitsand a round button near the middle. Spiracles located just abovelongitudinal axis. Anal opening small, located quite remote fromthe spiracles.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 3.75 mm.3136?22?Proc.N.M.Vol.60 25
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.60.
IS. PHASMOPHAGA ANTENNALIS Townsend.Medium-sized; dull, black puparium. Some specimens have afaint reddish tinge. Spiracles somewhat triangular in form, lo-cated on very prominent protuberances, which touch at the baseand are separated by nearly their own width at the apex. Eachspiracular plate has three lobes, and each lobe has very irregular,dark-yellow slits located on a shiny, black surface. Button welldefined, located centrally on longitudinal axis. Anal opening small,located some distance below the spiracles.Length, 7.5 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
14. COQUILLETTINA PLANKII Walton (Hemithrixion plankii Walton).Medium-sized; dull, blackish-red puparium. Spiracles shiningblack, located on well-defined protuberances, which touch at baseand are separated at apex by nearly their own width. Slits areangular and located on top of well-defined ridges. Button wellmarked. Protuberances located above but touching longitudinalaxis. Anal opening very small, located near middle of lower halfof end view.Length, 6.5 mm.; diameter, 2.75 mm.
16. BELVOSIA BIFASCIATA Fabricinf (Latreillemyia blfasciaU Fabricias).Very large; dull black puparium. Caudal end larger than an-terior end. Spiracles located on the dorsmn from one-quarter toone-third the distance from the caudal end; slightly raised abovethe surface of the puparium, with three very long serpentine slits,which are slightly yellowish. Button round, distinct. Segmentallines plainly seen on the dorsum. Anal opening small, indistinct,crescent-shaped, located just above longitudinal axis.Length, 14 mm.; diameter, 6.5 mm.
16. LEUCOSTOMA ATRA Towniend (Dionea atra Townsend).Small ; smooth, elliptical, dull yellowish red. Spiracles protuber-ant, black, shining at apex, dull and finely granular at base, locatedon longitudinal axis, mostly below the line, each with two serpen-tine slits situated on top of a prominent protuberance, these pro-tuberances narrowly separated at base; inside flat surfaces nearlyparallel. Anal opening less than width of the protuberance fromsame.Length, 4 mm. ; diameter, 1.5 mm.
17. MICROPHTHALMA DISJUNCTA Wiedemann.Very large; dull, dark red, with a slight depression on the dorsum.Spiracles protuberant, located high up, subdorsally. They are shin-ing black; three serpentine slits and a well-defined button to each;
ART. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES?GREENE, 15separated by a space equal to the length of one spiracle. Anal open-ing large, located far below the spiracles.Length, 12.5 mm. ; diameter, 5 mm.
18. EXORISTA LOBELIAE Coquillett.Large; subshining, dark red or reddish black; segmentation fairlywell marked with small punctures. Spiracles tuberculate. Stigmalplates blackish, located on distinct tubercles. These tubercles areseparated at their base by a distance equal to one and one-half timesthe length of one plate. Each plate has three serpentine slits, oneabove and two below. Button distinct, round, located near centerof plate. Immediately below the spiracles is a well-defined, rounded,deep reddish-yellow tubercle, with an indentation on the apex.Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, veryremote from spiracles.Length, 6.75 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
19. GYMNOSOMA FULIGINOSA Desvoidy.Medium size ; dull, dark red to a very dark reddish brown. Somespecimens vary slightly by having the caudal end somewhat en-larged. In other specimens, the general outline is more elliptical.Spiracles are shining black, protuberant, touching at the base, sepa-rated by a V-shaped space. Each spiracle has three serpentine slits.Button large, round, not very well defined. Anal opening small,just beneath the spiracles. Spiracles located on the longitudinalaxis.Length, 6.5 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
20. OCYPTERA CAROUNAE DesToidy.Medium size; elongated, dull, dark red; caudal end slightlypointed; surface microscopically rugose. Spiracles protuberant,shining black, with a granular, narrow area at the base. Spiraclesare connected at the base and the plates are separted by a V-shapedspace. Each plate is divided into three lobes. Each lobe has areddish-yellow, serpentine slit. Button large, round. Anal open-ing small, located just below the spiracles. Spiracles located on thelongitudinal axis.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 2.4 mm.
21. EXORISTA CONFINIS Fallen (Aplomyia confinis Fallen).Large; shining, dark red, with the segments well marked withpuncture-like marks. Largest diameter about the posterior third;posterior end somewhat pointed. Stigmal plates blackish, locatedabout the length of one plate below the longitudinal axis; platesslightly raised above surface and separated by a space about half
16 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.the width of one plate. Each plate has three yellowish, serpentineslits, one above and two, S-shaped, below. Button round, well de-fined. Area between the plates with a slight ridge broadening below,becoming somewhat tubercular, with an uneven depression in thecenter.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 3.25 mm.
2J. TRICHOPODA PENNIPES Fabricius (Trichopodopsis pcnnipes Fabricius).Large ; dull, dark red. Spiracles raised well above the surface ofpuparium, shining black, each with three serpentine slits and awell-defined button; located on longitudinal axis narrowly sepa-rated at the base and more widely separated at the apex. Anal open-ing quite close to spiracles.Length, 8 mm. ; diameter, 3.75 mm.
23. TRICHOPODA LANIPES Fabricius (Galactomyia lanipcs Fabricius).Quite large; dull, dark reddish. Upper surface very faintly de-pressed. Spiracles shining black, slightly raised above surface, withthree serpentine, well-defined slits. Button not very clearly defined.Spiracles located nearly the length of one plate below the longitudi-nal axis. Inner edges of the spiracular plates parallel and separatedby a very narrow space. Anal opening small, close to spiracles ; analplate transversely elliptical.Length, 10 mm. ; diameter, 5 mm.24. PHOROCERA SAUNDERSII Williston (Madrcmyia saundersii Williston).Medium size; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, slightlyraised above the surface ; plates separated by a space equal to one halfthe width of one plate. Between the plates are two well-markedgrooves the same length as the plates. Each plate has four verysmall, serpentine, yellow slits. Button large, round, well defined.Spiracles located on the upper side of the horizontal axis. Belowthem is a prominent, transverse elevation slightly blackened. Analopening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
25. EXORISTA BOARMIAE Coquillett (Eusisyropa boarmiae Coquillett).Medium size ; subshining, yellowish red. Spiracles shining black,deep reddish in center, slightly raised above the surface, widely sepa-rated, space equal to one-half the width of one plate. Each plate hasfour serpentine, yellowish slits; sides of plate very finely rugose.Button large, round, deep red. Spiracles located nearly the heightof one plate above the longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, farbelow the spiracles.Length, 5.5 mm, ; diameter, 2.5 mm.
AUT. 10. PUPAEIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GKEENE. 17
26. HYPHANTROPHAGA HTPELANTRIAE Townsend.Medium size; siibshining, yellowish red. Spiracles shining black,very dark red in the center, slightly raised above the surface, widelyseparated, the space nearly equal to the width of one plate. Eacliplate has four serpentine, yellowish slits. The two bottom slits re-semble the letter S, with a long tail. Spiracles located a little morethe height of one plate above the longitudinal axis. Button ratherlarge, round, flat, and reddish. Anal opening small, far below thespiracles.Length, 6 mm. ; diameter, 2.25 mm.
27. EXORISTA EUORTAE Townsend (Oxcxorista eudryae TowniienA).Medium size; rather shining, dark red. Spiracles shining black,slightly raised above the surface, widely separated, the space aboutequal to twice the width of one plate. Between and below the spir-acles is a prominent, ridgelike elevation much higher than the stig-mal plates. Each plate has three serpentine, yellowish slits. (Some-times the two slits at the bottom are connected and form one longslit.) Button large, round, well defined. Anal opening large, farbelow the spiracles. Spiracles are located on the upper side of thelongitudinal axis.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.Note.?In one specimen, on one plate only, the two bottom slitsare united, showing only two slits instead of three.
28. FRONTINA FRENCHII Williston (Achaetoneura frenehii Williston).Large; dull, deep red to nearly black. Spiracles only slightlyraised above puparia; black on sides and yellowish red on uppersurface ; located about the width of one stigmal plate above the lon-gitudinal axis and separated by a space nearly equal to width of oneplate. Three serpentine slits to each stigmal plate and a well-definedbutton. Anal opening very remote, quite near the lower edge of theend view.Length, 8.5 mm. ; diameter, 4 mm.
29. LINNAEMYIA FULVICAUDA Walton (Gymnochaetopsis fulvicauda Walton).Medium-sized; faintly rugose, dull reddish puparium. Spiraclesslightly raised above surface, shiny black above and faintly granulararound lower edge, located on longitudinal axis, mostly above, nearlytouching above and more widely separated below. Each spiracledivided into three lobes, each lobe with a serpentine, nearly blackslit. A distinct round button. At the bottom of and between thestigmal plates is a prominent, raised area which terminates in a
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.point on each side; a transverse depression in the middle of same.Anal opening small and located at the lowest fourth in the endview.Length, 5.5 mm. ; diameter, 2.25 mm.
30. FRONTINA ALETIAE Riley (RUeyeUa aletiae Riley). FRONTINA ARCmPPIVORAWilliston (Ypophaemyia malaeoaomae Townsend).The puparia of these two species are almost identical; small,smooth, elliptical, dull, dark yellowish red. Spiracles slightly raisedabove surface of pupa, reddish black, located slightly above longi-tudinal axis, each having three serpentine slits. Button large, round,and near center of spiracular plate. Anal opening directly on center.Length, 5.25 mm ; diameter, 2 mm.
31. CLAUSICELLA TARSALIS CoqailleU (Phylacteropoda tarsalis Coqnillett).Very small; subshining, yellowish red. Caudal end decidedlyprotuberant, smooth, dark red. On each side at the base of thetubercle is a large, blackish tubercle; above are two smaller tuber-cles, near the center ; spiracles located on the apex of this large pro-tuberance widely separated. Each plate is blackish, somewhat leaf-shaped, with five slits, each on a small ridge. Button large, round.Protuberance below the longitudinal axis, the upper edge at the basetouching the axis line. Anal opening very small, some distancebelow the tubercle.Length, 3 mm. ; diameter, 1.5 mm.
32. TACHINOPHYTO TORTRICIS Coquillett (Tortriciophaga tortricis Coquillett).Small; yellowish red, decidedly tuberculate on the posterior end.Spiracles very protuberant, nearly cylindrical, contiguous at thebase, widely divergent at apex, shining black, with a roughened,granular band in the middle, located on top of a large tubercle theheight of which is about half its diameter. Spiracular plates ontop of the cylindrical protuberances. Each plate has five verysmall, reddish slits, each on top of a faintly defined ridge. Buttonlarge, round, fairly well defined, and near the center of the plate.Anal opening very small, far below the spiracles. Spiracles lo-cated far above the longitudinal axis.Length, 4 mm. ; diameter, 1.75 mm.
33. STURMIA PILATEI Coquillett.Small; reddish yellow, subshining, and nearly straight on theventral surface. Just below the apex of the posterior end is a faintdepression, giving the posterior end a faint appearance of being alarge tubercle. Spiracles are subshining, black, and faintly reddishin the center, widely separated, the space almost equal to the widthof one plate. Each plate has three yellow slits, each on a broad,
AET. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSOOID FLIES GREENE. 19poorly defined ridge. Button large, round, red, and with a faintdepression in the center. Between the spiracles is an elongated de-pression, which is wider at each end. Spiracles located slightly be-low the longitudinal axis. And opening quite large, decidedlyraised above the surface of the puparium, located far below thespiracles. Anterior spiracles small, tuberculate, and reddish.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 1.5 mm.
34. EXGRISTA PYSTE Walker.Medium size ; shining, dark red ; posterior end, in profile, slightlydepressed dorsally and broadly rounded on the lower half. Stig-mal plates shining black, slightly raised above the surface, sepa-rated by a space nearly equal to the width of one plate. Each platehas three dark-reddish slits, the upper and middle ones slightlyarcuate, the middle and lower slits closer together. Button large,round, well defined. Spiracles located a short distance above thelongitudinal axis. Anal opening very small, far below the spira-cles.Length, 6.T5 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
SS. TACHINOPHTTO VARIABILIS CoquUlett (Euzenillia variabilis Ck>quiUett).Small; subshining, yellow or red; posterior end tuberculate;tubercle located on lower half of puparium, viz, mostly below thelongitudinal axis. Stigmal plates shining black, slightly raisedabove the surface and separated by a space nearly equal to thewidth of one plate. Each plate has three short slits, which are nearlystraight; slits yellow, each located on a broad, slightly flattened, deep-reddish ridge. Button large, round, and located near the center ofthe stigmal plate. Spiracles located just below the longitudinal axis.Anal opening large, located far below the stigmal plates.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 1.75 mm.
J6. TACHINOPHYTO FLORIDENSIS Townsend.Small; dull, reddish yellow; posterior end tuberculate; bottomsurface of puparium nearly straight. Spiracles shining black, widelyseparated, the space nearly equal to the width of one plate. Eachplate has three slits, each located on top of a well-defined ridge.Button large, round. Spiracles located on a tubercle far below thelongitudinal axis. Anal opening small, located below near the baseof the large tubercle.Length, 4.25 mm. ; diameter, 1.25 mm.
37. PHORICHAETA CINEROSA Coquillett (Polideosoma cinerosa Coqaillett).Small ; dull, dark yellowish red. Spirales shining black, narrowlyseparated and located on a very prominent, rugose protuberance,which is darker than the puparium. This protuberance is at an
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.
oblique angle to the puparium from a lateral view. Each stigmalplate has three slits, each on top of a well-defined ridge. Buttonlarge, round. Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Anal open-ing small, located just below the protuberance.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm.
38. ACTIA PILIPENNIS Fallen (Gymnophthalma pilipennis Fallen).Small ; shining, yellowish red ; posterior end with a large tubercle.Spiracles shining, dark red, with a blackish tinge, especially aroundthe base ; plates touching ; located on the large tubercle. Each platehas three slits, each located on top of a broad, well-defined ridge.Button large, round, not distinctly defined. Spiracles locatedslightly below the longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, just be-low the spiracles.Length, 4 mm. ; diameter, 1.75 mm.39. SIPHONA GENICULATA De Geer (Croeuta illinoisensis Townsend).Very small ; dull, very dark red ; posterior end narrowed down to alarge tubercle, with the apex bilobed. Upon each lobe is located thespiracle or stigmal plate, which is black and subshining. Theseplates are separated by a distance equal to the length of one plate.Each plate has three small, yellowish slits. Button small, not verydistinct. Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Anal openingsmall, located at the base of the large tubercle.Length, 4 mm.; diameter, 1.75 mm.
40. SIPHONA PLUSIAE Coquillett (Siphonopsis plusiae Coquillett).Very small; dull, dark red; posterior end narrowed down to alarge tubercle, upon which the spiracles are located. Spiracles small,dull black, slightly raised above the surface, widely separated, thespace between equal to width of one plate. Each plate has threeyellowish slits, nearly straight. Button large, not very well marked.Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Anal opening small and farbelow the stigmal plates.Length, 3.5 mm.; diameter, 1.5 mm.
41. PANZERIA PENITALIS Coquillett (Pyraustomyia penitalis Coquillett).Medium size; elongate, subshining, yellowish red; bottom surfacewith a broad indentation; posterior end rather sharply tuberculate.Spiracles small, shining black, separated by a distance about equal tothe width of one plate. Each plate has three slits, each located on arather broad, flat ridge. Button large, round, well defined. Spiracleslocated on top of tubercle, Avhich is mostly above the longitudinalaxis. Anal opening small, located just below the tubercle.Length, 7 mm.; diameter, 2 mm.
AET. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 21
42. LESKIOMIMA TENEKA Wiedemann.Medium size; dull, yellowish red; posterior end tuberculate;tubercle bent slightly upward. Spiracles protuberant, shining black,about or nearly touching at the base. Stigmal plates widely separatedby a V-shaped space between them. Each plate has three small,nearly straight slits, each located on a rounded, well-developed ridge,which is nearly round; upper and lower ridge higher and more de-veloped than the middle one. Button large, round, located on theinner side of each plate. Anal opening large, located far below thespiracles. Spiracles located on but mostly above the longitudinalaxis.Length, 6 mm ; diameter, 2 mm.
43. PARAPLAGIA SPINULOSA Bigot (Blepharieenia spinnlosa Bieot).Medium size ; dull, nearly black ; posterior end with a large roundtubercle, the bottom of which is on the longitudinal axis. Spiraclesshinging black, raised above the surface; stigmal plates touching.Each plate has three slits located on well-marked ridges. Buttonround, located on inner edge of plate, and well marked. Spiracleslocated on the large tubercle, above its center. Anal opening fairlylarge and far below the tubercle.Length, 7 mm ; diameter, 3.5 mm.
44. METACHAETA HELYMUS Walker.Small ; dull, dark yellowish red ; posterior end slightly tuberculate,the apex of which is faintly depressed; spiracles shining reddishblack, narrowly separated and located on the longitudinal axis. Eachspiracle has three slits. Each slit is located on top of a small, well-defined ridge. Button round, well defined. Anal opening fairlylarge and at the base of the tubercle.Length, 4.75 mm. ; diameter, 1.75 mm.
45. ALOPHORA PULVEREA Coquillett (Oedematopteryx pulvere* Coquillett).Very small; dull, pale yellow; upper surface of puparium nearlystraight, lower surface broadly rounded. Spiracles shining black,protuberant, conical, with a small, vertical groove on the apex be-tween the stigmal plates. Each plate is long, narrow, slightly tri-angular, with three yellowish slits, each located on a well-definedridge ; the two inner slits rather long, the middle one much shorter.Button quite small. Anal opening small and reddish. Spiracles lo-cated slightly above the longitudinal axis.Length, 3.5 mm. ; diameter, 1.25 mm.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.
46. PHOBANTHA OCCIDENTIS Walker (Phoranthella morrisoni Townsend).Very small ; dull, reddish yellow ; sharply pointed on posterior end.Spiracles protuberant, shining black, faintly reddish along the apicaledge and pointing downward. From above the spiracles are solid atthe base, and the spiracular plates are well separated by a V-shapedspace. Each plate is triangular in shape and has three slits, each ontop of a well-defined reddish-yellow ridge ; the upper slit the longestand the middle the shortest. Between the slits the surface is deepreddish. Button large, rounded, and reddish. Spiracles located onthe longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, just below the spiracles.Length, 2 mm. ; diameter, 1 mm.
47. FRONTENA ANCILLA Walker (Frontiniella parancilla Townsend).Small; subshining, dark red. Spiracles shining black, located onprominent protuberances, which are granular around the basal half,smooth on upper half. They are separated by a space equal to thelength of one stigmal plate. Each plate has three small tubercles onthe surface. On the top of each is located the slit. Button small,round, and rather weak. Spiracles located on the longitudinal axis.Anal opening small, located below about twice the length of theprotuberance.Length, 5 mm.; diameter, 1.75 mm.
48. CLYTIOMYIA FLAVA Townsend.Small; dull red. Spiracles protuberant, shining black, roughlygranular at the base. From above they are widely separated by aV-shaped space. Spiracles triangular, each having three faintly-yellow slits, each slit on top of a very well-defined ridge. Buttonround, well defined. Anal opening very small and quite close tospiracles. Spiracles located on the longitudinal axis.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 2.25 mm.
49. PLAGIA AMERICANA Van der Wulp.Medium size ; dull, dark red ; posterior end of the puparia notice-ably larger than the anterior end. Spiracles are decidedly protuber-ant, shining black, touching at the base and widely divergent at theapex. The bases of these protuberances are covered with small spines.Stigmal plates on top of the protuberances. Each plate has threesmall slits, each on top of a well-defined ridge. Anterior spiracleswell developed, shining black, tuberculate, and widely separated.Button large, located on the inner edge of the plate. Anal openingsmall, far below the spiracles, and slightly below the longitudinalaxis. Spiracles located far above the longitudinal axis.Length, 6.25 mm. ; diameter, large, 3 mm. ; small, 2 mm.
ART. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 23
50. ACEMTIA DENTATA Coquillett (Acemyiopsis dentata Coquillett).Medium size; dull, blackish red, very finely rugose; posterior endslightly tuberculate. Spiracles black, protuberant, touching at thebase; apex separated by a space nearly equal to the width of oneplate ; the sides roughly granular ; apex shining, divided into threelobes. The slits are yellowish and located on these lobes. Buttonlarge and round. Spiracles located above on the longitudinal axis.Anal opening located below, about the length of one stigmal plate.Length, 6 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.
51. EUTRIXA EXILE CoquUlett.Medium size; shining, dark red; posterior end greatly enlarged;anterior half of the dorsum with a deep depression. Spiracles black,on small tubercles, which have a granular surface. Spiracles widelyseparated, the distance nearly equal to twice the basal diameter ofthe tubercles. Each stigmal plate has three slits, each one of whichis on top of a sharply defined ridge. Button small, round, located onupper edge. Spiracles located far above longitudinal axis. Analopening large, located just below the longitudinal axis.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.
52. PHOROCERA ERECTA Coquillett.Medium-sized; subshining, yellowish red. Spiracles shining,mostly dark, yellowish red, blackish around the edge, widely sepa-rated, the space equal to about three-fourths the width of one plate.Each plate has four slits. The three upper ones are concaved and thelower slit convex. Each slit on top of a broad, yellow, flat ridge.Button very large, round, reddish yellow. Spiracles are locatedvery slightly above the longitudinal axis. Anal opening large, farbelow the spiracles.Length, 5.5 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm.
53. CRYPTOMEIGENIA THEUTIS Walker.Medium to large size; dull, dark red; concave on the dorsum;spiracles shining black, distinctly raised above the surface, wellseparated, the space equal to the width of one plate. Each plate hassix (rarely five) nearly straight, deep-yellow slits. Button large,round, well defined. Spiracles located above the longitudinal axis,a little more than the length of one stigmal plate. Anal openinglarge, far below the spiracles.Length, 6.5 to 9 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 to 4.5 mm.
64. BIOMYIA LACHNOSTERNAE Townsend (Viviania lachnoatemae Townsend).Medium size; subshining, dark red; posterior end much largerdiameter than the anterior end. Spiracles shining black, slightly
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.
raised above the surface, narroAvly separated by a space about one-fourth the width of one plate. Each plate has six small, slightly an-gular, yellowish slits on a flattened surface. Button large, round,near inner edge. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Spiracles located little more than the length of one plate above thelongitudinal axis.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, large, 3.65 mm. ; small, 2.5 mm.
65. CRYPTOMEIGENIA AURIFACIES Walton.Medium size; dull, dark red; surface of puparium roughened orgranular to nearly rugose; caudal end much larger in diameter.Stigmal plates shining black, widely separated, space equal to widthof one plate. Each plate is flattened on the dorsal surface and deepreddish to black. Each plate has six yellowish slits, which are nearlystraight. Some specimens show the slits more angulated than shownin the drawing. Button large, round. Anal opening large, locatedfar below the stigmal plates. Spiracles located far above the longi-tudinal axis.Length, 6.5 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm. at largest diameter.
56. HYALOMYODES TRIANGULIFERA Locw.Very small; dull, yellowish red; a depression on the dorsum ofthe anterior half ; segmental lines of the last three or four segmentsplainly seen on the dorsum. Spiracles shining black, narrowlyseparated at the base ; slightly raised above surface. Each stigmalplate has three very small, yellowish slits. Button small, not veryplainly seen. Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Anal openingsmall, far below the spiracles.Length, 3 mm. ; diameter, 1.4 mm.Some puparia do not have the segmental lines and the dorsal de-pression.
57. ADMONTIA HYLOTOMAE Coquillett (Hylotomomyia hylotomae Coquillett).Medium-sized; subshining, red to reddish yellow. Spiracles shin-ing black, slightly raised above the surface, widely separated, spaceequal to one-half of one plate ; each plate with three yellowish slits,each located on top of a well-defined ridge. Button reddish, promi-nent, rather quadrate in shape. Spiracles far above the longitudinalaxis. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.58. MASICERA. species (near EXILIS).Medium-sized; dull yellow; somewhat pointed on posterior endSpiracles shining black, slightly raised above the surface and sepa-rated by a very narrow space at the bottom. Each plate has threeslits, each on top of a well-defined ridge; slits yellowish red. Button
ART. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 25large, prominent, and red. Spiracles located a short distance aborethe longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, reddish, located some dis-tance below the spiracles.Length, 5.5 mm.; diameter, 2 mm.
59. FRONTINA ARMIGERA Coquillett (Encelatoria armigera Coquillett).Small; dull, yellowish red. Spiracles shining black, slightlyraised above the surface, separated by a space equal to one-half thewidth of one plate. Each plate has three reddish slits, each on topof a well-defined ridge. Button large, round, prominent, extendingbeyond the edge of the plate. Spiracles located some distance abovethe longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 6 mm. ; diameter, 2.25 mm.
60. AMOBIA CONFUNDENS Townsend (Amobiopsis confundens Townsend).Medium-sized; subshining, dark red; posterior end distinctlyrugose. Spiracles black, subshining, slightly raised above the sur-face, widely separated by a space equal to about one and one-halftimes the width of one spiracular plate. Each plate has three broad,yellowish slits nearly parallel and depressed along the center, eachon a distinct ridge. Button small, round. Anal opening small, farbelow the spiracles. Spiracles located just above the longitudinalaxis.Length, T.25 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
61. EXORISTA AMPLEXA Coquillett (Masiceropsis amplexa CoquUlett).Large; dull, dark red. Spiracles about flush with the surface ofthe puparium, in a faint triangular depression. Spiracles shiningblack, well separated; three slits reddish. Button round. Just belowthe spiracles is a broad tubercle. Spiracles located on longitudinalaxis. Anal opening far below the spiracles. Posterior end ofpuparium around the stigmal area is rugose.Length, 10 mm. ; diamet'ir, 4 mm.
62. CHAETOGAEDIA ANALIS Van der Wulp.Very large; cylindrical, dull, dark red, darker on caudal end.Slightly but broadly constricted on the dorsum near posterior end.Caudal end rather blunt. Spiracles decidedly raised, shining black,and each formed into three well-defined lobes, and each lobe with awell-defined slit on the dorsal ridge; the inner and outer slit with anindentation at the middle. Button well defined. Spiracles locatedon longitudinal axis and separated by a space about equal to theinner lobe. Anal opening located at about the lowest fourth of theend view.Length, 10 mm. ; diameter, 4 mm.
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. ?0.
63. ARCHYTAS ANALIS Fabricius.Large; dull, dark red, with a faint indication of a depression orstricture near the posterior end. Spiracles shining black, slightlyraised above the surface, separated by a space nearly equal to thewidth of one plate. Each plate has three slits, each located on topof a well-defined ridge. Button fairly large, round. Spiracles abovelongitudinal axis, about two-thirds the width of one plate. Analopening very small, far below the spiracles.Length, 10.5 mm. ; diameter, 4.75 mm.
64. ARCHYTAS HYSTRIX Fabricins (Jurinopsis floridensis Townsend).Very large ; cylindrical, dull, dark red ; constricted near the caudalend, forming a distinct lobe or segment at the end of the puparium,which is much larger at the base. Spiracles shining black, wellraised, and on longitudinal axis; three reddish-yellow slits, eachlocated along the upper edge of a well-defined ridge. Button round,well defined. Spiracles separated by a distance nearly equal to thewidth of one spiracle. Anal opening down near lower edge of endview.Length, 14 mm. ; diameter, 6 mm.
65. ARCHYTAS LATERALIS Macqaart (Makasinocera lateralis Macqnart).Large; subshining, dark red, rugose, upper surface nearly flat;posterior end flattened on the upper half. Spiracles shining black,located above the longitudinal axis a distance about equal to thewidth of one plate. Each plate has three slits, each on top of a well-defined ridge. Button small, round. Anal opening small, far belowthe spiracles.Length, 12.5 mm.; diameter, 5.75 mm.
66. GONIA CAPITATA De Geer.?Large; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, slightly raisedabove the surface, separated by a space equal to one-half the widthof one plate. Each plate has three slits, each on top of a well-defined ridge. Button round, well defined. Spiracles located justabove the longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far below the stig-mal plates.Length, 10 mm. ; diameter, 4.25 mm.
67. GONIA EXUL Williston.Large; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, decidedly raisedabove the surface, widely separated at the base, the distance equalto about one-half to two-thirds the width of one plate. Each platehas three slits, black, each located on top of a very well-defined
* The adult, a female, has the characters of Gonia sequax Williston.
AET. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE, 27
ridge. Button large, round. Spiracles slightly above the longi-tudinal axis. Anal opening large, far below the spiracles.Length, 10.5 nun.; diameter, 4.75.
68. BLEPHARIPEZA ADUSTA Loew (Rileymyia adusta Loew).Large; dull, dark red. Spiracles black, shining, slightly raisedabove the surface. Stigmal plates separated by a distance equalto about one-third the width of one plate. Each plate has threereddish slits, each at the top of a well-defined ridge. Button large,round. Spiracles above, almost on the longitudinal axis. Analopening small, far below the spiracles. Just below the stigmalplates is a somewhat diamond-shaped elevation with a median de-pression.Length, 8 mm.; diameter, 4.5 mm.
69. MASICERA EUFITCmAE Townsend (Phrynolydella cufitehiae Townsend).Very large; dull, dark red, very finely rugose. Spiracles shiningblack, slightly raised above the surface, separated by space nearlyequal to the width of one stigmal plate. A small indentation justabove and between the stigmal plates and one below each plate.Below the spiracles is a transverse elongated elevation with anelongated, central depression. Spiracles located on longitudinalaxis. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 9.5 mm.; diameter, 4.5 mm.
70. LINNAEMTIA COMTA Falldn (Bonnetia comta Fallen).Large; dull, reddish yellow. Spiracles shining black, slightlyraised above the surface, widely separated, the space nearly equalto one-half the width of one plate. Each plate has three curvedslits, each on top of a well-defined ridge. Button large, round.An elongated ridge extending up between the plates, larger andbroader at the base. Spiracles far above the longitudinal axis.Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 10 mm.; diameter, 4 mm.
71. PELETERIA ROBUSTA Wiedemann (Sphyromyia robuata Wiedemann).Very large; robust, dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, de-cidedly raised above the surface of the puparium. Stigmal plateswell separated; space between them nearly equal to the width ofone plate. Each plate has three long slits, each slit on a large,well-defined ridge. Two upper slits are nearly parallel; the upperone is horizontal. Button large, round, flat. Anal opening large,located far below the spiracles. Spiracles located just above thelongitudinal axis.Length, 11.5 mm.; diameter, 5 mm.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.
72. TACHINA MELLA Walker (Exorista mella Walker).Small; dull, yellowish red. Spiracles subshining, slightly raisedabove the surface, separated by a distance equal to about one-halfof one plate. Each plate has three reddish slits, each on a well-defined ridge. Button large, round, and reddish. Just below thespiracles is a prominent elevation with an indentation in the center.Spiracles located slightly above the longitudinal axis. Anal open-ing small, far below the spiracles.Length, 5 mm.; diameter, 2 mm.
T3. EUPHOROCERA CLARIPENNIS Macqnart (Neophorocera claripennis Macqnart).Small to large; dull, light red to very dark red, slightly lighterred above and between the spiracles. Spiracles shining black, widelyseparated, the space nearly equal to the height of one plate. Eachplate has three dark-yellow slits, each on top of a well-defined ridge.Button large, round. Spiracles located on the upper side of thelongitudinal axis. Below and between the spiracles is a large, dark,rugose elevation with a central depression. Anal opening small, farbelow the spiracles.Length, 5 to 8 mm. ; diameter, 2 to 4 mm.
74. HYPOCHAETA LONGICOKNIS Schiner.Very small ; dull yellowish red. Spiracles black, faintly shining,narrowly separated, slightly raised above the surface. Each platewith three slits, each slit located on a rather flattened, faint ridge.Button large, somewhat elliptical. Anal opening small, locatednearly twice the length of one plate, below the stigmal plates.Spiracles located slightly above the longitudinal axis.Length, 3.5 mm. ; diameter, 1.5 mm.
76. PHOROCERA TORTRICIS Coquillett.Very small ; dull, reddish yellow. Spiracles shining black, slightlyraised above the surface, separated by a space equal to about one-third the width of one plate. Each plate has three yellowish slits,each located on a well-marked ridge. Button round, well marked.Between, at the base of the stigmal plates, is an elevation nearly aslarge as one stigmal plate. The sides of the elevation are brownish,and it is pointed on the upper edge. Spiracles located on longitudi-nal axis. Anal opening small, quite far below the stigmal plates.Length, 3.75 mm. ; diameter, 1.25 mm.
76. PHORICHAETA SEQUAX Williston (Polideo?oma seqnax Williston).Small; dull, yellowish red. Posterior end of puparium faintlytuberculate. Spiracles reddish, located on this faint tubercle. Eachspiracle has three slits, each slit on top of a ridge; spiracles nearly
AET. 10. PUPAKIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 29touching and located on the longitudinal axis. Button large, round,close to inside edge- Anal opening small, remote from spiracles.Length, 3.75 mm. ; diameter, 1.5 mm.
77. DICHAETONEURA LEUCOPTERA Johni?n.Medium size; subshining, yellowish red. Spiracles black, sub-shining, separated by a space equal to about one-third the width ofone plate. Each plate has three short slits toward the outer edge,each on a very narrow, poorly defined ridge. Button large, round,somewhat indistinct. Spiracles located below the longitudinal axis,but just about touching it. Anal opening very small, far below thespiracles.Length, 6 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm.78. TACHINA RUSTICA Meicen (Exorista simnlans Meigen).Small to medium; dull, yellowish red. Spiracles shining black,red in the center, widely separated, space nearly equal to width ofone plate. Each plate has three yellowish slits, each on top of awell-defined ridge. Button large, round, and blackish. Spiraclesvery slightly above the longitudinal axis. Between the spiracles, atthe pole, is a diamond-shaped elevation with a depression in thecenter. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 5 to 6.5 mm. ; diameter, 2 to 2.5 mm.
79. TACHINA ROBUSTA Townsend (Tachinomyia robujita Towngend).Medium to large size; dull, reddish to nearly black, finely rugose.Spiracles shining black, widely separated, space nearly equal towidth of one plate. Each plate has three reddish-yellow slits, eachslit on top of a well-defined ridge, which is striated ; inner slit notice-ably larger than the other two. Spiracles far above the longitudinalaxis. Area around the spiracles with larger rugosities. Anal open-ing small, far below the spiracles.Length, 6.5 to 12 mm. ; diameter 3 to 5.5 mm.80. MASICERA MYOIDEA Desvoidy.Medium-sized; dull, dark red, with a grayish tinge, nearly smooth.Spiracles shining black, slightly raised above the surface, separatedby a distance equal to about one-half of one plate. Each plate hasthree slits. Button small, round, well defined. Spiracles locatedon longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 7.5 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.81. STURMIA NIGRITA Townsend.Medium size, elongate; dull, dark red. Spiracles black, sub-shining, slightly raised above surface, separated by a distance equalto one-half the width of one stigmal plate. Each plate has three3136?22? Froc.N.M.Vol.60 26
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM, vol.60.yellowish slits. Button small, round. Spiracles located just abovethe longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, located far below thestigmal plates.Length, 8.5 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
82. FRONTINA TENTHREDINmARUM Townsend (Myrsin* tenthredinld?rum Towniend).Small; dull, yellowish red. Spiracles shining black, slightly red-dish in the middle, slightly raised above the surface, widely sepa-rated by a space nearly equal to the width of one plate. Each platehas three yellowish slits, each on top of a narrow ridge. Buttonsmall, rounded, and not very distinct. Spiracles located veryslightly above the longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far belowthe spiracles.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm.
83. EXORISTA NIGRIPALPIS Town?end.Small ; subshining, yellowish red. Spiracles shining, black aroundthe edge, reddish, in the center, slightly raised above the surface.Each plate has three reddish-yellow slits, each on top of a poorlydefined ridge. Button large, round, deep red. Spiracles locatedslightly above the longitudinal axis. Anal opening fairly large, farbelow the spiracles.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 2 mm.
84. EXORISTA GRISEOMICANS Van der Wulp (Masiceropsii amplcxa Coquillett).Medium-sized; subshining, dark red. Spiracles shining black,dark reddish in center, slightly raised above the surface. Eachplate has three reddish slits, each on top of a broad, flattened, in-distinct ridge. Button large, round, deep red. Spiracles located
'some distance above the longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, farbelow the spiracles.Length, 6 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.85. PHOROCERA FLAVICAUDA Van der Wulp.Medium size; subshining, yellowish red; broadly rounded pos-teriorly, faintly depressed on the anterior dorsal portion. Spiraclesblack, subshining on the sides, deep reddish in the middle, slightlyraised above the surface, widely separated, space equal to about one-half the width of one plate. Each plate has three reddish-yellowslits, the two lower slits closer together. Button large, round, red-dish, slightly blackish near the middle. Spiracles located above thelongitudinal axis slightly more than the height of one plate. Analopening very small, far below the spiracles.Length, 7.5 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.
ART. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES?GREENE. 31
86. PANZERIA RADICUM Fabriciui (Varichaeta aldrichi Townsend).Medium-sized ; dull red, with a very faint depression on the dorsalsurface. Spiracle dull black, very small, separated by a space nearlyequal to the width of one plate, very slightly raised above the sur-face. Each plate has three very small slits, each on top of a faintlyraised surface. Button large and round. Spiracles some distanceabove longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 6 mm ; diameter, 2.25 mm.
87. ZELIA, species (near GENUINA).Medium size; subshining, rugose, especially on the posterior end.Spiracles subshining, black, decidedly raised above the surface, nar-rowly separated at the base, more widely so at the apex. Each platehas three dull-yellow slits, each slit located on top of a broad, well-defined ridge. Button small, round, depressed. Spiracles locatedonly a short distance above the longitudinal axis. Anal openingsmall, far below the spiracles.Length, 7.5 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.88. EXORISTA, specie* (Hopk. U. S. 13675&).Medium-sized ; subshining, dark red ; caudal end slightly depresseddorsally at about one-third the length from the end. Spiraclesshining black, widely separated, the space equal to the width of oneplate. Each plate has three reddish slits, each on top of a well-defined ridge, the upper one much longer than either of the other two.Button red, large, well defined. A prominent elevation just belowand between the spiracles. Anal opening large, far below the spira-cles, on the flat under surface of the puparium. Spiracles locatedjust below the longitudinal axis.'Length, 6.5 mm. ; diameter, 2.65 mm.
89. MASICERA RUTILA Meieen.Medium-sized; dull, yellowish red. Spiracles shining black, raisedabove the surface. Each plate has three reddish slits, each locatedon a well-defined ridge. Stigmal plates separated by a distance equalto about one-fifth of one plate. Button large, round. Spiracles justslightly above the longitudinal axis. Just below the stigmal platesis a broadly rounded, flattened tubercle with a depression near theapex. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 6.25 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.
90. ADMONTIA DEMYLUS Walker (Spathimeigenia ?pinigera To^vneend).Medium-sized; dull, reddish yellow. Spiracles shining black,slightly raised above the surface, narrowly separated, the space equalto about one-third the width of one plate. Each plate has three
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.60.yellow slits, each located on a well-defined ridge. Button large,round, red. Spiracles located a short distance above the longitudinalaxis. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Length, 7 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.
91. PHOROCERA, gpcciea (near MACRA).Medium-sized ; subshining. Stigmal plates shining black, slightlyraised above surface. Plates separated by a space equal to one-halfof one plate. Each plate has three red slits, each on top of a ridge.Button round, fairly distinct. Spiracles located on longitudinalaxis. Between and partly below the stigmal plates is a large, rugosetubercle. Anal opening small, far below the spiracles.Lenth, 7 mm. ; diameter, 2.75 mm.
92. PANZERIA AMPELUS Walker (Varichaeta ampelns Walker).Medium-sized; dull, dark red, very minutely rugose. Spiraclesshining black, slightly raised above the surface, separated by a spaceequal to one-third of one stigmal plate. Each plate has three red-dish slits. Button medium-sized, round. Spiracles located on longi-tudinal axis. Just below the spiracles is a transverse, diamond-shaped elevation with a median depression.Length, 7.5 mm. ; diameter, 2.5 mm.
93. EXORISTA FUTILIS Osten Sacken (Euexorista futilis Osten Sacken).Medium-sized; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, slightlyraised above the surface, divided by a space nearly equal to one-halfof one stigmal plate ; area between plates smooth and shining. Eachstigmal plate has three slits, each of which are located on a well-defined ridge. Button round, well defined. Spiracles located on thelongitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far below spiracles.Length, 8 mm. ; diameter, 3.75 mm.
94. PHOROCERA CLARIPENNIS MacQuart (Euphorocera tachinomoides Townsend).Large ; dull, dark red. Spiracles black, subshining, slightly raisedabove the surface, widely separated, the space between equal to aboutone-half the width of one plate. Each plate has three dark-red slits,each located on top of a well-defined groove. Button round, reddish,rather well defined. Spiracles located above the longitudinal axis, adistance about equal to the length of one plate. At the base and be-tween the spiracular plates is a rugose, rounded, blackish elevationwith a central depression. Anal opening small, far below thespiracles.Length, 8 mm. ; diameter, 3.5 mm.
ADT. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES?GREENE. 33
95. WINTHEMIA QUADRIPUSTULATA Fabricius.Medium size; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, faintlyraised above the surface; stigmal plates separated by a distance equalto one-half of one stigmal plate. Each plate has three slits, each ontop of a faint elevation. Spiracles just above the longitudinal axis.Button large, round. Anal opening small, far below the longitudinalaxis.Length, 8 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
96. UROMACQUARTIA HALISmOTAE Townsend.Medium size, elongated ; dark red and subshining. Spiracles shin-ing black, narrowly separated and located on horizontal axis. Threeslits, each on top of a well-defined ridge. Button small, round, lo-cated near inner edge. Anal opening far below spiracles.Length, 9 mm. ; diameter, 3.5 mm.
97. TRICHOPHORA RUFICAUDA Van der Wulp (Copecrypta ruficauda Van der Wulp).Medium sized ; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, tuberculate,separated by a distance nearly equal to the width of one stigmal plate.Three slits, each located on a well-defined ridge. Button small, round.Spiracles located on longitudinal axis. Anal opening far below thespiracles.Length, 8 mm. ; diameter, 3 mm.
98. STURMIA OCCIDENTALIS Coquillett.Small ; dull, reddish yellow ; posterior end finely rugose. Spiraclesshining black, slightly raised above the surface, widely separated,space equal to about one-third the width of one plate. Each platehas three reddish slits, each located on top of a well-defined ridge.Button fairly large, black, rounded. Spiracles located less than theirown height above the longitudinal axis. Anal opening small, far be-low the spiracles.Length, 5 mm. ; diameter, 1.75 mm.99. STURMIA ALBIFRONS Walker (Gymnocarcelia ricinomm Townsend).Medium size; dull, dark red. Spiracles shining black, faintlyraised above the surface, widely separated, the space equal to one-half the width of one plate. Each plate has three dark-yellow slits.The two outer slits form a U, and the middle one is oblique. Buttonlarge, round. Below the spiracles is a large, dark, rugose elevationwith a central depression. Anal opening small, far below thespiracles. Spiracles located a short distance above the longitudinalaxis.Length, 8.5 mm. ; diameter, 4 mm.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.60.EXPLANATION OF PLATES.Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 11, 12, 14, 15. 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 42, 43, 44, 49, 50,51, 52, 55, 68. 70. 71, 72, 73, 74. 77, and 95 were drawn by Mr. W. R. Walton.All the other figures were drawn by Mr. C. T. Greene. All drawings read fromleft to right. Plate 1.Fig. 1. Sturmia sociahilis Greene.2. Sturmia distinctn Wiedemann.3. Phorocera mcracanthae Greene.4. Stwmia inquinata Van der Wnlp.5. Celatoria diabroticae Schiner.Plate 2.Fig. 6. Ptilodexia tibialis Desvoidy.7. Hilarella siphondna Zetterstedt.8. Pachyophthalmufi floridensis Townsend.9. Megapriopsis opaca Coquillett.10. Zelia vertebrata Say. Plate 3.Fig. 11. Beskia aelops Walker.12. Oestrophnsia ochracea Bigot.13. Phasmophaga antennalis Townsend.14. Coquillettina plankii Walton.Plate 4.Fig. 15. Latreillemyia bifasciata Fabricius.16. Leucostoma atra Townsend.17. Microphthalma disjiincta Wiedemann.18. Exorista lobeliae Coquillett.Plate 5.Fig. 19. Oymnosoma fuUginosa Desvoidy.20. Ocyptera carolinae Desvoidy.21. Exorista confinis Fallen.22. Trichopoda pennipes Fabricius.23. Trichopoda lanipes Fabricius.Plate 6.Fig. 24. Neopales saundersii Williston.25. Exorista boarmiae Coquillett.26. Hyphantrophaga hyphantriae Townsend.27. Exorista eudryadis Townsend.28. Frontina frenchii Williston.Plate 7.Fig. 29. Linnaemyia fulvicauda Walton.30. Frontina aletiae Riley ; Frontina archippivora Williston.31. Clausicella tarsalis Coquillett.32. Tachinophyto tortricis Coquillett.33. Sturmia pilatei Coquillett.
AUT. 10. PUPARIA OF 100 MUSCOID FLIES GREENE. 35Plate 8.Fig. 34. Exorista pyste Walker.35. Tachinophyto variabilis Coquillett.36. Tachinophyto floridensis Townsend.37. Phorichaeta cinerosa Coquillett.38. Actia pilipennis Fall6n. Plate 9.Fig. 39. Siphona geniculate De Geer.40. SipJiona plusiae Coquillett.41. Panseria penitalis Coquillett.42. Leskiomima ienera Wiedemann.43. Paraplagia spinulosa Bigot.Plate 10.Fig. 44. Metachaeta helymus Walker.45. Alophora pulverea Coquillett.46. Phorantha occidentis Walker.47. Frontina ancilla Walker.48. Clytiomyia flava Townsend.Plate 11.
Fig. 49. Plagia americana Van der Wulp.50. Acemyia dentata Coquillett.51. Eutrixa exile. Coquillett.52. Neopales erecta Coquillett.Plate 12.
Fig. 53. Cryptomeigenia theutia Walker.54. Biomyia lachtwsternae Townsend.55. Cryptomeigenia aurifades Walton.56. Hyalomyodes triangulifera Loew.57. Admontia hylotomae CoquiUett,Plate J 3.Fig. 58. Masicera, species (near exilis).59. Frontina armigera Coquillett.60. Atnobia confundens Townsend,61. Exorista amplexa Coquillett.62. Chaetogaedia analis Van der Wulp.Plate 14.Fig. 63. Archytas analis Fabricius.64. Archytas hystrix Fabricius.65. Archytas lateralis Macquart.66. Gonia capitata De Geer.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi 60Plate 15.Fig. 67. Oonia exul Williston.68. Blepharipeza adusta Loew.69. Masicera eufitchiae Townsend.70. Bormetia (Linnuemyia) comta Fallen.71. Peleteria robtista Wiedemann.Plate 16.Fig. 72. Tachina mella Walker.73. Phorocera claripennis Macquart.74. Eypochaeta longicomis Scliiner.75. Neopales tortricis Coquillett.76. Phorichaeta seqvax Williston.77. Dichaetoneura leucopt^ra Johnson.Plate 17.Fig. 78. Tachina simulans Meigen.79. Tachina rohusta Townsend.80. Masicera myoidea Desvoidy.81. Sturmia nigrita Townsend.82. Frontina tenthredinidaruni Townsend.Plate 18.Fig. 83. Exorista nigripalpis Townsend.84. Exorista griseowicans Van der Wulp.85. Neopales flavicauda Van der Wulp.86. Panzeria radicum Fabricius.87. Zelia, species (near genuina).Plate 19.Fig. 88. Exorista, species (18675&).89. Masicera rutila Meigen.90. Spathinteigenia spinige^'a Townsend.91. Phorocera species (near macro).92. Yarichaeta amplexa Townsend.93. Exorista futilis Osten Sacken.Plate 20.
I'^'ig. 94. Phorocera tachinomoides Townsend.95. Winthemia quadripustulata Fabricios.96. Uromacquartia haUsidotae Townsend.97. Cuphocera ruficanda Van der Wulp.98. Sturmia occidentalis Coquillett.99. Sturmia alMfrons Walker.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUMSfigmal Plai-e PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. 10 PL. I
Posterior End '. ^Z. ong/fuc//ha//l>^i5\S/cfe V/ew
\^-:'-'^-^w.^^f^ii^'^^PUPARIA OF MUSCOID FLIES.FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 34.
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60, ART. lOaPL, 20
PUPARIA OF MUSCOID FLIES.For explanation of plate see page 36
INDEX.This index includes all the generic and specific names included in this paper.Generic names are in bold face type, specific names in roman. When anygenus contains more than one species the specific names are listed followingthe generic as well as occurring in their regular alphabetical place. When thesame specific name is used in different genera the generic name is added inparentheses. Page.23231720Admontia 24, 31AcemyiaAcemyiopsisAchaetoneuraActiaadustaaelopsalbifronsaldrichialetiaeAlophoraaraericanaAmobiaAmobiopsisamplexa 25,analis (Chaetogaedia)analis (Archytas)ancillaantennalisAplomyiaarchippivoraArchjrtasanalishystrixlateralisarmigeraatraaurifaciesBelvosiaBeskiabifasciataBiomyiaBlepharigeniaBlepharipezaboarmiaeBonnetiacapitatacarolinaeCelatoriaChaetogaediacinero.saClausicellnClytiomyiacorataconfinisconfundensCopecrypta__CoquillettinaCrocuta
1822271525331420
Page.Cryptomeigenia 23, 24242331231129141411231727
aurifaciestheutisdemylusdentatadiabroticaeDichaetoneuraBioneadisjuuctadistinctaerectaeudryaeeufitchiaeEuphorocera 28, 32Eusisyropa 16Eutrixa 23Euzenlllia 19exile 23Exorista 15, 16, 17, 19, 25.28, 29, 30, 31, 32amplexa 25boarmiae 16eudryae 17futilis 32griseomicans 30lobeliae 15mella 28nigripalpis 30pyste 19simulans 29exul 26flava 22flavicauda 30florideusis (Pachyophthalmus)- 12floridensis (Tachinophyto) 19floridensis (Jurinopsis) 26frenchii 17Frontina 17, 18, 22, 25, 29. 30aletiae 18ancilla 22archippivora 18armigera 25frenchii 17tenthredinidarum 30Frontiniella 22fuliginosa 15fulvicnuda 17futilis 32Galactomyia 16geniculata 2037
38 INDEX,Page.Gonia 26capitata 26exul 26Gymnocarcelia 33Gymnochaetopsis 17Gymnosoma 15halisidotae 33helymus 21Hemithrixion 14Hilarella 12Hyalomyodes 24hylotoniae 24Hylotomomyia 24liyphautriae 17Hyphantrophaga 17Hypochaeta 38hystrix 26illinoisensis 20inquinata 11Jurinopsis 26lachnosternae 23lauipes 16lateralis 26latreillemyia 14Leskiomima 21leucoptera 29Leucostoma 14Linnaemyia 17,27lobeliae 15longicornis 28Madremyia 16Makasinocera 26malacosomae 18Masicera 24, 27, 29, 31eufitchiae 27myoidea 29rutila 31species (near exilis) 24Masiceropsis 25, 30Megaparia 13Megapariopsis 13mella 28meracanthae 11Metachaeta 21Microphthalma 14morrisoni 22myoldes 29Neophorocera 28nigripalpis 30nigrita 29occidentalls 33occidentis 22ochracea 13Ocyptera 15Oedematopteryx 21Oestrophasia 13opaca 13Ormia 13Oxexorista 17Pachyophthalmus 12Panzeria 20, 31, 32ampeliis 32penitalis 20radicum 31parancilla 22
ParaplagiaPeleteriapenitalispennipesPhasmophaga.PhoranthaPhoranthella_Phorichaeta _.
Page.2127201614222219,28192830, 3223301116322827181820221420281221201933813318272729runcauda jcopecrypta / ^rustica 29rutila 31saundersii 16simulans 29Siphona 20genlculata 20plusiae 20siphonina 12Siphonopsis 20sociabilis 11Spathimeigenia 31Sphyromyia 27spinigera 31Spinulosa 21Sturmia 11, 18, 29, 33albifrons 33distincta 11inquinata 11nigrita . 29occidentalis 33pilatei 18sociabilis 11Tachina 28, 29mella 28robusta 29rustica 29tachinomoides 32
cinerosasequaxPhorocera 11, 16, 23, 28,erectaflavicaudameracanthaesaundersiispecies (near macra)tortricisPhrynolydellaPhylacteropodapilateipilipennisPlagiaplankiiplusiaePolideosomaPtilodexiapulvereaPyraustomyiapystequadripustulataradicumricinorumRileyellaRileymyiarobusta (Peleteria)robusta (Tachina)
INDEX. 39
Page.Tachinomyia 29Tachinophyto 18,19floridensis 19torti'icis 18variabilis 19tarsalis IStenera 21tenthredinidarum 30theutis 23tibialis 12triangulifera 24Trichophora 33Trichopoda ICTrichopodopsis 16
Page.Tortriciophaga 18tortricis (Phorocera) 28tortricis (Tortriciophaga) 18XTromacquartia 33variabilis 19Varichaeta 31, 32aldrichi 31ampelus 32vertebrata 13Vivlania 23Winthemia 33Ypophaemyia 18Zelia 13, 31Zygostunnia 11