ARTICLE
New species and new record in 
Lamiinae from Espírito Santo (Brazil) 
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Francisco Eriberto de L. Nascimento¹⁴; Eugenio H. Nearns²⁵; Juan Pablo Botero¹⁶; Antonio Santos-Silva¹⁷ & David dos Santos Martins³⁸
¹ Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
² Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). Washington, D.C., United States.
³ Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER). Vitória, ES, Brasil.
⁴ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5047-8921. E-mail: eribnascimentofl@gmail.com
⁵ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5509-2761. E-mail: gino@nearns.com
⁶ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-7987. E-mail: jp_bot@yahoo.com
⁷ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-1418. E-mail: toncriss@uol.com.br
⁸ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8465-3134. E-mail: davidmartins@incaper.es.gov.br
Abstract. Four new species are described from Brazil (Espírito Santo): Xylergates quinquetuberculatus (Acanthocinini); Trichonius 
w‑notatus (Acanthocinini); Pseudobeta casariae (Onciderini); Xenofrea mariae (Xenofreini). Additionally, Nyssodrysina infima 
(Bates, 1885) is recorded for the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo for the first time.
Key-Words. Longhorned beetles; Neotropical region; South America; Taxonomy.
INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Brazilian state of Espírito Santo has a ter- Photographs were taken in the MZSP with a 
ritorial area of 45,597 km², which corresponds to Canon EOS Rebel T3i DSLR camera, Canon MP-E 
0.53% of the national territory, making it one of 65mm f/2.8 1-5X macro lens, controlled by Zerene 
the smallest Brazilian states. It is located on the Stacker AutoMontage software. Measurements 
Atlantic coast between the parallels 17°53′29″S were taken in “mm” using measuring ocular 
and 21°18′03″S and the meridians 39°41′18″W and Hensoldt/Wetzlar – Mess 10 in the Leica MZ6 stereo-
41°52′45″W (Lederman & Padovan, 2005). Despite microscope, also used in the study of the specimens.
its size, this state still has a significant part of its The collection acronyms used in the text 
territory covered by the Atlantic Forest (about are as follows: MZSP  = Museu de Zoologia, 
12.6% – see Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, 2019), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 
which is one of the most diverse and threatened RNV  = Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, Espírito 
biomes on the planet (Ribeiro et al., 2011). Santo, Brazil; SSA = Suzano S.A., Aracruz, Espírito 
This work deals with the subfamily Lamiinae, Santo, Brazil; UFES = Entomological Collection of 
the most diverse in the family Cerambycidae. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito 
Recently, Santos-Silva et  al. (2020) published a Santo, Brazil; INCAPER  = Instituto Capixaba de 
study on the Cerambycidae from Espírito Santo, Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, 
based on specimens deposited in many col- Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
lections of the state, and gathered by the last 
author. The species here described comprise a 
second contribution result from this material. RESULTS
Accordingly, we describe: Xylergates quinquetu‑
berculatus (Acanthocinini); Trichonius w‑notatus Acanthocinini Blanchard, 1845 
(Acanthocinini); Pseudobeta casariae (Onciderini) Nyssodrysina infima (Bates, 1885) 
and Xenofrea mariae (Xenofreini). Additionally, (Figs. 1A‑1D)
Nyssodrysina infima (Bates, 1885) is recorded for 
Espírito Santo and for Atlantic forest for the first Nyssodrys infima Bates, 1885: 412; Aurivillius, 1923: 
time. 425 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 618 (checklist).
Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60: e20206052 ISSN On-Line: 1807-0205
http://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.52 ISSN Printed: 0031-1049
http://www.revistas.usp.br/paz ISNI: 0000-0004-0384-1825
http://www.scielo.br/paz
Edited by: Simone Policena Rosa http://zoobank.org/60CCFC22-D858-40F3-9B24-F3251F441270
Received: 20/08/2020
Accepted: 05/10/2020
Published: 20/10/2020
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Nyssodrystes infima; Gilmour, 1965: 599 (cat.). these two regions; with pale yellowish-brown pubescence 
Nyssodrysina infima; Monné, 1985: 547; Chemsak et  al., close to eye, except triangular, nearly glabrous area after 
1992: 143 (checklist); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 257 middle, smooth close to prothorax. Genae about as long 
(checklist); Monné, 1995: 135 (cat.); Ødegaard, 2004: as lower eye lobe; finely, densely punctate, except smooth 
86 (hosts); Monné, 2005: 101 (cat.); Wappes et  al., apex; with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring 
2006: 36 (distr.); Swift et  al., 2010: 41 (distr.); Bezark, integument, longer, slightly denser close to smooth area. 
2013: 47 (distr.); Monné, 2020: 141 (cat.). Postclypeus nearly smooth on wide central area, smooth 
laterally; with somewhat bristly yellowish-brown pu-
This species was described based on a single speci- bescence on wide central area, with long, erect, sparse 
men from Panama (Chiriquí). Gilmour (1965) transferred yellowish-brown setae interspersed, glabrous laterally. 
it to Nyssodrystes Gilmour, 1963, a genus currently in the Labrum with yellowish-white pubescence posteriorly, 
synonymy of Nyssodrysternum Gilmour, 1960. Monné with sparse yellowish-brown setae interspersed, nearly 
(1985) transferred Nyssodrys infima to Nyssodrysina glabrous anteriorly. Antennal tubercles moderately ele-
Casey, 1913. Currently, the species is also known from vated; with yellowish-white pubescence anteriorly, nearly 
Costa Rica (Swift et al., 2010), Bolivia (Wappes et al., 2006), golden posteriorly. Gulamentum smooth, shining, gla-
and Brazil (Rondônia) (Bezark, 2013). brous posteriorly, depressed, opaque anteriorly; with a 
The species was registered by Ødegaard (2004) in few long, erect brownish setae close to anterior margin. 
Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken (Moraceae). This species of Distance between upper eye lobes 0.22 times length of 
tree is present in Central America and widely distribut- scape (0.25 times distance between outer margins of 
ed in Amazonian regions of South America. Most likely, eyes); in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 
the current records of N.  infima underestimate its actu- 0.51 length of scape (0.59 times distance between outer 
al distribution, which must be similar to that of its host margins of eyes). Antennae 2.0 times elytral length, reach-
plant. The presence of N.  infima in the state of Espírito ing elytral apex near apex of antennomere V. Scape with 
Santo, raises the question if the species uses other trees yellowish-white pubescence, with several small, irregular 
of the genus Brosimum as host plant or was introduced in glabrous areas, except apical area with yellowish-brown 
the region. According to Machado & Pederneiras (2007), pubescence, especially dorsally; with a few long, erect yel-
there are six species of trees of this genus occurring in lowish-brown setae ventrally near apex. Pedicel with yel-
state of Espírito Santo. lowish-brown pubescence and whitish pubescence inter-
spersed; with a few short, erect, thick dark setae ventrally. 
Material examined: BRAZIL, Espírito Santo (new state Antennomere III with dense yellowish-white pubescence 
record): Aracruz (Tupiniquim 19°49′05″S 40°09′45″W), on basal ⅔ (whiter depending on light intensity), shorter 
04.V.1988, Jurandir Floriano Ramos col. (# 4086), (SSA). yellowish-white pubescence on posterior third (slightly 
conspicuous, appearing to be darker due to integument 
color); with a few short, erect, thick dark setae ventrally. 
Xylergates quinquetuberculatus sp. nov. Antennomere  IV with two yellowish-white pubescent 
(Figs. 1E‑1H) rings, one basally, another starting about middle (whiter 
depending on light intensity); with short, erect, thick dark 
Description: Holotype female: Integument mostly dark seta ventrally about middle, and a few similar setae at 
brown, almost black; mouthparts reddish-brown except apex; dark areas with pubescence as on dark area of ven-
dark brown palpomeres; basal ⅔ of antennomeres III-VII trite  III; remaining antennomeres with yellowish-white 
brown, gradually lighter toward VII; about basal half of pubescence on lighter area, shorter, less conspicuous on 
antennomeres  VIII-XI orangish, and remaining surface dark area; with a few short, erect, thick dark setae on ven-
brown. tral apex, except antennomeres  X-XI. Antennal formula 
(ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.23; 
Head: Frons (Fig.  1E) finely, abundantly punctate; with pedicel  =  0.13; IV  =  0.94; V  =  0.77; VI  =  0.65; VII  =  0.57; 
yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integu- VIII = 0.52; IX = 0.48; X = 0.38; XI = 0.40.
ment; with two long, erect yellowish-brown setae on each 
side close to eyes. Median groove distinct from clypeus to Thorax: Prothorax transverse, 1.6 wider than long; sides 
area posterior to the upper eye lobes (obliterated by the with acute tubercle near posterior third, gradually wid-
pronotum). Area between antennal tubercles and upper ened from anterolateral angles to lateral tubercle, dis-
eye lobes depressed, with fine transverse sulcus (cross- tinctly narrowed, parallel-sided on posterior quarter. 
ing the median groove). Vertex and area behind upper Pronotum with five tubercles, two almost conical on 
eye lobes finely, abundantly punctate, punctures poorly each side of anterior third, two rounded and blunt on 
marked close to prothorax; with yellowish-brown pubes- each side about middle, more distant from each other 
cence partially obscuring integument (forming nearly than anterior ones, another slightly elongated on cen-
golden, slight delimited macula on each side of vertex ter of posterior area; with transverse row of coarse, deep 
close to eyes), absent close to prothorax, sparser on trian- punctures near posterior margin, coarse, shallow punc-
gular-shaped area close to prothorax. Area behind lower tures on sides of anterior half, and near anterior margin; 
eye lobes finely punctate close to eye, smooth close to remaining surface nearly smooth; wide central area with 
prothorax, slightly longitudinally striate at limit between yellowish-brown pubescence except on top of anterior 
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Figure 1. (A-D) Nyssodrysina infima (Bates, 1885), male: (A) Dorsal habitus; (B) Ventral habitus; (C) Lateral habitus; (D) Head, frontal view. (E-H) Xylergates quinque‑
tuberculatus sp. nov., holotype female: (E) Head, frontal view; (F) Dorsal habitus; (G) Ventral habitus; (H) Lateral habitus.
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tubercles, and remaining surface with yellowish-white iae with dense brownish pubescence on posterior half ). 
pubescence (whiter depending on light intensity); with Tarsomeres I-II with dense yellowish-white pubescence, 
a few long, erect brownish setae on sides of posterior and remaining segments with predominantly brown 
area. Sides of prothorax coarsely, moderately abundantly pubescence.
punctate on central area, almost impunctate on remain-
ing surface; with dense yellowish-white pubescence Abdomen: Apex of last tergite strongly notched. 
centrally close to pronotum, yellowish-brown on remain- Ventrite V trunco-conical, distinctly longer than IV, sur-
ing surface, distinctly sparser, toward postcoxal process. passing elytral apex, with apex truncate, sides spiniform. 
Prosternum and prosternal process densely micropunc- Ventrite  I with dense yellowish-white pubescence on 
tate; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring posterior area of sides, remaining surface of sides with 
integument; narrowest area of prosternal process 0.35 short, slightly conspicuous yellowish-brown pubes-
times width of procoxal cavity. Mesoventrite with yel- cence, remaining surface with whitish pubescence; ven-
lowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, trites II-IV with dense yellowish-white pubescence later-
except denser, yellowish-brown pubescence on apex ally, with small glabrous areas interspersed, remaining 
of sides. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with yel- surface with whitish pubescence; ventrite V with dense 
lowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument, yellowish-white pubescence, with small glabrous areas 
denser on mesanepisternum close to mesepimeron and interspersed, except inverted V-shaped central area with 
superiorly close to elytra. Apex of mesoventral process sparser whitish pubescence.
almost as wide as mesocoxal cavity. Metanepisternum 
with yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring in- Dimensions in mm (holotype): Total length, 11.20; 
tegument on anterior half, dense, yellowish-white with prothoracic length, 2.00; anterior prothoracic width, 2.40; 
yellowish-brown pubescence interspersed on posterior posterior prothoracic width, 2.60; maximum prothoracic 
half. Metaventrite with dense pale yellowish-brown pu- width, 3.20; humeral width, 4.10; elytral length, 7.90.
bescence on sides, with small, irregular glabrous areas 
interspersed, darker and sparser close to anterior half of Type material: Holotype female from BRAZIL, Espírito 
metanepisternum, abundant, shorter, yellowish-white Santo: Linhares (Reserva Natural Vale, Col. 1190), 
on central area (whiter depending on light intensity). 30.XI.2016, Martins & Fiuza col. (MZSP, formerly INCAPER).
Scutellum with dense yellowish-brown pubescence cen-
trally (this area widened toward apex), and shorter, spars- Etymology: The epithet refers to the number of pronotal 
er pubescence of same color on remaining surface (ap- tubercles.
pearing to be darker due to integument color). Elytra: 
Parallel-sided on anterior ⅔, gradually convergent on Remarks: By the general appearance, especially the pat-
posterior third; apex truncate, slightly oblique toward tern of the elytral pubescence, Xylergates quinquetuber‑
sutural angle; humeri rounded, somewhat projected for- culatus is similar to X.  capixaba Giorgi & Corbett, 2005, 
ward; humeral carina irregular, somewhat distinct on an- but differs as follows: antennomere IV biannulate; prono-
terior half; with oblique, moderately distinct carina dor- tum with five tubercles; white pubescent band on cen-
sally from near humerus to beyond middle, with sparse ter of the elytra narrower and with sides regular; oblique 
tubercles dorsally; surface somewhat irregular, moder- dark band on elytra beyond middle projected upward 
ately coarsely punctate on anterior ⅔, finely, sparsely from sides toward suture; white pubescent band on pos-
punctate on posterior third; elytral pubescence mostly terior quarter of the elytra narrow and projected upward 
yellowish-brown with yellowish-white pubescence in- from sides to suture. In X. capixaba (see photographs on 
terspersed, except V-shaped band on center of dorsal Bezark, 2020), antennomere IV not biannulate, pronotum 
anterior third, wide, longitudinal white pubescent band with three tubercles, white pubescent band on center 
about middle, obliquely narrowed on its anterior mar- of the elytra is distinctly wider and with sides irregular, 
gin, narrowly projected forward along suture, arched, oblique dark band on elytra beyond middle is projected 
projected sideward on its posterior apex, oblique, wide downward from sides toward suture, white pubescent 
dark pubescent band close to apex of white band, and band on posterior quarter of the elytra wide and project-
transverse, irregular white pubescent band on posterior ed downward from sides to suture.
quarter, tubercles on anterior two thirds surrounded by Xylergates quinquetuberculatus can be included in the 
dark yellowish-brown pubescence; entire surface with alternative of couplet “3” from Giorgi & Corbett (2005) 
short, sparse, suberect black setae. Legs: Femora pe- (translated, modified):
dunculate-clavate; with distinctly short yellowish-white 
pubescence not obscuring integument on peduncle, 3(2). Elytra with a small projected spine on outer margin of the apex; 
dense yellowish-white pubescence on club, yellower scutellum unicolorous, with brownish pubescence; elytra with 
on some areas, with small, circular glabrous areas inter- distinct narrow white pubescent lines. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, 
spersed. Tibiae with dense yellowish-white pubescence Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Pará, 
obscuring integument, with small, circular glabrous ar- Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão), Peru, Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa 
eas interspersed, except two rings with sparser, shorter Cruz) .................................................................. X. lacteus Bates, 1864
yellowish-brown pubescence, one slightly before mid- — Elytra not spiniform on outer margin of the apex; scutellum bicolorous; 
dle, another on posterior third (ventral surface of protib- elytra lacking narrow pubescent lines ................................................3’
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3’(3). Elytra with wide, arched white pubescent band on anterior half; elytra apex yellowish, especially last palpomere; base of anten-
with longitudinal dark band on posterior half; white pubescent band nomeres reddish-brown, especially from IV; apex of an-
on posterior quarter of the elytra projected downward from sides to tennal tubercles pale yellow; elytra dark reddish-brown 
suture. Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Colombia (Amazonas), Brazil on basal half, gradually darker on posterior half; with 
(Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso), Peru, Bolivia (Pando) ........ a wide dark triangle shape band apically; meso- and 
 ..................................................................... X. elaineae Gilmour, 1962 metafemora dark reddish-brown, especially metafemo-
— Elytra lacking wide, arched white pubescent band on anterior half; ra; basal half of tibiae dark reddish-brown.
elytra with oblique dark band on posterior half; white pubescent 
band on posterior quarter of the elytra projected upward from sides to Head: Frons (Fig.  4D) minutely, densely punctate; with 
suture. Brazil (Espírito Santo) ...............X. quinquetuberculatus sp. nov. yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring integ-
ument, slightly yellower close to eyes and centrally to-
ward vertex; with a few long, erect brownish setae close 
Trichonius w‑notatus sp. nov. to eyes. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area be-
(Figs. 2A‑2D) tween antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes, slightly 
distinct from this region to near prothoracic margin. Area 
Description: Holotype female: Integument mostly dark between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes de-
brown, with some reddish-brown areas; mouthparts pressed. Vertex and area behind eyes with dense pale yel-
mostly reddish-brown, except palpomeres blackish with lowish-brown pubescence, sparser on central area of ver-
Figure 2. Trichonius w‑notatus sp. nov., holotype female: (A) Dorsal habitus; (B) Ventral habitus; (C) Lateral habitus; (D) Head, frontal view.
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tex close to prothorax, and slightly darker on vertex close yellowish-white pubescence; central area of metaven-
to eyes. Genae slightly longer than half of lower eye lobe; trite with grayish-white pubescence not obscuring in-
minutely, abundantly punctate, except smooth narrow tegument. Scutellum with yellowish-white pubescence 
area at apex; with yellowish-white pubescence not ob- centrally, glabrous on each side of anterior half, with 
scuring integument, with long, erect, sparse dark setae yellowish-brown pubescence on lateral margins. Elytra: 
interspersed, except glabrous narrow apex. Postclypeus Nearly parallel-sided on anterior ¾, narrowed on posteri-
with bristly yellowish-white pubescence on wide central or quarter; apex obliquely truncate; with yellowish-white 
area, with long, erect dark setae interspersed, glabrous pubescence on anterior quarter, gradually grayish-white 
laterally. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus posterior- toward apex, except abundant, small circular areas with 
ly, oblique anteriorly; with yellowish-white pubescence yellowish-brown pubescence (surrounding punctures), 
not obscuring integument on coplanar area, almost gla- fragmented W-shaped band with yellowish-brown pu-
brous on oblique area; with long, sparse brownish setae bescence on anterior half, and wide, transverse band 
directed forward on coplanar area; with short fringe of with yellowish-brown pubescence on posterior third; 
yellowish setae on anterior margin. Antennal tubercles with moderately coarse, sparse punctures from which 
moderately elevated; with yellowish-white pubescence emerge long, erect, thick black setae. Legs: Profemora 
partially obscuring integument. Distance between up- almost fusiform; meso- and metafemora clavate; femora 
per eye lobes 0.29 times length of scape (0.28 times dis- with yellowish-white pubescence partially obscuring in-
tance between outer margins of eyes); in frontal view, tegument, with long, erect, sparse black setae on posteri-
distance between lower eye lobes 0.59 length of scape or half. Tibiae with yellowish-white pubescence on about 
(0.58 times distance between outer margins of eyes). basal ⅔, brownish, slightly conspicuous on posterior 
Antennae 3.0 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex third; with long, erect, sparse, thick black setae.
at base of antennomere VI. Scape with yellowish-white 
pubescence not obscuring integument, whiter laterally Abdomen: Apex of last tergite truncate, with rounded 
and ventrally. Pedicel with white pubescence basally, yel- angles. Ventrite V trunco-conical, distinctly longer than 
lowish-white, less conspicuous toward apex; with long, IV, surpassing elytral apex, with apex concave. Ventrite I 
erect, thick black setae ventrally. Antennomeres with with moderately dense grayish-white pubescence on 
white pubescence basally, yellowish-white, less con- posterior area of sides, remaining surface with pubes-
spicuous on remaining surface; antennomeres III-X with cence of same color not obscuring integument; ven-
long, erect, sparse, thick black setae throughout, spars- trites  II-V with grayish-white pubescence, dense, ob-
er from VIII. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of scuring integument laterally, not obscuring integument 
antennomere III: scape = 1.08; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 1.15; centrally.
V = 1.17; VI = 1.08; VII = 1.03; VIII = 0.98; IX = 0.95; X = 0.92; 
XI = 0.94. Dimensions in mm (holotype): Total length, 7.25; 
prothoracic length, 1.35; anterior prothoracic width, 1.55; 
Thorax: Prothorax transverse, 1.6 wider than long; posterior prothoracic width, 1.65; maximum prothoracic 
sides with distinct tubercle with acute apex on poste- width, 2.20; humeral width, 2.45; elytral length, 5.05.
rior third, gradually widened from anterolateral angles 
to lateral tubercle, then distinctly narrowed. Pronotum Type material: Holotype female from BRAZIL, Espírito 
convex, abundantly micropunctate; with transverse row Santo: Aracruz (Tupiniquim, 19°52′22″S 40°12′27″W), 
of coarse, deep punctures near posterior margin; with 14.VII.1991, João Bosco da Silva col. (# 10134), (MZSP, for-
dense pale yellow pubescence except seven longitudi- merly SSA).
nal bands with yellowish-brown pubescence, one lon-
gitudinal on each side, from near anterolateral angle to Etymology: The epithet refers to the (W-shaped) form of 
level of posterior area of lateral tubercle, one inverted elytral pubescence.
L-shaped on each side of central area, almost reaching 
posterior punctures, one longitudinal between lateral Remarks: Trichonius w‑notatus sp. nov. is similar to T. af‑
band and inverted L-shaped band, another transverse on finis Monné & Mermudes, 2008, and T. atlanticus Monné 
area of coarse punctures; with a few long, erect dark se- & Mermudes, 2008, but differs as follows: elytra with light 
tae on posterior sides. Sides of prothorax with abundant pubescence on sutural area of the basal third; all femora 
pale-yellow pubescence partially obscuring integument with long, thick and erect dark setae dorsally. In T. affinis 
(whiter depending on light intensity). Prosternum and and T. atlanticus, the elytra lack light pubescence on su-
prosternal process with grayish-white pubescence not tural area of the basal third, and femora lacking long dark 
obscuring integument, denser laterally; narrowest area setae dorsally.
of prosternal process 0.55 times width of procoxal cavi- Trichonius w‑notatus can be included in the alter-
ty. Mesoventrite with grayish-white pubescence not ob- native of couplet “1” from Monné & Mermudes (2008) 
scuring integument, denser laterally. Mesanepisternum (translated, modified):
and mesepimeron with yellowish pubescence partially 
obscuring integument, except grayish-white pubes- 1. All femora with long and erect setae..................................................1’
cence on mesanepisternum close to metaventrite. — Femora with long and erect setae only on metafemora or all femora 
Metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with dense lacking these setae ............................................................................. 2
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1’(1). Scape with long and erect setae; basal quarter of the elytra with wide Head: Frons (Fig. 3D) slightly transverse; finely, shallowly, 
and oblique dark macula, and with transverse dark macula about sparsely punctate; with pale-yellow pubescence nearly 
middle. Frenc4h Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará) ................................ obscuring integument, yellower on narrow lateral band 
 .....................................................T. griseus Monné & Mermudes, 2008 close to genae, and wide central area between eyes (this 
— Scape lacking long and erect setae; basal quarter of the elytra without area narrowed toward its inferior area); with narrow, longi-
wide and oblique dark macula, and posterior dark macula placed after tudinal glabrous band on each side, from about middle of 
middle. Brazil (Espírito Santo) .............................. T. w‑notatus sp. nov. eyes to clypeus, and glabrous median groove. Vertex and 
area behind upper eye lobes with dense yellow pubes-
cence, except glabrous median groove. Area behind low-
Onciderini Thomson, 1860 er eye lobes with dense yellow pubescence on wide area 
Pseudobeta casariae sp. nov. close to eyes, except oblique glabrous band about mid-
(Figs. 3A‑3E) dle, which reaches prothorax but does not reach eye; area 
close to prothorax, from oblique glabrous band to ven-
Description: Holotype male: Integument mostly dark tral surface, glabrous, finely, sparsely punctate superiorly, 
brown, nearly black on some areas; mouthparts and an- transversely striate inferiorly. Genae slightly shorter than 
teclypeus dark reddish-brown (Fig. 3E); basal ¾ of anten- lower eye lobe; with dense yellow pubescence, slightly 
nomere  III brown; about basal ¾ of antennomeres  IV-X paler toward clypeus, except glabrous apex. Postclypeus 
and of tarsomere V orangish-brown. finely, somewhat sparsely punctate centrally, smooth 
Figure 3. Pseudobeta casariae sp. nov.: (A) Dorsal habitus, holotype male; (B) Lateral habitus, holotype male; (C) Head, frontal view, holotype male; (D) Procoxae, 
holotype male.
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laterally; with pale yellow pubescence on wide central to pronotum. Prosternum with abundant yellow pubes-
area, with long, erect golden setae interspersed laterally, cence laterally, and almost glabrous centrally. Prosternal 
glabrous on smooth area. Labrum coplanar with antecly- process with dense yellow pubescence. Mesoventrite 
peus at posterior half, oblique, somewhat depressed at nearly glabrous, except yellowish-white pubescence 
anterior half; with pale-yellow pubescence on posterior close to mesocoxal cavities and apices. Mesoventral pro-
half, partially obscuring integument, and long, abundant cess with yellowish-white pubescence obscuring integu-
golden setae on anterior half, and short fringe of golden ment, except narrow, longitudinal central band partially 
setae on anterior margin. Antennal tubercles abruptly el- glabrous. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, metanepis-
evated, well-separated, with inner apex forming moder- ternum, and metaventrite with dense yellowish-white 
ately elevated horn with blunt apex; pubescence mostly pubescence, with patches of yellow pubescence on 
pale-yellow, yellower on some areas. Gulamentum trans- some areas. Scutellum with yellowish-white pubescence 
versely striate centrally, smooth on remaining surface; close to margins, and yellowish-brown pubescence cen-
glabrous except short, sparse pale-yellow pubescence on trally, except glabrous, transverse band on anterocentral 
intermaxillary process. Area of connection of eye lobes area. Elytra: Nearly parallel-sided on anterior ¾, uniform-
as wide as upper eye lobe. Distance between upper eye ly rounded on posterior quarter; humerus tumid, slight-
lobes 0.28 times length of scape (0.23 times distance be- ly projected forward and sideward, with small glabrous 
tween outer margins of eyes); in frontal view, distance tubercle at apex; coarsely, somewhat sparsely punctate 
between lower eye lobes 0.78 length of scape (0.67 times on basal quarter (punctures near base scabrous), near-
distance between outer margins of eyes). Antennae 2.3 ly absent on remaining surface; sides of basal quarter 
times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at basal third of with yellowish-brown pubescence, with whitish pubes-
antennomere VII. Scape gradually widened toward apex; cence interspersed (whitish pubescence more abundant 
wide central area coarsely, transversely rugose laterally toward central area); punctures on basal quarter with 
and ventrally; with yellowish-white pubescence obscur- minute yellow seta arising from each one; central area of 
ing integument, except brownish pubescent macula on anterior quarter with dense white pubescence; remain-
dorsal and lateral surfaces of posterior third (not reach- ing surface with dense white pubescence, with irreg-
ing apex) (outer apex nearly glabrous, probably due to ular patches of pale-yellow pubescence, except almost 
debridement). Pedicel and lighter area of antennomeres zig-zag, cross band of pale-yellow pubescence beyond 
with yellowish-white pubescence, gradually finer, less middle. Legs: Procoxae with distinct, uncinate projection 
conspicuous toward  XI; dark apical area of antennom- (Fig.  3E). Profemora wide basally, slightly widened to-
ere  III with yellowish-brown pubescence; dark area of ward apex; meso- and metafemora narrower basally, and 
antennomeres  IV-X with yellowish-brown pubescence slightly wider toward apex than profemora (especially 
not obscuring integument (appearing to be darker due metafemora); dorsally with dense yellowish pubescence 
to integument color), gradually sparser, less conspicu- (profemora with brownish pubescent patch near apex), 
ous toward X; antennomere III slightly sinuous. Antennal and remaining surface with dense yellowish-white pu-
formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere  III: bescence. Protibiae gradually widened toward apex; me-
scape = 0.81; pedicel = 0.16; IV = 0.82; V = 0.80; VI = 0.74; sotibiae somewhat abruptly widened dorsally from bas-
VII = 0.74; VIII = 0.69; IX = 0.69; X = 0.67; XI = 0.70. al third, with wide, distinct sulcus laterally from apex of 
anterior third to near apex (gradually shallower toward 
Thorax: Prothorax transverse and cylindrical, 1.45 wider apex); metatibiae gradually, strongly widened on ante-
than long; sides with somewhat small, rounded gibbosi- rior ⅔, slightly narrowed toward apex on posterior third, 
ty close to anterior constriction, and small protuberance with wide, distinct sulcus laterally from apex of anterior 
about middle (anterior margin abruptly expanded). third to near apex (gradually shallower toward apex, es-
Pronotum transversely tumid between anterior and pos- pecially inferiorly); protibiae with yellowish-white pubes-
terior fifths; tumid area with irregular, slightly elevated cence partially obscuring integument, with short yellow 
gibbosities laterally, and longitudinal gibbosity centrally setae interspersed, except dense, somewhat bristly yel-
(this gibbosity prolonged toward anterior margin, but low pubescence on posterior quarter of dorsal surface, 
less elevated than on tumid area); posterior area of tumid posterior third of ventral surface, and entire apex; meso-
area with oblique, slightly elevated carina on each side, tibiae with pale-yellow pubescence dorsally on anterior 
fused centrally; tumid area with yellow pubescence, with third, yellowish-white pubescence laterally and ventrally 
yellowish-white pubescence interspersed (posterior area on anterior third and almost entire ventral surface of pos-
with oblique carinae more yellowish-white centrally); terior ⅔, dense, bristly yellow pubescence on dorsal sur-
anterior and posterior fifths mostly with yellowish-white face of posterior ⅔ and apex of ventral surface, and short, 
pubescence, except narrow yellow pubescent band cen- decumbent, sparse yellow setae on sides of posterior ⅔; 
trally on anterior fifth; area between oblique carinae on metatibiae with yellowish-white pubescence on basal 
tumid area and posterior margin with coarse, sparse, gla- third (yellower dorsally), yellowish-white pubescence 
brous punctures. Sides of prothorax coarsely, transverse- ventrally to about middle, yellowish-white pubescence 
ly rugose, especially centrally; with yellowish-white pu- dorsally to posterior third, dense, somewhat bristly yel-
bescence, with yellow pubescence interspersed, except low pubescence dorsally on posterior third, ventrally on 
area close to anterior margin and part of area close to about posterior half and entire apex, and short, decum-
procoxae; with long, erect dark setae posteriorly close bent yellow setae on sides of posterior ⅔.
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Abdomen: Ventrites with dense grayish-white pubes- not distinctly widened centrally; antennomere III at most 
cence, except apex of ventrite V with yellowish pubes- as wide as posterior margin of the prothorax; frons trans-
cence; apex of ventrite V nearly truncate, slightly, widely verse. In P.  ferruginea, the dorsal pubescence is mostly 
emarginate centrally. orangish, sides of prothorax are distinctly widened cen-
trally, antennomere III wider than posterior margin of the 
Variation: Sides of basal quarter of elytra with yellow prothorax, and the frons is elongate.
pubescence much more abundant than in the holotype, 
without whitish pubescence interspersed, except a few 
white pubescent maculae near apex of this area; white Xenofreini Aurivillius, 1923 
pubescence of elytra with yellowish-brown patches of Xenofrea mariae sp. nov. 
pubescence interspersed. (Figs. 4A‑4D)
Dimensions in mm (holotype/paratype): Total length, Description: Holotype female: Integument mostly 
18.90/20.00; prothoracic length, 2.95/3.25; anterior dark brown; about apical third of maxillary palpomere IV 
prothoracic width, 4.10/4.50; posterior prothoracic and labial palpomere  III yellowish-brown; anterior 
width, 4.25/4.65; humeral width, 6.70/7.30; elytral length, area of anteclypeus and labrum reddish-brown; an-
13.70/14.25. tennomeres  III-IV reddish-brown on basal ⅔, brown 
on apical third; antennomeres  V-XI reddish-brown ba-
Type material: Holotype male from BRAZIL, Espírito sally, brown posteriorly (reddish-brown area gradually 
Santo: Linhares (RFCVRD, 2218) [= RNV], 01.XI.1988, José shorter toward  XI). Central area of prosternal process 
Simplício dos Santos col. (MZSP, formerly RNV). Paratype and mesoventral process mostly dark reddish-brown. 
male, same data as holotype except, #  2941, 20.X.1992 Coxae mostly dark reddish-brown; trochanters mostly 
(RNV). yellowish-brown; femoral peduncles mostly dark red-
dish-brown. Wide central area of abdominal ventrites I-IV 
Etymology: This species is name for Professor Sônia A. reddish-brown; base of central area of abdominal ven-
Casari (MZSP) for her support and contributions to the trite V dark reddish-brown; ventral surface of posterior 
study of Coleoptera. third of scape, and entire ventral surface of antennom-
eres with moderately long, erect, sparse yellowish setae 
Remarks: Pseudobeta Zajciw, 1972 (a synonym used as (setae gradually shorter toward XI).
a replacement name for Beta Dillon & Dillon, 1945) is a 
problematic genus because the generic limits are not Head: Frons finely, sparsely punctate; with mixed white 
clear, and its separation from Midamiella Monné, 2005 and pale-yellow pubescence, sparser centrally between 
(replacement name for Midamus Dillon & Dillon, 1945) is eyes. Vertex finely, abundantly punctate between anten-
questionable. nal tubercles and area just after posterior ocular margins, 
Dillon & Dillon (1945) separated Beta from Midamus densely micropunctate close to prothorax; with yellow 
in the alternative of couplet “29”: “Head with front trans- pubescence (more yellowish-brown depending on light 
verse,” leading to Beta; “Head with front subquadrate or intensity), slightly more abundant centrally between an-
elongate,” leading to Midamus. However, the difference tennal tubercles and upper eye lobes, distinctly sparser 
between transverse and subquadrate may be nonexis- on irregular areas, absent centrally close to prothorax, 
tent. In addition, according to Zajciw (1972) the frons is with short white setae interspersed. Area behind eyes 
subquadrate in Pseudobeta (the type species of Beta and densely micropunctate; with dense yellow pubescence 
Pseudobeta are synonyms). In fact, Dillon & Dillon (1945) close to eye, with short white setae interspersed; area be-
compared Beta with Midamus: “Somewhat related to hind upper eye lobes close to prothorax with a few short 
Midamus in the broad front, small eyes, short genae and white setae; area behind lower eye lobes with somewhat 
cylindrical pronotum; distinct in having the eyes broad- abundant pale-yellow pubescence, not obscuring integ-
er, more oblong; antennal tubercles more prominent; ument, with short white setae interspersed. Genae near-
pronotum transverse, sides not excavated, distinctly ly glabrous in frontocentral area, with white pubescence 
tuberculate, disk with two tubercles; elytra more taper- close to clypeus, with yellow pubescence with short 
ing, apices acute, base punctate, humeri more elevated; white setae interspersed toward posterior area; with a 
metatibiae subequal in length to metafemora.” These few long, erect brownish setae. Wide central area of post-
differences are at least partially incorrect. For example, clypeus with mixed white and pale-yellow pubescence 
the prothorax is transverse in the two species currently not obscuring integument (mostly white anteriorly), with 
placed in Midamiella, and according to Dillon & Dillon one long, erect dark seta on each side; sides glabrous. 
(1945), in the description of Midamus, the pronotum is Labrum with a few whitish setae close to anteclypeus, 
transverse. We believe that Pseudobeta is the best genus with long, erect dark setae interspersed, glabrous on re-
to include the new species, however, a comprehensive maining surface, except fringe of short golden setae on 
review of this genus and Midamiella is necessary. anterior margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.70 
Pseudobeta casariae sp. nov. is similar to P. ferruginea times length of scape (0.41 times distance between outer 
Galileo & Martins, 1990, but differs as follows: dorsal pu- margins of eyes); in frontal view, distance between lower 
bescence mostly yellow and white; sides of prothorax eye lobes equal to length of scape (0.59 times distance 
Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60: e20206052 Nascimento, F.E.L. et al.: Lamiinae from Espírito Santo
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between outer margins of eyes). Antennae 1.6 times el- ly distinct gibbosity on each side of anterior third; with 
ytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennom- mixed white and yellow pubescence not obscuring in-
ere VIII. Scape slightly widened on basal third, nearly par- tegument, slightly denser on some irregular areas. Sides 
allel-sided on posterior ⅔; with abundant mixed white of prothorax with sculpturing and pubescence as on 
and yellow decumbent setae not obscuring integument; pronotum (pubescence slightly denser close to pros-
pedicel with sparse white decumbent setae basally, and ternum); with long, erect dark seta near posterior mar-
sparse, slightly distinctly yellowish decumbent setae on gin. Prosternal process glabrous on centrobasal area, 
remaining surface; lighter area of antennomeres with with abundant white pubescence on remaining surface 
white pubescence, and slightly conspicuous yellowish (bristly toward its apex). Center of mesoventrite and 
pubescence not obscuring integument, with white setae mesoventral process with abundant white pubescence 
interspersed. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of partially obscuring integument; sides of mesoventrite 
antennomere III: scape = 0.77; pedicel = 0.17; IV = 1.04; with shorter, sparser mixed white and yellow pubes-
V = 0.69; VI = 0.57; VII = 0.54; VIII = 0.46; IX = 0.42; X = 0.38; cence. Mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with abun-
XI = 0.42. dant mixed white and yellow pubescence, partially 
obscuring integument. Metanepisternum with sparse 
Thorax: Prothorax 1.5 wider than long; anterolateral an- mixed white and yellow pubescence. Sides of metaven-
gles rounded, projected; sides distinctly divergent from trite and area near metacoxal cavities with yellow pubes-
anterolateral angle to small, blunt central tubercle, then cence and white pubescence interspersed, yellow pu-
distinctly convergent toward posterolateral angle; with bescence slightly sparser close to metaventrite; remain-
small setose tubercle behind central tubercle. Pronotum ing surface with abundant white pubescence partially 
somewhat coarsely, abundantly punctate; with slight- obscuring integument. Scutellum with sparse yellow pu-
Figure 4. Xenofrea mariae sp. nov., holotype female: (A) Dorsal habitus; (B) Ventral habitus; (C) Lateral habitus (D) Head, frontal view.
Nascimento, F.E.L. et al.: Lamiinae from Espírito Santo Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2020; v.60: e20206052
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bescence, with white pubescence interspersed. Elytra: CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Obliquely, widely, slightly sulcate dorsally near apex of 
anterior third (more distinctly in side view), convex from Authors declare there is not conflict of interest.
this point toward apex; coarsely, abundantly punctate on 
anterior half, punctures slightly finer, gradually sparser 
toward apex, especially dorsally; apices together round- AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTIONS
ed; with wide, oblique, partially fragmented pubescent 
band, from about anterior third to middle, not reaching The four first authors contributed equally; the fifth 
suture or epipleural margin, pubescence mostly white author contributed by compiling the specimen data and 
centrally, yellower laterally, partially pale-yellow on gathering material from different institutions.
some areas; area between base and oblique band with 
sparse yellow pubescence with short white setae inter-
spersed; sides between oblique band and posterior sev- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
enth with yellow pubescence forming irregular patches 
(pubescence sparser toward epipleural margin); area We express our sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Marcelo 
along sutural margin, between oblique band and apex Teixeira Tavares, curator of the UFES entomological 
with yellowish-white pubescence, denser on apex (this collection; José Simplício dos Santos, former curator 
pubescence involves the entire apex). Legs: Femora of the RNV collection; the SSA team for the availability 
pedunculate-clavate, with dorsal area of club strongly, of Cerambycidae specimens for identification; Dr. Prof. 
somewhat abruptly elevated; with mixed white and yel- Paulo Sérgio Fiuza Ferreira, from the Federal University 
low pubescence dorsally and on sides of apex of club, of Viçosa, for his collaboration and technical support in 
sparser, finer, white on remaining surface. Tibiae with conducting research on the entomofauna in the state 
white pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser of Espírito Santo; to the Confederação da Agricultura e 
toward apex, except posterior ⅔ of ventral surface with Pecuária do Brasil (CNA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa 
yellowish-brown pubescence. Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), and Instituto Capixaba de 
Pesquisa Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (INCAPER) 
Abdomen: Ventrites with white pubescence not obscur- for the financial support to the Biomes of Brazil/Atlantic 
ing integument, denser on abdominal process, partially Forest Biome Project (Subproject MA  25). We are very 
yellow laterally (more distinctly on ventrite I); ventrite V grateful to our friend Mr. Larry Bezark, for the correc-
longitudinally sulcate centrally on basal third, posterior tions in the manuscript draft. The first author is grate-
margin slightly concave. ful for the grant 2017/15283-9, São Paulo Research 
Foundation (FAPESP). The third author thanks the 
Dimensions in mm: Total length, 6.20; prothoracic “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São 
length, 1.35; anterior prothoracic width, 1.85; posterior Paulo” (FAPESP) for a postdoctoral fellowship (process 
prothoracic width, 1.70; maximum prothoracic width, number 2017/17898-0).
2.10; humeral width, 2.60; elytral length, 4.50.
Type material: Holotype female from BRAZIL, Espírito REFERENCES
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