? &&? 2>TC p 772DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND RELATEDAGENCIES APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1974 HEARINGSBEFORE ASUBCOMMITTEE OF THECOMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONSHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVESNINETY-THIRD CONGRESSFIRST SESSIONSUBCOMMITTEE ON DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ANDRELATED AGENCIESJULIA BUTLER HANSEN, Washington, ChairmanSIDNEY R. YATES, Illinois JOSEPH M. McDADE, PennsylvaniaK. GUNN McKAY, Utah WENDELL WYATT, OregonCLARENCE D. LONG, Maryland VICTOR V. VEYSEY, CaliforniaFRANK E. EVANS, ColoradoJ. David Willson and Byron S. Nielson, Staff AssistantsPART 2Bureau of Sport Fisheries and WildlifeBureau of Outdoor RecreationLand and Water Conservation FundNational Park ServiceV/^mithsonian Institution r 772BUDGET PRESENTATIONMrs. Hansen. Mr. Secretary and Mr. Smith, I want to complimentyou on an excellent presentation. I can't compliment you on all the de-tails of the budget, but I recognize that you have other difficulties. Wehave enjoyed your charts and we particularly enjoyed the sketches.Mr. Reed. Thank you, Madam Chairman. Thursday, March 15, 1973.SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONWITNESSESS. DILLON RIPLEY, SECRETARYROBERT A. BROOKS, ASSISTANT SECRETARYCHARLES BLITZER, ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HISTORY ANDARTDAVID CHALLINOR, ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR SCIENCEJULIAN T. EUELL, ACTING ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR PUBLICSERVICEPAUL N. PERROT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR MUSEUM PROGRAMSRICHARD L. AULT, DIRECTOR OF SUPPORT ACTIVITIESJOHN F. JAMESON, DIRECTOR OF PROGRAMING AND BUDGETMICHAEL COLLINS, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMTHEODORE H. REED, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARKDAVID F. HERSEY, PRESIDENT, SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMA-TION EXCHANGE, INC.JAMES BRADLEY, RESEARCH ASSOCIATEINTRODUCTION OF WITNESSESMrs. Hansen. This morning we have the Smithsonian Institutionand our principal witness is S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of theSmithsonian.Would you introduce the members of your statf to the committeeat this time, Mr. Ripley ?Mr. Ripley. Thank you, Madam Chairman.I have with me Mr. Brooks, the Assistant Secretary ;Mr. Blitzer, Assistant Secretary for History and Art;Mr. Euell, Acting Assistant Secretary for Public Service; andMr. Jameson, our budget officer, all in the front row here.I also have a group of potential witnesses: Dr. Reed, of our Zoo;Dr. Challinor. Assistant Secretary for Science; Mr. Collins, Directorof the Air and Space Museum; and Mi-. Wheeler. Treasurer of theInstitution.We will have other witnesses.Mrs. Hansen. Where, is Mr. Bradley ?Mr. Ripley. Mr. Bradley and possible other witnesses are waiting inthe wings, as it were, in case we can have their testimony later. 773GENERAL STATEMENTMrs. Hansen. I am sure you have a general statement. Please insertit in the record and summarize it for us.Mr. Ripley. I would be pleased to do so.[The statement follows :] 774STATEMENT OF S. DILLON RIPLEY, SECRETARYSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONON APPROPRIATIONS REQUESTED FOR FISCAL YEAR 1974 Chairman and Members of the Committee:We are grateful for this opportunity to present the SmithsonianInstitution's program plans for the budget year 1974 and to reviewwith your Committee our accomplishments and current activities.Founded in 1846, our Institution is an independent establishmentdevoted to basic research, documentation, public education, and careof the national collections in the arts, sciences, and history.Centered on the Mall in Washington, D.C., it also operates majorfacilities and activities elsewhere in Washington, across the country,and overseas. One of the world's leading study centers, the Smith-sonian is also the world's largest museum complex, attracting, withthe National Zoological Park, some twenty million visits yearly aswell as additional millions who view traveling exhibits. We have inour collections more than 70 million objects and natural historyspecimens, only a few percent of which are on public display. Therest are available for scholarly research by our own staff and manyhundreds of visiting students, scientists, and historians. Inaddition, important research, not associated with collections, isperformed in the fields of astrophysics, biology, and the environ-mental sciences. These public services have been made possible byyour committee's continuing strong interest and support. We aremost appreciative. Notable Events of the Past YearOur many contributions and accomplishments will be describedin the course of our testimony today. In addition, a full statementof our program and financial operations appears in our annual reportfor FY 1972 Smithsonian Year , copies of which have been provided tothe Congress. At this point, I would like to mention only a fewrecent events which illustrate the scope of our work and publicinvolvement with the resources provided from public and privatesources. ?Visitor attendance in FY 1972 to our buildings on and nearthe Mall was over 15 million, an increase of about 1,200,000 visitsover the previous year. An additional 4-5 million visits were atthe Zoo and some 50,000 persons came to the Anacostia Museum. Itis estimated that approximately 75 percent of our visitors come fromoutside Washington, D.C. and the Metropolitan area. About 4 millionpersons viewed traveling exhibitions and many hundreds of studentand professional visitors came to our astrophysical and biologicalresearch centers in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Panama respectively. 775 --In the research area, we completed a monumental study of theGlass Mountain, Texas, fossil fauna, the largest and most completefossil fauna in the world. We also produced the first star catalogof ultraviolet stellar magnitudes. This data was derived from theCelescope Experiment built by our Astrophysical Observatory andflown on NASA's Orbiting Astronomical Observatory II. --Many significant new exhibitions have been presented to thepublic this past year. In the National Museum of History and Tech-nology, the permanent Halls of Money and Medals, Graphic Arts andPrinting, Stamps and the Mail, News Reporting (funded by a privatedonation), Photography, and the Special Exhibits Gallery now occupythe area heavily damaged by fire in September 1970. This Museumalso opened a pertinent and timely exhibition on American Productivity.At the National Portrait Gallery, the temporary exhibitions "Portraitsof the American Stage 1771-1971" and "If Elected - Unsuccessful Can-didates for the Presidency 1796-1968" received critical acclaim.Among the many outstanding exhibitions produced by the NationalCollection of Fine Arts were "The Religious Impulse in American Art,1770-1900," "The National Parks and the American Landscape," and,at the Renwick, "Objects for Preparing Food." In the Arts and In-dustries Building, the Institution opened a major exhibit to educatethe public in understanding drugs in our culture. Also in thisbuilding, the National Air and Space Museum presented new andexciting exhibits on Ballooning and a World War I fighter aircraftbase. And I hardly need say how tremendously popular the Pandashave been at the Zoo. --Important milestones for Smithsonian installations in theCapital were the final National Capital Planning Commission approvalsof the Master Plan for the Zoo's redevelopment and of the design ofthe National Air and Space Museum building. I am pleased to reportthat work on this Museum is presently on schedule and below budgetestimates. --And, finally, I would like to mention the tremendous successof the Smithsonian Magazine. Subscriptions are projected at 400,000for June 30, 1973, as compared with 308,000 a year ago. This is aremarkable performance for this three-year old, privately-fundedventure. We are actively exploring additional ways, includingtelevision, to fulfill the Institution's educational potential.Budget Requests for FY 1974 I would like now to summarize and highlight our budget requestsfor FY 1974. In total we are requesting appropriations of $99,173,000,presented in several appropriation accounts: 776(In thousands of dollars) Salaries and ExpensesScience Information ExchangeSpecial Foreign Currency ProgramConstruction and Planning FY 1973Appropriations$51,6331,6003,50018,689$75,422 Requested FY 1974Increase Estimate$ 4,805655,50013,381$23,751 $56,4381,6659,00032,070$99,173This is a substantial budget request. Looking at each account,I would like to explain why these funds are relevant to nationalneeds and important for FY 1974.Salaries and ExpensesWe are seeking an operating budget of $56,438,000 for some 45museums, art galleries, research laboratories, special programs, andsupporting activities as detailed in our budget submission. This isan increase of $4,805,000, or about nine percent on the FY 1973 baseof $51,633,000. Of this increased amount, $750,000 is to meet theanticipated costs of legislated periodic step increases and Wage payraises for currently authorized levels of employment. The balance,a net amount of $4,055,000, is for program improvement and developmentto meet the following Smithsonian objectives.Meeting Mandatory CommitmentsAn amount of $2,308,000 and 91 new jobs are essential in orderto carry forward those important projects to which we are committedby Congressional authorization or direction. These commitmentsinclude the National Air and Space Museum, the American RevolutionBicentennial, and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.A major funding increase is required by the National Air andSpace Museum to meet the Institution's commitment to open the newMuseum on the Mall on July 4, 1976. In order to do this, it isimperative that research be undertaken and completed, collectionsdocumented and restored, and exhibits planned, designed, constructed,tested, and stored for later installation while the building isunder construction. An amount of $765,000 and 20 new positions arerequired for this effort.With regard to the Bicentennial , we will contribute to commemorativeactivity across the Nation. We will also be a focal point for theWashington, D.C. celebration. We must be ready to meet official and 777public expectations of our performance. An increase of $1,000,000for a total program effort of $1,754,000 is needed to continue thepreparation of exhibits, scholarly projects, and national outreachactivities which we have begun.We anticipate opening the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gardenin the Spring of 1974. Additional museum staff, as well as buildingmaintenance, custodial, and protection personnel will be essential tomeet this target date and to assure that the Museum can serve thepublic effectively after opening. An additional $150,000 and 14 newpositions are requested for the Museum's operations. The protection,maintenance, and custodial functions will require a further 57positions and $393,000.Meeting these needs has our top priority.Correction of Operational Support DeficienciesWe are seeking an additional $1,202,000 and 88 new positions for alimited extension of a phased program we have discussed with you before.This is the correction of certain deficiencies in the stewardship ofthe national collections, in the maintenance and protection of existingbuildings and facilities, and in the support of research. These fundsby no means will solve the full range of operational support problemswe have identified. They will help in certain critical areas.The research effort throughout the Smithsonian in science, history,and art is the very important basic work from which come publications,exhibitions, and education programs of great relevance and practicalapplicability to the information needs of government agencies, col-leges, universities, and others. With your support in previous budgets,we have begun to correct serious shortages of technicians, researchassistants, and funds for laboratory operations and field studies.This continues to be an important internal commitment. The FY 1974budget contains a request for $360,000 and 13 new jobs for the NationalMuseum of Natural History, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies, and the Centerfor the Study of Man.The documentation and care of the collections is a nationalresponsibility that has received too little attention for too long.We need additional funds for such activities as the establishment inthe National Museum of History and Technology of a collection inven-tory and management system that will tell us what we have and whereit is for research purposes and to answer public inquiries. Wemust conserve objects in the collections to avoid deterioration andloss. We need to locate, document, and protect valuable archivalmaterials for public reference. And we must augment with libraryreference resources the data associated with collections and research.An additional amount of $330,000 and 13 new positions are requestedfor these needs. 778And, finally, increased funding of $512,000 and 62 new jobsare urgently required to maintain, operate, and protect buildings.Heavy visitor use, rising prices, threats to public safety, and anessential need to give more adequate preventive maintenance andcustodial care to a valuable physical plant make this funding animportant requirement. We have separately identified the Officeof Protection Services in our budget request in recognition of itsvery important role in safeguarding our buildings, collections,and visitors.Response to a Growing PublicA further $776,000 and 27 additional positions are requestedfor our general exhibition, education, and outreach programs . Theseare the programs of greatest impact on the rapidly rising numbersof visitors to our museums, art galleries, and zoo, and to the museumpublic across the nation. We must not fall too far behind in attempt-ing to meet these growing demands. This request includes such diversebut kindred activities as the care and exhibition of the animalcollections at the National Zoological Park and the public programat the Renwick Gallery, which since opening about a year ago hashad well over 200,000 visitors. It also includes our school tourand education program in our museums and galleries and the preparationof new exhibits and the maintenance and upgrading of older, wornexhibits for the pleasure and education of visitors.The proposed budget also provides additional funding for suchimportant outreach and national service activities as the AnacostiaNeighborhood Museum, especially its exhibits training and productionlaboratory for inner-city minority group people; the Folklife Fes-tival on the Mall which annually attracts over a half million persons;the Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service; the National MuseumAct; and the research report and exhibits catalog publication programof the Smithsonian Press. Much of this effort is of direct benefitto those persons who cannot or do not visit our major museums orother buildings in Washington.Program Administration and DirectionIn the final category under "Salaries and Expenses," we arerequesting an increase of $299,000 and 16 positions for generalprogram administration and direction to help manage and support alarge and complex organization. These resources will be used foradministration at the Institutional level, postage indicia costsand financial management, career training and employee development,internal audit, equal opportunity programs, mathematical analysis insupport of research, procurement services, management analysis, andprinting duplication services. 779Science Information ExchangeThe budget request for FY 1974 for the Science InformationExchange is $1,665,000, an increase of only $65,000 over the FY 1972and 1973 levels, for this national information system on research inprogress. This proposed budget will only cover the costs of the staffcurrently supported by Federal funds and the Federal portion of anti-cipated increases in primarily fixed operating expenses, such as buildingspace and computer equipment rental. Our budget submission outlines anumber of actions which the Smithsonian and the Exchange have taken tohelp correct the problems noted in the August 1972 General AccountingOffice report regarding the completeness and timeliness of the Exchange'sdata base. As a result of our collective efforts, we expect an increasein project information input by those Federal agencies and otherssupporting research. Use of the Exchange is also growing as demonstratedby a steady rise in user charge income.Special Foreign Currency ProgramThe requested budget increase for FY 1974 for the Special ForeignCurrency Program is $5,500,000 for a total funding level of $9,000,000in excess foreign currencies. The basic program provides grants toAmerican institutions of higher learning for overseas archeologicalwork, systematic and environmental biological research, astrophysicaland earth sciences studies, and museum programs. It has benefitted morethan 200 museums, universities, and research institutes in 32 states.The budget request would allow us to meet the demand reflectedby the constant flow of new and meritorious research proposals andto respond to the high priority assigned by both the United Statesand by excess currency host countries to research which includes aphase devoted to applying the results of the basic studies as, forinstance, the application of ecological data to the development ofsound pollution control programs. Important new collaborative researchopportunities have opened up, especially in India, Pakistan, Burma, andPoland.The FY 1974 funding level would also be used to complete withone final payment of $4,000,000 equivalent in "excess" Egyptian poundsthe United States' contribution to UNESCO's international campaign topreserve archeological monuments in Nubia. These are threatened bythe waters of the Nile River as regulated by the Aswan Dam. Thispayment will support the preservation work proposed by Public Law86-472 and supported by President John F. Kennedy in his letter tothe Congress dated April 6, 1961. 780Planning, Construction, Restoration, and Renovationof Buildings and FacilitiesOur budget request for the planning, construction, restoration,and renovation of buildings and facilities totals $32,070,000. Thisrequest is distributed among three appropriation accounts.Planning, construction, and repairsat the National Zoological Park $ 3,850,000Restoration and renovation of otherbuildings and facilities $ 1,220,000Construction of the National Air andSpace Museum (liquidation ofcontract authority) $27,000,000The request of $3,850,000 for Zoo construction and improvementsis designed to begin to implement the approved Master Plan with thegoal of producing animal exhibits, visitor services and staff supportfacilities that are fully in keeping with the National nature of thisZoo. Of the budget request, an amount of $3,000,000 will be used fora major, natural environment- like exhibit for lions and tigers, thusreplacing the present Lion House constructed in 1890 which is adangerous fire hazard as well as an unsatisfactory exhibit. Planningfunds in the amount of $275,000 are in the FY 1973 appropriation.An amount of $620,000 will be used for planning a terracedvisitor parking structure to also house the maintenance shops andstorage, commissary, and police operations. These funds will beused also to design a new primate exhibit, to design the exteriorand interior changes to the existing Elephant House, to design outdoorexhibits of waterfowl and other birds, and to design a new restaurantnear the Harvard Street entrance. yAnd, finally, an amount of $230,000 is required to continue theprogram of essential repairs and renovation of existing facilitiesto keep the Zoo open and available to the public during the MasterPlan development.An appropriation of $1,220,000 is sought for the restoration ,renovation, and improvements to other Smithsonian buildings andfacilities . These funds will be used to continue the road and powerimprovements, initiated with the FY 1973 appropriation, at theMt. Hopkins, Arizona, Observatory ($385,000); to increase the utilityof the Silver Hill, Maryland, storage and restoration facility($250,000); and to finish architectural plans and specificationsfor construction of additional library space in the National Museumof History and Technology ($100,000). 781 They will also be used in several Smithsonian buildings andfacilities to make improvements and repairs to prevent furtherdeterioration, ensure public safety, enhance appearance, and facili-tate the program operations of the research organizations, museums,galleries, and other organizations using these spaces ($410,000).And, finally, they will be used to undertake the study and developmentof a master plan for Smithsonian facilities in the Washington, D.C.area ($75,000).The last item under this general construction heading is for$27,000,000 to liquidate the National Air and Space Museum constructioncontract authority provided by the Congress in the FY 1973 budget inaddition to the $13,000,000 appropriation in that budget. This completes my summary presentation of the Institution'sbudget request for next year. For over 125 years we have providedthe American people with greater knowledge and appreciation of theirnatural and social environment and their cultural and technologicalachievements and heritage. With your support, we will continue andimprove our efforts. 782GENERAL STATEMENTMr. Ripley. Thank you very much.It is a pleasure to be here again, as always. We depend very stronglyon the committee's support in our work. All of you, I know, are awareof our activities and annual events because we have submitted'our 1972annual report to the committee.Our visitor attendance I think, is particularly interesting. I drewattention to it in my statement at the beginning of the annual reportthis year. I have been much concerned, as I am sure members of thiscommittee have been, with the weight of the public visitation on Wash-ington, D.C., from across the Nation and abroad. In my report, Iemphasized that the Smithsonian receives the brunt of this. I am surethat all members of the Congress with visitors flowing into their offices,are aware of the fact that so many of them wish to visit what is gen-erally known as the Smithsonian but which consists of this complexof buildings on and near the Mall and, of course, at the zoo.In the past year we had about 20 million visits, counting Smith-sonian buildings and the National Zoological Park.Mrs. Hansen. How does this compare with 1960 ?Mr. Ripley. Very considerably more. It is almost 100 percent morethan we had in 1960. NUMBER OF VISITATIONSMrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record the number of visitationsfrom the year 1965 through 1972.Mr. Ripley. Yes.[The information follows :]Visitations to the Smithsonian Institution, 1965-72 (includes the zoo andAnaoostia Neighborhood Museum)1965 17, 690, 013 1969 16, 329, 6301966 16,534,354 1970 18,666,4021967 18,300,186 1971 18,960,1081968 16, 398, 897 1972 21, 236, 123NATIONAL NATURE OF VISITORSMr. Ripley. Except for a falloff after the riots in 1968 when thevisitations went down significantly, there has been a dramatic climbsince the early 1960's. In this past* year, we have attempted to surveywhere our visitors come from. We have discovered that on the Mallfully 75 percent of our visits are from people out of the surroundingsof Washington and the city. This is an extraordinary number becauseit means that we are a national institution. We have broken downthese visits by regions and area of the States, and we find that, as onemight suspect, the considerable majority of these, about 62 percent,are from the Northeastern and Southern States. The numbers fromthe North Central States and the Far West are extraordinarily high,about 25 and 12 percent respectively. It means from any State of theUnion we may have now tens or hundreds of thousands of visitors.The visitations from the West particularly have been increasing stead-ily apparently. Now, at the Zoo, the national percentage of visitors maybe slightly different because of its location. We feel that about 50 per-cent of the Zoo's visitors come from outside the metropolitan area. 783NUMBERS OF SCHOOLCHILDRENMrs. Hansen. Also insert in the record what percent of your visita-tions are schoolchildren.Mr. Ripley. Yes.[The information follows :]NUMBERS OF SCHOOLCHILDRENThe Smithsonian has become more involved with tours for schoolchildren inrecent years. There were approximately 75,000 children on tours visiting themajor museums on the Mall last year. This number is augmented by an addi-tional 47,500 children on tours who visit the National Portrait Gallery, theNational Collection of Fine Arts which includes the Renwick Gallery, and theAnacostia Neighborhood Museum.The total figure of 122,500 does not include the many hundreds of thousandsof children who come from across the Nation.Probably half of our visitations are by schoolchildren.GUIDED TOURS AND OTHER VISITS BY CHILDRENMr. Ripley. We have a very good estimate of that. In fiscal 1972,almost 75,000 schoolchildren were given formal tours under our orga-nized school tour program which involves organizing a curriculum,making arrangements with the teachers, and so on. In addition, al-though we do not keep a separate count, it is clear that additionalhundreds of thousands of children come as visitors.Mrs. Hansen. Are most of these 75,000 children from Washington,D.C., or are they distributed in the same proportions as the rest ofyour visitors ?Mr. Ripley. The 75,000 with the guided tours are mostly from theWashington suburbs and inner city. The tours of children are fromall over. On any one day, the buses lined up on the Mall have licenseplates and school groups from Missouri, North Carolina, Arkansas,Texas, Oklahoma, Utah, California, and many other States rightthere parked in with the ones from Maryland and Virginia.POPULAR EXHIBITSMrs. Hansen. Which of your facilities receives the highest impactof visits ?Mr. Ripley. Quite clearly, the strongest interest has come in thegeneral area of American history. This is demonstrable by the fact thatthe building of the National Museum of History and Technology wasa breakthrough for the Institution. That building opened in January1964 and we had our first 5 million visits in 10 months. At that pointthere was a dramatic new plateau reached of visitations. It was inter-est in American history.Secondly, and coupled with that, I think, has been the enormous in-terest in air and space exploration, and the fascination of these spacevehicles, these old planes, new technologies, and so on. Then there isthe traditional and enormously popular interest in the big elephant,dinosaurs, whales, and the gems and so on, which represent natural his-tory. It is quite clearly demonstrable that the interest has been in his-tory. This visitation bears no comparison to any other museum ormuseumlike experience in this country. In aggregate, it can only be 93-397 O - 73 - 50 784 compared to the total visitation that the National Park Service is im-pacted with, to use a popular word.We have a denser impact right here in Washington than anywhereelse in the world. I estimate that 3 years from now, this visitation willincrease by another 50 percent. This is really what I find rather hairraising and frightening. Perhaps "hair raising" was a bad word forme, but it is to me a rather terrifying thought.SIGNIFICANT NEW EXHIBITSSome of the significant events have been touched on in our highlightstatement for the year. We have been able to recover from a disastrousfire in the Museum of History and Technology, and have opened a num-ber of new exhibits. These include, stamps and the mail, graphic artsand printing, and money and medals. They are tremendously inter-esting to the public, and these areas are always crowded. I never fan-cied that an exhibit on money would be so much fun. It is tremendousfun to look at. Extraordinarily interesting. The Hall of News Report-ing will open this spring.You know of our National Collection of Fine Arts and NationalPortrait Gallery in the old Patent Office Building. They have had somevery successful exhibitions. One, which was beautifully timed, occurredthis past year; it was called "If Elected." It was all about the Presi-dential campaigns between 1796 and 1968, and extraordinarily goodfun because you could go in and vote yourself. You could wear a hatfor one of your candidates. It was tremendously popular. It was quitea breakthrough for the Portrait Gallery which with the NationalCollection of Fine Arts, has suffered from the Metro building and thetraffic congestion in that area.LOCATIONS OF TRAVELING EXHIBITIONSMrs. Hansen. You mentioned that about 4 million persons viewedyour traveling exhibitions. In what areas have the exhibitions traveled ?Mr. Ripley. I would be glad to supply for the record, MadamChairman, if you are interested, a list of the museums, cultural centers,and other centers this reached in the past year.Mrs. Hansen. Please do.[The information follows :]Smithsonian Institutiontraveling exhibition 8eeviceThe following is a partial listing of the museums, cultural centers, and othercenters who have received a traveling exhibit sponsored by the SmithsonianTraveling Exhibition Service during the past year.Alabama : Mobile, Mobile Art Gallery.Montgomery, Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts.Alaska : Anchorage, Anchorage Historical and Fine Arts Museum.Arizona : Flagstaff, Museum of Northern Arizona.Phoenix, Temple Beth Israel.Tempe, Arizona State University.Tucson, University of Arizoii". 785Arkansas : Little Rock, Arkansas Center.Pine Bluff, Southeast Arkansas Arts and Science.California : Berkeley, University Art Museum.Concord, Concord Center for the Arts.Costa Mesa, Orange Coast College.Hayward, Chabot College.Los Angeles, California Museum of Science and Technology.Palm Springs, Palm Springs Desert Museum.Riverside, University of California Gallery.Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.San Diego, San Diego Historical Society.San Francisco, M. H. De Young Museum.San Jose, Civic Art Gallery of San Jose.San Marcos, Dwight Boehm Gallery, Palomar College.Stanford, Art Gallery and Museum, Stanford University.Torrance, City of Torrance Library.Walnut Creek, Beacon Savings & Loan Association.Colorado : Alamosa, Adams State College.Colorado Springs, the Taylor Museum, Colorado Fine Arts Center.Denver, State Historical Society of Colorado.Fort Collins, Colorado State University.Greeley, Municipal Museum.Connecticut : Greenwich, the Bruce Museum.Middletown, Davison Art Center, Wesleyan University.New Haven, Southern Connecticut State College.Stamford, Stamford Museum and Nature Center.Storrs, Jorgensen Auditorium, University of Connecticut.Delaware : Dover, Delaware State College.Newark, University of Delaware.District of Columbia : Washington, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.Washington, National Museum of History and Technology.Washington, George Washington University.Florida : Daytona Beach, Museum of Arts and Sciences.Deland, Deland Museum.Gainesville, University of Florida Art Gallery.Orlando, Central Florida Museum.Pensacola, Pensacola Art Center.Tallahassee, Florida State University.Georgia : Athens, University of Georgia.Carrollton, West Georgia College.Columbus, Columbus Museum of Arts and Crafts, Tnc.Macon, Macon Museum of Arts and Sciences.Idaho : Boise, Boise State College.Moscow, University of Idaho.Illinois : Chicago, Illinois Center.Decatur, Kirkland Fine Arts Center, Millikin University.Lake Forest, First Presbyterian Church.Macomb, Western Illinois University.Quincy, Quincy College.Urbana, University of Illinois Library.Indiana : Bloomington, Indiana University Art Museum.Evansville, the Evansville Museum of Arts and Science.Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne Art Institute.Muncie, Ball State University.Terre Haute, Indiana State University.Valparaiso, Sloan Galleries of American Painters, Valparaiso University. 786Iowa : Ames, Design Center, Iowa State University.Cedar Rapids, Kirkwood Community College.Des Moines, Iowa State Fair.Mason City, Charles H. MacNider Museum.Mount Vernon, Cornell College.Kansas : Kansas City, Kansas City Museum of History and Science.Lawrence, School of Architecture and Urban Design, University of Kansas.Pittsburg, Kansas State College.Topeka, Topeka Public Library.Wichita, Wichita Art Museum.Kentucky : Murray School of Fine Arts, Murray State University.Louisiana : Lake Charles, Art Associates of Lake Charles.New Orleans, Isaacs Delgado Museum of Art.Maine : Gorham, Art Gallery, University of Maine.Lewiston, Bates College Treat Gallery.MarylandChestertown, Washington College.College Park, University of Maryland.Frederick, Hood College.Leonardtown, Women's Club of the Mary's County.Rockville, Montgomery College.St. Mary's City, St. Mary's College.Massachusetts : Amherst, University of Massachusetts Art Gallery.Boston, Museum of Science.Brunswick, Bowdoin College Museum of Art.New Bedford, New Bedford Public Library.Worcester, George C. Gordon Library, Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Michigan : Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts.Flint, Flint Institute of Arts.,Kalamazoo, Genevieve and Donald Gilmore Art Center.iMuskegon, The Hackley Art Gallery.Sidney, Montcalm Community College.Ypsilanti, Eastern Michigan University.Minnesota : Bemidji, Bemidji State College.Jackson, State Historical Museum.Mankato, Lincoln Art Gallery, Mankato State College.'Minneapolis, The American Swedish Institute.Northfield, Carleton College.St. Cloud, St. Cloud State College.St. Paul, Northwestern National Bank of St. Paul.Mississippi : Jackson, State Historical Museum.'Senatobia, Northwest Mississippi Junior College.Missouri : Canton, Culber-Stockton College.Columbia, Stephen College.Jackson; State Historical Museum.Kansas City, Kansas City Museum of History and Science.St. Joseph, Albrecht Gallery. 'Springfield, Southwest Missouri State College.Warrensburg, Central Museum State College.Montana : Billings, Yellowstone County Fine Arts Center.Nebraska : Grand Island, Stuhr Museum of The Prairie Pioneer.Lincoln, University of Nebraska.Omaha, Joslyn Art Museum.Nevada : Las Vegas, Service League of Las Vegas.Reno, Nevada Art Gallery. 787New Hampshire:Concord, The Art Center in Hargate, St. Paul's School.Hanover, Hopkins Center Art Galleries.Manchester, Manchester Institute of Arts and Science.New London, Colby Junior College.New Jersey : Montclair, The Montclair Art Museum.New Brunswick, Rutgers University.Trenton, New Jersey State Museum.New Mexico : Portales, Eastern New Mexico University.New York : Albany, The Art Gallery, University of New York.Binghamton, Roberson Center for the Arts and Sciences.Brookfield, Madison County Agricultural Society.Buffalo, D'Youville College.Cazenovia, Cazenovia College.Clinton, Bristol Campus, Hamilton and Kirkland College.Corning, The Corning Museum of Glass.Elmira, Arnot Art Museum.Jamestown, James Predergast Library Association.Long Island, The Hecksher Museum.New York, American Bible Society.Rochester, Sibley Lindsay & Curr Co.Rome, Rome Art and Community Center.Schenectady, The Schenectady Museum.Yonkers, Hudson River Museum.North Carolina : Burlington, Technical Institute of Alamance.Louisburg, Louisburg College.Raleigh, Saint Augustine's College.Winston-Salem, Wake Forest University.North Dakota : Fargo, North Dakota State University.Ohio : Bowling Green.Bowling Green State University.Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum.Cleveland, Cleveland Institute of Art.Columbus, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts.Dayton, John F. Kennedy Memorial Union.Sandusky, Sandusky Area Cultural Center.Tiffin, Heidelberg College.Wilberforce, Wilberforce University.Oklahoma : Ardmore, Charles B. Goddard Center.Oklahoma, Oklahoma Science and Arts Foundation, Inc.Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Science and Arts Foundation, Inc.Oregon, Corvallis : Oregon State University.Portland, Portland Art Museum.Pennsylvania : Allentown, Allentown Art Museum.Carlisle, Dickinson College.Cheyney, Cheyney State College.Cresson, Mt. Aloysius Jr. College.Erie, Erie Public Museum and Planetarium.Gettysburg, Gettysburg College.Kutztown, Kutztown State College.Philadelphia, The Franklin Institute.Pittsburgh, Carnegie-Mellon University.PennsylvaniaPottstown, Hill School.Reading, Reading Public Museum.Scranton, Everhart Museum.Uniontown, Fayette Bank & Trust Co.University Park, Pennsylvania State University.Rhode Island : Westerly, Westerly Public Library. 788South Carolina :Charleston, Archives-Museum, the Citadel.Clemson, Rudolf Lee Gallery, Clemson University.Columbia, Columbia Museum of Art.Due West, Erskine College.South Dakota : Aberdeen, Northern State College.Brookings, South Dakota State University.Tennessee : Johnson City, Carroll Reece Museum.Chattanooga, George Thomas Hunter Gallery of Art.Knoxville, University of Tennessee.Memphis, Brooks Memorial Art Gallery.Nashville, Tennessee Fine Arts Center.Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Community Art Center.Texas : Austin, St. Edward's University.Dallas, Dallas Public Library.Ft. Worth, Amon Carter Museum of Western Art.Galveston, The Center on the Strand.Houston, Houston Museum of Natural Science.Lubbock, Texas Technical University.McAllen, McAllen International Museum.Midland, Museum of the Southeast.Orange, Orange Junior Museum.Texas : San Antonio, Citizens National Bank.Wichita Falls, Wichita Falls Museum and Art Center.Utah:Provo, B. F. Larsen Gallery.Salt Lake City, Utah Museum of Natural History.Vermont : Burlington, Robert Hull Fleming Museum.Manchester, Southern Vermont Art Center.Mankato, Southern Vermont Art Center.Poultney, Green Mountain College.Virginia : Blacksburg, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.BristoL Sullins College.Williamsburg, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Inc.Washington : Auburn, White River Valley Historical Society.Olympia, State Capitol Museum.Seattle, Pacific Science Center.Spokane, East Washington State Historical Society.Tacoma, Tacoma Art Museum.West Virginia : Athens, Concord College.Buckhannon, West Virginia Wesleyan College.Charleston, First Presbyterian Church.West Liberty, West Liberty State College.Wisconsin : Appleton, Arts Center, Laurence University.Green Bay, University of Wisconsin.La Crosse, Wisconsin State University.Milwaukee, University of Wisconsin.Ripon, Ripon College.Wyoming : Casper, Foundation for the Visual Arts.DEMAND FOR TRAVELING EXHIBITSMr. Ripley. This has been a very useful program and I know thatthe great problem is booking. We are swamped with requests.Mrs. Hansen. Give us a couple of examples. 789Mr. Ripley. We had a drug exhibit which we hope will travel. Suchan exhibit is sought by more cit ies than we can possibly service. I thinkwe can give you some documentation on that. It generated well over 100inquiries. As you know, last year in the Arts and Industries Buildingwe opened an exhibit on the historical background of drugs. This wasquite a significant venture for us into that mixture of anthropology,as it were, history, and medicine. The exhibit covered the danger ofoveruse of intoxicants and narcotics of current social concern. It had areal impact and it would be terribly popular as a traveling exhibit ifwe can mount it in several lightweight versions. We can give you otherexamples.Mrs. Hansen. Please do.Mr. Ripley. Two additional examples of shows which are now cir-culating are "American Pieced Quilts" and "Cast Iron Toys," both ofwhich have generated two to three times the demand that we can meet.We have two important milestones to record. We are phasing in the ex-hibits already for the new Air and Space Museum by putting on someof them in relatively finished form in the old Arts and IndustriesBuilding. We can then move the exhibit right into the new building.We have two of these exhibits this year. One was on ballooning andanother one was on World War I fighter aircraft, including the oldGerman plane successfully retrieved from World War I.Finally, the Capital Planning Commission has approved a masterplan for the zoo at least. We are back onto the track that we establisheda number of years ago to try to upgrade and care for our animals whichare so popular. SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINEI might say in this connection that another milestone for us has beenon our private side. This is the great success of the associates programas epitomized by the magazine Smithsonian which has a nationalcirculation of 400,000 members. It has been a tremendously satisfyingexperience.Mrs. Hansen. Is the magazine self-sustaining ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, it is now self-sustaining. In 3 years, this is quite arecord.Mrs. Hansen. It is a very beautiful magazine.Mr. Ripley. We are proud of it and we feel it has extended the reachof the Smithsonian into homes across the Nation.HIGHLIGHTS OF BUDGET REQUESTIf I can mention highlights of our budget request, Madam Chair-man, I would like to do so. We have what seems like a significant jumpin our budget.Mrs. Hansen. We will get into the details as we proceed.Mr. Ripley. I should point out that we have trimmed back half amillion dollars worth of ongoing activities in environmental sciencesand major exhibitions in this connection.We have also shown no program fund increases in one-third of ouroperating line items for 1974. The main item in our budget whichmakes it seem so staggering this year is the fulfillment of the contractauthority for $27 million for the construction of the Air and SpaceMuseum. This is the principal item. 790There is also a large increase budgeted for our special foreign cur-rency program, including a one-time donation to the UNESCO planto try and restore the Philae temples above the Aswan Dam.The budget request for salaries and expenses is about a 9 percentincrease, $4,800,000 over our 1973 base of $51,633,000. Of this increase,about one-sixth, or $750,000, is to meet anticipated costs of periodicstep increases and wage pay raises required by law.The balance, $4,055,000, is for program improvement and develop-ment to meet essential Smithsonian objectives. A major portion ofthe proposed funding increase is concerned with the opening of twonew museums, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and theNational Air and Space Museum. It is also oriented toward the planswhich the Smithsonian has to implement for our Bicentennial ob-servances in the year 1976. I should point out, as I have before to thiscommittee, that the Bicentennial base funding will tail off after 1976and will gradually drop out of our budget. We anticipated that, andin 1965, when I first spoke to this committee and received your en-dorsement for this program, I emphasized that I was not anticipatingbuilding in permanent base funding for our observance of the Bicen-tennial. PREPARATIONS FOR THE BICENTENNIALMrs. Hansen. However, Mr. Ripley, I do want to remind you thatafter 1776 there are many important historical events relating to thecompletion of the treaty, some of the events of the Revolution itself,and then the Federal Convention.Mr. Ripley. I entirely agree.Mrs. Hansen. These will be continuing subjects for nationwidediscussion as the Bicentennial impact is felt.Mr. Ripley. Yes, that is true. We hope to be able to observe thesesteppingstones along the way, but in the process gradually phaseout, as it were.Mrs. Hansen. 1776 was the beginning of a thought, and later therewas the beginning of a Nation.Mr. Ripley. You have expressed that very well. I quite agree.I can go into detail on our budget requests, and will in subsequentdiscussions, but I believe that they are essentially connected withthe three basic elements in our program : the opening of the HirshhornMuseum, the preparations for opening Air and Space Museum, and thepeaking and dephasing of the Bicentennial observance.As I have often pointed out, our buildings on the Mall which havethis big visitation are simply here. For one reason or another, everyonein this Nation has been raising everyone else's expectations about whatwas going to be happening 3 years from now.As I mentioned earlier, we started thinking about this in 1965, andreceived continuing endorsements from this committee in the 1966,1967, and 1968 budget cycles. We had to do something to accommodatethis wave of people who would be here, standing elbow to elbow,right across the Mall. We believe we have done, with your help, thebest we can in anticipating and thinking about what we would bepresenting to the public at that time. 791SUPPORT OF RESEARCH AND COLLECTIONS MANAGEMENTWe have, of course, the continual nagging problem of adequate sup-port of research on our collections, and for the correction of con-servation problems which get worse and worse as time goes on. To alarge extent, the effectiveness of our public exhibits results from ourresearch and the care we give our collections.Looking back over the history of the Smithsonian, I note that in thevery beginning of Federal support for the Institution, it was essential-ly as a service to the people. The largest overt service to the peopleis, of course, our exhibits, the fact that they exist and that peoplecome into the building to see them.Second to that is the backup. We have established a reputation fortelling the truth, and, as I like to think in the drug exhibition, fortelling it like it is.We cannot maintain a reputation for veracity unless we have cura-torial work going on on our exhibits and collections. It is with thatin mind that we continually try to remedy deficiencies in the area ofthe collections, their preservation, and publications on them.We have, in effect, a national set of reference collections; collec-tions of zoological materials, collections of historical materials. Wedo have, in that sense, a national obligation as well.PROTECTION OF VISITORS AND EXHIBITSMrs. Hansen. Dr. Ripley, since we have new members of the com-mittee this year, I think it would be well for you to review your ex-perience in the protection of your museum and exhibits. Also dis-cuss the type of preservation work that must go into your exhibits aswell as the research that is involved.Mr. Ripley. I would be very glad to do that.Mrs. Hansen. Please do.Mr. Ripley. The problems we have maintaining tremendous ex-hibit areas which are to be visited by 20 million people are manifold.The main problem is just allowing people to come in and out withoutfalling down and getting hurt, as it were. In the buildings, whichare greatly crowded during the day, we have a considerable problemof maintaining a guard force who are both alert to possible difficultiesand dangers of that sort, but who are also extraordinarily hospitable.They must say, "This is your house" when visitors come in. Theymust be prepared to smile and be friendly. During the times of theriots, for example, we had early morning drills, day after day. Insome drills I would go down and ask them to take me out as a pro-tester to see how they would treat me as a citizen and not, in effect,as their boss. Thus, we tried to emphasize that quality in behaviorwhich is not necessarily the ordinary training for an ordinary per-son?on the one hand being alert and strict and, on the other hand,being very pleasant and hospitable.During some of these episodes in Washington, we have put thesemen to the test, and we have found them to be wonderfully geared thisway. 792Our salary problems are great. We are in competition with otherinstitutions employing police or a guard force and it is very difficultsometimes to keep the men who are more keen, more ambitious to getmore salary.As we open new buildings, we have to try to train new people ofthis caliber.You see, for example, there is an increase in our employment andsalary requests this year as we phase into opening one new museumnext year and another one in 1976. If we came before the Congressat the last moment, all of these things would seem appalling. If wedid not somehow build in the training and requirements for the kindof excellence that we need for our guard system, we would not be ableeffectively to keep the buildings open.INCIDENTS OF VANDALISMIn another sense, we worry about vandalism. There were very fewepisodes of vandalism this past year, maybe 30 or so.Mrs. Hansen. How much has vandalism decreased ; percentagewise ?Mr. Ripley. I would have to supply this for the record in thatsense, Madam Chairman, but I can speak to it, at least. It has, I think,shown an improvement this past year.Mrs. Hansen. Do you attribute the decrease to the guard serviceor to the type of visitation?Mr. Ripley. We attribute it to the guard service and their training.We have regular training programs with these men. This is of greatimportance. Also, there is a direct corollary between the number ofpeople who are in an exhibit hall at one time and the danger of vandal-ism. If you have a magnificent gallery such as, let us say, the FreerGallery of Art, with only two visitors in one gallery at a time, anda guard on duty who is looking at two galleries at once, standing inthe door, if he turns away there is a good chance for vandalism there.Whereas in another museum next door, let us say, if you have 75 or200 or 300 people in a hall at the same time, the guard is quite assuredthat a more or less cursory examination around the room is enough,because people, in effect, buffer themselves and prevent themselvesfrom creating episodes of vandalism.All you need is for one vandal to make one stroke with heavy chalkor a knife or write something?I have shown the committee in thepast photographs of graffiti on precious objects?and you have 12 or 15months of repair work and damage sometimes amounting to a quarterof a million dollars. This is a very serious problem that requires alert-ness at all times. This is part of our problem of administering build-ings for public use.PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT COMMITTED TO PROTECTION AREAMr. McDade. What is the total employment at the museum ? Howmany people have you on board ? Then I want to know what percent-age you have to commit to the guard force, to security.Mr. Brooks. At present, Mr. McDade, our total employment onboard, full-time permanent employees, is 2,377 on the Federal rolls.We have approximately 1,000 on the private roll. 793Mr. McDade. How many, for example, are security people or secur-ity-related in th6 broad definition ? How many people must you committo that activity ?Mr. Brooks. We have on board as of the end of February, 313 full-time permanent employees in the Office of Protection Services, whichis mostly the guard force, but also comprises some other security andsafety personnel. That includes only those who are employed by theOffice of Protection Services.This number would have to be increased by the guard force atthe zoo, which is not included in the total. That would be 29individuals.Mr. McDade. Will we have a more difficult problem once the Hirsh-horn Gallery is operative, in terms of security, because of the natureof what you will have there ?Mr. Attlt. Certainly, there is bound to be a greater problem inattempting to protect the Sculpture Garden, which is essentially out-doors, although it will be well lighted and will have protective devices.It is a question of having the people there to watch it around theclock. There will be some added difficulty.Within the building itself, there won't be any problem^ -Mr. Ripley. Normally, in daytime I do not thjnk it will be badat all. ^..-.-?""'Mr. McDade. Thank you, MadamChairman.Mrs. Hansen. Please proceectf'Mr. Ripley.CURATION AND CONSERVATIONMr. Ripley. The backup to all this comes in the form of curationand conservation. We are finding that our objects suffer from wearand tear. I sometimes feel that people just walking through the cor-ridors and halls cause tiny, ephemeral pieces of painting to flake off.They almost flake off through constant changes of temperature andthe passage of air.This is probably imaginary on my part, but the general pressureof visitors does, of course, cause wear and tear on buildings andexhibits. As a related problem, huge cracks are developing in some ofthe exhibit halls in the Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries Buildingbecause of the Metro construction; we are getting fragile paintingsand drawings actually subjected to vibration and damage.Mr. McDade. There has been no improvement in that situation fromthe standpoint of the Smithsonian ?Mr. Ripley. No ; there has not, Mr. McDade. We are told that inabout 3 months we may have a chance of reopening the Lincoln Gal-lery in that building, but this has been going on for over a year nowin our Fine Arts Collection.We anticipated that we would have trouble, but not as bad as this.Mr. McDade. Is there any permanent structural damage to any ofthe buildings?Mr. Ripley. I do not think so, no ; but certainly the cracks are ratherfrightening to see. It looks like the fall of the House of Usher, with thecracks developing. It is extraordinary. They tell me it can be remedied. 794CARE OF DOCUMENTARY MATERIALSThe paper and the ancillary things that go into our exhibitions andrelated archival materials are constantly in need of checking and care.Our old documentary film, for example, photographs of AmericanIndians, constantly have to be checked over. We have hundreds ofthousands of photographic items that are becoming brittle and suf-fering from fraying. The envelopes in which they are contained andoften the associated reading material are becoming as illegible as thephotograph itself.Mr. Yates. How do you check that over ?Mr. Ripley. Piece by piece, just like that. We have volunteers doingthis with us. In the past year, I should mention we have had more than774 persons volunteer to help in all parts of the Smithsonian.Mr. Yates. How many pieces do you have to check ? You say thou-sands ? Have you any idea how many ?Mr. Ripley. In one job my wife is working on as a volunteer, morethan 30,000 negatives have been given to her and 3 or 4 other women.We say, "Here they are, and please start sorting and identifyingthem."Much of the film material itself has become very brittle, and it isextremely difficult to handle. As you all know from your home movieapparatus, movie film becomes very brittle. It has to be kept undercontrolled conditions and supervised.Mr. Yates. Where do you keep them ? I remember you had a mar-velous exhibit of Alfred Stieglitz photography some years ago. Wheredo you keep his photographs, for example ?Mr. Ripley. We have some temperature and humidity control fa-cilities both for film and other things like musical instruments. With-out these facilities that offer some protection, we would be absolutelyhelpless.Mr. Yates. Your facilities are adequate for the purpose?Mr. Ripley. Yes ; but we do not have enough room or enough peoplereally to restore. This is becoming a national emergency, to be able topreserve the things that we already have.I am very keen, and I know some Members of the Congress havebeen over the years, to develop a conservation facility which will bereally effective for all kinds of paper, wood, metals, and so on.REQUEST FOR APPRAISALSMrs. Hansen. I think there is another facet that should be high-lighted as part of your costs?the constant requests from all groups forappraisals.I met one of your employees at the folklore celebration in Wash-ington. He was working with the Ozette people on their excitingartifacts which are hundreds of years old and require some very spe-cial techniques.How many requests would you say you have per year for this type ofwork?Mr. Ripley. I would shudder to answer that. It would be a guess. Ithink we can supply an answer for the record. I suspect it is in theneighborhood of 250,000. There is just a crashing number of requestsfor information and documentation of objects of this sort. 795(The information follows:)Professional and Public Inquiries Directed to Smithsonian Bureaus andOfficesThe Institution continues to observe increases in the inquiries directed to itsoffices, museums, laboratories, and other bureaus from the general public andthe scientific community. Scientific visits to the Smithsonian, including allmuseums, galleries, and field stations, for scientific research and scholarly pur-poses (ranging from a few hours to many months) numbered about 12,000 infiscal year 1972. This represents an increase of approximately 10 percent overthe previous year. The volume of mail and telephone inquiries from the generalpublic and the scientific and professional communities is estimated at around264,000 in fiscal year 1972. Many of these were concerned with the identificationof objects owned by the public.One subject matter area might be cited as an example of the heavy publicdemand for information. In fiscal year 1972 the Division of Ceramics and Glassof the National Museum of History and Technology, with a staff of five persons,received 500 mail inquiries from the general public and 100 from members of theprofession ; met with 225 public visitors and 55 professional visitors ; and hadsome 3,000 telephone inquiries. This pattern repeats itself through the Insti-tution's museums, galleries, zoo, and research laboratories.Mrs. Hansen. As more objects come to light or are found, thenthere are increasing numbers of requests for verification and advice.Mr. Ripley. Yes. Some of the curators actually have a day whenthey stand up before the people and just attempt to give informationabout objects that are brought in. We do that in the Freer Gallery, theNational Collection of Fine Arts, and our other museums.These are not evaluations in terms of money, but valuations in termsof authenticity or background.Our conservation needs, then, are a firm backup of the basic needsof opening the museum and having people coming in and out of it.IMPORTANCE OF DOCUMENTATIONAn important related need is the preparation of publications, be-cause without guidebooks and all the ancillary research materialsthat are involved in the exhibits, we cannot satisfy public inquiries.I sometimes feel very much defeated and depressed by the difficulty ofanswering the expectations that all of us have helped to arouse in allof our children and the younger generation, most of whom seem to begetting sharper and smarter, as I have more to do with them. Some-time I sit behind a visitors' reception desk and try it for size and seewhat it is like. It is a very rewarding experience. I only wish I couldattract one or more Members of the Congress to come and try to beHarun al-Rashid with me and sit behind the visitors' desk andanswer questions.Some of them are as sharp as a tack, much to the point, and extra-ordinarily diverse and interesting as any questions or answers that Iam sure you will hear up here on the Hill.Mrs. Hansen. They are probably better.Mr. Ripley. Some of them are from visitors 10 years old or younger.It is really fascinating.Without our conservation and documentation backup, we cannotperform this kind of service for the people.I think that is all I have to say.Mrs. Hansen. Does this complete your general statement ? 796NATURE OF THE SMITHSONIANMr. Ripley. Yes, I am very happy to rest with that presentation.Mrs. Hansen. In the second paragraph of your statement, you statethat the Smithsonian is an independent establishment. What do youmean by this, specifically as it pertains to appropriations made by thiscommittee for the Smithsonian ?Mr. Kipley. The Smithsonian was founded by the Congress as anestablishment to administer the bequest of James Smithson. It is,in effect, the prototype of a public service foundation. Our Board ofRegents, established by the 1846 act, has a mixed membership ofMembers of the Congress, members of the Government, members ofthe judiciary, and private citizens.The implication was that the administration of the Institutionwould be by this Board through its paid hand, as it were, the execu-tive head called the Secretary ; and that this Board would act to carryout the will of the Congress in setting up the foundation and wouldproceed with funds garnered through various sources. Over the yearswe have quite clearly demonstrated?in fact, it is in the originalact?that we accept funds given to the Institution, and under theoriginal act deposit them in the Treasury for the benefit of theSmithsonian Institution quite separately. In subsequent years, decis-ions by the General Accounting Office and the Comptroller Gen-eral, have underscored, as it were, the concept that we are free togarnish and sequester these funds for our purposes.Then beginning in 1858, when my predecessor at the time requestedfunds for the administration of the buildings for public visitation,we began an annual appropriation from the Congress as a means ofkeeping the buildings available for the public of the United States.For many years this has been a direct appropriation. Since theearly years of this century, the appropriation came under the generalbudget submitted by the President to the Congress each year.The Smithsonian is, nevertheless, still operating under the orig-inal act in which the trust was accepted by the U.S. Government tobe administered by a Board of Regents.Mrs. Hansen. But you now have to have the approval of OMB.Mr. Ripley. That is right. Since the early years of this century, thebudget has been submitted through the executive branch.Mrs. Hansen. The budget is first approved f the 91 new positions for the new museums, the balance of131 are primarily in these support areas.Mrs. Hansen. What is your personnel ceiling?Mr. Brooks. For this year, the personnel ceiling is 2,544 employeesagainst the 2,699 permanent, full-time positions authorized by theCongress.Mrs. Hansen. What is your current employment ?Mr. Brooks. With respect to our on-board employees, as of the 28thof February we had 2,377. We estimate that by June 30 this year, ouron-board employment will be 2,464.PERSONNEL CHANGES RESULTING FROM ATTRITIONMrs. Hansen. What portion of your personnel changes are due toattrition ?Mr. Brooks. Would that be the personnel changes downward,Madam Chairman?Mrs. Hansen. Yes. The committee is trying to get a handle on whatis happening in early retirement. I strongly suspect that by the timeall of these early retirements are totaled, the Government will be nobetter off fiscally than it was before early retirements were encouraged.We are trying to find some answers. The built-in costs of the pensionfund are steadily escalating. So, Congress will be called upon to pro-vide substantial amounts of money eventually.If you have some adequate figures for the record, we would be veryglad to have them.Mr. Brooks. We will supply them.Mrs. Hansen. The committee is trying very hard to weigh thesituation. 804Mr. Brooks. I think I could answer you in general that forced retire-ment has not been a factor of any magnitude in the Smithsonian, vir-tually none of it.[The information follows:]RetirementsApproximately 300 employees leave the Smithsonian Institution every year.Of these, 14 percent leave because of voluntary retirement. No employees areforced to retire because of lack of funds or because the Smithsonian wishes tohold to its employment ceiling.REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTHORIZING LEGISLATIONMrs. Hansen. Are there any requests in your budget for whichauthorizing legislation has not been enacted ?Mr. Ripley. No.CONSTRUCTION OF THE HIRSHHORN MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. We have heard a great deal about the problems sur-rounding the construction of the Hirshhorn Museum. Would you pleasebring the committee up to date on the status of this ? What is the totalamount of contractor claims? When are these claims likely to besettled by GSA?Is your current May 1974 target opening date a realistic one ?Mr. Ripley. In regard to the difaculties between the contractor andthe GSA, we are keeping in touch with it, but have very little currentinformation. I cannot presently give you any information that we havereceived beyond the fact that we have heard that there is a sum atthe present time of approximately $900,000 which the contractor iscurrently claiming against the GSA.STATUS OF CONSTRUCTION CLAIMSMrs. Hansen. What does he base these claims on ?Mr. Ripley. He is basing it on claimed variances in the archi-tectural drawings, particularly in connection with the four majorarches which support the superstructure of the building. He claimsthat these were not sufficiently worked out in the detailed drawings.The architect claims they were.Mrs. Hansen. Who is the architect ?Mr. Ripley. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill is the firm. The specificarchitect is Mr. Gordon Bunshaft.This kind of claim and this kind of discussion, as far as I can see,is a technical welter of conflicting statements and testimony.Mrs. Hansen. But this is entirely between GSA and the contractor ?Mr. Ripley. It is entirely between them.Mrs. Hansen. It is not in your domain ?Mr. Ripley. No, it is not. They are, in effect, our agents for the pur-poses of handling the appropriated and private moneys given to them.Mrs. Hansen. Has GSA given you any date of expected settlement? 805FURTHER CLAIMSAir. Ripley. Not for the claims settlement, no. They anticipate thismay run on for 2 or 3 years or longer.Mrs. Hansen. Do you expect any further claims from the con-tractor ?Mr. Ripley. They anticipate the possibility that the contractor willcontinue to levy claims. This is an unfortunate custom of all contrac-tors today, especially, I understand, of contractors working withGovernment-funded operations.I suspect it happens in our own homes, too, when you try to get anew room put on the back of your house. It is a universal phenomenonat the present time.It is our understanding, Madam Chairman, in regard to the build-ing itself, that it is a matter of months before we will begin to derivebeneficial occupancy of part of it. The holdup on moving in entirelyis largely due to the finishing work on the interior. We believe wewill be in the building in large part by the end of 1973. We believethat we will be opening the museum, as we said, in 1974.The sliding scale of the occupancy is starting very soon. In otherwords, by this summer or early fall we will already be moving intopart of the building.Mrs. Hansen. Where do the contractors expect the money to comefrom to settle their claims ?Mr. Ripley. They expect it will come out of the Treasury or some-thing of that sort. They expect it will be paid to them.The cost escalations which they try to build in are very great, andthey sometimes get caught.Mrs. Hansen. Doesn't the contractor build into his bid the costof escalation ?Mr. Ripley. They certainly do put that in and account for it. I wishwe had Mr. Bradley here at the moment. He has been following thisvery carefully for us. He knows a great deal more about it than I do.Mrs. Hansen. Do you want to ask Mr. Bradley to come in ?Mr. Ripley. I would be happy to, if you don't mind.Mrs. Hansen. The committee is very interested in this matter.We are very happy to welcome Mr. Bradley.Mr. Veysey. I do not understand whether the basis of the disputerelates to escalating costs over this period of time, or a dispute as tothe adequacy of the design.Mr. Ripley. The present dispute has to do with drawings and detailswithin the design. We have intimations there may be further claims.Mrs. Hansen. The committee is very deeply concerned by the escala-tion of construction costs. The committee has been well aware and weassume the contractor has been perfectly well aware of the problemsthat were involved.Mr. Bradley, I asked Dr. Ripley what was the total amount of thecontractor claims. We have an answer of approximately $900,000. Isthat correct?Mr. Bradley. Madam Chairman, the amount that has been filed as aclaim approximates $900,000 or more.In addition, we have been in receipt of correspondence from the con-tractors and the subcontractors that there may be additional claimsthat might total, as claims, $4.6 million. 806BASIS FOR CONSTRUCTION CLAIMMrs. Hansen. What do these additional claims involve ?Mr. Bradley. The big two are : No. 1, the design and the adequacyof the drawings for the four flaring pedestals on which the buildingrests.Mrs. Hansen. Did not the contractor bid on this particular design ?Mr. Bradley. He did, indeed, but this is being adjudicated by theGSA Board of Contract Appeals as to whether the drawings and speci-fications were adequate.Mrs. Hansen. It seems to me it is up to the contractor to examine theadequacy of the design drawings in preparation for his bid.Mr. Bradley. I would quite agree with you.Mr. Ripley. It was our understanding that when this contract wasaccepted by the GSA, the contractor had done the very things that yousay, and we are operating, therefore, in good faith.CONTRACTOR FOR THE HIRSHHORNMr. Long. Who is the contractor ?Mr. Ripley. The Piracci firm in Baltimore. He was the low bidderof three. This was judged to be a correctly given contract, and hisfirm was capable of handling it.Mr. Piracci, Sr., who has had problems in Baltimore, withdrew allinterest from the firm for the duration of the contract.Mr. Long. What is this firm's record of filing for cost overruns ?Mr. Bradley. Sir, this firm had a good reputation with the GeneralServices Administration, who is administering this construction con-tract in its entirety. We carried our case for the museum to Congress.We got authorization and money. We then turned it over to the Gen-eral Services Administration. They took the bids. They reviewed thebidders. They found Piracci to be entirely acceptable.Mr. Long. I am just wondering why Government agencies keepgiving contracts to contractors who have a regular history of buyingin to get the contract, and then filing all these trashy claims, with theidea that they might hit the lottery somewhere.Why do you keep giving them contracts ? Why aren't they ruled out ?Mr. Bradley. Sir, in this particular case the General Services Ad-ministration advised the General Accounting Office that Piracci hada good record with GSA on other contracts.I understand that was the older Piracci, and he did withdraw fromthe firm for the duration of this particular contract.Mr. Long. But the damage has been done, and the Government isnow faced with a claim.Mr. Bradley. We are now faced with a claim.SMITHSONIAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CLAIMMr. Long. Is this claim based on the fact that the Smithsonianasked them to do things that were not in the original design of con-tract?Mr. Bradley. No. sir. The Smithsonian has not been the source orthe basis of the pending claim. 807 Mi's. Hansen. In other words, after you had decided on a designand it had been approved by the National Capital Planning Commis-sion it went to the GSA. When the contractor bid, he bid on theadequacy of that design.The GSA then let the contract. The Smithsonian was no longerinvolved ?Mr. Ripley. There has been only one change order of any substanceby the Smithsonian, and that is the withdrawal of the sculpture gardenplan from across the Mall and its placement in the area within thetrees. This represented a net cost reduction, we were told.Mrs. Hansen. I was going to say that represented a net costreduction.Mr. Long. What did he base his claim on?Mr. Bradley. The $1 million, in round figures, was based on whathe considered to be the inadequacy of the architectural drawing andthe specifications for the four big flaring, curvilinear pedestals onwhich the entire building rests, 14 feet above the sidewalk.CHANGE ORDER INVOLVING THE SCULPTURE GARDENThat is No. 1.The second request by the contractor for additional funds is on theorder of $1.5 million, relating to the switching or the displacementof the sculpture garden, which was a sunken garden originally plannedto go across three panels of the Mall. We suggested it be turned90?, and put in what we call the tree panel, which is the secondpanel adjacent to the museum building, in order to avoid transversingthe Mali.At the time that we requested that change, following some hearingson the Hill, it was our understanding, both from GSA and the archi-tect?not from Piracci ; we do not deal with him ; he deals with GSA ? that the same materials would be used and the garden would besomewhat smaller. It would still be handsome, and the money wouldbe sufficient in spite of inflation.We are told, not officially but unofficially, that that will be the basisfor a further claim in the amount of about $1.5 million.Then there are other claims that are less easily described, thatrepresent the difference between those two large claims and a grossamount that we have had letters of intent or some intimation, nothingformal, that might total a claim of $4.6 million.We are totally unable to give a guess as to what the allowanceagainst the claim of $4.6 million would be.Mrs. Hansen. No one could until the matter is adjudicated betweenGSA and the contractor ; is that not correct ?Mr. Bradley. Exactly.Mr. Ripley. These figures do not necessarily bear any relation tothe truth or to any resolution of the case.Mr. Long. Doesn't practically every building built for the Govern-ment have as its aftermath the filing of some kind of cost overrun by acontractor ?Mr. Bradley. In our experience?we better stay with that?weusually anticipate some claims. Usually, we allow a contingency of 5or 7 percent of the costs in the estimate presented to the Congress. 808 It is awfully hard to generalize. We have some claims still outstandingon the Museum of History and Technology, completed in 1964. Theyare being handled by the General Services Board of Contract Appealsand, eventually, by the Court of Claims, so this is no concern of ours.Mrs. Hansen. They are in court?Mr. Bradley. Yes ; or at least we anticipate they will end up in theCourt of Claims.Mrs. Hansen. The committee will recess until 1 p.m.Afternoon Sessionstatus of hirshhorn constructionMrs. Hansen. The committee will come to order.At the conclusion of this morning session, we were discussing theHirshhorn Museum. I have received a letter that refers to a GAOreport on the status of construction of the Hirshhorn Museum. At thetop of the letter to the Member of Congress to which it is addressed, itsays ? Restricted, not to be released outside of the GAO except on the basis of specificapproval by the Office of Legislative Liason, a record of which is kept by theDistribution Section, Publications Branch, O&N.Therefore, the committee cannot make this report a part of the record,which we would otherwise do. I may say that the committee alwaysseeks to avoid assisting any contractor to win a court case. This is notthe place to try a lawsuit. We are responsible for Government funding.But I can ask you these questions : "The contract for construction to the construction company was onFebruary 12, 1970." Is that correct?Mr. Bradley. That is correct.Mrs. Hansen. "At the time of the award, completion of the con-tract was scheduled for September 4, 1972 ?"Mr. Bradley. Yes, ma'am.Mrs. Hansen. "After the awarding, it granted numerous time exten-sions to the Piracci Construction Co. due to change orders and strikes."Do you recall what these items are, or is this entirely between GSAand the Piracci Co. ?Mr. Bradley. Madam Chairman, it is entirely an affair betweenGSA and the Piracci Construction Co.Mrs. Hansen. "Time extensions are granted by the Board of Con-tract Appeals, the independent judicial body appointed by the GSAAdministrator to handle contract disputes." Is that correct?Mr. Bradley. Essentially correct, although I do not think every timeextension has been approved by the Board. Every time extension hasbeen approved by GSA but frequently by the project officer.Mrs. Hansen. It has not always gone to the Board of ContractAppeals ?Mr. Bradley. Not at this time ; that is right.Mrs. Hansen. "The total amount of funds available for construc-tion is $15,197,000, consisting of $14,197,000 authorized by Public Law90-425 of July 26, 1968, and $1 million donated by Mr. Joseph H.Hirshhorn. Is that correct?Mr. Brooks. That is correct, Madam Chairman. 809 Mrs. Hansen. Whether the $15,197,000 available will be sufficient tocover the total construction cost cannot be ascertained until the validityand amount of any claims and penalties have been established. Is thatcorrect ?Mr. Brooks. That is correct, ma'am.APPEARANCE OF THE HIRSHHORNMrs.' Hansen. We have a great many comments on the appearanceof the Hirshhorn building. It has been referred to rather humorouslyin some quarters as a water tank with portholes.Mr. Ripley. The stone which is going to be placed on the surfaceis going to be a special extruded aggregate granite of a slightly pink-ish brown cast, of which we have exhaustively examined samples andof which there is a section now already mounted on the east side ofthe building. It is very pleasing in appearance and has elicited veryfavorable comments from the Fine Arts Commission.Mrs. Hansen. I am glad it has, because we have had a number of un-happy references on the floor of the House to' the water tank withportholes.Mr. Ripley. We are aware of that, Madam Chairman.Mrs. Hansen. How will the landscaping affect the appearance of thebuilding ?Mr. Ripley. I think the appearance of a broad, open plaza, which isnow concealed by the wooden boarding, and the cultural display therewhich is going to be something very lively, will take away from thefeeling that the building is slightly monolithic, sort of sitting there ontop of the fence, as you see it now. You don't get any sense of scale orproportion with the wooden fence around it. For almost any building,whether one that I am involved with or not, I really like to wait untilit is completely finished before I form any strong feeling of pleasureor displeasure about it.It is impossible to visualize.Mrs. Hansen. That is a little late ?Mr. Ripley. I think it is a little late for everybody, including thearchitect. I suspect the average architect is never sure of what the even-tual effect is going to be.national air and space museumMrs. Hansen. What measures have you taken to assure that theproblems which arose in regard to the contract for the HirshhornMuseum will not arise with respect to the Air and Space Museum ?Mr. Ripley. If I may, I would like to ask Mr. Collins to speak to theAir and Space Museum.Mrs. Hansen. The committee is glad to have you with us again.Mr. Collins. Thank you, Madam Chairman.Mrs. Hansen. I hope you are taking steps to be sure that you arenot going to run into some more of these problems. I believe everybodyapproved of the Air and Space Museum architecture, including mostof the newspapers.Mr. Collins. We have had very good luck with the newspapers sofar.I think there are two main differences between the Hirshhorn andthe Air and Space Museum. The building, unlike the Hirshhorn, is 810 rectilinear and. is a very conventional building from a constructionpoint of view.The building's design and materials have been planned to avoidlater surprises, such as curved arches, and so forth. That is No. 1.CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT FOR THE AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMNo. 2, the GSA has instituted a new and somewhat streamlinedmanagement procedure for dealing with large projects like this.Instead of having a general contractor such as Piracci is for theHirshhorn, we have instead a GSA project manager and a construc-tion manager. This construction manager, who supervises constructionis the Gilbane Building Co. of Providence, K.I., which has an out-standing reputation in the business.CONTRACTS PERFORMED BY GILBANE BUILDING CO.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record a list of some of the con-tracts performed by the Gilbane Building Co.[The information follows:]CONSTRUCTION MANAGER EXPERIENCE[The Smithsonian has been informed by the General Services Administration that the Gilbane Building Co. has an excellentrecord of timely completion of construction without a record of litigation with the owners. The following is a listing of theconstruction projects during the past 5 years on which the Gilbane Building Co. served as construction manager) Job name and location Description Constructioncost amount Percent ofwork per-formed withown forces The John Hancock Tower, Copley Square,Boston, Mass.State Street Bank Bldg., Boston, Mass...State Street South, Quincy, Mass.Congen Properties, Inc., Subsidiary of Conn.Gen. Ins. Corp., Providence, R.I.Mercantile-Safe Deposit & Trust Co., CharlesCenter, Area 12, Baltimore, Md.Allendale Mutual Ins. Co., Johnston, R.IReynolds Metals Bldg., Lower Merion, PaNew England Power Service Co., Andover, West-boro, East Longmeadow and Granby, Mass.Blue Cross Bldg., Providence, R.IThe Badger Co., Inc., Kendall Square, Cam-bridge, Mass.F. W. Woolworth Co., Boston, MassPark Plaza Hotel, New Haven, Conn.Hollenden House, Cleveland, OhioHoliday Inn Motor Hotel, Providence, R.I.Trans World Airlines. Inc., Kennedy Interna-tional Airport, Jamaica, N.Y., and Rockleigh,N.J.Merriweather Post Pavilion of Music, Columbia,Md. 60-story office tower, 2,075,000 sq.ft... $102,000,000Office building, 3 basements, 34 40,000,000stories, 1,122,000 sq.ft.Phase I, Operations, data processing 27,000,000and logistics center.7-story office building, 125-car parking, 3, 400, 000115,000 sq. ft.24-story office tower, underground 13,000,000parking, 500 cars, 620,000 sq. ft.Home office building 15,000,000Office building 700, 000Office and garage, computer and ac- 6,969,000counting center service buildings.4-story office building 2,750,000Phase I, 16-story office building, 445- 12,500,000car garage, retail shopoing mall.Retail store, restaurant, roof-top park- 6, 509, 000ing garage.308-room hotel, swimming pool, ball- 6,000,000room, convention hall.363-unit motel and parking garage 4,280,00013-story motor hotel, 276-car garage... 3,200,000Hangar 12 and computer center 9,400,000 Music pavilion 500,000 10 20 2820252418252032 COST AND DUTIES OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGERMr. Collins. I might explain further, Madam Chairman, that theGilbane Building Co. is not the general contractor but a constructionmanager. He works for us, the GSA. He is on our side as a constructionmanager. He is paid a management fee and is reimbursed for his actualcosts at the site. 811Mrs. Hansen. What is that fee based on ?Mr. Collins. It is a negotiated amount Ibased on the time that hespends in consultation with the architect, on the preparation of sepa-rate contract packages, and the development of a management controlsystem known as PERT.Mrs. Hansen. It is not based on a percentage ?Mr. Collins. No, ma'am. It is based on time.Mrs. Hansen. Is the contractor's fee increased if the building takesa longer time to construct ?Mr. Collins. No. It is not that way.Mr. McKay. Would the Chairman yield ?Would you like to tell us how that fee is based ? How it is figured ?Mr. Collins. It is based on competitive bidding.Mrs. Hansen. Give us the details.Mr. Collins. It is a fixed fee which was negotiated by the GSA.Mrs. Hansen. That does not mean it is reasonable.Mr. Collins. Not at all. It is based upon the amount of time and theduties being performed by the Gilbane Co.Mrs. Hansen. Are all those stipulations in the contract ?Mr. Collins. I do not know. I will find out. The contracts are fixed-fee contracts. AWARD OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTSTo continue with how this system works, the construction managerdoes not do any of the work himself, as I said. He manages the con-struction. He starts out by working with the architect to make surethe architect's plans are sane and are low cost and can be translatedinto steel and concrete at a reasonable price. Then he continues todirect the work of the various companies who have been awarded bythe GSA project manager, fixed-price lump sum contracts.Mrs. Hansen. The contracts are not awarded to one company ?Mr. Collins. No. Separate contracts are awarded to the firms thatwould normally be subcontractors. There are 23 construction pack-ages ; therefore, 23 contracts will be awarded.Mrs. Hansen. Who determined how the contracts would be awarded ?Mr. Collins. The GSA project manager, in conjunction with theconstruction manager.Mrs. Hansen. What was the basis of determination for 23 ratherthan 5 or 10 contracts ?nature of construction contractsMr. Collins. The construction schedule and what logically falls intothe same kind of work. Excavation is logically one package. You needone hole. That is one contract.Mrs. Hansen. Suppose the excavator runs into difficulties and isdelayed. Are the other contracts awarded after the excavation is com-pleted or prior to completion ?Mr. Collins. They are awarded in most cases in parallel, as the com-pletion of working drawings permit. For example, right now 13 ofthe 23 have already been awarded. 812Mrs. Hansen. Do not some of those performances hinge on the per-formance of other contracts ?Mr. Collins. That is right.Mrs. Hansen. What happens if the completion of the first contractis delayed, will the other contractors have grounds to submit a claimfor escalation of costs ?Mr. Collins. I would say it depends on the nature of the trouble.In some cases it would depend on the starting date.Mrs. Hansen. I think you need to have firmer definitions.Mr. Collins. All right. Of the 13 awarded so far, it appears to beworking well.Mrs. Hansen. Is the excavation complete ?Mr. Collins. The excavation is complete.Mrs. Hansen. What contractors are presently working ?Mr. Collins. The marble contractor in Tennessee among others.Mrs. Hansen. What are the others ?Mr. Collins. We have the concrete, base structure.We have the structural steel we will be starting very shortly. As youpointed out, it is dependent on how the concrete comes along.Mrs. Hansen. Is this the first contractor that is behind schedule ?Mr. Collins. He is not waiting. This is how it was planned to be.Nothing is waiting in the sense of being behind schedule. I have thelist of the 13. The first one was to relocate some utilities.Mrs. Hansen. Insert in the record a list by name of the various sub-contractors. Also provide a statement on your construction managersystem.Mr. Collins. Yes.[The information follows :]Construction Manager SystemA new management procedure has been developed by General Services Admin-istration and is being utilized in the construction of the National Air and SpaceMuseum. This system includes a GSA project manager and a construction man-ager. It is the responsibility of the construction manager to supervise the con-struction and direct the work of the various companies who are awarded con-tracts by the GSA project manager.The process of selecting a construction manager began when GSA solicitedproposals and 24 firms responded. Of the six companies asked to submit price pro-posals, the Gilbane Building Company submitted the best proposal consideringprice and other qualifying factors.The construction manager is paid a fixed fee negotiated by the GSA. This fee.which cannot be changed, was based on the time he spends in consultation withthe architect, on the preparation of separate construction packages, and on thedevelopment of a management control system, known as PERT. In addition, themanager is reimbursed for actual costs at the site.Separate contracts are awarded to the firms that would normally have beensubcontractors. The 23 construction packages are as follows :Contract package and contractorWater Main Relocation, Curtin & Johnson, Washington, D.C.Excavation, Morauer & Hartzel. Washington, D.C.Marble. Peter Bratti Assoc, New York, N.Y.Structural Steel, Roanoke Iron & Bridge Works, Roanoke, Va.Metal Decks, Epic Metals Corp., Rankin, Pa.Foundations, Edward M. Crough, Inc., Rockville, Md.Curtain Walls.Skylights, Super Sky, Inc., Thiensville, Wise.Roofing and Sheetmetal. Commercial Roofing & Sheet Metal Co., Cheverly, Md.Masonry. The Sherman R. Smoot Co., Columbus, Ohio 813 Mechanical, Limbach Company, Newington, VirginiaElectrical (Audio System), Singleton Electric Co., Inc., Rockville, Md.Elevators & Escalators, Otis Elevator Co., Philadelphia, Pa.Concrete Slabs.Misc. Metal.Paint & Wall Covering, Clifton D. Mayhew, Inc., Arlington, Va.Carpentry and Finishing.Spray Fire Proofing & Insulation.(Partitions & Acoustical.)Kitchen & Cafe Equipment.Spacearium Dome.Landscaping.Carpet.Seats.The management control system, PERT, schedules the order in which eachcontract should be awarded to expedite completion. Most of the 13 contracts,presently let, were not awarded until the GSA project manager had an oppor-tunity to study progress of the excavation and to assure himself there were nounforeseen problems.By using the construction manager system and writing 23 separate contracts,the government is in a better position to determine which of the individualcontractors would be affected by any delay which might occur. Furthermore,it is the most economical system for minimizing the impact of that delay.ADDITIONAL CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTSMr. Collins. The second one was excavation. The third is founda-tions.Mrs. Hansen. Is that part of the excavation on the street ?Mr. Collins. Part of that is Metro.Mrs. Hansen. Is Metro meeting part of your costs ?Mr. Collins. No.Mrs. Hansen. You are working closely wTith Metro ?Mr. Collins. In the same area we are, but they are not paying forours and we are not paying for theirs.Mrs. Hansen. Could you have let a joint excavation contract withMetro and saved duplication ? I remember when Independence Avenuewas excavated 3 or 4 times.Mr. Collins. It is true that we are completely separate from Metro.Mrs. Hansen. You don't have overlap in any part of the construc-tion?Mrs. Hansen. You don't have overlap in any part of theconstruction ?Mr. Collins. We are not working in the same holes in the ground. Iwill say that.Mrs. Hansen. But you are working on the same street?Mr. Collins. Yes, ma'am.Mr. Ripley. Several blocks away.Mr. Collins. The third contract was foundations. The fourth one isstructural steel. The fifth is marble. Sixth is curtain walls. Seventh,skylights. The next one is roofing and sheet metal. Next is masonry.Mrs. Hansen. When the foundation is in place the rest of contractsaro let in series ?Mr. Collins. Some of the work goes in series by its very nature andsome in parallel by nature.Mrs. Hansen. Some of the contracts by their nature have to be letbefore you can install the roof ? 814Mr. Collins. That is correct. We must have done preliminary workbefore the roofing can be put on, yes. That is true, absolutely. Thebuilding comes out of the ground from the bottom up.Mrs. Hansen. What is the roofing contractor doing at the presenttime ?Mr. Collins. They are in their plants manufacturing necessaryequipment. Masonry was next. Electrical and escalators, mechanical,electrical, paint and wall coverings, and metal decks. Those are the13 which we have already let.Mrs. Hansen. What are the ten remaining contracts?Mr. Collins. The 10 remaining areas include concrete decks, finish-es in carpentry, planetarium dome, kitchen and cafeteria equipment,partitions and ceilings.Mrs. Hansen. Are those contracts related to placing the buildingin shape for service ?Mr. Collins. Just about, Madam Chairman. There is one in therefor miscellaneous metal, and so forth, we need to get in in an earliertime.Mrs. Hansen. Why wasn't that let before some of the others?Mr. Collins. Each contract is phased to come in at the proper time.The remaining ones are landscaping, carpets, seats, and acoustics.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record the name of each contrac-tor, the amount of the contract, the purpose, and the expected time ofcompletion.[The information follows :]NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM SEPARATE CONTRACT DATA EstimatedAward date ofContract Contractor amount completion Water main relocation Curtin & Johnson, Washington, D.C $96,715 Dec. 27, 1972Excavation... Morauer & Hartzel, Washington, D.C 412, 263 June 14, 1973Marble Peter Bratti Associates, New York, N.Y... 2, 680, 000 Nov. 28, 1974Structural steel Roanoke Iron & Bridge Works, Roanoke, Va 2,763,895 Jan. 11,1974Metal decks Epic Metals Corp., Rankin, Pa 394,000 June 25,1974Foundations Edward M. Crough, Inc., Rockville, Md 2,187,000 June 21,1974Skylights Super Sky, Inc., Thiensville, Wis. _ 1,060,000 Oct. 3,1974Roofing and sheetmetal Commercial Roofing &Sheet M etal, Co. Cheverly, 170, 331 Sept. 23, 1974Md.Masonry The Sherman R.Smoot Co., Columbus, Ohio 249,754 Apr. 26,1975Mechanical _ Limbach Co., Newington, Va. 4,536,000 May 22,1975Electrical Singleton Electric Co., Inc., Rockville, Md 1,587,000 May 16,1975Elevators and escalators Otis Elevator Co., Philadelphia, Pa 802,000 Mar. 10,1975Paint and wall covering Clifton D. Mayhew, Inc., Arlington, Va 206,000 (>) 1 Not available.Mr. McKay. Aren't the acoustics determined by the structure ?Mr. Collins. That is a bad word. I am talking about the visitornotification and public address system.Mrs. Hansen. You mean the broadcast system.Mr. Collins. Yes.IMPACT ON TRAFFIC AND PARKINGMrs. Hansen. What attention have you given to traffic and parkingproblems that will arise when both these museums are open? Youremember this is one of the questions that the committee raised with 815the National Capital Planning Commission and the Smithsonian lastyear.Mr. Collins. We will have one level of underground parking.Mrs. Hansen. How many cars will that hold?Mr. Collins. Five hundred cars plus 15 buses.Mrs. Hansen. Suppose the 500 cars are all employees of HEW?Mr. Collins. They will not be.Mrs. Hansen. How will you prevent that ?Mr. Collins. By rate structure. We are going to make it very in-expensive for the first 2 hours and very expensive thereafter.Mrs. Hansen. Suppose they have a car pool ?Mr. Collins. It is going to cost them $14 a day, or something likethat. We plan to charge them 50 cents an hour for the first 2 hours andthen really jack it up.Mr. Ripley. Discourage the employee and encourage the tourist.Mrs. Hansen. Where are HEW employees going to park?Mr. Collins. They have already gone. Wherever they went theyhave already gone.Mrs. Hansen. They are just in other areas.Mr. Collins. There could not be any more central spot than wherethey used to park. They have been pushed away from the center ofthe city. A place at Hains Point absorbed a lot of them, and someare using commercial garages to the south and to the west of wherewe sit right now.Mr. Evans. A charge of $14 per day will get to some people.Mrs. Hansen. Will the 15 tour buses that you anticipate be comingfrom the areas surrounding Washington, or are these the inner citytour buses that are used by the Park Service ?Mr. Ripley. I believe the answer is the first suggestion you make.Mrs. Hansen. Are you working with the Park Service in regard tothe inner city tour buses ? satellite parkingMr. Ripley. We have been in consultation with the Park Service,for the 9 years I have been here. We have paid for parts of some ofthe surveys made involving the Mall area. As you know, I was amember of the Visitors Center Committee. We believe that the plansfor the satellite parking, which the Park Service is presently in favorof, are good. But this summer a large number of buses will be ex-cluded from the Mall and will be at satellite positions within callby intercom systems. Shuttle buses will deliver people, and buseswill come in on schedule when called. This system we are currentlyin favor of.One of our problems recently has been parking by employees of theMetro out of their scheduled areas, which are within the barricadedwooded places and not on the street. We have enjoined the ParkService to get these people removed and put into the places wherethere is space for them behind these barricades. This kind of thingis a continuing struggle, and all I can say is that the Park Service;within their limits of overwork, do their very best to cooperate.Mrs. Hansen. Because many members of the committee are new,do you have a copy of the designs of the Air and Space Museum thatthe committee can see ?Mr. Collins. I brought some photographs with me. 93-397 O - 73 - 52 816VISITATION AT AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. What is the present visitation per year at the Air andSpace Museum ?Mr. Brooks. While Mr. Collins is getting his papers out, I will tryto answer that.There are two buildings, as you know, that house those exhibits.One is the Arts and Industries Exhibit and the other the Air andSpace Building. For the most recent fiscal year, 1972, our figures are2,306,000 for the Arts and Industry Building and 1.1 million for theAir and Space Building. The total visitation, 3.4 million. There are anumber of duplicate visits in there since many people will go acrossthe street from one to the other.Mrs. Hansen. How many visitors per day will the proposed Air andSpace Museum accommodate ?Mr. Collins. Our maximum design load is 50,000 people a day.That is what we expect to see at the maximum. The building couldphysically handle more than that, but we don't expect more than that.Mr. Ripley. We estimate about 6 million visits a year for thisbuilding.Mrs. Hansen. In spite of the fact that our space program is dimin-ishing ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, I think it will continue without respect to anyparticular program.design of air and space museumMr. Collins. We have pictures of the hole in the ground if anybodywould like to see that.You can see the concrete pilings going in now and it is comingalong nicely.Mr. Ripley. They are ahead of schedule now, which is very en-couraging.Mrs. Hansen. To what do you attribute that?Mr. Ripley. Just efficiency.Mrs. Hansen. Weather?Mr. Ripley. Weather. It has been a mild winter.Mr. Evans. A question ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. Evans. You are designing this to have 500 parking spacesbasically ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, sir.Mr. Evans. One level of parking ?Mr. Collins. Yes, that is correct.Mr. Evans. Why were not two or three levels of parking considered ?Mr. Ripley. One is less expensive.Mr. Collins. We have an estimate of going down a second level.It would cost an additional $8 million to go down one more level. Ithas to do with the land down there. We used to have rivers and canalsand if you start going down and pick up enough moisture it tends topop the building out of the ground. The hydraulic uplift is expensiveand you have to construct to hold the building down. That is whatthey found over at the National Gallery of Art. 817STORAGE OF EXHIBITSMrs. Hansen. Where do you store your exhibits ?Mr. Collins. Out at Silver Hill, Md.Mrs. Hansen. What is the cost per year for storage ?Mr. Collins. I don't have any figures on that. I can give you figureson that on how many people are working there.Mrs. Hansen. Insert the information in the record.[The information follows :]Costs at Silver HillThe National Air and Space Museum employs 23 people at Silver Hill. Theirsalaries and expenses total $244,394 per year.It should be noted, however, that these people are responsible for proper stor-age as well as for the restoration of the aircraft.NEED FOR OPEN SPACEMrs. Hansen. If we have many more Smithsonian buildings soonthere will be no trees left.Mr. Ripley. There were no trees before.Mrs. Hansen. I know, but there might have been.Mr. Ripley. We find that we can fit in 6 million people under a roofbetter than under the trees.Mrs. Hansen. Have you read about the need for more open space ?Mr. Ripley. Yes. I have also walked the Mall from end to end. Itis a very impressive open space.Of course, we have the long legislative history of presentation anddesire to have an Air and Space Museum. I don't believe in an oldquonset hut as being an air-space museum.Mrs. Hansen. I agree, but the committee was somewhat startledto see in your language, the phrase, "a mandate from Congress."Mr. Ripley. I don't like the word "mandate" myself.AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM COSTSMrs. Hansen. Are there any other questions on the Air and SpaceMuseum.Mr. Wyatt. Costs are apparently staying within the $40 millionoverall estimate at this point ?Mr. Collins. That is correct.Mr. Wyatt. You contemplate within present available informationthey are going to be completed within those estimates?Mr. Ripley. Yes, sir. It is looking good right now. I could beaccused of being naive but I believe it is going to stay on schedule andcome in on budget.Mrs. Hansen. Why hadn't GSA streamlined their operationsbefore ?Mr. Ripley. This is a new procedure, Madam Chairman.Mrs. Hansen. Why didn't they adopt this procedure earlier ?Mr. Collins. All organizations, I suppose, attempt to improve theiroperation. This is a model which came from outside contracting.Mrs. Hansen. I have long wondered why the Federal Governmentdidn't let contracts in this manner ? 818Mr. Eipley. This is what we are doing in the National Gallery, ofcourse. They have a very good contract supervisory engineer right onthe job.Mrs. Hansen. You need a very competent person to manage acontract.Mr. Collins. We have a good one ; Mr. Hurley Offenbacher of GSA.Mr. Wyatt. I would like to say I think this presentation has beenvery, very good. I think the committee will be watching this new GSAprocedure and also the Smithsonian procedure. It makes good senseand we wish you well. We hope it produces good results.FUNCTION OF ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTSMr. Veysey. I want to say the news of being within the cost esti-mates and ahead of schedule which Mr. Collins brings us is refreshing.I congratulate him. It is unique, I guess.There is one question relating to the construction management con-tract. Does that replace the function of the engineers or architects whowould normally exercise a supervisory function during the construc-tion phase ?Mr. Collins. I don't believe so, Mr. Veysey. Our architectural firmworks with the construction manager. He spent a lot of time at theirplant in St. Louis when they were doing the working drawings. Itobviously has to be a team. It is as strong as its weakest member, I sup-pose. The architect has not really lost any of his prerogatives exceptperhaps the prerogative of making capricious changes. He is much lessable to say, "Well, I will change this to that." He has a lot of peoplelooking over his shoulder before he can do that.Mr. Veysey. I believe the normal practice is for the architect to geta fee, maybe a certain percentage for the design and the drawings, andthen a certain percentage for supervision of the construction. Is thisan additional fee on top of that ?Mr. Brooks. Basically it does not replace the architect's function ofsupervision which goes to the design and the fulfillment of that designand building. The construction manager's job is essentially to integratethe work being done on the site. He is taking over the work that tradi-tionally has gone to the general contractor who was supposed to dothat. Under the general contractor arrangement, the general contractorhas not been able to get to the architect until he gets a contract.In this case the construction manager gets to the architect andstarts looking at his drawings and preparation some months before thedrawings are ready. He packages those drawings so that he can sendthem out to the different contractors.Mr. Veysey. Hopefully a dispute of the type that we have with theHirshhorn might be avoided under these conditions if they all look atthe plans and specifications first and decide indeed it said two differentthings to two different people ; is that right ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, sir.Mr. Wyatt. Madam Chairman; for the record, your constructionmanager in a sense replaces the general contractor who would be get-ting paid for his services and pulls together and coordinates all thesesubcontracts ; is that right ?Mr. Collins. That is correct.Mrs. Hansen. This is a far better approach, I congratulate you. 819JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTERLast week the committee heard testimony from the National ParkService on the operation and maintenance of the John F. KennedyCenter. There are apparently continuing problems in the relationshipsbetween the Park Service and the Center trustees, especially as theyrelate to access to the Center and to certain areas in the building. Letme point out the problem.The Park Service is charged with the maintenance of the Center.Part of the restaurants profits are returned to the John F. KennedyCenter. A certain number of people who use the restaurants also gothrough other areas of the building and yet none of the profit the Centerreceives from the restaurant goes to meet the Park Service's mainte-nance costs. This is typical.By the way, the warranties on some of the rather sophisticatedequipment are expiring. What is your assessment of the problem?MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENTMr. Ripley. I am afraid that as a trustee, Madam Chairman, I havenot addressed myself to the future of the operations. It appeared tome that the Park Service taking over of the maintenance and manage-ment of the building as a building, per se in the spirit of their admin-istration of other memorials, such as the Lincoln Memorial, was properand appropriate.Mrs. Hansen. Where the problem arises is that this is a memorial butbeyond the memorial you have the theater, opera house, etcetera.You do have these questions arising about the degree of maintenancecosts that should be borne by the Park Service. As you are well aware,this creates difficulties especially because the operating costs are goingto rise rather sharply in the foreseeable future.As I noted, we are reaching that point in time when the warrantieson the equipment expire ; so there is going to be a steadily rising levelof costs, I would imagine. I wonder if the Board of Trustees wouldaddress itself to this problem, a discussion of perhaps a better distribu-tion of related maintenance costs.Mr. Ripley. Off the record.[Discussion off the record.]Mrs. Hansen. As I understand it, the terrace is quite popular asare all of the restaurants. There are a number of visitors who arrivethat do want restaurant services.Mr. Ripley. It is needed in the area.JOINT DISCUSSION ON DIVISION OF COSTSMrs. Hansen. That is correct. It seems to me that perhaps all theparties involved should get together to develop a better cost divisionfor the management operations. Where you have integrated uses atthe center it becomes more difficult to determine what share of thecosts should be met by the center and what share should be met bythe Park Service. This is going to become, I would say, particularlyimportant in the future as you have to repair or replace major capitalinvestments. 820 Mr. Ripley. Would it be possible to ask either the Chairman or oneof the trustees, as such, to come and testify ?Mrs. Hansen. If your schedule permits, we might ask Roger Stevensto appear with representatives of the Park Service.We want to do the proper and right thing for the memorial. We arecharged with the dual position of trying to make sure the taxpayer'sinvestment is protected and that those functions and costs which arerelated to performing arts activities are borne by the center. The com-mittee hoped that you might have some comments today and then ata later time we might discuss this matter with Roger Stevens and thePark Service.Mr. Ripley. I would be glad to appear with Roger Stevens as a rep-resentative of the Smithsonian. Our function in this has been nominal.We have taken no part in the long-term planning and construction ofthe building or oversights. Nor were we requested to.Mrs. Hansen. The committee suggested at the time the location ofJFK Center was selected that a more suitable site could be found.I think time has proved that the committee was right. It could havebeen more properly a part of Pennsylvania Avenue and general down-town area. The Center has had continuing construction problems whichare very similar to those of the Hirshhorn. There are negotiations stillpending between the trustees and the contractors. If it takes a differenttype of authorization the committee is open to suggestions so that inthe future these long-term problems won't detract from the purposes ofan act like the one establishing the JFK Center.Mr. Ripley. I endorse this heartily.BICENTENNIAL OUTDOOR MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. What is the status of negotiations for the proposedBicentennial Outdoor Museum ?Mr. Ripley. We are in discussion with the Park Service continually.We hope that they will allow us to prepare a plan for the use of FortWashington, which is downriver from here on the Potomac.Mrs. Hansen. This is going to be an outdoor park ?Mr. Ripley. Yes.Mrs. Hansen. You also have a related proposition on the ArmedServices museum. Isn't this correct ?Mr. Ripley. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Center, as it is called, willbe incorporated within the Museum of History and Technology andwill be under the general supervision of the Armed Forces MuseumAdvisory Board, but will not require separate construction or aseparate building.Mrs. Hansen. What are your plans for Fort Foote?Mr. Ripley. That is out.Mrs. Hansen. You are requesting no funds for Fort Foote?Mr. Ripley. None whatsoever.Mrs. Hansen. Do you still hope to be able to open such a proposedoutdoor museum in 1976 ?Mr. Ripley. I am unable to answer that question with any degreeof assurance. 821ACCESS TO OUTDOOR MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. Do you think the Park Service will agree to the accessat Fort Washington ?Mr. Ripley. I have talked to the new Director, Mr. Walker, aboutthis, and find him, in general, very sympathetic. The question is, Howcan we use such an area effectively with respect to the density of thesurrounding suburban population and the narrowness of the roadsand access? The alternative that I would like to explore is a smallboat?ferry system?across from Mount Vernon to the historical park.Mrs. Hansen. Isn't that going to necessitate a new dock at MountVernon ?Mr. Ripley. They have a dock there, as I understand it. The systemwould utilize small boats capable of carrying 20 to 30 people only.Mrs. Hansen. Doesn't the dock serve only large boats but not smallboats ? I well remember dropping some 10 feet down to the beach to getto this boat.Mr. Ripley. I wouldn't want to do that. I talked to Mr. Straus aboutthis.Mrs. Hansen. The tide was going out and it was doubly hard return-ing to the dock. If I had not been raised on the Columbia River withfish ladders I would never have negotiated it.Mr. Ripley. This is purely speculative, now. Mr. Straus, of theAccokeek Foundation, has such a boat which he just acquired with thehelp of Mr. Saylor of the Congress. They are interested in possiblyrunning a fast, short ferry system.Mrs. Hansen. It is a beautiful trip ; and you get a better idea of FortWashington than any other way. But the dock that services the tourboat is not going to be adequate unless substantial changes are made.It isn't able to service smaller boats because of the tides on the Potomacand because of the height of the dock.Mr. Ripley. They would have to work out a float with a movingladder or gangway.Mrs. Hansen. They will have to do something.Mr. Ripley. I quite agree. I wouldn't encourage the outdoor parkunless we could get some other method of access than simply the presentroads.Mrs. Hansen. Those roads will not suffice.Mr. Ripley. Our present plans are in flux but we are continuingto work on that. FORT WASHINGTONMrs. Hansen. The committee will be interested in what you develop.Fort Washington is a very interesting fort.Mr. Ripley. Beautiful site for that. It is relatively well preserved,although there is quite a bit of construction that is beginning to crack.It has no great inherent history and the Park Service has no particularrequirements for their interpretive role. They would be willing tocooperate. I think they would be willing to cooperate with us becausethey realize that they don't have anything special to say there.Mrs. Hansen. It is a very interesting example of one of the lastbuilt European-type forts ? 822 Mr. Ripley. Yes. There have been thought of having outdoor per-formances there, some tattoolike programs and a historical view of thecitizen army. This might be very attractive, but we need access to it.I don't think the sound and light ideas are particularly viable in viewof the ambient noise. If you ever stood out in the area and listenedto the planes going over your head every minute or so, you cannotthink very well about the 18th century.RESTORATION OF THE DENZEL CAROUSELMrs. Hansen. You discussed briefly the Denzel carousel. When doyou expect to complete the refurbishing ?Mr. Kipley. Madam Chairman, it has been a hope of mine eversince I came to the Smithsonian that we could have a few outdooractivities for the children to remind us of the fact that a museum isnot a sterile mausoleum. "We have a rental carousel that is run by aman on a contract basis every summer outside of the Arts and Indus-tries Building, in front of what is known as Smithsonan Park. Wehope to have our own carousel some day. We have a beautiful one,the last one made by the Denzel family of New Jersey in the 1890's,which we purchased some years ago and which have been grad-ually restoring bit by bit. We had hoped that Charles Eames' designof an all-weather cover, largely glass, which would allow the carouselto be seen winter and summer, could be erected.Mrs. Hansen. I understand it is a very enchanting carousel.Mr. Ripley. It is. It conveys a sense of charm and fantasy whichwould electrify children. This is the meaning to us of the Smithsonian,the ability to attract and fascinate children and intrigue them. These'are pictures of some of the animals that we have restored so far. Asyou see, they are masterworks of their kind. They are great folkcarvings.Mrs. Hansen. Where was it made?Mr. Ripley. New Jersey. By this German traditional family ofwoodcarvers that make carousel figures.Mr. Evans. Where would this be located ?Mr. Ripley. We have a little area known as Smithsonian Park,which lies between 9th and 12th along Independence and halfwayout to the Mall. In that area is incorporated the Freer Gallery, theold Smithsonian castle building, the Arts and Industries Building,and the Hirshhorn. The side between Independence and the old Smith-sonian Building is a large quadrangular court, bounded by two ofthese other buildings. It now has a whole assemblage of little rattle-trap things like a quonset hut, horrid wooden buildings, a little oldgarage, and here and there a noble-tree struggling to maintain itself.Mrs. Hansen. Here is my contribution to the carousel.Mr. Ripley. Thank you, Madam Chairman. That brings us up to$119. I think we have ample open space right in this court area bythe original Smithsonian Building. Of course, it would complementthe Arts and Industries Building which itself looks like a set of circustents. It is that world fair architecture of the 1870's. The castle isjust a castle, and so to have a carousel associated with it is notinconsistent.Mrs. Hansen. I hope your donations improve quickly. 823Mr. Ripley. We were so overwhelmed by the generosity of Mr.Anderson.Mrs. Hansen. I was delighted to see that, it was one of his betterarticles.Mr. Ripley. May I say, Madam Chairman, he volunteered to helpus, rather than our going to him. It is a very nice gesture.Mrs. Hansen. I hope you receive sufficient donations, because Iwould like to see your carousel in operation. I like to see things foryoung people.Mr. Ripley. So do I.FLORA OF NORTH AMERICAMrs. Hansen. The committee has received numerous letters aboutthe Flora North America project. With a total increase of almost$24 million in your 1974 budget, why were you unable to find a placefor this $200,000 item?Mr. Ripley. Madam Chairman, I would like to ask Dr. Challinor,the Assistant Secretary for Science, to speak to that.Mr. Challinor. Madam Chairman, we have a group of botaniststhroughout the country interested in this project.Mrs. Hansen. I ascertained that fact.Mr. Challinor. They were initially wholly funded by the NationalScience Foundation. About last year the National Science Foundationannounced they would no longer fund this project to its ultimatecompletion.It is going to cost between $800,000 and $900,000 a year for thenext 5 or 6 years. The Smithsonian during this past period has beenfunding this to the tune of about $60,000 a year out of its own funds.The participating institutions, most of whom you have gotten lettersfrom, are not really putting any cash in this at all. They were puttingin their portions of the grants which they received from the NationalScience Foundation.The National Science Foundation then said if the Smithsonian willfor the first year get $200,000 in its own budget, they will give $600,000for a total of $800,000 to support the botanical teams at other institu-tions. Then each successive year the National Science Foundation por-tion would decline, and the Smithsonian portion would increase, untilby 1976 the Smithsonian portion would level off at about $900,000.In Smithsonian terms, this is a large amount. The mechanism forcarrying out the Flora of North America involved the use of an IBMcomputer designed for this. The Smithsonian has three computers, andwe felt within our budget priorities it would be very hard to justifybefore Congress a request for a fourth computer system to supportthe Flora of North America in the fashion in which it was supposed tocome to us.We said, however if we can get $200,000 from Congress^ goingthrough the OMB-Congress budget procedure, we would certainly bewilling to try.Mrs. Hansen. I take it OMB did not approve this prefect?Mr. Challinor. We did not get through OMB.Mrs. Hansen. The Flora of North America is probably one of theleast interesting programs to OMB. 824Mr. Challinor. As a matter of policy, I would like to point out wedo intend to keep this project going, but within the limits and controlof the Smithsonian Institution. If we take over this project from theoutside, the buck stops with us. It is our job to make it work with ourcontributors and under our control, which is, indeed, what we are con-tinuing to do now.We will have put in during 1973 about $61,000 of our own money,which I might add is considerably more than any of the other botanicalorganizations have done. We will continue to keep this project alive,but not at the scale at which it was originally planned.PURPOSE OF FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA PROJECTMr. Evans. I would like to have a further explanation of the purposeof this project.Mr. Challinor. This project is to put together under one series ofvolumes, via a computer, the record of all the plants in North Americanorth of Mexico. This has been done already for mainland SovietUnion. They completed theirs in 1964, 34 volumes, without the use ofa computer. The botanical gardens, herbaria, and other research or-ganizations in Europe are in the process of making a Flora of Europe.We have felt that the Flora of North America would be extremelyuseful to keep track of what plants and trees exist now in this countryat this point in time.Mrs. Hansen. And what changes occur.Mr. Challinor. And the changes, exactly.Mrs. Hansen. Let me read you one paragraph from a letter I havereceived : Approximately 700 botanists in the United States and Canada have agreed tocontribute their time and effort to complete an inventory of all the plants ofNorth America. The Flora of North America program has been carried out for6 years in the light of full international publicity. Many of the members of theAdvisory Committee are distinguished botanists from Foreign countries, in-cluding the Soviet Union. The 11th International Botanical Congress is to beheld in Leningrad in 1975, and a number of us will be present at that time.I must point out that we would be considerably embarrassed over the fact thatthe Soviet Union completed its own similar inventory of its plants in 1964 * * *.Mr. Challinor. This is a very worthwhile project which we endorseand support and which we intend to carry on to the limits that wcfeel we can best do.Mr. Ripley. We will continue it if we can get money for it.Mrs. Hansen. You would not mind if the committee shifted andchanged your priorities ?Mr. Ripley. No, ma'am. "tecumseh" legal matterMrs. Hansen. On December 30, 1972 an article appeared in theWashington Post on the sunken ship Tecumseh in Mobile Bay. Is theremoney in your budget to pay for this? Why should the Governmentpay it ?Mr. Ripley. May I ask Mr. Brooks to answer the question you raised ?Mr. Brooks. Madam Chairman, as you know, there was a judgmentin the case of the Tecumseh against the Smithsonian Institution inthe amount of $212,000. 825Mrs. Hansen. What was the judgment based on ?Mr. Brooks. The judgment was based on a trial in the district court.The complaint was made by Expeditions Unlimited for certain dam-ages they claimed had resulted to them.Mrs. Hansen. What were those damages ?Mr. Brooks. These claims concerned lost profits and expenses.Mrs. Hansen. How much did they have invested ?Mr. Brooks. I do not have that information.Mrs. Hansen. Do you want to supply to the committee a complete,detailed summary of the judgment, and give us the highlights of thatjudgment? You were in the process of recovering the Tecumseh, wereyou not ?Mr. Ripley. Since the matter is still before the court, I can only speakgenerally at this point. We entered into a verbal and letter agreement,but no formal contract. They had the right to try to raise the moneyto raise the ship, and, if successful, they would carry out the operationof raising the ship.They claim an infringement on a contractual basis, which we con-tested, that they were not given an adequate opportunity to sell TV,radio, photographic, and other rights and thereby raise the funds, getadvance funds, because of actions of the Director of our Armed ForcesMuseum Advisory Board, as I understood it. So they then brought asuit.Apparently the case came to trial before a jury who were impressedby this argument. The head of our bureau had drowned in the mean-time and was not there to rebut the case. He had been really handlingit very much himself.Our legal counsel's office did the best they could under the circum-stances, but the jury seemed to be persuaded that the SmithsonianInstitution, and the U.S. Government, should take care of this manwho claimed to be having a very difficult time.Mrs. Hansen. The article says, "after the project foundered on theSmithsonian's budget problems, the firm brought suit in the U.S.District Court."Mr. Ripley. This is after the fact. We did not supply funds, as Irecall it, at all. It was purely on speculation.Mrs. Hansen. In other words, Expeditions Unlimited went aheadon their own ?Mr. Ripley. Yes. This was a venture project on his part to raisehis own funds. We put no funds into it.Mrs. Hansen. Who is going to pay the bill ?Mr. Ripley. It is still in litigation. There is a motion for judgmentnotwithstanding the verdict pending before the court. We have noway of knowing. I would say the whole thing is in limbo at the moment-Mrs. Hansen. There are no funds in the fiscal year 1974 budget forthis activity?Mr. Ripley. Certainly not.Mrs. Hansen. Why should you be required to pay this claim?Mr. Ripley. We are not persuaded that there is a valid case here. 826NATIONAL MUSEUM ACTMrs. Hansen. I have received a letter from a museum director inregard to travel authority. Does the Smithsonian have authority topay for travel and living expenses for museum personnel coming backhere to work?Mr. Ripley. Coming back from another State ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. Ripley. We have budgeted items of expenditure for reviewpanels under the Museum Act, as the National Science Foundationand other Government granting agencies do. If we summon a reviewpanel of experts, museum personnel or otherwise, we do have a budgeteditem for carrying some of their costs on a reimbursable basis.TRAVELING EXPENSES ASSOCIATED WITH WORKSHOPSMrs. Hansen. This letter relates to your workshops. "I notice underthe National Museum Act you are now offering workshops in specialareas to museum staff around the country. The only problem for asmall museum in Washington"?or any other State?"is the high costof travel to and from the District of Columbia and the lodging there,all of which must be paid by the local museums. Since our travel fundis only $1,200 per year, obviously our staff cannot take advantage ofthis opportunity. However, some museums can, and it should be totheir benefit to do so. Frankly, I am at a loss to understand the travelfunding situation."Mr. Ripley. I think Mr. Perrot can speak to that directly, becausehe is in charge of the National Museum program.Mr. Perrot. Madam Chairman, there is nothing, as far as I know,that legally prevents us from providing travel expenses.Mrs. Hansen. But you do not have funds in your budget for thisactivity ?Mr. Perrot. We do not have budgetary funds. We feel that insti-tutions sending personnel should make some sort of commitment, moralas well as physical, to the further training of the members of theirstaff. The limitation now is one of funds, rather than anything else.Mrs. Hansen. The committee has received an increasing number ofinquiries on this very subject, particularly from the smaller museumsin the country. They do not have accessibility to the techniques thatare badly needed.As you are well aware, there is no well-trained cadre of museumdirectors in the United States, particularly west of the Mississippi.There should be some discussion on developing cooperative pro-grams between the States and the Smithsonian Institution.Mr. Perrot. May I add, we are encouraging museums to take a lookat this with a view to distributing workshops as much as possibleacross the country.Mrs. Hansen. This could be one answer to the problem.Mr. Perrot. We want those to be multiplied within the limitationsof the funds available to support the workshop programs. 827PRESERVATION OF INDIAN ARTIFACTSMrs. Hansen. As I mentioned this morning, one of your employeeswas in Washington working with the Makahs. Temporarily they havetheir artifacts stored in an old building. They are interested in amuseum for these artifacts.Because of the customs of the tribe and their pride in the tribe, theydo not want them moved from the tribal area. Yet, these artifacts areof great significance in their contribution to the entire history of NorthAmerican Indians, particularly the Indians on the northwest coast.Because of their desire and the fact that they are not a wealthy tribewe are trying to encourage the preservation of these artifacts.What are you doing to help these Indian tribes on such matters?If they reached a point where a building was feasible they would needadvice on the type of building and what kind of preservation tech-niques to use.Mr. Perrot. We have had several meetings with the Museum ofNatural History and the Department of Anthropology addressingourselves to just these questions. For example, representatives of theNavajo community came to Washington some months ago and wereviewed the plans for a new building. Members of the staff of theMuseum of Natural History have gone on the site to assist them insharpening and revising these plans.The head of the Archives of American Anthropology is particu-larly concerned about the documentary history that the Navajos have.We have an advisory service and encourage members of the staff ofthe Smithsonian to go out and assist wherever possible. We do nothave funds nor do we see any way of obtaining funds in the immediatefuture to assist in construction.Mrs. Hansen. That program could be done in cooperation with theBIA through the BIA's economic development program.The problem is that the authorizing committee has yet to approvethis program. PARKING AT THE ZOOMrs. Hansen. I notice you plan to charge a fee to park at the zoo.Mr. Ripley. Dr. Reed is here and is prepared to speak about the zooparking.Mr. Reed. The parking fee at the zoo has been authorized by theBoard of Regents. We believe it has the support of OMB in the con-text of considering ways to obtain financing of the parking facilitiesat the zoo.The people who are using the parking lot will help defray some ofthe future cost of the parking development.Mrs. Hansen. How many cars can be parked at the zoo per day ?Mr. Reed. We can park about 1,100 cars. We can shoehorn in a fewmore.Mrs. Hansen. Is there a fee to park at the zoo at the present time ?Mr. Reed. No cost at the present time. We have never charged foradmission or for parking at the zoo since 1890. 828Mr. Hansen. All of a sudden, you have decided to charge a dollarper car ? Is this revenue sharing ?Mr. Reed. A user tax, yes. Revenue sharing, no. At the present time,most of the major zoos in this country charge for parking cars.Mrs. Hansen. The major zoos of this country do not receive theiroperating funds from the Congress of the United States.Mr. Reed. I realize that.Mrs. Hansen. I have a news article that indicates you will have roomfor 2,200 cars, and there will be a terraced visitor space at a cost of$620,000. Are there any funds in your fiscal year 1974 budget for thisproject?Mr. Reed. If you are reading a news article, there are a fewT mistakesin that. The reporter was not quite accurate.The money we have in the budget request before you today is forthe design of the parking garage, certainly not the construction of it.The design will go into the tentative phases now, and partial workingdrawings.Mrs. Hansen. If you arrive at the zoo before 9 o'clock in the morn-ing you are allowed to park for free ?Mr. Reed. Yes. Hopefully, this will distribute our visitors out moreover the day. We will not be denying a person who does not have a dol-lar. He can come to the zoo.Mrs. Hansen. Provided he arrives before 9 o'clock ?Mr. Reed. If he brings his car before 9 o'clock in the morning. Weare not denying the person who does not have the dollar. He will beusing the zoo. This will spread our visitor load out, making it moreenjoyable for everyone.Mrs. Hansen. Do you have legislative authority to charge forparking ?Mr. Reed. It is my understanding that wTe have sufficient authoriza-tion already for this. Salaries and ExpensesMrs. Hansen. We will insert justification pages A-l through A-T7in the record at this point. 829SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONFISCAL YEAR 197A ESTIMATES OF APPROPRIATIONSGENERAL STATEMENT Organization and PerformanceFounded in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution is an independent establishmentdevoted to public education, basic research, and national service in the arts,sciences, and history. Centered on the Mall in Washington, D. C, it also operatesmajor facilities and activities elsewhere in Washington, across the country, andoverseas.One of the world's leading research centers, the Smithsonian is also theworld's largest museum complex, attracting, with the Zoo, upward of twenty millionvisitors yearly as well as additional millions who view traveling exhibits. Itpossesses more than 70 million objects and specimens, about three percent of whichare on public display and the rest used for basic research.This complex includes as major components four history and science museums:the combined National Museum of Natural History and National Museum of Man, theNational Museum of History and Technology, and the National Air and Space Museum.A fifth, the National Armed Forces Historical Museum Park, is in the planning stageunder an advisory group established by Congress. There are six art museums: theFreer Gallery of Art, the separately administered National Gallery of Art, theNational Collection of Fine Arts, the National Portrait Gallery, the RenwickGallery, and the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Decorative Arts and Design in New York.A seventh, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, is being constructed on theMall. Each of these museums has or plans extensive research and public serviceactivities.There are other major components of the Smithsonian in Washington. TheRadiation Biology Laboratory plays a unique role in the study of the effects ofsolar radiation. The National Zoological Park, with facilities in Rock CreekValley, annually attracts more than four million visitors. The national culturalcenter, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, is a separatelyadministered bureau of the Smithsonian under a separate Board of Trustees. TheSmithsonian's other performing arts activities cover a wide spectrum?puppet showsto classical concerts to a college drama festival. A Festival of American Folklifeis presented each year on the Mall with representation from every region of thecountry and an annual attendance of over half a million persons.Also in Washington, the innovative Anacostia Neighborhood Museum operates in alow-income area of the city in cooperation with the local community. There is anoceanographic sorting center at the Washington Navy Yard. In addition, a centerfor advanced study, the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, isunderway at the Smithsonian.Smithsonian facilities and activities stretch across the nation and the world.Chief among these installations elsewhere is the Smithsonian AstrophysicalObservatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which itself operates major installationsin other parts of the United States and field stations in several nations around theglobe. Other national and international facilities include the 350-acre BelmontConference Center in nearby Maryland; the 2,000-acre Chesapeake Bay Center forEnvironmental Studies; centers in New York, Boston, Detroit, and San Franciscosupporting the work of the Washington-based Archives of American Art; anoceanographic sorting center in Salammbo, Tunisia, whose work parallels the programsof the Institution's oceanographic center in Washington; and the highly regardedTropical Research Institute centered in Panama. 830 A wide range of programs is conducted in cooperation with other institutions,several dozen universities, and government agencies here in the United States andon every continent. The Institution offers its facilities and intellectual resourcesfor research and education, from the elementary to postgraduate levels, in hundredsof areas of Smithsonian scientific and cultural interest.More than two thousand scientific expeditions to the corners of the world havebeen sponsored of participated in by staff members over the decades. TheSmithsonian participates in continuing research projects in many nations abroad, insome cases using United States Government surplus commodity funds for this purpose.For more than a century, the Smithsonian has circulated a wide range ofresearch and other publications here and abroad. Today, a number of its componentsare engaged in varying aspects of publication, distribution, exchange, andinformation-retrieval services. Communications activities also include radio,television, and motion picture programs.The Smithsonian Associates, a dues-paying membership program set up in 1965,has about 10,000 members in the Washington area. In other parts of the nation,more than 350,000 members receive the monthly magazine Smithsonian .Management EffectivenessThe management of this complex organization places unusual demands onidentifying, implementing, and reviewing needed management initiatives. Inrecognition of this, over the past year the Smithsonian has taken the following steps1. Within the Office of the Secretary it has created a focus for identifyingand reviewing emerging issues which impact on the longer-range development ofthe Institution's programs.2. Mechanisms have been established whereby bureau and office personnel areprovided fuller opportunities to participate constructively in Institutionaldecision-making.3. Investigative work has been assigned to key research, technical, andadministrative teams in selected areas of activity. The objective of theassignments is a thorough assessment of important program areas with high publicsignificance; such as, exhibits preparation, protection of the NationalCollections, and general public services.Through these and other efforts the Institution will ensure that its research,education, and other national service activities will be conducted effectively.FY 1974 Budget Estimates and ObjectivesFor FY 1974 the Institution is requesting the following appropriations:FY 1973 Requested FY 1974Appropriations Increase EstimateSalaries and Expenses $51,633,000 $ 4,805,000 $56,438,000Science Information Exchange 1,600,000 65,000 1,665,000Special Foreign Currency Program 3,500,000 5,500,000 9,000,000Construction and Planning 18,689,000 13,381,000 32,070,000$75,422,000 $23,751,000 $99,173,000Highlights of the budget requests are as follows. 831 A. "Salaries and Expenses"1972 Appropriation 1973 Appropriation 1974 Estimate$44,701,000 $51,633,000 $56,438,000This appropriation provides for the regular operating programs in the museums,galleries, zoological park, research laboratories, and other program units; forspecial projects of an Institution-wide nature; and for program support activities.This funding is allocated by major groups as follows (organizational allocationappears on pages A-2 through A-3) : FY 1973 FY 1974Base Increase EstimateScience $18,162,000 $1,585,000 $19,747,000History and Art 7,250,000 515,000 7,765,000Public Service 2,087,000 174,000 2,261,000Museum Programs 5,364,000 701,000 6,065,000Special Programs 2,955,000 494,000 3,449,000Administration, Protection, and Support--- 7,379,000 620,000 7,999,000Buildings Management 8,436,000 716,000 9,152,000Totals $51,633,000 $4,805,000 $56,438,000Major purposes to be served by the requested funding increase include: ?The projected higher costs of current employees caused by periodic stepincreases and by legislated pay raises for wage board employees ($750,000) ?Research, aircraft and spacecraft restoration, and exhibits planning andpreparation for the new National Air and Space Museum. Now under construction,the Museum is scheduled to open to the public in July 1976 ($765,000) ?Support of basic science in the National Museum of Natural History andSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory ($200,000) ?Operations of the popular National Zoological Park ($150,000) ?Collections documentation and preservation in the National Museum of Historyand Technology ($150,000) ?Preparations for opening the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden to thepublic in the spring of 1974 ($150,000) ?Conservation of collections to guard against further deterioration andloss ($100,000) ?Preparation of exhibits, scholarly projects, and national outreach activitiesfor the American Revolution Bicentennial ($1,000,000) ?Support of the general exhibits program in the face of a growing workload($300,000) ?Additional grants under the National Museum Act in behalf of the museumprofession ($100,000) ?Protection and security of buildings, exhibits, collections, and visitorsand buildings maintenance and custodial operations ($875,000) ?All other research, education, public service, administration, andsupport activities ($265,000) 93-397 O - 73 - 53 832 B. Science Information Exchange1972 Appropriation 1973 Appropriation 1974 Estimate$1,600,000 $1,600,000 $1,665,000A funding increase of $65,000 is requested to help meet the essential costs ofmaintaining and developing data input on research in progress as a nationalinformation service to the federal and nonfederal research communities. C. Special Foreign Currency Program1972 Appropriation 1973 Appropriation 1974 Estimate$3,500,000 $3,500,000 $9,000,000The need is to provide adequate support, without a drain on hard dollars, foroverseas archaeological work, systematic and environmental biology, astrophysicaland earth sciences studies, and museum programs. The development and expansion ofregular programs, as well as the opening of important new research possibilities,especially in India, Poland, Pakistan, and Burma, have resulted in a rising demandfor excess foreign currency funds by American institutions of higher learning.The FY 1974 request also urges funding to complete the United States contribution toUNESCO's international campaign to preserve the archaeological monuments in Nubiawith one final payment of $4,000,000 equivalent in "excess" Egyptian pounds. D. Planning, Renovation, Restoration, and Construction1972 Appropriation 1973 Appropriation 1974 Estimate$6,347,000 $18,689,000 $32,070,000Included in the FY 1974 budget are three appropriation requests. An amount of$3,850,000 is required for the National Zoological Park to permit construction ofthe major new lion and tiger exhibit; planning and design of parking, exhibit, andother visitor and staff services; and repairs to existing facilities. Funding of$1,220,000 is sought for restoration, renovation, and improvement of otherSmithsonian buildings and property, including the Mt. Hopkins Observatory. And,an appropriation of $27,000,000 is requested to liquidate the balance of thecontract authority provided in the FY 1973 budget for the construction of theNational Air and Space Museum.Details on each of these operating and construction programs appear in thefollowing sections of this budget. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION "SALARIES AND EXPENSES"Summary of Increase Appropriation Act, FY 1973 $51,633,000FY 1974 Request 56,438,000Requested Increase $ 4,805,000 s? 833 ouooooouioco olco OrocNOrnNO400fO^ > 4-> ul-l CO to2 a c 0]cu h-4 01CJ ca ai OC 1-1 01 J= aOJ?H 33 .OO Ol-l >> 01M i-lOH CO O CJCO CJ H 01 4-1 00ij a o oi vj i-iO 4J -H CB O COA u h uz i*.i-( CO C QJ CO ;*,;>> * CO J 0) 4J a, -at-i U-I a CJ B c CO 3CO O o ?H & C 0) 4-14-1 >j a. o ?u 0001 B 4J o o l-l cl-l 3 0) >-i .-1 T-l >> CO 0)u 0> < H o > CO -C0) 0) -H c ? t- 4-100 3 c C pa w ?Ha CO CO QJ ft ft ft ftcoi-i.-i.-i >JiniDCvHDiBO-INcocooMrnocoaicooHCOOOHriHHH r-ir-~i-(<-noonrHiHMincs|CJCMr^o>r>oocm -a- cm cr\ vo <-\ r-iCN r-l a ovi ^hMa u a <4-i "3 O H oic it -a 4J c oi io >.>.n)cocMcc)00ii-ii-i o ?<;om>oojocjcdaooj cj-hU 4J 0) M QJ B -O S-i X.CJ 01iH4J 01 >,< 01 imiHC4Jed tocooooicooxi4J B C C J3 > C to 3013OO,Cl-i-HO,CCO?H0)-H-H01(UJ3'H4J0]014J4J|-ialCJ4Jl-l013cOcO-HD-il-i?e< 01 01 OJ3 01 O W 4U V4 CJh 3 41 91 M Pu "HS co < oi >l-i .H 14 B MOT3C0OIO0-HO0)ihOCMCCO'-HCOO o q i-i 14-1 4J? O CO CJ oy H UH fl( J HOJ 0) a ra 3 >-icozm cu-ip-i cm4-1 CO U-I 1-1 U-I 1-1 OC1HQ4JCOC4JCO 4J CO o4-1 CO QJ C t4 0) CO01 o y i-i VI u -C?H CJ ?H QJ ?H i-l0) CO U-I 4-1 > U-I ?H01 c 1-1 C ?H U-l B< < o l-l O O 00m ^40 r*. 00 o> O HCO CO CO CO CO * S40mtTN-3i-HO*?>r~vCtS400 CMlCM rH rH -a en r-- o CT\ -a m o\ rH om r-* rH ut mr~ i-H co r? -a- oiNcomiOiniDOimMDHlflNCOm10N>J?HCA(0?acMr~-3rHi-Hinco~acMOrH cm oo O -a- O -? a\ cf\ cm oo oo o oor-4 s?> in \o in o>en cm m en o r? n3 en CT\ tr? om r-^ -a- cm mr~ cm r^ r^ ?a mcM?acJNr-cooeM-3vOOr-~cMONinr^OvocMCMOoooo-a"?J H r^Nj ri in n>j H ts H cm oo O en O en o m o en < o oin o\ oo cm vo oCM rH m en 00 \D \o oo m en inm \o cm m cmm cm m *o ?a iHenr~ejN\o~?oor~inoovom o oU 01 CD CO CO CO xi4-1 c 3w oi o u x; x: o to?H 01 -H -H 4-1 4J ?H01 C cd ?H ?o cd rH0) 4-1 * c S cdns c -H cd < 4-101 x oX cj X 4Jcd u iH o XIo o a l-l 3?H 1-1 M 0) ed toM ?rH o T3 01?, > cd CO? c ed CJ 01<3 w 33 < a: cm co m vo on i-hm m m in in voI I I l l l 3 C > CO rH 0.1H S co corl cd 01 a > ?H 0) cO rH 01 C -H 01 CO CJ ?H01 cd U C to 4-1 !>>-H BCrt u H O 4-1 rH CO c Cd E -a01 CO tH Cd CO >-N , ^BALTIMORE \-J, l/^A^"v RHODE RIVER WATERSHEDRESEA RCH P ROGRAM *CHESAPEAKE BAY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIESPro|itliFollowing is a list of the projects and theprincipal investigators. "SI" indicates Smithsonian Institution;"JHU," The Johns Hopkins University;"UM," The University of Maryland and?USGS." the U.S. Geological Survey. LandImproved Land Use Planning for theWatersheds of Estuaries. A Case Study forChesapeke Bay. J. Kevin Sullivan (SI),David P. Miller (SI).Hydrology of the Rhode River Basin.Edward I Pluhowski (SI-USGS). nd / WontltlolEvaluation of Remotely Sensed Data fromthe Rhode River Estuary Watershed.Francis S. L. Williamson (SI), DaleJenkins (SI), Daniel Higman (SI, SusanWeek (SI) the Rhode Autotrophic and Heterotrophic PhosphorusMetabolism in Microbial Communities.David L. Correll, (SI).Microbiology of Esluarine BiogeochemicalCycles of the Land Water Interface. Rob-ert Ballentine (JHU). Marcia Richards(JHU)The Role of Organic Debris and Associ-ated Organisms in the Detritus-Based FoodChains of the Rhode River Estuarv. ColinRees (UM). Primarily supported with temporary grant and contract funds.Limited direct appropriation provides direction, administrationand a general base of operations, but little in the way ofnecessary sustained, long-term research for maximum resultsfrom the Center's potential. Physical, Chemical & Biological Measuresof Water Quality in the Rhode River.Robert L. Cory (SI-USGS).Studies of the Physical Hydrography ofthe Rhode River Estuary. Donald WPritchard (JHU). Greg Han (JHU).Suspended and Bottom Sediments. JackW. Pierce (SI). Leo A. Barnard (SI).Kinetics of Plankton Production in theRhode River Estuary. Howard H. Seliger,(JHU).Ecology of Rooted Aquatic Vegetation inthe Rhode River Charles H. Southwick.(JHU).Population Ecology of Foraminifera inRelation to Environmental Variables inRhode River. Martin A. Buzas (SI).Trace Metals in the Chesapeake Bay?Biological Aspects. John M. Frazicr(JHU), Edward P. Radford (JHU).Exclusion and Enclosure Experiments toStudy Biological Interactions of BenlhicEsluarine Inverlibrales. Richard Snathmann, (UM).Helerlrophy in Benthic Plan Communities.Raymond A Galloway. (UM).Studies of Esluarine Ciliate Protozoa as aFunction of Environmental Change in theRhode River. Eugene B. Small, (UM).Quantitative Studies of Bacteria InvolvedIn Mineralization and Cycling of Matterin Chesapeake Bay Waters and Sediments.Robert Burchard (UM), Thomas V.Marsho (UM). 855 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program BaseFY 197356 1.070 IncreaseRequested J&Z. 17765 Est.FY 1974 734 219 95362 19 8114 1 1513 2 153 21 246 3 9163 347 51017 168 18558 2 60 1.852 Specification of Increase (Program) :Preparations for the Museum's Opening (20 positions; $765,000 ) . The new National Air andSpace Museum building, now under construction on the Mall, is scheduled to open inJuly 1976 as a major focus of Washington's Bicentennial program. An estimated six millionvisitors a year will visit this center of exhibition, exposition, and education.Preparatory work must be accelerated in FY 1974 to meet the 1976 deadline. -Exhibit units must be conceived, designed, developed, tested in present public space,and stored for later installation in the new building. This requires an additional$470,000. -Key new scientific and technical staff are needed to present a balanced perspectiveto the public on air and space achievements (3 positions; $65,000). -Additional curatorial and mechanical staff must be employed to locate and collectneeded objects for display; conduct the necessary research and documentation to assurethe accuracy of exhibits, labels, and related museum publications; and to restore andprepare aircraft, spacecraft, and associated articles for display. Several hundred objectsrequire such treatment often requiring up to two man years for a single full-sized craft.This work needs an increase of 16 positions and $172,000. -Finally, the development of the large-scale planetarium/spacearium from the prototypeto be opened in March 1973 will require one additional position and $58,000. 856 NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM1972 Actual $ 754,0001973 Appropriation $1,070,0001974 Estimate $1,852,000 In FY 1973, Congress appropriated $40 million ($13 million in constructionfunds and $27 million in contract authority) for construction of the new NationalAir and Space Museum (NASM) building. This building is now under construction andon schedule to be substantially completed and ready for the installation of exhibitsin late summer 1975.When it opens in 1976, the new museum must contain enough inspiring, involving,and entertaining exhibits and presentations so that it can serve as a premiere airand space museum and as a feature attraction on the Mall during the Bicentennialyear. The budget request for FY 1974 recognizes that work must be accelerated inFY 1974 to be ready for 1976. Exhibit units must be conceived, scripted, anddesigned. Aircraft and space vehicles must be restored. Special shows need to bedeveloped for the Spacearium and ultra wide screen theater in the auditorium.The staff must be augmented to accomplish all of these objectives.To meet these needs, a program increase of $765,000 is requested for FY 1974.An additional amount of $17,000 is sought for necessary pay for current staff.Need for IncreaseExhibits Scripting, Design, and Advanced Development ($470,000)An accelerated exhibits program costing an additional $470,000 (on a base ofabout $150,000) will be initiated so that the July 4, 1976, opening of the newMuseum building presents the message of air and space achievement in a totaleducational, inspirational, and involving context to the American public. FY 1974is critical for the initiation of this major effort. Existing exhibit hall space,primarily in the Arts and Industries Building, must be used and reused toprototype and validate scripts, audio-visual modules, labels, graphics, andelectromechanical demonstration units. These will, upon completion of a validationperiod, be dismantled, preserved, and stored so that the new Museum can open in1976 with sufficient exhibits of a caliber matched to the high quality of the newbuilding and the expectations of the American public.Specifically, in FY 1974, the requested funds will be used to support thefollowing activities:1. Design and develop exhibit units for eight halls. These are: understandingair and space technology; V-STOLS, V-TOLS, and rotary wing aircraft; mannedsatellites and space probes; early rocketry; early commercial aviation, generalaviation; the X airplanes; and World War II aviation.2. Design, develop prototype of, and test central control system, includingprogram and information tape systems, solid state control systems, and a centralfunctional test and alarm system. This system will be used to monitor from asingle central point the wide variety and range of operating exhibits, audio-visual,and visitor participation devices that will be used in order to detect and correctquickly malfunctioning equipment.3. Rental of environmentally controlled exhibit storage space for pre-1976storage of replaced exhibit units in the developmental program. An estimated13,000 square feet of space will be required on a phased basis. Part year rentalfunds are requested in the FY 1974 budget. 857 4. Special evaluative studies of exhibits in order to assure maximum visitoreducation and enjoyment.Science and Technology Department (3 positions; $65,000 )This department will be expanded by the appointment of two curators and oneclerical employee ($53,000) and the addition of $12,000 program funds. Thisincrease is necessary to establish, for the Museum as a whole, a balancedperspective on air and space achievement. Major pre-1976 emphasis will be onpreexhibit research for exhibit units of primary importance to the Museum openingdate. For example, thematic units planned for design and construction, etc.,which will need an intensive research and scripting input from this new departmentare: 1. The Earthbound Benefits from Flight2. The X Airplanes3. Understanding Air and Space Technology4. Flight, Space, and Planetary EnvironmentsAll of the above and similar thematic units will require the curatorial supervisionof personnel intensively trained and experienced in various scientific andtechnological disciplines. The proposed new curatorial staff are a geologist/geodesist (extraterrestrial and terrestrial) and a technology applications andutilization specialist.Specimen Collections, Research, Preservation, and Restoration (16 positions;$172,000 )A staff increase of nine mechanics and helpers (to the current staff of 23)is requested so that it will be possible to use most profitably the three yearsbefore the NASM opening date for the preparation of aircraft, spacecraft,electronic equipment, computers, and subsystems needed for NASM building exhibits.Restoration and preparation work is now underway on several air and spacecraft, butseveral hundred additional objects, including some 30-40 full size original craft,remain to be prepared for display. Many of these objects will individually requiretwo man-years work. This additional staffing will cost $64,000 with a further$10,000 needed for restoration and preservation materials, services, and equipment.Companion activities will include substantial efforts of the aeronautics andastronautics departments to locate and collect needed vehicles, subsystems, andcomponents, and to curate the use of these in the exhibits program. Six additionalcuratorial positions and a clerk typist for these two departments will be required.The new professional positions include specialists in helicopter, STOL, hydrofoil,and air cushion vehicles, military and general aviation, aeronautical transportation,manned and unmanned satellites, and launch vehicles and guided missiles. The newpositions will cost $94,000 with $4,000 for program support.Experimentarium/Spacearium (1 position; $58,000 )The transition of the small-scale experimentarium operation, to be opened tothe public in the old Air and Space Building in March 1973, into the large-scaleeducation and involvement role anticipated for the Spacearium in the new buildingwill be initiated in FY 1974. The basic set of experimentarium audio-visuals willhave been developed and an initial presentation will be scripted and automated.The requested small staff increase (a planetarium technician at a cost of $10,000)plus $48,000 for services and equipment will expedite and facilitate the developmentof sophisticated audio-visuals and more complex and innovative presentations. Afully staffed spacearium operation will emerge in FYs 1975 and 1976, but FY 1974will represent major progress towards the goal. 858 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase BaseFY 197312 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974 117 39 15610 3 1310 3 133 3 61 198 23 1212 1 32 2 4 243 74 .117 Pay Increase.Program 470 Specification of Increase (Program) :Comparative Immigrant and Ethnic Studies Program (3 positions; $70,000 ) . Supported withtemporary grant funds, this program is currently conducting basic research onimmigration patterns (cause and effect) in the U.S., Canada, the circum-Caribbean area,and the Panama Canal Zone. As no major studies of immigrants have been made for over20 years, the knowledge gained through this study will provide a current basis for theformulation of immigration policy and understanding its impact on social establishments.In order to continue this important research the addition of a program director, aresearch assistant, and a secretary ($38,000) is requested. Support funds ($32,000)for travel, short-term special research contracts, and field equipment are also requested. 859CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN1972 Actual $202,0001973 Appropriation $243,0001974 Estimate $317,000 The Center for the Study of Man coordinates research and development on aseries of important anthropological programs. The American Indian Program ispresently concerned primarily with the development of the 20 volume Encyclopediaof North American Indians . Another aspect of this program is the development of asystem for providing scholarly educational materials concerning Indians toindividuals, schools, and Indian communities. In addition, the Center helps tocoordinate educational intercommunication among Indians themselves, with scholars,and with appropriate government and private agencies.The urgent anthropology program identifies, publicizes, and finances, bymeans of small grants, needed research in geographical areas that are undergoingrapid environmental change as a result of urbanization, improved communications,better transportation, and other factors. The objective is to salvage and preserveinformation in selected rapidly changing areas before time and events erase ourability to understand the cultures that existed.The cross-cultural data retrieval program is coordinating the efforts ofnumerous anthropologists and other human scientists in developing new, comparativeinformation on population, environmental, and educational studies.The FY 1974 budget requests an additional $70,000 program funds for immigrationand ethnic studies and $4,000 necessary pay for staff.Need for IncreaseThe comparative immigrant and ethnic studies program, initially funded throughtemporary grant funds, is carrying out basic research in the U.S., Canada, thecircum-Caribbean area and the Panama Canal Zone. It investigates the specialconditions which stimulate immigration, assesses the contributions made byimmigrants, and studies the effects of immigration on the source country and onthe target country. Field research, archival research, and statistical methods areall used.The research area covered by this program has been badly neglected by modernsocial science. There have been no major studies of new immigrants for over 20years. Consequently, there is presently no knowledge of new immigrants from theCaribbean area despite the fact that they constitute a substantial portion ofmigrants to the U.S. It is imperative that studies be carried out on the patternsof migration especially from Central America and the Canal Zone because of therapid changes presently taking place in those areas.Comparative cultural ethnic studies will produce useful and importantinformation for all agencies dealing with migrants. The knowledge gained fromthese studies will also be helpful in understanding labor recruitment, investmentpatterns, education, etc. These studies on basic immigration policy will behelpful to officials responsible for legislation in that field. The implicationsof migration for basic population policy will be thoroughly explored in thisresearch.In order to continue these studies a program director, a research assistant,and a secretary ($38,000) are required with support funds ($32,000) for travel,short-term special research contracts, and field equipment. 860 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 (Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARKBase IncreaseFY 1973 Requested 4.166 JM. 90150 Est.FY 19742862,924 92 3,016249 8 25717 5 223 3178 5 1838 4 12136 77 213466 32 498184 16 2001 1 2 4 . 4Q6 Specification of Increase (Program) : Directions and Exhibits Program ($93,000 ). Although major improvements to displayingthe large and varied collections of animals must await the renovation of the Zoo, moreimmediate steps can be taken to produce educational exhibits that will identify andexplain the collection. Funds are sought for contract design and fabrication of thekind of exhibits seen in modern zoos ($70,000). An amount of $23,000 is also requestedfor utilities and routine services, supplies, and equipment.Operations and Maintenance ($30,000 ) . These funds are sought to meet the increasingcosts of building materials, gardening and tree maintenance supplies, vehicle repairparts, miscellaneous equipment and to provide for seasonal temporary employees.Zoological Programs ($27,000 ). An amount of $16,000 is needed to meet steadily risingprices of animal food and veterinary supplies. Uniforms and equipment for keepers andother personnel require an additional $7,000. Funds are requested to cover the cost ofcontractual research projects and meeting page charges and other research publicationcosts ($4,000). 861NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK1972 Actual $3,827,0001973 Appropriation $4,166,0001974 Estimate $4,406,000 The National Zoological Park was established in 1889 for the "advancement ofscience and the instruction and recreation of the people." To accomplish thismission, the Zoo exhibits a broad collection of animals (3,200 animals of over1,100 species) representing one of the largest and most varied collections ofexotic animals in existence, maintains an information and education program forthe visiting public from all over the United States, and promotes scientificresearch, including biomedical programs, for increased scientific knowledge andfor the health of the animals.Continued progress has been made in improving the quality of the animalcollection. The outstanding improvement was the acquisition of the two GiantPandas. Greater emphasis is also being placed on increasing Zoo births. Thisis accomplished by pairing unmated animals, maintaining breeding groups, andconducting research in reproductive behavior of endangered species, such as theGolden Marmoset. Such a program not only reflects good conservation practicesbut is essential in view of increasing scarcity of many species and the highercosts to obtain them.For FY 1974, a program increase of $150,000 is requested to meet the risingcosts of operating items and services; to provide for the fabrication of exhibits;to purchase scientific publications; and to hire temporary employees for seasonalwork. An additional $90,000 is required for necessary pay increases.Need for IncreaseOffice of Director ($93,000 )The office of the director plans and directs all Zoo programs. It coordinatesthe activities and functions of the planning and design office, develops andmaintains the Zoo's educational program, and furnishes general administrativeservices. Administrative services include the protection service program andbudget, fiscal, supply, and procurement functions. The animal acquisition programis under the direction of this office.The Zoo's collection of animals has great public educational potential insubjects such as wildlife conservation. Educational exhibits are being constructedto illustrate to visitors the animals shrinking environment and the problems facingman in his attempt to revitalize the animals habitat. To identify and explain theseliving collections more effectively to the public by showing them in more naturalsettings, materials such as molded fiberglass are extensively used to simulate rocks,tree stumps, plants, etc. Plans for continuing the fabrication work, which beganin FY 1973, will be accomplished by contractual service. Funds are requested forcontinuing to update the educational exhibits and to continue fabrication work($70,000).Additional funds are also sought to meet the rising costs of utilities androutine contractual services, supplies, materials, equipment, and travel ($23,000). 862 Operations and Maintenance ($30,000)The operations and maintenance department has responsibility for allmaintenance and supporting services. These include: ?Maintenance and repairs: maintaining all heating plants and air conditioningand repairing 15 major buildings and a wide range of cages and otherfacilities. This division also performs renovation and minor construction,builds nest boxes, shipping crates, exhibits, and other needed items. ?Grounds: maintaining and improving the 156 acres of trees, lawns, shrubs,flower beds, and indoor plantings. ?Transportation and automotive maintenance: maintaining all automotivevehicles and operation of trucks and heavy equipment. ?Labor services: performing trash collection, sweeping of streets and walks,snow removal, and public and staff custodial services.An amount of $30,000 is needed to meet the increasing cost of services,supplies, and equipment for these essential duties and to provide for temporarymechanical, custodial, and other employees for seasonal work.Department of Zoological Programs($27,000 )The department of zoological programs conducts animal care, animal health,pathology, and scientific research programs. The Zoo collection is a majorscientific resource. For this reason, facilities and assistance are often providedto scientists from federal agencies and universities.Additional funding ($16,000) is requested to offset the rising costs ofanimal food and veterinary supplies. The replacement prices for sundry supplies,uniforms, and equipment have also risen sharply. Funds are sought to cover thisincrease ($7,000).Investigations undertaken in the Zoo and in research projects have yieldednumerous scientific publications. It is frequently necessary to contractvarious portions of these research projects to professionals to avoid long-termcommitment to personnel. Additional funds ($4,000) are sought to cover the costsof publications and to contract portions of the research projects. 863SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HISTORY AND ART(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 19749 - 9160 3 16315 154 41 11 11 12 2 184 3 187 Pay Increase.Program Specification of Increase (Program) ;The Office of the Assistant Secretary for History and Art advises and assists theSecretary in planning, implementing and reviewing the progress of Smithsonian historyand art programs. It also includes the American Studies program, which organizes andconducts a formal program of graduate education in the material aspects of Americancivilization, and the Joseph Henry Papers project to gather, edit, and publish themanuscripts of Joseph Henry (1797-1878) , a pioneer American physicist and firstSecretary of the Smithsonian Institution. No program fund increase is requested inthe FY 1974 budget for these activities. 93-397 O - 73 - 55 864 OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HISTORY AND ART1972 Actual $221,0001973 Appropriation $184,0001974 Estimate $187,000 The Office of the Assistant Secretary for History and Art advises and assiststhe Secretary in planning, implementing, and reviewing progress of Smithsonianhistory and art programs. This office assists in planning, coordinating, andreviewing the work of the Institution's various history and art bureaus and offices.The bureaus and offices reporting to the Assistant Secretary for History and Art areArchives of American Art, Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Decorative Arts and Design, FreerGallery of Art, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, National Armed Forces MuseumAdvisory Board, National Collection of Fine Arts, National Museum of History andTechnology, National Portrait Gallery, Office of Academic Studies, Office ofAmerican Studies, Office of Seminars, Smithsonian Archives, Joseph Henry Papers,and the Bicentennial of the American Revolution.Included in the funding identified for this Office are the American Studiesand the Joseph Henry Papers projects. The Office of American Studies organizes andconducts a formal program of graduate education in the material aspects of Americancivilization. This office also participates in the overall program of historical,archaeological, and architectural history research at St. Mary's City, Maryland,funded by the state of Maryland, National Endowment for the Humanities, RockefellerFoundation, and other foundations. The Editor of the Joseph Henry Papers and hisstaff have been gathering and preparing for publication the manuscripts of JosephHenry (1797-1878) , a pioneer American physicist and first Secretary of theSmithsonian Institution. Volume one of a multi-volume set was published inDecember 1972. These are to be included in the documentary publications program ofthe National Historical Publications Commission.No program fund increase is sought for this office. An amount of $3,000 isrequested for necessary pay. 865SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY(Dollars in thousands) BaseFY 1973 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase 1642,151 82 2 ,233183 8 19138 3812 126 6198 85 28322 22225 30 255 2,835 205 3 ,040 Pay Increase.Program 55150 Specification of Increase (Program) : Collections Management (3 positions; $100,000) . The national historical collections nowcontain more than 16,000,000 items which are inadequately preserved, stored, recorded,and catalogued. In order to ensure the security of the collections and increase theiraccessibility to researchers, a computerized inventory of the collections is beingdeveloped and overall registration procedures improved. For FY 1974 three positions($34,000)?a collections packer, an inspector and photographer, and a clerk typist ? are required to improve receipt and registration procedures. In addition funds ($66,000)are requested for the design and equipping of a modern records management and inventorysystem.Prevention of Deterioration of Objects ($50,000) . Preservation of objects on exhibitand in study collections is an area of continuing concern. Minimal funding allowed forthis purpose has limited preservation and restoration to stop-gap measures. To preventfurther deterioration to collections and exhibits, improved storage equipment andmethods ($30,000) and contract services to augment in-house preservation work ($20,000)are required. 866 NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY1972 Actual $2,457,0001973 Appropriation $2,835,0001974 Estimate $3,040,000 The National Museum of History and Technology (NMHT) occupies a uniqueposition among the great museums of the world. As the repository of the NationalCollections documenting the historical and technological achievements of theAmerican people, the Museum has responsibility for over 16,000,000 objects relatedto all facets of the American experience. Each of these objects must receive thehighest level of professional care and preservation and must be stored andexhibited using the best techniques available.Since opening in 1964, the NMHT has provided a variety and richness of publicexhibits seen by over 50,000,000 visitors. The Museum annually receives morevisitors than any other building in Washington, D. C. and millions more than anyother museum in the world. As the most visited museum in the world, it will behost to almost 7,000,000 visitors during FY 1973. It is anticipated that thisfiqure will more than double by the Bicentennial year, 1976.As a center for the scholarly study of the history of American civilizationand the history of science and technology, this Museum continues to support andencourage basic research and publication in many subject fields, ranging from earlyexploration to studies of contemporary American culture.For FY 1974, an additional $150,000 in program funds is requested for thedevelopment and operation of the new collections management and computerizedinventory programs of the national historical collections and the prevention ofdeterioration of objects in storage and on public view. An amount of $55,000 isneeded for necessary pay for current staff.Need for IncreaseThe NMHT has skyrocketed to a position of world prominence in the nine yearsit has been open to the public. Extremely heavy attendance has overtaxed thisMuseum's financial and staffing capability in some vital professional areas. Ithas limited the implementation of some innovative programs and demonstrations inpublic areas. Existing shortages must now be corrected to avert a reversal of thepatternof success.The size of the NMHT collections continues to increase by tens of thousandsof items each year. While maintaining its unique position in acquiring,preserving, and exhibiting the nation's historical treasures, the NMHT hasdeveloped a huge backlog of essential documentation and storage problems.Continually restricted annual budgets have precluded an adequate level of curating.In addition, some anticipated collections management expenditures had to bepostponed due to the unexpectedly high costs of reopening fire damaged publicexhibit areas. The national historical collections now contain more than16,000,000 items which are inadequately preserved, stored, recorded, and cataloged.No overall museum-wide registration system now exists although a limited beginninghas been made in FY 1973 with the establishment of an Office of CollectionsManagement . The purpose of the Collections Management Office of the National Museum ofHistory and Technology is to plan, coordinate, and administer a total registrationprogram for the security, cataloging, and preservation of all the objects curatedby this museum. The size and variety of the collections, coupled with decades ofoutmoded procedures, require careful, planned research in developing a standardized, 867 modern system. All work elements and all associated records systems for the careand custody of objects will be analyzed and improved: receipt, fumigation,storage, relocation, packing and shipment, cataloging, etc. In addition, policieswill be developed to assist the curators In determining (1) what is essential tocollect in the future; (2) what can be eliminated?and how?from existingcollections.Descriptive cataloging by the curatorial units is essential as the firstmajor step in developing a complete inventory of the National Collections. Bylate 1974, the first stages of system reorganization may be completed, and themassive computerization phase will begin. The ultimate goal of this long-rangeprogram is a computerized information retrieval system based on accuratecataloging, which will for the first time make NMHT holdings readily accessibleto researchers.For FY 1974, three positions?a collections packer, an inspector andphotographer, and a clerk typist?are requested to improve receipt, shipment,registration procedures, and security controls. This cost ($34,000) will augmentthe skeleton Office of Collections Management staff organized in FY 1973. It isestimated that the Office will be staffed by twelve persons by 1980. DuringFY 1974, funds ($66,000) are also requested to design and begin to equip a securemuseum-wide modern records management and inventory system. During FY 1973, limited starts were made in replacement of inadequate storageequipment in collection storage rooms. This effort will be re-emphasized inFY 1974, and it is anticipated that the annual cost will be $50,000 per year forfive years; $30,000 in new funding is requested for FY 1974 equipment replacementin collections needing unusual security.Limited starts have also been made in securing the temporary services ofoutside experts in the fields of collection preservation and restoration ofobjects on exhibit and in study collections. Inadequate funding has limitedpreservation and restoration to stop-gap measures. As the new collectionsmanagement program develops, increasing emphasis will be placed on this activity,which has the highest priority. Increased funding of $20,000 is requested.Estimates indicate this activity will continue Indefinitely at an annual cost of$50,000 ($30,000 of which is provided by the existing operating base). 868 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Coram. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase . Program BaseFY 197375 1,396 IncreaseRequested 97 2275 Est.FY 197477982 48 1,03085 4 8922 2215 151 17 7172 25 19737 20 5775 75 1,493 Specification of Increase (Program) : Renwick Gallery (2 positions; $75,000 ). Currently, the exhibition program of theRenwick Gallery is dependent on the support that can be provided by the existing,limited NCFA staff. A permanent support staff with an adequate budget must be providedif the Renwick's important program is to continue. A curator of exhibits is needed($16,000) to supervise the production of Renwick exhibitions, and $40,000 is requiredfor exhibition costs. Rising costs in installation, packing, shipping, and insurancehave had a particularly acute effect on the Gallery which is primarily concerned withborrowed objects of considerable bulk. To extend the NCFA's effective public educationprogram to the Renwick Gallery, an assistant curator of education ($14,000) and $5,000of additional funds for materials and other expenses are necessary. 869NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS1972 Actual $1,221,0001973 Appropriation $1,396,0001974 Estimate $1,493,000 The National Collection of Fine Arts (NCFA) , the oldest national collectionof art (containing some 15,000 works of art), is devoted to the conservation,study, and presentation of American painting, sculpture, prints and drawings, and,in the newly opened Renwick Gallery, American design and crafts. It presentsexhibitions both In this country and abroad, maintains an active program of publiceducation at all levels, engages in research and publication on American artists,and maintains (with the National Portrait Gallery) a widely-used reference libraryand a laboratory for conservation and conservation research in American painting.Almost all exhibitions are formulated and produced in the museum itself.During FY 1973, twenty-seven exhibitions will be presented in the galleries,several of them major exhibitions with major catalogs; such as, "The Hand and theSpirit," "Alfred Maurer," "Lilly Martin Spencer," "Objects for Preparing Food,"and "The Ceramic Art of Natzler." The schedule thus far for FY 1974 includes theproduction of fourteen exhibitions.In addition to the staging of exhibitions in FY 1973 and 1974, the NCFA iscontinuing its program of opening new galleries for more extensive display of thepermanent collections. Eight permanent galleries were installed in FY 1973.Seven of these spaces had never been used before as galleries. The LincolnGallery was damaged by Metro construction. It constitutes almost half of thepermanent display area and will be redesigned, taking into account the newentranceway coming from the Portrait Gallery. The NCFA also is movingforward with a permanent Gallery of Portrait Miniatures. There is an urgentneed for adequate storage of the collection not on view. This will requirethe installation of sliding racks in the existing storage area and themodification of an area of the garage for storing frames and large sculpture.The public education program is an essential and closely integrated partof the museum's operation. The staff maintains close contact with the Districtof Columbia schools and with educational programs elsewhere. It also trainsand supervises a crew of eighty-five volunteer docents for the two museums.During the three months' period, October, November, and December, 1972,these docents conducted one-hundred and fourteen tours for nearly fivethousand visitors.In FY 1973 the museum added to its program of visiting scholars aprogram of museum training, offering practical internship in all phases ofmuseum operation. Participants in the program include nine students fromGeorge Washington University, thirteen summer interns, and two full-yearinterns.The requested program increase of $75,000 will be used to support theexhibition and education programs of the Renwick Gallery, opened in January1972. The operation of an active and effective program in this separate,historic building requires support not provided for in the previous NCFA budgets.An additional $22,000 is needed for pay for the existing staff.Need for IncreaseThe Renwick Gallery is devoted to the study and exhibition of American craftand design, both past and present. A recent popular exhibition "American PiecedQuilts" is illustrated on a following page. It also hosts small exhibitions of 870 art from other countries. During the first full year of operation, it has beenvisited by about '200,000 persons. Its active exhibition program, callingattention to American crafts and craftsmen, has been supported by the productionstaff of the NCFA, which is limited even in its ability to respond to NCFA needs.A permanent support staff with an adequate budget must be provided if theRenwick's important program is to continue. A curator of exhibits is needed($16,000) to supervise the production of Renwick exhibitions, and $40,000 isrequired for exhibition costs. Rising costs in installation, packing, shipping,and insurance have had a particularly acute effect on the Renwick Gallery whichis concerned primarily with borrowed objects of considerable bulk. To extend theNCFA's effective public education program to the Renwick Gallery, an assistantcurator of education ($14,000) and $5,000 of additional funds for materials andother expenses are necessary. 871 m WfkJkf,.. y?. rgw*My I *fc* 872SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 (Dollars in thousands) NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERYBase Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 1974No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program 1.052 627 15 64253 1 5420 2019 1910 105 596 9658 58164 164 _1*_ 16 1.Q68 Specification of Increase (Program) :The National Portrait Gallery's activities include: (1) the expansion and care ofits collections; (2) public education through the exhibition of the permanent collectionand specially organized temporary exhibitions; (3) the preparation and nationaldistribution of scholarly and popular publications related to these exhibitions; and(4) the compilation of a definitive Catalog of American Portraits, constituting a uniqueinformation resource in the areas of American history and biography, art, and iconography.No program fund increase is sought in the FY 1974 budget request. 873NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY1972 Actual $ 924,0001973 Appropriation $1,052,0001974 Estimate $1,068,000 The National Portrait Gallery is the only national museum of American historythat tells the history of this nation primarily in terms of the men and women whomade that history. The portraits of these men and women are crucial documents ofhistorical evidence and bear strong witness to the roles these people have playedin the American experience.The Gallery's activities include: (1) the expansion and care of its collections;(2) public education through the exhibition of the permanent collection andspecially organized temporary exhibitions; (3) the preparation and nationaldistribution of scholarly and popular publications related to these exhibitions;and (4) the compilation of a definitive Catalog of American Portraits, constitutinga unique information resource in the areas of American history and biography, art,and iconography.Nearly 200 portraits were added to the permanent collection in FY 1972 and1973, including 69 by gift. Among the gifts were portraits of two Presidents newto the collection, Grover Cleveland and Richard Nixon; purchases included portraitsof Presidents Zachary Taylor and Thomas Jefferson, also hitherto unrepresented.Curatorial researchers and the staff and facilities of the Catalog of AmericanPortraits have provided expert assistance in uncovering and studying portraits,locating items for special exhibitions, and responding to a variety of publicrequests for information. Wider knowledge of the Gallery's services and programswill help to elicit more gifts, but substantial federal funds also are vital forthe acquisition of portraits which can only be added by purchase, if the Galleryis to build a collection worthy of the nation's history. "If Elected..." Unsuccessful Candidates for the Presidency, 1796-1968 ,including 80 portraits and over 500 objects related to candidates and campaigns,was a highly popular exhibit visited by over 150,000 persons. A 512-page monographon the subject, an educational booklet, slide set, and a teaching guide accompaniedthe show and are being distributed nationally. A smaller exhibition and relatedpublication on the Lazzaroni , a group of mid-nineteenth century scientists, wereprepared in conjunction with the meetings in Washington of the American Associationfor the Advancement of Science. In April 1973 the Gallery will present TheAfro-American in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1800 , an exhibition detailing the roleplayed by blacks during the formative years of our nation. Related educationalmaterials also will be produced.In April the Gallery also will have completed a book entitled "In the Mindsand Hearts of the People" - Prologue to War 1760-1774 to be published incooperation with the New York Graphic Society. It will accompany an exhibition ofthe same title to open in the Spring of 1974, which will be the first of theGallery's Bicentennial exhibitions. The regular Gallery exhibitions scheduled forFY 1974, now in various stages of preparation, include "Contemporary AmericanPortraits", "Two Centuries of American Self-Portraits", and a small exhibitionmarking the sesquicentennial of the signing of the Monroe Doctrine. Theseexhibitions will be accompanied by monographs and other educational publicationsand materials available for national distribution.The expanded exhibition schedule for FY 1974 reflects the addition of 10,000square feet of exhibition area through renovation of the 3rd floor mezzanine areaand the air conditioning and refurbishing of the 7th Street first floor area. Inaddition to the special exhibitions listed above, the Gallery plans to up-grade 874the installation of its permanent collection in a manner more closely parallelingthese exhibitions, adding associative items and audio visual materials.The education department has trained two dozen volunteer docents and for thefirst time offers regularly scheduled weekday tours of the permanent collection aswell as a variety of special educational services both in the museum and inclassrooms. These programs reached over 3,000 students during the first threemonths of the current school year, as well as several hundred adults. Plans forFY 1974 include an orientation room on the history and purposes of portraiture, aworkshop program exploring methods of executing portraits, the preparation ofeducational publications and slide kits related to FY 1974 special exhibitions, aswell as the permanent collection, for school and public use.No program increase is sought for this Gallery. An amount of $16,000 isrequested for necessary pay purposes. 875 &&& .Wi '?lam*1 All Gallery exhibitions are accompanied by major monographs such as this 512-pagestudy and a variety of educational publications, teaching guides, and slide sets. 876 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 197423 14 37350 138 48828 12 4010 5 152 9 1148 -24 241 4 5110 11014 7 21603 2 605 1,166 153 1,,319 3150 Specification of Increase (Program) : Preparations for Opening and Operating the Museum (14 positions; $150,000 ) . A continuedphased increase in staff is required to provide the professional and curatorial supportneeded to organize and activate the new Museum, scheduled to open in 1974. Therequested 14 additional personnel ($147,000) are primarily technical and support staffincluding museum specialists, technicians and aides, clerical personnel, and personnelto staff conservation and framing shops. Also included are professional levelpersonnel to supervise the exhibits and educational programs. Support funds in theamount of $3,000 are also requested. No additional appropriations are sought forfurnishing and equipping the Museum and Sculpture Garden. Base funds are adequate tomeet this need. 877 HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN1972 Actual $ 623,0001973 Appropriation $1,166,0001974 Estimate $1,319,000 The Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, now under construction on theMall, will house a magnificent gift to the nation of outstanding modern paintingsand sculpture. Although the renowned sculptures in the collection rangehistorically from antiquity to the present, the depth of the representation ofmajor sculptures of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is unique. Thepaintings in the collection are primarily twentieth century. Beginning with suchprecursors as Thomas Eakins and Winslow Homer, the course of modern Americanpainting is extensively covered. Complementing the American section is a stronggroup of significant European paintings of the past three decades. For museumofficials, scholars, students, and publishers, the Hirshhorn Museum collectioncontinues to be a major source of documentation in the field of modern art.The Act of November 7, 1966, authorized construction of the Museum anddesignated the Mall site. Building construction began in March 1970 and isestimated to be substantially completed in June 1973. All phases of the work arepresently geared to prepare for the opening of the Museum by the spring of 1974.See Figure I for the schedule of major activities.The requested program increase of $150,000 represents the overall requirementsfor the addition of necessary staff and for other expenditures related to occupyingthe completed building and scheduling the opening exhibition in FY 1974. Anadditional amount of $3,000 is sought for necessary pay for the current staff.Need for IncreasePreparing for the Opening and Operating of the Museum (14 positions; $150,000 )The operating staff of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden must beexpanded in FY 1974 to provide the professional and curatorial support needed toorganize and activate a major Museum. Additional staff will be required to conducta full and balanced program of exhibitions, educational activities, research andcuration, and technical support.The budget plans for FY 1973 had contemplated a staffing increase from 21 toabout 35 positions to be funded in part by the savings resulting from the plannedreduction of expenditures for conservation and restoration of the collections.In view of the delay in the completion and occupancy of the building, the FY 1973staffing level will be held to about 23 positions with an accelerated build-up inFY 1974 to coincide with the completion of the building and the scheduled openingexhibition date of May 1974. Savings resulting from this action have been used toobtain essential furnishings and equipment for the building interior, thus reducingthe level of additional new funds required for this purpose (see following section) . The requested 14 additional personnel in the 1974 budget are primarilytechnical and support staff including museum specialists, technicians and aides,clerical personnel, and personnel to staff conservation and framing shops. Alsoincluded are professional level personnel to supervise the exhibits and educationalprograms ($147, 000 ) . Funds are in the budget request for other contractual service costs related tothe collections, photography to document the collections for exhibits and researchpurposes, and supplies and materials to operate the new Museum. Funds have alsobeen included in this request for transportation and movement of household goods of 878personnel transferring with the collection to Washington, D. C, as well as foressential professional travel of senior administrative and curatorial personnel($3,000).Furnishing and Equipping the Museum and Sculpture Garden (No new funds requested )Construction funding of $16,000,000 ($15,000,000 appropriated by Congress anda $1,000,000 gift by Mr. Hirshhorn) will provide a basic museum building, includingnecessary utility equipment, i.e. heating, air conditioning, etc. This amount doesnot permit the museum to be outfitted to the degree necessary for public exhibitionsand museum programs. It does not provide storage facilities for the collection,furnishings and equipment for exhibit and other public areas, or office andlaboratory furniture and equipment. The FY 1973 budget request identified anonrecurring requirement for about $1,400,000 for these purposes. Savings in thebase as a result of the decline in expenditures for conservation and restoration ofthe collection enabled the Museum to purchase about $160,000 of storage screens inFY 1972. The FY 1973 appropriation of $500,000 specifically for equipment andfurnishings, combined with continued personnel cost savings in the base, will permitthe Museum to purchase an additional $600,000 of these items in the current year(including the remainder of the storage screens) . The balance of the furnishingsand equipment will be purchased in FY 1974. No increase in appropriations will berequired for this purpose.The FY 1974 funds will be used for furnishings and equipment for exhibitgalleries and laboratory spaces ($145,000); security systems and auditoriumequipment ($117,000); furniture for public areas ($213,000); and other itemssuch as tour guide systems ($125,000). figure IJOSEPH H. HIRSHHORN MUSEUM & SCULPTURE GARDENSchedule of Major Activities - FY 1972-1974 1973 1974 1974itji-y apr au Building Construction Planning and Installation of Opening Exhibit I I I [Equipment - Furnishings for lnterlo i ? rrCatalog of Opening Exhibition - Manu Publisher 8/1/72 Transfer of Colle of Collection (Compute Research Permanent Collection Develop Education Progr I I I z 879SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 FREER GALLERY OF ART(Dollars In thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction. . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants BaseFY 197314 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974 12311 5 12811 91429 91429 TOTALAnalysis of Increase 186 231.Pay Increase.Program Specification of Increase (Program) :The Freer Gallery of Art has a continuing program to search for works- of art ofthe highest quality to be added to the collections, especially Far and Near EasternArt, and to display, conserve, and study the objects in the collection as keys tounderstanding the civilizations that produced them. No program fund increase isrequested for FY 1974. 93-397 O - 73 - 56 880FREER GALLERY OF ART1972 Actual $ 78,0001973 Appropriation. $186,0001974 Estimate $191,000 The Freer Gallery of Art houses one of the world's most distinguishedcollections of Far and Near Eastern art. Included in the collection are over10,000 works of art from China, Japan, Korea, India, and the Near East. Thecollection covers paintings, sculptures, and other objects in stone, wood, lacquer,jade, pottery, porcelain, bronze, gold, and silver. Items not currently onexhibition and the library of 40,000 volumes are available and used extensively bythe Gallery's staff and numerous visiting scholars and students.The two-fold program envisaged by the Gallery's founder involves thecontinuing search for works of the highest quality to be added to the collectionsand the study and display of these objects as keys to understanding thecivilizations that produced them. As a result of international developments,interest in the cultures of the Far and Near East in the United States has grownat a substantial rate. Each year there has been an increase in the number ofpeople who visit the Gallery and in the number of collectors, students, andscholars who ask staff members for assistance and use the collection, libraryand conservation facilities.In FY 1973 significant improvements have been made in the level of Federalfunding for the Gallery consistent with the terms of the Deed of Gift. Theseadditional funds are of great assistance in carrying forward the basic program ofcare and maintenance of the collection and the building, as well as in permittingthe Gallery to develop its community service and scholarship activities. Similarimprovements made in the level of private income as a result of new investmentpolicies will strengthen the Gallery's ability to augment its collections, andproduce research publications and exhibitions as part of the 50th Anniversaryprogram.These programs will continue in FY 1974. No program fund increase is soughtin the budget year. An amount of $5,000 is requested for necessary pay purposes. 881SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction. . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 197411 1 12136 18 15411 1 124 42 210 1017 175 6 133 2 52 4 6 190 33 223 330 Specification of Increase (Program) : Development of Western Regional Office and Other Archival Costs (1 position; $30,000) .The Western Regional Office, located in the deYoung Museum in San Francisco, has beenopened on a part-time basis. In order to more fully develop the ability to locate,attract and acquire valuable collections as well as provide a center for scholars tostudy American Art, this regional office requires the services of a full-time director($16,000) and funds for other support costs ($4,000). This branch makes available thefull resources of the Archives to all interested publics.The Archives is continually seeking new additions to its current collections,estimated to be three million items on microfilm, five million original items, tapedinterviews, and photographs. During FY 1974 costs of acquiring new additions areexpected to be $5,000. These costs are for microfilm, equipment, and processingexpenses . The Archives oral history program, begun in 1959 through grants from the artcommunity, now has more than twelve hundred transcripts of interviews with artists,dealers, collectors and administrators. In order to continue this important program,funding of $5,000 for interviewing and processing costs is requested. 882ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART1972 Actual $193,0001973 Appropriation $190,0001974 Estimate $223,000 The Archives of American Art is committed to aiding research and scholarshipin the history of the visual arts in this country from prior to the RevolutionaryWar period to the present time. It acquires, organizes, and preserves the primarydocumentation needed by historians?the correspondence, diaries, business papers,and photographs of painters, sculptors, critics, dealers, and collectors, and theformal records of galleries, museums, and art societies. These collections ofpapers are cataloged, microfilmed, and made available to scholars. Several millionoriginal and microfilm items are now held.The processing and chief reference center of the Archives is located in spaceprovided by the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallerylibrary. In order to make its holdings readily accessible to scholars throughoutthe country and to develop a systematic collecting program, small regional centersare currently maintained in Boston, New York, Detroit, and on a part-time basis,San Francisco.The Archives anticipates income from private funds of about $135,000 inFY 1973. This income is used to support Archives' activities, such as quarterlypublications and distribution of the Archives' Journal , certain salaries, andspecialized acquisitions. It supplements on a matching basis activities supportedby Federal appropriations such as cataloging, information retrieval, and referenceservices.An increase of $30,000 would be used to develop the Archives' Western regionaloffice as a collecting and reference center for students west of the Mississippi,to provide for an expected rise in the microfilming workload in the Detroit andBoston centers, and to continue the Archives' oral history program.Need for IncreaseFY 1971 was the Archives of American Art's first year as a bureau of theSmithsonian Institution. It has become an integral part of the Smithsonian'sresearch facilities and its resources are being intensively used by staff andfellows of the National Collection of Fine Arts, the National Portrait Gallery, andthe National Gallery of Art, faculty and graduate students across the country, andby scholars from such places as Chicago, London, Munich, New Orleans, New York,Paris, Seattle, San Francisco, Stockholm, and Tokyo. A large increase in use ofthe Archives' holdings has been experienced in the various regional offices andmany additional collections of records have been received through their efforts.Regional offices are the chief means of locating, attracting, and acquiringcollections of artists' and dealers' personal papers. They are also the researchcenters where students in that locale use the Archives resources on microfilm. Thewestern regional center with a filmed set of Archives holdings is now establishedin rent-free quarters at the DeYoung Museum in San Francisco, but is operating on ahighly restricted basis and is open only two days a week under a part-time clerk,paid from private funds. Personal visits and letters of inquiry from studentsand scholars in the west provide concrete evidence of a vigorous demand in thatregion for the documentary records from all parts of the country offered by theArchives. A west coast area director ($16,000 and support costs of $4,000) isrequired to maintain the center as a fully developed Archives facility, to initiatea collecting program, and to serve researchers more fully. Private funds willprovide additional staff in this office. 883Microfilming projects anticipated in the Detroit, Boston, and New Yorkregional offices will require equipment and services not now available. Anadditional funding of $5,000 will make it possible to acquire on film several largeand significant collections of records such as those of the National Academy ofDesign, several major New York galleries, and art related papers owned by theNew York Historical Society and the Massachusetts Historical Society. The Archivesof American Art's oral history program, begun in 1959, has become a historicallysignificant activity. At the present time, the oral history collection comprisesmore than twelve hundred transcripts of interviews with artists, dealers, collectors,and administrators. This program has been funded primarily through grants from theart community which are no longer available. The requested $5,000 would be used tocontinue this important program in oral history. 884SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 NATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....-11 Personnel Compensation ,12 Personnel Benefits ,21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.,22 Transportation of Things23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..-25 Other Services ,26 Supplies and Materials ,31 Equipment ,32 Lands and Structures ,41 Grants ,TOTALAnalysis of Increase BaseFY 1973 122101 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974 124101 1M- JJ&. Pay Increase.Program Specification of Increase (Program) : The Board advises and assists the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution onmatters relating to the establishment of an Outdoor Bicentennial Museum and a studycenter to be designated the Dwight D. Eisenhower Institute for Historical Research.No program fund increase is requested for FY 1974. 885NATIONAL ARMED FORCES MUSEUM ADVISORY BOARD1972 Actual $131,0001973 Appropriation $134,0001974 Estimate $136,000 The National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board, established by Public Law87-186 (approved August 30, 1961) , advises and assists the Board of Regents ofthe Smithsonian Institution on matters relating to establishment of a NationalHistorical Museum Park, to be known as the Bicentennial Outdoor Museum and astudy center to be designated the Dwight D. Eisenhower Institute for HistoricalResearch.No program fund increase is requested for FY 1974. Planning for theBicentennial Outdoor Museum will be continued. An amount of $2,000 is requiredfor necessary pay. 886 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 (Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions. SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVESBaseFY 1973 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974 11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction. . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program 8172 107 8272 1Q8 Specification of Increase (Program) :The Archives' staff identifies permanently valuable records throughout theInstitution and preserves and maintains them as a research resource for the staffand scholarly community. No program fund increase is being sought in FY 1974. 887SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVES1972 Actual $ 81,0001973 Appropriation $107,0001974 Estimate $108,000 The Smithsonian Archives is the official memory of the Institution and avaluable research resource for scholars working in the history of American scienceand in the history of the cultural institutions which are under Smithsonian care.Exclusive of materials located in the research and curatorial areas, which totalmillions of documents, the Archives' current holdings amount to over one milliondocuments from the 183Q's to the present. The Archives' staff identifiespermanently valuable records throughout the Institution, preserves them forhistorical, administrative, legal, and fiscal value, and provides service on theserecords to staff and to the scholarly community.Using present staff, the program plan for FY 1974 undertakes to improve theArchives' capabilities to identify, preserve, and make available those documentswhich the Smithsonian holds throughout its many divisions. This program will beeffected by utilizing the expertise of the staff developed over the past few years,with emphasis on modern techniques of archival administration. Major objectivesare completion of a guide to the archives of the National Museum of NaturalHistory, establishment of an Institution-wide information system for archives, anddistribution of microfilm copies of Smithsonian archives with special historicalresearch value.No funding increase is being requested for this activity except necessarypay ($1,000). SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC SERVICE(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons..22 Transportation of Things....23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction...25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 19746 2 .. ?90 18 1088 2 103 3 TOTALAnalysis of Increase Jj}6_ ^L -L26_Pay Increase.Program 218 Specification of Increase (Program ) : Expansion and extension of Public Service Programs (2 positions; $18,000) . The AssistantSecretary for Public Service guides and supports the directors of public service units inthe development of programs to advance the Institution's objectives in education andinformation. With the expansion of these programs and the subsequent increase in publicinterest, an additional clerk-typist ($7,000) is required to handle the increasing volumeof clerical duties. In addition, to permit the utilization of modern communicationstechnology for the extension of educational services to school children and othersthroughout the nation, a video program coordinator ($11,000) is also requested. 889OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR PUBLIC SERVICE1972 Actual $147,0001973 Appropriation $106,0001974 Estimate $126,000 The position of the Assistant Secretary of Public Service was established in1968 to identify and consolidate those organizations which comprise theInstitution's popular educational, extension, and information services. Theseunits include: Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, Division of Performing Arts, Officeof Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of International Activities, Officeof Public Affairs, Reading is Fundamental, the Smithsonian Associates, theSmithsonian Press and the Smithsonian Magazine.The Assistant Secretary for Public Service guides and supports the directorsof public service units in the development of programs which advance theInstitution's objectives in education and information, reaching beyond museumexhibition. A program increase of $18,000 is requested for this office. Necessarypay in the amount of $2,000 is also sought.Need for IncreaseThe Institution is continuing experiments in community and neighborhood museumsupport. In addition to influencing the future development of exhibitions andprograms throughout the Smithsonian, experience obtained through these experimentsis also beneficial to other major museums seeking to serve broader social andeconomic publics. Educational services to schools, performances on the Mall,activities for Smithsonian Associates, and a widening range of publications andinformation about Smithsonian collections, research, and expeditions areundertakings which tend to reinforce one another and make the Institution'sresources increasingly accessible to the public, many of whom may visit our museumsinfrequently.An additional position ($7,000) is requested to handle the increasing volumeof clerical duties being generated by these expanding programs and their growingpopularity with the public.The Smithsonian Institution is concerned with the diffusion of knowledgecovering diverse academic disciplines. It is vital that modern communicationstechnology be used for the extension of educational services based on Smithsonianresearch and scholarship. Additional funding in the amount of $11,000 is requestedto support a special assistant for educational video. This individual will beresponsible for establishing a pilot level extension program using new approachesin the communications media to reach school children throughout the nation and forworking with external organizations in the development of programs that would carrythe resources of the Smithsonian to people who could not normally come to theInstitution themselves. 890SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions...11 Personnel Compensation....12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons22 Transportation of Things..23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities...24 Printing and Reproduction.25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials....31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase BaseFY 1973 Inc:Reqireasejested3 Est.FY 19742117315 323 20518228324 22832413 . 9 139 267 35 302 Pay Increase.Program 431 Specification of Increase (Program) :Education Department (1 position; $6,000 ) . The Museum offers education programs for allage groups?preschool to senior citizen?and helps to plan school enrichment activitieswith area school teachers. While primarily serving Anacostia schools, the Museum hasreceived requests for assistance from schools throughout the greater Washington area.Such rising interest and participation in museum programs has resulted in an increasedclerical and administrative workload. One clerk typist ($6,000) is requested for thisdepartment which currently has no clerical personnel.Exhibits Design and Production Laboratory (2 positions; $25,000 ). This laboratory,which is scheduled to open in FY 1974, will train inner-city minority group members inexhibits design and production. It is anticipated that exhibits produced at thelaboratory will help to extend the relevance of Smithsonian exhibits and Bicentennialpresentations to the entire community. An exhibits specialist ($14,000) is needed toassist with the development of the Bicentennial exhibits, as well as other exhibits atAnacostia; and an administrative assistant ($11,000) is needed to manage detailedcorrespondence and accounts, related to the laboratory's operation. 891 ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM1972 Actual $206,0001973 Appropriation $267,000197 A Estimate $302,000 The Anacostia Neighborhood Museum was opened in 1967 to reach out to newaudiences who are either unaware of museum resources, physically too far from them,or, as inhabitants of low-income population density centers, do not see theinterest or relevance of museums. Since its opening, the museum has entertainedand instructed about 250,000 visitors and today offers an expanding array ofclasses and youth programs. Anacostia has linked its research, exhibit, andeducation activities directly to the needs of the community and has assured afresh, nontraditional approach to the role of the museum.The FY 1974 budget contains a request for an additional $31,000 for threenew positions and $4,000 for necessary pay for current staff.Need for IncreaseThe Museum offers education programs for all age groups and helps areateachers to plan school enrichment activities. A photo of the new children's roomis shown on a following page. Activities in this area range from flannelboardpresentations on black history and demonstrations in soap-making to paneldiscussions, seminars, and live programs featuring the performing arts. Anotherimportant phase in the Museum's education program is performed by the mobiledivision, which takes the museum into the community through exhibits, potterydemonstrations, a speaker's bureau, teaching aids, and video tape presentations.While the mobile division primarily serves Anacostia schools, many requestshave recently been received and fulfilled from schools in the greater Washingtonarea, including Virginia and Maryland.Rising interest and participation in museum programs have resulted in anincreased clerical and administrative workload in the education department.Presently this work is being performed by staff professionals or teenage volunteers.One clerk typist and funds in the amount of $6,000 are requested to permit a moreefficient and economical support effort.In FY 1974, the Museum plans to establish an exhibits design and productionlaboratory using funds appropriated to the Smithsonian and anticipated foundationsupport. The primary objectives of the laboratory are: to train inner-cityminority group people in exhibits design and production (which includes teachingskills such as cabinetwork, carpentry, metalwork, spraypainting, silk-screening,model-making, and design) and to place these persons in jobs in the museumcommunity or private industry; and to have minority group members help planand execute exhibits and related educational materials which describe theircontributions to the American experience for the Bicentennial celebration.In the field of exhibits preparation, there is an urgent demand for creativepeople who are sensitive to the needs of inner city minority groups. It isanticipated that exhibits produced at the laboratory will help to extend therelevance of Smithsonian presentations to the entire community. In addition,exhibits produced for the Bicentennial on urban problems and minority contributionswill be circulated nationwide, thus serving as an example for museums across thenation.An exhibits specialist ($14,000) is needed to assist with the development ofBicentennial exhibits, as well as other exhibits at the Museum. An administrativeassistant ($11,000) is needed to manage detailed correspondence and accounts,related to the laboratory's operation. 892 893SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES(Dollars in thousands) Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 1974No. of Permanent Positions 10 1 1111 Personnel Compensation 143 20 16312 Personnel Benefits 12 1 1321 Travel & Trans, of Persons.. 5 522 Transportation of Things .23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction...25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants 25 25TOTAL 160 46 206Analysis of IncreasePay Increase 5Program , 41 Specification of Increase (Program) : Support of Overseas Research (1 position; $41,000 ) . This Office fosters and coordinatesthe Institution's scientific and cultural activities abroad. A growing number ofresearch projects in India, Pakistan, and Burma require a coordinator ($16,000) to bepresent in the region a major portion of each year for host-country consultation andproject administration. An additional $25,000 is requested for a matching grantsprogram to assist American research centers abroad in classical archaeological studies. 894OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES1972 Actual $140,0001973 Appropriation $160,0001974 Estimate $206,000 The Office of International Activities was established in 1965 to foster andcoordinate the Smithsonian's many-sided scientific and cultural activities abroad.To this end, it is the Institution's point of liaison with the Department of Stateand diplomatic missions in Washington, and with foreign governments and researchinstitutions abroad.Of special importance are new efforts to foster Smithsonian scientific andcultural exchanges with the Peoples Republic of China, the Soviet Union, andPoland, following President Nixon's initiatives. The Office continues to supportthe Institution's world-wide environmental and conservation programs and theexchange of scholars and technicians as well as of cultural and scientific objects,information, exhibits, and the like in the interests of basic research and publiceducation.The program increase of $41,000 requested is to be used to support the ForeignCurrency Program and American centers of research in classical archeology abroad.An additional amount of $5,000 is required for necessary pay for current staff.Need for IncreaseThirty-five joint research programs for India are in preparation, eight forPakistan, and two for Burma for presentation to the Foreign Currency Program. Twonation-wide studies, funded earlier by the Program, will continue for several yearsin Ceylon. Satisfactory development of programs in India and Pakistan particularly,where excess local currency accounts seem assured for an indefinite period, requirea coordinator ($16,000) to be present in the region a major part of each year. Thisis essential especially for Smithsonian sponsored research because this Institution,unlike other Special Foreign Currency Program agencies, is required by law to makeits excess currencies "available only to United States institutions." Americanscientists therefore participate in person in joint research programs in thesecountries. This requires extensive preparation and coordination not characteristicof other U. S. agency excess currency programs. A coordinator, therefore, who isfamiliar with host country laws, regulations, and procedures, and who is close-at-hand for consultation with potential collaborators on short notice, is vital. Hispresence in South Asia will save substantial amounts of money both in terms oftravel costs and in terms of teaching and research time which would otherwise belost by American scholars.America's contributions to research in classical archeology have literallybeen made possible by a small group of research centers abroad like the AmericanAcademy in Rome, the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, and, morerecently, the American Research Institute in Turkey. These centers are sponsoredand supported by consortia of American institutions and individuals devoted to thestudy of the roots of our western civilization. Such centers maintain a continuityof contact with local governments, research institutions, and scholars ensuringaccess to local research materials and sites. Moreover, they provide experiencedlocal administrators for field research. The existence of these centers isthreatened by the dual pressures here in the United States of inflation and reducedgovernment support of the programs of the sponsoring United States universities.As the original sponsor of archeology in the United States and of a global networkof research scholars, the Smithsonian seeks a fund ($25,000) for grants to Americanresearch centers abroad. Applications for these funds would be carefully screenedby the Institution and awards made only to the extent that the applicants obtainednew, matching funds. Such incentive awards would contribute to the survival ofthese excellent representatives of the American scholarly community abroad. 895 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions...11 Personnel Compensation. . . . 12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons22 Transportation of Things..23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities...24 Printing and Reproduction.25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials....31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants BaseFY 1973 9 Inc:Reqireasejested Est.FY 19749898 71 96956 56 TOTALAnalysis of Increase _16JL _ififl_Pay Increase.Program Specification of Increase (Program) :Through the International Exchange Service, public and private institutions inthe United States exchange publications with organizations in other countries. Thisincludes the exchange of official publications such as the Federal Register , theCongressional Record, and U.S. patent specifications, as well as private publicationssuch as medical and dental texts, which are of particular importance to developingcountries. No program fund increase is being requested in FY 1974. 896 INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE1972 Actual $147,0001973 Appropriation $160,0001974 Estimate $168,000 Through the International Exchange Service, public and private institutions inthe United States exchange their publications with organizations in other countriesand receive in exchange publications from those organizations. Begun in 1849 asan exchange service between the Smithsonian Institution and the learned societiesin other countries, the program was so successful that later it was expanded toother American organizations.When the Brussels Convention of 1886 was adopted by the United States, theSmithsonian Institution became the official exchange bureau in the United Statesfor the International Exchange of literary, scientific, and cultural publications.The Smithsonian Institution is the only organization in the United States that isproviding a service under the Brussels Convention.14 Stat. 573, as amended, provides that the exchange of the official UnitedStates Government publications shall be made through the Smithsonian Institution.No funding increase is being requested for this activity except necessarypay ($8,000). 897 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 DIVISION OF PERFORMING ARTS(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction. . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase BaseFY 1973 _3fl3_ IncreaseRequested Jt2_ Est.FY 1974 = KL.169 14 18314 3 179 3 123 1 47 2 93 1 471 10 8117 1 1810 7 17 345 Pay Increase.Program 339 Specification of Increase (Program) :American Folklife Festival (1 position; $39,000) . Beginning with the Festival in 1973,the Division of Performing Arts will enlarge the basic presentational format toincorporate the themes which will comprise the Bicentennial presentation. Funds forthe development of these themes are requested under the Bicentennial heading of thisbudget, but funds for the changes in Festival format, which will provide opportunitiesfor exhibit development and organizational experience, are urgently needed as a partof the Division's base. One planned format change will extend the 1973 Festivalpresentation from a 5-day period to a 10-14 day time period. This development of theannual Folklife Festival, resulting from the change in program emphasis, requires atechnical assistant and temporary help during the Festival ($14,000) and $25,000 foradditional supplies, equipment, and contractual services sufficient to support theexpanded time period. 898 DIVISION OF PERFORMING ARTS1972 Actual $265,0001973 Appropriation $303,0001974 Estimate $345,000 The Division of Performing Arts is responsible for the presentation ofprograms dealing with our national aesthetic expressions, particularly as theyevidence themselves in oral, music, or dance forms, and relate to the collectionsof the museums. By staging such events as the annual Festival of AmericanFolklife and cosponsoring the American College Theater Festival, the Divisionundertakes to extend and enliven the Institution's educational services to thepublic.An increase of $39,000 is required in the FY 1974 budget for the Festival ofAmerican Folklife and for general support. An amount of $3,000 is needed fornecessary pay.Need for IncreaseSubstantial support is required to meet presentation and public service needsfor the annual Festival of American Folklife. In previous years Festivalparticipants have been paid minimum honorariums and housed in college dormitories.Despite rising costs of living, honorariums have remained the same since theinception of the Festival in 1967. The increased size of the Festival and theadded number of participants necessitate a search for new housing arrangements atincreased costs.Administrative expenses of the Festival have increased due to the added numberof requests for local, state, and national assistance and guidance in developingprograms in folk culture. Iowa, Ohio, Kentucky, and Maryland have joined the listof states requesting guidance for state programs. In addition, Spokane, Washington,has requested consultation and assistance for the forthcoming Expo '74. Responseto these requests has placed additional demands on administrative and clericalservices.Beginning with the Festival in 1973, which will feature the State of Kentucky,the Division of Performing Arts will enlarge the basic presentational format toincorporate the themes which will comprise the Bicentennial presentation. Thesethemes are:1. Old Ways in the New World?World ethnic communities and their Americananalogues.2. The Native Americans?The surviving cultures of the American Indian.3. Working America?The skills, crafts, and lore of the American workers.4. A Regional View of American Life?Regional folklife and expressions.Funds for the development of these themes are requested under the Bicentennialheading of this budget, but funds for the changes in Festival format, which willprovide opportunities for exhibit development and organizational experience, areurgently needed as a part of the Division's base appropriation. One planned formatchange will extend the 1973 Festival presentation from a 5-day period to a 10-14day time period. This will provide an immediate benefit to the public as well asan opportunity for determining needs relative to the Bicentennial presentation.This development of the regular annual Folklife Festival, resulting from the changein program emphasis, requires a technical assistant and temporary help during theFestival ($14,000) and $25,000 for additional supplies, equipment, and contractualservices (for such items as food and accomodations) sufficient to support theexpanded time period. 899 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction. . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 197412 - 12200 3 20317 172 2 39 3915 157 71 1 281 3 284 Pay Inirease.Program Specification of Increase (Program) : The Office of Public Affairs is responsible for communicating information about theSmithsonian and its programs to the public through various media?radio, television,newspapers, popular and scientific periodicals, press releases, documentary films, andgeneral information and visitor orientation pamphlets and other items. No additionalprogram funds are requested in the FY 1974 budget. 900 OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS1972 Actual $372,0001973 Appropriation $281,0001974 Estimate $284,000 The Office of Public Affairs is responsible primarily for serving Smithsonianvisitors and the public at large by communicating information about the Smithsonianand its programs through various media?radio, television, newspapers, popular andscientific periodicals, press releases, documentary films, the Smithsonian Calendarof Events, Dial-A-Phenomena, Dial-A-Museum, and general information pamphlets andpublications. It also prepares and makes available to museum visitors a variety ofbuilding guide leaflets to assist them in their tours of Smithsonian buildings.Included in its presentations are the Torch newspaper, research reports, and the"Radio Smithsonian" now being heard over 88 stations across the nation. The Officeof Public Affairs also administers the Office of Special Events, which isresponsible for servicing exhibition openings, seminars, meetings, and specialactivities held at the Smithsonian facilities in Washington, D. C.No program increase in being sought for this office. An amount of $3,000 isrequested for necessary pay for existing staff. ' 901 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS(Dollars in thousands) BaseFY 1973 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures4 1 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program 355 18 37330 2 322 2 414 4145 52 22 2 810 20 830 416 Specification of Increase (Program) :Graphic Specialist, Printed Materials (1 position; $16,000 ) . Careful design of printedmaterials is essential, not simply for maximum transfer of information, but to securethe most economical procurement within the specifications set by the Congress's JointCommittee on Printing. Funds are requested to employ a specialist in the design ofprinted materials. 902 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS1972 Actual $816,0001973 Appropriation $810,0001974 Estimate $830,000 Press publication activity is a fundamental extension of the work of theSmithsonian's basic research laboratories. Necessary for ecological andagricultural advancement and other basic and applied studies by other researchers,these reports are distributed to major libraries and scientific institutions in all50 states and many foreign countries. For the many millions of visitors to theSmithsonian each year, the Press produces and distributes exhibit catalogs,education pamphlets, and informative leaflets. Finally, the Press also furnishesthe Institution with a variety of necessary manuals, reports, specimen labels, anddirectories, including copies of Congressional materials and reports fromgovernment agencies.A program increase of $16,000 is sought for design and printing staff. Anadditional $4,000 is required for necessary pay for current staff.Need for IncreaseIncreased exhibition and education activities of the National PortraitGallery, the National Collection of Fine Arts, the Renwick Gallery, and AnacostiaNeighborhood Museum have outstripped the Press's ability with present staff todesign the necessary exhibition catalogs, hall guides, and public educationleaflets. Careful design of these printed materials is essential, not simply formaximum transfer of information, but to secure the most economical procurementwithin the specifications set by the Congress's Joint Committee on Printing.Funds are requested to correct this problem by the addition of a specialist inthe design of printed materials. 903 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR MUSEUM PROGRAMSANDOFFICE OF MUSEUM PROGRAMS(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons..22 Transportation of Things23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction. . . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 19749 - 9117 2 11910 108 83 34 43 3142 14217 1715 15 319 2 321 Pay Increase.Program Specification of Increase (Program ) : The Office of Museum Programs oversees and reviews the Institution's museum andexhibition activities, with special emphasis in developing experimental and educationalexhibits, surveying visitor reactions to the Institution's services, and providingadvice and technical assistance to other museums.This Office offers three technical assistance programs to museum workers: (1) atraining workshop program in museum practices, (2) a series of video tapes onconservation techniques, and (3) experiments in the effectiveness of exhibit andeducational programs. No program funding increase is requested in the FY 1974 budget. 904OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR MUSEUM PROGRAMSANDOFFICE OF MUSEUM PROGRAMS1972 Actual $250,0001973 Appropriation $319,0001974 Estimate $321,000 The Office of Museum Programs oversees and reviews the SmithsonianInstitution's museum and exhibition activities, with special emphasis ondeveloping experimental and educational exhibits, surveying visitor reactions tothe Institution's services, and providing advice and technical assistance to othermuseums. It cooperates with museum professionals and their associations andorganizations to increase the effectiveness of museums in the performance of theirscholarly and public education functions. The Office of the Registrar, theConservation-Analytical Laboratory, the Office of Exhibits, the SmithsonianLibraries, the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, and theNational Museum Act are under the general administration of this Office.In addition to the central administrative functions, this office maintainsthree technical programs: (1) a training workshop program in museum practices, (2)a series of video tapes in conservation techniques and (3) experiments in theeffectiveness of exhibit and educational programs. Currently the Office of MuseumPrograms offers a series of technical workshops to museum professionals throughoutthe United States. For FY 1974, a total of 22 one-week workshops will be offeredsuch as silk screen process, museum design, and model making, etc. These workshopsprovide on-the-job training. The second special program disseminates informationon conservation techniques and practices through the production of slide/audiocassette kits and video tapes. For this fiscal year 40 one-hour video tapes willbe produced for student training in conservation, 10 slide/audio cassette kits forthe general practitioner and 20 technical video tapes for the specialists. Thethird major project consists of experiments exploring the learning potentials ofmuseum exhibits. Secondly, several research projects are in progress examiningthe affective and informative levels of exhibits.An amount of $2,000 is requested for necessary pay purposes; no programincrease is sought for FY 1974. 905 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 CONSERVATION-ANALYTICAL LABORATORY(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.,22 Transportation of Things23 Rent, Cotnm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction..,25 Other Services ,26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment ,32 Lands and Structures ,41 Grants ,TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program BaseFY 1973 IncreaseRequested 2100 Est.FY 1974 19.163 45 20814 4 189 9 331337 71036 402373 269 102 371 Specification of Increase (Program) :Preservation and Conservation of Smithsonian Collections (5 positions; $100,000 ) . Manpower and facilities devoted to general Institution conservation tasks are badlyinadequate. Many of the 130,000 artifacts added to the collections each year requireanalysis and treatment. Thirty- two man years of work each year is estimated to berequired for new objects exclusive of the needs of hundreds of thousands of deterioratingobjects already in the collections. Only a fraction of the required conservationmanpower is now available. Additional badly needed space is being provided to theConservation-Analytical Laboratory. An additional two conservators, two analyticalscientists, and a clerk are requested ($47,000) to improve the Institution's abilityto cope with a huge and growing workload. An amount of $53,000 is required forlaboratory services and supplies and for the purchase of analytical equipment. 906CONSERVATION-ANALYTICAL LABORATORY1972 Actual $195 ,000197 3 Appropriation $269,0001974 Estimate $371,000 The Conservation-Analytical Laboratory was established in 1963 to serve themuseums of the Smithsonian Institution. Staffed by conservators and scientists,it ascertains and advises on the suitability, for artifacts displayed or instorage, of environmental conditions found in the buildings and suggests remedialaction if necessary. Based upon examination or analysis, advice is given tocuratorial units on conservation procedures for specific objects. Objects whichpresent special problems or require more specialized equipment than is availablein these units are treated in this central laboratory.Analyses of objects or their materials (e.g. pigments, fibers, alloys, orcorrosion products) by advanced instrumentation serve to determine appropriateconservation procedures or to provide museum archaeologists and historians withbasic research data concerned with dates, attribution, and ancient productionmethods. Commercial products proposed for prolonged contact with artifacts (such asfumigants used in storage) are examined for suitability.The conservation program of the Smithsonian requires additional space,personnel, and operating support. It is anticipated that more space will becomeavailable in FY 1973 and an increase of $100,000 is requested for conservatorand scientist staff and efficiency-raising equipment. An additional $2,000 isrequired for necessary pay.Need for IncreaseManpower and facilities devoted to general Institution conservation tasksare woefully inadequate. Accessions of artifacts number about 130,000 a year.Some single accessions are complex or represent hundreds of objects. Many ofthese are invaluable. A large proportion require immediate and extensivetreatment to forestall decay. If only thirty minutes were applied to eachnewly-acquired object (two hours is an actual minimum of treatment) , this wouldrepresent 32 man-years of necessary work each year , exclusive of the needs ofdeteriorating objects already in the collection. Central staffing and spaceneeded to cope efficiently and adequately with the preservation and conservationof the Smithsonians collections is estimated conservatively at thirtyconservators, supported by fifteen scientists and 60,000 square feet ofwell-outfitted laboratory space.The Conservation-Analytical Laboratory now has six conservators and fivescientists for a wide variety of tasks; other units, in the National PortraitGallery, National Collection of Fine Arts, the Freer Gallery, and the Department ofAnthropology total about seven conservators and two scientists whose efforts arefocussed on specialized local needs. The Laboratory occupies an overcrowded2,600 square feet. In FY 1972, with limited staff and space it treated 420objects (varying in nature from archaeological to space-age) from bureaucollections. This compares with 358 in 1971 and 144 in 1970.The requested funding increase would provide two conservators, twoscientists, and an information clerk ($47,000) . It would also provide $53,000program funds for services for about 2,000 square feet of additional space forthe new staff, general laboratory supplies and materials to cope with a growingworkload, and for additional equipment for study and analysis techniques, suchas atomic absorption, differential thermal analysis, thermoluminescence dating,and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. 907 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 OFFICE OF EXHIBITS PROGRAMS(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services2b Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program BaseFY 1973148 2.552 IncreaseRequested 352 52300 Est.FY 1974 1,986 158 2,144169 13 1826 6 60 18 78156 45 201120 98 21855 20 75 2-904 Specification of Increase (Program) :Serving Projected Exhibits Requirements (15 positions; $300,000 ) . During the period1974-1977 this Office will be required to help design and produce a growing number ofexhibits for regular, ongoing programs, the Bicentennial, the new National Air andSpace Museum, the implementation pf the Zoo's master plan and others. No programfund increases have been sought for this Office for several years while exhibits plansand base resource capabilities were reviewed. Phased growth of support personnel andfunds is now requested to realize the full capability of the current base resource ofskilled exhibits personnel. An additional 15 lower-graded positions ($119,000) arerequested to perform full-time maintenance of exhibits subject to heavy visitor use.An amount of $181,000 also is requested to replace worn-out and damaged exhibitscomponents and to procure routine production and maintenance services. These stepswill help to keep existing exhibits in good repair and free more highly skilledemployees for the preparation of new exhibits in the years ahead. 908OFFICE OF EXHIBITS PROGRAMS1972 Actual $2,580,0001973 Appropriation $2,552,0001974 Estimate $2,904,000 The Office of Exhibits, working in close and continuing collaboration withmuseum scientists, curators, and historians, is instrumental in preparing andmaintaining exhibits seen by the millions of people a year who visit theSmithsonian museums. Over 4,000 permanent and temporary exhibit units have beenproduced over the past 20 years. Among the highly developed techniques used bythe Office for the preparation of exhibits are freezedry taxidermy, plasticreproductions and object mounting devices, and modelmaking. Concerned mainly withthe presentation of concepts, ideas, information, and objects related to thenatural sciences, history, technology, and the flight sciences, the Office ofExhibits provides advanced training in exhibit techniques to hundreds of museumprofessionals from museums in the United States and other countries each year.Studies now being planned will record visitor reaction, participation, andinvolvement in museum exhibits to learn more about the process of communicatingideas.For FY 1974 the Office requires a program fund increase of $300,000 to permitan improved capability of its total resources to serve Bicentennial, National Airand Space Museum, and other exhibits' preparation needs. An additional amount of$52,000 is sought for necessary pay for current staff.Need for IncreaseDuring the period FY 1974 - 1977 the Office of Exhibits will be requiredto help design, fabricate, and install a growing number of special temporary andpermanent exhibit units in support of regular ongoing public service programsserving some 20 million visitors each year, special projects for the Bicentennial,the opening of the new National Air and Space Museum, the implementation of theMaster Plan at the National Zoological Park, and others. For several years, noprogram fund increases have been requested for this Office while the Institutionstudied current and projected exhibit needs, reviewed the organization and operationsof the Office itself, began to implement adjustments to increase productivity, andtook other actions to ensure that the total resources of the Office are being usedeffectively. These studies have confirmed that the Smithsonian now has anexcellent base resource of skilled professional exhibits personnel to approachthe large workload of the next several years. This resource can be made moreproductive, however, by limited, phased growth primarily of support personnel andfunds. The importance of proper support relationships is a matter that has beenpresented in other budgetary/program relationships of the Institution, notably thescience effort.To implement this growth in support for increased productivity of existingstaff exhibits specialists, the Smithsonian is requesting positions and funds forpermanent, full-time maintenance teams at appropriately lower salary levels and forcontractual services for routine production jobs. The use of audio visual andspecial effect techniques combined with the normal wear and tear on permanentexhibits has created a strong requirement for a permanent, full-time maintenanceprogram in all museum buildings. At present, maintenance is provided by highlyskilled specialists at the sacrifice of new exhibit program requirements. Fifteenpositions ($119,000) are requested to establish maintenance teams to provide dailyattention to existing exhibits. Other object class funds ($181,000) are requestedto replace worn-out and vandalized exhibit components and to replace mechanicalequipment, some of which has had to be removed from public exhibit spaces. Thesefunds will also be used to establish a special fund for the procurement of routineproduction and maintenance services, thus allowing specialists to be assigned tomore important projects. 909 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase BaseFY 197331 IncreaseRequested 2532262 2722 Est.FY 1974 2582262 368 321. Pay Increase.Program Specification of Increase (Program) : The Office of the Registrar serves as a central point for officially accessioningand recording the specimens and objects coming to the National Museums of Natural Historyand History and Technology. It also furnishes essential support services to all unitsof the Smithsonian by operating the central mail room add the shipping office, handlingU.S. customs clearances and providing the central messenger service. No additionalprogram funds are sought on the FY 1974 budget. OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR1972 Actual $323,0001973 Appropriation $368,0001974 Estimate $373,000 The Office of the Registrar was established in 1881 to serve as a centralpoint for officially accessioning and recording the specimens and objects cominginto the Institution. It now has responsibility for recording and safeguardingthe documents pertaining to the receipt and legal ownership of the itemsaccessioned into the collections of the National Museum of Natural History and theNational Museum of History and Technology. In addition, the Office furnishesessential support services to all units of the Smithsonian in their research,education, collection management, and exhibition programs, by operating the centralmail room and the shipping office, handling U.S. Customs clearances, providing thecentral messenger service, and servicing public inquiries for the Museums.No program fund increase is requested for FY 1974. An amount of $5,000 isneeded f\or necessary pay. 910 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities....24 Printing and Reproduction..25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTALAnalysis of Increase Base Increase Est.FY 1973 Requested FY 197463 3 66740 32 77263 3 668 81 110 1033 3 3626 1 2782 5 8795 15 110 1,058 5? _L,117 Pay Increase.Program 950 Specification of Increase (Program) : Extension of Basic Services (2 positions; $22,000 ) . In order to maintain the new branchlibraries of the National Air and Space Museum and to respond to the Increased demandfor reference and information services associated with the development of Bicentennialprojects, two additional positions (a librarian and a library technician) are required.Acquisition of Information Resources (1 position; $28,000 ) . To assist in meeting thecontinually changing and growing need for documentary resources relevant to the Smithsonianresearch and exhibit programs, an increase of $18,000 in book and Journal funds isrequested. Based on accepted workload standards, an additional library technician($8,000) will be required to perform the associated technical processing function. Inaddition $2,000 is requested to enable the repair and processing of many steadilydeteriorating rare books now that a secure, climate -controlled storage facility hasbeen obtained. 911SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES1972 Actual $ 864,0001973 Appropriation $1,058,0001974 Estimate $1,117,000The Smithsonian Institution Libraries provide the documentary information baseand the information search and delivery services that are required by, andcontribute directly to, the research, exhibits, and administrative programs of thebureaus and offices of the Institution.The FY 1974 increase of $50,000 is sought chiefly to extend basiclibrary-based information services to the growing National Air and Space Museumoperation and to Bicentennial programs. An additional amount of $9,000 is requiredfor necessary pay.Need for IncreaseExtend Basic Services (2 positions; $22,000)Library staffing for the branch libraries and information centers, most ofwhich were unmanned in 1964, has reached 40 percent of a goal of 37 positions. Twonew positions, a librarian and a library technician at a cost of $22,000 withsupplies and other support, are requested for the major developing program areasof the Institution, principally the branch libraries of the Air and Space Museumand the several bureaus that are increasingly involved in the development ofBicentennial projects. These positions will allow the Libraries to offer referenceand information services to researchers in and near their laboratories andcollections and to maintain the Museum's branch library and working collections.This additional staff will also help the Libraries maintain the inventory of therecently segregated rare book collections and to begin an inventory of the manymap collections, scattered throughout the Institution, that have a growingimportance for study and reference.Acquisition of Information Sources (1 position; $28,000 )In FY 1973 the Libraries will have reached about 45 percent of their goal of$300000 funding to acquire the books, journals, and other documentary resourcesfrom throughout the world that are considered essential to information services inthe subjects relevant to the Smithsonian research and exhibit programs. Therequested increase in book and journal funds for FY 1974 ($18,000) will move theLibraries to within 50 percent of their goal, allowing chiefly the acquisition ofnew journals in art and science, special publication series (e.g., theultramicrof iche editions of research monographs in American culture offered byEncyclopedia Britannica ) and new editions of standard guides to sources ofinformation such as the major national and subject bibliographies and indexes.Based on generally accepted workload standards, one additional library technician($8,000) in the technical processing function is required for the prompt handlingof each $15,000 worth of new material added, plus expected continued donations ofgift and exchange materials.An additional goal in the FY 1974 budget request is to improve the Libraries'capability in filming, binding, and other processing of deteriorating collections.The Libraries have recently obtained a secure, climate-controlled storagefacility for their many rare books and have identified nearly 200 volumes oftreasured items that must be processed and repaired for conservation, at pricesranging up to $100 a volume ($2,000). 93-397 O - 73 - 58 912 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION - "Salaries and Expenses," Fiscal Year 1974 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE(Dollars in thousands) No. of Permanent Positions....11 Personnel Compensation12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Trans, of Persons.22 Transportation of Things...23 Rent, Comm. & Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction. . 25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants TOTAL BaseFY 1973 IncreaseRequested Est.FY 1974 605 605 80Analysis of IncreasePay Increase.Program 80 Specification of Increase (Program) : Circulation of Exhibits to the Public (5 positions; $80,000) . The Traveling ExhibitionService (SITES} in operation for 21 years, circulates some 100 exhibits annually in art,science, history, and other fields. Each year about 4 million persons across the countryview SITES installations. The service is funded largely from exhibit rental fees; butsoaring costs of personnel, production, and shipping have increased these fees beyondthe reach of many smaller, less wealthy museums, schools, and historical societies. Federalfunding is required, on a cost-shared basis, to permit SITES to increase its service byproviding more exhibitions to more potential users at lower rental fees. An amount of$65,000 is requested to convert four private roll employees (the director, an exhibitsspecialist and technician, and the registrar) to Federal positions and add a technician.An additional $15,000 will be used for shipping, production supplies, and equipment. 913SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE1972 Actual $1973 Appropriation $1974 Estimate $80,000 The Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) provides aplanned program of carefully selected, well-designed, and widely circulatedtraveling exhibitions covering a diversified range in the fields of art, design,science, technology, history, and education. Exhibitions are organized and lentby individuals and organizations throughout the world. A sample of the range ofexhibit subjects is shown on a following page. The Smithsonian Institution isnot always easily accessible to people away from the Washington area. SITES is thevehicle for taking the nation's treasures to them. SITES is the only nation-wideorganization circulating exhibitions of an inter-disciplinary curriculum servingspecialized and general museums, galleries, educational and cultural organizationsthroughout the nation. It is now in its 21st year of continuous operationsupported by private funds.Approximately four million people view SITES exhibitions annually (500installations viewed by an average 8,000 persons each). For example, SITES hasserved 49 states and the District of Columbia many times during the last fiveyears. One hundred exhibitions are presently circulating; existing demand forservices could easily sustain twice that figure. Each year, 30 new exhibitionsare needed to keep 100 exhibits in circulation. SITES mailing list ofcorresponding organizations numbers 1700 and increases at the rate of 30 per month.Colleges and universities are SITES most frequent customers (60 percent) followedby museums of all types and sizes (30 percent) and libraries (5 percent). Allothers make up the remaining 5 percent.In FY 1974 an amount of $65,000 for five positions and $15,000 supportcosts is being sought to continue these operations.Need for IncreaseSITES seeks additional resources for the necessary balance of public andprivate funding which will permit SITES to increase its service by providingmore exhibitions, making them more available, for lower rental fees. Privatefunding can no longer support this activity by itself.SITES, since its inception, has been funded through the private resourcesof the Smithsonian. Most costs for these exhibits are recovered by chargingrental fees. Soaring costs of personnel, production, and shipping, however, haveincreased the rental of these exhibits beyond the means of many potential users,especially the smaller museums, schools, and historical societies. Figure 1clearly shows that as the rental fees increase above $200 the number ofinstallations decreases, and figure 2 shows that the cost of each exhibit hasbeen increasing at a very substantial pace.The practical effect has been that costs exceed income and the Institution'slimited private funds have been forced to absorb annual deficits. The combineddeficit for the past five years including FY 1973 is approximately $80,000. TheInstitution cannot afford these continued losses. It would not be in the public'sbest interests, however, to terminate, drastically reduce, or orient this programto the wealthier customers.The FY 1974 budget request provides for the following private roll staffconversions to Federal (the SITES director, an exhibits specialist, an exhibitstechnician, and the registrar). One additional exhibits technician will be hiredto assist with display and packaging production. The requested funds also will beused for transportation of exhibits, production supplies, and equipment. 914 ST oo05 ' c Zb I is-? & s o| ffl W J J : c2 _S 'S4-S?!S .5 E ~ en S e= e UJj < | en,??'?v? ?en fcS IS o 2 ? c ? - -O c 5 ?3 -JZ ?> 5 e1 a I ? *2 ? "> 2 ?s & S ? frfl : ftlliis* laI U ^ F .? !ill-2 3-i^ 8 ?S E ?5 g- 8 "o S* -s a s2 E ? c5 = ?*32; -S -? 3 ?- e* ? <2 6O :2 -o -o 3 ~< g?u? lkeep on dredging all these estuaries with all the silt and junk pour-ing into them, we are going to have to find somewhere to put all thispoison. If we can turn it into an asset, wonderful, we ought to belooking into it, instead of having people brushed off with a sentence.Mrs. Hansen. When the Bureau of Mines testifies, you may wantto pursue this question with them based on their work in West Vir-ginia in a similar field. There is a direct relationship. 972Mr. Long. I want to find out whether you would be one of the groupsthat will be asked questions about this Hart-Miller Island thing.Mr. Challinor. Not to my knowledge, Dr. Long.Mr. Long. Whom do they ask if they do not ask people likeyouMr. Challinor. I would imagine they are perhaps asking the Ches-apeake Bay Institute.Mr. Long. No. They are already involved. They have compromisedthemselves. They are getting paid. So is the University of Maryland.Who has this model basin they are talking about ?Mr. Challinor. The Corps of Enginers has a request for an appro-priation to build a model of the Chesapeake Bay. It will be aboutthree football fields in size.Mr. Long. Some of the people who are proposing this diked areasay we should wait until the model is built so we can test out in themodel what would be the effect of building this diked area. Whatwould be the effect on the currents, and all that kind of thing.Others say you simply cannot build a model which is a true replicaof the Chesapeake Bay because it would have to be distorted in oneway or another. I think they are probably right. Would you agreewith that?Mr. Challinor. I would. The model would give you more knowl-edge than you would have without it, but it probably would not be100 percent. LIST OF RESEARCH PROJECTS AT BAY CENTERMr. Long. I wonder if you would give us a whole list of those re-search projects that you are working on.Mr. Challinor. I will be glad to. We have about $325,000 in outsidegrants now underway at our Rhode River Center.(The information follows:)RESEARCH PROJECTS AT CHESAPEAKE BAY CENTERGrants and contracts with other agencies (fiscal year 1978)Rhode River research program (National Science Foundation) :Principal Investigator, Dr. Blair Kinsman, Chesapeake Bay Centerfor Environmental Studies : Rhode River Research Program Man-ager $41, 091Program Manager and Assistant coordinates the RhodeRiver research to keep all the projects functioning as an inter-disciplinary research program.Principal Investigator, Dr. Martin Buzas, National Museum ofNatural History : Population Ecology of Foraminifera in Rela-tion to Environmental Variable in Rhode River 11, 518Looking for certain species of microscopic animal life as anindication of pollution.Principal Investigator, Dr. David Correll, Radiation Biology Lab-oratory : Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Phosphorous Metabo-lism in Microbial Communities 32, 108Chemically determine the amount of phosphorus nitrogen infresh and saline water of the Rhode River watershed. Exces-sive amounts of phosphorus nitrogen allows algae growthwhich litter beaches, clog filters and create surface scum, inaddition to depriving marine life of oxvgen which results infish kill. 973Grants and contracts with other agencies (fiscal year 1973)?ContinuedRhode River research program (National Science Foundation)?ContinuedPrincipal Investigator, Mr. Robert Cory, U.S. Geological Survey : Physical, Chemical and Biological Measures of Water Qualityin the Rhode River 12, 118Mechanically measures nine qualities of the water and airat the Rhode River in an attempt to determine the effect futureadditions of domestic sewage will have on marine life.Principal investigator, Dr. Bert Drake, Radiation Biology Labora-tory : Marsh grass productivity in Rhode River 24, 089Very closely measuring the absorption by marsh grassesof carbon, which is the basic element necessary for the forma-tion of organic compounds. Without organic compounds, thereis no life.Principal investigator, Dr. Edward Pluhowski, U.S. GeologicalSurvey : Hydrology of the Rhode River basin 10, 718Estimate the magnitude and quality of the surface andground-water resources of the Rhode River basin, with specificemphasis on evaluating the major physical and chemical aspectswithin the fresh water portion of the basin's hydrologicalcycle.Principal investigator, Dr. Jack Pierce, National Museum ofNatural History : Suspended and bottom sediments 13, 789Taking samples of Rhode River sediments to determine theircomposition, to determine suspended sediment flux through theestuary and to isolate the main sources of this sediment.Principal investigator, Dr. J. Kevin Sullivan, Chesapeake BayCenter for Environmental Studies : Improved land use planningfor the watersheds of estuaries, A case study for ChesapeakeBay 21, 905To assist in the planning and decisionmaking by State andcounty agencies of land use, such as highway and powerlineconstruction, sanitary land fill locations, marina development,utilizing results of scientific research from the Rhode Riverprogram.Principal investigator, Dr. Francis S. L. Williamson, ChesapeakeBay Center for Environmental Studies : Evaluation of remotelysensed data from the Rhode River estuary watershed 11,089National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)aerial photographs are closely examined to determine the actualspecies of the plant life on the ground. The Chesapeake BayCenter uses aerial photographs to map the vegetation of theTotal 178, 425Overhead 51, 320Grand total 229, 745Public environmental information research (Noble Foundation) :Principal investigator, Dr. J. Kevin Sullivan, Chesapeake BayCenter for Environmental Studies 25, 000Intensive interactions with citizens organizations and pub-lic agencies in the bay region are established to maintain anongoing program of public involvement on environmentalissues.Evaluation of remotely sensed data from the Rhode River estuary (Na-tional Aeronautics and Space Administration)Principal investigator, Dr. Francis S. L. Williamson, ChesapeakeBay Center for Environmental Studies 20, 000This involves aerial photographing of the Rhode River water-shed with color infrared and natural color film. Scientists atthe center then relate the pictures to the area photographed todetermine how different types of vegetation show up in thephotograph. NASA hopes the techniques learned can be appliedanywhere in the world to identify vegetation with the photo-graphs taken by satellite. 974Grants and contracts with other agencies (fiscal year 1973)?ContinuedStudies of avian ecology (Battelle Memorial Institute)Principal investigator, Dr. Francis S. L. Williamson, ChesapeakeBay Center for Environmental Studies 23, 000Ongoing biological studies to determine the effects of theatomic explosion on animal life in Amchitka Island, Alaska.CONTRIBUTIONS TO KENNEDY CENTERMr. Long. One more question. How much has the Kennedy familycontributed to the JFK Center for the Performing Arts?Mr. Ripley. I cannot give you that answer, Dr. Long. I do notknow.Mr. Long. Can you provide it for the record ?Mr. Ripley. Yes.[The information follows :]Contributions by the Kennedy Family to the JFK CenterJoseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Foundation $500, 000Kennedy family donations 60, 000560, 000Mr. Long. I wonder if you could provide a list of all the contribu-tions made to the Kennedy Center by the members of the board oftrustees of the Kennedy Center.Mr. Ripley. I am sure I can provide such a list.FEDERAL SUPPORT OF KENNEDY CENTERMr. Long. I also would like to have that in relation to the total costof the Kennedy Center to the Government.Mr. Ripley. That is the total construction cost of the KennedyCenter?Mr. Long. Yes. Is there anything else besides construction costs ?Mr. Ripley. I suppose only the National Park Service maintenancefunds.Mr. Long. I think everybody contemplated that the Governmentwould have to maintain it, once it was put in. Congress was asked tosupport this with the idea that this was largely a private thing, and wemerely would supplement it. Instead, it turned out that this was apump-priming thing. Of course, the Smithsonian thing was, to beginwith. I suppose the most successful man ever in getting his name at-tached to a famous institution was Smithson. Right? He gave a verytiny contribution. I am not even sure the cash ever came through.Mr. Ripley. Yes, it did ; the equivalent of about $10 million today.Mr. Long. I though it was much smaller than that.Mr. Ripley. $508,000 in gold.Mr. Long. Oh, well. Let's not make it $10 million. That was a sub-stantial sum of money. There is no question about it. But he certainlygot his money's worth. Would you not agree with that ?Mr. Ripley. I think he has gotten his money's worth, yes.Mr. Long. I don't quarrel with him. I think we all have to be onour guard when people come forth with a sum of money, and lead you tobelieve this will pay for it. They merely get you in trouble, and thenthe Government has to come along and pay vast sums.I think this has been true of the Washington Stadium. 975Mr. Ripley. Mr. Smithson died and, of course, he had no way ofgiving any more money. He simply said it was up to the Congress toaccept it or not. After 8 years, they accepted it.Mr. Long. I think it was a great concept. I just think we ought toknow about these things at the time.Mrs. Hansen. Unfortunately, you were not alive when Mr. Smith-son donated the money.Mr. Long. I don't think so.Mrs. Hansen. I do not think you were.Mr. Long. This was 1842?Mr. Ripley. He died in 1829.[the information follows :]Contributions by the Members of the Board of Trustees to the JFK CenterAmountFloyd D. Akers $108, 000Winthrop Aldrich 1, 600Robert O. Anderson 100, 000Ralph E. Becker 1 7,000K. LeMoyne Billings 2, 000Edgar M. Bronfman 2 100,000Andrew H. Berding 700Ernest R. Breech 1, 000Mrs. George R. Brown 74. 000John Nicholas Brown 15, 500Mrs. Donna S. Bradshaw 17, 500Senator Joseph S. Clark 2, 500Robert W. Dowling 2, 100David E. Finley 3,400Mrs. Clifford Folger 107, 000Senator J. William Fulbright 700Hon. Abe Fortas 775Hon. Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen 6,300Mrs. George Garrett 2 106,914Henry C. Hofheiner, II 1,000Frank N. Ikard 1, 000Thomas H. Kuchel 6,000Mrs. Albert D. Lasker 142, 000Robert Lehmann 2 20, 000Gustave L. Levy 10,000Sol M. Linowitz 2 15,000Mrs. J. Willard Marriott 138,000George Meany 1, 000Robert I. Millonzi 10,000Senator Charles S. Percy 11, 000Frank H. Rieketson 25, 000Richard Rodgers 3, 500Represntative Teno Roncalio 500Senator Leverett Saltonstall 1, 000Mrs. Jouett Shouse 154, 317Rober L. Stevens 3 106,000Henry Strong 32, 000Anonymous 1, 218, 000Mrs. L. Corrin Strong 53, 000Robert W. Woodruff 2 100,000Mrs. Jack Wrather 17,500Senator Ralph W. Yarborough 1, 000Total 2, 732, 8061 Also contributed an estimated $100,000 in professional services and expenses.2 Gift attributable to donor listed.3 Also served as chairman without pay since 1961. 93-397 O - 73 - 62 976 Appropriations totaling $25,175 million were granted as the Federal Govern-ment's contribution to the costs of constructing the John F. Kennedy Center tomatch a like amount contributed by the public. In addition, $20.4 million in loanauthority was granted for the construction of the garage.PROJECTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYMrs. Hansen. Does EPA ask for your assistance on specific projects ?Mr. Challinor. Yes ; they do, Madam Chairman. They have come tous for specific projects.The last one was the Panama Canal Zone, where they asked us tocover a long-term study of an oilspill on a tropical coral reef.Mrs. Hansen. Have they requested your assistance on the Chesa-peake Bay ?Mr. Challinor. Not specifically, yet. We have a proposal to presentto the EPA.Mr. Evans. When they come to you, do they also bring money withthem?Mr. Challinor. Yes ; they do.Mr. Evans. Are these cost sharing or paid for entirely by them ?Mr. Challinor. Cost sharing, generally. We furnish the equipmentand the laboratory facilities. They usually pay us to hire a lab tech-nician and certain new extra equipment that we would not normallyhave. NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. You are requesting an increase of $765,000 and 20positions for the National Air and Space Museum. Of this total, $470,-000 is for exhibits, $65,000 for three scientific and technical staff,$172,000 for 16 curatorial and mechanical staff, and $58,000 forspacearium/planetarium.What is the requirement for the level of funding in fiscal year 1974 ?Mr. Ripley. Let me briefly outline that, and then Mr. Collins cancite additional facts.The funding we need for construction to liquidate our contract au-thority, as specified by the OMB in the allowance for our budget thisyear, is $27 million. Of this, we actually need only $17 million thiscoming year to meet contractor payments. We do not need $27 million.Under the procedures for construction, the implication is that wewould ask for the full amount.Mrs. Hansen. The committee has had the policy of providing onlythe exact amount needed per year.Mr. Ripley. Yes, Madam Chairman. I am pointing out the exactamount we do need is actually $10 million less than the item given inour budget. The additional personnel and operating funds are neededas a phased proposition to be able to open the building 3 years hence.Mrs. Hansen. Will you explain the need for these funds at this pointin time ?Mr. Collins. Madam Chairman, any large and complicated enter-prise such as filling 200,000 square feet of exhibit space is one whichhas to be preceded by a great deal of planning.Mrs. Hansen. I understand. 977Mr. Collins. Now is the time when we have to build the curatorialstrength to do the research for the necessary exhibits which will fillthe new building. Now is the time that we have to start restoring theold airplanes in the building. Now is the time that we have to buildthe planetarium staff expertise. We really will need a larger workforce in this year than after the museum is open.Mrs. Hansen. You are requesting funds for a mechanical staff.What does this involve ?Mr. Collins. We have a number of electromechanical devices whichwe have planned for these various halls, audiovisual effects. We haveto tell the Boeing 747 story in some other way than parking the Boeing747, which is bigger than a whole building. We have this problem oftelling the story ; the history.Two years ahead we need this staff. We need this expertise.Mr. Ripley. We need to phase into the operation. We need techni-cians and other staff.Mrs. Hansen. These are purely the museum-type technicians ?Mr. Collins. If you could divide the new staff into two groups, oneis workmen out at Silver Hill ; skilled craftsmen who will be restoringthese old artifacts. Second are the people on the Mall who are doingthe necessary research and exhibit design to put it all together.NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARKMrs. Hansen. You are requesting an increase of $150,000 for theNational Zoo. What are the details of this request ?Mr. Ripley. I think Dr. Reed is our specialist, and he had betterspeak to this.Mr. Reed. In this item we are asking for $150,000 increase, which isa rather small percentage increase of our total operation. We considerthis more or less of a holding budget. There are no new increases instaff requested. Mainly we are requesting a general increase for thecost of equipment, supplies, food, and services in small amounts withthe exception of a $70,000 item for the exhibits that we need at the zoo.As you know, for many years we were under the financial support ofthe District of Columbia. During that time we did not have the oppor-tunity to develop a good exhibit program.EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITSMrs. Hansen. Give the committee an example of your educationalexhibits.Mr. Reed. As an example, we are going to redo the monkey house.We are going to have a nice monkey house which will contain graphicdisplays of what a monkey is and how he relates socially to other mon-keys and animals and the entire story of the monkeys through graphics.We are going to use all the museum types of display work.I suspect when you come to the zoo and we have this proper exhibi-tion of the living animals, you are going to know more about the mon-key, and I hope that you will appreciate the monekey more because heis a very important part of life. If one wants to get involved, he is avery distant relative several times removed. This will be one of thethings we are doing. We will have an exhibition which explains the 978 monkey in more detail than just enabling the visitor to see the monkeyand read a simple label saying "Monkey?Africa/' We want to explainthe animals fully for the education of the people.Mrs. Hansen. I assume you want to explain in more detail yourhabitat program?Mr. Reed. Yes ; habitat, ecology, life history of the monkey and hisrelationship to man and to the environment.Mrs. Hansen. Some people are not very interested in this relation-ship.Mr. Reed. We are much concerned with the animals that are threat-ened with extinction. I personally am very much convinced that whenan animal becomes extinct and the habitat of the animal is destroyed,we ourselves are hurt. Eventually we may be left on a sterile desert,a miserable place with the rats and the cockroaches and human beings.If you look into the future, what are we faced with ? This is part ofthe educational thing in the zoo. I think we need to take the lead indeveloping this type of exhibit to tell the people about animals andthe total relationship of all living things.COMPARISON TO OTHER ZOOSMr. Yates. Is this one of the better zoos in the country ?Mr. Reed. In many ways we are one of the better zoos. So far asscience is concerned, we are making more contributions toward sciencethan many other zoos. In the care and management of animals andthe medical program, I think we are good. Exhibition, no.Mrs. Hansen. Would you describe the National Zoo as one of theworst ?Mr. Reed. We are one of the worst major ones. I can always find asmall zoo worse. I am from Norton County, Kans., and the zoo, I willsay if Norton County had a zoo it would be worse than our zoo. Nortondoes not have a zoo. I can always find somebody worse, but I can alwaysfind a lot of people that are unfortunately better in exhibitry.Mrs. Hansen. Give us some examples of zoos that you would con-sider are better?Mr. Reed. Better in exhibitions ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. Reed. We start off with New York. There is a wonderful bird-house and a new technique they are using for their gorillas and orangu-tans in the Bronx. Philadelphia in some aspects, yes. Their new reptilehouse, new hummingbird exhibit, San Diego, Calif., they have fan-tastic exhibits and they have a little advantage in weather on us. Thevery finest penguin exhibit is in Detroit, Open moat-style exhibits arein Detroit, Brookfield, St. Louis, and Milwaukee.Mr. Long. Where would Baltimore stand with Norton County,Kans. ?Mr. Reed. I was afraid you were going to ask that. Actually Balti-more is an old exhibit zoo! It is about as old as we are, maybe a littleolder. There is a little debate when it was actually founded. It was avery good zoo for its day when it was conceived and developed. Itdidn't quite keep up with the rest of the zoos and exhibitions. In thepast 5 or 6 years they have come up very well and they are doing amuch better" job. They have a long way to go, but now I am talking 979about my zoo, too. They say the same thing about our zoo. During thedepression days we kept up fairly well, but in 1945, after the cessationof World War II, other zoos moved ahead and we built a stone toilet.Mr. Yates. I thought that you had a good birdhouse. You comparedwith New York and you thought New York was better?Mr. Reed. New York has a brand new one, built since ours wasremodeled.Mrs. Hansen. Wasn't your birdhouse recently remodeled?Our 1925 birdhouse was remodeled in 1965.Mr. Reed. We spent $1 million on a birdhouse and flight cage. Thatwas the first of our restoration and redevelopment of the zoo. Thatwas 7 years ago. At that time we had a program that was going to take1 years to remodel the whole zoo.MORE NATURAL SETTINGSMr. Long. Are you moving in the direction of letting the animalslive under more natural conditions instead of in cages ?Mr. Reed. Yes. If you take a look at the birdhouse, we had 90 cagesin the buildings, it is now reduced to 40 community cages with plantsand naturalistic cage decorations. In our redeveloped hoofstock area,the pens are three and four times as large as they were before. Familygroups, smaller number of species, fewer, different kinds of animals,but in family groups under simulated natural conditions is what wewill have. Granted we will never have the African veldt or jungle herein Washington, but we can simulate them.Mr. Long. Are you doing this for all animals or just for the birds?Mr. Reed. We plan on doing it for all of the animals. When we getinto the construction phase, I have the plans and can show you allsorts of what I think are very exciting things we are doing.Mrs. Hansen. Then somebody will give you a gift and you will haveto rethink your plans again.Mr. Reed. At the present moment I don't know what somebody couldgive me, unless they found an abominable snowman or, out in yourcountry, a sesquatch. Big foot.Mrs. Hansen. He is talking about the Big Foot in the foothills ofWashington. health program at the zooHow is your health program proceding at the Zoo ? The committeeis very interested in this activity.Mr. Reed. We think the health program is progressing very, verywell. I don't have any startling announcements this year but maybenext year we will have very interesting things to tell you. The problemof selenium?vitamin E deficiencies, gets more and more complex andcomplicated. This is becoming so all over the Nation. We are findingramifications of this problem going further than just the Zoo. We arecontinuing to develop the medical program with other zoos. I thinkwe are taking leadership.Mrs. Hansen. You have complete exchange of information andmaterial ?Mr. Reed. Yes, ma'am. We have an exhaustive exchange of informa-tion with other zoos, both zoologically and medically, that do this. This 980 is part of our job, to gather information, find out new things. We havetwo veterinarians and a pathology service at the zoo. We are furnish-ing leadership to other zoos in gathering knowledge and disseminatingit like we were told to do 127 years ago.PANDA EXHIBITMr. Yates. Doesn't your panda exhibit make you the envy of otherzookeepers in the country ?Mr. Reed. The panda makes me the envy of other zookeepers but itdoes cause troubles.Mr. Yates. What is your trouble, keeping them alive ?Mr. Reed. There is an old Russian saying, when the czar has a coldall Russia sneezes. We are concerned with the most precious animals inthis country. It is quite a responsibility to have the pandas. We likethem.Mr. Yates. Has the President inquired about their health ?Mr. Reed. He has not.Mr. Evans. How are they ?Mr. Reed. Healthwise they are fine. They are great animals. Bringyour family to the zoo. We have a golf cart and we can run around thezoo and see all the animals. I won't try to influence you.Mr. Yates. Are they mean to each other ?Mr. Reed. The male is 30 pounds lighter than the female, but he isslowly catching up with her. I might say that we do not wish to havefemale dominance so we won't put them together, until he is nearer herweight.Mrs. Hansen. You better choose your words carefully when you talkabout female dominance.Mr. Reed. Madam Chairman, I invite you to come to the zoo. Youand I will look at the beasts and have a talk about that, not on therecord, as to why I do not want to have female dominance and needcomplete male dominance for about 1 hour a year and a half from now.After that she can dominate anything she wants.Mr. Long. We enjoy female dominance in this subcommittee.Mr. Reed. I am sure Hsing Hsing will agree.Mr. Yates. What are the possibilities of getting other pandas forother zoos?Mr. Reed. I would suspect?and this is strictly my judgment?thatobtaining additional pandas would be difficult.Mrs. Hansen. Is the panda an endangered species?Mr. Reed. I don't know. Only the Chinese know, and I have difficultygetting that information.To answer your question as to my judgment of the situation inChina, they know the value of these animals. They say that they arerare, but we could not get a definition of what the Chinese scientistsfeel was rare. They also know the political value of these animals,and they are not going to be passing them out. Other than Japan ? this was on a very high level?and the United States, they have notgiven them to any other country.I suspect they would keep the value of these animals up by lettingonly a limited number out. They will not deal in money. This issomething that came across loud and clear ; they are not interested in 981our money. They are not interested in economic imperialism or scien-tific imperialism. They will be treated as equals.Mr. Yates. You sound as though they had spayed the animals tomake sure you don't get any more.Mr. Evans. Have you checked that?Mr. Reed. To the best of our ability we have checked. We will beable to tell you, I think, in about another year as to whether that istrue. She is supposed to come into season in about another year. Sheis still young. I will keep you posted.Do come out and we will have a talk.Mrs. Hansen. I will get there eventually.NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGYAn increase of $150,000 and three positions is requested for theMuseum of History and Technology for better collections manage-ment. What does this request envision ?Mr. Brooks. I would like to ask Mr. Blitzer, Assistant Secretaryfor History and Art, to respond.Mr. Blitzer. Madam Chairman, this is a continuation and an accele-ration of the program begun with your help last year. We finallyinstituted a museumwide system of collections management and record-keeping in the Museum of History and Technology. As you know,some 16 million objects are in this collection. The problems varybetween collections enormously.Mrs. Hansen. How many of your 16 million objects do you displayat one time ?Mr. Blitzer. It would be a wild guess. Let me say 12 million of themare postage stamps. A small fraction of the 16 million are on display.On the other hand, there are enormous reference collections. We arenot satisfied that we have proper control over them and knowledgeof their whereabouts.national collection or fine artsMrs. Hansen. You have budgeted for the National Collection ofFine Arts a $97,000 increase. What does this involve ?Mr. Blitzer. Of that, $75,000 is a program increase. The rest isnecessary pay. The $75,000 we are asking for is all for the additionalexpenses to the National Collection of Fine Arts of the KenwickGallery that has proved to be enormously popular in a little morethan a year.Mrs. Hansen. How many visitations do you have at the RenwickGallery and the Portrait Gallery, per year ?Mr. Blitzer. Let me say, the figure for Renwick is something inexcess of 200,000 a year. Because of the subway construction we canno longer sort out the visitors to the old Patent Office Building andsay which goes to the National Collection of Fine Arts and which goesto the Portrait Gallery. The total for the building in this difficulttime has been about a quarter of a million. In effect, the opening ofthe Renwick is virtually doubling the visits to the National Collectionof Fine Arts, of which it is a branch. 982HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDENMrs. Hansen. Justify your requested increase of $150,000 and 14positions for the Hirshhorn to prepare for opening and operating themuseum.Mr. Blitzer. Madam Chairman, this request is simply for staff thatwe feel is necessary in the year in which the Hirshhorn Museum willopen.Mrs. Hansen. What positions do you expect to fill ?Mr. Blitzer. Of the 14, 3 are to establish an education depart-ment in the museum.Mrs. Hansen. Which will encompass what ?Mr. Blitzer. It will prepare materials for schoolchildren and othereducational audiences, and will run tours and the usual kind of educa-tional programs for a major museum. Four people will be engaged inconservation and carpentry work in the Museum's own workshops.Mrs. Hansen. Continually ?Mr. Blitzer. Yes, ma'am. Such jobs as picture frames and cases andpedestals, and working on the collections themselves. One will be aphotographer on the staff of the Museum. Four will be in registrar ac-tivities and administration of the Museum, and we hope in this comingfiscal year to be able to hire a Deputy Director and Secretary for theDeputy Director. This is called for in the act. We have not felt it wasurgent to fill this job, but now, with the Museum becoming operational,we feel we should.At the end, if we add 14 positions, that gives a total staff in 1974of 37.Mrs. Hansen. You are a year away from the opening ?Mr. Blitzer. Yes. acquisition or objects of artMrs. Hansen. In relation to the National Collection of Fine Artsand the Portrait Gallery, is Congress requested to appropriate fundsfor the acquisition of objects of art? Aren't most of your objects of artsecured through donations?Mr. Blitzer. Appropriated funds have been used by the PortraitGallery, which was started a few years ago with no collection to speakof at all, and by the National Collection of Fine Arts.Mrs. Hansen. Have you made any purchases in recent years ?Mr. Blitzer. Yes; we have. They have been described to you eachyear.Mrs. Hansen. Were you also involved in exchanges ?Mr. Blitzer. I think, Madam Chairman, you are referring to sales,which we used to have conversations about. There have been no dispo-sitions by these museums. They have continued to purchase.Mrs. Hansen. How much per year do you spend on acquisitions ?Mr. Jameson. The Portrait Gallery spends about $100,000, orslightly over, out of its base for the acquisition of portraits.Mrs. Hansen. What does the Renwick Gallery spend ?Mr. Blitzer. The Renwick Gallery has no collection of its own.Mr. Yates. What about the National Collection of Fine Arts?Mr. Jameson. They spend $40,000 to $50,000 a year for paintings,prints, and drawings. 983Mr. Blitzer. Given current market prices, this is not even one majorpainting for either of those museums. The Portrait Gallery in par-ticular, having started with a very large mission and very small col-lection, has been purchasing.Mrs. Hansen. Do you receive gifts for the Portrait Gallery ?Mr. Blitzer. Certainly. I would have to verify to be sure, but Iwould say in every case each museum gets more in gifts than it pur-chases.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record a statement on purchase andgifts of works of art.Mr. Blitzer. I will provide that information for the record.[The information follows :]PURCHASES AND GIFTS OF WORKS OF ART Fiscal year?1971(actual) 1972(actual) 1973(estimated) National Collection of Fine Arts:Purchases $48,500 $51,930 $49,183Gifts (estimated value) _ 350,000 260,000 119,915National Portrait Gallery:Purchases.... 103,000 78,000 136,500Gifts (estimated value) 78,500 174,500 42,000 Smithsonian budget justifications to the Congress have often mentioned theuse of funds for purchasing works of art for the collections, noting that theamounts available for the purpose are too small. Regular mention of this subjecthas been made during the years since the 1968 opening of the National Collectionof Fine Arts and the National Portrait Gallery in their permanent home in theold Patent Office Building. The reason is that the National Portrait Gallery isa new museum in the process of assembling a collection, and the National Col-lection of Fine Arts is a museum working at filling in the many gaps in a collec-tion that was not assembled systematically. In both cases, the collection is thebasis upon which the museum does its job.Effective use has been made of the modest acquisition funds, due in great partto the help of the distinguished accessions committees of the National PortraitGallery Commission and the National Collection of Fine Arts Commission.The question of acquisition funds has not arisen in the budget justificationsof the other Smithsonian art museums because none are using Federal funds forthis purpose. DISTRIBUTION OF GIFTS OF ARTMr. Yates. If the Smithsonian receives gifts of contemporaryAmerican art, to whom will it go, to Hirshhorn or to the NationalCollection of Fine Arts ?Mr. Blitzer. There are two things. Most gifts come earmarked toone museum or another. If that case should arise, which is certainlypossible, we now have an internal arrangement that the Director ofeach museum is on the Acquisitions Committee of the other museum.We hope in this way to keep things sorted out. I suppose finally itmight come right down to the Secretary, who would have to make aSolomon-like decision about it.Mr. Yates. Offer to cut it in half.Mr. Long. Would the chairman yield ? 984LOSS OF TAXES RESULTING FROM GIFTSOn this question of gifts, to what extent are they gifts and to whatextent are they a drain on the U.S. Treasury in the form of tax deduc-tions ? I gather that there are all sorts of arrangements by which a per-son can give something which he got for nothing and get an appraisal,claim a tax deduction on it, and then give it away. Not just to theGovernment but to a museum. Does anybody estimate what these giftsare costing the taxpayers, the rest of the country, in terms of forgonetaxes ?Mr. Blitzer. I don't think we have. I may say we have been by nomeans accepting everything offered to us. We have commissionsor acquisition committees who decide what the museum gets.Mr. Long. You don't turn anything down on the ground it is costingthe country money ?Mr. Blitzer. No; these are artistic judgments, not fiscal judgments.Mrs. Hansen. If I recall your testimony a couple of years ago, youwere having some difficulties with the gifts because the stock marketwas down and therefore people were not contributing as they had inthe past. Is that correct ?Mr. Blitzer. I think that is correct.Mr. Long. A gift of a painting or object is in a different category.If the money is given to the Smithsonian, it is well known what moneyis worth, so they are going to have to be taxed to pay. Now when agift of a painting in a library is made to the Smithsonian or to Harvard,I don't think it is any secret that generous appraisals are gotten onthis. They would never have gotten it if they had kept it in the family.If they kept that item in the family and gave it to a son, I bet youanything that the value at which it is given to the museum is neverattached to that object at the time of the gift. It is partially inflatedvalue and therefore a dead loss, it would seem to me, to the Treasury.Mr. Blitzer. May I add two things to that ?All of our museums scrupulously avoid giving any financial ap-praisals of anything. This is not our concern.Mr. Long. They get them on their own ?Mr. Blitzer. That is between the donor and the IRS. The InternalRevenue Service has an art advisory panel made up of distinguishedpeople to whom it turns for advice about that.Mrs. Hansen. Place the names of your art advisory panels in therecord.Mr. Blitzer. Each of our museums has one.[The information follows :]National Collection of Fine Arts Commissionaccessions committeeH. Page Cross.Lloyd Goodrich.Charles H. Sawyer.Thomas C. Howe (ex officio).Abram Lerner (ex officio). 985National Portrait Gallery Commissionacquisitions committeeDavid E. Finley.Wilmarth S. Lewis.Andrew Oliver.Edgar P. Richardson.Board of Trustees, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gardencommittee on collectionsH. Harvard Aranson, Chairman.Theodore E. Cummings.Taft Schrieber.Brian O'Doherty.William Seitz.Joshua C. Taylor (ex officio) . DECISIONS ON ACQUISITIONSMr. Long. Do you check with each other ?Mr. Blitzer. With the IES ? Not usually.Mr. Long. Is there any attempt to make sure they agree on the valueof a piece of art ?Mr. Blitzer. We don't deal in financial valuations for donors.Mr. Long. You simplyMr. Blitzer. We do when asked by the Congress. If a donor comesand says, "I have a painting"Mr. Long. You don't find any value for it at all ? Decide whether itis meritorious and accept it ?Mr. Blitzer. We simply decide whether we want it.Mrs. Hansen. If it belongs in the collection or not ?Mr. Blitzer. Yes.Mr. Long. Thank you.ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. You are requesting an increase of $31,000 for theAnacostia Neighborhood Museum. Please explain this increase.Mr. Brooks. To answer that and subsequent questions, may I in-troduce Mr. Julian Euell, our Acting Assistant Secretary for PublicService.Mrs. Hansen. We are delighted to welcome you.Mr. Euell. Thank you very much.You might recall last year we said that we were starting out on anew venture in Anacostia with the Exhibits Design and ProductionLab. We are well down the road in this respect. The increase, whichis very small, provides for three positions. Of these three positions,two are related to the ongoing exhibits operation and the phasing in ofthe Exhibits Design and Production Laboratory. As you may know,we are now finalizing the negotiations with the National Park Servicefor the land at Fort Stanton for the Lab. The agreement is for a 50-year lease and took some time to negotiate. The architect has finished 986 a design, and I might add this is a predesigned, prefab-type move-able structure. We expect to be almost completely finished with con-struction by late summer or fall. We are also waiting now for the finalword from a major foundation which will be coming up with a grantby March, we hope.By the end of March we will know the exact dollar amount. Thegrant will be used to finance the training for the exhibits lab and totrain community people as well as other minority people in the ex-hibit-making skills.Mr. Evans. One-time grant ?Mr. Etjell. No, we anticipate that this grant will extend over 5years.Mrs. Hansen. For the benefit of the new members on the committee,I think the Anacostia Museum has been one of the most successfulmuseums in the United States, particularly as it relates to peoplein poorer sections of the city. It has been really a center of interestfor all of the people in the area. I am delighted to see that you planto have the people work in the exhibits design and production withall of the varying crafts.Mr. Euell. I agree with what you are saying, but over and abovethat, the real significance of Anacostia is in the process itself, whatwe have learned from the whole notion of the community scene. Asyou know, many large museums across the Nation have been interestedin what they call satellites. You have heard the word "'storefrontmuseum" bandied around for the last 10 years. There is no such thingrealistically in terms of a museum. We discovered that. It has to be amuch more viable program. Anacostia has established a model forother communities to follow if they want to get into this kind ofthing.Mrs. Hansen. Haven't your visitations consistently grown ?EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMSMr. Euell. Yes ; especially in the education area. We have a mobileunit, which is one of the reasons we are asking for an additional clerk-typist position for the educational department. The mobile unit nowhas extended well beyond the metropolitan area and is getting requestsfrom Maryland, Virginia, and other schools where Anacostia's is theonly mobile unit, which goes out with exhibits, materials, show-and-tell type things. It is in line with what we are doing generally and whatwe need to do. In all the Smithsonian's educational areas, we are devel-oping outreach-type programs. We have to go out to the schools as wellas having schools come into the Mall. We really must begin to do this.I would like to provide for the record some statistics on our educationefforts at this museum.[The information follows :]Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, education department, 1972 statisticalsummaryTotal attendance at the museum 44,597Total number served through the mobile division 27, 274Total 71, 871Approximate number who came with tour groups 33, 000Total number of institutions and groups served 177 987List of Schools and Othee Institutions and Groups Served by the EducationDepartment of the Anacostia Neighborhood Museumothers (in town) (23)Hagley Museum.Museum Education Roundtable.Peace Lutheran Church.Bethesda Lutheran Church.Montana Day Camp.East Washington Heights Baptist Church.FLOC Learning Center.Rap Liberation School.Early Childhood Learning Center.St. Elizabeths Hospital.Girl Scouts Conference (nationwide).N.W. Settlement House.LeDroit Park Senior Citizens.First Mount Zion.National Children's Center.Israel Summer Academy.Hunt PI. Clinic.Lincoln Center.District of Columbia General Therapeutic School.Anacostia School Project.Salvation Army Senior Citizens.Shiloh Baptist Church.Ellen Wilson Center. OTHERS (OUT OF TOWN) mShaw Junior High School (Philadelphia, Pa.)Deveen High School (Chicago, 111.)MARYLAND SCHOOLS (11)Fairmont Heights Senior High School. 1Bladensburg Senior High School. 1Oakcrest Elementary School.1Rosecroft Park Elementary School.Greendale Elementary School.John Carroll Elementary School.Randolph Village Elementary School.Model Cities Day Care.Crosslands Senior High School.Columbia Park Elementary School.Sherwood Elementary School.VIRGINIA SCHOOLS (6)Braddock Elementary School.Ravensworth Elementary School.Hayfield Senior High School.Wakefield Senior High School.Langley Coop School.Charlottsville, Va. High School.COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND OTHERS 115)Dunbarton College.Baltimore Museum of Art.National Park Service.Smithsonian Institution : Friends of Music.Ladies Committee.University of Islam.D.C. Teachers' College.University of Delaware. 1 Visited by the mobile division of the museum. 988Science Center Conference.Philadelphia College of Art.University of Maryland.District of Columbia Art Teachers.George Washington University.Federal City College.Washington Technical Institute.Howard University. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SCHOOLS (10)Clark Elementary School.Garfield Elementary School.Green Elementary School.Hendley Elementary School.Kimball Elementary School.McGogney Elementary School Annex.Orr Elementary School.Kramer Junior High School.Douglass Junior High School.Johnson Junior High School. PBESCHOOLS (1)Valley Green Preschool. OTHER (2)Walter Reed Hospital.District of Columbia Recreation Department Senior Citizen Program.MARYLAND SCHOOLS (14)Duvall Senior High School.Central Senior High School.Rogers Elementary School.Fairmont Heights Senior High School.Fairmont Heights Elementary School.Bladensburg Senior High School.Seat Pleasant Elementary School.Douglass Senior High School.Oxon Hill Senior High School.Mt. Hope Elementary School.Indian Head Elementary School.Oak Crest Elementary School.F. B. Gwinn School for the Retarded.Samuel Mudd Elementary School.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SCHOOLS (49)Anacostia High School.Eckington Elementary School.Grimke Elementary School.Ann Beers Elementary School.Harris Elementary School.Alice Deal Jr. High School.1Savoy Elementary School.116th & Butler Elementary School.Birney Elementary School.1Rudolph Elementary School.Taylor Elementary School.Stevens Elementary School.West Elementary School.Bryant Elementary School.Barnard Elementary School.Randall Highlands Elementary School.Ketcham Elementary School.Draper Elementary School. 1Fillmore Elementary School.See footnote on p. 990. 989Congress Heights Elementary School.1Green Elementary School.Coolidge High School.Watkins Elementary School.Gordon Jr. High School.Nichols Ave. Primary School.Seaton Elementary School.Moten Elementary School.1Weatherless Elementary School.Lennox Elementary School.Bancroft Elementary School.Hart Jr. High School.Stanton Elementary School.1Tyler Elementary School.Lewis Elementary School.Young Elementary School.Shepherd Elementary School.Taft Jr. High School.Capitol Hill Day School.Notre Dame Academy.Ballou Sr. High School. 1Houston Elementary School.Our Lady of Perpetual Help School.Kramer Jr. High School.Kimball Elementary School.Aiton Elementary School.LaSalle Elementary School.1McGogney Elementary School.1Jefferson Jr. High School.Eastern High School.1PBESCHOOLS, NURSERIES, HEADSTART (44)Children's Place.Allen AME.St. Mark's Headstart.HEW Day Care Center.1Wellington Park Day Care Center.Campbell Day Care Center.Hart Pre-School.Barry Farms Pre-School.Mt. Jezreal Nursery School.Lomax Child Care Center.All Of Us Day Care Center.Adams Day Care Center.Parkside Nursery.Woodridge Pre-School.15th St. Presbyterian Church.Sherwood Pre-School.Bald Eagle Pre-School.Alexandria Headstart.Anacostia Pre-School.Alice in Wonderland Nursery.Model Pre-School Headstart.Playmates Day Nursery.Ft. Davis Improvement Association.Fun Alley Day Care Center.Bethlehem Baptist Church Day Care Center.Ft. Greble Pre-School.Tyler House Day Care Center.Arboretum Pre-School.Hayes Day Care Center.St. Teresa's Headstart.Westmoreland Day Care Center.Ludlow Day Care Center.See footnote on p. 990. 990Edmonds' Nursery.Park Terrace Day Care Center.Augustana Pre-School.Howard Gardens Day Care Center.Salvation Army Day Care Center.Hopkins House Day Care Center.Paint Branch Play Group.Mary Poppins Nursery Group.St. Philip's Headstart.Emmanuel Headstart.Capitol East Children Center.Episcopal Center for Children. 1 Visited by the Mobile Division of the Museum.Mrs. Hansen. I think it will be very significant in many Stateswhere they are some distance from a museum. They can be part of atotal museum activity through this kind of outreach program.EXCHANGE OF OBJECTSMr. Yates. May I return to the other museum for a second and askyou whether or not any of the museums other than Freer, I know hasno power to exchange, but have any of the others other than Hirsh-horn the power to exchange any of their objects for other objects?Who makes the values and so forth ?Mr. Blitzer. Any particular object is subject to the terms on whichit came to us. Over the past 125 years, the Smithsonian has acceptedsome objects with an understanding it would always keep them.Mr. Yates. Keep them and not exchange them or release them forother objects which they considered more valuable ?Mr. Blitzer. There is a whole spectrum of terms which our GeneralCounsel has to advise us on.For example, the Johnson Wax Co. about 6 years ago gave us areally first-rate collection of contemporary American paintings. Mymemory of that is that it came with at least an understanding, if not areal commitment, that we would maintain the artists represented in thecollection, but if there were other paintings of the same artist thatwe preferred to the one in the collection, we could exchange it. Theywanted the shape of the collection to stay the same.There are others that simply cannot be disposed of at all. We nowhave for the National Collection of Fine Arts and the National Por-trait Gallery a formal policy adopted by the Regents several yearsago which we have told you about before.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert a copy of that policy in the record.Mr. Blitzer. This requires a full number of approvals all the wayup the line, starting with the curator and, if the amount is largeenough, the Board of Regents.(The information follows:)Policy on Disposing of Art Works(Adopted at the Board of Regents meeting May 20, 1970)Resolved, That no object of art in the permanent collection of the NationalPortrait Gallery or the National Collection of Fine Arts valued at more than$1,000 shall be exchanged or sold without prior approval of the museum director,the museum's commission, the Smithsonian's Office of General Counsel, and of theSecretary ; 991That no object of art in the permanent collection of the National PortraitGallery or the National Collection of Fine Arts valued at more than $50,000shall be exchanged or sold without prior approval of the museum director, themuseum's commission, the Smithsonian's Office of General Counsel, the Secretary,and the Board of Regents ;That the exchange or sale of any object of art in the National Portrait Gal-lery or the National Collection of Fine Arts shall be reported to the Board ofRegents by the Secretary ; andThat the proceeds from any such sale shall be used solely for the acquisitionsof works of art for the museum from which it came.freer's ability to exchange or accept giftsMr. Yates. Mr. Freer is long dead. Can those objects in his collec-tions be replaced, exchanged, or moved with the consent of the heirs ?Mr. Blitzer. No, sir. This is final.Mr. Yates. That is a building that houses those objects until theend of time ?Mr. Blitzer. It is a growing collection if the Freer endowment isable, even with rising prices, to acquire fine things for the collection.Mrs. Hansen. Do you ever receive gifts for the Freer Gallery ?Mr. Blitzer. Yes; but it is a strange situation. The Freer Gallerywas not allowed to accept gifts except from five people named in thewill. The last survivor was Mrs. Agnes Meyer, of the Washington Post.Since she died, they have been unable to accept gifts from anyone.Mr. Yates. They cannot accept gifts now ?Mr. Blitzer. Not works of art, but, please, for the record, they canaccept gifts of money.CONSERVATION-ANALYTICAL LABORATORYMrs. Hansen. An increase of $100,000 and 5 positions is reguestedfor the conservation-analytical laboratory for preservation and con-servation of Smithsonian collections.Will you give us the highlights of this request ?Mr. Brooks. Mr. Perrot appeared before you earlier today, but Iwould like to introduce him formally, as he joined us since your lasthearing as Assistant Secretary for Museum Programs. He was for-merly the director of the Corning Museum of Glass.Mr. Perrot. The main reason for the increase is that the museumsaround the country are becoming increasingly aware that mere res-toration of objects is no longer sufficient if we want to be able to passon our collections to the futu re.At the present time, it is estimated that in the Smithsonian alone,32 man-years would be required to carefully examine and assess thecondition of objects which are added yearly to the Smithsonian col-lection. There are at present 14 persons on the staff, of which 2 areapprentices provided by the Cooperstown graduate program conserva-tion at Copperstown, N.Y. Hence, there are 12 professional and per-manent staff supported by 2 assistants.The needs for conservation are great, not only in terms of the tak-ing care of objects, but also in determining why certain types of ob-jects disintegrate and what we can do to combat the problem of pol-lution as well as the inherent vice of materials which react to it.Mrs. Hansen. All part of museum management? 93-397 O - 73 - 63 992Mr. Perrot. Yes.Mrs. Hansen. Under changing conditions ?Mr. Perrot. Changing conditions and keeping up with the demand,not unfortunately in catching up with what has not been done inthe past.We estimate now at least 40 and possibly 50 to 60 persons wouldbe needed in the conservation laboratory really to take care of thecollections that have accumulated over the last 127 years.The budget proposal for 1974 calls for five additional positions.Two are conservators, two are chemists, and one is a support assistant.In addition, equipment has been included to allow these personsto carry out their task as they should.Not having experience in this kind of testimony before, I do notknow if I should refer to capital construction or at least space de-velopment, which is listed in another part of the budget.OFFICE OF EXHIBITS PROGRAMSMrs. Hansen. An increase of $300,000 and 15 positions are re-quested for the Office of Exhibits Programs.What are the details of this request ?Mr. Perrot. The Office of Exhibits is currently responsible for theentire exhibition activities of the Smithsonian with the exception ofwork done at the Freer, the National Portrait Gallery, and the Na-tional Collection of Fine Arts.Most of the increase is in compensation, with a 15-position increasein personnel. These 15 persons are in the lower grade levels, and pri-marily will be assigned to maintenance tasks, keeping exhibition casesclean, removing cobwebs, and so forth.We have found, over the years, that this aspect of upkeep has fallensomewhat behind desirable standards. A substantial part of the in-crease will be devoted to that.Other areas of increase are to keep up with the growing demand onthe part of museums for revamped exhibitions, particularly theMuseum of Natural History, which has not received quite as muchattention as it might have in the past as compared to some of the moreactive exhibit-oriented museums. Under its new leadership, it wantsto catch up. TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICEMrs. Hansen. Justify your requested increase of $80,000 and fivepositions for Traveling Exhibition Service.What is the benefit in converting four private employees to theFederal payroll ?Mr. Perrot. The Traveling Exhibition Service until this year hasbeen privately funded. It has been in existence for about 20 years. Itprovides low-cost exhibitions to hundreds of institutions around thecountry.At the present time, there are approximately 1,700 institutions onits mailing list, and over 100 exhibitions are circulated.This, in the past, has been a nearly breakeven proposition in thatminimal rental fees were charged to defray the cost of the service. Weare finding it increasingly difficult to keep the rental fees of these 993 exhibitions within reasonable bounds. With constantly increasingcosts, smaller museums around the country, student unions, librariesjust cannot afford to rent exhibitions from the other traveling exhibi-tion services which are available.The Smithsonian over the last 20 years has filled this gap. This ispart of our outreach service.In addition, we are conscious of the fact that we have vast resourcesin materials and expertise, and that these resources are not shared asmuch as they might be with the rest of the country.We cannot break up the collections, obviously, but we can selectivelychoose items from the collections for traveling exhibition purposes.Mrs. Hansen. Give us an example.Mr. Perrot. For example, exhibitions in ceramics, some types ofIndian materials, and American glass. There is an increasing demandfor exhibitions on urban problems, and particularly urban planning,photography, architecture, and so forth.For some of these, we draw on the resources of other organizations,and we just circulate the exhibitions.I do not like to see in the record the fact that less than 5 percent ofthe exhibitions now being prepared include objects from the Smith-sonian collections. We want to increase this considerably. There is ademand on the part of the public.The $80,000 provided in the 1974 budget will enable us to increasethe size of the staff and develop a cohesive pilot education program.Sending out exhibitions alone is not sufficient. They should be accom-panied with supplementary material that can be shared with the schoolsso that the learning experience becomes more meaningful.NATIONAL MUSEUM ACTMrs. Hansen. You are requesting an increase of $100,000 for grantsunder the National Museum Act.What are the details of this program ?Mr. Perrot. The National Museum Act was funded for the first timein 1972. It is intended primarily as a professional upgrading programthrough the sponsorship of activities and of institutions that providetraining, through the sponsorship of seminars and conferences in mu-seum administration, and through the funding of training programsin colleges and universities.We received in 1973 approximately $800,000, of which $200,000,$100,000 each, by legislative requirement, goes to the National En-dowments for the Arts and for the Humanities. This sum is used bythese endowments for purposes which are germane to the general in-tent of the National Museum Act. That is, primarily for trainingwithin areas that the act itself does not support.We have received for fiscal year 1973 over $6 million of applicationsfor support under the National Museum Act, but effectively have only$600,000 to meet these needs.We would like, eventually, for the act to reach its authorized ceilingof $1 million. It has not been possible for us to reach this ceiling inthe past, and it does not seem feasible for us to do so this year.The requested increase of $100,000 will be used primarily for up-grading, for workshops, seminars, conducted either by universities andcolleges or by professional organizations. 994AMERICAN REVOLUTION BICENTENNIAL PROGRAMMrs. Hansen. You are requesting $1 million increase for the Bicen-tennial programs. You have specific projects listed as follows : "A Na-tion of Nations, Ecology USA/200, Centennial?1876," "The Artistand the American Scene," and a series of exhibits on the Revolutionaryperiod. Scholarly projects listed as follows : "Inventory of AmericanPaintings before 1914," "Bibliography of American Art (Archives ofAmerican Art)," and "Encyclopedia of North American Indians."I thought the Indian encyclopedia was about to be completed ?Mr. Blitzer. The work is proceeding rapidly. The funds requestedin the Bicentennial budget are for publication. That is, essentially forprinting the encyclopedia.Mrs. Hansen. Will you charge for this publication ?Mr. Blitzer. I expect we will do it through the Government Print-ing Office, and it will be sold by the Superintendent of Documents fora reasonable price.Mrs. Hansen. This will be in high demand, at least by students ofIndian history.Mr. Blitzer. It will be the definitive work in one area.Mrs. Hansen. What do you envision your traveling exhibits willentail ?Mr. Blitzer. I have a brief statement prepared by the very brightand able man we have hired to help us on our traveling exhibitionprograms; a man who is famous for imaginative exhibits such as theone in New York called the Lower East Side, and the wonderful thinghe did on the Erie Canal, an exhibit on a barge that went downthe canal.Mrs. Hansen. Insert the statement in the record. We are very inter-ested in this project.(The document follows :)Smithsonian National Bicentennial Traveling Exhibition ProgramsWashington will be the central arena for Bicentennial celebrations. Bventhough 25 million visitors may come to Washington to celebrate the Nation's 200thanniversary, over 200 million people will celebrate it at home. National celebra-tions will be different from local celebrations. National celebrations will beconcerned with the broad ouitines of American history, the growth of the entireNation and all of its peoples. The local celebrations will clearly reflect the spiritof America ; they will be people oriented ; they will tell the stories of the peoplewho founded local communities and the people who live there now. In these localcelebrations there will be the opportunity for people all across the country todemonstrate pride in who they are, where they live, what they do. and wherethey come from.The Smithsonian Institution is planning a wide range of exhibitions and re-lated programs which should make it possible for every community to create itsown celebration which will be clearly related to the main currents of the Nation'shistory, growth, and development. During the current year, we are working onseveral prototypes which demonstrate what these exhibitions will be and howthese programs will function. l. exhibitions of original artifactsHistorical societies and museums will want to have exhibitions that includeartifacts which are not represented in their collections or otherwise not avail-able for people in their communities to see. We plan to produce "The Evolutionof an American Culture," a series of 16 exhibitions which include the followingsubjects: (1) food-agriculture, (2) food-cooking, (3) shelter, (4) clothing, (5) 995toys and games, (6) postage, (7) money, (8) glass, (9) silver, (10) ceramics, (11)furniture, (12) textiles, (13) advertising, (14) land transportation, (15) marinetransportation, and (16) air transportation.We estimate that each exhibition will be seen in at least 10 locations within thecalendar year 1976, and that an average of 3,000 people will see it at each loca-tion. "The Evolution of an American Culture" series of exhibits with originalartifacts should reach an audience of 480,000 during the calendar year 1976.At this time, we are producing the first prototype for the series, "AmericanCoverlets." In addition to including a group of coverlets from the collection ofthe Textile Division of the National Museum of History and Technology, the ex-hibition will include 20 illustrated and text panels that describe the history ofcoverlets and the processes involved in making them : Spinning, weaving, anddyeing. In addition, there will be a slide and audiotape sequence demonstratinga weaver singing traditional weaving songs while he works. 2. MULTIPLE EXHIBITS : POSTER-PANEL EXHIBITSMany historical societies, museums, libraries, schools, colleges, and communitycenters will not be able to utilize exhibitions which contain original artifacts.They will be interested in exhibitions that are flexible and easy to display. Ourposter-panel exhibits will consist of 20 lightweight sheets of paper, 25 by 38inches, which can be displayed anywhere from a gallery to a gymnasium.They will be used as a catalyst which provides a core of basic information towhich people can add : Artifacts, photographs, films, audiotapes, videotapes, pressclippings, pages from books, drawings, or anything else which they consider tobe appropriate."The Evolution of an American Culture" will also be produced as poster-panelexhibits. Therefore, the same information which was assembled for an individualexhibition will be used again in mass-produced form and will be available atconsiderably less cost. During the coming year, the "American Coverlets" exhi-bition will be mass produced as the first multiple prototype.We plan to have a press run of 1,000 editions of each title in "The Evolutionof an American Culture" series. We estimate that each poster-panel exhibitunit will be seen by at least 500 persons. Therefore, these exhibits should reachat least 12 million persons in the calendar year 1976. 3. MULTIPLE EXHIBITS J EXHIBIT PORTFOLIOSMany museums, historical societies, libraries, schools, colleges, and communitycenters will want to have informal exhibits dealing with additional subjects thatcover a wider spectrum of interests. Therefore, we have created another series : "The United States : From the Age of Discovery to 1976." The 24 topics in thisseries include : (1) Native Americans (2) First Explorers (3) Colonization andEstablishment of an American Identity (4) Crisis and Rebellion: 1764-76 (5)Signers of the Declaration of Independence: 1776 (6) Naval and Military Bat-tles: 1775-83 (7) Birth of a New Nation (8) Opening the Frontiers (9) Froman Agriculture Colony to an Industrial Nation (10) Centennial Years: 1876 (11)The Immigrant Experience (12) Slavery and Abolition (13) The Search forUtopia (14) Dissent (15) Disease and Hygiene (16) Mechanization of Labor(17) From an Industrial Nation to a World Power (18) Evolution of a BlackCommunity (19) Evolution of an Urban Community (20) Evolution of a Subur-ban Community (21) Evolution of a Rural Community (22) American Artists:17th and 18th Century (23) American Artists; 19th Century, and (24) AmericanArtists : 20th Century.With our exhibit portfolios teachers, students, librarians and communityworkers will be able to create their own exhibits of any size anywhere. Eachexhibit portfolios will be a compact boxed portfolio considering of 50 photographsor illustrations, printed on 11 by 14 inch durable paper with a separate four-pageinsert. Each portfolio could be used to create an exhibit in itself, or it couldbecome the core of an exhibit to which you could add press clippings, pages frombooks, other photographs, statements, drawings, and photographs or illustrationsfrom other portfolios in the series.With exhibit portfolios you can mix and match text and images from oneportfolio with those from another. For example, if you wish to create an exhibitthat surveys labor in the United States, you could combine selected illustrationsfrom : First Explorers, Colonization and Establishment of an American Identity, 996Opening the Frontiers, Slavery and Abolition, The Immigrant Experience, Mech-anization of Labor, and From an Industrial Nation to a World Power. If youwant to create an exhibit on American idealism, you could combine illustrationsfrom : Colonization and Establishment of an American Identity, Signers of theDeclaration of Independence, Opening the Frontier, The Immigrant Experience,The Search for Utopia, Dissent, and From an Industrial Nation to a WorldPower. The pictures and text from these 24 exhibit portfolios can be arrangedin an almost infinite number of combinationsMr. Blitzer. We have others, but this is the main thrust of ourtraveling exhibit program.BICENTENNIAL FESTIVAL OF AMERICAN FOLKLIFEMrs. Hansen. You also plan a Bicentennial Festival of AmericanFolklife. Will that be located in Washington, D.C. ?Mr. Blitzer. Yes. We are also talking, I might say, with the StateDepartment and the arts endowment about the possibility of gettingmore for our money by having them arrange to send these same groupsaround the country. We do not feel we are in a position to do that, butwe are doing enormous research to get exactly the right people andto bring them here.EXHIBITS DESIGN AND PRODUCTION LABORATORYMrs. Hansen. What do you envision for your Exhibits Design andProduction Laboratory at Anacostia ?Mr. Blitzer. That is the laboratory Mr. Euell was talking about.Mr. Euell. I had included that because each one is interrelated. Theitem here that we see for exhibits under Bicentennial for 1974 wouldthen begin to give us fimding to prepare exhibits not only for themetropolitan area, but also to travel.These exhibits would be primarily focused on minority group topics.I might add, in terms of the Division of Performing Arts and theBicentennial, that this year we will begin to enlarge the program to10 days so we may gain the kind of experience we need by 1976 tohandle the tremendous logistics that will be involved in a 3- or 4-monthfestival.We are changing the format somewhat, and experimenting withdifferent kinds of formats at this point.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PROGRAMMrs. Hansen. Please explain the $530,000 program reductions forthe environmental sciences program and the major exhibition program.Why are there no staff decreases if the program is being reduced?Mr. Brooks. Dr. Challinor will speak to that.Mr. Challinor. These 8 positions in the environmental sciences pro-gram are people who are aware they are on a year-to-year basis. Wehave been able to absorb some of the equipment costs involved in theenvironmental sciences program in the various bureaus.This particular environmental science program was initiated toallow different science bureaus of the Smithsonian to work on an in-tegrated program dealing with the environment. This has now reacheda point of success where the different bureaus are now working to-gether well enough so they will not need this $100,000. We will sacrifice$100,000 because of the success of this operation. 997OFFICE OF PROTECTION SERVICESMrs. Hansen. Numerous small increases are being requested in theadministrative and support activities area. By far the largest is $278,-000 and 46 positions for the new Office of Protection Services.What is the rationale for establishing this as a separate unit fromthe building management department ?Mr. Brooks. We have Mr. Ault, who has appeared before you pre-viously, as our Director of Support Activities. This comes under hisjurisdiction, and he will testify on this.Mr. Ault. Madam Chairman, in his introduction today, the Secre-tary told you again about the phenomenal growth of the Smithsonianover the years.With the increasing growth of visitors, space, collections, objects,staff, we have felt a need for better identification for protection serv-ices. It has simply gotten beyond the span of control for one man inthe Building Management Department, which accounts for a greatproportion of our resources on the administrative side of the house.Accordingly, we conducted a 5 month survey this last year, includingconsultation with professionals from outside the Institution. Theconclusion of this study was to establish a separate Office of ProtectionServices.Mrs. Hansen. Please provide for the record some workload statisticswhich justify the increase.Mr. Ault. I will be happy to.[The information follows :]Protective Service Workload StatisticsThe eight new halls which have recently opened or are scheduled to be openedin the very near future cover a total area of 68,238 square feet, of which over21,000 square feet or nearly a third, fall into the high value category.These halls have an average area in excess of 8,500 square feet but it ispossible to combine the surveillance of certain adjacent halls and reduce thenumber of necessary guard posts to six. Applying the accepted manning factor of1.67 will give a requirement for 10 positions (1.67X6=10.02). One additionalguard on each of the two main entrances to the Museum of History and Tech-nology, and an outside security patrol around the buildings on the north side ofthe Mall on the second and third reliefs, will necessitate 4 more guard posts whichcall for 7 positions (4X1.67=6.7), or a combined total of 17 additional guardpositions.The Hirshhorn Gallery, during the period between its acceptance and priorto being finished and opened to the public, will require the 11 guard positionsauthorized in fiscal year 1973 for this purpose, divided between entrance controland interior security patrols during the first relief, and outside and interiorsecurity patrols during the second and third reliefs. When the gallery andsculpture gardens are finished and opened to the public, these 11 positions willbe combined with the 29 positions requested for fiscal year 1974 to attain the 40positions required to man this facility in its normal posture. The additionalposts will include control room and entrance monitoring, additional interiorpatrols, and supervision. SUMMER EVENING HOURSMrs. Hansen. How many of your buildings are open in the eveninghours beginning on April 1 ?Mr. Ault. We have the three major buildings?the Museum of His-tory and Technology, the Museum of Natural History, and the Arts 998and Industries Building, and the Temporary Air and Space MuseumBuilding.Mrs. Hansen. What were your visitations last summer in the even-ing hours?Mr. Ault. I can provide that for the record.[The information follows:] VISITOR COUNT NIGHT OPENINGS CALENDAR YEAR 1972, FROM 5: TO 9: P.M. Arts and History and NaturalIndustries Technology History Total April 1972 __ 24,818 81,065 27,036 132,919May 1972.. _ 20,752June 1972 _ _ 20,834July 1972 _ 34,126August 1972 37,950Sept. 4, 1972 _ _ 4,247 74, 536 22, 861 118,14965, 624 33,386 119,84496, 158 44, 743 175, 02785, 789 39, 867 163, 60612,467 4,095 21,664Total. 142,727 415,639 172,843 731,209PURPOSE OF EVENING HOURSMrs. Hansen. Do you have any additional problems of securitybecause of evening hours ?Mr. Ault. I have not noticed any appreciable increase in securityincidents as a result of that, no.Mrs. Hansen. The reason for opening the buildings in the eveningwas to provide a place for youngsters to go after dark rather than intothe streets. It was also to provide our visitors who come to Washingtona place to go in the evening.Do you have a great deal of local visitations in the evening hours?Mr. Ault. It is hard to ascribe it to the local population, MadamChairman. I think we determined pretty well that about 75 percentof our visitors are from out of the city. We believe our evening visi-tation would reflect this percentage. In addition, I am sure, just frommy own observation, that we are getting a fair number of people whomight be engaged in less wholesome activities, yes. We are keepingthem busy.protection services for the hirshhorn museumMrs. Hansen. Twenty-nine of the positions you are requesting and$170,000 are for the Hirshhorn Museum. Yet the museum does not openuntil May 1974, when fiscal year 1974 is just about over. Why do youneed these positions now ?Mr. Ault. We will be accepting parts of the museum, hopefully,this summer.Mrs. Hansen. If 29 is only part, how many positions do you antici-pate for the museum when it is completed ?Mr. Ault. We will have a total of 79 as support staff, 40 for pro-tection and 39 for custodial and building services. 999BUILDINGS MANAGEMENTMrs. Hansen. An additional $597,000 and 73 positions, including$223,000 and 28 positions for the Hirshhorn, are requested for build-ings management. What is the justification for this request?Mr. Ault. Yes. We have increased our visitor count, over this pastyear tremendously, which results in a directly proportional increasein terms of building services ; and, of course, the opening of the Hirsh-horn Museum will increase it that much more.We determine our needs for custodial services, for laborers, andto some extent for protection, based on standards that we have devel-oped over a number of years.We have adapted them from GSA standards. If anything, ours aresomewhat less rigid than theirs.Mrs. Hansen. You are transferring your protective services fromyour buildings management account.Mr. Ault. It was removed from buildings management this year,yes, but we do have very definitive work measurement standards fordetermining just exactly how many people we need in these buildings.The requested increase would still not bring us up to those standards.We are hoping to achieve some improvement, however.We feel we would be remiss if we did not make an effort to achieveoptimum manning in support people, to enable us to present cleanand safe buildings to the public.Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc.Mrs. Hansen. We will insert justification pages B-1 to B-ll inthe record at this point.[The pages follow :] 1000SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE, INC.1972 Appropriation $1,600,0001973 Appropriation $1,600,0001974 Estimate $1,665,000 The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE) is the only informationsystem of its type in the world. The Exchange is designed to collect, index,store, and retrieve information about ongoing research supported by the FederalGovernment and non-Federal organizations in all areas of basic and appliedresearch. It has been in existence since 1950 and covers the life, physical,behavioral, and engineering sciences. The Exchange provides services designedto help research program managers, administrators and individual scientists avoidunwarranted duplication of research efforts, evaluate existing research efforts,and plan for new research programs.The Exchange not only provides information directly to users but providesdata to a number of specialized information centers. A list of such centers isshown in Table I. These centers provide information in a wide range of subjectareas and cover both ongoing research and publications resulting from research.Thus they reach an even wider total audience than the Exchange does through itsdirect users. In addition, information contained in the Exchange's data base isused to prepare catalogs of ongoing work in specific areas of research such asWater Resources Research , Health Services Research , Aquatic Pest Control andPesticide Residues in Aquatic Environment , Dental Research , etc. These catalogsare published by Federal agencies in increasing numbers and areas of interest asillustrated by Table II. They make information available to large numbers ofusers on a significantly broader scale than in response to individual requestsmade to the Exchange . Among SSIE's unique features is the ability to provide prompt response to bothbroad and specific requests for information on research on a multidisciplinarybasis, regardless of the source of support. The Exchange achieves uniformity ofindexing by means of a well-trained scientific staff and a well-developed dataprocessing system, utilizing the latest computer equipment and technology availablefor input, storage, and retrieval of information.A steady increase in the demand for SSIE services and in the income derivedfrom user sources is reflected by the data provided in Table III. Total userrevenues exceeded $371,000 in FY 1972, an increase of 61 percent over FY 1971.Federal usage accounted for just under 60 percent of the total. In addition,benefits to the Federal Government were realized through non-Federal usage of theSSIE by contractors and grantees planning and managing research under Federalsponsorship.Increases in income (from user charges) over the past several years have hada significant effect on the cost to the Federal Government of supporting theactivities of the Exchange. Although it is not expected that direct Federal costswill be offset in any substantial amount until user income exceeds $650,000,growing user revenues can be shown to be absorbing an increasing portion of theindirect, largely fixed operating expenses incurred by the Exchange. This offsetof fixed expenses is reflected by the data in Table IV.This progress has not been rapid enough, however, to avoid the necessity ofsteadily reducing personnel strength in order to offset the combined impact ofreduced Federal support and rapidly rising costs. In FY 1973, as a result of theJanuary 1972, comparability pay increase (not offset by an additionalappropriation) , a further reduction in the full-time input staff (from 71 to 70)was required. 1001 In the past, SSIE has partially compensated for a decline in personnelstrength through improved methods of data processing. Further significantimprovements cannot be expected without funds to develop more sophisticatedmethods for reducing input costs. A shift from full-time employees to part-timepersonnel may allow the Exchange to keep from falling too far behind in input, butbacklogs are expected to continue to rise. Table V summarizes the current backlogsituation. An increase in input volume is expected in FY 1974 as a result of theimpact of the General Accounting Office report of August 1972, entitledUsefulness of the Science Information Exchange Hampered by Lack of Complete,Current Research Information and the resulting efforts of the SmithsonianInstitution, the Exchange and the Federal Council during 1972-73.It would seem appropriate at this point to describe a number of actions whichthe Smithsonian and SSIE have taken in an effort to improve the problems noted inthe GAO report regarding the completeness and timeliness of the SSIE data base. ?First, the Smithsonian Institution at the request of and in cooperation withthe Office of Management and Budget has contracted for a user study todetermine the need for SSIE and if the need exists, how the Exchange couldimprove its effectiveness, responsiveness, and value to research managers andscientists. This study is expected to be completed by the end of January 1973. ?Second, the Chairman of the SSIE Board of Directors and its President madea presentation to the Federal Council on Science and Technology and requestedthat group to consider ways to improve both input and use of the Exchange byFederal agencies. The Federal Council Chairman has asked the Committee onScientific and Technical Information (COSATI) to study the problem andprepare a report on how the Federal agencies might improve both input and useof SSIE. This report should be completed by late January. ?Third, on the advice of the SSIE Advisory Council, the Secretary of theSmithsonian has requested the heads of several agencies, whose participationin SSIE has been less than complete or timely, to cooperate with SSIE inimproving input. All of the agencies so contacted have agreed to work withSSIE to achieve these goals and are in the process of doing this. ?And, finally, the SSIE Board of Directors on the advice of the SSIE Councilhas acted to increase the size of the Advisory Council from eight Federalagency representatives to 16 representatives so that a better rapport andknowledge of SSIE will exist between the agencies and SSIE and problems ofinput and use can be more readily solved.It is reasonable to expect that as a result of these activities as well as thoseof the GAO an increase in project input is quite likely.Even without such an increase in volume the Exchange is faced with theproblem of an increasing workload and constant staff. This increase, shown inTable VI, is a result of new summaries submitted by agencies on continuing projects.These new continuation summaries, which along with new projects, comprised 68percent of the total input in FY 1968, rose to 86 percent of the total in FY 1972as a direct result of increased agency efforts to provide more accurate summariesof their research projects. This development has significantly increased theworkload on the Exchange's professional staff. The size of this staff has not beenincreased to cope with this growing workload of projects to be indexed but, rather,has remained essentially constant because of funding shortages. 1002 An appropriation of $1,665,000 is requested for FY 1974 to cover the costsof the staff currently supported by Federal funds and the Federal portion ofanticipated increases in operating expenses many of which are fixed costs, e.g.,building and computer equipment rental. The requested appropriation will onlyallow the Exchange to maintain its current data collection, indexing, and inputshortage operation. The proposed FY 1974 budget is summarized in Table VII.Table VIII presents revenue, expenditure, and related data from FY 1966through projections for FY 1974. The table reflects a rapid reduction in the sizeof the SSIE staff during a period of rapidly rising personnel expenses. Attemptshave been made to reduce the impact of this loss in staff through the development ofincreasingly sophisticated and efficient automated techniques. These attempts havebeen partially successful. User revenues have also provided an increasing share ofthe total costs of operation of the Exchange, although many of the largercontractual efforts also increase the requirement for outside services and servicesupport. 1003 TABLE IList of Information CRegularly on OrganizationInformation Center for Hearing,Speech and Disorders ofCommunication, The JohnsHopkins Medical Inst.Information Unit - ViralOncology, National CancerInstitute National Clearinghouse forSmoking and HealthOffice of CommunicationsHSHHA, NIHH, NCDAI Responsible IndividualHrs. Lois F. Lunln Louis P. Greenberg George Lewerenz Br. Dan J. Lettleri Dr. Daniel Horn Thommas J. Koehler Dr. Nathan Rosenberg Hrs. Violet Wagner 310 Harriet LaneBaltimore, Hd. 21205 Westwood Bldg., Rm.Bethesda, Hd. 20014. Room 12C165&X) Fishers LaneRockville, Kd. 20852 Parklawn Bldg. , Rm. 8C-0?5600 Fishers LaneRockville, Hd. 20852 5454 Wisconsin AvenueChevy Chase, Hd. 20015855 .BroadwayBoulder, Col. 80302Eric Information AnalysisCenter for Science andMathematics EducationEducational Testing Service,ERIC Clearinghouse on TestsMeasurement and Evaluation Robert W. Howe, Director 1460 West Lane Ave.Columbus, Ohio 43210 Richard 0. Fortna Princeton, N.J. 08540 Hrs. Dorothy O'Connell 805 W. Pennsylvania Ave.Urbana, Illinois 61801Dr. Alan Green 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.Washington, D.C. Office of External ResearchDepartment of State Hiss Idrls H. Rossell Room 8647 (IHR/XR/ARD)Washington, D.C. 2100 Pennsylvania Ave.Room 513Washington, D.C. 20037Water Information Center, Inc. Ms. N. P. Gillies Coffee Information Institute Criminal Justice NewsletterNational Council on Crimeand Delinquency Kenneth N. Anders World Rehabilitation Fund, Inc. Ms. Susan Hammerman Victor Canyn, DirectorBureau International deDocumentation des Chenlngde fefNon-profit Report, Inc. Henry C. Suhake 44 Slnslnk Drive EastPort Washington, N.Y.11050Suite 170718 East 48th StreetNew York, N.T. 10017NCCD CenterParamus, N.J. 07652 Brandels UniversityShlffman Ctr. - Rm. 205Waltham, Mass. 021544O0 East 34th StreetNew York, N.Y.27, Rue de LondresParis (9e) - 75 France 205 Main StreetDanbury, Conn. OffllO Subject CoveredHearing, speech 4 language. Viral tumorlgenesls rcode and carcinogenic Pre Implantation reproductivephysiology, contraception,family planning services,demographic studies offertility andpopulation contrSuicide. Drug addiction and abuse, allstudies on psychotomimetics,marijuana, heroin, morphine,opium, and amphetamines (andall CSS stimulants).Alcoholism - medical and Tests and measurement devicesand procedures. Behavorlal studies of children. Drug addiction and drug abuse.Basic and clinical pharmacologyof narcotics, psychotomimetics,CNS stimulants and depressants,tranquilizers, and some experi-mental analgesics of unspecifiedaddicting potential.U. S. Government supported workIn the social and behavioralsciences (Including a selectionof public health studies) In orabout foreign countries.Transportation Engineering. Investigations on the subsurface disposal of waste Coffee and caffeine Crime, Juvenile delinquency. Studies In and about Africa. Rehabilitation of thephysically disabled. Recreation and Leisure, TaxStudies, Library and InformationServices, Day Car Services,Education (pre-school and dis-advantaged), Politics (communityparticipation), Urhnn Government(and politics), etc.(S^e Hequrst H'fi'o). 1004 TABLE II1970 - 1972Publications for which SSIE either preparedthe uatertal for publication or suppliedmaterial for use in the puollcatlon Title & PublisherVol. 7, Water Resources ResearchCatalog - Government PrintingOffice, 1972 Prepared and IndexedMaterial for Publication Supplied Inputfor Publication Ho. ofCopiesPublished Agency or OrganizationPrepared for orData Supplied to A Catalog of Research In AquaticPest Control and PesticideResidues In Aquatic Environments 3,500 Office of Water Re-sources Research,Dept. of the InteriorEnvironmental ProtectionResearch Catalog Yes Yes 5,200 Environmental Pro-tection AgencyDental Carles Research Catalog Yes Yes 2,000 NIDR - NIHDental Research In the U.S.and Canada Yes Yes 3,000 BIDR - NIH Catalog of Health ServicesResearch NCHS-R4D - HEWSustaining University ProgramResearch - Government PrintingOffice, 1970Population Research 19^9 -U. S. Department of Health,Education 4 Welfare 2,000 BICHAHD - NIHCrowell, Collier *MacHlllan, Nev YorkEarth Sciences Research Catalog University of TulsaMarine Research In the CostalPlains Region Coastal Plains Centerfor Marine Development,North CarolinaResearch on U. S. InternationalTrade - Government PrintingOffice, 1970 500 Export Strategy Staff,U. S. Department ofCommerceCatalog of Federally FundedHousing and Building Research& Technology - GovernmentPrinting Office - 1970 Office of Urban Tech-nology Research, U. S.Dept. of Housing andUrban Development Outdoor Recreation Research 1970Government Printing Office Bureau of OutdoorRecreation, Dept. ofthe InteriorFood Distribution ResearchProjects in Progress 1969 -Food Distribution ResearchSociety, 1970 Food DistributionResearch Society,Hyattsvllle, Maryland Vol. 8, Water Resources ResearchCatalog Research In Progress 1972-73 In PreparationYes Tes Office of Water Re-sources Research,Dept. of the InteriorOutdoor Recreation Research, 1972 Yes Yes Bureau of OutdoorRecreation, Dept. ofthe InteriorMarine Research Catalog, 1972 Yes Yes NOAASaline Water Catalog, 1972 Yes Yes Office of Saline WaterAcademic Media, Inc.Los Angeles, Calif, 1005 U cdCD CD fk**-! CD CM -3- -O ^d O CD en o1 1 f-i CO 0Jh <+H ed a Pi H-^m o en CD +-> o CD pi rH fn O ^ CO o +j COu i?1 cd CD pi P, U3 +-> ?rH CD --? CO U ?rH a??P1 CI)AJ s pi .-1 r?+-J CO cd trt oro o o o bi en tH C )?iH 0) jz; .in CD +Ja t3 "~; P f-l +j J3 cd PIo o ,o u o CO o a+-> ?H pi 1 -I-3 CD f-> o 4nCO f-i co CD CO t> cd h-^ o8 CD (-( -H CI CD piP-, Ph td 1?1 CO -ij en oCD <+Hpi c cr> \oCN- VTA w> O ^?> en oCD -rHpi +Jcd a CD CD ?rH 03 a a?rH Pi C-,a CO O (-1 f-f c +jO Cfl cj 0) cd >ai?I cd enfn Tr3 Cti CD cdcd cd +-> en cdft CD Cd CD U11 e, u h il 1006 l-l fc=? opq &l-t E-" Ph? !^ S&H P-, l-> O Q O O O O Oo o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o oo o o o o oI .???.?I rs,CM ,-n ,?l vr\vj-\C^-i?I C"> IN- CM OOi-l CM (M C^-3- -J"?9- CO P-lt-i EnCO tz>O O >lo o o o o o oo o o o o o oo o o o o o ono\OCO On CO vrs CDd 0,01 o o o o o o oo o o o o o oo o o o o o oO O O-O O O ^\O OOICAO^O CO [s-s3 VTNSO so t3 U)a o cCfl CJ o >E-i E-i SiCO fD OO PL, l-HClgtH ??i F?4 w o o o o o o oo o o o o o oo o o o o o ocs- os oo c?> cs cs- vr\V^SO lA<^NOOCs-SO CS-SO SO tN-OO ,l_3 CD CDCI) 43 t>enm ? aCD tn cuCJ CD +->r-t so a> *H iH O^ O O O O O Qo o o o o o oo o o o o o oOOOCOHN>AOOu^HNNNinO OsO Os Os O i? I c^ vr^vr^CO OsO i-H CM C""\.=}-so so cs_ c^ cs. c^ cs-Os Os Os Os Os Os Os C BH'rt ^ O'H^H CJ c oH OJ5 -H ? WWj aj a>CD CD O +j a> ?h ^5] CM) C^ ^1 ^ 1007 C^"3" CN-OSr-HJ^- SO VT\VO-3- .-I CN-C^lOO O T3cdo 1-J1? 1 inM ?Hu +*o c5= CDH+J uO CO0)??-j uo 03(-1 PPL, CO O O 'A^fr1AOOO\NCM HVO 0--=3-CM CM CM CM C"S so oo cs-C-sv/sCOV3CM t^CNO -3" CM Os OsCM CM CM C"nc?-n watH tMM <+H CDco cd K]tJ +? ?rHa co COi-i N4-0 NHri04 OsOO,-H (X> OsSO Cs. o o o o oo o o o o?s_ i?l OsSO r? I *=>B XiCD oO pCD 03Pi E rHlCMlvr\0 OsO CO cd o o o o oo o o o o4-OCOVO J- > ^ CO OsO i-H CMSO SO Cs- cs. Cs.Os Os Os Os Os 93-397 O - 73 - 64 r- 1 cd(3!P-. c (-.o lOS -H i :CD +->S5 cd^ CO=w CO -rH :*+J CD =4fc C ^oi-l ocd4-? T3^ 3 -aCOU) (-.4-J (Dc -t-'oj Iflt-.o MCD? R 1008 C6R. 0%^ Otsis.OMTi r-. 00 O-CO?> CN- "CN- -VO c? 1009TABLE VIISMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE, INC.PROPOSED BUDGET FY 1974 PersonnelSalariesBenefits Total Cost ofOperations$1,546,2851,355,273191,011 FederalSupportRequested$1,207,1971,057,410149,787 UserSupport$339,088297,86441,224 Contract ServicesTravel 9,000Transportation of Things 2,000 6,5001,600 2,500400 RentsTelephoneIBMXeroxBuildingOther 10,000260,31510,000104,4009,000 8,000203,8337,65080,7005,200 2,00056,4822,35023,7003,800 Printing 4,000 2,700 1,300 Other ServicesEquipment MaintenanceOther 5,00034,000 3,62017,500 1,38016,500 Supplies 21,000 14,000 7,000 Acquisition of CapitalEquipment 10,000 6,500 3,500 TOTAL $2,025,000 $1,565,000 $460,000SI Services 125,000 100,000 25,000GRAND TOTAL $2,150,000 $1,665,000 $485,000 1010 1 cd -?..in CD1 C/l oj eni a CD oj , V5. 1 \^*>*%?0!rU?.1 o Ch CD 1 >AO VT\rH CNCNVI^-^-1 *M O f-i 1 ?? 1 H i?1 ? ' *~*I +J CD a o1 cd in l-H CD1 f-l C Pi1 O) (U &N?!i a CD 03U CD 1 CM -d- J" -=fr v>-3- vr>1 ? -H ririHriHHHHH 1 CD CD?i a >s in cuI -M +J oi in1 FH mH1 r- 1 CD cdU CD ,no^n?^.?^1 i?1 tH O f_ 1 HH4- J-4-4- J-1 l-H ^2 a oi?3 (?1 CDp1 "H \5n?1 +-> 03i a >i cd ?*;i i? i CD1 03 ^ cd cd J- v\Osi}-0O cn cnv-\vt\nd vr\ c^\ oSoo co co co CO1 t> Ch| f-l Cd Pi tH r-t r-1 i?i i? i 1 2 -w +J CD1 ClO o >|M -*! -?jUoi M- CD>->i-H03 COo in10 5? rH -?1 p 38 o o o o o o o1 Ph 1 1 o o o o o o o1 e 1 1 tS-H OWO r-H O O%6 VAONCNCM CNCM COVOV) VMX) O-00 On CD-? ? in cdcd mCD 03 . r3" . ^^^"fc5-1 to (-1 CD 1 1 1 1 1 CM^OOs1 CD O M 1 1 1 1 1 tN-O CVJ1 c; o r-H I? 1 1 c l-H CD1 CD p1 >1 CD1 P=l 6^.? - 1 1 W 185 ? noOHH vr\wr>! cn 1 1 1 IN- r-f lT> CN. CM COCO 1 1 1 rH CM CM 0^.3-.=)-? M CD^-nin 1 EH COCOOsOsOOsCNOi-i<6 Hrli?IH WHHNCMMcd MCD cdt? CD>Hi?lcd CDo inCO cd?rH PhP>H r-i N(MP-H MD tN-OQ CNOHW C^i^i-VOVOSOVO tN-CN.IN.CNCN.1? 1 CO OnOsCNO\OnCNOsCNO\CO i?li?li-Hi?li?lr-lf-lr-lf-1 al .?* CO1=1XI I >+J ?rHa H--o 01H +-> ?r-H0J m cn fl ^ sCM^ H-> cd CNO s^oCD CN"-J O r-lCNm ONH 1011NEED FOR FUND INCREASEMrs. Hansen. You are requesting an additional $65,000 for theSmithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc., for a total of$1,665,000.Your justifications tell of increasing backlogs in this activity. Whycannot the user fees be raised in order to take care of this problem ?Mr. Brooks. Madam Chairman, we have Dr. Hersey here, who isPresident of the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc.Mr. Hersey. I am indeed pleased to appear again, Madam Chair-man.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record what your user fees are.Mr. Hersey. Yes, I will be pleased to do so.[The information follows :]Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc.?Fee Schedule(Effective March 15, 1973)1. Computerized subject and/or administrative searches.?$50 per search. Allsearches will be screened by SSIE's staff of professional scientists.This price is for a search retrieving 100 documents or less. The averagenumber of documents retrieved per search has been 60 in recent years. If morethan 100 documents are sent, there is an additional charge of $15 for eachadditional 100 documents or fraction thereof.2. Periodic mailings (selective dissemination).?Periodic mailing of subjectinformation ( semianually, quarterly, or monthly) ; $60 for initial search andsetup costs of user profile ; $40 for each subsequent mailing.This price is for a search retrieving 100 documents or less. There is an addi-tional charge of $10 for each additional 100 documents or fraction there.3. Investigator searches per name searched.?$2 ($6 minimum) a request forresearch associated with a given name (investigator) . 4. Accession number retrieval per number.?$1 ($5 minimum) a request fora research project identified by an agency or SSIE accession number.5. Standard computer tabulation of projects.?$160 plus unit charge of $0.07per project. Existing programs are available which will list all projects basedon any selection criteria in various sequences, with appropriate totals and sub-totals. Data shown for each project may include the supporting organization,principal investigator, location (city and State), school department, projecttitle, and funding (where authorized for release). Duplicate copies generatedwith multiple part paper $0.02 per project per each multiple copy (up to 3 copies)(minimum charge $10 per multiple copy ) . 6. Historical searches.?(a) Historical subject searches (from 1965 to current year) per search: $150and $0.50 per document copy provided (if produced from microfilm).(b) (1) Historcial investigator searches (from 1965 to current year) (latestnotice of research project, with funding summary) per name searched, $6.50;(2) Historical investigator searches (from 1949 to 1964) (latest notice of re-search project with funding summary), per name searched, $6.50.6. Prerun searches. $35 per search, if more than 100 documents are sent thereis an additional charge of $10 for each additional 100 documents or fractionthereof.7. Interchange tapes.?(a) Search charge : $50 plus $0.50 per project.(b) The above prices do not include indexing. Up to 3 levels of indexing canbe provided at an additional cost of $0.50 per project.9. Computer time.?IBM 370-135 : $65 per clock hour.10. SSIE Science Newsletter.? (10 issues annually) $6 per year, $8 foreign).11 .Automatic distribution of agency research projects: $0.10 per sheet.12. Subject indexes (computer generated) : $2 per copy of index (minimumcharge of $50). 1012INCREASING USE OF THE EXCHANGEMrs. Hansen. Is the pattern of use increasing ?Mr. Hersey. Yes, it is. For example, last year you recall we broughtin revenues of $371,000. This year we expect to make $450,000.As of the end of February, we had $299,000. It is increasing signif-icantly ; not as rapidly, of course, as we would like.Mrs. Hansen. Why isn't it increasing more rapidly ?Mr. Hersey. One of the things we have not been able to do is to getadditional funding to help make people more aware of the services.We are hoping that one of the outcomes of the user study completedthis year will be a statement from the Office of Management andBudget bringing to the attention of the Federal Government agenciesthe fact that we are an integral part of their research managementprocess, and they should, therefore, be encouraged not only to provideinput to the exchange of their research program on a regular andtimely basis, but also to make more use of the services.Mrs. Hansen. How many agencies currently use your service?Mr. Hersey. I would say about 25 Federal agencies.agencies providing data to the exchangeMrs. Hansen. How many agencies provide data ?Mr. Hersey. Virtually all of the larger ones. There are a few smallerones which do not, such as the Small Business Administration, theCivil Service Commission, and the General Services Administration.Mrs. Hansen. Which agency supplies the greatest amount of data ?Mr. Hersey. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.Mrs. Hansen. Who is the second largest ?Mr. Hersey. The next on the list is the Department of Agriculture.The third largest would be the Department of Defense.Mrs. Hansen. What amount of input does the Department of In-terior provide ?Mr. Hersey. They do fairly well. They have fairly significant in-put to us.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record a list of the agencies whoare your major users. 1013[The information follows :]Federal agencies using SSIE Number ofprojectsDepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare 19, 921Department of Defense 10, 315Department of Agriculture 10, 924Department of the Interior 4, 374National Science Foundation 8,362Veterans' Administration 3, 512Mrs. Hansen. The committee will adjourn until 10 a.m. Mondaymorning. Monday, March 19, 1973.Museum Programs, Scientific and Cultural Research (SpecialForeign Currency Program)Mrs. Hansen. The committee will come to order.This morning we continue with the Smithsonian Institution. Wewill insert justification pages C-l through C-7 in the record at thispoint.[The pages follow :] 1014SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONMUSEUM PROGRAMS, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL RESEARCH(SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)1972 Appropriation1973 Appropriation1974 Estimate $3,500,000$3,500,000$9,000,000 Equivalent in "Excess 1Foreign CurrenciesAn appropriation of $9,000,000 in foreign currencies determinedby the Treasury Department to be in "excess" to the normal needs ofthe United States is requested for Fiscal Year 1974. The appropria-tion will be used:1) To continue a program of grants to United States institutionsfor field research in those countries where "excess" local currenciesare available. The research will be performed in the followinggeneral areas of Smithsonian Institution interest and competence:Commi tmen t o f Funds by Program Are; Archeology andRelated DisciplinesSystematic and En-vironmental BiologyAstrophysics andEarth SciencesMuseum ProgramsGrant Administration FY-1966-72Cumula t iveCommi tmen t s $9,025,2756,304,544982,591178,00073,590 FY-1973Est ima t edCommi tmen t s $1,400,0001,400,000500,000190,00010,000 FY-1974Appropr iat ionReq ues t$2,000,0002,000,000750,000220,00030,000$16,564,000 $3,500,000 $5,000,0002) To complete with one final payment of $4,000,000 equivalentin "excess" Egyptian pounds the United States' contribution toUNESCO's international campaign to preserve ar cheological monumentsin Nubia which are inundated by Nile River waters regulated by theAswan Dam. This payment will support the preservation of themonuments on the Island of Philae as proposed by President Kennedyin his letter to the Congress dated April 6, 1961. 1015ON-GOING RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM In its seven years, the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program hasawarded 362 grants for field research totalling almost $16,600,000equivalent in "excess" foreign currencies to United States institu-tions of high learning. It has thus benefited more than 200 museums,universities and research institutes in 32 states. Benefits includeresearch opportunities for more than 214 post-doctoral scholars andmore than 221 pre-doctoral students. Benefits also include majoradditions to the study collections of more than 28 museums anduniversities in 18 states.NEED FOR INCREASEIn FY 1972, obligations for field research totalled $3,400,000equivalent in "excess" foreign currencies out of a total appropriationfor that year of $3,500,000 equivalent. In addition, awards totalling$922,000 equivalent remained unfunded pending completion of hostcountry clearances.An increased appropriation is essential in FY 1974 to coverunfunded awards and to meet the demand reflected by the constant flowof new and meritorious research proposals. Applications known to be inpreparation total at least 73. This level of activity persists inspite of the removal of Israel, one of the most active areas ofSmithsonian sponsored research, and Morocco from the list of "excess"currency countries. This level of activity persists also in spite ofthe removal, in all but name, of Yugoslavia from the list since fundsthere are no longer adequate to support new research.An increased appropriation is essential also to respond to thehigh priority assigned by both the United States and by "excess"currency host countries to research which includes a phase devoted toapplying the results of the basic studies. This means, for example,that in archeology, Smithsonian funds flow to planning the utilizationof sites for cultural tourism and to planning and executing ecologicalresearch hand-in-hand with host governments in order to provide datawhich will contribute to sound economic and pollution control programs.Moreover, in India alone, 36 projects, primarily in the field ofenvironmental assessment, are in different stages of development,eight of them emerging in recent months.Renewed interest in research collaboration in Pakistan is contrib-uting to the momentum of new applications also. Bi-national scien-tific discussions looking toward preparation of eight major proposalsin the fields of environmental assessment and conservation wereinitiated by United States and Pakistani institutions in recent months.In Burma, development of two proposals, one in archeology and onein wild life conservation, to be undertaken by United States institu-tions in collaboration with UNESCO and the International Union for theConservation of Nature and Natural Resources respectively, provide thefirst indications of renewed Burmese interest in associating with theUnited States in research in many years.As a result of President Nixon's visit to Poland, 11 joint researchproposals are in preparation with the encouragement of the Polishgovernment. This represents a reversal of past practice there whereSmithsonian activities have been essentially limited to exchanges ofindividual scholars. 1016Moreover, on-going Smithsonian sponsored research continues inall the excess currency countries without interruption, includingIndia and Egypt despite changing political winds at the governmentallevel in those countries.And finally, the increased appropriation is essential to ensuresupport for new and on-going research which contributes to UnitedStates national programs under, for example, the InternationalBiological Program, the International Decade of Ocean Exploration, theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Academyof Sciences, the United States National Museum and the Departmentof Interior's cooperative programs abroad under the Endangered SpeciesConservation Act.The appropriation increase to $5,000,000 equivalent requestedfor grants for field research in FY 1974 is essential to meet theseon-going and new demands. This request is, however, $1,000,000equivalent lower than the $6,000,000 equivalent requested for FY 1973.This is so because Israel and Morocco have been removed from thelist of "excess" currency countries and Yugoslavia is probably soonto f ol low . OUTSTANDING PROGRAMSOutstanding field research programs receiving Smithsonian ForeignCurrency Program support include:1. Denison University's ar cheological excavations at Sirmium inYugoslavia where research has provided new understanding of the natureof Roman rule in its provinces and particularly of the processes ofchange in these areas as the empire declined and control passed to the"barbarian hordes".2. Yale Univer s i ty ' s basic ecological studies in the Gir ForestSanctuary of India which have been adopted as a model by Indian Na-tional Parks and by conservation officials there for further ecosystemstudies leading to development of sound park management programs.3. Utah State Univer s i ty ' s pioneering computer-programmed studies ofdesert ecosystems in the United States which have been extended toTunisia and are planned for India as well. In these two countries,the studies can be expected to have special importance because of thedramatic annual degradation of scarce agricultural land into desertwas t eland4. The Smi thsonian Institution's studies, carried out by its Centerfor the Study of Man, synthesizing the current understanding ofanthropologists around the world about what hinders educationalreform. The work of specialists in the transmission of culture througheducationl systems is being assessed for publication in a form in-tended to aid governments and educators in their efforts to improveeducational systems.FINAL U.S. CONTRIBUTION TO UNESCO'S NUBIAN MONUMENTS CAMPAIGNThe Smithonsian is seeking an appropriation of $4,000,000 equiv-alent in excess Egyptian pounds, in addition to the $5,000,000 equiv-alent requested for grants for field research, to complete with onefinal payment the United States' contribution to UNESCO'S internationalcampaign to preserve the temples on the Island of Philae. This paymentwas proposed by President Kennedy in his letter to the Congress datedApril 6, 1961. In President Kennedy's words, "The Temples on the 1017Island of Philae are known as the 'Pearl of Egypt' ... there would beno more effective expression of our interest in preserving thecultural monuments of the Nile Valley than an American offer tofinance the preservation of these temples. I am directing that theEgyptian pound equivalent of 6 million dollars be set aside for thispurpose. When required, an appropriation to cover the use of thissum will be sought."The Smithsonian is seeking four million dollars equivalent inEgyptian pounds, not the six million equivalent proposed by PresidentKennedy, because the United States would now be only one of manynations contributing to the salvage of the Philae monuments not thesole donor as President Kennedy originally proposed. The total costof this salvage program will probably exceed $16million in convertibleand local currencies. This substantially higher cost results fromboth rising prices and an improved salvage plan. Some $10 million ofthis total has already been pledged by other nations.The institution is seeking this appropriation at this time be-cause about two-thirds of the needed funds, including the necessaryconvertible currencies, has been pledged and, as a consequence, workon the Coffer dam has begun. Ins t iof cumakinwas aDeparearliCampaawardUnitet ionsRiveras aUNESCapproDepartowarcontrIslan Thistutilturg grpprotmener Uigned gd Stinwat$2.5prpr iatmend thibutd of appr opr iaton ' s tradital expressiants for arved by thet of Statenited Statehad been marants totalates archeothe areas oers impoundmillion eqogram to sated to thet sponsorede salvage oions, likePhilae, wa ionionaon . cheothento ts code.linglogif Eged buivalvagDepaa ff ththats pr is req1 coneIt islogy aBureahe Smin t r ibuBef or$1.5cal reyp t any thelent ce lessr tmen t ur there massfor toposed ues t eern fr equb roadu ofthsont ionse FYmillisearcd theAswanont r ier t eof Scontive the prby P d by tor thees tedus ingthe Buian b eto UN1966,on equh ins tSudanHighbut ionmplestate ir ibut i empleseservareside Smithreservso beeexces set fornningCO' s Ne Depaalentut ionso be im. Thowardthe sFY 196of $1t Abuon ofKenne s onianat ionaus e t " foret r ansin FYub ianr tmentin Egyfor snunda t ese mothe coame ar2. In2 millSimbelthe tedy in becauseof all fohe functiign currefer from1966 afteMonumen t sof Statep t ian poualvage exed by Nilnies , asst of theea , wereFY 1965,ion equiv . Each ofmples on1961. of thermson ofnciesther two nds tocava-well thatalentthesethe It ition of tscholarsin the Nunities foin Egyptcountry . campaign , CongressStates tocivilizatto conducbefore itdiplomat i to complecampaignculturalbetween npricelessCampaign s in the Unithe Temples offor generatiobian Monumentr American inand we enhancIn proposingPresident Kethat he consiass is t in reion from destt explorationis submergedc relations wte the Unitedtakes on evenassociat ionsations. In thTemple of Desupport . ed StatPhilaens toes Campas titut i e Unitethat tnnedy sdered iscuingructionand refor alith EgyStatesgrea tewhich ais contndur fr es lbeeome .ign ,onsd Sthe Uaidt "tthe -?ansear1 tiPt,conr sire text , om E nterauseMoweof hatesni tein ho bese hd toch ime" .thetribgnifhe mthegypt estofr eomaiigh ' cd Sisinistjon tTSmiutiicaos tUn to COtheirver , bntainer leaulturat a t eslettertheor ic rin thehe throday ,thsonion tonee inendurited Sin appre ntr linty cot odarnin1 rejoinofnteremaiintea tein tan ' sthismaiingtatecia t bute to the preer es t to ourntinuing coopery ' s rich oppor t g to conduct stlations with thin this UNESCOApril 6, 1961 test of the Unitns of a formerernational effoned area of Nubhe absence ofrequest for fuinternationalntaining the baform of contacts has receivedion for our Nub at ionu-udiesat o theed rtiands theian 1018The temples on the Island of Philae, located between the newAswan High Dam. and the old Aswan, or Low Dam, are the most importantarcheological monuments in Egypt of their periods and are symbolsof the heritage of western man. The temples, built in Pharaonic,Greek and Roman times, stand side-by-side on an island no more than420 years long and 150 yards wide. They subsequently long servedas Christian chapels as their rich inscriptions attest.Major structuresinclude the Temple of Isis started byPharaoh Nectanebo in the 4thCentury B.C., the Portico of Augustus and Tiberius and the Kiosk ofEmperor Trajan. All are today completely submerged by the Nile whichis maintained at a constant level between the two dams for hydro-electric and irrigation purposes.The salvage plan finally adopted by UNESCO's internationaladvisory group, with the advice and concurrence of an Americanengineer, provides for a Coffer dam to be erected around the Island ofPhilae to permit the lowering of the water for removal of the Temples.They are then to be re-erected on the nearby Island of Agilkia in asetting like the original one. There they will be safe from furthererosion by the river, and accessible to all. USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES SAVE HARD DOLLARSSpecial Foreign Currency Program appropriations are an advanta-geous source of research monies. This is so because they are not newappropriations of tax dollars and because delay in the use of the"excess" accounts means continuing losses to the United StatesTreasury as these accounts lose value through inflation and devalua-tion. Moreover, these appropriations do not add significantly to thePresident's budget total because the Commodity Credit Corporationreduces its appropriation request by an amount equal to the amountof foreign currencies expended.At the same time, Special Foreign Currency Program appropriationscontribute to essential national research objectives abroad withoutcontributing to a balance of payments deficit. Moreover, SmithsonianForeign Currency grants frequently serve as dollar-saving supplementsto the dollar grants of both public and private agencies like theNational Endowment for the Humanities, the National Science Foundation,the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration, the World Wildlife Fund, the National GeographicSociety, the John D. Rockefeller III Fund and the Wenner-Gren Founda-tion. In such cases, the foreign currency grants cover costs in thehost country; the dollar grants are expended in the United States forequipment not available in "excess" currency countries, for Americansalaries, laboratory fees and the like.Direct dollar costs to the Smithsonian for its Foreign CurrencyProgram are limited to those for administrative personnel in Wash-ington. During fiscal year 1973 six people were employed in theOffice of International Activities for this purpose at a total costof about $114,000.One additional person is requested in fiscal year 1974, a region-al coordinator for South Asia ($16,000) for a total cost of $130,000for administration of the Foreign Currency Program. This increase isessential to meet the special demands of growing research activity inSouth Asia. (See Salaries and Expenses justification for the Officeof International Activities). 1019 is bandthosilluwithselesuccA lisonithatuponadviandt ion Thiasednewe pos train ac t ioess fSt oan ' sactthrsoryapprs or s Speon breseas tpont ivend win oful def sueFiscual iee facounopr iaGove cialudgerched bpropthoupossveloh pral Ymplec torcilste crnme Fort prpropy laosalt thiblepmenojecearment ? reoopental eign Cuo j ec t ioosals wck of ss basede Smithpro j ect and its is1974 buat ionreviewview anrat iveauthor rrenns fhichuff ionsonits wmp leubmidgetf thby td aparraitie cy Proor on-inclucientf irm ian. Thich amentattted arequeese prhe Smiprovalngemen gramgoinde ffundndicheyppeaions ast .ojecthsobyt s w requg resirm rs , anat ionrepr er mosdur insupplItts winian ' Amer iith h est,earcheseard oths ofsentt prog f isementhould11 bes natcan eost-c as iandch per sintethemis ica 1tobeconionambasount n the past,on pendingr oposals , ample orrest bothIns ti tut ion ' s ng foryear 1974 . the Smith-noted, however,t ingent1 scientificsies overseas ,ry institu- MUSEUM PROGRAMS, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL RESEARCH(SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM)Commitments of Funds by CountryFiscal Years 1972, 1973, and 1974 Country FY 1972Actual FY 1973Es t ima t e FY 1974Est imat e Burma .Egypt .GuineaIndia .IsraelMoroccoPakis tanPoland.TunisiaYugoslav 200674,400555,500506,60073,50013,50069,200502,600999,900 8,000500,0002,0001,200,000160,000200,000230,000400,000800,000 $ 12,0004,680,0008,0001,350,000650,000650,000500,0001,150,000$3,395,400 $3,500,000 $9,000,000 1020INTRODUCTION OF SMITHSONIAN ASSISTANTMrs. Hansen. Would you like to introduce your very charming andpretty associate ?Mr. Ripley. I would indeed, Madam Chairman, I would like tointroduce Mrs. Margaret Gaynor, who has joined our staff as mylegislative assistant.Mrs. Hansen. Very good. We are happy to welcome you Mrs.Gaynor. There are all too few women who appear before thiscommittee. special foreign currency programYou are requesting a $5.5 million increase for your special foreigncurrency program ; $4 million of this is for a contribution to UNESCOto help preserve the archeological monuments in Nubia, Egypt. Whatis the nature of the U.S. obligation for this project!1 Is it a treatyagreement, understanding, or what ?Mr. Ripley. Madam Chairman, it is not a treaty as I understand it,but what it is implementing is an act of Congress and a Presidentialmessage. As I recall, during 1960, Congress passed a Mutual SecurityAct, which called upon the President to submit his recommendationsfor participation in the campaign to salvage the monuments. In 1961,President Kennedy submitted his recommendations to the Congress.It is in accord with that congressional action and President Kennedy'smessage that we are carrying out our traditional concern and interestin archeology, and acting as an agent, as it were, for the United Statesto request these funds.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert a copy of the Mutual Security Act in therecord.Mr. Ripley. Yes ; we will do so.[The information follows :]Puilic Law 86-472, Approved May 14. 1960. 74 Stat. 139, Section 502(c)(c) II; is the sense of the Congress that prompt and careful considerationshould be given to participation by the United States in an internationallyfinanced program which would utilize foreign currencies available to the UnitedStates to preserve the great cultural monuments of the Upper Nile. Accordingly,the President is requested to submit to the Congress on or before March 1. 1961,his recommendations concerning such a program.CONTRIBUTIONS FROM OTHER COUNTRIESMrs. Hansen. What other countries are contributing?Mr. Ripley. We will place a list of those in the record. I know thata large sum has been raised, including money pledged by Egypt it-self, but under UNESCO a number of foreign countries have pledgedfunds.Mrs. Hansen. Will you place a list of the countries in the nvonl (Mr. Ripley. We will place the list in the record. 1021[The information follows :]Countries contributing to UNESCO's Philae account as of June 30, 1912^Governments : Belgium $11, 155. 73Cuba 1,000.00Cyprus 2, 394. 90Egypt 2 5, 500, 000. 00Germany 615, 670. 23France 229, 990. 80Ghana 3, 021. 69India (in kind) 41,214.45Italy 319, 797. 10Japan 30,000.00Khmer (Cambodia) 1,000.00Kuwait 10, 000. 00Lebanon 6, 557. 37Malta 239. 98Netherlands 45, 000. 00Nigeria 43, 134. 15Qatar 5, 000. 00Spain 200, 000. 00Sudan 2,000.00United Kingdom 149, 936. 32Total 7, 217, 112. 72Other contributions : World food program (in kind) 2,443,000.00African emergency program 20, 717. 65Miscellaneous private sources 5, 249. 81Total 2, 468, 967. 46Grand total 9, 686, 080. 181 Source : UNESCO Doc. 17C/72, Sept. 12, 1972.2 Approximately (promised to pay one-third of total).Mrs. Hansen. Is Russia contributing ?Mr. Ripeey. I doubt it. I don't know.Mrs. Hansen. Didn't Russia contribute to building the Aswan Dam ?Mr. Ripley. She did.Mr. Euell. We know that France and England have contributed.I don't think Russia has.Mrs. Hansen. How many African countries are participating?Mr. Euell. Several African countries are participating. I don't re-member the exact countries. Their participation is on a smaller scalethan the larger ones.Mr. Brooks. I have a list. It includes Ghana, Nigeria, Sudan ; thatis it. PREVIOUS APPROPRIATIONSMrs. Hansen. Has any money been previously appropriated for thispurpose ?Mr. Ripley. No.Mrs. Hansen. Why not ? 1022Mr. Ripley. I don't believe that any money has ever been appro-priated.Mr. Etjell. No, sir.Mrs. Hansen. Why not ?Mr. Ripley. I don't know why. We have not asked for any fundsprior to this time.Mrs. Hansen. Why not ?Mr. Ripley. I don't know.Mrs. Hansen. Why have you chosen this particular budget year torequest funds ?Mr. Ripley. Madam Chairman, it seems to me any budget year is asbad as any other as far as that is concerned.Mrs. Hansen. This is relatively worse.Mr. Ripley. We have been requested to ask for it. It is as simple asthat.Mrs. Hansen. Who requested that you ask for funds ?Mr. Ripley. The UNESCO people said that they are now gettingtheir sums pledged and ready, and work has actually started and theywould like to have a go ahead on it.Mrs. Hansen. Did your request go through the Office of Manage-ment and Budget ?Mr. Ripley. Yes ; our request has been through the Office of Manage-ment and Budget.Mrs. Hansen. They approve the strangest projects at OMB.Mr. Ripley. That is why we have included it in our budget. I believethe balance of dollar equivalents held in Egypt now is over $200 mil-lion, so that there are ample funds in escrow in Egypt in these equiva-lents, from which this would be a contribution.Mrs. Hansen. Will the other nations be prepared to start at the sametime?Mr. Ripley. Yes.Mrs. Hansen. Will the universities be involved ?Mr. Ripley. You mean using our additional funds ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. Ripley. No: I don't think universities are involved in this. It isan engineering plan to put a coffer dam around the temples themselves,cut the base away, level a hill on a nearby island, and then place thetemples on top of the island.Mrs. Hansen. What further U.S. funds will be required?Mr. Ripley. None; this is a one-time pledge. I have photographs ifthe committee is interested.LOCATION OF THE PHII.AE TEMPLESMr. Long. These are up above the Aswan Dam or below the AswanDam?Mr. Ripley. Just above the old Aswan Dam. that is upstream in thatsense, although they are south of that Aswan Dam. Philae lies betweenthe old and new Aswan Dams.Mr. Long. These would be flooded ?Mr. Ripley. These are already being flooded by the lake between thetwo dams; yes.Mrs. Hansen. How much of the temple has to be moved ? 1023Mr. Ripley. The entire temple. This is the proposal. Some $16 mil-lion is needed. The $4 million represents the U.S. contribution.Mr. Long. How long has this been going on, this work in movingthe temples ?Mr. Ripley. They have not been moved yet, but the work of theengineering study has been going on for many years. It has requiredinternational engineers. I cannot at this point document whetherAmerican engineers have been involved. Essentially, it has been an in-ternational operation.Mr. Long. In the record, if it is all right with the Chairman, Iwould like to have the story myself for my own personal informationon allowed travel of American nationals.Mr. Ripley. All right.Mr. Long. I would hope that Congressmen aren't on special lists ofpeople who are especially restricted.[The information follows :]American nationals have been permitted to travel quite freely to the AswanDam. as have other foreigners since the brief interruption caused by the 1967war. The only standard limitation imposed on all foreigners is on travel by carfrom Luxor to Aswan. Occasionally, air travel to Aswan has been banned orlimited to special flights for tourists. But ever when these limits have applied,Aswan has been accessible by train from Luxor or by hydrofoil after flying toAbu Simbel. Occasionally flights serving Aswan have landed at an airport about60 miles away across the desert with bus connection to Aswan. Moreover, tofacilitate matters, the U.S. interest section of the Spanish Embassy in Cairo hasbeen able to obtain waivers for U.S. Congressmen from the air travel restrictionto group flights whenever it has been in effect.The principal factor inhibiting travel to Aswan has been the time required tomake the necessary connections. Travelers can not be assured of making theround trip to Aswan from Cairo within a 24 hour period.LOCATION OF TEM?PLESMrs. Hansen. Are you moving the temple so that it is out of the wayof the military operations ?Mr. Ripley. Yes ; entirely.Mr. Euell. It is on a plateau, Madam Chairman, an island verynearby its original site.Mr. Ripley. It will be put on a plateau.Mr. Euell. They will level off the top of the hill and the templeswill be put well above the high-water mark.Mrs. Hansen. Will terrorists be able to destroy it as it is beingassembled ?Mr. Ripley. I would not sit here, Madam Chairman, and ask forfunds to move a temple if I thought for one moment that this was goingto be put up just for Egyptians to see and not for the world to see.The project would be of much less concern to me, I assure you.Mrs. Hansen. I understand, but I think there should be some ar-rangements made with the Egyptians on security in the future. scope of the projectMr. Yates. What is the extent of the movement ? How many of theancient ruins are being moved ? This project on which you are testify-ing refers only to the Temple of Philae. 93-397 O - 73 - 65 1024Mr. Ripley. That is right, only to the Temple of Philae. Abu Simbelhas been moved and the adjacent temples have been moved, as I under-stand it. They were moved by a U.N. effort to raise some $42 million inwhich many American citizens participated. I think the total providedby this country was somewhere in the neighborhood of $12 million forthe Abu Simbel project.Mr. Yates. Are there others to be moved in the future, or is this thelast?Mr. Ripley. As far as I know this is the last. This is it. There havebeen a number of smaller temples moved. As you know, one is in stor-age in New York, waiting to be erected there. This was the Egyptiangift to the United States for recognition of our participation in theprogram, in response to President Kennedy's pledge. The EgyptianGovernment gave to the Temple of Dendur, which is going to be erectedin New York City.Mr. Yates. How many of these temples are submerged ?Mr. Ripley. None of the main temples except Philae are submergedat the present time. The others have been moved or are relatively in-significant, but much of the archeology, of course, had to be done on acrash basis to excavate tombs and so on, before the floodwaters came.That was the so-called Nubian campaign.ROLE OF THE SMITHSONIAN IN THE PROJECTMr. Yates. What is the relationship of the Smithsonian to this \ Areyou intermediary for putting the money up or will you finance scholarsor engineers or what ?Mr. Ripley. We will simply be the intermediary for a pledge. Thefunds are released to us in Egypt, so that we can pledge the funds inEgyptian pounds as part of the UNESCO campaign.Mr. Yates. Once having given the money this is the end of your re-sponsibility ?Mr. Ripley. It is then UNESCO's responsibility, and they are theones who conduct the operation.Mr. Yates. And Smithsonian's task is through ?Mr. Ripley. Of that part, yes, indeed. Of course, the United Statesis officially represented on the special UNESCO committee and hasfollowed the Nubian campaign from the outset and United Statesarcheologists have followed the Philae planning and found the currentplan feasible. OTHER PROJECTS IN EGYPTMrs. Hansen. You also have $680,000 budgeted in addition to the$4 million you are requesting for UNESCO for work in Egypt.Mr. Ripley. An amount of $680,000, that is right.Mr. Long. Would the chairman yield ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. Long. You say tourists in abundance are making the trip up theNile to see these things. When I was in Cairo there were very fewtourists. Have you been to Cairo, Mr. Ripley ?Mr. Ripley. Off and on for a number of years, yes.Mr. Long. When I went there in 1971 there were very few people onthe plane from Athens to Cairo. There were few Americans in Cairoexcept those who were attached in some diplomatic or business way, so 1025I wasn't aware that wo were having very many tourists not only fromthe United States but from any country.Mr. Kipley. We do have tourists who go there and are still allowed togo there, and we do not anticipate that this situation that you describeis going to continue forever.Mr. Long. I am not saying there weren't tourists there, but very few.Mrs. Hansen. Your work in Egypt involves archeology projectswith various universities ; is that not correct ?Mr. Ripley. That is right.Mrs. Hansen. This is an arrangement with the universities ?Mr. Ripley. That is right, American universities continuing a longtradition of research in Egypt. I might point out that this proposedpledge to the Philae campaign involves a multiyear project. Of courseit is a construction project.Mrs. Hansen. How long will the reconstruction take ?Mr. Ripley. At least 3 more years. Contracts have already been letby the Egyptian Government with UNESCO-sponsored firms for thebeginning of the reconstruction. It will go on for a number of vears.anticipated accomplishmentsMrs. Hansen. What specific accomplishments do you expect fromthe additional $1.5 million you are requesting for your special foreigncurrency program ?Mr. Ripley. We expect to be able to satisfy more of the requests thatwe receive. Each year we receive far more requests than we are able tosupply. These are from American institutions, universities, museums,and various institutes. We are unique in that we require these institu-tions to collaborate and work with institutes abroad, whereas other usesof the funds by agencies of the Government involve simply grants orblock donations to foreign institutes or contract-like arrangements,which do not bring this person-to-person sort of contact that we areinterested in. We feel that our scholarly tradition requires that schol-ars in particular institutions in this country work with scholars inthese countries abroad so that we obtain a two-way-street relationship.commitments of funds by countryMrs. Hansen. Your total 1974 estimate for Burma is $12,000 ; Egypt,$4,680,000; Guinea, $8,000; India, $1,350,000; Pakistan, $650,000;Poland, $650,000; Tunisia, $500,000; and Yugoslavia, $1,150,000.[Discussion off the record.]Mr. Ripley. We are rather pleased that for the first time there ap-pears to be a chance of developing some projects in Burma, which hasbeen on the excess currency roster for many, many years. We have twopossible projects, one in archeology and one in wildlife conservation,which would involve an interplay between American institutions andBurma institutions.WORK IN BURMA AND OTHER PROJECTSMrs. Hansen. What specific answers are you going to secure inBurma?Mr. Ripley. Dr. Challinor will respond to that. 1026Mr. Challinor. I can answer as to the archeological project, MadamChairman. It is beginning to develop that civilization, as we under-stand it, when people started to move from a hunter gatherer society toan agrarian one, probably first occurred in northern Thailand and east-ern Burma rather than in the Tigris and Euphrates Valley, as wTe havebeen traditionally taught. One of the things we are looking for inBurma is the records of the first neolithic people who came out of thewoods, so to speak, and started to plant rice, make pots, and developcommunities. We now believe we have good evidence that in northernThailand and extreme eastern Burma these cultures existed perhapsseveral thousand years before they existed in the Tigris and Euphrates,which we had previously considered as the cradle of civilization. I havenot read the specific proposal but that is one of the things we are par-ticularly anxious to get into Burma to study.Mrs. Hansen. What will be the goal of the conference on Africananthropology ?Mr. Ripley. This is a conference Avhich would develop contacts be-tween international scholars specializing in the study of the tradi-tional and contemporary culture in rapidly changing and develop-ing Africa. The conference aims to bring together in the form ofpublishable proceedings information that has been learned and tochart the course of future scholarly studies which would contributeto the solution of the problems of modernization in the African Con-tinent. That would be an undertaking of the Center for the Studyof Man at the Smithsonian. WORK IN INDIAMrs. Hansen. You plan to support the Center of Art and Archeol-ogy in India. Please explain this project, Dr. Challinor?Mr. Challinor. This is No. 18 on page 11. The American Instituteof Indian Studies, Madam Chairman, is a consortium of Americanuniversities that are particularly interested in this.Mrs. Hansen. Will you place in the record the names of theuniversities ?Mr. Challinor. I will, Madam Chairman.Mr. Ripley. There are 30 of them.[The information follows :]American Institute of Indian Studies Consortium Members1. American University.2. California, University of.3. Oarleton College.4. Chicago, University of.5. Claremont Graduate School and University Center.0. Colgate University.7. Columbia University.8. Cornell University.9. Duke University.10. Hawaii, University of.11. Illinois, University of.12. Kansas State University.13. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.14. Michigan, University of.15. Minnesota, University of.16. Missouri. University of.17. Northern Iowa, University of. 1027 18. Oakland University (Rochester, Mich.).19. Pennsylvania State University.20. Pennsylvania, University of.21. Rochester, University of.22. Rutgers University.23. State University of New York.24. Sweet Briar College.25. Syracuse University.26. Texas, University of.27. Virginia, University of.28. Washington, University of.29. Wisconsin, University of.30. Wooster, The College of.INDIAN ART TREASURES AND CRAFTSMr. Challinor. What we are trying to do with our Indian colleaguesis to make a record of the art and archeological treasures of India.India, along with many other countries, is now subject to a tremen-dous pressure from the art market to bring out of India, in many casesillegally, statues, painting and scrolls which now find a ready marketin the international art world. What we are trying to do now is tomake an inventory of the great Indian treasures in art and archeology,in an effort to reduce this illegal international trade.The scholars in these 30 universities will work with their Indiancolleagues in putting together such an inventory.Mrs. Hansen. Another project is entitled, "Studies of Rapidly Dis-appearing Crafts at the Village Level in India." What does thisinvolve ?Mr. Ripley. As you know, Madam Chairman, these crafts arebeginning to disappear in India at a rate similar to the way they havealready disappeared in large parts of the United States. Many ofthese crafts will only be known through documentation and sometraining centers, unless something is done to make records and recordthem before they go out.Mrs. Hansen. Give us an example of some of the crafts ?Mr. Ripley. I can specifically speak to the work that is being doneby the cultural center in Bombay, where they are working on pre-serving records, tapes, and photographs of particular types ofmusical instruments, the making of these instruments, the playing ofthem, and the techniques by which the artists actually have developedtheir craft.Mr. Yates. You are not talking of the sitar.Mr. Ripley. The sitar is a very common instrument, Mr. Yates,which is in effect taking over in the place of many variants of stringedinstruments, which are rapidly disappearing. One is called the rubara,I remember. The artists now are going to play the sitar, because theyfeel that Ravi Shankar has made a great reputation internationallyand everybody knows about sitar music. As a result they are giving upthese other instruments which were regional and local all over thecountry, and turning to sitar playing. It is just, for example, as if theviolin was now the only stringed instrument in the orchestra in thiscountry, and people had given up the cello, bass, the larger viola, andso on. It is quite extraordinary how this rapid shift comes throughfilm, radio, and TV in India causing many of the traditional instru-ments to be abandoned. 1028ADDITIONAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROJECTSMrs. Hansen. You show nothing in the way of commitment of fundsfor Israel, and yet you have several projects listed for Israel ? How doyou explain this?Mr. Euell. Madam Chairman, the excess currency program inIsrael is now diminished. We include the projects because they areongoing and funds have been committed, but we have no more PublicLaw 480 money in Israel.Mrs. Hansen. You plan a great many projects in Poland andYugoslavia.Mr. Ripley. Yugoslavia is particularly rich in archeological proj-ects, because it occupied historically a central position between theworld of Greece and the world of Italy. Relatively little is being doneto document the cities and early cultural centers set up from the bronzeage right on through. We have a good field in archeology developingthere.Mrs. Hansen. Explain the project being conducted by the SouthernMethodist University in Dallas, Tex., on recent development in tech-niques of analysis of old stone age artifacts.Mr. Ripley. In this project they are using computer techniques inanalyzing distribution of tools in prehistoric settlements to show whatthe pattern of community and family life was. This will be a projectwhich really doesn't involve digging, but involves using computerswhich are already available. I believe one of the computers is the onethat has been given to Poland by the National Academy of Sciences tocelebrate the 500th anniversary of Copernicus' birth.Mr. Yates. May I ask a question ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES TO PURCHASE OBJECTSMr. Yates. Mr. Ripley, is this the highest and best use we can makeof our Public Law 480 funds in these countries? I know that the zoodirector of Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago has been trying: to get a tigerfrom India for a long time. I don't know why Public Law 480 fundscouldn't be used for that purpose. Could they ?Mr. Ripley. You mean to purchase a tiger ?Mr. Yates. Yes; I see our expert. Dr. Reed, in the rear would liketo address himself to that question. I assume you will have to waituntil seniority prevails.Mr. Ripley. We breed tigers in this country, and, of course, theIndians are breeding them to a certain extent.Mr. Yates. This is a special kind of tiger.Mr. Ripley. The white tiger, I suppose.Mr. Yates. I saw a picture of the white tiger who had just beenmated. This was in the paper this morning. This was a special kindof tiirer that you couldn't get anywhere except India.Mrs. Hansen. Is it on the list of endangered species that cannot bebrought into the country ?Mr. Ripley. The tiger is now going on the endangered species list.The new endangered species convention will prohibit their exportunless some special permit can be given for scientific conservationpurposes. 1029Mr. Yates. The tiger is one example of what I have in mind. I amsure there are museums all over the country, too, that would likeartifacts or antiques of various kinds, which may be available in oneor more of these countries. Isn't this a program that could be usedfor that purpose ?Mr. Ripley. We have never approached it on the basis of simplybuying objects at all. We have had occasional purchases for researchcollections, but we have not authorized others to use these funds as ameans of buying objects.Mr. Yates. Why should it not be used for that purpose, if there issome rare object that the Government of the country where the fundsare deposited might want to release ?Mr. Ripley. In principle I see no reason why it shouldn't be used.Mr. Vates. I just wonder why it has never been explored.Mr. Ripley. I suppose the question hasn't ever come up.Mrs. Hansen. They have as much pride in their treasures as we do.Mr. Yates. This is true except they may have two, three, four, 01five of a particular treasure.Mr. Ripley. The Archeological Survey of India, for example, wouldrather exchange. They would like to get a collection, for example, ofpottery of the new world in exchange for something from the oldworld, that kind of thing.Mr. McDade. Would you yield ?Aren't we inhibited from using Public Law 480 funds to take thingsout of a country ?Mr. Yates. I don't think so. I think with the government's consent,you can do it.Mrs. Hansen. I don't think anybody has ever made that proposalin this committee.Mr. McDade. What does the budget officer say ?Mr. Jameson. We do have reasonably specific language in our appro-priation act which cites the uses to which these funds can be put. Isuspect part of the answer to your question is that frequently thecountries would prefer to get dollars, wherever they could. And,finally, these currencies prescribed to our use must be made availableto American universities for use in those countries. As Mr. Ripley hassaid, from time to time we have made collections as part of a researchendeavor. These have then been made available to museums for usein this country. I think we cite that in our budget justification. I think,however, that direct artifact purchase is largely an untested area.USE OF FUNDS FOR TRAVELING EXHIBITSMr. Yates. It certainly could be used for traveling exhibits andshows of objects that belong to those countries ?Mr. Ripley. Oh, yes, certainly. We could use such funds for a travel-ing exhibit, because that would not imply any change of ownership.The problem, of course, is that most of the countries in which theexcess currencies occur are limited really in the number of treasuresthat they have that they would be willing to export. They have quiterestrictive regulations in many of these countries about the exportof things that are described as national treasures. Even in the areaof archeology they might be Avilling to let the tools, stone or bronze 1030 tools, whatever they may be, pots and so, on, out for a time for study,but they usually require that these be returned to the museum centersin that country.Mr. Yates. That is what I had in mind really. Russia is letting theHermitage paintings come to this country. I am sure there are noPublic Law 480 funds in Russia.Mr. Ripley. No. We have just opened an exhibition on Thursdayof this past week in the Renwick Gallery on contemporary Indianpaintings from India, which was organized in celebration of the silverjubilee of the Indian Republic, their 25th anniversary.Mr. Yates. Will that exhibit's expense be paid for by Public Law480 funds?'Mr. Ripley. As I understand it, Mr. Yates, the Indian Governmentitself assumes the expense of sending it over here, but we are puttingit on and showing it, and helping them travel it, as a contribution,feeling that this was a very worthwhile and valuable thing to do.accomplishments from awards to dateMrs. Hansen. What has been accomplished with the $16,600,000 ingrants awarded to date under this program ?Mr. Ripley. We could submit a statement for the record.Mrs. Hansen. Please do.[The information follows:]Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program AccomplishmentsTwo hundred twenty institutions of higher learning, including consortia mem-bers, have benefited from Smithsonian foreign currency grants.Thirty-two States and the District of Columbia have benefited.Two hundred fourteen postdoctoral scholars have pursued their professionalspecialities.Two hundred twenty-one predoctoral students have received advanced trainingor conducted dissertation research.Two hundred thirty-nine publications have been received by the Smithsonian( Archeology and Related Disciplines, 134 ; Systematic and Environmental Biol-ogy, 87 ; Astrophysics and Earth Sciences, 16, and Museum Programs, 2) . Twenty-eight museums and universities in 18 States have obtained importantadditions to their study collections as a result of research conducted with Smith-sonian foreign currency program support.Outstanding research results include : Confirmation that migrating birds transport infectious viruses betweencontinents. Some of these viruses which can also cause fevers in man arevery serious health problems in temperate zones. Such fevers as West Nile,Kemerovo, and Sindbis have been identified in migrating birds in the NileValley, Smithsonian-Yale Arborvirus Laboratory.A 28-million-year-old fossil skull and jaw of the common ancestor of allhigher primates, including apes and man was discovered by Yale paleon-tologists.The basic principles and techniques of plasma physics have been success-fully applied to the study of the motion of the stars and galaxies, opening upvast new fields for the study of the universe?'Smithsonian Astrophysical Ob-servatory.Excavation of Tel Gezer in Israel has provided training in modern archeo-logical techniques to a generation of American biblical scholars. The ex-cavation has also demonstrated that Nebuchadnezzar destroyed this citywhich had been the dowry given King Solomon by Pharoah Shishak whenhis daughter became Solomon's queen?Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati,Ohio.Thousands of hard research dollars were saved the United States bystudies in Israel of the migration of marine life through the Suez Canal. Thisstudy provides a tested model for similar studies of the Panama Canal, sea- 1031 level plan. These studies in Israel have shown that the majority of commer-cially valuable fish taken in the Eastern Mediterranean had originated in theRed Sea. These studies, together with those of the Erie and Welland Canalsare evidence of man's impact on his environment?Smithsonian.Applying modern computer methods to the scattered stones of the EgyptianTemple of Akhaten dismantled in antiquity has reconstructed for moderneyes the facade of this historic temple. This project has been given extensivepublicity by publications such as Life, the National Geographic, the NewYork Times, and the Washington Star, and a definitive book on the projectwill soon be published?the University of Pennsylvania Museum.ADDITIONAL ON PHILAE PROJECTMrs. Hansen. Are there any more questions on the foreign currencyprogram ?Mr. McDade. I would like to go back once again, if I can to ourcontribution to UNESCO. That is a 25-percent underwriting of thetotal cost ; is it ?Mr. Kipley. The total cost is $16 million.Mr. McDade. So it is 25 percent ?Mr. Ripley. Yes.Mr. McDade. How is that figure arrived at ; do you know ?Mr. Ripley. As I understand it, the campaign simply arrived ata point where they knew the cost and had raised or had pledgedthe rest of the money. They then came and asked us if, in view ofthe passage of the Mutual Security Act of 1960, and President Ken-nedy's message specifically mentioning this, did we have any interestin participating in the campaign.Mr. McDade. They being whom ? Who came and asked ?Mr. Ripley. UNESCO, with the support of the Egyptian Govern-ment.Mr. McDade. And approval of our State Department.Mr. Ripley. Yes ; very definitely.Mr. McDade. Does this represent the total outlay ?Mr. Ripley. This is a one-time expense ; right.Mr. McDade. How much is the Egyptian Government itself con-tributing ; do you know ?Mr. Ripley. Mr. Euell, do you happen to know ?Mr. Etjell.. Yes. They are putting in a third of the total cost. Thatcost has escalated to about $16 million since the original estimate whichwas about $13 million some years ago. They have already, as I said,contracted out, and they feel the cost will run closer to $16 million.President Kennedy's original recommendation w^as $6 million inequivalent Egyptian pounds. We have been asked now, since othercountries have become involved and are beginning to tool up and startworking, if we would contribute.Mr. McDade. That was some 10 years ago.Mr. Euell. Yes.Mr. McDade. Why did it take 10 years ? Was it a question of gettingpledges or what ?Mr. Ripley. I think it was partly a. question of manpower becausethe major project was saving Abu-Simbel further south near the Sudanborder. That took a tremendous amount of energy because there justwasn't enough labor and engineering know-how to do it all at once.They have finally come to Philae, which is the last project.Mr. McDade. Thank you. 1032Mrs. Hansen. Mr. Veysey.Mr. Veysey. No questions.Mrs. Hansen. Mr. Evans.REVIEW OF PROJECT PROPOSALSMr. Evans. I just have one question. That is how these various proj-ects are developed, the ideas. Do they originate with the Smithsonian?Do they come to you from the colleges ?Mr. Ripley. They come to us from the universities or colleges.Mr. Evans. Except those projects of which you are a participant.Mr. Ripley. Except, of course, our own scientific or technical staffmay originate projects themselves and submit them to us in the normalcourse of events, like any other proposals. We have outside panels ofadvisers who come and meet, just as foundations have, to judge themerit and the value of each one of these projects.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record the panelists who selectedthis list of projects.Mr. Ripley. I will be very happy to list the names of the panelists.[The information follows:]Panels of Advisers?Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program(March 1, 1973)national museum act advisory councilMr. William T. Alderson, director, American Association for State and LocalHistory, Nashville, Tenn.Mr. Charles E. Buckley, director, City Art Museum of St. Louis, St. Louis;, Mo.Mr. W. D. Frankfurter, director, Grand Rapids Public Museum, Grand Rapids,Mich.Dr. Giles W. Mead, director, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History,Los Angeles, Calif.Mr. Frank Taylor, research associate, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Mr. Vernal L. Yadon, director. Museum of Natural History, Pacific Grove, Calif.Mr. Paul Perrot, chairman of the National Museum Act Advisory Council ; assist-ant secretary, museum programs, Smithsonian and National Museum programs.Mr. T. Miake, director of programs, Ontario Science Center, Toronto, Ontario.CanadaMr. Lloyd Hezekiah, director, Brooklyn Children's Museum, Brooklyn, N.Y.Mr. Lawrence J. Majewski, chairman. Conservation Center of the Institute ofFine Arts, New York University, New York, N.Y.archeology and related disciplines advisory councilDr. Klaus Baer, The Oriental Institute, Chicago, 111.Prof. Joseph W. Elder, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin, Madi-son, Wis.Dr. Clifford Geertz, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J.Prof. Oleg Grabar, Department of Fine Arts, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard Uni-versity, Cambridge, Mass.Dr. Frank Hole, Department of Anthropology, Rice University, Houston, Tex.Prof. Henry S. Robinson, Department of Classics, Case Western Reserve Uni-versity, Cleveland, Ohio.Dr. Alexander Spoehr, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, Pa.Dr. T. Dale Stewart, Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution,Washington, D.C.Prof. Homer L. Thomas, Department of Art History and Archeology, Universityof Missouri, Columbia, Mo. 1033ASTBOPHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES ADVISORY COUNCILDr. Louis Walter, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, Md.Dr. Henry Faul, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.Dr. Felix Chayes, Geophysical Lab, Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C.Dr. Victor Szebehely, Institute for Advanced Studies in Celestial Mechanics,Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin,Tex.Dr. Paul Hodge, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle,Wash.Prof. Thornton Page, Houston, Tex.Dr. Charles A. Lundquist, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge,Mass.Dr. William Melson, Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Nat-ural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.Dr. William H. Klein, director, Radiation Biology Lab, Rockville, Md.BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ADVISORY COUNCILDr. Robert D. Barnes, Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettvsburg,Pa.Prof. Kenneth W. Cooper, Department of Biology, University of California,Riverside, Calif.Dr. John F. Eisenberg, Research Division, National Zoological Park, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, D.C.Dr. William E. Hazen, Program Director, Ecosystem Analysis, National ScienceFoundation, Washington, D.C.Prof. Paul L. Illg, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle,Wash.Dr. Bostwick H. Ketchum, associate director, Woods Hole Oceanographic In-stitution, Woods Hole, Mass.Dr. Watson M. Laetsch, director, Lawrence Hall of Science, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, Calif.Dr. Peter H. Raven, director, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo.Dr. Robert Selander, Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Tex.Dr. Norman F. Sohl, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.VOLUME OF REQUESTSMr. Evans. I notice there are between 180 and 190 different studiesthat are going on. How many total requests did you have? I assumethese were the ones that were approved and several were not.Mr. Ripley. These include the ones approved. Do you have any fig-ures on that ?Mr. Euell. I don't know the exact number of proposals. The totalin the past year is about 120. We always have at least 25 percent morerequests than we can fund.Mr. Ripley. We try to satisfy about 75 percent of our applica-tions.Mr. Evans. And many of these are projects that require morethan 1 year for completion, I would suppose.Mr. Ripley. Yes, some of them are, certainly. The archeologicalones, of course, often are long-term projects.Mr. Evans. Your screening board does monitor these as well as re-view the conclusions, the end studies ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, annually, and we try to assess whether a projectis worthwhile assuming, if it is a long-term project, on the basis thatAve may not have funds in succeeding years.Mr. Evans. In all instances does this country have the right to allinformation that is developed ? 1034Mr. Ripley. Yes, we have complete frankness and openness in publi-cations and in the work, in the research.PHILAE TEMPLESMr. McDade. How long have these temples been under water?Mr. Ripley. They are now under water all year round, but have notalways been. One of the problems has been that the earlier of the twodams, going back to fairly early times, go through dry seasons or theylet out the water for irrigation. Then the water ebbs and flows causingerosion. In some seasons you could have seen almost all of the temples,but this new dam regulates the water so that they are completelyflooded out. In this case the erosion is becoming more rapid, becausethere is a good deal of current. This is washing the sandstone. Peoplecome there in boats to examine it. They bump into the carvings andthere is danger that the interior carvings on the roof will just falldown.Mr. McDade. Who in the State Department acts as your counsel ona question like this from UNESCO ? Does it come from our Ambas-sador to the U.N., from the Secretary of State, or who?Mr. Ripley. We see it from the cultural side, the Assistant Secretaryfor Cultural Affairs, with whom we maintain close relations.Mr. McDade. Who is that?Mr. Ripley. Mr. John Richardson.Mr. McDade. But is there no conversation with our representativeto the U.N. on a matter like this, since it is a UNESCO request ?Mr. Ripley. I am sure that there is, but we would not handle it di-rectly. It would come through the State Department.Mr. McDade. In other words, when you got this request fromUNESCO, you simply talked to the U.S. Assistant Secretary at Statefor Cultural Affairs for approval?Mr. Ripley. I placed this request before our Board of Regents andthe Regents asked me to check both with the Assistant Secretary forCultural Affairs and also the Assistant Secretary for the Middle East,in this case Mr. Joseph Sisco, to see whether it was consonant withU.S. official policy. I received assurance from both of them that thiswas consonant with U.S. policy. There was no objection to it, in otherwords. Construction ProgramMrs. Hansen. We will insert justification pages D-l through D-12in the record at this point.[The pages follow :] 1035 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION CURRENT BUILDING PROGRAM Appropriated Fiscal YearProject to Date 1974 Request Construction and Improvements,National Zoological Park $9,578,000 $3,850,000 1/ Restoration and Renovationof Buildings 13,887,000 1,220,000 2/ Construction:Hirshhorn Museum and SculptureGarden 15,000,000 3/National Air and Space Museum 14,900,000 4/ 27,000,000 5/ 1/ Planning parking, operations and maintenance, exhibit, and visitor facilities;construction of large cat exhibit; and building and facilities repairs.2/ Further improvements to electrical power distribution system and access roadat the Mt. Hopkins observatory; library addition planning; repairs andimprovements to buildings and facilities; and development of a master planfor Smithsonian Institution facilities.3/ Excludes $200,000 for relocation of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathologyand $1,000,000 committed by Mr. Joseph H. Hirshhorn for construction.4/ Plus an additional $27,000,000 in contract authority.5/ Appropriation to liquidate contract authority. 1036CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENTS,NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK1972 Appropriation $ 200,0001973 Appropriation $ 675,0001974 Estimate $3,850,000 An appropriation of $3,850,000 is requested for construction of Lion Hill(large cat exhibit); for planning the terraced parking and operations andmaintenance facility; for tentative design of the primate exhibit and developmentof adjoining Rock Creek Valley; designing the Elephant House exterior paddocks,modified interior treatment, landscaping, and walks; designing the Bird Houseenvirons, waterfowl pond, crane yard, sanctuary, walks, and graphics; designingthe Harvard Street restaurant; and for the program of renovations and repairs ofexisting facilities at the National Zoological Park. Schematic designs for thesefacilities were included with the Master Plan for the Zoo which received approvalfrom the Commission of Fire Arts on July 12, 1972, and the National CapitalPlanning Commission on September 7, 1972.Funds are requested in the following categories:1. Construction of Lion Hill (Large Cat Exhibit) ($3,000,000)An appropriation of $3,000,000 is requested for the large cat (lion andtiger) exhibit. This will replace the present Lion House constructed in 1890which is a dangerous fire hazard. The old building is substantially as it wasbuilt, no large scale remodeling has ever been done, and the small and confinedexhibit cages are typical of zoo exhibit techniques at the turn of the century.Rehabilitation is undesirable from an animal exhibition and management viewpoint,and uneconomical from a design and construction viewpoint. The new lion andtiger exhibit will feature large outside exhibit yards or grottos fronted by widevisitor walkways interspersed with seating and viewing areas. Wide water moatswill be used to contain the animals. Extensive landscaping will be employed topresent a natural environment with the illusion of freedom for the animals. Thenecessary schelters, cubbing dens, and animal holding and service facilities,including curator's offices and laboratories, will be underground structures soas to minimize the impact of architectural structures upon the landscape. Indooranimal viewing for visitors who frequent the Zoo during periods of inclementweather will be provided. Planning funds ($275,000) for this major new exhibitionare in the FY 1973 appropriation.2. Planning ($620,000) ?Visitors Parking and Operations and Maintenance Structure ? $300,000An amount of $300,000 is sought for design of tentative plans for the entireTerraced Parking Structure and operations and maintenance quarters at groundlevel, and for detailed plans for Phase I. This is phase one of the improvedparking facilities for the visiting public, many of whom are now unable to parkat the Zoo on peak visitation days. The tentative plans will provide accuratelayout, engineering analysis, and a phased construction program.Design of the terraced parking will include underground parking areas in aratio of one space on a terrace to two spaces in an underground structure. Thetotal number of spaces will range from 1,500 to 2,200 cars. The higher number isthe recommendation of the parking consultants in the Master Planning. Therewill be 140,000 square feet of the underground structure used to house the 1037 maintenance shops and warehousing operations, commissary, and police ready rooms.These operations are now scattered throughout the Park in crowded and inadequatequarters causing many control, supervision, and operation problems. ?Primate Exhibit and Development of Adjoining Rock Creek Valley ? $100,000Funds in the amount of $100,000 are requested for tentative design of thePrimate Exhibit to be located in Rock Creek Valley near the Calvert Street Bridge.This design will approximate a habitat environment for the primates currentlyhoused in cramped, barred cages. These facilities will afford opportunities torear family groups of primates and for behavioral research, which cannot becarried out in the present primate facilities. This amount is estimated to includetentative design work for Rock Creek bank protection and the required access roadto permit a link-up between the Zoo trackless train and the Metro Station atConnecticut Avenue and Calvert Street. --Elephant House ? $100,000An amount of $100,000 is sought for design of the Elephant House exteriorpaddocks, modified interior treatment, and landscaping and walks. Included inthis work are expanded exterior pachyderm paddocks, using water moats to confinethe animals. Visitor viewing will be enhanced by the reduction of visualbarriers, the widening of walks, and the inclusion of graphic educational material.Appropriate landscape development is also contemplated. Interior treatment willbe limited to rehabilitation of animal doors and redevelopment of animal spaces.Attention will be given to improvement of interior appearances with strategicallyplaced plant material and color treatment. ?Bird House Environs ? $60,000Funding of $60,000 is sought for design of the waterfowl pond, crane yards,sanctuary, and walks and graphics. The waterfowl pond anticipated in thisdevelopment will contain islands planted with ornamental grasses to create ahabitat for the birds. The outdoor crane yards will be flanked by a pergolathrough which visitors will walk to observe the birds in a garden setting. Asanctuary for observing native birds in a garden setting will, along with graphiceducational material, develop and encourage viewers to have a greater awareness ofnative birds and their role in local environmental settings. Completion in timefor the Bicentennial year is contemplated. ?Harvard Street Restaurant ? $60,000This new food handling facility is badly needed to replace the existingrestaurant which was not designed to handle mass production of convenience foodsrequired by the constantly increasing number of visitors to the Zoo. Design forthis item would be through contract drawings and, with construction funding in asubsequent budget, would permit the new restaurant to be available for theBicentennial year. The existing structure will serve as an interim visitorinformation center.3. Repairs and Renovations ($230,000)An amount of $230,000 is required to continue the program of renovation andrepairs of existing facilities. This funding is required to keep the old part ofthe Zoo in use for the visiting public; for the care and comfort of the animals;and to keep the new buildings in good condition so that in the future the Zoo 1038 will not be faced with an overwhelming workload of repairs necessary to keep thebuildings open. While priorities have not been established, it is planned to usethese funds for the following projects: a. Insulation of steam lines in tunnel and extension of tunnel.b. Installation of heat exchangers at all buildings to convertsteam into hot water.c. Replacement of Reptile House and Small Mammal House roofs.d. Repairs to stone retaining wall along the service road.e. Installation of air curtains at hoofed stock buildings.f. Miscellaneous electrical improvements including newtransformers and distribution panels within buildings.These renovation and repair projects will be accomplished, keeping in mindthe Master Plan for the renovation of the Zoo and the projected life expectancyin relation to eventual replacement. 1039RESTORATION AND RENOVATION OF BUILDINGS1972 Appropriation $ 550,0001973 Appropriation $5,014,0001974 Estimate $1,220,000 An appropriation of $1,220,000 is requested for the following projects inSmithsonian Institution facilities:1. Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, Observatory roadand power improvements $385,0002. Silver Hill improvements and development 250,0003. General building and facility repairsand improvements 315,0004. National Museum of History andTechnology Library addition planning 100,0005. Conservation-Analytical Laboratoryspace preparations 50,0006. Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute repairs and improvements 45,0007. Smithsonian Facilities Master Plan 75,000Total $1,220,000 Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, Observatory Road and Power ImprovementsAn appropriation of $385,000 is requested for further road and powerimprovements.With the $120,000 appropriated in FY 1973, the Smithsonian AstrophysicalObservatory has undertaken a major renovation of the electrical power system atits Mt. Hopkins, Arizona, Observatory, so that it will match the rapidlyincreasing observational potential of the installation. The Corps of Engineershas completed the first draft of its study of a power distribution improvement forthe ridge and summit. It includes properly buried cable and lightning protectionas well as provision for communications, data lines, and water pipes. After thisdraft is reviewed, and any necessary modifications made, bids will be invited forthe first construction phase of this project. All this is expected to take placebefore the end of this current fiscal year. The initial construction contractwill be let this year. The FY 1974 request of $300,000 will complete the projectof bringing safe and reliable electrical power to the mountain's summit.The most dangerous sections of the Mt. Hopkins access road are beingrepaired and improved in FY 1973 with the $100,000 appropriated. Plans call forcontinued improvement of hazardous sections of road in FY 1974 and followingyears. An appropriation of $85,000 is requested for FY 1974. This work will beaccomplished by the use of outside contractors as well as the use of temporarypersonnel with purchased materials. This project will require about five yearsfor completion at a total cost of $800,000. 93-397 O - 73 - 66 1040 Silver Hill Improvements and DevelopmentAn appropriation of $250,000 is requested for the Silver Hill, Maryland,storage and restoration facility.The Institution faces harsh pressures for additional storage and work space.Mall buildings are crammed to the rafters. Exhibits halls in buildings on theMall have been removed from public use when absolutely necessary to house nationalcollections. Loan programs intensify. Acquisition and retention practice isunder active review at many levels. Material inventories are reduced, but growthand use of national collections exceed any limited gains from such measures. Forpartial relief, off-Mall storage options have been developed wherever feasible forhousing materials requiring only limited access.In 1970, a 96,000 square foot warehouse in the Federal Records Center inAlexandria was assigned to the Institution. It is now used by 14 Smithsonianbureaus and organizations. But on 10 March 1975, it becomes the exclusive propertyof the City of Alexandria as deeded to it by the U.S. Government. GSA assistanceIn finding equivalent space is being sought; however.no assurances of replacementhave been received. The Institution must seek to cover its own needs to thegreatest extent possible.At Silver Hill the growing collections of the National Air and Space Museumrequire additional safe housing. Exhibits development for the forthcoming majornew National Air and Space Museum on the Mall demands additional work space.Although the need for off-Mall storage will continue indefinitely beyond theopening of the new museum (only a small percentage of the study collection can behoused on the Mall), the years immediately ahead, FY 1974 and FY 1975, are criticalfor assuring effective development of the NASM curation, restoration, fabrication,and exhibit preparation. The Museum of Natural History must gain additionaloff-Mall storage space as soon as possible to manage effectively its immediateMall space problems. Other Mall activities are pressed hard to relocate tooff-Mall those of their activities that can be carried out effectively so placed.The Photographic Services Division' 6 processing laboratory is a prime example.Centralized Office of Exhibits workshops is another.All these needs speak to the value of the fullest use possible of remainingdevelopment options at the Institution's 21 acre Silver Hill (Suitland, Maryland)site for low-cost, temporary structures. Twenty-one structures, totaling 265,000square feet, have been built at the site since 1953. An estimated additionaldevelopment of 90,000 square feet of comparable configuration (low-cost,single-level structures) is practicable. For FY 1974 there is sought $250,000 toachieve the next stages of improvement and development of the site. This willpermit between 20,000 and 30,000 square feet of additional development for storageand work space through construction of simple, low-cost structures and modifica-tions and additions to present structures?a level of development comparable tothat of several earlier years. Site studies are underway to set the mostefficient combination of renovation, extension, and construction of low-coststructures. General Building and Facility Repairs and ImprovementsAn appropriation of $315,000 is requested for several Smithsonian buildingsand facilities to make improvements and repairs to prevent further deterioration,ensure public safety, enhance appearance, and facilitate the program operations ofthe research organizations, museums, and galleries using these spaces. 1041 Fine Arts and Portrait Galleries BuildingAn appropriation of $50,000 is required for the following projects: ?Landscaping of the courtyard, replacement and repair of the sidewalks, andthe repair and reactivation of the two fountains. This work will complete therestoration of the courtyard which was curtailed during the building renovationdue to lack of funds. The courtyard has a great aesthetic impact on the buildingand offers the opportunity for outdoor activities in a pleasing setting ($25,000). ?Roof repairs are necessary to forestall deterioration of the structureas well as prevent damage to art treasures housed within the building. Thisnecessary work was deferred from the previous renovation project and should beaccomplished as soon as practical ($25,000).History and Technology BuildingAn appropriation of $50,000 is requested for the following work: ?The installation of fire control systems has been planned to coincide withrevisions of the exhibition halls to reduce the costs and length of time that anarea will be out of public service. This program extends the fire control workwhich was done following the disastrous fire on the third floor of the buildingon September 30, 1970 ($50,000). This is one increment of a five-year programestimated to cost $250,000.Smithsonian Institution Building ,An appropriation of $20,000 is sought for the following project: ?The repair of existing roadways, the installation of curbs, and thereplacement of sidewalks to correct deteriorated conditions and surface drainageproblems is required. The improved appearance and reduced possibility ofpedestrian Injuries due to faulty surfaces make this a most important project($20,000).Freer Gallery of ArtAn appropriation of $15,000 is needed for the following work: ?Recurring blistering of roof covering and leakage around skylights andflashings cannot be economically combatted without removal of existingunsatisfactory materials and replacement with a heavy duty roof covering. Thiswork is necessary for the preservation of the building and to remove any possibilityof rain water damage to the irreplaceable objects in the collections ($15,000).Natural History BuildingAn appropriation of $125,000 will be used for the following projects: ?The existing climate control systems utilize a single filtering media forthe air intake systems. These filters cannot remove sufficient dirt particles tomaintain satisfactory interior conditions since they only remove approximately 25percent of atmospheric dust. The excessive dirt deposits cause deterioration ofinvaluable objects in the collections, require excessive clean-up efforts, andadd to the cost of maintenance and operation of the building. This projectInvolves the installation of a second filtering stage to the system which willreduce atmospheric dust by 85 percent and control the excessive dirt problem moreefficiently. Modifications to the 10 existing air handling systems, installation 1042 of gauges and controls, and installation of high efficiency air filters willresult in long term savings and provide improved environmental conditions forpersonnel, visitors, and the collections ($40,000). ?The automatic fire control systems should be extended to public areas,reference collection areas, offices, and workrooms. This work has been planned asan incremental project to coincide with other alteration and exhibition changesthat are programmed for the building. In this way a total coverage can be obtainedafter several years of continued work without disruption of ongoing activities.The project will improve the protection of museum objects, reduce the firepotential where burnable materials are present, and provide a significantimprovement to the safety of the occupants of the building ($25,000). This isthe first increment of a $500,000 program. ? It is important to convert existing space into more usable areas toaccommodate pressing needs for office, research, and curation purposes in theNatural History Building. These improvements will permit consolidation ofactivities with attendant increased efficiency, better coordination of internalprograms, and adequate working conditions for the staff ($60,000).The project will include completion of an existing partial second floorlevel; installation of partitions; revisions of heating, ventilating, and airconditioning systems; installation of modern lighting, adequate electrical andcommunications systems, floor coverings, fire detection and security systems.Anacostia Neighborhood MuseumAn appropriation of $25,000 will be used for the following work: ?The museum serves over 50,000 visitors each year with a wide variety ofexhibits, classes, discussion groups, and other community participation services.The museum itself is a converted movie theatre. Classes and other programs areheld in old neighborhood buildings not originally designed for heavy visitor use.Conditions in each of these buildings do not meet acceptable functional,environmental, or safety standards. An appropriation of $25,000 is requested forelectrical and plumbing work; roof, wall, and floor repairs; improved lighting;painting; and other work.Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental StudiesAn appropriation of $30,000 is requested for the following work: ?The Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies' (CBCES) pier on theRhode River, while still having sound pilings, has deck planking which isgradually rotting. Most of the deck should be replaced to make the pier saferfor vehicles (oil trucks, etc.) and personnel. In addition, the boat launchingramp needs to be widened and extended for ease and safety of launching and removingboats ($9,000). ?The Poplar Island group, of which the Smithsonian owns two islands, isbeing eroded away by storms. Jefferson Island contains a lodge, caretaker'scottage, and numerous out-buildings and is valued at something over one milliondollars. In order to start to protect this property from erosion, somebulkheading should be erected. The caretaker's cottage on this island is alsoin need of repairs. With aluminum siding and some internal renovation, thiscottage would be expected to give additional years of service. The remote locationof the island requires that it be self-contained. Electricity is generated bydiesel generators. Two generators are required to assure a constant supply of 1043 electricity (which in turn runs pumps for water, radio service, etc.). Onegenerator has been rebuilt this year and is now in good repair. The othergenerator is World War II surplus and should be replaced to assure the electricsupply ($9,000). ?The parking area at CBCES is frequently filled to overflowing with theincreased popularity of the Center as a site for research and meetings ofenvironmental groups. Expansion of the parking area cannot take place untiltemporary structures are moved, certain utility lines relocated, and the areagraded and resurfaced ($3,000). ?The main gate at CBCES needs to be replaced with a modern electronic gate.Currently the single gate from the main access road into CBCES is locked by alarge padlock. Personnel wishing to enter the area at night or on the weekendsmust wait for the security guard to come to the entrance and unlock the gate. Amodern electronic gate with entry to authorized personnel using a laminatedmagnetic card would free the security guard for patrols around the Center ($2,000). ?Several existing structures at the Center are in need of routinemaintenance. The main office/laboratory needs to be resurfaced and painted, theroof on one building needs painting, and the lock system in the main building needsto be converted from the home-type system currently being used to a system whichallows the use of a single master key by authorized personnel and individual keysto personnel allowed into only certain areas of the building ($7,000).National Museum of History and Technology Library Addition PlanningAn amount of $100,000 is requested to finish architectural plans andspecifications for construction of additional library space in the National Museumof History and Technology. The FY 1973 appropriation contained $150,000 for thefirst stages of detailed planning. The steady growth of the NMHT collections andthe intensification of the Museum's research programs have made its presentlibrary facilities and study areas inadequate to the needs of its staff and themany visiting scholars it receives each year. Thousands of rare and importantbooks are In storage and totally inaccessible for research purposes. It isevident that this problem will become more severe in the years ahead. TheInstitution must provide for its solution.In addition to this urgent general need, the Institution wishes to provideappropriate facilities for a great collection of rare books on the history ofscience and technology that may be offered as a gift. This collection has beenappraised conservatively at substantially more than a million dollars. Itsacquisition by the NMHT would greatly enhance the Museum's department of scienceand technology and establish the Smithsonian as a national center for the historyof science and technology.The original architect of the History and Technology Building has developedpreliminary plans for a sixth-floor addition that would tastefully andeconomically meet both the overall requirements and the particular need for addedlibrary space. This additional $100,000 would enable detailed plans andspecifications to be made and also enable the Smithsonian to obtain an accurateestimate of construction costs.Conservation-Analytical Laboratory Space PreparationsThe Laboratory currently has its staff of 12, visiting interns, books,benches, shelving, and $120,000 worth of scientific equipment multilayered into2,600 square feet. The space is desperately overcrowded to the point of 1044 endangering museum objects under treatment. One other staff member occupies acorner of another office's workroom. Two additional interns have desks in theUnderwater Laboratory.It is now planned to acquire about 2,000 square feet of adjacent space to berelinquished by the Office of Exhibits by FY 1974. It will have to be re-equippedwith: a fume extraction system, dust-proof ceilings, humidity control, sinks,water, properly located power supplies, resilient-tile floor covering, work-benches, matching lighting, and walls painted to compensate for lack of anywindows . With careful organization, this refurbished space will immediately relievea badly over-crowded situation and may later house additional staff requested tobegin correction of the deficiencies in the Smithsonian conservation program.An appropriation of $50,000 will accomplish this preparation.Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Repairs and ImprovementsAn appropriation of $45,000 is requested for necessary repairs,improvements and enlargement of present facilities.All buildings at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) are loadedto the rafters with people, labs, and materials. Simple enlargement and limitedaddition of work facilities where possible is the only practical course toaccommodate the active uses of the place by ongoing programs in research andconservation, serving hundreds of participants from universities and labs fromthroughout the country.At the same time that its buildings are over committed in terms of demand,the special costs of maintaining these buildings in the tropical environment mustbe borne. Despite modern methods of wood treatment, damage caused by termites,ants, bat guano, and dry rot in the humid forest environment cannot be fullystopped. Use of insecticides is extremely hazardous to the research done by STRI,especially on the island. Future construction on the island will be mainly ofconcrete block, but restoration of already damaged buildings will be necessaryover a period of several years until new structures can be built.The appropriation request will permit limited accomplishment of these needson a priority basis. This work will be accomplished by contractual services orby using existing staff labor. The funds requested will be used to purchaseservices, necessary supplies, and construction material.Smithsonian Facilities Master PlanAn appropriation of $75,000 is requested to undertake the study anddevelopment of a master plan for Smithsonian facilities in the Washington, D. C.area. The Institution occupies 2.7 million square feet of net working space at20 different sites in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Authorized programs,collections, work staffs, educational programs, research efforts, conservationefforts, support, protection, and maintenance needs consume this resource totally.Growing National Collections, now upwards of 70,000,000 in number, are predictableconsumers of major volumes of additional space. The collections, of no value ifnot cared for, preserved, and made available for study and sharing, demandimproved and expanded housing along with associated conservators, researchers,students, and concerned public. Bicentennial emphasis simply accelerates national 1045interest in understanding the Nation's history through its artifacts.Environmental and social concerns intensify demands for mining the wealth ofinformation possessed by the National Collections. These efforts demand newspace. Short-term solutions, partial to some of the needs, have been practicallyexhausted.Of the net working space cited above, 1.7 million feet are on the Mall; andit is with programs housed in the Mall structures that the principle growthrequirement exists. Preserving space for enlightenment and education of thepublic, the highest priority for employment of Mall space, conflicts inevitablywith growth of collections and their necessary work staffs. Something must give.The alternatives are to seek short-term remedial relief again and again, or,instead, to establish a balanced program with each subsequent proposed constructioneffort, starting in the balance of the 1970s and continuing for the next immediatedecades of national growth, fitting together into an overall logistical system.There appears no logical choice other than to move assemblies of collections andemployees to an off-Mall support center coordinated with the most effectivepossible use of remaining on-Mail opportunities. The key to such efforts is tounderstand clearly the spatial and cost concomitants of interrelating theInstitution's 40 separate bureaus, organizations, and services. Methods must beoutlined and assessed for the most feasible and effective use of present andfuture space and the transfer of information and objects between sites. Studymust be made of apatial relationships of acquisitions, accessions, preservation,conservation, exhibitions planning, development and maintenance, reference andresearch, and varied administrative and support activities. In effect, an overalllogistical systems analysis must be made delineating the most efficient assembliesof activities on present and potential sites. 1046 CONSTRUCTION(Liquidation of Contract Authority)1972 Appropriation $ 5,597,000 1/1973 Appropriation $13,000,000 2/1974 Estimate $27,000,000 3/ The Act of August 12, 1946, established the National Air Museum as a bureau ofthe Smithsonian Institution. The Congress included provisions for selecting a sitefor a National Air Museum building to be located in the Nation's Capital. By theAct of September 6, 1958, the Congress designated a site for a building to be onthe Mall from Fourth Street to Seventh Street, Independence Avenue to JeffersonDrive. Public Law 89-509 in 1966 authorized the construction of the National Airand Space Museum. At that time approved plans were developed for the building'sconstruction at a cost of $40 million but actual appropriations and constructionwere held up by Southeast Asia military expenditures.In order to keep the costs of this major new museum building at $40 million,the Smithsonian Institution requested and was appropriated $1,900,000 in FY 1972 toredesign this National Air and Space Museum. This new design was approved by theCommission of Fine Arts on May 17, 1972, and the National Capital PlanningCommission on September 7, 1972. In FY 1973 $13,000,000 was appropriated for theNational Air and Space Museum plus $27,000,000 in contract authority. It isrequested that $27,000,000 be appropriated in FY 1974 to liquidate the balance ofthe contract authority.Excavation for the building is well underway and the foundation work has beenstarted. Bids have been awarded for the structural steel, marble, foundations,metal decks, electrical and mechanical systems, skylights, window walls, elevators,and roofing. By the spring of 1973 contracts for the entire project will have beenawarded. This means, that except for a small reservation and a contingency fund,most of $41,900,000 will have been obligated. The project is now on schedule withexpected substantial completion in late summer of 1975 ready for the installationof exhibits and a target opening date of July 4, 1976. Annual attendance of sixmillion visitors is expected to this major new center of exhibition, exposition,and education in the history, science, and technology of man's air and spaceexplorations. 1/ FY 1972 $3,697,000 was appropriated toward the liquidation of contractauthority for the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and$1,900,000 for planning the National Air and Space Museum.2/ $40,000,000 was authorized in contract authority for the National Air andSpace Museum of which $13,000,000 was appropriated.3/ Liquidation of balance of contract authority. 1047NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARKMrs. Hansen. $3,850,000 is requested for construction improvementsfor the National Zoological Park. The master plan for the zoo was ap-proved by the National Capital Planning Commission on September 7,1972. These funds are requested to begin implementation of that plan.What are the total costs estimated for bringing the zoo into the con-formance with the plan ?Mr. Ripley. I would like to ask Dr. Reed to testify to this point if1 may, Madam Chairman, because he not only knows all about tigersbut he knows all about master plans.Mr. Reed. May I present the master plan report as approved by theFine Arts and National Capital Planning Commission ? In answer toyour question as to the total amount of moneys needed to bring thepresent zoo into conformance with the master plan at the present time,1 would estimate that with the broad, schematic plans and very roughcost estimates that Ave now have, it would be about $80 million over aperiod of many years.Mrs. Hansen. How many years are involved ?Mr. Reed. We are figuring 20 years on this. If we were appropriateda higher level of funds on annual increments, then we could buildfaster and it wouldn't cost so much to build in the end. We have had, asyou know, 1 percent a month, 10 to 12 percent a year, cost construc-tion inflation the past fews years. If we had continued our 10-yearprogram that we started in 1961, we would be done now, and wewouldn't be looking to twenty years in the future.Mr. McKay. Maybe you will be building it over again.Mr. Reed. I hope not, sir.Mr. Ripley. Building cycles should be every 25 years I believe for azoo, Mr. McKay, but unfortunately they are usually every 100 hun-dred years.Mr. Reed. It certainly seems to be that way and certainly by the timeAve get all the advice from the reviewing bodies we certainly buildbuildings that are going to last for a considerable time. The programthat we presently have, as you know, through reprograming approvedby this committee and the Senate subcommittee on appropriations isfor three items. The rhino pens are coming along very nicely. Workis in progress on the second phase of the panda house and that also iscoming along very nicely. There will be no overrun on either one ofthose. We insisted that construction costs be kept within the repro-gramed amounts. The plans for remodeling the monkey and the Pumahouses are about 80 percent complete now, and probably will go out toconstruction bid this summer sometime, probably June or July.FUTURE CONSTRUCTION PLANSMrs. Hansen. Page 22 and 23 of the master plan report gives yourconstruction outlook. Is this correct ?Mr. Reed. This is a construction outlook. On any one of these designsand plans you have to make some sort of a cost projection. I personallydidn't want to make a projection because we are committing ourselvesto the future. This is the best that we could do figuring a long periodof time. Some this timespan is due to the fact that we cannot buildone object until another object is built. For instance, the site of the 1048 miserable 1914 bear pens is where we are going to put a new primateexhibit for some of the smaller monkeys, but we can't do that untilwe move the bears. We can't move the bears until we move the dogs.We will have to play this game of musical chairs.Mr. Ripley. Musical bears.Mr. Reed. And lions and monkeys and geese. We have got the mostmusical animals you ever saw. For 1976 obviously we cannot have thecenter of the zoo decimated by construction. So the construction beingdone at that time will be on the periphery of the zoo, not in the centerof the zoo. ALLIGATORS AND CROCODILESMrs. Hansen. Mr. Yates wants to know the difference between acrocodile and an alligator. Will you enlighten him ?Mr. Reed. Certainly. First of all we go back, this is a very old, oldstory. The alligator is found only in Southern United States andChina, so anything else you run across any place else in the worldis a crocodile.Mr. Yates. That is the difference.Mr. Reed. That is the simplest difference for an old horse doctorlike me. The basic difference shows in the webbing between the claws,the protuberance of nostrils and visibility of the teeth when the mouthis closed. The best way you can tell the difference is when an animalhas its mouth shut. If you can see the fangs sticking up then it is acrocodile. If it has got its mouth closed and you can't see the teethshowing then it is an alligator. Regarding the location of the nostrils,the alligator has a smooth nose while the crocodile has one littleperiscope or protuberance for the nostrils.Mr. Yates. No difference in size ?Mr. Reed. Oh, yes a difference in size. There must be 24 or 25 dif-ferent species of crocodiles? Some of them are about 3 feet long, thelittle dwarf crocodiles from Africa and then the salt water crocodileis over 25 feet long, much bigger than an alligator. Do come out to thezoo and I will show you the little one and big one and a couple inbe-tween.Mr. Yates. Okay, I will be there.Mr. Ripley. We would love to show you the pandas. We can showyou the pandas if you come on your way to work some morning. Wecan have a quiet little showing before too many people are around.That is the best time to sec them.Mr. Reed. They are most active early in the morning. Really theyare a lot cuter than crocodiles.Mr. Yates. How early ?Mr. Reed. About 8 :30 or earlier.Mr. Yates. When are they the most active ?Mr. Reed. Between 8 :30 and about 9 :30. They are fed at 9 :30 in themorning. We usually turn them out about 8 and they play around intheir yards. They are active, anticipating their meal. Usually theytake a bath before they go in and have breakfast. Like all growingchildren after they have had their food they want to take a nap. Sothey sack out when all the people are coming, thousands of visitorscoming to see the sleeping pandas.I have had some very difficult letters to answer on that. 1049ESTIMATED TOTAL COST OF ZOO CONSTRUCTIONMrs. Hansen. You haven't given us the total cost yet of the zooconstruction.Mr. Reed. We are anticipating the cost to be $70 million over aperiod of 20 years.Mrs. Hansen. Is it going to be a larger sum any one particular yearthan another due to the type of construction ?Mr. Reed. Yes, it will, particularly those years in which we arebuilding some of the larger features. It is my hope that we can bringit up to a general level of funding of about $6 million a year. However,as you know, it must go through the Office of Management and Budgetand other reviews before we can come to you and ask for an appropria-tion. I hope that we can keep it at about that level but it will varyfrom year to year due to items that are being constructed.LARGE CAT EXHIBITMrs. Hansen. $3 million is requested for construction of a large catexhibit. Is all the necessary planning completed for this project?Mr. Reed. It is not completed as yet. We have the plans here if youwould care to see them. This is a set of the plans as we have them now.We are now into the final working drawings. We have the tentativeplans. We know what it is going to look like.Mrs. Hansen. When will those be complete ?Mr. Reed. They should be done sometime late this summer. Thenthrough the General Services Administration we review the documentsand issue the bids. We hope to be in construction by January orFebruary of 1974.Mrs. Hansen. Is $3 million the total cost for the cat exhibit?Mr. Reed. Yes, ma'am.Mrs. Hansen. Why did you decide to proceed with this projectfirst?Mr. Reed. Dr. Ripley and I agreed that the present lion house isthe most miserable building that we have.Mr. Ripley. It is the worst.Mr. Reed. It is the worst.Mr. Ripley. We have had disease. It was built in 1890 and we feltthat it was really the highest priority because these large cats arean enormous, popular attraction. People constantly are saying, "Howcan you keep these cats in this miserable place? How can you havethese magnificent animals in such antiquated and miserable quarters?"Our answer is we have had this since 1890 and it was good enoughin 1890, so we have been stuck with it.Mr. McKay. How many cats do you have ?Mr. Reed. At the present time we have about 15 cats, that is, lions,tigers, leopards, jaguars, pumas and cheetahs, the larger size cats.There are about 17 of the smaller size cats, for example, bobcats.Mr. McKay. What is the total cat population? Thirty-five?Mr. Reed. The total cat population is now 32 animals. I hope itfluctuates upwards by births.Mr. Ripley. We have, of course, bred many lions and some tigersover these years and occasionally some of the smaller cats. 1050Mr. Reed. I think our breeding record considering the rather old-fashioned inadequate quarters has been quite satisfactory. It is notwhat I personally would like to have, but then I am sure it will bemuch better when we have adequate quarters with cubbing dens, theisolation of the females, and with lots more space for the animals toexercise in. PLANNING ADDITIONAL FACILITIESMrs. Hansen. $620,000 is requested for planning of five structuresat the zoo. Will construction funds be requested next year and whatwill be the total cost of these structures ?Mr. Reed. At the present moment I am unable to tell you what thetotal cost for these structures will be based on the very preliminaryplans that we now have; that is, we haven't got a cost estimate onthese yet.We will be requesting construction funds for some of these plans.What I feel we must do, is get our plans ahead of our constructionrequests, so that we have a solid set of plans. I want to be able topresent to you complete documentation and say, "Here are the con-struction documents" instead of walking in and saying "Here are80-percent complete plans," or tentatives.Mrs. Hansen. Have you been behind in your planning?Mr. Reed. The phasing of planning, construction, getting approvals,and appropriations has not always been on the same level at the sametime. We want to get on a solid basis. This request for design moneywill help bring us into schedule.Mrs. Hansen. Of the projects listed in your justifications whichare your high-priority items ?Mr. Reed. My personal priority items for construction of thoseitems we are requesting planning funds for would be enlarging theoutside pens of the elephant house, and then the tentative plans forthe primate exhibit.The primate quarters are pretty miserable, small prison-cell typecages now. We want to get a tentative plan for the downstream of thevalley of Rock Creek which will include flood control?as you know,we had Agnes last year which caused us quite a bit of trouble?thesheep and the goats, the primate quarters, and a tractor-train con-necting pathway between that area and the Calvert Street and Con-necticut Avenue corner which will be a block away from the subway.The connecting tramway will give our visitors an opportunity tocome to the zoo from the subway with only a block's walk. Otherwisethey have to walk 2,000 feet to get from the subway station to thepedestrian entrance of the zoo.The other project, the birdhouse environs, including fixing smalloutside cages, of course, is very dear to my heart because I would liketo get that outside area to be equal to the modernized inside area.The proposed Harvard Street Restaurant is a facility for our visi-tors. This is certainly badly needed by the zoo. The present restaurantwas built in 1941.Mrs. Hansen. Is this operated by a concessionaire ?Mr. Reed. By a concessionaire ; yes. It has returned to the Govern-ment over four times its original investment price. 1051Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record what the restaurant hasreturned to the Government.Mr. Reed. Certainly ; I would be delighted to.[The information follows :]Receipts From Zoo RestaurantThe receipts from the zoo restaurant from 1965 through 1972 amounted to$644,437.14. No records are currently available on the receipts from 1941 through1964. The restaurant cost $75,000 to construct, so the return on this investmentmust be 10 times. REPAIR AND RENOVATION FUNDSMr. Reed. The $223,000 requested for repairs and renovation is acontinuing requirement to keep the zoo going and to keep us from get-ting into the position of increasing deterioration where we were sev-eral years ago and still are to some extent.We must maintain the plant. We must keep up roof and sidewalkrepairs. PARKING FACILITYMrs. Hansen. The planning of the visitor parking and operationand maintenance structure is the last of your priorities? Is t^atcorrect ?Mr. Reed. Madam Chairman, you have asked me if this is the last ofmy priorities. As an animal man I am always going to put the priori-ties on the animals first. However, we are going to have to review allpriorities when we have more of the plans developed to see wherevisitor parking fits into the total development.As an animal man I want to take care of the animals. Dr. Ripleyhas to keep telling me I have to take care of visitors, too.Mrs. Hansen. Isn't the operation of the Metro going to change yourautomobile situation?Mr. Reed. I get so many different opinions. If you want to sayMetro is going to help, you can get experts who say it will. If you wantto say Metro isn't going to help you can get experts who say it isn'tgoing to make any difference.There is some debate as to whether people who will use the Metrofor daily commuting will also use Metro for a weekend or holiday fam-ily outing to the zoo. This person may want to put the family in thecar and take them to the zoo. I have no idea.Really, I am in no position to judge how it is going to to affect us.I hope that it does help. I hope that people come to the zoo by Metro.Mrs. Hansen. Don't you think you should ask Metro for better sta-tistics on this before you get into this section of your constructionprogram ?Mr. Reed. Madam Chairman, I will go again. Yes, I have been manytimes to Metro.[The information follows :] MetroA request has been made to Metro for information on the numbers of visitorswho can be expected to come to the zoo via Metro instead of by car. When theirresponse is received a copy will be provided the committee. 1052Mrs. Hansen. I think you should have a study on likely use of theMetro on, say, a Saturday and Sunday. I think you have to face thefact that the whole traffic pattern is going to change because of thetransit and our current energy situation. If the transit is going to besuccessful it has to be operative on Saturday and Sunday.Mr. Reed. I can say that the ultimate parking capability that ourtraffic consultants say that we will need is a good deal more than thatwhich we are going to be able to furnish. We are not meeting what thetraffic consultant says is the ultimate need.We have reached a compromise to what we think will be satisfactoryto the people for parking most of the time.Mr. Ripley. If I could interject, Madam Chairman, one of the high-est priorities to me with regard to this parking study is that if we canget this parking garage area we can rehabilitate 12 acres for the zoo.That is, we can make a net increase of 12 acres to the visitor and exhibitpart of the zoo because it is now flattop with asphalt.After all, we don't have an endless size zoo. It is only 165 acres.Mr. Reed. Of this 165 acres, there are about 20 acres that are goingto be unusable because of the terrain.Mr. Ripley. There are about 145 acres that can really be used forthe zoo, so every 12 acres is a tremendous asset to us for the beautyand the landscaping, visitor use, and, of course, the animal exhibits.PAID PARKINGMr. McDade. The future parking at the underground garage, if youget that, is to be paid parking ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, and we are now hoping with the institution of paidparking to develop some revenue to help to start our kind of matchingfund, as it were, for this.Mr. McDade. What do you envision the future to be, an appropria-tion from this committee for a certain percentage of the costs of con-struction of the parking area and a match from revenues? Is that it?Mr. Ripley. We do not have an estimate, but we want to try andhelp ourselves as much as we can. We really do.Mr. McDade. Well, the reason I ask is of course as you know wehave a GAO report in here on the parking facility at the KennedyCenter which was done not that way but through a bond issue andit is apparently never going to pay for itself and Ave just want to be,on all squares about where you are going to go and how much of thepeople's money is going to be required to do what you want to do.Well, we will watch it. Thank you.Mrs. Hansen. Do you intend to issue revenue bonds?Mr. Ripley. We haven't made any decision on that about how toraise to this money for the parking.Mrs. Hansen. The first thing you have to have are your plans.Mr. Ripley. Yes ; that is correct.Mrs. Hansen. The revenue bond would depend on how many carsyou are able to handle.Mr. Ripley. We would study the possibility of writing that off. 1053REPAIRS TO ZOO FACILITIESMrs. Hansen. You are requesting $230,000 for repairs and renova-tions.Mr. Reed. That is right, such things as insulating the steam linesand extension of the steam tunnels, installation of heat exchangersin all buildings to convert from steam to hot water, roof replacements,repair of an old stone retaining wall, along the road going up to theadministrative office, which is about ready to go out, and other miscel-laneous repairs and improvements.Mrs. Hansen. As you perform your maintenance work, do you keepin mind what you expect to replace ?Mr. Reed. Oh, yes. This is what we are working at right along. Infact there are some buildings that will not be touched, repaired, becausewe know we are going to replace them.RESTORATION AND RENOVATION OF OTHER BUILDINGS AND FACILITIESMrs. Hansen. $1,220,000 is requested for Restoration and Renova-tion of Buildings. This involves the Mount Hopkins, Arizona, Observ-atory road and power improvements ; Silver Hill improvements ; gen-eral building and facility repairs; National Museum of History andTechnology library addition planning ; Conservation-Analytical Lab-oratory space preparation, Smithsonian Tropical Research Instituterepairs and improvements; and Smithsonian Facilities Master Plan.Please explain these projects for the committee.MOUNT HOPKINS OBSERVATORYMr. Brooks. I can speak to those projects, Madam Chairman.Starting with the Mount Hopkins Observatory, Ariz., road andpower improvements, we have made a beginning with the $220,000 thatwas appropriated to us by the Congress in the present year. In the caseof the power improvements, the $300,000 that we are requesting for1974 will complete the project of the major power renovation.That is essentially a hookup with commercial power in that area.We are now using on-site generators. The road is a continuing require-ment for which we are requesting $85,000 in addition to the $100,000appropriated by the Congress to us in 1973. That work is proceedingsatisfactorily.Mrs. Hansen. What is the length of this section of the road ?Mr. Brooks. The total road length, Madam Chairman, is between 15and 17 miles. We are not doing it in increments of road but rather interms of improving, moving forward and then improving sections ofthe road.I have a photograph if you would like to see it.Mrs. Hansen. What is going to be the total cost ?Mr. Brooks. We estimate the total cost of the road will be $800,000over a period of approximately 5 years.Mr. Ripley. It is a tremendously rugged mountain. 1054SILVER HILL PROJECTMrs. Hansen. Yes. That is the first project.What do you plan at Silver Hill?Mr. Brooks. At Silver Hill, Madam Chairman, the motivating fac-tor is that we have learned since last year's hearing that we must moveout of the building leased in Alexandria, building 3 on the Alexandriawaterfront, in 1975.We are seeking therefore $250,000 for approximately 20,000 to30,000 square feet of space at Silver Hill which will partially accom-modate the materials which Ave have to move out of building 3 inAlexandria.Mrs. Hansen. This is where you have been storing your NationalAir and Space Museum materials ?Mr. Brooks. Yes, we have several kinds of storage there.Mrs. Hansen. Will these materials go into the new Air and SpaceMuseum ?Mr. Ripley. Some of them, but not all.Mr. Brooks. The collection space in the new Air and Space Museumis very limited. We are planning that primarily as a public accessmuseum on the Mall, and Mr. Collins can speak to the collection space.Mr. Collins. That is exactly right, Madam Chairman. Of our studycollection, for example, only a small fraction of it will fit inside the newbuilding so there would have been some overflow into building 3 inAlexandria. We are looking for alternate space for some of our itemswhich will never make it into the Mall.Mrs. Hansen. In your new Air and Space Museum will you be ro-tating your exhibits ?Mr. Collins. Yes. We will have rotating exhibits, Madam Chairman.Mr. McDade. Is this going to satisfy your requirements for space forhousing artifacts for the Air and Space Museum ?Mr. Collins. We are never really satisfied, Mr. McDade. It is a stepin the right direction.Mr. Brooks. They have made very substantial progress, Mr. McDade,in the last year or two with the money appropriated by this committee.Mrs. Hansen. How much additional money are you going to have tohave bevond this request ?Mr. Brooks. At Silver Hill, Madam Chairman ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mrs. Brooks. We have no contemplated additional requirements ofthis kind. We do have, and this I speak to in connection with the masterplan for Smithsonian facilities, a potential requirement for spacewhich may be of a different kind and Silver Hill is one of the locationswe are contemplating for that possibility. This would not be limitedto the National Air and Space Museum's needs. It would be an institu-tionwide study of space requirements for collections and supportactivities.GENERAL BUILDING AND FACILITY REPAIRS AND IMPROVEMENTSMrs. Hansen. Your request of $315,000 for general building and fa-cility repairs and improvements is broken down as follows : The FineArts and Portrait Galleries Building, $50,000; the History and Tech- 1055 nology Building, $50,000 ; Smithsonian Institution Building, $20,000 ;Freer Gallery of Art, $15,000; Natural History Building, $125,000;Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, $25,000; and the Chesapeake BayCenter for Environmental Studies, $30,000.Do you want to review these projects for us briefly ?Mr. Brooks. Yes, Madam Chairman.In general these projects break down into several categories. One ofthese is necessary repairs.Mrs. Hansen. Such as ?Mr. Brooks. Such as the roof on the Fine Arts and Portrait Gal-leries Building, the roof at the Freer, sidewalk repair at the Smith-sonian Institution Building, very much needed repairs at the Ana-costia Neighborhood Museum which was, as you know, an old movietheater, and needs repairs for the comfort and safety of the publicattending it, and repairs to facilities at the Chesapeake Bay Centersuch as the pier and the headquarters building.Mrs. Hansen. You plan some replacement on the dock.Mr. Brooks. Yes ; the pier, Madam Chairman ; and the Poplar Islandbulwark work and cottage also. The repairs in total, Madam Chair-man, account for $112,000 out of the $315,000. We also have a requesthere for certain improvements, mechanical improvements, in the build-ing in the matter of fire control and air filtration. We consider firecontrol as a very high priority, both in the History and TechnologyBuilding and in the Natural History Building. This is a phased pro-gram initiated after the fire we had in one of the exhibit halls inHistory and Technology. We feel that the modern systems which arenow available will be both safe as far as the exhibits are concerned andwill also help to protect against this very real hazard.The air filtration system, which is the other part of the NaturalHistory Building request, is simply to prevent the present excessiveaccumulation of dust and dirt in the building by adding a second stagefilter system, removing 85 percent of the dust instead of the present25 percent.Mr. McDade. Will you yield ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. McDade. What kind of a fire system are you going to have in-stalled in the museum ? What is the nature of it ?Mr. Brooks. It will be basically a sprinkler system, Mr. McDade.Mr. McDade. Based on heat ?Mr. Brooks. It is based on two things, on heat and smoke detectiondevices. It is a fail-safe kind of system. We have been concerned aboutsprinkler systems because a sprinkler head can get broken accidentallyand ruin exhibits.The proposed system is not charged under this new concept untilthe smoke detection devices and the heat detection devices have sensedthe danger.The system then becomes charged and at a certain point it releasesthe water.Mr. McDade. Do you have any kind of cost of square foot for yourprotection ?Mr. Brooks. We do have those. We don't have them here.Mr. McDade. Put it in the record. 93-397 O - 73 - 67 1056Mr. Brooks. Yes.[The information follows :]Cost op Fire Control SystemsThe average cost per square foot of fire control systems currently being in-stalled in Smithsonian buildings is $0.50 per square foot. This figure can be usedfor the National History Building and the Museum of History and TechnologyBuilding fire control systems requested in the fiscal year 1974 budget.Mr. McDade. Thank you.Thank you, Julia.Mrs. Hansen. Please proceed, Mr. Brooks.Mr. Brooks. Finally, we have under this same general categoryfunds sought for improvements and additions to both public and staffspace. The public space at the Fine Arts and Portrait Gallery is, ofcourse, the interior courtyard, which is a handsome public space if itcan be fixed up, and the public parking at the Chesapeake Bay Center isalso included. Also we have funds budgeted for interior space for staffprimarily in the Natural History Building at $60,000 for improvingour ability to house our staff there properly.That completes the general repairs.MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY ADDITIONMrs. Hansen. What is going to be the total cost of your libraryspace addition at the National Museum of History and Technology?Mr. Brooks. Can I ask Mr. Blitzer to speak to that ?Mr. Blitzer. The estimate that we have from the General ServicesAdministration is $4 million. Based on that estimate, we asked youfor $250,000 in fiscal 1973 for the architectural planning. We weregiven $150,000, and our request this year is simply for the other $100,-000 to pay the original architect of the building.Mrs. Hansen. Will this complete the planning?Mr. Ripley. Yes, this is to complete the planning of which we al-ready have the first increment.Mr. Blitzer. If I might add, we have had preliminary approvalfrom the National Capital Planning Commission for this generalconcept.Mr. McDade. Refresh my recollection. How is the construction tobe accomplished ?Mr. Blitzer. It is to be on top of the History and TechnologyBuilding. The building now is five stories above ground. Around theedge of the roof there is a kind of false wall to hide a lot of machinery.The original architect has figured out that it will be possible to roofover part of that space and gain 30,000 or 40,000 very badly neededsquare feet without appreciably changing the appearance of the build-ing at all.Mr. McDade. Thank you.Thank you, Julia.conservation-analytical laboratory space improvementsMrs. Hansen. An amount of $50,000 is requested for space improve-ments for the Conservation-Analytical Laboratory. Please explain thisrequest, then cover the request for the Tropical Research Institute. 1057Mr. Brooks. That is one of our most important repair and rehabili-tation requests. It is, as you may recall, to match the request thatMr. Perrot spoke to on Thursday for additional staff.In order to have the additional staff we must have additional spaceand this is a generally modest step toward meeting our very real andvery major conservation requirements in the institution, an appropria-tion of $50,000.On the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, we have a con-tinuing requirement there for protection of the buildings against thetropical environment. An amount of $45,000 is sought for repairs andimprovements.Mrs. Hansen. Are these wooden buildings ?Mr. Brooks. Some of them are, yes, and they require constant pro-tection. Some of them, the more recently built ones, are concrete blockconstruction which do not require maintenance but we still have tomaintain some of the older buildings.FACILITIES MASTER PLANMrs. Hansen. Justify your request of $75,000 for your facilitiesmaster plan.I am almost scared to let you loose with another master plan.Mr. Brooks. I would say, Madam Chairman, that the intent of thismaster plan, for which we are requesting $75,000, is going to be con-centrated on the use of the facilities that we have. The Smithsoniannow occupies about 3,700,000 feet in the Washington area, a verylarge amount of square feet for the operating budget that we have.It is our need, as we see it, to get the best possible use of out of thesefacilities.Mrs. Hansen. This could mean a readjustment of your spaceusage ?Mr. Brooks. That is the intention, yes, ma'am. Such things as, canwe use more compacted storage systems for our collections and what isthe minimum requirement for construction? We have, for example,construction that costs $10 a square foot at Silver Hill. We have con-struction that costs $80 a square foot on the Mall. We want to be surethat we are having the appropriate kind of things in that construc-tion for the cost of it, and that we are not housing items or functionsin expensive areas that should be more properly devoted to public use.APPROPRIATION FOR THE NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUMMrs. Hansen. $27 million is being requested to liquidate contractauthority for the Air and Space Museum. How much of the $13 mil-lion appropriated in 1973 has been obligated ?Mr. Collins. About $12 million at the end of February, MadamChairman.Mrs. Hansen. What is the unobligated balance expected for the endof 1973?Mr. Collins. We do not expect any. The request for 1974 is to payour anticipated business. This estimate comes from a GSA computerrun. We estimate that we will need a minimum of $17 million in fiscal1974. 1058Mrs. Hansen. You don't need the full $27 million you are requesting ?Mr. Collins. No, we don't, Madam Chairman. We asked for the full$27 million at OMB's request as a more simplified bookkeeping system.Mrs. Hansen. So they can impound it ?Mr. Collins. No, no, Madam Chairman.Mrs. Hansen. Nonsense.Mr. Collins. In point of fact we do need $17 million to pay our bills.SQUARE FOOT CONSTRUCTION COSTSMr. Yates. While you are waiting, may I ask him what kind of con-struction will require a cost of $80 a square foot ?Mr. Brooks. That is our present estimate, Mr. Yates, for the Air andSpace Museum.Mr. Yates. Why so much ? My good friend on my left says they arebuilding a hospital which requires public money for a $35 a squarefoot. Why do you require $80 per square foot ?Mr. Brooks. It is the type of public access space and the kind ofconstruction that is required on the Mall, Mr. Yates. I would say thatthis is in line considering the escalation of construction costs, with theconstruction costs of the Museum of History and Technology, and withthose of the Hirshhorn Museum.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record at this point what the esca-lation of construction costs have been in the District of Columbia ?Mr. Brooks. Yes, ma'am.[The information follows :]Construction Costs EscalationAccording to the BEOCKH Index, published by the American Appraisal Co.and considered the official construction industry guide, construction costs in theWashington Metropolitan area have escalated an average of 6.5 percent a yearbetween the years 1965 and 1972. This yearly average of escalated costs hasincreased to 10.79 percent a year between 1969 and 1972.Accordingly, if we were to build the Museum of History and TechnologyBuilding today instead of completing it in 1965, it would cost $58 million insteadof under $36 million.Mrs. Hansen. This committee is beginning to have a very dismalview of construction in the District of Columbia because the costs havegone up so rapidly. I may say there is a wide differential in costsbetween Utah and the District of Columbia.Mr. McKay. I would say there is. We could build two or three ofthose in Utah compared to here.Mrs. Hansen. What would be the effect on the construction programif only half of the $27 million were appropriated this year?Mr. Collins. We would be in deep trouble, Madam Chairman.Mrs. Hansen. Why would you be in deep trouble ?Mr. Collins. We need $17 million just to pay our bills in fiscal1974. We would just grind to a halt toward the latter part of 1974should less than that amount be provided.Mr. Yates. It occurs to me that you just didn't answer my questionas to why you need $80 a square foot.Mrs. Hansen. He didn't.Mr. Yates. You just said this is what it costs here. Is that theonly answer ? Or is it a special kind of construction ? Mr. Ripley. I think there are a variety of reasons quite aside fromany reasons that one can deduce or guess about as far as building in theDistrict of Columbia.One of the particular reasons is that this building has to go throughmany, many approvals in the process of being approved and thatmeans the Commission of Fine Arts, for example, who may reject theplan, because it is not esthetically sufficiently good, or the NationalCapital Planning Commission who may reject the plan because itdoesn't have some aspect of construction which they approve of underthe codes of the District.Mr. McDade. Don't all buildings face that in Washington ?Mr. Ripley. Yes, they do, but, of course, our public buildings areagain slightly different because they are in the area where they areconsidered to be the cynosure of all eyes so the Fine Arts Commissionmakes, I think, perhaps a particular effort to be sure that estheticallythey are as pleasing as possible.Mr. Yates. I am just listening. I know I am expressing a little shockand bewilderment but it is a staggering price.Mr. Ripley. It is true.It is true, second, that there are many areas in Washington fromConnecticut Avenue down on to the Mall where you are building ontop of a former riverine system, a system of creeks and brooks andrivers. In this area you have to make especially sure that your con-struction is weighted underground sufficiently to act as kind of padon which to support the building to keep it, metaphorically speaking,from floating away because of this tremendous subsurface water.Mrs. Hansen". Is the Metro running into those situations in thisarea ?Mr. Ripley. I am not acquainted with that but I wouldn't besurprised.And third, because we are a public building situated where we are,we have been requested, in fact required, to include parking as a com-ponent and this dates back to the 1950's when the first plans wereprepared for this building. If we are going to put in parking this isalways quite expensive. cost op parkingMrs. Hansen. What part of the $80 would you assign to parking '(Mr. Ripley. I don't know that we would have any breakout of that.Mrs. Hansen. The GSA should have some figures that you mightinsert in the record.Mr. Collins. I would be delighted to.[The information follows:]Costs of GarageAs concerns the parking garage, we have been informed by the architect thata rough estimate of cost would be approximately $30 per sq ft. This figure isbased on the construction of 270,000 sq ft of garage space at a total cost of$8 million. OTHER COMPONENTS OF COSTSMrs. Hansen. Public safety is one of the great problems in pub-lic buildings. Mr. Collins. Another factor is the great high ceilings, MadamChairman. We could divide our per foot cost in half by doublingthe number of floors that we have in our building but it is simplynot practical with something as large as the machines we intend toput inside the Air and Space Museum.Mr. Ripley. These exhibit factors and the public visitation alsoadd to it. It is not purely for ceremonial purposes.Mr. Yates. Have the contracts been let yet ?Mr. Ripley. Yes.Mr. Yates. Who is the contractor ?Mrs. Hansen. He testified at length on this subject earlier.Mr. Ripley. The Gilbane Company is the construction manager.Mr. Collins. There are 23 separate contraction packages.Mr. Yates. Will there be overruns ?Mr. Collins. No, there will not.Mrs. Hansen. You are on schedule?Mr. Ripley. We are coming in under the budget quite satisfactorilyso far.Mr. McDade. It isn't really proper, is it, to compare the cost ofthis building because of the way it is designed and constructed andits purpose with a normal type of building ?Mr. Ripley. No, it is not. You could build an office building for adifferent figure per sq ft.Mrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record the factors that result inyour costs being in this range.Mr. Collins. Yes, Madam Chairman.[The information follows :] 'National Air and Space Museum Cost FactorsThe building will contain approximately 632,700 square feet of space whichwould put the square foot cost at an overall average of approximately $64.This average, however, masks the differences in costs for constructing garagecapacity within the building and costs for the balance of the structure. Garagecosts are approximately $30 per square foot for 270,000 square feet, includingpro rata share of common costs such as foundation, mechanical services, and soforth. The balance of the museum structure costs approximately $88 per squarefoot.There are many reasons for this cost, probably the most significant being thenature of the building itself. It is 90 feet high with only three levels above groundand the three levels are not found throughout the building. In the three largeglassed-in bay areas the museum will have only one level. As indicated earlier,these high ceilings are necessary for the exhibition of large air and space arti-facts. Other important factors which affect costs can be found in the locationof the project. Costs attendant upon construction on one of the public's mostprecious preserves exceed that for comparable structures in outlying locations.Disruption of the mall must be kept to an absolute minimum. Staging areas aresmaller ; and, consequently, transportation costs, somewhat greater. Importantly,also, the architectural qualities of the building must satisfy reviews by authorizedbodies to guarantee that it will be consonant with the quality of the surroundingenvirons and public structures. Compromises in materials to reduce costs are notpossible on such a site. Engineering and equipment costs are additional factors.The building must be capable of receiving millions of visitors each year. It mustbe able to provide for the feeding of visitors and for moving large numbers ofpeople by elevator and escalator. It must contain equipment for the protection ofthe collections, as well as protection of the public. All of these extra, but neces-sary, items add to the cost.It is difficult to compare costs of building construction accurately. If a com-parison must be made, it must be made between buildings of similar use eventhough on less demanding sites. In an effort to make a comparison we have checked the cost of several museum construction projects in other parts of thecountry and find that costs range from $94 per square foot for the Lehman Wingaddition to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City to $50 per squarefoot for the Los Angeles County Museum.MUSEUMS IN OTHER REGIONSMr. McKay. Will you yield ?Mrs. Hansen. Yes.Mr. McKay. Is there any particular reason why we have to have allthe exhibits in Washington ? Is there any reason why they couldn't bebuilt in some other regions ?Mr. Ripley. This goes back perhaps to the statute incorporating theSmithsonian which said that there shall be an institution in Washing-ton, D.C., for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. Over the yearsthe Congress has supported the concept of public visitation and publicexhibits, so this in effect incorporates that original legislation.Mr. McKay. You get an impaction of people ; you are not going tobe able to get the people in to see them. They all want to come andthey seem to come at the same time. You have them all so compacted inthis one area.Mr. Ripley. In Washington, D.C.Mr. McKay. But as this expands you get an Air and Space Museumand the next thing you will get trams and trains.Mr. Ripley. We have already, I think, a very healthy visitation inour temporary air and space building and in the Arts and IndustriesBuilding where the present air and space exhibits are.Mrs. Hansen. Do you contemplate in the future looking at someother area of the United States for certain specific exhibitions ?Mr. Ripley. The Regents have not encouraged us in this. They havefelt that we should confine our exhibits to one principal location.Mrs. Hansen. Is it the feeling that you would be in competitionwith State museums ?Mr. Ripley. I don't think so much that as they just don't want theSmithsonian to get too big or to accept too many responsibilities tohave to fund. We are constantly being asked to take on museums orother public exhibits and in general their attitude has been quiterestrictive.They felt that we should not take on too many additional responsi-bilities.Mr. McDade. How does that square with the building in New YorkCitv, for example, the Cooper-Hewitt?Mr. Ripley. The Regents specifically voted in that case to take on theCooper-Hewitt.Mrs. Hansen. In other words, this has to be by vote of the trustees ?Mr. Ripley. That is correct.Mr. McDade. Were they all donations ?Mr. Ripley. Yes. We didn't acquire them by purchase.Mr. McDade. So if you are offered something of interest to themuseum, of course the Regents would look at it, too.Mr. Ripley. We have turned down things in the past.In the case of the State of Washington, for example, the PacificScience Center asked if we would take over the tenantship of thebuilding. The Regents were inclined to say that they did not wantto even though it involved no cost to us. 10632COMPARATIVE COSTS FOR OTHER MUSEUMSMrs. Hansen. Please insert in the record at this point comparisonsof building costs of similar types of buildings in Los Angeles, Cleve-land, New York, Chicago, New Orleans, et cetera ?Mr. Ripley. Many museums in other cities are conducting buildingprograms right now. We will provide a listing.[The information follows :]Costs of Museum Construction Across the NationThe following are a few square-foot construction figures supplied by the di-rector, or administrator, of a selected list of recent museums :Los Angeles County Museum of Art, California : To include carpets andinterior finish. Completion date indefinite $50. 00Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Tex. : Completed 1972?Excluding allfurnishings, carpets, etc 50.00Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Mich. : Wing completed 1971?Ready for occupancy 50. 00Wing completed 1966 38.00Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, Ind. : Completed 1970. Readyfor occupancy 67. 10Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, 111. : Alteration and new constructioncompleted 1972?Ready for occupancy 50. 00Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn. : New wing to old building ; 1968-69 46. 00State Museum, Albany, N.Y. : Cost of whole building, including library ? no way to separate museum part. To open 1974-75 75. 00New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, La. ; Average cost of threewings completed late 1971 40.00Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, 111. : Estimated opening 1975 62. 00Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City : Lehman Wing 94. 00Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio: Estimated $58. Finished foroccupancy. Opened 1970-71 68. 00National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. : East building, now estimatedto cost $44 million with total area 591,000 sq. ft., including undergroundconnecting link. Completion 1976 74. 40MT. HOPKINS OBSERVATORYMrs. Hansen. Does any member have a question at this point ?Mr. Veysey. Referring back to the Mt. Hopkins, Ariz.. Observatory,you refer to rapidly increasing observational potential there. Whatchange is that ?Mr. Ripley. That is use of the instrumentation. Is that what youmean, Mr. Veysey ?Mr. Veysey. From your page D-5 you you are going to put in apower system and a road to match the rapidly increasing observa-tional potential of the installation.Mr. Ripley. By observation we mean the use of the instruments nowthere or being fabricated. We are constructing a multiminor telescopewhich will be completed and will require power and road access. Isn'tthat right, Dr. Challinor.Mr. Challinor. Yes. Using these photographs, pictures I might ex-plain it a little more clearly.As you come from the road the highest peak there is where we areputting the new instrument. Here is a view from the top of the hilldown. 1063[Another picture.] Just above this peak where these buildings arenow they are on a ridge. Back where this picture was taken from thevery tip of the mountain, about 900 feet higher. That is where themultiple mirror telescope will be located.Mr. Veysey. That multiple mirror telescope is what you refer to asthe increased potential.Mr. Challinor. Yes, sir.Mr. Veysey. What will that be ?Mr. Challinor. This will be the third largest telescope in the world.It is the equivalent of a 176-inch optical telescope. We have taken six72-inch mirrors and alined these to obtain the light gathering poten-tial or a single large mirror.It is an entirely new technique that will allow us to build a telescopeof this size for about $4 million as opposed to conventional cost with asingle lens of about $10 billion.Mr. Veysey. That is in another appropriation someplace else?Mr. Challinor. This is imder the Smithsonian Astrophysical Ob-servatory budget request for construction funds, that we testified aboutearlier. The telescope itself is being fabricated with funds now in theObservatory's base.Mr. Veysey. Thank you.Thank you, Madam Chairman.Mrs. Hansen. Thank you.justification materialPlease insert justification pages E-l through E-29 in the record atthis point.[The pages follow : | 1064SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION"Salaries and ExpensesReport of Obligations by Objects(In thousands of dollars) 11 Personnel Compensation. . . . 12 Personnel Benefits21 Travel & Transportationof Persons22 Transportation of Things..23 Rent, Communications,and Utilities24 Printing and Reproduction.25 Other Services26 Supplies and Materials....31 Equipment32 Lands and Structures41 Grants42 Insurance, Claims andIndemnitiesTotal ObligationsLapsing 1972 1973 1974 IncreaseActual Estimate Estimate '74 over '73 28,969 31,994 34,639 2,6452,419 2,741 2,966 225 463 557 622 65241 233 287 54 2,754 3,532 3,621 89761 736 856 1204,330 5,939 6,614 6751,741 1,979 2,537 5582,370 2,736 2,984 2481 1 2 1432 1,185 1,310 125 244,483 51,633 56,438 4,80518Total Appropriation 44,501 51,633 56,438 4,805 C*| cnrocyscicnocMcnocnrHinocNOrHu-imi-icsinaiomr-^coooo-icMni?lococoin cO oo?a vo CO 4-1 iHCD 13CO 3 rH4-> T3 "H ?H ?HC 4-1 w3 C1(1 4-1 -Hx: ?H ?nu 4J rH?H co ?Hs c 3w i? i CO OOOOOOOOOOOi-l oo n iT) oo r^CO Is- CN ro n n n n n n * * * #. ?.V-'^-'V-^N-.-s^wv^O v?) \?) CMCNrOrHin00\?>rNHOcMNmc^JNr^iHiHOOu-iiHiriinOCOini-^rH-cfCTiOO vON^inNc^onOOvJ>OOvrO^Hr^vOco^rin^cf^crcoinc^r-^-d-cocoMrioovcocMcNnnoa\CT\vO00r^rHrH CM rH rH i?I rH rH rH rH rH rHncnr~vocNvot^r^CT\rHmoi? mo\orvOiocn>ja^in^l^-cN-j-iCNNNNnNPlflNfinn rHOCMrocnincncMi?iihcMHr-- in CO * r^ rH r-~ CN sr m en r--m O rH CN rH r- CO v?> rH rH r-- oCM rH OO ?St ro r-^ m ^rH r^ co in CM m r-^NHcoionHHMn ?ihinHNOMJOnHN CM vO?*cNOiHinoor--in i-h ct\cNCNcOrH^or^cM^crr-^ co HocNvonocoocoM ? co cMco^inior^cocriOHM IBCO OH Oi iH OJ CO enu c t J,rtvO U>H 4-1 0\CO 3 rH CO3 4-1 HC -H >. OCO 4-1 CO 4-4 ?-J CO g lH(3 CO?O M "O -He c0) ida, -ho co>> en00 J3o 4JC 00 CD CD C0 4-1J3 (3 X) C co u-iU C -H O > OCD iH Fn 4J iH OH co C 4-1 C ^4J <4H CO -H CD COT3 (-4 O O T3 M rHC u -h e o.CO O C "4-1 O U CO M fa II (J CD <4-< X O CO CJ O rH3 B IHO -H XI CO rH 4-1 CO CJ <4H O C rH 01 CD 4J O43 C -H4-1 CO CD 4-1O u COoi a 4-iCD M a CD CO CT>i-H OCO CTv O vO4-1 a\ CO u en to 3CI CJ -H rH C co co4-10 4-1-0O O CO?H O CDO J3CJ -H CO T3CD CO CJ CD ?H rH CD t-H O33 4-1 O x; i-lCO O 4-1 T3 CJ<4H 3 CDO 00 rH CO rH 003 CO 4-1 4-1 a?>cr> CO 4-1 ni4-1 o ^o 4-1 ?H T)O rH -4 MH X -H CM t4 O (11 c OJC/J CI4 pd <: * H CO ca 1066SIGNIFICANT EXHIBITS, FISCAL YEAR 1972 The following are some of the permanent or temporary exhibits that werepresented by the Smithsonian Institution during FY 1972. Natural History BuildingOur Restless Planet?Physical Geology Insect Zoo History and Technology BuildingGraphic Arts Monetary History Smithsonian Institution Building125th Anniversary Exhibit Arts & Industries BuildingDrugs BalloningWorld War I Fighter Aircraft Renwick Gallery of ArtWoodenworks Toleware (Index of AmericanPueblo Pottery: Zuni and Acoma Design)James Renwick in Washington Jack Lenor Larsen RetrospectiveGlass of Frederick Carder The Swedish TouchDesign Is. . . Fine Arts and Portrait Gallery BuildingPortraits of the American Stage; John Steuart Curry:1771-1971 Theme and VariationsIf Elected... Discover GraphicsThe Art of John Held, Jr.: Prints by Karl Schrag"The Roaring Twenties" Four ContinentsWashington from Bannekin to Jennie Cell PaintingsDouglass 1791-1870 Edith Gregor Halpert MemorialWashington in the New Era - 1870-1970 FoundationTwo American Painters: Fritz Scholder J. Alden Weir, An Americanand T. C. Cannon Printmaker Anacostia Neighborhood MuseumScience: Man's Greatest Adventure Evolution of a Community:Accent 71 Part I 1067Financial ReportFY 1972 It is a rare experience for educational and research institutions to haveadequate funds to take care of all their pressing needs and promisingopportunities for improvements and imaginative new projects. In thisrespect, the Smithsonian Institution is no different from its counterparts.Nevertheless, fiscal year 1972 was one from which the Institution mayderive a degree of satisfaction from improvements on a number ofbudgetary fronts?many of these resulting from programs initiated inprevious years.Increased FY 1972 federal appropriations, which account for overthree-quarters of our total financial support, moved toward easingaccumulated research support shortages and also made possible additionalservices to our visitors and the start of certain important new researchprojects. Private unrestricted fund accounts, vital to the unique characterof this Institution, showed a favorable balance between income andexpenditures for the first time in five years. This welcome result followedintroduction of improved accounting and budgeting methods, tightercontrol of expenditures, a gradual extension of fund-raising efforts, andmodest improvement in a number of revenue-producing areas. In addition,increased donations for specific purposes and larger grant and contractawards also benefited the many projects covered by these restricted-purpose funds. New policies adopted this year with respect to the handlingof investment funds of the Institution are expected to bring importantbenefits in future years. Overall Sources and Application ofFinancial Support Total support of the Institution from all sources for operating purposesapproximated $62,700,000 in fiscal year 1972, compared with$52,800,000 in the previous year. In addition, $6,347,000 was receivedfor construction projects, somewhat less than the $7,125,000 in FY 1971.Sources of support for the last four fiscal years 1969-1972 are shownbelow (in thousands): 1068FY 1969 FY 1970 FY 1971 FY 1972OPERATING FUNDSFederal appropriationSalaries and expenses $29,150 $32,679 $36,895 $46,301Special Foreign Currency Program. . . 2,316 2,316 2,500 3,500 rSubtotal $31,466 $34,995 $39,395 $49,801Research grants and contracts 11,624 10,825 9,312 8,088Nonfederal funds:Gifts (excluding gifts to endowments)Restricted purpose 1,806 2,290 1,905 2,618Unrestricted purpose 181 17 356 171Income from endowment and currentfunds investmentRestricted purpose 924 999 1,115 1,178Unrestricted purpose 441 281 330 334Miscellaneous 476 503 406 548Total Operating Support $46,918 $49,910 $52,819 $62,738CONSTRUCTION FUNDS (Federal)National Zoological Park $300 $600 $200 $200National Air and Space Museum -0- -0- -0- 1,900Joseph H. Hirshhorn Museum 2,000 3,500 5,200 3,697Restoration and renovation of buildings . 400 525 1,725 550Total $2,700 $4,625 $7,125 $6,347 It may be noted that in FY 1972 approximately 79 percent of theInstitution's operating funds were supplied by federal appropriations, withan additional 13 percent coming in the form of research grants andcontracts and only 8 percent being represented by private donations,investment income, and other miscellaneous nonfederal sources.The application of these funds (with the exception of Special ForeignCurrency Program funds and construction funds) in FY 1972 is indicatedin Table 1, similar to the one provided for the first time in last year'sannual report. Further detail on all of these funds follows. 1069TABLE 1 -Source of applications offunds (in thousands) year ended30 June 1972 Funds Federalfunds Nonfederal funds Total Unrestricted GrantsandRevenue con-General producing Restricted tractsFUND BALANCES-1 July 1972 $ -0-FUNDS PROVIDEDFederal Appropriations $46,301Investment Income . .Grants and Contracts .GiftsSales and Revenue . . .Less: Cost of Sales .Other Total Provided. 46,301Total Available 46,301FUNDS APPLIEDScience:Environmental Science 1,110Nat'l Museum ofNat. Hist 5,679National ZoologicalPark 3,827Fort Pierce Bureau ...Science InformationExchange 1,600Smithsonian Astro.Observatory 2,65 3Other Science 3,496Total 18,365History and Art:Nat'l Portrait Gallery . 924Nat'l Collec. of FineArts 1,221Freer Gallery 78Nat'l Museum of Hist.and Tech 2,457Other History and Art 1,605Total 6,285Public Service:Revenue ProducingActivitiesSmithsonian PressPerforming Arts .OtherAnacostia Museum .Other Total 2,093 $ 3,773 $1,720 $ -0- $1,762 $ 291 $ 1,512 $ 334 $ $1,178 $7,847 - - $7,8472,789 26 145 2,618 -7,157 831 6,196 130 -(4,838) (813) (3,999) (26) -565 219597 1042,446 2424,142 -15,032 7,84718,805 2,317 2,446 5,904 8,138 975 62 204 7091,205 20 - 250 93546 1 . 6 39788 ? " 788 " 4,880 1 124 4,7551,243 25109 - 2521,624 9669,137 - 7,40442 4 - 38 -45 15 . 28 2861 - - 861 -140 44 . 73 23740 3 - 633 1041,828 66 1,633 129 816 135 - 135 - -265 593 - 179 28 386 - 2,273 - 2,273 - -206 141 29 - 97 15806 387 90 - 297 -3,529 119 2,587 422 401 1070TABLE 1 -Source ofapplications offunds (in thousands) year ended30 June 1 9 72- ContinuedNon-federal funds Total 51769 Unrestricted GrantsFederalfunds RevenueGeneral producing Restricted andcon-tracts 8643,1051,912 50 - 1769 ? FundsMuseum ProgramsLibrariesExhibitsOther Programs . . .Total 5,881 136 59 77Buildings Managemen tDept. $10,442Administration: 3,235 $2,643 $2,643 $ - $ - $Overhead Recovered . . (2,639) (2,639)Transfers for Desig-nated Purposes (717) 179 (141) (909) 154TOTAL FUNDS AP-PLIED $46,301 $13,917 $ 536 $2,446 $2,847 $8,088FUND BALANCES- ===== ===== == ===== =====30Ju.iel972 $ -0- $ 4,888 $1,781 $ -0- $3,057 $ 50 Federal Appropriated FundsOperations (Salaries and Expenses).- As shown above in the tabulationof sources of support, Congress increased the Smithsonian's appropriationfor regular operations by over $9,400,000 in FY 1972. Of this amount,however, $1,600,000 represented an appropriation for the SmithsonianScience Information Exchange (Table 1) which had been funded since1964 by grants from the National Science Foundation. Nearly $2,000,000of the increase in appropriations, furthermore, was necessary merely tomeet legislated increases in federal salaries. Continued inflationary costincreases for supplies and other services absorbed additional monies.Nevertheless, the remaining increase of more than $5,000,000 includedprovision for an important start on correcting the serious imbalancebetween professional research and curatorial efforts, on the one hand, andthe level of technical support for these efforts, on the other. Suchtechnical support had been eroded in previous years as the limited fundsavailable had to be increasingly devoted to salaries of the professional 1071 staff, leaving progressively lesser amounts for technicians, assistants,equipment, and supplies. Accessions of new or expanded collectionsmeanwhile accentuated such needs. Increases in appropriations provided inFY 1972 were the first step toward elimination over a three-year period ofthese shortages in the National Museum of Natural History.Similarly, a $500,000 increase for the National Zoological Park madepossible improved veterinary treatment and research. An allowance of$600,000 was received to implement the program of the National MuseumAct, authorized in 1970; of this amount, $200,000 was transferred bylegislative requirement to the National Endowments for the Arts andHumanities. Other major benefits from increased Congressional supportwere directed toward the visiting public: funding of a major new exhibit, "The World of Living Things," provision for longer visitor hours for ourMall museums, the opening of the Renwick Gallery, and stepped-uppreparations for the opening of the Hirshhorn Museum. Finally, $500,000was provided for Smithsonian's share of a group effort to establish a new,large, low-cost, multi-mirror telescope which should represent a break-through in instrumentation of this type and lead to important newdiscoveries in astrophysics.The division of the Institution's federal appropriations for operatingpurposes (excluding special Foreign Currency Program) in recent years,among its broad areas of services, has been as follows (in thousands): ScienceHistory and ArtPublic ServiceMuseum ProgramsAdministrationBuilding Maintenance .... TotalIncludes $1,600,000 for the Science Information Exchange which had beenfunded since 1964 by grants from the National Science Foundation. FY 1969 FY 1970 FY 1971 FY 1972$10,467 $11,761 $13,495 $18,365*4,287 5,081 5,878 6,2851,159 1,445 1,442 2,0933,260 3,592 3,744 5,8812,526 2,733 3,051 3,2357,451 8,067 9,285 10,442$29,150 $32,679 $36,895 $46,301 After allowance for the change in form of funding of the ScienceInformation Exchange in FY 1972, the percentage share of each of theservice areas has remained fairly constant in this four-year period, exceptthat the combined share of Administration and Building Maintenance hasfallen from 34 to 31 percent, with slight percentage increases in Scienceand Public Service. 93-397 O - 73 - 68 1072 Special Foreign Currency Program. -Since 1966 the Smithsonian hasbeen administering a program of grants benefiting more than 200 museumsand universities in the United States in order that they may carry onresearch in certain foreign countries where blocked currency credits,usable only in those countries, are available to the United States in returnfor services previously provided. Annual appropriations to the Smithsonianfrom available blocked currency to fund such grants increased in FY 1972from $2,500,000 to $3,500,000. Use of such grant monies in FY 1972 wasas follows (in thousands): Systematicand environ- Astrophysics Grantmental and earth Museum adminis-Archeology biology sciences programs tration TotalIndia $ 374.8 $ 144.9 $ 22.8 $ 8.4 $ 4.6 $ 555.5Israel 373.7 21.9 108.2 1.0 1.8 506.6Morocco . . 6.2 63.0 - 1.3 - 70.5Pakistan. . . 5.0 8.5 - - - 13.5Poland 51.4 8.0 3.2 4.6 - 67.2Tunisia . . . 135.1 355.7 9.1 .6 2.1 502.6UAR-Egypt 511.2 31.0 111.9 3.7 1.6 659.4Yugoslavia . 227.8 774.4 - 4.9 1.8 1008.9Burma .... .1 .1 - - - .2 Total . . $1685.3 $1407.5 $255.2 $24.5 $11.9 $3384.4*Unobligated balance of FY 1972 appropriation carried forward for use inFY 1973. Construction. - From the tabulation of sources of support, it can beseen that Congress appropriated to the Smithsonian Institution in FY1972, a total of $6,347,000 for construction purposes. Of this,$3,697,000 represented the final balance of the $15 million authorized byCongress for the Hirshhorn Museum construction, which is to becompleted in FY 1973. In addition, $1,900,000 was granted to cover theplanning and redesign of the new National Air and Space Museum on theMall, construction of which was authorized in 1966. Another $750,000was appropriated for completion of the Renwick Gallery renovation plusvarious relatively minor improvements elsewhere. Research Grants and ContractsAn important part of the Institution's research work is funded bygrants and contracts received from federal agencies. Following is a 1073 tabulation (in thousands) of such grants and contracts in recent years, thedata being expressed in terms of expenditures as being the mostmeaningful indicator of research activity funded by this means since therds themselves are spread over varying and extended periods of time.nawa FY 1969 FY 1970 FY 1971 FY 1972Department of Health,Education, and Welfare . $ 272 $ 326 $ 297 $ 132Department of Defense .... 1,667 1,086 843 916National Aeronautics andSpace Administration. . . 7,265 6,561 4,930 4,605National Science Foundation 2,099 2,246 2,028 560Other 321 606 1,214$9,312 1,875Total $11,624 $10,825 $8,088 The decline in the total for FY 1972 compared with FY 1971 wascaused entirely by the elimination in this past year of the National ScienceFoundation grant for the Science Information Exchange. In FY 72Smithsonian took over the responsibility for the funding, as well as themanagement of, the Exchange with its $1,600,000 becoming a newseparate Smithsonian federal appropriation rather than being received inthe form of a contract. With this exception, there has been an increase infederal grants and contracts received during the past year.It may be noted from Table 1, that the major recipient of grants andcontracts is the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, with a total of$4,755,000 for FY 1972. Grants to the Observatory covered, among otherthings, work done on tracking of satellites, monitoring of stellarobservations from the celescope satellite and experiments concerningcontinental drift. A large share of the remaining research grants andcontracts went to the scientists of our National Museum of NaturalHistory and the Office of Environmental Sciences covering a variety ofstudies from sources of endemic Asian diseases to analysis of the contentsof areas of the oceans. Grants and contracts also extended beneficially thework of our Oceanographic Sorting Center, Tropical Research Center, andDivision of Performing Arts. A major contract, received near the close ofthe fiscal year, will fund worldwide population studies by our Interdis-ciplinary Communications Program. Private Trust FundsAs mentioned earlier, the largest part of the funding of the Institutioncomes from federal appropriations, augmented further by substantial 1074 amounts of grants and contracts from federal agencies. Equally importantin many ways, however, is the "private side" of the Institution, since, theSmithsonian derives its unique character in large part from this combina- .tion of Governmental and private support, permitting operating flexibility,nonpolitical objectivity, and greater attraction to its many private donors.The resources for the Smithsonian private side are in the form ofincome from endowment funds, donations from foundations, corporationsor individuals, and to a lesser extent, receipts from concessions andmiscellaneous sources. In appraising these resources an important distinc-tion must be made between income received for unrestricted as comparedwith restricted purposes. The largest share of both the investment and giftincome is for specific (restricted) purposes, with only a regretably smallunrestricted portion which can be directed to support Institutionallydetermined priority needs or promising program opportunities.In fiscal year 1972 the private fund income, excluding gifts toendowment funds, for both restricted and unrestricted purposes totaled$4,849,000 as follows (in thousands): Unrestricted Restricted InvestmentsGiftsConcessions and MiscellaneousTotal Not included in the above figures are the results of our revenue-producing activities, such as, the Smithsonian Magazine and museumshops, since on balance these activities do not yet produce net incomealthough they are expected to do so in the future.Unrestricted Private Funds.-The most significant fact about thisimportant segment of the Smithsonian's financial affairs is that in FY1972 a favorable balance was reestablished between income and expendi-tures. The gain of $61,000 was, of course, small, but it was achieved at atime when many educational institutions and museums are reportingserious financial losses. It was also achieved despite the continued rise incosts and pressing needs for greater services? factors that contributedheavily to the Smithsonian's own losses of private unrestricted funds in the 'previous four years.As may be seen from these figures, the improvement in FY 1972resulted principally from (1) control of administrative expenses and theirrecovery through proper charges to grants and contracts, revenue-producing activities, and other privately funded programs of the Institu-tion, and (2) the nearly $400,000 reduction in the loss of our revenue- purposes$334171306 purposes$1,1782,618242 Total$1,5122,789548$811 $4,038 $4,849 FY 1970 FY 1971 FY 1972 $ 323 $ 334 $ 33418 304 26540 215 197 1075FY 1969INCOME:Investment $ 379*Gifts 181Concession & Misc 244 Total Income 804 881 853 557EXPENDITURE:Admin. Expense 2,983Less Admin. Recovery .... 2,390Net Admin. Expense . . . 593Revenue Producing ActivitiesMagazine (70)Shops (25)Press (127)Associates 57Performing Arts (60)Other Activities (231)Total Activities .... (456) Total Expenditures . 1,049Net Gain (Loss) (245)Ending Balance .... $2,851 *In thousands. producing activities. Together these two factors more than offset theabsence in FY 1972 of a special one-time $300,000 gift for unrestrictedpurposes, which was so beneficial in FY 1971 . The gain of $61 ,000 in FY 1972 reversed the down-trend in the balanceof our unrestricted funds and increased it slightly to $1,781,000 at30 June 1972. This figure, however, is still well below a comfortable levelfor current working funds of the Institution. Intensive steps must becontinued to rebuild this working capital by more than $1 million to atleast the $2,851,000 figure existing at the end of 1969. More than $1million of such working capital is required to support grant and contractwork performed before payment is received, another $700,000 forinvestment in inventories, and at least $1 million more must be maintainedfor payrolls, accounts receivable, and cash fluctuations of a seasonalnature.There is, however, reason to believe that improvement in this directionlies ahead. Our Development Office, together with the National Associates 3,256 2,723 2,9942,435 2,254 2,639821 469 355 (472) (209) 2(28) (80) 19(200) (159) (111)(41) 10 74(167) (78) (50)(133) (18) (75)(1,041) (534) (141)1,862 1,003 496(981) (150) 61$1,870 $1,720 $1,781 1076 Organization, is now working on a program which will hopefully producean annual flow of donations and bequests from an increasingly largenumber of interested parties. Approximately $171,000 of gifts forunrestricted purposes were received in FY 1972 in addition to much largergrants, principally from foundations, for specifically designated purposes(see "Restricted Private Funds" below).At the same time our revenue-producing enterprises show promise ofproducing significant income in the next several years to bolster ourprivate resources. Additional data on the finances of these revenue-producing activities in FY 1972 are as follows (in thousands): Per-Museum Maga- Asso- formingTotal shops Press* zine ciates arts Other** Sales and Revenues .Less Cost of Sales . . $6,196 $1,3743,999 812 $127103 $3,3072,483 $872489 $1302 $386110Gross Income. 2,197 562 24 824 383 128 276Gifts 145104 - . 104928 145528 - .-Total Income. 2,446 562 24 128 276Expenses 2,207 239 424 138 115 776 412 116 162 (34) 318Income Qoss) beforecharge for adminis-trative costs . . . (91) 152 (42)Less AdministrativeCosts 380 119 20 150 42 16 33Net Income (loss) $ (141)$ 19 $(111)$ 2 $ 74 $(50) $(75) *The privately funded activities of the Press as opposed to the federallysupported publication of research papers.**Includes Traveling Exhibitions, Belmont Conference Center, Photo Sales, andthe "Commons" Restaurant. In FY 1972 the Smithsonian Magazine again made excellent progress.Circulation increased from 275,000 at 30 June 1971 to 330,000 NationalAssociate Members by 30 June 1972. Despite the unusual expenses relatedto the circulation-building efforts, financial results were greatly improved,registering $2,500 net income for the year compared with a loss of$209,000 in the previous year.The Museum Shops showed a sharp 35 percent increase in volume thisyear. Financial results moved from previous losses to a gain of $19,000and should show increasing gains in the future. Shop areas were expanded 1077 and a new shop will open at the Renwick Gallery in mid-1972. Two salesexhibitions and increasing emphasis on offering educational items reflect-ing the various museum exhibits contributed to the progress of theseauxiliary operations.The closely related program of product development is now underway.If successful it should become an important element in improving thebalance between private and federal resources of the Institution. Equallyimportant, this program is directed toward spreading nationally theSmithsonian's educational efforts through the distribution by independentmanufacturers of authenticated items related to our collections. Great carewill be taken with this program to maintain strict standards of quality,authenticity, and good taste.As may be noted from the preceding tabulation, two other activities,the Smithsonian Press and the Division of Performing Arts, have requiredsubsidies from our private funds in recent years. These programs provideboth educational and entertainment value, but strenuous efforts are beingdirected toward elimination of their financial losses while preserving theircultural values.Restricted Private Funds.- Additions to "restricted" funds dedicated tospecific purposes (exclusive of gifts to endowment funds) totaled$5,151,000 in FY 1972, but this included a special transfer of $612,000from the principal of Endowment Fund No. 3, in part to allow completionof the renovation of the research vessel Johnson at Fort Pierce, and in partas an advance against FY 1973 operating funds for this bureau. Includingthis special transfer, $2,082,000 came from endowment funds, $2,618,000from donations, and $451,000 from miscellaneous sources. The majorbureaus and programs supported by these funds, together with their totalrelated income and expenditures in FY 1972 were as follows (inthousands): Additions to funds Net EndingInvest- Deduc- increase fundBureau ment Gifts Misc. Total tions (decrease) balancesFreer Gallery .... $ 679 $ 7 $ 84 $ 770 $ 861 $ (91) $ 120Fort Pierce 1,012* 5 1,0 F7 788 229 484CBCES Land Pro-gram 360 58 418 392 26 158Cooper Hewitt-Operating. . . . 32 128 15 175 234 (59) 243Cooper Hewitt-Renovation. . . 792 792 20 772 806Reading is Funda-mental 296 296 293 3 65 1078 Anaoostia Museum 63 63 97 (34) 26Archives of Ameri-can Art _J_ 40 99 143 126 1_7_ 86Subtotal.. 1,727 1,686 261 3,674 2,811 863 1,988Other RestrictedFunds 355 932 190 1,477 1,045 432 1,068Total $2,082 $2,618 $451 $5,151 $3,856 $1,295 $3,056 ?Including $612 special transfer from principal of Endowment Fund No. 3. The Freer Gallery is largely supported by income from endowmentfunds originally provided for this purpose by Charles Freer at the time ofthe construction of the Gallery; it also receives some federal support.Inflationary cost increases of recent years have made it increasinglydifficult to operate within available income.The Fort Pierce, Florida, oceanographic facility is supported entirely byincome from Endowment Fund No. 3, donated to the Smithsonian for thispurpose during the past two years. The Center's expenditures have beenprincipally for research operations of the Center's oceanographic submersi-ble, the Johnson-Sea-Link, and for renovation of the tender ship, R/VJohnson. These renovations, to be completed in September 1972, causedFY 1972 expenditures to exceed available endowment fund income,necessitating a one-time withdrawal of funds in FY 1972 for this purposefrom the principal of the endowment fund itself.Two important new gifts in support of the Chesapeake Bay Center'sland acquisition program were received during this year-$ 200,000 fromthe Richard King Mellon Foundation and $120,000 from The ScaifeFamily of Pittsburgh. These gifts made possible the repayment of a$175,000 loan previously incurred for land purchases, as well as thepurchase of an additional parcel of land, and brought to $1,669,000 thetotal thus far received for this project. Most of the major plots of landhave now been obtained and negotiations are in progress for the remainingareas. Substantial additional sums will still be required to completepayments for these acquisitions.The planned renovation of the Carnegie Mansion in New York City tohouse the Cooper-Hewitt Museum was launched in a most encouragingway in December 1971 by a grant of $500,000 from the A. W. MellonFoundation. Nearly $300,000 more of renovation funds has also beenreceived from other sources. In addition, gifts totaling $128,000 werereceived during the year toward the operating programs of the Museum.This Museum will need greater financial support for both purposes infuture years.The Reading Is Fundamental Program, initiated by Mrs. Robert S.McNamara and now operated in association with the Smithsonian, has 1079been generously supported by the Ford Foundation, and the program hasnow been awarded a new grant from the Edna McConnell ClarkFoundation totaling $1,130,000 over a three-year period. This shouldenable R.I.F. to become self-sustaining thereafter.A complete list of donors for FY 1972 is included at the end of thisfinancial report.Endowment Funds.-The Smithsonian endowment funds are handled inthree separate investment accounts, namely, the Freer Fund, dedicatedentirely to the operation of the Freer Gallery of Art; Endowment FundNo. 3, devoted entirely to oceanographic research; and the ConsolidatedFund in which all other endowment and similar funds of the Institutionare pooled for common investment although maintained separately foraccounting and administrative purposes. A listing of individual fundsincluded in our Consolidated Fund and their related book values, marketvalues, net income and unexpended income balances are set forth inTable 2.The growth of these endowment funds in recent years is shown in thefollowing comparison of their market values at intervals since 1960 (inthousands): SO June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June1960 1965 1970 1971 1972Freer Fund $13,389 $17,276 $14,987 $18,805 $21,973Endowment Fund No. 3 - - 5,433 12,331 14,641Consolidated Fund .. . 4,498 7,853 8,998 11,470 13,287 Total $17,887 $25,129 $29,418 $42,606 $49,901Of the $32,014,000 total increase from 30 June 1960 to 30 June 1972,$7,354,000 of Endowment Fund No. 3 and $6,277,000 of ConsolidatedFund was the result of additions from donations and reinvestment ofincome and the remaining $18,383,000 represented an increase in themarket values of securities. During the year ended 30 June 1972, netadditions of new funds to the Consolidated Fund equaled $131 ,000, whilea net amount of $891,000 was transferred from Endowment Fund No. 3to current operating accounts; market appreciation of total funds in thisyear amount to $8,055,000.Effective 1 July 1971, management of these funds were distributedamong three different investment managers with performance beingmonitored closely by the Investment Policy Committee and the Treasurer.The results achieved thus far have substantially exceeded the average risein stock values in the 12-month period to 30 June 1972. A breakdown of 1080TABLE 2.-Consolidated fund, 30 June 1972 Principal Income Funds participating in pool Net income UnexpendedBook value Market value 1972 balanceUNRESTRICTED FUNDS. . .RESTRICTED FUNDS:Abbott, William L.Archives of American Art. . . .Armstrong, Edwin James ....Arthur, JamesBacon, Virginia PurdyDaird, Spencer Fullerton ....Barney, Alice PikeBarstow, Frederic DBatchelor. Emma EBecker, George FBrown, Roland WCanfield, Frederick ACasey, Thomas LincolnChamberlain, Frances Lea . . .Cooper, G. Arthur, Curator'sFundCooper-Hewitt MuseumDivision of Mammals CuratorFundDivision of Reptiles CuratorFundDrake, Carl JDykes, CharlesEickemeyer, FlorenceBrevoortGuggenheim, David andFlorenceHanson, Martin Gustav &Caroline RuniceHillyer, VirgilHitchcock, Albert SHrdlicka, Ales and Marie. ....Hughes, Bruce,Johnson, E. R. Fenimore ....Kellogg, Remington, MemorialLindsey, Jessie HLoeb, MorrisLong, Annette E. and Edith C.Lyons, Marcus WardMaxwell, Mary EMyer, Catherine WaldenNelson, Edward WilliamNoyes, Frank BPell, Cornelia Livingston ....Petrocelli, Joseph Memorial . .Rathbun, Richard Memorial. .Ramsey, Admiral and Mrs.Dewitt ClintonReid, Addison TRoebling Collection ........ $4,320,791 $5,020,577 $196,411 $196,791 248,895 9,029 2,26122,107 26,365 1,245 -3,561 3,849 134 -63,649 96,774 4,571 8,409173,040 194,248 7,046 13,64358,394 86,506 4,086 1,34245,647 69,349 3,276 3,0251,887 2,383 86 1,60163,205 69,231 2,411 117297,170 336,207 12,196 23,98752,090 66,140 3,124 3,33460,592 106,623 5,037 1,74223,661 29,985 1,088 5144,817 68,092 3,217 7,2832,067 2,201 73 _156,010 165,160 7,178 40,5963,419 3,955 183 1,194552 668 32 79275,890 303,741 13,8 30 14,69081,283 102,933 3,734 3,70717,299191,619 26,273191,971 1,2418,178 8,83616,784 21,255 771 11,04512,409 15,724 570 6,4612,510 3,877 183 65 197,214 120,480 5,691 4,08130,462 46,337 2,189 21,09215,404 15,737 571 3,38023,697 24,661 750 393595 681 32 210164,803 210,802 7,647 361864 1,349 64 3588,261 8,497 308 -31,215 47,477 2,243 20,83038,147 48,313 1,753 5,24337,95 5 5 3,764 2,540 7981,828 2,435 88 1,02814,007 17,836 647 7,76611,796 18,009 851 7,35120,094 25,555 927 9,220516,264 537,382 19,414 61,73033,581 42,523 1,543 248192,112 290,428 13,719 2,546 1081TABLE 2 ?Consolidated fund, 30 June 19 72- Continued Principal Income Net income UnexpendedFunds participating in pool Book value Market value 1972 balanceRoebling Solar Research $46,823 $54,944 $1,993 $Rollins, Miriam and William . . 288,488 390,434 18,016 9,472Smithsonian Agency Account 135,939 136,876 3,805 -Sprague, Joseph White 2,118,369 2,349,087 108,398 27,162Springer, Frank. 28,541 43,338 2,047 18,866Stevenson, John A. 9,665 11,774 556 211Strong, Julia D 18,888 24,014 871 2,495T.F.H. Publications, Inc 8,349 7,733 280 10,847Walcott, Charles D 184,921 244,216 11,270 1,838Walcott, Charles D. and MaryVaux 732,340 1,111,955 52,526 14,141Walcott Botanical Publications 92,223 134,887 6,372 -Zerbee, Francis Brinckle 1,510 2,279 108 1,544Total Restricted Funds $6,770,814 $8,266,208 $359,838 $387,267Total ConsolidatedFund, $11,091,605 $13,286,785 $556,249 $387,267 the three endowment funds as of 30 June 1972, showing types ofinvestments held, with related book and market values, is given in Table 3.A listing of the individual investments held in the various endowmentfunds may be obtained upon request to the Treasurer of the Institution.Much attention has been given to the management of the Institution'sendowment funds during the past three years. In addition to the stepstaken by the Board of Regents in FY 1971 to establish the InvestmentPolicy Committee and, upon its recommendation, to appoint newinvestment managers with full discretion for the investment of the funds(subject to broad policies established by the Board and to promptreporting of transactions), we have been investigating for some time thedesirability of adopting "Total Return" as the investment goal of all of ourendowment funds. Briefly, this concept of investment management is intwo parts: first, it establishes maximum total return (interest and dividendincome plus appreciation in market values), without assuming an inappro-priate degree of risk, as the investment management goal; second, itprovides that the income to be derived from the endowment funds, in lieuof interest and dividends received by the fund in that year, shall be aprudent amount determined in relation to the value of the funds, takinginto account both present and future needs of the Institution. The purpose 1082TABLE 3.-Endowment and similar funds summary of investmentsand other assets as of30 June 1972Funds Book value Market valueINVESTMENT ACCOUNTSFreer Fund:Cash 198,100 198,100Bonds 4,220,980 4,317,963Convertible bonds 3,656,150 4,004,940Convertible preferred stock 671,577 783,305Common stocks 6,7 00,314 12,668,632 Total 15,447,121 21,972,940Consolidated Funds:Cash 657,754 657,754Bonds 3,500,791 3,499,813Convertible bonds 396,092 502,125Convertible preferred stock 247,581 164,000Common stocks 6,289,387 8,463,093Total 11,091,605 13,286,785Endowment Fund No. 3:Cash 443,234 443,234Bonds 163,123 175,773Common stocks 6,414,077 14,021,797Total 7,020,434 14,640,804Miscellaneous:Bonds 10,064 9,875Common stocks 3,321 18,402Total 13,385 28,277Total investment accounts 33,572,545 49,928,806Other Accounts:Notes receivable 95,316 95,316Loan to U.S. Treasury in perpetuity 1,000,000 1,000,000Total other accounts 1,095,316 1,095,316Total Endowment and Similar Fund Balances 34,667 ,861 5 1 ,024,122 of the policy is to allow investment in the most attractive securities fromthe point of view of expected total investment return without the need torestrict them to those providing higher current yields.With the agreement of the Board of Regents, this policy has beenfollowed during the past year for "quasi-endowment" funds (namely thosein which the principal, as well as interest and dividend, yields may be usedfor the purposes specified), a course of action now followed by many 1083leading universities since adoption of the policy was first recommended bya study financed by the Ford Foundation. More recently, the Institutionhas received from the Washington firm of Covington & Burling a stronglegal opinion supporting its use of the Total Return policy for trueendowment funds as well as quasi-endowment funds. Based upon thisopinion and upon the recommendation of our Investment Policy Com-mittee, the Board of Regents, in May 1972, authorized adoption of theMaximum Total Return policy as the goal for all of our endowment funds.It is believed that this policy, which also has the full support of our threeinvestment managers, will enable our endowment funds to show animproved record in future years.The Board of Regents also approved the recommendation of theInvestment Policy Committee that the prudent amount of income to bederived from the endowment funds should be 4H percent annually basedupon the moving five-year average market values of each of the funds.Insofar as income is concerned, there will be little immediate effect on anyof the funds except the Freer Fund; endowment income to the FreerGallery will increase immediately by over $100,000 per year and bringbeneficial relief to that gallery in keeping abreast of its expenditurerequirements.Accounting and Auditing.- As mentioned earlier the improved financialresults in FY 1972 were aided in no small measure by beneficial changes inaccounting and budgeting procedures and reports instituted by ourAccounting, Budgeting and Grant Administration offices over the past twoor three years. The control budgets, reporting of monthly operations, andregular monthly financial review meetings, combined with increasedparticipation in the planning and budgeting process at bureau andadministrative levels have all served to clarify the Institution's basicallycomplex financial affairs. Increasing use of computer program aids is a partof these efforts. Appreciation is expressed herewith to the staffs of theseoffices for their initiative shown in this important work.Private side finances of the Institution are annually audited in full byindependent public accountants; their report for FY 1972 on followingpages includes comparative balance sheets and a statement of changes inbalances in all the various funds. Grant and contract monies received fromfederal agencies are audited annually by the Defense Contract AuditAgency. Audits of federally appropriated funds, as well as portions of theInstitution's non-federal funds, are conducted regularly by our owninternal audit staff, and from time to time by the General AccountingOffice. Special Foreign Currency grants are also audited by the internalauditing staff aided by foreign independent accountants, and in some casesby the audit staff of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1084Donors to the SmithsonianThe Smithsonian Institution gratefully acknowledges gifts and bequestsreceived during fiscal year 1972 from the following:$100,000 or more:The Ford Foundation The Andrew W. Mellon FoundationMrs. Enid A. Haupt Richard King Mellon FoundationInternational Business Machines Scaife Family Charitable TrustsCorporation $10,000 or more:American Federation of InformationProcessing SocietyAmerican Law InstituteAnonymousArchives of American Art TrusteesBarra Foundation, Inc.Battelle Memorial InstituteMrs. W. Vincent AstorThe Morris & Gwendolyn CafritzFoundationCarnegie Corporation of New YorkCelanese CorporationThe Charron FoundationEdna McConnell Clark Foundation, Inc.The Commonwealth FundDoubleday Communication CorporationMrs. Lionel C. EpsteinEstate of Susan Dwight BlissFord Motor CompanyThe Daniel and Florence GuggenheimFoundationMr. & Mrs. H. E. HawkesInterdisciplinary CommunicationsProgram Ittleson Family FoundationThe J. M. Kaplan Fund, Inc.Mrs. Remington KelloggSamuel H. Kress FoundationMiles LaboratoriesMobil Foundation, Inc.National Geographic SocietyThe Nature ConservatoryNew York State Council on the ArtsEdward John Noble FoundationPhillip Morris IncorporatedRadio Corporation of AmericaLaurance S. RockefellerSears, Roebuck and CompanyThe Stans FoundationHattie M. Strong FoundationMr. & Mrs. Bertrand L. Taylor HITupper Foundationvan Ameringen Foundation, Inc.Washington Planetarium and SpaceCenterXerox Corporation $1,000 or more:Alcoa FoundationAmerican Conservation AssociationAmerican Society of Civil EngineersAnonymousAntiquariaat JunkArkville E. R. P. F.Mrs. Hester M. AyersMrs. Frederic C. BartlettMrs. Leon BarzinThe Bass Foundation The Beal FoundationMr. David P. BeckerBorg Warner Co.Boston Safe Deposit & Trust Co.Mrs. George R. BrewerThe Brown Foundation, Inc.Mr. John Nicholas BrownMr. David BruceBrunschwig & Fils, Inc.The Bunker Foundation, Inc. 1085$1,000 or more- Con t.Mr. Wiley N. CaldwellCaterpillar Tractor Co.The Chesapeake Bay FoundationCoca-Cola U.S.A.Dr. Harold J. CoolidgeCooper-Hewitt Museum Building GamesMr. Julien CornellMr. John A. CorronDr. William H. CrockerDart Industries, Inc.John Deere FoundationDodge FoundationDow Chemical Co.Dr. William L. ElkinsMr. & Mrs. Alfred U. Elser, Jr.Entomological Society of AmericaDr. Clifford EvansMr. Joseph I. FergusonMr. S. S. Forrest, Jr.Fort Worth Zoo AssociationMrs. Edith Heboid FreidbergMr. Charles H. FreyGeneral Telephone & ElectronicsFoundationGeorge Washington UniversityDr. Gordon D. GibsonThe Lillian Gish Foundation, Inc.William Glackens ExhibitionMr. Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.Dr. Crawford H. GreenewaltMrs. Lloyd P. GriscomMr. & Mrs. Walter Haas, Jr.Marian Hagu EstateHamilton Standard & United AircraftCorp.Dr. J. HasingerMr. & Mrs. Samuel Hill, Jr.Susan Morse Hilles AgencyHumble Oil CompanyImperial Embassy of IranIndustrial Designers Society of AmericaInstitute for Psychiatry & ForeignAffairsInternational Telephone & Telegraph Co.The Iran Foundation, Inc.Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Kiplinger Foundation, Inc.Mr. Harold F. LinderMr. Charles A. Lindbergh The Link FoundationGeorge Little Memorial Foundation, Inc.Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMr. Devereaux F. McCatcheyMr. Robert L. McNeilMrs. Louden MellenMelville Shoe Co.Merck & CompanyMiss Ethel MermanIngram Merrill Foundation TrustUniversity of MichiganMrs. Irene MordenEugene & Agnes E. Meyer FoundationNational Capital ParksNational Council on ArtsNational Endowment for the HumanitiesNational Park ServiceState of New YorkNew York Zoological SocietyRichard Nixon FoundationThe Tai Ping Foundation, Inc.Mrs. Marjorie Merriweather PostWilliam Randolph Hearst FoundationReader's DigestRockefeller Brothers FundMrs. John D. Rockefeller IVMrs. Dorothy F. RodgersClara Louise Safford EstateMr. Bert SagerSalt Lake City TribuneDr. Seuss FoundationMrs. Arthur L. Shipman, Sr.Sidney Printing & Publishing Co.Mr. Robert Hilton SmithThe Stanley WorksSummerhill FoundationThe Allie L. Sylvester FoundationE. V. Thaw & Co.Mr. Joseph A. ThomasMr. & Mrs. Edgar J. ThompsonMrs. John TishmanMarcia Brady Tucker Foundation, Inc.Mrs. Hildegarde G. van RoijenMr. Dewitt WallaceMr. Thomas J. Watson, Jr.Ellen Bayard Weedon FoundationWildenstein & Co., Inc.Youth Friends Association, Inc.Mr. Harry W. Zichtermann 1086$500 or more:Mr. & Mrs. John W. AuchinclossThe Lily Auchincloss FoundationMiss Isabell AllenAllied Chemical FoundationAmerican Geophysical UnionMr. & Mrs. B. V. AyersMr. & Mrs. George BashlowMr. & Mrs. Lewis BaskinMr. & Mrs. Roger K. BeckerBell & Howell FoundationMs. Barbara BerryMr. & Mrs. Arthur BissellMr. Edwin CaplinMr. & Mrs. Robert G. ClevelandMr. & Mrs. E. H. ClockerMr. & Mrs. Leonard H. CohanMr. R. G. ConleyMr. Richmond A. DayMr. & Mrs. Bern DibnerMr. L. Gordon FiskeMr. Blanton Fortson, Jr.Mr. Herb GlassMr. & Mrs. Harry GriffinMr. Frederick Haupt IIIMr. John JagoMr. & Mrs. B. G. LainsonMrs. Cazenove LeeMr. & Mrs. Steward W. LivermoreJames A. MacDonald FoundationThe Magnavox Foundation, IncorporatedUniversity of MaineMr. Morton D. MayDr. & Mrs. George MorriceMr. & Mrs. James Duncan MunroNewark Museum Association Nickerson Charitable FundMr. & Mrs. NottinMr. & Mrs. Nelson R. NottinghamLouise L. Ottinger FoundationPaccar FoundationMr. Vito A. PassenoDr. & Mrs. F. Lee PorterMr. M. P. PotamkinMrs. Augustus Riggs IVMrs. Nedenia H. RobertsonMr. D. H. RobinsonMr. & Mrs. Howard F. RossHelena Rubinstein Foundation, Inc.Dr. Peter S. ScottMr. Robert W. ShackletonMr. Arthur L. Shipman, Sr.Shure Brothers, Inc.Mr. & Mrs. Montgomery M. SmithE. R. Squibb & Sons, Inc.Miss Marilyn L. SteinbrightMr. & Mrs. Harry N. StevensStroheim & RomannTote-Em-ZooTucson Gem & Mineral SocietyUNESCOColonel & Mrs. Julius WadsworthMr. Robert W. WallickMr. Jay N. Whipple, Jr.Mrs. Ben WhiteMr. Sargent WhiteWhitney Museum of American ArtMr. Alanson WiilcoxWomens Committee of the SmithsonianInstitutionMrs. Rose Saul Zalles We also gratefully acknowledge other contributions in the amount of$141,749.00 received from 1,196 persons during 1972. 1087 PEAT, MARWICK, MITCHELL & CO.CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS1025 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, N.W.WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036 The Board of RegentsSmithsonian Institution:We have examined the balance sheet of private funds of SmithsonianInstitution as of 30 June 1972 and the related statement of changes infund balances for the year then ended. Such statements do not include theaccount of the National Gallery of Art, the John F. Kennedy Center forthe Performing Arts, nor other departments, bureaus and operationsadministered by the Institution under federal appropriations. Our exami-nation was made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards,and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and suchother auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.As explained in note 1 of the notes to financial statements, theInstitution has consistently followed the practice of reflecting in itsfinancial statements as fixed assets only museum shops and computerequipment and other fixed assets acquired through gift or through use ofgift funds. Generally accepted accounting principles for non-profitorganizations require the recording of all fixed assets in the financialstatements.In our opinion, except for the method as discussed in the precedingparagraph, the accompanying balance sheet and statement of changes infund balance of private funds present fairly the financial position ofSmithsonian Institution at 30 June 1972, and the results of its operationsfor the year then ended, in conformity with generally accepted accountingprinciples applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year. PEAT, MARWICK, MITCHELL & CO.29 August 1972 93-397 O - pt. 2-73-69 1088SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BALANCE SHEET OF PRIVATEFUNDS 30 JUNE 1972(With comparative figures for 1971) (Note 1) Assets 1972 1971CURRENT FUNDS:Cash:In U.S. TreasuryIn banks and on handTotal Cash Investments - at cost (market value $49,530;$2,735,996 in 1971) Receivables:AccountsAdvances - travel and otherReimbursements - grants and contracts . . Inventories at lower of cost or net realizable valuePrepaid expenseDeferred magazine expenses (note 2)Equipment (less accumulated depreciation of$189,804; $71,636 in 1971) (note 1 and 3). .Total Current FundsENDOWMENT AND SIMILAR FUNDS:CashNotes receivableInvestments -at cost: (market value$48,629,718; $42,467,439 in 1971)Loan to U.S. Treasury in perpetuityTotal Endowment and Similar Funds .REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION FUNDS:Real estate at cost or appraised value at date ofgift (note 1 )Total Real Estate Acquisition Funds. . $ 172,821 $ 413,857290,917 155,997463,738 569,854 4,186,224 2,868,032 774,332 774,722160,106 194,835986,797 1,369,3061,921,235 2,338,863567,210 522,908114,047 116,988749,226 404,472408,211 521,325$ 8,409,891 $ 7,342,442 $ 1,299,088 $ 165,03395,316 96,66332,273,457 31,288,6331,000,000 1,000,000$34,667,861 $32,550,329 $ 2,326,956 $ 2,176,219$ 2,326,956 $ 2,176,219See accompanying notes to financial statements. 1089SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BALANCE SHEET OF PRIVATEFUNDS 30 JUNE 1972(With comparative figures for 1971) (Note 1) Liabilities and Fund Balances1972 1971CURRENT FUNDS:Notes payable (note 3) $ 383,691 $ 654,613Accounts payable 421,213 814,581Accrued liabilities 669,065 570,068Deferred income:Magazine subscriptions 1,931,311 1,400,926Other 117,019 130,249 Total Liabilities 3,522,299 3,570,437Fund balances:Unrestricted 1,781,105 1,719,657Restricted:Unexpended income from endowments . 550,580 651,889Grants and Contracts 50,001 290,741Gifts 2,505,906 1,109,718 Total Fund Balances 4,887,592 3,772,005 Total Current Funds $ 8,409,891 $ 7,342,442ENDOWMENT AND SIMILAR FUNDS:Fund balances:Endowment funds $29,320,809 $27,391,201Funds functioning asendowments 5,347,052 5,159,128 Total Endowment and Similar Funds $34,667,861 $32,550,329 REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION FUNDS:Mortgage notes payable (note 4) $ 353,138 $ 293,641Fund balance 1,973,81 8 1,882,578Total Real Estate Acquisition Funds . $2,326,956 $2,176,219 1090SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONPRIVATE FUNDSStatement of Changes in Fund BalancesYear ended 30 June 1972Current Funds Unrestricted funds Hcstricted funds Balance at 30 June 1971 Total General$ J,772,OOS $1,719,657 $ Income fromActivities endowments Gifts c$ 651,889 $1,109,718 $Grants andontractsAdditions:Net sales 7,157,260Less: cost of goods sold .... 4,837,761Gross profit 2.319,499Grants and contracts - Net . . . 7,847,612Investment income 1 ,5 I 2.396Gifts, bequests andfoundation grants 2.789,036Rental and commission I 70,562Other 395,377Total additions $IS.034,482Deductions:Salary and benefits 8,95 2.2 75Purchases for collection .... 209,465Travel and transportation. . . 834,418Equipment and facilities . . . 638,087Supplies and materials 730,206Rent and utilities 103.806Communications 139,593Contractual services 3.063,447Computer rental 41,038Promotion and advertising . . 67,429 67,429Depreciation 22,244 22,244Administrative expendituresapplied (167,090 ) (2.638.646 ) 379.737Total deductions ... . $14,634,918 357,828 2,587,559Transfers 716,023 (178,899) 141,352Net increase (decrease) in fundbalances 1,115,587 61,448Balance at 30 June 1972 $ 4,887,592 . $1,781,105 $ 831,190 6,195.741 111,474 18,855812,401 3,998,872 26,48884,98618.789 2,196,869 18,855 7,847.612334.055 I.I4S.24S 33,09625,591 145,357 1 1 ,094 2,606,994170,56249.178 103,9812,446,207 2,6401.243.96S 239,5782,898,523598,175 7,847.612 2,413,352 1,505,521 514.00S 960,308 3,S59,089523 154,037 54,287 61876,114 52,384 31,838 151,229 S22.853138.154 45,981 30.508 96,049 327, 39S81.171 93,267 30,076 181,937 343,75544,954 6.315 15.966 36.57167,361 14,698 558 13,759 43,217142,116 399,983 285,809 925,288 1,310,25132,729 8.309 87,083 214.399 1,790.3371,133,914 2,621,531 7,934.086(211,360) 1.119.196 (1S4.266)(101,309) 1,396,188 (240,740)$ SS0.580 $2, SOS.906 S 50.001 1091SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONPRIVATE FUNDSStatement of Changes in Fund BalancesYear ended 30 June 1972Endowment and Similar Funds FundsEndowment funds functioning ~ as endow-Total Total Freer Other mentsFund balances at 30 June 1971as previously reported $32,550,329 $27,495,256 $13,328,493 $14,166,763 $5,055,073To correct error in classificationof Smithsonian Agency Acct. (104,055) (104,055) 104,055Fund balances at 30 June 1971asadjusted 32,550,329 27,391.201 13,328,493 14,062,708 5,159,128Additions:Gifts and Bequests 43,830 38,069 - 38,069 5,761Net Gain (Loss) on Sale ofinvestments 2,880,965 2,723,293 2,118,628 604,665 157,672Income added to principal . . 95,178 91,740 - 91,740 3,438Transfer from Current Funds-Smithsonian Agency Acct.. . 21,053 - - 21,05 3Total Additions 3,041,026 2,853,102 2,118,628 734,474 187,924Deductions:Transfer to Current Funds. . 923,494 923,494 923,494Fund balances at 30 June 1972. $34,667,861 $29,320,809 $15,447,121 $13,873,688 $5,347,052 Real Estate Acquisition FundFund balance at 30 June 1971 $1,882,578Additions:Land Acquisition - Chesapeake Bay Center Property 280,503Deductions:Land salesFt. Pierce, Fla $181,011Chesapeake Bay Center 8,252 189,263Fund balance at 30 June 1972 $1,973,818 1092SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONPRIVATE FUNDS Notes to Financial Statements30 June 1972 1. Accounting Principles. -The institution follows the accrual method ol account-ing except that accrued vacation pay has not been reflected on the accompanyingfinancial statements.Fixed assets are recorded as follows:Museum shops and computer equipment: Those purchased from private funds arecapitalized in the current fund.Land and buildings: Those acquired by gift or by use of gift funds are recorded inthe real estate acquisition fund at cost or appraised value at date of gift, except forgifts of certain islands in the Chesapeake Bay and the Carnegie Mansion which havebeen recorded at nominal values.All other land, buildings, furniture, equipment, works of art, living or otherspecimens are not reflected in the accompanying financial statements.Museum Shops and computer equipment are depreciated on a straight line basisover an estimated useful life of five years. In accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles for non-profit organizations, depreciation is not provided onnon-income producing assets.2. Deferred Magazine Expenses. - This amount represents promotional expensesincurred in connection with the Smithsonian magazine. These expenses are to beamortized over a period of twelve months.3. Note Payable. -The note payable in the principal amount of $383,691 issecured by computer equipment and is payable in monthly installments of $7,993 to30 June 1976.4. Mortgage Notes Payable.-The mortgage notes payable are secured by firstdeeds of trust on property acquired in connection with the Chesapeake Bay Center.Funds for the curtailment of these notes will be transferred from restrictedfunds- gifts, designated for the development of the Chesapeake Bay Center. Thedetails of the mortgage notes payable are as follows: a. A $226,100 note on property acquired for $376,000. The note is payable innineteen consecutive semi-annual installments of $13,300, plus interest at theprevailing prime rate on the due date of payment but not less than 8% with thefinal payment due 1 July 1980.b. A $37,038 note on property acquired for $118,533. The note is payable inmonthly installments of $451, including interest at the rate of 6%, with the finalpayment due on 1 November 1989. c. A $90,000 note on property acquired for $120,000. The note is payable in threeconsecutive annual installments of $30,000, plus interest at the rate of 7 percenton the unpaid balance, with the final payment due 1 November 1974.5. Real Estate Acquisition Funds.-The real estate acquisition funds includecertain land and buildings acquired by gift or purchased from restricted funds. Thisproperty is currently being used for museums, the Chesapeake Bay Center and aconference center. Previously this property was included as part of the endowmentand similar funds. The prior year's financial statements have been reclassified toreflect this change. 1093Mrs. Hansen. Dr. Ripley, may I express my own and the committee'sappreciation for a very excellent and an interesting presentation. Wealways enjoy the Smithsonian as much as any agency that comesbefore us. Thank you all for contributing to our general knowledge.Mr. Ripley. Thank you very much, Madam Chairman.Mr. McDade. Madam Chairman, I echo your sentiments and urgeyou to keep up the good work. We know you will.Mr. Ripley. Thank you very much.Mrs. Hansen. You are going to have the entire committee out tolook at the zoo some day.Mr. Ripley. I am so glad. I hope you will come early to see thepandas. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 01645 5487