DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OFFISHES FROM JAPAN AND THE RIU KIU ISLANDS.
By JoHx Otterbeix Snyder,Of HtiDifonJ rtiircr.sitii, Ctilifoniin.
During the recent cruise of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamerAlbatross in the North Pacific Ocean and in the seas about Japan,man}^ fishes were collected along the shores of Japan and to the south-Avard as far as Okinawa. In the preparation of a report on thesefishes a number of new forms have been discovered. Descriptionsof 2 genera and 14 species heretofore unknown appear in the presentpaper."* Family SYNGNATHID^.SIPHOSTOMA YOSHI, new species.Head 9 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.5 in head; eye 5.5;snout 2.5; dorsal 48; rings 18+31.Body slender, the tail long; dorsal outline of snout concave; inter-orbital space flat ; occiput convex. The snout bears ridges as follows
:
a median one from the tip to interorbital space; a dorso-lateral oneextending from tip to supraorbital rim where it branches on inter-orbital space; a pronounced median ventral one, and above this aless prominent pair, the upper of which passes below nostrils andeye. Occiput with 3 ridges, the outer ones having their origins abovethe eye, and continued backward as the dorsal body keels. Ventralsurface of body rounded, without a median keel; no spines or verystrong keels on body or tail.Dorsal on 10.5 rings, 4 of which belong with the body ; the heightof rays about equal to depth of body. Anal minute. Caudal equalin length to snout. Pectoral someAvhat over half as long as caudal.Color in spirits yellowish white; a dusky stripe, indefinite in out-line, passing from tip of snout backward across head; body withdusky reticulations which form a row of diamond-shaped figures on
" Other species from the same region are described in a previous paper, Proc.U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXV, pp. 93-111.Proceedings U.S. National Museum, Vol. XXXVI? No. 1688.Proc. N. M. vol. xxxvi?09 12 597
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.the tail, connected by a narrow, median stripe; caudal dusky, withlight edges.Type.?One specimen, Cat. No. 62944, U.S.N.M., measuring 105mm. Localitj!-, Tanegashima, Japan.(yoshi, a Japanese word meaning a reed.)ICHTHYOCAMPUS NOX, new species.Head 8.2 in length to base of caudal; depth 18; depth caudalpeduncle 7.5 in head ; snout 2.5 ; eye 5 ; D. 20 ; A. 3 ; rings 16-}-31.Snout with a strong median keel which abruptly ends on interor-bital area; a lateral one of about one-half the height of median keelextending obliqueh^ from tip of snout to eye; a third extendingalongside of snout to opercle; another on lower edge of snout; oper-cle with a keel on anterior third, from which faint lilies radiate ; su-praorbital keels converging toward a short median ridge behind.Body with a median ventral ridge and 3 lateral ones. Tail squarein cross section, except on 3 anterior rings over which the median ofthe lateral ridges extends. Plates of body without spinous angles;those of tail with incipient spines on upper anglesDorsal extending over 5.5 rings, 5 of which belong with the tail.Caudal equal in length to diameter of eye. Pectoral slightly longer.Color of preserved specimen almost black ; a narrow stripe, scarcelyvisible, extending along each flat surface; caudal narrowly edgedwith white.Described from the type, a female 51 nnn. long, from Naha,Okinawa.Type.?Cat. No. 62045. TT.S.N.M.MICROPHIS OCELLATUS, new species.Head 5.7 in length to base of caudal ; depth 1.7 in head ; depthcaudal peduncle 7 ; diameter eye 6 ; length snout 2.5 ; D. 30. A. 5
;
rings 19+18.Body of about equal dei^th from occiput to tail where it abruptlygrows smaller, the outlines of the tail gradually sloping to the caudalpeduncle. Snout perceptibly curved upward ; narrow, the widthslightly less than diameter of orbit; rounded anteriorly. Nostrilswith low rims. Head with ridges as follows : one above eye, havingits origin on tip of snout, curves outAvard as it pas.ses back, abruptlybends inward and increases in height on reaching nostrils, then bendsoutward and curves downward behind the eye and extends to upperedge of opercle ; one on occiput ; a central, oblique one on opercle withlesser ridges radiating from it : 3 on each side of snout. Each bodyring with a median dorsal and ventral keel, except where displacedby ogg-pouch or fin ; 5 lateral keels, the fourth row of which, count-ing from above, disapj^ears near vent ; the third and fifth rows unitejust posterior to vent; caudal rings each with a dorsal, ventral, and
NO. IfiSS. XEW FfSHESI FROM JAPAN?SNYDER. 599S lateral keels, each of those of the upper lateral row on both bodyand tail ^Yith a weak posterior spine; facets of rings weakly sculp-tured between the keels. Egg-pouch extending over 13.5 body rings,the keels on either side of pouch markedly elevated.Dorsal located on 7.5 rings, 2 of which belong with the tail. Cau-dal fin obtusely pointed, about half as long as snout. Anal minute.Pectoral about 1.5 times as long as diameter of orbit.Color in spirits, light brown; 2 distinct dark stripes on occiput,which converge and join on back above pectoral fin and pass in a brokenline to caudal ; side of head with a broad, dark stripe passing througheye; a row of large spots along lower edge of jaw and on opercle;sides of body with a line of small spots on upper row of plates anda line of sharply defined ocelli on each of the three rows of platesbeloM-; tail with small, elongate, dark spots, one on each ring facet;caudal dusky, with a light border.This description is of a male specimen, 03 mm. long, collected atNaha, Okinawa.Type.?C'At. Xo. 62946, U.S.N.M.A female, also from Xaha, has 21 rings in the caudal. The keelsof the rings are stronger and the surfaces between are more promi-nenth' sculptured. There are 29 dorsal rays. The color is less bril-liant than that of the male, the ocelli being replaced by small spots.A female, 39 mm. long, from Tanegashima has 22 caudal rings.The color is very dark, except for 7 or 8 large, light spots passingover the back like saddles.Gotype.?Cat. No. 21133, Stanford University collection.Family APOGOXICHTHYID^.APOGONICHTHYS NAF^, new species.Head, 2.7 in length to base of caudal; depth, 2.9; depth caudalpeduncle, 5.7; eye, 3.2 in head; snout, 5.5; width interorbital space. 4;D. VII-I-10 ; A. II-9 ; scales in lateral series, 23 ; between originof anal and spinous dorsal, 8.Head very large; snout pointed; jaws equal; eye large, the diam-eter greater than length of snout ; maxillary extending beyond eye, itslength almost equal to half that of head. Teeth of jaws in narrowbands; no canines; large teeth on vomer, none on palatines. Edge ofpreopercle, smooth. Border of preopercle with a row of 6 largescales; scales of opercle, large. Lateral line ending beneath origin ofsoft dorsal ; a few scattered pores along middle of caudal peduncle.First dorsal spine, minute; the second not quite half the length ofthird ; third and fourth longest, about 2.2 in head. Anterior rays ofsoft dorsal longest, 1.9 in head. First spine of anal minute, the fol-lowing one very small; longest rays somewhat shorter than those of
600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.dorsal. Caudal rounded, 1.3 in head. Pectoral rather pointed, 1.5in head. Ventral, 2.2.Three blackish stripes extending backward from eye toward borderof opercle ; the median one broadened and rounded posteriorly ; bodywith small, dark spots, those oh caudal peduncle largest.Described from the tj-pe, a specimen 30 mm. long, from Xaha,Okinawa.Ti/pe.?Cat No. 62947, U.S.N.M.The species closely resembles A. Isostigma Jordan and Scale,"from which it may possibly prove to be indistinguishable. .1. nafcehas a larger eye and a smaller second anal spine, while in ^i. isostigmathe median stripe of head is broader, closely approaching a circularspot in shape, and bordered by a prominent ring of dead white; alsoeach lateral scale of body has a large, black spot.Family POMACEXTRID.E.ABUDEFDUF RICHARDSONI, new species.Head, 3.8 in the length to base of caudal; depth, 2.5; depth caudalpeduncle, 7.2 ; diameter eye, 2.8 in head; snout, 4.2; width interorbitalspace, 3 ; D. XIV-13 ; A. 11-13 ; scales in lateral series, 2G ; in trans-verse series, counting upward and forward from origin of anal, 11.Mouth oblique ; maxillary extending to a vertical through anterioredge of orbit. Teeth incisor-like in front of jaws, the edges rounded ;growing more conical and smaller posteriori)''; not crowded, thespaces between them quite evident. Gill-rakers on anterior arch,7-|-lG, long and slender. Suborbital narrow, the edge smooth; edgeof preopercle naked and very finely denticulated.Snout naked between nostrils and lip; head and body otherwisecompleteh' scaled ; bases of dorsal and anal scaled, the spinous dorsalwith three rows of attenuated scales extending upward between thespines. Lateral line ending below origin of soft dorsal; a few poresalong median part of caudal peduncle.Median spines of dorsal somewhat longer than the others, 1.8 inthe head; longest (ninth) ray, 1.2 in head. Second anal spine, 2 inhead, the first not quite half as long; rays of about equal lengththroughout, l.G in the head. Soft dorsal reaching base of caudalwhen depressed ; neither dorsal nor anal filamentous. Caudal deeplycleft, the lobes somewhat filamentous in a few examples. Pectorals,3.G in the length ; ventrals. 4 ; occasionallv filamentous.Color of preserved specimens; ba.se of pectoral with a prominentblack spot on its upper third ; dorsal half of body dusky, the colorgaining in intensity posteriorly and forming a black stripe alongupper part of caudal peduncle and caudal fin; lower lobe of caudal
" Fishes Samoa. Bull. Bureau Fisheries, XXV, p. 251.
NO. 1688. yEW FISHES FROM JAPAX?SNYDER. QQlfin -with a similar dark border Avhich extends forward and ends nearthe middle of lower ed<^e of caudal peduncle; scales of body each witha dusky spot, the spots growing- less distinct and finally disappearingventrally; posterior basal part of soft dorsal with a light, yellowishspot, round and well defined in some examples ; other parts of fin,together with spinous dorsal, dusky; anal with a well marked blackishborder.Described from the type, a specimen TO nun. long, and other ex-amples from Naha, OkinaAva, among which are the cotypes, Cat. Xo.21134, Stanford University Collection.ryy?e.?Cat. No. 02948, U.S.X.M. .The species resembles P. cyanom^is Bleeker." It is distinguishedby the black spot on the base of the pectoral, the absence of a bluespot at upper edge of gill-opening, the less sinuate dorsal, and otherless conspicuous characters.Xamed for Mr. Robert Earl Richardson.ABUDEFDUF REX, new species.Head, 3.G in length to base of caudal; depth, 2.4; depth caudalpeduncle, G.4; diameter eje, 3 in head; width interorbital space,3.3 ; D. XIII?14 ; A. II?13 ; scales in lateral series, 25 ; betweenlateral line and spinous dorsal, 2 ; between origin of anal and lateralline, counting upward and forward, 9.Body moderately elongate, the q\q large, snout short and blunt, the7uaxillary extending to a vertical j^assing midway between pupil andanterior edge of orbit. Teeth in a single row ; conical and close set.Gill-rakers on first arch 5-f-ll; slender and rather short; suborbitalsmooth ; edge of preopercle exposed and smooth.Lateral line ending below origin of soft dorsal ; a number of poresscattered along middle of caudal peduncle. Snout and chin naked;head and body elsewhere scaled ; bases of dorsal and anal with astrong sheath of scales, above which several rows of narrow, thinscales extend outward on the membranes; basal half of caudal withscales.Membrane of spinous dorsal with a scalloped edge, a small filamentextending beyond each spine; the posterior spines longest, about l.Gin head ; last rays extending somewhat beyond base of caudal whendepressed. Second spine of anal almost equal in length to the fol-lowing ray, l.G in head ; longest raj^s somewhat shorter than those ofdorsal, not quite reaching caudal when depressed. First ray of ven-tral filamentous, reaching slightly beyond origin of anal when de-pressed, the spine about half as long as the ray. Upper rays of thepectoral longest. 3.8 in the length ; the others successively shorter.Caudal Avith a rather shallow notch, the lobes rounded.
"Atl. Iclith. roniac. pi. ix, fit,'. 3.
602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.Color in spirits brownish anteriorly, becoming much lighter onposterior half; each scale with a round, white spot, behind which isa small dusky area, the former fading and the latter becoming moredistinct on exposure to light ; upper edge of gill-opening with a dis-tinct black spot partly covering one scale; 2 or 3 faint light stripeson snout. In life brilliant purple anteriorly, blending with brightorange on posterior half of body, each scale with a round purplespot, the posterior spots standing out in bold contrast against theorange; spinous dorsal narrowly edged with purple, the soft dorsr.Lanal, and caudal orange ; base of pectoral orange, the fin washed witlipurple; ventrals suffused with purple.Small examples have the dorsal and anal more elongate than thelarger ones.Type.?Cat. No. 62949, U.S.X.M., a specimen 01 mm. long fromNaha, Okinawa. Cotjpe, Cat. Xo. 21135, Stanford University Col-lection.Twenty-five specimens were secured from the tide pools, where thespecies is well represented. Their bright colors make them veryconspicuous. AAlien disturbed they quickly conceal themselves inthe crevices of the coral rocks.P^imily SCARICHTHYID.^.CALLYODON BOWERSI, new species.Head, 2.9 in length to ba^e of caudal; depth, 2.G; depth caudalpeduncle, 7; snout, 2.2 in head; eye, 7; interorbital space, 2.7; D,IX-10; A. 11-11; scales in lateral series, 21; between anal and dor-sal, 8.5.Body rather deep and heavy, anterior profile elevated, the headblunt ; interorbital space acutely arched. Lips thin and narrow, notcovering half of jaws, the upper lip double for a slight space only,the inner j^art reduced to a small, rounded pad. Teeth whitish,the tips of only one row evident ; one short, conical tooth at posterioredge of upper jaw.Two rows of scales on the cheek; 7 or 8 in the upper, 6 or 7 inthe lower; one row along the lower edge of the operculum. High-est dorsal spines, 3.3 in head ; rays. 2.8 ; median anal rays, 2.9, Edgeof caudal concave, the length 1.4 in the head. Pectoral ratherjDointed, 1.3 in head; ventral, 1.7.Color in spirits deep green, lighter beneath, approaching a yellow-ish tint on chin and throat; each scale of body with a narrow, light,vertical bar at base; lower lip deep green, narrowly edged with yel-lowish ; upper lip similar ; snout witli a broad, transverse j^urplishband which is edged with dark green ; interorbital area with twonarrow, yellowish bands; lower margin of orbit edged Avith yellow;
NO. 1CS8. XEW Fh^HEt^ FROM JAPAN?S\YDER. 603a conspicuous yellow area extending from near eye backward to avertical through base of sixth dorsal spine, narrow anteriorly, whereit is connected with the orbit by two slender stripes, rapidly broaden-ing as it extends backward and downward behind and beneath thepectoral fin; dorsal fins Avith 2 broad, yellow, median stripes whichare united anteriorly; anal with a broad, j^ellowish green stripe nar-rowly separated from base of fin ; caudal with light stripes betweenthe raj's; larger j^art of pectoral yellowish, the upper edge and thebase green ; ventrals 3"ellow, edged with green.Type.?Cat Xo. G2950, U.S.X.M.Two specimens from the market at Naha. One, the type, measures300 mm. in lengih. The second, cotype, No. 21136, Stanford Uni-versity collection, is somewhat smaller and a little more brightlycolored, the pattern remaining the same. The pectoral of this speci-men is somewhat more rounded than that of the type.Named for Hon. George M. Bowers, United States Commissionerof Fisheries. CALLYODON CEDEMA, new species.Head, 2.8 in the length to base of caudal ; depth, 2.5 ; depth caudalpeduncle, 2.4 , in head; eye, 7; snout, 2.1; interorbital space, 3.1;D. IX?10; A. IV?9; scales in lateral series, 22; betw^een bases ofdorsal and anal, 7.5.Body deep and heavy; occiput and nape w^ith a great hump whichis angidar in front and more rounded above, rising abruptly from apoint over anterior margin of orbit. Lips thin, covering only basalportion of teeth ; the upper double for about half its w^idth ; points ofteeth distinct along cutting edge of jaws only; 2 conical teeth onproximal part of upj)er jaw.Cheeks with 2 rows of scales, the preoj^ercular margin naked; 7scales in the lower row, 10 in the upper ; posterior part of upper rowextending dorsally behind the eye; anterior and upper edge of oc-cipital elevation naked ; 3 row-s of scales anterior to the dorsal fin.Membrane along edge of spinous dorsal thickened ; length of longestspines, 3.5 in head ; soft dorsal equal in height to spinous portion, theposterior raj^s somewhat lengthened. Anal equal in height to softdorsal, the posterior rays considerably elongated and somewhat fal-cate, about 2 in head : tips of both dorsal and anal reaching caudalwhen depressed. Caudal slightlj^ convex, 1.4 in head. Pectorall^ointed, the tip, when depressed, reaching a vertical through analopening. Ventrals pointed, the outer edges greatly thickened, 1.5in head.Color in spirits deep brown, the dorsal, anal, and pectoral narrowlyedged with green ; teeth, deep green.One specimen, measuring 450 mm. long, from the market at Naha.Type.?Cat. No. 62951, U.S.N. M. '
604 PROCEEDIxas OF THE XATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.Family CEPHALACANTHID.E.DACTYLOPTENA GILBERTI, new species.Head measured from tip of snout to upper edge of gill-opening.3.8 in length; depth, i>.3; depth caudal peduncle, 4.3 in head; eye, 3;snout, 3.1; interorbital space, 1.4; D. I-I-V-8; A. G.Snout extremely blunt; interorbital space broad and deeply con-cave ; occipital region convex ; posttemporal processes short andrather blunt, the space between their apices rounded anteriorly in-stead of angular; each with a strong dorsal keel which is dividedanteriorly and broken up into two rows of sharp elevations much likethose on the scales. Opercular spine acute, the outer edge serrated
;
distance from its tip to end of snout contained 2.G times in the length.Scales with strong keels, the posterior edges of which are serratedsides posteriorly, with a row of G large, movable, knife-like scales,the first of which is located some distance anterior to the anal open-ing; base of caudal with a pair of enlarged, movable scales, eacli ofwhich has a high, sharp keel. An indication of a lateral line inthe shape of a slight ridge without pores may be followed some dis-tance backward and downward from the posttemporal spine.First and second dorsal spines separate from each other, and fromthe remaining part of the fin ; the first spine very high, extending totips of other spines when the dorsal is depressed ; contained 3 timesin the length, inserted immediately behind the occiput, its posterioredge with a broad membrane ; .second spine short, its length con-tained about 3.8 times in the length of first ; its posterior edge witha membrane which scarcely connects it with the following ray; suc-ceeding spines all connected by membrane, their tips when depressedreaching origin of soft dorsal. Longest (first and second) dorsalrays somewhat shorter than head. Highest anal ray 1.3 in headedge of membrane between rays deeply scalloped. Longest pectoralrays reaching just beyond base of caudal. Caudal truncate; theuppermost rays slightly longer than the others. Ventrals reachinganal opening.In spirits the color is a very deep brown, almost concealing a fewblack spots on the upper and lateral surfaces ; first dorsal spine Avith6 distinct, blackish cross-bands, the color continuing backwardand darkening the membrane; other spines and rays of both dorsalsand caudal similarly barred; anal immaculate; pectoral with manyround, dusky spots of various sizes, and a large, dusky area nearbase of fin.T7/pe.?Cat No. G2052, U.S.N.M., a specimen 208 mm. long fromKagoshima.The sjDecies is represented by but one specimen. It is not to beconfused with D. orientalis^ being readily distinguished by the ex-
NO. IfiSS. NEW FfSflf]!^ FRO]} JArW?SXYDFR. g05tremely short snout, the broad intororbital space, and the curved out-h'ne of the area between the posttemporal processes. D. gilhcrti alsohas the scales more strongly keeled, the tips of the pectoral raj^s lessfilamentous, the membranes extending farther out on them, theknife-like scales along the sides better developed and more numerous,and the mouth somewhat wider.Named for Dr. Charles H. Gilbert.Family GOBIII).E.ZONOGOBIUS BOREUS, new species.Head 3.1 in length to base of caudhl : depth, 3.7; depth caudalpeduncle, 7; eye, 3.2 in head; snout, 4; interorbital space, 4; D. YI
?
10; A. 8; scales in lateral series about 26; between anal and dorsal,counting upward and forw^ard, about 10.Head very large; snout blunt, mouth oblique, maxillary extendingto a verticle through j^osterior edge of pupil ; interorbital space nar-row and flat, the dorsal rims of eyes projecting slightly above it.Teeth simple, in narrow bands on the jaws, the outer and inner rowof lower jaw distinctl}^ enlarged; vomer and palatines naked.Tongue truncate. Gill-rakers on first arch 3-|-10, long and veryslender. Gill-openings large, extending far forward below, but notconfluent. Shoulder girdle without any apparent armature. Xos-trils tubular. Head naked, and w^ithout barbels; rows of papillifer-ous mucous pores on sides of head, snout, and chin. Body withlarge, loosely attached ctenoid scales, except on breast, abdomen,and a considerable space on back below the spinous dorsal, the scalesextending forward toward base of pectoral in one or two rows.Origin of spinous dorsal slightlj' posterior to base of pectoral,separate from the soft dorsal; the latter slightly higher, the longest*ray contained 1.7 times in the head. Origin of anal on a verticalpassing between second and third dorsal rays ; the height about equalto spinous dorsal, the longest raj^s contained 2 times in head; neitherdorsal nor anal united by membrane to the caudal peduncle, norreaching base of caudal when depressed. Ventrals separate, pointed
;
extending to the anal opening when depressed ; inserted directlybelow the gill-opening. Pectorals rounded, their length contained1.5 times in the head.Color in spirits, pale brown, darker on head and neck, where thereare a series of light, dark bordered bands, the first of which passesover the snout, curving in front of the eye; the second through eye,the third and fourth across occiput, the fifth over the nape and down-ward on base of pectoral ; between the third and fifth bands are twovery light and indistinct ones, which are separated by the fourth.On cheeks, opercles, and base of pectorals the bands are oblique.
506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.Type.?C^Ai. No. 62953, U.S.N.M., a specimen 33 mm. long, fromthe tide pools at Misaki. Cotype, Cat. Xo. 21137, Stanford Univer-sity collection. Only 2 specimens seen.This species exhibits mnch the same type of coloration as Z. semi-doliatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes), and might be mistaken for thatform. It diifers in being more slender, in having a naked area belowthe spinous dorsal, and in color.It may be remarked, in passing, that Gohius semidollatus Day^represents a species that has apparently been wrongly identified.Genus EXPEDIO, new genus.Body elongate and slender, head broad, the muscles of the jawsgreatly developed. Tongue notched. Teeth simple; a band on upperjaw, outside of which is a row of enlarged ones; a single row on thelower jaw. Gill-opening restricted to side of head. A small analpapilla. Body scaleless. Spinous dorsal and ventral fins absent.Soft dorsal inserted above the anal. Middle of back with two parallelrows of minute plica>.The genus resembles Luciogohias.i and is perhaps closely relatedto it. It diifers in having no ventrals.Type^-^Exfedio parvulus^ new species.EXPEDIO PARVULUS, new species.Head, 5.9 in length to base of caudal; depth, 11; depth caudalpeduncle, 11; eye, 8 in head; snout, 3.5; D. 10; A. 11.Body of about the same depth throughout, the width less than thedepth ; head broader and deeper than the body ; muscles of sides andtop of head greatly developed, the interorbital and occipital regionswith a marked concavity; rim of eye extending above contour ofhead. Mouth large, the cleft extending to a ijoint below posteriorborder of eye; lower jaw projecting beyond the upper; lips large andpendent; tongue broad, very deeply notched at tip; teeth simple,a narrow band on upper jaw, a single series on the lower, outer rowon upper jaw enlarged. Gill-opening about equal in width to baseof pectoral. Nostrils with well-developed rims. A row of mucouspores extending along snout and backward below eye; a short rowbehind and above eye. A small anal papilla present.Head and bodj^ scaleless.Spinous dorsal and ventral fins absent. Soft dorsal inserted onposterior third of body, measured from gill-opening to base ofcaudal; the rays about equal in height to length of snout. Analinserted slightly in advance of dorsal, the rays somewhat longer thanthose of dor.sal; caudal rounded; about three-fifths as long as head.Pectorals with 13 rays ,?? the length contained about 2 times in head.
a Fishes, India, p. 295, pi. lix, fig. 6.
NO. 1688. -VA-;ir i'/,sni:t< from jm'axswder. gQ7Anal opening located in advance of anal fin a distance about equalto depth of caudal peduncle.Yellowish white in spirits, closely covered with minute, dark-brown specks.Type.?Cat. No. 62954, U.S.N.M., a specimen 37 mm. long fromMisaki, Japan. Cotype. Cat. Xo. 21138, Stanford University col-lection. Five specimens in all were secured from the tide pools,the largest measuring 43 mm. In some specimens the pectoral finswere much more pointed and slightly longer than in others.Genus INU, new genus.This genus resembles Luciogohins and is no doubt related to it.It differs principalh^ in having scales.Body short, with a deep caudal penduncle; head large, broad, themuscles of the cheeks and sides of the head greatly developed,bulging upward beyond the occiput ; eyes directed upward and for-Avard; jaws about equal, the cleft of mouth extending back^vard farbeyond ej^es. Teeth simple; an outer row of enlarged ones, withinwhich is a narroAv band of minute ones. Tongue notched at tip.Gill-openings restricted to the sides. Shoulder girdle without proc-esses. Pectorals without filamentous rays, ventrals present, welldeveloped and united in a round disk, the anterior edge of which isgreatly thickened; spinous dorsal absent; soft dorsal and anal in-serted opposite each other, their points of origin near middle of body.Small cvcloid scales on posterior part of body ; head naked. A smallanal papilla. On the back, before the dorsal is a slight median de-pression, on either side of which is a row of minute, oblique plicfp,these being preceded by a slight median ridge. These peculiar plicpeare also present in Litciogohius, Clariger, and Expedio^ and they aresliglitly developed in Asfrahe.The genus is known to include two species of voracious-lookinglittle gobies found in the pools at Misaki.Type of genus.?Inu koma, new species.(inu, a Japanese word meaning dog.)INU KOMA, new species.Head 3.4 in length to base of caudal; depth 7.5; depth caudalpeduncle 0; snout 4.5 in head; eye about 10; width interorbital space9; dorsal 11; anal 12.The body is short and deep, being almost cylindrical behind thehead, growing more compressed posteriorly to the flat caudal pe-duncle which has a pronounced, thickened, fleshy keel on the upperand lower edges of its j)osterior half. Head very broad, somewhatover a third wider than the body, and considerably depressed, thegreat muscles of the cheeks and sides of head bulging outward andupward, thus forming a deep trough behind the eyes and on the
608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATTONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.occiput. Interorbital space broad, slightly concave; with a narrow,transverse, fleshy ridge. Eyes directed nj^ward and forward in amarked degree, the upper orbital rims projecting above dorsal con-tour of head. Nostrils with low rims. Mouth verj- large, the maxil-lar}' extending far beyond eye, its length contained about 2.5 timesin the head. Tongue with a deep notch anteriorh'. A single row ofwidely spaced, enlarged, simple teeth in each jaw, within which is aband of minute teeth. Gill-opening restricted to the sides, the open-ing somewhat greater in w^iclth than base of pectoral fin.A low ridge with a line of large mucous pores extending acrosssnout and backward along side of head below eye; a similar ridgewith its crest of mucous pores extending along lower jaw; anteriorpart of body with a median Literal series of pores. Head and bodynaked except the caudal peduncle which is closely covered with mi-nute, cycloid scales, the area thus protected extending anteriorly, andgrowing narrower is reduced to a point below the middle portion oftlie dorsal fin.Dorsal and anal inserted almost halfway between edge of gill-opening and base of caudal, the dorsal slightly higher than anal, thelongest ray contained about 2.3 times in length of head. Caudalrounded, 1.5 in head. Pectoral rounded, 2 in head. Anterior partof ventrals thickened, the posterior part with weak rays and thinmembrane.Color in spirits, pule brown, finely stippled with dark l^rown
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darker on the. snout and on base of caudal where there is a distinctvertical bar ; fins with small and distinct dark spots.Ti/pe.?Cat No. 02955, U.S.N.M.. described from the type, a speci-men 39 mm. long, from Misaki, Japan. Another specimen, cotype.Cat. No. 21139, Stanford University collection, about half as large,does not appear to differ from the above.(koma, a Japanese word; Koma-inu the name of (me of the twoever-present, dog-like images found in the Shinto temple grounds.)INU AMA, new species.Head 3.3 in length to ba.se of caudal; depth 5.(1; depth caudal pe-duncle 7 ; snout 4 in head ; diameter eye 7 ; width interorbital space 4dorsal 0; anal 10.Body notably short and thickset, the depth somewhat greater thanthe width; caudal peduncle almost as deep as body, and very flat.Head much broader than body, the huge muscles of cheeks and sidesof head bulging outward and upward, forming a ridge across theocciput, and a deep pit, open in front, on the top of head. Eyesplaced high in head, their dorsal rims projecting above contour ofhead; directed considerably upward and forward. Nostrils withrims. Mouth large, the cleft extending far behind eye; lower jaw
NO. ir,88. XEW FI^lIEt^ FROM JAPAN?SNYDER. 609l)rojecting a little beyond the upper; tongue with i\ deep notch.Teeth simple, in bands on both jaws; the outer row distinctly en-larged and widely spaced. Gill-openings restricted to the sides; con-siderably wider than base of the pectoral fin.Skin of head very soft, lying in numerous small wrinkles andfolds; mucous i3ores apparently absent; no papilla? or marked dermalridges; back with a row of minute dermal plica? on each side ofmedian line for a short distance anterior to dorsal fin. Head, back,breast, and abdomen scaleless; i:)Osterior' parts with minute, cycloidscales; the area thus covered diminishing in width anterior to originof dorsal, and narrowing down to a point just behind insertion ofl)ectoral fin.Dorsal and anal inserted opposite each other, their points of originabout midway between bases of pectoral and caudal. Anal somewhathigher than the dorsal, and with a slightly longer base, the rays ofeither not reaching base of caudal when depressed. Caudal roundedposteriorly, its length contained about 2 times in head. Pectoralrounded, about equal in length to caudal. Ventrals with anteriorpart greatly thickened ; rays slender and rather weak ; edges of finnotched, the tips of rays projecting.Color in alcohol, pale brown, the head with minute subdued spotsof a darker color; fins with minute spots.One specimen (type. Cat. No. 6295G, U.S.N.M.), measuring 40 mm.in length, was found in a tidepool at Misaki.This species is to be distinguished at a glance from the precedingby the more robust body which is more closely covered with scales.On close inspection, man}^ lesser differences appear, as the fewerdorsal and anal rays, the absence of conspicuous mucous pores, etc.{ama, Japanese from Ama-inu, a temple image resembling a dog.)Family SOLEID.E.TRULLA ITINA, new species.Head, 5 in length ; depth, 3.0 ; eye, 8 in head ; snout, 3.2 ; dorsal raysabout 1)5; anal, 89; scales in lateral series about 8G.Bod}' sinistral ; long and slender, much like the leaf of a willow orbamboo, the snout rather pointed. Eyes separated by a concave,fleshy isthmus, the width of which equals half the longitudinaldiameter of the e^^e. Mouth nearly symmetrical in shape; rostralhook not extending to a vertical through anterior edge of upper eye
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angle of mouth below posterior part of lower eye; upper lip of blindside double, the inner portion with a distinct fringe on the edge ; noteeth on the left side ; a narrow band of minute teeth on the rightside. Gill opening of right side somewhat wider than that of theleft. A single tubular nostril on left side directly in front of lower
QIQ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxvi.eye ; two nostrils on blind side ; the anterior tubular, the posterior witha large flap.Three lateral lines on the left side; the dorsal one beginning onthe snout and following along the base of the dorsal fin for abouttwo-thirds of the length of the body; the median one originating onthe snout and extending to the tip of tail, sends a short branchupward on the back of head, and another downward across the gillcover tow^ard the ventral fin from where it is continued along the bodynear base of anal and disajjpears at a point below end of dorsal line
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no lateral line on the right side. Scales all ctenoid ; growing smallerin size from the posterior parts toward the head; 12 or 13 scalesbetween the median and dorsal lateral lines near middle of body ; 17between median and lower lines at a point about a head's length be-hind gill-opening, counting upward and forward in each case.Pectorals absent. One ventral j^resent, it being located on themedian line, and separated from the anal.Color of i^reserved specimen light brown, slightly variegated.The species seems to be distinguished by the three lateral lines onleft side, single nostril on left side, and the fringed lip.Type.?Cat. No. G2957, U.S.N.M., a specimen 115 mm. long, fromthe market at Naha, Okinawa.