goals:resourceprotection, research, interpretation, and visi- Scott Miller and Caitlin O’Connell, with data from the lit-
tor use. The sanctuary staff have identified 3 key uses of a erature, museum collections, and specialists, includes more
geographic information system (GIS) that will help achieve than 7,000 records representing more than 2,500 taxa. Some
these goals: site characterization, monitoring, and disaster taxa (e.g., Orthoptera, Coccoidea, and larger Hymenoptera)
preparation.A GIS, in this case, a marine GIS, is a tool that are now relatively well known. However, many taxa, espe-
the sanctuary staff can utilize to map resources and cially those that require specialist collecting, remain very
analyzethe effects of man or nature on the environment of poorly known (e.g., soil fauna, leaf miners). More than 130
the sanctuary. species or subspecies are considered endemic to the islands;
their status and biogeographic patterns are discussed.
Natural History of Mainland and Island Populations of
the DeepWater Elk Kelp (Pelagophycus) (Laminariales, Diversity of the Higher Fungi of Santa Rosa Island
Phaeophyta): How Many Species? Kathy Ann Miller*1, (Channel islands, California): Implications for the Sur-
and HaroldW. Dorr2, department of Biology and Slater vival of Associated Endemic Tree Species. Florence
Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Nishida. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles
Tacoma, WA 98416, (206) 756-3132, 2Mt. Carmel High County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA
School, 9550 Carmel Mountain Road, San Diego, CA 90007, (310) 455-2231.
92129, (619) 484-1180.
The collection of higher fungi representing 39 genera of
The elk kelp, Pelagophycus porra (Leman) Setchell Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes from Santa Rosa Island
(Phaeophyta, Laminariales) is endemic to the coastal wa- in habitats ranging from open pasture land, dry canyons,
ters of southern California and northwestern Baja Califor- wooded canyons, and ridgetops reveals a surprising fungal
nia, Mexico. This species grows at a depth of 20-50 m, of- diversity for an island with very limited forest. Nine out of
ten along the seaward margins of Macrocystis pyrifera beds. 28 terricolous/humicolous basidiomycetous genera are pre-
Suites of morphological characters (stipe and holdfast di- sumed ectomycorrhizae-formers (plant root symbionts) and
mensions, number and texture of blades) are consistently 19 genera are saprophytic. Mycorrhizal fungi have been
correlated with habitat: exposed, rocky substrate on the shown to improve the survival capabilities of associated
mainland vs sheltered, soft substrate on the leeside of the plants growing in stressed conditions. In this survey, they
Channel Islands. These morphs have been recognized as are most abundant and diverse in habitats with the most
separate species in the past, but are currently considered to extensive tree cover. Comparisons of this island’s habitats
be ecological variants of a single, phenotypically plastic in terms of fungal species richness suggest factors which
species. Studies to date have focused exclusively on the bi- influence the success of fungal colonization and fruiting
ology of the “sheltered” morph at Santa Catalina Island. and thus, enhanced survival of oak and pine species. These 1
Our studies of the distribution of Pelagophycus document are presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi, presence of a sub-
extensive beds of the “exposed” morph off the mainland stantial soil-covering leaf litter or woody debris, shallow or
and identify for the first time populations of this morph in terraced slopes, slope direction, and shading by steep can-
the California Channel Islands. Our data on growth rates, yon walls or tree canopy. Potential remedial action to re-
phenology and longevity of the “exposed” morph off Point store plant communities in stressed habitats would include
Loma reveal substantial differences when compared to those efforts to ameliorate conditions for mycorrhizal fungi.
on the “sheltered” morph reported in the literature. While
the latter have been shown to be annuals, we find that the
Point Loma population is composed of perennial plants.We Animal Husbandry on the Three Southernmost Chan-
report inconclusive results from a reciprocal transplant ex- nel Islands: A Preliminary Overview, 1820-1950.
periment and discuss the question: Are the “sheltered” and Penelope G. O’Malley. Channel Island Archives, Santa
“exposed” forms expressions of habitat-specific phenotypic Barbara Museum of Natural History, 6761Wandermere
variation in a single species, or do they represent separate Rd., Malibu, CA 90265, (310) 457-9384.
species?
Study provides comparative analysis of 120 years of ani-
mal husbandry on 3 southernmost Channel Islands Santa
Insects —of the California Channel Islands: Status of Sys- Catalina, San Nicolas and San Clemente.Compared to large
tematic and Biogeographic Knowledge. Scott E. Miller. mainland sheepherding operations, the island industry was
Bishop Museum,Box 19000-A, Honolulu, HI 96817, (808) small, much less professional and mostly established
- when848 4193. the mainland wool industry was in decline. Sheep grazing
on the islands appears not to have developed as a stable
The compilation of a database on insects and related regional economy or to have contributed to the art of wool
arthropods of the California Channel Islands allows the first raising in California.The cattle operation on Santa Catalina,
overview of the entire fauna. The database, compiled by which began in the late 1800s, is perhaps most significant
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