SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 107, NUMBER 15
REPORT ON COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS MADEBY UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICALRESEARCH UNIT NO. 2 IN THEPACIFIC WAR AREA(With Six Plates)
BYLT. ROLLIN H. BAKER, H(S), USNRResearch Division, Bureau of Medicine and SurgeryU. S. Navy, Washington, D. C.
(Publication 3909)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONMARCH 22, 1948

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 107, NUMBER 15
REPORT ON COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS MADEBY UNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICALRESEARCH UNIT NO. 2 IN THEPACIFIC WAR AREA(With Six Plates)
BYLT. ROLLIN H. BAKER, H(S), USNRResearch Division, Bureau of Medicine and SurgeryU. S. Navy, Washingfton, D. C.
Sv^;itJ5:^^:S^< ^
(Publication 3909)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONMARCH 22, 1948
BALTIMORE, MD., C. 6. A.
REPORT ON COLLECTIONS OF BIRDS MADE BYUNITED STATES NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCHUNIT NO. 2 IN THE PACIFIC WAR AREABy Lt. ROLLIN H. BAKER, H(S), USNRResearch DiTnsion, Bureau of Medicine and SurgeryU. S. Navy, Washington, D. C.(With Six Plates)INTRODUCTIONA study of animal life and associated ectoparasites in the Pacificwar area was made by the L.aboratories of Mammalogy and Aca-rolog>% United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2. In thecourse of this study at a number of island groups, land vertebrateswere collected, examined for parasitic life, and made into museumskins for accurate identification. Approximately 1,300 specimens ofbirds were obtained in the period from June 1944 to December 1945,and now are deposited in the United States National Museum, Wash-ington, D. C.Field work was begun in May 1944, when an advance party headedby David H. Johnson and G. W. Wharton, Jr., was sent to theSouthwest Pacific to study mite-borne scrub typhus (tsutsugamushidisease). During their period of duty in this area, they collected atEspiritu Santo (New Hebrides), Bougainville and Guadalcanal(Solomon Islands), Manus, Ponam, and Mussau (Bismarck Archi-pelago), and Samar (Philippine Islands). This party joined the restof the field group in March 1945 at Guam, where laboratories werebeing established. Collections were then made at Guam and Rota(Mariana Islands), Ulithi and Truk (Caroline Islands), PalauIslands. Iwo Jima (X'olcano Islands), and Okinawa (Riu KiuIslands). ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe opportunity to visit the islands and collect specimens as part ofa medical research project was made possible through the interest andsupport of Commodore Thomas M. Rivers, IM(S), USNR, then
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 107, NO. 15
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ID/
commanding officer of United States Naval Medical Research UnitNo. 2, and Capt. James J. Sapero, M(C), USN, formerly executiveofficer of the Unit. Thanks are owed Commander Francis N.Schwentker, M(C), USNR, also a former executive officer, espe-cially for help in procuring collecting equipment. I am indebted toLt. Commander David H. Johnson, H(S), USNR, then officer incharge of the Laboratory of Mammalogy, and to co-workers in thelaboratory: pharmacist's mates Odis A. Muennink, L. P. McElroy,Charles O. Davison, Merle H. Markley, and Walter L. Necker, whosecollections and observations have made this report possible. Thehelp given by Lt. G. W. Wharton, Jr., H(S), USNR, and Lt. (jg)A. B. Hardcastle, H(S), USNR, and their staff of the Laboratoryof Acarology is greatly appreciated. I am very grateful also to themany service people who by their interest and cooperation helped tomake our field trips successful ; these include Harold LeRoy Wilson,Joe T. Marshall, Jr., Charles G. Sibley, W. J. Beecher, John E.Chattin, John M. Fritts, R. K. Carver, Bernard V. Travis, GeorgeS. Mirick, E. W. Coleman, Wilfred Crabb, T. B. Murray, C. K.Dorsey, George Hensel, Louis Posekany, C. L. Harnage, Wilbur G.Downs, and many others. I wish to thank Rear Adm. H. W. Smith,M(C), USN Ret., in charge of the Research Division, Bureau ofMedicine and Surgery, United States Navy, under whose directionthe report was written, and Lt. Commander Mildred R. Lewis,H(W), USNR, and Yeoman Third Class Dolores Kunreuther fortheir help in preparing the manuscript in final form.The writer is indebted to Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary ofthe Smithsonian Institution, for the opportunity to work and utilizethe collections at the United States National Museum. I am verygrateful to Dr. Herbert Friedmann and H. G. Deignan of the Divisionof Birds, U. S. National Museum, for their generous help and advicein preparing this report. I wish to thank also Dr. Ernst Mayr andDean Amadon of the American Museum of Natural History for theopportunity of examining specimens in their charge. Lastly, I wish toacknowledge the help of Stevens Tabone in tlie preparation of someof the maps. LIST OF BIRDSSince collections were made at a number of localities, it seemsadvisable to have separate lists for the different areas. The map.figure I, shows the islands visited by field parties. Where applicable.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER
most of the nomenclature follows Mayr (Birds of the SouthwestPacific, 1945). A majority of the birds have been identified by com-paring them with specimens at the United States National Museum.
Fig. I.—Collecting localities in the Pacific war area.Color terms in quotation marks are those of Ridgway (ColorStandards and Color Nomenclature, 1912). The specimens listed areadults unless designated as juveniles. Weights are given in grams andmeasurements in millimeters.
BIRDS COLLECTED AT ESPIRITU SANTO ISLAND, NEW HEBRIDESThe advance party consisting of Johnson, Wharton, Necker, Muen-nink, Fritts, and Carver spent the period from June 6 to June 20,1944, at Espiritu Santo. Johnson and Necker stopped there againfrom January 25 to January 30, 1945. Birds were collected in thevicinity of Luganville, mostly in old plantation areas.
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ID/PTILINOPUS GREYII BonapartePtilinopus greya Bonaparte, Iconogr. Pigeons, 1857, pi. 20. (Isle of Pines andLoyalty Islands.)Luganville : 13 km. W. by N. of— i male, June 20.COLUMBA VITIENSIS LEOPOLDI (Tristram)lanthaenas leopoldi Tristram, Ibis, 1879, p. 193. (Island of Vate, New-Hebrides.)Luganville: 13 km. W. by N. of— i female, June 20.This pigeon was found in heavy jungle near a stream.CACOMANTIS PYRROPHANUS SCHISTACEIGULARIS SharpeCacomantis schistaceigidaris Sharpe, Ibis, 1900, p. 338. (Espiritu Santo, New-Hebrides.)Luganville: 4 km. NE. by N. of— i unsexed (alcoholic), January26.Birds were observed in old plantation areas. The specimen ob-tained was in molt.CHALCITES LUCIDUS LAYARDI (Mathews)Chrysococcyx layardi Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, vol. i, 1912, p. 16. (New-Caledonia.)Luganville: 4 km. NE. by N. of— i unsexed (alcoholic), January26.This molting bird was shot in an old native garden.RHIPIDURA FULIGINOSA BRENCHLEYI SharpeRhipidura hrenchlcyi Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. AIus., vol. 4, 1879, p. 311. (Anei-teum, New Hebrides.)Luganville: 4 km. NE. by N. of— i unsexed (alcoholic), January26. ARTAMUS LEUCORHYNCHUS TENUIS MayrArtamus leucorhynchus tenuis Mayr, Auk, vol. 60, 1943, p. 268. (Gaua, BanksIsland.)Luganville: 4 km. NE. by E. of— i unsexed, June 19.APLONIS ZELANDICUS RUFIPENNIS LayardAplonis rufipennis Layakd, Ibis, 1881, p. 542. (Vate, New Hebrides.)Luganville: 4 km. NE. bv N. of— i unsexed (alcoholic), January26.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA—BAKER 5ZOSTEROPS FLAVIFRONS BREVICAUDA Murphy and MathewsZosterops flavijrons brevicauda Murphy axd AIathews, Anier. Mus. Novit.,No. 356, 1929, p. 3. (Malo Island, New Hebrides.)Luganville: 4 km. NE. by N. of— i unsexed (alcoholic), January26. BIRDS COLLECTED AT BOUGAINVILLE AND GUADALCANAL,SOLOMON ISLANDSThe field group consisting of Johnson, Wharton, j\luennink,Necker, Fritts, and Carver arrived at Bougainville on June 27, 1944,and remained there, except for short trips, until about January 25,1945. During this time, Japanese forces were in control of most ofthe island and the party was able to collect only in the vicinity ofCape Torokina on Empress Augusta Bay (see fig. 2). Specimenswere taken in lowland jungles, swamps, and on beaches at CapeTorokina and as far south as the Jaba River.Muennink collected at Guadalcanal during the period from Novem-ber II, 1944, to January 6, 1945. Johnson was at the island fromNovember 11 to 16. Collections were made at Lunga Point and atDoma Cove as shown in figure 3.PODICEPS RUFICOLLIS COLLARIS MayrPodiccps ntficollis collaris Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 1294, 1945, p. i.(Bougainville.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i male, September 15.Several dabchicks were seen in a swampy area. The specimen ob-tained has been compared with the type at the American Museum ofNatural History.Measurements of this specimen are: wing 106, exposed culmen 26,and tarsus 36. One set of four eggs was collected from a nest at thefresh-water swamp. The eggs are white with a greenish cast, ovate,and measure 24.6-26.4 (25.5) x 32.9-34.9 (33.8).NYCTICORAX CALEDONICUS MANDIBULARIS Ogilvie-GrantNyciicorax mandibiilaris Ogilvie-Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 203.(Aola, Guadalcanar, Solomon Group.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, i female, October 6,January 10. Gaudalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i juvenile male,January 2.Measurements of Bougainville specimens : adult male, wing 263,exposed culmen 'j2, tarsus 83 ; adult female, wing 267, exposed cul-men 70, tarsus 82.
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
Fig. 2.—Collecting localities on Bougainville Island.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA—BAKERANAS SUPERCILIOSA PELEWENSIS Hartlaub and FinschAnas superciUosa var. pelezvensis Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc.London, 1872, p. 108. (Pelew Islands.)
26.Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, 2 females, JanuaryTwo specimens were in molt when collected.
GuadalcanalSOLOMON ISLANDS
Fig. 3.—Collecting localities on Guadalcanal Island.AVICEDA SUBCRISTATA PROXIMA MayrAviccda suhcristata proxima Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 1294, 1945, p. 10.(Kieta District, Bougainville Island.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina
—
i female, October 17.This specimen has been compared with the type at the AmericanMuseum of Natural History. Muennink shot this hawk in thickunderbrush. HALIASTUR INDUS GIRRENERA (Vieillot)Haliactits girrcucra Vieillot, Gal. Ois., vol. i, 1822, p. 31, pi. 10. (India, Bengal,Pondichery, Coromandel, and Malabar, also New Holland according toLatham. Restricted type locality, New South Wales [the plate representsthe Australian form].)Guadalcanal Island : Doma Cove
—
i female, December 14.
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/ACCIPITER NOVAEHOLLANDIAE BOUGAINVILLEI (Rothschildand Hartert)Astur etorqucs hongainviUci Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 12,1905, p. 250. (Bougainville Island.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—2 juvenile males, August 10,14.One bird was in postjuvenal molt when taken.
ACCIPITER NOVAEHOLLANDIAE PULCHELLUS (Ramsay)Astur pulchellns Ramsay, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 16, 1881, p. 131. (CapePitt, Solomon Islands, ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 4, pt. i,1879, p. 66.)Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i juvenile male, i juvenileunsexed, December 20, January i.
ACCIPITER ALBOGULARIS G. R. GrayAccipitcr albogiilaris G. R. Gray, Ann. and Alag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. 5, 1870,P- 327. ("Hada or Recherche Bay," San Cristoval.)Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove—-i female, 2 juvenile males,December 20, 27, January i.The female is in dark phase, with light coloring present only onthe inner webs of wing feathers. This bird was molting body feathers.MEGAPODIUS FREYCINET EREMITA HartlaubMcgapodiiis eremita Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867 (18O8), p. 830.(Echiquier Island = Ninigo Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—2 females, July 30, October16. Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i male, November 17; LungaPoint— I unsexed, December 26.TURNIX MACULOSA SALOMONIS MayrTuniix maculosa salomonis Mayr, Amer. AIus. Novit., No. 1007, 1938, p. 3.(Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point -i juvenile female, November30-This specimen has been noted by Beecher (Fieldiana, Zoology, vol.31, 1945, p. 35). It was taken by Muennink in a grassy opening usedas a recreation area by service personnel.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA liAKliK 9POLIOLIMNAS CINEREUS LEUCOPHRYS (Gould)Porzana Icucophrys Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1847, p. i2i- (PortEssington and northern Australia.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i male, September 15,This single specimen has been compared with the large series ofrails in the collection of the American Museum of Natural Historyand appears to belong to the race P. c. Icucophrys. It is similar tobirds of this race from New Guinea and New Britain in coloring ofthe upper parts and in ventral coloration except that the under tail-coverts and sides are darker brown than in most of these individuals,and the occiput has a more brownish-olive tinge. The measurementsof the bird are : wing 95, tail 52, exposed culmen 23.5, tarsus 36.This bird differs from examples of the race P. c. mccki (Hartert),from St. Matthias Island, in being much paler below and having alonger bill. It is darker and larger than a male from Samoa of therace P. c. tannensis (Forster).To my knowledge this is the first record from the Solomon Islandsof this widely distributed species. It was taken by Necker at a fresh-water swamp, where rails and dabchicks also were observed.PLUVIALIS DOMINICA FULVA (Gmelin)Charadrius fiilvus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 687. (Tahiti.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, i female, January10; Jaba River— i male, 2 females, September 26, 27.Birds taken in September were in breeding plumage. Beginningin September shore birds were seen in large numbers ; they were onbeaches and air strips.CHARADRIUS LESCHENAULTII LessonCharadrius Leschenaultii Lesson, Diet. Sci. Nat., ed. Levrault, vol. 42, 1826,p. 36. (Pondichery, India.)Bougainville Island : Jaba River— i female, September 26,The specimen is in winter plumage.ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnaeus)Tringa Hypoleucos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 149. (Europe, re-stricted type locality, Sweden.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i female, i unsexed, Janu-ary 10; Jaba River— i female, September 26. Guadalcanal Island:Doma Cove— i female, December 10.
10 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANF.OUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO7HETEROSCELUS INCANUS BREVIPES (Vieillot)Totaniis brevipes Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 6, 1816, p. 410. (Nolocality given; the type is from Timor.)Bougainville Island : Jaba River— i juvenile male, September 26.
CALIDRIS ACUMINATA (Horsfield)Totanns acuminaliis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, pt. i, 1821,p. 192. (Java.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina^— i juvenile male, NovemberI ; Reini River— i female (skeleton), October 23.STERNA HIRUNDO LONGIPENNIS NordmannSterna longipennis Nordmann, in Erman's Verz. Thier. Pflanz., 1835, p. 17.(Mouth of the Kutchui River, Sea of Okhotsk.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, January 10.
ANOUS TENUIROSTRIS MINUTUS BoleAnous minutus Boie, Isis, 1844, col. 188. (Nev^? Holland = Raine Island, Aus-tralia, apud Mathews.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i female, January 10.The bird was in postjuvenal molt when taken.
PTILINOPUS SUPERBUS SUPERBUS (Temminck)Culmnha Supcrba Temminck, in Knip, Les Pigeons, 1810, les colombes, p. 75,pl- 33- ("0-Taiti," error = Halmahera.)Guadalcanal Island : Lunga Point— i male, 3 juvenile females,November 16, 22, 24.
PTILINOPUS VIRIDIS LEWISII (Ramsay)Ptilopns Lewisii Ramsay, Nature, vol. 25, January 19, 1882, p. 282. (SolomonIslands = Lango, Guadakanar ex Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol.6, March 1882, p. 724.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—2 males, October 20, 26;Jaba River— i male, September 26. Guadalcanal Island : LungaPoint—2 males, i female, i juvenile male, November 21, 22, Decem-ber 17.
NO. 15 lURDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER IIDUCULA RUBRICERA RUFIGULA (Salvador!)Carpophaga rufigiila Salvadori, Atti R. Acad. Sci. Torino, vol. 13, 1878, p.536. (Wanga, San Cristobal Island, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—2 males, i female, August28, October 18, 27. Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point—3 males,I female, November 14, 21, 22; Doma Cove—2 females, January 6.Specimens collected in October, November, and January weremolting body and wing feathers.DUCULA PISTRINARIA PISTRINARIA BonaparteDiicnla pistrinaria Bonaparte, Consp. Av., vol. 2, 1855, p. ^6. (St. George,Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—2 males, August 23, October27-
_The birds were molting body feathers when collected.MACROPYGIA MACKINLAYI AROSSI TristramMacropygia arossi Tristram, Ibis, October 1879, p. 443. (Makira Harbor,San Cristobal Island.)Bougainville Island: Jaba River— i female, August 30. Guadal-canal Island : Doma Cove— i female, December 14.CHALCOPHAPS STEPHANI MORTONI RamsayChalcophaps mortoni Ramsay, Nature, vol. 25, Jan. ig, 1882, p. 282. (SolomonIslands.) Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 6, March 1882, p. 725.(Ugi, Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island : Doma Cove— i female, December 6,CALOENAS NICOBARICA NICOBARICA (Linnaeus)Cohimba nicobarica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 164. ("insulaNicombar prope Pegu n;(//c?nn" = Nicobar Islands.)Guadalcanal Island : Doma Cove— i male, i female, December 10.The two birds were shot by Muennink in a grove of large trees.EOS CARDINALIS (G. R. Gray)Lorius cardinalis G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, vol. 3, 1849, app., p. 20. (SolomonIslands, based on Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, Ois., pi. 24 bis, fig. 2.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—4 males, 6 females, August28, September 11, 21, 22, October i, 12, 18, 20, 25. GuadalcanalIsland : Lunga Point— i male, November 14.
12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. lO"/
Birds collected in September, October, and November were in molt.Wing length of males 1 71-176 (173), females 1 71-183 (176).
TRICHOGLOSSUS HAEMATOD MASSENA BonaparteTrichoglossus masscna Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 6, 1854, p.157. ("Ins. Polynesiae," the type agrees with specimens from NewHebrides, fide Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 32, 1925, p. 123.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, October 19. Guadal-canal Island: Lnnga Point—3 males, 2 females, November 14, 15,22, 27 ; Doma Cove— i female, January 2.These specimens appear to be T. h. massena, as suggested by Mayr(Birds of the Southwest Pacific, 1945, p. 230). They compare favor-ably with a bird of this race from the New Hebrides. Birds from theAdmiralty Islands, T. h. flavicans Cabanis and Reichenow, havelighter upperparts than the birds from the Solomon Islands.Wing lengths of three adult males (Guadalcanal) 1 26-1 31 (129),one male (Bougainville) 135, three adult females (Guadalcanal)121-125 (123). Length of exposed culmen without cere of five adults18. 1-20. 1 (18.9). Birds taken in November and January were in molt.
LORIUS CHLOROCERCUS GouldLorius chlorocercus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 137. (San Cristo-bal, Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island : Doma Cove—2 males, 2 females, December16, 17, 27.Two of the birds were in molt when collected.
VINI MARGARETHAE (Tristram)Charmosyna margarefJtae Tristram, Ibis, 1879, p. 442, pi. 12. (Makira Harbor,San Cristobal, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i female, October 19. Gua-dalcanal Island: Lunga Point—3 males, i female, November 15, 16,27. MICROPSITTA FINSCHII NANINA (Tristram)Nasiterna nanina Tristram, Ibis, 1891, p. 608. (Bugotu, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i male, October 8.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THi: PACIFIC \^AR AREA BAKER I3CACATUA DUCROPS (Bonaparte)Plyctolophiis DuCrops "Hombron et Jacquinot" Bonaparte. Compt. Rend.Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 30, 1850, p. 138, ex Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, Ois., pi. 26,fig. I. (Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—4 males, i female, August15, September 7, 18, 20. Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i un-sexed, January 4.LARIUS RORATUS SOLOMONENSIS (Rothschild and Hartert)Eclectus pcctoralis solomoncnsis Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 8,1901, p. 81. (Fauro, Shortland Group.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—4 males, 2 females, August31, October 13, 14, 20. 26. Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove—
2
males. December 12, 26; Lunga Point— i male, i female, November24. Wing Tail Exposed culmcn3 males (Gnadalcanal) . . . 232-237 (233) 110-I15 (113) 36.9-38.1 (37-2)4 males (Bougainville).. 236-242 (239) I12-119 (116) 41.0-41.8 (41-2)Birds from Bougainville appear larger than those from Guadalcanal,especially in length of exposed culmen. This seems to be a slighttendency toward Lariits roratus goodsoni Hartert of the AdmiraltyIslands, which has a larger bill.Seven of the birds taken in October, November, and Decemberwere molting body feathers and wing feathers.CACOMANTIS VARIOLOSUS ADDENDUS Rothschild and HartertCacomanlis addoulus Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 8, 1901, p. 185.Kulambangra, Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i juvenile unsexed, January 4.CHALCITES LUCIDUS LUCIDUS (Gmelin)Cnculus Incidus Gjielin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, p(. i, 1788, p. 421. {"in nuva Sco-landia" ^ New Zealand.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, September 5.EUDYNAMIS SCOLOPACEA ALBERTI Rothschild and HartertEudynamis oricnfalis albcrti Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 14,1907, p. 440. (Gizo, Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i juvenile male, December 26.The specimen was in postjuvenal molt.
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07CENTROPUS MILO MILO GouldCentrapus inilo Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 136. (Guadalcanar,Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i male, i juvenile male, No-vember 20; Doma Cove— i female, December 13,Adult birds were molting wing and body feathers.NINOX JACQUINOTI EICHHORNI (Hartert)Spiloglaiix jacquinoti eichhorni Hartert, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 364, 1929,p. 7. (Choiseul, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i female, October 26.COLLOCALIA VANIKORENSIS VANIKORENSIS (Quoy and Gaimard)Hirundo vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., vol. i, 1830,p. 206, Atlas, Ois., pi. 12, fig. 3. (lie vanikoro.)Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i female, January i.HEMIPROCNE MYSTACEA WOODFORDIANA (Hartert)Macropteryx mystacea zvoodfordiana Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 3, 1896, p. 19.(Guadalcanar.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i nestling (alcoholic), No-vember 3. CEYX LEPIDUS PALLIDUS MayrCeyx lepidus pallidus Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 820, 1935, p. 2. (Bougain-ville, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, August 30.HALCYON CHLORIS ALBERTI Rothschild and HartertHalcyon tristrami alberti Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 12, 1905,p. 256. (Kulambangra, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i male, 2 females, i ju-venile female, July 28, 30, October 26, 27. Guadalcanal Island : DomaCove— I female, December 30.The female from Guadalcanal has a deeper ochraceous coloringon the collar, malar stripe, and in the supra-loral region, and has moreblue and less green on the upperparts than the females from Bou-gainville,
NO. 15 EIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 1
5
HALCYON SANCTA subsp. (Probably SANCTA Vigors and Horsfield.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i juvenile male, September26; Jaba River— i male, i juvenile female, September 17, 26.These specimens apparently belong to the race Halcyon s. sancta,which Mathews (Systema Avium Australasianarum, pt. i, 1927,p. 379) lists as wintering in the Solomons.HALCYON LEUCOPYGIA (Verreaux)Cyanalcyon Icucopygius Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 10, 1858,p. 305. (Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—2 males, 3 females, i juve-nile female, July 28, September 11, October 12, 17, 20, 25. Guadal-canal Island: Doma Cove—2 females, i juvenile male, December12, 26, 30.Measurements of adult females from the two islands are similar:wing 87-89, tail 61-64, bill from nostril 34-35. An egg found in theoviduct of a female taken on October 17 is white, oval, and measures28.5x25.1. Birds taken in July and September were molting bodyfeathers. EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS SOLOMONENSIS SharpeEurystomus solomoncnsis Sharpe. Proc. Zool. See. London, 1890, p. 552. (Sol-omon Islands.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—3 males, 2 females, i juve-nile female, i nestling (alcoholic), July 27, August 22, 28, September5, October 8, November i. Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point-—
i
male, i female, November 17; Doma Cove— i female, i juvenilefemale, December 30, January 5.Measurements of these specimens are within the range of thoselisted by Ripley (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 55, 1942, p. 174).The wing lengths of birds from Bougainville is slightly greater thanthose of birds from Guadalcanal. The nestling was taken on August31. A female collected July 27 contained 4 large eggs. Molting birdswere collected in July, August, and December.RHYTICEROS PLICATUS MENDANAE HartertRhyticcros pUcatus mei danae Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 45, 1924,p. 46. (Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island : Lunga Point— i male, 2 females, November23 ; Doma Cove— i female, December 10.Hornbills appeared to be less common at Bougainville than atGuadalcanal. The specimens were in molt when collected.
l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07EDOLISOMA HOLOPOLIUM HOLOPOLIUM (Sharpe)Graucaliis holopol'ms Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 184. (Aola,Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—2 males, October 12, 27.Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove— i female, December 13.The measurements of the wings of the two males (115, 118) arewithin the limits of the series studied by Mayr (Amer. Mus. Novit.,No. 504, 1 93 1, p. 17). All the specimens were in molt when collected.EDOLISOMA TENUIROSTRE SATURATIUS Rothschild and HartertEdolisoma crythropygium satitraiiits Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool.,vol. 9, 1902, p. 582. (Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i juvenile male, October 28.One specimen in postjuvenal molt was taken.EDOLISOMA TENUIROSTRE ERYTHROPYGIUM SharpeEdolisoma crythropygium Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 184. (Gua-dalcanar, Solomon Group.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point—2 females, November 16, 20;Doma Cove—2 unsexed juveniles, January 2.CORACINA LINEATA NIGRIFRONS (Tristram)Granccdus nigrifrons Tristram, Ibis, 1892, p. 294. (Bugotu, Ysabel Island.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i female, October 12.CORACINA LINEATA SOLOMONENSIS (Ramsay)Grancalus solomonensis Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 4,1879, p. 314. (Guadalcanar, Solomon Group.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i male, November 14; DomaCove— I juvenile male, December 12.The birds were in molt when collected.CORACINA PAPUENSIS PERPALLIDA Rothschild and HartertCoracina papuensis perpaUida Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 23,1 91 6, p. 290. (Bougainville Island.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—3 males, August 31, October26, 27; Jaba River— i male, September 26.The birds were in molt when collected.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 1
7
CORACINA PAPUENSIS ELEGANS (Ramsay)Craucahis clcyans Ramsav, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 6, 1881,p. 176. (Guadalcanar Island.)Guadalcanal Island : Lunga Point— i male, i unsexed juvenile,November 20, 27; Doma Cove— i male, December 12.All specimens were in molt when collected.CORACINA NOVAEHOLLANDIAE MELANGES (Latham)Corvui melanops Latham, Index Ornith., Siippl., 1801, p. XXIV. (New Hol-land = Sidney, New South Wales.)Bougainville Island: Jaba River— i juvenile male, August 31.GYMNORHINA TIBICEN subsp.Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i juvenile female, November30-This juvenile specimen has been recorded by Beecher (Fieldiana.Zoology, vol. 3, 1945, p. 36). He considers an adult, which wascollected from the same locality, to be near Gymnorhina tibicen tibicen(Latham). This immature may have been an imported captive birdsince it has a growth on its right foot which resembles bumblefoot,a disease often found in caged birds.CORVUS MEEKI RothschildCorvus mecki Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 15, 1904, p. 21. (Bougain-ville Island.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i female, October 16.RHIPIDURA COCKERELLI SEPTENTRIONALIS Rothschild and HartertRhipidura cockerelli septcntrionalis Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn.Club, vol. 36, 1916, p. 73. (Bougainville.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina— i male, August 31.RHIPIDURA COCKERELLI COCKERELLI (Ramsay)Sauloprocta cockerelli Ramsay, Nature, vol. 20, June 5, 1879, p. 125; Proc.Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 4, pt. i, 1879, p. 81. (Lango, Guadal-canar, Solomon Group.)Guadalcanal Island: Doma Cove—2 males, i female, i unsexed,December 17, 20, 22.
l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07RHIPIDURA LEUCOPHRYS MELALEUCA (Quoy and Gaimard)Mtiscipcta mclalcuca Quoy and Gaimaru, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., vol. i, 1830,p. 180; Atlas, Ois., pi. 4, fig. 3. ("Havre carteret," New Ireland.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—2 males, September 17;Jaba River— i unsexed, September 26.A nest containing one egg was found on September 11.MONARCHA CASTANEIVENTRIS ERYTHROSTICTA (Sharpe)Pomarca erythrosticta Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1888, p. 185. (Fauro,Solomon Group.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, October 19.MONARCHA CASTANEIVENTRIS CASTANEIVENTRIS VerreauxMonarcha castaneiventris Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1858, p. 304. (I'ileSamoa = Solomon Islands, ex Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 9,1902, p. 583.)Guadalcanal Island : Lunga Point—3 males, i female, November21, 24, 27; Doma Cove— i male, December 22.One specimen taken in December was molting wing feathers.MONARCHA BARBATA BARBATA RamsayMonarcha barbata Ramsay, Nature, vol. 20, 1879, p. 125. ("Guadalcana" =Guadalcanal.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, October 5. Guadal-canal Island : Doma Cove— i male, December 27.MYIAGRA FERROCYANEA CINEREA (Mathews)Submyiagra jerrocyanea cincrea Mathews, Nov. Zool., vol. 34, 1928, p. 2)7i-(Bougainville Island.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, i female, Septem-ber 17, October 31 ; Jaba River— i female, August 31.MYIAGRA FERROCYANEA FERROCYANEA RamsayMyiayra jerrocyanea Ramsay, Nature, vol. 20, 1879, p. 125; Proc. Linn. Soc.New South Wales, vol. 4, pt. i, 1879, p. 78. (Guadalcanar, SolomonIslands.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i male, November 16; DotnaCove—2 males, December 13.The wing length of these three males from Guadalcanal is 65-66
;
that of one male of M. f. cinerea from Bougainville is 70.The bird taken in November was moltine tail feathers.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER I9PACHYCEPHALA PECTORALIS BOUGAINVILLEI MayrPachycephala pcctoralis bougainznilei Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 522, 1932,p. 10. (Bougainville Island, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina— i male, October 29.PACHYCEPHALA PECTORALIS CINNAMOMEA (Ramsay)Pseudorectes clnnamoineum Ramsay, Nature, vol. 20, 1879, p. 125. ("Guadal-cana" = Guadalcanar.)Guadalcanal Island : Doma Cove—5 males, i female, i unsexed(male?), December 6, 12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 27.APLONIS CANTOROIDES (G. R. Gray)Caloniis cantoroides G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861 (1862), p. 431.(Mysol Island.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—2 females, i juvenile female,July 30, September 6, 14; Jaba River— i male, September 26. Gua-dalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i female, November 22; Doma Cove
— I juvenile male, December 10.APLONIS GRANDIS GRANDIS (Salvadori)Lamprocorax grandis Salvador:, Ornith. Pap. e. Mol., vol. 2, 1881, p. 460, newname for Lamprotornis jnlvipennis Pucheran, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., vol. 3,1853, p. 81, Ysabel Island, Solomon Islands, {nee Swainson, Anim. Menag.1837, p. 298.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—5 males, 4 females, Sep-tember 5, 14, 16, October 21, 25, 26, November i.Many of the specimens collected were in molt.APLONIS GRANDIS MACRURUS MayrAplonis grandis macrura Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 504, 1931, p. 21. (Gua-dalcanar Island. British Solomon Islands.)Guadalcanal Island : Lunga Point—2 males, 2 females, November16.
Aplonis grandis grandis: Wing Tail5 males 139-147 (i43) 101-109 (105)4 females 132-135 ( I34) 93- 99 (97)Aplonis grandis macrurus:2 males 141-144 (142) 106-112 (109)2 females 127-133 (130) 102-103 (102.5)
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/The measurements of these specimens bear out the findings of INIayr(Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 504, 1931, p. 21). The character, used byMayr, of the feathers of the throat being broader and shorter inA. g. inacrurus as compared with A. g. grandis is discernible but notconspicuous. Specimens were in molt when collected.
APLONIS METALLICUS NITIDUS (G. R. Gray)Calornls nitida G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 181. (NewIreland.)Bougainville Island: Jaba River— i male, i juvenile female,August 31. Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point—2 males, 3 juvenilemales, November 14, 16, 20, 22 ; Doma Cove— i juvenile female,I unsexed, January 5.The adult male from Bougainville has a deep coppery sheen on thehead, mantle, throat, and upper breast. Short, fine feathers coverthe nostril. The juvenile from this same island had a copper sheen onthe head and, to a slight extent, on the mantle. Below, the throat isfinely streaked and the breast, belly, and sides more heavily streaked.The midportion of the belly is yellowish white. These two birds havea gloss different from that on birds taken at Guadalcanal, but in com-parison with a large series at the American Museum of NaturalHistory, it is evident that there is considerable variation in the colora-tion of these birds.Two birds taken in January were in molt.
MINO DUMONTII KREFFTI (Sclater)Gracula kreffti Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869, p. 120, pi. 9. (SolomonIslands.)Bougainville Island : Cape Torokina—3 males, 3 females, July 29,August 8, September 8, October 25, 26.Specimens collected in July, August, and September were in molt.MINO DUMONTII SANFORDI HartertMitto dumontii sanfordii Hartert, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 364, 1929, p. 18.(Guadalcanar Island.)Guadalcanal Island : Lunga Point—-i male, i female, November17; Doma Cove— i juvenile unsexed, December 17.Birds taken in November were molting wing and body feathers.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 21MYZOMELA LAFARGEI LAFARGEI PucheranMycomela lafargci Pucheran, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., vol. 3, 1853, p. 98. (YsabelIsland.)BougainAJlIe Island: Cape Torokina— i male, i juvenile male,October 14, 26.MYZOMELA MELANOCEPHALA (Ramsay)Ciiinyris mclanocephahis Ramsay, Nature, vol. 20, June 5, 1879, p. 125 ("Gua-dalcana" = Guadalcanal.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point—2 males, November 14, 15;Doma Cove—^i male, December 15.All specimens were in molt when collected.NECTARINIA JUGULARIS FLAVIGASTER GouldNcctarinia flavigastra Goui.d, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 104. (NewIreland.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i male, 2 unsexed (femaleplumage), November 15, 16, 20.DICAEUM AENEUM BECKI HartertDicacum acncum bccki Hartert, Anier. AIus. Novit., No. 364, 1929, p. 9. (Gua-dalcanar.)Guadalcanal Island: Lunga Point— i unsexed (alcoholic), Novem-ber 17; Doma Cove— i unsexed, December 24.DICAEUM AENEUM AENEUM PucheranDicacum acncum Pucheran, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., vol. 3, 1853, p. 97. ("SanJorge" = St. George Island, Solomon Islands.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—4 males, i female, i juvenilemale, September it, 19, October 20, 21, 31, November i.ZOSTEROPS METCALFEI EXIGUA MurphyZosterops mctcaljei exigua Murphy, Amer. Mus. Novit, No. 365, 1929, p. 5.(Shortland Island, Solomon Group.)Bougainville Island: Cape Torokina—3 males, 3 females, Sep-tember 14, October 25, 26, 31.One bird taken in October was in molt.
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
BIRDS COLLECTED IN THE BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGOManus and Ponam in tlie Admiralty Islands were visited by John-son from August 13 to August 24, 1944. He also collected in theSt. Matthias Islands, visiting Mussau Island on August 25.PTILINOPUS SOLOMONENSIS JOHANNIS (Sclater)Ptilopus johannis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, P- SS*-'. (Wild andD'Entrecasteaux Islands, Admiralty Islands.)Admiralty Islands: Ponam Islet (north of Manus Island)—
i
female, August 13.This bird has been compared with specimens in the collection at theAmerican Museum of Natural History.TRICHOGLOSSUS HAEMATOD FLAVICANS Cabanis and ReichenowTriclioglossns flavicans Cabanis and Reichenow, Sitzungsb. Ges. Naturf.Freunde Berlin, 1876, p. 73. (New Hanover.)Admiralty Islands: Ponam Islet (north of Manus Island)—I male, August 13.The specimen was molting body feathers when collected.EDOLISOMA TENUIROSTRE ADMIRALITATIS Rothschild and HartertEdolisoma amboincnse adniiralitatis Rothschild and Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn.Club, vol. 33, 1914, p. 108. (Admiralty Islands.)Admiralty Islands : Manus Island—Lorengau, i male, i unsexed,August 18, 19.The two birds were in molt when collected.APLONIS METALLICUS NITIDUS (G. R. Gray)Calornis nitida G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 181. (NewIreland.)St. Matthias Islands: Mussau Island—Schadel Bay, i male,August 25. MYZOMELA NIGRITA HADES MeiseMyzomela nigrita hades Meise, Ornith. Monatsb., vol. 27, 1929, p. 84. (St.Matthias Islands.)St. Matthias Islands : Mussau Island—Schadel Bay, i female,August 25.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 23MYZOMELA NIGRITA PAMMELAENA SclaterMysomcla pammelaena Sci.ater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877, p. 553. (Ad-miralty Islands.)Admiralty Islands: Ponam Islet (north of Manus Island)—
i
unsexed (alcoholic), August 13.
BIRDS COLLECTED AT SAMAR, PHILIPPINE ISLANDSThe party of Johnson, Wharton, Muennink, Necker, Fritts, andCarver was attached to the United States Naval Station at Guiuan,Samar Island, during the period from February 28 to March 20, 1945.Guiuan is located near the end of a narrow peninsula extending fromthe southeastern part of the island. The region where birds werecollected consists of forested country broken by outcroppings ofrough coral rock. Much of the area is planted with coconut palmsand contains brushy undercover.BUTASTUR INDICUS (Graelin)Falco indicns Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i. pt. i, 1788, p. 264. (Java, ex Latham.)
I juvenile male, i female, March 5, 18.GALLUS GALLUS GALLUS (Linnaeus)Phasianus Callus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 158. ("Indiaorientali, Pouli candor etc." Restricted tyijc locality, Island of Pulo Condor,off the mouths of the Mekong.)
I female, March 8.PHAPITRERON LEUCOTIS ALBIFRONS McGregorPhapitreron albijrons McGregor, Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 2, sect. A, 1907, p.317. (Tagbilaran, Bohol, Philippine Islands.)
1 male, March 14.This specimen has been compared with birds from Samar andBohol including the type of P. samarensis Mearns, which has beenassigned to this race by Peters (Checklist Birds of the World, vol. 3,1937, p. 24). CENTROPUS VIRIDIS VIRIDIS (Scopoli)Cuhiilus vir'ulis Scopoi.i, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 89. (An-tigua, Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.)2 males, March 7, 17.Birds were found in brushy vegetation.
24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07COLLOCALIA TROGLODYTES G. R. GrayCollocalia troglodytes G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, vol. i, 1845, p. [55] (nomennudum), col. pi. XIX. (No locality =: Philippine Islands.)2 males, March 12.Swiftlets were abundant in the vicinity of Gniuan.HALCYON SMYRNENSIS GULARIS (Kuhl)Alccdo Gnlaris Kuhl, Buffoni et Daubentoni Fig. Av. Col. Norn. Syst., 1820,p. 4. (Madagascar, ex PI. Col., No. 232, error = Philippine Islands.)
I female, JMarch 12.This kingfisher was apparently rare at Guiuan ; only this one birdwas seen. HALCYON CHLORIS COLLARIS (Scopoli)Alccdo collaris Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 90. (Nolocality = Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat, Voyage a la Nouvelle Guinee,1776, p. ()7, pl- ?,d>'< restricted to Manila, Island of Luzon, by Oberholser,1919.)6 males, 3 females, February 27, March i, 5, 6, 9, 18.This kingfisher was rather numerous in the vicinity of Guiuan.EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS ORIENTALIS (Linnaeus)Coracias orientalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 159. ("Indiaoricntali" = Java, apud Stresemann.)
I male, i female, March 11, 12.ORIOLUS CHINENSIS CHINENSIS LinnaeusOriolus chinensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 160. (China.)2 males, i female, March 3, 5, 18.Small groups of these birds were found in coconut groves.CORVUS CORONOIDES PHILIPPINUS BonaparteCorvus philippinus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 2)7t 1853,p. 830. (Philippine Islands.)2 males, March 2, 18.Crows were frequentl\- observed in the forested areas and alongthe air strip at Guiuan,
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA HAKKR 25MICROSCELIS GULARIS GULARIS (Pucheran)Philemon gularis Pucheran, in "Cuvier," Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 7, 1855,p. 344, pi. 18. (China, error = Luzon.)2 males, 2 females, March 6, 8, 14.Birds were found in brushy undercover in the coconut groves.PYCNONOTUS GOIAVIER GOIAVIER (Scopoli)Aliiscicapa goiavicr Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 96.(Manila, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.)3 males, i female, March i, 3, 14.Birds were numerous in brushy areas.HYPOTHYMIS AZUREA AZUREA (Boddaert)Muscicapa azurea Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, p. 41. (Philippine Islands, exDaubenton, restricted type locality, Luzon, Peters, 1939.)
1 male, March 6.LANIUS CRISTATITS LUCIONENSIS LinnaeusLaniiis lucionensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 135. (InsulaLucionensi := Luzon.)2 juvenile males, i juvenile female, March 6, 14, 18.NECTARINIA JUGULARIS JUGULARIS (Linnaeus)Certhia jugularis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 185. ("In Philippinis" =:Philippine Islands.)2 males, i female, March 9, 14.Birds were found in the mangrove swamps.BIRDS COLLECTED AT OKINAWA, RIU KIU ISLANDSA party from the Unit went to Okinawa with the invasion forces,landing on the island on April 13, 1945. Markley represented theLaboratory of Mammalogy and worked with Hardcastle and Pose-kany of the Laboratory of Acarology on field studies. Collectionswere made by Markley chiefly in the region of Nago (see fig. 4).Specimens were often obtained under hazardous conditions duringthe fighting between American and Japanese forces. Markley re-turned to Guam on June 15. Muennink went to Okinawa on July 15and was joined by Johnson on August 30. Most of the birds collectedby Johnson and Muennink were taken in the northern and centralparts of the island. A few off-shore islets were also visited. Theyreturned to Guam on October 2,
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
Fig. 4.—Collecting localities on Okinawa.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 27BUTORIDES STRIATUS AMURENSIS SchrenckArdca (Butorides) viresccns var. a}niirensis Schrenck, Reise Amur Lande, vol.I, pt. 2, i860, p. 441. (Amurland.)Hentona— i female, September ii.Birds were observed in trees along rocky streams.EGRETTA GARZETTA GARZETTA (Linnaeus)Ardca Gar::ctta Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 237. ("Oriente," exBrisson.)Heianza Shima— i female, August 2.Tlie specimen was molting wing feathers when shot.DEMIGRETTA SACRA SACRA (Gmelin)Ardea sacra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 640. (Tahiti.)Heianza Shima— i unsexed juvenile (gray phase), August 4;Benoki— i female (gray phase), September 26.Birds in both gray and white phase were seen on beaches.IXOBRYCHUS SINENSIS SINENSIS (Gmelin)Ardea Sinensis Gmei.in, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 642. ("Sina = China.)Hentona— i male, i juvenile male, August 9, 31.IXOBRYCHUS CINNAMOMEUS (Gmelin)Ardea cinnamomea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 643. ("Sina"=:China.)Nago— I male, May 2; Kashuren-Wan— i male, June 7; Hen-tona—2 males, i juvenile male, August 17, 31, September 19.The birds were collected in rice fields. They were more abundantthan /. s. sinensis.ANAS POECILORHYNCHA ZONORHYNCHA SwinhoeAnas zonorhyncJia Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 394. (Ningpo, China.)Hentona— i male, August 13.TURNIX SUSCITATOR OKINAVENSIS PhillipsTurntx suscitator okinavensis Phillips, Auk, vol. 64, 1947, p. 126. (Okinawa,Riu Kiu Islands.)Kashuren-Wan— i male, June 7.The characters of this specimen agree with those used by Phillipsin his recent description of the button quail from the southern and
28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/
central Riu Kiu Islands. In comparison with male birds of the sub-species T. s. blakistoiii from Tonkin (September) and from Cochin-china (March), this male from Okinawa is paler with fewer blackmarkings on the upper parts and breast, and has a slightly shorterwing and a slightly shorter and heavier bill.Markley observed cjuail in open grasslands, in fallow fields, and atthe edges of deserted villages. The specimen obtained was molting itswing feathers. GALLINULA CHLOROPUS INDICA BlythGallinula chloropus ? var. Indictis Blyth, Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. ii,1842, p. 887. (Calcutta.)Nago— I male, i female, May 5 ; Heianza Shima— i male, AugustI ; Hentona— i male, i female, 4 juvenile males, 2 juvenile females,August 13, 31-Gallinules were collected in rice fields. Specimens resemble closelybirds from China, Siam, and India.ROSTRATULA BENGHALENSIS BENGHALENSIS (Linnaeus)Rallus henghalensis Linxakus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 153. (Asia.)Takeasu— i female, May 15.This bird was collected by B. V. Travis in a rice paddy.CHARADRIUS LESCHENAULTII LessonCharadrins Leschenaidtii Lesson, Diet. Sci. Nat., ed. Levrault, vol. 42, 1826, p.36. (Pondichery, India.)Heianza Shima— i male, i female, July 30.NUMENIUS ARQUATA ORIENTALIS C. L. BrehmNninenlns oricnlalis C. L. Brehm, Handb. Naturg. Vogel Deutschl., 1831, p.610. (East Indies.)Heianza Shima— i female, August 2.TRINGA NEBULARIA (Gunnerus)Scolopax nebidaria Gunnerus, in Leem. Beskr. Finni. Lapper, 1767, p. 251(District of Trondhjem, Norway.)Heianza Shima— i male, July 31.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 29ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnaeus)Triiiga Hypoleucos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,restricted type locality, Sweden.)Hentona— i male, i female, August 24, September 3.HETEROSCELUS INCANUS BREVIPES (Vieillot)Totanus hrevlpes Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 6, 1816, p. 410. (Nolocality given; the type is from Timor.)Chuda— I male, i female, May 5 ; Heianza Shima— i female, July30 ; Hentona— i female, i unsexed, September 8.The birds collected in May and July are in nuptial phmiage. Thebirds taken in September are in winter plumage.GALLINAGO MEGALA SwinhoeGallinago mcgala Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 343. (Between Takoo and Peking,China.)Hentona— i male, 3 females, August 9, 31.Birds were collected in rice fields.STERNA ALBIFRONS SINENSIS GmelinSterna sinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 608. ("Sina" :::= China,ex Latham.)Heianza Shima— i male, July 30.STERNA SUMATRANA SUMATRANA RafflesSterna Sumatrana Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, pt. 2, 1822, p.329. (Sumatra.)Heianza Shima— i male, i female, July 31.STERNA DOUGALLII BANGSI MathewsSterna dongallii bangsi Mathews, Birds of Australia, vol. 2, 1912, p. 364 (Foo-chow, China.)Heianza Shima— i unsexed, July 26.ANGUS STOLIDUS PILEATUS (Scopoli)Sterna pileata Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Lisubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 92. (Nolocality = Philippines, ex Sonnerat.)Benoki— i juvenile female, September 17; Hentona— i juvenilefemale, September 17.
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07The noddy terns were collected on the coast following a 2-daytyphoon. When taken, the specimens appeared exhausted and in poorphysical condition. These were the only noddy terns seen.COLUMBA JANTHINA JANTHINA TemminckColumba janthina Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 86, 1830, pi. 503. (Japan.)Hedo— I female, September 26.One flock of these pigeons was seen at Hedo.STREPTOPELIA ORIENTALIS STIMPSONI (Stejneger)Tnrtur stiiiipsoiii Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, 1887, p. 399. (RiuKiu Islands, Japan.)Nago— I male. May i; Yamanuwa— i male. May 22; Chijuka
—
I female, August 19; Hentona— i female, August 31; Hedo—
i
female, September 29.CUCULUS POLIOCEPHALUS POLIOCEPHALUS LathamCuctilus poliocephahts Latham, Index Orn., vol. i, 1790, p. 214. (India.)Hedo— I female, September 29.The cuckoo was observed in hilly areas.OTUS BAKKAMOENA PRYERI (Gurnoy)Scops prycri Gurney, Ibis, 1889, p. 302. (Okinawasima, Riu Kiu Islands.)Hedo— I juvenile male, August 26.Owls were observed in pine trees near villages.
ALCEDO ATTHIS JAPONICA BonaparteAlccdo japonica Bonaparte, Atcneo Italiano, No. 11, 1854, p. 320. (Japan.)Nago— I male, May 4; Kadena—2 unsexed juveniles. May 29;Heianza Shima— i male, i female, July 31, August i ; ChijukaI unsexed, August 19; Hentona— i male, August 21.Kingfishers were common along the lower parts of streams. Thebirds are similar to specimens from Japan in the collection of theUnited States National Museum. Two birds taken in August werein molt.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 3IHALCYON COROMANDA BANGSI (Oberholser)Enfomothera coromanda barigsi Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48,1915, p. 654. (Ishigaki Island, Riu Kiu Islands.)Nago— I male, May i8; Koza— i male, June 6; Hedo— i juvenilemale, September 2; Benoki— i juvenile male, August 22; Shana-Wan— I male, September 13.Birds were found in forested areas.
SAPHEOPIPO NOGUCHII (Seebohm)Picus iwgiuhii Seebohm, Ibis, 1887, p. 178. (Loo-choo Islands = Riu KiuIslands.)Hedo—2 females, September 2, 29.The two birds were collected in dense forest near Hedo. Theyare secretive birds and appear to be rare. The female taken September29 was in molt. Apparently one bird has been incorrectly sexed ; ithas the plumage of a male.
DRYOBATES KIZUKI NIGRESCENS (Seebohm)lyugipicus kizuki nigrcsccns Seebohm, Ibis, 1887, p. 177. (Loo-choo Islands =Riu Kiu Islands.)Hedo— I male, September 26.This woodpecker was collected in a pine tree in thick forest. Itwas molting wing and body feathers.
HIRUNDO TAHITICA NAMIYEI (Stejneger)Chelidon namiyci Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886 (1887), p. 646.(Okinawa Sbima.)Hanza— i unsexed juvenile, June 6; Hentona— i male, i juvenilemale, August 18; Hedo— i juvenile male, August 31.
PERICROCOTUS ROSEUS TEGIMAE StejnegerPcricrocotus tegimae Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886 (1887), p.648. (Okinawa Shima.)Hedo— I male, i female, September 26.The two birds were in molt when collected.
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ID/CORVUS CORONOIDES CONNECTENS StresemannCorvus coronoides connectens Stresemann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bayern, vol. 7,1916, p. 281. (Miyakojima.)Yabu— I female, May 21 ; Hedo—2 juvenile males, August 31,September 26; Hentona— i male, 2 juvenile males, May 15, AugustII.The adult male measures: wing 325, tail 220, full culmen 58.2,depth of bill at nostril 22.4; the adult female, 332, 229, 63.1, 21.7.Three of the juveniles (August and September) measure: wing303-306, full culmen 55. 1-6 1.6, depth of bill at nostril 20.1-22.4. Thefourth juvenile male (May) measures 272, 54.6, 20.8. This latterbird might be an example of the smaller C. c. osai Agawa (Kuroda,Avifauna Riu Kiu Ids., 1925, p. 2), but it is not in a condition to beidentified as to subspecies.PARUS MAJOR OKINAWAE HartertParus major okinawae Hartert, Vogel Pal. Faun., vol. i, 1905, p. 346. (Oki-nawa Island, Northern Riu Kiu Group.)Yona— I male, August 21 ; Chijuka— i male, September 18.Birds were found singly or in pairs in marginal brushlands.
MICROSCELIS AMAUROTIS PRYERI (Stejneger)Hypsipetes pryeri Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 9, 1886 (1887), p. 642.(Okinawa Shima.)Yamanuwa— i female, May 17; Hanza— i unsexed, June 6; Koza
— I unsexed, June 6 ; Hedo—2 juvenile males, i unsexed juvenile,August 28, 31, September 3.The naval field party reported that these birds, especially the juve-niles, were numerous during August and September.
LUSCINIA KOMADORI NAMIYEI (Stejneger)Icoturus namiyei Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. IMus., vol. 9, 1886 (1887), p. 644.(Okinawa Shima.)Chijuka—2 males, i female, September 18; Hentona— i female,September 20.Birds were found in dense cover in hilly areas, usually alongstreams. All the specimens were in molt when collected.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 33MONTICOLA SOLITARIUS MAGNUS (La Touche)Petrophila solitaria magna La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 40, 1920, p.97. (Japan.)Yamanuwa— i male, i female, i vmsexed, May 15, 19; Ogumui
—
I male, May 13; Sakimotobu— i unsexed, May 13; Hentona—
5
females, 7 juvenile males, 2 unsexed, August 4, 9, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27,31, September 20,Birds were collected in rocky areas along the coast. Two of thebirds taken in August were in molt.
CISTICOLA JUNCIDIS BRUNNICEPS (Temminck and Schlegel)Salicaria (Cisticola) brunniceps Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold's Faun.Japon., Aves, 1850, p. 134, pi. 20. (Japan.)Nago— I male. May 2; Myazato— i unsexed. May 16; Kashuren-Wan— I female, June 7; Yona— i juvenile female, 2 unsexed juve-niles, August 26; Hentona— i juvenile female, i fledgling, August 18,September 19.Birds were collected in fallow fields.PHYLLOSCOPUS BOREALIS XANTHODRYAS SwinhoePhylloscopus xanthodryas Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 296.(Amoy.)Hedo—2 unsexed, September 26, 29.Birds were observed in woodland areas. They were not seen in lateAugust. PHYLLOSCOPUS BOREALIS BOREALIS (Blasius)Phyllopneuste borealis Blasius, Naumannia, 1858, p. 313. (Sea of Ochatsk.')Hedo— I juvenile female, September 29.HEMICHELIDON GRISEISTICTA GRISEISTICTA SwinhoeHemichelidon griseisticta Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 330. (Amoy and Takoo.)Hentona— i male, September 25 ; Hedo—3 males, i juvenile male,2 unsexed, September 26, 29.These birds have been compared with the type of H. g. pallens(Stejneger) and with specimens of H. g. hahereri Parrot. The wingsof the adults measure 81-83.
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO7TERPSIPHONE ATROCAUDATA ILLEX BangsTerpsiphone illex Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2^^, 1901, p. 264. (Ishi-gaki, Southern Liu Kiu Group.)Nago— I male, May 15; Hedo— i juvenile male, i unsexed, Sep-tember 3, 26.The adult specimen, taken by Markley in May, is in breedingplumage. MOTACILLA CINEREA CASPICA (S. G. Gmelin)Partis Caspicus S. G. Gmelin, Reise durch Russland, vol. 3, 1774, p. 104, pi.20, fig. 2. (Enzeli on the Caspian Sea.)Hedo— I female, i unsexed, August 26, September 26; Yona
—
I unsexed, September 3.ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA LOOCHOOENSIS TristramZosterops simplex var. loochooensis Tristram, Ibis, 1889, p. 229. (Loo-chooIslands=Riu Kiu Islands.) 'Kadena—2 females. May 29 ; Hedo—2 unsexed, September 26, 29.Small flocks were found in brushy areas. One bird taken in Sep-tember was in molt.PASSER MONTANUS SATURATUS StejnegerPasser saturatus Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 8, 1885, p. 19. (LiuKiu Islands, Japan.)Hentona— i female, August 17.Birds were found in villasfes.
BIRDS COLLECTED AT IWO JIMA, VOLCANO ISLANDSWharton visited Iwo Jima from March 27 to 31, 1945. He reportedfinding only five kinds of birds. The fighting during the invasion ofthe island destroyed or damaged much of the available habitat forland birds (pi. i).PLUVIALIS DOMINICA FULVA (Gmelin)Charadrius ftilvus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 687. (Tahiti.)
I male, March 27.Wharton reported seeing several flocks of these plovers. The speci-men obtained was in prenuptial molt.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF TPIE PACIFIC WAR AREA DAKER 35MICROSCELIS AMAUROTIS MAGNIROSTRIS (Hartert)Hypsipetes amaurotis magnirostris Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 15,1905, p. 46. (S. Dionisio, Volcano Islands.)3 females, March 30.One specimen had a healing wound on the tarsus when collected.Another was in molt.MONTICOLA SOLITARIUS MAGNUS (La Touche)Petrophila solitaria magna La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 40, 1920, p.97. (Japan.)3 males, 2 females, March 29, 30.Wharton found these birds in scrub vegetation. One specimen hasa broken foot, which apparently was healing when obtained. Onemale was in molt when shot. The specimens are in worn plumage butto me are subspecifically indistinguishable from birds from Japan,Korea, and Okinawa.ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA ALANI HartertZosterops palpebrosa alani Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 15, 1905, p. 45.(S. Dionisio, Volcano Islands.)2 males, March 30.Wharton found the white-eyes in woody cover.BIRDS COLLECTED IN MICRONESIAField parties visited some of the American-held bases in the Mari-ana, Caroline, and Palau Islands during the period from May toDecember, 1945. Owing to the similarity of the birdlife on theseislands, a single report for the entire area is made.On Guam, collections were made from January to November. Mostparts of the island were visited (fig. 5) with the exception of theinterior of the southern part.On Rota, a party consisting of Johnson, Markley, Necker, Fritts,and C. A. Woodbury collected from October 17 to November 2.Localities are shown on the map, figure 6.The writer, together with Davison, McElroy, and Joseph N.Strong, collected on Ulithi Atoll during the period from August iito August 23. As shown in figure 7, the islands visited included Asor,Falalop, Potangeras, Pau, Bulubul, Losiep, Mangejang, and Fassarai.Except for Asor and Falalop (pi. 2, fig. i), which were partiallycleared for service installations, most of the islands are practicallyundisturbed.
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
NO. 15 15IRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 37McElroy visited Truk Atoll from November 24 to December 18.Collections were made on Moen Island, and observations were madeon Dublon, Fefan and Udot, shown by the map, figure 8. Most of thebird skins were lost in shipment; only six specimens were saved.Davison, McElroy, Strong, and the writer collected on American-held islands in the southern Palaus from August 24 to September 24.
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/PHAETHON LEPTURUS DOROTHEAE MathewsPhaethon lepttirus dorothcae Mathfavs, Austr. Av. Rec, vol. 2, 1913, p. 7.(Queensland.)Guam Island: Amantes Point—5 males, June 11, July 21. PalauIslands (Peleliu Island) : i mi. north of Asias— i male, August 31
;
Eastern Peninsula— i male, September 6; Southeastern Peninsula
—
2 males, i female, August 29, September i, 5.
z-^: './'
fi «•
..^ \xV
'«sb
.
^ ^t^''i?' Fold lopW f
X.,,;
'^k> 1 JJ UlithiCAROLINE ISLANDSm'wjf
Fig. 7.—Collecting localities on Ulithi Atoll.Tropic-birds were seen at Guam, Rota, Peleliu, and Truk. Servicepersonnel reported their presence at Ulithi, but none was observedin August by our party. Exposedculmen TarsusWing Tail5 adult males (Guam). 256-265(262) 101-117(109) 44-50(47) 20-21(21)4 adult males (Peleliu). 242-258 (252) 106-122(111) 40-46(44) 19-20(20)I adult female (Peleliu). 260 118 43 20The average measurements of the 10 adult specimens from Micro-nesia are within the range of measurements given by Mathews for
NO, 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 39
TrukCAROLINE ISLANDS
Fig. 8.—Truk Atoll, Caroline Islands.
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO7
Pacific birds (Birds of Australia, 1915, vol. 4, p. 309). In comparingthe male birds from Guam and Peleliu, the former ones are larger inappearance and in wing and culmen length. These specimens areprobably representatives of breeding populations, and it is quitepossible that such breeding populations at different islands mightshow some size variations. All the birds appear to be in good physicalcondition. Two of the birds from Peleliu were orowin"' the elongated
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 4IAt Peleliu, tropic-birds were more numerous than at Guam andoccurred in all parts of the island, in jungle areas and at cliffs. Birdswere nesting in August and September. Nests were observed inhollows of the Australian pine {Casuarhia eqiiisetifolia) , between 20and 30 feet from the ground. Nesting birds were easily found, sincetheir long tail feathers could be seen extending from the hollows. Onenest was observed in a dead tree in a cleared battle area ; others werein trees surrounded by jungle vegetation (pi. 2, fig. 2). One male(September) had enlarged testes. Stomachs of birds collected con-tained small fish.At Truk, McElroy found tropic-birds at the high cliffs on MoenIsland in November and December.SULA LEUCOGASTER PLOTUS (Forster)Pelecamis Ploius Forster, Descr. Anim., ed. Licht., 1844, p. 278. (near NewCaledonia.)Rota Island: Taipingot Peninsula— i male, i female, i juvenilefemale, October 24.At Rota, 12 brown boobies were seen by Johnson at the high cliffson Taipingot Peninsula on October 24. The juvenile female weighed1,042 grams. The adult male was in molt. Birds were seen at Guamflying near cliffs and offshore in May, July, and November. At Truk,one bird was recorded at Udot Island in December.PHALACROCORAX MELANOLEUCOS MELANOLEUCOS (Vieillot)Ilydrocorax mdanolnicos Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 8, 1817, p. 88.("Australasie," restricted type locality, New South Wales, fide Mathews.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—2 females, 2juvenile females, September 7, 16; Asias— i juvenile female, August27; Eastern Peninsula— i female, September 10.Measurements of two adult females are: wing 220 and 222, tail153 and 157, culmen from notch of the suture between the maxilla andthe quadratojugal bones 35 and :i)6. These measurements are withinthe range of those given by Amadon (Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 1175,1942, pp. 1-2).On islands of the southern Palaus visited by our field party, thecormorant was found in mangrove swamps (pi. 3, fig. i), The birdswere occasionally observed in groups of 10 or more individuals. Theywere sluggish birds and could be approached easily. Stomachs con-tained fish. There was no indication of breeding during August andSeptember. Most of the birds had worn or molting plumage whencollected.
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/DEMIGRETTA SACRA SACRA (Gmelin)Ardca sacra Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 640. (Tahiti.)Guam Island : Gray phase, Ypao Point—2 males, July 6, August8; Oca Point— i juvenile female, May 11; Ylig Bay—-i female,July 24 ; Facpi Point—2 juvenile males, July 27 ; Agfayan Bay—
3
females, June 6, July 8; Port Ajayan—3 males, June 18, July 16;Achang Bay— i juvenile male, 2 females, July 16, August 6, 2/ ;no locality— i juvenile male, September. White phase, AgfayanBay— I male, June 6; Port Ajayan— i male, June 18. Mottledimmatures, Port Ajayan— i male, June 18; Achang Bay—2 males,July 16. Rota Island : Gray phase, Sosan Isthmus— i male, i female,I juvenile male, October 18, November 2, 5. Ulithi Atoll : Whitephase, Potangeras Island— i female, August 15. Palau Islands(Peleliu Island) : Gray phase, Eastern Peninsula— i female, i juve-nile male, September 10. White phase, Akarakoro Point— i female,September 16.Of 29 reef herons collected in Micronesia, 21 were in gray phase,4 in white phase and 4 were mottled juveniles. Field observations,however, showed a ratio of about 6 grays to 4 whites, which agreeswith the findings of Mayr and Amadon (Amer. Mus. Novit., No.1144, 1941, p. 8). Birds were seen as follows: Guam, about 6 graysto 4 whites ; Rota, no white herons seen ; Ulithi, 4 grays, 6 whites,I mottled ; Truk, i gray, 2 whites, i mottled ; Palau, equal numbersof gray and white. No adult mottled herons were collected.Weights of four adult males from Guam (gray phase) are 590-667(614), of two adult males from Guam (white phase) 600 and 662,of five adult females from Guam and Rota (gray phase) 477-553(506). Birds lacking ornamental plumes, and probably all juveniles,were taken in the summer months. One specimen taken in June wasin molt and most of those birds collected later in the year were also inmolt. Stomachs examined contained fish and crabs.EGRETTA INTERMEDIA INTERMEDIA (Wagler)Ardca infcrjiicdia Wagi-ER, Isis, 1829, p. 659. (Java.)Guam Island: Piti—2 males, June 13. Rota Island: Taruka—
i
male, October 31. Ulithi Atoll: Potangeras Island— i female,August 15. Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i male, i female, Sep-tember 21.The egret has been reported as a winter visitor to Koror in the PalauIslands (Handlist Japanese Birds, 3rd ed., 1942, p. 203). These
NO. 15 BIRDS OF TPIE PACIFIC WAR AREA—BAKER 43
records extend the range of this bird to the CaroHnes and Marianas.The specimens collected in Micronesia were nonbreeding birds, allof them having yellow bills tipped with black. Birds taken at Guamin June and at Angaur in September show no development ofornamental plumes, whereas birds taken at Ulithi in August and atRota in late October have some ornamental plumes.At Guam, the egret was first observed on February 25, when a groupof 14 birds was seen in a fallow rice paddy near Piti. The flockremained in this vicinity and was observed until June 13, when thearea was cleared for military use. A flock of 16 birds was seen onthe beach at Agfayan Bay on July 25 and again on August 6. AtUlithi, three egrets were observed feeding in grassy, cleared areas.In the Palaus, egrets were seen on tidal flats and open grassland atAngaur and Peleliu. One flock of 15 was counted. At Rota, a groupof 16 birds was found in a cultivated field on October 31. On all theislands egrets appeared to prefer grassy flats to the beaches. Theseobservations show that egrets were present in Micronesia fromFebruary through October in 1945.Weights of two male egrets from Guam were 445 and 463. Stom-achs of birds collected at Guam, Ulithi, and Angaur contained grass-hoppers, other insects, spiders, and skinks.NYCTICORAX CALEDONICUS PELEWENSIS MathewsNycticorax caledonicu^ pclczvcnsis Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 46, 1926,p. 60. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—2 males, 2females, September 6, 8 ; Southeastern Peninsula—3 females, ijuvenile male, i juvenile female, 2 male nestlings, i female nestling,August 29, 31, September i, 5.Night herons were found on tidal flats and in mangrove swampsat Peleliu, Angaur, and Garakayo Islands of the Palau group. Mc-Elroy reported seeing three birds at Truk. At Southeastern Penin-sula, Peleliu, two juveniles and three nestlings in postnatal moltwere collected in a grove of low, saplinglike trees. There were eightnests counted in this area, all being 15 to 20 feet from the ground.Stomachs of the birds contained eels, fish, skinks, crabs, shrimp,and insects. One stomach of an adult contained 14 large grasshoppersand four fish, totaling about 15 cc. in volume. The nestlings hadinsects, skinks, and eels in their stomachs. One adult taken in Sep-tember was in molt.
44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07IXOBRYCHUS SINENSIS BRYANI (Scale)Ardetta bryani Seale, Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus., vol. i, No. 3, 1901, p. 27.(Guam.)Guam Island: Pagat Point— i female, July lo; Oca Point— i male,August 4; Sinajana— i unsexed. May i6; Ylig Bay— i female, July24 ; Facpi Point— i female, July 27 ; Talofofo Bay— i female, June14; Agfayan Bay— i male, 2 females, June 4, 6, July 8; Port Ajayan
— I male, i female, June 18; Achang Bay—5 males, 6 females, ijuvenile male, June 6, 7, 19, July 16; Umatac Bay—2 males, i female,I juvenile male, 2 juvenile females, June 18.There seems to be very little difference between these specimensand least bitterns from China and adjacent areas. Some of the adultmales from Guam, taken in June and July, are paler on the back,although this may be due to wear. Adult males from Guam have aslightly longer wing and tail than those of birds from China, Siam,Okinawa, and the Philippines. Measurements of birds from Guam,/. .s". bryani, and from China, Siam, Okinawa, and the Philippines,/. .9. sinensis (Gmelin), are as follows:IxobrychnS S. bryani: Wing Tail culmen Tarsus9 adult males (Guam)... 128-138(134) 45-SO (4?) 55-6o (57) 45-47(46)II adult females (Guam). 125-134 (130) 44-49 (47) 55-59 (57) 43-47 (45)Ixobrychus s. sinensis:II adult males 119-134(128) 41-48(44) 56-62(59) 43-46(44)Bitterns were found on tidal flats and in fresh-water marshes atGuam, At Rota, birds were less numerous. A nest containing twoeggs was collected at Achang Bay, Guam, on June 6. It was locatedin a cane thicket near a fallow rice field. The eggs are oval, whitewith a greenish cast, and measure 33 by 24 and 34 by 24. A nestlingwas found in thick shrubbery at Oca Point on February i. Birdstaken in June, August, and September were in molt. Weights ofeight adult males from Guam are 82-103 (92), of eight adult females84-109 (95). IXOBRYCHUS SINENSIS MOOREI WetmoreIxobrychus sinensis moorei Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 6^, 1919, p.
"^yZ- (Uala, Truk Group, Middle Carolines.)McElroy found bitterns in rice paddies at Truk. Specimens col-lected were lost in shipment. The species was apparently rare in thesouthern Palaus ; our collecting party worked over these islandsrather thoroughly and saw only one bird on September 13 at Peleliu.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 45
I am following the Handlist of Japanese Birds, 3d ed., 1942, p. 205,in placing the Palau bittern with the race at Truk. As in the case ofthe race of the bittern at Guam, this form is not a very distinctive one.ANAS SUPERCILIOSA PELEWENSIS Hartlaub and FinschAnas superciliosa var. pelcivensis Hartlaub and Finscii, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon-don, 1872, p. 108. (Pelew Islands.)McElroy found ducks in rice paddies, marshes, and swamps atTruk. The ducks apparently flew to outlying islands during the daybut roosted in the swamps of Moen Island at night. The 1942 Japa-nese Checklist, p. 206, places this bird in the race Anas superciliosarukensis Kuroda (1939). I am unable to see a copy of this descrip-tion at the present writing. The one specimen obtained was lost inshipment.At Peleliu, service personnel reported seeing ducks, but our col-lecting party did not find any there in August and September.ANAS OUSTALETI Salvador!Anas oustaleli Salvadori, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 4, 1894, p. i. (MarianneIslands.)At Guam, Anas oustaleli was not observed. Ducks, which mighthave been of this species, were seen flying over a marsh near Agaton June 13, 1945, and others were seen at a fallow rice paddy byservice personnel in August 1944. It is possible that ducks are presentin inland marshes and swamps of the southern interior of Guam. InJune 1923 H. G. Hornbostel (in Phillips, Natural History of Ducks,vol. 2, 1923, p. 54) reported that the ducks were found only in theTalofofo River valley. Our field parties investigated the lower partsof this valley but owing to the presence of enemy troops in the areadid not venture very far from the roads. Some of this area was usedas an artillery range, which might have been a disturbing influence. Ifthe ducks are present, they are apparently rather restricted in theirmovements.At Rota, two ducks, which might have been of this species, wereseen by Johnson on October 30 in a cultivated field. Lt. Joe T. Mar-shall, Jr., collected a pair of the birds at the island of Saipan in thefall of 1945. These specimens are in the collection of the UnitedStates National Museum. Ducks were also reported at a lake onTinian. The presence of war activities and large concentrations ofservice personnel on the small islands inhabited by this unique birdhave undoubtedly disturbed and affected the already small numbers.
46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO7This necessitates careful conservation of the ducks to insure survival,particularly in the southern Marianas.PANDION HALIAETUS MELVILLENSIS MathewsPandion haliaetus melvillensis Mathews, Austr. Av. Rec, vol. i, 1912, p. 34.(Melville Island, Northern Territory.)Records of the osprey in the southern Palau Islands in 1944 and1945 were obtained from Lt. C. K. Dorsey of the Epidemiology Unitat Peleliu. No birds were seen during the visit of our collecting partythere in August and September. An osprey was observed by Lt. B. V.Travis at Agana Bay, Guam, in December 1945. He reported that thebird was carrying a fish in its talons.FALCO PEREGRINUS subsp.Lt. Irven O. Buss reported that on November 2, 1945, as his shipapproached Guam, a duck hawk alighted on the superstructure. Hewatched the bird catch and eat a noddy tern (Anous stolidus) beforeflying to the rugged cliffs near Facpi Point.Hawks were seen by our field parties on several occasions in theMicronesian islands. At Guam, a small hawk resembling an accipiterwas observed by Muennink darting at swiftlets on Mount Tenjo onJune 8. At Peleliu, a bird thought to be a duck hawk was reportedin the spring of 1945. At Angaur Island on September 21, a smallhawk was seen to fly into heavy vegetation at the edge of the ruggedcoast line. MEGAPODIUS LAPEROUSE SENEX HartlaubMegapodus senex Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867 (1868), p. 830.(Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula—2 males,August 31, September i ; Ngabad Island— i female, September1 1 ; Garakayo Island—2 males, i female, i male chick, i female chick,September 17, 18, 19.At Peleliu, megapodes were found on the eastern side of the islandwhere war activities had not removed the dense jungle cover. A fewbirds were also observed in the rapidly-growing vegetation that wasbeginning to cover the battle-cleared areas. At Garakayo Island, whichwas little disturbed by occupational activities, megapodes appearedrather numerous. The birds were located by listening for their loudscreeches and cackles but were extremely wary and difficult to
NO, 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA RAKER 47
approach. The native islanders consider the birds and their eggs to bechoice food. One male had enlarged testes. Stomachs contained seedsand finely ground material. A number of intestinal parasites werefound.The Mariana megapode {Megapodius laperouse laperouse Gai-mard) was not found by our collecting parties on Guam or Rota.Lt. Joe T, Marshall, Jr., who collected on Tinian and Saipan in 1945,did not find the bird on those islands.GALLUS GALLUS GALLUS (Linnaeus)Phasianus GaUus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 158. ("Indiaorientali, Pouli candor etc." Restricted type locality, Island of Pulo Condor,off the mouths of the Mekong.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Eastern Peninsula— i male, Sep-tember 13; Ngabad Island— i female, September 11 ; Garakayo Island
—I female, September 19.Feral chickens were found at the Palaus, IHithi Atoll, and Truk.PHASIANUS TORQUATUS subsp.On July 4, 1945. 57 ring-necked pheasants (16 cocks and 41 hens)were liberated at Guam by the United States Navy. These birds,furnished by the California Game and Fish Division, were 11 weeksold when released. Twenty-four birds were liberated at the site ofCincPoa headquarters near Mount Tenjo. Thirty-three were placednear the FEA dairy farm about i| miles west of the Price School.One month after release there was still evidence that birds werepresent, though there were reports that some had moved as far awayas I mile. The birds were not banded.COTURNIX CHINENSIS LINEATA (Scopoli)Oriohis lineatns Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 87.(Luzon, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.)Guam Island: Mount Santa Rosa— i male, June 28; Agat (i mi.SE. of)— I male, June 13.The introduced quail frequented grassy uplands, cleared coconutgroves and fallow fields on Guam. Birds were seen on Mount Tenjo,Mount Santa Rosa, near Umatac, and near Agat. They were foundsingly or in pairs, although a covey of seven birds was reported onMount Tenjo. The two males, collected in June, had enlarged testes.Their weights are 34.5 and 35.5.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO7RALLUS PHILIPPENSIS PELEWENSIS (Mayr)Hypotaenidia philippensis pclewensis Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 609, 1933,p. 3. (Palau Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i male, Sep-tember 16; Asias— I male, 2 females, August 27, 28; GarakayoIsland—2 males, i female, i juvenile male, September 18, 19, 20.Rails were collected both in swampy areas and well-drained up-lands. Some birds were taken in the new growth of vines and otherlow vegetation of the battle areas. Stomachs contained insects, seeds,and small shells. Two males had enlarged testes.RALLUS OWSTONI (Rothschild)Hypotaenidia owstoni Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. 2, 1895, p. 481. (Guam.)Guam Island : Ypao Point— i male, i unsexed, June 28, July 14
;
Oca Point— i male, i unsexed, 2 juvenile females, June 19, 20;Agana— i male, January 26; Pago River— i female, July 23; Piti—
•
2 males, May 8, September 8; Apra— i juvenile female, June 30;Ylig Bay— i female, July 19.Rails frequented forested parts of Guam. The birds were rathersecretive, many of the specimens being taken in rat traps. Blackdowny young were observed on April i and May 16. One nestcontaining three eggs was found in dense grass near Mount SantaRosa on October 24. The eggs are white with a pinkish cast and ascattering of small spots of colors near "russet" and near "pearlblue" which are concentrated at the large ends. They measure 37.5by 29.1, 39.1 by 28.0, and 40.7 by 29.0. A male, taken in January,had enlarged testes. Weights of two adult males were 256 and 257,of two adult females 210 and 252.POLIOLIMNAS CINEREUS COLLINGWOODI MathewsPoliolimnas citiereus collingivoodi Mathews, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 46,1926, p. 60. (New name for ocularis Ingram "preoccupied as a synonym ofcinereus Vieillot.") (Philippine Islands, ex G. R. Gray.)McElroy found birds in brackish swamps at Truk. One male ex-amined in December had enlarged testes. Although recorded frommany islands of Micronesia, birds were not found by our naval fieldparties at the other islands visited. Service personnel reported asmall rail at Asor and Falalop Islands, Ulithi Atoll, in the early daysof occupation, but the bird was apparently eliminated as a resultof the naval activities.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA—BAKER 49GALLINULA CHLOROPUS GUAMI HartertGaUinula chloropxts giiami Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 24, 1917, p. 268. (Guam.)Guam Island : Achaiig Bay— i male, i female, June 7, 18.Ten specimens from Guam, Saipan, and Tinian in the collectionof the United States National Museum have been compared withgallinules from other areas. These birds are similar to G. c. indicaBlyth and to C. c. lozanoi Lletget but the upper wing-coverts aredarker and near "olivaceous black," and the back, rump, and scapularsare also darker and less richly washed with olivaceous brown, thoughnot as dark as representatives of G. c. orientalis Horsfield from Java.In size, the Mariana birds are similar to the former two races.At Guam, gallinules were found in fresh-water marshes and infallow rice paddies. Weights of the birds are: adult male 291, adultfemale 256. The male, collected June 7, had enlarged testes.GALLINULA CHLOROPUS snbsp.Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i unsexed adult, 2 juvenile males,September 21.The single unsexed adult appears very distinct when compared withgallinules from adjacent areas. Its coloration is paler, the upperwing-coverts being less olivaceous brown and more slate colored, andthe back, rump, and scapulars being less richly washed with olivaceousbrown than specimens of G. c. indica, G. c. lozanoi, and G. c. guami.In size it resembles G. c. orientalis with wing 150 and tarsus 46, but itis also much paler than this race. The Handlist of Japanese Birds,3d ed., 1942, p. 221, records G. c. indica from Babelthuap Island,Palau Islands.The three birds were taken at fresh-water and brackish-waterswamps on Angaur Island. Several birds were also observed atPeleliu Island (pi. 3, fig. 2). One of the juveniles was growing itswing feathers when collected, indicating that the birds must breedin the Palau Islands.PORPHYRIO PORPHYRIO PELEWENSIS Hartlaub and FinschPorphyrio melanotus Temm. var. Peleivensis Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc.Zool. Soc. London, 1872, p. 107. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i chick, September 21.One chick was caught by Davison at the edge of a fresh-water lakeat Angaur Island. An adult was flushed from the same area.
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/SQUATAROLA SQUATAROLA (Linnaeus)Triiiga Squatarola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. lo, vol. i, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,restricted type locality Sweden, apud Hartert.)Guam Island: Achang Bay— i female, August 27.Markley collected one specimen of this migrant. It was the onlyblack-bellied plover seen by our collecting parties in Micronesia.PLUVIALIS DOMINICA FULVA (Gmelin)Charadriiis fulvus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 687. (Tahiti.)Guam Island: Pati Point— i male, September 17; Facpi Point—
i
female, September 26; Ylig Bay—2 males, i female, July 19, 24;Inarajan— i male, i female, September 19; Agfayan Bay—2 males,July 8, 24; Achang Bay—6 males, i female, August 31, September4, October 5, 8, 24. Machadgan Point (Umatac Bay)— i female,October 23. Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus— i male, i female, October20, 26 ; Sabaanaa—2 males, i female, October 20. Ulithi Atoll
:
Bulubul Island— i male, August 21 ; Pau Island— i male, i female,August 21 ; Potangeras Island— i male, August 16. Palau Islands(Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—5 males, 3 females, September6, 8, 12, 16; Asias— i female, September 13; Garakayo Island
—
I female, September 20.The golden plover was one of the most abundant migrants to passthrough Micronesia during 1945. Birds were found on beaches,cleared areas, air strips, and short-grass uplands. At Guam, north-bound birds were first seen on February ii. By April i, plover innuptial plumage were numerous. The last spring record was ob-tained on April 28. The first southbound birds were recorded onJuly 8, when three individuals were seen at Agfayan Bay. By Sep-tember, plovers were again numerous. Birds in postnuptial moltwere taken at Ulithi in August, at Palau in September, and at Guamas late as October 8. The five birds taken at Rota in late October werein winter plumage. McElroy saw birds at Truk in December.Weights of seven males from Guam and Rota are 107-125 (117),of four females 109-120 (114). Stomach contents of birds examinedat Ulithi and Peleliu included small shells and parts of crabs.CHARADRIUS MONGOLUS MONGOLUS PallasCharadriiis nwngolus Pallas, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776,p. 700. (Salt lakes toward the Mongolian border = Kulussutai, probablyon the Onon River, Siberia, fide Ridgway, 1919, p. i34-)Guam Island : Agfayan Bay— i male, June 7 ; Achang Bay—
i
female, September i. Ulithi Atoll: Losiep Island— i female, August
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE TACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 5
1
22. Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—2 males, ifemale, September 7, 8, 12.Dotterels were observed on tidal flats. The stomach of a bird col-lected at Ulithi Atoll contained i cc. of marine worms.CHARADRIUS LESCHENAULTII LessonCharadrius Lcschenaultii Lesson, Diet. Sci. Nat., ed. Levrault, vol. 42, 1826,p. 36. (Pondichery, India.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i male, 6females, September 6, 8, 12.Small flocks of these shore birds were found on tidal flats at Peleliuin September,NUMENIUS PHAEOPUS VARIEGATUS (Scopoli)Tantalus variegatus Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 92.(No locality = Luzon, ex Sonnerat.)Guam Island : Piti—3 females, July 26, 27 ; Ylig Bay—2 females,August 2; Inarajan—2 males, September 19; Agfayan Bay—2 males,2 females, June 4, 6, July 24, August 2y; Achang Bay—4 females,August 27, September i, October 8; Umatac Bay— i male, Septem-ber 25. Ulithi Atoll: Potangeras Island— i female, August 17. PalauIslands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i male, 3 females,September 8, 12; Asias— i male, September 14; Angaur Island
—
2 males, 2 females, September 21.Whimbrels were observed on beaches, cleared areas, and grassyuplands. At Guam, birds were seen in March on their northwardmigration, the last record being on March 21. The birds returnedto Guam from the northern breeding grounds beginning in earlysummer, the first record being on June i.Weights of two adult males from Guam are 373-435 (404), and ofsix adult females 295-426 (384), The great variation in these weightsmay be due to the effects of migration,NUMENIUS MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnaeus)Scolopax madagascariensis Linnaeus, Syst, Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 242.(Madagascar, error rr: Macassar, Celebes, as designated by Neumann.)Curlews were observed on tidal flats at Guam on October 4 and atNgesebus Island in the Palaus on September 20.
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07LIMOSA LAPPONICA BAUERI NaumannLiniosa Baueri Naumann, Naturg. Vog. Deutschl., vol. 8, 1836, p. 429. (NewHolland = Victoria apud Mathews, Nov. Zool., vol. 18, 1912, p. 220.)Palau Island (Pcleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i male, Sep-tember 7.Godwits were seen in small numbers on tidal flats at Peleliu (i)l. 4,fig. i) in September and at Guam on y\pril 26 and October 15.TRINGA NEBULARIA (Gunnerus)Scolopax nebularia Gunnerus, in Leem. Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, p. 251.(District of Trondhjem, Norway.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—2 females,September 14, 15; Mangrove swamp, i:^ mi. SW. Akarakoro Point
—
I male, i female, August 28.At Peleliu the greenshank was observed on tidal flats and inmangrove swamps. TRINGA GLAREOLA LinnaeusTringa Glarcola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., cd. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,restricted type locality, Sweden.)Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i male, September 21.One specimen was collected at a fresh-water pond.ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnaeus)Tringa Hypolcucos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 149. (Europe,restricted type locality, Sweden.)Guam Island: Achang Bay—2 males, 2 females, July 16, Sep-tember 20. Ulithi Atoll : Losiep Island— i female, August 22. PalauIslands (Peleliu Island) : Asias—2 males, i female, September 9, 14.Single birds were found on and along beaches. Stomachs of birdscollected contained crab parts and insects. Weight of one male fromGuam is 67, of two females 57 and 63.HETEROSCELUS INCANUS BREVIPES (Vieillot)Totanm brcvipcs Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 6, 1816, p. 410. (Nolocality given; the type is from Timor.)Guam Island : Piti— i male, July 27 ; Ylig Bay—2 females, July24; Inarajan—-i male, September 19; Agfayan Bay— i male, ifemale, June 4, 6; Achang Bay—2 males, 7 females, June 6, July 16,August 6, 27, September 4, October 5, 8; Bile Bay— i female, October23. Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—2 males, 5
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA—BAKER 53females, September 6, 7, 8, 16. Truk Islands: Moen Island— i male,December 13.Most of the birds taken in summer and fall, as late as October 23,were in postnuptial molt. Birds collected in June were in winterplumage (molting) and probably did not go to the breeding grounds.Weights of three males from Guam are 90-104 (95), of six females99-116 (104).HETEROSCELUS INCANUS INCANUS (Gmelin)Scolopax incana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 658. (Eimeom[Moorea of the Society Group] and Palmerston Islands.)Guam Island : Ritidian Point— i female, May 29 ; Amantes Point—1 male, i female, May 26; Oca Point— i male, 2 females, May 21, 24;Facpi Point—2 males, i female, September 19, 26, 27 ; Achang Bay
—
2 females, September 20, October 23 ; no locality— i male, i female,October 10. Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus—2 unsexed, October 23,25. Ulithi Atoll: Losiep Island—2 males, August 22; MangejangIsland— I female, August 20.At Guam, where both species of tattlers were found, H. i. incanus,in nuptial plumage, was collected in late May, the last record beingon May 29. It was not seen again until August 20 at Ulithi and onSeptember 19 at Guam. The birds taken as late as October 23 werein postnuptial molt. Southward-migrating H. i. brevipes was col-lected earlier, in July. No records for //. /. incanus were obtainedin the Palaus.Weights of two males from Guam are 175 (May) and 109 (Sep-tember), and of two females in May, 175 and 192. The male collectedin September was in poor physical condition, probably owing to theeffects of migration.ARENARIA INTERPRES (Linnaeus)Triiiga Interpres Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 148. (Europe andNorth America, restricted type locality, Gotland, Sweden.)Guam Island: Facpi Point—2 males, i female, October 19, 26;Agfayan Bay— i female, October 11 ; Achang Bay— i male, October20; Bile Bay— i female, October 23; no locality— i unsexed, October10. Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus—2 males, October 20, November2. Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i male, Sep-tember 8. Truk Islands : Moen Island— i female, December 22.Turnstones were found at Guam in late March. They were not seenagain until July 24, when a group of three \vere observed at Agfayan
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANKOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07Bay. Weights of four males from Guam and Rota are 77-79 (92),of one female from Guam 90.GALLINAGO MEGALA SwinhoeGalllnago mcgala Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 343- (Between Takoo and Peking,China.)Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i female, September 21.Several snipe were found in marshy areas at a small fresh-waterlake on Angaur Island.CROCETHIA ALBA (Pallas)Trynga alba Pallas, in Vroeg's Cat., 1764, Adumbr., p. 7. (Coast of the North
" Sea.)Ulithi Atoll: Pau Island— i male, August 21.A small flock of sanderlings was seen on a beach at Ulithi.CALIDRIS TENUIROSTRIS (Horsfield)Totanus tenuirostris Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, pt. i, 1821,p. 192. (Java.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—4 males, Sep-tember 16.A flock of 20 of these birds was found at a tidal flat on PeleliuIsland. Stomachs contained small shells. This is apparently the firstrecord for this species in Micronesia,CALIDRIS MINUTA RUFICOLLIS (Pallas)Trynga ruficollis Pallas, Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 700.("Circa lacus salsos Dauriae campestris" = Kulussutai, southern Transbai-kalia, fide Ridgway, 1919, p. 292.)Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus— i female, October 20. Palau Islands(Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point—4 males, 10 females, September6, 8, 12, 14; Angaur Island— i female, September 21.This species was numerous on the Ijeaches at Peleliu Island. Onefemale from Rota weighed 24.5.CALIDRIS ACUMINATA (Horsfield)Totanus acitminatus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, pt. i, 1821,p. 192. (Java.)Guam Island: Pati Point— i female, September 17. Palau Islands
:
Angaur Island—2 males, i female, September 21.
NO. 15 lilRDS OF Till'. PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKFR 55CALIDRIS FERRUGINEA (Pontoppidan)Tringa Ferruginciis PoNTOPriDAN, Danske Atlas, vol. i, 1763, p. 624. (No typelocality = Denmark.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i female, Sep-tember 6.One specimen was collected at a tidal flat on Peleliu. This isapparently the first record for this species in Micronesia.LIMICOLA FALCINELLUS SIBIRICA DresserLhnicola sibirica Dresser, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 674. (Siberia andChina.)Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i male, September 21.This bird was collected at a fresh-water pond. To my knowledgethis is the first time that this species has been recorded in Micronesia.CHLIDONIAS LEUCOPTERA (Temminck)Sterna leucoptera Temminxk, Man. d'Orn., 1815, p. 483. (Coasts of theMediterranean.)Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i female, September 21.One of four terns seen at a small fresh-water lake at Angaur Islandwas shot. The specimen is in winter plimiage.STERNA SUMATRANA SUMATRANA RafflesSterna Sumatrana Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, pt. 2, 1822, p.329. (Sumatra.)Ulithi Atoll : Losiep Island— i male, August 22 ; MangejangIsland— I male, i female, i juvenile male, August 20; PotangerasIsland—2 females, i juvenile female, August 15, 16.Terns were found in small numbers at Ulithi Atoll. A single birdwas seen at Peleliu Island on September 16. Stomachs of the birdscollected contained small fish. Some of the specimens were in molt.The two terns collected at Okinawa have slightly longer wings thanthose of the Micronesian birds.THALASSEUS BERGII CRISTATUS (Stephens)Sterna cristata Stephens, in Shaw's Gen. Zool., vol. 13, pt. i, 1826, p. 146.(China and many of the southeastern islands of Asia; restricted typelocality, China.)Ulithi Atoll: Bulubul Island— i male, August 21.One of four crested terns seen at Bulubul Island was collected.The birds were wary and difificult to approach. Stomach contents of
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
the bird oljtained included 2 cc. of fish. Terns were also seen atPeleliu and Ngaj angel in the Palau Islands in September and at TrukIslands in November.ANOiJS STOLIDUS PILEATUS (Scopoli)Sterna pileata Scopoli, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 92. (Nolocality =: Philippines, ex Sonncrat.)Guam Island: Amantes Point— i male, 2 females, July 21; YpaoPoint—2 males, i juvenile male, June 29, July 6; Oca Point— i male,I female, May 21, 24. Rota Island: Taipingot Peninsula— i male, ifemale, October 24; Sosan Isthmus— i female, October 18. UlithiAtoll: Bulubul Island— i juvenile male, August 21; PotangerasIsland—4 males, August 15. Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : South-eastern Peninsula— i male, i female, September i ; Ngabad Island—I male, September 11.This noddy was one of the most frequently observed oceanic birdsin Micronesia. At Ulithi Atoll service personnel reported a largenesting colony in May, June, and July at Potangeras and at a smallerisland nearby. Nests were observed in trees and on the ground. Onenest was found by our party at Bulubul Island on August 21. Asingle egg, in an advanced stage of incubation, was collected fromthe nest, which consisted of a few rough twigs in a shallow depres-sion in the sand above the high-tide mark. The egg is: shape ovate,gloss slight, shell smooth, color white with small irregular spots ofthe two colors "pale drab-gray" and "pale smoke gray" (the latterpredominating), concentrated at the large end, size 36.6 by 50.1. AtTruk, McElroy found noddy terns nesting on a high cliff and inadjacent coconut trees at Moen Island in December.Weights of birds taken at Guam and Rota are: 4 adult males 187-204 (197), and 3 adult females 177-203 (189). Measurements of10 adult males are: wing 275-291 (283), tail 159-187 (168), exposedculmen 39.8-43.5 (41.4) ; of 4 adult females, 266-283 (274), 154-178 (165), 38.7-40.0 (39.3). Stomachs of birds from Ulithi andPalau contained small fish and crustaceans. Two males from Palauhad enlarged testes.ANOiJS TENUIROSTRIS MARCUSI (Bryan)Micranous marcusi Bryan, Occ. Pap. B. P. Bishop Mus., vol. 2, 1903, p. loi.(Marcus Island.)Ulithi Atoll : Mangejang Island—2 males, 2 females, August 20.Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i juvenile male,September 12; Eastern Peninsula— i female, September 9.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 57White-capped noddy terns were found at Ulithi, Palau, and Truk.They were not seen in the Marianas. Stomachs of birds collectedcontained small fish. Measurements of 2 adult males are: wing 222and 228, tail 117 and 124, exposed culnien 46.1 and 46.6; of 3 adultfemales, 228-229 (228), 118-120 (119), 41. 1-43.6 (42.6).GYGIS ALBA subspp.Guam Island: Ritidian Point— i male, i female, May 29; MountSanta Rosa— i female, June 23 ; Tumon Bay— i male, i female, June8; Pagat Point— i female, July 10; Oca Point— i female, May 23;Agaiia Swamp— i male, i female, June 15 ; Ylig Bay— i male, August27; Talofofo Bay—5 males, June 14; Agfayan Bay— i male, June 6;Port Ajayan— I female, June 18. Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus—2 males, October 19, 25. Ulithi Atoll : Bulubul Island— i nestling,August 21 ; Mangejang Island— i male, August 20; PotangerasIsland—7 males, 3 females, August 14, 15, 16. Palau Islands (PeleliuIsland) : Southeastern Peninsula— i juvenile male, September i.Truk Islands: Moen Island— i juvenile male, December 13.White terns collected in Micronesia have been compared with speci-mens from the Mariana Islands, the Hawaiian Islands, and WakeIsland at the United States National Museum through the courtesyof Dr. Alexander Wetmore and with 17 birds from the CarolineIslands at the American Museum of Natural History through thecourtesy of Dr. Robert Cushman Murphy. The measurements ofthese birds are as follows
:
Males Wing Exposed culnien14 adults (Hawaiians) 226-246 (235) 35-39 {Z7)4 adults (Wake) 232-242 (236) 37-39 (38)14 adults (Marianas) 227-242 (238) 37-40 (39)15 adults (Carolines) 237-252 (246) 37-44 (42)Females Wing Exposed culmen13 adults (Hawaiians) 217-243 (232) 33-39 (36)6 adults (Wake) 230-243 (236) 36-41 (38)9 adults (Marianas) 228-240 (234) 36-40 (38)II adults (Carolines) 234-248 (242) 37-43 (41)The latest treatment of Gygis alba (Peters, Checklist Birds of theWorld, vol. 2, 1934, p. 348-349) refers the Hawaiian birds to G. a.rothschildi Hartert and the Central Pacific birds to G. a. Candida(Gmelin)—except birds from the Marquesas Islands, G. a. micro-rhyncha Saunders. The Japanese checklist for 1942 (p. 219) placesthe birds from Wake Island in G. a. Candida. On the basis of the
58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
material studied, birds from the Hawaiian group (Laysan, Gardiner,Necker, Nihoa, French Frigate, Johnson Islands) have the smallestmeasurements, with those to the south having progressively largermeasurements, with the exception of the Marquesas form. Hartert(Nov. ZooL, vol. 34, 1927, p. 18) finds that in G. a. rothschildi theexposed culmen does not exceed 38 mm. and the wing does notexceed 245 mm. My findings agree with these ; however, measurementsof birds from Wake, Guam, Rota, and Saipan are almost identicalwith those of the Hawaiian birds with the maxima and minima verysimilar. Birds from the Caroline Islands (Ulithi, Truk, and Kusaie),as shown in the table, average larger in size, and there is no greatamount of overlap in wing length. Whether or not the CarolineIslands birds are distinct, as supposed by Hartert when he namedG. a. kittlitzi, can only be learned when a large series of birds frommore southern localities are studied. The presence of the distinct racein the Marquesas Islands offers further evidence that other separableforms may be present. It seems apparent from this study that theHawaiian race, G. a. rothschildi, is not sufficiently distinct to beseparated by name from populations at Wake and in the Marianas.At Guam, white terns were numerous and distributed in all partsof the island, especially in the coconut groves. Birds were foundbreeding during the spring months. A downy young first observedin a banyan tree on March 27 began to fly on April 17. Most ofthe birds collected in May, June, and July were in molt. One of thetwo birds collected at Rota in October was in molt. Weights of nineadult males from Guam are 97-119 (108), of six adult females 100-116 (108). Weights of two adult males from Rota are 115 and 124.At Ulithi Atoll, terns were abundant. There was apparently a peakin nesting activity in April, May, and June, service personnel report-ing a number of very young birds at that time. The eggs were placedin limb forks of breadfruit trees. One recently hatched downy youngwas collected at Bulubul Island on August 21. Six of eleven adultstaken at Ulithi in August were in molt. At Truk and the PalauIslands, white terns were numerous in coconut groves. Stomachs ofbirds taken at Ulithi and Peleliu contained fish, insects, and marinecrustaceans.The back of a juvenile male (collected September i) from I'eleliuIsland is barred with bands of near "mummy brown" and light buff.The coloring extends to the scapulars, innermost secondaries, andupper wing-coverts and to the crown and occiput, where the coloringis more mottled than barred. The feathers of the sides of the neck havesome brownish edges. An adult female, taken at Guam on May 23
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA—BAKER 59
and examined within i hour after death, had feet colored "Russianblue," webs white, basal part of bill to nares "soft blue-violet," termi-nal part of bill black, iris black, feathers white, and skin black. Thesecolor notes were made by David H. Johnson.PTILINOPUS ROSEICAPILLUS (Lesson)Cohimba roscicapilla Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 6, 1831, p. 472. (iles Mari-annes.)Guam Island : Ritidian Point— i male, August i ; Tarague—
i
male, i female, July 18; Haputo Point— i male, August 21 ; MountSanta Rosa— i male, July 2 ; Pagat Point—6 males, i female, inestling, July 6, 10; Amantes Point—4 males, ]May 25, 27; Oca Point
—2 females, March 8 ; Agana Swamp— i male, i female, June 3
;
Ylig Bay— i male, i female, July 19; Agat— i male, June 12 ; TalofofoBay— I male, June 14. Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus— i male, No-vember 2; Poniya Point— i male, October 28; Sabaanaa— i male,October 31.The similarity between this species and birds of the Pfilinopusregina group of the Australian area is striking. This has been indi-cated by Ripley and Birckhead (Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 1192, 1942,p, 3). On the basis of its characters alone the ^lariana birds wouldmerit only subspecific separation, but owing to the great distance be-tween the two doves and the possibility of independent origin andsubsequent convergence, it may be more advisable to continue toregard the two as separate species.Fruit doves were found in most forested areas. At Guam, the con-struction of installations and air strips removed some of the habitatof this bird, but the population has not been greatly affected. Weightsof 14 adult males are 81-103 (90), of 4 adult females 85-99 (92)>and of one nestling in postnatal molt, beginning to fly, 44. Breedingbirds were taken in March and July. The birds from Rota haveslightly richer coloration on the crown and back than have birds fromGuam. PTILINOPUS PORPHYRACEUS PONAPENSIS (Finsch)Pfilonopus ponapensis Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1877 (1878), p. 779.(Ponape, Caroline Islands.)Truk Islands : Moen Island— i male, December 24.McElroy collected one breeding male at Moen Island. He foundthe birds at high elevations in deep woods.
6o SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07PTILINOPUS PORPHYRACEUS PELEWENSIS Hartlaub and FinschPtilinopus pelewcnsis Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868,p. 7. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Eastern Peninsula— i male,August 27; Southeastern Peninsula—2 males, September i, 4;Ngabad Island—2 males, September 11; Garakayo Island— i male,September 19.The Palau fruit dove was found in thick forested areas on all theislands visited. A nest was observed in a jungle area at NgabadIsland on September 11. The nest was loosely constructed, about 6feet from the ground in a low tree. The one incubated &gg was whiteand measured 31 by 23. Three males collected had enlarged testes.Stomachs contained berries and seeds.DUCULA OCEANICA MONACHA (Momiyama)Globicera occanica monacha Momiyama, Birds of Micronesia, March 1922, p. 4.(Yap, Western Caroline Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island): Asias— i female, August 27;Eastern Peninsula— i male, August 28; Southeastern Peninsula
—
4 males, i female, August 29, September 4, 5; Garakayo IslandI male, September 19.The large pigeon was found in forests and on faces of cliffs wherethe war activities had not created much disturbance. British Indiantroops released by the Japanese in September reported extensive useof this pigeon as food by the people on Babelthuap Island. Stomachsof birds collected contained berries, fruit parts, and green matter.McElroy did not find any birds of this species at Truk.STREPTOPELIA BITORQUATA DUSUMIERI (Temminck)Cohimba dusiimieri Temminck, PI. Col., livr. 32, 1823, pi. 188. (Vicinity ofManila, Luzon, Philippine Islands.)Guam Island: Taraguc—2 males, July 18; Pagat Point—4 males,July 6, 10; Amantes Point— i male, 3 females. May 25, 26; TumonBay— I female, June 9; Oca Point— i female, February 7; AganaSwamp— I male, October 8 ; Piti— i male, September 8 ; Pago River
—2 males, i female, July 23, August 1 1 ; Ylig Bay— i female, August2 ; Agfayan Bay—2 females, July 7 ; no locality— i female, September,Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus—2 males, October 18, November 2
;
Taruka— i male, October 23; Poniya Point— i female, October 22.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA EAKER 61
Tlie introduced turtle dove was abundant on Guam and Rota. Itappeared to prefer the open country and favored some of the clearingsmade by war activities. A nest found at Mount Santa Rosa, Guam,in a low bush on June 28 contained one egg and a nestling. Two eggscollected by Necker at Rota on October 31 are white and measure29.6 by 23.0 and 30.1 by 23.0. Weights of five adult males are 130-167 (152), and of six adult females 135-159 (146). There are onlyvery slight differences between the birds of the Marianas and thosefrom the Philippines, from where the introduced stock originallycame. GALLICOLUMBA XANTHONURA XANTHONURA (Temminck)Columba xanthonura "Cuv." Temminck, PL Col., livr. 32, 1823, pi. 190. (Mari-anne Islands.)Guam Island: Ritidian Point— i male, i female, i juvenile female,June 28; Mount Santa Rosa— i male, 2 females, June 23, 24, July 2;Haputo Point— i male, i juvenile female, August 21 ; Pagat Point
—
2 males, 2 females, July 6, 10; Sassayan Point— i male, July 6;Amantes Point— i male, May 28 ; Tumon Bay—2 females, June 9, 27
;
Oca Point—2 males, i juvenile female. March 18, April 4, 17; AgahaSwamp— I male, June 2 ; Sinajana— i male, May 20 ; Piti— i male,June 28 ; Pago River—2 males, July 23, August 1 1 ; Talofofo BayI male, June 14. Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus—3 males, October 20.26, November i ; Sabaanaa— i male, November 2 ; Mariiru PointI female, October 22 ; Poniya Point— i male, October 25.The white-throated ground dove was not observed on the ground.It was found in forested areas, and being a strong flyer, was oftenseen flying high above the trees and across roads. At Guam, birdsnested in the winter and spring months, beginning in late January.Nests were found in breadfruit and banyan trees 50 to 75 feet abovethe ground. A broken egg was found beneath a tree containing a neston February 26. A male bird was seen on a nest at Oca Point onMarch 27 in the middle of the day. On April 3 the young bird fromthis nest at Oca Point was beginning to fly. Adults with enlargedgonads were taken in April, May, June, and July. Weights of sevenadult males are 1 19-154 (130), of seven adult females 96-150 (118).A bird, marked female and collected at Guam on July 2, has a lightdrab breast tinged with light brown and darkening toward the throat.The crown resembles that of an adult female though darker and be-coming lighter and grayer on the neck and nape. The coloring of tlieshoulder and wing-coverts compares favorably with that of the adult
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07
male though Hghter and with a yellowish tinge. The back is bronzedolive green as in the female but with a few of the purplish featherscharacteristic of the male present on the mantle. The abdomen isnear "olive brown" with buffy-brown edges to the feathers. Thisspecimen resembles somewhat the description of a juvenile malefrom Yap by Hartlaub and Finsch (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872,p. 102), but it is unmistakably a female since it was noted to be un-usual at the time and special attention was given to the accuratesexing of the bird. The presence of a second plumage for femalesof this race is not surprising since Amadon (Amer. Mus. Novit.,No. 1237, 1943, p. 20) has described a male type plumage for femalesof Gallicolumha stairi from Polynesia.GALLICOLUMBA XANTHONURA KUBARYI (Finsch)Phlegocnas Kubaryi Finsch, Journ. Orn., vol. 28, 1880, p. 292. (Ruck andPonape, Caroline Islands.)McElroy saw six of these birds at Moen Island. All were observedon forested slopes in tall trees. He reports that their habits are verysimilar to those of the birds in the Marianas.GALLICOLUMBA CANIFRONS (Hartlaub and Finsch)Phlegocnas canijrons Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1872,p. loi. (Palau Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula— i male,I juvenile female, August 29, September i ; Garakayo Island—
2
males, September 17, 19.This secretive, terrestrial dove was found in jungle areas. Its call,a low moan, announced its presence, although the bird was difficultto see against the ground cover of its environment. It would fly onlya few yards when disturbed. Its habits were strikingly different fromthose of Gallicolumha xanthonura, which our field parties observedat Guam, Rota, and Truk.The female collected September i was in postjuvenal molt. Stom-achs contained hard seeds.CALOENAS NICOBARICA PELEWENSIS FinschCaloenas nicobarica var. pelewensis Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr., vol. 8, 1875,p. 159 (p. 27 in reprint). (Palau Islands.)The Nicobar pigeon was observed on five occasions at GarakayoIsland in the Palaus. It apparently preferred the vegetation alonghigh coral cliffs, where it was found perched on the outer limbs of theshrubby trees.
NO. 15 ]!IRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 63COLLOCALIA INEXPECTATA PELEWENSIS MayrCollocalia pelewensis Mayr, Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 820, 1935, p. 3. (PalauIslands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island): Asias— i male, September 13;^arakayo Island— i male, i female, September 18.Swiftlets were numerous, and were found at all islands visited inthe southern Palaus.COLLOCALIA INEXPECTATA BARTSCHI MearnsCollocalia barlschi Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 36, 1909, p. 476.(Guam.)Guam Island: Amantes Point—7 males, 3 females, June 21, July29; Oca Point— i female, January 29; Sinajana— i female, 2 un-sexed, 6 nestlings, May 20. Rota Island : i unsexed, October 27.At Guam and Rota, swiftlets were found at cliff areas, where theynested in caves. In jungle areas they were seen flying above thetrees and through the more open woodland. On May 18 a large colonyof birds was nesting in a rocky sink hole about 2 miles east of Agana,Guam. About 250 nests were found on ledges in the caverns shelteredfrom the light. Below the nests were large piles of guano. Weights ofseven adult males 6.4-7.3 (6.8), of three adult females 6.8-7.6 (7.1).HALCYON CINNAMOMINA PELEWENSIS WiglesworthHalcyon peleivensis Wiglesworth, Abhandl. und Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden,1890-91 (1891), No. 6, p. 15. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Small island off Eastern Penin-sula— I male, September 10; Ngabad Island— i juvenile male, ifemale, i juvenile female, September 11.This kingfisher was observed in thick jungle areas and at the edgeof mangrove swamps on small islands near Peleliu. The birds werevery secretive, only six individuals being seen by our collecting party.These were located by their distinctive rasping call. Stomachs con-tained insects.McElroy saw a kingfisher with cinnamon underparts at BulubulIsland, Ulithi Atoll, on August 21. The bird disappeared into thickvegetation when approached.HALCYON CINNAMOMINA CINNAMOMINA SwainsonHalcyon cinnamomina Swainson, Zool. Illustr., vol. 2, 1821-22 (1821), text topi. 67. (No locality ^ Mariana Islands.)Guam Island: Ritidian Point— i female, i juvenile female, June28, 29; Tarague— i female, July 18; Yigo— i male, 2 females, May
64 .SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/
25, 26; Dededo— i male, June i6; Pagat Point—3 males, 2 females,I juvenile male, July 6, 10; Amantes Point— i male, i female. May 25,June 11; Oca Point—3 males, i female, i juvenile male, i juvenilefemale, February 14, 24, March 8, August 24, 30; Agana Swamp
—
1 male, 2 females, June 2, 3, 4 ; Agat— i male, June 13 ; Talofofo Bay2 males, i female, June 14; Agfayan Bay^— i male, i female, June 6,July 7; Port Ajayan—2 females, i juvenile male, June 19; AchangBay—2 males, June 18.There is some color variation in the large series of birds examined.A number of specimens have light-colored crowns, but this may befading as mentioned by Hartert (Nov. Zool., vol. 5, 1898, p. 52).The feathers of the head are worn in some individuals, possibly fromrubbing when the birds entered and left nest holes.Nests were observed in hollows in trees in the period from Marchto July. Holes in banyan and coconut trees often 20 feet or moreabove the ground were used. At Oca Point, on April 3, parent birdswere observed feeding a nestling. On July 8 a nest containing twoeggs was found. Birds in juvenal plumage were taken in May, June,July, and August. Some of the adults taken in February, May, June,and July were in molt. Weights of 11 adult males are 56-62 (59),of 10 adult females 58-76 (66).HALCYON CHLORIS ORII Takatsukasa and YamashinaHalcyon cJiloris orii Takatsukasa and Yamashina, Dolnitsu. Zasslii, vol. 43,1931, p. 484. (Rota Island, Mariana Islands.)Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus—2 males, 3 females, i juvenile male,I juvenile female, October 18, 19, November 2; Poniya Point—
i
female, i juvenile female, October 22; Taruka— i juvenile male, iunsexed, October 26.This kingfisher was observed in all parts of Rota. Weights of twoadults are 84 and 85.HALCYON CHLORIS TERAOKAI KurodaHalcyon chloris teraokai Kuroda, Tori, vol. i, 191S, p. 56. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Akarakoro Point— i female, Sep-tember 6; Eastern Peninsula— i juvenile female, August 27; South-eastern Peninsula—3 males, 7 females, i juvenile female, August 29,30, 31, September i, 5; Garakayo Island—2 males, i female, Sep-tember 20.This kingfisher was a conspicuous bird at all the islands visited inthe southern Palaus. It preferred open woodland and cleared areas
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE I'ACIFIC WAR AREA UAKER 65
to the thicker jungle. Its range appeared separate and distinct fromthat of the more restricted and secretive species, Halcyon cinna-luoniina pclcivcnsis. Two of the hirds collected were in molt. Onefemale had enlarged gonads. Stomachs contained insects, fish, crabs,and shrimp. HIRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURALIS ScopoliIliniudo gnitiiralis Scopoli. Del. Flor. ct Faun. Insubr., fasc. 2, 1786, p. 96.(Panay, Philippine Islands, ex Sonnerat.)Palau Islands: Angaur Island— i male, September 21.A few swallows were observed along beaches and inland lakes atAngaur and Ngesebus Islands. At Guam, four birds were seen flyingover Agana River on October 11. The stomach of the male collectedat Angaur Island contained about 2 cc. of flies, beetles, and smallgrasshoppers.EDOLISOMA TENUIROSTRE MONACHA (Hartlaub and Finsch)Cainpcfliaga monacha Hartlaub axd Finsch, Proc. Zool. See. London, 1872, p.99. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula—2 fe-males, August 29, 30.This bird appeared to be rare in the jungle areas of Peleliu Island.Only the two individuals collected were seen. Stomachs containedinsects and plant parts.DICRURUS MACROCERCUS HARTERTI Stuart BakerDicrurus ater harterti Stuart Baker, Nov. Zool., vol. 25, 1918, p. 299.(Formosa.)Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus— i female, 4 juvenile males, 2 juvenilefemales, October 18, 19, November 2.This drongo was apparentlv introduced from Formosa by theJapanese South Seas Development Company (Nanyo Kohatsu Ka-bushiki Kaisha) about 1935. An illustrated booklet, printed by thisorganization and seen by members of our collecting party at the RotaMilitary Government headquarters, showed pictures of the captivebirds before release and indicated that they had been brought for thepurpose of controlling destructive insects. Dr. Charles Vaurie hasexamined these birds and compared them with a series of drongosfrom Formosa in the collection of the American Museum of NaturalHistory.
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07The drongo appeared well adapted at Rota, where it preferred culti-vated areas and the bombed village sites to thick woodlands. Birdswere found in small flocks often in the large shade trees. Weights oftwo juvenile males are 53 and 61.CORVUS KUBARYI ReichenowCorwis kubaryi Reichenow, Journ. Ornith., 1885, p. no. (Pelew Islands,error ^ Guam.)Guam Island : Ritidian Point—2 males, 4 females, i juvenile male,May 29, June 4, 28, 29, August i ; Tarague— i male, i female, 2 juve-nile females, July 12, 18; Pati Point— i male, i juvenile male, ijuvenile female, September 11; Pagat Point— i male, 2 females,July 10; Yigo— I female. May 25; Tumon Bay— i juvenile male,2 juvenile females, June 8, 9; Talofofo Bay— i male, i juvenile male,September 5; Agfayan Bay— i juvenile male, July 7; Port Ajayan
—
I female, i unsexed juvenile, June 18. Rota Island : Sosan Isthmus1 male, October 25 ; Poniya Point— i male, i juvenile female,October 22, 25 ; Siebu Village— i male, October 29.Crows from Guam and Rota are very similar. Their measurementsare within the range of those listed by Meinertzhagen (Nov. Zool.,vol. 33, 1926, p. 75). The birds were found in jungle areas, coconutgroves, and along the military roads. No evidence of breeding wasfound in specimens collected in the summer and early fall, and it islikely that nesting activities may be concentrated in the winter andspring months. One nest in a banyan tree was found at Ypao Pointon March 8. Specimens taken from May to September were in molt.Weights of crows from Guam are : 2 adult males 237 and 270, 8 adultfemales 205-260 (246) ; from Rota : i adult male 256.An adult bird taken at Pagat Point on July 10 has a freak develop-ment of the bill. The mandible and maxilla do not fit together buthave grown out from each other as long projections. The birdseemed to be in good physical condition when collected and weighed237 grams, but it must have had considerable difficulty obtaining food.PSAMATHIA ANNAE Hartlaub and FinschPsamathia annae Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 5,pi. 2. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula— i male,2 females, August 29, 30, September 4 ; Ngabad Island— i female,September 11,
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 67Warblers were found in jungle areas and in the new vegetationwhich was covering the battle-torn parts of Peleliu. This speciesoccurred in the same environment as the large white-eye, Rukiapalauensis, and the similarity between these two forms in the field isstriking. Stomachs contained insects.ACROCEPHALUS LUSCINIA LUSCINIA (Quoy and Gaimard)Thryothorus luscinius Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., vol. i, 1830,p. 202, pi. 5, fig. 2. (Guam.)Guam Island : Agafia Spring—2 males, i female, June 2 ; Piti
—
I male, June 13; Agat— i male, August 30.At Guam, reed warblers were found in association with the ex-tensive cane growths in fresh-water and brackish-water marshes.Birds appeared fairly numerous in some of these areas; their songscould be heard, but it was difficult to approach them. The birdsseemed shy and hopped about in the cane usually close to the ground.Fire appears to be a hazard to the reed warbler. During very dryperiods, its habitat might be easily destroyed by fire.Weights of three adult males from Guam are 29-35 (33), and ofone adult female 2"/. This bird was not found at Rota by our collectingparty. ACROCEPHALUS LUSCINIA SYRINX (Kittlitz)Sylvia Syrinx Kittlitz, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, vol. 2, 1835,p. 6, pi. 8. (Lugunor and "Ulcei," Caroline Islands.)McElroy found reed warblers in cane swamps at Moen, Udot, andDublon islands in the Truk Atoll. He saw birds carrying nestmaterials. Two adults examined in December had enlarged gonads.Specimens were lost in shipment.RHIPIDURA RUFIFRONS URANIAE OustaletRhipidura uraniae Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 5, 1881, p. 76.(Marianne group.)Guam Island : Ritidian Point—3 males, 2 females, i unsexed. May29, 30; Tarague— i male, July 12; Talofofo Bay—2 males, i female,June 14; Agfayan Bay— i male, i unsexed juvenile, June 6; PortAjayan—2 males, June 18.Fantails were found in forested areas where there was a thick under-cover of vines and shrubs. Birds collected in May and June were inmolt. Weights of nine males are 8.0-10.0 (9.0), of three females7-3-9.6 (8.8).
68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTION'S VOL. 10/RHIPIDURA RUFIFRONS MARIAE R. H. BakerRhipidura rufifrons mariac R. H. Baker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 59,1946, p. 77. (Rota Island, Mariana Islands.)Rota Island : Mariiru Point—2 males, October 22.The naval field party reported that this bird was numerous in theforested areas at Rota. Weights of two males are 8.5 and 9.0.RHIPIDURA LEPIDA Hartlaub and FinschRhipidura lepida Hartlaub axd Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 6.(Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (I'eleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula—2 males,I female, i juvenile male, August 29, 30, 31.At Peleliu, fantails were found in the forested regions and in thenew vegetation covering battle areas. One male had enlarged testes.MYIAGRA FREYCINETI OustaletMyiagra Frcycineti Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7, vol. 5, 1881, p.73. (Marianne Islands = Guam Island.)Guam Island: Ritidian Point— i male, i juvenile male, May 29,30; Tarague— i male, i juvenile male, July 12; Pati Point— i female,June 4; Mount Santa Rosa—2 males, i female, i nestling, May 21,June 24; Oca Point—2 females, January 21, March 16; AganaSwamp— I male, i unsexed, June 3, 4; Pagat Point— i unsexed,July 10; Pago River— i female, 2 juvenile males, July 23; Piti
—
1 juvenile male, June 13; Agat— i male, August 30; Talofofo Bay2 males, i unsexed, June 14.There appears to be considerable variation in the amount ofcinnamon coloring on the breast of adults. This character varies fromnearly white on some individuals to dark cinnamon on others. TheIjirds were found in brushy areas on Guam. An tgg found in a nestin a bamboo clump near Mount Santa Rosa on May 7 hatched onMay 20 (pi. 4, fig. 2). The nest was about 6 feet from the ground.Molting birds were taken in January, May, June, and July. Weightsof five adult males are 10.5-12.5 (11.9), of two adult females 11.4and 12.0. MYIAGRA OCEANICA PucheranMyiagra occanica Pucheran, Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., vol. 3, 1853, p. 77. (Hogo-leu = Truk.)Two adults with enlarged gonads were examined in December byMcElroy at Moen Island.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 69MYIAGRA ERYTHROPS Hartlaub and FinschMyiagra cryihrops Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868,p. 6. (Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula— i juve-nile male, i female, August 30; Ngabad Island— i male, i juvenilemale, September 11 ; Garakayo Island— i male, September 18.The Palau broadbill was not abundant in the southern Palaus in1945. It was observed most frequently on the smaller islands, Ngabadand Garakayo. It prefers the dense undergrowth of the jungles andsecond-growth scrub, where it is a much less conspicuous bird thanthe Palau fantail, Rhipidura lepida.Stomachs contained fragments of insects.COLLURICINCLA TENEBROSA (Hartlaub and Finsch)Rccics ienchrosa Hartlaub and Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 6.(Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Eastern Peninsula— i male, Sep-tember 6 ; Southeastern Peninsula—-3 males, i female, August 29, 30
;
September i; Ngabad Island— i male, i female, September 11;Garakayo Island—2 females, i juvenile male, September 18.This bird was found in woodland areas at all the islands visitedin the southern Palaus. It appeared to prefer heavy undergrowth andwas found in the scrub vegetation covering the battle areas (pi. 5,fig. i). Many of the specimens collected were in molt. Stomachscontained seeds, plant parts, and insects.APLONIS OPACUS GUAMI MomiyamaAplonis opaca giianii Momiyama, Birds of Micronesia, 1922, p. 9. (Guam.)Guam Island: Ritidian Point—3 males, 2 females, i juvenilefemale, ^lay 29; Amantes Point—4 males, 2 females, i juvenilemale, 2 juvenile females. May 25, 27; Dededo— i female, June 16;Oca Point—4 females, 5 juvenile females, January 21, 22, February5, March 8, 13, April 12, June 3, July 14, August 24; Pagat Point
—
I female, July 6; Agaiia Swamp—2 juvenile males, June 4, October8; Sinajana— i juvenile male, i unsexed, May 18, 22; TalofofoBay-— I male, June 14; Agfayan Bay— i female, i juvenile female,I unsexed, June 6, July 7; Port Ajayan— i female, June 18; AchangBay— I juvenile female, June 6. Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus4 males, 5 juvenile males, i juvenile female, October 18, 19,26, 27, November 2 : no locality— i juvenile male, i unsexed juvenile,October 27.
70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO7There are only slight differences among the measurements ofstarlings from Guam and Rota and from Saipan and Tinian. The fol-lowing measurements include those of specimens from the collectionsof the United States National Museum and the American Museum ofNatural History. The birds from Saipan and Tinian have a slightlylonger wing and a slightly thicker bill than birds from Guam and Rota.
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER 7ITruk (A. o. angus) . Adult birds exhibit no marked differences incolor or size. The streaked underparts of juvenile birds from theMarianas and of the single juvenile from Truk are brighter, whilethe juveniles from Ulithi have duller underparts. The birds fromUlithi are placed in A. o. angiis following the Handlist of JapaneseBirds, 3d ed., 1942, p. 188. The relation of these birds to A. o.kiirodai Momiyama, from Yap, has not been ascertained, since speci-mens from that island are not available for examination.Starlings were numerous at Truk Atoll. McElroy reported thatthe Japanese troops caught the birds for use as food. A number ofvery young individuals were seen in November and December. Amale examined in December had enlarged testes.At Ulithi Atoll, starlings were abundant (pi. 5, fig. 2). In Augusta large percent of the population had apparently just completed nest-ing activities, since a number of young individuals were observedbeing fed by adults. Most of the adults collected were in molt. Twomales had enlarged testes. Stomachs contained seeds and fruit parts.The natives at Fassarai Island considered the birds to be a choicefood item.APLONIS OPACUS ORII (Takatsukasa and Yamashina)Aplanis opaca orii Takatsukasa .\xd Yamashina, Dobutsu. Zasshi, vol. 43,1931, p. 458. (Coror, Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Asias—-i male, August 31 ; South-eastern Peninsula—3 males, 2 juvenile males, i juvenile female,August 28, 29, 30, September 5 ; Ngesebus Island— i juvenile female,September 20 ; Garakayo Island—2 juvenile females, September 19.The amount of green gloss on the feathers of these specimens doesnot dififer markedly from that found on the Ulithi birds (A. 0.angns). As is stated in the original description, there is some differ-ence in the depth of the bill of these races. The bill depth (at thenostril) of the Palau birds measures between 7 and 8, with one at8.5, while the bill depth of Ulithi specimens measures between 8 and9. Birds from the Palaus have the lower edge of the mandible gen-erally straighter while in the Ulithi birds this lower edge curvesdownward slightly adding to the depth. Juvenile specimens from thePalaus have dull underparts similar to those of juveniles from Ulithi.There is no size difference between birds of the two island groups.Many of the adults taken in August and September were in molt.Stomachs contained seeds, fruit parts, and insects.
^2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 10/MYZOMELA CARDINALIS SAFFORDI WetmoreMyzomela rubratra saffordi Wetmore, Proc. Biol. See. Washirtgton vol. 30,1917, pp. 117-118. (Guam, Marianne Islands.)Guam Island: Ritidian Point— i male, May 30; Tarague— i male,July 12; Pagat Point—2 males, i female, i juvenile male, July 6, 10;Yigo— I male. May 26 ; Tumon Bay—2 males, i female, June 8, 9
;
Oca Point—2 males, i female, January 22, June 2, 3 ; Agafia Swamp
—
2 males, i juvenile male, June 5, 25; Piti— i male, i unsexed, June13, 28; Ylig Bay—2 males, i juvenile male, July 19; Agfayan BayI male, 2 females, i juvenile female, June 6, July 7; Port Ajayan1 juvenile female, June 19; Achang Bay—2 males, i female, i ju-venile male, June 18, 19. Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus— i male, ijuvenile male, October 19.Honey-eaters were found in open woodland and in the coconutgroves (pi. 6). One pair of birds was found nesting in a tall banyantree on June 16. Many of the specimens collected in the period fromMay to November were in molt, although several birds with enlargedgonads were taken in June and July. Weights of birds from Guamare: 17 adult males 12.7-18.0 (15.0), and 5 adult females 10.4-15.0(12.7). MYZOMELA CARDINALIS KOBAYASHII MomiyamaMyzomela cardinalis kohayashii Momiyama, Birds of Micronesia, 1922, p. 19.(Pelew Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Southeastern Peninsula—5 males,2 females, 2 juvenile males, 2 unsexed, August 29, 30, 31, SeptemberI, 5-Three males collected had enlarged testes. Stomach contents in-cluded plant parts and seeds.MYZOMELA CARDINALIS MAJOR BonaparteMyzomela major Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 38, 1854, p.263. (Caroline Islands = Truk.)Truk Islands: Moen Island— i male, December 13.McElroy found honey-eaters on all islands visited. Three malesexamined in December had enlarged testes.ZOSTEROPS CONSPICILLATA CONSPICILLATA (Kittlitz)Dicaenm conspicillatum Kittlitz, Kupfert. Naturg. Vogel, vol. 2, 1832, p. 15,pi. 19, fig. I. (Guam.)Guam Island: Ritidian Point—5 males, i female, 2 juvenile males,I unsexed, May 29, 30, June 28, July 12; Tarague— i male, i un-
NO. 15 BIRDS OF THE PACIFIC WAR AREA BAKER "/^
sexed, July 12, 18; Agaiia Swamp—4 males, 2 females, 3 unsexed,June 2, 3, 25, October 8 ; Pago River— i male, July 23 ; Agat
—
I male, July 26.At Guam, the white-eye appeared restricted to certain areas on theisland. Birds were taken at five localities, where they were found insmall groups moving about in low trees. No evidence of nestingactivity was found although three males taken in June and July hadenlarged testes. It is possible that nesting may be concentrated in thewinter and spring months, though Scale (Occ. Pap. B. P. BishopMus., vol. I, 1901, p. 58) recorded three nests apparently found inMay, June, or July. Hartert (Nov. Zool., vol. 5, 1898, p. 57)recorded several nests taken in February and March. Six specimenstaken in June and July were in molt. Weights of 11 adult males are9.5-14.0 (10.5), of 3 adult females 8.0-10.0 (9.3).ZOSTEROPS CONSPICILLATA ROTENSIS Takatsukasa and YamashinaZosterops sempcri rotensis Takatsukasa and Yamashina, Dobutsu. Zasshi,vol. 43, 1931, p. 486. (Rota.)Rota Island: Sosan Isthmus—2 males, i female, October 18, 20;Mariiru Point— i juvenile male, i unsexed, October 22.I am following Stresemann (Mitt. Zool., vol. 17, 1931, p. 227) inplacing all the Micronesian bridled white-eyes in this one species.It is evident, however, that these races fall into rather distinct groups.Zosterops c. conspicillata at Guam and Z. c. saipani Dubois at Saipanand Tinian have a pale chin and throat, a light-colored fronto-loralband, which is very well marked in the form at Guam, and a broadwhite orbital ring. Z. c. rotensis from Rota, Z. c. semperi from thePalaus, Z. c. owstoni from Truk, and Z. c. takatsukasai Momiyamafrom Ponape have a bright yellow chin and throat, matching the restof the underparts, an obscure fronto-orbital band narrowly tinged withyellow, and a small white orbital ring. Z. c. hypolais Hartlaub andFinsch appears, from a study of the original description, to fall intoanother group, but no specimens are available for examination.At Rota, white-eyes were numerous. The specimens collectedwere in molt.ZOSTEROPS CONSPICILLATA SEMPERI HartlaubZosterops semperi Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 117. (PelewIslands.)Palau Islands: Garakayo Island—2 males, i female, i unsexed,September 18, 19.
74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I07Bridled white-eyes were found at only one locality at GarakayoIsland. Small flocks were found feeding in low trees at the edge ofa cliff. One male had enlarged testes. The other birds collected werein molt. ZOSTEROPS CONSPICILLATA OWSTONI HartertZosterops semperi owstoni Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 7, 1900, p. 2. (Ruk, CentralCarolines.)McElroy found these birds in upland areas at Moen and UdotIslands. Specimens collected were lost in shipment.ZOSTEROPS CINEREA FINSCHII (Hartlaub)Tephras finschii Hartlaub, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1868, p. 6, pi. 3. (PelewIslands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Eastern Peninsula—2 males, 2 fe-males, August 27 ; small island off Eastern Peninsula— i male, Sep-tember 10; Garakayo Island— i male, 5 females, September 18.Of the three species of white-eyes observed in the southern Palausby our field party, this bird was the most numerous. It was seen insmall flocks on forest edges. Most of the specimens collected were inmolt. Stomachs contained small seeds.RUKIA PALAUENSIS (Reichenow)Cleptornis palauensis Reichenow, Journ. Orn., 1915, p. 125. (Babeldzuap =Babelthuap, Palau Islands.)Palau Islands (Peleliu Island) : Eastern Peninsula—2 males,August 27, September 7 ; Southeastern Peninsula—3 males, 3 females,August 29, 30, September 4, 5, 6.These birds were found in the undisturbed jungle areas at Peleliu.They were observed as singles and did not have the gregarious habitscharacteristic of the other two species of white-eyes found in thePalaus. One male had enlarged testes ; some of the other specimenswere in molt. Stomachs contained insects and plant parts.ERYTHRURA TRICHROA CLARA Takatsukasa and YamashinaErythrura trichroa clara Takatsukas.\ and Yamashina, Tori, vol. 32, 1931,p. 110. (Ruk, Central Carolines.)Truk Islands : Moen Island— i female, December.McElroy found these birds at three localities on Moen Island inheavy vegetation along streams. The birds were seen in small flocks.One male examined in December had enlarged testes. No birds ofthis species were seen at Palau.
I
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 107, NO. 15, PL. 2
FAUALOP ISLAND, ULITHI ATOLL. SHOWING THE AMOUNT OF CLEARINGOF THE SMALL ISLAND FOR MILITARY INSTALLATIONSOfficial U. S. Navy photograph.
2. Woodlands along a Beach at peleliu
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 107, NO. 15, PL. 3
1. Mangrove Swamp at Peleliu. Used by phalacrocoraxmelanoleucos and nycticorax caledonicus
2. Brackish-water Marsh on Peleliu rsLAND. Used byGallfnula chloropus
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 107, NO. 15, PL. 4
1. EXTENSIVE TIDAL FLAT AT PELELIU. USED BY MIGRATORYShore Birds
2. myiagra freycineti on nest in bamboo clump, mountSanta Rosa, Guam
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 107, NO. 15, PL. 5
Vegetation Covering devastated Battle area. PeleliuIsland. l Year Following the invasion
2. JUNGLE Vegetation on Potangeras island. Ulithi Atoll,USED BY APLONIS OPACUS AND GYGIS ALBA
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OPEN JUNGLE. TYPICAL OF THE SOUTHERN MARIANASOfficial U. S. Marine Corps photograph.