SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 57, NUMBER 12CAMBRIANGEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
No. 12.-CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS OF THE ROBSON PEAKDISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA ANDALBERTA, CANADAWith F-'lates 55-59
BYCHARLES D. WAl COTT
(Publication 2186)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONJULY 24, 1913
TC^e £or6 (§a(timoto. {pteeeBALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY
IINo. 12.—CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS OF THE ROBSONPEAK DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA ANDALBERTA, CANADABy CHARLES D. WALCOTT(With Plates 55-59)CONTENTS PAGEIntroduction 328Geological section 329Location of the section 330Lower Cambrian 330Middle Cambrian 330L'pper Cambrian 330Ordovician 331Nomenclature 331Changes in names 331New names 332New formation names 334Stratigraphic section from Robson Peak north-northwest to Moose Pass. . 336Ordovician system 336Cambrian system 2>2>7Upper Cambrian 2>2i7Middle Cambrian 2i2>7Lower Cambrian 338LTnconformity by erosion 340Pre-Cambrian 340Summary of Robson district, stratigraphic section 341Summary of Mount Bosworth section, stratigraphic section 342Comparison of Robson section with Bosworth section 342Comparative stratigraphic sections 343Robson district 343Mount Bosworth section 343Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 57, No. 12 2>27
328 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57ILLUSTRATIONSPLATES PAGE55. Fig. I.—Panoramic view from Shio Point, looking down Moose RiverValley 334Fig. 2.—Panoramic view of Tah Peak, Mahto Mountain, and CalumetCreek 33456. Fig. I.—Looking south across Calumet Creek and Flats 336Fig. 2.—Looking southwest from south slope of Mahto Mountain.... 33657. Fig. I.—View from south slope of Mahto Mountain 338Fig. 2.—View from southwest slope of Titkana Peak 33858. Fig. I.—Panoramic view of the Robson massif 340Fig. 2.—Panoramic view of the Robson massif, with Hunga Glacierin foreground 34059. Figs. I and 2.—Panoramic view of Mural Glacier 342TEXT FIGURESII.—Near view of Tah Peak 33012.—Robson Peak from northwest slope of Mahto Mountain 331
INTRODUCTIONRobson, the most majestic known peak of the Canadian Rockies,is situated six miles (9.6 km.) north in a direct line from the FraserRiver and the Mount Robson station on the Grand Trunk PacificRailway, and thirty-two miles (51.2 km.) west-northwest of Yellow-head Pass on the Continental Divide. The Divide trends veryirregularly to the northwest and passes between Adolphus and BergLakes three and one-half miles (5.6 km.) north-northeast of thesummit of Robson. At this point a part of the water derived fromthe great Hunga Glacier (pi. 58, figs, i, 2) liows northeast intothe Smoky River drainage area of Alberta and thence through thePeace and Slave Rivers to Great Slave Lake and north through theMackenzie River to the Arctic Ocean. The larger stream flowssouthwest into Berg Lake and thence through the Grand Fork intoFraser River and on to the Pacific.For my present purpose I have included in the Robson Peak Dis-trict an area with a radius of about ten miles (16 km.) to the north-east and south from the summit of Robson. I was prevented by badweather from visiting the region west of the Peak and across thevalley of the Grand Fork. As seen from above it appears to beseparated by a great fault line from the Robson massif.After a short reconnaissance. I decided to examine the geological
NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 329
section between Robson Peak and Moose Pass, an air line distanceof nine and one-half miles (15.2 km.).Robson Peak is in a broad, shallow syncline that is more or lessbroken about its outer limits by faults and minor displacements ofthe strata. To the northeast and east of the Peak, ridge after ridgeexposes the strata that slope in toward the Robson massif and thuspresent a fine opportunity to study the downward extension of thestratigraphic section from Robson to Moose Pass, where a greatfault cuts out the base of the Cambrian series of the region andin the ridges of the Tokana Mountains (pi. 55, fig. i) east andsoutheast of Moose Pass repeats the Upper and possibly MiddleCambrian beds of Lynx, Phillips (pi. 57, fig. 2), and Titkana Moun-tains east of Robson.GEOLOGICAL SECTIONThe oldest Cambrian beds occur on the southwest side of MoosePass (pi. 55, fig. i). From there the strata are well exposed in TahPeak, a sharp point (fig. Ii) above the Pass, and then in severalridges to the south on the eastern side of the upper Smoky Rivervalley. The line of the section passes through Tah Peak southwestto Mahto Mountain (pi. 55, fig. 2), and south across Coleman Brook,Hota Clififs, Chetang Cliffs, and Tatay Cliff's (pi. 56, fig. 2), thencesouth-southeast over Titkana Peak to Phillips and Lynx Mountains(pi. 57, fig. 2) and the ridges to the southeast of Robson Peak. Thisirregular course of the section is necessary in order to obtain ex-posures of the strata free from snow fields and glaciers, but by fol-lowing the strike of the strongly marked strata it was not difficult tomaintain a practically continuous section.The time available for actual field work was greatly limited duringthe season of 1912 by the unusual rainfall. This condition and alsothe necessity of making a general reconnaissance before determiningwhere to establish the typical section prevented careful measure-ments and the working out of detailed sections. Several horizonswere found containing fossils and rather careful estimates made ofthe thickness of the various formations between Tah Pass and thesummit of Robson.The oldest rocks noted were quartzite sandstones on the south-west side of Moose Pass and the valley of Moose River below thePass. The contact of the Lower Cambrian sandstone with the pre-Cambrian rocks was not seen in the Robson District, but to thenorth, west, south, and southeast of Yellowhead Pass it is finely
330 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57
shown in Mount McEvoy and Yellowhead Mountain, Mount Fitz-william, and other high points from eight to twenty miles (12.8 km.to 32 km.) east of the mouth of the Moose River.Location of the section.—The location of the section is graphicallyshown by the photographs reproduced on plates 55-59. These willenable the future student of the geology of the region to recognizethe localities and the general position of the formation.Lozi'er Cmnhrian.—In figure i, plate 55, the lowest Cambrianbeds of the Robson section are shown at the foot of Tab Peak.These are more clearly seen in the text figure No. 11. In figure 2,plate 55, the sandstones of the Tab formation and of the lower bedsof the superjacent Mahto formation slope to the southwest and passbeneath Mahto Mountain, while the higher beds of the Mahto for-mation form the south face of the mountain. In figure i, plate 56,the masses of strata forming Tah Peak and ]\Iahto Mountain areclearly outlined.The Hota formation on the w-est and southwest slope of MahtoMountain is shown on the left side of figure 2, plate 56. It formsthe slope in the foreground, also in the ridge back, and passesbeneath limestones of the Chetang formation at Coleman Brook.Middle Cambrian.—The Chetang limestones rest on the Hota for-mations on the west side of Coleman Brook and form the ChetangCliff above the brook (pi. 56, fig. 2; pi. 57, fig. i) for 900 feet.Above, the siliceous limestones of the Tatay formation formthe Tatay Cliffs, and west of the latter the thin-bedded arenaceouslimestones and shales of the Hitka formation carry the section upto the massive-bedded arenaceous limestones of the Mumm forma-tion. The latter occur on the westward slope of the ridge east-northeast of the lower end of Lake Adolphus. All these MiddleCambrian strata occur between Coleman Brook and the west slopeof the point ( marked " x " on pi. 56, fig. 2 ; pi. 57, fig. i ) northeastof the summit of Titkana Peak.The Titkana formation forms the north and west slopes of Tit-kana Peak, and extends over the summit toward Snowbird Pass(pi. 57, fig. 2) and the summit of Titkana Peak as seen in figure i,plate 58.The Middle Cambrian formations also form the mountains westof the Smoky River, as beautifully shown by figure i. plate 57.Upper Cambrian.—The Lynx formation of the Upper Cambrianbegins on the south slope of Titkana Peak near Snowbird Pass, andextends over PhilHps Mountain (pi. 57, fig. 2), and into the base ofBillings Butte.


NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 33
1
Oi'dovician.—The Robson formation (pi. 58, fig. i,) is consideredto extend from the summit of Robson some 3,000 feet down. Thisestimate is based on the view obtained from BilHngs Butte (pi. 5.8,fig. 2) of the Upper Cambrian beds as they extend along the baseof Mount Resplendent into Robson. There is abundant opportunityfor error as to the actual thickness of the strata, but I think it is onthe side of too low an estimate and that in the future a greaterthickness will be assigned to the Ordovician of the Robson massif.One element that could not be estimated for is the faults that havedropped and tipped the mass of strata forming the Helmet betweenRobson and lyatunga. NOMENCLATUREAlthough not an original explorer of the Robson Peak District, itfell to my lot to be the first to study the geologic section, and in thisconnection it was necessary to apply additional names in order toproperly locate, describe, and name the geologic formations.Changes in }iaincs.—Of the names previously used and printed onthe Wheeler map of 1912,' I thought it might be well to change thefollowing
:
i. Ptarmigan Peak to Titkana (bird) Peak.2. Rearguard to lyatunga (black rock) Mountain.3. Extinguisher to Billings Butte.4. Robson Glacier to Hunga (chief) Glacier.5. Mount Robson to Robson Peak.6. East Branch Moose River to Moose River.7. West Branch Moose River to Hihuna (owl) River.8. ]\Iount Toot-toot to McEvoy Mountain.My reasons for the above changes are
:
1. The name " Ptarmigan " has been applied to a mountain and alake north of Laggan in Alberta.2. " Rearguard " does not appear to be an appropriate name forone of the great portals of the main glacier.3. " Extinguisher " was given by Coleman to a butte that is of thegreatest geologic importance as it is made up of rocks containingthe finest Cambro-Ordovician fauna yet known in Western Canada.The name " Billings " is proposed for this butte in honor of E.Billings, the distinguished Canadian paleontologist, who describedthe famous Cambro-Ordovician fauna of Point Levis, Province ofQuebec, and Western Newfoundland.
' Canadian Alpine Journal. Vol. 4, 1912.
332 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 5/
4. The name " Robson " has be^n used for six distinct features
:
Robson Peak, Mihon and Cheadle, 1865.Robson Cirque, Wheeler, 1912.Robson Pass, Coleman, 1908.Robson Glacier, Wheeler, 1912, = Main Glacier, Coleman, 1908,,= Great Glacier, Collie, 1912.Lake Robson, Collie, 1912, p. 226.Robson Park, Government of British Columbia, 1913.Thinking that the name " Robson " is somewhat over-applied Ihave suggested the Indian name " Hunga " (= chief) for the greatglacier.5. " Robson Peak "' is the name given by Milton and Cheadle,1865, and used by McEvoy on his map of 1900. There does notappear to be any good reason for changing it to " Mount Robson,"'as it is the highest " Peak " in the Canadian Rockies.6. The name " Moose River " should be extended up the mainriver to its head below Moose Pass, as the so-called " West Branch "^is quite a distinct stream and should bear a distinct name.7. Hihuna ^ (owl) River drains the southeast side of the RobsonPeak area. It is a large stream and its valley is one of the mostbeautiful features of the Robson District. At its upper end Resplen-dent Valley is very attractive. In the future the broad flat slopes ofthe Hihuna will be a favorite camping place when made accessibleby a well-graded road. Hihuna River is the west branch of MooseRiver as given on the Wheeler map.8. " Mount Toot-toot," north of Yellowhead Pass, I am callingMcEvoy Mountain after J. McEvoy, who first made a map of thisarea. The mountain furnishes a fine illustration of the Cambrianrocks overlying the pre-Cambrian of the Yellowhead Pass.New names.—A number of names are here given to certainmountains and points that are indicated on the photographs. Theyare mostly derived from the language of the Assiniboine Indians.Of these names, the following have received the approval of theGeographic Board of Canada
:
lyatunga^ (black rock) for the mountain southwest of PlungaGlacier (pi. 58, fig. i).Titkdna (bird) for the peak on the northeast side of HungaGlacier (pi. 58, fig. i).Chetdng (hawk) for the line of cliffs above and southwest ofColeman Glacier (pi. 56, fig. 2).
^ The accent mark is used here merely to indicate the syllable to be accented.
NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 333The following additional names are used in this paper and mayin due time come before the Geographic Board for its consideration
:
Billings Butte (pi. 57, fig. 2), a rocky butte rising above HungaGlacier on a north ridge of Mount Resplendent and west of LynxMountain. (The Extinguisher of Coleman.) Named in honor ofthe late Mr. E. Billings of the Geological Survey of Canada.Chapa (beaver) Point, northwest point above Mural Brook andSmoky River at the southern end of Shota Mountain (pi. 57, fig. i).Chushina (small) Glacier, west slope of Phillips Mountain (pi. 57,fig. 2).Chupo (fog, mist) Glacier, southwest glacier of northwest snowfield of Robson Peak (pi. 58, fig. i).Hihnna (owl) River, west branch of Moose River extending intoResplendent Valley.Hitkd (brown) Mountain, south point above Mural Brook andabove Smoky River and Mural Glacier (pi. 57, fig. i).Hota (gray) Cliffs, of southwest slope of Mahto Mountain aboveColeman Brook (pi. 57, fig. i).Hunga (chief) Glacier, great north glacier of Robson Peak =Robson Glacier of Wheeler (pi. 58, fig. i).Hutani (east) Mountain, 2.75 miles (4.4 km.) west-northwest ofYellowhead Pass on the Continental Divide.McEvoy Mountain, point on Continental Divide northwest of Yel-lowhead Pass. Named in honor of James McEvoy who surveyedthe Yellowhead Pass region.McLaurin Mountain (9,004 feet), northwest of Berg Lake. TheWhitehorn east station of the Wheeler map.McNaughton Mountains, mountain ridges between Moose Riverand Grant Creek, of which Mowatt Mountain is the southeasternpoint. Named in honor of Mrs. McNaughton, w'ho crossed theYellowhead Pass and was the author of a book on the subject in1862.Mahto (grizzly-bear) Mountain, between Smoky River and Calu-met Creek (pi. 55, fig. 2).Miniohan (through the water) Mountains, west and northwest ofRobson Peak, across the Valley of a Thousand Falls (pi. 58, fig. i).Phillips Mountain (9,542 feet). Named for Donald Phillips whoclimbed Robson Peak with Dr. Kinney in 1909 (pi. 57, fig. 2).Sdpa (black) Mountain, ridge northeast of Smoky River andnorthwest of Calumet Creek.Shio (grouse) Point, high point northwest of Moose Pass.
334 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57Shota (smoke) Mountains, southwest side of Smoky River, belowmouth of Cahnnet Creek (pi. 57. fig. i).Tail (moose) Mountain (8,817 feet), peak southwest side ofMoose Pass (pi. 55, figs, i, 2; pi. 56, fig. i).NEW FORMATION NAMES tEETROBSON LIMESTONES.— [Ordovician] massive and thin-bedded lime-stones forming the upper portion of Robson Peak.Estimated thickness 3,000Fauna.—Fossils occur near the base where there is a comminglingof Upper Cambrian and Ordovician types ; also from higher up,where numerous Lingulae of Ordovician characteristics occur.
^
LYNX LIMESTONES.—[Upper Cambrian] thin-bedded gray andbluish-gray limestone with bands of shale.Estimated thickness 2,100Fauna.—None found.Name derived from Lynx Mountain, which is almost entirelyformed of the strata included in the formation.TITKANA LIMESTONES.— [Middle Cambrian] massive beds of thinlayers of bluish-gray limestone, interbedded with bands ofdolomitic limestone.Estimated thickness 2,200Fauna.—Characteristic Middle Cambrian fossils, which may becompared with the fauna of the Stephen formation that occurs200 miles (321.8 km.) to the south.Name derived from Titkana Peak, where the formation is exten-sively developed.MUMM LIMESTONES.— [Middle Cambrian] massive-bedded grayarenaceous limestones.Estimated thickness 600Fauna.—No fossils.Nanie derived from ]\Iumm Peak, where the limestones form theupper part of the mountain.KITKA FORMATION.— [Middle Cambrian] alternating bands or thinlayers of arenaceous limestones and shales.Estimated thickness 1,700Fauna.—No fossils.Name derived from Hitka iIMountain that rises above Smoky RiverValley east of Mumm Peak and north of Titkana Peak.TATAY LIMESTONES.— [Middle Cambrian] massive-bedded grayarenaceous limestones.Estimated thickness 800Fauna.—No fossils.Name derived from Tatay Cliffs, east of Lake Adolphus and north-west of Titkana Peak.
^ For lists of fossils see detailed geologic section, pp. 336-340.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSPaha Mt. Tokana Mountains
Fig. t.—Panoramic view from Shio Point, looking down Moose River Valley. The stUpper Cambrian age. A fanlt line with a throw of about 9,000 feet has thrust the Lowt
Moose Pass = M. P. Tah Peak Lynx Mt. — L.
Fig. 2.—Panoramic view of Tah Peak, Mahto Mountain, and Calumet Creek. On theare Titkana Peak and Rohson Peak. On the right Calumet Creek with Mum-
Moose River Valley Moose MahpiyaPass Snow Field Tall Peak vol. 67, NO. 12, PL. SBLynx Mt.
^he niouiitains on the right of tlie Pass are of Lower Cambrian age, and those on the left ofian over the Upper Cambrian on the line of the Pass. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912.Robson MahtoTitkana Peak Peak Mt.=_T. = R. = Ma. Mumm Peak= M. GendarmeMural Glacier Mt.= M. G. = G.
(ahin-.et Creek = C.Si Peak slopes to the northwest, merging into Mahto Monntain, and beyond in the distance•Hand to the right of the Peak xMural Glacier. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912.

NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 335CHETANG LIMESTONES.— [Middle Cambrian] bluish-gray thin-bedded limestones.Estimated thickness 900Fauna.—Characteristic fossils of the lower portion of the MiddleCambrian, found at two horizons.Name derived from Chetang Cliffs above Coleman G'p.cier, northof Titkana Peak.HOTA FORMATION.— [Lower Cambrian] gray arenaceous limestonesand siliceous shales alternating with massive quartzitic sand-stone.Estimated thickness 800Fauna.—Olenellus and other genera characteristic of the upperpart of the Lower Cambrian.Name derived from Hota Cliffs rising above Coleman Brook whichruns along the southwest base of Mahto Mountain.MAHTO SANDSTONES.—[Lower Cambrian] massive-bedded quartz-itic sandstone with bands of siliceous shale.Estimated thickness 1.800Fauna.—Fragments of Olenellus in the upper portion on MahtoAlountain.Name derived from ]\lahto ,]\Iountain, which faces the valley onthe south side of Calumet Creek east of Smoky River.TAH FORMATION.—[Lower Cambrian] siliceous shale and inter-bedded siliceous limestones.Estimated thickness 800Fauna.—No fossils found.Name derived from Tah Mountain, east-northeast of Mahto JMoun-tain and southwest of Moose Pass. The formation occurs justabove the Pass at the base of the mountain.McNAUGHTON SANDSTONES.— [Lower Cambrian] quartzitic sand-stones.Estimated thickness 500Fauna.—No fossils found.Name derived from McNaughton Mountain, situated opposite themouth of the Hihuna River where it enters Moose River.MIETTE SANDSTONES.— [Pre-Cambrian] Belt series, massive graysandstones with interbedded siliceous shales.Estimated thickness 2,000-f-Fauna.—No fossils found.Name derived from Miette River, which cuts through the Mietteformation for manv miles in the vicinity of Yellowhead Pass.
336 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57STRATIGRAPHIC SECTION FROM ROBSON PEAKNORTH-NORTHWEST TO MOOSE PASSORDOVICIAN SYSTEM ^^^ROBSON LIMESTONES.—Light-gray or dove-colored and bluish-graythin-bedded limestones, forming massive strata on cliff ex-posures 3,000The upper 1,500 feet of Robson Peak are practicallyinaccessible. The limestones appear to be more massive-beddedand arenaceous than the strata below. They weather likethe great arenaceous limestones of the Kicking Horse Passsection 150 miles to the south. Large blocks of the arenaceousand dolomitic buff-weathering limestone, also siliceous andcalcareous gray shale with buff-weathering magnesian lime-stone in thin layers, were brought down from high up onMount Robson by the central moraine of Hunga Glacier.There is no known well-defined lithological break between theOrdovician and the Cambrian. A line is now tentatively drawnin a series of thin-bedded and shaly limestones, at BillingsButte, where there is a commingling of the lower Ordovicianand Upper Cambrian faunas.Fauna.— (6iu) In the gray thin-bedded limestones brought downby Chupo Glacier on the northeast slope of Robson Peak fourspecies of fossils were found that indicate an horizon very closeto if not within the base of the Ordovician :Lingulella cf. L. manticula WhiteAcrotrcta sp. undt.HyoUthes sp. undt.Ptychoparia sp. undt.In Billings Butte (Locality 6in) in the upper part of theshaly limestone the fossils are distorted. The collectionincludes a Lingulepis that appears to be identical with Lin-gulella (Lingulepis) acuminata Conrad, and a species ofAsaphus the fragments of which indicate a rather large species.Below the Lingulepis zone, limestones occur interbedded inthe shaly layers that indicate by the contained fossils the baseof the Ordovician. Locality 6iq^ is in Billings Butte which risesabove Hunga Glacier 2.5 miles (4 km.) north of the summitof Mount Resplendent (fig. 2, pi. 58). The following faunawas collected
:
Lingulella cf. L. isse Walcott Hungia billingsi n. sp.Acrothele sp. undt. Triorthrus sp. undt.Acrotreta cf. A. sagittalis Salter Solenopleura sp. undt.Eoorthis desmopleura Meek Peltura (Pygidia)Eoorthis ? ApatocephalusSyntrophia nundina Walcott Chuangia robsonensis n. sp.Bellerophon sp. undt.^ lUcenurus n. sp. (a)Orthoceras sp. undt. ' Illcenurus n. sp. (b)Agnostus sp. undt.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSShio Point = S. Tokana Mts. = T. Moose Pass = M.
CalLimet CreekFiG. I.—Looking south across Calumet Creek and Flats. In the center Tah Peak ; |the Tokana Mountains and Call
Mt. Mahto = Ma. Mahpiya Snow Field Coleman Glacier= Mp. — C.
Fig. 2.—Looking southwest from south slope of Mahto Mountain. On the left Cok iwith Rohson Peak in the di
ah Peak Mahpiya Snow Field. VOL. 67, NO. 12, PL. 66Mahto Alt.
gilt Mahpiya snow field and the dark mass of Mahto Mountain ; to the left of Tah Peaktjik. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912. lyatiinga Robson MinioliaiMt. Peak RangeTitkana Peak = T. =1. = R. = Mi.
';ninn Brouk = C. B.;r and Creek and rising above the creek Chctang Cliffs, Tatay Cliff, and 'i'itkana Mountain.,>otograph by C, D. W., 1912.

NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 2>2)7CAMBRIAN SYSTEMUPPER CAMBRIANLYNX LIMESTONES.—Thin-bedded bluish-gray limestone with inter-bedded bands of light gray shale, and at the base a band ofabout 200 feet in thickness of gray, greenish and reddish-brown shale 2,100Fauna.—No fossils were found below the arbitrary line drawn atthe base of the shaly limestones containing the fauna fromLocality 6iq. MIDDLE CAMBRIANTITKANA LIMESTONES.—Massive-bedded bluish-gray limestone inthin layers interbeddcd with gray siliceous, buff-weatheringlimestone that occurs in bands 50 to 100 feet thick 2,200This formation is best seen in the west slopes of TitkanaPeak and lyatunga Mountain. Fossils were found at twohorizons that clearly correlate the lower part of the Titkanaformation with the Stephen formation of Mount Stephen.Fauna.—At the upper horizon the following species occur(Locality 6iv) i mile (1.6 km.) each of summit of TitkanaPeak in clifif above Hunga Glacier:Micromitra senobia WalcottObolus mcconnelli WalcottObolus septalis WalcottAcrotreta of. depressa WalcottWimanella ? borcalis n. sp.Hyolithes carinatiis MatthewSelkerkia major WalcottAgnostus mantis MatthewZacanthoides spiiiosits WalcottKootania dawsoni WalcottPtyclwparia n. sp.Of the above all but Wimanella ? borealis occur in theStephen formation.At an horizon estimated to be 1,000 feet lower, the fol-lowing genera are represented in the collection from localities61 1 and 6im, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km.) west-northwest of thesummit of Titkana Peak on slopes above Lake Adolphus
:
Acrothele GlenoidesAcrotreta cf. sagiffalis Salter ZacanthoidesAgnostus PtychopariaMUMM LIMESTONES.—Massive-bedded, gray siliceous limestoneweathering to gray and buff tints on cliffs 600Exposed at northwest base of Titkana Peak and north faceof Mumm Peak.Fauna.—No fossils found.
338 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57HITKA FORMATION.—Alternating bands of gray thin-bedded arena-ceous limestone and siliceous, arenaceous, and argillaceousshales, that form very striking broken cliffs and steep slopes. . 1,700This formation forms high slopes along the valley of SmokyRiver below Lake Adolphus and east of Mumm Peak.Fauna.—No fossils found.TATAY LIMESTONES.—Massive-bedded gray siliceous and arenaceouslimestones 800Fauna.—-No fossils found.CHETANG LIMESTONES.—Bluish-gray, thin-bedded limestones form-ing a cliff beneath the Tatay formation [limestones], a talusslope of about 100 feet, and then a second cliff above ColemanGlacier and Brook 900This formation is well shown in Chetang Cliff, 3 miles(4.8 km.) north of the summit of Titkana Mountain.Fauna.—At about 100 feet (30 m.) from the summit of the forma-tion (61 0) :Nisusia sp. undt. ,Zacanthoides sp. undt.Bathyuriscus sp. undt.At about 350 feet (105.6 m.) down in the formation at top oflower cliff (6ip) the following fauna occurs:AlbertcUa boszvorthi Walcott (Occurs at about same horizonin Mount Bosworth section').In a drift block (Locality 6iw) the following species werefound :Albertclla cf. bosworthi WalcottAlbertella n. sp.Agraiilos sp. undt.Ptychoparia sp.LOWER CAMBRL'VNHOTA FORMATION.—Massive-bedded arenaceous limestone in greatbands of light and dark gray color with a band of gray, pinkish-weathering limestone at the top that forms the south slope ofthe ridge on the north side of Coleman Brook and the south-west spur of Mahto iMountain 800Fauna.—Fragments of Olenellus, etc., were found in the upperlayers of the formation on the line of the section.At Locality 6is, west slope of Mahto Mountain about 300 feet(90 m.) from the top,Olenellus canadensis Walcott.At Locality 6it, gray siliceous limestone near top of theformation on west slope of Mahto Mountain,Olenellus sp. undt.Flychoparia ?
' Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, 1908, No. 5. p. 214.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
Titkana Peak = T. Robson lyatungaPeak Mt. Miniohan Mts= R. =1. Berg Lake = B. =^ Mi.
Coleman Brook = C. B.Pig. I.—View from the south slope of Mahto Mountain, showing on the left Coleman Ciand to the right of Berg Lake, Mumm Peak, Hitka Mountain, Chapa Point, ;Chushina Phillips Mt.Glacier (9,542 ft.) Ly.i
Fig. 2.—View from southwest slope of Titkana Peak, looking south. On the left Phillips IVto the right Mount Resplendent, Billings Butte, and portions of Hunga Glacier. Photognportions of Plunga Glacier.
VOL. 67, NO. 12, PL. B?
Mumni Peak = M. Hitka Mt. — H. Gendarrrn; Mt. := G. ShotaMts.Chapa Point ;= C. = S.
|, Smoky River = S. R. Ilota Cliffs = II. C. Smoky River = S. R.tnfabove Chetang Cliff, Tatay Cliff, and Titkana Mountain. In the distance Robson Peak,ililShota iMountain rising above Smoky River. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912.Mt. Resplendent = Rs.(11,173 ii-) Billings IlungaButte Glacier= B. = H. G
^iinvith the slope toward Snowliird Pass. Back of Phillips ^Mountain, Lyn.x Moinitain, and
' U. W., 191 2. Fig. 2 joins fig. 2 of plate 58, forming a panoramic view of the upper

NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 339At Locality 6ik, 2.5 miles (4 km.) west of 6it beneath thenorth face of IMumm Peak and just above Mural Glacier, thefollowing 12 species were found in a band of dark siliceousshale :PlanoHtes (Annelid trail.)Cystid ? sp. undt.
^ingulella cliupo WalcottLingidella hitka WalcottObolcUa liota WalcottObolclla cf. chroiiiatica BillingsHyoUthes sp. undt.Callavia cucharis WalcottCallazna pcrfccta WalcottWanneria occidens WalcottOlencllus trueiiiani WalcottHyuicnocaris sp. undt.Agraitlos sp.MAHTO SANDSTONES.—Massive-bedded quartzitic sandstones withthin-bedded hard sandstones and dirty grayish-brown shale inthin bands i ,SooThis series extends down the northeast face of Mahto Moun-tain and the slope of Tab Mountain nearly 800 feet (241 m).Fauna.—No fossils found.TAH FORMATION.—Hard, green and purple siliceous shales withirregular massive beds of gray and purple, compact limestoneinterbedded in central portion SooFauna.—No fossils found.McNAUGHTON SANDSTONES.—Light gray, massive-bedded quartz-itic sandstone S00+Fauna.—No fossils found.At ]\Ioose Pass there are only a few layers of this forma-tion exposed, but to the southwest toward Yellowhead Pass thesandstones have a thickness estimated at 500 feet (151 m.) .This, however, is very uncertain as it is difficult to determinethe line of demarcation between the sandstone of Cambrianand pre-Cambrian (Belt) age.
340 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57UNCONFORMITY BY EROSIONPRE-CAMBRIANBELT SERIES, MIETTE FORMATION.—Massive-bedded gray sand-stones with thick bands of gray and greenish siliceous shales. . 2,000-}-The best exposures seen of the Belt series were along bothsides of Yellowhead Pass from the vicinity of Grant Brookon the west to Fitzhugh on the east.In the Yellowhead Pass the cuts of the Grand Trunk Pacific andthe Canadian Northern railroads afford fine sections of the Miettesandstones and shales. Some of the layers of sandstone are cleanand fresh, but most of the rock suggests deposition of the sand inmuddy water.It may be that more than one formation occurs in the Belt series,but without detailed study and mapping it will be difficult to de-termine the limits to be assigned to the strata provisionally groupedin the Miette formation.On both the north and south sides of Yellowhead Pass the Mietteformation occurs in rounded, wooded ridges that rise over 2,500feet (754 m.) above the Pass. To the north the Cambrian ofMcEvoy Mountain rises as great castelated masses on the northwestside of Miette River, and on the west side Hutam Mountain formsan outlying butte of Cambrian sandstone and limestone.To the south of the Pass the banded cliffs of Cambrian rocks inMount Fitzwilliam and Mount Pelee rise high above their base ofMiette sandstones.At the Pass the valley is essentially the same type as the valley ofBow River near Laggan. In both, the valley is eroded in the Beltseries of impure sandstones and the Cambrian sandstones and lime-stones form high, bold mountains to the north and south of the valley.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS
TitkanaPeak HungaPhillips Mt. Glacier= P. = H. G. Iyatung:i .\(9,000 tt.:
Fig. I.—Panoramic view of the Robson massif from a point on the ridge south of Munimon left side of Hunga Glacier, water on right flowing to tlMt. Resplendent = Rs. Billings Butte = B. riLinga Glacier
Fig. 2.—Panoramic view of the Robson massif and adjoining mountains, with the great Hji;above the glacier on the slope of Titkana Pet
VOL. 67, NO. 12, PL. 68Blue Glacier Robson Peak= B. (13,000 ft.
J
Chupo Glacier
Berg Lake Miniohan Mountains
a[l i,8oo feet (546 m. ) above Berg Lake. The Continental Divide passes over the rock knollif|, on left to the Arctic Ocean. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912.
Ijbson Peak lyatunga Mt.
vjl>,ier in the foreground. The photograph was taken from a point nearh- 2,000 feet (604 m.)vvn'n figure i. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912.

NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 341SUMMARY OF ROBSON DISTRICTSTRATIGRAPHIC SECTION
Formation Character Estimatedthicknessin feet
Ordoviciai
342 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 57SUMMARY OF MOUNT BOSWORTH SECTIONSTRATIGRAPHIC SECTION
Formations Character
P
Sherbrooke TGray, partly cherty limestones . ...i Oolitic limestones and shaly band,t Arenaceous dolomitic limestone. ..
Feet
590610p ^ ^ Massive-bedded liluish-gray limestone^^^ i Oolitic limestone with bands of shaleBosworth fGray, arenaceous, dolomitic limestoneI Shaly and thin-bedded dolomitic lime-j stone with two bands of shaleLShales
60300±600 -|-
1
987
I268 I<\ rSiliceous and arenaceous limestone . . 788Eldon 1' Bluish-gray limestone ' 95L Arenaceous limestone 1,845r Thin-bedded, dark and bluish-grayStephen -j limestone 315L Alternating limestones and shale ' 325
r f Thin-bedded limestonesAlount Whyte \ Sandstone
St. Piran
22431
I
Siliceous shale 115LGray limestone | 20
f Sandy shales and quartzitic sandstones
I as exposed at Lake AgnesLake Louise ^ Compact siliceous shale as exposed at) Lake Louise
f Quartzitic sandstones as exposed at
I Lake LouiseFairviewTotal thickness of sections examined
Feet
1.3753604-
1,855+
2,738
640
^5 I Cathedral.... ] Arenaceous dolomitic limestone ' i,595 ' i,595

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSBase of Munim Peak
Gendarme Mt. = G.
Figs, i and 2.—Panoramic view of Mural Glacier. In the lower cliff on the left at " x " pforeground is covered with loose rock and debris, and the cliff over which
VOL. 67, NO. 12, PL. 69Gendarme Mt. = G.
Shota Mts. Cliajta Point Valley ot Sapa Mts.Smoky River = S.
J) above the camp fire Lower Cambrian fossils are abundant. The entire glacier in the
-tumbles is formed of Lower Cambrian rocks. Photograph by C. D. W., 1912.

NO. 12 CAMBRIAN FORMATIONS ROBSON PEAK DISTRICT 343(pp. 341, 342) and in the detailed sections (pp. 336-340) for theRobson section and for the Bosworth section in my paper on theCambrian sections of the Cordilleran area.^COMPARATIVE STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONSROBSON DISTRICT ^^O^NT BOSWORTHSECTIONFormations Formations
FeetUpper Cambrian Lynx 2,100Titkana 2,200Miimm 600Middle Cambriani ^'^}''' ''1?^
' 1 atay 800Chetang 900
•- 6,200
Feet1,375 Sherbrooke360 Paget1.855+ Bosworth3.590+2.728 Eldon640 .... Stephen1,595 . . .Cathedral4.963
,