KEVISION OF THE BEETLES OF THE GENUS DISONYCHAOCCURRING IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO
By Doris Holmes BlakeAssistant Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department ofAgriculture
HISTORY OF THE GENUSThe generic name Disomjcha Chevrolat first appeared in theDejean Catalogue of 1837 ^ with 31 species listed under it. In 1844Chevrolat - defined the genus as follows
:
Disonycha (5/s deux, '6vv^ ongle). Geure de Col^opt^res tetrameres, familledes Cycliques, tribu des Alticites, cr^e par nous, et adopts par M. Dejean, qui,daus son Catalogue, en enuniere 30 [sic] especes, dont 26 appartiennent kI'Amerique, 3 & I'Afriqiie australe et une a I'Asie. Nous citerons, parrai lespremieres, les D. glahrata, conjugata, caroliniana et collaris (altica) de Fabricius,5-lincata, 6-Uneata d'Olivier, et Jf-vittata d'lUiger. Les insectes qui composentce g. sont de moyeune grandeur ; presque tons ont les elytres noires avecdes lignes longitudinales jauues ; leurs tibias sont terniinfe ext^rieurement pardeux ongles excessivenient petits.Of the original 31 species listed in the Dejean Catalogue, at least6 of the North and South American species had been previouslydescribed, possibly more. Of these, only four are now considered asbelonging to the genus Dhonycha. Galleruca coUaris Fabricius ^ isnot recognizable, and Haltica quadrivittata Illiger * was listed b}'^Illiger under the group Oedipodes. The remainder are : Crioceriscaroliniana Fabricius,^ C. gJahnita Fabricius,*' C. collata Fabricius,''and Haltica conjuncta Germar.^ Since no previous designationseems to have been made, Crioceris collata^ the most definitely de-scribed of the North American species included by Chevrolat (inDejean), is hereby designated as the type of the genus.
1 Catalogue des col^optferes de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean, p. 414, 1837.2 D'Orbigny, Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle, vol. 5, p. 81, 1844.
= Fabricius, Entomologia systematica, suppl., p. 97, 1798.
* Illiger, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 106, 1807."Fabricius, Systema entomologiae, p. 122, 1775.* Fabriciu.s, Species insectorum, vol. 1, p. 156, 1781.
'Fabricius, Systema Eleutlieratorum, vol. 1, p. 463, 1801.* Germar, Insectorum species, p. 610, 1824.No. 2969.?Proceedings U. S. National Museum. Vol. 82, Art. 2817.5870?33 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82The earlier species of Disonycha?caroliniana, glabrata, conjugata,coUata, and discoidea?were described by Fabricius in the generaCrioceris^ Chrysomela, and Galleruca. Later he referred them allto Galhriica, with the exception of Grioceris collata^ the only onehaving blue, unicolorous elytra, and Ghrysomela discoidea^ not avittate form. Olivier (1789)'' placed caroliniana and glabrata^ andlater ^? conjugata and collata^ in Altica, a name emended by Illiger(1807) to Haltica, and this name in one spelling or the other wasused for species of Disonycha, as well as other flea beetles, till longafter the publication of the Dejean Catalogue, not only in Europeanworks but in descriptions by the early American coleopterists Harris,Say, and LeConte. Melsheimer ^^ (1847) was the first in Americato describe a species under the name Diso7iycha, and he used thesame generic name in his catalogue of 1853 with 19 specific nameslisted. In Europe the name Disonycha appeared in the SturmCatalogue (1843) and in a description by Mannerheim.^^ Clark(1865)^^ redefined the genus, and Crotch (1873)" constructed thefirst table of United States species, which contained 11 species and1 variety. Since then, von Harold, Baly, Jacoby, and Weise havedescribed many new species from South and Central America, andJacoby, Casey, Horn, Blatchley, and Schaeffer have added 22 newspecific names for North American forms. Horn's treatment(1889)^^ of the Halticinae is the only work in which the genus asa whole, as it occurs north of Mexico, has been studied. Horn rec-ognized 18 species, a number raised to 32 in the present revision.The present paper is not written for the purpose of describingnew species. In fact, only 2 new species and 3 new varieties aredescribed. It is rather an attempt to create order in a genus inwhich, on the one hand, too many specific names have been basedon differences in coloration unaccompanied by structural charac-ters and, on the other, too many distinct species have been referredto synonymy. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to show therelationship of the species among themselves and the variations ina given species over its entire range.DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUSDisonycha, as a genus, has long been loosely defined because of itsfew outstanding characters. In order to include such diverse groupsas at present make up the genus, the definition must necessarily be
"Olivier Encyclopedie m^thodique, vol. 4 (Insects, vol. 1), p. 105, 1789.M Olivier, Kntomologie, vol. 6, pp. 686, 702, 1808." Mclshoimev, Pioc. Acad. Nat. Sci. I'liiladelpliia, vol. 3, p. 163, 1847.12 Mannerheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, vol. 16, p. 311, 1843." Clark, Jouin. Eiit., vol. 2, no. 13, p. 401, 1865." Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64, 1873.? Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 200, 1889.
ART. 1'8 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE S
wide. The species comprising the genus are for the most part amongthe larger species of Halticinae. They are distinguished fromOedionychis, nomophoeta^ and other Oedipodes by the lack of theinflated hind claw joint. They are generally smaller than thespecies assigned to Cacoscelis, a genus from Central and SouthAmerica, but, in some instances, difficult to distinguish, and they areso closely related to Altica that in some cases they can be distin-guished only by the lack of a well-marked basal impression on thejirothorax, a feature that is not always very evident in certainspecies of Altica.The chief diagnostic characters are (1) in the head, in whichthere is a long extension of the carina or interantennal prominencefrom between the antennal bases to the suture above the labrum;(2) in the prothorax, which lacks a well-marked transverse basalimpression, and the hind angles of which are obliquely truncate;(3) in the open precoxal cavities; and (4) in the hind legs, in whichthe posterior tibiae are not deeply grooved, the tibiae have a shortapical spur, the first tarsal joint is about twice the length of thefollowing one, and the claw joint is slender and appendiculate.Horn stated that " Disonycha is far more homogeneous thanOedionychis.^ the species not exhibiting any marked structural differ-ences among themselves, consequently any attempt at tabulation ismore or less based on coloration, which seems to be quite constant asto type but variable in degree." On the contrary, the groups nowincluded in Disonycha are not homogeneous but differ far moreamong themselves than do the groups inside such a genus as, forexamjile, Trirhdbda. Unfortunately, the material now available isnot sufficient to justify an attempt at present to revise the wholegenus and possibly to divide it into generic or subgeneric groups.Disonycha ranges from Canada to Patagonia. The forms foundnorth of Mexico represent less than half of the described species, andpresumably many more from south of the Mexican border are unde-scribed. Many of the species are not represented in the UnitedStates National Museum or other collections examined by me. Withour limited representation of the groups of the genus, it is impossibleto make more than a local contribution to a comprehensive phylo-genetic study of the species of both continents. In a few groups,such as those that occur on boreal food plants, as willow, the relation-ship of the species can be outlined, but in other groups chieflyconfined to tropical regions, as that to which glabrata belongs, asingle United States species stands out as isolated and unrelated toany other. The most that can be done in a partial study of thiskind is to place the species as far as is possible in groups thatultimately may be assembled in a study of wider scope.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82These groups of species have certain characters in common. Thehead is inserted as far as the eyes, and has a fovea on the vertexon each side near the eye, the fovea being usually surrounded to agreater or lesser extent with punctures. The sculpture of the headoffers one of the best characters for separating the groups of species.In the alteniata group, coarse punctures not only surround the foveabut usually extend over most of the occiput and vertex; in thediscoidea group, on the other hand, a single large pit or fovea oneach side is often the only trace of punctation. In some species, suchas xanthomelas, the punctures are arranged to form a furrow extend-ing from the fovea to the frontal tubercles. These tubercles are also,somewhat variable. They are distinctly defined in most species, andin some groups, as the alternata group, they are somewhat swollen,while in latifrons they are so flat as to; be scarcely distinct. The areabetween the antennal sockets tends to be carinate, although not muchproduced. In many species, as in triangularis, this carina is quiteacute, while in others, as in tenmcomis and funerea, the interanten-nal area is broad and flat. The carina extends well down the lowerfront, joining the frontal margin. The antennae, differing some-Avhat in length according to the sex, those of the male being a littlelonger, usually do not extend beyond the middle of the elytra, andthe third joint is shorter than or subequal to the fourth. In thefemale, the eighth, ninth, and tenth antennal joints are slightlyshorter and slenderer than in the male.The shape of the prothorax differs greatly in different groups.In general, the prothorax is nearly the same width as the elytra,approximately twice as broad as long, sometimes more, and occasion-ally a little less. It is slightly narrowed anteriorly with a more orless arcuate, narrow, sharp-edged, lateral margin, much narrowerthan in Oedionychis. The basal margin is somewhat sinuate, withthe hind angles obliquely truncate. In some groups of species, asthe pensylvarnica and alternata groups, the pronotum is not veryconvex, and there are lateral callosities and a slight median basaldepression, while in others, as the discoidea, and fumata groups, thepronotum is smooth, convex, and without depressions.The elytra are either oblong with parallel sides or oval withrounded sides. The humeri vary in prominence, and are oftenmarked by a short sulcus on the inner side, referred to in the descrip-tions of the species in this paper as an intrahumeral sulcus or depres-sion. In the fensylvanica and alternata groups, there is a distincttendency toward elytral ridging in the female, the costae sometimesextending from the humeri nearly to the apex. There is always anarrow lateral explanate margin, not extending to the apex, andbeneath, the epipleura gradually narrow to the apex. The elytraare not striate, but confusedly and never very coarsely punctate.
ART. L'S REVISION" OF DISOISTYCHA NORTH OP MEXICO BLAKE 5They are smooth, except in the costate species, usually shining andglabrous. The prosternum divides the coxae, and the precoxal cavi-ties are open behind. The last visible sternite in the male is truncateand in the female angulate. The legs are relatively short and thetibiae feeblj^ sulcate on the outer edge with a short apical spur. Inthe male the first joint of the anterior tarsi is much enlarged. Theclaws have a short basal to,oth.The shape of the aedeagus corroborates the other structural char-acters by which the species are separable into groups. In thevittate species the shape of the aedeagus is of much greater valuein distinguishing relationships than is the coloration. The aedeagiof the species with blue or green elytra are quite unlike those of anyof the vittate species except D. maritima., a species structurallyunique among the vittate ones. The aedeagi of these dark speciesoffer excellent specific differences. The aedeagus of D. funerea alsois quite unlike that of any other species. It is so difficult to describethe shape of this structure that little has been attempted in the text,but figures showing the dorsal, ventral, and lateral views have beenmade and should be consulted in determining the species.The coloring is fairl}^ constant within a species. In the vittateyellow and black species, the head maj' be pale, bicolored, or entirelydark. The pronotum of the vittate species usually has at leasttraces of 2 to 5 spots, which sometimes coalesce or band together.The elytra usually have dark sutural, median, and submarginal ormarginal vittae. In some groups, as the discoidea group, the sub-marginal vitta is either very faint or lacking. The median andsutural vittae are usually present except in pale varieties of a species,in which they may become interrupted or disappear. Only 1 or 2pale species north of Mexico are without elytral vittae
?
antennata^an entirely pale Mexican species occurring only at the tip of Florida,and -figurata^ also a Mexican species, found in this country in Arizonaand Nevada, in which the vittae are frequently indistinct. The spe-cies having blue or green elytra are nearly as homogeneous in colora-tion as the vittate species. The former can be distinguished fromone another by the color of the head, femora, and lower surface,which ma}^ be pale, bicolored, or dark. Only one, funerea^ is entirelydark except for the last ventral segment, and this species is struc-turally unlike the others.DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUPSSince 10 of the 32 species found in the United States do not fallinto any natural group known to me, and since 3 of the others arethe only representatives of 2 southern groups, I have not been ableto work out a satisfactory natural key according to these groups.In lieu of this, a short discussion of the groups is here given, with
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82
a more artificial but all-inclusive key, based mainly on color dif-ferences, appended for practical use in the identification of thespecies.The first group, the pensylvanica group, is composed of 5 northernspecies, j)ensylvanica^ conjugata, procera, uniguttata^ and limbicoUis,and at least 1 Mexican and Central American species, recticollis.All of them feed on Polygonum. They are slender, oblong insectswith parallel sides, often with the dark elytral vittae broader thanthe pale ones, and with the head and under surface more or lessdarkened. The pronotum is usually uneven and the elytra of thefemale distinctly costate. The aedeagi are quite unlike one anotherin the shape of the dorsal tip, but the differences are more a matterof degree than of radical change in shape.The second group, the alternata group, is composed of fournorthern species, alternata^ pluriligata, latiovittata^ and schaefferi^and a fifth, teapensis, described from Teapa, Mexico. The first fourare known to feed on willow. These are the largest of the genus(6 to 8" mm) and are broadly oblong with parallel sides. The headis usually coarsely punctate and, as in the pensylvanica group, butto a less degree, the pronotum is uneven and the elytra of the femaleshow traces of costation. The aedeagi differ in the shape of thetip but their differences, as in the pensylvanica group, are merelyrelative.The third group, the fumata group, is composed of two species,fumata and latifrons^ each with several geographic races. As far asknown, they feed on Aster and Solidago. They are more oval inshape than the preceding groups, with smooth, not depressed oruneven, prothorax, and with no traces of elytral costae. The aedeagiof both species are very similar, but the tip in latifron's, is wider.The fourth group, the discoidea group, is composed of three closelyrelated United States species, discoidea,^ leptoUneata^ and antennata,as well as the still undistinguished Mexican and Central Americanspecies that were called abhreviata Melsheimer in the Biologia Cen-trali-Americana. Except for discoidea., which feeds on Passi-jiorasp., the food plants of this group are unknown. The species, whilediffering greatly in markings, are so similar in structure that it isnot easy to determine their specific differences. They may be butvarieties of one species. All are broadly oval in shape with smooth,undepressed upper surface, the head is nearly impunctate, having alarge fovea near each eye, and the pronotum is smooth and usuallyunspotted, and all either entirely lack the submarginal elytral vittaor show only faint traces of it. The aedeagi are so much alike as tobe hardly distinguishable.The fifth group is composed of species that have blue or greenelytra and that feed on Ainaranthus and Chenopodiwn., and consists
AKT. 28 REVISION 0? DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 7of triangularis, xanthomelas, collata, politula, and probably semi-carhonata, and several more Mexican and Central American species.D. laevigata, known in the West Indies as a garden pest, also belongsto this group of feeders on Amaranthus. They are small, oval insectsfrequently with lustrous elytra. In spite of their similarity in color-ing, the}'^ differ considerably among themselves and have quite dis-similar aedeagi that do not resemble one another or the aedeagi ofthe vittate species.The remaining 13 species are too distinct to fall readily intogroups. Three of them, gldbrata, varicornis, and stenosticha, areclosely related to Mexican and Central American species.D. gldbrata has two close relatives, nigtita and dorsata Jacoby, thelatter with entirely dark elytra. The species gldbrata and dorsataare unlike the other vittate species, except maritima, in having, intheir well-marked and typical form, a dark elytral margin. D. gla-hrata and its two close relatives are smooth and shining and have asimilarly shaped and similarly marked prothorax. Their aedeagiare nearly indistinguishable. D. gldbrata feeds on Amaranthus, asdo the members of the fifth group. In shape these three species ap-pear more closely allied to the fifth group than to the vittate groups.D. varicornis, occurring in Texas and southern California, andfeeding on Opuntia, is closely related to mexicana Jacoby, althoughthe aedeagi are not alike. Both species have blue elytra but are un-like the rest of the similarly colored species in having a narrowerhead and prothorax with a broadened apical angle to the explanatemargin and with an unusual notching behind the angle.D. stenosticha is closely related to (if not identical with) inilitarisJacoby, a Mexican and Central American species.The remaining 10 species, which are not closely related to anyothers known to me, are: yunctigera, caroliniana, tenuicornis, fig-urata, arizonae, alabamae, adviirdbilis, brevicomis, tnarltima, and
' ' GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONOn the Pacific coast there are representatives of only two groupsof the vittate species of Disonycha, namely, the alternata and pen-sylvanica groups, and the unique species tnaritimia, which is not likeany other known to me. D. varicornis, a species with blue elytra,reaches the Pacific coast, but is known only from Texas, southernCalifornia, and Lower California. All the other species of Disony-cha are found east of the Kocky Mountains. Many species have afar w^ider range than has been supposed. As may be expected,species that range from New York to Arizona, such as arizonaeand latifrons, show some variation in their different environments.This may be in size, in coloration, and even in punctation, and ithas led entomologists to describe as distinct species what are in real-
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82ity simply geographic races. The Atlantic coast specimens of gla-hrata, arizonae^ procera^ fmnata, and latifroiis are obviously differ-ent from the Arizona or Colorado ones, being either paler or darkerin color, usually larger, and, in glabrata and a7'i3onae, having deeperpunctation; but specimens from intermediate localities are interme-diate, and throughout the series the structural characters and aedea-gus remain the same, so that the difference must be considered onlyvarietal.In other species of the genus the change in characters correlatedwith distribution has apparently gone a step further and becomes sogreat that distinct species have arisen. Such is the case in Iwibi-collis. This species, which is confined to the Pacific coast, is plainlyvery closely related to uniguttata^ and probably derived from it, buthas developed certain distinctive characteristics that appear to bespecific. This may be the case, also, in latiovittata, which occursonly in the Pacific and Northwestern States, and which is closelyrelated to alternata.In the discoidea group there seems to be an intermediate stage inthe development of species. In this group the differences in colora-tion of specimens are very striking, but the shape, sculpture, ae-deagus, and other structural characters are so similar that, asidefrom the coloring, the forms are difficult to differentiate. Possiblythey are but varieties of a single species. D. leptolineata from Flor-ida and texana from Texas, both closely related to discoidea^ aredoubtfully distinct. D. antennata^ an entirely pale beetle, would beindistinguishable were it not for its entire lack of elytral vittae.Some of the species with blue or green elytra, such as xanthoTnelas,triangularis^ and collata^ are widely distributed. In both xanthome-las and collata there is considerable variation in color, size, and de-gree of punctation, with the result that in each case two forms,based primarily on color differences and not structurally separable,have been described as species.LIFE HISTORYThe life histories of four species of Dlsonycha have been published.F. H. Chittenden has given an admirable account of the eggs, larvae,and feeding habits of xanthomelas ^^ and a shorter account of thelife history of collata {meUicollis)'^'' and also glabrata}^ H. Gar-man ^^ has also written a full account of the life history of glabrata.W. E. Whitehead ^? has made a careful study of the life historj^ oflatifrons.
"Chittenden, U.S. Bur. Ent. Bull. 19, p. 80. 1S99." Chittenden, U.S. Bur. Ent. Bull. 82, p. 29, 1912.18 Chittenden, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, vol. 17, p. 147, 1922.1" Garman, 2d Ann. Rep. Kentucky Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 28, 1889.?> Whitehead, Nova Scotia Ent. Soc. Proc, 1918, p. 38.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 9The insect hibernates as an adult, and early in spring lays eggsin groups on its food plant or the nearby soil. In Nova Scotia,according to Whitehead, the eggs of latifrons, laid in April andMay, did not hatch till June, while in Washington, D.C., the eggsof xanthoTnelas hatched in a week or 10 days, according to the tem-perature. Likewise the larval stage of Jatifrons in Nova Scotia wasmuch longer, lasting from 50 to 55 days, and the pupal stage from34 to 40 days. In the case of latifrons, the adult after emergingfed " voraciously for a month or 6 weeks and then entered theground, vegetable matter, or rotten stumps where it hibernated."In more southern latitudes, as at Washington, D.C., or in Kentucky,the larval period is much shorter. In the case of xanthomeJas andglabrata^ it was only 3 or 4 weeks, and the pupal period about 3weeks. The larvae feed usually on the lower surface of the leaves,often gregariously, at first eating holes and later stripping the leaves.When full grown they enter the ground to pupate. The number ofgenerations of beetles probably varies also according to the lengthof the season. MATERIAL EXAMINEDI have been fortunate in having a large series of most of thespecies to study at the United States National Museum, includingmany of Schaeffer's types. Besides this, I hav? had access to theLeConte, Blanchard, and Bowditch collections at Cambridge. Iwish to thank the following who have sent me material for study:K. G. Blair, of the British Museum; E. T. Cresson, Jr., of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Dr. T. H. Frison,of the Illinois State Natural History Survey; Prof. H. B. Hunger-ford and Warwick Benedict, of the University of Kansas; Prof. E.C. Van Dyke and E. P. Van Duzee, of the California Academy ofSciences; Prof. W. E. Whiteiiead, of MacDonald College; and C.A. Frost, Ralph Hopping, D. K. Duncan, H. E. Brisley, F. S. Carr,and H. P. Loding. I am also indebted to Dr. W. G. Kuntzen, of theBerlin Zoological Museum, and K. G. Blair, of tlie British Museum,for comparing specimens with type collections, and to H. S. Barberfor his painstaking criticism.KEY TO THE SPECIES OF DISONYCHA
1. Elytra iinicolorous, not vittate 2Elytra vittate, with dark margin HElytra vittate or witli discoidal median spot, margin always pale 122. Prothorax entirely dark funerea (p. 61).Prothorax yellowish, with or without spots or band, margin always pale_ 33. Elytra yellow or yellow-brown 4Elytra blue, purple, or green 6175870?33 2
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82
4. Prothorax with two dark spots anteriorly, elytra with very indistinct tracesof sutural, median, and sometimes submarginal vittae ; Arizona.figurata (p. 35).Prothorax entirely pale or with vague reddish markings ; North Carolinato Florida 55. Small (5 mm), elytra costate in female, usually traces of pale reddish pro-notal spots, elytra pale reddish (in well-marked specimens paler yellowsutural, median, and marginal vittae) ; North Carolina to Florida,conjugata (p. 14).Larger (6 to 7 mm), elytra not costate, entirely pale yellow, no trace ofvittae; Florida Keys antennata (p. 46).6. Head entirely pale, apical angle of lateral margin of prothorax unusuallybroad and notched behind the apex on margin ; Texas, southern California.varicornis (p. 60).Head entirely dark or bicolored 77. Head entirely dark - 8Head bicolored 98. Head coarsely and densely punctate, ventral surface and legs entirely dark.triangularis (p. 57).Head smooth, or with a few punctures across occiput and front, abdomenusually with pale margin or pale last ventral segment, sometimes entireabdomen pale, femora often pale at base xanthomelas (p. 55).9. Femora bicolored, elytra very lustrous and densely punctate.politula (p. 59).Femora pale, elytra not so lustrous and not densely punctate 1010. Prothorax and elytra distinctly punctate ; New Mexico and Colorado.semicarbonata (p. 54).Prothorax and elytra finely and often indistinctly punctate ; Kansas east-ward collata (p. 52).11. Shining, indistinctly punctate, femora and margin of abdomen usually pale
;
Atlantic coast to Arizona glabrata (p. 49).Only feebly shining, coarsely punctate, femora and abdomen dark; Californiaand Nevada maritima (p. 51).12. Elytra with broad discoidal dark spot discoidea (p. 43).Elytra vittate 1313. Elytra pale with pale reddish or obsolete grayish vittae 14Elytra pale with dark brown or black vittae 1514. Large (6 to 7 mm), elytra with obsolete or grayish vittae, no traces of costae,prothorax with 2 dark spots; Arizona, Nevada figurata (p. 35).Smaller (5 mm), elytra with pale reddish vittae, markedly costate in female,prothorax usually with pale reddish spots; North Carolina to Florida.conjugata (p. 14).15. Elytra with sutural and submarginal vittae, no median vittu or only tracesof it 16Elytra with sutural and median vittae, no submarginal vitta or onlyindistinct traces of it 17Elytra with sutural, median, and submarginal vittae 2116. Head pale except for narrow occipital band, tubercles sometimes dark andlabrum usually brown alternata (p. 20).Head dark except about antennal sockets and sometimes a pale streak onlower edge of clypeus limbicollis (p. 19).17. Prothorax without spots 18Prothorax spotted 19
AKT. L>8 KEVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE H
18. Elytra distinctly punctate discoidea var. abbreviata (p. 44).Elytra very indistinctly punctate leptolineata (p. 44).19. Head entirely pale, antennae unusually long and slender, extending fully tothe middle of (he elytra in female tenuicornis (p. 32).Head with labrum and sometimes tubercles and occiput dark, antennae notunusually long or slender and not extending to the middle of the elytrain female 2020. Prothorax with distinct lateral callosities, head coarsely punctate.pluriligata (p. 25).Prothorax smooth, head smooth and shining except for a group of coarsepunctures about fovea on each side jfigurata (p. 35).21. Head entirely pale (sometimes tip of mandibles darkened) 22Head either entirely dark, or pale with occiput, tubercles, or labrumdark 2422. Pronotum not distinctly spotted, elytra polished and with very narrowvittae, the sutural and submarginal vittae pale and somewhat indistinct;southern Texas stenosticha (p. 63).Pronotum distinctly marked with two anterior spots, elytra not polished,the vittae distinct and not unusually narrow 2323. Antennae long and slender, extending beyond the middle of the elytra, elytrabroadly oblong; Arizona tenuicornis (p. 32).Antennae not unusually long, scarcely reaching the middle of the elytra
;
elytra oblong oval; Massachusetts to Texas caroliniana (p. 33).24. Head entirely dark except at base of antennal sockets 25Head not entirely dark 2725. Small (5 to 6 mm), elytra markedly costate in female, very indistinctlypunctate (see also description of dark variety of procera).pansyIvanica (p. 12).Larger (6 to 8 mm), elytra with only traces of costae in female, distinctlypunctate 2626. Aedeagus dark (see pi. 1, fig. 5) ; California limbicollis (p. 19 j.Aedeagus paler and slightly different in shape (see pi. 1, fig. 4) ; east ofRocky Mountains uniguttata (p. 17).27. Prothorax more or less uneven, with lateral callosities, elytra more or lesscostate in female 28Prothorax always smooth and without depressions or callosities, elytranever costate in female 3428. Head not densely or rugosely punctate, and with a broad dark occipitalband extending to and often covering tubercles 29Head densely and usually rugosely punctate, and with at most only anarrow dark occipital band or spot, never extending to tubercles 3029. Aedeagus with ventral lip tapering and acute (see pi. 8, fig. 42) ; Colorado.brevicornis (p. 62).Aedeagus with ventral lip broad, not tapering (see pi. 1, fig. 3) ; Atlanticcoast to Rocky Mountains and Oregon procera (p. 15).30. Prothorax densely and coarsely punctate; Pacific and Northwestern States.latiovittata (p. 23).Prothorax not so densely and rather indistinctly punctate 3131. Elytra densely and sometimes confluently punctate 32Elytra not dou.sely and not confluently punctate 3332. Prothorax with distinct lateral callosities, not very convex, elytra coarselyand confluently punctate schaefferi (p. 24).Prothorax without distinct lateral callosities, convex, elytra densely but notso coarsely and not confluently punctate punctigera (p. 28).
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 8233. Aedeagus with an acutely pointed dorsal tip (pi. 2, fig. 8)- alternata (p. 20).Aedeagus with a broad dorsal tip (see pi. 2, fig. 9) pluriligata (p. 25).34. Median elytral vitta near submarginal vitta, with very narrow pale spacebetween alabamae (p. 47).Median elytral vitta not conspicuously nearer to submarginal vitta than tosutural vitta 3535. Head with interantennal area and tubercles flat and smooth, tubercles notat all swollen, and indistinct latifrons (p. 40).Head with frontal carina and tubercles distinct 3636. Head, viewed from above, with Interocular space half width of head 37Head, viewed from above, with interocular space more than half widthof head 3837. Prothorax either entirely pale or with small median spot, occasionally withmedian spot and 2 lateral spots, all small, antennal joints not unusuallylong glabrata (p. 49).Prothorax with 2 anterior spots usually well marked, and often 2 lateralones and median stripe ; antennal joints 4 to 7 unusually long andsubequal fumata (p. 36).38. Elytra distinctly and rather densely punctate 39Elytra indistinctly and finely but not densely punctate 4039. Submarginal elytral vitta never reaching apex to join with sutural vitta
;
aedeagus broad (see pi. 3, fig. 11) punctigera (p. 28).Submarginal elytral vitta joining at apex with sutural vitta ; aedeagusnarrow (see pi. 3, fig. 13) arizonae (p. 29).40. Head with broad dark occipital band, pronotum heavily marked with spots,the middle three sometimes coalescing, the lateral spots large; Colorado.brevicornis (p. 62).Head never with occipital band, pronotum never with well-markedlateral spots 4141. Small (5 to 6 mm), usually without pronotal spots; Atlantic coast to GreatPlains admirabilis (p. 48).Larger (6 to 7 mm), prothorax with 2 well-marked anterior dark spots;southern Arizona figurata (p. 35).DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES
1. DISONYCHA PENSYLVANICA (Illiger)Plate 1, Figure 1Haltica pensijlvanica Illiger, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 146, 1807 (Pennsyl-vania; type in Berlin University Zoological Museum).fGalleruca sexlineata Oliviek, Eutomologie, vol. 6, p. 642, 1808 (Bengal).Disonycha pensylvania Strum, Catalogue, p. 283, 1943.
?
Blake, Bull. BrooklynEnt. Soc, vol. 25, p. 210, 1930.Disonycha pennsylvanica Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25,p. 04, 1873.?Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 202, 1889 (in part).Disonycha pennsylvanica var. parra Blatchleji', Journ. New York Ent. Soc,vol. 29, p. 16, 1922 (Knox County, Ind.).Description.?Small (5 mm), elongate oblong oval, shining, veryfinely pimctate; elytra costate in female; head, legs, and body be-neath dark except sides of prosternmn and last ventral segment;prothorax with a single median .spot, this sometimes broadening to
ART. 28 REVISIOX OF DISOXYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 13
a wide band, elytra with wide and dark sutural, median, and sub-marginal vittae. Head with interocular space more than half widthof head; frontal tubercles well marked, carina narrow, somewhatproduced; surface smooth and shining, except a deep fovea sur-rounded by coarse punctures on each side near eye; usualh' entirelydark except the base of the antennae, but sometimes a narrow palestreak along lower edge of front. Antennae long (for the genus),dark, third and fifth joints subequal and shorter than fourth. Pro-thorax about twice as wide as long, nearly rectangular, with sidesonly slightly arcuate, not very convex and with a slight basal mediandepression; surface somewhat shining, under high magnificationfinely alutaceous and indistinctly punctate; pale with median darkspot, this sometimes broadening to form a wide band across prono-tum, leaving margin always pale. Scutellum dark. Elytra oblongoval with parallel sides; not very convex, humeri marked by shortintrahumeral sulcus ; in the female 3 or 4 costae on each elytron, notso long or so prominent as in conjugata, these costae not apparent inthe male ; surface smooth, somewhat shining, under high magnificationindistinctly alutaceous, and very finely punctate; pale with verybroad sutural, median, and submarginal vittae, the submarginal andsutural usually broadly united at apex, the paler intervening vittaemuch narrower than the dark ones. Body beneath finely pubescentand entirely dark except the sides of the presternum and the lastventral segment, sometimes margin of the penultimate segment alsopale. Length, 5 to 6 mm; width, 2.8 to 3 mm.Type locality.?Pennsylvania.Distribution. -^?Massachusetts (Framingham, Nantucket) ; NewJersey (Boonton) ; Maryland (Glen Echo) ; Virginia (Fredericks-burg, Norfolk) ; North Carolina (Chadbourn) ; Florida (Bradenton,Capron, Crescent City, Daytona, Enterprise, Lake Harne}', Lakeland,Key West) ; Illinois (Pulaski, Running Lake, Urbana) ; Alabama(Mobile) ; Louisiana (Mandeville, New Orleans) ; Texas (Avery,Dayton, Mineola).Food plant.?Polygonum sp. (C. W. Johnson).Remarks.?Although Illiger's description of penmjlvamca is un-usually detailed and definite, this species has long been confused withtwo larger species, uniguttata and procera. It is usually smaller anddarker than either of these, having an entirely dark head and legs,and the undersurface, except the last one or two ventral segmentsand sides of presternum , is entirely dark. Unlike uniguttata., ithas the elytral punctation very fine and indistinct. No specimensare yet known from west of the Mississippi River except in Louisi-ana and Texas.
** The statements of distribution are based on specimens examined by the author.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82The illustration and description of Galleruca sexlineata in 01ivier"'sEntomologie are suggestive of this species, but the habitat given isBengal. Apparently Chevrolat in the Dejean Catalogue suspectedthat this species might be a North American Disonycha^ since he listsit with a question mark. He had previously listed it in D'Orbigny'sNatural History under Disonycha^ and there is an old specimen ofthis species in the Bowditch collection that is labeled " 6-lineataOliv." followed by what appears to be the abbreviation " Ch."Dr. W. G. Kuntzen, of Berlin University Zoological Museum, hascorroborated my interpretation of the species by comparing speci-mens sent by me with the Illiger type.
2. DISONYCHA CONJUGATA (Fabricius)Plate 1, Figure 2Oalleruca conjugata Fabricixts, Systema Eleutheratorum, vol. 1, p. 495, 1801(Carolina; Mus. Bosc).Ealtica conjugata Illiger, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 184, 1807.Altica conjugata Olivier, Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 686, 1808.Disonycha conjugata Chevrolat, Diet. Univ. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 5, p. 81, 1849.
?
Blake, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, vol. 15, p. 211, 1930.Monomacra costipennis Jacquelin du Val, in Sagra's Hist. Fis. Cuba, vol. 7,p. 129, 1857 (Cuba).Disonycha floridana Jacoby, Entomologist, vol. 34, p. 146, 1901 (St. Johns Bluff,east Florida; type in British Museum).Disonycha pennsylvanica var. conjugata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16,p. 203, 1889.Description.?Small (5 mm), elongate oblong-oval, not very shin-ing ; elytra in female always markedly costate, less so in male ; palereddish yellow with paler yellow narrow elytral vittae; antennae,labrum, mesosternum and metasternum, sometimes middle of abdo-men, tibiae and tarsi dark. Head with interocular space more thanhalf width of head ; frontal tubercles well marked, carina somewhatproduced; surface smooth and shining except for a circle of coarsepunctures about the fovea on each side of head near eye ; labrum dark,occiput darker reddish. Antennae robust and long (for the genus),dark with paler basal joints; third joint shorter than fourth and fifth,which are subequal, the fourth being slightly longer. Prothoraxabout twice as wide as long, nearly rectangular in shape, with sidesonly slightly arcuate; not very convex, with slight lateral callosityand median basal depression ; surface smooth and somewhat shining,under high magnification finely alutaceous and nearly impunctate;pale, usually with five indistinct pale reddish spots. Scutellum pale.Elytra narrowly oblong oval, with sides parallel and humeri markedby short intrahumeral sulcus ; in female four or five costae extendingfrom humeri well down toward apex, these costae less distinct orobsolete in male; surface somewhat shining, under high magnifica-tion very finely alutaceous and punctate ; pale yellow with wide pale
AET. 28 EEVISION OP DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 15reddish sutiiral, median, and submarginal vittae, these vittae so wideas to leave onl}^ narrow intervening vittae, the submarginal andsutural usually uniting at apex. Body beneath finely pubescent, palewith mesosternum and metasternum and often middle of abdomendark ; tibiae and tarsi also dark. Length, 4.4 to 5,5 mm ; width, 2.2 to3 mm.Type locality.?" Carolina " (Bosc collection).Distribution.?North Carolina, Georgia, Florida (Bradenton,Capron, Enterprise, Fort Myers, Jacksonville, Lake Harney, Lake-land, Lee Count}', Lake Poinsett, Miami, Moore Haven, Orlando,Paradise Key, Sanford) ; Cuba (Habana).Food ylant.?Polygonum sp. (H. S. Barber).Remarks.?D. conjugata, one of the earliest species of Disonychato be described, has been published under a number of names. Fabri-cius described it from a collection by Bosc from " Carolina " asconjugata. Old specimens in the LeConte collection and elsewhereare labeled with a Dejean Catalogue name signifying its reddishcolor. Jacquelin du Val described it from Cuba as Monomacracostipennis. Jacoby later described it from Florida as floridana,and it has been treated as a variety of pensylvanica by Horn. Itsyellowish or pale reddish elytra readily distinguisli it from any otherspecies of Disonycha. It is closely related to D. pensylvanica,
3. DISONYCHA PROCERA CaseyPlate 1, Figure 3f Haltica vidua Kieby, Fauna Boreali Amer., vol. 4, p. 217, 1837 ("Lat. 65? "',Canada; type lost).? Disonycha limMcolUs var. pallipes Cbotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,vol. 25, p. 64, 1873 (type locality not recorded; type lost).Disonycha procera Casey, Contributions, pt. 2, p. 182, 1884 (Milford, Del.; type,U.S.N.M. No. 49223).?SCHAEFFEB, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39,p. 282, 1931.Disonycha pennsylvanica Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 202, 1889(in part).Disonycha pallipes Blake, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, vol. 25, p. 212, 1930 (notCrotch?).Disonycha nigriventris Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 282,1931 (Blitzen River, Oreg. ; type in collection of Charles Schaeffer).Description.?Elongate oblong-oval, somewhat shining; head usu-ally with pale front, pronotum sometimes entirely pale, or in darkvariety with five more or less coalescent spots; elytral vittae wide;femora and margin of abdomen usually pale except in dark westernand southern specimens, in which the femora are sometimes entirelydark or partially dark. Head with interocular space more than halfwidth of head; frontal tubercles well marked; carina slightly pro-duced ; surface usually smooth and shining, except a circle of coarsepunctures about fovea on each side near eye and sometimes a fovea
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82in middle of vertex; dark with pale lower front, the tubercles, carina,and region about base of antennae paler. Antennae dark with palerbasal joints, third and fifth joints subequal and shorter than fourth.Prothorax about twice as wide as long, almost rectangular, with sidesslightly arcuate, not very convex, a slight trace of lateral callosityand median basal depression; surface finely alutaceous and finelypunctate ; often entirely pale, but in darker specimens with five spots,these sometimes banded together. Scutellum usually dark. ElytraAvitli sides parallel, humeri marked by short intrahumeral sulcus ; infemale 4 or 5 costae, usually not so long or prominent as in coti-ju^ata; surface finely alutaceous and finely and rather sparsely punc-tate; wide sutural, median, and submarginal vittae, not united atapex. Body beneath finely pubescent, dark Avith margin of abdomenpale; femora usually pale, but in some specimens from Louisiana,Texas, Utah, Idaho, and Oregon the femora and abdomen dark orpartially darkened. Length, 5.6 to 6.8 mm; width, 2.6 to 3 mm.Type locality.?Milford, Del.Distribution.?Maine (Paris, Wales) ; New Hampshire (MountWashington) ; Massachusetts (Hatfield) ; New York (Long Island,New York City, West Point, Whiteface) ; Pennsylvania (Frank-ford, Hummelstown, North Mount) ; New Jersey (Clementon) ;Marjdancl (Beltsville, Chesapeake Beach, Patuxent River) ; Districtof Columbia; Virginia (Clarendon, Dyke, Mount Vernon) ; Georgia(Augusta) ; Louisiana (Mandeville, Morgan City, New Orleans)
;
Texas (Beeville, Columbus, Victoria) ; Michigan (Detroit, DouglasLake) ; Indiana (Knox) ; Illinois (Algonquin, Dubois, East St.Louis, Grass Lake) ; Minnesota (Fergus Falls, Mora) ; North Da-kota (Bismarck) ; Kansas (Pawnee County, Reno County, Sylvia) ;Texas (Houston); Utah; Nevada; Colorado (Littleton); Idaho;Montana (Assiniboine, Gallatin Valley) ; Oregon (Blitzen River) ;British Columbia (Vernon) ; Alberta (Medicine Hat, Cypress Hills,Jenner) ; Saskatchewan (Oxbow) ; Manitoba (Aweme) ; HudsonBay.Food plant.?Polygonum sp. (D. H. Blake).Remarks.?D. procera, another member of the pensylvanica group,is the species that in a previous paper '^'- I called paUipes Crotch.At that time I discussed the insufficiency of Crotch's description ofpallipes^ and based my interpretation of the species chiefly on thatof Dr. E. A. Schwarz and Charles Schaeffer, as shown by labeledspecimens, as well as on the fact that the species invariably had redlegs in the east while vmguttata not infrequently had black legs.Mr. Schaeffer has since written me that although he had labeledspecimens of the present species pallijyes, he has of late decided that
"2 Blake, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. See, vol. 25, p. 212, 1930.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 17Crotch's pallipes is uniguttata because of a character in Crotch'skey?" thorax * * * with a marked callosity." Crotch's key isnot a regularly constructed one with appositional statements, andeither uniguttata or procera can be deduced from it. Therefore itseems best to regard pallipes Crotch as a doubtful species and applyCasey's name procera to the species under discussion.This species, the type of which is a female, corresponding exactlyto Casey's description, is usually smaller than uniguttata and hasmuch finer punctation. The elytral costae are well developed inthe female, which is not true of uniguttata. The prothorax has aslight trace of lateral callosity as in both pensylvanica and conjugata^but this is not so well developed as in uniguttata. In markings itis very similar to uniguttata', the head is bicolored, the elytral vittaeare wide, the legs and margin of the abdomen are red. The pro-notum, however, in eastern specimens is often entirely pale, or withfive indistinct spots. There is a dark variety of this species occurringin the Rocky Mountains and Northwestern States and also in Lou-isiana and Texas, in which the spots on the pronotum are oftenbanded together, and the legs and undersurface are frequently darkor partially dark. These specimens are difficult to distinguish frompensylvanica except by comparison of the aedeagi. Mr. Schaefferhas described this dark form as D. nigriventris, one paratype ofwhich, a male, is in the United States National Museum. He statesthat the aedeagus is different from anything figured by me, but adissected specimen that he has sent me shows that the aedeagus isnot different from that of the eastern specimens of procera. Mydrawings of the aedeagi have been made for the most part from ma-terial soaked in caustic potash (which causes the softer membranesto become swollen), and later mounted in balsam. Mr. Schaeffer'sdried specimen differs from the specimens mounted in balsam inbeing less swollen, owing to the different methods of preparation.
4. DISONYCHA UNIGUTTATA (Say)Plate 1, Figure 4Altica iinigutiata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 88, 1824(United States; type lost).f HoMlco vicina Kirby, Fauna Boreali Amer., vol. 4, p. 217, 1837 ("Lat. 05? ",Canada; type lost).Disonycha uniguttata Melsheimeb, Catalogue, p. 122, 1858.
?
Blake, Bull.Brooklyn Eat. Soc, vol. 25, p. 212, 1930.
?
Schaeithsi, Journ. New York But.Soc, vol. 39, p. 2S2, 1931.fDiwnycha limbicoUis var. pallipes Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,vol. 25, p. 64, 1873 (type lost).
?
Schaefb^ek, Journ. New York Ent. Soc,vol. 39, p. 282, 1931.Disonycha pennsylvanica. Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 202, 1889(in part).175870?33 :5
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82Description.?Elongate oblong oval, somewhat shining; elytra dis-tinctly punctate; head sometimes entirely dark but usually pale inregion about antennal sockets and lower front, pronotum usuallywith large median spot and two paler brown lateral spots, thesesometimes banded together; elytra with wide sutural, median, andsubmarginal vittae, usually margin of abdomen and femora pale, butthese sometimes also dark. Head with interocular space more thanhalf width of head, frontal carina narrowly produced, tubercleswell marked; surface generally smooth except for the coarse punc-tures about fovea on each side near eye and often a fovea in middleof vertex; usually black with a paler area about antennal socketsand lower front and a median dark streak on carina. Antennaedark with paler basal joints, robust, long for the genus, third jointshorter than fourth or fifth, which are subequal, the fourth slightlylonger. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, slightly narrowedanteriorly with arcuate sides; not very convex, with a prominentcallosity on either side and a median basal depression; surface alu-taceous and finely punctate ; pale, usually with a large median spot,wider anteriorly, and two paler lateral spots, sometimes all coales-cing to form a wide band across pronotum, sometimes the lateralspots vanishing. Scutellum dark. Elytra with sides parallel, hu-meri marked by short intrahumeral sulcus; in female sometimestraces of costae, but these not so pronounced as in conjugata\ sur-face alutaceous and distinctly and rather densely punctate; darkelytral vittae considerably wider than intervening pale one, thesutural and submarginal rarely united at apex. Body beneath finelypubescent, sometimes undersurface and legs entirely dark, but usu-ally abdomen with a pale margin and femora pale. Length, 5.8 to8 mm; width, 2.2 to 3.8 mm.Type locality.?United States.DistHhution.?Massachusetts (Chicopee, Hopkinton, Natick, Way-land, Weston) ; Rhode Island (Watch Hill) ; New York (StatenIsland, Whiteface) ; New Jersey (Boonton, Palisades) ; Pennsyl-vania; District of Columbia; Virginia (Arlington); Tennessee;Kentucky; Georgia; Florida (Gainesville); Louisiana (New Or-leans) ; Michigan (Detroit, Monroe) ; Indiana (Hessville, Osborne,Pine) ; Illinois (Algonquin, Chicago, Devils Neck, Flag Lake, ForestCity, Grass Lake, Griggsville, Havana, Normal, Quincy, ThompsonLake, Urbana) ; Wisconsin (Madison) ; Iowa (Ames) ; Missouri(Flat River, Kansas City, St. Louis) ; Kansas (Douglas County,Topeka) ; Nebraska; Manitoba (Treesbank, Winnipeg).Food plant.?Polygonum sp. (C. A. Frost).Remarks.?This species has been commonly called pensylvanica(usually but not originally spelled '"'' peunsyhianica'''') but, although
ART. '-'8 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 19
allied to that species, it is a considerably larger insect with pro-nounced pronotal callosities and with distinctly punctate elytra. Incoloring it usually differs from peiu-ylvanica in having a pale lowerfront, pale femora, and a pale margin to the abdomen, as well asthree pronotal spots. Although Say gave as type locality the
" United States '\ he deir^cribed it in a paper on the insects collectedon an expedition to the Rocky Mountains, and it was probably col-lected somewhere along the Platte River.^^ I have seen no specimensfrom west of Kansas and Nebraska. D. 'pensylvanlca is not knownto occur west of the Mississippi, except in Louisiana and Texas.Possibly this is the species that Crotch had in mind in his short de-scription of paUipes (see previous discussion under D. procera).There is a dark eastern form of this in which the head, femora, andundersurface are entirely dark. It is merely a color form, as bothdark and typically colored specimens are found in the same series.It is readily distinguished from the small pensijlvanica by its distinctelytral punctation. Say in his original description mentions a darkform as a variety that occurs " near the Rocky Mountains." Dl-sonycha limbicollis (LeConte), described from Sacramento, Calif.,may be only a dark Pacific coast variety of tmiguttata, but severalminor points of difference have led me to retain it as a distinct species,
5. DISONYCHA LIMBICOLLIS (LeConte)PiATE 1, Figure 5Haltica limbicollis LeConte, Reports of explorations and surveys for a rail-road route from the Mississippi River to tlie Pacific Ocean, vol. 9, no. 1,p. 67, 1857; vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 67, 1860 (Sacramento, Calif.; type in LeContecollection, Mus. Comp. Zool.).Disonycha limbicollis Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64,1873.?Blake, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, vol. 25, p. 212, 1930.Disonycha pemi.sylcanica var. limbicollis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16,p. 202. 1S89.Description.?Elongate oblong oval, somewhat shining, elytradistinctly punctate; head dark, pronotum with a wide black bandand pale margin, elytra with sutural, median, and submurginalvittae; undersurface and legs dark. Head with interocular spacemore than half width of head; carina narrowly produced, frontaltubercles well marked; surface smooth except for coar.se punctureson each side about fovea, sometimes a small fovea in middle ofvertex; entirely dark except sometimes a pale streak over labrumon lower edge of front. Antennae dark, third joint shorter thanfourth or fifth, which are subequal, the fourth slightly longer. Pro-thorax about twice as wide as long, almost rectangular with sidesonly slightly arcuate, distinct lateral callosities on each side, and a
" See Barber, Ent. News, vol. 39, p. 15, 1928.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82median basal depression; finely alutaceous and finely punctate; abroad dark band extending across pronotum leaving only the marginpale. Sciitellum dark. Elytra narrowly oblong oval, humeri markedb}' a short intrahumeral sulcus; surface alutaceous and distinctlyand quite densely punctate; dark sutural, median, and submarginalvittae, these not vi^ider than pale intervening vittae; the mediandark vitta frequently narrow, interrupted, or, even vanishing; suturaland submarginal vittae not uniting at apex. Body beneath finelypubescent, entirely dark, legs dark. Length, 6 to 8 mm ; width, 2.5 to3.8 mm.Type locality.?Sacramento, Calif.Distribution.?California (Lake County, Los Angeles, Los Gatos,Moorland, San Joaquin County, Santa Clara County, Stockton)
;
Nevada (Elko).Food plant
.
?Polygonum sp.Remarks.?LeConte described this as similar to but narrower thanpcnsylvanica (probably meaning uniguttafa), and with the thoraxsparsely punctured, the elytra not sulcate, and the yellow vittaebroader. In the LeConte collection are four specimens bearing thegilt label indicating their locality as California, one of which islabeled limbicoUis, and all of which fit LeConte's description. Thechief points of difference between liinbicollis and uniguttafa appearto be in the generally somewhat narrower shape of linibicollis, itsuniformly darker head and undersurface, and its slightly narrowerelytral vittae, the median one of which is often interrupted orevanescent. The aedeagus is also slightly dift'erent. D. limbicollismay be only a dark variety of uniguttata, but because of its geo-graphic isolation west of the Rocky Mountains, and the fact thatimiguttata does not seem to be found beyond the Great Plains, itmay best be regarded as a distinct species.
6. DISONYCHA ALTERNATA (Illiger)Plate 2, Figure 8Ealtica altemata Illigek, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 144, 1807 (Carolina andPennsylvania; type in Berlin University Zoological Museum).? Altica qmnqucinttata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, vol. 4, p. 88,1824 (Missouri; type lost).Dhmiycha altemata Stxjem, Catalogue, p. 283, 1843.
?
Ceotch, Proc. Acad. Nat.Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64, 1873.Disoni/cha quinqtievittata Houn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 203, 1889 (inpart).Disonyclia quinquevittata var. pmwtigera ScHAEffFEB, Jouru. New York Ent.Soc, vol. 39, p. 279, 1931. (Not D. punctigera LeConte.)Description.?Broadly oblong oval, moderately shining; pale, headwith labrum, occiput, and usually tubercles brown; pronotum usually5-spotted, sometimes only 2-spotted, elytra with narrow sutural,
AHT. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 21
median, and submarginal vittae, the median vitta tending to beevanescent in some specimens from Michigan and Illinois; metaster-num and tibiae more or less dark and tarsi dark. Head with interoc-ular space more than half width of head ; interantennal space broadand somewhat produced; frontal tubercles well marked; occiput andfront usually coarsely and often rugosely punctate; pale, usuallywith occiput and often tubercles and labrum darkened ; labrum insome specimens from North Carolina and Georgia pale. Antennaerobust, dark with paler basal joints, third and fifth joint subequal,the fourth slightly longer. Prothorax scarcely twice as wide aslong, somewhat convex, with a callosity on either side in basal halfand a slight median basal depression; somewhat narrowed ante-riorly with arcuate sides; surface somewhat shining, under high mag-nification minutely alutaceous and finely and moderately denselypunctate; pale with two anterior spots usually well marked, lateralones and median stripe often paler brown, sometimes evanescent.Scutellum dark. Elytra with sides parallel, somewhat convex, humeriwell marked with short intrahumeral sulcus; in female on lateralapical half a faint trace of ridging such as occurs in the pcnsylvamcagroup, but much shorter; surface finely alutaceous, finely and quitedensely punctate; vittae narrow, the submarginal and suturalusually rather weakly uniting at apex; the median vitta in specimensfrom about Lake Michigan often interrupted, sometimes almost en-tirely disappearing. Body beneath densely and rather coarsely pu-bescent, pale with metasternum in part darkened, tibiae more or lessdark, often pale with apex only dark, and tarsi dark. Length, 6.5to 8.5 mm ; width, 3.5 to 4.5 mm.Type locality.?"Carolina" (as here restricted).Distribution.?Maine (Monmouth, Paris) ; New Hampshire (Can-obie Lake, White Mountains) ; Vermont (Brattleboro, Burlington)
;
Massachusetts (Andover, Chicopee, Framingham, Ipswich, Ludlow,Springfield, Wareham, Wilbraham) ; Connecticut; New York (LongIsland) ; New Jersey (Clementon) ; Virginia (Nelson County) ;North Carolina (Dillsboro) ; South Carolina (Salem, Columbia,Newry) ; Tennessee; Louisiana (New Orleans); Illinois (Chicago,Grand Tower, Havana, Kahokia, Metropolis, Muncie, TopekaBeach, Waukegan) ; Indiana (Millers, Pine, Turkey Hun) ; Ohio(Camp Perry, Columbus, Cincinnati) ; Michigan (Berrien Springs,Breedsville, Douglas Lake, Lewiston, Marquette, Monroe, PortHuron, Toledo Beach) ; Minnesota (Lake Pelican, St. AnthonyPark) ; Wisconsin (Baldwin, Elkhorn, Hangen, Madison) ; SouthDakota (Perkins County) ; Kansas (Douglas County, Ellis County,Hamilton County, Medora, Pawnee County, Rooks County, RussellCounty, Wichita) ; Nebraska (Vfest Point) ; Oklahoma (Cleveland
22 PROCEEDIN-GS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82County); Texas; New Mexico (Las Vegas, Santa Fe) ; Arizona(Oak Creek Canyon, White Mountains) ; Nevada (Ormsby County)
;
Wj'oming (Cheyenne, Laramie) ; Utah (American Fork, Coalville)Colorado (Antonito, Denver, Colorado Springs, Fort Collins, Gree-ley, Poudre Fork) ; Idaho (Blackfoot, Pocatello) ; Montana (Assini-boine, Billings, Bozeman, Glendive, Helena, Huntley) ; California,(Oakdale, Oil City, Kern County, Sacramento, Snelling) ; NovaScotia (Truro); Ontario; Manitoba (Aweme, Onah) ; Saskatche-wan; Mackenzie (Mackenzie River); Northwest Territories (Simp-son) ; Alberta (Medicine Hat) ; British Columbia (Oliver, Osoyoos).Food 'plant.?Salix.Remarks.?This is one of the species that have been confusedunder the name of D. quinquevittata (Say) since Horn's revision ofthe genus. From Say's description of quinquevittata from Missouri,it is not clear which of several closely related species he had beforehim. Both pluriligata and the present species are found in Mis-souri, as well as punctigera^ and Say's description applies equallywell to all three. D. pluriligata is found in the Middle and Gulf Statesand westward but not north of Illinois. I have examined only onespecimen from the East and this, labeled College Park, Md., col-lected by Duckett, is probably mislabeled, as much of Duckett's ma-terial was mounted after his death. D. punctigera is also a westernspecies, not known east of Illinois. D. altemata was described byIlliger as coming "aus Carolina; Bosc d'Antic. Auf verschiednenGartengewachsen in Pensylvanien ; Pred. Melsheimer; Prof.Knoch." Although I have not seen the type of altemata^ fromcomparisons made by Dr. W. G. Kuntzen with the Illiger specimensin the Berlin University Zoological Museum I have little doubt thatthe eastern species commonly called quinquevittata (Say) is thespecies described by Illiger. In the LeConte collection this speciesbears the label altemata. Dr. Kuntzen writes as follows ofaltetmata:Type and three paratypes, surely all the same, Carolina, Bosc d'Antic leg.* * * is In the sense of G. H. Horn (1889) a form of 5-i?J< fern Say * * *and is similar to the specimens named in the Berlin Museum as D. punctigeraLeconte from Kansas, Hamilton County 3.350 feet F. H. Snow *[specimens of this same series from Hamilton County in the Snow collectionhave been examined and are what is here identified as alternata Illiger]* * the black stripes of the elytra are narrow, there are only two distalspots on the pronotum, a posterior part of the metasternum of crescent shapeis not at all or only a little darkened. Length, 7 to 8.5 mm,D. altemata is found from Canada to Texas and from the Atlanticcoast to British Columbia. In general it is a slightly larger andbroader species than pluriligata, but so closely resembles it thatoften only an examination of the aedeagus will enable one to dis-tinguish the two species.
ABT. 28 REVISION OP DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 23Two specimens from Dillsboro, N.C., and a female in Mr. Schaef-fer's collection from Fort Benning, Ga., are slightly smaller andpaler, with the labrum pale, the pronotal spots not large, and theelytral vittae narrow. Dissection of the male from Dillsboro, N.C.,shows that the aedeagus is identical with the larger and darkernorthern specimens.7. DISONYCHA LATIOVITTATA HatchPlate 2, Figxire 6Haltica puncticolUs LeConte, Reports of explorations and surveys for a railroadroute from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, vol. 9, no. 1, p. G7,1857; vol. 12, pt. 3, p. 67. 1860 (Oregon and California; type in LeCoutecollection, Mus. Conip. Zool.) (Not Haltica puncticolUs Kirby, 1837.)Dlsonycha puncticolUs Gemmingeb and Harold, Catalogus coleopterorum, p.3497, 1876.?Centner, Can. Ent., vol. 58, p. 149, 1926.Disom/cha giiinquevittata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 203, 1889(in part).Disonycha quinquevittata var. puncticolUs Schaeffeb, Journ. New York Ent.Soc, vol. 39, p. 280. 1931.Disoujicha latiovittata Hatch, Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 108, 1932(Nisqually, Washington; type in collection M. H. Hatch),Description.?Broadly oblong oval, feebly shining, prothoraxdensely punctate; pale, head with labrum and often occiput dark,pronotum with 4 or 5 spots, elytra with sutural, median, and sub-marginal vittae, usually metasternum in middle, apex of tibiae, andtarsi dark. Head with interocular space slightly more than halfwidth of head ; carina not acute, broad and produced, frontal tuber-cles somewhat swollen, well marked ; coarsely and rugosely punctate
;
pale, with labrum, sometimes also tubercles and occiput, dark,Antennae stout, dark with paler basal joints; third joint shorter thanfourth or fifth, which are subequal, the fourth slightly longer,Prothorax twice as broad as long, not very convex, with callosityon each side on basal half and slight median depression near base;somewhat narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides; surface alutaceousand densely punctate, not shiny; pale, generally with four spots,the median stripe usually either obsolete or reduced to a dot. Scutel-lum dark. Elytra broadly oblong, sides parallel somewhat convex,humeri well marked, with a distinct intrahumeral sulcus; surfacealutaceous, somewhat shining, moderately coarsely and densely punc-tate; sutural and submarginal vittae usually joined at apex, vittaebroad in Washington and Oregon specimens, but often rather narrowin California specimens, and in these the median vitta sometimesinterrupted. Body beneath densely pubescent, pale, usually withthe middle of metasternum, apex of tibiae, and tarsi dark. Length,6 to 7.2 mm ; width, 3.2 to 3,8 mm.Type locality.?Nisqually, Wash., collected by Trevor Kincaid,August 23, 1931.
24 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82Distribution.?Washington (San Gabriel, Wawawai) ; Oregon(Corvalis, Freewater) ; California (Bartlett Springs, Camp Gree-ley, Castle Crag, Colton, Contra Costa, Dunsmuir, Fresno County,Garden Grove, Hayfork, Isabella, Kaweah, Los Alamitos, Los Ange-les, Orange County, Pasadena, Paso Robles, Riverside, Santa AnaRiver, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Joaquin River, San Jose,Santa Monica, Sacramento, Sierra Nevada, Tulare County, Woyden,Yreka) ; Wyoming (Yellowstone National Park) ; British Colum-bia (Conford).Food plant.?Salix.Remarks.?The type of Haltica functicoUis LeConte is withoutdoubt the specimen in the LeConte collection bearing the name anda gilt label indicating that it was collected in California. It fitsLeConte's description, even to the dark coloring in the middle of themetasternum at the base (this coloring is more or less variable, butthe entire metasternum is not dark in any specimen examined).Unfortunately, the name 'puncticollis has been previously used byKirby in describing his Haltica puncticollis, which is now regardedas a synonym of D. triangularis (Say), and this has necessitatedchanging LeConte's very applicable specific name. In describingD. latiovittata, Hatch suggested that it might be identical withjruncticollis, but that in any case the latter name was preoccupied.Specimens in the United States National Museum agreeing with hisdescription and from Wawawai, Wash., one of the localities men-tioned by Hatch in citing paratype specimens, have been comparedby the writer with the type of D. puncticollis (LeConte) and foundto be identical.D. latiovittata is one of the species closely related to and usuallyconfused with alternata. The aedeagus, however, differs consider-ably from that of altemata, being somewhat intermediate in shapebetween that species and pluriligata. D, latiovittata is distinguishedby the densely and more coarsely punctate prothorax. The elytraalso appear broader and more depressed than in alternata. TheWashington and Oregon specimens usually have wide black elytralvittae and well-marked pronotal spots, but California specimens donot have unusually wide dark vittae; in fact, the median one issometimes so narrow as to be interrupted, and the spots on thepronotum are less marked.
8. DISONYCHA SCHAEFFERI, new speciesPlate 2, Figtjrej 7Description.?Elongate oblong-oval, elytra coarsely and denselypunctate, feebly shining; pale, head with slightly darkened labrum,often tubercles and occiput dark; prothorax with two well-markedspots anteriorly, and only a trace of lateral and median spots, elytra
ABT. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 25with sutiiral, median, and submarginal vittae, metasternura inpart, apex of tibiae, and tarsi dark. Head with interocular spacemore than half width of head ; carina not acute, broad and produced
;
frontal tubercles somewhat swollen ; coarsely and rugosely punctateon each side of front, with middle a little smoother ; pale, the labrum,often tubercles, and occiput darkened. Antennae, stout, dark withpaler basal joints, third joint shorter than fourth or fifth, which aresubequal with the fourth slightly longer. Prothorax not twice aswide as long, somewhat convex, a callosity on either side and slightmedian basal depression; narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides;surface alutaceous, moderately coarsely and rather densely punctatepale with two well-marked anterior spots, the lateral spots andmedian stripe faint. Scutellum dark. Elytra oblong oval withparallel sides; somewhat convex; humeri well marked with a shortintrahumeral sulcus; surface alutaceous, feebly shining, distinctlyand densely, often confluently punctate; pale with narrow sutural,median and submarginal vittae, the sutural and submarginal weaklyjoined. Body beneath densely pubescent, pale with metasternum inpart, apex of tibiae, and tarsi dark. Length, 7 to 8 mm; width, 3.6to 4.2 mm.Type.?Male and two female paratypes, U.S.N.M. No. 43649.Type locality.?" Canada " (Wirt Robinson collection.)Distribution.?"Canada"; Ohio (Cincinnati).Food plant.?Unknown.Remarks.?This species is related to alternata but easily distin-guished from it by the coarse and dense punctation of the elytra.The aedeagus also differs from that of the rest of the alternatagroup, although bearing a resemblance to that of alternata. I takepleasure in dedicating this species to Charles Schaeffer, who hasstudied the genus Disonycha for manj'^ years. Mr. Schaeffer has sentme for examination from his collection two specimens of this species,both females, with the locality label Cincinnati, Ohio.
9. DISONYCHA PLURILIGATA (LeConte)Plate 2, Figure 9fAltica quinqnevittata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 88,1824 ("Missouri"; type lost).Halfica pluriUgata LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 27,1858 (Kansas and Texas; type in LeConte collection, Mus. Comp. Zool.).Disonycha pluriUgata LeConte, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 11, p. 25, 1859.Disonycha qninqucvittata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 16, p. 203, 1889(in part).?Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, suppl., p. 276, 1891.?Schaef-fer, .Touru. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 279, 1931.Description.?Elongate oblong oval, somewhat shining ; pale, headwith occiput, labrum, and often tubercles darker, pronotum usually5-spotted, lateral spots sometimes evanescent, elytra with sutural,175870?33 4
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82median, and siibmarginal vittae, metasternum in part, apex of tibiae,and tarsi dark. Head with interocular space slightly more thanhalf its width; tubercles distinctly marked, carina not acute, broad,and slightly produced; coarse punctures about fovea on each sideof head near eye, but median space usually smooth; pale with la-brum, usually tubercles, and occiput darker. Antennae robust,dark with paler basal joints, third joint shorter than fourth or fifth,which are subequal, the fourth longer. Prothorax not twice as wideas long, narrowed very little anteriorly with only slightly arcuatesides ; not very convex ; a slight callosity on either side on basal halfand a median basal depression; surface alutaceous and finely punc-tate; pale with five spots, sometimes lateral sjDots and median stripeevanescent. Scutellum dark. Elytra with parallel sides, somewhatconvex, humeri well developed and an intrahumeral sulcus; on lat-eral apical half a trace of the ridges characteristic of the pensylvan-ica group, and slightly more developed than in alternata\ surfacealutaceous and finely punctate; vittae usually wider than in alter-nata except in the southwestern specimens, and the sutural and sub-marginal often rather feebly joined at apex. Body beneath denselyand somewhat coarsely pubescent, pale with metasternum in part,usually the middle, dark; apex of tibiae and tarsi dark. Length,6.8 to 7.8 mm; width, 3.5 to 4.4 mm.Type locality.?Kansas (as here restricted).Distribution.?Tennessee; Illinois (Elizabethtown. East St. Louis,Grafton, Grand Tower, Kahokia, Metropolis, Peoria, Quincy)
;
Kansas (Topeka) ; Missouri; Arkansas (Texarkana) ; Oklahoma(Cleveland County) ; Texas (Brownsville, Columbus, Dallas, DelRio, Laredo, Wellborn) ; Louisiana (Baton Rouge, Mandeville)Colorado (Boulder).Food plant.?Salix.Remarks.?The specimen labeled pluriligata in the LeConte collec-tion also bears a green label, indicating that it is probably the Kansasspecimen mentioned in the original description. It fits the descrip-tion and may be considered the type. In most collections pluriligatais confused with altemata. As LeConte states, pluriligata is "alliedto altemata., but narrower and with a less transverse thorax." It isvery difficult, however, to distinguish the two species in many in-stances, and the only certain means is to dissect for the aedeagus,that of pluriligata having a broad tip quite different from the acutetip of altemata. In general, pluriligata is more elongate, has asmoother head, the prothorax is narrower, the elytral vittae arewider, and the elytral ridging in the female is more pronounced. Itsrange, also, is more southern, no specimens being as yet known fromCanada, New England, or the Northwestern States. I have seen
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 27only one specimen east of Tennessee, and this is a specimen labeledCollege Park, Md., collected by Duckett (see notes under alternata) ;the accuracy of this label is open to considerable doubt.DISONYCHA PLURILIGATA var. PURA (LeConte)Plate 2, Figure 10Haltica pura Le(_^onte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 80, 1858(Colorado River, California; type in LeConte collection, Mus. Comp. Zool.).Disoni/cha pura LeConte, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 11, p. 25, 1859.Disonycha capitata Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 316, 1884. [Notype locality designated, but these localities given: Mexico (North Sonora,Tuxtla, Cosanialoapam) ; Guatemala (Zapote Panzos).]Disonycha quinqucvittata var. pura Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. vol. 16, p.315, 1880."? ? var. pura Schaeffer, Joiirn. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p.334, 1919.?var. pwra Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39. p.380, 1931.Disonycha quinqueuittata Jacoby, Biol. Centr, Amer., vol. 6, suppl., p. 276.1891.Deseription.?Usually smaller and paler than pluriligata^ the pro-notum not so heavily marked with spots, sometimes 4, but often only2 anterior spots; the elytra with narrower vittae, and the submar-ginal one frequently very poorly defined ; the body beneath sometimesentirely pale or with slight darkening in middle of metasternum.Length, 6.5 to 7.5 mm ; width, 3.5 to 4 mm.Type locality.?Colorado River, Calif.Distribution.?Arizona (Globe, Nogales, Oak Creek Canyon,Phoenix, River Camp, Santa Cruz River, White Mountains, Yuma) ;New Mexico (Albuquerque) ; California (Calipatria, Colton, Col-orado River, Imperial County, Needles, Pomona, Riverside, Yuma).Food plant.?Salix exlgua (D. K. Duncan).Remarks.?The specimen labeled pura in the LeConte collectionalso bears a gilt label indicating that it was collected in California,and therefore may be considered the type. LeConte separated pura.from pluriligata by its slenderer form and the uniform yellow colorof the undersurface. These differences in general hold, but purais only a pale, attenuated southwestern variety of pluriligata.^ as dis-section reveals. The aedeagus is indistinguishable from that of thelarger, more heavily marked Kansas and Texas specimens.Jacoby dwelt upon the prominences of the thoracic tubercles in hisdescription of capitata. In reality these callosities are not muchmore marked than in most of the alternata group, but the lack ofcoloring on the paler, arid country specimens accentuates these prom-inences. Jacoby states that it ranges as far south as Guatemala.Probably there is a confusion of more than one species in Jacoby'stype series of capitata. The specimens from '' North Sonora, Mex-ico " (= Arizona) collected b^' Morrison, some of which now in the
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82Museum of Comparative Zoology were purchased from Jacoby byBowditch, are identical with LeConte's type of yura. I believe thatthese are some of the cotypes of D. capitata and designate " NorthSonora" (i.e., Arizona) as the type locality.
10. DISONYCHA PUNCTIGERA LeContePlate 3, Figure 11? Altica quinquevittata Say, Joum. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 88,1824 (" Missouri " ; type lost).Disonycha punctigera LeConte, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 11, p. 24, 1859(Kansas, near the Rocky Mountains; type in LeConte collection, Mus.Comp. Zool. )
.
Disonycha quinquevittata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, pp. 203, 315,1889 (in part).Disonycha neglceta Schaeiter, Joum. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 283,1931 (Kansas; type in collection of Charles Schaeffer).Disonycha, punctipennis Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 284,1931 (Lake Okoboji, Iowa; type, U.S.N.M. No. 44118).Description.?Broadly oblong oval, feebly shining, elytra denselypunctate ; pale, occiput darkened, pronotum with 4 or 5 spots, elytralvittae narrow, metasternum, apex of tibiae, and tarsi dark. Headwith interocular space more than half width of head; interantennalarea broad, slightly produced, tubercles not swollen but distinctlymarked; surface generally smooth and shining in middle withsome punctures, coarse but not confluent, on each side about foveanear eye ; posterior edge of occiput, usually tubercles, often a streakdown carina, and labrum dark. Antennae dark with paler basaljoints, third joint shorter than fourth or fifth, which are subequal,the fourth slightly longer. Prothorax scarcely twice as wide as long,convex without depressions, narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides;surface alutaceous with fine punctation ; pale, usually with four spots,the median stripe more or less obsolete or reduced to a spot. Scutel-lum dark. Elytra broadly oblong oval, convex, humeri marked by ashort intrahumeral sulcus ; surface alutaceous, distinctly and closelypunctate ; vittae narrow, submarginal and sutural not united at apex,usually submarginal not extending beyond median at apex. Bodybeneath finely pubescent; jiale, with middle of metasternum and apexof tibiae and tarsi darkened. Length, 6.3 to 7.6 mm; width, 3.3 to4.4 mm.Type locality.?" Kansas near the Rocky Mountains."Distributio7i.?Illinois (Fort Sheridan) ; Kansas (Onaga, RenoCounty, Riley County, Sylvia, Topeka) ; Nebraska (Lincoln) ; Iowa(Lake Okoboji) ; South Dakota (Madison) ; Montana (Billings)
;
Colorado (Mancos, Platte Canyon) ; New Mexico (Aztec) ; Alberta(E'lmonton).Food plant.?Unknown.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 29Remarks.?In the LeConte collection are 3 specimens of this species,1 of which is labeled H. pimctigera and all of which bear the greencircle label indicating that they are from the region given as thotype locality. Following these three specimens are several othersnot of this species, but arizonae, and not fitting LeConte's descrip-tion. In his description LeConte differentiated this species clearlyfrom others closely resembling it. According to the original de-scription, 'punctigera is broader proportionately than any of thealtemata group, the prothorax is more convex, lacking the depressionssuch as are found in the aUernafa group, and the elytra are stronglyand densely punctured. Moreover, the submarginal and sutural vit-tae, as he also states, are not at all joined, in this respect differingfrom aHzonae. In short, punctigera., although at first glance resem-bling alternata, is not related to it. The head is smoother, the pro-thorax and elytra are differently shaped and lack depressions, andthe aedeagus is unlike that of altemata., but resembles somewhat thatof IJ. caroliniana., an oval species. Possibly this is the speciesdescribed by Say as A. quinquevittata (see p. 65).Mr. Schaeffer has sent me a paratype of D. neglecta from Kansas,which he has donated to the National Museum (no. 44116). It isa male and has been preserved for some time in alcohol and is there-fore paler, but in no other way separable from typical specimens of D.
'punctigera LeConte. A type (male) and three paratypes (1 maleand 2 females) of D. punotipennis in the United States NationalMuseum are identical with typical specimens of D. punctigera. Ap-parentl}'^, although Mr. Schaeffer has recognized the species, he hasnever connected LeConte's name punctigera with it, but has con-sidered altemata as punctigera. This is shown by species labeled D.punctigera by him in the National Museum, which are alternata, andby his most recent paper on Disonycha (1931).
11. DISONYCHA ARIZONAE CaseyPlate 3, P'igure 13Disonycha arizonae Caset, Contributions, pt. I, p. 52, 1884 (Arizona ; tyiK'U.S.N.M. No. 49225, Casey collection).
?
Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol.16, p. 206, 1889.Disonycha glabrata Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 311, 1884 (inpart).Disonycha davisi Schaeffeh, .Touin. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 32, p. 141, 1924(Anglesea, N. J. ; type, U.S.N..AI. No. 4242(>).Descri'ption.?Oblong, feebly shining, with moderately denselypunctate prothorax and elytra; pale, usually with a small dark spoton occiput and dark labnun, tubercles sometimes dark, two anteri(irspots on prothorax, and sutural, median, and submarginal elytralvittae; apex of tibiae and tarsi dark. Head with interocular space
30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82more than half width of head; frontal carina not acute, broad andsomewhat produced, tubercles well marked but flat; middle of occi-put and front usually smooth with some coarse punctures about foveanear eye; pale, with often a small spot in middle of occiput, thetubercles frequently brown and the labrum always dark. Antennaeshort, dark with paler basal joints, third, fourth, and fifth joints sub-equal, the fourth slightly the longest, the remainder nearly as broadas long. Prothorax a little over twice as wide as long; somewhatconvex, a little narrowed anteriorly, with sides arcuate ; surface moreor less distinctly and quite densely punctate, alutaceous; pale withtwo anterior spots, not close together and somewhat oblique, withanterior ends approximate. Scutellum dark. Elytra broadly ob-long oval, convex, with humeri not prominent and without intra-humeral sulcus; surface alutaceous, somewhat shining, densely andoften cf rsely punctate; sutural, median, and submarginal vittaeonly moderately wide, the submarginal uniting with sutural at apex.Body beneath usually finely and densely pubescent, but in Arizonaspecimens only sparsely pubescent; entirely pale, the apex of tibiaeand tarsi brown, and sometimes the middle of the anterior femorawith a brown marking. Length, 4.6 to 6.5 mm ; width, 2.6 to 3.2 mm.Type locality.?Arizona, collected by H. K. Morrison.Distribution.?Maine (Monmouth, Paris, Wales) ; Massachusetts(Cliicopee, Maiden, Springfield) ; Connecticut (Meriden) ; RhodeIsland (Providence); New York; New Jersey (Anglesea, Boonton,Troy Hill) ; Pennsjdvania (Frankford) ; Maryland (Odenton) ; Dis-trict of Columbia; Virginia (Falls Church) ; Tennessee (Elmwood) ;South Carolina (Clemson College) ; Illinois (Anna, Billets Station,Bloomington, Champaign, Normal, Urbaiia) ; Iowa (Iowa City) ;Missouri (Virgil City) ; Nebraska (Lincoln, Malcolm) ; Kansas(Douglas County, Garden City, Onaga, Riley County, Topeka)
;
Texas (Alpine, Brownsville, Cypress Hills, Devils River, Sabinal,San Antonio, San Diego) ; Arizona (Baboquivari Mountains, Co-chise County, Douglas, Fort Grant, Gila County, Huachuca Moun-tains, Nogales, Oak Creek Canyon, Palmerly, Pinal Mountains,Santa Cruz County, Santa Rita Mountains, Sierra Anche) ; NewMexico (Las Vegas) ; Manitoba (Aweme).Food plants.?Potato, Solanum tuberosurn (Blanchard) ; Russian-thistle, Salsola pestifer (in New Mexico).Remarks.?The type series of this species consists of two specimens,both females, in the Casey collection, which correspond with Casey'sprecise description of arisonae. There is also a set in the NationalMuseum collection labeled "Arizona, Morrison ", which probably isfrom the same series. Still another specimen of the same series inthe National Museum, mounted on a pin with a specimen of glabrata
ABT. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 31with the locality label " N. Sonora, Mexico, Morrison ", from the Bio-logia material, has been identified, presumably by Jacoby, as glahrata.This species of Disonycha is one of the most widespread over theUnited States, being found in the east from Maine to Texas andwestward to Arizona. It also occurs in Canada. It is distinguishedby the oblong shape, the rather closely punctate pronotum and elytra,the two somewhat distant pronotal spots, the short, robust antennae,and pale undersurface. In size and punctation it is somewhat vari-able. Casey's Arizona specimens differ from Schaeffer's easternspecimens {davisi) very little except in degree of coloration andelytral punctation, the Arizona ones being paler and not so deeplypunctate and therefore with smoother and more shining elytra. Theundersurface of Casey's specimens is also less pubescent (the moresparsely punctate ventral surface is Schaeffer's chief distinction be-tween davisi and arizonae) . I can find no difference in the aedeagi inspecimens from Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Arizona. As arule, the northern specimens are larger, of darker coloring, and moreheavily punctate. A series from Tennessee and some from Texasare small with the elytra densely but not deeply punctate. Anotherseries from Batchawana Bay, Lake Superior, Ontario, comprisingthe largest of the specimens, is so coarsely punctate as to be confusedwith functigera; in fact, this species is confused with 'punctigera inthe series of the LeConte collection under punctigera (see notesunder that species). It differs from jnmctigera in the shape of theaedeagus and in having the submarginal and sutural vittae united atthe apex. This Lake Superior series is the most divergent of allihe specimens examined and deserves a varietal name.DISONYCHA ARIZONAE BOREALIS, new varietyPlate 3, Figure 14Descnption.?Of same shape and coloring as arizonae but withmuch coarser and deeper pronotal and elytral punctation; fourthantennal joint distinctly longer than third or fifth; aedeagus (seepi. 3, fig. 14) of same general shape as in arizonae^ but with minordifferences. Length, 5.5 to 6.8 mm ; width, 3 to 3.5 mm.Tyye.?Male and 7 paratypes (5 female, 2 male), U.S.N.M. No.43650.Type locality.?Batchawana Bay, Lake Superior, Ontario, col-lected by H. G. Hubbard and E. A. Schwarz.Other locality.?Marquette, Mich.The type series was listed by Hubbard and Schwarz (Proc. Amer.Philos. Soc, vol. 17, p. 640, 1878), from Bachewauung Bay (spellingrecently changed on maps) and IVIarquette under the specific namepunctigera as determined by LeConte.
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82
12. DISONYCHA TENUICORNIS HornPlate 3, Figure 12Disonycha tenuicornis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 208, 188&(southern Arizona; type in Horn collection, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia).Description.?Broadly oblong oval, moderately shining, pale withtwo anterior dark pronotal spots, and very narrow dark medianelytral vitta and narrowly darkened sutural edges, the submarginalvitta usually being only faintly indicated; antennae unusually longand slender, extending fully half the length of the elytra in thefemale (longer in the male). Head with interocular space more thanhalf width of head; interantennal area broad and flat, frontal tu-bercles scarcely marked, occiput and front smooth and shining, onlya few scattered punctures on either side about fovea near eye; headentirely pale. Antennae dark with paler basal joints; long andslender, extending fully half length of elytra, third joint a littleshorter than fourth and fifth, which are subequal, the fourth slightlylonger, sixth and seventh nearly as long. Prothorax not twice asbroad as long, nearly rectangular with sides only slightly arcuate,somewhat convex; shining, almost impunctate; pale with two an-terior dark spots. Scutellum dark brown. Elytra somewhat convex,oblong, with humeri not prominent and with little trace of an intra-humeral sulcus ; moderately shining, under high magnification finelyalutaceous and finely punctate; pale with unusually narrow medianvitta, sutural vitta usually consisting of scarcely more than darkenedsutural edges, submarginal vitta poorly defined, more distinct andwider at apex and uniting with sutural vitta. Body beneath denselycovered with fine pubescence, entirely pale, legs pale with a darkenedstreak on outside of femora, tarsi brown. Claws with basal toothmuch longer than in other species of the genus. Length, 6 to 7.6 mm
;
width, 3 to 4.5 mm.Type locality.?Southern Arizona; type collected by H. K. Mor-rison.Distrihutio7i.?New Mexico (Alamogordo, Organ Mountains)
;
Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County).Food plant.?Unknown.Reinarhs.?Disonycha tenuicornis, a species so far found only inNew Mexico and Arizona, is unusual in having long and very slenderantennae. It is broadly oblong with a broad head, and the elytrahave very narrow vittae. In the specimens examined, the male isconsiderably smaller than the female. I have seen only a fewspecimens, and since the species is apparently rare, these deserveparticular mention. I have examined three specimens in Horn'scollection, 2 from Alamogordo, N. Mex., and 1 from Arizona; 1 in
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCIIA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 33the collection of Ralph Hopping from Cochise County, Ariz,; and2 in the National Museum, from the Organ Mountains, N. Mex.^and Chiricahua Mountains, Ariz.
13. DISONYCHA CAROLINIANA (Fabricius)Plate 3, Figure 16Crioceris caroliniana Fabricius, Systeuia entomologiae, p. 122, 1775 (Carolina;Drury cnllectioi! ; type apparently IdSt).Chrijsomela carolinknia Fabricics, Mantissa iiiseotorum, vol. 1, p. 75, 1787.Oalleruca caroUuiana Fabricius, Entomologia systematica, pt. 2, p. 24, 1792;Systema Eleutlieratorum, vol. 1, p. 491, 1801.ICistela svittata Fabricius. Entomologia systematica, pt. 2, p. 47, 1792.ICistela vittata Fabricius, Systema Eleutlieratorum, vol. 1, p. 491, 1801.fAltica caroUniana Oliviee, Bncyclopedie m^thodique, vol. 4 (vol. 1, Insects),p. 105, 1789 ; Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 684, 1808.IHaltica caroJiviana Illiger, Mag. fur Insekt., vol. 6, p. 144, 1807.Disoni/cha caroliniayia Chevbolat, Dejean Catalogue, p. 414, 1837.
?
Horn,Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 315, 1889.Disonycha quinquevittata Fabricius, in Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus cole-opterorum, p. 8497, 1876.Disonycha pulchra Casey, Contributions, pt. 1, p. 51, 1884 (Chester, Pa.;U.S.N.M. No. 49224, Casey collection).Disonycha alternata Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 315, 1889 (assynonym; not H. alternata Illiger).Description.?Oblong oval, smooth, somewhat shining; pale withdarker antennae, two pronotal spots, placed near anterior margin,dark sutural, median, and submarginal elytral vittae and darktibiae and tarsi. Head with interocular space considerably morethan half width of head ; interantennal area scarcely carinate, broad
;
tubercles not swollen ; surface smooth except for a few punctures oneach side about fovea ; entirely pale. Antennae dark with basaljoints a little paler, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal, thefourth slightly the longest. Prothorax fully twice as broad as long,narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides; convex; surface shining,very indistinctly punctate ; pale with two spots placed near anteriormargin, these spots occasionally large and in one specimen coalescing,Scutellum broadly triangular, dark. Elytra oblong oval, sidesrounded, humeri not pronounced or marked by intrahumorai sulcussurface somewhat shining, under high magnification minutely alu-taceous and finely and indistinctly punctate ; sutural and submarginalvittae narrow and usually not quite uniting at apex, median vittaeonly moderately wide. Body beneath finely but not conspicuouslypubescent; entirely pale except the darkened tibiae and tarsi, fre-quently only apex of tibiae dark. Length, 5.8 to 6.5 mm.; width,3.2 to 3.8 mm.Type locality.?" Carolina."175870?33 5
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82Distribution.?Massachusetts (Chicopee, Cambridge, Framing-ham, Lynn Beach, Springfield) ; New York; Connecticut (Lyme) ;Pennsylvania (Chester) ; Maryland (Bladensburg, Glen Echo)
;
Virginia (Canij^ Humphreys, Virginia Beach) ; North Carolina;Georgia (Thomasville) ; Florida (Capron, Enterprise, Haulover,Jacksonville, Miami, Sanford) ; Louisiana (Covington) ; Texas (Col-lege Station) ; Oklahoma (Osage County) ; Illinois (Meredosia).Food plant.?Unknown. (Fabricius, 1801, gave the food plant asAmaranthus spinosus, but confusion between this species and glahratamay have occurred at that time.)Remarks.?The type of Fabricius' species, described from theDrury collection, seems to have been lost. K. G. Blair, of the BritishMuseum, has lent me for examination a specimen determined ascaroliniana^ " the determination of which is probably more or lesstraditional ", that agrees with specimens compared by Dr. W. G.Kuntzen, of the Berlin University Zoological Museum. DoctorKuntzen writes that in the Berlin Museum are six specimens underthe name caroliniana received from Fabricius himself, all of whichagree with the meager description of caroUniana. lUiger, as DoctorKuntzen writes, with little doubt described a different species underthe name caroUniana. Probably Olivier also had a different speciesor confused two species under carollniaina. According to Olivier'sdescription the pronotum is sometimes immaculate and sometimes hastwo spots, and in his illustration the pronotum is without markings.No specimen of carolinianu that I have examined is without theanterior pronotal spots. It is possible that Olivier had before himthe smaller, oval species described by Blatchley as admiral) ilk. Theillustration fits that species, and in many collections ad>mirabilis islabeled caroUniana., mainly, I believe, on account of Olivier'sillustration.D. caroUniana., which is rather poorly represented in most collec-tions, appears to inhabit the coastal region from Massachusetts toTexas. I have seen one specimen from Oklahoma and one fromIllinois. It is ver}^ much like the pale form of fiimata, described bySchaeffer as lodingl^ but can be distinguished from that by its shorterand subequal third, fourth, and fifth antennal joints, and its entirelypale head, as well as by its shorter and broader prothorax. It islarger than admirahiUs., and always has two anterior pronotal spots,which are not usually present in admirahiUs. The eastern variety oflatifrons^ described by Schaeffer as laticolUs, is usually larger anddarker, the labrum and frequently the metasternum being dark.The aedeagus of caroUniana is not like that of any other NorthAmerican species of Disonycha.D. pulchra was described by Casey from two fresh specimens ofthis species, both females, collected near Chester, Pa. The live
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 35beetles are much briohter in coloring. Casey's beetles now have theusual appearance of dried museum specimens of this species.
14. DISONYCHA FIGURATA JacobyPlate 3, Figitbe 15Disnnycha figurata Jacohy, r>ioi. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 814, 1884 (typenot designated; Mexico to Panama).Description.?Broadly oval, feebly shining, pale yellow; prothoraxwith 2, rarely 4 dark spots anteriorlj^ ; elytra with usually indistinctsutural, median, and submarginal vittae, occasionally these vittaedark brown and well marked. Head with interocular space morethan half width of head ; interantennal area broad, scarcely carinate,a group of punctures about fovea on each side near eye ; head smooth,shining and entirely pale except for the brown labrum and occasion-ally slightly darkened frontal tubercles. Antennae piceous, fourthjoint longer than third or fifth. Prothorax less than twice as broadas long, convex, narrowed anteriorly with slightly arcuate sides;shining, indistinctly and sparsely punctate; pale with 2 anteriordark spots, occasionally, in darker specimens, with 4 spots and a traceof a median line. Scutellum brownish. Elytra oval, somewhat con-vex, with humeri not prominent; surface shallowly, closely, andrather indistinctly punctate; pale yellow with usually indistinctand narrow sutural, median, and submarginal vittae, the submar-ginal and sutural vittae tending to unite at apex; in darker speci-mens the vittae sometimes stronger and brownish. Body beneathpale with middle of metasternum and occasionally middle of abdo-men dark, a streak, sometimes a darkened area, on femora, and theapex of tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 6.2 to 7 mm; width, 3.2 to3.5 mm.Type locality.?Not designated; the following localities given:Mexico (Ventanas, Cerro de Plumas, Oaxaca, Juquila, Cordova,Playa Vicente, Tuxtla, Capulalpam, Guanajuato) ; Guatemala (Cap-etillo, Duenas, Chacoj) ; Panama (Bugaba).Distribution.?Nevada (Hot Springs) ; Arizona (Nogales, Pata-gonia, Santa Rita Mountains). Mexico to Panama.Food plant.?Unknown.R-emarks.?This species, described by Jacoby from Mexico, Guate-mala, and Panama, has been collected in the United States in Nevadaand Arizona. It is remarkable on account of its pale and ill-definedelytral vittae, often so indistinct that the elytra appear entirelypale yellow-brow^n. Occasionally, in a darker specimen, the vittaeare distinct enough to make the species easily confused with latifronsor even fuviata., but the paler undersurface and the shape of theaedeagus distinguish these darker forms. It is quite distinct fromany other North American species, in spite of Jacoby's statement
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82that he had " not much doubt that the insect is but a pale or maybeimmature form of D. alternata or an aUied species."I am indebted to Dr. E. C. Van Dyke for the opportunity toexamine a series of specimens taken by E. P. Van Duzee at Pata-gonia, Ariz., a small station on the southeast slope of the Santa RitaMountains, on August 2, 1924, two of which Dr. Van Dyke hasdonated to the collection of the National Museum. The species wasdescribed from 13 localities between Ventanas, Mexico (Durango?)and Bugaba, Panama, and no type locality is designated. This is thefirst record of its occurrence in the United States.Mr. Schaeffer has sent me two unidentified specimens of thisspecies from his collection from Nogales, Ariz., and Hot Springs,Nev. In the latter specimen the elytral vittae are fully as darkas in other vittae species. Two paratypes are in the NationalMuseum from Capetillo, Guatemala, collected by G. C. Champion.
15. DISONYCHA FUMATA (LeConte)Plate 4, Figure 17Haltica fumata LeConte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 86, 1858(Texas and New Mexico; type in LeConte collection, Mus. Corap. Zool.).Disonychci alternata var. fwmata Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus coleoi>-terorum, p. 3496, 1876.Disonycha crenicollis Hobn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 204, 1889.
?
Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 316, 1884 (in part). (Not Alticacrenicollis Say.)Disonycha alternata Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 311, 1884 (inpart).Disonycha' horni Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, suppl., p. 275, 1891 (inpart) (Puebla, Mexico; type in British Museum).Disonycha fumata Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 334, 1919.Description.?Oblong oval, feebly shining, smooth ; pale, the labrum,sometimes the frontal tubercles, and the occiput dark ; the pronotumalways with 2 and often with 5 spots, the elytra with the usual sutural,median, and submarginal vittae, the metasternum usually dark, and indarker specimens apex of femora, the tibiae, and the tarsi dark ; anten-nae long and slender, fully one half length of beetle in male. Headwith interocular space half width of head; frontal carina somewhatproduced, but not acutely ; tubercles not swollen but well marked ; sur-face smooth with coarse punctures on each side about fovea near eye,often bearing hairs ; labrum long and always dark, tubercles and occi-put frequently dark. Antennae unusually long, dark with paler basaljoints, fourth joint nearly twice as long as third; fourth, fifth, sixth,and seventh subequal, the fourth slightly the longest. Prothoraxbarely twice as broad as long, often less,convex, a slight depression inmiddle near basal margin ; anteriorly with arcuate sides ; somewhatshining, under high magnification minutely alutaceous, very indis-
ART. L'8 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 37tinctly punctate; pale with the 2 anterior spots the most heavilymarked and closely placed, sometimes uniting with each other and themedian line ; the 2 lateral spots if present paler and large. Scutellumdark. Elytra oblong, convex, humeri well marked, with short intra-humeral sulcus ; surface somewhat shining, under high magnificationalutaceous, very indistinctly punctate; vittae only moderately wide,the submarginal and sutural usually narrowly united. Body beneathcovered with dense pale pubescence; pale, the mesosternum andmetasternum dark except in some of the Arizona spcimens (quin-querutata) ; in the pale eastern form {lodingi) the undersurfaceoften entirely pale; femora in darker specimens with a dark apex,tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 5.5 to 7 mm; width, 2.8 to 3.8 mm.Type locality.?Texas (as here restricted).Distribution.?New York (?); Texas (Anahuac, Brownsville,CotuUa, Del Rio. Sarita, Victoria) ; Missouri.Food flant.?Aster.Remarks.?The specimen in the LeConte collection bearing thelabel futnata., which may be regarded as the type, is from Texas, asindicated by the dark red circle label, and is a dark specimen withthe frontal tubercles dark, the pronotal spots well marked, the me-dian ones forming a triangle, the mesosternum and metasternum darkand the abdomen and femora brownish. Four others, mounted twoto a pin on the long broad points characteristic of Morrison's col-lection, bear Arizona labels. These are somewhat paler, with thepronotal spots not so close together, and represent var. quinquerutata(Schaeifer) described on page 39.D. fumata is one of the oval species and is readily distinguishedfrom both caroliniana and latifrons by its longer antennae, its nar-rower interocular space, its long, dark labrum, and longer, narrowerprothorax. It occurs in the southern part of the United States fromAlabama and Texas to California, and is also found in Mexico.There is a large series of it not separable by the aedeagus or anyother structural character in the National Museum collection withthe locality label " N.Y. collection of J. B. Smith ", but this labelmay be incorrect.There has been considerable confusion concerning the name for thisspecies. Although Horn synonymized fumata with quinquevHtata,from his description and from specimens labeled crenicolUs inthe Horn collection it is evident that he considered futnata as thesame as cre7iicollis. Mr. Schaeffer (1919) has come to the same con-clusion, and has pointed out that crenlcoUis was described by Sayfrom Mexico. Say's description of the indented black pronotal lat-eral " dot ", as well as the black venter, does not fit either fumufaor latifrom, the two species most commonly found labeled cr-emcolUs
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82in collections. I have been unable to identify D. crenicollis (Say)in any material examined.Jacoby confused several species with fuinata^ which he listed inthe Biologia as a variety of alternata^ following the Gemmingerand Harold Catalogue. But specimens of fumata from his collectionin the Bowditch collection from North Sonora, Mexico (Morrison)have been labeled o^enicollis. Later, in the Supplement to theBiologia, Jacoby decided that specimens he had previously referredto crenicollis represented a new species, to which he gave the namehorni.D. horni^ in turn, represents another confusion of species. Accord-ing to K. G. Blair, the specimen bearing the label D. horni in theBritish Museum is from Teapa, which is in the lowlands of south-eastern Mexico. Some of the same original set of specimens fromTeapa in the National Museum and also in the Bowditch collection(from Jacoby) are also labeled D. horni. Mr. Blair states, on theother hand, that the specimen of horni figured in the Biologia isfrom Mexico (Puebla) in the Salle collection, and is "smaller andshorter ", and " to my mind agrees with fumata Lee." (as determinedby writer) and that " Jacoby 's description of horni agrees as regardsthe tibiae rather with the specimen figured than with that to whichthe label is attached."Under horni^ as well as under ci^enicollis in his earlier treatment,Jacoby gives as one of his localities " N. Sonora, Mexico (Morrison)."Specimens in the National Museum taken by Morrison in this locality(which is known now to be Arizona and not Mexico), are identicalwith fumata LeConte and probably represent the same series asthat from which LeConte drew up his description, in part. There-fore, it seems best to regard as the type of D. horni the specimenfigured in the Salle collection and thus to dispose of the name hornias a synonym of D. fumata LeConte, and to describe the species fromTeapa, Mexico, as new.^*
"DISONYCHA TEAPENSIS, new speciesPlate 8, Figure 44Disonycha horni Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, suppl., p. 295, 1891 (in part).Description.?Elongate oblong (7.5 mm), not shining, yellow, pronotum uneven andwith two anterior darl' spots; elytra with traces of costae in female, and with darksutural, median, and submarginal vittae ; undersurface with middle of metasterniim andarea about coxae dark. Head with Interocular space about half width of head, smooth inmiddle with punctures on either side near eye ; tubercles distinct, interantennal areasomewhat produced but not acutely so ; pale with narrow occipital band, somewhat dark-ened tubercles, and dark labruin. Antennae extending about to middle of elytra, darkwith paler basal joints, fourth joint nearly twice as long as third. Prothorax not twiceas wide as long, with arcuate sides ; disk uneven with lateral callosities ; surface aluta-ceous, indistinctly punctate ; pale, with two wpil-uiarked anterior dark spots. Srutellumdark. Elytra oblong with parallel sides, humeri pronounced, with a short, deep intra-humeral sulcus ; in female traces of costae in apical half of elytra ; surface alutaceous,
sHT. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA XOKTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 39Mr. Schaeffer has described as D. qu'mqueiutata the paler, smaller,southwestern variety that corresponds with the Arizona specimensof furtiata in the LeConte collection. He has also described as D.lodingi a paler form that occurs in Alabama. Neither the small,southwestern arid country form nor the larger Alabama form isseparable by any structural differences from the Texas specimens.The aedeagi of all three are indistinguishable. I have, however,retained Mr. Schaeffer's names as varietal names for these colorforms. The food plant in the West is Aster spinosits as recordedby H. R. Brisley,-^ and H. P. Loding has collected it in Alabamaon a species of wild aster.DISONYCHA FUMATA rar. QUINQUERUTATA SchaefferPlate 4, Figure 19Disonycha quinqnerutata Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 336,1919 (Bill Williams Fork, Ariz.; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42419).Disonycha Carolina Buisley, Trans. Aiiier. P^nt. Soc, vol. 51, p. 175, 1925.Deset^ption.?Smaller and paler then typical specimens of fumata^with pronotal spots not so closely placed and undersurface paler.Length, 5.7 mm.Type and one paratype in the United States National Museum.Type locality,?Bill Williams Fork, Ariz.Distribution.?Arizona (Bill Williams Fork, Clemenceau, Douglas,Florence, Fort Yuma) ; New Mexico (Albuquerque) ; southwesternUtah; California (El Centro, Meloland).DISONYCHA FUMATA var. LODINGI SchaefferPlate 4, Figure 18Disonycha lodingi Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 837, 1919(Delchamps, Ala.; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42421).indistinctly punctate ; sutural, median, and submarginal dark vittae not so wide as paleintervening vittae, the submarginal and sutural vittae sometimes uniting at apex. Bodyt>eneath finely pubescent, pale, tlie middle of metasternum, area about coxae, and most ofthe tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 7.5 to 7.8 mm ; width, 4 mm.Type male and three paratypes, U.S.N.M. No. 43651.Type locality.?Tcapa, Tabasco, Mexico, cxjllected in March by H. H. Smith.Distribution.?Known only from the type locality.Remarks.?Thia species is labeled D. horni by Jacoby in the Biologia material in theNational Museum, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and in the British Museum, andthese specimens seem to be paratypes of D. horni Jacoby. The typiflcation of Jacoby'sname has been discussed above.D. tcapensis belongs to the alternata group, having a similar uneven pronotum andtraces of elytral costae in the female. It most closely resembles D. pluriUyata var. purn.a Sonoran form. D. tcapensis, on tlie other hand, comes from the lowlands of sout' east-ern Mexico. It is slenderer than pluriliuala, the head is smoother, and the aedengus hasa broadly pointed tip, which is broader than in any of the other species in that grouppossessing an acute tip.^ Brisley, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 51, p. 175, 1925. The specimens on which thisrecord was based, listed by Brisley as " Carolina ", have been examined by the writer andfound to be D. fumata.
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82Desci^lption.?Paler than typical specimens of fv/mata^ the pro-notum with only two spots anteriorly, undersurface pale. Easilydistinguished from D. caroliniana by the dark labrum, and longerantennae. Length, 6 mm.Type and four paratypes in United States National Museum.Type locality.?Delchamps, Ala.Distribution.?Alabama (Delchamps, Baldwin Coimty).
16. DISONYCHA LATIFRONS SchaeflferPlate 4, Figure 20Disonycha latifrons Schajeffee, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 336, 1919(Fort Defiance, Ariz.; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42420).Description,?Broadly oblong oval, smooth, feebly shining; pale,head with labrum always and occiput behind eyes usually dark, pro-notum with 2 roundish spots, often wider than long and usuallysmall and not close together, but in darker specimens all 6 pronotalspots present and the anterior ones sometimes coalescing; elytrawith narrow sutural and submarginal vittae united at apex, medianvitta wider; body beneath sometimes entirely pale (in eastern va-riety), but usually with mesosternum except in middle, metasternum,and abdomen, except the last segments, dark; tibiae and tarsi dark.Head with interocular space considerably more than half width ofhead; interantennal area broad, flat, not produced; frontal tuberclesvery faintly marked, sometimes not at all defined but continuouswith front ; smooth, shining, with a group of punctures on each sideabout fovea ; pale, with labrum always dark and occiput behind eyesusually dark. Antennae short, dark, with paler basal joints, thirdjoint considerably shorter than fourth. Prothorax fully twice aswide as long, convex, with only slight median basal depression;somewhat narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides; surface minutelyalutaceous and finely punctate ; pale with 2 roundish spots anteriorly,not close together, in darker forms 5 spots present, the anterior onessometimes coalescing. Scutellum broadly triangular, dark. Elytrabroadly oblong, convex ; humeri not prominent, with only a trace ofintrahumeral sulcus; surface moderately shining, under high mag-nification finely alutaceous, finely and moderately densely but shal-lowly punctate ; sutural and submarginal vittae narrow and distinctlyunited at apex; median vitta narrow except in dark forms. Bodybeneath finely but not conspicuously pubescent; varying greatly inextent of dark coloring; in eastern forms undersurface often nearlypale, with only darker shading on metasternum, in typical westernform the mesosternum and metasternum, and usually the abdomenexcept last ventral segments, entirely dark. Femora always pale,tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 5.2 to 7.8 mm ; width, 2.9 to 4 mm.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 41Type locality.?Fort Defiance, Ariz, (type female and one para-type in National Museum).Distrihution.?Arizona (Fort Defiance) ; New Mexico (Albuquer-que, Kohler Junction, Torrance County) ; Nevada (Lincoln County,White Pine County) ; Utah (Juab County) ; Colorado (Buttes, Den-ver, Fort Collins, Golden, Pawnee, Pingree Park) ; Wyoming(Medicine Bow, Paint Creek, Yellowstone National Park) ; Montana(Assiniboine, Bozeman, Butte, Crazy Mountains, Dillon, GallatinMountains, Musselshell) ; California (Macdoel) ; South Dakota(Black Hills, Elmore).Remarks.?Typical latifrons from Arizona, as described bySchaeffer, is pale with a dark labrum and a dark occiput behind theeyes, the pronotum has only 2 transverse spots, the elytral vittaeare narrow, and the ventral surface is black except the prosternum,middle of mesosternum, and last 2 ventral segments, which are pale.This color form is common throughout the Rocky Mountains fromArizona to Montana.DISONYCHA LATIFRONS var. ASTERIS Scha?fferPlate 4, Figure 21Disonycha asteris Schaeffee, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 32, p. 141, 1924(Stonewall, Manitoba; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42427).Diaonycha latifrons var. asteris Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol.39, p. 281, 1931.Description.?Of same size and sculpture as typical latifrons^ butdarker in markings, frontal tubercles marked by a dark line (butthis line not any more depressed than in many specimens of typicallatifrons,' prothorax with five large spots, sometimes the two an-terior coalescing; elytral vittae wider than in paler form.Type locality.?Stonewall, Manitoba; collected by J. B. Wallis.Type, U.S.N.M. No. 42427, and three paratypes in National Museum.Distrihution.?British Columbia (Rolla, Swift Current) ; Alberta(Edmonton, Banff, Leduc, Pincher Creek) ; Saskatchewan (MooseJaw) ; Manitoba (Aweme) ; Quebec.Food plant.?Collected on white aster in a swamp (AVallis).DISONYCHA LATIFRONS var. LATICOLLIS SchaefferPlate 4, Fiqukb 22Difionycha liiticollis Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 284, 1931(Vv^yandanch, N.Y. ; type in collection of Cliarles Schaeffer).Disonycha quinquevittata Whitehead, Nova Scotia Ent. Soc Proc, 1918, p. 38.(Not Altica quinquevittata Say.)Slightly larger than typical western specimens of latifrons, andpaler, the pronotum usually with only two well-marked small an-
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82terior spots, and the elytra with narrow vittae. The undersurfacesometimes entirely pale or with only the metasternum dark. Length,7 to 8.2 mm.Type locality.?^Wyandanch, N.Y. (one paratype, U.S.N.M. No,44117).Distrihution.?^Wisconsin (Cranmoor) ; Minnesota (Mora) ; Illi-nois (Chicago) ; Michigan (Lake Douglas) ; New York (Wyan-danch) ; New Jersey; Maine (Casco Bay) ; New Hampshire; Massa-chusetts (Chicopee, Springfield) ; Nova Scotia (Truro).Remarks.?Mr, Schaeffer has sent me a paratype of laticolUs fromWyandanch, N.Y., which he has donated to the National Museum,and two other specimens from Casco Bay, Maine, both of whichbelong to the same species.D. latifrons., like D. anzonae and D. fumata^ has a wide range, andvaries in size and degree of coloration in different localities. TheRocky Mountain specimens usually have a more or less darkenedundersurface. The Canadian specimens have larger pronotal spots,and the eastern specimens are larger and paler. No sharp line canbe drawn between these various races, since their geographic distri-bution is continuous from Arizona to British Columbia in the RockyMountains, and eastward through the provinces of Canada andthrough the Northern States to Nova Scotia, Maine, and New Jer-sey. The aedeagus of specimens from Montana does not differ exceptin size from that of specimens from Massachusetts.Var. asteris was collected by J. B. Wallis on white aster in Alberta.In Nova Scotia W. E. Whitehead ^^ reared the eastern variety,laticolUs, from Solidago squarrosa, and in Massachusetts GeorgeDimmock collected it on S. altissinia. Like D. fimiata, it is evi-dently a feeder on Compositae.Like fumata and caroliniana, latifrons is oval and has a distinctlyconvex prothorax. The western and Canadian varieties are easilydistinguished from fumata by the dark undersurface. The easternpaler variety has been confused in collections with caroliniana. D.oaroliniana nearly always has a pale labrum, while that of latifrovsis always dark. Moreover, latifrons is generally larger and broaderproportionately. The head is unusuiilly smooth and unbroken byswelling of the frontal tubercles or carina. D. fumata has a muchnarrower head with the frontal tubercles and interantennal convexitywell marked. The aedeagus of latifrons somewhat resembles thatof fumata, but has a broader tip, and is quite different from theaedeagus of caroliniana.
=? Whitehead, Nova Scotia Ent. Soc. Proc, 1918, p. 38. I have examined specim*>nafrom which this record was made and found them to be D. laUjrons var. laticolUs.
ABT. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 43
17. DISONYCHA DISCOIDEA (Fabricius)Plate 5, Figure 23Oalleruca disooidea Fabricius, Entoraologia systematica, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 25,1792 (North America; type lost?).Chrysotnela discoidca Fabricus, Systema Eleutheratorum, vol. 1, p. 445, 1801.Haltica discoidca Illiger, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 143, 1807.Disonyha discoidca Melsheimer, Catalogue, p. 122, 1853.
?
Crotch, Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64, 1873.?Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc,vol. 16, p. 20S, 1SS9.Disonycha nigridorsis Sturm, Catalogue; in Gemmiuger and Harold, Cataloguecoleopterorum, p. 3497, 1876 (as synonym). (Amer. bor.)Description.?Large (7 mm), broadly oblong oval, feebly shining;pale with large cliscoidal black spot, somewhat variable in size, butnever attaining margin of elytra; tibiae with a darker outer streak,tarsi black; in variety ahhreviata a dark sutural and a median vittainstead of discoidal spot. Head with interocular space over halfW'idth of head; carina broadly rounded, a little produced; frontaltubercles merely indicated; surface smooth and shining, nearly im-punctate, with a single large fovea on each side near eye; entirelypale. Antennae short, robust, dark, the basal joints and sometimesthe apical ones paler; third joint a little shorter than fourth or fifth,which are subequal. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, some-what convex, without depressions, narrowed slightly anteriorly withfeebly arcuate sides; surface finely alutaceous and finely punctate,entirely pale. Scutellum pale or dark. Elytra broadl}^ oblong oval,somewhat convex; humeri not prominent, with only faint trace ofintrahumeral sulcus ; surface alutaceous, moderately closely and dis-tinctly punctate; discoidal spot variable in size, always more thanhalf the elytra, never covering margin, usually tapering to apex butnot quite reaching it. Body beneath finely pubescent, entirely pale,tibiae with a darker outer edge, tarsi darlc. Length, 6.5 to 7.8 mm
;
width, 3.8 to 4.5 mm.Type locality.?North America.Distribution.?MurylviVid (Plummers Island, Great Falls, MarshallHall); District of Columbia; Virginia (Nelson County); SouthCarolina (Charleston) ; Georgia (Atlanta) ; Kentucky (Louisville) ;Tennessee (Knoxville, Blount County) ; Alabama (Langdale, Cham-bers County, Sheffield) ; Louisiana (Baton Rouge) ; Texas (Dallas,Colorado County) ; Arkansas (Prairie County) ; Kansas (DouglasCounty).Food plant.?Passi-flora lutea Linnaeus (H. S. Barber).Rernarks.?This is the only species of Duonycha in the UnitedStates with a black discoidal spot, evidently formed by the coales-cence of vittae, a common phenomenon in some other genera of Chry-
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82
somelidae, such as Trirhdbda. A closely related species with similardiscoidal marking, D. marginipennis SufFrian, occurs in the WestIndies, and in Mexico are tAvo species, D. subaenea Jacoby and D.sallaei Jacoby, resembling discoidea in color pattern. All three areeasily separable by other characters. D. dorsata Jacoby, also fromMexico and Central America, in its paler form has a discoidal spot,but it is not at all closely related to discoidea, but rather to glabrata.DISONYCHA DISCOIDEA var. ABBREVIATA MelsheimerPlate 5, Figuee 24Disonycha abbreviata Melbuehier Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 3,p. 163, 1847 (Pennsylvania; tyi>e in Melsheimer collection, Mus. Comp.Zool.).?HoBN, Trans. Amer. Ent. See, vol. 16, p. 207, 1889.Disonycha abbrevita (sic) Ckotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25,p. 64, 1873.Disonycha discoidea var. abbreviata Schaeffee, Journ. New York Ent. See,vol. 27, p. 33, 1919.Description.?Of same size, sculpture, and coloring as discoidea.,but with a sutural and a median vitta on each elytron instead of ablack, discoidal spot, these vittae not reaching apex.Type locality.?Pennsylvania.Distrihution.?District of Columbia; Maryland (Cabin John,Plummers Island) ; Virginia (Nelson County, Falls Church) ; Ken-tucky (" near Cincinnati, Ohio ") ; Kansas (Topeka) ; Illinois(Bloomington) ; Indiana (Edwardsville).RcTnarJcs.?Schaeffer, having examined specimens showing an in-tergradation in color, has suggested that abbreviata and discoideamay be color varieties of the same species, and this suspicionapparently is confirmed by examination of the aedeagi, which areindistinguishable. I have not seen any specimens showing an inter-gradation in color.
18. DISONYCHA LEPTOLINEATA BlatchleyPlate 5, Figures 25, 26Disonycha abbreviata var. leptolineata Blatchley, Can. Ent., vol. 40, p. 148,1917 (Dunedin, Fla. ; cotype, U.S.N.M. No. 21514).Description.?Oblong oval, somewhat shining, smooth; pale withdark sutural and median elytral vittae, the sutural one extendingnearly to the apex ; metasternum in dark specimens usually more orless darkened, undersurface in typical leptolineata entirely pale;outside edge of tibiae and tarsi dark. Head with interocular spacemore than half width of head, carina broadly rounded and somewhatproduced, frontal tubercles not prominent; surface smooth, shining,often impunctate or nearly so, with a single large fovea on each sidenear eye ; entirely pale, tip of mandibles sometimes darkened. Anten-
ABT. 28 REVISION OP DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 45
nae short, dark, basal joints paler, third joint a little shorter thanfourth or fifth, which are subequal, the fourth slightly longer.Prothorax not twice as broad as long, somewhat convex, narrowedanteriorly with slightly arcuate sides ; finely alutaceous and minutelypunctate, entirely pale. Scutellum pale or dark. Elytra oblongoval, a little convex, humeri not prominent and only slight trace ofintrahumeral sulcus; surface alutaceous, finely punctate, a suturaland a median vitta on each elytron, the sutural one almost reachingapex, in Florida specimens the vittae very narrow. Body beneathfinely pubescent, sometimes entirely pale, often with metasternumin part or whole darkened; outer edge of tibiae usually dark, andtarsi dark. Length, 6.2 to 7.5 mm ; width, 3.4 to 4.5 mm.Tyye locality.?Near Dunedin, Fla.DistHhution.?Florida (Dunedin, Biscayne, Capron, Fort Myers,Lake Ashby, Lake Worth, Orange County).Food plant.?Unknown.Remarks.?The species belonging to the discoidea group are veryclosely related structurally, although there is considerable variationin size and coloring. D. leytolineata was described by Blatchleyfrom pale specimens from Florida in which the vittae are extremelynarrov/. Schaefi'er described texana from Texas from small, darkspecimens. Both Schaeffer and Blatchley distinguished their speciesfrom ahhreviata by color and finer punctation. Aside from thedifference in degree of dark coloring, texana is not readily separablefrom leptolhuata^ and in this paper is treated as a color variety.DISONYCHA LEPTOLINEATA var. TEXANA SchaefferPlate 5, Figure 27Disonycha texana Schaeffer, Joiirn. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 339, 1919(Brownsville, Tex.; type, U.S.N.M. No. 42422).Description.?Elytra with median and sutural vittae wider thanin typical leptolineata. Aedeagus with lower lip slightly broaderand less acutely narrowed. Length, 6 to 7.5 mm; width, 3.5 to4.5 mm.Type ZocaZi^.?Brownsville, Tex. ; type and one paratype in Na-tional Museum.Distribution.?VivgmiQ^ (Norfolk, Lake Drummond) ; NorthCarohna (Washington); South Carolina (Swansea); Louisiana(Tallulah); Texas (Alice, Beeville, Brownsville, Calvert, CollegeStation, Corpus Christi, CotuUa, Dallas, Denton, Handley, Lex-ington, Mesquite, Mission, Piano, Rosser, Sinton, Wolfe City, Vic-toria) ; Kansas (Douglas County) ; Arizona (Cochise County)
;
Mexico.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82This variety is not confined to Texas but extends southward intoMexico and westward to Arizona. There are also specimens fromVirginia that are larger and with more pronounced punctation,but not so distinct as in discoidea.Several cliaracters seem to indicate that leptolineata is specifi-cally distinct from discoidea: (1) The punctation is never so heavyas in discoidea; (2) the aedeagus has a little more slender tip; and(3) no form of Jeptolineata is yet known in which the elytral vittaecoalesce to form a discoidal spot.
19. DISONYCHA ANTENNATA JacobyPlate 5, Figure 28Disonycha antennata Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 35, 1884 (Mex-ico; type not designated).Disonycha albida Blatchley, Can. Ent., vol. 56, p. 169, 1924 (Big Fine Key,Fla. ; type in collection of W, T. Davis),Descinption.?Broadly oblong oval, smooth, somewhat shining,entirely pale except for dark antennae, dark streak on outside oftibiae, and dark tarsi. Head with interocular space more than halfwidth of head ; carina broadly rounded, slightly produced, tuberclesnot prominent, smooth and shining, usually impunctate or nearly sowith a large fovea on each side near eye; pale, except sometimesa darkened tip to mandibles. Antennae short, robust, dark with palerbasal joints, third point shorter than fourth or fifth, which aresubequal with the fourth slightly longer. Prothorax about twice aswide as long, somewhat convex, narrowed a little anteriorly withslightly arcuate sides; finely alutaceous, very indistinctly punctate,entirely pale. Scutellum pale. Elytra broadly oblong oval, some-what convex, humeri not prominent, with a short intrahumeralsulcus; surface somewhat shining, under high magnification finelyalutaceous, very finely punctate, entirely pale. Body beneathsparsely and inconspicuously pubescent, entirely pale ; tibiae with adark outer streak, or only apex darkened, tarsi dark. Length,6.5 to 7.6 mm; width, 3.6 to 4.2 mm.Type locality.?Type not designated but the following localitiesgiven: Mexico (Ventanas, Cordova, Vera Cruz, Panistlahuaca,Jalapa).Distribution.?Florida (Big Pine Key) ; Mexico.Food plant.?Unknown.Remarks.?Only two specimens of this pale species taken in theUnited States are known to me, one, the type of D. alhida., in thecollection of W. T. Davis, and the other in the National Museum,taken by H. S. Barber, both collected on Big Pine Key. It is aMexican species which may have taken foothold at the tip of Flor-
^RT. 28 REVISIOlSr OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 47ida on Bio- Pine Key, but Nvliich cannot yet be very abundant there.It belongs to the discoidea group, being very closely related struc-turally. The aedeagus is very much like that of discoidea andleptolineata. No other species of Disonycha in the United Statesis so pale as this. D. f^gurata^ another pale Mexican species thathas crept into the United States only in Arizona and Nevada, hastwo dark pronotal spots and indistinct elytral vittae.
20. DISONYCHA ALABAMAE SchaeffcrPlate G, Figure 29Disonycha alaiamae Schaeffbhi, Joiirn. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 27, p. 337, 1919(Citronella, Ala.; type in collection of Charles Schaeffer).DescH-ptlon.?Small (5 mm), oblong oval, feebly shining, pale withdark labrum, tibiae, tarsi, and elytral vittae; the wide median vittaon each elytron considerably nearer to the submarginal vitta than tothe sutural. Head with interocular space more than half width ofhead; tubercles somewhat swollen, carina broadly rounded andslightly produced ; occiput smooth in middle with punctures on eachside and the usual fovea near eye; pale with dark labrum. An-tennae dark with paler basal joints, third, fourth, and fifth jointssubequal, the fourth slightly the longest. Prothorax over twice asbroad as long, somewhat convex, narrowed anteriorly with sidesarcuate; not shining, distinctly alutaceous, with fine, rather densepunctation; entirely pale. Scutellum black, more rounded than inadmirahilis. Elytra oval, not very convex, with humeri not at allprominent; surface alutaceous, finely and shallowly but distinctlypunctate ; sutural and submarginal vittae not united, the median onewide and placed closer to the submarginal vitta than to the sutural,the intervening pale space between it and the submarginal vitta beingvery narrow. Body beneath indistinctly and rather sparsely pubes-cent; entirely pale, the apex of tibiae and tarsi dark. Length, 5mm ; width, 2.5 mm.Type ZocaZzVy.?Citronella, Ala., collected by H. P. Loding.Distribution.?Alabama (Citronella); Texas (Columbus).Food plant.?Unknown.Remarks.?Although I have not dissected a male of this species,I am convinced that it is distinct from both admirahUis and arizoime.,the two species that it resembles most closely. It differs from ad-miraUlis in having antennal joints 3, 4, and 5 subequal (in admira-hUis the third joint is decidedly shorter than the fourth), in havingthe prothorax more distinctly alutaceous and punctate, and in havingthe undersurface sparsely and indistinctly pubescent. It is dis-tinguished from arizonae by its more oval shape, by having longerantennae, and by having the frontal tubercles more pronounced. It
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82differs from both in the more lateral position of the median vitta,which is its most striking characteristic.I have seen only two specimens of this species, one, a male, fromthe collection of H. P. Loding, and the other, a specimen identifiedby Schaeffer in the LeConte collection from Colmnbus, Tex., prob-ably collected bj^ E. A. Schwarz.
21. DISONYCHA ADMIRABILIS BlatchleyPi^TE 6, Figure 30Disonycha adnUrabila Blatchley, Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 32, p. 90,1924 (Kuox County, Ind. ; type in collection of W. S. Blatchley).Description.?Small (about 5 mm), oval, somewhat shining, pale;pronotum usually unspotted, sometimes with two anterior spots,elytra with sutural, median, and submarginal vittae, the sutural andsubmarginal rarely joining at apex; undersurface pale with tibiaeand tarsi darker. Head with interocular space more than half widthof head; carina not acute, broad and slightly produced, tuberclessomewhat swollen, occiput smooth and shining; punctures aboutfovea on each side near eye; pale, with tubercles sometimes andlabrum always dark. Antennae dark with paler basal joints, thirdjoint distinctly shorter than fourth or fifth, which are subequal.Prothorax approximately twice as wide as long, convex, narrowedsomewhat anteriorly with arcuate sides; under high magnificationvery finely alutaceous and indistinctly, sparsely punctate; shining,pale, usually without spots, sometimes with 2 anterior ones, rarely 4.Scutellum dark. Elytra oval, somewhat convex, humeri not promi-nent, with a short intrahumeral sulcus; finely alutaceous, finely andshallowly punctate ; pale, with sutural, median, and submarginal vit-tae, the submarginal and sutural vittae rarely united at apex. Bodybeneath finely and densely pubescent, entirely pale; tibiae and tarsibrownish. Length, 4.8 to 5.8 mm ; width, 2.6 to 3.2 mm.Type locality.?Knox County, Ind.; type, male, collected by W. S.Blatchley, and in his collection.Distrlhufion.?Massachusetts (Chicopee) ; New York (LongIsland, West Point) ; New Jersey (Dundee Lake) ; District of Colum-bia; Maryland (Cabin John, Chesapeake Bay, Plum Point, GlenEcho) ; Virginia (Clarendon, Virginia Beach) ; Louisiana (BatonRouge, Covington, Opelousas, Tallulah) ; Texas (College Station,Columbus, Cypress Mills, Edna, Gainesville, Galveston, Lexington,San Diego, Victoria) ; Kansas (Douglas County).Food plants.?Cassia sp. (J. D. Mitchell) ; wild legume (NormanAllen) ; Polygonum sp. (W. S. Blatchley).Remarks.?This is one of the smallest of the pale vittate species,and is characterized by its oval shape, shining, very indistinctly
ABT. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 49punctate surface, and pale coloring. The pronotal spots are usuallyentirely lacking. It is possibly the species illustrated in Olivier'sEntomologie under caroliniana^ and is therefore confused in somecollections with caroUniana, a somewhat larger species.Mr. Blatchley has kindly sent me the type of this species forexamination. His specimen has preserved the fresh coloring of thelive beetle very well, and the red and silvery colors of the elytraare still apparent, although in the majority of the dried specimensthis coloring has faded to uniform pale yellow or brownish yellow.In his description the head is said to be impunctate, and this is truefor his specimen except for the fovea, which consists of a circle ofcoarse punctures united to form a depression on each side of the headnear the eye. Other specimens, however, frequently have scatteredpunctures on each side of the head, and the frontal tubercles areoften darker brown than the rest of the head.
22. DISONYCHA GLABRATA (Fabricius)Plate 6, Figure 32
?riocx:ris tomcntosa Fabkicitjs, Systema eutomologiae, p. 122, 1775 (not Chry-somela tomentosa Linnaeus, 1758).Vrioceris glabrata Fabkicius, Species insectoruin, vol. 1, p. 156, 1781 (In Africaaequinoctiali).Vhrysotnela glabrata Fabricius, Mantissa insectorum, vol. 1, p. 76, 1787.Altica vittata Olivier, Encyclop4die m^thoclique, vol. 4 (vol. 1, Insects), p. 105.1789.(lalleruca glabrata Fabricius, Entomologia systematica, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 25,1792 ; Syst. Eleuth., vol. 1, p. 494, 1801.Altica glabrata Olivier, Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 685, 1808.Altica alteniata Latreille, in Voy. Humboldt, Zool., vol. 2, p. 39, 1833 (notHaltica alteniata lUiger).Disonycha glabrata Chevrolat, in Dejean Catalogue, p. 414, 1837.?Crotch,Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64, 1873.?Harold, Coleoptero-logische Hefte, vol. 15, p. 4, 1876.?Jacoby, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, pt. 1,p. 311, 1884.
?
Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 207, 1889.Disonycha horticola Chevrolat, in Dejean Catalogue, p. 414, 1837 (Mexico).Disonycha albicoUis Sturm, Catalogue, p. 283, 1843 (Amer. bor.).Descn'ptio7i.?Elongate oblong oval, polished, pale yellow withdarkened occiput, median pronotal spot, this sometimes lacking oroccasionally three pronotal spots, and broad black sutural, median,and marginal elytral vittae ; undersurface pale, sometimes darkenedin middle of metasternum and abdomen. Head with interocularspace about half width of head ; smooth with a few punctures aboutfovea on each side near eye; frontal tubercles well marked, carinanarrowly produced; pale with occiput and sometimes tubercles andlabrum dark. Antennae dark with pale basal joints, third jointmuch shorter than fourth and fifth, which are subequal, the fourUithe longer. Prothorax approximately twice as broad as long, con-
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82
vex, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, with arcuate sides, shining, veryfaintly jDimctate, pule with a median dark diamond-shaped spot,sometimes two smaller lateral spots, or occasionally immaculate.Scutellum black. Elytra convex with the humeri marked by a shortintrahumeral sulcus ; sides parallel ; surface shining, shallowly punc-tate, in some specimens (from Arizona and Texas) punctation veryindistinct; pale with broad sutural, median, and usually marginalvittae (in Arizona specimens the margin is not darkened and thereis only a narrow submarginal vitta) ; sutural and marginal vittaeuniting at apex. Body beneath finely pubescent, variably colored,sometimes entirely pale with only apex of tibiae and tarsi dark,sometimes the metasternum, middle of abdomen, apex of femora,the tibiae, and the tarsi dark; epipleura, except in pale Arizonaspecimens, dark. Length, 5.3 to 6.3 mm; width, 3 to 3.5 mm.Type locality.?" In Africa aequinoctiali " (see discussion later)
.
Distt'ibution.?New York ; Pennsylvania (Allegheny) ; Maryland(Bladensburg, Cabin John, College Park, Plummers Island) ; Dis-trict of Columbia ; Virginia (Falls Church, Fredericksburg, NelsonCounty, Norfolk) ; North Carolina (Southern Pines) ; South Caro-lina (Dalzell) ; Georgia (Thomasville) ; Florida (Dade City, Enter-prise) ; Alabama (Mobile) ; Louisiana (Baton Rouge, Delchamps,Tallulah) ; Kentucky (Wickliffe) ; Tennessee (Elmwood) ; Texas(Brownsville, Columbus, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Gainesville, Green-ville, Handley, Harlingen, Mineola, New Braunfels, Piano, Rosser,Santa Maria, Waco) ; Missouri; Illinois (Alto Paso, Billets Station,Dubois, Elizabethtown, Fountain Bluff, Herod, Metropolis, Prairiedu Rocher, Pulaski, Urbana) ; Indiana (Vermillion County) ; Ohio;Colorado; Arizona (Cochise County, Douglas, Gila Valley, Globe,Graham County, Huachuca Mountains, Nogales, Oracle, Palmerly,Santa Rita Mountains, Tucson) ; New Mexico (Las Vegas) ; WestIndies, Mexico, Central America to South America.Food plants.?"Habitat in Jamaica Myrto Pimenta. Dr.Schwarz " (Fabricius, 1801); Amaranthus retro-flexus Linnaeus(Garman, Chittenden) ; oak, bull thistle (Blatchley).Remarks.?Fabricius (1T75) originally applied the Linnaeanname tomentosa to a species that he described in contradiction toLinnaeus' " elytris subtomentosis " as having the " elytra in rostroglabra, nitida." He gave the locality in this first description as"America." In 1781, repeating his shorter diagnostic description ofthis species, he gave it the name glahrata and quoted the Linnaeandescription of to'rnentosa with a question. The locality this timewas given as " in Africa aequinoctiali " (not, as Harold stated,"America aequinoctiali"). In 1787, Fabricius again published thesame short description of glahrata.^ without mentioning Linnaeus'
ART. 2S REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 51tomentosa and without locality. In 1792 the original long descrip-tion under the name gldbrata was repeated, with the locality thistime given as Jamaica, and in his treatment of glabrata in 1801 Fab-ricius again gave the locality as Jamaica. From the original de-scription (1775) it is plain that Fabricius had before him somethingquite different from Linnaeus' Chrysomela tometitosa, Avhich is prob-ably some species of Galeinicelkir'' The original descrijjtion of gla-hrata applies in every way to the Disonycha to which the nameglabrata is now given.This species is widely distributed. It is found throughout Mexico,Central America, and into South America, and in the West Indies.In the United States it occurs as far north as New York and Illinoisand west to Arizona. The Arizonan and sometimes the Mexicanspecimens are paler. In them there is only a spot on the occiput,the pronotum is sometimes immaculate, the usually distinctive blackmarginal vitta does not cover the margin, the other vittae are oftennarrower, and the undersurface and epipleura are pale. The elytra!punctation of the southern specimens is also not as deep. Otherwise,in its wide range, the species presents little variation. D. glabratais not closely related to any other North American species but isallied to two Mexican and Central American species, D. dorsataJacoby and D. nigrita Jacoby.^*One of the specimens of the Biologia material in the NationalMuseum labeled glabrata is D. arizonae Casey, indicating thatJacoby may have confused that species with glabrata in his treat-ment of Disonycha of Mexico and Central America.
23. DISONYCHA MARITIMA MannerheimPlate 6, Figtjre 31Disonycha maritima Mannekheim, Bull. Soc. Imp. Moscou, vol. IG, p. 311, 1843(California).
?
Crotch, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol, 25, p. 64,1873.?Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 206, 1889.Deseription.?Small (4 to 5 mm), broadly oblong oval, somewhatshining, densely punctate, pale with dark labrum and occipital spotextending down front, and sutural, median, and marginal vittaecovering most of the elytra; undersurface dark except prosternumand last ventral segments. Head with interocular space a little overhalf width of head; frontal carina narrow, slightly produced; oc-ciput and front as far as tubercles usually densely and coarsely punc-tate, sometimes with a smooth median area; pale with black occipitalspot extending down front and a darkened labrum. Antennae dark
^ Blake, Revision of the species of beetles of tlie genus Trirhabda north of Mexico.Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 79, art. 2, p. 13, 1931.
=s Blake, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, vol. 116, p. 7G, 1931.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82
with paler basal joint, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal, thefourth slightly the longest. Prothorax approximately twice as wideas long, somewhat convex, narrowed anteriorly with arcuate sides;alutaceous, densely and moderately coarsely punctate, except some-times a smooth median linear area; entirely pale. Scutellum dark.Elytra broadly oblong oval, convex, humeri not marked and withlittle trace of intrahumeral sulcus, moderately coarsely and denselypunctate and somewhat shining; pale with wide sutural, median, andmarginal vittae, the sutural and marginal vittae uniting at apex.Body beneath sparsely and indistinctly pubescent, shining black ex-cept prosternum and last ventral segment; legs black with a lightstreak on outside of tibiae. Length, 4 to 5 mm ; width, 2.3 to 3.3 mm.Type locality.?California, near shore. Collected by Eschscholtzand Blaschke.Distribution.?California (Birds Landing, Carmel, Colton, Fi-gueroa Park, Los Angeles, San Mateo, San Francisco, Warners,Yosemite National Park) ; Nevada (Ormsby County).Food plant.?Sugar beet {Beta vulgaris var.).Remarks.?D. inaritirna, like glahrata^ has a dark marginal vittaon the elytra, but differs from glahrata in being coarsely and denselypunctate and in having dark legs and a darker ventral surface. Likeglabrata^ it is not closely related to any other North American spe-cies, and appears more closely allied to the species with dark elytrathan to the vittate species.Dr. E. C. Van Dyke ^^ has noted that this insect sometimes hiber-nates in colonies. He collected it in the clefts of rocks along thecrest of San Bruno Hills, on the southern boundary of San Fran-cisco County. I have collected it in July at an altitude of 8,000 feetat Glacier Point, Yosemite National Park.
24. DISONYCHA COLLATA (Fabricins)Platb 7, Figure 41Crioceris collata Fabbicius, Systema Eleutheratorum, vol. 1, p. 463, 1801(Carolina; Bosc collection).Altica collata Oliviek, Entomologie, vol. 6, p. 702, 1808.Disonycha collata Dejean. Catalogue, p. 414, 1837.
?
Horn, Traus. Amer. Ent.Soc, vol. 16, p. 212, 1889 (in part).fDisonycha coUaris Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64,1873.Disonycha melUcollis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 211, 1889 (notAltica mcllicollis Sa.v).Description.?Elliptic oval, with shining metallic green or blueelytra, dark upper half of head, and partially darkened undersur-face; lower front of head, prothorax, femora, and margin of abdomen
?Van Dyle, Ent. News, vol. 30, p. 244, 1919.
ART. 28 EEVISION OF DISONYCHA NOETH OF MEXICO BLAKE 53pale. Head with interociilar space scarcely half width of head;
?interantennal area carinate but not much produced, tubercles indis-tinctly marked, a few coarse punctures scattered about fovea on eachside near eye, often in a row, producing a furrow between the eyeand frontal tubercles, but leaving middle of front and occiputsmooth; antennal sockets and lower front about carina pale, labrumdark, usually the tubercles and always the area about eyes and upperpart of head dark with a metallic luster. Antennae dark brown, thethree basal joints paler, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal, thefourth slightly the longest. Prothorax approximately twice as wideas long, nearly rectangular with sides slightly bowed, somewhat con-vex, without depressions, minutely alntaceous and very indistinctlypunctured, entirely pale. Scutellum black. Elytra shining lustrousgreen or blue, somewhat convex, with humeri only faintly marked,smooth, minutely alutaceous, and finely, not closely punctate. Bodybeneath with fine, pale pubescence, femora and margin of abdomenpale, mesosternum and metasternum and middle of abdomen darkbrown, often with a metallic luster, tibiae and tarsi more or lessdarkened. Length, 4 to 5.5 mm; width, 2.2 to 3 mm.Type locality.?" Carolina." Collected by Bosc.Distrlhution.?Maine (Portland) ; Massachusetts (Lynn) ; RhodeIsland (Providence) ; New York (Fort Hamilton, Long Island) ;New Jersey (Clementon ) ; Pennsylvania (Philadelphia); Maryland(Bladensburg) ; District of Columbia; North Carolina (SouthernPines) ; Florida (Boynton, Capron, Jacksonville, Jupiter, INIiami,Point Garda, St. Lucie, Sand Point, North Smyrna) ; Alabama(Mobile) ; Mississippi (Gulfport) ; Louisiana (Bonfouca, Merryville,New Orleans, Tallulah) ; Texas (Alice, Brownsville, College Station,Corpus Christi, Columbia, Cypress Mills, Corsicana, Dallas, Har-lingen, Kerrville, Kingsville, Mercedes, Pierce, Rosson, WichitaFails, Victoria); Arkansas; Kansas (Douglas County, Onaga,Topeka) ; Missouri (St. Louis) ; Ohio (Columbus) ; Indiana (Tur-key Run) ; Illinois (Anna, Dubois, Centralia, Havana, Prairie duRocher, Pulaski, Quincy, St. Joseph, Urbana) ; Mexico and CentralAmerica.Food plants.?Portulaca., Amm^anthus, spinach, beet, chickweed,lettuce.Remarks.?Although the original Fabrician description of collatais short, the essentual color characters, the bicolored head, the paleprothorax, pale femora and margin to the abdomen, and smooth,shining green elytra sufficiently differentiate it from other closelyallied species. It is found most frequently in collections under thename D. melUcolUs (Say). Horn attempted to distinguish collataand Tnellicollis by size and punctation. Say's description of melli-
54 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82
collis does not fit any species of Dkomjcha known to me either fromNorth America or Central America. It differs from collata in thatthe head is " blue black " with " immaculate face," and the venter isblackish with the last segment dull yellow. It differs from triangu-laris, xaiithomelas, and politula in that the " thighs are honey-yellow."Disonycha collata is somewhat variable in both size and punctation.The Florida and Kansas specimens are usually much smaller andgreen, and with very fine punctation, while the Texas and northernspecimens are larger, bluish in color, and with distinct punctation.There is no difference in the aedeagi, however. The species rangesfrom Portland, Maine, west to Kansas and Missouri, and south intoMexico and Central America.
25. DISONYCHA SEMICARBONATA LeContePlate 6, Figure 33Disonycha semicarJ)onata LeContb, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 11, p. 25,1859 (Santa Fe, N.Mex. ; type in LeConte collection, Mus. Comp. Zool.).Disonycha mellicollis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 210, 1889 (inpart).Description.?Oblong oval, feebly shining, black; front, prothorax,last ventral segment, and femora pale. Head with interocular spaceslightly more than half width of head; frontal carina narrowlyproduced; punctation coarse and rather dense over occiput anddown front to tubercles ; head dark except for frontal tubercles andabout base of antennae and upper portion of carina. Antennae darkwith paler basal joints, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal, thefourth slightly the longest. Prothorax about twice as wide as long,almost rectangular with sides nearly straight, somewhat convex;alutaceous and finely, rather densely punctate, entirely pale.Scutellum dark. Elytra oblong oval, convex, with humeri notmarked and with little trace of intrahumeral sulcus; distinctlyalutaceous, closely and moderately coarsely punctate; entirelyblack and not very shining. Body beneath finely pubescent, dark,the prosternum, last ventral segment, and femora pale. Length, 5mm ; width, 2.8 mm.Type locality.?Santa Fe, N.Mex.; one specimen (female) col-lected by Fendler.Distribution.?New Mexico (Santa Fe, Magdalena Mountains)
;
Colorado (Boulder).Food plant.?Unknown.Remarks.?Although this species has been synonymized withmellicollis (see discussion under collata on p. 53) by Horn, it isquite different, having a bicolored head and distinctly punctatepronotum. It differs from collata in that while the femora are pale
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 55the ventral surface except the last segment is dark. It is also muchmore coarsely punctate than colhita, both on the head, pronotum, andelytra, and, as LeConte remarked, it is broader and less oval thancollata or xantJiomela^. 1). colJata apparently does not occur westof the Great Plains, and specimens of semicarhonata have beenexamined only from Colorado and New Mexico. It differs fromxanthomelas and triangularis in having a bicolorcd head, and frompolitula not only in its coloring but also in its punctation. Theaedeagus is unlike that of any of the dark colored species.This is another species that is rare in collections. I have seenonly the LeConte type, a specimen in the Snow collection from Mag-dalena Mountains, N.Mex., and one in the Casej^ collection fromBoulder, Colo.
26. DISONYCHA XANTHOMELAS (Dalman)I'LATB 7, Figure 38Haltica collaris Illiger, Mag. fiir Insekt., vol. 6, p. 126, 1807 (not Gallerucacollaris Fabricius, 1798).Hnlticn xanthomelas Dalman. Analecta entoinulogica, p. 79, 1823 (New York).Disonycha xanthomelaeua Gemminger and Harold, Catalogus coleopterorum,p. 3497, 1876.?Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 209, 1889.Disonycha merdivora Melsheijier, Catalogue, p. 122, 1858.
?
Gemminger andHarold, Catalogus coleopterorum, p. 3497, 1876 (Pennsylvania) (as synonym)
.
Description.?Elongate oval, feebly shining, the head, elytra,mesosternum and metasternum, and legs, except at base, black, theelytra often with aeneous or bluish luster; the prothorax, abdomenin part, and base of legs pale. Head with interocular space abouthalf width of head; carina narrowly produced; a furrow of punc-tures on each side of head extending from fovea near eye down toantennal socket, leaving occiput and front usually smooth and im-punctate, sometimes a few coarse, scattered punctures across front,head entirely dark and polished. Antennae dark with basal jointssomewhat paler, third joint shorter than fourth or fifth, which aresubequal, the fourth slightly longer. Prothorax approximatelytwice as wide as long, somewhat convex, without depressions, nearlyrectangular with sides slightly arcuate; surface minutely alutaceousand very finely punctate, entirely pale. Scutellum black. Elytrablack, feebly shining, with aeneous or bluish luster ; oblong, convex,humeral prominences not marked; surface distinctly alutaceous,punctation fine, not dense. Body beneath pale with black shiningmesosternum, metasternum, and legs; the trochanters, base of fem-ora, and often posterior angle of metasternum more or less pale;abdomen pale, sometimes brown in middle; pubescence fine butindistinct. Length, 4.5 to 5.8 mm ; width, 2.2 to 3.4 mm.Type locality.?New York.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82Distrihution.?Northwest Territories; Quebec (St. Johns); Sas-katchewan (Oxbow) ; Alberta (Blackfalds) ; Manitoba (Aweme) ;Massachusetts (Cambridge, Fall River, Fitchburg, Framingham,^Nantucket, Sherborn, Springfield) ; Connecticut (Hartford) ; NewYork (Long Island, Potsdam) ; Pennsylvania (Germantown, Harris-burg, Philadelphia) ; Maryland (Plummers Island) ; District ofColumbia; Virginia (Jonesville, Nelson County); Louisiana (NewOrleans) ; Texas (Columbus, Cypress Mills, Dallas, Greenville,Mesquite, Piano, Victoria) ; Kansas (Cherokee, Douglas County,Kansas City, Lawrence, Topeka, Riley County) ; Nebraska (Mal-colm) ; Iowa (Iowa City, Lake Okoboji, Muscatine, Solon) ; Wis-consin (Beaver Dam, Madison) ; Indiana (Franklin, Knox) ; Michi-gan (Detroit) ; Illinois (Algonquin, Bloomington, Centralia,Chicago, Dongola, Grand Tower, Homer, La Grange, Mahomet.Muncie, Oakwood, Peoria, Quincy, Riverside, St. Joseph, Spring-field, Thompson Lake, Urbana) ; Ohio (Columbus).Food 'plants.?Chickweed {StelJai'ia media) , Chenopodium alhum^Amaranthus splnosus, spinach, beet (Chittenden).Remarks.?This species, a well-known garden insect, is dis-tinguished from D. triangularis., found on similar food plants, byits lack of pronotal spots and paler abdomen. Both species havedark heads and legs, but in xanthomelas the base of the femora ispale, and often the posterior femora have a pattern similar to thatof politula.) in which the pale basal half is diagonally marked offfrom the apical dark half. Some specimens from Canada are muchsmaller, but no structural differences are apparent and the aedeagiare like those of the larger ones.DISONYCHA XANTHOMELAS var. CERVICALIS LeConteDisonycha cervicalis LeConte, Smithsonian Contr. Knowl., vol. 11, p. 25, 1859(Kansas and Georgia; type in LeConte collection, Mus. Comp. Zool.).Desorlption.?Head shining, dark brown (not black), a furrow ofpunctures as in typical xanthomelas on each side of front, and a fewscattered j^unctures across front; antennae with third, fourth, andfifth joints subequal, basal joints and last apical one paler. Pro-thorax as in xanthomelas. Elytra oblong oval with humeri notmarked and with only a slight trace of intrahumeral sulcus; sculp-ture and coloring similar to typical xanthomelas. Body beneath en-tirely pale; legs except at base dark, the posterior femora with apaler streak on the inside.Type locality.?Kansas (as here restricted).Distrihution.?Kansas ; Georgia.Remarks.?There is only one specimen of this in the LeConte col-lection, a female bearing a green label, indicating that it is theKansas specimen mentioned by LeConte. The other specimen re-
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 57ferred to l\y LeConte is evidently one in Horn's collection labeled
" Ga.", and is the only other specimen I have examined. I have notdissected any specimen of oervlcalis, but cannot distinguish it fromspecimens of xantJwmelas except by the paler coloring of the under-surface. There is considerable variation in size and coloring of theundersurface in the latter species.DISONYCHA XANTHOMELAS ATRELLA. new varietyPlate 7, Figure 39Descnption.?Small (4 mm), entirely dark except the prothoraxand last 1 or 2 ventral segments. Head shining black, frontal tuber-cles often not at all marked and continuous with the carina; carinanarrowly produced; a furrow of punctures extending from foveaon each side near eye toward antennal socket, sometimes scatteredcoarse punctures across front, head otherwise polished and dark.Prothorax as in typical xanfJwmelas. Elytra oblong oval, shiningblack W'ithout aeneous luster, the punctation usually finer than intypical xanthome]as. Body beneath finely and indistinctly pubes-cent, entirely dark except prosternum and last ventral segment andmargin of penultimate segment, sometimes base of legs slightly paler.Length. 4.2 to 4.8 mm ; width, 2.2 to 2.8 mm.Type male and 4 paratypes (1 female, three male). The type andtwo paratypes in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,Mass., Blanchard collection. Two paratypes (male), U.S.N.M.No. 43652.Type locality.?Tyngsboro, Mass., collected by F. Blanchard.Disfrihvtion.?Massachusetts (Tyngsboro) ; Virginia (Fort Mon-roe, Hubbard and Schwarz collection) ; Alabama (Mount Vernon,H. P. Loding collector).Renuu'l's.?At first glance this small dark variety of xanthomelasappears like a distinct species. The head in some specimens has thefrontal tubercles undivided by any line or depression from the carina,giving it a most unusual appearance. The aedeagus, however, soclosely resembles that of xanthomelas that it is doubtful whether itcan be more than varietally distinct,
27. DISONYCHA TRIANGULARIS (Say)Plate 7, Figure 36Altica triangularis Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, pt. 1, p.84, 1824 (Missouri; type lost).Haltica puncticoUis Kirby, Fauna Boreali Amer., vol. 4, p. 218, 1837 (Canada,
"Lat. 65? ").Disomjcha triangularis Melsheimer, Catalogue, p. 122, 1853.?Crotch, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 25, p. 64, 1873.?Horn, Trans. Amer.Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 209, 1889.
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82Description.?Broadly oblong oval; head, elytra, mesosternum,metasternum, abdomen, and legs black, feebly shining, elytra some-times with bluish, purplish, or aeneous luster; prothorax pale withthree triangularly placed median black spots. Head with inter-ocular space considerably more than half width of head; carinanarrowl}'^ produced; occiput and front except polished tuberclesdistinctly and usually closely punctate ; entirely shining black. An-tennae dark with somewhat paler basal joints, third joint shorterthan fourth or fifth, which are subequal, the fourth slightly longer.Prothorax over twice as wide as long, somewhat convex, narrowedanteriorly with sides nearly straight, distinctly alutaceous, not shin-ing, finely punctate; pale with three small median black spots
?
two roundish ones anteriorly and a more elongate median one. Scu-tellum black. Elytra slightly convex, broadly oblong oval, withhumeri not prominent and with only a trace of intrahumeral sulcus
;
surface alutaceous, closely and distinctly punctate, feebly shiningAvith bluish, purplish, or aeneous luster. Body beneath with meso-sternum, metasternum, abdomen, and legs shining black, indistinctlyand lightly pubescent. Length, 5.2 to 6.5 mm; width, 2.8 to 3.8 mm.Type locality.?^Missouri.Distribution.?Vermont; Massachusetts (Chicopee, Fall Kiver,Framingham, Lynn, Springfield) ; Rhode Island (Watch Hill) ;New York (New Windsor, Staten Island, West Point) ; New Jersey(Boonton, Clifton) ; Maryland (Bladensburg, Glen Echo) ; Districtof Columbia; Virginia (Nelson County); Kentucky; Texas (Ard-more. Cypress Mills, Llano, Texline, Wolfe City) ; Kansas (ClarkCounty, Douglas County, Ellis County, Garden City, Gove County,Horace, Meade Count}^, Riley County, Oakley, Salina, Topeka,Wichita) ; Iowa (Iowa City, Lake Okoboji, Moscow, Muscatine,Silver Lake, Solon) ; Missouri (Greene County, Willard) ; Oklahoma(Payne County) ; Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, Dane County, Madison,Sturgeon Bay, Waupaca) ; Michigan (Ann Arbor, Belding, Niles)
;
North Dakota (University) ; South Dakota (Black Hills, Brook-ings, Elmore, Volga, Watertown) ; Minnesota (Fergus Falls) ; Indi-ana (Knox) ; Illinois (Algonquin, Champaign, Chicago, Elizabeth-town, Forest City, Dubois, Havana, Quincy, Prairie du Rocher, Rock-ford, Thompson Lake, Urbana) ; Washington (Pullman) ; Idaho(Coeur d'Alene) ; Montana (Assiniboine, Bozeman, Gallatin, Hel-ena) ; Colorado (Colorado Springs, Denver, Fort Collins, LoganCounty, Manzanola, Olney, Rocky Ford, Sterling) ; Utah (Ogden,Silver Lake) ; Wyoming (Chugwater) ; New Mexico (TorranceCounty, Beulah, Santa Fe County, Sandia Mountains) ; British Co-lumbia (Aspen Grove, Chilcotin, Merritt, Midday Valley, RoUa)Alberta (Edmonton, Medicine Hat) ; Manitoba (Aweme, St. Nor-bert) ; Saskatchewan (Oxbow, Redvers).
ART. 28 EEVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO?BLAKE 59Food plants.?Beet, spinach, Amaranthus.Remarks.?D. triangularis., a well-known enemy of sugar beetsand the largest of the dark-colored North American species, is read-ily recognizable by the short, broad prothorax with its three blackspots arranged triangularly, the distinctly punctate elytra, and thedark head and undersurface.DISONYCHA TRIANGULARIS MONTANENSIS, new varietyPlate 7, Figxxbe 37Description.?Similar to D. triangularis in color and markings;prothorax not so broad, with more rounded sides, elytra more finelyand sparsely punctate; aedeagus larger and somewhat differentlyshaped. Length, 5 mm; width, 2.5 mm.Type (male).?U.S.N.M. No. 43653.Tyjje locality.?Assiniboine, Mont., collected by H. G. Hubbardand E. A. Schwarz.Remarks.?Described from a single specimen. It is possible thatthis is specifically distinct from D. tAangularis.^ although closelyrelated, since the shape of the prothorax and the sculpture of theelytra are somewhat different, and the aedeagus, while of the generalshape of that of triangularis^ differs in several details.
28. DISONYCHA POLITULA HornPlate 7, Figure 40Disonycha polituJa Horn, Trans. Amer. Eat. Soc, vol. 16, p. 211, 1889 (NewMexico and Arizoua ; type in Horn collection, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadel-phia ) .?Jacoey, Biol. Centr. Amer., vol. 6, suppl., p. 275, 1891.Description.?Slender, oblong oval (4.5 mm), with lustrous andclosely punctate green or blue elytra, the upper half of head alsodark with metallic luster, lower front and prothorax pale, under-surface mostly dark, the abdominal margin, anterior femora, andbasal half of posterior femora pale. Head with interocular spacebarely half width of head, carina slightly produced; a circle ofcoarse punctures on each side about fovea near eye; occiput, front,and usually tubercles dark with metallic luster, carina and lowerpart of head, except dark labrum, pale. Antennae dark brown withthree basal joints paler; third point shorter than fourth or fifth,which are subequal, the fourth longer. Prothorax nearly rectangu-lar, slightly convex, approximately twice as wide as long, sides alittle arcuate ; surface shining, very finely, sparsely and indistinctlypunctate, entirely pale. Scutellum black. Elytra lustrous green orblue, closely but shallowly and sometimes rugosely punctate; some-what convex, sides parallel, humeri well marked, a short intrahu-meral sulcus within. Body beneath lightly and indistinctly pubescent,mesosternum, metasternum, and middle of abdomen dark shin-
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vgL. 82ing brown, often with metallic luster, margins more or less pale;femora of anterior legs and basal half of posterior femora usuallypale, this coloring somewhat variable in extent. Length, 4.3 to 5.2mm ; width, 2.2 to 2.8 mm.Type locality.?New Mexico (as here restricted).Distnhution.?Arizona (Cliiricahua Mountains, Clemenceau,Cochise County, Gila Valley, Globe, Graham County, HuachucaMountains, Patagonia Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains) ; NewMexico (Deming, Las Vegas, Mesilla, Sandia Mountains) ; Kansas(Douglas County) ; Mexico and Guatemala.Food plant.?Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Brisley).ReTiiarks.?This species, described from New Mexico and Arizona,also occurs in Kansas and extends southward through Mexico at leastto Guatemala. It is easily recognized by its bright lustrous elytra,which are more densely punctate than in any other dark-coloredspecies except triangularis. The diagonally separated colors of theposterior femora are striking. This pattern, however, is not peculiarto this species, as many specimens of xanthomelas show a similarmarking. 29. DISONYCHA VARICORNIS HornPlate 6, Figuiie 34Disonycha varicornis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 210, 1889 (Texasand Peninsula of California ; type in Horn collection, Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelpliia).Description.?Robust, oblong oval, with lustrous blue or purple,rarely green elytra, and pale head, prothorax, and undersurface,except for darkened tibiae and tarsi and apex of hind femora.Head with interocular space barely half width of head; interan-tennal area scarcely carinate, not at all produced ; a circle of coarsepunctures about fovea on each side near eye; entirely pale exceptlabrum, which is occasionally brown. Antennae with third, fourth,and fifth joints subequal, the fourth slightly the longest; first 4 andlast 1 or 2 pale, the rest reddish brown. Prothorax approximatelytwice as wide as long, convex, without depressions, sides with ex-planate margin widening anteriorly and slightly notched behindthe apex; surface shining, very indistinctly punctate, entirely pale,sometimes with indefinite pale brown shadings suggestive of spot-ting. Scutellum usually black, occasionally dark reddish brown.Elytra lustrous blue or purple, rarely green, minutely and not denselypunctate; broadly oblong and convex, with humeri well markedand a short intrahumeral sulcus. Body beneath shining, very in-distinctly pubescent, pale, the tibiae and tarsi and apex of posteriorfemora reddish brown. Length, 5 to G,2 mm; width, 3 to 3.3 mm.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 61Type locality.?Texas (as here restricted).DistHhution.?TQx^s, (Beeville, Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Har-lingen, New Braunfels, San Diego, Sliarpsburg) ; California (SanDiego) ; Lower California (Santa Rosa, San Felipe).Food plants.?Opuntia leptocaulis and O. arhorescens (Hunter,Pratt, Mitchell)
.
Remarks.?D. varicornis is unlike any North American Dlsonychain the shape of its prothorax. The broadened apical angle of theexplanate margin and the notching behind the angle on tlie margin,together with the varicolored antennae, are distinguishing charac-ters for this species. It is closely related to D. mexicana, Jacoby,which has a similarly shaped prothorax but has entirely brownantennae with the third antennal joint much shorter than the fourth.The legs of mexicana are paler, and the aedeag-us quite unlike that ofvaricornis. 30. DISONYCHA FUNEREA (Randall)Plai-e 6, Figure 35Haltica funerea Randall, Boston Jouru. Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 47, 1838 (Canton,Mass. ; type lost).Disonycha funerea Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiUulelpliia, vol. 25, p. 64,1873.?Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol. 16, p. 208, 1889.Description.?Elongate oval, entirely lusterless black excej)t thelast 2 or 3 ventral segments, which are more or less pale yellow;antennae short and heavy. Head with the interocuiar space overhalf width of head; interantennal area not carinate, but flat andbroad; tubercles rather indefinitely marked; surface dull black, dis-tinctly alutaceous with a few scattered punctures on each side aboutfovea near eye. Antennae black, not extending much below humeri,third and fourth joints subequal with fourth slightly longer,remainder a little shorter, all nearly as broad as long. Prothoraxscarcely twice as broad as long, convex, somewhat narrowed ante-riorly with sides nearly straight; surface entirely dark, lusterless,distinctly alutaceous, with fine and moderately dense punctation.Scutellum black. Elytra elongate oval without humeral promi-nences, convex ; surface entirely lusterless black, distinctly alutaceous,finely punctate. Body beneath alutaceous, nearly glabrous, darkexcept the last 2 or 3 ventral segments, which are either entirelypale or with pale margins, the last segment being entirely pale;legs black. Length, 6 to 6.8 mm; width, 2.8 to 3.5 mm.Type locality.?Canton, Mass.Distribution.?Massachusetts (Brighton, Sherborn, Wellesley) ;Connecticut (Old Lyme) ; Georgia (Thomas County) ; Alabama(Mobile).
62 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.82Food plant.?Unknown.Remarks.?This is the most curious and probably one of the rarestof North American species of Disonycha. In its dull black coloringand heavy antennae it is suggestive of Oedionychis lugens. So fewspecimens are known to the writer that each is worthy of mention.There are three specimens in the old Harris collection in the BostonSociety of Natural History, taken in Brighton, Mass., in a dry pas-ture under a stone on October 26, 1839. Two specimens are in theLeConte collection at Cambridge, one of which bears the same labelas those in the Harris series, and the other is without label. Thereis one specimen in the Bowditch collection labeled Colorado, whichis doubtless a mistake as it might easily have been confused in somecollection with Oedionychis lugens^ which occurs in that locality,and later wrongly labeled. There are 2 specimens in the Horn col-lection, 1 from Georgia and 1 without label. C. A. Frost possessesa specimen taken by A. P. Morse at Wellesley, Mass., and there isone at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station takenat Old Lyme, Conn. H. P. Loding collected a specimen at Mobile,Ala. In the National Museum are two specimens, one collected byE. J. Smith at Sherborn, Mass., and secured for the Museum byC. A. Frost, and the other, presented to the Museum by W. L.McAtee, was found in the stomach of a quail {Colinus vlrglnianus)collected by H. M. Hanna, February 2, 1927, at Melrose Planta-tion, Thomas County, Ga.
31. DISONYCHA BREVICORNIS SchaefferPlate 8, Figure 42Disonycha brevicornis Schaeffer, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 281,1931 (Colorado; type in collection Charles Schaeffer).Description.?Small (5.8 mm), not depressed, oblong, faintly shin-ing, yellow, head with occipital band, tubercles, and labrum dark,pronotum heavily spotted, elytra with usual median, sutural, andsubmarginal vittae; body beneath dark with base of femora, thetibiae, and the tarsi dark. Head with interocular space more thanhalf width of head ; smooth except for a few coarse punctures onsides near eye; tubercles distinct, interantennal area slightly pro-duced; a broad, dark, occipital band extending to and coveringtubercles; carina in part and labrum dark. Antennae extending toa little below humeri, dark with paler basal joints, fourth longerthan third and fifth, which are subequal. Prothorax scarcely twiceas broad as long, without callosities, sides arcuate, narrowed ante-riorly; surface finely alutaceous and finely punctate; 5 pronotalspots, the 3 median tending to coalesce and the 2 lateral ones large.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 63Scutellum dark. Elytra with dark sutural, median, and submar-ginal vittae, the sutural and submarginal not joined at apex;humeri not prominent, a short intrahumeral sulcus ; median dark vittawith a slight ridging extending from below humerus the length ofthe elytral vitta; surface finely alutaceous and finely punctate.Body beneath finely pubescent; mesosternum, metasternum, andabdomen except last segments dark ; base of femora, the tibiae, andthe tarsi darkened. Length, 5.8 mm; width, 3 mm.Type locality.?Colorado. (One paratype, a male, in collection ofU.S. National Museum.)Remarks.?Mr. Schaeffer has sent me 1 of his 3 specimens of D.hrevicornis for examination and has donated it to the NationalMuseum (U.S.N.M. No. 44114). This species is most distinct andunrelated to an}^ other north of Mexico. It does not belong to thepensylvanica group, although it resembles that group in the darkmarking of the head and undersurface and the suggestion of anelytral costa. The antennae are shorter than in that group, andthe prothorax is longer and more convex, without depressions orcallosities. The aedeagus is quite unlike any that I have seen inany other Disonycha.The specimens bear simply the old label " Col.", and since theirsource also is obscure, material from a more definite locality is neededto corroborate the locality Colorado.
32. DISONYCHA STENOSTICHA SchaefferPlate 8, Figure 43Disonycha stenosticha Schaeffeb, Journ. New York Ent. Soc, vol. 39, p. 285,1931 (Brownsville, Tex.; type in collection Charles Schaeffer).Description.?Large (7 mm) , broadly oblong, not depressed, shin-ing, pale yellow, tip of mandibles, antennae, tarsi, and very narrowsutural, median, and submarginal elytral vittae dark. Head palewith tip of mandibles darkened; shining, smooth, only a few punc-tures on each side about fovea; frontal tubercles not swollen; inter-antennal area slightly produced, rounded; interocular space abouthalf width of head. Antennae extending about to middle of theelytra, dark, with three basal joints paler; fourth joint longer thanthird or fifth, and fifth longer than third. Prothorax about twiceas wide as long, convex, w^ithout callosities; sides slightly arcuate andnarrowed anteriorly; surface smooth, shining and nearly impunctate;faint traces of four brownish spots, but no trace of median line.Elytra broadly oblong, with humeri well marked, a short intra-humeral sulcus within; surface smooth, shining, nearly impunctate;elytral vittae very narrow, the submarginal vitta becoming indistinct
64 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82
at base and apex, and not joining at apex with sutural vitta; thesutural vitta extending about scutelhim. Bod}^ beneath pale, coveredwith fine pale pubescence, tibiae slightly darker at apex and tarsidark. Length, 7 mm; width, 4 mm.Type locality.?Brownsville, Tex., collected January 17, 1923, col-lector's name not given.Remarks.?Mr. Schaeffer has lent me his type specimen, fi female,for examination. Its sides are more parallel than those of thediscoidea group, which it most resembles, and the elytral humeri aremore pronounced, "Although a smaller species, its smooth, brilliantsurface, narrow vittae, and oblong shape suggest Cacoscelis quin-quelineafa Latreille, and it may be a connecting link between thisgroup and the discoidea group. Except for the paler tibiae, it cor-responds with Jacoby's description of D. militarise described fromMexico and Central America, and also with my notes on that species,a cotype of which is in the Bowditch collection in the Museum ofComparative Zoology. Until a restudy of the Jacoby type series canbe made, the present species may stand as distinct.DOUBTFUL SPECIESCistela quinqiievittata Fabeicius, Syst. Ent., p. 118, 1775 (Carolina) ; Spec.Ins., vol. 1, p. 148, 1781 ; Man. Ins., vol. 1, p. 86, 1787.Cistela svittata Faericius, Ent. Syst., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 47, 1792.Disonycha quinquemttata Gemminger and Harold, Catalogue, vol. 12, p. 3496,1876 (as synonym of D. caroliniana)
.
?Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, vol.16, p. 315, 1889 (as synonym of D. caroliniana).
'' Testacea, elytrorum marginibus vittaque media nigris. Habitatin Carolina. Dom. Monson. Corpus testaceum, antennis nigris,serratis. Elj^tra rufescentia, margine omni vittaque in medio uni-uscuiusque elytri nigris. Femora jDOstica valde incrassata, intuscanaliculata " (Fabricius, 1775),Fabricius (1775) first called this Cistela quinquevittata, but in1792 he gave the name as C. svittata (evidently a typographical errorfor 5-mttata) and suggested that it might possibly be a chrysomelid.In 1801 he still further abbreviated it to C. vittata (possibly in-fluenced by Olivier, 1789,^*^ who listed an Altica vittata) ^ and at thesame time doubtfully synonymized it with Galleruca caroUnia7ia.^'^The identitj^ of Cistela quinquevittata with Disonycha carolinianahas never been properly established. Gemminger and Harold appearto be responsible for referring it to synonymy with D. caroliniana.Whether their use of the name quinquevittata invalidates Say's namequinquevittata applied to a different species is an open question.
so Olivier, Encyclopedic mgthodique, vol. 4 (Insects, vol. 1), p. 105, 1789 {A. glahratacited as synonym).
=1 Fabricius, Systema Eleutheratorum, vol. 1, p. 491, 1801.
ART. 28 REVISION OF DISONYCHA NORTH OF MEXICO BLAKE 65Altica meUicollis Say, Descriptions of new species of North American insectsfound in Louisiana by Josepli Bambino, p. 10, 1831 (Louisiana) ; BostonJourn. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 199, 1835 (Missouri). (The original descrip-tion is published in a rare publication, a copy of which is in the BostonSociety of Natural History, and was printed by the " School Press, NewHarmony.")
"J.. 9)ieUicoJUs, Head black; thorax yellowish; elytra blue. Inhab.Louisiana. Head blue-black, with rather large punctures each side,between the antennae convex, dark piceous; antennae black brown,three basal joints honey yellow beneath: palpi black: thorax palehoney yellow, punctures not obvious : scutel impunctured : elytrawith numerous, small, distant punctures, not profound, dark viola-ceous blue : pectus yellowish : postpectus blackish : venter blackish, lastsegment dull yellow : thighs honey yellow ; tibiae black, j^ellowish atbase: tarsi black. Length nearly one fifth of an inch. Related tocoUaris Hlig. and colJata Fabr., particularly the latter, from whichit may be distinguished by its blue elytra, and immaculate face."This species is discussed under D. coUata.Haltica vicina Kirby, Fauna Boreali Amer., vol. 4, p. 217, 1837 (Canada; typelost).
"Pallida, pectore, capite punctis tribus; prothorace quatuor line-olaque, coleoptris vittis quinque, tarsisque, nigris. L. body 31/3lines." K. G. Blair, of the British Museum, writes that the type ofthis species has been lost. From the description it might be eitherD. uniguttata or D. procera.Disonijcha limiicoUis var. pallipcs Crotch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,vol. 25, p. 64, 1873. (Type locality not given; type not in Crotch's collec-tion in England or in this country so far as can be found.)
" Elytra yellow with black vittae.Under surface pubescent.Thorax short, sides broadly reflexed with a marked callus, head black.Legs and under side black. limbicoUis.^Hind femora at least and part of the body red. V. pallipcs:'This variety has been discussed under D. procera and uniguttata.Altica quinqucvittata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 85,1824 (Missouri).
" Yellowi.sh : thorax 4- or 5-spotted ; elytra 5-lined. Inhabits Mis-souri. Body oblong-oval, yellowish, glabrous; antennae black, 3basal joints rufous beneath; thorax with an abbreviated, black linein the middle of the posterior submargin, and a semicircular seriesof 4 equal, equidistant, suborbicular black spots; posterior edge con-cave at the scutel; scutel black; elytra with a common sutural fillet;each elytron with a fillet originating at the humerus and terminating
6g PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 82 : art. 28near the tip, and another marginal, less dilated fillet, confluent withthe sutural vitta at tip; region of the origin of the posterior feetblack ; thighs rufous ; tarsi, and a line on the superior edge of the 2anterior pairs of thighs together with a line on the inferior edgeof the tibiae, black. Length more tlian three tenths of an inch.
" The arrangement of the lines of the elytra are similar to those ofA. caroliniana Fabr. The head is sometimes black at base and thetwo intermediate thoracic spots are confluent. Found in consider-able numbers on common elder {Samhucus) and some other shrubs.On the evening of the IGth of June, I observed great numbers ofthese flying in a southeast direction from near St. Louis, obliquelyacross the Mississippi towards an island, the wind at the same timeblowing moderately from the eastward ; the subsequent evening, aboutthe same hour, they returned by the same route reversed, the winddirectly opposing them ; both of these days were very warm. Duringour progress up the Missouri River, I observed several times similarmigrations of this species."I have been unable to learn of any species of Disonycha that feedson elder. In view of the fact that elder frequently grows in the samelocality with willow and the fact that these insects were exceedinglyabundant, Say may have seen specimens on elder although the willowwas the real food plant. This is indicated in his statement that theyoccurred on " some other shrubs." His description unfortunatelyapplies equally well to three species of Disonycha, all of which occurin the locality given
?
alternata, pluriligata, and functigera. Forfurther discussion, see remarks under those species.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1933
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 82, ART. 28 PL. 1
.3. procera
^.uni^uriata 5. lim biCoUisBEETLES OF THE GENUS DISONYCHA.1, Disonycha pemylvanka (Illiger); 2, D. conjugata (Fabricius); 3, D. procera Casey; 4, D. uniguttata (Say);5, D. limbicotlin (LeConte).
U S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 82. ART. 28 PL. 2
s.pluriliffatco /o. plur-zlz^ata va?^. /our
a
BEETLES OF THE GENUS DiSONYCHA.6, Disonijchn lationttata Hatch; 7, D. schnefferi, new species; 8, D. alternata (lUiger); 9, D. pturitigata (Le-Conte); 10, D. p. var. pura (LeConte).
US NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 82 ART. 28 PL. 3
'3. CLT^^zzonae '^. arizo?7./xe -^ar-. hor^ealis
/5. y'z^pK.T^a.tcc /6. caro/cncanaBeetles of the Genus Disonycha.11, Disonycha pundigera LeConte; 12, D. tenukornis Horn; 13, D. arizonae Casey; 14, D. a. borcalis, newvariety; 15, D. figurala .lacoby; 16, J), caroliniana (Fahricius).
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 82. ART. 28 PL. 4
/r. fumata
/9 fumata 7^a-r quint^uerutato-
^1. latifr-iT^s i^CL7Z aste-r7s
/8. fu7na.ta rtzr. lodznyi
zo. latifrons
zz.latifrons van IcLticoUiiBEETLES OF THE GENUS DlSONYCHA.17. Disonycha fumata (LeConte); 18, D. f. var. lodmi Schaeffer; 19 i>. /. var. fn^-^-l^^^ Scbaefler;20, D. Lfrons Schaefler; 21, D. L var. asterU Schaeffer; 22, Z). /. var. laUcolUs Schaefler.
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2S. discotdeoL
B5. iejatolinecfa (from F/or^c/aJ
24. discoidea van ahirej^data
26.Zeptolzneattt. (^/'rom l/cr^ima)
27. Ze/ytolineata -van^exana 2d. a^tennataBeetles of the Genus Disonycha.23, Disonycha ducoidea CFabriciust; 24, D. d. var. abbreiiala Melsheimer; 25, D. leptotineata Blatchley,Florida specimen; 26, D. leptotineata, Virginia specimen; 27, D. t. var. texana Schaeffer; 28, D. antcnnataJacoby.
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JO. admzraizlis 3/. ?naritz?7ia
32. ^Iahr-at(h 33 sem.zcarhonat(L
3'i-. v^aricorms 3.5. funerea.Beetles of the Genus Disonycha.29, Disonycha alabamae Schaeffer; 30, D. admirabUis Blatcliley; 31, D. inaritivia Mannerheim; 32, B. gta-braia (Fabricius); 33, D. semicarbonata LeConte; 34, D. raricornis Horn; 35, D. funerea (Randall).
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?3/'. tr'ian^u/aris vaTi Tnontanensis
39. xcu^Jthomelas j^ar atrelia.
Beetles of the Genus Disonycha.36, Disonycha triangularis (Say); 37, I). I. montanensis, new variety; 3?, V. xanlhomda^ (Dalinan);39, D. X. atrella, new variety; 40, D. politula Horn; 41, D. cotlata (Fahricius).
us. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS. VOL. 82 ART. 28 PL.
42. brei^icornts
43. stenosticha
44 feabensisBeetles of the Genus disonycha.42, Disonycha breikornis Schaeffer; 4.3, D. steno.tti'-ha Schaeffer; 44, D. teapensis, new species.