—
jn/r 19, 1925 killip: American species of urticaceae 289
to the base, thin, glabrous, paler beneath; inflorescence terminal, cymose-
paniculate, long-pedunculate, the panicles 4-6 cm. broad, broader than long,
many-flowered, open, the branches slender, glabrous, divaricate or ascending
at a wide angle, the bracts and bractlets minute; flowers sessile or short-
pedicellate, in few-flowered cymes; calyx glabrous, 1 mm. long, shallowly 5-
dentate: corolla greenish white, glabrous, 2.5-3 mm. long, the lobes nearly as
long as the tube.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,153,182, collected in moist-
forest near Orosi, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, March 30, 1924, by Paul
. C. Standiev (no. 39803). The following specimens also represent the species:
Costa Rica: Orosi, Standley 39766, 39768, 39861. El Mufieco, south of
Xavarro, Province of Cartago, alt. about 1,400 in., Standley 33444.
P. orosiana is well marked by the practically sessile leaves.
Psychotria siggersiana Standi., sp. nov.
Shrub, 1-1.8 m. high, the stems simple, green, sparsely villous-hirsute or
glabrous; stipules green, about 7 mm. long, rounded-deltoid, usually glabrous,
finally decidous from the persistent sheath; petioles 4.-5-9 cm. long, hirsute or
glabrate; leaf blades elliptic or broadly elliptic, 20-34 cm. long, 11-17 cm.
wide, abruptly short-acuminate at apex or rounded and short-acuminate,
acute at base, somewhat fleshy, copiously villous-hirsute on both surfaces, or
sometimes glabrate above; inflorescence axillary, cymose-paniculate, many-
flowered, ample, sometimes 20 cm. broad, the peduncles shorter than the
cymes, the branches vUlous-hirsute; flowers sessile, usually densely clustered,
the bracts large, green, villous, equaling or exceeding the flowers; calyx about
1 mm . long, sparsely short-villous, the 5 lobes deltoid-ovate; corolla 3 mm.
long, greenish white, salverform, sparsely short-villous outside; fruit sub-
globose, red, 5-6 mm. long, the 2 stones deeply concave on the inner face.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,153,058, collected in wet
forest near Guapiles, Province of Limen, Costa Rica, altitude about 500
meters, March 12-13, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 37210). The following
additional specimens belong to this species:
Costa Rica: Guapiles, Standley 37268, 37047, 37228, 37206. Tuis,
alt. 650 m., Tonduz, 11465.
Related to P. tonduzii, but differing conspicuously in the broad leaves with
copious pubescence. The species is named for Mr. Paul V. Siggers, of the
United Fruit Company, who accompanied me upon two very agreeable and
profitable collecting excursions to the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica.
BOTAXY. New tropical Avierican species of Urticaceae. 1 Ells-
worth P. Killip, U. S. National Museum.
Most of the species described in this paper belong to the genus Pilea
and are based upon material collected in Central America. One new
species of this genus from Mexico and five from South America, as
well as a new Pouzolzia, are included. A species is transferred from
the genus Urera to Pilea.
1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
290 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 15, NO. 13
Pilea tridentata Killip, sp. nov.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, 40 cm. high or more, glabrous throughout;
stem woody below, sulcate; stipules deltoid-ovate, 0.5 mm. long, deciduous;
leaves penninerved with 6 to 8 pairs of nerves, opposite, those of a node con-
spicuously unequal and dissimilar, the larger 5 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide,
oblong-spatulate, 3-toothed at apex (or the upper occasionally subentire),
tapering to a petiole 1 to 1.5 mm. long, the margins subequal at base or the
upper side shorter, the smaller leaves 3 to 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, ovate or
suborbicular, obtuse, sessile, very unequal at the base, the upper side oblique,
the lower side auriculate, the upper surface densely, the under surface sparse-
ly, covered with narrowly fusiform cystoliths 0.4 to 0.5 mm. long; plants
dioecious (or monoecious?) ; staminate cymes 2 or 3-flowered, the peduncles
2.5 mm. long, the pedicels 2 mm. long, the perianth globose, 1.5 mm. in
diameter, the tips of the segments acute, 0.3 mm. long; pistillate cymes 3 or 4-
flowered, the peduncles 1.5 mm. long; pistillate flowers whitish, the middle
perianth-segment elongate, 1.2 mm. long, the lateral segments 0.5 mm. long;
achenes narrowly oblong, 1 mm. long, 0.6 mm. broad, minutely roughened.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 799,669, collected near Coban,
Department of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, 1,500 meters altitude, November
7, 1907, by H. von Tiirekheim (no. 2011). Ttirckheim's 2491, from the same
locality, is also this species.
Pilea tridentata resembles P. pleuroneura Donn. Smith, but in that species
the leaves are crenate to the middle, symmetrical at base, and proportionately
longer.
Pilea argentea Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, glabrous throughout; stems erect, up to 35 cm. (or
more?) high, apparently simple, succullent, copiously covered with linear
cystoliths; stipules broadly triangular-ovate, barely 1 nun. long, soon decidu-
ous; leaves of a pair nearly equal, oblong, up to 8 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, acu-
minate, obtusish at apex, subauriculate and often slightly oblique at base, 3-
nerved at base (nerves pale beneath, the lateral nerves reaching apex of
blade), penniveined along midnerve, sessile or on petioles not more than 1
cm. long, entire at margin, thick, the upper surface green, densely covered
with linear, straight or curved, and punctiform cystoliths, the under surface
silvery-lustrous, with very numerous elongate-linear cystoliths on the nerves
and conspicuous, elevated, curved or straight, linear cystoliths elsewhere;
plants apparently diocecious; staminate inflorescence in axillary panicles near
end of plant, the flowers in subglobose culsters, the perianth about 0.5 mm.
long, pale proximally; pistillate inflorescence in panicles at nodes ofupper
half of plant, the flowers in few-flowered, subcontiguous, small clusters, the
segments orbicular, subequal; achenes suborbicular, about 0.5 mm. long,
narrowly winged, the surface minutely rugulose.
Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in
forest east of Neiva, Department of Huila, in the Cordillera Oriental, Colom-
bia, altitude 1500 to 2000 meters, August 1-8, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and
F. W. Pennell (no. 654). Another specimen (no. 938), collected at the same
tune, also belongs to this species.
Pilea argentea is related to P. parietaria (L.) Blume, a common species of
July 19, 1925 eillip: American species of urticaceae 291
tropical America. It may be distinguished by the sessile, or nearly sessile,
proportionately longer and thicker leaves, and its coarser, more erect habit.
Pilea chiriquina Killip, sp. nov.
Plant glabrous, suffrutescent; stem decumbent and rooting at the base,
the branches erect, 35 to 60 cm. high, simple; stipules deciduous; leaves
triplinerved to apex, crenate-serrate, dark green above, paler beneath, the
cystoliths of upper surface fusiform, minute; leaves of a pair very unequal,
the larger oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 4 to 5 cm. long, 1.2 to 2 cm.
wide, caudate-acuminate, subauriculate at base (lower margin slightly the
longer), the petioles 3 to 4 mm. long, the smaller leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, 1 to 1.3 cm. long, 0.6 to 0.9 cm. wide, acute, unequally sub-
cordate at base (lower margin conspicuously auriculate), the petioles
1 mm. long; flowers dioecious, the pistillate borne in a compact flat-topped
cyme 9 to 11 mm. wide, the peduncle 8 to 10 mm. long, the divisions of the
perianth subequal, 0.9 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, bearing linear cystoliths on
the outer surface.
Type in the U. S. Xational Herbarium, no. 1,010,199, collected in the humid
forest along the upper Caldera River, S miles north of El Boquete, Province
of Chiriqui. Panama, altitude 1,650 meters, February 11, 1918, by E. P.
Killip (no. 3546). Duplicates of this collection are in the herbarium of the
Rochester Academy of Science.
This species is to be distinguished from Pilea pansamalana by the longer
peduncles of the pistillate cymes, by the subauriculate, rather than cuneate,
leaf-bases, and by its erect, not prostrate, habit.
Pilea caudata Killip, sp. nov.
Glabrous throughout; stem erect, simple; stipules deltoid, 0.7 mm. long,
0.8 mm. broad, acute: leaves thickish, triplinerved, dark green above, paler
beneath, bearing densely on the upper surface, sparselv on the lower surface,
punctiform cystoliths, reticulate-veined (nerves and veins impressed and
conspicuous beneath), cuneate at base, those of a pair conspicuously unequal,
the larger lanceolate-elliptic, 10 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, caudate-
acuminate (tips 2 to 3 cm. long), denticulate in upper third, the teeth 3 to
6 on a side, acute, 0.4 mm. long or less, the petiole 1 to 2.5 cm. long, chan-
neled, swollen at base, the smaller leaves narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, 3 cm.
long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide, acuminate, entire or obsoletely serrulate at apex, the
petiole 2 to 3 mm. long; plants dioecious?; staminate flowers in dense, axillary
glomerules, globose, 0.8 mm. in diameter, the tips of the segments 0.2 mm.
long, acute: pistillate flowers not seen.
Type in the U. S. Xational Herbarium, no. 408318, collected at Secoyocte,
near Finca Sepacuite1,, Department of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, April 14,
1902, by O. F. Cook and R. F. Griggs (no. 609).
The texture and venation of the foliage of this species resemble that of
Pilea riparia. There is, however, a much greater diversity between the size
of the leaves of a pair than in the case of P. riparia. The larger leaves, more-
over, are much longer, the tips are shallowly, but distinctly and sharply
denticulate, the margin is not thickened, and the cystoliths are uniformly
punctiform, not linear at the margin of the blade.
292 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 15, NO. 13
Pilea donnell-smithiana Killip, sp. nov.
Erect herb, about 1 meter high, glabrous throughout; stem simple or
few-branched near base; stipules minute, triangular-ovate, soon deciduous;
leaves ovate or elliptic, crenate-serrate nearly to base, 3-nerved or subtrip-
linerved (nerves extending to apex of blade), rounded or subauriculate and
often oblique at base, faintly marked with minute linear cystoliths on both
surfaces; leaves of a pair conspicuously unequal, the larger 10 to 20 cm. long,
4 to 7 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, their petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, the
smaller leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, acute, their petioles 0.3
to 0.5 cm. long; plants dioecious; staminate flowers borne in subglobose, dis-
tinct, usually pedicellate clusters in small axillary panicles 2 cm. long, or less,
the perianth segments 0.5 mm. long; pistillate flowers in few-flowered sub-
globose heads about 5 mm. wide, the peduncles 2 to 3 mm. long, the middle
perianth segment twice as long as the outer segments; achenes ovate, about
2.5 mm. long (large for the genus), strongly flattened.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 799,603 (staminate), collected
at La Palma, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1460 meters, Sep-
tember, 1898, by A. Tonduz (Herb. Inst. Phys.-geogr. Costa Rica no. 12,655;
J. D. Smith no. 7467, distributed as P. costaricensis).
Additional specimens examined:
Costa Rica: La Hondura, Prov. San Jose, 1300-1700 meters, Standleii
37841, 37866, 37899.
Panama: Along Holcomb's trail, about 10 miles above El Boquete,
Prov. Chiriqui, 1700 meters, Killip 3562.
The description of the pistillate inflorescence is based on Standle3r 's
37841 (U. S. N. H. 1,229,574).
From P. costaricensis Donn. Sm. this new species differs in both staminate
and pistillate inflorescence. The staminate flowers are in small distinct
glomerules on short few-branched panicles ; in P. costaricensis they are in very
dense, nearly sessile cymes. The pistillate flowers are in globose, few-flowered
heads, while in P. costaricensis they are in compact sessile cymes. The achenes
of P. donnell-smithiana are fully twice as large as those of its near relative.
It is quite fitting that a species of Pilea should be named for Captain J.
Donnell Smith, who has been one of the few botanists in the last half-century
to study critically this interesting genus.
Pilea cornmanae Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, erect, up to 60 cm. high, the stem branched, r} ellowish
green, densely covered with elevated linear cystoliths, glabrous; stipules
orbicular or ovate, about 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, obtuse, persistent, yellow-
ish green, mottled with red; leaves coarsely serrate (teeth 2 to 3 mm. long,
acutish), dark green above, paler beneath, densely covered on both surfaces
with linear cystoliths about 0.3 mm. long, occasionally sparsely strigillose
above with hyaline hairs; leaves of a pair unequal, the larger ovate-lanceolate,
3 to 7 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, acute and often oblique
at base, the petioles 1.5 to 4 cm. long, the smaller leaves broadly ovate or
suborbicular, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, acute at apex, subrotund
and oblique at base, the petioles 4 to 5 mm. long; plants monoecious (or
dioecious), the heads unisexual, the staminate and pistillate often borne at
the same axil; staminate flowers densely clustered in globose heads 9 to 10
mm. in diameter, the peduncle slender, 1 to 3 cm. long, the perianth globose
jcly 19, 1925 killip: American species of urticaceae 293
or subturbinate, 2 mm . wide, the segments long-caudate, erect; pistillate
flowers loosely clustered in subglobose heads 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, borne on
peduncles 5 to 7 mm. long, the perianth segments subequal; achenes broadly
ovate or suborbiclar, about 1 mm. long.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,010,196, collected in dense
forest along the Rio Caldera, 7 miles north of El Boquete, Province of Chiri-
qui, Panama, altitude 1650 meters, February 11, 1918, by Mrs. L. R. Corn-
man (Killip 3543). A duplicate of the type is in the herbarium of the Roches-
ter Academy of Science.
Additional specimens examined:
Costa Rica: La Hondura, Prov. San Jose, 1300-1700 meters, Standley
37779, 37S22.
Because of the striking differences in size and shape of the leaves at each
node this species should probably be placed in Weddell's section Heterophijllae.
In general appearance, in the texture of the stem and leaves, in the large
persistent stipules, the cystoliths, and the peculiar hyaline hairs on the upper
leaf-surfaces, it bears a close resemblance to P. auriculata Liebm., a species
of the group Pubescentes Longipedunculatae. The elongate segments of the
staminate flowers and the differently shaped leaves clearly distinguish it,
however, from P. auriculata.
Pilea rusbyi (Britton) Killip, comb. nov.
Urera rusbiji Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 310. 1901.
Pistillate plants of this specis in the Buchtien Herbarium, recently
acquired by the National Museum, show that it is of the genus Pilea rather
than Urera, and is related to P. anomala Wedd. Because of this additional
material it seems advisable to amplify the earlier description.
Stipules ovate, 1 to 2 mm. long, acutish, connate; petioles up to 6 cm. long;
leaves abruptly acuminate (acumen up to 1.5 cm. long), often oblique at
base, 3-nerved or subtriplinerved, above bearing numerous punctiform
cystoliths, nearly destitute of cystoliths beneath but punctate with incon-
spicuous dark dots: plants dioceious; panicles much branched, wide-spreading,
20 (or up to 30?) cm. wide; staminate inflorescences on peduncles up to 4 cm.
long, the perianth segments ovate, 1 mm. long; pistillate inflorescences on
peduncles up to 7 cm. long, longer than the accompanying petiole, the perianth
segments ovate, subequal or the lateral two-thirds as long as the middle
segment, the achenes ovoid, 1 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, acutish.
Specimens examined:
Bolivia: Yungas, 1800 meters, Rusby 1774 (type collection of Urera
rusbyi). Polo-Polo, near Coroico, North Yungas, 1100 meters
;
Buchtien 3754.
Pilea pauciserrata Killip, sp. nov.
Low slender herb, glabrous throughout, the stem repent, at length erect,
about 15 cm. high, the internodes 1 to 2 cm. long; stipules ovate, 1 mm. long,
obtuse; leaves narrowly obovate, 6 to 20 mm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, cuneate-
attenuate at base, coarsely serrate above middle (serrations 4 or 5 on each
side, triangular, up to 1.5 mm. long, acute, the upper margin of each serra-
tion at right-angles to the midrib), entire at base, penninerved (lateral nerves
faint), membranous, sessile or short-petioled (petioles up to 2 mm. long),
bearing on upper surface, especially near margin, a few small, fusiform or
294 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 15, NO. 13
linear cystoliths, on under surface a few punctiform cystoliths; plants ap-
parently dioecious; staminate flowers 3 mm. wide, purple above, pale at
base, sessile or short-pediceled in few-flowered pedunculate heads (peduncles
slender, up to 1.5 cm. long), the perianth segments ovate, 1 mm. long, mucro-
nulate, bearing linear cystoliths on outside.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,157,852, collected at Unduavi,
North Yungas, Bolivia, altitude 3400 meters, November, 1910, by 0. Buch-
tien (no. 2811).
This species resembles P. semdata (Sw.) Wedd., having leaves of much
the same shape. The leaves, however, are of thinner texture, and the cystoli-
thic marking is wholly dissimilar. Pilea pauciserrata is distincly herbaceous,
having none of the shrubby habit of its relative.
Pilea gracilipes Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, glabrous throughout; stem repent, the branches erect,
simple, 8 to 40 cm. high: stipules minute, triangular-ovate, 1.2 to 1.5 mm. long,
acute, deciduous; leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 1 to 8 cm. long, 0.7 to
2.5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, rounded or acutish at base, crenate-serrate
(teeth 0.5 to 1 mm. long, acute or often mucronulate), 3-nerved (nerves
extending to upper third of blade), bright green above, paler and often
glaucescent beneath, both surfaces bearing numerous faint linear cystoliths;
leaves of a pair similar in form, subequal in size or one three-quarters as long
as the other, the petioles of the smaller up to 1.5 cm. long, those of the larger
about twice as long; plants monoecious or dioecious, the staminate and
pistillate inflorescences often arising at the same axil; staminate flowers in
globose, 12 to 20-flowered heads 5 to 7 mm. wide, the peduncles filiform, 2
to 3.5 cm. long, the perianth marked with linear cystoliths on outside, proxi-
mallv yellowish, distally dark green, the tips of the segments barely 0.1 mm.;
pistillate flowers in loose glomerules in interrupted spikes or racemose-
paniculate, the peduncles filiform or linear, 2 to 5 cm. long, usually much
exceeding the petioles, the middle perianth segment linear-oblong, 1 mm. long,
cucullate, the lateral segments suborbicular, about half as long; achenes
lance-ovate, 1 to 1.2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, acute.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 675,809, collected on a wet
brushy slope in the humid forest at Los Siguas Camp, southern slope of Cerro
de Horqueta, Province of Chiriqui, Panama, altitude about 1700 meters,
March, 1911, by. W. R. Maxon (no. 5426).
The following specimens, all from Costa Rica, at altitudes varying from
1200 to 2500 meters, have also been examined:
Copey, Tonduz 11805, 11925. Tablazo, Tonduz 7927; Coliblanco, Maxon
309. Santa Clara de Cartago, Maxon 8165. La Estrella, Prov. Cartago,
Cooper 384 (J. D. Smith 5950); Standley 39091, 39099, 39234, 39454. Cerro
de la Carpintera, Prov. Cartago, Standley 34493, 35524. Volcan de Poas,
Standley 34630; Tonduz 10790. Las Nubes, Prov. San Jose, Standley 38540,
38541, 38824.
Much of the material here cited was distributed as P. auriculata, a species
with smaller rotund-rhombic leaves, pilose with hyaline hairs on the upper
surface, large persistent stipules, and the middle segments of the pistillate
flowers auriculate. Pilea gracilipes more closely resembles P. dauciodora,
but is at once distinguished by larger, differently-shaped leaves and long-
pechmcled staminate flower-clusters.
jn.T 19. 1925 kellip: amebican species of urticaceae 295
Pilea angustifolia Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, glabrous throughout: stem repent at base, erect, simple
or few-branched. 40 to 45 cm. high; stipules deltoid. 0.S mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, deciduous: petioles enlarged at base, those of a pair usually unequal,
the longer 4 to S mm. long, the shorter 2 to 3.5 mm. long; leaves narrowlv
lanceolate. 4 to 10 cm. long. 0.S to 1.2 cm. wide, those of a pair similar in
shape, subequal in size (or the one four-fifths as long as the other), tripli-
nerved (nerves extending to upper third of blade), acuminate at apex, nar-
rowed to a cuneate or subcordate base, serrulate (teeth acute, often mucro-
nulate. 1 mm. long), bearing on both surfaces minute linear cystoliths;
plants monoecious: staminate flowers densely congested in globose heads 0.6
to 1 cm. in diameter, the peduncles very slender, filiform, 3 to 4 cm. long, the
pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm. long, the perianth segments with tips about 0.4 mm. long:
pistillate flowers congested in sessile cymes 3 to 5 mm. wide, the middle seg-
ment linear-oblong, about 1 mm. long, the lateral segments ovate, 0.6 mm.
long; achenes oblong, 1 mm. long. 0.7 mm. wide, acute, smooth.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 473,969, collected at Juan
Vifias. Reventazon Vallev. Costa Rica, altitude 1000 meters, April 21. 1903,
by 0. F. Cook and C. B.Dovle (no. 181).
Related to P.gracilipes, this differs in its proportionately narrower leaves,
nearly sessile pistillate cymes, and in the unusually slender peduncles of the
large staminate heads.
Pilea chiapensis Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, 30 cm. high or more, glabrous throughout; stem angu-
late. grooved, slightly flexuous; stipules early deciduous: leaves of a pah very
unequal and dissimilar, the larger oblanceolate or oblong (upper often falcate),
7 to 11 cm. long. 2 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex (acumen up to 2 cm.
long), narrowed to an oblique base, remotely and irregularly serrulate along
upper fourth of margin (teeth obtuse or acutish, somewhat callous-thickened),
otherwise entire, 3-nerved to apex of blade, the petioles 3 to 5 mm. long, the
smaller leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, 0.5 to 1 cm. wide,
acuminate or acute at apex, narrowed at base, subsessile or with petioles up
to 2 mm. long, 3-nerved to apex, entire or crenate-serrulate at apex, both
kinds of leaves faintly marked with linear and punctiform cystoliths on upper
surface, destitute of cystoliths but sparsely black-punctate on under surface;
staminate cymes subsessile, densely flowered, 5 to 7 mm. wide, the flowers
on pedicels about 2.5 mm. long, the perianth globose, 2 mm. wide, the teeth
minute, barely 0.3 mm. long; pistillate cymes subsessile, 5 mm. long, the
flowers sessile, the segments unequal; achenes ovate, 0.5 mm. long.
Type in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia,
collected at the junction of the Teapa and Amatan rivers, Chiapas, Mexico,
August 6, 1890, by J. X. Rivirosa (no. 938).
This species should be placed among the Heterophyllae, though it is quite
unlike any other species of that section. In many respects it resembles P-
mexicana Liebm., of the section Glabratae Brevipedunculatae, which, however,
has the opposite leaves equal.
Pilea pallida Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, glabrous throughout, or the nerves of the very young
leaves pubescent beneath; stem simple, 30 cm. high or more, stipules lanceo-
late, 3 mm. long 1.5 mm. wide, acute, densely striate without with linear
296 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 15, NO. 13
cystoliths; petioles 1.5 to 4 cm. long, those of a pair subequal;
petioles 1.5 to 4 cm. long, those of a pair subequal; leaves elliptic-lanceolate,
8 to 12 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate (tip up to 2.5 cm. long),
tapering to petiole, triplinerved to base of tip, serrate (teeth obtuse, often
mucronulate, 2 to 4 mm. long), densely covered with fusiform and punctiform
cystoliths, dark green above, paler, slightly silvery-lustrous beneath; plants
dioecious; staminate flowers densely congested in sessile subglobose clusters
3 to 4 mm. wide, the perianth globose, the tips about 0.4 mm. long; pistillate
flowers in much-branched flat-topped cymes, shorter than the petioles, about
1 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide, in the axils of the upper leaves, the branches of the
inflorescence and the outside of the perianth densely striate with linear cys
toliths, the middle perianth segment linear, 1 mm. long, obtuse, the lateral
segments ovate, 0.2 mm. long, acute, scariose at margin; achenes ovoid, about
1 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, acute, wing-margined, the surface black, minutely
papillose.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,036,444, collected at Sibubi
Falls, Sixaola Valley, Panama, June 6, 1918, bv W. W. and H. E. Rowlee
(no. 376).
This species differs from P. quichensis Donn. Sm., to which it is clearly
allied, in the shape, texture, and particularly the cystolithic marking of the
leaves.
Pilea lippioides Killip, sp. nov.
Plant apparently suffrutescent, glabrous throughout, the stem branched,
marked, especially at nodes, with linear cystoliths; stipules oblong-lanceolate,
about 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, bearing elongate linear cystoliths, at length
deciduous; petioles filiform, those of a pair unequal, the longer 3 to 4 cm. long,
the opposite ones about half as long; leaves of a node essentially equal and
similar, ovate-elliptic, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate at
apex (acumen about 5 mm. long), tapering to petiole, coarsely crenate-
serrate to base (teeth subimbricate, mucronulate), penninerved (lateral
nerves 5 to 10 pairs, impressed above, conspicuous beneath), the upper surface
dark green, with numerous short linear cystoliths, the under surface paler,
with linear cystoliths on the nerves and veins and punctiform cystoliths else-
where; plants monoecious; staminate flowers in dense globose heads borne
singly in the axils of the upper leaves on slender peduncles 1.5 to 2 cm. long,
each head subtended by an involucre of 8 bracts, the outer 4 orbicular, about
(J mm. in diameter, the inner 4 oblong, about 4 nun. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
obtuse, the bracts of the same texture and cystolithic marking as the stipules,
and completely enveloping the flowers before anthesis; staminate perianth
segments 3, about 4 mm. long, with long linear tips; pistillate flowers in small,
loosely about 10-flowered, subglobose clusters on peduncles 5 to 10 mm. long
in the axils of the lower leaves, the perianth segments subequal, triangular-
ovate, about 0.8 mm. long; achenes suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long, smooth.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 531,410, collected near Rio
Flautas, Rio Paez Valley, Tierra Adentro, Department of Huila, in the
Cordillera Central, Colombia, altitude 2900 meters, January 26, 1906, by
H. Pittier (no. 1216).
This species is remarkable for the conspicuous involucre subtending the
staminate inflorescence, the general aspect of the plant strongly suggesting
Lippia. In Weddell's monograph2 of the family it would come nearest P.
2 DC. Prodr. 16': lt4.
jult 19, 1925 killip: American species of urticaceae 297
serratifolia Wedd., an Ecuadorean species which, from description, also has
a conspicuous involucre but which differs in venation and cystolithic marking
of the leaves as well as in the shape of the stammate perianth segments.
Pilea buchtienii Killip, sp. nov.
Succulent herb, glabrous throughout, the stem at first repent, at length
erect, about 20 cm. high, the internodes 3 to 6 cm. long; stipules ovate, 2
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obtuse, soon deciduous; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long,
succulent, canaliculate; leaves of a node similar and equal, ovate-elliptic, 8
to 12 em. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, acuminate (acumen up to 1.2 cm. long),
tapering at base to petiole, doubly crenate-serrate, entire at base, tripli-
nerved (nerves reaching to base of acumen), reticulate-veined (nerves and
veins conspicuous beneath), the upper surface dark green, bearing numerous
punctiform and minute fusiform cystoliths, the under surface destitute of
cystoliths, punctate with numerous spots scattered among the nerves; plants
monoecious, the staminate and pistillate flowers borne in glomerules in
separate few-branched panicles often at the same node, the peduncles of
both inflorescences subequal, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, slightly shorter than the
subtending petioles; perianth segments of staminate flowers oblong, 1.2
mm. long, obtuse, the stamens slightly longer; perianth segments of pistillate
flowers ovate, subequal, about 0.5 mm. long, concave; achenes conical, 1.5
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, stronglv flattened.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,156,963, collected at An-
tahuacana, Espiritu Santo, Bolivia, altitude 750 meters, June, 1909, by 0.
Buchtien (no. 4526).
Nearest to P. marginata Wedd., this species is distinguished by its propor-
tionately wider leaves with margins doubly serrate, and by the longer pedun-
cles. Pilea marginata is said to be dioecious, while P. buchtienii is monoeci-
ous. The foliage of this species, especially in the venation, resembles that
of P. rusbyi (Britton) Killip, though the leaves are thicker and the margin
differently cut. Pilea rusbyi, however, is dioecious, and the peduncles are
much longer.
Pilea hitchcockii Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, the stem repent below, erect, about 30 cm. high, slender,
ferruginous-strigillose, especially above, leafy near summit, the internodes at
middle and toward base 3 to 4 cm. long; stipules ovate-orbicular, 4 to 7 mm.
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, rounded or subtruncate at apex, sparingly pubescent,
persistent; petioles up to 4 mm. long, strigillose; leaves of a node similar but
often slightly unequal, narrowly elliptic, 2 to 7 cm. long, 0.7 to 1.5 cm. wide,
acute or acuminate at apex, acute or rarely slightly rounded at base, coarsely
crenate-serrate or often sinuate-serrate (teeth obtuse or acutish), penni-
nerved (lateral nerves 12 to 15 on each side), the upper surface dark green
and glabrous, faintly marked with numerous fine linear cystoliths, the under
surface much paler, densely strigillose on the nerves, otherwise glabrous,
densely covered with minute punctiform cystoliths; plants monoecious; the
cymes unisexual (staminate at lower nodes, pistillate at upper), dichotomous,
up to 4 cm. long (including peduncle,),the flowers sessile or subsessile; perianth
segments of staminate flowers ovate, 1.5 mm. long, acute, glabrous; perianth
segments of pistillate flowers ovate-lanceolate, 0.5 mm. long, acute, the apex
often reflexed ; achenes broadly ovoid, 1 to 1.2 mm. long, the margin thickened.
.
298 JOURNAL OF THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES VOL. 15, NO. 13
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,195,706, collected on a tree
stump, in the valley of the Pastaza River, between Banos and Cashurco, 8
hours east of Banos, Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, altitude 1300 to 1800
meters, September 25, 1923, by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 21825).
This species, having much the general appearance of narrow-leaved forms
of Euphorbia heterophylla, belongs with the long-peduncled, pubescent species
of the section Dentatae, though it is apparently the only species with penni-
nervation. The venation is similar to that of P. fallax Wedd., a species with
dimorphic leaves, and of P. abetiaefolia Killip, a very distinct Colombian
plant
Pilea pittieri Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, decumbent or erect, up to 40 cm. high, the stem simple or
few-branched, glabrescent below, sparingly pubescent above, densely marked
throughout with linear cystoliths: stipules linear-oblong, 5 to 6 mm. long, 2
mm. wide, obtuse, deciduous; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long, those of a pair subequal
(or one 2 or 3 times as long as the other), pubescent; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 7 cm. wide (those of a pair similar but
slightly unequal), long-acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, 3
(or occasionally 5)-nerved (inner lateral nerves three-fourths length of blade),
reticulate, serrate or serrate-crenate nearly to base (teeth obtuse or acute,
minutely undulate-crenulate), the upper surface dark green, glabrous, bearing
numerous minute linear cystoliths, especially along the nerves, the under
surface paler, densely pubescent on nerves and veins, punctate on veins,
bearing less numerous similar cystoliths; plant monoecious (or occasionally
dioecious?); staminate cymes solitary in the axils of the lower leaves or at
the leafless nodes of the rooting portion of the stem, subsessile (or on pedun-
cles up to 3 cm. long), pubescent, densely flowered, the perianth segments
linear-spatulate, 2 to 3 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide, striate on outside with
linear cystoliths; pistillate spikes solitary in the axils of the upper leaves,
4 to 5 cm. long, the peduncles slender, glabrous, 2 to 4-forked, the flowers
borne in subglobose clusters 3 to 4 mm. wide, the middle perianth segment
0.6 to 0.8 mm. long, cucullate, twice as long as the lateral segments; achenes
ovate, 1 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, acute, flattened, unicostate at centerof
both faces.
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 1,080,422, collected along the
Rio de la Paz, Sarapiqui Valley, Costa Rica, altitude 1300 meters, May 5,
1901, by H. Pittier (Herb. Inst.' Phys.-geogr. Costa Rica 14149).
Additional specimens examined:
Costa Rica: (Province Cartago) La Estrella, Standley 39204. Orosi,
Standby 39730, 39760, 39811, 39862. El Muneco, Standley 33943.
(Province San Jose) La Hondura, Standley 37713.
This species is related to P. acuminata Liebm., a dioecious plant with
staminate and pistillate inflorescences similar and having much larger leaves,
and to P. pubescens Liebm., a species with androgynous spikes and with the
upper leaf-surface strigillose.
Pilea standleyi Killip, sp. nov.
Plant herbaceous, the stem decumbent, at length ascending to about 20
cm., slender, pellucid, green, glabrescent below, pubescent above, particularly
at the nodes; stipules suborbicular, 3 to 4 mm. long, rounded, persistent;
petioles up to 3 cm. long, densely pubescent, those of a pair subequal; leaves
Jtxr 19, 1925 kjllip: American species of urticaceae 299
ovate-elliptic. 2 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acute at apex, rounded or
acutish at base, crenate-serrate nearly to base, 3-nerved (lateral nerves ex-
tending to upper fourth of blade), dark green and glabrous above, paler
beneath, densely pubescent on the nerves, bearing numerous linear cystoliths
on both surfaces; plants dioecious; peduncles of pistillate inflorescence up
to 5 cm. long, in the axils of the upper leaves, slender, glabrous, dichotomous,
the flowers borne in contiguous clusters at the ends of the branches, the
perianth segments unequal, the middle segment about 0.7 mm. long, the
lateral segments less than one-half as long, hyaline; achenes suborbicular,
about 0.S mm . long, narrowly wing-margined, not eostate on faces.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,585, collected at Las
Xubes. Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1500 to 1900 meters,
March 20-22, 1924, by Paul C.' Standley (no. 38697).
The principal character by which this species may be distinguished from
P. pittieri, which it resembles in general appearance, is in the smaller, con-
spicuously wing-margined, ecostate achenes.
Pouzolzia phenacoides Killip, sp. nov.
Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high, branched, the branches hirsutulous above,
glabrate below; stipules lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. long, acuminate, pilosulous on
midrib without, soon deciduous; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm.
long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, rounded at base, petiolate (petioles
up to 1.5 cm. long, slender), coarsely dentate-serrate except in lower quarter,
3-nerved at base, sparsely strigillose above with stiff white hairs, appressed-
pilosulous on the nerves beneath; plants monoecious, the flower clusters
androgynous or unisexual; staminate flowers in small, axillary, 1 too-flowered
clusters, short-pedicellate, the perianth 4-lobed, about 1.5 cm. long, pubescent
without, slightly exceeded by the stamens; pistillate flowers 1 to 5, short-
pedicellate or subsessile, at base of staminate inflorescence, the perianth
tubular, about 2 mm. long, contracted at the short 4-toothed beak, about 12-
nerved. finely puberulous without: achenes ovoid, about 2 mm. long, dark
brown, shining.
Type in the U. S. Xational Herbarium, no. 1,229,521, collected on the
Cerro de Piedra Blanca, above Escasu, Province of San Jose, Costa Puca,
January 31. 1924, by P. C. Standley (no. 32484). Standley's 34679, from
La Ventolera, on the southern slope of the Volcan de Poas, altitude 1700
meters, is also this species.
This is apparently the only known American species of Pouzolzia with
toothed leaves. The flowers are much like those of P. occidentalis (Liebm.)
Wedd. The general appearance of the specimens suggests Phenax hirtus or
Phenax mexicanus.