SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 92, NUMBER 7
HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM THE WEST INDIESMADE BY DR. PAUL BARTSCH UNDER THE WALTERRATHBONE BACON SCHOLARSHIP, 1928-1930
BYDORIS M. COCHRANAssistant Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians,U.S. National Museum
(Publication 3259)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONOCTOBER 15, 1934
BALTIMORE, MD., U. 8. A.
HERPETOLOGTCAL ' COLLECTIONS FROM THJ<: WESTINDIES MADE BY DR. PAUL BARTSCH UNDER THEWALTER RATHBONE BACON SCHOLARSHIP, 1928-1930 By DORIS M. COCHRANAssistant Curator, Division of Rcf'tilcs and Batrachians, US. National MuseumDuring 3 successive years, from 1928 to 1930, the Walter Rath-bone Bacon Scholarship of the Smithsonian Institution was awardedto Dr. Paul Bartsch, of the United States National Museum, primarilyfor the extension of his studies of West Indian mollusks. In additionto obtaining vast series of mollusks, he was able to make valuablecollections in many vertebrate groups, the lizards being of especialinterest scientifically, as diagnoses of five new species and subspeciesfrom his collection have already been published, and three other newspecies are being described in the present report.In the first excursion Cuba was thoroughly worked for mollusks,and in addition nearly 100 amphibians and reptiles were obtained. Onthe second trip, in 1929, the party touched at Cuba and Puerto Rico,then continued eastward to the Virgin Islands and down the chain ofthe Lesser Antilles to Margarita and O'rchilla and the Dutch LeewardIslands just north of Venezuela. Over 400 amphibians and reptileswere collected, many of them considerably extending the ranges ofknown species. The last expedition, in 1930, yielded nearly 600 speci-mens taken in the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands. Sevenof the eight forms new to science came from this collection of 1930.Class AMPHIBIAOrder SALIENTIASuborder LinguataFamily HYLIDAEHYLA SEPTENTRIONALIS BoulengerHyla scptentrionalis Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal., p. 368, 1882,The only species of amphibian taken in the Bahamas by Dr. Bartschis Hyla septentrionalis. It is exceedingly common in Acklins Island,Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 92, No. 7
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 9279 specimens, now U.S.N.M. nos. 81570-648, having been taken onPinnacle Hill on July 9, 1930, and two others, nos. 81 650-1 fromIndian Wells on the same date. From Crooked Island we have twoexamples, no. 81490 from Land Rail Point, July 14, 1930, and no.8 149 1 from Pitch Point on the same date.Pinnacle Point, Acklins Island.—While hunting for moUusks among the hugebromeliads I discovered a small frog. With careful searching of many plantswe secured about 50 frogs of this species tucked away in the moist appressedbasal portion of the leaves .... Our next stop was at Pinnacle Hill, wherewe made a careful search through the brush but found only a few specimens ofa little brown Cerion also two frogs.Several examples were obtained in Cuba, as follows
:
U.S.N.M. nos. 75751-2 from one-half mile south of La GuiraMansion, near San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba,June 16, 1928; nos. 75791-2 from Baiios San Vicente, Pinar del RioProvince, Cuba, June 26-27, 1928; nos. 75817-24 from one-fourthmile northwest of Vega Alta, Santa Clara Province, Cuba, August 12,1928 ; no. 75841 from Jumagua Hills, west of Sagua La Grande,Santa Clara Province, Cuba, August i, 1928.Jumagua Hills. At station 2 we caught a huge tree toad nestling in a cavityin a small tree which he completely filled and which he rendered flush, matchingbeautifully the color scheme.Family BUFONIDAEBUFO EMPUSUS (Cope)Peltaphryne cmpusa Cope, Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 344.U.S.N.M. no. 75S64 from Remedio, Santa Clara Province, Cuba.August II, 1928. BUFO MARINUS (Linnaeus)Rana marina Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, p. 211, 1758.U.S.N.M. nos. 78995-7 from Monserrat, July 28, 1929 ; nos. 79032-7from Grand Terre, Guadeloupe, on July 30-31, 1929; nos. 79198-202from Mineral Springs, northeast Grenada, August 27, 1929.Family LEPTODACTYLIDAEELEUTHERODACTYLUS JOHNSTONEI BarbourEleuthcrodactyJus johnsfonci Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 44, no. 2,p. 249, 1914.U.S.N.M. no. 79192 from the Annandale Estate, Grenada, August25, 1929.
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN 3ELEUTHERODACTYLUS LOCUSTUS SchmidtElcuthcrodactylus locustus Schmidt, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 28, p. 174,1920.U.S.N.M. no. 78925 from El Yunque, Puerto Rico, June 27, 1929,I assign with some hesitation to the above species, the type of which Ihave not seen. The specimen in hand agrees with Schmidt's descrip-tion except for the tympanum, which in the type is said to be " scarcelydistinct, one-fourth the diameter of the eye ", while in the presentspecimen it is quite distinct and is over one-third the eye diameter.My specimen measures 21 mm from snout to vent. It is dark brown,with only faint traces of the dark interorbital band and some darkrhombic markings on the labial regions.ELEUTHERODACTYLUS PORTORICENSIS SchmidtEleuthcrodactylus portoriccnsis Schmidt, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 279, p. 2, 1927.U.S.N.M. nos. 78923-4, an adult female with a number of hatchingeggs taken at El Yunque, Puerto Rico, June 27, 1929
:
.... The strangest find was a frog—treetoad—with a mass of eggs in arolled-up pahn leaf, which she seemed to guard. The eggs were on the pointof hatching and began at once, on being exposed, to vibrate, and yielded theiryoung, which turned out to be not tadpoles but small jumping frogs. I gathereda number of these, as well as the parent.This observation as to the egg mass being guarded by the femalehas been made by two collectors—by Gundlach (Peters, Monatsb.Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1876(1877), p. 709) and by Bello y Espinosa(Martens, Zool. Garten, vol. 12, p. 351, 1871)—and the dates on whichthey found the developing eggs. May 24 and July 8, are borne out bythe date of the present find, June 27.LEPTODACTYLUS VALIDUS GarmanLcptodactyhis validus Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 19, p. 14, 1887.U.S.N.M. nos. 79068-75 from Brighton, St. Vincent, August 14,1929; nos. 79076-7 from Alount St. Andrews, St. Vincent, August 15,1929. Family BRACHYCEPHALIDAEPHYLLOBATES TRINITATIS GarmanPhyllobates triiiifatis Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 19, p. 13, 1887.U.S.N.M. nos. 79203-4, a half-grown specimen and tadpoles fromthe summit of a road leading north from Arima, Trinidad, Septem-ber I, 1929.
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92Class REPTILIASubclass DIAPSIDAOrder SQUAMATASuborder SauriaFamily GEKKONIDAEGYMNODACTYLUS ANTILLENSIS Lidth de JeudeGymnodactylus antillensis Lidth de Jeude, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 9, p. 129.1887.'U.S.N.M. no. 79225 from Bonaire Island, September 12, 1929; no.79231 from Orchilla Island, September 10, 1929. The latter appearsto be the first specimen of this species taken on Orchilla Island.GONATODES ALBOGULARIS (Dum^ril and Bibron)Gymnodactylus albogularis Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 3, p. 415, 1836.U.S.N.M. no. 79952, a very young and somewhat damaged specimenfrom Otra Banda, near Red Sark, Curagao, taken on September 17,1929, shows a body pattern of four narrow white bands edged an-teriorly with deep brown. The back of the head bears a broad U-shaped light mark, edged anteriorly and on the sides with brown. Afew white dots appear on the upper labials.PHYLLODACTYLUS PULCHER GrayPhyilodactylus pnlcher Gray, Spic. Zool., p. 3, 1830.U.S.N.M. nos. 79256-7, two very young specimens from BonaireIsland, September 12, 1929; nos. 79315-6, two adults from ArubaIsland, September 17, 1929.HEMIDACTYLUS MABOUIA (Moreau de Jonnes)Gecko mabouia Moreau de Jonnes, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1818, p. 138.U.S.N.M. no. 75843 from Havana, Cuba, July 18, 1928.THECADACTYLUS RAPICAUDUS (Houttuyn)Gekko rapicauda Houttuyn, Verhandl. Zeeuwsch. Genoot. Wet. ^^lissingen, vol. 9,p. 323, 1782.U.S.N.M. no. 79132 from Carriacou Island, Grenadines, August 21,1929.
NO. 7 ITERPETOLOGICAL COLLFXTIONS COCHRAN 5ARISTELLIGER PRAESIGNIS (Hallowell)Hcmidactyhis pracsignis Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1856,p. 222.lliree geckos of this species were taken on Six Hill Cay off SouthCaicos on August 3, 1930, now U.S.N.M. nos. 81444-6. They do notdiffer essentially from the 16 Jamaican pracsignis in the nationalcollection. All the Caicos lizards have eight upper labials and sevenlower labials. Their subdigital lamellae are really 20 to 21 in number,although only 13 to 16 of these are enlarged beyond the width of thesurrounding granules. The largest specimen measures 72 mm fromsnout to beginning of tail ; the tail itself has been partly reproduced,but now measures 86 mm.These lizards were found by turning over rocks.TARENTOLA CUBANA Gundlach and PetersTarentola cubana Gundlach and Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1864, p. 384.A young individual, U.S.N.M. no. 81721, was taken on CachibocaCay, Doce Leguas, Province of Camagiiey, Cuba, on September 8,1930 and a larger specimen, no. 81826, came from Puerto Portillo in theProvince of Oriente, Cuba, on August 29, 1930.SPHAERODACTYLUS ARGIVUS GarmanSphacrodactyhis argivus Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 20, p. 3, 1888.U.S.N.M. nos. 81754-5 from Cayman Brae, September 11, 1930.SPHAERODACTYLUS BARTSCHI, n. sp.Diagnosis.—Dorsals keeled, imbricate, no differentiated middorsalzone ; about nine dorsals in the standard distance between center of eyeand tip of snout ; lateral grooves more or less apparent on the rostral
;
faintly or distinctly spotted on the posterior part of body and on tailsometimes a light dark-bordered stripe on each flank extending ontothe tail ; adult size rather small.Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 81759, an adult male from Little CaymanIsland, taken September 12-13, 1930.Description of the type.—Snout moderately long but not veryacutely pointed, its length two and one-half times the diameter of theeye ; eye slightly nearer ear than tip of snout ; rostral moderate, with along median cleft behind, with merely a trace of lateral crescenticgrooves ; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, two postnasals (theupper the smaller) and a large supranasal which is separated from its
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92fellow by a single small scale followed by anotber of about the samesize ; superciliary spine moderate in size ; three large supralabials to apoint below the center of the eye ; a very large anterior inf ralabial, asmaller second and part of a third infralabial to the same point ; top ofhead covered with granules which are relatively large, hexagonal, andvery faintly keeled or smooth on the snout, more elongate and heavilykeeled between the eyes, and much smaller but still distinctly keeled onthe occiput ; scales of back keeled, imbricate, nine in the distance be-tween tip of snout and center of eye ; no middorsal granular zone
;
laterals irregular, only slightly larger than dorsals, about seven toseven and a half lateral scales in the standard distance ; mental a triflelonger than rostral, followed by two enlarged postmentals ; scales ofgular region small, slightly tubercular and indistinctly keeled only atthe level of the commissure of the jaws, becoming smooth and imbri-cate on the throat ; scales of chest and belly smooth, rounded, imbricate,about seven ventral scales to the standard distance, not perfectlyregular in size ; scales of limbs anteriorly and below like those of thebelly, much smaller and granular posteriorly ; 14 smooth lamellaeunder the fourth toe; scales of tail (reproduced) above keeled,imbricating, below smooth, enlarged transversely into a series of wide,rather irregular plates. A triangular "escutcheon" of differentiatedscales about five scales long by nine wide, which projects only for adistance of one or two scales on the femur.Di4ncnsioiis.—liea.d and body, 25 mm; tail (reproduced), 21 mm;width of head, 5 mm ; tip of snout to ear, 6.5 mm ; foreleg, 7 mm ; hindleg, 10 mm.Coloration in alcohol.—Head drab, upper part of body mouse-gray,tail pale olive-buff ; numerous sepia spots one scale in width beginningbetween the shoulders, indistinct on the anterior half of the back butbecoming very apparent on the tail. Lower parts pale olive-buff, withvery minute dark punctulations on the belly and on the posterior edgesof the transversely enlarged plates beneath the tail. Fore limbs veryindistinctly, hind limbs rather distinctly spotted above.Parafypcs.—Five specimens, a female (U.S.N.M. no. 81758), threemales (nos. 81757, 81760, 81761) and a very young one (no. 81756)were taken at the same place and time as the type.Variation.—In size of scales there is little variation, all of theadults having nine dorsals in the standard distance. The keels on thescales of the throat below the corner of the mouth are as distinct intwo adults as they are in the type, but are less distinct in the other twoexamples. The crescentic grooves on the rostral are fairly well de-veloped in two specimens, but are scarcely apparent in the others. In
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN 7
coloration, one male (no. 81760) most nearly resembles the type,although the spots are much less apparent. The other three specimens,including the female, have scarcely a trace of spotting, but there is adistinct dark-bordered light stripe on the flank beginning just anteriorto the groin and continuing for some distance onto the tail. The veryyoung specimen, unfortunately too mutilated to be of use in scalecomparison, nevertheless shows these posterolateral light lines veryplainly, as its body color tends toward sepia, instead of the pale drabor gray characteristic of the adults.Relationships.—The new species agrees with argus and caicosensisin general in scalation as well as in having at least the traces ofcrescentic grooves on the rostral. It differs from caicosensis in havingthe throat scales entirely smooth, and from argus in having threeinstead of four supralabials to a point below the center of the eye,and from both these species in its much reduced pattern. It is in-teresting to note that the new species is not closely related to argivus,the only Sphaerodactyl heretofore known from the Cayman group,and which is apparently confined to Cayman Brae.SPHAERODACTYLUS CAICOSENSIS, n. sp.Diagnosis.—Dorsals imbricate, very heavily keeled, about ii to thestandard distance between tip of snout and eye ; no differentiatedmiddorsal zone ; lateral crescentic grooves on rostral more or lessapparent ; throat scales keeled, at least laterally ; female with darkstripes on head ; body with dark irregular spots arranged transversely ;flanks and tail with a dark light-edged stripe. Coloration of maleunknown.Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 81443, an adult female from South CaicosIsland, Bahama Islands, July 29, 1930.Description of tJic type.—Snout moderately short and broad, itslength twice the diameter of the eye ; eye slightly nearer ear than tipof snout ; rostral large, with a median groove behind, bordered byfaintly indicated crescentic grooves ; nostril between rostral, an en-larged supranasal, a pair of postnasals of which the upper is thesmaller, and the first supralabial ; supranasal s separated from eachother by a single small scale ; superciliary spine rather small ; threesubequal supralabials to a point below the center of the eye ; a verylarge first infralabial and a much smaller second and third infralabialto the same point ; top of head covered with keeled scales, larger andhexagonal on the snout, smaller and more elongate between the eyes,very small and nearly round on the occiput ; scales of back small, very
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92heavily keeled, imbricate, about ii equalling the standard distancefrom snout to center of eye ; no middorsal differentiated zone ; lateralslike the dorsals, ii in the standard distance; mental moderately large,followed by two enlarged postmentals ; scales of gular region small,smooth, not imbricate anteriorly, but becoming imbricate and decidedlykeeled on the throat ; scales of chest and belly smooth, rounded, im-bricate, about 9 ventral scales to the standard distance, not perfectlyregular in size ; scales of limbs anteriorly and below like those of thebelly, much smaller and granular posteriorly; lO smooth lamellaeunder the fourth toe ; scales of proximal part of tail above keeled,regular and obtusely pointed, on reproduced part smooth, irregular androunded ; below on the proximal part with a larger median and twosmaller bordering rows of enlarged hexagonal scales, on the reproducedpart with a median series of transversely enlarged plates, ratherirregularly arranged.Dimctisions.—Head and body, 26 mm; tail (reproduced) 20 mm;width of head, 5 mm ; tip of snout to ear, 7 mm ; fore leg, 7 mm ; hindleg, 9 mm.Coloration in alcohol.—Female : body color above pinkish buff
;
head with a lateral sepia stripe beginning at the nostril, passing throughthe eye, widening behind the eye and passing upward to meet its fellowin a pair of diamond-shaped spots on the occiput; a dark medianstripe beginning on the rostral, narrowing between the eyes, wideningagain and ending in a diamond-shaped spot on the posterior part of thehead ; traces of a dark stripe leading from the corner of the mouth ontothe sides of the neck and then dorsally ; back with numerous wide,dark, wavy crossbands which tend to break up posteriorly into veryirregular transversely arranged spots ; tail with a continuation of theposterior dorsal coloration ; a wide, dark, light-edged stripe beginningon the flanks just anterior to the groin and continued onto the tailwhere there are traces of a dark line bordering it below ; ventralsurfaces pale olive-gray, suffused with very minute gray punctulationswhich are especially numerous on the posterior part of the belly andbeneath the legs and tail ; upper surfaces of limbs with alternatinglight and dark crossbars. The coloration of the male is not known.Paratypc.—A single paratype, U.S.N.M. no. 81447, also a female,was taken on Long Cay, oft' South Caicos, on the same day as the type.It is essentially the same in scalation, having 1 1 dorsals to the standarddistance. Only the lateral scales of the throat of the paratype appearto be keeled ; the central ones are smooth, like the gulars which precedethem. There are nine lamellae on the fourth toe. The color patternon the head is very similar to that of the type ; the body however, is
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN 9much paler because of the great reduction in the size and intensity ofthe spots. The hiteral stripe on the flanks and tail is quite prominent.Rclationshi/^s.—'This species falls in the key near to corticolus andargiis. It differs from corticolus, however, in having the traces ofcrescentic grooves on the rostral, while its keeled throat scales serveto distinguish it from argits, as well as from barlschi, one of the othernew forms described in this paper.SPHAERODACTYLUS CINEREUS WaglerSphacrodactyhis cincrcns Wagler, Syst. Amph., p. 1^3, 1830.U.S.N.M. nos. 81722-5 from the Cayo east of Boca Juan Gria,Camagiiey Province, Cuba, September 8, 1930; nos. 81726-7 fromGrande Cay, Doce Leguas, Camagiiey, Cuba, September 9, 1930.SPHAERODACTYLUS FESTUS BarbourSphaerodactyhis fcstus Barbour, Proc. Biol. See. Washington, vol. 28, p. 13,191S.A young individual, apparently a female, U.S.N.M. no. 79061 fromDiamond Hill, South Martinique, taken August 9, 1929, shows acharacteristic pattern of light chevron-shaped markings across theback.
I shot 16 lizards, mostly tree-climbing, but I got a small dark fellow underthe muck and rubbish, probably a young one Diamond Hill is a coni-cal eminence rising quite abruptly to an elevation of 1,568 feet. It is rough androcky near the summit, and in spots carries still a bit of woods. Very little ofliving stuff was found but we did get a splendid lot of muck and rubbish addingmany things to our catch of yesterday.SPHAERODACTYLUS MARIGUANAE, n. sp.Diagnosis.—Dorsals imbricate, elongate, keeled ; no dififerentiatedmiddorsal zone ; scales of middorsal region very slightly smaller thanthose of flanks, about 13 middorsals and about 11 dorsolateral scalesin the standard distance between tip of snout and center of eye ; supra-nasals large, normal, separated by one small scale ; a more or lessdistinct crescentic groove on each side of median rostral groove ; ven-trals smooth ; anterior gular scales faintly keeled ; head relatively shortand broad, body heavily built, size relatively large. Sexual dichroma-tism scarcely evident ; males usually rather faintly spotted above,females somewhat more heavily spotted, both sexes with a more orless distinct light-centered, dark-edged nuchal crescent and severalchevron-shaped bars across the tail.
lO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 81381, an adult male from Booby Island, eastof Mariguana Cay, Bahama Islands, taken July 21, 1930. Snoutrelatively short, its length only twice the diameter of the eye; eyeslightly nearer ear than tip of snout; rostral large, with a mediangroove and a more or less distinct crescentic lateral groove; nostrilbetween rostral, one large supranasal, two postnasals and the firstsupralabial ; supranasals separated from each other by a single scale
;
superciliary spine moderate in size ; three large supralabials to a pointbelow the center of the eye, with a very small fourth one terminatingthe series; three infralabials to the same point, the first one verygreatly enlarged, this series terminated likewise by a very small fourthscale ; top of snout covered with keeled polygonal scales which decreaseconsiderably in size between the eyes and become almost granular onthe occiput, about 25 in a straight line across the head just anterior tothe superciliary spine ; scales of back small, keeled, imbricate, the mid-dorsals slightly smaller than those of flanks ; about 13 middorsals andabout 1 1 dorsolaterals equalling the standard distance from tip of snoutto center of eye ; no middorsal granular zone ; mental large, followed bytwo postmentals which are only slightly enlarged ; scales of anteriorgular region small, very faintly keeled, very slightly imbricate ; scalesof chest and belly smooth, rounded, imbricate ; about 13 ventral scalesto the standard distance, fairly regular in size ; scales of limbs keeledabove, smooth below, almost granular posteriorly ; 14 smooth lamellaeunder the fourth toe ; scales of tail above keeled, imbricating, below onthe median line enlarged transversely into a series of irregular hex-agonal plates ; " escutcheon " of male prominent and wide, extendingon the femur two-thirds of the distance to the knee, composed ofthickened white scales in which traces of pigment appear only at theextreme posterior borders of those on the femur.Dliitciisious.—Head and body. 38 mm ; tail, 48 mm ; width of head,7 mm ; tip of snout to ear, 9 mm ; fore leg, 8.5 mm ; hind leg, 11 mm.Coloration in alcohol.—Upper parts fawn color with indistinctdorsal punctulations of sepia; a trace of a sepia-edged nuchal cres-centic marking ; tail with pronounced light chevrons edged with sepia,and with an interrupted lateral sepia stripe; top and side of headpale drab, immaculate; underparts pale olive-bufif with very minutegray dots on the throat, and heavier dots below the thighs and on theedges of the enlarged plates beneath the tail ; limbs immaculate, drababove, pale drab below.Faratypes.—Seven specimens—three adult males (U.S.N.M. nos.81379, 81380, and 81382), three females (nos. 81376-8) and a half-
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN IIgrown individual (no. 81383) were collected at the same time as thetype. A field note follows :One of the interesting- fmds of tlie day was a small, very dark brown, finelyspotted lizard, probably a Sf^liacrodactyliis of which we obtained eight specimensby quick work in turning over rocks and grabbing them before they could againslip under cover.Variation.—The head scalation is similar in all the specimens,except in no. 81378, in which hoth supranasals are abnormally dividedlongitudinally, so that there are five subequal scales bordering therostral between the nostrils, instead of an enlarged pair separated bya small scale, as in normal cases. The keels on the anterior gularregion are faint but definite in all but one specimen, no. 81377 ; in thisindividual they are present on one or two transverse series of scales atthe middle of the throat and must be looked for carefully even at thatpoint. The crescentic grooves on the rostral plate are well marked inall the specimens but one (no. 81380). The number of dorsal scalesin the standard distance varies between 11 and 13 depending on wherethe count is made ; the middorsal scales are slightly smaller than thoseon the flanks, but not otherwise dififerentiated in any way. Theventral scales are likewise 11 to 13 in the standard distance, but aremore irregular in size than the dorsals, so that different counts may beobtained by shifting a single scale-row in any direction.As to color variation it appears that little if any sexual dichroma-tism appears in this species. Except for the nuchal crescent, threeof the males are almost devoid of pattern, but so is the largest fe-male. The fourth male has a definitely spotted and reticulated dorsum,intermediate between the remaining two females. The pattern ismost highly developed in one of these females, no. 81377—there isa dark stripe beginning at the nostrils, passing through the eyeand merging, with the crescentic nuchal marks, here greatly elabo-rated. An anastomosing pattern of sepia lines covers the top ofthe head, and this is broken up on the body into an irregular series ofspots and bars, which becomes more definite on the tail, where thecrossbars have acquired light centers. The nuchal marking on some ofthe other specimens is not a true crescent ; it may be represented by apair of dark spots surrounded by an irregular indented parallelogramof dark lines. The dark stripe on the side of the head is apparent onlyin those specimens in which the pattern is well developed.Relationships.—In the key this species falls near oxyrhinus andargivus, but differs from both of them in having the anterior gularscales faintly keeled, and even more radically in size and in colorpattern. In fact, it cannot be said to be very close to any of the knownspecies of the genus.
12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92SPHAERODACTYLUS NOTATUS BairdSphaerodaclylus notatus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1858, p. 254.A well-preserved male, U.S.N.M. no. 81270, from Mathewtown,Great Inagua, was collected on August 9, 1930. While Mathewtown isthe type locality of the indigenous Sphacrodactylns inaguac Noble andKlingel, it is a port for West Indian shipping as well, and hence theoccurrence of a form like notatus, known to be an inveterate traveler,is to be expected occasionally.Another male, no. 81471, came from the cays adjacent to the SouthChannel cays of the Ragged Island group, collected on June 28, 1930.In Cuba the species is rather common, as the following list willshow:—U.S.N.M. nos. 81764-5 from the cay west of Channel,Havana Province, Cuba, September 20, 1930; nos. 81767-74 fromCayo Avillon, near Canapachi, Havana Province, Cuba, September 21,1930; no. 81775 from the balconies of Cayo Contelos, HavanaProvince, Cuba, on the same date.SPHAERODACTYLUS TORREI BarbourSphaerodactylns iorrci Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 44, p. 260, 1914.A banded female apparently referable to this species was collectedat Rio Puerco in the Province of Oriente, Cuba, on August 29, 1930(U.S.N.M. no. 81670).A pair (U.S.N.M. nos. 81822-3) from Boqueron, Cuba, August19, 1930, shows very well the sexual dichromatism occurring in thisspecies. Unlike most vertebrates, in which the male shows the brilliantand spectacular coloring if such coloring is to appear at all in thespecies, it is the female of Sphaerodactylns torrei which is charac-terized by the brilliantly contrasting crossbands of black and yellowor red, while the male is without any trace of any such crossbandswhen fully adult, having at most only a spotting of irregular browndots. In the case of the Boqueron male, the dorsal surfaces are auniform dull drab without punctulations of any kind.Another pair, U.S.N.M. nos. 81827-8, came from Puerto Portillo inOriente Province, Cuba, August 29, 1930. In the female the char-acteristic pattern of bands appears as usual, but the male has a heavyspotting of coarse brown dots covering the entire dorsal surface frombetween the eyes to the beginning of the reproduced tail.Two mutilated females, U.S.N.M. nos. 78921-2, from Rio Yaleritas,Oriente Province, are referred to this species also. They both areheavily crossbanded.
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN I3SPHAERODACTYLUS VINCENTI BoulengerSphacrodactylus vincenti Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1891, p. 354.A male, U.S.N.M. no. 79067, from Brighton, St. Vincent, August14, 1929, measures 22 mm from snout to vent. It has a very distinctescutcheon of dilTerentiated scales on the posterior surface of the ahdo-men. The epidermis covering this patch of differentiated scales inSphacrodactyli is more opaque when drying than is the epidermis ofthe surrounding ventral parts. When the epidermis is removed, thediiTerentiated scales appear coarser and thicker than do the ordinaryventral scales, and they are unpigmented and hence usually lighter incolor than the other ventral scales.Family IGUANIDAEIGUANA IGUANA (Linnaeus)Laccrta igiiana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 206, 1758.U.S.N.M. nos. 7921 1-6 from Los Robles, Margarita Island, Sep-tember 8, 1929; no. 79229 from Orchilla Island, September 10, 1929;nos. 79321-2 from Aruba Island, September 17, 1929. In theseexamples there is a range of 46 to 58 in the number of enlarged scalesin the dorsal crest, and the femoral pores are between 13 and 17. Noneof the individuals shows a tendency to have any of the median snoutscales enlarged into the conical, soft tubercles which supposedlycharacterize the variety rhiuolopha. The following color notes weremade from living examples from Los Robles, Margarita Island, byDr. Bartsch
:
Head most intense green with a dark brown, almost black, spot on the middleof the top, another below and a third behind the eye, typanum gray. Neck greengold and striped with dark brown. Body green gold, marbled with white andalmost black spotted. Comb warm red on neck, tending gradually toward greenon the back. Underside of belly pale green spotted with various shades ofbrown. Dewlap faintly rose, edged with green and dotted and dashed withdark brown. Sides of body with zigzag, oblique bands of green, brown andwhite in the order mentioned, from the back forward. Scales of front legsgreen and brown, greener inside, with a whitish, greenish band on the shoulder,edged by dark ciorsally. Hind legs like the front, whitish below. Tail greenwith broad bands of brown, usually edged with whitish or light brown on theposterior part, the light area being on the outer parts of the bands. The posteriorhalf of the tail has alternating broad bands of light and dark brown.DEIROPTYX BARTSCHI CochranDeiroptyx bartschi Cochran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 41, p. 169, Oct. 15,1928.U.S.N.M. nos. 75797-806 from Banos San Vicente, Pinar del RioProvince, Cuba, June 25, 1928; no. 75805 is the type of this species.
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92ANOLIS ACUTUS HallowellAnolis acutiis Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1856, p. 228.U.S.N.M. nos. 78929-39 from St. Croix, July 15, 1929.ANOLIS ALLIACEUS CopeAnolis alliaccus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1864, p. 175.U.S.N.M. nos. 79004-21 from Danes, east of Portsmouth, Do-minica, August 4, 1929; nos. 79026-9 from East Cabrite Island,Dominica, taken on the same clay.ANOLIS ANGUSTICEPS HallowellAnolis augusticeps Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1856, p. 228.U.S.N.M. no. 75816 from Sitio Perdido, Havana Province, Cuba,July 28, 1928. ANOLIS ARGENTEOLUS CopeAnolis (Gasfrotropis) argcntcolns Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia.1861, p. 213.U.S.N.M. no. 81679 from the mouth of the Magdalena River,Oriente Province, Cuba, August 29, 1930; no. 81825 from PuertoPortillo, Province of Oriente, on the same date.ANOLIS BIMACULATA SparrmanAnolis (Lacerta) bimaculata Sparrman, Nya Handl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Stockholm,vol. 5, p. 169, 1874.U.S.N.M. nos. 78981-7 from Mount Nevis, Nevis, July 27, 1929;nos. 78988-94 from St. Eustacius, July 25, 1929. Regarding the livingcoloration of this lizard on St. Eustacius the following color note hasbeen drawn up from Dr. Bartsch's description : The top of the headin front of the eyes is peacock-blue, the larger scales with a pinkishflush that becomes intensified behind the eyes and on the temporalregion. The pineal eye is gray brown. The side of the head anteriorto the eyes is peacock-blue. The area about the eyes is intense, bril-liant green. The top of the nape is blue with a pinkish flush. The maindorsal part of the body is yellowish green from the nape to the tail.This color extends from the base of the tail over the fore and hind legs,but these have a yellowish pink superimposed, which gradually fadesinto yellow-green on the belly. On the throat, and from there to thefore leg, are irregularly distributed spots of orange, the posteriorportion being uniform in color. The inside of the legs corresponds in
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN 1
5
color with the belly. The posterior half of the upper side and theoutside of the hind legs are marked with obscure spots of blue. Aninch behind the base of the tail the same peacock-blue seen on theforehead reappears, slowly grading from the general dorsal color. Thelast 2 inches of the tail is pale brown. Here spots and splashes of darkbrown, blue, and various shades of rose are irregularly scattered about.The median under part of the tail is a little paler than the ground colorof the rest, and free from spots on the outer half, the posterior inch ofthe coarse, scaled portion being brown.It may be noted here that the seven St. Eustacius lizards have adark brown spot just above the white shoulder stripe. This is lackingin the 7 lizards from Nevis, but is slightly apparent in 12 from St.Kitts, according to the alcoholic specimens that I have examined. Colordifferences between the Nevis and St. Eustacius lizards were observedby Dr. Bartsch in the living animals, for in his field notes writtenafter his excursion to Mount Nevis on July 27, he writes : " . . . .on the return I shot ... a bunch of lizards—two kinds. The blue-green one is not so beautiful here as on St. Eustacius. I got one withtwo tails". ANOLIS BONAIRENSIS RuthvenAnolis bonaircnsis Ruthven, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, no. 143, p. 4,July 9, 1923.U.S.N.M. nos. 79258-70 from Bonaire Island, September 12-13,1934. The gular fan of no. 79267 was primrose-yellow after havingbeen preserved for 2 months.ANOLIS BRUNNEUS (Cope)Anolis principalis brunncns Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1864, p. 432.Some scattered examples of this much disputed species were takenat the following places : U.S.N.M. nos. 81449-50 from Flamingo Caysof the Ragged Island Group on June 25, 1930; no. 81 561 from CastleIsland, south of Acklins Island, on July 8, 1930; no. 81649 fromPinnacle Hill, Acklins Island, on July 9, 1930; nos. 81525-27 fromCay Sal on June 17, 1930; nos. 81558-9 from Cotton Cay of the CaySal Group on June 23, 1930.The lizards from the Cay Sal group have distinctly larger dorsalgranules than do the others listed above. In other respects they seemto be very similar. An examination of the type of Anolis hrnnnciis, or,lacking that, the careful study of topotypic material from CrookedIsland must be made before a positive statement regarding the actualstatus of the species can be issued.
l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92ANOLIS CONSPERSUS GarmanAnolis conspcrsus Carman, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 24, p. 273, 1887.A good series, U.S.N.M. nos. 81732-41, was secured on Grand Cay-man, September 15-16, 1930.ANOLIS CRISTATELLUS Dum^ril and Bibron/Uiolis cristaicUus Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 4, p. 143, 1837.U.S.N.M. nos. 78926-7 from Bordeaux Hill, St. John's, July 13.1929, elevation 1,277 ft.; nos. 78940-8 from Bellevue Hill, RoadHarbor, Tortola, July 17, 1929; nos. 78949-56 from Virgin Gorda.July 19, 1929. ANOLIS EQUESTRIS MerremAnolis equesfrls Merrem, Syst. Amph., p. 45, 1820.U.S.N.M. nos. 75811-5 from San Diego de los Banos, Pinar delRio Province, Cuba, June, 1928.ANOLIS GENTILIS CarmanAnolis gcntilis Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 19, p. 35, 1888.U.S.N.M. nos. 79094-6 from Ouatres Island, Grenadines, August17, 1929; nos. 79106-7 from Mustique Island, Grenadines, same date ;no. 79108 from Petit Nevis, same date; nos. 79109-10 from PetitMustique, August 18, 1929; nos. 791 13-7 from Baliceaux Island,August 18, 1929; nos. 79118-30 from Petit Martinique, August 21,1929; nos. 79133-4 from Carriacou Island, same date; nos. 791 50-1from Frigate Island, August 22, 1929; nos. 79152-8 from RondeIsland, August 22, 1929; nos. 79159-60 from Caille Island, August 24,1929; nos. 79162-5 from Diamond Island, August 23, 1929; no.79196 from Mineral Springs, northeast Grenada, August 27, 1929.A careful comparison of all these specimens with one of Carman'scotypes from Petit Martinique does not reveal any characters onwhich a different species could be based, and lizards from ratherwidely separated islands, such as Ronde and Mustique, appear to beidentical in scalation. ANOLIS GINGIVINUS CopeAnolis gingivinus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1864, p. 170.U.S.N.M. nos. 78958-73 from St. Martin, July 22, 1929; nos.78978-80 from St. Bartholomew, July 25, 1929.
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN I7ANOLIS HOMOLECHIS BoulengerAnoiis hoynolcchis Boulenger, Cat. Lizards Brit. Mus., vol. 2, p. 28, 1885.U.S.N.M. nos. 75766-70 from one-fourth mile south of La GuiraMansion near San Diego de los Bafios, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba,June 16, 1928; nos. 75794-5 from Banos San Vicente, Pinar del RioProvince, Cuba, June 25, 1928; no. 81655 from the north side ofGuantanamo Bay, Cuba, August 14, 1930; nos. 81660-4 from CuscoV^alley, Province of Guantanamo, Cuba, August 16, 1930; nos. 81675-7from Rio Puerco, Province of Oriente, Cuba, August 29, 1930; no.81686 from Cabo Cruz, Province of Oriente, Cuba, August 31, 1920;nos. 81817-20 from Boqueron, Oriente Province, Cuba, August 19,1930. ANOLIS LEACHII Dumeril and BibronAnoiis Icachii Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 4, p. 153, 1837.U.S.N.M. nos. 79030-1 from Grande Terre, Guadeloupe, July 30-31, 1929. This species differs noticeably from its relative A. himacnlotain having coarse scales on the occipital and temporal regions and coarsergranules on the body. The weak ventral keels often seen in half grownexamples of A. Icachii are not found at any age in A. bimaculata.ANOLIS LEUCOPHAEUS LEUCOPHAEUS (Garman)Anoiis Icucophacus Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 20, p. 109, 1888.Between August 7 and 9, 1930, an excellent series of lizards of thisspecies was collected on Great Inagua Island; U.S.N.M. nos. 81246-9from a small islet in the center of Ocean Bight Bay, no. 81250 fromMan of War Bay, nos. 81 25 1-6 from Carmichael Point, nos. 81257-68from Northwest Point, and no. 81269 from the vicinity of Mathew-town.The ground color of the entire ventral surface of no. 8125 1 iscanary-yellow, most intense on the hind legs and beginning of the tail,lightest on the chin. The skin of the gular fan is grayish wax-yellow,the scales on it being canary-yellow. The top of the head is lavender-gray, and the dorsal region is olive-buff, but the canary-yellow tone isfound intermingled with the gray, especially on the limbs and tail,which are yellow above. The numerous black dots and splotches whichare present all over the body excepting on the chin and on the lumbarregion make a vivid and beautiful contrast to the soft yellowish tonesof the ground color. The variation in pattern is great, however, andled Cope to give two names, cinnainoiicus and inoorei, to this GreatInagua lizard. There are sometimes pale brown stripes in the younger
l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92
specimens, interspersed with a darker hue, the whole being overlaidwith a fine dark reticulation. The underparts are olive-drab, andthere are several longitudinal series of dark dots beginning on thelabials and chin, and leading backwards to the sides of the neck. Thenumber of subdigital lamellae on the third and fourth phalanges of thefourth toe vary from 19 to 25 in number. The supraorbitals are alwaysin contact. The supraocular plates may be large or small, keeled orsmooth. When large there are live or six. When small there may beas many as 11, of which 2 or 3 are conspicuously greater than the rest.The largest male, no. 81269, is 70 mm in length from snout to begin-ning of tail.One example of Anolis Icucophaeus Garman, now U.S.N.M. no.81245, was collected on August 5, 1930, on Little Inagua Island. It isa half-grown male and cannot be distinguished from those on thelarger neighboring island.ANOLIS LEUCOPHAEUS ALBIPALPEBRALIS (Barbour)Anolis albipaipcbralis Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 29, p. 215, 1916.From the Turks Island Group on July 31 and August i, 1930, camea series of lizards, belonging to a species which Dr. Thomas Barbourdescribed as Anolis albipalpebralis in 1916, but which he recentlysynonymized with leucophaeus,—^U.S.N.M. no. 81285-9 from LongCay ; nos. 81290-8 (topotypes) from Grand Turks Island ; nos. 81299-301 from Salt Cay; and no. 81302 from Cotton Cay of the Salt Caygroup. None of the adults are as heavily spotted with black as are theadults from Great Inagua. The largest male, no. 81285, measures74 mm from snout to beginning of tail. The skin and scales of thedewlap are olive-yellow posteriorly, becoming olive-gray anteriorly,where a small patch of the fan scales on either side is heavily dottedwith slate color. The center of the throat and the malar region areochraceous buff. The remainder of the ventral surface is olive-buff.The top of the head is light clay color and the upper surface of back,Hmbs, and tail are drab-gray, with a few indistinct sepia vermiculationson the nuchal region and behind the axilla. Some of the young andhalf-grown lizards show a distinct longitudinal striping of the back,consisting of a pale middorsal area and a double line of sepia on eachside. Some show a light lateral stripe, which puts an abrupt terminationto the clay color characteristic of the upper surfaces of the younglizards. Sometimes there are widely spaced sc[uare sepia spots downthis middorsal light area, about six of them between occiput and tail,a suggestion of which we sometimes find in the young leucophaeusfrom Great Inagua.
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS—COCHRAN I9The same subspecies appears again in the Caicos group, where thefollowing localities are represented by lizards obtained from July 24to August 4, 1930: U.S.N.M. nos. 81413-4 from French Cay; nos.81415-28 from South Caicos; no. 81429 from Fort George Cay; nos.81430-1 from Step Guano Cave on Cape Comete on East Caicos; no.81432 from Pine Cay; 81433-7 from West Caicos; and nos. 81438-42from Lorimer Creek on Grand Caicos. The largest male, no. 81419,measures 63 mm from snout to beginning of tail. The coloration ofthese Caicos lizards agrees with that of the neighboring Turks Islandform, both being much paler than many of the Mariguana lizards, andmuch less spotted than the typical Inaguan form.ANOLIS LEUCOPHAEUS MARIGUANAE CochranAnolis leiicopliacns marignanae Cochran, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 21,no. 3, p. 40, Feb. 4, 193 1.Diagnosis.—Similar in form to Anolis Icucophacus leucopliaeus(Garman), but dififering from it in coloration. Ground color drab-gray above, lavender-gray beneath, often with a wide clove-brownlateral band which originates on the loreal region, passes through theeye and above the ear, and widens above the shoulder, continuing ontothe base of the tail and gradually fading out; a light area usuallybounding its lower border ; a second dark lateral stripe beginning onthe malar region just behind the mental, continuing back beneath theear and merging in front of the shoulder with the upper lateral stripein some cases, in other cases widening and suffusing the entire side ofthe throat and upper arm region with a dusky mottling ; skin of gularfan lavender-gray, the scales white or olive-yellow. The young havedark latero-ventral reticulations, and the throat usually has a seriesof dark longitudinal lines. In adult males the tail fin is large and itsupper edge is indistinctly mottled with dark in the region of the rays.Limbs sometimes unmarked, sometimes with wide, irregular dark bars.Scales on limbs a little smaller than in leucophaeus proper ; scales oftail a little larger.Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 81346, an adult male from Mariguana Cay,July 18, 1930.Description of the type.—Top of head with two curving frontalridges which enclose a shallow median depression ; head scales veryunequal in size, the small ones flat, the larger ones with a very in-distinct ridge or keel ; rostral low, much narrower than the mentals
;
four scales in a series between the nostrils ; a median row of fouror five transversely elongate scales on the prefrontal region, the
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92
last of which is in contact with the lirst scale of the supraorbital semi-circle ; supraocular disks composed of seven enlarged scales, the innerones either in contact with the scales of the supraorbital semicirclesor separated from them by an incomplete series of granular scales
;
supraorbital semicircles broadly in contact with each other, separatedfrom the occipital by two very irregular series of scales ; occipital alittle smaller than the ear-opening ; the scales of the occipital regionconsiderably larger than the dorsals; canthus rostralis sharp, consist-ing of four elongated scales, the anterior small ; superciliary ridgeconsisting of one long anterior scale followed by a doulile series ofvery small scales ; three or four rows of granules separating the super-ciliaries from the supraocular disk; two medium-sized scales on theinner border of the elongate superciliary and just in front of thegranules ; loreal rows four, the scales keeled ; subocular semicircleskeeled, broadly in contact with the supralabials ; supralabials eight ornine, the suture between the sixth and seventh being under the centerof the eye; seven infralabials ; temporals granular, with a bare indi-cation of a supratemporal line ; dorsals granular, keeled, with a mediandouble series of slightly larger ones ; ventrals imbricate, small pos-teriorly and with a very faint indication of a keel, larger anteriorlyand with a somewhat more pronounced keel especially on the chestscales ; those on the throat very small, rounded and elongate ; fore legsabove covered with sharply keeled scales, those on the upper arm aslarge as the posterior ventrals, those on the lower arm a little largerthan the anterior ventrals ; anterior face of femur and underside oftibia similarly covered, the scales of the former gradually decreasingon the underside, the upper side of both being covered with granuleslike those on the back; scales on fingers and toes sharply carinate
;
digital expansion moderate, about 22 lamellae on the second and thirdphalanges of the fourth toe; tail long, compressed, the proximal halfwith a high fin supported by about 14 bony rays ; caudal verticilsdistinctly indicated by a vertical series of scales a little wider than thosesurrounding them and with straighter posterior margins, those betweenbeing pointed and narrower, in about seven irregular series, all imbri-cate and keeled ; the scales covering the upper edge of the tail raisedand slightly spinous, forming a serrated ridge, about five spines cor-responding to each verticil in the basal portion; dewlap large, withdistant series of scales, the anterior edge thickened; postanal scaleswell developed ; a distinct nuchal and dorsal skin fold.DumensioHS.—Snout to beginning of tail, 54 mm; tail, 103 mm;snout to posterior border of ear, 18 mm ; width of head, i r mm ; foreleg, 25 mm ; Iiind leg, 48 mm.
so. 7 IIERPETULUGICAL COLLECTIONS—COCHRAN 21Color {hi alcohol)
.
—Drab-gray above, lighter l)cncath ; traces of aclove-brown lateral stripe beginning on the loreal region, continuingbehind the eye over the ear to the shoulder region where it intensifiesin hue, then widening and gradually fading out posteriorly ; a secondclove-brown stripe ])eginning on the malar region, continuing back-ward below the ear, and joining the ui)per stripe in front of theshoulder : upper parts of limbs and base of tail irregularly mottledwith large clove-brown blotches ; skin of gular fan lavender-gray, thescales white with a very fine powdering of minute black dots. Eyelidwhite, the inner edge dark clove-brown.Paratypes.—U.S.N.AI. nos. 81344-5 and 81347-50 from MariguanaCay collected on July 18, 1930; nos. 81351-72 from Betsy Bay,Mariguana Cay, July 18-20, 1930; nos. 81373-5 from Booby Island,east of Alariguana Cay, July 21, 1930.Variations.—Like its near relative Anolis Icucophaciis Icucophaeusfrom Inagua, and its more distant relative A. cristatelliis from Pue'rtoRico and the Virgin Islands, the nev/ subspecies is subject to consider-able variation in the minor details of the head-plate arrangement, aswell as in coloration. There may be only four scales between thenostrils, or twice that number. The supraocular disk may be in contactwith the supraorbital semicircles, or separated by one or two rows ofgranules. The occipital may be set ofif from the supraorbital semi-circles by two to four very irregular scales. The median transverselyenlarged scales on the snout are often subdivided and scarcely enlarged,and may or may not touch the anterior supraorbitals. The colorpattern is often much more distinct than it is in the type, especially inhalf-grown specimens. On the other hand, it may be obscured by ahighly melanistic condition, in which the whole upper surface issuffused with blackish brown, extending even onto the ventral regions.Very rarely the whole body is pale drab.Relationships.—The subspecies from Mariguana Island is moreclosely related to leucophaeus albipalpebralis than to the typical Inaguanleucophaeus, since the first two forms are without the leopard spotsso characteristic of the last-named.The two previously described forms seem to attain a larger sizethan the new subspecies, the largest individual of which is only 65 mmlong from snout to vent, out of 33 examples. Several of the Inaguanand Turks Island lizards measure at least 70 mm, and appear to beheavier in structure, although the difference here is scarcely measur-able. The Turks Island form is very light in color and does not havethe broad dark lateral strij^c which almost always appears on Mari-guanan lizards.
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92The young of leucophacus mariguanac are very similar to the adults,except that their colors are intensified. They have a very broad lateralstripe of black, set off at its lower margin by a narrow sepia lateralband. The middorsal area is chocolate-brown, with very few reticula-tions. The young of leucophaeus alb ipalpebralis have on the neck a fewlarge light blotches edged with a fine dark line. A pale dorsal stripeis in some instances crossed by three or four large squarish blotches
;
in other cases these are much lightened, and the dark pigment is con-centrated at the edges of the light stripe as two or more narrow lines.The young of typical leucophaeus are distinct from either of the othersin having a very fine pattern of dark reticulations and spots all overthe body and sides, which now have a light sepia tone, but which laterin life fade to pale drab or olive-buff and leave the black spots stand-ing out very markedly. Some of them have traces of four longitudinallight stripes separating slightly darker areas, and some have faintlydelineated transverse dorsal blotches, but these are never so prominentas they are in the young from Turks Island.ANOLIS LINEATUS DaudinAnolis lincafiis Daudin, Hist. Nat. Rept., vol. 4, p. 66, 1802.U.S.N.M. nos. 79317-20 from Aruba Island, September 17, 1929.Two months afterward the gular fold of no. 79318, having retained itscolor in preserving fluid, was cadmium orange on the edges, turning towax-yellow toward the throat, with several heavy black longitudinalstripes. ANOLIS LUCIAE GarmanAnolis liiciac Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 19, p. 44, 1887.U.S.N.M. nos. 79062-5 from Mount Grenier, Santa Lucia, August10, 1929. ANOLIS LUCIUS Dum§ril and BibronAnolis Jucius Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen. vol. 4, p. 105, 1837.U.S.N.M. nos. 75834-5 from El Salto de la Tinaga, CamagiieyProvince, Cuba, August 28, 1828; no. 75842 from Jumagua Hills,west of Sagua La Grande, Santa Clara Province, Cuba, August 2, 1928.ANOLIS LUTEOSIGNIFER GarmanAnolis luteosignijer Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 20, p. 4, 1888.One example, LT.S.N.M. no. 81728, was taken on Cayman Brae,September 10, 1930.
NO. 7 HERPETOI.OCICAl, rOI.I.i: C'llONS COCHRAN 23ANOLIS MAYNARDII GarmanAnolis mayiuiidii tiarmaii, Bull. Es.sex Inst., vol. 20, p. 7, 1888.Three lizards, U.S.N.M. nos. 81729-31 arc from Little Cayman,taken September 12-13, ^930-ANOLIS MESTREI Barbour and RamsdenAiiolis mcslrci Barbour and Ramsden, Proc. IjIoI. Soc. Washington, vol. 29,p. 19, 1916.U.S.N.M. no. 75796 from Banos San Vicente, Pinar del RioProvince, Cuba, Jitne 25, 1928 ; no. 75829 from El Rinconada, SierraCamagiia, Camagiiey Province, Cuba, August 27, 1928; nos. 75832-3and nos. 75836-7 from El Salto de la Tinaga, Camagiiey Province,Ctiba, August 28, 1928; no. 75838 from the Santa Cruz Mountains,Camagiiey Province, Cuba, September i, 1928.ANOLIS ORDINATUS CopeAnolis ordinahts Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1864, p. 175.This species may be represented by the following examples
:
U.S.N.M. nos. 81528-32 from Cay Sal on June 17, 1930; nos. 81533-5from Elbow Cay of the Cay Sal Group on June 19, 1930 ; nos. 81537-57from Cotton Cay of the Cay Sal Group on June 23, 1930; no. 81474from Knife Cay of the Ragged Island Group on June 28, 1930; no.81480 from Margaret Island of the Ragged Island Group on July 2,1930; nos. 81499-501 from Crooked Island on July 14, 1930.The true status of this species is very doubtful and this identificationis to be considered as provisional until specimens from all the placesfrom which it is now recorded have been minutely compared.ANOLIS PORCATUS GrayAnolis porcatus Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, p. 112, 1840.U.S.N.M. nos. 75753-8 from one-fourth mile south of La GuiraMansion, near San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba,June 16, 1928 ; no. 75825 from one-quarter mile northwest of VegaAlta, Cuba, August 12, 1928. To the last named specimen the follow-ing field note applies
:
A heavy rain fell about 3 : 30 so we went under a cow shelter near a farm-house. While waiting for the rain to stop we collected eight frogs [see 75817-24Hyhi sepfcntrionalis] and one lizard under the eaves of this shelter.
24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92ANOLIS PULCHELLUS Dum6ril and Bibron
.liidlis piihliclliis Dvimeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 4, p. 97, 1837.U.S.N.M. no. 78957 from Virgin Gcjrda, July 19, 1929.ANOLIS RICHARDII Dumeril and BibronAiiolis ricliardii Dumeril and P.ihron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 4, p. 141, 1837.U.S.N.M. nos. 79090-3 from Admiralty Bay, Bequia Island, August16, 1929; nos. 79135-8 from Carriacou Island. August 21, 1929; nos.79139-46 from High Hill, about 2 miles east of Hillsborough, BigCarriacou Island, August 21, 1929 ; nos. 79167-89 from the AnnandaleEstate, Grenada, August 25, 1929; no. 79197, a young one taken atMineral Springs, northeast Grenada, August zy, 1929.A detailed comparison of the lizards from Bequia and Carriacou withspecimens from Grenada, including one of the cotypes of Anol'istrossulus Garman, makes it apparent that they are alike in everyessential of scalation. If any valid color differences exist, they are notapparent in the material at hand.ANOLIS ROQUET (Lac^pede)Lacerta roquet Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip. Serp. vol. i (synopsis-method.,div. 4), 1778.U.S.N.M. nos. 79038-9 from High Mountains, Martinique, August8, 1929 ; nos. 79040-55 from Diamond Hill, South Martinique, August9, 1929; nos. 79056-9 from the north shore of Fort de France Harbor,Martinique, August 7, 1934. " Tree-climbing lizards ".ANOLIS SAGREI Dumeril and BibronAnolis sagrei Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 4, p. 149, 1837.U.S.N.M. nos. 75759-65 and nos. 75771-89 from one-fourth milesouth of La Guira Mansion near San Diego de los Bafios, Pinar delRio, Cuba, June 16, 1928; nos. 81690-4 from Palomito Cay, OrienteProvince, Cuba, September i, 1930; nos. 81695-6 from Blanco Cay,Camagiiey Province, Cuba, September 6, 1930; nos. 81697-8 fromDoce Leguas in Camagiiey Province, Cuba, September 7, 1930; no.81699 from Cachiboca Cay, Camagiiey Province, Cuba, September 8,1930; nos. 81762-3 from Sandy Cay, Cuba, September 19, 1930; no.81824 from Puerto Portillo, Oriente Province, Cuba, August 29, 1930 ;no. 81891 from East Point, Second Cay, Cuba, September 19, 1930.A few weeks after being preserved, the gular skin of no. 75765 wasburnt sienna, and the gular scales were light chrome-yellow ; the
NO. 7 HKkPF.TOLO(;iCAI, (Of.r.F.CTIONS COCHKAN 25dorsal light stripe was vinaceous-cinnamon, while the head, nuchalregion, and shoulders were dovc-hrown. The sides of the hody, aswell as the liml)s, were drah. The ventral surfaces were palely irides-cent with hlue, pink and green. In no. 75762, only the scales on theedge of the dewlap were chrome-yellow, the other gular scales heingclove-hrown like the gular skin itself.ANOLIS STRATULUS CopeAnolis strattihis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 209, 1861.U.S.N.M. no. 78928 from Bordeaux Hill, St. John's, July 13, 1929 ;elevation 1,277 feet.ANOLIS TERRAE-ALTAE BarbourAnolis tcrrac-allac Barbour, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 28, p. 76, 1915.U.S.N.M. nos. 78998-79001 from St. George (= Cabritt Island),Saints Islands, August i, 1929; nos. 79002-3 from Mount Chameau,St. Peter, same date. A note with the St. George specimens states thedewlap was pale orange in life.Since not all scientific collections may have examples of Anolisleachii (=ferrcus) from Gaudeloupe, to which Barbour compared theSaints Island A. terrae-altae in his original diagnosis, it will not beamiss to include here a more detailed description of one of the sixspecimens of A. terrae-altae listed above
:
An adult male, U.S.N.M. no. 79002, has the top of the head with twolow diverging frontal ridges, disappearing before they reach the levelof the nostrils and enclosing a feebly pronounced frontal hollow ; headscales smooth, only the scales of the supraorbital disk showing faintkeels ; the distance between the anterior parts of the orbits verynearly equalling that from the orbit to the end of the snout ; rostrallow, slightly narrower than the mentals ; four scales in a row betweenthe narrow scales bordering each nostril above, the median pair some-what enlarged ; the median snout scales immediately behind theseinternasal scales in a single series, transversely enlarged ; supraorbitalsemicircles composed of six or seven enlarged scales, the third thelargest, the fourth and fifth separated from their fellows by a singlerow of small scales; occipital about two-thirds the size of the earopening, separated from the supraorbital semicircles by two rows ofscales rather irregular in shape ; those posterior to the occipital moreregular in shape and smaller than those in front of it ; supraorbitaldisk composed of five polygonal, faintly keeled scales, narrowly
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92
separated from the semicircle by one row of granules, which in frontof the disk form a patch of granules; canthus rostralis very sharp,consisting of three subequal elongated shields, merging with the super-ciliary ridge which also has three scales, of which the middle one ismuch the longest, the posterior one followed in turn by a double rowof granules; five loreal rows; subocular semicircles keeled, widely incontact with the posterior supralabials ; seven enlarged supralabials,the seventh under the center of the eye, followed by three or fourgranular labial scales ; temporal granules a little larger than the dorso-laterals ; a well-marked double series of small scales forming the supra-temporal line ; dorsal and lateral granules minute, tubercular ; four orfive median rows of slightly enlarged, keeled scales down the centerof the back beginning on the nuchal region, continuing on the tail asa crest of considerably enlarged scales; ventral scales medium-sized,smooth, rectangular, those on the throat small and bluntly tuberculate
;
anterior face of fore and hind legs covered with large, weakly keeledscales much larger than the ventrals ; scales covering the hands andfeet above very faintly unicarinate ; digital expansion wide, with about24 lamellae under the second and third phalanges of the fourth toe,39 under the entire toe ; tail long, compressed, with very poorly-markedverticils of aligned scales ; those between similar in size but not inalignment, in about five or six irregular rows, all imbricate, keeled anddistinctly mucronate at the tips, surmounted by a strongly serrateedge of enlarged, keeled scales triangular in profile, four (sometimesthree) to every verticil, the last of each group distinctly enlarged
;
dewlap with many closely set series of scales, whose posterior bordersare projecting and mucronate; postanal plates large and well de-veloped ; a slight skin fold along the neck and back.Dimensions.—Snout to vent, 59 mm; tail, 114 mm; orbit to tip ofsnout, 9.5 mm; orbit to orbit, 7 mm; snout to posterior ear, 19 mm;snout to center of eye, 12 mm; width of head, 11.5 mm; fore leg,26 mm ; hind leg, 42 mm ; tibia, 15 mm.Color in alcohol.—Entire head olive-bufif ; upper parts of body andHmbs very pale immaculate glaucous-blue; lower surfaces and tailecru-drab.Variation.—The other specimen from St. Peter, U.S.N.M. no.79003, a young female, dift'ers slightly from the described specimen inhaving even weaker indications of keels on the supraocular disk, thesupraocular semicircles mutually in contact for a short distance, largerpreoccipital scales, and only one scale between the occipital and thesemicircles.
NO. 7 HERPETOr.OClCAI. COI.I.I'.CTIONS— l(l(II RAN IJThe four specimens from Si. ( icoi ^c ( Calniu Island), IJ.S.N.M.nos. 78998-79001, an adnlt male and three y(um<^ females, show a nuiehhrowner cast of coloring-. 'J'he male ranges from a wood-hrown on thehead to burnt umber and seal-brown on the back and sides, the taildark fawn color, the throat and chest drab, the posterior underpartspale ecru-drab. One female, no. 79000, is almost the same in tone,while the other two are lighter. There is a faint suggestion of latero-ventral mottling on two of the females, but otherwise the lizards areimmaculate. ANOLIS VINCENTII GarmanAnolis vinccntii Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 19, p. 46, 1887.U.S.N.M. no. 79066 from Brighton, St. Vincent, August 14, 1929;nos. 79078-89 from Mount St. Andrews, St. Vincent, August 15, 1929.NOROPS OPHIOLEPIS (Cope)Anolis (Dracontura) ophiolrpis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 211,1861.U.S.N.M. no. 75790 from one-fourth mile south of La GuiraMansion, near San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba,June t6, 1928.CYCLURA CARINATA CARINATA (Harlan)Cycliira lariiiala ]larlan, Joiirn. Acad. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 242, 1824.An excellent series of nine lizards, U.S.N.M. nos. 81785-93, wascollected on Long Cay of the Turks Island Group, on July 28, 1930;two more, nos. 81781-2, came from Long Cay south of South Caicos,July 29, 1930; another, no. 81783, from the west end of East Caicoson July 29, 1930; another, no. 81218, from Water Cay of the FortGeorge isles in the Caicos group on July 25, 1930; a series of 20, nos.81219-33, nos. 81776-80, of all ages from Big Iguana Cay. East Caicos,July 28, 1930. CYCLURA CARINATA BARTSCHI CochranCydiira carinata bartschi Cochran, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 21, no. 3,p. 39, Feb. 4, 1931.Diagnosis.—NdiSdXs broadly in contact with the rostral and witheach other; a pair of supranasals also closely in contact with eachother ; the scales of the prefrontal region rather uniform in size andshape, and grading into the smaller frontal and parietal scales ; supra-
28 SMITIISOXIAN M TSrF.LI.ANF.OT'S COLLKCTIONS VOL. C)2
orbital semicircles harely dilTereiiliated by an occasional somewhatenlarged scale; scales of the supraocular region distinctly smaller thanthe other upper head scutes; two to four enlarged vertical canthalson each side of the head ; nuchal and caudal crests widely separatedfrom the dorsal crest, which is 12 mm high (in adult males) and iscomposed of 60 to /t, spines (average in 6 specimens, 63.5) ; nuchalcrest composed of 16 to 20 spines (average 17.1), the highest of whichmeasures 15 mm ; four vertical rows of small scales between the fifthand sixth verticils of the tail ; eight supralabials (rarely nine) to al)oint below the center of the eye ; rostral wider than the mental ; threeto four enlarged tibial scales equaling the vertical diameter of thetympanic membrane.Tvpe.—IJ.S.NM. no. 81212 (collector's number 172), an adultmale from Booby Cay, east of Mariguana Island, Bahamas, collectedon July 21, 1930.Description of the type.—Rostral wider than the mental and broadlyin contact with the nasals, which are broadly in contact with eachother ; a pair of slightly enlarged triangular supranasals likewise incontact with each other, and lying in the angle behind the two nasals
;
no enlarged prefrontal, frontal or parietal scales; supraorbital semi-circles barely differentiated by an occasional somewhat enlargedscale ; scales of the supraocular region distinctly smaller than theother upper head scutes, with a very slight indication of a supra-ocular disk; occipital rather large and located well forward, sur-rounded by irregular scales which are smallest behind it and a littlelarger to the right and the left; all the scales of the head, exceptthose on the snout, keeled but not tubercular ; two or three enlarged,vertical canthals on each side of the head; a well-developed series ofslightlv keeled supraoculars carried back a little beyond the orbit
;
eight upper and nine lower labials to a point directly below the centerof the eye ; three or four rows of small scales separating the supra-labials from the suboculars ; no swollen scales in the temporal region,only a few slightly enlarged and spinose scales in front of the ear.and some enlarged smooth scales below the angle of the mouth:about two rows of faintly keeled scales separating the infralabialsfrona the three or four rows of more heavily keeled malar scales ;dorsal scales small, ventrals slightly larger; a nuchal crest com-posed of 16 spines, the longest of which measures 15 mm; a dorsalcrest, completely separated from both nuchal and caudal crests, com-posed of 60 spines which are conspicuously uneven in basal width andin height, the longest of which measures 12 mm ; the caudal crest low,the highest spine only 6 mm in length, every third spine being enlarged
NO. 7 TIl'.KPF.T(H.()i;iC.\l. (OI.I.IH riONS COCHRAN 29
lo correspond to the verticils of enlarged and hij^hly spinose scales;I'dur rows of small rectangular scales between the liftli and sixth verti-cils ; upper surface of limbs with slit^htly imbricated, keeled, posteriorlypointed scales which are consideral)l3' larger than the body scales ; onthe upper arm about 9, on the lower arm about 7 (jf these scales to thevertical diameter of the tympanum ; the scales on the outer tibia thelargest, spinose, hexagonal, about four to the vertical diameter of thetympanic membrane ; 18 and 20 femoral pores arranged in a singlerow ; inner side of second toe with one comb, of third toe with twocombs each consisting of three prominent and two small lol)es ; tailslightly compressed.Color {in alcohol).—Head and scales of crest dull pea-green; skinof upper parts mouse-gray to dull olive-green with a very indistinctfine reticulation of lighter hue ; skin of lower parts dull sage-green
;
under surfaces of feet and tail dark olive-buff.Dlniensions.—Head to posterior border of ear, 64 mm ; width ofhead, 44 mm ; vertical diameter of tympanum, 1 1 mm ; head and body,300 mm ; tail (reproduced), 260 mm.I'ariatiaii.—There are five paratypes (U.S.N.M. nos. 87213-17),four of them adult females, and the fifth a very young one of in-determinate sex, all taken at the same time and place as the typespecimen. The extreme variations are given in the specific diagnosis.In only one specimen do the nasals fail to touch ; in this animal theinner border of each nasal plate is cut oft' by a suture, so that there aretwo small internasals abnormally formed. The femoral pores arerather low in numl)er ranging lietween 16 and 20 in the present series,and averaging 17.9 for all. The only lizard with an approximatelycomplete tail has a head and body length of 250 mm, the tail with tipmissing measures 320 mm. The coloration in the adult females is muchlike that of the ty])e. The young has a few light transA'erse dorsalsaddles outlined with a darker tone.Relationships.—The sulispecies from Booby Cay is obviously a linkbetween the typical carinata from Turks Island and nuchalis fromFortune Island. Booby Cay, east of Mariguana Cay, from which thenew subspecies was collected, is just about midway between the othertwo type localities.Cyclura cariiiafa proper may be readily distinguished from C. carin-ata bartschi by a combination of several characters. True carinata hasthe nasals separated by a good-sized wedge-shaped scale; in bartschithe nasals are ordinarily in contact, agreeing in this respect withnuchalis. The new subspecies has as a rule more scale-rows betweenthe caudal verticils, as well as larger tibial scales, more scales in the
30 SMITTISONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92dorsal crest, and fewer siipralahials llian does Ihe Turks Island form.Nevertheless, it is nuicli closer to carinata than it is to nuchalis whichhas swollen enlarged scales on the snout and hence is at once separahlefrom the other two forms under discussion.We had been told upon inquiry all along Mariguana Cay that Booby Cayhad iguanas upon it, and this information was confirmed, for shortly after ourarrival we started off a huge fellow who went crashing through the brush andtook refuge in a hole, for these iguanas den like rabbits and when pursued slipunderground. We had made nooses of wire and tried to catch some of themalive, but the heavy weight of the animals quickly caused my copper wire tountwist at the loop and the old fellow went crashing through the brush scaredby this new experience. Nye had a similar experience, only his wire parted atthe stick and the iguana carried it off. I am afraid this will be a dead iguana,for I saw him choking. Further efforts to obtain these animals alive resultedin a waste of a great amount of time, and caused us to decide to give up thisachievement. Later in the afternoon Chittick and Nye went iguana-hunting andsecured four. I had shot one in the morning and we had caught a baby alive,which will give us six specimens for scientific study.CYCLURA MACLEAYII GrayCyclura MacLcayii Gray, Cat. Lizards Brit. Mus., p. 190, 1845.Examples of this handsome species are still fairly common on someof the cays, judging hy the num1)ers brought back in recent collections.It is represented in the present collection by U.S.N.JM. no. 81784 fromSavilla Cay, Oriente Province, Cuba, September 4, 1930; nos. 81794-8from Cabeza del Este, Caya Blanca, Doce Leguas, Cu1)a, September 8,1930 ; nos. 81799-805 from Cachiboca Bay, Cuba, same date ; no. 81806from the cay east of Anclitos Cay, Cuba, September 8, 1930; no.81810 from Cantilles Cay, Cuba, September 21, 1930, and no. 81811from ]\Iathias Cay, Cuba, September 22, 1930.CYCLURA NUCHALIS Barbour and NobleCyclura nuchalis Barbour and Noble, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 60, p. 156,1916.Eleven examples of this interesting species (U.S.N.M. nos. 81234-44) were taken on Fish Cay of the Fortune Island Group on July 11,1930. The number of spines in the dorsal crest ranges between 62 andy2, averaging 67.7. The nuchal crest has 15 to 19 spines, averaging16.7, and these are irregular both in length and in basal width, asBarbour and Noble indicated. The femoral pores are numerous, run-ning from 21 to 28, and averaging 24.7. On the distal part of the tailthe verticils are not very distinct, but when they can be seen there arefive rows of small scales separating them. The coloration of the adult
NO. 7 IIKRPl-yrOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN 3I
male, U.S.N.M. no. 81239, is as follows : Ground color dull indigo-blueabove lightening to glaucous blue beneath, with coarse reticulations ofbrick-red on the sides and back ; posterior part of head indigo-blue,with the snout and frontal portions coral-red to rufous ; the malar andlabial scales orange chrome to coral-red, with a suggestion of thesecolors on the chin, which is mostly dull china-blue ; nuchal spines paleolive-buif slightly tinged with flesh color ; dorsal spines mostly lightcoral-red. with occasionally a dull china-blue one ; tail light indigo, afew of the anterior caudal spines tinged with pink; upper surfaces offore and hind feet black. The other adult specimens are similar incoloration, although they are not so bright in hue. A young specimen,no. 81242, is uniformly dull indigo, without any dorsal crossbandswhatever or any indication of a reticulated pattern.The largest specimen, no. 81239, measures 270 mm from snout toend of body; unfortunately its tail is reproduced. A smaller lizardmeasuring 215 mm in head and body has a complete tail 360 mm long.The young specimen already referred to is 140 mm from snout tovent.We have been told repeatedly upon inquiring about iguanas that we wouldfind them on Fish Cay, and so we did. We obtained a dozen good-sized speci-mens among the bushes by snaring them with string nooses on the end of astick. We were considerably surprised, howe\er, when we took them from ourbag on board the ship to find that four of them were dead ; evidently they havea way of committing suicide, similar to the ones we collected in the Gulf ofCalifornia on Angel de la Guardia Island (Sauromalus hispidus now in theAmerican Museum of Natural History). We have saved the eight remainingand hope to carry them through alive to Washington. Peters shot four more.The dead specimens I have injected with strong formalin-alcohol mixture andthey have been put in alcohol. These iguanas are vegetable feeders. They arefairly tame and persisted in chasing the noose on the end of our sticks, instead ofrunning their heads through them, or letting us place it around their necks.When hard pressed they finally dash into holes that look like huge sand crabburrows, or when near the coast, where there is a hurricane rampart, they seekrefuge in the crevices of the rocks.LEIOCEPHALUS CARINATUS CARINATUS (Gray)Le'wccphahis carinatus Gray, Philos. Mag., vol. 2, p. 208, 1837.U.S.N.M. no. 75793 from Bat'ios San Vicente, Pinar del RioProvince, Cuba. June 21, 1928; no. 75810 from Puerta del Ancon,Pinar del Rio Province, Cuba, June 29, 1928; no. 81658 from MacolaHill, Province of Guantanamo, Cuba, August 15, 1930; no. 81673from Rio Puerco, Province of Oriente, August 30, 1930; no. 81687from Cabo Cruz, Oriente. Cuba, August 31, 1930; nos. 81708-9 from
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92Doce Leguas, Camagiiey Province, Cuba, September 7, 1930; no.81710 from Grenada Cay, Doce Leguas, Cuba, September 9, 1930;nos. 81711-2 from Caballones, Doce Legua.s, collected on the same day
;
nos. 81715-7 from Grande Cay, Doce Leguas, also on September 9,1930; nos. 81742-9 from Cayman Brae, September 10 and 11, 1930.At the present time it is not practicable to distinguish between theCuban carinatus and the specimens listed beloAv. A very detailed studyof the variations of carinatus in Cuba will be necessary for an under-standing of the status of the forms on some of the outlying islands.These lizards came from cays in the Ragged Island Group asfollows: U.S.N.M. nos. 81455-63 from Flamingo Cays on June 25,1930; nos. 81465-70 from cays adjacent to South Channel Cays onJune 28, 1930; nos. 81472-73 from Knife Cay on June 28, 1930; nos.81476-78 from Johnson's Cay on July 2, 1930 ; no. 81479 from DoubleBreasted Cay on July 2, 1930.Johnson's Cay.—We took a couple of lizards of the curled tailed type butthe tail seems to be more spiny on the back than the previous type, but thismay be pure imagination on my part.As a matter of fact, the tail is very spiny in every adult specimenfrom all of the cays mentioned above. Those from Johnson's Cay,three in number, have an unusually enlarged middle supraocular, whichappears to have come through the fusion of the third and fourth, orthe second and third, as there is one less than the usual number ofsupraocular scales (six) found in specimens from the surroundingcays. A great many specimens from every cay will have to be studiedbefore a definite decision as to the stability of this character can bemade. LEIOCEPHALUS CARINATUS PUNCTATUS CochranLciocephalns carinatus punctaius Cochran, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 21,no. 3, p. 39, Feb. 4, 1931-Diagnosis.—Closely resembling the Cuban Leiocephalus carinatus,but differing from it in having a larger scale at the upper anteriorregion of the ear, as well as in possessing a more vivid color patternwith a somewhat different arrangement of light and dark pigmentespecially on the head.Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 81560 (collector's no. 135) a male from thenorth shore of the bay at Jamaica Wells, Acklins Island, July 6, 1930.Description of the Type.-—Head shields large, the anterior smooth,the posterior very faintly ridged ; four scales (an internasal and threeprefrontals) in a line between the rostral and the beginning of thesupraorbital rinq- ; prefrontals and internasals embracing a partly
XO. 7 HERPKTOl.OGICAl, COrjJHTlONS COCHRAN 33discontinuous medial scries of three scales, the first small and touchingthe rostral ; the second prefrontal the largest, in contact with its fellow,separated from the canthals hy a series of scales; two canthal scales,the second the larger, followed l)y five elongate superciliaries. the lastone the smallest ; six slightly ridged sui)raoculars, partially se])aratedfrom the frontals hy rui incomplete series of small scales and from thesuperciliaries hy two series except posteriorly where there is a singlerow ; frontals moderate in size, mutually in contact along their entireinner horders ; occipital small, with a small scale immediately followingit, the two scales hordered on each side by two distinct parietals, theinner about half the size of the outer, which is about five times thearea of the anterior occipital ; an enlarged, heavily ridged scale at theouter posterior margin of the outer parietal ; no other conspicuouslyenlarged post-parietals ; five upper and five lower labials to a pointbelow the center of the eye ; malar scales large and conspicuous, thefirst two sul)equal and separated from the infralabials by a single rowof scales; temporal scales small and mostly uniform in size, those justin front of the ear gradually enlarging, the upper one about threetimes as large as the surrounding scales ; anterior border of the earwith five or six unequal projecting scales, the longest reaching one-third of the distance across the tympanum. Dorsal scales moderatelylarge, imbricate, very slightly mucronate ; laterals smaller than thedorsals, the gradation in size being very gradual ; ventrals slightlysmaller than the dorsals, smooth, their posterior borders slightly den-ticulate ; about 6 1 dorsal scales from the occiput to a point directlyabove the vent ; about 14 dorsal scales equivalent to the distance fromsnout to occiput ; nuchal scales moderately small, those behind the earand in the shoulder folds like the dorsals but very small ; no lateralfold. The adpressed hind limb reaches to the center of the eye. Digitscompressed, the fourth toe with 24 tricarinate lamellae, the scales onthe upper surfaces of the limbs relatively small ; a very distinct but lowdorsal crest beginning at the occiput and continuing without inter-ruption to the end of the tail, increasing on the posterior part of thebody and becoming much higher on the tail ; the caudal scales keeledand highly mucronate ; no verticils ; tail slightly compressed. The keelsof the dorsals and laterals converge posteriorly. A pair of widely-separated and very inconspicuous postanals in the male.Dimensions.—Snout to vent, 72 mm ; head to posterior ear, 20 mm ;tail (reproduced), i u mm ; lore leg. 2^^ mm ; hind leg, 60 mm ; widthof head, 15 mm.Color {in alcohol).—Body and limbs dull bottle green above, highlyiridescent ; top of head sepia, the supraocular region deep clove- brown ;
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. gZ
a brilliant pattern of white spots on the prefrontals and frontals anda large white spot on the occipital ; a white line beginning in front ofthe first supraocular and continuing backward on the outer edges ofthe supraoculars to the outer parietals, behind which the line widensand turns to an iridescent olive-green dorsolateral stripe, much invadedby darker pigment until it finally vanishes on the side of the tail ; asimilar much interrupted median dorsal line along the crest ; a sepialateral stripe beginning behind the eye, and widening and graduallylosing itself about midbody ; loreal region, lips, and anterior lowersurfaces pea-green to sage-green ; a faint sepia mottling on thethroat ; the posterior part of the body and under surfaces of hindlegs lightening to olive-buff ; some indistinct, transverse, lateroventralbars of pale china-blue, and a few small light spots of the same hue onthe upper surfaces of the limbs ; tail with alternate rings of sepia andwhite, widening distall}'.Paratypes.—An excellent series of lizards of all sizes and ages wasobtained on Acklins Island, U.S.N.M. nos. 81482-9 from the hills nearCornucopia taken on July 7, 1930, and no. 8148 1 from JamaicaBay. From Castle Island, just south of Acklins came U.S.N.M. nos.81562-9, taken July 8, 1930. The same form occurs on Crooked Island,for U.S.N.M. nos. 81492-6 were taken there on July 14, 1930.Variation.—About the usual amount of variation is seen in the headplates of this new form. The second pair of prefrontals is usuallylarger than the others, and in broad contact, although sometimes thepresence of an unusually large median snout scale prevents muchcontact. The frontals and supraoculars may be fully separated by acomplete series of small scales, or this series may be much reduced andinterrupted. As to coloration, the light longitudinal stripes are usuallyin evidence, while the dark head with the contrasting brillance of thelight markings is an almost invariable condition. The females resemblethe males in color. The very young ones, however, do not show sucha definite pattern. U.S.N.M. nos. 81488 and 81489, respectively36 mm and ^2 mm snout to anus, have the top of the head drab-gray,with small sepia dots scattered uniformly over the head plates. Thebody likewise is drab-gray, with the light longitudinal lines plainlyshowing, and the dorsal region and upper limb surfaces are spottedwith sepia, like the head. The throats of most of the adults have darknarrow lines converging anteriorly ; in the type this pattern is greatlyobscured and interrupted by the numerous very light-colored scales,which tend to form short transverse groups of three or four scales allover the throat and chest regions. One very old male, no. 81481measuring 105 mm, has lost practically all traces of color pattern. Its
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS—COCHRAN 35
scales are much more mucrunate than is the case in other smaller ones,even the ventrals being angulate and bristling.Relationships.—As one might expect, the new form is very closelyrelated to the Cuban carinatus. The coloration is the most obviousdistinguishing feature, but close examination reveals the fact thatthe scale above the ear is usually prominent in the Acklins and CrookedIsland forms, while in the Cuban lizard it is seldom enlarged at all.The malar scales of the new subspecies are larger also, while the firsttwo pairs are especially well marked and nearly square in shape. TheCuban form has shorter anterior malars. The scales on the uppersurfaces of the limbs in the new form seem to be slightly smaller andless continuously keeled than in the Cuban lizard, although this featureis very difficult to express by scale counts. The similarities of the twoforms outweigh these minor differences, and it is perferable to bestowonly a trinomial on the new lizard until further study can be made ofthe typical carinatus from Cuba.LEIOCEPHALUS CUBENSIS (Gray)Tropidurus (Leiolacmiis) ciibcnsis Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. S, p. no, Apr.,1840.U.S.N.M. no. 75831 from El Salto de la Tinaga, Camagiiey Pro-vince, Cuba, August 28, 1928.LEIOCEPHALUS INAGUAE CochranLiocephalus sclireibersii (not of Gravenhorst) Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 20,p. no, 1888; extr. p. 10 (Inagua, Bahamas).—Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp.Zool., vol. 44, no. 2, p. 301 (part), 1914.Liocephalus sp. Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1894 (1895), p. 436(probably L. sclireibersii Great Inagua).Leiocephahts inaguae Cochran, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 21, no. 3,p. 38, Feb. 4, 1931.—Noble, Amer. Mus. Novit., 549, p. 18, Aug. 11, 1932.Since Garman concluded that the lizards from Inagua Island wereidentical with those from Hispaniola described by Gravenhorst asPristinotiis sclireibersii, no fresh material had come under the ob-servation of a student of West Indian herpetology until Dr. Bartschbrought back a large and well-preserved collection of Leiocephalifrom Inagua, an examination of which left no doubt whatever that thespecies merits full recognition and separation from the neighboringforms found on Hispaniola, Cuba, and the Bahama Islands.Diagnosis.—A distinct lateral fold ; four scales (an internasal andthree prefrontals) between the rostral and the supraorbital ring; thesecond prefrontal large and in contact with its fellow ; body scales3
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92
moderately large, 70 to 82 dorsals between occiput and beginning oftail, 16 to 20 in the distance between end of snout and occiput ; maleswith a row of large squarish black blotches on the shoulder region con-tinuing down the sides and fading out rapidly ; faint traces of twomore rows of squarish blotches on the back.Type.—U.S.N.M. no. 81277, an adult male from Man of War Bay,Great Inagua Island, collected on August 8, 1930.Description of the type.—Head shields large, slightly ridged ex-cepting those which border the rostral ; four scales (an internasal andthree prefrontals) in a line between the rostral and the beginning ofthe supraorbital ring ; prefrontals and internasals eml)racing a partlydiscontinuous medial series of three scales, the first small and nottouching the rostral ; prefrontals separated from the canthals by aseries of rather small scales ; two canthal scales, the second much thelarger, followed by four su^jerciliaries, the third the longest, the lasttwo rather small : seven bluntly ridged supraoculars, separated from thefrontals by a single row of keeled scales and from the superciliariesby two rows of scales except posteriorly where there is a single row
;
frontals moderate in size, mutually in contact along their entire innerborders ; occipital small, bordered on each side by two distinct parietals,the inner about half the size of the outer, which is about three timesthe size of the occipital ; a transverse series of about eight postparietalscales, smallest at the nape, enlarging and becoming ridged and tuber-cular laterally, the outermost one lying along the posterior border of theouter parietal and nearly as large as the occipital ; four upper and fivelower labials to a point below the center of the eye ; temporal scalesrather uniform in size, those above the ear not enlarged; anteriorborder of the ear with three unequal projecting scales, the longestreaching one-third of the distance across the tympanum ; dorsal scalesmoderately large, imbricate, mucronate ; laterals very much smallerthan the dorsals, the gradation in size being rather rapid; ventralsvery slightly smaller than the dorsals, smooth, their posterior bordersscarcely denticulate ; about 70 dorsal scales from the occiput to a pointdirectly above the vent ; about 16 dorsal scales equivalent to the distancefrom snout to occiput ; nuchal scales moderately small, those behindthe ear very minute and sharply tubercular ; those in the shoulderfolds keeled like the dorsals but small ; a distinct lateral fold present.The adpressed hind limb reaches to the anterior corner of the eye.Digits compressed, the fourth toe with 25 tricarinate lamellae. A verydistinct dorsal crest beginning at the occiput and continuing unbrokento the end of the tail, increasing slightly on the posterior part of thebody and highest on the distal half of the tail ; the caudal scales keeled
XO. 7 IIKRPETOI-OGICAL COLLECTIONS COCHRAN 3/
and niucronate ; no verticils ; tail compressed. The keels of the dorsalsand of the laterals are directed backward and slightly upward, so thatthe rows of scales converge slightly. There are about 20 longitudinalrows of dorsals across the b.-ick. A transverse series of six con-spicuously enlarged postanals in the male.Dimensions.—Snout to vent, 83 mm ; head to posterior ear, 22 mm ;tail, 142 mm ; fore leg, 7^/ mm ; hind leg, 75 mm ; width of head, 15 mm.Color {ill alcohol).—Body color olive-buft", the dorsal scales with ametallic greenish iridescence ; a lateral series of about nine large,rectangular black spots, beginning behind the ear and continuing toabove the groin, the posterior ones becoming much lighter ; those behindthe arm bordered above by traces of a scarlet vermilion stripe; fromthe lower borders of these spots issue narrow transverse bands of scar-let vermilion with pale blue scales scattered regularly in them ; thesetransverse bands becoming very light towards the center of the bellyand finally fading out ; traces of paired dark spots down the back
;
head immaculate above ; upper and lower labials with vertical pearl-gray markings on the sutures of the scales ; throat with longitudinalpearl-gra}' broken stripes, which become much darker on the sides ofthe neck and are nearly black beneath the ear ; fore legs faintly barredwith pearl-gray; hind legs irregularly barred with scarlet vermilion,pale blue and olive-buff; tail with faint widely spaced bars of palegray above, immaculate below. Posterior femur with a broad whitestripe bordered by scarlet vermilion above and below.Parafypes.—In addition to the specimen designated as the type, Ihave examined 13 paratypes from Great Tnagua Island, as follows:—
-
U.S.N.M. no. 81278, an adult female from Carmichael Point,August 7, 1930; no. 81256, a very young male from the same locality;no. 81279, an adult male from the center of Ocean Bight Bay; no.81280, an adult male from the northeast peninsula, August 6, 1930no. 81281, a young female from Northwest Point, August 8, 1930;and nos. 81282-4, an adult male and two young females from Mathew-town, August 9-10, 1930. I have likewise examined a fine series of fivemales, Mus. Comp. Zool. no. 6234 labeled simply " Inagua ". Theseare the specimens to which Garman erroneously applied the namesclireibersii.Variations.— In the series of 14 specimens, the canthals and pre-frontals do not touch in any instance. The supraocular plates varyfrom six to eight in number, six being unusual, eight fairly frequent,and seven the most frequent. There are always three prefrontals, thesecond of which is usually the largest. In one case the internasals aretransversely divided. The median snout scales are three to six in
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS C0LI,RCT10NS VOL. 92
number ; when more than three are present, it is usually because oneor more of the original scries has longitudinally divided. The first ofthe series are usually in contact, but the third is usually separatedfrom the second by the second prefrontals which are in contact. Thereare 70 to 82 dorsal scales between the occiput and the beginning of thetail, and from 16 to 20 dorsals in the distance from snout to theocciput. The adpressed hind leg reaches to the center of the eye or toits anterior corner in adults ; in the very young male it reaches nearlyto the nostril. The subdigital lamellae of the fourth toe number from25 to 29. The tail when perfect is about one and three-quarters timesthe length of the head and body.In coloration the variation between the sexes is at once apparent.The males have the very distinct square black patches on the shoulderregion, with a sudden diminution in the intensity of these blotches bothdorsally and posteriorly, so that they can hardly be discerned. Thefemales, on the contrary, lack the black color entirely, the four rows ofquadrangular blotches on back and sides being uniformly sepia, as arethe transverse latero-ventral stripes, which in the males are so hand-somely edged with scarlet vermilion. The very young male has abrilliant pattern of black blotches which appears even on the tail aswidely spaced bars ; on the middle of the back, however, the blotchesare already beginning to lose their intensity and fade out gradually.Dr. Noble has given additional notes on color and habits in his recentpaper.Relationships.—From the West Indian islands five species ofLelocephallis with a lateral fold have been described up to the presenttime. They are schreibersii and melanochlorus from Hispaniola,raviceps and macropus from Cuba, and loxogrmmmis from Rum Cayin the Bahamas. The new species from Great Inagua Island makes thesixth belonging to this group. It is intermediate in the size of itsscales between melanochlorus, the largest-scaled species, and the otherfour known species, all of which have rather small scales. In color-ation it suggests loxogrammus somewhat in the presence of the blackblotches on the sides of the neck, but otherwise the patterns are notalike. It is true that melanochlorus has four sets of blotches on backand sides, as does inaguae, but in adult males of the former speciesthose above the shoulder are not more prominent than those elsewhereon the body.The prefrontals of loxogrammus are vastly different from those ofthe new species—the prefrontals of loxogrammus being only two innumber, the posterior ones very large and elongate. Practically thissame arrangement is found in raviceps of Cuba. In macropus of
NO. 7 HERPEror.OGlCAI. ( OI.l.KCTIONS—COCHRAN 39Cul)a, and scJircibcrsii and mclanochlonts (jf Hispaniola, the pre-frontals, while three in number, are relatively small and uniform insize and as a rule are completely, or nearly completely, separated bythe median series of scales on the snout. In inaguae, the second pre-frontals are prominent, fairly large and usually in contact with eachother. LEIOCEPHALUS MACROPUS CopeLioccphahis macropus Cope, Proc. Acad. Sci. Philadelphia, 1S62, p. 184.U.S.N.M. nos. 81671-2 and no. 81674 were collected at Rio Puerco,Province of Oriente, Cuba, on August 29 and 30, 1930; no. 81680 atthe mouth of the Magdalena River in Oriente on August 29, 1930;nos. 81681-4 from Punta Icacos, Oriente Province, on August 30,1930; nos. 81688-9 from Cabo Cruz on August 31, 1930.
LEIOCEPHALUS PSAMMODROMUS BarbourLeioccplialtts pscuiimodroinus Barbour, Copeia, vol. 85, p. yz, 1920.Two series of almost topotypic lizards were collected in the TurksIsland Group—U.S.N.M. nos. 81303-28 from Long Cay, August i,1930 and nos. 81329-43 from Sand Cay, August 2, 1930.Several localities from the neighboring Caicos Group yielded thefollowing specimens: U.S.N.M. nos. 81384-7 from Fort George Cayon July 24, 1930; nos. 81388-92 from Stubb Cay, Fort George Group,on July 25, 1930; nos. 81393-6 from Water Cay, Fort George Group,on July 24, 1930; nos. 81397-8 from Pine Cay on July 24, 1930; nos.81399-409 from I-X)ng Cay near South Caicos on July 29, 1930; nos.81410-11 from Lorimer Creek on Grand Caicos on July 26, 1930; no.81412 from Sugar Loaf Island of the Providentiales Group on August4, 1930.On all the cays (Pine Cay, Water Cay, Fort George Cay) we found hzardsand wherever possible secured specimens. There is a ground species that partlycurls its tail, probably a relative of the curled tail lizard.LEIOCEPHALUS RAVICEPS CopeLiocephahis raviceps Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 183.As late as the publication of Barbour's " Herpetology of Cuba '' in1919, the scarcity of this species in collections made its distribution inCuba a matter of uncertainty. Since that date, however, the specieshas been collected rather ahtmdantly, and the following records of it
40 SM 11 HSO.MAN MlS(i:i.LA.\'i:OrS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92for this particular collection are: LJ.S.N.M. ihjs. S1652-3 from thenorth side of Guantananio Bay, Cuba, August 14, L930 ; nos. 81656-7from Macola Hill in Guantananio Province. Cuba, August 15, 1930;no. 81659 from Cusco Valley in Guantananio Province, Cuba, August16, 1930; nos. 817 13-4 from Cayo west of Cachiboca, Doce Leguas,Province of Camaguey, Cuba, September 8. 1930; and 81812-6 fromBoqueron, Cuba, August 19, 1930.The examination of the prefrontal scales makes this species rathereasy to tell apart from the other three members of the genus likewiseoccurring on Cuba. Leiocephaliis raviceps has two prefrontals be-tween the internasal and the supraorbital semicircle—the anteriorprefrontal small, the posterior considerably enlarged— while the otherCuban species have three more or less subequal prefrontals.LEIOCEPHALUS VARIUS GarmanUoccphahis varius Carman, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 24, p. 274, 1887.U.S.N.lXr. nos. 81750-3 from Grand Cayman, September 15 and 16,1930. TROPIDURUS TORQUATUS HISPIDUS (Spix)Aganui hispida Spix, Spec. Novae Lacert. Bras., p. 12, 1825.U.S.N.M. nos. 79205-10 from the hill east of Pampater, MargaritaIsland, September 8, 1929; no. 79228 from Los Robles, MargaritaIsland, same day. The scales of the hands and feet appear to beelongated into spines to a much greater extent in the Margarita Islandlizards than is the case in Venezuelan representatives, supposedlyof the same subspecies. A very thorough generic revision is necessarybefore deciding how much weight can be attached to such a characterin a genus sul)ject to considerable specific variations as to structureof scales. TROPIDODACTYLUS ONCA (O'Shaughnessy)Norops onca O'Shaughnessy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 4, vol. 15 p. 280, 1875.U.S.N.M. nos. 79226-7 from Los Robles, Margarita Island, Sep-tember 8, 1929.The larger of these two specimens has been compared with thetypes in the British Museum l)y H. W. Parker. He thinks that they arethe same, although he notes that in both type specimens the scales ofthe sides are subimbricate and rather more lanceolate than in theUnited States National Museum example.
NO. 7 hi:ki'KT()I.()(;uai. c (ji.i.ix tkjns—cocirKAN 41Family ANGUIDAECELESTUS SAGRAEI (Cocteau)Diploglossus sagrae Cocteau, in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept., p. 180, 1838.U.S N.M. no. 75840 from Senado, Camagiiey Province, Cuba,Septeniher 2, 1928. Family TEIIDAEAMEIVA AQUILINA GarmanAmeiva aqnUina Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 19, p. 3, 1887.U.S.N.M. nos. 791 1 1-2 from Petit Miistique Island, Grenadines,August 18, 1929; nos. 79147-9 from Frigate Island, Grenadines,August 22, 1929; nos. 79194-5 from IMineral Springs, northeastGrenada, August 27, 1929. In their " Revision of the Lizards of theGenus Ameiva " in 191 5, Barbour and Noble say regarding this speciesthat " it is probable that it also occurs in some of the Grenadines ".This prediction is justified by the first two records given above.Comparative measurements and scale counts of all these specimens,including three additional Grenada specimens in the national collection,have been made as follows
:
The two adults from Petit Mustique Island show a pattern ofrelatively large pale dorsal spots surrounded by a heavy black reticu-lation, while the adults from Frigate Islands have the pale spots some-what smaller and more sparsely scattered, and the black pigment isreduced to a narrow rim around the light spots and to some smallpatches between them and along the middle of the liack.Although the number of transverse rows of ventrals was given as14 by Garman, and this count was later repeated by Barbour and Noble,
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. ()2
I find only lo rows of uniform-sized scales flanked by a row of nuiclismaller scales at each side in most of the specimens before me.Dr. Bartsch gives the following note on living coloration of thePetit Mustique lizards
:
Punctations on sides greenish yellow ; head, etc., marbled with brown streaks.Throat gray. Belly bright peacock-blue, most intense on the under side of tail.Upper side of tail dark, variegated.AMEIVA AUBERI CocteauAmeiva auberi Cocteau, in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept., p. 74, 1838.Examples of this lizard are U.S.N.M. no. 81654 from the north sideof Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, obtained August 14, 1930; nos. 81665-7from Cusco Valley in the province of Guantanamo, Cuba, August 16,1930; no. 81678 from Rio Puerco in Oriente, Cuba, August 29, 1930;no. 81700 from Doce Leguas, cay at longitude 78° 33' W. on Sep-tember 7, 1930; nos. 81701-3 from the southeast end of Doce Leguas,Cuba, on the same date; 81704 from Doce Leguas on September 8,1930; nos. 81705-6 from Pilot Point on Anclitos Bay, Doce Leguas, onSeptember 9, 1930; no. 81707 from Caballones, Doce Leguas, on thesame day; nos. 81718-9 from Mathias Cays on September 22, 1930;no. 81766 from Cayo Avillon near Canapachi on September 21, 1930;no. 81821 from Boqueron, Cuba, on August 19, 1930.AMEIVA FUSCATA GarmanAmeiva fuscafa Gannan, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 19, p. S, 1887.U.S.N.M. no. 79023 from Danes, east of Portsmouth, Dominica,August 4, 1929; no. 79024 from the Botanic Gardens in Rousseau,Dominica, August 6, 1929.AMEIVA MAYNARDII MAYNARDII (Garman)Ameiva maymrdii Garman, Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 20, p. 10, 1888.Four lizards belonging to this species were taken from August 7to 10, 1930, on Great Inagua Island,—U.S.N.M. nos. 81271-2 fromMathewtown, and 81275-6 from Man of War Bay.The scale formulae for these lizards are very similar. The femoralpores vary between 10 and 14; the subdigital lamellae are 34 to 39;the tail at the fifteenth verticil has in every case 23 rows of scales ; thetransverse rows of ventrals number 33 to 35, and the longitudinal rowsare 8 in all cases.
NO. 7 HF.Kri;'K)l.(l(,U'.\l. (Ol.l.l.i-llOXS fOCllKAN 43AMEIVA MAYNARDII UNIFORMIS Noble and Klingel.Aiiick\i iiiayiuirdii vnifonnis Noble and Klingel, Ainer. Mus. Novit. no. 540,p. 23, 1932.U.S.N.M. nos. 81373-4 from the center of Ocean Bight Bay, August7, 1930, are referred to this subspecies. Tliey are a uniform dral>grayabove, slightly bluer on the limbs, and lightening to immaculate pearl-gray on the under parts. There are absolutely no traces of the threewide black stripes which characterize Carman's Anieiva tnaynardii.There are 12 femoral pores in both specimens of A. m. iinifonnis ; sub-digital lamellae 36 ; the tail at the 1 5th verticil with 20 and 22 scales re-spectively ; the transverse rows of ventrals 31 and 35, and thelongitudinal rows 8.AMEIVA PLEI Dum^ril and Bibron
.linciz'a plei Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 5, p. 114, 1839.U.S.N.M. nos. 78974-7 from St. Martin, July 22, 1929.AMEIVA THORACICA CopeAiiiciva thoracica Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 64.This lizard is represented by examples from the following places
:
U.S.N.M. nos. 81451-4 from Flamingo Cays of the Ragged IslandCroup, June 25, 1930; no. 81475 from Raccoon Cay of the RaggedIsland Croup, June 30, 1930; nos. 81497-8 from Crooked Island, July14, 1930. The three from Flamingo Cays are much lighter in color-ation than is the usual case, the black dorsolateral line being barely inevidence on the posterior part of the body, and not present at allanteriorly. Since the lizard from the not-far-distant Raccoon Caypresents an entirely normal style of coloration, and since there seems tobe no urgent reason for describing a subspecies from so few specimens,which likewise are considerably mutilated by the small shot used toobtain them, it is best to consider them as aberrant individuals.SCOLECOSAURUS ALLENI BarbourScolecosaiirus alleni Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Z06I., vol. 44, p. 315, 1914.U.S.N.M. no. 79190 from the Annandale Estate, Crenada, August25, 1929.CHEMIDOPHORUS MURINUS ARUBENSIS (Lidth de Jeude)Cncmidophorus arithcnsis Lidth de Teude, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 9, p. 132,1887.U.S.N.M. nos. 79323-5, 79327-31 from Aruba Island, September17, 1929. One of the original series, no. '/<)Z2(^^ ^^'^s sent to theMuseum of Comparative Zoology as an exchange.
44 SMITHSONIAN MlSCKLI.ANEOrS COLLECTIONS • VOL. 92CNEMIDOPHORUS MURINUS MURINUS (Laurenti)Scps Hiuriniis Laurenti, Synops. Kept., p. 63, 1768.U.S.N.M. nos. 79271-2 from a hill il miles west of Kralendijk,Bonaire Island, September 12; 79273-303 from Bonaire Island, Sep-tember 13-14, 1929; nos. 79304-14 from Curasao, September 16, 1929.CNEMIDOPHORUS LEMNISCATUS LEMNISCATUS (Linnaeus)Lacerta lemniscata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 209, 1758.U.S.N.M. nos. 79219-23 from Los Robles, Margarita Island, Sep-tember 8, 1929.CNEMIDOPHORUS LEMNISCATUS NIGRICOLOR (Peters)Cncniidophonts nigricolor Peters, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin, p. 76,1873-U.S.N.M. no. 79230 from Orchilla Island, September 10, 1929 ; nos.79232-54 from El Roque, September 11, 1929. Most of the adults ofthe latter series are dull black in color, either uniform or with minutewhite dots.The low trailing shrubbery on the beach south of the village [on the leewardside of El Roque Island] had many lizards of two kinds, or probably three:one sooty, one plain brownish, and one spotted. These, when followed, woulddive in the crab burrows for shelter and thus elude the pursuer.
Family AMPHISBAENIDAEAMPHISBAENA CUBANA PetersAmphishaciia cnhana Peters, Mon. Berlin Acad. Wiss., p. 780, 1878.U.S.N.M. no. 75861 from Santa Cruz Mountains in CamagiieyProvince, Cuba, September i, 1928.
Family SCINCIDAEMABUYA AENEA (Gray)
'I'iliqna acnca Gray, Griffith's Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, vol. 9, .Synops. Rcpt.,p. 70, 183 1.U.S.N.M. no. 79131, from Petit Martiniqtie, Grenadines, August21, 1929. This handsome specimen has the stipranasals separated, 28scale rows, and 54 scales from vent to chin.
NO. 7 llKUPETOLO(ilC'AI. COI.I.IXTIONS COCHRAN 45MABUYA SLOANII (Daudin)Scincus sloanci Daudin, Hist. Nat. Kept., vol. 4, p. 287, 180,^.A much mutilated lizard, IT.S.N.M. no. 81448, apparently of thisspecies was taken on West Caicos on August 4, 1930. Its coloration ismuch like that of the type of niticla from San Domingo described byGarman. The supranasals in nitida are barely in contact ; in the lizardfrom West Caicos they are slightly separated ; in the Puerto Ricanexamples of sloaiiii they are very broadly in contact. In the PuertoRican and Hispaniolan forms the first supraocular is very minute,while the second is very large indeed. The specimen from West Caicos,although badly damaged about the head, nevertheless shows a fairlylarge first supraocular and a correspondingly reduced second supra-ocular. In this specimen one pair of enlarged nuchal scales is present,with a trace of a second pair in some fused scales on one side of theneck. With so little material from Hispaniola, and with this singleinjured specimen from the Bahamas, it is best to let the name Mabuyasloanii cover these forms until more material has given a conclusivedecision about their status.Suborder SerpentesFamily BOIDAEEPICRATES ANGULIFER BibronEpicrates angulifer Bibron in R. de la Sagra's Hist. Cuba, Rept., p. 215, 1843.U.S.N.M. no. 75865, a shed skin of a snake of this species, was foundat La Caridad de Mendoza, Senado, Camagiiey Province, Cuba, on
.Sei)tember 2, 1928.BOA HORTULANA COOKII (Gray)Corallus cookii Gray, Zool. Misc., p. 42, 1842.For the two specimens, U.S.N.M. nos. 79097-8 from Quatres Island,Grenadines, taken Atigust 17, 1929, I adopt the name proposed byAmaral (Mem. Inst. Butantan, vol. 4, p. 143, 1929). A carefulinspection of scale coitnts of 29 West Indian examples of Boa appearsto establish the fact that the number of scale rows in this region liesbetween 39 and 47, with over half of the specimens having either 41or 43 scale rows. Those from the mainland appear to fall into twogroups, one having 43 to 47 scale rows, the other 51 to 55. These twogroups are found in separate geographical ranges, the first grotipoccurring in Venezuela, British Guiana and Colombia, the second inSurinam, Brazil and Peru. As an intergrading probably occurs wherethe ranges come together in the Guianas, subspecific names are desir-
46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 92
able for both forms. The name of the northern mainland form appearsto be applicable to the island species as well, since they do not seem tobe separable by any valid characteristic. No. 79097, a male, has 39scale rows, 260 ventrals, and 107 subcaudals ; no. 79098, a half-grownspecimen, has 39 scale rows, 258 ventrals, and 108 subcaudals.
.... The surprise, however, came when Pasqual came to me in consterna-tion, saying that he had seen a snake, so I hastened to the place and sureenough there was a slender black snake [see Drymobius hoddaertii, U.S.N.M.no. 79099]. Later I asked Pasqual to get me an orchid in a large tree somedistance above ground, and he almost fell off when he discovered another snakein the bunch of orchids. I could scarcely believe him, but handing him a stickhad him poke it out and sure enough a slender, beautifully colored animal slippedout and sped along the branch. My .22 game-getter stopped him, but his tailwas wound so tightly about a small limb that we had considerable troubleunwinding it. This species is evidently a splendid climber. Not 10 minuteslater Pasqual, peeping into a broken-off limb hollowed out by decay, came neara second tumble as he bounced back with an "Ave Maria—una utra calebra."He again poked him out and a shot from the .22 also dropped him. I hope wehave a pair. TROPIDOPHIS MACULATUS MACULATUS (Bibron)Leionotus macidatiis Bibron, in R. de la Sagra's Hist. Cuba, Rept., p. 212, 1840.U.S.N.M. no. 75826 from La Sierra, north of Vega Alta, SantaClara Province, August 14, 1928.TROPIDOPHIS MELANURUS (Schlegel)Boa melamira Schlegel, Ess. Phys. Serp., vol. 2, p. 399, 1837.U.S.N.M. no. 75828 from El Rinconada, Sierra Camagua, Cuba,August 27, 1928 ; no. 75839 from the Cubitas Mountains near Senado.Cuba, September 5, 1928 ; no. 76879 from Central Senado, CamagiieyProvince, Cuba, September 6, 1928.TROPIDOPHIS PARDALIS PARDALIS (Gundlach)Boa pardalis (part) Gundlach, Arch. Naturg., 1840, p. 359.A young snake attributed to this species is now U.S.N.M. no. 81536,from Double Headed Shot Cay of the Cay Sal Group taken on June20, 1930. There are 23 scales around the middle of the body, 157ventrals, a single anal, and 32 subcaudals.Family COLUBRIDAETRETANORHINUS VARIABILIS Dum^ril and BibronTretanorhinus variabilis Dumeril and Bibron, Erpet. Gen., vol. 7, p. 349, 1854.U.S.N.M. no. 75807 from Bancs San Vicente, Pinar del RioProvince, Cuba, June 21, 1928.
NO. 7 HERPETOLOGICAI- COrJ-KCTIOXS-—COCHRAN 47DRYMOBIUS BODDAERTII BODDAERTII (Sentzen)Coluber hoddacrtii Sentzen, Mej'er's Zool. Arch., vol. 2, p. 59, 1796.U.S.N.AI. no. 79225 from Lo.s Robles, Margarita Island, September8, 1929, has 17 scale rows, i8i vcntrals, a divided anal, 82 subcaudals,9 supralabials, oculars 1+2, temporals 2 + 2.DRYMOBIUS BODDAERTII BRUESI (Barbour)Alsophis briiesi Barbour, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 44, no. 2, p. 3:^7, 1914.U.S.N.M. no. 79099, a female from Ouatres Island, Grenadines,August 17, 1929; scales 17, ventrals 201, anal divided, caudals 125,supralabials 8, oculars i + 2, temporals 1+2.U.S.N.M. no. 79166, a male from Union Island, Grenadines, August20, 1929; scales 17, ventrals 2or, anal divided, caudals 125 + tip,supralabials 9, oculars 1+2, temporals i +i.U.S.N.M. no. 79161, a male from Caille Island, Grenadines, August24, 1929; scales 17, ventrals 197, anal divided, caudals 128, supra-labials 9. oculars i 4- 2 ; temporals 1 + 2.U.S.N.M. no. 79191, a female from the Annandale Estate, Gren-ada, August 25, 1929 ; scales 17, ventrals 199, anal divided, caudals 115,supralabials 9, oculars 1+2, temporals 1-I-2.U.S.N.M. no. 79193, a female from Baltazar, near the east coast ofGrenada, August 25, 1929 ; scales 17, ventrals 204, anal divided., caudals122, supralabials 9, oculars 1+2, temporals 1-I-2.This species, when found on the mainland, ordinarily has twoanterior temporals, and Barbour's original series of Alsophis bntesifrom near St. George's, Grenada, had " a large anterior temporalwith alrriost always a small scale intercalated above it, anteriorly ". Inall of the National Museum specimens listed above—three of themfrom the Grenadines and two from Grenada—there is but one anteriortemporal, and the intercalated small scale is lacking in every instance.ALSOPHIS ANGULIFER BibronAlsophis angulijer Bibron, in R. de la Sagra's Hist. Cuba, Rept., p. 222, 1840.U.S.N.M. no. 75830 from El Salto de la Tinaga, Camagiiey Prov-ince, Cuba, August 28, 1928.ALSOPHIS VUDII CopeAlsophis viidii Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 74.On Flamingo Cays of the Ragged Island Group a snake of thisspecies was collected on June 27, 1930, U.S.N.M. no. 81464. It has17 scale rows, 164 ventrals, a divided anal, 128 caudals, 8 upper labials,oculars 1-^2, temporals i-f-3. It seems to be a normal individual inevery way.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 9JLEIMADOPHIS ANDREAE Reinhardt and LiitkenLciiiiadophis andrcae Reinhardt and Liitken, Vid. Med. Nat. For. Kjubcnhavn,p. 214, 1862, (1863).U.S.N.M. no. 75808 from Banos San Vicente, Pinar del Rio Prov-ince, Cuba, June i, 1928 ; no. 75809 from Puerta del iVncon, Pinar delRio Province, Cuba, June 29, 1928; no. 75827 from ]\Iacomento delRio, Cuba, August 7, 1928 ; nos. 75844-5 from Rio San Juan, Pinar delRio Province, Cuba, June 9, 1928.LEIMADOPHIS JULIAE (Cope)Aporophis jiiliac Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 18, p. 274, 1879.A young individual, U.S.N.M. no. 79022 from Danes, east of Ports-mouth, Dominica, August 4, 1929. Its scale formula is: Scales 17,ventrals 156, anal divided, caudals 82, supralabials 8, oculars i-t-2,temporals i -|-4.A female, no. 79025 from the Botanic Gardens in Rousseau,Dominica, August 6. 1929, has the following scale count: Scales 17,ventrals 159. anal divided, caudals /S, supralabials 8, oculars i 4- 2,temporals i +2. RHINOSTOMA GUIANENSE (Troschel)Heterodon (jii-iaJiriisis Troschel in Schomb. Reise Brit. Guiana, vol. 3, p. 653,1848.U.S.N.M. no. 79224 from Los Robles, Margarita Island, September8, 1929. This appears to be the first insular record for this species.The specimen in hand has 19 scale rows ; 191 ventrals ; anal undivided
;
subcaudals 51 + , the tail tip being defective ; temporals 2-I-3.Subclass SynapsidaOrder TESTUDINATAFamily TESTUDINIDAETESTUDO TABULATA WalbaumTcstndo fahiilata Walbaum, Chelonogr., p. 122, 1782.Unfortunately no example of this species reached the United StatesNati(inal AIuseunL As to its occurrence on two of the Grenadines, I(juote the field notes made by Dr. Bartsch :Au(/. 17, 1929. Qnafres Id., off Cheltenham On returning, the pilot toldus that there were land tortoises here and an enquiry brought three to me on ourreturn, large clumsy beasts, for which I paid 50 cents Aug. 18, 1939.West side of Baliceatix Id I was greatly surprised to find here manyof the land tortoises. I turned over half a dozen large ones, hoping to find thoniupon our downward trip, but we didn't. They had righted themselves and takenshelter in the grass tufts or shrubbery. y\s it was, we carried five aboard.