THE HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS MADE BY DR.HUGH M. SMITH IN SIAM FROM 1923 TO 1929 By Doris M. CochranAssistant Curator, Division of Reptiles and Batrachians For a number of years the United States National Museum hasbeen the fortunate recipient of rather extensive collections fromsoutheastern Asia. Dr. W. L. Abbott began work in this regionwhile its fauna was still relatively unkno^vn, the remarkable collectionsmade by him in the islands of Malaysia as well as on the mainlanditself still yielding valuable material for study purposes. Othercollectors have augmented this material, and recognition of thepossibilities of the zoologic study of this region has been manifestedby various museums.Most of Doctor Abbott's reptiles and amphibians were taken inTrong, Peninsular Siam. Our series of specimens from the northernpart of Siam was very limited until the time when Dr. Hugh M.Smith, formerly Chief of the Bureau of Fisheries at Washington,D. C, went to Bangkok to assume control of the development offisheries resources for the kingdom of Siam. Since 1923 we havebeen receiving large and varied shipments of excellently preservedbiological specimens from Doctor Smith, from which some newspecies have already been described. A complete list of the specimenswhich he has sent to the United States National Museum from 1923through 1929 has been prepared, and it is hoped that new localityrecords will stimulate further work by various collectors in regionsonly partly explored at the present time. The letter S preceding abracketed number indicates the collector's number given to the speci-men by Doctor Smith in the field. Original references are given tospecies described since 1912, the date of Boulenger's "Fauna of theMalay Peninsula."No. 2834.?Proceedings U.S. National Museum, Vol. 77, Art. 11.94383?30 1 1 2 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MtTSEtJM vot. 77AMPHIBIASALIENTIAOXYDOZYGA LIMA (Tschndi)U.S.N.M.67274 Bandon Sept. 17, 1923.67277, Juvenal Tale Noi Oct. 8, 1923.67305-6 Sikut River, Ban Pan Nov. 25, 1923.67307 Pasak River Dec. 10, 1923.67311-3 Lem Sing Jan. 12, 1924.70040 (S2245) Bangkok Nov. 7, 1925.70136-8 Nong Mong, Krabin Aug. 4-Sept. 1, 1925.70186 Lam Tong Lang July, 1925.70379-80 Korat Aug. 7, 1924.72200-5 Raheng Oct. 17, 1926.72249(82828) Nakon Sawan Oct. 12, 1926.72267-8 Bangson, near Chumporn... October, 1926 (R. Hav-moUer, collector).75475-8 (S3513 part) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 1, 1927.75629 Srakeo, near Krabin May 10, 1928.75650-2 (S3693-5) Bangkok Apr. 25, 1928.76016 Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.marat.76861-3 Chombong Nov. 29, 1928.[Called "kiet"?the noise made by it.?H. M. S.]OXYDOZYGA MARTENSH (Peters)U.S.N.M.67299 Sikut River Nov. 15, 1923.70075-8 Bangkok Aug. 8, 1925.70131-3 Ban Sadet May 30, 1925.70181 Pak Jong May 16, 1925.70187-8 -_ Lam Tong Lang July, 1925.72115 Bangkok Aug. 5, 1926.72196-9 Raheng Oct. 17, 1926.72675-6 Siam [Labellost.?H. M.S.]72677-9 Nong Khor Feb. 7, 1927.75611 Prachin June 6, 1928.76015 Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.marat.76831 (S4058) Kao Seming Oct. 17, 1928.76860 Chombong Nov. 29, 1928.No. 72115 was taken from the stomach of a snake, U.S.N.M. No.72072, Matrix suhminiata.RANA ERYTHRAEA (Schlegel)U.S.N.M.67243-5 Bangpakong River July 2, 1923.67254 Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.67278-9 Tale Noi Oct. 8, 1923.67469 (S558) Koh Si Koh Ha, Tale Sap__ Oct. 7, 1923.67470(8639) Nakon River Oct. 19, 1923. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SUM?COCHRAN 3U.S.N.M.70051-73 (S2036, S2041, Bangkok July 30-Sept. 23, 1925.S2114).72100-111 (S2893) do June 11, 1926.72182 Tale Noi Oct. 8, 1923.72266, Juvenal Bangson, near Chumporn... October, 1926 (R. Hav-moUer) . 72661, Juvenal Nong Khor Feb. 7, 1927.75601-6 (S3773-8) Bangpli, Samrong Canal June 2, 1928.75658-60 (S3738-9, Bangkok May 18-June 19, 1928.S3794).76009-10 Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.marat.76081-2 (S3889-90) Ban Lem Ngao July 15, 1928.The young specimen, 72661 , from Nong Khor has a narrower tibisand shorter webs than the other specimens hsted here. The speci-men from Bangson, 72266, can not be positively identified because of/its poor preservation and its small size.RANA ALTICOLA BonlengerU.S.N.M.72261 S. E. of Tung Song October, 1926.This species is represented by 19 tadpoles collected by R. Havmollerin a waterfall stream two hours' journey southeast of Tung Song,The tadpole with the light circle on the tail, its black color, and itslarge size is not to be mistaken.RANA RUGULOSA WiegmannThis common species of frog has been collected in various regions byDr. Hugh M. Smith, as in Bangkok, Nong Khor, Nong Mong, Pak-aampo, Nakon Sawan, Nong Ri, Prachin, Srakeo, Kanburi, andPichit. RANA LIMNOCHARIS GravenhorstThis species seems to be met with wherever there are streams orponds. As rice fields are found throughout this region, there is everyopportunity for these frogs to breed and multiply, in spite of theirnumerous enemies. They have been collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smithin the Bangpakong River, Rajaburi, Chao Phya, Nontaburi, Bandon^Tale Noi, Sikut River, Pasak River, Bangkok, Nong Khor, NongMong, Raheng, Bangson, Nong Ri, Bangpli, Prachin, Srakeo, HuaVieng, Sao Tong, Ban Chai Montri on the Klong Tadi, Ban Ta Yai,Ban Prakien, Pichit, and on Koh Samui in the Gulf of Siam. Mr. R,Havmoller has found it at Angkor, Cambodia.RANA CANCRIVORA GravenhorstU.S.N.M.67466-7 (S582-3) Tale Noi village.. Oct. 8, 1923.67468 (S677) Pak Nakara Oct. 20, 1923.72213-7 (S2668, 2671-4). Lem Sing June 11, 1926 [PadSfields].76827(84047), Juvenal... Kao Seming Oct. 11, 1928. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF TME NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77The left foot of No. 67467 shows a peculiar malformation which Ihave never seen before. The three outer toes are quite normal, butthe inner two toes are about equal in length and are grown togetheralmost to the tips. At half their length they turn sharply inwards atright angles and finally point directly backwards toward the heel.The other foot of this individual is normal.RANA NIGEOVITTATA (BIyth)U.S.N.M.70183 Pak Jong May 16, 1925.72156(82399) Koh Chang Jan. 6, 1926.75593-600 (S3765-72) __ . Pran River, Peninsular Siam. May 25, 1928.76846(84136) Doi Angka Dec. 8, 1928.EANA KOHCHANGAE SmithRana kohchangae Smith, Journ. Nat. Hist. 8oc. Siam, vol. 4, 1922, p. 223,pi. 9, fig. 5.U.S.N.M.72157-60 Koh Chang Jan. 7, 1926.Although these are all very young frogs wliich have not long com-pleted their metamorphosis, they evidently are referable to this speciesof large-headed frog which Dr. Malcolm Smith has recently describedfrom Koh Chang. KANA LATERALIS BoulengerU.S.N.M.70165-72 (82170-1, Nong Mong Aug. 20-Sept. 1, 1925.82 185-7, 82194).70189-200, Juvenal Lam Tong Lang July, 1925.75522-3 (83507-8) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 1, 1927.One of the most interesting finds was the discovery of this ratherrare species at Nong Mong, Lam Tong Lang, and Nong Ki.The diagonal glands on the back are plainly visible in fully halfof the 20 specimens. The glands always run from the left shouldertoward the right hip, and are frequently emphasized by a blackpigment accompanying them. The age of the individual seems tohave nothing to do with the development of these diagonal glands, forsome of the largest as well as some of the smallest ones are quitesmooth, while some show very distinct diagonal ridges.EANA UMBORGH SclaterU.S.N.M.67320, adult Siam Spring of 1924.67321-3, Juvenal do Do.67324, tadpoles do Do.One adult male and three very young frogs and some tadpolesbelonging to this species have been collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smithin Siam, but unfortunately the exact locality record did not accom-pany the specimens. The adult (No. 67320) measures 33 m. in length,which is exactly the same as one of Boulenger's specimens cited in ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN ?Kecords of the Indian Museum/ This frog talKes in every pointwith Boulenger's summary of the species with one exception?thelast three phalanges of the fourth toe are said to be free of any w^eb,while in No. 67320 there is a narrow but distinct fringe of webbingalong the toe nearly to the terminal disk.The three young frogs (67321, 67322, and 67323) have evidentlyonly just metamorphosed from the tadpole stage, and measure 12mm., 10 mm., and 9 mm., respectively. In the largest of these theweb on the fourth toe may be plainly seen to extend nearly to theterminal disk, although it becomes very narrow. A vial of tadpolesaccompanies these frogs, probably belonging to the same species.EANA MACRODACTYLA (Giinther)U.S.N.M.72262 Bangson, near Chumporn.. October, 1926.This frog was collected by Mr. R. Havmoller.RANA MACRODON (Dumeril and Bibron)U.S.N.M.76064(83853) Ban Kiriwong July 10, 1928.["Kob." Back olive, with black spots.?H. M. S.]RANA CHALCONOTA (Schlege!)U.S.N.M.76118 (S3928) Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 17, 1928.marat.RANA LATOPALMATA BoulengerU.S.N.M.76844-5 (S4134-5) Doi Angka Dec. 8, 1928.This is the first Siamese record for this species.POLYPEDATES LEUCOMYSTAX (Gravenhorst)U.S.N.M.67250 Rajaburi July 30, 1923.67256 Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.67465 (S599) Bandon 1922 (R. Havmoller).70074 Bangkok Aug. 7, 1923.70134 Ban Sadet May 30, 1925.70139 Nong Mong, Krabin Aug. 22, 1925.70140 do Aug. 23, 1925.70179-80(81962-3) Pak Jong May 18, 1925.70182 do May 16, 1925.70203 (tadpoles) Bangkok Aug. 4, 1926.72118-31 (82364, 82745, do May 22-Dec. 9, 1926.82762, 82767-9, 82772-482808-11, 82898).72294 (82947) Koh Tao Dec. 29, 1926.72310(82953) Bandon Jan. 6, 1927.75525-45 (83511) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok__. June 1, 1927.75630-1 (83727-8) Srakeo, near Krabin May 10, 1928.75647 (83635) Kanburi Apr. 16, 1928.75661-2 (83692, 83796). _. Bangkok Apr. 25-June 23, 1928.76836(84102) Lampang Nov. 17, 1928. ? Vol. 20, 1920, p. 57. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77The tadpoles 70203 are in all stages, from the very small ones upto one which already has the fore and hind legs but with the tail stillunabsorbed. PHILAUTUS NONGKHORENSIS CochranPhilautus nongkhorensis Cochran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec.2, 1927, p. 179.U.S.N.M.70099-107 Nong Khor Oct. 4-5, 1925.70108 (type) do Oct. 5, 1925.PHILAUTUS HANSENAE CochranPhilautus hansenae Cochran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,1927, p. 181.U.S.N.M.70109, male adult (type). Nong Khor Oct. 4, 1925.70110-6 do Oct. 4-5, 1925.70135, female adult Ban Sadet May 30, 1925MICROHYLA PULCHRA (Hallowell)U.S.N.M.70378 Nong Mong Aug. 20, 1925.75459-60 (S3513 part).__ Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 1, 1927.MICROHYLA BUTLERI BoulengerU.S.N.M.70381 Nong Khor Sept. 27, 1925.72670-3 Siam Label lost.?H. M.S.MICROHYLA ACHATINA (Boie)U.S.N.M.70050 Bangkok Aug. 8, 1925.70129 Nong Khor Oct. 4, 1925.70382-5 do Sept. 27, 1925.72295-306 Koh Tao Dec. 29, 1926.72665-7 Bangkok Aug. 7, 1926.72668-9 Siam Label lost.?H. M.S.75472-4 (S3513 part) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 1, 1928.75587 Pran May 25, 1928.76139 Koh Tao Sept. 20, 1928.Regarding the Koh Tao specimens, the collector notes that theyare found "in jungle near water. Back light gray-green with brownmarkings. A black lateral streak. Very noisy at night."MICROHYLA BERDMOREI (Blyth)U.S.N.M.70092 (S2161) Nong Khor Oct. 1, 1925.72132 (S2328) ^_ Pak Jong Nov. 15, 1925.72663 ^ Nong Khor Feb. 7, 1927.72664 (S3087) Ronpibun January, 1927.The specimen from Ronpibun was collected by Mr. R. Havmoller.The Pak Jong frog on which I based my description of MicrohylamalcolmP is said by Mr. Parker to be an aberrant individual of s Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2, 1927. AET. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN /M. berdmorei (see H. W. Parker, The Brevicipitid Frogs of the GenusMicrohyla."^ MICROHYLA ORNATA (Dumeril and Bibron)U.S.N.M.67238 Bangkok June 15, 1923.67297-8-- Sikut River Nov. 15, 1923.70041-50 Bangkok Aug. 8, 1925.70079-80 do Aug. 6, 1925.70094-98 Nong Khor Oct. 5, 1925.70118-28 do Oct. 4, 1925.70174-5 Nong Mong Sept. 1, 1925.70184-5 PakJong May 16-18, 1925.70202, many tadpoles Bangkok Aug. 4, 1925.70386-9 Nong Khor Sept. 27, 1925.72254r-60 Angkor Wat, Cambodia.- Jan. 12, 1926.75461-71 (S3513 part)._- Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok.- June 1, 1927..75626-8 Srakeo, near Krabin May 10, 1928.76014 Tadi Stream, Nakon Srita- July 7, 1928.marat.The numerous tadpoles from Bangkok recorded under U.S.N.M.70202, while fairly transparent, are a dusky grayish color, and even inalcohol show evidence of a purplish iridescence beneath. This bearsout Dr. Malcolm Smith's observation * that "the transparent tadpoleof Microhyla ornata, as described by Stanley Flower, is by no meansalways colorless but can assume quite a respectable shade of gray-brown." These tadpoles are not in a very advanced stage of develop-ment, for in only a few cases do they have the hind legs, while nonehave the fore legs. KALOULA PULCHRA GrayU.S.N.M.67246 Bangkok July 14, 1923.67309 Pasak River Dec. 10, 1923.67325 (S31) Bangkok July 7, 1923.Bathroom of HotelRoyal.?H. M. S.70032-9 (S2048-55) do Aug. 6, 1925.70090 (S2159) Nong Khor Oct. 1, 1925.70173 (S2103) Nong Mong Sept. 3, 1925.70201 (S2246) Bangkok Nov. 7, 1925.72112 (S2821) do Sept. 8, 1926.Dr. Hugh M. Smith's yard.72155 (S2400) Koh Chang Jan. 11, 1926.72186(82835) Paknampo Oct. 13, 1926.75524 (S3514) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok-. June 1, 1927.75586 (S3764) Pran May 25, 1928.75642-3 (S3630-1) Kanburi Apr. 15, 1928.75663-9 (S3673, S3690, Bangkok Apr. 22-28, 1928.S3703-7).76098 (S3912) Pichit Aug. 8, 1928.76125 (S3940) Bangkok Aug. 24, 1928. 8 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, vol. 2, November, 1928, p. 481. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, June, 1916, p. 38. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77[Called "ung-arng"?the noise made by the creature during rains. ? H. M. S.] CALLUELLA GUTTULATA (Blyth)U.S.N.M.70093 Nong Khor Oct. 5, 1925.70117 do Do.70176-7 Nong Mong Aug. 30, 1925.70178, tadpole do Aug. 22, 1925.GLYPHOGLOSSUS MOLOSSUS GuntherU.S.N.M.72210-1 (S2500-1) Sikiu, near Korat Feb. 25, 1926.BUFO MELANOSTICTUS SchneiderU.S.N.M.67235-6 Bangkok June 8, 1923.67257 Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.67463 (S557) Koh Si Koh Ha, Tale Sap_. Oct. 7, 1923.67464(8579) Tale Noi village 1922 (R. Havmoller).70087-9 (S2197-9) Bangkok Oct. 15, 1923.72116-7 do Nov. 11, 1926.72194(82841) Raheng Oct. 12, 1926.72218-9 (S2665-6) Lem Sing June 11, 1926.72250(82346) Bangkok Dec. 16, 1925.72251 (82389) Angkor, Cambodia Jan. 12, 1926.75588-90--. Pran May 25, 1928.75670-8 (83687-9, 3691, Bangkok Apr. 25-28, 1928.3698-3702).76027(83826) Ban Ta Yai July 9, 1928.76096-7(83910-1) Pichit Aug. 8, 1928.72116-7. These two young toads were taken from the stomach of a snake,U.S.N.M. No. 72067, Holarchus cyclurus.[Siamese name "kang ( = chin) kok ( = hit or knock)." A popularSiamese belief is that this toad may knock a person's bare foot withits lower jaw and make a poisonous M^ound, like a ringworm, with itsmilky mucus. The wound may be treated with scraped humanfinger-nails applied with water.?H. M. S.]BUFO MACROTIS BoulengerU.S.N.M.75546-83 (83509) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 1, 1927.BUFO PARVUS BoulengerU.S.N.M.76120 (S3926) Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 16, 1928.marat.BUFO ASPER GravenhorstU.S.N.M.72680 (83089), Juvenal. __ Ronpibun ._ Jan. 1927 (R. Havmol-ler).76037 (83831) Ban Mor July 9, 1928.76065-7(83848-9,83866). Ban Kiriwong July 10, 1928.76078-9 (83875-6) Ban Hui Ta July 12, 1928.76119 (83921), juvenal... Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15, 1928.marat. ART. n HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 9APODAICHTHYOPHIS GLUTINOSUS LinnaeusU.S.N.M.67258-60. _? Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.70029-31 (S1975, S2218, Bangkok June 9-Oct. 30, 1925.S2238).71680 do Dec. 16, 1925.72132-3 (S2820, S2895) do Sept. 8-Dec. 7, 1926.72293 (S2932) Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 1, 1927.75679(83491) Bangkok Aug. 4, 1927.76138 (S3981) Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Sept. 18, 1928.The presence or absence of a j^ellowish lateral stripe, used as adistinguishing character to separate glutinosus from monochrous,seems to be an unsatisfactory character. In a series of three speci-mens, Nos. 70670-2 from Kepahiang, Sumatra, the proportions ofthe head and the dentition show the three to be true monochrous; oneof them, however, has a light lateral band along the side, while theother two have no trace of such a band. Another series of fourspecimens, Nos. 70666-9 fx'om Kaba Wetan, Sumatra, are monochrouswithout any lateral stripe. A single specimen from North PagiIsland, near Sumatra, No. 31701, has the head proportions and thedentition of monochrous but has a very distinct yellow stripe down thesides. While this stripe may thus be present or absent in monochrous,it is constantly present in the fourteen specimens of glutinosus whichI have examined?2 from Ceylon, Nos. 5895 and 58751, as well as the12 from Siam listed above. The adult female, No. 70029, measures312 mm. in length and is distended with about 50 eggs, which measurebetv/een 6 and 7 mm. in diameter. No. 76138 was found under adecaying log in deep jungle. LORICATACKOCODYLUS SIAMENSIS SchneiderU.S.N.M.76089 (S3906) Bung Borapet Aug. 7, 1928.[This species is common throughout Central Siam and in certainlocalities abundant. The place where this young was caught, BungBorapet, formerly had more than at present. The Minister ofAgriculture and the Director-General of the Royal Irrigation Depart-ment, both very familiar with this extensive lake-swamp, report largecrocodiles as having been taken here in the past, and both know of askull 1 m. long from a specimen about 7 m. long. The usual size,however, is much smaller. Four crocodile eggs from this swamp onAugust 8, 1928 measured 8.7 by 5.3 cm.; 8.5 by 5.4 cm.; 8.2 by 5.294383?30 2 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MtrSEUM vol.77 cm.; and 8.2 by 5.2 cm. They were brought to Bangkok and beganto hatch August 31.?H. M. S.]CROCODYLUS POROSUS SchneiderU.S.N.M.67735 Bandon (Tapi) River Jan. 15, 1922, skull.67736 Inland Sea. August 1923, skuU.72730-6 (S1424, S1478, Nakon Sritamarat Sept. 27-Oct. 8, 1926,S1406, S1404, S1377, skins.S1482, S1371).The first two on this list were collected by Mr. R. Havmoller. Thelength of 67735 was 10 feet 6 inches, while 67736 measured 9 feet 8inches. I Dr. Hugh M. Smith notes that they were literal "man-eaters."[Bung Sifai, southwest of Pichit, Central Siam, visited August 10,1928. The swamp, about 4,000 rai in area (1 rai = 1,600 squaremeters) was said to have 1,000 crocodiles less numerous than 20 yearsago, as the extension of lotus growing in this swamp drives the croco-diles to other bungs where there is no cultivation. No crocodiles arekilled here.?H. M. S.] SAURIAGONATODES SIAMENSIS SmithGonatodes siamensis Smith, Sarawak Mus. Journ., vol. 3, pt. 1, no. 8, 1925,p. 21.U.S.N.M.70250 Ban Sadet May 30, 1925.76142-4 Koh Tao _ Sept. 18, 1928.PHYLLODACTYLUS SIAMENSIS BoulengerU.S.N.M.76145 KohTao... _. Sept. 18, 1928.HEMIDACTYLUS FRENATUS Duineril and BibronU.S.N.M.67262 Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.70274, iuvenal--___ Siam 1925.72269 (S2943) Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 1, 1927.72311-3 (S2950-2) Bandon Jan. 6, 1927.72682 Bangkok Jan. 21, 1927.76007 Nakon Sritamarat July 4, 1928.76024 (S3824) Ban Ta Yai July 8, 1928.76095 (S3938) Pichit Aug. 8, 1928.76140 KohTao Sept. 18, 1928.76840(84116) Chiengmai Nov. 28, 1928. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 11COSYMBOTUS PLATYUEUS (Schneider)U.S.N.M.67253 Nontaburi Aug. 20, 1923.67261 Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.72181 Tale Noi Oct. 8, 1923.72683-700 Bangkok Jan. 21, 1927.76004-5 Nakon Sritamarat July 4, 1928.76088(83905) Langsuen July 24, 1928.76834(84057) . Kao 8eming Oct. 17, 1928.No. 72700 is a young lizard with two distinct heads, the extra onegrowing from where the right shoulder should normally be.PTYCHOZOON HORSFIELDn (Gray)U.S.N.M.76073(83933) Ban Hui Ta July 12, 1928.["Tok tao." Very broad tail. Found in a mangosteen tree. Notcommon. According to local people, if this lizard goes into a houseit brings good luck.?H. M. S.jGEKKO GECKO (Linnaeus)U.S.N.M.67310 Pasak River Dec. 10, 1923.72078-9 (82512, 82907). _ Bangkok Mar. 13-Dec. 23, 1926,72192(82551) Rajaburi Apr. 10, 1926.72701(83124) Pak Jong Mar. 20, 1927.75454 (83515) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 7, 1927.76040 (83856) Ban Kiriwong -__July 11, 1928.PEROPUS MUTILATUS (Wiegmann)U.S.N.M.72270-2 (82944-6) Koh Tao, Gulf of 8iam Jan. 1, 1927.76006 - -. Nakon 8ritamarat July 4, 1928.76141 Koh Tao 8ept. 18, 1928.DRACO MACULATUS GrayU.S.N.M.67315-8 Koh Chang Apr. 5, 1924.67477-8(8938-9) do Mar. 31, 1924.67479 (8598) Bandon 1922 (R. Havmoller).DRACO QUINQUEFASCIATUS GrayU.S.N.M.72245 (82748), adult male.. Bangnara July 14, 1926.A color description by Dr. Hugh M. Smith denotes that the gularflap was green; the wings were yellow and black, mth white spots inthe black. DRACO PIMBRIATUS KuhlU.S.N.M.72235 (82748), adult female. Bangnara July 10, 1926.72236 (82747), adult male do July 14, 1926.The gular flaps of both lizards were red in life. 12 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77DRACO VOLANS LinnaeusU.S.N.M.72237-44 (S2749-50, S2752-7)_ Bangnara July 15-21, 1926.76059-60 (S3839, S3861) Ban Kiriwong July 10-11, 1928.76104-5 (S3920, S3918) Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15, 1928.marat.[76059. "Pung-ka-peek." Above rich gray-green with black spots;gular flap blue-green; wings above black with orange spots, belowyellow-green with black bars; belly, gray-green, post-ventral regionpurplish.?H. M. S.][76060. Back gray with pairs of black spots on middle; a blackspot on nape, another on top of head; gular region pale blue-greenwith black spots; wings above black with orange spots, the margingray, below yellow-green, with black bands; belly pale yellow-green,brighter on median line. Shot from coconut tree, a favorite hauntfor these creatures.?H. M. S.lDRACO MELANOPOGON BoulengerU.S.N.M.76105-9 (S3918, S3917, Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15-16, 1928.S3919, S3922-3). marat.DRACO BLANFOROn BomlengerU.S.N.M.76110-4 (S3916, S3927, Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 15-20, 1928.S3929-31). marat.DRACO TAENIOPTERUS GiintherU.S.N.M.70266(81950) Pak Jong May 18, 1925.76051-8 (S3838, S3842-3, Ban Kiriwong July 10-11, 1928.S3863, S3868).[76052. "Pung-ka-peek." Like 76051. Above grayish-green, withdark green mottlings; wings above bright yellow-green with blackbands, a broad maroon distal band, below yellow-green; gular flapyellow, lateral flaps bright maroon below; belly pale yellow-green. ? H. M. S.] ACANTHOSAUKA AEMATA (Gray)U.S.N.M.70241 (S2157) Nong Khor Oct. 1, 1925.70245-7(81967-9) Ban Sadet May 28, 1925.70256(82195) Nong Mong Aug. 27, 1925.70260 Lam Tong Lang July, 1925.70269 Pak Jong May 18, 1925.72143(82544) Nong Khor Mar. 25, 1926.Dr. Malcolm Smith has united crucigera with armata on the strengthof a large series from Nakon Sritamarat, in which all gradations inthe length of nuchal and postorbital spines could be observed. I hadfound the same great variation in some of Dr. W. L. Abbott's Malayancollections and had reached the conclusion that crucigera was not adistinct species, although I had no very large series from a single place. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 13CALOTES VERSICOLOR (Dawdin)Examples of this species, too numerous to be listed individually,have been taken at the following localities: Kajaburi, Nontaburi,Taluei Island, Tale Noi village, Bangkok, Nong Khor, Ban Sadet,Pak Jong, Tha Chang, Sikiu, Bangnara, Bandon, Kanburi, NakonSritamarat, Ban Chai Montri, and Ban Prakien.CALOTES MYSTACEUS Dumgril and BibronU.S.N.M.70267(81957) Pak Jong May 18, 1925.72165 (S2616).-. do May 10, 1926.72178-9 (S2814-5) Bang Suk, near Pak Jong_. Aug. 18-19, 1926.72209 (S2505) Sikiu, near Korat Feb. 28, 1926.72704(83125) Pak Jong Mar. 20, 1927.72705 (83126) Tha Chang, near Pak Jong. Do.75637-8 (83626-7) Kanburi Apr. 11, 1928.76093-4(3908-9) Pichit Aug. 8, 1928.70267. The coloration of this adult male in alcohol is as follows:A broad whitish band beginning beneath the nostril, extending andwidening along the upper labials, passing across the tympanum,and ending above the shoulder, where it merges with the reddishdorsal blotches; head and throat deep blue-black above and belowthis white band. This specimen has a very large gular sac, which isalso blue-black in color.[76093. "Kingka." Throat blue; ear area yellow; blotches onback reddish brown.?H. M. S.][76094. Throat bright blue; a yellow stripe from snout to shoulder;tail black-barred.?H. M. S.]CALOTES EMMA GrayU.S.N.M.67480-2 (8944, 8949, Koh Chang Mar. 31-Apr. 3, 1924.8951).70251(82095) Nong Mong Aug. 22, 1925.70268(81958) Pak Jong May 18, 1925.72162 (82397) Koh Chang Jan. 8, 1926.76025(83825) Ban Ta Yai July 8, 1928.76030-2(83827-9) Ban Tadi July 9, 1928.76033-6(83832-5) Ban Mor Do.76042-50(83836-7,83841, Ban Kiriwong July 11, 1928.83858-60,83862,83864-5).76072 (83874) Ban Hui Ta July 12, 1928.76085 Ban Prakien July 16, 1928.76837-8 (84094, 84104).- Lampang Nov. 17-18, 1928.Nearly as plentiful as versicolor in some places, this lizard is notfound at Bangkok, and consequently does not appear so often in col-lections having their main source at the imperial city of Siam.["Kingka." This lizard very common in Ban Mor. Small boysbrought many specimens. The general color is pale green with rich 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77brown-red markings. 76025: Sides black, brown, and old gold.76045: Light green with a cream-color lateral stripe and pairs ofblack spots above and below the stripe; these spots continued alsoon tail; sides rich green; throat greenish white, each scale with avelvety, black base; belly white; a rounded black spot on side ofthroat anterior to leg. 76047: Green with black crossbands; cross-bands on tail brown; a black band through eye; top of head and lipsbright green; throat dead black; entire belly and inside of thighsdusky to black. 76048: Back reddish brown with black spots thatform loops on middle of back; black blotches on sides; side of headgreenish yellow with two black stripes above; a black spot on side ofthroat; throat and entire under parts dirty white with dull blackmarkings. 76049 : Bright green with narrow dark crossbands; a graylongitudinal stripe along upper part of side; a black spot on side ofneck; top of head and lips pale green; a black stripe through eye;five radiating black lines above eye; throat and breast creamy withblack lines; belly dirty white. 76050: A large green form withbrownish-red blotches. 76072: Very pale green with maroon mark-ings; throat white with black lines; belly mottled brown.?H. M. S.]LEIOLEPIS BELLIANA (Gray)U.S.N.M.67471-5 (S940, S943, S945, Koh Chang Mar. 31-Apr. 1, 1924.S948, S950).67476 (S1040) Lem Sing Jan. 13, 1924.70261-5 (S1952-6) Pak Jong May 18, 1925.72206 (S2503) Sikiu, near Korat Feb. 27, 1926.72706(82664) Lem Sing June 9, 1926. '75638 (S3625)-_ Kanburi Apr. 10, 1928.VARANUS NEBULOSUS (Gray)U.S.N.M.76039 (S3867) Ban Kiriwong (Tadi Stream) July 11, 1928.[The specimen is a young one. This form is called '"ta-kuat." Itwas met with daily along the mountain streams, living among bowl-ders.?H. M. S.j VARANUS SALVATOR (Laurenti)U.S.N.M.75710 (S3792) Koh Tao Dec. 27, 1926.IWater lizard. Siamese name, "hia." Found asleep at night onKoh Tao and brought in by my men. Total length, 248.5 cm.Black with yellow bands; yellow below. Male. Stomach containedan enormous land crab swallowed whole. Intestines apparently freefrom parasites. Skin and skull preserved. A specimen 1.5 m. longfound dead on Koh Tao beach December 29, 1926. It had deepwounds in abdominal walls and was possibly killed by an eagle.This kind of lizard is not uncommon within the city limits ofBangkok, in large gardens where there are klongs (canals) and abun-dant shrubbery. Most Bangkok gardens fulfill these requirements. AET.ll HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 15The hia is quite destructive to ducks and chickens. I have met withthis or related species all over central and peninsular Siam. InNakon Sritamarat in 1923 I saw one at very close range several timesthat was 2.7 m. long. As seen going through the jungle, this creaturehad a real dinosaurlike appearance, with its long neck, small head, andlong, heavy tail. One has been reported to me by a British subjectlong resident in Siam that was said to be 14 feet long. The usuallength is under 6 feet. The eggs are highly esteemed by the Siamese,and are deemed fit for presentation to the royal household.?H. M.S.]TAKYDROMUS SEXLINEATUS DaudinU.S.N.M.70258 Lam Tong Lang July, 1925.72080(82766) Bangkok Aug. 5, 1926. "Rarein Bangkok."MABUYA MULTIFASCIATA (Kuhl)U.S.N.M.67314 . Koh Chang Apr. 5, 1924.67488(8942) do Mar. 31, 1924.67489 (8722) Nontaburi 8ept. 2, 1923.70252-5 (82094, 82098, Nong Mong Aug. 20-27, 1925.82100).70270, Juvenal Pak Jong May 18, 1925.70391-2 _ Nong Khor 8ept. 27, 1925.72154, Juvenal Koh Chang Jan. 7, 1926.75455-6 (83516-7) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok.. June 10, 1927.75700-3 (83677-9, 83736). _ Bangkok Apr. 23-May 18, 1928.76041 (83855) Ban Kiriwong July 10, 1928.76069-71 (83870-2) Ban Hui Ta July 12, 1928.76077 do Do.76092(83907) Pichit Aug. 8, 1928.[76041. Back dark green, a reddish-brown lateral band with paleyellow spots; belly pale grass green; throat white; under side of tailbottle green.?H. M. S.][76069. Back brown with four or five black lines; a black lateralband with white spots; belly salmon; under side of head and tail green.Shot.?H. M. S.] MABUYA LONGICAUDATA (Hallowell)U.S.N.M.67490(8937) Bangkok Mar. 28, 1924.70229-40 (2044-5, 82056-7, do Aug. 4-Oct. 27, 1925.82063-4, 82071, 82079-80,82166,82220,82234).70257 (82010) Lam Tong Lang July 20, 1925.72091-8 (82331, 82340-3, Bangkok Nov. 9, 1925-Apr.82451,82597-8). 21,1926.72146(82542) Nong Khor Mar. 21, 1926.72166(82615) Pak Jong Apr. 30, 1926.72173 (82891) Tha Chang, near Pak Jong. Nov. 20, 1926.72232-3 (82758, 82751) Bangnara. July 16-22, 1926. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77MABUYA MACULARIA (Blyth)U.S.N.M.70273 Pak Jong May 18, 1925.70393 do Do.72099(82344) Bangkok Dec. 16, 1926.72153 (S2396) Koh Chang Jan. 7, 1926.72167-9 (S2327, 82911-2)-.. Pak Jong.. Nov. 15, 1925-Dec.19, 1926.72707 Nong Khor Feb. 7, 1927.76116(83925) Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 16, 1928.marat.76832(84053) Kao 8eming Oct. 13, 1928.76841 Khun Tan Mts Nov. 19, 1928.LYGOSOMA ANGUINOIDES BoulengerU.S.N.M.72273 Koh Tao, Gulf of 8iam Jan. 1, 1927.A note by Dr. Hugh M. Smith regardmg this lizard says that it wasfound "under a log in deep jungle. Back white, with lines of darkgreen spots; a black lateral band, general color gray-green. Only oneseen. Apparently rare."It agrees very well with Boulenger's original description, exceptthat it has 5 upper labials instead of 6. Dr. Malcolm Smith hascollected this species and has reported that some of his specimens have5 upper labials.^ In my specimen the pair of preanal scales are notmuch enlarged although the three ventral scales immediately precedingthem are conspicuously widened. There are 22 scale-rows around themiddle of the body. The head and body measure 46 mm., the tail(apparently complete) 43 mm.LYGOSOMA QUADRUPES (Linnaeus) Scale rows atU.S.N.M. mid-body67266 Nontaburi 8ept. 2, 1923 2667267 do do 2467268 do do 2467269 do do 2467270 do do 2672320 Bangkok Dec. 8, 1926 2472321 do do 2675457 Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June, 1927 2475458 do do 2475641 Kanburi Apr. 9, 1928 2475704 Bangkok Dec. 17, 1927 2675705 do May 15, 1928 24In this species the scale rows of the body are far from being regular,so that it is possible to get a number of different scale counts on thesame individual at different places. The minimum is given here. ' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, 1916, p. 157. AET. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 17SPHENOMORPHUS MACULATUS (Blyth)TJ.S.N.M.67487 (S941)70243-447025972144-5 (S2545-6)72170 (S2614) .._ Koh Chang Mar. 31, 1924. ... Nong Khor Sept. 22-Oct. 1, 1925. .-_ Lam Tong Lang July, 1925. .__ Nong Khor Mar. 25, 1926. ... Koh Chang Apr. 28, 1926.76062-3 (S3852, S3854).. Ban Kiriwong July 10, 1928.76074-5 Ban Hui Ta July 12, 1928.76115-6(83924) Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 16, 1928.marat.[76062. "Ching-len." Back and top of head brown; a black bandfrom eye to thigh with pale yellow spots; an ill-defined pale yellowband from snout, under eye, to thigh with brownish reticulations;belly bright green-yellow, becoming pale gray-green posterior tovent; throat white; a pale stripe on each side of yellow abdomen;dorsal surface of legs brown with black and pale yellow spots; ventralsurface of legs pale yellow-green; edge of eyelids pale yellow. ? H. M. S.] Figure 1.?Sphenomorphus helenae. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 67265.From Nontaburi, Siam. a, top of head; 6, profile view; c, under side ofBEAD SPHENOMORPHUS HELENAE Cochran^'Sphenomorphus helenae Cochran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,1927, p. 183.U.S.N.M.67265, type Nontaburi. Sept. 2, 1923.RIOPA BOWRINGD (Gunther)U.S.N.M.67264 Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.72277-81 (S2933-5, 82937-8). Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 1, 1927.72285-92 do Dec. 31, 1926.72708 Nong Khor Feb. 7, 1927.76151-9 Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Sept. 18, 1928.94383?30 3 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77RIOPA HUGHI (Cochran)Sphe7iosoma hughi Cochran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,1927 p. 185.U.S.N.M.72274-6 (S2936, S2941 type, Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 1, 1927.S2942).76148-50 do Sept. 18, 1928. Figure 2.?Riopa hughi. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72275. Feom Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam.a, TOP of head; 6, profile; c, undee side of headRIOPA HERBERTI (Smith)Lygosoma herberti Smith, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc, Siam, vol. 2, 1918, p. 45,U.S.N.M.76076 Ban Hui ta. July 12, 1928.LEIOLOPISMA EUNICE CochranLeiolopisma eunice Cochran, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2,1927, p. 187.U.S.N.M.70271-2, Juvenal Pak Jong May 18, 1925.72180 (S2816), type Bang Suk, near Pak Jong... Aug. 19, 1926.76851-7 Doi Angka, 7,000 feet Dec. 4, 1928. Figure 3.?Leiolopisma eunice. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72180. From Bang Suk,NEAR Pak Jong, Siam. a, top of head; b, profile view; c, under side of headLEIOLOPISMA PRANENSIS. new speciesDiagnosis.?Limbs well developed; ear opening distinct; lowereyelid with an undivided, transparent disk; no supranasals; four ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 19median dorsal rows enlarged; prefrontals forming a long mediansuture; hind limb reaching three-fifths to four-fifths the distance toaxilla, reaching wrist or elbow; 21 keeled subdigital lamellae on thefourth toe.Type.?U.S.N.M. No. 75591, from Pran, Peninsular Siam, collectedon May 25, 1928, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith.Description oj the type.?Distance between the end of snout andforelimb about one and one-third times in distance between axillaand groin; limbs well developed, pentadactyle ; hind limb barelyreaching wrist when adpressed, covering about three-fifths the dis-tance from groin to axilla; snout obtusely pointed; lower eyelid withan undivided, transparent disk; no supranasals; rostral convex,forming an almost straight suture with the frontonasal which . isbroader than long; nostril large, pierced in the nasal; prefrontalsforming a long median suture; frontal very narrow behind, a little Figure 4.?Leiolopisma peaxensis. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 75591.From Pran, Peninsular Siam. a, top of head; 6, profile view; c,UNDER side of HEAD; d, DORSAL SCALES AT MID-BODY shorter than the frontoparietals and interparietals together andfincontact with the two anterior supraoculars; a large temporal scalebordering the parietals; four large supraoculars, the first longer thanthe second; on right side eight superciliaries, on left seven; fronto-parietals a little smaller than and distinct from the interparietal,which shows the pineal body very plainly as a round black spot;parietals forming a suture behind the interparietal; two or three pairsof enlarged nuchals, slightly irregular in shape; the suture betweenfifth and sixth upper labials falling below center of eye; ear openingroundish, less than half the size of the eye opening, with two or threevery weakly developed lobules in its anterior margin; about 30smooth scales around the body, the four median dorsal rows con-siderably enlarged; the laterals a little smaller than the ventrals andnot arranged with perfect regularity; a pair of enlarged preanals;digits compressed, especially towards the tips; all the subdigital 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77lamellae with a distinct keel, 21 under the fourth toe; tail about oneand one-fourth times as long as the head and body.Dimensions.?Snout to vent, 38 mm.; snout to posterior ear, 9 mm.;snout to shoulder, 14 mm.; snout to center of eye, 4.5 mm.; axilla togroin, 20 mm.; hind leg, 15 mm.; fore leg, 11 mm.; tail, 48 mm.Coloration {in alcohol).?Upper parts of head and body black, witha pale blue dorsal stripe beginning on the top of the snout and con-tinuing to the end of the tail; a pale lateral stripe beginning on theupper eyelid, passing considerably above ear and shoulder and fadingout above insertion of hind limb; below this lateral stripe the blackrapidly fades out to an opalescent immaculate cream color whichcovers the entire under surface ; upper surfaces of limbs and tail palebrown, the fingers and toes ringed with brown.Paratype.?U.S.N.M., No. 76850, collected at Doi Angka, Siam,on December 2, 1928, by Dr. Hugh M. Smith. This specimen isslightly larger than the type. Its dimensions are as follows: Snoutto vent, 39 mm.; snout to posterior ear, 11 mm.; snout to shoulder,16 mm.; axilla to groin, 19 mm.; hind leg, 17 mm.; fore leg, 14 mm.;tail, defective.The only noticeable difference in the structure of the two is to befound in the ear opening which is elongate in the paratype, whilenearly round in the t^ype. The paratype has stronger markings thanthe type. The lateral stripe from axilla to groin, barely discerniblein No. 75591, is quite well defined in No. 76850, as are the blackbands encircling the fingers and toes at the joints. Dr. Hugh M.Smith notes that the tail of the Doi Angka lizard was bright orange.The scales on upper surfaces of the limbs are heavily dotted withdark brown at the base; in the type this pigmentation is less pro-nounced. There are 21 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe ofNo. 76850 and 32 scales around the body. There is but one pair ofenlarged nuchals; these are much larger, however, than the nuchalson the type specimen.Relationship.?While the new species is very distinct from any ofthe described Malayan species of Leiolopisma, yet it seems consider-ably closer to L. vittigerum than to any of the others, because bothspecies have conspicuously enlarged dorsal scales. They differ incoloration, in the number of enlarged dorsals, in the keeling and num-ber of the subdigital lamellae and in the number of scale rows aroundthe body. LEIOLOPISMA KOHTAOENSIS CochranLeiolopisma kohtaoensis Cochran, Proc. Biol. See. Washington, vol. 40,Dec. 2, 1927, p. 188.U.S.N.M.72282-3 Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Dec 31, 1926.72284 type do Do.76146-7 do Sept. 18, 1928. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 21In No. 76146, received since the publication of my original descrip-tion, the prefrontals do not quite meet, allowing a short suturebetween the frontal and the frontonasal. In the paratype, No. Figure 5.?Leiolopisma kohtaoensis. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72284. FromKoK Tao, Gulf of Siam. a, top of head; b, profile view; c, under side of head72283, the contact between the prefrontals is very short indeed, as Ihave already recorded. DASIA OLIVACEA GrayU.S.N.M.72234(82759) Bangnara July 22, 1926.76061 (S3840) Ban Kiriwong July 10, 1928.76833(84055) Kao 8eming Oct. 10, 1928.[76061. "Krong kreng." Back rich . gray-brown with crossbandsof black and white; terminal part of tail uniform brown; belly brightgrass-green; edge of eyelids pale yellow.?H. M. S.]TROPIDOPHORUS BERDMOREI (Blyth)U.S.N.M.76842 (84106) Khun Tan Mts Nov. 22, 1928.SERPENTESTYPHLOPS BRAMINUS DaudinU.S.N.M.72319 Bangkok Jan. 10, 1927.The Siamese name for this burrowing snake is ''ngu din" (= earthsnake). TYPHLOPS FLOWERI BoulengerU.S.N.M.76163 Bangkok May 30, 1928.This specimen was taken from Xenopeltis unicolor, 75689, and is thefirst found since Boulenger described the type in 1899 from a Siamesespecimen without definite locality sent to him by Flower. Thepresent one has 18 scale rows around the body. The total length is93 mm., the tail measures 3.5 mm., while the diameter of the body is1.5 mm. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 7TPYTHON RETICULATUS SchneiderU.S.N.M.67491(8727) Paknam Nov. 8, 1923.This young snake has 13 upper labials, the first four deeply pitted,the seventh entering the eye; 69 scale rows around the body; 302ventrals; 85 caudals, partly single.CYLINDROPHIS RUFUS (Laurenti)U.S.N.M.70291-5 (S2040, S2091, S1634, Bangkok Dec. 16, 1924-Sept.S2075, S2111). 23, 1925.72062-5 (S2890, S2345, S2348, do Dec. 16, 1925-Dec.S2812). 1, 1926.72246, Juvenal Bangsorn Oct. 1926.72712(83122) Bangkok Feb, 1927.75461 (83519) Nong Ei, Nakon Nayok._ June 5, 1927.[This snake is called "ngu kon kob" ( = tail-biting snake). Thebelief is quite general among Siamese that it bites with its tail. Oneversion of the popular belief is that it bites with its head when themoon shines and with its tail on dark nights. One of my assistantsassures me a friend was killed by being bitten with the tail of thissnake. It is not infrequently seen in the Bangkok roads on rainyaights, coiled tightly with its head concealed in its folds and its tailerect.?H. M. S.] XENOPELTIS UNICOLOR ReinwardtU.S.N.M.67506(8595) Bandon 1922 V 175; C 2770296(8988) Bangkok October 1924 V 179; C 26.72134(82540) Nong Khor Mar. 21, 1926 V 179; C 3072193(82886) Raheng Oct. 17, 1926 V ; C 2875687 (83744) Bangkok May 30, 1928 V 182; C 2775688 (83745) do do V 184; C 2875689 (83746) do do V 181; C 2775690 (83732) Tonburi June 30, 1927 V 186; C 26[75687-89. Under decaying vegetation near water. Color of backvarying with the individual, from dark gray to nearly black, belowwhite or pink; neck ring like belly; 75689 was the darkest on back andhad the richest pink on under side. A brown worm was extendingfrom vent when this snake was taken.?H. M. S.] The "worm" is aTyphlops Jloweri, now U. S. N. M. No. 76163.The specimen from Bandon was collected by Mr. Havmoller.The species is called by the Siamese "ngu seng atit " ( = sun-ray snake) , and even in perservative shows the beautiful glowing iridescencewhich suggests the name. Regarding the specimen from Raheng,Dr. Hugh M. Smith notes that it is ''reputed to be very poisonous"there. Ml. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 23ACROCHORDUS JAVANICUS HornstedtU.S.N.M.07669 Bangkok November 1923 (head).65693 (S3779) do Apr. 28, 1928.["Ngu nuang chang" ( = elephant trun'- snake).?H. M. S.]CHERSYDRUS GRANULATUS (Schneider)U.S.N.M.67626-7(8279-80) Chao Phya River, ofT Paknam. Aug. 12, 1923.67567 (S240) do Aug. 9, 1923.67568(81048) Bangpakong River Feb. 13, 1924.76161 (83993), juvenaL. Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Sept. 24, 1928.The Koh Tao snake was collected by Dr. A. Kerr on a sand beach.Its Siamese name is "ngu pa Id liew."NATRIX PISCATOR (Schneider)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals67509(8309) Nontaburi Aug. 7, 1923 135 7670320(82088) Bangkok Aug. 24, 1925 139 7470321(82109) do Sept. 22, 1925 14370322(82165) do... Oct. 13, 1925 141 8470323(82241) -do Nov. 7, 1925 137 7872073(82863) do Nov. 2, 1926 133 8172074(82877) do Nov. 15, 1926 13472710(83106) do November 1926 133 6675691(83734) .Tonburi May 15, 1928 135This water snake is very common in Bangkok according to Dr.M. A. Smith's account of The Snakes of Bangkok. In Dr. Hugh M.Smith's collection, all but one of the specimens were caught at thatcity. It is called "ngu pla," meaning "fish snake."In all cases the scales around the body are in 19 rows, the twoouter being smooth. The only noteworthy feature of the headscalation is that No. 70320 has but one anterior temporal; this israrely the case, two being the rule.NATRIX SUBMINIATA (SchiegeJ)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals67502(8716) Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923 146 8368503(8308) do Aug. 18, 1923 140 7167504(8923) Bangkok Dec. 6, 1923 148 8270318(81974) do May 30, 1925 14970319(82067) do Aug. 8, 1925 146 7970337(82156) Nong Khor Sept. 27, 1925 144 6870343(82097) Nong Mong Aug. 24, 1925 153 8170344(82101) do Aug. 29, 1925 148 9070349, Juvenal Pak Jong May 18, 1925 154 9170358(82006) Lam Tong Lang... July 7, 1925 152 8272071(82873) Bangkok.... Nov. 5, 1926 14472072(82765) do Aug. 5, 1926 147 7572135(82539) do Mar. 21, 1926 149 8375635(83624) Kanburi Apr. 9, 1928 -_. 8576029(83880) Ban Tadi July 14, 1928 138 7476083(83894) Ban Prakien July 15, 1928 140 66 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. rThe head scalation is normal in all, excepting No. 70319, wherefour postoculars appear on one side of the head, and No. 72072,which has three posterior temporals. The stomach of No. 72072contained a frog, Oxydozyga martensi, No. 72115.[76029. Back of neck red, side of neck bright yellow.?H. M. S.J[75635. "Ngukapa chinchuk." General color of back finely mixedlight and dark green, with white edges and scales; head above greenishblue; nape black; eye in a black spot, a yellow area below eye; ayellow spot behind and below eye; a postnape line yellow, as is underside of head. Said to be poisonous.?H. M. S.]According to a recent study by Doctor Mell ? the Siamese race ofsubminiata appeared to merit subspecific distinction, since his seriesof 12 specimens showed a uniformly low scale count, rangiQg between143 and 157. In the 15 snakes in my series on which ventral platescould be counted the range was even a little lower, being between138 and 154 with an average of 146.5, thus corroborating DoctorMell's observations so far. Eleven snakes from Peninsular Siamcollected by Dr. W. L. Abbott range from 137 to 148, averaging 140.1.But a series of 28 specimens from Java, the type locality of the typicalsubminiata, shows a variation of 137 to 149, the average beiQg 141.4^and this seems insufficient to warrant subspecific distinction betweenSiamese and Javanese snakes which are otherwise similar.NATRIX CHRYSARGA (Schlegel)U.S.N.M.70332 (S2151) Nong Khor Sept. 22, 192570333 (S2152) do Sept. 23, 192570334 (S2154) do Sept. 24, 192572135 (S2539) do Mar. 21, 1926 14972136 (S2537) do Mar. 20, 192672147 (S2393) Koh Chang Jan. 4, 1926NATRIX STOLATA (Linnaeus)U.S.N.M.70345 (S2103)_._ _- Nong Mong Sept. 1, 1925.75452 (S3520) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 5, 1927.The scale formula for No. 70345 is as follows: 19 scale rows; 145ventrals; divided anal; caudals ? ; 8 upper labials; oculars 1+3;temporals 1+3. For No. 75452, the formula is: 19 scale rows; 147ventrals ; divided anal ; 78 caudals ; 8 upper labials ; oculars l + Yi',temporals 1+2. LYCODON AULICUS (Linnaeus)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals72051 (S2786)__ Tonburi, Bangkok Aug. 26, 1926-.- 200 6372308 (S2923)__ Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 2, 1927 191 7475686 (S3569)-_ Bangkok Apr. 12, 1928. __ 197 6576160 (83982). _ Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Sept. 18, 1928... 184 72 ? Congr. Internat. Zool., Budapest, vol. 10, 1929, p. 1472. Ventrals Caudala157 86159 80158 8083154 82159 __ ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 25The Bangkok specimen, No. 72051, is an adult measuring 531 mm.in length, the tail measuring 88 mm. In coloration it agrees well withDr. Malcolm Smith's description of typical Siamese specimens.^The snake from Koh Tao, No. 72308, is a young one, agreeing inevery respect with the above, excepting that the light blotch on eitherside of the occiput is less invaded by the dark brown of the bodycolor. Regarding this individual the collector has noted : "Black andlight green; labials white, with black spots in definite series; top ofhead black."[75686. Markings on nape side of head and along jaws pale yellow;a bright yellow line along upper jaw from eye to end of snout; backdull blackish brown with whitish markings, top of head reddish brown,belly white.?H. M. S.]LYCODON LAOENSIS GuntherU.S.N.M.72317 (S2930) Bandon Jan. 7, 1927.This individual has 17 scale rows, 167 ventrals, a divided anal, 64caudals, 9 upper labials, oculars 1+2 and temporals 2 + 3. It is tobe noted that the lowest number of ventrals hitherto recorded forthis species is 175. The coloration of my specimen corresponds tothe figure (Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1893, pi. 24, fig. 3), exceptthat the white bands are very much more distinct and less invadedwith dark pigment.DRYOCALAMUS DAVIDSGNH (Blanford)U.S.N.M.67512 (S312) Bangkok.. __ 1919.76858 (S4144) do Dec. 22, 1928.This snake is apparently quite rare, as Dr. Malcolm Smith listsonly two specimens of it taken in Bangkok. The earlier specimencollected by Dr. H. M, Smith is larger than those previously recorded.It measures 825 mm., of which the tail comprises 178 mm. Thescale formula is given: 13 rows around the body; 254 ventrals; anundivided anal; 95 caudals; 7 labials; 1 loreal; no preocular; 2 postoc-ulars; on one side of the head a single anterior temporal, and twoanterior temporals on the other side ; two posterior temporals on bothsides. The coloration is exactly as given by Boulenger, except thatthere are brown spots behind the eyes extending over the anteriortemporals. The latter specimen, a very young one, has 13 scale rows;253 ventrals ;1 anal; 102subcaudals; 1 loreal; no preocular; 2 postocu-lars; temporals 1+2. ' The Snakes of Bangkok, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, 1914, p. 17.94388?30 4 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77PTYAS MUCOSUS (Linnaeus)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals67515 (S755), Juvenal Sikuk. _ Nov. 15, 1923 197 1170316 (S981) __ Bangkok July 12, 1924 195 1170317 (S2089) do Aug. 26, 1925 197 1072723 (S2590) do Apr. 18, 1926 201 1172724 (S2253)-_-_ do Nov. 28, 1925 200 1175692(83795) do June 22, 1928 204[A rat snake about 2 meters long once ascended a clump of bambooin my yard and caugbt an owl, which it brought to the ground andbegan to devour. It has been met with a number of times on thegolf course of the Royal Bangkok Sports Club.?H. M. S.]PTYAS KORROS (ScWegel)U.S.N.M.67514 (S726) Nontaburi .__ Oct. 23, 1923. _.70330 (S2219) Bangkok Oct. 17, 1925...72070 (S2637) do May 31, 1926...72148 (S2395) Koh Chang Jan. 16, 1926...76001 (S3897) Nakon Sritamarat July 17, 1928. ..76080 (S3891) Ban Lem Ngao July 15, 1928... Ventrals Caudals168 133173 131167165 145168 134172 --_[76001. Back olive green, with whitish vertical lines on anteriorfifth of body ; under side of body and head yellowish green to greenishwhite; a pale yellow ring around eye, incomplete above.?H. M. S.][76080. "Ngu sing." Back uniform brown, anterior third ofbelly beautiful yellow green, posterior two-thirds whitish green.?H. M. S.l COELOGNATHUS RADIATUS (Schlegel)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals67513(8717) Nontaburi 8ept, 2, 1923 244 9272318(82928) Bandon Jan. 4, 1927 238 9576038(83878) Ban Kiriwong July 13, 1928 228 91The Nontaburi specimen has 10-9 upper labials; the Bandon snakehas 8-9 upper labials. The Bandon specimen had the "back lightgreen, with black markings; lines on head black; belly pale creamy,with under side of tail pale salmon."AHAETULLA BOIGA (Lacgpfede)U.S.N.M.67507 (8307) Nontaburi Aug. 20, 1923.70327-9 (81872, S2043, Bangkok Mar. 31-Oct. 23, 1925.82231).72060 (82596) do Apr. 21, 1926.72139 (82538) Nong Khor Mar. 21, 1926.72230 (82761) Bangkok July 22, 1926.75453 (83521) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok June 5, 1927.75680 (83789) Bangkok June 16, 1928.76017 (83820) Upper Tadi 8tream, Nakon July 7, 1928.8ritamarat.76028 (83830) Ban Tadi l.-,_-- July 9, 1928.[75680. "Ngu saiman pra-indra"?Brahmin curtain-cord snake.Back bronze green with inferior margin black; top of head brown; ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 27lateral stripe black, separated from back by a pale golden yellowstripe; belly pale yellow; scales of anterior third of back showinglight blue background when pulled apart. A very active little snake,not uncommon in Bangkok. This one contains a small animal(lizard?).?H. M. S.] The lizard is a young Caloies.[76017. "Ngu saipan." Looks somewhat different from same kindof snake at Bangkok. Top of head and back burnished bronze;blue area under scales appearing as rhomboidal spots when scalesare pulled aside.?H. M. S.][76028. Bright greenish-yellow on side of neck.?H. M. S.l[This is a common snake in Bangkok and in many districts of Siam.Its reputed habit of leaping from tree to tree has not been observedby me, but on one occasion, in 1926, an example of its leaping abilitywas given in my house in Bangkok. One morning as I got out of beda full-sized snake of this species was found sunning itself stretched onthe sill of a double door opening on a veranda. As I approached itran behind a door and climbed to the top of the door whence it sprangto the rail of the veranda and thence under the eaves. Some timeafterwards I found that the shortest distance from the door to therail was 104 cm., but as the snake leaped the distance was over 145cm.?H. M. S.] HOLARCHUS PURPURASCENS (Schlegel)U.S.N.M.70324(81913)... Bangkok Apr. 21, 1927_70325(81925) do .___ May 18, 1925.70326 (S2169) do Oct. 13, 1925.-70355(82007).-. Lam Tong Lang July 7, 1925...72066 (82874)... Bangkok (H. M. 8mith's yard) Nov. 5, 1926..72067(82876)... Bangkok Nov. 11, 1926.72068 (82880)... Bangkok (H. M. Smith's yard) Nov. 17, 1926.72069(82902)... Bangkok Dec. 15, 1926.75683 (83490) do Aug. 4, 1927-.75684(83493) do do76090(83913)-.. Pichit Aug. 8, 1928. . 76122(83943)... Bangkok Aug. 24, 1928.[Called "ngu hao ( = hiss) pi ( = flute) keo ( = glass)" by the Siamese,who are very familiar with it; it is said to make a noise like acricket.?H. M. S.]The young specimen from Lam Tong Lang agrees perfectly withyoung Bangkok snakes in coloration. In two adult Bangkok snakes,70324 and 70325, the color markings are not distinct, while in 72068,also fully adult, the markings are as bright as in the young. All havethe same pattern which Dr. Malcolm Smith describes as characteristicof the Bangkok snakes.^ In all cases the scale-rows around the bodyare 21 in number; there is a single preocular and 1 subocular. The 8 Journ. Nat, Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, No. 2, 1914, p. 98. mtrals Caudals175 38165 46+173 38171 52177 37167 43174 37172 35176 39174 38160 42167 45 154 44 1 + 1+ 2162 35 1 + 1 + 2169 33 1 + 1+ 2157 45 1 + 2153 42 1+ 1+ 2153 42 1+ 1 + 2155 41 1+ 1 + 2154 41 1 + 1 + 2150 43 1+ 1 + 2156 41 1 + 1 + 2157 43 1+ 1 + 2163 33 f+ 1 + 2151 44 *+ l + 21+ 1+ 2157 42 1 + 1+ 2 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77stomach of 72067 contained two young toads {Bujo melanostidus^72116 and 72117).HOLARCHUS TAENIATUS TAENIATUS (Gunther)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals Temporals67505 (S720), male. __ Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923. _ 67319, female Bangkok Apr. 13, 1924_70289 (SI 989), female do July 2, 1925..70290 (S2168), male do Oct. 13, 1925..70340 (S2096), male.. Nong Mong Aug. 24, 1925.70341 (S2099), male do Aug. 27, 1925.70346 (S1960), male.. Pak Jong May 18, 1925-72053, male Bangkok Dec. 26, 1925.72054 (S2736), male.. Bangkok (H. M. July 8, 1926...Smith's yard).72055 (S2872), male do October, 1926.72056 (S2892), male do November,192672057(82497), female. Bangkok Mar. 2, 1926..72713 (S3022), male.. Korat Jan. 19, 1927..72714 (S2023),iuvenal do do75685 (S3525), male.. Bangkok Apr. 17, 1927.[72713. "Ngu nok yung"= peacock snake. Back light brown,with 2 median and 1 lateral dark brown stripes, the median stripescross-hatched with fine hnes of golden-yellow; belly with black spots,the ground color pink anteriorly, becoming bright red posteriorly,especially intense on tail. Said to be a common snake in the Koratregion.?H. M. S.j[72714. Light brown with dark brown markings on back and head;belly light red, with black spots.These two snakes collected for me by Phra Anuwati, chief forestofficer at Korat.?H. M. S.jIn the 15 Siamese snakes which I have called by this name there isconsiderable variation from the distinctive characters given byBoulenger and Smith ^ in their notes on this species compared withS. mouhoti. There are constantly 19 scale rows around the body inour specimens of taeniatus, and in this point our series agrees withDoctor Smith's counts. But the tip of the tongue is black and theremainder grayish instead of the whole organ being red (or bleachedwhite in alcohol) as Doctor Smith had observed. The headmark isapproximately arrow shaped, and there are no tail bars, but in everycase there is an incomplete collar reaching to well below the corner ofthe mouth. A subocular is present on both sides of the head in No.70340 from Nong Mong, and on one side of the head in the otherNong Mong specimen. No. 70341. In all my specimens with twoexceptions there is one very small anterior temporal followed by one ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, No. 2, 1914, p. 70. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 29 very long one, which in turn is bordered by two, so that the formulareads 1 + 1+2. In No. 70290, in No. 72057 on one side of the head,and in No. 72713, there is a long anterior temporal followed by twoposterior ones. In none of my specimens are there two anterior tem-porals which Doctor Smith gives as the normal occurrence in his seriesof 15.Nos. 67319, 70289, and 72057 are females, as shown by the higherventral count and lower number of subcaudals. Three eggs, preservedwith No. 67319, collected in the yard of Dr. Hugh Smith's residencein Bangkok, measure between 13.5 and 14 mm. in length and 8 to 8.5in width. HOLARCHUS TAEMATUS MOUHOTI (Boulenger)U.S.N.M.67247 Rajaburi July 30, 1923.One specimen from Rajaburi seems referable to this variety on colorpattern, for it has the two tail bars and the heart-shaped headmarkmentioned by Dr. Malcolm Smith. The tongue is conspicuouslytipped with black and the base is likewise black; the interveningspace now bleached to white may once have been red. The collar,however, is not more complete than in the specimens of iaeniatus justlisted. There is a subocular on both sides of the head. The singlesmall anterior temporal is followed by a long, large one ; this in turn isfollowed by two scales on one side of the head and by one scale onthe other, so that the temporal scale formula reads 1 + 1 + K- Thereare 17 scale rows around the body, 151 ventrals, and at least 37subcaudals, although the end of the tail is missing.HOLARCHUS VIOLACEUS (Cantor)U.S.N.M.72161(82910) PakJong Dec. 22, 1926.72309 (S2939) Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 1, 1927.75585(83763) Pran May 25, 1928.The headplates of the Koh Tao specimen resemble very closelythe drawing of Simotes multifasciaius in Jan's Iconographie desOphidiens.^? A marked difference in scutellation is found in theseventh supralabial, which in the Koh Tao specimen is very high andpermits of only one posterior temporal, while this labial is lower inthe figure of multifasciatus and there are two posterior temporals.The frontal plate is about equal in length to the parietals in multi-Jasciatus, while in my specimen the padetals are longer than thefrontal.The ventral coloration is much the same, there being the quad-rangular dark spots in two rows, with a lightened area in the middleof the belly between them. The Koh Tao specimen, however, isunspotted above, the scales appearing a dark purplish gray with the 10 Livr. 12, pi. 4, fig. 2. 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77borders of the scale edged darker and lighter to form a variation, butwithout any bars across the body. There are traces of markingson the head which resemble the figure also. The formula is: 17 scalerows; 176 ventrals; undivided anal; 42 caudals; 7-8 upper labials;oculars 1 + 2 ; temporals 1 + 1 ; a subocular is present.The Pak Jong specimen is dull colored and seems to fit the colorvariety A, as defined by Boulenger.^^ This snake has 7 upperlabials and no subocular, while typical examples of violaceus possess 8upper labials and usually a subocular. The scale formula is asfollows: 17 scale rows; 175 ventrals; an undivided anal; 40 caudals;7 upper labials, the third and fourth entering the eye; oculars 1 + 2;temporals 1+2.Dr. Malcolm Smith has examined these specimens also. He writesme that "the number of labials may be 7 or 8, but except for that,the species is fairly constant as regards scalation."The Pran specimen is very much like the Pak Jong snake in color,except that its dark nuchal mark is more distinct. The formula is:17 scale rows, 174 ventrals; undivided anal; 38 caudals; 8 upperlabials; oculars 1+2; temporals 1+2. A subocular is present belowthe preocular. GONGYLOSOMA SCRIPTUM (Theobald)U.S.N.M.76103 (S3932) Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat. July 20, 1928.This very rare snake has the following scale formula: 13 scalerows; 133 ventrals; a divided anal; 98 caudals; oculars 2+2; temporals1 (very long) +2; supralabials 8. The head and body measure240 mm. and the tail 160 mm. The coloration is that given byBoulenger, except that there is no white collar on the nape. A whitebar edged with black arises from commisure of the mouth and endsbluntly just outside the lower border of the parietal shields, and thismay be a trace of the collar.ENHYDRIS ENHYDRIS (Schneider)U.S.N.M.70309(81985) Bangkok June 29, 1925.70310 (S1992) do July 14, 1925.70311 (S2083) do Aug. 18, 1925.70312 (S2087) do Aug. 23, 1925_70313 (S2150) do Oct. 10, 1925-.70314 (S2237) do Oct. 30, 1925.70315 do Aug. 8, 1925.- Ventrals Caudals168 68163 63170 75167 75172 64+161 64 This fresh-water snake, common in Bangkok, is represented in thiscollection by seven specimens. The largest one, an adult female, No.70314, contains a number of embryos nearly developed.In all cases the head scalation is absolutely normal, and there are21 scale rows around the body. " Cat. Snakes Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1894, p. 223. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM SIAM?COCHRAN 31ENHYDRIS JAGORH (Peters)67516 (S903) Sikuk River at Ban Pan Nov. 25, 1923.Our only specimen of this species has 21 scale rows around the body,123 ventrals, and more than 23 caudals, the tail being incomplete.The head scales are quite normal. TT o XT AT ENHYDRIS PLUMBEA (Boie)U.S.N.M. ^67508 (S477) Bandon Bight, Gulf of Siam. Sept. 27, 1923.The scalation of this specimen is normal in every way; there are123 ventrals and 36 caudals.U.S.N.M. HOMALOPSIS BUCCATA (Linnaeus)67510(8719) Nontaburi Sept. 2, 1923.70302 (S1991), adult fe- Bangkok July 13, 1925.male.70303(81991), 16 embryos do Do.from 70302.70304-8 (82039, 82084, do July 30-Oct. 25, 1925.82112,82115,82233).70362(81945) Bangkok (yard of H. M. May 30, 1925.Smith's residence) . 72711 (82339) Bangkok Dec. 12, 1925.This very common fresh-water snake is well represented in the col-lection. The adult female from Bangkok, No. 70302, measures1,375 mm. in total length, the tail being 275 mm. long. This snakeexceeds by 65 mm. the largest one reported by Dr. Malcolm Smith.Dr. Hugh M. Smith has been kind enough to furnish me with thefollowing note on this species: "The local name is 'ngu pla' or 'fishsnake,' a name borne by several species of similar habits. It (No.70302) was caught on a line baited with a small whole fish. Thisspecies has been frequently taken in my yard here. It is said by oneof my Siamese assistants to be poisonous when about to have young,but I do not put much credence in the statements of Siamese regardingthe poisonous properties of snakes." ^ g j^T j^ HURRIA RHYNCHOPS (Schneider)67561(8989) Near Singora Nov., 1923.72717-8(82659,82677)-. Lem Sing June 9-11, 1926.This aquatic serpent has been reported before from Singora, whereNo. 67561, quite a young one, was collected by Mr. R. HavmoUer. ^ g j^ j^ ERPETON TENTACULATUS Lacepfede67500 (8290) Bangkok Aug. 15, 1923, pond.67501 (8884) Chao Phya River, near Pak- Nov. 21, 1923, from anampo. fish chute.The head and anterior portion of the body is all that was preservedof the adult from Bangkok, No. 67500. The young one, 67501, has13 upper labials; the adult has 13 and 14; both specimens have 37scale rows around the body. Doctor Smith says that its local name 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MtJSEtJM vol. 77 at Paknampo is "ngu kadang." He adds that it is not rare inBangkok and other parts of Siam.BOIGA MULTOMACULATA (Boie)U.S.N.M.75450 (S3518) Nong Ri, Nakon Nayok Jan. 10, 1927.BOIGA DENDROPHILA (Boie)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals72725(82871) Tung Song October, 1926 217 95PSAMMODYNASTES PULVERULENTUS (Boie)U.S.N.M.70335-6 (S2155) Nong Khor, near Sriracha_. Sept. 25-Oct. 1, 1925.70348 PakJong May 18, 1925.70356 Lam Tong Lang, near Pak July, 1925.Jong.72140 (S2882) Nong Khor Nov. 11, 1926.72187 (S2881) Sriracha Nov. 10, 1926.72715 Nong Nam Kiew Feb. 15, 1927.75592 Pran May 25, 1928.76835 (S4049) Kao Seming Oct. 13, 1928.76843 (S4107) Khun Tan Mts Nov. 22, 1928.PASSERITA PRASINA (Boie)U.S.N.M.70359 (S2009) Lam Tong Lang July 19, 1925.72137-8 (S2543, S2883)-_ Nong Khor March 25-Nov. 11, 192672176 (S2817) Bang Suk Aug. 20, 1926.76068 (S3869) Ban Hui Ta July 12, 1928.76091 (S3914) Pichit Aug. 8, 1928.76102(83915) Kao Luang, Nakon Srita- July 13, 1928.marat.[76068. Exceedingly bright grass green on back, bright yellowgreen on belly. Elevation about 700 feet?H. M. S.][76091. "Ngu khao ( = white), pak ( = mouth), chinchuk ( = house-lizard)." Found by me alive in a country road. A very strildngobject?pure white with black markings. Known to local people whotold me it was mi phit (poisonous). I made them laugh when I toldthem I kept one of these in my bed to catch mosquitoes. I do notknow whether it is only an albino of the common form.?H. M. S.lPASSERITA NASUTA (Lacepfede)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals70275 (81637). _ Bangkok Dec. 24, 1924_-_ 194 15370276(81983) do June 23, 1925___ 20170277(82042) do Aug. 4 1925 200 15370278(82061) do Aug. 6, 1925 191 15770279(82070) do Aug. 11, 1925-.. 19070280(82073) do Aug. 13, 1925.-. 203 14370281 (S2074) do do 195 14670282(82118) do Sept. 27, 1925... 194 14970283(82203) do Oct. 16, 1925- .. 202 14670284 do Aug. 7, 192572052(82741).. Bangkok (H. M. Smith's July 8, 1926 195yard). ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 33This beautiful speoies is subject to some variability in the regionof the upper lip just behind the rostral appendage. Although thenumber of labials is constantly eight in all my specimens exceptingone, which has but seven on one side of the head, there is frequentlya horizontal division of one of the labials, which makes an additionalscale just below the loreal region. In three cases the third labialis thus divided on one side of the head, and once the second labial isso divided. In one case the third labial is wedged in between thesecond and fourth, so that it fails to reach the lip border. Thereare three scales bordering the anterior portion of the eye in themajority of cases, the additional "suboculars" resulting from thehorizontal separation of the top portion of the fourth labial. Twopostoculars are constantly present. One anterior temporal is morecommonly encountered than two; there are constantly two posteriortemporals in this collection.CHRYSOPELEA ORNATA (Shaw)U.S.N.M.67304 Sikut River Nov. 15, 1923.67492 (S718)... Nontaburi __. Sept. 2, 192367493 (S721) do ...do67494 (S725) do Oct. 23, 1923-_-67495 (S594) -_ _ Bandon 192267496 (S596) do 192267497 (S597) do 192267498 (S723) ._ _ Bangkok September, 1924..67499 (S724) do Oct. 26, 1923_..70297 (S2031) do July 27, 1924_..70298 (S1809) do Mar. 6, 192570299 (S2060) do Aug. 6, 192570300 (S2085) do Aug. 21, 1925. __70301 (S2232) do Oct. 23, 1925...72058(82390).. Bangkok (H. M. Smith's Jan. 25, 1926...yard) . 72059 (S2391).. Bangkok do72149 (82392). _ Koh Chang Jan. 4, 192672150 (82394) do Jan. 5, 192672162 (82326). _ Pak Jong Nov. 15, 1925...72177 (S2818).. Bang 8uk Aug. 24, 1926...72716(82924).. Koh Tao Jan. 2, 192775681 (83791) .. Bangkok June 16, 1928.- _ 232 122Our specimens of the beautiful green and black tree snake from themainland of Siam conform with variety D in Boulenger's Catalogueof Snakes, ^^ as Dr. Malcolm Smith has likewise found. We have twosnakes from Koh Chang (72149 and 72150) and one from Koh Tao(72716) which show the melanism which is often found in island forms.In these specimens the mesial black line on each scale has becomegreatly widened, so that the entire upper part of the body seems to 12 Vol. 3, 1896, p. 197. itrals Caudals220 120237228 120232 126231221 120228 140231 132228230 119229 140236235 141227 119227 135223 135236 135227 139223226 117234 132 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. V7be black with very inconspicuous lighter spots on the lateral portionsof each scale. One of the two Koh Chang specimens (72149) is un-like all the others in having black spots in the centers of the labialscales. This snake likewise is without loreal plates.In all specimens the scale preceding the anal plate was divided likeit. The maximum number of subcaudals listed by Boulenger is 138;my series raises the number slightly, as two of the snakes have 140each and one specimen has 141. The specimens from Bandon(67495-7) were collected by Mr. K. HavmoUer. The young speci-men, 70301, was captured in the Hotel Royal at Bangkok.DISTEIRA CYANOGfNCTA (Daudin)U.S.N.M.67519 (S256) Chao Phya River, off Pak- Aug. 10, 1923.nam.67522 (S265) do Aug. 11, 1923.67529(8236) Gulf of Siam Aug. 8, 1923.As the sea snakes have just been monographed by Dr. MalcolmSmith, I make no further notes on the species included in Dr. HughM. Smith's collection other than to list them with data. Many of theidentifications were made by Dr. Malcolm Smith at the United StatesNational Museum. DISTEIRA CAERULESCENS (Shaw)U.S.N.M.67665 (S1067) Bangpakong River Feb. 14, 1924.72227-8(82801, 82804)... Gulf of 8iam, off Chao Phya Aug. 20, 1926.River.75449 (83404) Chantabun River Aug. 5, 1927.DISTEIRA VIPERINA (Schmidt)U.S.N.M.67549 (8977) Near 8ingora, Siam November, 1923.Collected by Mr. R. Havmoller.DISTEIRA KLOSSI (Boulenger)U.S.N.M.72229 (82805) Gulf of Siam, off Chao Phya Aug. 20, 1926.River.DISTEIRA TORQUATA DIADEMA (Gunther)U.S.N.M.67520 (8252) Chao Phya River, off Pak- Aug. 9, 1923.nam.67523 (8276) do Aug. 12, 1923.67528 (8235) Gulf of Siam Aug. 8, 1923.67530 (8237) do Do.67533-4 (8268-9) Gulf of Siam off Chao Phya Aug. 11, 1923.River.67536-7 (8282-3) do Aug. 12, 1923.67564 (81066) Bangpakong River Feb. 14, 1923.67566 (81068) do Do. ART. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 35DISTEIRA FASCIATA ATRICEPS (Gunther)U.S.N.M.70360 (S2090) Gulf of Siam, Hua Hin Aug. 31, 1925.A single sea-snake which I have referred to this species has 88 ven-tral plates, 29 scales around the neck and 40 around the body.LAPEMIS HARDWICKII GrayU.S.N.M.67524-5 (S277-8) Chao Phya River, off Pak- Aug. 12, 1923.nam.67535 (S270) Gulf of Siam off Chao Phya Aug. 11, 1923.River.67538-41 (S329-32) do Sept. 9, 1923.67542 (S144) Gulf of Siam off Tachalom.. July 20, 1923.67543(841) Gulf of Siam off Banghia July 3, 1923.River.67545 (S43) do Do.67546-7 (S548-9) Gulf of Siam near Singora.. Oct. 5, 1923.67548 (S976) do November, 1923 (R.Havmoller) . 67550-4 (S978-82) do Do.67556-60 (S984-988) do Do.72220-1 (S2696-7) Gulf of Siam off Chao Phya Aug. 20, 1926.River.72719-22 (S2284-7) Mouth of Meklong River... Dec. 7, 1925.ENHYDRINA SCHISTOSA (Daudin)U.S.N.M.67521 (S264) Chao Phya River off Pak- Aug. 11, 1923.nam.67531-2 (S238, S257) Gulf of Siam off Paknam... Aug. 8-10, 1923.67544 (S42) do July 3, 1923.67555 (S983) Gulf of Siam near Singora_. November, 1923.67562-3 (1064-5) Bangpakong River Feb. 14, 1924 (R. Hav-moller) .72222-6 (S2798-800, Gulf of Siam off Menam Aug. 20, 1926.S2802-3). Chao Phya.Dr. Hugh M. Smith notes that "A local name for this snake at thehead of the Gulf of Siam is 'kawon' ( = soft neck)."BUNGARUS FASCIATUS (Schneider)U.S.N.M.67511 (S311) Chiengmai 1915.72061 (S2733) Bangkok June 25, 1926.The Chiengmai specimen is so badly mutilated that a count of theventrals is impossible. There are 15 scale rows around the body,and there are 37 subcaudals, single excepting for the last half dozen,which show a distinct tendency to divide. In coloration this speci-men agrees fairly well with Dr. Malcolm Smith's description in theSnakes of Bangkok. There are 25 yellow bands on the body, a few ofthose toward the middle being marked with small black patches.The Bangkok specimen has 15 scale rows, 215 ventrals, 35 subcaudals, 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MXJSErM vol. nthe last three of which are divided, and 22 yellow bands on the body.There are no black patches within the yellow bands ventrally, how-ever. As these are young snakes, the enlarged tip at the end of thetail is not yet in evidence.[During my five years' residence in Siam I have rarely seen thisspecies. I have on two or three occasions seen the snake crossingcity roads, and in 1928 I noticed two that had been killed by auto-mobiles on roads near my house.?H. M. S.]BUNGARUS FLAVICEPS ReinhardtU.S.N.M.70361 (S2145) Bang Yai Jang, southwest of Aug. 15, 1925.Rajaburi.This snake, the second one of its kind to be taken in Siam, is a largeone, and in its stomach there are the remains of an exceedingly largebamboo snake, Trimeresurus gramineus. This species of krait hasbeen reported once from Nakon Sritamarat by Dr. Malcolm Smith inThe Poisonous Land Snakes of Siam.^^ In this specimen there are 13scale rows around the body, 222 ventrals, and 52 subcaudals, the first18 of which are single, the remainder double. The head and tail areorange red, the body scales above are black, the interstitial skinshowing pale pink between them in this distended specimen. Theblack color clouds the extreme ends of the ventral plates, which areotherwise a deep buff color (faded by alcohol). There is no laterallight streak on the outer row^s of scales, nor is there any vertebrallight stripe. NAJA HANNAH (Cantor)U.S.N.M. Ventrals Caudals72726 (S2909) - _ Pak Jong Dec. 19, 1926_.. 239 90 (20 single+ 70double) . NAJA NAJA (Linnaeus)[I have sent to the museum no specimens of cobra, as I have veryrarely come across the species. It occurs within the city limits ofBangkok, and occasionally I hear of cobras being killed about or inthe houses of my friends.?H. M. S.jCALLIOPHIS MACULICEPS (Giinther)U.S.N.M.70331(82153) Nong Kohr Sept. 24, 1925.A single specimen of this small snake shows an unusually low ventralcount of 193; the lowest count by Boulenger is 205 and the lowestgiven by Glydenstolpe is 198. The subcaudals number 21; there are7 labials, one prae- and two postoculars and a single large temporalscale. The coloration agrees with Boulenger's description, exceptingthat the tail beneath has a few irregular black patches, in additionto the two black rings characteristic of the species . 13 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, no. 1, 1923, p. 61. J.RT. 11 HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 37CALLIOPHIS HUGHI CochranCallopkis hughi Cochran, Proc. BioL Soc. Washington, vol. 40, Dec. 2, 1927,p. 190.U.S.N.M.72307 (S2940) type Koh Tao, Gulf of Siam Jan. 1, 1927. Figure 6.?Calliophis hughi. Type. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 72307. From Koh Tao, GulfOF Siam. a, top of head; 6, profile view; c, under side of headPAEEAS CAEINATUS (Boie)U.S.N.M.72175 (S2813)_ -. Bang Suk, near Pak Jong Aug. 16, 1926.This is a young specimen. The scale formula is as follows: 15scale-rows; 167 ventrals; a divided anal; about 62 caudals; eye sep-arated from the prefrontals and labials by an ocular ring; lorealand preocular distinct. [A Siamese name for this snake is "ngu haofai"= fire-hissing snake.?H. M. S.]PAREAS MOELLENDORFn BoettgerTJ.S.N.M.70357 (S2008) Lam Tong Lang July 19, 1925.In our single specimen the internasals and the prefrontals areabnormally fused together. The frontal is as long as broad. Thelabials are completely separated from the eye by suboculars, and thereis a good-sized postocular. There are seven upper labials, the seventhbeing the longest. The ventrals are 142 and the subcaudals 36 innumber. There are very few Siamese records for this species?onefrom the mountains of Laos (Mouhot), one from Bangkok (Gylden-stolpe), and one from Bangkok (M. Smith).AGKISTRODON RHODOSTOMA (Boie)U.S.N.M.70338-9(81972-3) Ban Sadet May 30, 1925.72141(82508) Nong Khor Mar. 20, 1926.72142 (S2541) do Mar. 22, 1926. 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77TRIMERESURUS GRAMINEUS GRAMINEUS (Shaw) Internasals ?^^ First su-pralabialfused withnasal Nasalseparat-ed from. secondsuprala-bialU.S.N.M.67517 (S739) Nontaburi Nov. 13, 1923 2 2+ 5]pairs Yes Yes67518 (S936) Bangkok Mar. 13, 1923 2 2+ 5 11 Yes Yes70285 (S1833) (( Mar. 18, 1925 2 2+ 4 (I Yes No70286 (S2086) (( Aug. 23, 1925 ? 2+ 5 II70287 (S2110) (( Sept. 22, 1925 2 2+ 4 11 Yes No70288 (S2118) (( Sept. 27, 1925 2 2+ 4 11 Yes No70342 (S2192) Nong Mong Aug. 26, 1925 2 2+ 4 i( Yes No70347 (S1961) Pak Jong May 18, 1925 2+2" 2+ 6 H (15) No70350 18 11 ((70351 (S2011) Lam TongLang July 20, 1925 2 2+ 5 11 Yes No70352 (S2012) (( (( 2 2+ 5 11 (17) No70353 (( July ?, 1925 2 2+ 5 11 No Yes70354 (( (( 2+1 " 2+ 6 II (17) No72075 (S2764) Bangkok Aug. 5, 1926 2+ 1 1* 2+ 5 It Yes Yes72076 (S2779) ({ Aug. 16, 1926 2 2+ 5 It Yes No72077 (S2899) (( Mar. 31, 1926 2 2+ 4 II Yes No75682 (S3492) (( Aug. 4, 1927 2+1 H 2+ 5 11 Yes Yes76121 (S3934) (( July 6, 1928 2 2+ 5 II Yes YesAll the vipers have the two large internasal plates generally in con-tact with each other, but occasionally separated by one or two smallscales. Following the two pairs of enlarged chin shields, there arefrom four to six quite regular pairs of scales before the first gastro-stege is reached.In all the Bangkok vipers, as well as in the one from Nontaburi,the first supralabial is completely fused with the nasal in front of thenostril.In the Lam Tong Lang specimens the first supralabial and thenasal are entirely distinct in one case (70353); in two cases the fusionis only partially completed as a trace of the original suture line isstill plainly evident (70352 and 70354); in one specimen the fusionis complete (70351). In the snake from Pak Jong (70347) the fusionis complete on the left side of the head, while the right side shows thefirst supralabial and the nasal plate quite separate from each other.In 6 out of 18 snakes a small scale is present between the posterioredge of the nasal plate and the second supralabial. The other 12have the nasal and the second supralabial directly in contact. " Azygous. " No on right, yes on left. M Embryo of 70347. " Partially. AET. 11 HEEPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS FROM SIAM?COCHRAN 39TESTUDINATAGEOCLEMYS SUBTRIJUGA (Schlegel and Muller)U.S.N.M.70363 (S1689), adult Bangkok Jan. 24, 1925.71480, half grown do Dec. 21, 1925.72212 (S2722), adult Lem Sing June 14, 1926.72322-3 (S1634-5),juve- Bangkok Nov. 25, 1926.nal.75706 (S3742) do May 21, 1928.The Bangkok specimens were found in the padi fields, where theyare called by the natives "tao na" or "field turtle."HEOSEMYS GRANDIS (Gray)U.S.N.M.71479 PakJong May 13, 1925.This turtle, found in a pool at Pak Jong, is called "tao hin" bythe natives, meaning "rock turtle."HOESEMYS SPINOSA (Gray)U.S.N.M.72729(83086) Ronpibun Jan., 1927. R. Hav-moller.75584(83762) Fran June 4, 1928.CYCLEMYS DENTATA (Gray)U.S.N.M.67570 (81043), Juvenal... Bangkok Sept. 12, 1923.70376 (82149), juvenal... Nong Khor Sept. 30, 1925.At Nong Khor the natives call this turtle "tao bai mai" or "leafturtle." BELUA CRASSICOLIS (Gray)U.S.N.M.70364(82164) Bangkok Oct. 13, 1925.This species is called at Bangkok "tao dam," meaning "blackturtle." TESTUDO ELONGATA BIythU.S.N.M.70365 (82147), adult Lam Tong Lang June 8, 1925.70366 (82148), juvenal... Nong Khor Sept. 24, 1925.72171 (S2618), juvenal... PakJong May 11, 1926.The turtle from Lam Tong Lang was taken in the jungle. Thenatives of that region call it "tao kipueng" or "wax turtle." AtNong Khor, the native name is "tao kaneng" (kaneng= small, orfragment) . AMYDA CARTILAGINEA (Boddaert)U.S.N.M.72727(82605) Bangkok Apr. 26, 1926.72728 (82607) do Sept. 30, 1926.At Bangkok this soft-shelled turtle is called "tao tapab nam." U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTINS OFFICE: 1930