Catalog of the Rutidermatidae
(Crustacea: Ostracoda)
m
ANNE C. COHEN
and
LOUIS S. KORNICKER
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 4 4 9
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y ? N U M B E R 4 4 9
Catalog of the Rutidermatidae
(Crustacea: Ostracoda)
Anne C. Cohen
and Louis S. Kornicker
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1987
A B S T R A C T
Cohen, Anne C, and Louis S. Kornicker. Catalog of the Rutidermatidae (Crustacea:
Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 449, 11 pages, 1987.?A
catalog of the myodocopid ostracode family Rutidermatidae includes all significant
references before March 1986. Other data are presented concerning known distri-
bution, biology, ecology, and life history of the 30 species in the 3 genera (Alterno-
chelata, Rutiderma, Scleraner) of the Rutidermatidae.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the
Institutions annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa
(Linnaeus).
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cohen. Anne C.
Catalog of the Rutidermatidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda)
(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 449)
Bibliography: |>
Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27 : 449
1. Rutidermatidae. I. Kornicker, Louis S., 1919- II. Title. III. Series
QL1.S54 no. 449 [QL444.085] 591s [595.3'3] 86-600283
Contents
Page
Introduction 1
RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896 1
Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958 2
Alternochelata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982 2
Alternochelata nealei Kornicker and Caraion, 1978 2
Alternochelata polychelata Kornicker, 1958 2
Alternochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983 2
Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896 2
Rutiderma antiqua Herrig, 1981 3
Rutiderma arcuatile Kornicker, 1983 3
Rutiderma chessi Kornicker and Myers, 1981 3
Rutiderma cohenae Kornicker, 1983 3
Rutiderma compressum Brady and Norman, 1896 3
Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983 4
Rutiderma dinochelatum Kornicker, 1958 4
Rutiderma fuscum Poulsen, 1965 4
Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975 4
Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983 4
Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965 4
Rutiderma irrostratum Kornicker and Caraion, 1978 5
Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965 5
Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983 5
Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975 5
Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983 5
Rutiderma lomae (Juday, 1907) 5
Rutiderma mollitum Darby, 1965 5
Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965 6
Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965 6
Rutiderma ovatum Kornicker, 1975 6
Rutiderma pax Kornicker, 1984 6
Rutiderma rostratum Juday, 1907 6
Rutiderma rotundum Poulsen, 1965 6
Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981 7
Rutiderma tridens Kornicker and Caraion, 1978 7
Species in Open Nomenclature 7
Rutiderma species, Hansen, 1925 7
Rutiderma species, Poulsen, 1965 7
Rutiderma species, Deevey, 1968 7
Rutiderma species A, Kornicker, 1975 7
Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1975 7
Rutiderma species 1, Poore, Rainer, Spies, and Ward, 1975 7
Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1983 7
Rutiderma species A, McCain, 1984 7
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Rutiderma species B, McCain, 1984
Rutiderma species indeterminate, Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma species, Kornicker, 1985
Scleraner Kornicker, 1975
Scleraner chacaoi (Hartmann, 1965)
Species Incorrectly Assigned to Rutidermatidae
Literature Cited
Catalog of the Rutidermatidae
(Crustacea: Ostracoda)
Anne C. Cohen
and Louis S. Kornicker
Introduction
This publication deals with 1 of the 3 families of Ostra-
coda belonging to the superfamily Sarsiellacea (Kornicker,
1986:178), suborder Myodocopina, in the order Myodocop-
ida (sensu Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, fig.2). The Myodo-
copida comprise 5 families with about 375 species of which
30 species belong to the 3 genera of Rutidermatidae. We
have tried to include all significant references to the family
published before March 1986. The endings of some specific
names have been changed to conform to the neuter gender
of the genus Rutiderma. In addition to the synonymies, the
distribution of each taxon is given. No Rutidermatidae have
been reported from the Arctic, Antarctic, and east coast of
South America. While the absence of rutidermatids from
the cold polar regions is probably real, lack of reports from
eastern South America is probably due to lack of or inade-
quate collecting. Other sparsely represented regions include
much of the Indo-West Pacific, most of the coast of Aus-
tralia, most Pacific islands, and much of the tropical coast
and islands of the Americas.
We list information on the biology, ecology, and life
history of each taxon. Ecological data are mainly restricted
to depth and substrate, but some publications reported
stomach contents, temperature, salinity, parasites, juvenile
stages, and clutch size.
We indicate the kind of type, depository of the holotype,
and type-locality. The names of institutions holding many
of the types listed herein are abbreviated as follows:
USNM = former United States National Museum, collections in the Na-
tional Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
DC.
Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen = Zoological Museum of the University of
Copenhagen.
Anne C. Cohen, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 900 Exposition
Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007. Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Inver-
tebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, DC 20560.
Zoologisches Museum Hamburg = Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches
Museum, Universitat Hamburg.
We thank Elizabeth Harrison for preparation of the
manuscript and for her patience with the many revisions.
We also thank the libraries of the Smithsonian Institution
(particularly Jack Marquardt and Carolyn Hahn), the Allan
Hancock Foundation of the University of Southern Califor-
nia, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural His-
tory for assistance in finding literature; L.B. Holthuis for
advice concerning methodology, and Gerd Hartmann and
Thomas E. Bowman for reviewing the manuscript.
RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896
RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896:626, 628, 639, 673.
General works: Skogsberg, 1920:31,33, 156, 159, 165. 166, 168, 171,
173, 195.?Mertens, 1958, pis. 6, 10?Poulsen, 1962:5, 11, 13,339,365;
1965:5-44, 47-50, 52, 56, 146, 147, 155, 451-454, 456, 457, 464, 465.
468, 481-483, Fig. 152.?Hartmann, 1966:166, 168, 183, 185, 193, 200,
209.?Kornicker, 1975a:34, 35, 37, 38, 41; 1983:1-86.
Diagnosis, description: Brady and Norman, 1896:673.?Kornicker,
1975b:645,646.?Hartmann and Puri, 1974:14.?Kornicker and Caraion,
1978:3.?Kornicker, 1981a:30-36, 42, 43. 46-49, 52, 53. 55-57, 63, 66,
67 [compares to other families].?Cohen, 1982:183.?Kornicker,
1983:12-16.
Keys: Miiller, 1912:34, 35 [Rutiderma].?Poulsen, 1965:17, 18 [Ruti-
derma).?Kornicker, 1975b:646 [south of latitude 35?S].?Kornicker and
Caraion, 1978:54.?Kornicker and Cohen, 1978:500.?Kornicker and
Myers, 1981:3, 4 [California coast].?Kornicker, 1983:16, 25 [genera
worldwide, species of S.E. North America and Gulf of Mexico].
Regional works: East Pacific: Chile: Hartmann, 1965:328-332?Kor-
nicker, 1975b:645-682. Panama: Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 32-35,
43. El Salvador: Hartmann. 1959:195, 196, 198. 199; Kornicker,
1984:127-131. Baja California, Mexico: McKenzie, 1965:58, 62-66. Cali-
fornia, U.S.A.: Juday, 1907:141, 142, 147-149.?Kornicker and Myers,
1981:1-35. Washington (state). U.S.A.: Lie, 1968:274, 288, 550?Lie and
Kisker, 1970:2279.
West Atlantic: Bimini, Bahamas: Kornicker, 1958:224, 236-238. Conti-
nental shelf of S.E. North America and Gulf of Mexico: Kornicker, 1983:1-
86.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
East Atlantic: Bay of Biscay: Brady and Norman, 1896:673-675. West
Africa: Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:54-73. Ivory Coast: Kornicker,
1975a:40-45. Southwest Africa: Klie, 1940:404, 406.?Hartmann,
1974:237.?Hartmann and Hartmann-Schroder, 1975:360. South Africa:
Miiller, 1908:92,93.?Hartmann, 1974:237.?Hartmann and Hartmann-
Schroder, 1975:360.
Indo-West Pacific: Indian Ocean: Mozambique: Hartmann, 1974:237. Red
Sea: Hartmann, 1964:39.?Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 38, 41-44.
Thailand: Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22-32, 34, 38, 41, 452.
Australia: Kornicker, 1982:79.3-806.
General habitat: Marine, benthic: 1-560 (?1100, ?1834) m., lagoons,
sounds, continental shelf, rarely continental slope. Pelagic: Juday,
1907:142.?Poulsen, 1965:41, 44.?Deevey, 1968:12.?Kornicker,
1983:11.
Biology, ecology: Klie, 1940:404, 406 [substrate].?Kornicker,
1958:224, 236-238 [response to light, substrate, temperature, salinity].?
Hartmann, 1964:39 [substrate], 1965:328, 331.?Hartmann-Schroder and
Hartmann, 1965:30, 31 [substrate].?McKenzie, 1965:58-60 [substrate,
temperature, salinity, productivity].?Poulsen, 1965:22, 31, 35
[substrate].?Lie, 1968:274, 288, 550 [substrate].?Lie and Kisker,
1970:2279 [substrate, community].?Kornicker, 1975a:40-45 [substrate,
temperature, salinity]; 1975b:34, 35, 37, 38, 41-43, 46-49, 52, 53, 60,
62, 65, 70, 74, 80 [zonation, depth, food, eye size, clutch size, swimming
bristles].?Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2, 4, 10, 19, 25 [substrate, temper-
ature].?Kornicker, 1982:793 [substrate, salinity]; 1983:4, 7, 11, 12, 24,
70, 85 [substrate, temperature, salinity, food, swimming bristles].
Parasites: Choniostomatid copepods found in Rutiderma darbyi and R.
sterreri.
Life history and ontogeny: Poulsen, 1965:13, 28-31, 34, 37, 38.?
Kornicker, 1975b:52, 74, 658, 660, 661, 665, 673, 674, 680, 682.?
Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:63-65.?Kornicker, 1981a:30-36.?Kor-
nicker and Myers, 1981:2.?Kornicker, 1982:794-799, 801; 1983:22, 25,
28, 33, 43, 51, 59, 67, 70, 77, 84.
Altemochelata Kornicker, 1958
Rutiderma (Altemochelata) Kornicker, 1958:236-238 [type-species, by mon-
otypy: Rutiderma (Altemochelata) polychelata Kornicker, 1958; gender:
feminine].?Poulsen, 1965:11, 17.
Altemochelata.?McKenzie, 1965:62.?Kornicker, 1975b:645, 646, 678.
?Kornicker and Caraion. 1978:66 [keys].?Kornicker, 1983:16 [keys].
DISTRIBUTION.?Atlantic: Great Bahama Bank; northern
Gulf of Mexico; off Mauritania and Spanish Sahara. Pacific:
Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
HABITAT.?Marine, benthic, 1-560 m (questionable rec-
ord at 1100 m; Kornicker, 1983:16) on substrates of sand,
muddy sand, mud, Gorgonacea.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?1-6 brooded eggs, bro-
ken swimming bristles on adult females of A sikorai, A.
nealei, and A. lizardensis.
Altemochelata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982
Alternochrlata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982:793-805, figs. 1-6 [female hol-
oiype: USNM; type-locality: "Lizard Island main lagoon . . . sand flat,
depth 6 m" (Great Barrier Reef. Australia)]; 1983:12, 16, 25 [compares
to other species].
DISTRIBUTION.?Lizard Island Group, Great Barrier
Reef, Australia.
HABITAT.?Benthic; low intertidal-12.3 m; sand flat
near coral reef.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Adult male and female,
A?1 male, 4-6 eggs, broken swimming bristles on females.
Altemochelata nealei Kornicker and Caraion, 1978
Altemochelata nealei Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3-6, 66-73, figs. 56-59
[female holotype: "Grigore Antipa" Museum of Natural History, Bucha-
rest, Romania; type-locality: "Station X013 . . . 19?46'00"N,
17?08'00"W; 61 m . . . Islamic Republic of Mauritania"].?Kornicker
and Myers, 1981:2 [mentions].?Kornicker, 1983:12, 16, 24, 25.
Altemochelata neali.?Kornicker, 1982:805 [compares to A. lizardensis;
misspelling].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Atlantic off Islamic Republic
of Mauritania and Spanish Sahara.
HABITAT.?Benthic, shelf-bathyal, 53-560 m (question-
able record at 1100 m); mud, muddy sand, Gorgonacea
washings, sand substrates.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Adult male and female,
2-3 eggs, female with broken natatory bristles.
Altemochelata polychelata Kornicker, 1958
Rutiderma (Altemochelata) polychelata Kornicker, 1958:232, 237, 238, figs.
46:6A,B, 59A-F., 86c-G [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: station
"110F-2 . . . Bimini Id., Bahama Ids"]?Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 43.
Rutiderma polychelata.?Hartmann, 1965:328 [mentions].
Altemochelata polychelata.?McKenzie, 1965:62 [inferred].?Kornicker
and Caraion, 1978:66, 73 [compares to A. nealei].?Kornicker,
1982:793, 805 [compares to A. lizardensis]; 1983:11-14, 16, 17, 25, fig.
5.
DISTRIBUTION.?Bimini, Bahamas.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 1-5 m; calcareous sand; about
29?C, about 37%o salinity.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, juvenile fe-
male.
Altemochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983
Altemochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983:1, 7-10, 12-14, 16-25, figs. 6-9
[female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Sta EFG-2, in vicinity of East
Flower Garden, continental shelf off Texas . . . 27?53'N, 93?38'W . . .
112 m"].
Altemochelata species A.?Flint, 1981, fig. 4.
DISTRIBUTION.?Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana and
Texas.
HABITAT.?Benthic, 61-137.2 m.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Adult male and female,
1-3 eggs; broken swimming bristles on female.
Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896
Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896:623, 627, 640-642, 673 [type-species,
by monotypy: Rutiderma compressa Brady and Norman, 1896; gender:
NUMBER 449
neuter].?Juday, 1907:147 [diagnosis].?Miiller, 1908:90-92 [diagnosis,
compares to other genera]; 1912:24, 34, 35 [diagnosis, key].?Skogs-
berg, 1920:165-168, 173 [systematic position].?Kornicker, 1958:236,
237 [diagnosis of subgenus Rutiderma].?Hartmann, 1965:328 [com-
pares to Alternochelata].?McKenzie, 1965:57, 62 [diagnosis, compares
to Alternochelata].?Poulsen, 1965:6-17 [diagnosis, general], 17, 18
[key], 43 [map], 52, 453, 456, figs. 151c, 152B.?Hartmann, 1966:129,
165, 183, 184; 1975:588, 589, 591, 681.?Kornicker, 1975b:645-648,
678 [diagnosis, compares to other genera, key to Antarctic species].?
Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2 [diagnosis, key to California species].?
Kornicker, 1983:25, 26 [key to species of western North Atlantic and
Gulf of Mexico].
DISTRIBUTION.?Between latitudes 45?N and 53?S. East
Pacific: Washington (state), U.S.A.; Pt. Arguello, California,
U.S.A. to Scammon Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico; El
Salvador; Pearl Islands, Panama; Chile. West Atlantic: Ber-
muda, North Carolina to Florida, Bahama Islands; Gulf of
Mexico: Florida to Texas; Caribbean Sea: Belize; Virgin
Islands; Barbados. East Atlantic: Bay of Biscay; Ivory Coast;
South West Africa; South Africa. Indo-West Pacific: Moz-
ambique; Red Sea; Thailand; Melbourne, Australia.
HABITAT.?Marine, lowest reported salinity 30%o (R.
mollitum); mostly benthic, intertidal to 317 m (questionably
collected at 1834 m) on substrates of sand, shelly sand, sand-
mud and gravel, sand in Thalassia beds, ooze and sand, eel
grass in tide pools, tuft-algae and coral-algae reefs, corals,
gravels, mud, oyster shells, red sponge and algae, silty clay,
clay; also collected in surface and bottom plankton (Ruti-
derma lomae, R. arcuatile, R. fusca, R. species).
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Juvenile sexual di-
morphism (Poulsen, 1965:13); 1-4 brooded eggs.
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Annelids, diatoms, copepods, po-
lychaetes, harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, crustaceans.
PARASITES.?Choniostomatid copepods (Rutiderma dar-
byi and R. sterreri).
Rutiderma antiqua Herrig, 1981
Rutiderma antiqua Herrig, 1981:682, 683, fig. 4; pi. Ill : fig. 7; pi. IV: figs.
1-5; pi. V: fig. 1.
DISTRIBUTION.?Lowermost Jurassic (Lower Sinemurian
to Upper Pliensbachian), Thuringia, German Democratic
Republic.
HABITAT.?Marly sediments.
MATERIAL.?Adults and juveniles.
REMARKS.?This is the only fossil record of the family.
The small size of the specimens suggests to the present
authors that they are probably Cladocopa.
Rutiderma arcuatile Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma arcuatile Kornicker, 1983:11-13, 25. 67-70, figs. 39, 40 [female
holotype: USNM; type-locality: "East side of Bolongo Bay, St. Thomas
Island, U.S. Virgin Islands . . . 18?18'59"N, 64?53'45"W . . . inter-
tidal"].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: Virgin Islands: St.
Croix and St. Thomas Islands.
HABITAT.?Benthic, intertidal, shifting sands by rocks;
planktonic near bottom, 9 m, outer reef.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, 3 eggs.
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Copepods.
Rutiderma chessi Kornicker and Myers, 1981
Rutiderma chessi Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2, 3, 31-34, figs. 19, 20
[female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "San Clemente Island, sta D-3"].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Pacific: off California,
U.S.A.: San Clemente Island.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, 4 eggs.
Rutiderma cohenae Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma cohenae Kornicker, 1983:4, 11-13, 15, 25, 26, 62-67, 85, figs.
36-38 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "San Salvador, Bahamas
. . . San Salvador Island, dump reef. . . about 4 m"].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: Key West, Florida,
U.S.A. and San Salvador Island, Bahamas.
HABITAT.?Benthic; subtidal to 4 m; sand in Thalassia
beds.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, 3-4 eggs.
Rutiderma compressum Brady and Norman, 1896
Rutiderma compressa Brady and Norman, 1896:623, 673-675, pi. 58, figs.
9-16 [holotype: unknown; type-locality: "one of these was from off the
Cap de Penas (Bay of Biscay), the other from the Fosse de Cap Breton;
depth, 150 metres."].?Darby, 1965:29 [compares to R. motlita].?
McKenzie, 1965:62 [mentions].?Poulsen, 1965:6, 8, 9, 17, 18, 38,
43.?Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:30, 646,
657, 675.?Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:2, 54, 65, 66 [compares to R.
tridens].?Kornicker, 1983:25 [mentions]; 1985:3 [mentions].
\'t]Rutiderma compressa?Mutier, 1908:53, 92, 93, pi. 7: figs 1-13 [ques-
tionably referred to R. tridens by Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:60, 65:
"The carapace of R. tridens resembles that of the female of R. compressa
from South Africa illustrated by Miiller (1908, pi. 7:1). Miiller's specimen
has been put into synonymy of R. tridens with a question, because the 1st
antenna illustrated by Muller (1908, pi. 7:2) does not show a lateral
bristle on the 2nd joint, but this could be because the illustration is a
medial view of the limb. The 1st, 3rd, and 4th endites of the 6th limb
illustrated by Muller (1908, pi. 7:12) have a different number of bristles
than do the same endites of the two specimens of R. tridens described
herein, but this could be the result of intraspecific variability."]-?Muller,
1912:35.?Klie, 1940:404, 406 [identification of African specimens
needs verification].?Hartmann, 1964:39 [identification of Red Sea spec-
imens needs verification]; 1966:183, 201, fig. 115b (after Muller].?
Hart mann-Schroder and Hartmann, 1974:70, 76, 78, 84 [distribution].
Rutiderma (Rutiderma) compressa.?Kornicker, 1958:236, 237 [compares to
R. dtnochelata].
[}]Rutiderma africana.?Puri, 1966:484 [Puri credits R. africana Muller to
Klie, 1940:404-448, but R. africana is not described or mentioned in
the Klie, 1940 or Miiller publications. Puri probably meant R. compressa
instead of R. africana because Klie, 1940 lists R. compressa between
Cypridina dorsoserrata Muller and Philomedes africana Klie, and Puri,
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
1966, lists R. africana Miiller between Cypridina dorsoserrata Miiller and
Philomedes africana Klie).
\~?]Rutiderma cf. compressa.?Hartmann-Schroder and Hartmann, 1974:48,
56, 77.?Hartmann, 1974:237.?Hartmann and Hartmann-Schroder,
1975:360 [identification of African specimens needs verification).
Not Rutiderma compressa.?Hartmann, 1965:328 [adults = R. gerdhart-
manni Kornicker, 1975; juveniles = R. species A, Kornicker, 1975].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay: Cabo
de Penas, Spain; Fosse Capbreton, France (fide Klie, 1940).
[?]Southeast Atlantic: Liideritz Bay, South West Africa;
Simonstown, Atlantic coast of South Africa near Cape of
Good Hope. [?]Indo-West Pacific: Al Ghurdaqah, Egypt,
Red Sea; Tongaat, coast of South Africa; Xai Xai, Mocam-
bique, Mozambique.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 150 m; [?]l-2 m, subtidal; [?]shal-
low, sand; [?]rock and gravel beach, hummock-algae, tropi-
cal littoral; [?]rock-dwelling.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, A?1 female,
juvenile.
Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma dinochelata.?Darby, 1965:28, 56, 57, pi. 13: figs. 1-9, pi. 14:
figs. 1-7.?Kornicker, 1975b:65, 74. [Not Kornicker, 1958.]
Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker.?Bradford, 1980:141, fig. 2 [deliberate no-
men nudem].
Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983:2-7, 11-14, 17, 25, 36-47, 62, 85, figs.
18-24, pi. 1 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Georgia continental
shelf, 31?05'N, 80?35'W . . . 26 m*]; 1985:25.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: North Carolina to
Florida, U.S.A.; Gulf of Mexico: Florida; Bahamas.
HABITAT.?Benthic; intertidal to 168 m; sea grasses;
sediment between rocks; surface sediment of tidal flat with
Diplanthera; fine to coarse sand; Thalassia bed.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 2-4
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Annelids, diatoms, copepods.
PARASITES.?Choniostomatid copepods (Bradford, 1980;
Kornicker, 1983:43).
Rutiderma dinochelatum Kornicker, 1958
Rutiderma (Rutiderma) dinochelata Kornicker, 1958:224, 236-238, figs.
46:8A,B. 57A-F, 58A-D, 86B.F,J [female holotype: USNM; type-locality:
"Bimini area . . . Great Bahama Bank . . . bottom . . . 1-20 meters").
Philomedes lomae.?Kornicker, 1958:233, 234, figs. 46:7A,B, 52:A-E, 53:A-
D, 86:A,F..I.?Poulsen, 1965:15,17 [recognizes specimens as male Ruti-
derma]. [Notjuday. 1907.]
Rutiderma (Rutiderma) donochelata.?Kornicker, 1958:297, fig. 86B,FJ [mis-
spelling].
Rutxderma dinochelata.?Hartmann. 1965:328 [mentions].?McKenzie,
1965:66 [compares to R. judayi].?Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 43.?
Kornicker. 1969:1 10; 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:675.
Rutiderma dinochelatum.?Kornicker, 1981b:8 [compares to R. sterreri];
198311-14, 25-28, 70. figs. 10. 11.
Not Rutiderma dinochelata.?Darby, 1965:28, 56, 57, pi. 13: figs. 1-9, pi.
14: figs. 1-7 [= R. darbyi Kornicker, 1983].?Kornicker, 1975b:65, 74.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: Bahama Islands:
Bimini and Andros Islands.
HABITAT.?Benthic, intertidal-20 m; temperature:
about 29?C; salinity: 31-42%o.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, juvenile fe-
male.
BIOLOGY.?Response to light (Kornicker, 1958:224).
Rutiderma fuscum Poulsen, 1965
Rutiderma fusca Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 38, 41-44, fig. 12 [male
holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: "Guardaga, Red
Sea; surface" (perhaps locality is Al Ghurdaqah, Egypt)].?Kornicker,
1975b:70, 80.?Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.
DISTRIBUTION.?Type-locality only.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Male.
Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975
Rutiderma compressa.?Hartmann, 1965:328 [part: adults].?Hartmann-
Schroder and Hartmann, 1965:25, 30, 33, 41, 45 [adults only]. [Not
Brady and Norman, 1896.]
Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975a:43 [nomen nudum]; 1975b:25,
29, 47, 60, 70, 74, 80, 646-657, 673-675, 678, figs. 406, 408-410
[female holotype: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg; type-locality: "Bahia
Ingles, Chile, 41?48'S, 75?53'W; 12 m").?Hartmann and Petersen,
1978:228 [location of types].?Kornicker, 1981a:67.
DISTRIBUTION.?Type-locality only.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 12 m; sand-mud and gravel.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 4 eggs.
Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983:4-8, 10-13, 15, 25, 54-62, 80, figs. 30-
35, pi. 3 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Gulf of Mexico off
Galveston, Texas . . . 28? 10'N, 94? 18'W; 53.5 m").
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: Florida shelf,
U.S.A.; predominantly Gulf of Mexico: Florida to Texas.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 6.1-148 m.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 1-4
eggs.
Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965
Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 32-35, 43, fig. 8
[female holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: "SW-Bay,
San Jose, Pearl Ids., Panama, E. Pacific; 9 m"].?Kornicker, 1975a:43
[compares to R. leloeuffi].?Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.?Kor-
nicker, 1975b:70, 80, 678.?Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.?Kor-
nicker, 1985:ii, iii, 1-27, figs. 1-9.
Not Rutiderma rostrata.?Hartmann, 1959:195, 196, 198, 199 [placed in
synonymy of R. hartmanni by Poulsen, 1965; transferred to synonymy of
R. pax].
DISTRIBUTION.?East Pacific: San Jose, Pearl Islands,
Panama.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 9 m; ooze and sand.
NUMBER 449
LIFE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT.?Male, female, juve-
niles, life history, sexual dimorphism, swimming bristles
(Kornicker, 1985).
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Nematode (in female), spheres
and sclerites (in male).
Rutiderma irrostratum Kornicker and Caraion, 1978
Rutiderma irrostratum Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3-6, 54, 56-60, 106,
figs. 49-51, pi. 31 [female A?1 juvenile holotype: "Grigore Antipa"
Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania; type-locality: "Station
X053 . . . 21?47'00"N, 17?28'02"W; 260 m . . . Spanish Sahara"].?
Kornicker, 1981a:67.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Atlantic off Spanish Sahara,
Mauritania.
HABITAT.?Benthic; shelf-bathyal; 94-250 m; sand and
mud.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Ovigerous female, A-
1 female and male, juvenile.
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Harpacticoid copepod, poly-
chaete, nematode in gut.
Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965
Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965:58, 64, 66, fig. 3, pi. 1: fig. 2, [female
holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Laguna Ojo de Liebre . . . Scammon
lagoon, Baja California . . . about 7 m"].?Kornicker, 1975b:678 [com-
pares to R. species B].?Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2-4, 25-31, 34,
figs. 15-18.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Pacific in Scammon Lagoon,
Baja California, Mexico; San Diego and San Clemente Is-
land, California, U.S.A.
HABITAT.?Benthic, 7-21 m; fine to coarse sands, mostly
poorly sorted, quartz and sometimes shells principle com-
ponents, surface water temperature and salinity: 18.5?C-
25?C, 34-37%o; lagoon organic production rate: 50 mg c/
m3/day; part of lower lagoon faunal assemblage; 3 cm deep,
eel grass in tide pools.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male.
Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983:1, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 25, 73-80, figs.
44-48 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "South Texas continental
shelf, off Port Isabel . . . 26?10'N, 96?24'W . . . 91 m"].
Rutiderma kalke.?Kornicker, 1983:12 [misspelling].
DISTRIBUTION.?Gulf of Mexico: South Texas shelf,
U.S.A.
HABITAT.?Benthic, 91 m.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 3 eggs.
FOOD.?Nematode.
Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975
Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975a:2, 40-45, figs. 29-32 [adult female
holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Station 18, near Grand Bassam, Ivory
Coast . . . 5?12'05"N, 3?49'05"W, 20 m"].?Kornicker and Caraion,
1978:2-4, 6, 54-56, 66, 103-105, fig. 48, pis. 28-30.?Kornicker,
1981a:67.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Atlantic: off Ivory Coast and
Mauritania.
HABITAT.?Benthic; shelf-bathyal; 20-150 m; fine sand;
water temperature and salinity: 28.9?C, 34.4%o.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, A?1 male.
Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983:2, 4-8, 10, 12-14, 25, 47-54, 85, figs.
25-29, pi. 2 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Gulf of Mexico, off
Galveston, Texas, 53 m . . . 28?16'N, 94?06'30"W"]; 1984:130, fig. 3c
[compares with R. pax].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: North Carolina
shelf, U.S.A.; Gulf of Mexico: Florida, Alabama, and Texas.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 17-68 m.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 1-3
eggs-
Rutiderma lomae (Juday, 1907)
Philomedes lomae Juday, 1907:141, 142 [syntypes not extant; female neo-
type: USNM, designated by Kornicker and Myers, 1981:10; neotype-
locality:"33?34'15"N, 118?00'45"W"].?Muller, 1912:26, 31.?Skogs-
berg, 1920:380 [not in Philomedes].?Lucas, 1931:399 [mentions].?
Poulsen, 1962:358, 395 [compares to Sderoconcha].?McKenzie,
1965:57 [mentions].?Poulsen, 1965:15-17, 22.
\}]Philomedes lomae.?Hartmann, 1956:230, 231, 247; 1957:60, 61, 76
table opposite p. 83 [identification of specimens from El Salvador needs
verification].?Hartmann-Schroder and Hartmann, 1962:33, 34, 48.?
Hartmann, 1962:171, 264 [identification of specimens from Chile needs
verification].
Rutiderma lomae.?Kornicker and Myers, 1981:1-4, 10-18, 34, figs. 5-10
[designates neotype].
Not Philomedes lomae.?Kornicker, 1958:233, 234, figs. 46:7A,B, 52:A-E,
53:A-D, 86:A,E,I [= R. dinochelatum].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Pacific: California, U.S.A.
(locality data for Juday, 1907, in Michael and McEwen,
1915:133, 143): off San Diego, off Santa Catalina Island,
and Oxnard; [?]E1 Salvador. [?]Southeast Pacific: Bay of
Caldera, Chile.
HABITAT.?Planktonic, surface (Juday, 1907); benthic,
sediment 9.8?C. [?]Benthic; upper sublittoral, shelly sand
beach.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Male, female, juvenile
female, 4 eggs.
Rutiderma mollitum Darby, 1965
Rutiderma mollita Darby. 1965:29, 58. pi. 15: figs. 1, 2 [female holotype:
University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology; type-locality: "from 65
feet of water . . . offshore . . . vicinity of Sapelo Island, Georgia"].?
Kornicker, 1975b:74.?Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:66 [compares to
R. tridens].
Rutiderma mollitum.?Kornicker, 1983:2-7, 12, 13, 15, 25, 28-36, 54, 85,
figs. 12-17.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: shelf off South Car-
olina to Florida; Gulf of Mexico: shelf off Florida, Alabama.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 5.4-190 m; salinity about 30%c
(Darby) and 35%o, 32 ?C, fine to coarse sand.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 3-4
Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965
Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 38-41, 43, 44, fig. 11
[male holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: "Virgin Ids.,
West Indies"]; 1969:35, fig. 1 lc.?Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R.
Uloeuffi].?Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.?Kornicker, 1975b:70,
80.?Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.?Kornicker, 1983:12, 13, 25,
28, 62, 67, 70.
DISTRIBUTION.?Type-locality only.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Male.
Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965
Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22-32, 34, 38, 41,
452, figs. 4-7, 150 [female holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen;
type-locality: "Thailand, Koh Kahdat; 8-10 m"].?Cohen and Kornicker,
1975:21,26.?Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:70,
74, 80.?Hanai, Ikeya, and Yajima, 1980:49.?Kornicker and Cohen,
1981:740? Hiruta, 1983:674, tbl. 1 .?Kornicker, 1985:14.
DISTRIBUTION.?Type-locality only.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 2-17 m; sand, gravel, corals.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, juvenile
male, juvenile females?, 4 eggs.
Rutiderma ovatum Kornicker, 1975
Rutiderma ovata Kornicker, 1975b: 10, 29, 47, 60, 65, 70, 74, 80, 646, 647,
650, 655-673, 687, figs. 412-424, 432 h-k [female holotype: USNM;
type-locality: "Eltanin Cruise 3, station 71, sample 71-26 . . . 31?05'S,
71?44'W to 31?06'S, 71?47'W; 192-176 meters . . . shelf. . . west of
Chile"]; I981a:67.?Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.?Kornicker,
1985:25,26.
DISTRIBUTION.?Southeast Pacific: off Chile: 31?10'S,
71?56'W; 31?05'S, 71?44'W; 31?06'S, 71?47'W.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 192-176 m (shelf); [?] 1834 m (prob-
ably not collected at that depth).
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, A?1 ju-
venile male, juvenile, 2-4 eggs.
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Nematodes, crustaceans, anne-
lids, copepods.
Rutiderma pax Kornicker, 1984
Rutiderma rostrata.?Hartmann, 1959:195, 196, 198, 199.?Kornicker
and Myers, 1981:4 [note in synonymy that species not R. rostratum Juday,
1907]. [Not Juday, 1907.)
Rutiderma rostata.?Hartmann, 1959:195 [misspelling].
Rutiderma kartmanni Poulsen, 1965:32 [part; includes only R. rostrata of
Hartmann in synonymy].
Rutiderma pax Kornicker, 1984:127-131, figs. l -3a [female holotype:
Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, type-locality: "Off Mejanguera Island,
Gulf of Fonseca, El Salvador, sublittoral . . . 12 m"].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Pacific: El Salvador: Mejan-
guera.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 12 m; mud.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, 1 egg.
Rutiderma rostratum Juday, 1907
Rutiderma rostrata Juday, 1907:142, 147-149, pi. 20: figs. 8-13 [female
holotype: unique specimen, probably not extant; type-locality: "Catch
612, Glorietta Bight, San Diego Bay, June 30, 1903" (32?40.6'N,
117?10.5'W, 0 m, locality given in Michaels and McEwen, 1915:133,
143)].?Muller 1912:35.?Lucas, 1931:399 [mentions].?Poulsen,
1965:6-9, 17, 18, 22, 31-35, 43 [Juday specimens only].
Rutiderma (Rutiderma) rostrata.?Kornicker, 1958:236, 237 [compares to
R. dinochelata].
[}]Rutiderma rostrata.?Lie, 1968:274, 288, 550 [specimens not available;
identification needs verification].?Lie and Kisker, 1970:2279.
Rutiderma rostratum.?Kornicker and Myers, 1981:1-10, figs. 1-4.?Kor-
nicker, 1984:127-130, fig. 3b,d [compares to R. pax].
Not Rutiderma rostrata.?Hartmann, 1959:195, 196, 198, 199 [= R. pax
Kornicker, 1983]; 1965:328 [mentions].?Poulsen, 1965:8, 11, 14, 17-
22, 31-35, 38, 41, 43, figs. 2, 3 [= R. species].?McKenzie, 1965:58,
62-64, fig. 2; pi. 1: fig. 3, [= R. species].?Cohen and Kornicker,
1975:21, 26.?Kornicker, 1975b:70, 80, 678.?Kornicker and Cohen,
1981:740.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Pacific: off California,
U.S.A.: San Diego, Oxnard, Monticeito. [?]Northeast Pa-
cific: Washington, U.S.A.: Puget Sound and off northern
coast about 125?W between 47?N and 48?N.
HABITAT.?Benthic: 11-22 m; sand. [?]Benthic; 15-317
m; sand, sand and mud, mud, mud and gravel, fine sand
mixed with shell fragments.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 2 eggs.
ECOLOGY.?[?]Community (Lie, 1968).
Rutiderma rotundum Poulsen, 1965
Rutiderma rotunda Poulsen, June 10, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 34-38, 43, 455,
figs. 9, 10 [female holotype: Zoolog. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-
locality: "La Jolla, California, shallow water"].?Cohen and Kornicker,
1975:21, 26.?Kornicker, 1975b:70, 74, 80, 673; 1985:14.
Rutiderma californica McKenzie, July 15, 1965:58, 65, 66, fig. 4; pi. 1: fig.
1 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: "Laguna Ojo de Liebre .. .
Scammon Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico"].?Kornicker, 1975b:673
[compares to R. ovata}.
Rutiderma rotundum.?Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2, 3, 18-25, figs. 11-
14.
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Pacific: California, U.S.A: off
La Jolla (Poulsen), Irvine Beach, Ocean Beach (San Diego),
between Newport Beach and Laguna Beach; Mexico: Scam-
mon Lagoon, Baja California.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 0.3-less than 22 m; shallow water,
rocks with algae, eel grass, tide pools; fine to coarse sand,
mostly poorly sorted, mainly quartz or shell, 18.5?C surface
NUMBER 449
water, surface salinity 34-37%o, productivity about 50 mg
c/m:Vday; eel grass and tide pool vegetation.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Females, male, juvenile
females, 2-4 eggs.
Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981
Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981b: 1, 2, 5-8, figs. 3-5 [female holotype:
USNM; type-locality: "Harrington Sound, Bermuda . . . about 11 m"];
1983:11-13, 25, 70-73, figs. 41-43.?Maddocks and Kornicker,
1986:282, pi. 90 [part].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: Bermuda.
HABITAT.?Benthic; intertidal-11 m; algae, grasses, oys-
ters, shells, mud with grass, mud, coarse sand with Thalassia
and Halimeda overlying mud, red sponge and algae, sand/
mud under rocks.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 4 eggs.
PARASITES.?Choniostomatid copepod (Kornicker,
1981:8).
Rutiderma tridens Kornicker and Caraion, 1978
Rutiderma tridens Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3-5, 54, 60-66, 107, 108,
figs. 52-55, pis. 32, 33 [A-l juvenile male holotype, USNM; type-
locality: "Station X051 . . .21?48'01"N,17?02'00"W;30m;. . .Spanish
Sahara"].?Kornicker, 1981a:67.
['^Rutiderma compressa.?Mutter, 1908:53, 92, 93, pi. 7: figs. 1-13 [ques-
tionably referred to R. tridens by Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:60, 65:
"The carapace of R. tridens resembles that of the female of R. compressa
from South Africa illustrated by Miiller (1908, pi. 7:1). Miiller's specimen
has been put into synonymy of R. tridens with a question, because the 1st
antenna illustrated by Miiller (1908, pi. 7:2) does not show a lateral
bristle on the 2nd joint, but this could be because the illustration is a
medial view of the limb. The 1st, 3rd, and 4th endites of the 6th limb
illustrated by Miiller (1908, pi. 7:12) have a different number of bristles
than do the same endites of the two specimens of R. tridens described
herein, but this could be the result of intraspecific variability."].?Miiller,
1912:35.?Hartmann, 1966:183, 201, fig. 115b [after Miiller]. [Not
Brady and Norman, 1896.]
DISTRIBUTION.?Northeast Atlantic: off Spanish Sahara.
[?]Southeast Atlantic: South Africa.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 30 m; sand.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?A?1 male.
Species in Open Nomenclature
Rutiderma species, Hansen, 1925
Rutiderma species.?Hansen, 1925:63, pi. 4: fig. 2.
Rutiderma species, Poulsen, 1965
Rutiderma species.?Poulsen, 1965, figs. 151c, 152B.
DISTRIBUTION.?Planktonic; northwest Atlantic: Sar-
gasso Sea off Bermuda, 32? 10'N, 64?30'W, bottom depth
about 3000 m.
Rutiderma species A, Kornicker, 1975
Rutiderma (Rutiderma) compressa.?Hartmann, in Hartmann-Schrdder and
Hartmann, 1965:328 [part: N-l male]. [Not Brady and Norman, 1896.]
Rutiderma compressa.?Hartmann-Schrdder and Hartmann, 1965:30, 33,
41, 45 [N-l male only].
Rutiderma species A.?Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi];
1975b:25, 29, 47, 60, 70, 646, 647, 656, 673-675, 678, fig. 425.
DISTRIBUTION.?Southeast Pacific: Bahia Ingles, Chile;
4I?48'S, 75?53'W.
HABITAT.?Benthic; 12 m; mud with sand and rocks.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?A?1 juvenile male.
Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1975
Rutiderma species B.?Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi];
1975b: 12, 16, 29, 60, 62, 80, 646, 647, 650, 656, 675-678, figs. 426,
427.
DISTRIBUTION.?Southeast Pacific: off Chile: 52?56'S,
75?00'W to 52?56'S, 75?00'W; 50?20'S, 75?20'W, Seno
Contreras, Isla Gravello, Chile.
HABITAT.?Bottom, 92-101 m (shelf): 1-2 m, fine to
medium sand, much attached algae, perhaps slightly brack-
ish.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Male.
Rutiderma species 1, Poore, Rainer, Spies, and Ward,
1975
Rutiderma species 1.?Poore, Rainer, Spies, and Ward, 1975:31, 61.
Rutiderma species.?Kornicker, 1982:793 [mentions].
DISTRIBUTION.?Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne, Australia.
HABITAT.?Benthic; more than 20 m; silty clay and clay,
salinity 34.95%o (station data in Beasley, 1966:69-105, and
Poore and Rainer, 1975:373).
Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma species B.?Kornicker, 1983:1, 10, 12, 13, 15, 25, 26, 80-85,
figs. 49-51.
DISTRIBUTION.?Gulf of Mexico: South Texas Shelf,
U.S.A.
HABITAT.?Benthic: 15 m.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Female, male, 1-2
STOMACH CONTENTS.?Nematode.
Rutiderma species, Deevey, 1968
Rutiderma species.?Deevey, 1968:12.
Rutiderma species A, McCain, 1984
Rutiderma species A.?McCain, 1984:99.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
DISTRIBUTION.?Arabian Gulf (northern area).
HABITAT.?Near-shore seagrass.
Rutiderma species B, McCain, 1984
Rutiderma species B.?McCain, 1984:99
DISTRIBUTION.?Arabian Gulf (northern area).
HABITAT.?Near-shore seagrass.
Rutiderma species indeterminate, Kornicker, 1983
Rutiderma species indeterminate.?Kornicker, 1983:3, 11, 12, 25, 85 [=
one or more species].
DISTRIBUTION.?Northwest Atlantic: Florida shelf,
U.S.A.; Bahamas: Andros Island; U.S. Virgin Islands: St.
Croix, Tague Bay; Windward Islands: Barbados.
HABITAT.?Benthic, intertidal-subtidal; planktonic in
water column above bottom.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?Male, A?1 juvenile
male, juveniles.
Rutiderma species, Kornicker, 1985
Sarsiella species I.?Bonaduce, Ciliberto, Minichelli, Masoli, and Pugliese,
1983, fig. 2:5.
Rutiderma species.?Kornicker, 1985:26.
DISTRIBUTION.?Red Sea.
Scleraner Kornicker, 1975
Scleraner Kornicker, 1975b:645, 646, 648, 656, 678. [Type-species by
original designation: Rutiderma (Rutiderma) chacaoi Hartmann, 1965.
Gender: masculine.]
This genus comprises a single species.
Scleraner chacaoi (Hartmann, 1965)
Rutiderma (Rutiderma) chacaoi Hartmann, 1965:328-332, figs. 36-44 [A-l
juvenile female holotype: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg; type-locality:
"Golf von Corcovado, Kanal von Chacao, Siidchile" (South Chile)].
Rutiderma chacaoi.?Hartmann-Schroder and Hartmann, 1965:24, 30, 33,
45 [station data, ecology].?Hartmann, 1966:129, 183, 184, figs. 73i,
106e [after Hartmann, 1965]; 1975:682, fig. 398a [after Hartmann,
1965].?Hartmann and Petersen, 1978:228 [location of types].
Scleraner chacaoi.?Kornicker, 1975b: 16, 24, 29, 47, 60, 62, 70, 80, 650,
656, 678-682, fig. 428.
Scleraner chacoi.?Kornicker, 1983:12 [misspelling].
DISTRIBUTION.?Southeast Pacific: Chile: Golfo de Cha-
cao; 53?41'40"S, 72?0'45"W (shelf), Fortesque Bay,
Straits of Magellan; 50? 16'42"S, 74?48'28"W (shelf).
HABITAT.?Benthic; 190 m; fine-grained sand with mud,
detritus and rocks, temperature about 11?C, 02 about 3.5
ml/1, 21.3 and 30 m, bottom coarse with much red algae
and bottom of pea gravel with mud.
LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.?A?1 female, A?1 male,
juveniles.
Species Incorrectly Assigned to Rutidermatidae
RutidermaQ) species.?Bonaduce, Ciliberto, Minichelli, Ma-
soli, and Pugliese, 1983, fig 2:4.
Incertae sedis.?Kornicker, 1985:26 [may be a larval ascoth-
oracid (Grygier, 1985:296); distribution: Red Sea].
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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
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