A REVIEW OF THE CARDINAL FISHES OF JAPAN. By David Stark Jordan and John Otterbein Snyder,Of tJie Leland Stanford Junior Unirersi([f. In the present paper the species of Apogonlda} known from thewaters of Japan are brought under consideration. It is based on col-lections obtained by the authors in 1900 for Leland Stanford JuniorUniversity, as well as upon a study of the Japanese fishes belonging-to the United States National Museum. A series of duplicates of thefishes collected by the authors has been placed in the United StatesNational Museum. Family APOGONID^E.CARDINAL FISHES.Body ol)long or elongate, sometimes compressed and elevated, coveredwith rather large scales, which are striated and ctenoid, or sometimescycloid; cheeks scaly; lateral line continuous; cleft of mouth wnde,oblique; villiform teeth on jaws and vomer, and sometimes on palatines;canines sometimes present (teeth wanting in Bi'tpJiOxtoma)', preoperclewith a single or double ridge, its edges entire or serrated; opercularspine little developed; lower pharyngeals separate, with sharp teeth;pseudo-branehiie present; branchiostegals 6 or 7. Dorsal fins wellseparated, the first with (> to !? rather strong spines; no dorsal sheath orfurrow; anal fin short, with 2 or 3 spines; ventral fins thoracic, I, 5,without axillary scale. Gill-rakers slender; gill membranes separate,free from the isthmus. . Small fishes of the Tropics, especially abun-dant in the East Indies, some of them in fresh waters, most of themin rather deep waters. In Japan, notwithstanding their small size,thev have great importance in the markets as food-fishes.a. Yent posterior, not far from front of anal fin.b. Apogonimc. Anal spines 2; body oblong; teeth present, in jaws at least; preo-percle with a double ridge. c. Canine teeth none, the teeth all villiform; lateral line normal; palatines withteeth.(/. Scales large, 20 to 30 in lateral line. e. Preopercle with its margins entire; dorsal spines 7; anal with 8 to 12 softrays Apogonichtln/s. 1.Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXIII?No. 1240. Sid 892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.xxiu. ee. Preopercle with its margins both serrate, at least in the young./. Anal with 8 to 10 soft rays; first dorsal with 6 or 7 spines Apogou. 2.ff. Anal with 13 to 17 soft rays; first dorsal with 6 spines Arcliamia. 3.(T. Canine teeth present; scales large; anal with 7 to 9 soft rays.g. Dorsal spines 6; preopercle serrate I'aram in. 4.gg. Dorsal spines 8 or 9; preopercle with no bony serrations.//. Jaws with a few canines and a band of villiform teeth; scales large(about 36 ) Melanostoma. 5./(//. Jaws with many canines and no villiform teeth; scales small(about 62) Telexcopkis. 6.hh. Scomhropin,r. Anal spines 3 or 4; body elongate; mouth large; soft dorsal andanal long of 12 to 13 soft rays; dorsal spines 8; scales small; preopercle witha single ridge Scomhrupx. 7.au. Arro})omin;r. Vent anterior, nearer rf)ot of ventrals than origin of anal; opercu-lum produced in a long, denticulated i)oint; preopercle entire; jaws with smallcanines; palatines with teeth; scales moderate; lower jaw longest. D. YII-I,10. A. Ill, 7 Acropoma. 8. 1. APOGONICHTHYS Bleeker.A])0(/onic}it]iyx Bleeker, Floris, 1854, p. 321 {jjerdi.r) . Thi.s geiuts differ.s from AjXHjon onh' in having- the preopercle entireat all ages; scales ver^" large (20 to 26) and cycloid. Dorsal spines 7in topical species, the soft dorsal and anal with 9 to 12 rays. Smallspecies, similar in habit to those of Apogon^ found in the tropical seas.{Ap(>. 942 {hi'>i((tio<)Bod}' oblong, compressed, covei'cd with large, ctenoid scales. Lat-eral line continuous, with 20 to 30 scales. Head large; mouth wide,oblique, the maxillary extending to below middle of the large eye;villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines; no canine teeth; pre-opercle with a double ridge, the edge somewhat serrate, at least inthe 3X)ung, becoming entire with age in some species; opercle with a ?spine behind. Gill rakers rather long. Dorsal spines or T, strong;second dorsal remote, short; anal with "2 spines and 8 or 9 soft rays,the second much the longer, the soft part similar to the soft dorsal;pectorals and ventrals moderate; caudal concave or convex; vertebrae11+ 1-1= 25. Warm seas; the species numerous. The species aremuch alike in form, but differ greath' in markings, the ground colorbeing usually bright red or reddish silvery. The principal groupsdiffer in number of dorsal spines and in the form of the caudal. Mostof the Pacific species belong to the subgenus 0,^t<)rhincJnif<\ all of theAtlantic to the typical subgenus Aj^ogan.I. Osto7-liitic}ius. First dorsal with seven spines.(/. Caudal fin rounded or subtruncate, its base witliout tlistinct round black spot;sides without black lateral stripe.}i. Side without narrow vertical brown Ijars. r. Fins blackish or with black markings.(L Top of head dusky, without conspicuous ])lack dots; i)reoj)ercle withnutblack line; body deep; scales firm; fins blackish; caudal and i)ectoralyellowish ingcr. 3.tid. Top of head sprinkled with very distinct black dots; a black line alonginner margin of preopercle; spinous dorsal black at tij); soft dorsalwitii two })lack l)ands inarglnatus. 4.cc. Fins all pale; body without black markings toiicolor. 5.bh. Side with 8 to 12 narrow brownish vertical crossbars, the ground colorsilvery; dorsals and caudal obscurely dark edged; scales thin ..liuratus. 6.(Id. ("audal fin lunate or forked; dark strii)es, if {)resent, horizontal; base of caudalwith a very distinct round black spot; snout pointed.(\ Sides of body with 3 to 7 stripes extending from head to tail. ' IJ'Amia glaga dent je posside aussi des individus provenant du Japon (Bleeker). NO. 1240. CARDINAL FISHES OF JAPAN?JORDAN AND SNYDER. 895/. Distinct stripes on side, at least 4 in number, the upper and lowerof the four converging over and behind the caudal spot; top ofhead with 4 or more stripes schlegeU. 7.ff. Distinct stripes on sides, 3 in number, the upper and lower notconverging behind caudal spot; dark stripes ]>lain on the cheeks.da'derlrini. 8.ee. Sides of lx)dy without stripes except anteriorly or along back.q. Stripe on head above eye extending l^ackward to front of soft dor-sal, widening a little at the najie; a median stripe above it to thedorsal; another below, across eye and opercle xcmilineatus. 9.gg. Stripe on head above eye, not reaching nape; a jet black nuchalspot; a stripe from snout across eye to opercle; body unmarkedsave for the caudal spot nofafui^. 10.II. Apogon. First dorsal with 6 spines; caudal lunate.h. Side with a broad jet black stripe from snout through eye to baseof caudal; a narrower stripe above it; dorsal and anal eachwith a dark streak near base; body rather elongate; generalcolor red kiensis. 11. 3. APOGON NIGER Dbderlein.Apogon nigripinnis Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1846, p. 3, Nagasaki, not ofCuvier and Valenciennes. ? Steixdachxer, Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 1,Shikoku, as Apogon niger Doderlein ]\IS.Head 2i in leng-th; depth 2i; depth of caudal peduncle 2i in head;eye 3^; interorbital space 3f ; snout 3i; maxillaiy 2; D. VIl-I, 9; A.II, 8* scales in lateral series 25; in transverse series 9. Fig. 12.?Apogon niger.BoQ}' very aeep; compressed; its outlines reg-ular. Interorbitalspace convex; rim of orbit not projecting above contour of head;diameter of eye equal to length of snout. Mouth ver}- oblique; max-illary extending to a vertical between pupil and posterior edge of 896 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii. orbit; jaws .siibequal, the lower slightly projecting. Edge of preop-ercle linely serrated. Scales comparatively tirni and rough. Dorsalspines rather strong, the third longest. Soft dorsal and anal reachingequally far posteriorly when depressed, falling consideralily short ofbase of caudal. Caudal subtruncate or slighth^ rounded. Ventralsreaching anal opening.Color in life soiled brown, the sides with a greenish luster; no redan3'where. Fins dull gray, washed toward the edges with inky black;pectoral and caudal dirty yellowish; ventrals and anal most nearlyblack. Length about 80 or DO millimeters.Shores of Kiusiu and Shikoku, in southern Japan; very common insandy bays. Known to us from about 50 specimens taken from theharbor of Nagasaki and the neighboring bay of Mogi.The species is identilied by Schlegel and by Steindachner with Ajjo-gon nigri2)innis, Cuvier and Valenciennes, from Pondicherry, but theaccounts given b}" Da}" of Cuvier's type show that this is a differentlish, with dark vertical bands and a black edge to the caudal.{Niger^ black.) 4. APOGON MARGINATUS Ddderlein. Apo(jon eUioti Steixdachxer, Fische Japang, II, 1883, p. 2, Kagoshima; Kochiin Shikoku (as Apogon marginntns Doderlein MS. ).Apoyon sp. Ishikawa, Prel. Cat. 1897, p. 55, Tosa in Shikoku.Head 2f in length; depth 3^; depth of caudal peduncle 2i in head;eye 3^; interorbital space 3f; snout 4i; maxillary 2; D. VII-I, 9;A. II, S; scales in lateral series 25; in transverse series T.Bod}" elongate, the Ijack scarcely at all elevated; the head broad,blunt, and rounded. Interorbital space convex; upper margin of eyenot projecting above dorsal contour of head; diameter of eye greaterthan length of snout. ^louth very oblique; maxillary extending to avertical passing between pupil and posterior edge of orbit. Teeth onvomer, palatines and jaws villiform. Serrations of preopercle weak.Scales thin, and easily disphiced. First dorsal spine very small. Analfin, when depressed, reaching farther posteriorly than does the softdorsal, neither reaching base of caudal. Caudal subtruncate.Color, gray: sides silvery, doubtless flushed with red in life; veryfaint traces of four or five dark cross shades; no caudal spots; no dis-tinct lines or bars; top of head closely sprinkled with black ink-likedots; lower jaw also dotted; spinous dorsal with the upper half jetblack; soft dorsal with a marginal and a median black band; analwith a black median band; caudal dusky, with a median and a terminalshade made up of dark points; similar dots on pectorals and ventrals;inner margin of preopercle marked by a line of dark dots; similar dotson sides of head and on breast. LengtJi, about 1M? millimeters. \ NO. 1240. CARDINAL FISHES OF JAPAN-JORDAN A^WSNYDER. 897 ""CoasW^^eni Japan; said to be common in Kagoshima andKochi our sino-le specimen from AVakanoura. This species is closeto ipo./on M^l Day, from India, a species witii which it is identihedby Dr' Steindachner. But A. MiotL in addition to the markmus inA. n.arglnatas, has a grayish lateral band ending in a dusky spot at Y\c,. :;.? Al"(?ir edge atorbit; its upper edge coyered for nearly the entire length b, the su^orbital Teeth yiUiform, in bands on jaws, palatines, and yonier; thetoothed area of the palatines yery small. (liU-rakers on hrst aivhProc. N. M. vol. xxiii 57 898 PL'OCEEDIXGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM.0+13: those near the center nf th., .77T i i"".V -- -lu.-ed to minute L.01J "" ''""'"'' "'-" "*^^ ""?*Opereles und preopercles with laroe rin^h- f -ic; :L,tr^, -itft t f: '^'- f -'-----?-::t' .sjjinc on it.s ijosterioi- edu-e Hf.rh- ,,-,-fk 1 N^c-ond spu.e of dor.al .small; little longer tlian the sixth- fin <1 ? 1strono-est and hio-hp^f- fh^ .^^u . ^ ' ^"* '^'-^i" the third .ee??a a. ..,?, .. .he .pine of soft do ' j c op e^feT """"'", ''' w..a. e.endin, . ? poinf midWa, i^^?.;:r;:^r:;f ?'"-< '?"-^eo:;;.ttixtr:;;p,rj'''';^::':f'ir?'Iron, Tokyo to Kiiisiu M><oi.. 1846 n - v ,? t,Verhand. Bat. Gen YVV ,/ ' ' ' "' ^^^^' I^- "^-^^^^^aki.-BLEEKER, H.?lv .athoi- ?to?t; anteriorl,- l,lu?t; tlio hack elevated v\- r*"- uppe,. ed,es p,.?,,ectin, ,i,hH,v a?ove e^:^.,:':::;1,,^ ?:;S: NO. 12-10. CARDIXAL FISHES OF JAPAX?.TOBt>AX AND SNYDER. 899luterorbital space broad, flat, with a median eUnation. Snout shovterthan the diameter of eye. Lower jaw proioctinu-; maxillary extendino-to a point about midway l)etween pupil and edge of orlnt. Teethvilliform on jaws, vomer, and palatine.s; no canines. Gill-rakers6+13; those on middle of arch very long and slender. Posterioredge of opercle with large serrations near the angle. Fins moderate;caudal subtruncate. Scales rather thin and loose.Color grayish: sometimes slightly l)luish, with pink; sides silvery;top of hetid and jaws dusky, with dark dots; body with 8 to 12 narrow,faint, irregular dark ])rownish cross-streaks; much narrower than theinterspaces, and sometimes alternately narrow and broad. Spinousdorsal dark-edged; second dorsal with a dark median l)and and a dark IN I.lNKATr: edge; caudal dusky at l)ase, with a more or less distinct dark edge;ventrals and pectorals yellowish, more or less dotted with ]>lack; analpale yellow; no spot oii caudal. Length 60 to 90 millimeters.Coasts of Japan, from Tokyo southward, everywhere common insandy l)ays, and becoming from its abundance a food tish of importance.It isusually known as Tenjikudai. Our specimens are from Tokyo,Yokohama. Misaki. Owari, Enoshiuia, Wakanoura, Kobe, Onomichi,Miyajima, Hiroshima, Tsuruga, Kawatana, Hakata, and Nagasaki.The only variations of importance are in degree of color, some hav-ing the paired tins pale and the lateral bands faint. The length of head,size of eye. depth of l)ody, and caudal peduncle are subject to slightvariation.{LhirdttA.s, lined.) 900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM \>- -, ]il. J I, tlK. 2, 7. APOGON SCHLEGELI Bleeker. -l;jor/ou Jiort'?i/W..rvV,^,,>,. Schle(;el, Fauna Japonica, Vo^^., 184H,Nagasaki (not of Cuvier and Valenciennes). 'Apogon .rhhgeU Blkeker, Verhand. Batav. Geno<,ts., XXVI, p. oo, after ScldegelHead n in length; depth ^f ; depth of ..ludal peduncle 2i in head-eye 3; interorbital space -tf; .snout 4i; nuixillaiy 2; D. VII-I. !; A.'II, 8; scales in lateral series Uo; in transverse series 9.Body rather elongate: the back little elevated; the head ratherpointed. Lye large; the diameter nuich greater than length of snout-interorbital space convex; dorsal rim of orbit not projectino- u))ovecontour of head. Jaus equal; maxillary extending to a vertical throuo-hposterior edge of pupil. Serrations of preopercle rather weak. Finshigh: third spine of dorsal large and strong; when depressed the thirdfourth, and lifth spines reach past the insertion of soft dorsal \nai Flfi. 5.?APocoX SCHI.EriF.I.I.fin when depressed reaching farther posteriorlv than does the softdorsal, both falling far short of base of caudal. Caudal well forked.Ventrals reaching a little beyond anal opening. Scales large and thin.Color in lite dirty gray, washed with pink; top of head reddish-about six longitudinal stripes, the upper olive, the lower brassv vellow'antei-iorly more or less red; stripes on top of head brick red; a laro-eblack caudal spot; tins all carmine. AI)out eight dark stripes on topof head between eyes; a distinct stripe from eve to caudal spot; anotherabov-e this from snout, across upper part of eve, fading out beforereaching caudal spot; anoth(u- above this, just above lateral line fromnape to caudal, bent downward on reaching base of caudal fin; anotherbelow the first one from anal to base of caudal, this one bent upwardas the other is downward, so as to form backward convergincr linesabove and below caudal spot; traces of another band on eve licrosscheek and side of belly f, anal: still another more or less distinct on NO. 1240. CARDINAL FISHES OF JAPAX-JORDA^^^iyD^I>EIL^^90^ ^ide^badT^i^d^^fteii^till^^ at base of dorsal, making seven oneach side, four distinct, three faint; tins all pale, a few dark dots oncaudal and dorsals;' traces of a faint dusky cross-line on base ot seconddorsal. Length about 1(?0 millimeters.Coast of southern Japan, here described from four examples fromNao-asaki It is doubtless Schlegel's Aj>o^jou vovewJy>srHttm (not otCuvier and Valenciennes), ]>ased on a drawing by Burger, though thedrawing is not very correct. This is the basis of Bleeker's Ai.>go.. .clJroeli. Later Bleeker has identilied this species with his .ii>ogo^>^\nMcttaenia from the East Indies. But A. eu. 353, Yokohama.Head 2^ in length: depth 2|; depth of cuiidul peduncle 3 in head;eye 3|; interorbiUil space M; ^nout 3|: maxiUary L>i; D. VJI-I,;?;A. II,' S; scales in lateral series 25; in transverse series 9.Body rather elongate; compressed; caudal peduncle narrow; headpointed. Eve large^, the diameter a little g-reater than length of snout; Fig. 7.?Apogon semilineatus.interorl.ital space slightlv convex; upper rim of orbit not projectinga]>ove contour of head. Snout pointed; jaws subequal, the lowerslio-htlv projecting; maxillarv extending to a vertical passing ]ust pos-terior to pupil. Scales thin, rather roughish. Dorsal spuies slenderand rather weak; the tirst minute; placed very close to base ot the sec^ond- the tip of the fourth when depressed just reaching insertion otsoft^lorsal. Soft dorsal and anal reaching an equal distance poste-riorlv when depressed, both falling far short of base of caudal. Pec-torals reaching slightly beyond insertion of anal. Ventrals reachmgvent. Caudal forked.Color in life light grav. Hushed with bright red; sides silvery; aninkv black spot as larg-e as pupil at base of caudal; a ]et-black stnpefrom tip of snout through eye to gill opening; another above eye fromtip of snout to opposite front of soft dorsal, this usually, but not 904 PROCEEDIXGf, OF THE XATIOXAI. MrsEUM. of .in,, l.lac-k: fin. ,11 car, , e ,J I , "'"""'" '^?'*"': *'P m,(l l?we,- ,?a,.<.i? ?f ,.^U,,. ,!,',. f' .", ??* <1">?'I and on ?ppertlH' l>ia<-k ,na,-kT?.s ,,,"; ,'..,' /;,',? '" ''''?''"^'" 'P'"'"''""Coasts ot Japan from Tokyo .southward ^?erv (.>ninioH O ?Hions trojn Tokyo, Yokohama, Yodomi, Kuo^L 7^^- ^T^^T'noura. It must ))o t-u-p ..f a: i- , "^"^'^- -^^^'^aki, and A^ aka- .!;.,/?, ??a,a':. ^''^''"''"- "''?" " '^ '"??tlv replaced by(aSV?/^/. half; I'tncdtus, lined.)lo. APOGON NOTATUS (Houttuyn). 311-346 (Nagasaki) ^^-'tense-happen te Harlem, XX. 17.2, j,,Kagoshima. 'li-'M^.uirNKK, >,?.he Japan.^ H, 1883, p. 2 B..I, ...?,, ,i,?s.?, ?? H.?^| .,? ,.,?;?j ?,.,?? ';;';?,, Fjg. h.?APOGON NOTATl-S. o.al.h. Ev; ,r e , "T '"'^" ''""'.'''" Projecting consid- Nc.im CARDINAL FISHES OF JAPAN?JORDAN AND SNYDER. 905erably). Fins low. Dorsal spines weak and slender; the first minute;the third strongest, but not so high as the fourth; the fifth, whendepressed, just reaching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal reachino-slightly farther posteriorly than does the dorsal, both failing to reachbase of caudal In' a considerable distance. Caudal notched. Yentralsreaching vent.Color in life, grayish, flushed with red, and much dotted; a round jet-black spot at base of caudal; a very ])lack 1)and across chin, and snoutto eye, where it fades, though traces of it are seen behind eye; a jet-black stripe on top of head on each side from snout, ceasing abovepupil; a median stripe from top of liead to first dorsal; snout other-wise mostly golden yellow; a round jet-black spot on each side of nape;fins carmine; first dorsal with a broad black edge; other fins pale orslightly dotted; a golden streak across lower half of eye. In spiritsthe black coloring only is retained. Length about 100 millimeters.This species is very close to Apogon semilineafus^ with which allobservers save Dr. Dcklerlein have confounded it. It is deeper inbody, and with blunter snout. The most ol)vious difference lies in thefact that the uppermost of the paired lilack stripes does not reach theblack nuchal spot and is not continued behind it. The range ofA. notafiis is more southern.Our numerous specimens are from ISagasaki; a single one fromWakanoura.{yotat u.s^ spotted. ) II. APOGON KIENSIS Jordan and Snyder, new species.Head 2f in length; depth 3^; depth of caudal peduncle 8 in head;eye 3; interobital space 4i; snout -if; maxillary 2; D. VI-I, 9; A.II, !S; scales in lateral series 25; in transverse series S.Body rather elongate; compressed; dorsal contour somewhat arched;caudal peduncle slender. Head large; snout pointed; lower jaw pro-jecting. Interorl)ital space flat or slightlv convex; a low median ridgepresent; eye large; its diameter consideral)ly greater than length ofsnout. Maxillarj' passing through a point midway between pupil andposterior border of eye. Teeth villiform; on jaws, vomer, and pala-tines. Gill-rakers on first arch 5+14; long and very slender. Serra-tions of opercle rather coarse. Scales thin; easily detached.Fins of moderate height and length. The small first dorsal spine,present in other Japanese species of the genus, is absent in this form.Second spine of fin highest and strongest; the spines when depressednot touching insertion of soft dorsal. Anal Avhen depressed reachinga little farther posteriori}- than does the soft dorsal, both falling farshort of base of caudal. Ventral fins reaching anal opening. Pecto-rals extending a little farther posteriorly. Caudal notched.Color gravish, probably red in life; a jet-black stripe from tip of 906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIIl,snout iicToss eye and sides of body to tip of caudal; this stripe widenedand most distinct on the opercle; no distinct caudal spot, the stripeunbroken; this stript> half width of eye and bordered above and belowby a i^ale streak; a second dark stripe al)ove it, barely a fourth aswide from snout above eye to opposite middle of soft dorsal; no spotsor streaks below the ])road stripe; sides of head sihcry; tins pale,except for a black cross stripe on soft dorsal and anal near the base,and the black lateral stripe continued on the caudal. The relative Flii. il.?AI'OGON KIESSIS.width of the two black stripes and the distinctness of the opercularspot is subject to some variation. The extension of the lateral bandto the tip of the caudal will serve to distinguish the species from anyother in Japan.Tt/jh.?No. 0514, Leland Stanford elunior University ^Museum.Smallest of the Japanese Apogonidfe, not exceeding 650 millimetersin length. We have 38 specimens taken at Wakanoura, in the provinceof Kii, one of the richest collecting grounds foi' lishes yet known inan}" part of the world. .]fi'(i!. So, \A. xxii, fig. 1, RedSea.fSparux meaco L.vcepede, Hist. Nat. Poisss, IV, 1803, pp. 54, 160, Japan, (ina manuscript of Thunberg. ? Cuvier and Yalen'ciexnes, Hist. Nat. Poiss, II,1828, p. 161. "Brown, with 6 white bands and a ])rown sjxit on the tail;scales large; jaws each with two canines; caudal rounded. I). lX-10. A.HI, 8." The canine teeth seem to locate this very doubtful descriptionnear Pdraniia quinqiidineata rather than with Apogon xchlegeli.Head 2f; depth 8|; D. Vl-I, 9; A. 11, 9. Scales 25. Eye 3 inhead. Maxillary reaching- to beyond middle of eye. Body with livelongitudinal .stripes of violet along the sides, the third one forming aspot at base of caudal; an unpaired sixth stripe along the belly fromthroat to vent; caudal with numerous ditfuse cross-bands (Stein-dachner). Bleeker describes the Idack spot on the tail as ocellatedwith yeilow, its center brown.East Indies, a single specimen 130 millimeters long taken at Kago-shima by Dr. Doderlein and referred by Steindachner to this species;not seen by us. The identification is perhaps dou)>tful.{QdhiqKf. live; llneata^ lined.)5. MELANOSTOMA Doderlein.Mclniioxtomn IXiderleix, Beitrage znr Kentniss Fische Japans, II, 1883, p. 5{jllJ)OuiciUll) .Body rather elongate, covered with rather large, cycloid, deciduousscales, about 35 in lateral line; scales of head covered with very smallscales; eyes large; jaws with a band of villiform teeth and with strongcanines in front; small or villiform teeth on vomer and palatines; pre-opercle with its angle produced and with soft serrations; dorsal rayslX-1. 10; anal 11, T. Vent normal. Coloration black. Deep watersof Japan, distinguished from PurtiinUi chiefly by the increased numberof dorsal spines.(yL<6A.<-rcr, black; Groj.ux. mouth.) 14. MELANOSTOMA JAPONICUM Doderlein.MeliUioxUjma jupon'ii'xua Steinoachek and IKidekueix, Fisehe Japans, II, 1883,p. 6, off Tokyo.Head 3; depth 4; D. IX-1. 10; A. 11, 8; scales 36; eye 31 in head;snout 4|. Body oblong, the ])ack not much elevated; small scales onhead covering the larger ones; base of soft tins more or less scaly;jaws e([ual; maxillary extending a little beyond middle of eve; supple-mental maxilhiry evident; l)oth jaws with a narrow band of villiformteeth, broader above; upper jaw with a strong canine in front on eachside; lower jaw with about 5 canines; the fourth longest; fourth dorsalspine about half head; soft dorsal and aiuil concave on the margin;caudal forked; anal spines short, the second half eye; pectoral as longas head, without snout; swim bladder present; pyloric coeca or 7. NO. 1240. CARDINAL FISHER JAPAX-JQRDAN AND SNYDER. 909Color everywhere black, including- the mouth cavity. (Steindacluierand Doderlein.)Deep water outside of Tokyo Bay (near Misaki); ,.ne specimen 22nun. long m the nmseum of Vienna; not seen by us.6. TELESCOPIAS Jordan and Snyder, new genus.Telemjpi'is Jordan- and 8nydek, new genus {(jilberti).Body oblong, covered with small, thin, cvcloid scales; jaws withsmall scales; soft fins mostly covered with small scales- eyes vervlarge; mouth very large, with strong- teeth; teeth in jaws pHncipallVin one series, canme-like, those in front of upper jaw and in sides Jflower jaw largest; vomerine teeth villiform; palatine teeth smallcanines; preopercle with a produced membranous ano-le- first dorsalwith eight spines; soft dorsal and anal long; concave on the maro-hVcaudal lunate. Japan, in the Black Stream or Kuro Shiwo. ^ 'Size larg-er than in other genera of Ajjogonida'. It diflers fromJlelrmostoma mauily in the stronger dentition, the uniserial teeth ofthe jaws, and m the smaller scales.{t?X?(jko7to5^ far-seeing, from the large eyes.) 15. TELESCOPIAS GILBERTI Jordan and Snyder, new species.KUR0MUT8U: BLACK SCOMBROPS.(Plate XLIV.)Head ^ in leng-th; depth 4i; depth of caudal pedun.-le 3i in head-eye 3i; interorbital space 5i; snout 3i; maxillary 2i; D. VIIl-I, 13;'A. II, 13. Scales in lateral series about 63; in transverse series 21Body elongate, the back not elevated; caudal pediuicle somewhatcylindrical at its narrowest part. Head almost as deep as bodvInterorbital space flat; its width about equal to three-quarters of thediameter of eye. Eye large; its diameter equal to length of snout-preorbital very narrow. Snout pointed. Lower jaw projecting-'maxillary extending to a perpendicular, passing a little behind centerot pupil; Its posterior edge rounded. Upper jaw with an outer row ofsharp canines; widely spaced; larger and stronger at anterior end of]jiw, where there is a group of several on each side; posterior partot ]aw with an inner, short row of minute teeth; lower jaw with asingle row of sharp teeth similar to those above; largest on sides of]aw; vomer with a small patch of villiform teeth; palatines with aseries of small, sharp teeth. Tongue notched anteriorly; with smallpatches of blunt teeth. First gill-arch with 10 long,' slender gill-rakers. 1 on the upper part, 9 on the lower. Pseudobranchii^ large.A shallow pocket or fold between the preopercle and suspensorium ofjaw opening into gill-chamber. Edge of preopercle without serrations-a large striated flap at its angle. Branchiostegals T. 910 PROCEEDINGS^ OF THE XATTOXAL MUSEUM. vol-xxiii.Hend. except lips and branchiostegal region, covered with smooth, Ithin scales, these overlaid with smaller ones; those on upper part of |head, on snout, and lower jaw small and minute. Body with large,mioo'th, thin scales. Fins all completely c-overed with small scales.First dorsal spine somewhat more than half as long as the second;inserted close to it; third spine longest: tin when depressed fitting intoa narrow groove; the tips of the spines not reaching insertion of softdorsal. Spine of soft dorsal closely adnate to the first ray: membraneof fin thick and fleshy. Anal inserted l>elow the middle of soft dorsal;the first spine verv short: l)oth spines closely adnate to the first ray;edges of both dorsal and anal tins concave. Caudal deeply notched.Pectorals pointed, a))out It in head. Ventrals short, about ^ m head.Color everywhere l)lackish gray: lining of mouth and gill chambersbluish black.I^ength about 500 millimeters.7^,^^^,.._No. 12657, Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Thetype and a similar specimen were taken on long hand lines (dabonawa)by Kumakichi Aoki in the deep water between Mistdvi and the islandof Oshima.(Named for Professor Charles Henry Gill)ert.) 7. SCOMBROPS Schlegel.Scomhwp.^ Temminxk an.l SrHLE(JEi., Fauna .laponica, 1S46, p. 118 {rlinhdiptr-roides = hoops).Lalehr'is FoBY, Meniorias, 11, 1S?0, p. KiS (nr,ihitH.'<).Body elongate, covered with small, thin, smooth scales: mouth verylarge;" lower jaw longest; 2 to 4 long canines in upper jaw. besidesstrong lateral teeth: a series of canines in lower; teeth in hands onvomer and on palatines; preopercle not serrated; its angle produced;opercle with 2 feeble points; tongue notched; eye large. Branchi-ostegals 7. Dorsals separated, the first of 8 very feeble spines: analspines 3: soft dorsal and anal rather long, of 12 to 14 rays, the mem-branes scaly. Pyloric cceca 6 to 15. (liU-rakers long. Soft-hodiedfishes, living in rather deep water.{Sc'>ii>hIX^U. FISHES OF JAPAX-JORDAN AND SNYDER. 911Head 31 in length: depth 3t; depth of caudal peduncle 3i in head-eve 3^; interorbital space ^^ snout 3i: niaxilhirv 2: D VIII-I 13-A. III. 13; scales in lateral series 53; in transverse series IT ' 'Body rather elongate, the dorsal and ventral contours evenlv' roundedHead elong-ate, pointed. Eye large, the margin not projecting above^dorsal contour ot head; interor]>ital space flat or slightlv convexSnout sharp, its length about equal to diameter of eye. koutb notvery oblicpie; lower jaw slightly projecting; maxillary extending to apomt about midway between pupil and posterior edge of orbif itt pos-terior edge rounded. Teeth in single rows on jaws, -canine-like, verysharp; those ot lower jaw largest on the sides; the corresponding on^of the upix>r jaw much smaller; a group of 3 or 4 large teeth on ante:nor part ot upper jaw; very small, sharp teeth on vomer and palatinesTong-ue notched. Gill-rakers on iirst arch 6+15, long and slender'^os^ arthest from angle of arch veiy small. Pseudobmnchia. laiw'A sha low pocket or fold between suspensorium of lower jaw and pre^opercle, opening into the branchial cavity. Edge of preopeivle entire-its lower part with a large flap. Branchiostegals THead completely scaled except on lips and branchiostegal rec^ion-scales of interorbital area, snout, maxillary, and lower jaw minute.'Body with rather small, smooth scales, which are easilv displaced. Softdorsal, anal, and basal parts of pectorals, ventrals: and caudal withminute scales.Spinoiis dorsal rather low; the fln when depressed not nearlv reach-ing insertion of soft dor.sal. Second dorsal and anal with thick fleshvmembranes; po^erior edges of tins concave; flrst spine of anal very ? mall. Cauda deeply notched. Pectorals pointed; their length aboutU in head. Ventrals 2 in head.Color steel blue or grayish; belly more or less vellowish; a faintdusky spot on upper part of opercle; inside of mouth pale9(. . !n.?.* '!k^'''"' .generally common, in water of considera},le depth,20 to 4< .(.fathoms. It is an excellent food-flsh of soft flesh and is com-mon in tl^mark^ts as mUsn. Our many specimens are from Same,Mimtto, Matsu^ima, Awa. Tokyo, Misaki, Enoshima, Tatevaman akanoura, Kobe, and Nagasaki.(Aois-, bull; co>l: eye; from the large eye.)8. ACROPOMA Schlegel.Arropnma Schlec.ei, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1S4H, p. .si {ja,,o,r,r,nn).Body oblong covered with moderate-sized deciduous, c-iliated scalesMou h large, the lower jaw longest; villiform teeth in both jaws andon the vomer and palatines, besides verv small teeth in each ia^vpreoperde entire; opercle produced in a very long thin membraneou.sflap, with a denticulate edge. Vent inserted far forwar dit-ferently placed. It is arranged, perhaps justly, in a separate tanulyl)y Dr. Theodore Gill.{aKpos. sharp; Tfcd/xa, operole.) 17. ACROPOMA JAPONICUM GUnther.1S47, p. HI XII, fi^f. 3,Acropoma Schlegel, Fauna Japoniea, Pois^icZom^iponicum Gunther, Cat. Fi.li., I, 1S59, p. 250, after Bleeker.Head 21 in length; depth 3f ; depth of caud.d peduncle 3i in head;eve ;H; interorbital space ^', snout 3i; maxillary 2t; D. Vll-1, 10,A III 7- scales in lateral series about 19; in transverse series 10 or 11.Bodv rather elongate; the back a little elevated. Margin ot eyenot projecting above dorsal outline of head. Interorbita space some-wU convex; a low ridge in the middle. Snout shorter than diame erof eve; pointed. Lower jaw projec-ting beyond the upper; maxillaiyreacliincJa perpendicular through center of pupil; its posterior edgeconcave Teeth in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; some ot those I Fk;. 10.?Acr<>pom.\ ,i.\poNicrM.in front of upper jaw and on tip and sides of lower jaw enlarged inslender canines; tip of lower jaw elevated; the canines on the raisedpart. Gill-rakers on tirst arch 5+11; long and slender. Pseudo-branchi^ large. Tongue pointed. Preopercle with a double edgeentire; the posterior part very thin. Opercular Hap long; with 2 or 3 .small denticulations posteriorly.Scales thin, wcaklv ctenoid, easily displaced.Dorsal spines slender, not reaching insertion of soft dorstil whendepressed. Membranes of soft dorsal and anal tins very thm, nottleshv anal inserted below a point a little posterior to middle ot dorsal; NO. 1240. CARDINAL FISHES OF JAPAX-JORDAN AND SNYDER. 918 oclo-es of b(jth tins concave. Caudal deeply forked. Pectorals pointed,contained about 1\ in head. Yentrals about '1 in head: extending-l)eyond anal opening, which is located far forward.Color in life, light red; lower half abruptly silvery; tins all lightreddish: inside of gill chamber blackish. Alcoholic specimens retainmuch of the silver on the lower parts, have the upper edge of the orbitdusky, and have a somewhat indefinite dusky longitudinal band onlower half of body.l^ength 80 to 12.5 millimeters. An interesting species allied toScomhrops and Apogon, but with the vent advanced forward. South-ern Japan: rather rare. Our specimens are from Wakanoura andMisaki. RECAPITULATIOX, WITH LOCALITIES.Family Apo<;<)Xir).?:.1. Apogonichthi/f! Bleeker.1. carinatns (Cuvier and Valenciennes) ; 3Iisaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki.2. r;/ar/'f (Bleeker; not seen).2. Apogoit Lacepede.? fMorh'inrhn^ Lacepede.?,. nUjei- Dodorlein; Nagasaki, Mogi.4. iiiarginatus Doderlein; ^^'akanoura.5. urdcolor Doderlein; near Yokohama.6. lineatus Schlegel; Tokyo, Yokohama, Owari, Enoshima, Wakanoura, Kobe,Onomichi, Miyajima, Hiroshima, Tsuruga, Kawatana, Hakata, andNagasaki.7. schlegeli Bleeker; Nagasaki.8. dfjcderhlni Jordan and Snyder; Nagasaki.9. semnhmdus Schlegel; Tokyo, Yokohama, Yodomi, Enoshinw, ^Iisaki,Wakanoura.10. notatus (Houttuyn); Wakanoura, Nagasaki.? Apogon.11. kiensis Jordan and Snyder; Wakanoura.3. Archanna Gill.12. kagoshiinaiia Doderlein; not seen.4. Piimm'ia Bleeker.13. quinqnelmeata (Cuvier and Valenciennes) ; not seen.5. Mehinostoma Doderlein.14. japonkum Doderlein; not seen.6. Tt'lescopias Jordan and Snyder.15. gilberti Jordan and Snyder; :Misaki.7. ,S'com6rops Schlegel.16. boops (Houttuyn) ; Same, ]^Iinato, Tateyama, Matsushima, Awa, Misaki,Enoshima, Wakanoura, Kobe, Nagasaki.8. Acropouta Schlegel.17. japonicuia Gunther; AVakanoura, Alisaki.Proc. N. ]M. vol. xxiii 58 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIII PL. XLIII O 5O 2 U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS,, VOL. XXIll PL. XLIV P 'i \- X