Biota Colombiana 9 (2) 143 - 237, 2008 Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo'; Richard P. Vari^; Jose Saulo Usma' 1 Investigador Asociado, curador encargado coleccion de peces de agua dulce, Institute de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt. Claustro de San Agustin, Villa de Leyva, Boyaca, Colombia. Direccion actual: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940- 040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. gymnopez@mac.com 2 Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC?159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013 ? 7012. varir@si.edu 3 Coordinador Programa Ecosistemas de Agua Dulce WWF Colombia. Calle 61 No 3 A 26, Bogota D.C, Colombia. jsusma@wwf.org.co Abstract Data derived from the literature supplemented by examination of specimens in collections show that 1435 species of native fishes live in the freshwaters of Colombia. These species represent 14 orders and 47 families. Orders with the largest numbers of species in the Colombian continental ichthyofauna are the Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species), and Gymnotiformes (74 species), with the remaining 10 orders having from 1 to 35 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the greatest number of species (399 species), with this followed by the Loricariidae (166 species), Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae (54 species), and Trichomycteridae (54 species); the remaining 42 families having 1 to 52 species. Present data indicate that 311 of the species occur solely at locations within Colombia. Continued descriptions of new species from the continental waters of Colombia demonstrate that the present total underestimates the species-level diversity of the ichthyofauna. The 1435 species living in Colombian freshwaters represent approximately 5% of all freshwater and marine fish species now recognized worldwide and approximately 29% of the freshwater fish species known to inhabit the drainages across the expanse from the southern border of Mexico through to Chile and Argentina. Various historical and ecological factors potentially contributing to the species-level richness of the Colombian freshwater fish fauna are discussed (e.g. geology, climate, physiography, water chemistry). Key words: Diversity, distribution, NW South America, ichthyofauna, Colombia Resumen Datos provenientes de literatura, complementados por la revision de especimenes en colecciones muestran que 1435 especies nativas de peces viven en las aguas dulces de Colombia. Estas especies representan 14 drdenes y 47 familias. Los ordenes con el mayor mlmero de especies son Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species) y Gymnotiformes (74 species); los restantes drdenes tiene de 1 a 35 especies. Al nivel de familia, Characidae posee el mayor niimero de especies (399 especies), seguida de Loricariidae (166 especies), Cichlidae (114 especies), Pimelodidae (54 especies) y Trichomycteridae (54 especies); las restantes 42 familias tienen de 1 a 52 especies. Los datos presentados indican que 311 especies se encuentran distribuidas solamente en Colombia. La descripcion continua de nuevas especies provenientes de las aguas continentales de Colombia, demuestra que el mlmero total de especies registrado subestima la diversidad especifica de su ictiofauna. Las 1435 especies que viven en las aguas dulces colombianas representan aproximadamente 5% de todas las especies marinas y dulceacuicolas hoy en dia reconocidas a nivel global y aproximadamente el 29% de los peces de agua dulce que habitan las aguas continentales desde el limite sur de Mexico hasta Chile y Argentina. Varios factores histdricos y ecoldgicos que potencialmente contribuyen a esta gran riqueza de peces de agua dulce en Colombia son discutidos (p.ej. geologia, clima, fisiografia, quimica de las aguas). Palabras clave: Diversidad, distribucidn, Sur America noroccidental, ichthyofauna, Colombia Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 144- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Introduction X he remarkable Colombian biota has long interested naturalists and scientists, with the first discussion of Colombian freshwater fishes dating back two and one-half centuries to de la Rosa (1756). Studies, both formal and informal, during the following decades yielded dramatic increases in our knowledge of the diversity of Colombian freshwater fishes. Formal scientific studies of the ichthyofauna commenced with Alexander von Humboldt who together with Aimee Bopland collected in various regions in northwestern and western Colombia during 1800 and 1801 (Papavero 1971: map 2). Specimens from their expeditions were the basis for the earliest scientific publications focused on Colombian freshwater fishes (Humboldt 1805a, 1805b; Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821). Alfred Russel Wallace (of Natural Selection fame) collected fishes throughout the Rio Negro basin including the Rio Vaupes system within Colombia between 1850 and 1852. Unfortunately, those specimens were lost with the sinking of the ship returning Wallace and his collections to England. Wallace was, however, able to save his extensive series of sketches of many species. Until recently, the only discussion of the fishes illustrated in Wallace's sketches was that of Regan (1905), which treated the species briefly and specifically deferred from discussing new species depicted in the drawings. A recent annotated publication of the illustrations and history of Wallace's collecting trips (Wallace 2002) made it clear that the collection included a number of species living in the river systems of eastern Colombia and which were new to science at the time of Wallace's expedition (Toledo- Piza et al. 1999; Wallace 2002; Vari & Ferraris 2006). Subsequent decades saw the publication of hundreds of papers expanding our knowledge of the diversity of this fish fauna. Whereas many of these papers involved only the description of a single new species, others incorporated descriptions and redescriptions of multiple species and/ or range extensions. Alternatively, many publications focused on, or to some degree included information on, the life history, distribution, and economic importance of diverse fish species from the drainages of Colombia. Information from those papers complemented by extensive fieldwork provided the foundation for a series of major overviews of the ichthyofaunas of entire drainage basins within Colombia or of broad regions within that country. A compendium of that extensive literature lies beyond the scope and purpose of this publication, but the reader can refer to Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (2006) for a listing of many of the papers dealing with Colombian freshwater fishes; that summary notwithstanding, the contributions of certain researchers deserve specific comment. The major upsurge in publications focused on Colombian freshwater fishes began in the latter part of the nineteenth century. These papers were primarily by researchers who studied specimens from Colombian freshwaters sent to European collections, most notably the museums in Vienna and London. Outstanding in this respect were the detailed and superbly illustrated publications on fishes from the Rio Magdalena basin published by Franz Steindachner (1878, 1880). The early part of the twentieth century witnessed a flourishing of research on Colombian freshwater fishes. These endeavors involved both Colombian scientists (e.g., Posada 1909) and European and North American ichthyologists. Most of these non-Colombian scientists studied material sent to them from collectors in Colombia (e.g., Regan 1913, 1914); however, a subset of these researchers both collected in the country and reported on its fish fauna. Most prominent among these foreign ichthyologists was Carl Eigenmann who together with his collaborators made extensive collections throughout major portions of Colombia between January and April of 1912. The following year two of his students, Arthur Henn and Charles Wilson, carried out additional collecting trips to other regions of Colombia. Eigenmann reported on the results of all of these expeditions and other collections of northwestern South American fishes in a stream of publications that continued for nearly a decade. In a series of smaller papers, Eigenmann focused on the description of new species and patterns of fish distribution across northwestern South America (1912, 1913, 1914a, 1914b, 1914c, 1916, 1917a, 1917b, 1920a, 1920b; 1921; 1924; Eigenmann & Fisher 1914; Eigenmann & Henn 1914). Supplementing these papers was Eigenmann's monographic study of the fresh water fishes of Colombia and adjoining regions (1922). In addition to the description of new species and genera, this massive publication provided the first summary of the fishes of northwestern South America with the species accounts complemented by an extensive series of illustrations. That information and the supplemental annotated bibliography of papers dealing with freshwater fishes in northwestern South America, made this monograph the classic that underpins all subsequent research on that fauna. A second North American noteworthy for his publications on Colombian freshwater fishes was Henry Fowler. Although Fowler made some collections in Colombia (Fowler 1950), these efforts were much less ambitious than those undertaken by Eigenmann and his collaborators. Fowler rather actively reported on samples of Colombian fishes sent to him by various collectors within the country. Of particular note in this regard were the series of collections of freshwater fishes made by Brother Niceforo Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -145 Maria in the Magdalena, Orinoco, and Amazon basins. Fowler reported on Colombian fishes in a series of papers (1941, 1943, 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1950) and his 1942 publication summarized the species of fishes then known to live in the waters of Colombia. Subsequent decades brought a dramatic increase in publications focused on the taxonomy and distribution of Colombian freshwater fishes. Particularly noteworthy were the very important summaries of the fishes of the Rio Cauca and Rio Magdalena systems by Cecil Miles (1943, 1947, respectively). Nearly a quarter of a century latter, George Dahl (1971) produced a groundbreaking publication on the fishes of northern Colombia that incorporated information on both marine and freshwater fishes from that region of the country. The decades since Dahl's monograph brought intensive collecting efforts throughout the country by Colombian and foreign ichthyologists along with the publication of numerous papers (see Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma 2006). The synergy of these efforts dramatically expanded our knowledge of this ichthyofauna as documented in Mojica's (1999) preliminary list of the freshwater fish species of Colombia; a trend that continues to the present. Amply demonstrating these advances are the series of recent summaries of the ichthyofaunas of the major drainage systems in Colombia (Figure 1; Rio Amazonas in Colombia, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota- Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2006a, Galvis et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b; Rio Putumayo, Ortega et al. 2006; Rio Atrato, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a; Rio Cauca, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a; middle Rio Magdalena, Mojica et al. 2006b; upper Rio Magdalena, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006; Rio Orinoco basin. Lasso et al. 2004a, Galvis et al. 2007a; Rio Tomo, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b; Rio Patia, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006b; Rio Rancheria, Mojica et al. 2006a). In this paper, we present a checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia based on different kinds of data and emphasize the remarkable diversity of this ichthyofauna at multiple levels. Nonetheless, the continuing description of new species of Colombian freshwater fishes (see www. humboldt.org.co/ictiologia) makes it clear that the present checklist underestimates, perhaps to a significant degree, the actual richness of that ichthyofauna. Material and methods The inclusion of species in the following list derived from three different sources of information. The first and least problematic of these were those species now recognized as valid that have type localities in the inland waters of Colombia. Catalog numbers of the type series of those species are reported in the Checklist. Species originally described from locations outside of Colombia are included in the checklist if their occurrence within the country can be documented in one of three ways: 1) Citation of a species for the Colombian fish fauna in species descriptions and/or revisions of genera or families in the recent taxonomic literature. Data of this sort served as the single largest source for the inclusion of species in the listing and the authors of revisionary publications citing a species from Colombia are noted in the Checklist. 2) Information from specialist identified voucher specimens that originated at localities in Colombia. Vouchers are deposited in various fish collections, most notably lAvH-P, ICNMHN, and IMCN in Colombia. 3) Records based on identifications of specimens deposited in various Colombian collections, but not identified by experts on those taxa. Critical reexamination of such lots in the course of regional Colombian ichthyofaunal studies underlies the inclusion of the species in the checklist. A caveat is that such reports may prove in some instances to be problematic given the major uncertainties with species-level questions in many genera and families. Initial information for this effort was taken from CLOFFSCA (Reis et al. 2003) supplemented by recently published regional Colombian Checklists [Lasso et al. (2004a), Maldonado-Ocampo (2004), Mojica et al. (2004, 2005), Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo (2006a), Galvis et al. (2006), Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2006a,b), Mojica et al. (2006a,b), Ortega et al. (2006), Ortega- Lara et al. (2006a,b), Villa-Navarro et al. (2006), Acero & Polanco (2007), Galvis et al. (2007a,b), and Mejia- Falla et al. (2007)]. This information was instrumental in many instances for the development of the preliminary list presented by Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (2006). Where appropriate, these publications are cited in the Checklist. Data was cross checked and supplemented by information in recent publications dealing with species present in inland Colombian waters and/or describing new species of fishes from those drainage systems [Ferraris & Vari (1999, 2000), Toledo-Piza (2000), Albert & Crampton (2003), Armbruster (2003), Lopez-Fernandez & Winemiller (2003), Lucena (2003), Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert (2003), Reis et al. (2003), Armbruster (2004), Castro & Vari (2004), Malabarba (2004), Zanata & Toledo-Piza (2004), Armbruster (2005), Bockmann & Ferraris (2005), Crampton et al. (2005), Ferraris et al. (2005), Hrbek et al. (2005), Lundberg & Akama (2005), Reis et al. (2005), Sabaj (2005), Vari et al. (2005), Acero & Betancur (2006), Biihmheim & Malabarba (2006), Kullander & Ferreira (2006), Mautari & Menezes (2006), Menezes (2006), Vari & Ferraris (2006), Buitrago-Suarez & Burr (2007), Ferraris, (2007), Sidlauskas etal. (2007), ArdilaRodriguez Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 146- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. s lite geo^tphic deitomiriationf ittthif mtp donot invohre,onthe paitof WWF, judgaum^ome oi w ith respect to lh.c legUcoiiditicn of CiDuntiii!i,Tciiitoilei orAieaf, not with reipectto drawn i^ of their bordeii orlntut.!. 3fl0 Kilometers Figure 1. Map of Colombia and adjoining regions showing the hydrographic zones, river systems and species richness by HZ discussed in the CheckUst. Biota Colomhiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -147 (2008a,b,c), Armbraster (2008), Castellanos-Morales (2008), Friel (2008), Garcia-Alzate & Roman-Valencia (2008), Garcia-Alzate et al (2008), Lundberg & Dahdul (2008), Roman-Valencia et al. (2008), Sabaj-Perez & Birindelli (2008), Schindler & Staeck (2008), and Lujan et al. (2009)]. These papers are cited where pertinent. In the Checklist, we include only those groups of fishes who spent their entire life cycles within freshwater systems. Consequently, we exclude the various species of marine fishes that seasonally migrate into the lower reaches of rivers during periods of decreased river flow with consequent increased levels of estuarine salinity. Also excluded from the listing are exotic species, whether introduced purposely or accidentally into Colombia. Alvarado-Forero & Gutierrez-Bonilla (2002) provide summaries of those species. The checklist follows the taxonomic classification used by Reis et al. (2003), with families arranged in systematic order, and genera and species of each family and subfamily listed alphabetically. The use of the genus Petulanos follows Sidlauskas & Vari (2008), and the use of Osteoglossidae follows Nelson (2006). Abbreviations for fish collections in museums, universities, and research institutions follow Leviton et al. (1985) and Eschmeyer & Fricke (2008). The distribution of each species in the checklist is reported within the context of the main Colombian hydrographic zones (HZ), delimited by IDEAM (2004). These are the Amazonas basin (Amz), the Rio Orinoco basin (Ori), the Rio Magdalena-Rio Cauca basin (Mag-Cau), the streams and rivers of the Pacific versant of Colombia (Pac), and the drainages of the Caribbean slope of Colombia (Car) (Figure 1). The reader will note that the rivers draining into the Caribbean Sea include on the one hand the large Rio Magdalena-Rio Cauca system (Mag-Cau) and on the other all the remaining rivers of that versant (Car). The drainage systems in the latter unit range from the moderate scaled Rio Atrato to the series of streams and smaller rivers of that slope emptying into the Caribbean Sea east and west of the mouth of the Rio Magdalena. This division of the Caribbean Sea drainage systems into two hydrographic zones (Mag-Cau and Car) recognizes the pronounced species richness and high degree of endemicity of the ichthyofauna of the combined Rio Magdalena-Rio Cauca system. In some instances, the hydrographic zones utilized in this paper subsume two or more of the freshwater ecoregions recently proposed by Abell et al. (2008). The more fine- scaled resolution of the latter system is potentially more informative in terms of areas of regional endemism; however, we defer from applying it until we can confidently delimit the distribution of most species in the Colombian freshwater fish fauna. Whenever possible, we base the citation of the occurrence of species in various hydrographic zones on publications by specialists. Supplementing those records were critically evaluated voucher specimens and literature records. Citations of Colombian species as endangered or extinct follow Mojica et al. (2002), Acero & Betancur (2006), and Prada-Pedreros et al. (2006). Results The Checklist cites 1435 species of fishes as inhabiting freshwater systems in Colombia, with these species distributed across 14 orders and 47 families. Dominant in the overall fish fauna is the superorder Ostariophysi with 1235 species or 86% of the total fauna, including the two most speciose orders in the continental Colombian ichthyofauna; these are the Characiformes with 637 species (44% of total) and Siluriformes with 524 species (37% of total). Other orders with noteworthy numbers of species are the Perciformes (124 species) and Gymnotiformes (74 species), with the 10 remaining orders having 1 to 35 species in Colombian freshwaters (Table 1). Families with the most species are the Characidae (399 species; 27.5% of the total species), Loricariidae (166 species), Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae (54 species), and Trichomycteridae (54 species). The remaining 42 families are represented in Colombia by 1 to 52 species (Table 2). We identify 311 species in the Checklist as presently known only from freshwater habitats in Colombia, with these therefore identified as endemics for the country. In the Checklist, we cite 42 species of threatened and extinct fresh water fishes; this number of species differs from the total in Mojica et al. (2002) due to changes in the taxonomic status of some nominal species in recent systematic studies. Brachyplatystomaflavicans Castelnau, 1855 and Paulicea luetkeni Steindachner, 1877 that were both in the Red List are now synonyms of Zungaro zungaro Humboldt, 1821. Similarly, Ageneiosus caucanus Steindachner, 1880 and A. freiei Schultz, 1944 are now in the synonymy of A. pardalis Liitken, 1874 with Saccodon caucae Schultz & Miles, 1943 a synonym of S. dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1913. In each instance, the synonymy of perceived threatened nominal forms {Ageneiosus caucanus, A.freiei, Brachyplatystoma flavicans, Paulicea luetkeni, Saccodon caucae) into species not considered endangered {Ageneiosus pardalis, Saccodon dariensis, Zungaro zungaro) necessitated the removal of the cited nominal species from endangered status. Alternatively, some newly described species previously thought to be part of a broadly distributed form (e.g., Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum and P. metaense Buitrago-Suarez & Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 148- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Table 1. Number of families and species in eacti order of fishes present in the freshwaters of Colombia. Orders # Species % # Families % Ctiaraciformes 637 44,4 14 29,8 Siluriformes 524 36,5 12 25,5 Perciformes 124 8,6 4 8,2 Gymnotiformes 74 5,2 5 10,2 Cyprinodontiformes 35 2,4 2 4,1 Clupeiformes 11 0,8 2 4,1 Myliobatiformes 9 0,6 2,0 Pleuronectiformes 7 0,5 2,0 Beloniformes 5 0,3 2,0 Batrachoidiformes 3 0,2 2,0 Osteoglossiformes 3 0,2 4,1 Lepidosireniformes 1 0,1 2,0 Synbranciiiformes 1 0,1 2,0 Tetraodontiformes 1 0,1 2,0 Total 1435 100 47 100 Burr, 2007, respectively, from the Rio Magdalena basin and Rio Meta systems) apparently are endangered (see Arce Hernandez (2008) concerning former species). The consequences of these nomenclatural changes for management and conservation issues exemplify the importance of thorough revisionary analysis of all components of the fish fauna. Recently published information on the ecology and distribution of various nominal species similarly resulted in changes in the status of some species included in Mojica et al. (2002). Of the total number of species, 387 or 27% were based on type series that originated within Colombia (see Checklist). Interestingly, the type localities of 65% of the species with type localities within Colombia (252 of 387 species) originated in trans-Andean locations. The Rio Magdalena-Cauca was the source of over half of the trans-Andean species total (138 species), with the Pacific versant (78 species) and Caribbean slope drainages (36 species) accounting for the remainder. The 33% of the species whose type-series originated at cis-Andean sites within Colombia were primarily from the Rio Orinoco basin (90 species) and with relatively few originating in the Colombian Amazon (36 species), the region of the country that has been least explored ichthyologically. Six recognized species have indefinite type localities of "Colombia". As reported previously by Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (2006), the Amazon and Orinoco hydrographic zones are the richest in terms of total numbers of species. Following these zones in order of decreasing richness are the Magdalena-Cauca, Caribbean slope drainages, and Pacific versant rivers (Figure 1). There is a striking lack of correlation between the hydrographic zones with the richest fish faunas within Colombia (Amazon and Orinoco) and the hydrographic zones that were the point of origin for the majority of type-series of fishes that originated in Colombian inland waters (Magdalena- Cauca, Caribbean, and Pacific versants). The discussion details how the historical focus on collecting fishes in trans-Andean drainages resulted in a disproportionate number of taxonomic studies of those regional components of the Colombian continental fish fauna. This historical collecting and the resultant research bias undoubtedly underlies these contrasting patterns. Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -149 Table 2. Number of species for each family of iishes present in the freshwaters of Colombia. Family # Species % Family # Species % Characidae 399 27,7 Pseudopimelodidae 11 0,8 Loricariidae 166 11,5 Prochilodontidae 10 0,7 Cichlidae 114 7,9 Acestrorhynchidae 9 0,6 Pimelodidae 54 3,8 Potamotrygonidae 9 0,6 Trichomycteridae 54 3,8 Gasteropelecidae 8 0,6 Doradidae 52 3,6 Achiridae 7 0,5 Anostomidae 51 3,5 Ctenoluciidae 7 0,5 Curimatidae 47 3,3 Engraulididae 7 0,5 Heptapteridae 44 3,1 Sciaenidae 7 0,5 Callichthyidae 42 2,9 Parodontidae 6 0,4 Auchenipteridae 41 2,9 Belonidae 5 0,3 Lebiasinidae 36 2,5 Chilodontidae 5 0,3 Apteronotidae 30 2,1 Rhamphichthyidae 5 0,3 Crenuchidae 30 2,1 Erythrinidae 4 0,3 Astroblepidae 24 1,7 Pristigasteridae 4 0,3 Rivulidae 21 1,5 Batrachoididae 3 0,2 Cetopsidae 18 1,3 Osteoglossidae 3 0,2 Aspredinidae 17 1,2 Eleotridae 2 0,1 Poeciliidae 14 1,0 Tetraodontidae 1 0,1 Gymnotidae 14 1,0 Ariidae 1 0,1 Hemiodontidae 14 1,0 Lepidosirenidae 1 0,1 Stemopygidae 14 1,0 Polycentridae 1 0,1 Cynodontidae 11 0,8 Synbranchidae 1 0,1 Hypopomidae 11 0,8 Total = 1435 100 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 150- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Checklist of the native freshwater fishes of Colombia. Listing does not include introduced species, nor does it include marine forms that only seasonally penetrate into the lower portions of rivers and streams. Figure 1 show the hydrographic zones and major river systems discussed in the text. Abbreviations: DC - species with their type locality in Colombia. EN - species now only known from Colombian freshwaters (endemics). CT - Endangered and threatened species (from Mojica et al. (2002) with listing modified as discussed in text). Amz - Amazon basin. Ori - Orinoco basin. Mag-Cauca - Rio Magdalena-Rio Cauca basin. Pac - Pacific slope rivers. Car - Caribbean slope rivers. Collections/references - catalog numbers are type series of species described from locations in Colombia; references either a) cite revisions and descriptions that document the presence of a species with a type-locality outside of Colombia in that country, or 2) cite publications that report a species as present in particular drainage basins within Colombia (see text). Non-type voucher lAvH-P lots that were the basis for the inclusion of a species in the checklist are indicated by an asterisk (*). Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Myliobatiformes Potamotrygonidae Paratrygon aiereba (Miiller & v v Henle, 1841) Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006, Mejia-Falla et al. 2007 Potamotrygon castexi Castello &Yagolkowski, 1969 Ortega et al. 2006, Mejia-Falla et al. 2007 Potamotrygon constellata (VaiUant, 1880) Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b, Mejia-Falla et al. imi Potamotrygon histrix (Miiller & Henle, 1834) Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Mejia-Falla et al. 2007 Potamotrygon magdalenae (Dumdril, 1865) X X MNHN A-2368; Meji'a-Falla etal. 2007 Potamotrygon motoro (Miiller & Henle, 1841) Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Mojica et al. 2005, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a,b, Mejia-Falla efa/.2007 Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a Potamotrygon schroederi Fernandez-Yepez, 1958 Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Mejia-Falla et al. 2007 Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Castello, 1970 X Galvis etal. 1997, Mojica etal. 2002, Mejia-Falla et al. 2007 Lepidosireniformes Lepidosirenidae Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 1837 ^ ^ Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006ab Osteoglossiformes Osteoglossidae Aid Arapaima gigas {Schinz, \S22) ' x Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (Cuvier, 1829) ^^^ ^ ^ Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -151 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 Aid, A2d X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Clupeiformes Engraulidae Amazonsprattus scintilla Roberts, 1984 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a Anchoviella jamesi (Jordan & Seale, 1926) X X Lasso et al. 2004 Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Lycengraulis batesii (Giinther, 1868) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz, 1829) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007a Pristigasteridae Ilisha amazonica (Miranda Ribeiro, 1920) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pellona castelnaeana Valenciennes, 1847 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Pellona fla vipinnis (Valenciennes, 1837) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Pristigaster cayana Cuvier, 1829 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Characiformes Parodontidae Parodon apolinari MyeK, 1930 X X SU 23725 Parodon buckleyi Boulenger, 1887 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Parodon caliensis Boulenger, 1895 ^ >f NT X BMNH 1895.11.16.83-87 Parodon pongoensis (Allen, 1942) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Parodon suborbitalis Valenciennes, 1850 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 152- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) NT X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a, X Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Curimatidae Curimata aspera (Giinther, 1868) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Curimata cerasina Vari, 1984 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Curimata cisandina (Allen, 1942) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Curimata incompta Vari, 1984 X X Lasso etal. 2004, Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Curimata mivartii (Steindachner, 1878) K A2d X NMW 68759.1., 68757-58, 68759.2, 68760-61; ZMUC 88 Curimata ocellata (Eigenmman & Eigenmman, 1889) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Curimata roseni Vari, 1989 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvisef a/. 2007b Curimata vittata (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a,b Curimatella alburna (Miiller & Troschel, 1844) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis ef a/. 2007b Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a,b Curimatella immaculata (Fernandez-Yepez, 1948) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis ef a/. 2007a,b Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner, 1882) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Curimatopsis crypticus Vari, 1982 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004 Curimatopsis evelynae Gery, 1964 ^ X USNM 19864, 198638; Gery personal collection 365 (now MNHG 2192.26); MNHN 1982-0764 Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner, 1876) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -15 3 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner, 1858) X Lasso et al. 2004 Cyphocharax festivus^m, 1992 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) X Galvis et al. 2007b Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) X X NMW 68873.1 Cyphocharax: multilineatus (Myers, 1927) X X Galvis et al. 2007ab Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari, 1992 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis ef a/. 2007b Cyphocharax oenas Wari, 1992 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari &BarrigaS., 1990 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Cyphocharax spilurus (Giinther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari, 1992 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Potamorhina altamazonica (Cope, 1878) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Potamorhina laticeps (Valenciennes, 1850) X Galvis ?f a/. 1997 Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Psectrogaster ciliata (Miiller & Troschel, 1844) X Lasso et al. 2004 Psectrogaster essequibensis (Giinther, 1864) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 154- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1858) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pseudocurimata lineopunctata (Boulenger, 1911) X X BMNH 1910.7.11.159, 1910.7.11.160- ^ 162 Pseudocurimata patiae (Eigenmann, 1914) X X X FMNH 56554, 56555; CAS 60622 [ex lU 13055] Steindachnerina argentea (Gill, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota- Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Steindachnerina atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1912) X X FMNH 56024 [ex CM 4814a], 56043, X 71308; CAS 44218 [ex lU 12676]; MCZ 30933; USNM 79192 Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner, 1876) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Steindachnerina dobula (Gunther, 1868) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. lOOla Steindachnerina hypostoma (Boulenger, 1887) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Steindachnerina of. planiventris Vari & Vari, 1989 X Ortega et al. 2006 Steindachnerina pupula Vari, 1991 X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007a Prochilodontidae Ichthyoelephas longirostris (Steindachner, 1879) X Aid, X A2d, B2c X NMW 56680, 56681-82 Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879 X X Aid X X NMW 56627, 56624, 56625, 56628. Prochilodus rnariae Eigenmann, 1922 X X CAS 15150 [ex lU 15150], 23942 [ex lU 15150] Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829 X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis ef a/. 2007b Prochilodus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1850 A2d, B2c X Galvis ?f a/. 1997 Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Semaprochilodus insignis (Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -155 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Semaprochilodus kneri (Pellegrin, 1909) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Semaprochilodus laticeps (Steindachner, 1879) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Semaprochilodus taeniurus (Valenciennes, 1821) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Anostomidae Abramites eques (Steindachner, ^ ^ 1878) ^ ^ ^"^ X NMW 69549, 69548, 69550; BMNH 1895.5.17.155-156 Abramites hypselonotus (Gunther, 1868) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Anostomus anostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Anostomus temetzi Fernandez- Y^pez, 1949 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Gnathodolus bidens Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Laemolyta fernandezi Myers, 1950 X Galvis et al. 2007a Laemolyta garmani (Borodin, 1931) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Laemolyta proxima (Garman, 1890) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporellus vitattus (Valenciennes, 1850) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega- Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Leporinus affinis Giinther, 1864 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leporinus agassizi Steindachner, 1876 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporinus arcus Eigenmann, 1912 X Lasso et al. 2004 leporinus aripuanaensis Garavello& Santos 1981 X Mojica et al. 2005, Galvis et al. 2007b Leporinus bimaculatus Castehiau, 1855 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 leporinus boehlkei Garavello, 1988 ^ ^ X ANSP 136487, 135432-33, 136489, 138803, 140316; MZUSP 28061 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 156- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Leporinus brunneus Myers, 1950 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Leporinus desmotes Fowler, 1914 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 1794) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporinus of. granti Eigenmann, 1912 X Lasso et al. 2004 Leporinus klausewitzi Gery, 1960 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leporinus latofasciatus Steindachner, 1910 X Lasso et al. 2004 Leporinus leschenaulti Valenciennes, 1850 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Leporinus maculatus Miiller & Troschel, 1844 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leporinus melanopleura Gunther, 1864 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Leporinus melanostictus Norman, 1926 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leporinus moralesi Fowler, 1942 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Leporinus muyscorum Steindachner, 1900 X Holotype: ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII Leporinus nattereri Steindachner, 876 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporinus niceforoi Fowler, 1943 ^ ^ X ANSP 70491,70492 Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner, 1915 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leporinus ortomaculatus Britski & Garavello, 1993 X Lasso et al. 2004 Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leporinus steyermarki Inger, 1956 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -157 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858 XXX Galvis et al. 1997, Lasso et aL 2004, Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo X et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Leporinus subniger Fowler, 1943 ^ X ANSP 70493, 70494 Leporinus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1876 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporinus wolfei Fowler, 1940 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Leporinus y-ophorus Eigenmann, 1922 X CAS 61680 [ex lU 15025] Pseudanos gracilis (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Pseudanos irinae Winterbottom, 1980 X Lasso et al. 2004 Pseudanos trimaculatus (Kner, 1858) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pseudanos winterbottomi Sidlauskas & Santos, 2005 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a Petulanos spiloclistron (Winterbottom, 1974) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner, 1858 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1858 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Schizodon dissimilis (Garman, 1890) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Schizodon fasciatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Schizodon scotorhabdotus Sidlauskas, Garvello & Jellen, 2007 X Sidlauskas et al. 2007 Synaptolaemus cingulatus Myers & Fernandez-Ydpez, 1950 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Chilodontidae Caenotropus labyrinthicus (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvisefa/. 2007a, 2007b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 158- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- pg^ Cauc Car Collections/References Caenotropus maculosus (Eigenmann, 1912) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega efa/.2006 Caenotropus mestomorgmatos Vari, Castro & Raredon, 1995 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Chilodus gracilis Isbriicker & Nijssen, 1988 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Chilodus punctatus Miiller & Troschel, 1844 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Crenuchidae Ammocryptocharax elegans Weitzman & Kanazawa, 1976 X USNM 210692, 214364; FMNH 80401 Ammocryptocharax minutus Buckup, 1993 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Characidium boavistae Steindachner, 1915 X Villa-Navarro etal. 2006 Characidium caucanum Eigenmann, 1912 X FMNH 56057 [ex CM 4847], 56058-60, 69546; CAS 41275-77 [ex lU 12701-03]; USNM 79183 Characidium chupa Schultz, 1944 X Lasso et al. 2004 Characidium etheostoma Cope, 1872 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Characidium fasciatum Reinhardt, 1867 X X X Galvis et al. 1997, Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006a, Ortega et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Characidium longum Taphorn, Montana & Buckup, 2006 X Lasso et al. 2008 Characidium pellucidum Eigenmann, 1909 X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Characidium phoxocephalum Eigenmann, 1912 X FMNH 56061 [ex CM 4851]; CAS 60254 [exIU 12704] Characidium pteroides Eigenmann, 1909 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b; lAvH-P 2333* Characidium aff. roesseli Gery, 1965 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Characidium sanctjohanni Dahl, 1960 X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown Characidium steindachneri Cope, 1878 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -159 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Characidium zebra Eigenmman, 1909 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Crenuchus spilurus Giinther, 1863 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Elachocharax geryi Weitzman &Kanazawa, 1978 X Lasso et al. 2004 Elacocharax pulcher Myers, 1927 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Klausewitzia spl. X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Klausewitzia sp2. X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leptocharacidium omospilus Buckup, 1993 X Lasso et al. 2004 Melanocharacidium depressum Buckup, 1993 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Melanocharacidium dispilomma Buckup, 1993 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Melanocharacidium pectorale Buckup, 1993 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Microcharacidium eleotrioides (G^ry, 1960) X IAvH-P6169* Microcharacidium gnomus Buckup, 1993 X Lasso et al. 2004 Microcharacidium weitzmani Buckup, 1993 X Lasso et al. 2004 Odontocharacidium aphanes (Weitzman & Kanazawa, 1977) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Odontocharacidium sp. X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Poecilocharax weitzmani G&y, 1965 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemiodontidae Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Anodus orinocensis (Steindachner, 1887) X Lasso et al. 2004 Argonectes longiceps (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Bivibranchia fowleri (Steindachner, 1908) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 160- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt, 1821) X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin, 1909 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner, 1908 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Hemiodus gracilis Giinther, 1864 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemiodus immacuiatus Kner, 1858 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hemiodus microlepis Kner, 1858 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner, 1858 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hemiodus tlmyeria Bohlke, 1955 ^ X SU48146 Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemiodus vorderwinkleri (Gery, 1964) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Gasteropelecidae Carnegiella marthae Myers, 1927 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Carnegiella myersi Femandez- Y^pez, 1950 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Carnegiella schereri Fernandez- Ydpez, 1950 X Galvis et al. 2007b Carnegiella strigata (Giinther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Gasteropelecus maculatus Steindachner, 1879 X X Galvis et al. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006ab, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a Gasteropelecus sternicla (Linnaeus, 1758) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Thoracocharax securis De Filippi, 1853 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Thoracocharax stellatus (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -161 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Characidae Aphyodite grammica Eigenmann, 1912 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1842) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Astyanax atratoensis Eigenmann, 1907 X X X USNM 1659 (missing), 306566 [ex USNM 1659]; CAS 38962 [ex lU 11488] Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) X X X X X Galvis et al. 1997, Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006ab, Ortega et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879) X X X NMW 57372-76; SMNS 2833; ZMUC 993 Astyanax cordovae (Giinther, 1880) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Astyanax daguae Eigenmann, 1913 X X X X FMNH 56251 [ex CM 5052] Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) X X X X X Galvis etal. 1997, Lasso etal. 2004, Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006ab, Ortega et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915) X X X NMW Holotype catalogue number unknown Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X X CAS 62258 [ex lU 12847] Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943 X X X ZMUL Astyanax integer My&:%, 1930 X X X X SU 23726 Astyanax magdalenae Eigenmman & Henn, 1916 X X X X FMNH 57006 [ex CM 5822]; CAS 39223 [ex lU 13611] Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1877) X X X FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457], 56641; CAS 39229 [ex lU 13153] Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944 X X X X ANSP 71418; lAvH-P 6494 Astyanax metae Eigenmann, 1914 X X FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457], 56641; CAS 39229 [ex lU 13153] Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann, 1913 X X X X X X FMNH 56209 [ex CM 5001], 56210-14, 69559-61, 71291, 95006; CAS 39341-45 [ex lU 12769-73]; USNM 79167 Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann, 1907 X X X X USNM 55655 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 162- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Astyanax ruberrimus Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56122 [ex CM 4912], 56123-25, 56292, 69557, 69562, 69745, 71292; CAS 61062-64 [ex lU 12751-53], 61065 [ex lU 12851]; lU 12751-53, 12851; USNM 79168 [ex CM] , 76940 (24, missing). Astyanax schubarti Bristki, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Astyanax scintillans Myers, 1928 X Lasso et al. 2004 Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a Astyanax superbus MyeK, 1942 X Lasso et al. 2004 Astyanax validus Gery, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Astyanax venezuelae Schultz, 1944 X Lasso et al. 2004 Atopomesus pachyodus Myers, 1927 X X CAS 41736 [ex lU 17673] Axelrodia riesei Gery, 1966 X X X USNM 207923, 207924; ANSP 112512, 139715; MNHN 1982-0538; ZMA 113865 Axelrodia stigmatias (Fowler, 1913) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Bario steindachneri (Eigenmann, 1893) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Brittanichthys sp. X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann, 1914 X X FMNH 56646 [ex CM 5463], 56646-47; CAS 18511 [ex lU 13157] Bryconamericus andresoi Roman-Valencia, 2003 X X X X rUQ 447, 448-449; CAS 70099-101; FMNH 56566-67 Bryconamericus arilepis Roman-Valencia, Vanegas-Rios & Ruiz-C., 2008 X X X IUQ920, 1915, 1917, 1567 Bryconamericus carlosi Roman- Valencia, 2003 X Roman-Valencia et al. 2008 Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56229 [ex CM 5031a], 56228, X 56230-34, 69792; CAS 39510-15 [ex lU 12795-800]; UMMZ 63039 Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann, 1914 X X FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459] Bryconamericus cristiani Roman-Valencia, 1999 X X X ICNMNH 3445, 3446-49; lUQ 381-382 Bryconamericus dahli Roman- Valencia, 2000 X X X ICNMNH 2722; lAvH-P 4734; IMCN 1689, 3894, 3905, 3911, 3918, 4052 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -163 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann, 1914 X X X FMNH 56644 [ex CM 5461], 56645; CAS 61221 [exIU 13156] Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907) X X X Galvis etal. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006b Bryconamericus galvisi Roman- Valencia, 2000 X X X ICNMNH 2720, 2721; lUQ 221-223 Bryconamericus guaytarae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 X X X X FMNH 56657 [ex CM 5474]; CAS 40844 [ex lU 13168] Bryconamericus guizae Roman- Valencia, 2003 X X X X lUQ 450, 451-452; STRI 1370 Bryconamericus huilae Roman- Valencia, 2003 X X X lUQ 422, 312-313, 423-424, 462-463, 476-477); STRI 00574 Bryconamericus icelus Dahl, 1964 X X X SMF 16284 Bryconamericus ichoensis Roman-Valencia, 2000 X X X ICNMNH 2718, 2719 Bryconamericus loisae Gery, 1964 X X X USNM 198645; ANSP 139713; MNHN 1980-1426 Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler, 1945 X X X X ANSP 71686, 71687-92, 71693, 71694 Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl, 1960 X X X ICNMHN 82, 58 Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann, 1927 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bryconamericus peruanus (MuUer&Troschel, 1845) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004, Roman-Valencia et al. 2008 Bryconamericus plutarcoi Roman-Valencia, 2001 X X X ICNMNH 4887; lUQ 308, 461, 472, 473 Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan, 1908) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004 Bryconella palUdifrons (Fowler, 1946) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Bryconops affinis (Giinther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1858 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Bryconops caudomaculatus (Giinther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Bryconops collettei Chernoff & Machado-AlUson, 2005 X lAvH-P 7658* Bryconops giacopinni (Fernandez-Yepez, 1950) X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 164- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- pg^ Cauc Car Collections/References Bryconops humeralis Machado- AUison, Chemoff & Buckup, 1996 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Bryconops inpai Knoppel, Junk & Gery, 1968 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, 1794) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann, 1913) X X NT X FMNH 56882 [ex CM 5162], 56883; CAS 68647 [ex lU 12911] Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann, 1914 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Chalceus epakros Zanata & Toledo-Piza, 2004 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo ef a/. 2006b Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1816 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Creagrutus affinis Steindachner, 1880 X X X X NMW 67120.2-5 Creagrutus amoenus Fowler, 1943 X X ANSP 70499, 70500-02, 70503 Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold, 2001 X X X X ANSP 134080; NRM 16842-43; USNM 353866-67 Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, 1911 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Creagrutus boUvari Schultz, 1944 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56095 [ex CM 4887a], 56096-98, 75172; CAS 41341-42 [exIU 12728-29], 41375 [ex lU 12730]; USNM 79188 Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold, 2001 X X X ANSP 130527, 139149, 177718; NRM 16848-49, 43015-16; USNM 353304, 353307,353868 Creagrutus caucanus, Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56104 [ex CM 4895a], 56105-08; CAS 41373-74 [ex lU 12736-37], 69304 [ex lU 12738] Creagrutus cochui Gery, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold, 2001 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Creagrutus guanes Torres-Mejia & Vari, 2005 X X X ICNMHN 8520, 8521, 8522, 9893, 9894, 9895, 9896, 9897,9898 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -165 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^" Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz, 1944 X Galvisefa/. 1997 Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold, 2001 X Galvis et al. 2007a Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56088 [ex CM 4880], 56089, 56092-93, 69730; CAS 41641 [ex lU 12722], 60056-57 [ex lU 12725-26] Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold, 2001 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Creagrutus maracaiboensis Schultz, 1944 X Galvis era/. 1997 Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers, 1927) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann, 1909 X lAvH-P 3233* Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl, 1960 X X X X ICNMHN 989; SU 49491 Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari, 1994 Galvis ?; a/. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005 Creagrutus phasma MyCK, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004 Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold, 2001 X Lasso et al. 2004 Creagrutus tuyuka (Vari & Lima, 2003) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope, 1870) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Ctenobrycon spilurus (Valenciennes, 1850) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Deuterodon cf. potaroensis (Eigenmann, 1909) X lAvH-P 3295* Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro, 1981 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006 Exodon paradoxus Miiller & Troschel, 1844 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, 1912 X X B2c X FMNH 56018 [ex CM 4808], 56019-2, 69547, 69779; CAS 44271-73 [ex lU 12672-74]; USNM 79207 Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821) X X NT X ZMB 33306, 3505, 31499 Grundulus cochae Roman- Valencia, Paepke & Pantoja, 2003 X X X X lUQ 453, 454, 455; STRI 1369 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 166- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Car Cauc Collections/References Gymnocorymbus bondi (Fowler, 1911) X X ANSP 37863, 37864, 37865 (1, missing); CM [ex ASNP 37866] Gymnocorymbus thayeri Eigenmann, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059], 56260;CAS 44332 [ex ru 12831] Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl, 1960 X X XXX ICNMHN (Holoytpe apparently destroyed), 29, 31, 126 Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann, 1914 X X X MNH 56653 [ex CM 5470], 56654-56; CAS 44350 [ex lU 13162] , 44351 [ex lU 13163], 44352 [ex lU 13164], 44353 [ex lU 13165] Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 X lAvHP 7156*, 7237* Hemibrycon decurrens (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X X FMNH 56255 [ex CM 5055]; CAS 39542 [lU 12829] Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X FMNH 56253 [ex CM 5054a], 56274, 5625, 56254, 69709; CAS 39543-45; USNM 79175 Hemibrycon fredcochui (Gery, 1966) X X ANSP 111676 [ex Gery coll. 0124.18- 19], 111668; MNHN 1980-1425; ZMA 113828 Hemibrycon jabonero Schultz, 1944 X X Galvis et al. 1997, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner, 1877) X lAvH-P 6188-6192* Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930 X X X X SU 23727 Hemibrycon microformaa Roman-Valencia & Ruiz-C, 2007 X X X lUQ 510, 511-514; MTDF 27628 Hemibrycon orcesi Bohlke, 1958 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemibrycon rafaelense Roman- Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2008 X X X ICNMHN 6703, 3505; lUQ 499, 509; MCNG 54101; MTD F 27623-24 Hemibrycon tolimae Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56257 [ex CM 5057], 56258; CAS 44357 [ex lU 12830] Hemibrycon veloxT)2a, 1964 X X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown; SMF 21300 Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 X X CAS 44368 [ex lU 13423], 44369 [ex lU 13424]; AMNH 5320 Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -167 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Hemigrammus bleheri Gery & Mahnert, 1986 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin, 1908 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin, 1909 X lAvH-P 2555* Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner, 1882) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin, 1909 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus gracillis (Liitken, 1875) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemigrammus guyanensis Gery, 1959 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin, 1918 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus iota Durbin, 1909 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus levis Durbin, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hemigrammus luelingi Gery, 1964 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, 1918 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus marginatus EUis, 1911 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus melanochrous Fowler, 1913 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus micropterus Meek, 1907 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hemigrammus microstomus Durbin, 1918 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemigrammus mimus Bohlke, 1955 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemigrammus newboldi (Fernandez-Y^pez, 1949) X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner, 1882) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 168- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Hemigrammus pretoensis Gery, 1965 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges, 1938 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemigrammus rhodostomus Ahl, 1924 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo ef a/. 2006b Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner, 1882) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin, 1909) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann, 1907 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006 Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri Gery, 1963 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, 1913 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hyphessobrycon albolineatum Fernandez-Yepez, 1950 X lAvH-P 760* Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Hyphessobrycon columhianus Zarske & G^ry, 2001 X MTDF 25497, 25498 Hyphessobrycon condotensis Regan, 1913 X BMNH 1913.10.1.19-21 Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin, 1908 X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hyphessobrycon diancistrus Weitzman, 1977 X USNM 216607, 216606; BMNH 1977.1.12.1-2; MZUSP 13179-80 Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin, 1909 X Lasso et al. 2008 Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner, 1882) X Galvis et al. 2007b Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma (Fowler, 1943) X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hyphessobrycon gracilior G^ry, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -169 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica ef a/. 2006b Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Ladiges, 1938 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Durbin, 1908 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 X X CAS 61751 [ex lU 13421], 61752 Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin, 1909 X lAvH-P 1863* Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, 1909 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hyphessobrycon ocasoensis Garcia-Alzate & Roman- Valencia, 2008 X X X Garcia-Alzate & Roman-Valencia 2008 Hyphessobrycon oritoensis Garcia-Alzate, Roman-Valencia & Taphom, 2008 X X X lUQ 1574, 129, 1575; MBUCV-V 33737; MCGN 55844 Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin, 1908 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Hyphessobrycon peruvianus Ladiges, 1938 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hyphessobrycon poecilioides Eigenmann, 1913 X X NT X X FMNH 56290 [ex CM 5091], 56291, 75150; CAS 77396 [ex lU 12850]; USNM 79214 Hyphessobrycon proteus Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56293 [ex CM 5094], 56294-99, 56381-82, 69778; CAS 57603 [ex lU 12858], 60478-83 [exIU 12852-57]; SU 22754; USNM 79215, 167819 Hyphessobrycon saizi Gery, 1964 X X X USNM 198647; ZMA 114206 Hyphessobrycon scholzei Ahl, 1937 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hyphessobrycon sovichthys Schultz, 1944 Galvis et al. 1997, Garcia-Alzate et al. 2008 Hyphessobrycon sweglesi (Gery, 1961) X X X X USNM 196090 Hyphessobrycon cf. tropis Gdry, 1963 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hyphessobrycon tukunai Gery, 1965 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Jupiaba abramoides (Eigenmann, 1909) X Lasso et al. 2004 Jupiaba anteroides (Gery, 1965) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 170- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Jupiaba asymmetrica (Eigenmann, 1908) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Jupiaba mucronata (Eigenmann, 1909) X Lasso et al. 2004 Jupiaba pinnata (Eigenmann, 1909) X Lasso et al. 2004 Jupiaba poekotero Zanata & Lima, 2005 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Jupiaba polylepis (Gtinther, 1864) X Lasso et al. 2004 Jupiaba scologaster (Weitzman &Vari, 1986) X Galvis et al. 2007b Jupiaba zonata (Eigenmann, 1908) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Knodus breviceps Eigenmann, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Knodus caquetae Fowler, 1945 X X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann, 1908) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Knodus hypopterus (Fowler, 1943) X X X ANSP 70505 Knodus meridae Eigenmann, 1911 X lAvH-P 9575-9580* Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Knodus orteguasae (Fowler, 1943) X X X ANSP 70504 Knodus tiquiensis Ferreira & Lima, 2006 X Ferreira & Lima 2006 Leptagoniates pi Vnvi, 1978 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leptagoniates steindachneri Boulenger, 1887 X Ortega et al. 2006 Markiana geayi (Pellegrin, 1909) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Microgenys minuta Eigenmann, 1913 X X NT X FMNH 56215 [ex CM 5007], 56216; CAS 47170 [ex lU 12818] Microschemobrycon callops Bohlke, 1953 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Micwsclremobrycon casiquiare Bohlke, 1953 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis et al. lOOla, 2007b Microschemobrycon geisleri Gery, 1973 X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -171 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Moenkhausia browni Eigenmann, 1909 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b Moenkhausia cf. ceros Eigenmann, 1908 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Gunther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann, 1908 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner, 1882) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner, 1877) X lAvH-P 2507, 3166* Moenkhausia eigenmanni Gery, 1964 ^ K; X USNM 198640; ANSP 112249, 139712; MNHN 1980-1445 Moenkhausia georgiae G&y, 1965 X Lasso et al. 2004 Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Miiller & Troschel, 1845) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann, 1908 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis etal.lQQlb Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmarm, 1908 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann, 1907) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmarm, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 172- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann, 1922 ^ ^ X CAS 55610 [ex lU 15026a], 55609 [ex lU 15026], 55608 [ex lU 13951]; FMNH 55214 Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Moenkhausia naponis Bohlke, 1958 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Moenkhausia oligolepis (Gunther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943 X ANSP 70496 Moankhausia ovalis (Gunther, 1868) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Moenkhausia robertsi Gery, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Moenkhausia simulata (Eiegenmann, 1924) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Moenkhausia takasei Gery, 1964 X Ortega et al. 2006 Nematobrycon lacortei Weitzman & Fink, 1971 USNM 205594, 205595-96; BMNH X X 1971.3.16.1; CAS 13396; FMNH 70525; ZMA 110740 Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911 BMNH 1910.7.11.196-201, 1910.7.11.196, 1910.7.11.202-207 Othonocheirodus sp. X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004 Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004 Paracheirodon innesi (Myers, 1936) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Paracheirodon simulans (Gery, 1963) X Lima et al. 2003 Paragoniates albumus Steindachner, 1876 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Parapristella georgiae Gery, 1964 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Petitella georgiae Gery & Boutiere, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvisc; a/. 2007b Phenagoniates macrolepis (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica etal. 2004 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -173 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Prionobrama filigera (Cope, 1870) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pristella maxillaris (Ukey, 1894) X Lasso et al. 2004 Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966 X X X USNM 231738 [was USNM 257403- F27], 171751, 231739 [ex USNM 258173-Fl] Pseudochalceus longianalis Gery, 1972 X X MHNG 1226.90., 1226.91-99; ANSP 140067; Gery personal collection 0690 Salminus affinis Steindachnner, 1880 X Aid, A2d ^ X MHNG 1226.90, 1226.91-99; ANSP 140067 Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Schultzites caelrodi G^ry, 1964 X X X USNM 198642 SerrabryconmagoiWwi, 1986 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004 Stichonodon insignis (Steindachner, 1876) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman, 1957 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Thayeria obliqua Eigenmann, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Thrissobrycon pectinifer Bohlke, 1953 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Triportheus albus Cope, 1872 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Triportheus auritus (Valenciennes, 1850) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Triportheus elongatus (Giinther, 1864) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Triportheus brachipomus Malabarba, 2004 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Triportheus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) X X X NMW 69151-54; ZMUC 87 Triportheus orinocensis Malabarba, 2004 X Lasso et al. 2004 Triportheus pictus (Garman, 1890) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 174- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Triportheus venezuelensis Malabarba, 2004 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Xenagoniates bondi Myers, 1942 X Lasso et al. 2004 Agoniatinae Agoniates anchovia Eigenmann, 1914 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Agoniates halecinus Miiller & Troschel, 1845 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Clupeacharacinae Clupeacharax anchoveoides Pearson, 1924 X Ortega et al. 2006 Iguanodectinae Iguanodectes adujai Gery, 1970 X X IAvH-P1118, 10249, 10673* Iguanodectes geisleri Gery, 1970 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Iguanodectes purisii (Steindachner, 1908) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Iguanodectes spilurus (Giinther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Bryconinae Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Brycon argenteus Meek & Hildebrand, 1913 X Mojica et al. 2004 Brycon bicolor Pellegrin 1909 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brycon cephalus (Giinther, 1869) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brycon dentex GiintheT, 1860 X Mojica et al. 2004 Brycon falcatus Miiller & Troschel, 1844 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Brycon/owteri Dahl, 1955 X X X Holotype and paratypes: whereabouts unknown Bryco?/!e??/Eigenmann, 1913 X X X X FMNH 56384 [ex CM 5152], 56341-46, 69556, 75147; CAS 18536, 39495-98; USNM 79169 Brycon hilarii-gmup X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brycon labiatus Steindachner, 1879 ^ ^ X NMW Holotype catalogue number unknown Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -175 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Brycon medemi Dahl, 1960 X X X ICNMHN41,73 Brycon meeki Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1918 X X X X CAS 13467 [exIU 13467], 13460, 18542, 18537, 54945, 61208-15, 61217-18; SU 22761; USNM 280489; MBUCV Brycon melanopterus (Cope, 1872) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. IQQla Brycon moorei Steindachner, 1878 X X X X NMW Holotype catalogue number unknown Brycon oligolepis Regan, 1913 X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.8-9 Brycon opalinus (Cuvier, 1819) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brycon pesu Miiller & Troschel, 1845 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab Brycon posadae Fowler, 1945 X X ANSP 71695 Brycon rubricauda Steindachner, 1879 X X X X NMW Holotype catalogue number unknown Brycon sinuensis Dahl, 1955 X X X Syntypes: lost Brycon striatulus (Kner, 1863) X X lAvH-P 7150* Brycon whitei Myers & Weitzman, 1960 X X SU 48818, 48817 [not SU 44817] Serrasalminae Catoprion mento (CuVi&c, 1819) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) NT X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Metynnis argenteus Ahl, 1923 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Metynnis hypsauchen (Miiller & Trsochel, 1844) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Metynnis Uppincottianus Cope, 1870 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Metynnis luna (Cope, 1870) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Metynnis maculatus (Kner, 1858) X Ortega et al. 2006 Mylesinus schomburgki Valenciennes, 1850 X Lasso et al. 2004 Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, 1818) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 176- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Myleus schomburgkii Valenciennes, 1849 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Myleus setiger (Valenciennes, 1849) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Myleus ternetzi (Norman, 1929) X Galvisefa/. 2007b Myleus torquatus (Kner, 1860) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Myloplus asterias (MuUer & Troschel, 1845) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Myloplus rubripinnis (Miiller & Troschel, 1844) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes, 1850) X Galvisefa/. 1997 Mylossoma aureum (Agassiz, 1829) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner, 1908) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Pristobrycon careospinus Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink & Machado-Allison, 1992 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner, 1908) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -111 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier, 1819) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Serrasalmus altuvei Ramirez, 1965 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Serrasalmus compressus Jegu, Leao& Santos, 1991 X Galvis et al. 2007b Serrasalmus elongatus Kner, 1858 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Serrasalmus gouldingi (Fink & Machado-Alison, 1992) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann, 1915 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes, 1850 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Serrasalmus irritans Peters, 1877 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858 X Jegu 2003 Serrasalmus manueli (Fernandez-Yepez & Ramirez, 1967) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Serrasalmus medinai Ramirez, 1965 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Serrasalmus nalseni Femandez- Y^pez, 1969 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Serrasalmus sanchezi G&y, 1964 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Serrasalmus spiropleura Kner, 1858 X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Aphyocharacinae Aphyocharax alburnus (Giinther, 1869) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Aphyocharax erythrurus Eigenmann, 1912 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Aphyocharax pusillus Giinther, 1868 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 178- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Characinae Acanthocharax microlepis Eigenmann, 1912 X Galvisefa/. 2007a Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachner, 1880) X NMW 57983 Acestrocephalus boehlkei Menezes, 1977 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Acestrocephalus sardina (Fowler, 1913) X X Menezes 2006 Charax condei (Gery & Knoppel, 1876) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Charax gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Charax leticiae \jiccmi, 1987 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Charax metae Eigenmann, \912 X X X CAS 41300 [ex lU 15027], 69117 [ex lU 15027]; FMNH 55145; SU 60707 [ex lU 15028]; UMMZ 160226; USNM 83631 [ex lU 15027] Charax michaeli Lucena, 1989 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Charax niger Lucena, 1989 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Charax tectifer (Cope, 1870) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Cynopotamus amazonus (Gunther, 1868) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Cynopotamus atratoensis (Eigenmann, 1907) X USNM 1664, 306567 [ex USNM 1664] Cynopotamus bipunctatus Pellegrin, 1909 X Lasso et al. 2004 Cynopotamus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879) X NMW 62501-02 , 62504-05, 77769 Galeocharax gulo (Cope, 1870) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Gnathocharax steindachneri Fowler, 1913 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Heterocharax macrolepis Eigenmann, 1912 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hoplocharax goethei Gdry, 1966 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -179 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Lonchogenys ilisha Myers, 1927 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Phenacogastermegalostictus Eigenmann, 1909 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Phenacogaster microstictus Eigenmann, 1909 X Lasso ef a/. 2004 Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope, 1870) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Priocharax pygmaeus Weitzman &Vari, 1987 X NRM 15048; MBUCV-V-15342; MZUSP 36498; NRM 17593; USNM 278479 Roeboides affinis (Giinther, 1868) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Roeboides dayi (Steindachner, 1878) X X X NMW 67132 Roeboides dientonito Schultz, 1944 X Lasso et al. 2004 Roeboides myersii Gill, 1870 X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Roeboides occidentalis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 X X Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et a/.2006b, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a Stethaprioninae Brachychalcinus copei (Steindachner, 1882) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachychalcinus nummus Bohlke, 1958 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachychalcinus orbicularis (Valenciennes, 1850) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Poptella brevispina Reis, 1989 X lAvH-P 4382* Poptella compressa (Giinther, 1864) X Lasso et al. 2004 Poptella longipinnis (Popta, 1901) X Lasso ef a/. 2004 Stethaprion erythrops (Cope, 1870) X Galvis et al. 2007b Tetragonopterinae Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 180- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Tetragonopterus chalceus Spix &Agassiz, 1829 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Rhoadsiinae Parastremma album Dahl, 1960 X X ICNMHN 147, 147a Parastremma pulchrum Dahl, 1960 X X X X ICNMHN 204 Parastremma sadina Eigenmann, 1912 X X X X FMNH 56022 [ex CM 4812], 56023, 69678; CAS 57600 [ex lU 12675]; USNM 79225 Cheirodontinae Cheirodon pulcher (Cm, 1858) X Lasso et al. 2004 Cheirodontops geayi Schultz, 1944 X Lasso et al. 2004 Nanocheirodon insignis (Steindachner, 1880) X X X X NMW 62543-44 Odontostilbe fugitiva Cope, 1870 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Odontostilbe splendida Buhmheim & Malabarba, 2007 X X ANSP 181040; ANSP 181041; ICNMHN 14168; INPA 25173; MBUCV 32890;, MCNG 54519; MCP 38862 Saccoderma hastatus (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X X FMNH 56383 [ex CM 5103], 56300, 69555; CAS 70919 [ex lU 12861]; USNM 79223 Saccoderma melanostigma Schultz, 1944 X Mojica et al. 2004 Saccoderma robusta Dahl, 1955 X X X MHNG 1066.39-42 Glandulocaudinae Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X X FMNH 56235 [ex CM 5036], 56236-4, 69710, 69777; CAS 39030-33 [ex lU 12939-42]; USNM 236096 [ex 76943], 79173, 249871 [ex 76943] Argopleura conventus (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X FMNH 56261 [ex CM 5060], 56262, 71290; CAS 39439 [ex lU 12802]; USNM 79174 Argopleura diquensis (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X FMNH 56272 [ex CM 5072], 56273, 69690; CAS 39013 [ex lU 12820] Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann, 1913) X X X FMNH 56263 [ex CM 5063], 56264- 65, 56267-71, 56275, 69760; BMNH 1924.3.3.37-38; CAS 40827-32 [ex lU 12821-26]; USNM 79176, 236097 Corynopoma riisei GUI, 1858 X Lasso et al. 2004 Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann, 1912 X X X FMNH 56012 [ex CM 4802], 56013-15, 69553, 95008; CAS 44275-77 [ex lU 12668-70]; USNM 81921 Gephyrocharax chocoensis Eigenmann, 1912 X X X X FMNH 56016; lAvH-P 7228-7233 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -181 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Gephyrocharax martae Dahl, 1943 X X X ZMUL Holotype catalogue number unknown Gephyrocharax melanocheir Eigenmann, 1912 X X X FMNH 56049 [ex CM 4839], 56050-51, X 69554; CAS 44292-93 [ex lU 12696-97]; USNM 79209 Gephyrocharax sinuensis Dahl, 1964 X X Holotype ICNMHN (apparently destroyed), ICNMHN 749 Gephyrocharax Valencia Eigenmann, 1920 X Lasso et al. 2004 Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann, 1913 X X X FMNH 56250 [ex CM 5051 ] Tyttocharax cochui (Ladiges, 1950) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Tyttocharax madeirae Fowler, 1913 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Xenurobrycon heterodon Weitzman & Fink, 1985 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Acestrorhynchidae Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus (Cope, 1878) X Galvis et al. 2007b Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch, 1794) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier, 1819) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Acestrorhynchus grandoculis Menezes & Gery, 1983 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope, 1878) X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Lutken, 1875) X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Schomburgk, 1841) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Acestrorhynchus minimus Menezes, 1969 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Acestrorhynchus nasutus Eigenmann, 1912 X Lasso et al. 2004 Cynodontidae Cynodon gibbus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 182- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Cynodon septenarius Toledo- Piza, 2000 X Lasso et al. 2004 Gilbertolus alatus (Steindachner, 1878) X NMW 14998 Gilbertolus atmtoensis Schultz, 1943 ^ ^ X USNM 76976, 120170 Hydwlycus armatus (Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo ef a/. 2006b Hydwlycus scombewides (Cuvier, 1816) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hydwlycus tatauaia Toledo- Pizza, Menezes & Santos, 1999 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hydwlycus wallacei Toledo- Pizza, Menezes & Santos, 1999 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Roestes molossus (Kner, 1858) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Roestes ogilviei (Fowler, 1914) X Galvis et al. 2007b Erythrinidae Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Agassiz, 1829) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) X XXX Galvis et al. 1997, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006ab, Mojica et al. 2006ab, Ortega et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara 2006ab, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Hoplias micwlepis (Giinther, 1864) X Oyakawa 2003 Lebiasinidae Copeina guttata (Seteindachner, 1876) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Copeina osgoodi Eigenmann, 1922 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -18 3 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Copella arnoldi (Regsta, 1912) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Copella compta (Myers, 1927) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Copella metae (Eiegenmann, 1914) X X CAS 60494 [ex lU 13251a], 60495 [ex lU 13251]; SU 24656 Copella nattereri (Steindachner, 1876) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Copella nigrofasciata (Meinken, 1952) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Copella vilmae Gery, 1963 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Lebiasina astrigata Regan, 1913 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004 Lebiasina aureoguttata Fowler, 1911 X Mojica et al. 2004 Lebiasina chucuriensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2001 X X X CAR 150424, 150423, 150425 Lebiasina Colombia Ardila Rodriguez, 2008 X X X CAR 190, 191, 192; ICNMHN 5314 Lebiasina elongata Boulenger, 1887 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogota- Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Lebiasina erythrinoides Valenciennes, 1849 X X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado- Ocampo 2006 Lebiasina festae Boulenger, 1899 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004 Lebiasina floridablancaensis Ardila Rodriguez, 1994 X X X CAR 15-04-01; MBUCV-V-26713 [ex CAR 15-04-02 and 03]; MHNUNC 1837 Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger, 1911 X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.167-169 Lebiasina narinensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2002 X X X X ICNMHN 2340, 2340-1 Lebiasina ortegai Ardila Rodriguez, 2008 X X X CAR 157, 265; CZUT-IC 2586; lAvH-P 9875; IMCN 4200, 4201 Lebiasina panamensis Gill, 1877 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004 Lebiasina pleurotaenia Regan, 1903 X Galvis et al. 1997 Nannostomus eques Steindachner, 1876 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Nannostomus espei (Meinken, 1956) X Lasso et al. 2004 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 184- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Nannostomus harrisoni (Eigenmann, 1909) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Nannostomus marginatus Eigenmann, 1909 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Nannostomus marilynae Weitzman & Cobb, 1975 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Nannostomus trifasciatus Steindachner, 1876 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner, 1876 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner, 1876 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pyrrhulina eleanorae Fowler, 1940 X lAvH-P 5222, 5223* Pyrrhulina filamentosa Valenciennes, 1847 X Lasso et al. 2004 Pyrrhulina laeta (Cope, 1872) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann, 1922 ^ X X CAS 78888 [ex lU 15041a], 78888 [ex lU 15041] Pyrrhulina obermuelleri Myers, 1926 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner, 1876 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pyrrhulina stoli Boeseman, 1953 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, lAvH-P 4997* Ctenoluciidae Boulengerella cuvieri (Agassiz, 1829) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Boulengerella lateristriga (Boulenger, 1895) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Boulengerella lucius (Cuvier, 1817) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, 1850) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Boulengerella xyrekes Vari, 1995 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -185 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Ctenolucius beani (Fowler, 1907) X X X ANSP 16642 [ex USNM 1658] Ctenolucius hujeta (Valenciennes, 1850) X X Galvis etal. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Villa- Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a Siluriformes Cetopsidae Cetopsidium morenoi (Femandez-Y^pez, 1972) X Lasso et al. 2004 Cetopsidium pemon Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005 X Vari ef a/. 2005 Cetopsis amphiloxa (Eigenmann, 1914) X X X FMNH 56519 [ex CM 5332]; CAS 77028 [ex lU 13009], 77027 [ex lU 13040] Cetopsis baudoensis (Dahl, 1960) X X X ICNMHN118, 100 Cetopsis candiru Spix & Agassiz, 1829 X Mojica et al. 2005, Vari et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Cetopsis coecutiens (Lichtenstein, 1819) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Vari et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Cetopsis fimbriata Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005 X X X USNM 305348, 372825, 372826; ICNMHN 7272 Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler, 1944) X X X ANSP 71430 Cetopsis motataensis (Schultz, 1944) X Galvis et al. 1997, Vari et al. 2005 Cetopsis oUveirai (Lundberg & Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994) X Ortega et al. 2006 Cetopsis Orinoco (Schultz, 1944) X Lasso et al. 2004 Cetopsis othonops (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56040 [CM 4830], 56041-42, 69814; AMNH 5318 [ex lU 12685 a-j]; BMNH 1924.3.3.81-82; CAS 64606- 08 [ex lU 12684-86] (6, 18, 1); USNM 76972, 79213, 167853 Cetopsis plumbea Steindachner, 1882 X Lasso et al. 2004 Cetopsis umbrosa Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005 X X Vari et al. 2005 Denticetopsis macilenta (Eigenmann, 1912) X Lasso et al. 2004, Vari et al. 2005 Denticetopsis praecox (Ferraris & Brown, 1991) X Mojica et al. 2005, Vari et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 186- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Helogenes castaneus (Dahl, 1960) X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown Helogenes marmoratus Giinther, 1863 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Aspredinidae Amamlia hypsiura (Kner, 1855) X Ferraris 2007 Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope, 1870 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bunocephalus amaurus Eigenmann, 1912 X Lasso et al. 2004 Bunocephalus chamaizelus Eigenmann, 1912 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bunocephalus colombianus Eigenmann, 1912 X X FMNH 56038 [ex CM 4828]; CAS 35249 ^ ^ ^ [ex lU 12687] Bunocephalus coracoideus (Cope, 1874) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bunocephalus knerii Steindachner, 1882 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bunocephalus verrucosus (Walbaun, 1792) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Dupouyichthys sapito Schultz, 1944 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Hoplomyzon papillatus Stewart, 1985 X Galvis et al. 2007b Hoplomyzon sexpapilostoma Taphom & Marrero, 1990 X lAVH-P 5371, 7924 ,7925* Pseudobunocephalus amazonicus (Mees, 1989) X Friel 2008 Pseudobunocephalus bifidus Eigenmann, 1942 X Galvis et al. 2007b Pseudobunocephalus lundbergi Friel, 2008 X X Friel 2008 Xyliphius lepturus Orces, 1962 X X Lasso et al. 2004 Xyliphius magdalenae Eigenmann, 1912 X X X FMNH 56039 [ex CM 4829] Xyliphius melanopterus Orc^s, 1962 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b Trichomycteridae Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt, 1805 X X NT X No types known Haemomaster venezuelae Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004, lAvH-P 6981-6982* Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -187 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Henonemus punctatus (Boulenger, 1887) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Henonemus sp. X Lasso et al. 2004 Ituglanis amazonicus (Steindachner, 1882) X Lasso ef a/. 2004 Ituglanis guayaberensis (Dahl, 1960) X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown Ituglanis metae (Eigenmann, 1917) X X X CAS 58138 [ex lU 13770] Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers &Weitzman, 1966 X X X SU 50754, 50755 Megalocentor echthrus de Pinna & Britski, 1991 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ochmacanthus alternus Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Ochmacanthus Orinoco Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004 Ochmacanthus reinhardtii (Steindachner, 1882) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Paracanthopoma parva Giltay, 1935 X lAvH-P 2482, 3020* Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles, 1943) X X X Holotype: lost. Paratypes: MCZ 35874; USNM 120141 Plectrochilus machadoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1917 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Plectrochilus wieneri (Pellegrin, 1909) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pseudostegophilus haemomyzon (Myers, 1942) X Lasso et al. 2004 Pseudostegophilus nemurus (Gunther, 1869) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rhizosomichthys totae (Miles, 1942) X X EX X ICNMHN 353; MCZ 35744; SU 37074 Schultzichthys bondi (Myers, 1942) X lAvH-P 875, 2629, 6998* Schultzichthys gracilis Dahl, 1960 X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown Stegophilus septentrionalis Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004 Trichomycterus banneaui (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X FMNH 56025 [ex CM 4815], 56026, 69815; CAS 58127 [ex lU 12677]; USNM 79234 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 188- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S" Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Trichomycterus bogotense (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X FMNH 56030 [ex CM 4820]; 56031, 56044; AMNH 7107; CAS 58118 [ex lU 12679]; USNM 79232 Trichomycterus cahiraensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2008 X X X CAR125, 97; CZUTIC2920; lAvH-P 11114; MBUCV-V35384 Trichomycterus caliense (Eigenmann, 1912) X X NT X X FMNH 56029 [ex CM 4819 not 6819] Trichomycterus chapmani (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56027 [ex CM 4817], 50628, 69813; CAS 58128 [ex lU 12678]; USNM 79233 Trichomycterus dorsostriatus (Eigenmann, 1917) X X X FMNH 58096 [ex CM 7093], 58097; CAS 64579 [ex ru 13810] Trichomycterus gorgona Fernandez & Schaefer, 2005 X X X ANSP 149946; ICNMHN 10019 Tricomycterus knerii Steindachner, 1882 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006b Trichomycterus latidens (Eigenmann, 1917) X X X X CAS 76335 [ex lU 13801] Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann, 1917) X X X FMNH 58449 [ex CM 7450] Trichomycterus migrans (Dahl, 1960) X X X ICNMHN 399, 400 Trichomycterus nigromaculatus Boulenger, 1887 X X X X X BMNH 1880.2.26.16-17 Trichomycterus regani (Eigenmann, 1917) X X X CAS 64591 [ex lU 13772] Trichomycterus retropinnis Regan, 1903 X X X BMNH 1899.8.21.12-13 Trichomycterus romeroi (Fowler, 1941) X X X ANSP 69331, 69332-35 Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodriguez, 2007 X X X CAR 340, 37, 88, 89, 325, 331, 332; IAvH-P4342, 4344; IMCN 4195 Trichomycterus sandovali Ardila Rodriguez, 2006 X X X CAR 116; AS 115 Trichomycterus santanderensis Castro, 2007 X X X CAC-CDMB 035; 051 Trichomycterus spilosoma (Regan, 1913) X X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.106-107, 1910.7.11.108 Trichomycterus stellatus (Eigenmann, 1918) X X X FMNH 58101 [ex CM 7097], 58102; CAS 58121 [ex lU 13814] Trichomycterus straminius (Eigenmann, 1918) X X X FMNH 58105 [ex CM 7101], 58091-92; X CAS 58148 [ex lU 13818], 58105 [ex lU 13804] Trichomycterus striatus (Meek &Hildebrand, 1913) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -189 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^" Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Trichomycterus taenia Kner, 1863 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navan-o et al. 2006 Trichomycterus transandianum (Steindachner, 1915) X X X X NMW 44475 (?) Trichomycterus uisae Castellanos, 2008 X X X Castellanos-Morales 2008 Trichomycterus unicolor (Regan, 1913) X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.42-43 Trichomycterus venulosus (Steindachner, 1915) X X X NMW 44476 Tridens melanops Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Tridensimilis brevis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Tridensimilis venezuelae Schultz, 1944 X Galvis et al. 2007a Vandellia beccarii Di Caporiacco, 1935 X Lasso et al. 2004 Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes, 1846 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Callichthyidae Brochis splendens (Castelnau, 1855) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Callichthys fabricioi Roman- Valencia, Lehmann-A & Muiioz, 1999 X X B2c X ICNMHN 3842; lUQ 152, 305, 306, 307; MCP 21174-75; UV 89018, 91063, 93001-04,98002,98031 Callichthys oibaensis Ardila- Rodriguez, 2006 X X X CAR 251, 250; IMCN 3310; CZUT-IC 1837; IAvH-P5730; ICNMNH 13396; MBUCV-V 32798 Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) X Lasso et al. 2004 Corydoras agassizii Steindachner, 1876 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras ambiacus Cope, 1872 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras arcuatus Elv/'m, 1939 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras armatus (Giinther, 1868) X Galvis et al. 2007b Corydoras axelrodi Rossel, 1962 X X X X SMF 5700, 5701-02 Corydoras bondi Gosline, 1940 X Lasso et al. 2004 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 190- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Corydoras delphax Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1983 X X X X NRM 26073 [1972222.3251]; NRM 26074; ZMA 119063 Corydoras elegans Steindachner, 1876 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras esperanzae Castro, 1987 X X X UBJTLMM275 Corydoras evelynae Rossel, 1963 X Galvis et al. 2007b Corydoras fowleri Bohlke, 1950 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras gomezi Castro, 1986 X X UBJTLMM536 Corydoras habrosus Weitzman, 1960 X Lasso et al. 2004 Corydoras leucomelas Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras loxozonus Nijssen & Isbriicker, 1983 X X X X ANSP 150170 Corydoras melanistius Regan, 1912 X Maldonado-Ocampo 2004 Corydoras melanotaenia Regan, 1912 X X X X BMNH 1909.7.23.41; BMNH 1909.7.23.42 Corydoras melini Lonnberg & Rendahl, 1930 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras metae Eigenmann, 1914 X X X X CAS 36447 [ex lU 13451] Corydoras napoensis Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1986 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras osteocarus Bohlke, 1951 X Galvis et al. 2007a Corydoras pastazensis Weitzman, 1963 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras rabauti La Monte, 1941 X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras reticulatus Fraser- Brunner, 1938 X Galvis et al. 2007b Corydoras reynoldsi Myers & Weitzman, 1960 X X X SU 52349, 50702; ZMA 111424 Corydoras semiaquilus Weitzman, 1964 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras septentrionalis Gosline, 1940 X Lasso et al. 2004 Corydoras simulatus Weitzman & Nijssen, 1970 X X X X USNM 197615, 197616, 197667; ZMA 110384 Corydoras sodalis Nijssen & Isbrucker, 1986 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -191 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Corydoras trilimatus Cope, 1872 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Corydoras zygatus Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Dianema longibarbis Cope, 1872 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hoplostemum Uttorale (Hancock, 1828) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hoplostemum magdalenae Eigenmann, 1913 X X X X FMNH 56281 [ex CM 5081], 56282-83; CAS 76513 [ex lU 13970], 76516 [ex lU 12836]; MCP 17307 [ex CAS 76516] Hoplostemum punctatum Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a Megalechis picta (Muiiller & Troschel, 1848) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Megalechis thoracata (Valenciennes, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Astroblepidae Astroblepus caquetae Fowler, 1943 X X X ANSP 70506, 70507-08 Astroblepus cirratus (Regan, 1912) X X X X BMNH: 1912.3.2.7 Astroblepus chapmani (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X X FMNH 56071 [ex CM 4863], 50672; CAS 64658 [ex lU 12708a-c] Astroblepus chotae (Regan, 1904) X X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Astroblepus cyclopus (Humboldt, 1805) X X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005 Astroblepus frenatus Eigenmann, 1918 X X X X X FMNH 58384 [ex CM 7380] Astroblepus grixalvii Humboldt, 1805 X X X X X No types known Astroblepus guentheri (Boulenger, 1887) X X X X BMNH 1880.2.26.18-25 Astroblepus heterodon (Regan, 1908) X X X BMNH 1908.5.29.80 Astroblepus homodon (Regan, 1904) X X X X BMNH 1902.5.15.27 Astroblepus jurubidae Fowler, 1944 X X X ANSP 71431 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 192- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Astwblepus latidens Eigenmann, 1918 X X X X FMNH 58366 [ex CM 7362], 58367-71, 69816; CAS 64659 [ex lU 13678], 64689 [ex lU 13679] Astwblepus longifilis (Steindachner, 1882) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Astroblepus mariae (Fowler, 1919) X X X X ANSP 49368, 49369-84 Astwblepus marmoratus (Regan, 1904) X X X BMNH 1899.8.21.10-11 Astwblepus micrescens Eigenmann, 1918 X X X X FMNH 58376 [ex CM 7372], 58377 [ex CM 7373]; CAS 64692 [ex lU 13686] Astwblepus nicefori Myers, 1932 X X X X X SU 24796; USNM 94178 Astwblepus rengifoi Dahl, 1960 X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown Astwblepus retropinnus (Regan, 1908) X X X BMNH 1908.5.29.81-82; IMCN 295 Astwblepus wsei Eigenmann, 1922 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005 Astwblepus santanderensis Eigenmann, 1918 X X X FMNH 58433 [ex CM 7430], 58372-75, 58427-28, 58431-32; CAS 47001 [ex lU 13741], 47002 [ex lU 13682], 60163 [ex lU 13740], 64696 [ex lU 13683], 64697 [ex lU 13684], 64698 [ex lU 13685] Astwblepus trifasciatus (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56076 [ex CM 4868], 56077- 78; AMNH 18667 [ex lU 12711]; CAS 64716-17 [ex lU 12711-12], 764718; USNM 79198 Astwblepus unifasciatus (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56079 [ex CM 4871], 56080, X 69817; CAS 64718 [ex lU 12713]; USNM 79199 Astwblepus ventralis (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56074 [ex CM 4866], 56073, 56075; AMNH 18666 [ex lU 12710] (1); CAS 47013 [ex CM 4865, lU 12709], 47014 [ex CM 4867a-g, lU 12710a-g] Loricariidae Hypoptopomatinae Acestridium colombiensis Retzer 2005 X X X FMNH 115255, 105169; INHS 99093; USNM 381314 Acestridium martini Retzer, Nico & Provenzano, 1999 X Lasso et al. 2004 Apistoloricaria laani Nijssen & Isbriicker, 1988 X X X X ANSP 131483, 131484, 157750, 157940- 41; ZMA 119444 Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypoptopoma psilogaster Fowler, 1915 X Ferraris Jr 2007 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -193 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Hypoptopoma steindachneri Boulenger, 1895 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hypoptopoma thoracatum Gunther, 1868 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Nannoptopoma spectabile (Eigenmann, 1914) X X X X AS 33806 [ex lU 13253a]; CAS 33807 [ex lU 13253] Nannoptopoma sternoptychum Scheafer, 1996 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Otocinclus batmani Lehmann, 2006 X X ICNMHN 6721, 6722; ANSP 178616; MCP 28172, 34087; MHNUC 474 Otocinclus huaorani Schaefer, 1997 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b Otocinclus macrospilus Eigenmann & Allen, 1842 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 1904 X Lasso et al. 2004 Oxyropsis acutirostra Miranda Ribeiro, 1951 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Oxyropsis carinata (Steindachner, 1879) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Parotocinclus eppleyi Schaefer &Provenzano, 1993 X Lasso et al. 2004 Loricariinae Apistoloricaria Ustrorhinos Nijssen & Isbrticker, 1988 X X X X ANSP 131482 Crossoloricaria cephalaspis Isbriicker, 1979 X X X BMNH 1947.7.1.228 Crossoloricaria rhami Isbriicker & Nijssen, 1983 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Crossoloricaria variegata (Steindachner, 1879) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica X et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navarroefa/. 2006 Dasyloricaria capetensis (Meek &Hildebrand, 1916) Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006, Mojica etal.2004 Dasyloricaria filamentosa (Steindachner, 1878) X X NMW 44874, 44870-73, 44874:2, 44875- 77; ZMUC 86 Dasyloricaria latiura (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912) X X X FMNH 55115; USNM 79219 Dasyloricaria seminuda (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912) X X X FMNH 55113, 55114, 55116; lU 12694 Dentectus barbarmatus Martin Salazar, Isbrticker & Nijssen, 1982 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 194- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Farlowella acus (Kner, 1853) X Lasso et al. 2004 Farlowella amazona (Giinther, 1864) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Farlowella colombiensis Retzer & Page, 1997 X X CAS 123733, 169739 [ex CAS 123733]; ANSP 88080; INHS 32939 [ex ASNP 88080] Farlowella gracilis Regan, 1904 X X X X BMNH 1902.5.29.180 Farlowella mariaelenae Martin Salazar, 1964 X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. IQQla Farlowella nattereri Steindachner, 1910 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Farlowella oxyrrhyncha (Kner, 1853) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Farlowella platorynchus Retzer & Page, 1997 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Farlowella smithi Fowler, 1913 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Farlowella taphorni Retzer & Page, 1997 X lAvH-P 9800, 9801 Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus (Kner, 1853) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Lamontichthys llanero Taphom & Lilyestrom, 1984 X Lasso et al. 2004 Lamontichthys maracaibero Taphom & Lilyestrom, 1984 X Galvis et al. 2007a Limatulichthys griseus (Eigenmann, 1909) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007a Loricaria nickeriensis Isbriicker, 1979 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Loricaria simillima Regan, 1904 X Lasso et al. 2004 Loricariichthys brunneus (Hancock, 1828) X Lasso et al. 2004 Loricariichthys cf. maculatus (Bloch, 1794) X lAvH-P 3253 Planiloricaria cryptodon (Isbrucker, 1971) X Ortega et al. 2006 Pseudohemiodon sp. X Lasso et al. 2004 Pterosturisoma microps (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) X Ortega et al. 2006 Rineloricaria castroi Isbrucker &Nijssen, 1984 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -195 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Rineloricaria eigenmanni (Pellegrin, 1908) X Galvisefa/. 2007a Rineloricaria formosa Isbriicker & Nijssen, 1979 X X X FMNH 83713, 83714-15; IRSNB 608- 609; MZUSP [ex IRSNB 608, MZUSP ex IRSNB 609]; ZMA 114922-23, 115182, 115196-97; ZSM 25821 Rineloricaria juahata (Boulenger, 1902) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Rineloricaria lanceolata (Gunther, 1868) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Rineloricaria magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879) X X X X NMW 45080; NMW 45800 Rineloricaria nigricauda (Regan, 1904) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rineloricaria sneiderni (Fowler, 1944) X X X ANSP 71433, 71434 Spatuloricaria atratoensis Schultz, 1944 X X X USNM 93810 Spatuloricaria caquetae (Fowler, 1943) X X X ANSP 70526, 70527 Spatuloricaria curvispina (Dahl, 1942) X X X ZMUL Holotype status unknown Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbriicker, 1979 X X X ANSP71718 Spatuloricaria gymnogaster (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912) X X X X CAS 28773 [ex lU 12691], 28774-75 [ex lU 12692-93]; FMNH 55138; USNM 79218(2) Spatuloricaria fimbriata (Eigenmann & Vance, 1912) X X X FMNH 55117 [ex CM 3808], 55118; CAS 77173 [ex lU 12714] Sturisoma aureum (Steindachner, 1900) X X X X X ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII Sturisoma panamense (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) X X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006b, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006ab Sturisoma tenuirostre (Steindachner, 1910) X Lasso et al. 2004 Sturisomatichthys caquetae (Fowler, 1945) X X X ANSP 71719 Sturisomatichthys leightoni (Regan, 1912) X X X X BMNH 1909.7.23.45, BMNH 1909.7.23.46-47 Sturisomatichthys tamanae (Regan, 1912) X X X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.133, BMNH 1910.7.11.134 Hypostominae Aphanotorulus ammophilus Armbruster & Page, 1996 X lAvH-P 3836-3839* Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 196- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Aphanotorulus unicolor (Steindachner, 1908) X Ortega et al. 2006 Hypostomus argus (Fowler, 1943) X X X X ANSP 70510 Hypostomus niceforoi (Fowler, 1943) X X X X ANSP 70511 Hypostomus carinatus (Steindachner, 1881) X lAvH-P 3934* Hypostomus hondae (Regan, 1912) X Cl X X X BMNH 1909.7.23.43-44 Hypostomus winzi (Fowler, 1945) X X X ANSP 71623 Hypostomus oculeus (Fowler, 1943) X X ANSP 70518, 70519-20 Hypostomus plecostomoides (Eigenmann, 1922) X X X CAS 82501 [ex lU 15043] (lost in mail in 1959) Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758) X Lasso et al. 2004 Hypostomus pyrineusi (Miranda Ribeiro, 1920) X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, lAvH-P 1717*, 1722* Hypostomus sculpodon Armbruster, 2003 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hypostomus varimaculosus (Fowler, 1945) X X ANSP 71707 Hypostomus watwata Hancock, 1828 X Lasso et al. 2004 Pterygoplichthys undecimalis (Steindachner, 1878) X X X X NMW 47224, 47220-22 Pseudorinelepis genibarbis (Valenciennes, 1840) X Galvis et al. 2007a Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps (Kner, 1854) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Pterygoplichthys lituratus (Kner, 1854) X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Hancock, 1828) X Lasso et al. 2004 Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castehiau, 1855) X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pterygoplichthys punctatus (Kner, 1854) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pterygoplichthys weberi Armbruster & Page, 2006 X X ICNMHN 13455; FMNH 96959, 101378; MSU 2736.2; USNM 177204 Squaliforma emarginata (Valenciennes, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Squaliforma squalina (Jardine, 1841) X Lasso et al. 2004 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -197 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Squaliforma tenuicauda (Steindachner, 1878) X X X MSNG 8856; NMW 42596, 44263-66, 44268), 44294; ZMUC 85 Squaliforma villarsi (Liitken, 1874) X Lasso et al. 2004 Ancistrinae Acanthicus hystrix Spix & Agassiz, 1829 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ancistrus brevifiUs Eigenmann, 1920 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ancistrus caucanus Fowler, 1943 X X X ANSP70516 Ancistrus centrolepis Regan, 1913 X X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.58, 1910.4.11.122 Ancistrus eustictus (Fowler, 1945) X X X X ANSP 71710 Ancistrus lineolatus Fowler, 1943 X X X ANSP 70517 Ancistrus gymnorlrynchus Kner, 1854 X Lasso et al. 2004 Ancistrus hoplogenys (Giinther, 1864) X Lasso et al. 2004 Ancistrus latifrons (Giinther, 1869) X Lasso et al. 2004 Ancistrus macrophthalmus (Pellegrin, 1912) X Lasso et al. 2004 Ancistrus martini Schultz, 1944 X lAvH-P 3088*, 9816* Ancistrus triradiatus Eigenmann, 1918 X X X X CAS 60164 [ex lU 13935a], 60165 [ex lU 13935b-e];?FMNH 58558 Baryancistrus beggini Lujan, Arce & Armbruster, 2009 X Lujan et al. 2003 Chaetostoma aburrensis (Posada, 1909) X X X No types known Chaetostoma alternifasciatum Fowler, 1945 X X X ANSP 71711, 71712-15 Chaetostoma anale (Fowler, 1943) X X X ANSP 70525 Chaetostoma brevilabiatum Dahl, 1942 X X X ZMUL Chaetostoma dorsale Eigenmann, 1922 X Lasso et al. 2004 Chaetostoma dupouii Fernandez-Y^pez, 1945 X lAvH-P 3369* Chaetostoma fischeri Steindachner, 1879 X X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005,2006a, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006ab, Villa-Navarro etal. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 198- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Chaetostoma lepturum Regan, 1912 X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.116-118 Chaetostoma leucomelas Eigenmann, 1918 X X X X X CAS 60167 [ex lU 13652], 60168 [ex lU 13652]; FMNH 58344 Chaetostoma marginatum Regan, 1904 X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005 Chaetostoma milesi Fowler, 1941 X X X ANSP 69330 Chaetostoma niveum Fowler, 1944 X X X ANSP 71432 Chaetostoma nudirostre Liitken, 1874 X lAvH-P 1984* Chaetostoma palmeri Regan, 1912 X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.120-121 Chaetostoma patiae Fowler, 1945 X X X ANSP71716, 71717 Chaetostoma paucispinis Regan, 1912 X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.119 Chaetostoma tachiraense Schultz, 1944 X Galvisefa/. 1997 Chaetostoma thomsoni Regan, 1904 X X X BMNH 1902.5.15.28-30 Chaetostoma sovichthys Schultz, 1944 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005 Chaetostoma vagum Fowler, 1943 X X X ANSP 70521, 70522, 70523-24 Cordylancistrus daguae (Eigenmann, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56052 [ex CM 4842], 56053-54; CAS 56745 [ex lU 12698], 74161 [ex lU 12699] Cordylancistrus platyrhynchus (Fowler, 1943) X X X ANSP 70512, 70513-15 Dekeyseria amazonica Rapp Py-Daniel, 1985 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Dekeyseria pulchra (Steindachner, 1915) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Dekeyseria scaphyrhyncha (Kner, 1854) X Lasso et al. 2004 Dolichancistrus atratoensis (Dahl, 1960) X X X ICNMHN 51, 46 (now apparently 48) Dolichancistrus camegiei (Eigenmann, 1916) X X X FMNH 58350 [ex CM 7346], 58351; CAS 77344 [ex lU 13661], 77345 [ex lU 13662] Dolichancistrus fuesslii (Steindachner, 1911) X X X NMW 48026 Dolichancistrus pediculatus (Eigenmann, 1918) X X X FMNH 58352 [ex CM 7348], 58564-65; CAS 58788 [ex lU 13663-64], 58793 [ex lU 13927], 58789 [ex lU 13928], 58794 [ex lU 12932], 58820 [ex lU 13920] Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -199 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Dolichancistrus setosus (Boulenger, 1887) X X X? BMNH 1880.2.26.9-10 Hemiancistrus annectens (Regan, 1904) X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Hemiancistrus guahiborum Wemeke, Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, 2005 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Hemiancistrus holostictus Regan, 1913 X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.57 Hemiancistrus wilsoni Eigenmann, 1918 X X X X FMNH 58550 [ex CM 7570], 58551 Hypancistrus contradens Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, 2007 X lAvH-P 5676* Hypancistrus lunaorum Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, 2007 X lAvH-P 7044* Lasiancistrus caucanus Eigenmann, 1912 X X X X FMNH 56034 [ex CM 4824], 56035; CAS 77327 [ex lU 12683] Lasiancistrus guacharote (Valenciennes, 1840) X Armbruster 2005 Lasiancistrus heteracanthus (Giinther, 1869) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Lasiancistrus schomburgkii (Giinther, 1864) X Armbruster 2005 Lasiancistrus tentaculatus Armbruster, 2005 X lAvH-P 5100-5105* Leptoancistrus cordobensis Dahl, 1964 X X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown; IMCN 233*,250* Leporacanthicus galaxias Isbriicker & Nijssen, 1989 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Panaqolus albomaculatus (Kanazawa, 1958) X Galvis et al. 2007b Panaque cochliodon (Steindachner, 1879) X X X NMW 47297-98 Panaque maccus Schaefer & Stewart, 1993 X Lasso et al. 2004 Panaque nigrolineatus (Peters, 1877) X Lasso et al. 2004 Parancistrus sp. X Galvis ef a/. 2007a Peckoltia bachi (Boulenger, 1898) X Armbruster 2008 Peckoltia braueri (Eigenmann, 1912) X Armbruster 2008 Peckoltia brevis (La Monte, 1935) X Armbruster 2008 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 200- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- pg^ Cauc Car Collections/References Peckoltia lineola Armbruster, 2008 X Armbruster 2008 Peckoltia sabaji Armbruster, 2003 X Armbruster 2008 Peckoltia vittata (Steindachner, 1881) X Armbruster 2008 Pseudacanthicus spinosus (Castelnau, 1855) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pseudancistrus Orinoco (Isbriicker, Nijssen & Cala, 1988) X X ICNMHN 1200, 1201; ZMA 119882; ZMUL 972/3482 Pseudolithoxus dumus (Armbruster & Provenzano, 2000) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Pseudolithoxus tigris (Armbruster & Provenzano, 2000) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Pseudopimelodidae Batwchoglanis acanthochiroides (Giinther, 1942) X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Batwchoglanis raninus (Valenciennes, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Batwchoglanis transmontanus (Regan, 1913) X X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.105 Batwchoglanis villosus (Eigenmann, 1912) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cephalosilurus apurensis (Mees, 1978) X Lasso et al. 2004 Cruciglanis pacifici Ortega-Lara & Lehmann, 2006 X X X IMCN 2359; lAvH-P 7505 Micwglanis iheringi Gomes, 1946 X Lasso et al. 2004 Micwglanis poecilus Eigenmann, 1912 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Micwglanis secundus Mees, 1974 X Lasso et al. 2004 Pseudopimelodus bufonius (Valenciennes, 1840) X X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2005 Pseudopimelodus schuhzi (Dahl, 1955) X X X? X X Holotype: No types known Heptapteridae Brachyrhamdia meesi Sands & Black, 1985 X Galvis et al. 2007b Cetopsorhamdia boquillae Eigenmann & Fisher, 1922 X X X FMNH 55212 [ex CM 3923], 55213 [ex CM 3924]; CAS 63607 [ex lU 15004] Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -201 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Cetopsorhamdia nasus Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916 X X X FMNH 58126 [ex CM 7124] Cetopsorhamdia molinae Miles, 1943 X X ICNMHN: whereabouts unknown, probably lost Cetopsorhamdia Orinoco Schultz, 1944 X Lasso et al. 2004 Cetopsorhamdia phantasia Stewart, 1985 X Ortega et al. 2006 Cetopsorhamdia picklei Schultz, 1944 B2c X X lAvH-P 3087*, 7969* Chasmocranus rosae Eigenmann, 1919 X X X FMNH 55140 [ex CM 3841], 55141 [?CM 3842]; CAS 75751 [ex lU 15019] Gladioglanis conquistador Lundberg, Bombusch & Mago- Leccia, 1991 X Galvis et al. 2007b Goeldiella eques (MuUer & Troschel, 1848) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Heptapterus mustelinus (Valenciennes, 1835) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Imparales panamensis Busing, 1970 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a Imparfinis microps Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916 X X X FMNH 57793 [ex CM 6776 not 8778] Imparfinis nemacheir (Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916) X X X X FMNH 58127 [ex CM 7125] Imparfinis pristos Mees & Cala, 1989 X X ICNMHN 1401, 1402; RMNH 30544 Imparfinis pseudonemacheir Mees & Cala, 1989 X Lasso et al. 2004 Imparfinis spurrellii (Regan, 1913) X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.41 Imparfinis stictonotus (Fowler, 1940) X Galvis et al. 2007b Leptorhamdia marmorata Myers, 1928 X Lasso et al. 2004 Mastiglanis asopos Bockmann, 1994 X Galvis et al. 2007b Myoglanis koepckei Chang, 1999 X Galvis et al. 2007b Nemuroglanis mariai (Schultz, 1944) X X X USNM 121251 Phenacorhamdia macarenensis Dahl, 1961 X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown, probably lost Phenacorhamdia nigroUneata Zarske 1998 X lAvH-P 10948* Pimelodella altipinnis (Steindachner, 1864) X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 202- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Pimelodella chagresi (Steindachner, 1876) X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica X et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navan-o et al. 2006 Pimelodella conquetaensis Ahl, 1925 X X X ZMB 32030 Pimelodella cristata (Miiller & Troschel, 1848) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodella eutaenia Regan, 1913 X X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.37^0 Pimelodella figuewai Dahl, 1961 X X X Holotype: Probably lost Pimelodella geryi Hoedeman, 1961 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pimelodella grisea (Regan, 1903) X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Pimelodella hasemani Eigenmann, 1917 X Ortega et al. 2006 Pimelodella linami Schultz, 1944 X Galvisefa/. 2007a Pimelodella macrocephala (Miles, 1943) X X NT X Holotype, ICNMHN whereabouts unknown, probably lost; Paratypes: MCZ 35876; USNM 120157 Pimelodella metae Eigenmann, 1917 X X X FMNH 58441 [ex CM 7441 or 7141]; 58442; CAS [ex lU 13768] Pimelodella modestus (Giinther, 1860) X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Pimelodella pallidaBahl 1961 X X X Holotype: Probably lost Pimelodella reyesi Dahl, 1964 X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown Rhamdia humilis (Giinther, 1864) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rhamdia laukidi Bleeker, 1858 X Lasso et al. 2004 Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) X X X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006a Rhamdella sp. X Galvis et al. 2007b Pimelodidae Aguarunichthys inpai Zuanon, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jegu, 1993 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bergiara westermanni (Liitken, 1874) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -203 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Brachyplatystoma capapretum Lundberg & Akama, 2005 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Lichtenstein, 1819) Aid, A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachyplatystoma juruense (Boulenger, 1898) Aid, A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachyplatystoma platynema Boulenger, 1898 Aid, A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Castelnau, 1855) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachyplatystoma tigrinum (Bristki, 1981) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (Valenciennes, 1840) Aid, A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Calophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein, 1819) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cheirocerus abuelo (Schultz, 1944) X Galvisefa/. 1997 Cheirocerus eques Eigenmann, 1917 X Ortega et al. 2006 Cheirocerus goeldii (Steindachner, 1908) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Duopalatinus peruanus Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 X Lasso et al. 2004 Hemisorubim platyrhynchus (Valenciennes, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix &Agassiz, 1829 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypophthalmus fimbriatus Kner, 1858 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypophthalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypophthalmus oremaculatus Nani & Fuster, 1947 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leiarius marmoratus (Gill, 1870) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Leiarius pictus (Miiller & Troschel, 1849) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 204- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Megalonema orixanthum Lundberg & Dahdul, 2008 X ANSP 187449 (ex ANSP 148143) Megalonema platycephalum Eigenmann, 1912 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Megalonema psammium Schultz, 1944 X Galviscra/. 1997 Megalonema xanthum Eigenmann, 1912 X FMNH 56032 [ex CM 4822]; AMNH 5340; BMNH 1920.12.20.112-113, 1924.3.3.83-84; CAS 63674-75 [ex lU 12681-82]; FMNH 10251, 10284-89, 77909, 56032-33, 69818, 95984; MCZ 30961; UMMZ 190406; USNM 76930, 79222, 167852 Perrunichthys perruno Schultz, 1944 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodina flavipinnis Steindachner, 1877 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodus albofasciatus Mees, 1974 X Lasso et al. 2004 Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 X XXX X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Pimelodus coprophagus Schultz, 1944 '^ X Mojica et al. 2002 Pimelodus garciabarrigai Dahl, 1961 ^ ^ X ICNMHN 744 (perhaps lost). Paratypes: ICNMHN410 Pimelodus grosskopfii Steindachner, 1879 X X X NMW 45781-82 Pimelodus maculatus La Cepede, 1803 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodus navarroi Schultz, 1944 X Galviscfa/. 1997 Pimelodus ornatus Kner, 1858 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodus pictus Steindachner, 1877 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pimelodus punctatus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica efa/.2004 Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -205 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Platynematichthys notatus (Jardine, 1841) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Platysilurus malarmo Schultz, 1944 B2c X Galvis era/. 1997 Platysilurus mucosus (Vaillant, 1880) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Platystomatichthys sturio (Kner, 1858) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pseudoplatystoma magdaleniatum Buitrago-Suarez X & Burr, 2007 X Aid X CAS 19165; FMNH 56278, 59234 Pseudoplatystoma metaense Buitrago-Suarez & Burr, 2007 X X ANSP 146858, 128135, 149541 Pseudoplatystoma orinocoense Buitrago-Suarez & Burr, 2007 X Buitrago-Suarez & Burr 2007 Pseudoplatystoma punctifer (Castelnau, 1855) X Buitrago-Suarez & Burr 2007 Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum (Valenciennes, 1840) Aid, A2d X Buitrago-Suarez & Burr 2007 Sorubim cuspicaudus Litmann, Burr & Nass, 2000 ^ A2d X FMNH 56223; AUM 28756; CAS 150404, 150406; FMNH 60305, 107492; INHS 35428 Sorubim elongatus Litmann, Burr, Smith &Isem, 2001 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Aid, A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Sorubim maniradii Littman, Burr & Buitrago-Suarez, 2001 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Sorubimichthys planiceps (Spix &Agassiz, 1829) A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt, 1821) Aid, A2d X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ariidae Notarius bonillai (Miles, 1945) X X X ICNMHN 9873 Doradidae Acanthodoras cataphractus (Linnaeus, 1758) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Acanthodoras spinosissimus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 206- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Agamyxis albomaculatus (Peters, 1877) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Agamyxis pectinifrons (Cope, 1870) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Amblydoras affinis (Kner, 1855) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Amblydoras bolivarensis (Fernandez-Yepez, 1968) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Amblydoras gonzalezi (Femandez-Y^pez, 1968) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b Amblydoras hancockii (Valenciennes, 1840) X IAvH-P747*, 1075*, 1181*, 2807* Amblydoras monitor (Cope, 1872) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Amblydoras nauticus (Cope, 1874) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Anadoras grypus (Cope, 1872) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Anadoras regani (Steindachner, 1908) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Anduzedoras oxyrhynchus (Valenciennes, 1821) X Lasso et al. 2004 Centrochir crocodili (Humboldt, 1821) ^ ^ X No types known, lAvH-P 7883* Centrodoras brachiatus (Cope, 1872) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Doraops zuloagai Schultz, 1944 B2c X Galvis ef a/. 1997 Doras carinatus (Linnaeus, 1766) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Doras phlyzakion Sabaj Perez & Birindelli, 2008 X Sabaj-Perez & Brindelli 2008 Doras punctatus KneT, 1853 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hassar orestis (Steindachner, 1875) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemidoras morrisi Eigenmann, 1925 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hemidoras stenopeltis (Kner, 1855) X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypodoras forficulatus Eigenmann, 1925 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leptodoras acipenserinus (Gunther, 1868) X IAvH-P257*,258* Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -207 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Leptodoras copei (Fernandez- Y^pez, 1968) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Leptodoras juruensis B oulenger, 1898 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Leptodoras linnelli Eigenmann, 1912 X Lasso et al. 2004 Leptodoras nelsoni Sabaj, 2005 X X X ANSP 180917 Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Nemadoras elongatus (Boulenger, 1898) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Nemadoras hemipeltis (Eigenmann, 1925) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Nemadoras humeralis (Kner, 1855) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Nemadoras leporhinus (Eigenmann, 1912) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Nemadoras trimaculatus (Boulenger, 1898) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Opsodoras boulengeri (Steindachner, 1915) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Opsodoras morei (Steindachner, 1881) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Opsodoras stuebelii (Steindachner, 1882) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Opsodoras temetzi Eigenmann, 1925 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Orinocodoras eigenmanni Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004 Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 1821) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Oxydoras sifontesi Femandez- Y^pez, 1968 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Physopyxis ananas Sousa & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2005 X X lAvH-P 2106*, 9259* Physopyxis lyra Cope, 1871 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Platydoras armatulus (Valenciennes, 1840) X X IAvH-P491*, 859*, 1037*, 6050-6053* Platydoras costatus (Linnaeus, 1758) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 208- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1821) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Pterodoras rivasi (Femandez- Yepez, 1950) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rhinodoras gallagheri Sabaj, Taphorn & Castillo G., 2008 X lAvH-P 3208* Rhinodoras thomersoni Thapom &Lylyestrom, 1984 B2c X Galvisefa/. 1997 Scorpiodoras heckelii (Kner, 1855) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Trachydoras microstomus (Eigenmann, 1912) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Trachydoras nattereri (Steindachner, 1881) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Trachydoras steindachneri (Perugia, 1897) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Auchenipteridae Ageneiosus atronasus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ageneiosus brevis Steindachner, 1881 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, 1766) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Ageneiosus magoi Castillo & Brull, 1989 X Lasso et al. 2004 Ageneiosus pardalis Ltitken, 1874 Aid, A2d, B2c X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a Ageneiosus piperatus (Eigenmann, 1912) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ageneiosus ucayalensis Castelnau, 1855 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ageneiosus vittatus Steindachner, 1908 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Gunther, 1864) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Auchenipterichthys punctatus (Valenciennes, 1840) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Auchenipterichthys thoracatus (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -209 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Auchenipterus ambyiacus Fowler, 1915 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Auchenipterus brachyurus (Cope, 1878) X Galvis et al. 2007b Auchenipterus nuchalis (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, lAvH-P 5724* Centromochlus altae Fowler, 1945 X X X ANSP 71700, 71701-04 Centromochlus existimatus Mees, 1974 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Centromochlus heckelii (De Filippi, 1853) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Centromochlus megalops Kner, 1858 X X X NMW 47359-60 Centromochlus reticulatus (Mees, 1974) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Centromochlus romani (Mees, 1988) X Galvis et al. 2007a Entomocorus gameroi Mago- Leccia, 1984 X Lasso et al. 2004 Epapterus dispilurus Cope, 1878 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Gelanoglanis stroudi Bohlke, 1980 X X ANSP 142937, 142938-39, 142940, 142941; FMNH 83911, 83912; MZUSP 14641 Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler, 1940 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Liosomadoras oncinus (Jardine, 1841) X Galvis et al. 2007b Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis Bohlke, 1951 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pseudepapterus hasemani (Steindachner, 1915) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Tatia aulopygia (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Tatia dunni Fowler, 1945 X X ANSP 71705, 71706 Tatia galaxias Mees, 1974 X Lasso et al. 2004, Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2008 Tatia gyrina (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) X Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2008 Tatia intermedia (Steindachner, 1877) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 210- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Tatia perugiae (Steindachner, 1882) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Tetranematichthys quadrifiUs (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, lAvH-P 9084* Tetranematichthys wallacei Vari & Ferraris 2006 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Trachelyichthys decaradiatus Mees, 1974 X Galvisefa/. 2007a Trachelyopterichthys anduzei Ferraris & Fernandez, 1987 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus (Kner, 1858) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Trachelyopterus fisheri (Eigenmann, 1916) X X X FMNH 57695 [ex CM 6667a], 57696-98; CAS 52136 [ex lU 13496], 57937 [ex lU 13495], 57938 [ex lU 13497]; USNM 76929 Trachelyopterus insignis (Steindachner, 1878) X X X X Syntypes NMW, status unknown Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Gymnotiformes Gymnotidae Electrophorus electricus (Linnaeus, 1766) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Gymnotus anguillaris Hoedeman, 1962 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Gymnotus arapaima Albert & Crampton, 2001 X lAvH-P* Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado- Ocampo & Albert, 2005 X X X lAvHP 3477, 4001 Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1758 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Gymnotus cataniapo Mago- Leccia, 1994 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Gymnotus choco Albert, Crampton & Maldonado, 2003 X X y, : X ICNMHN 6621; NRM 27734 Gymnotus coropinae Hoedeman, 1962 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003, Galvis et al. 2007a Gymnotus curupira Crampton, Thorsen & Albert, 2005 X lAvH-P* Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -211 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Gymnotus henni Albert, Crampton & Maldonado, 2003 X X X CAS 47290, 217162; FMNH 56793 Gymnotus javari Albert, Crampton & Hagedom, 2003 X Galvis et al. 2007b, Arbelaez et al. 2008 Gymnotus pedanopterus Mago- Leccia, 1994 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Gymnotus stenoleucus Mago- Leccia, 1994 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Gymnotus tigre Albert & Crampton, 2003 X X UP 25552, 128412; ICNMHN 6690 Stemopygidae Distocyclus conirostris (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Distocyclus goajira (Schultz, 1949) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Eigenmannia humboldtii (Steindachner, 1878) X X X NMW 64988, 764989 Eigenmannia macrops (Boulenger, 1897) X Lasso et al. 2004 Eigenmannia nigra Mago- Leccia, 1994 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Eigenmannia limbata (Schreiner & Miranda Ribeiro, 1903) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes, 1842) X X X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Rhabdoliclrops caviceps (Fernandez-Yepez, 1968) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 RhabdoHchops troschelli (Kaup, 1856) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stemopygus aequilabiatus (Humboldt, 1805) X X X No types known Sternopygus astrabea Mago- Leccia, 1994 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Stemopygus dariensis Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stemopygus pejeraton Schultz, 1949 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Rhamphichthyidae Gymnorhamphichthys hypostomus ElUs, 1912 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 212- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni (Miranda Ribeiro, 1920) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Rhamphichthys drepanium Triques, 1999 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Rhamphichthys marmoratus Castelnau, 1855 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Rhamphichthys rostratus (Linnaeus, 1776) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Hypopomidae Brachyhypopomus beebi (Schultz, 1944) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Brachyhypopomus brevirostris (Steindachner, 1868) X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Brachyhypopomus occidentalis (Regan, 1914) X X X BMNH 1914.5.18.94-98 Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus (Hopkins, 1991) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Hypopomus artedi (Kaup, 1856) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Hypopygus lepturus Hoedeman, 1962 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Hypopygus neblinae Mago- Leccia, 1994 X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003, Galvis et al. 2007a Microsternarchus bilimatus Fernandez-Yepez, 1968 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Steatogenys duidae (La Monte, 1929) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003, Galvis et al. 2007a Steatogenys elegans (Steindachner, 1880) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stegostenopos cryptogenes Triques, 1997 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotidae Adontosternarchus balaneops (Cope, 1878) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Adontosternarchus clarkae Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & Baskin, 1985 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Adontosternarchus devenanzii Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & Baskin, 1985 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotus albifrons (Linnaeus, 1766) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotus apurensis Fernandez-Ydpez, 1968 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -213 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Apteronotus bonapartii (Castelnau, 1855) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apterontous cuchillejo (Schultz, 1949) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotus cuchilllo Schultz, 1949 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotus eschmeyeri de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, Severi & Mendes, 2003 X X X X CAS 72115; FMNH 56775-76; lAVH-P 3304; ICNMHN 6741; IMCN 2000; USNM 120473 Apteronotus galvisi de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo & Crampton 2007 X X X IAvH-P8133, 8129, 8130-8132, 8167 Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler, 1944) X X X ANSP 71435 Apteronotus leptorhynchus (Ellis, 1912) X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotus macrostomus (Fowler, 1943) X X X ANSP 70528 Apteronotus macrolepis (Steindachner, 1881) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apteronotus magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) X X - X Holotype: Probably lost; BMNH 1947.7.1.138; USNM 123795 Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann & Fisher, 1914) X X X FMNH 56774 [ex CM 5594]; CAS 62345 [ex lU13375] Apteronotus milesi de Santana & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005 X X X lAVHP 3996; CAS 72249 [ex lU 13379], 72250 [ex lU 13379]); lAVH-P 3997; ICMN 2500; ICNMNH 3155; FMNH 56775, 56776, 56777, 56778 Apteronotus rostratus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Apteronotus spurrelUi (Regan, 1914) X X X BMNH 1914.5.18.90-93 Compsaraia compsa (Mago- Leccia, 1994) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Parapteronotus hasemam (Ellis, 1913) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Platyurosternarchus macrostomus (Giinther, 1870) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stemarchella schotti (Steindachner, 1868) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stemarchella sima Starks, 1913 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Sternarchorhamphus muelleri (Steindachner, 1882) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Sternarchogiton nattereri (Steindachner, 1868) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 214- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Mag- pg^ Cauc Car Collections/References Stemarchorhynchus curvirostris (Boulenger, 1887) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003, Galvisefa/. 2007b Stemarchorhynchus mormyrus (Steindachner, 1868) X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stemarchorhynchus oxyrhynchus (Miiller & Troschel, 1849) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Stemarchorhynchus roseni Mago-Leccia, 1994 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003 Batrachoidiformes Batrachoididae Daector gerringi (Rendahl, 1941) X X X NRM 10651 Daector quadrizonatus (Eigenmami, 1922) X X X X FMNH [ex CM 3921] (missing) Thalassophryne amazonica Steindachner, 1876 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae Austrofundulus guajira Hrbek, Taphom & Thomerson 2005 X Hrbek ?r a/. 2005 Austrofundulus myersi Dahl, 1958 X X X SU 49513, 49513, 68324; DZVU [ex SU 49513] Rachovia brevis (Regan, 1912) X X X BMNH 1908.5.14.8 Rachovia hummelincki Beaufort, 1940 X Taphom & Thomerson 1978 Rachovia maculipinnis (Radda, 1964) X Taphorn & Thomerson 1978 Rivulus altivelis Huber, 1992 X X X NRM 16548, 14687 Rivulus atratus Garman, 1895 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rivulus boehlkei Huber & Pels, 1985 X X X ANSP 139467, 139467 Rivulus corpulentus Thomerson &Taphorn, 1993 X X X SU [not CAS] 69692, 53693 Rivulus elegans Steindachner, 1880 X X X X X X NMW 60544:1, 60544:2-3,18893-6 Rivulus elongatus Fles & de Rham, 1981 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rivulus leucurus Fowler, 1944 X X X ANSP 71436, 71437-50 Rivulus limoncochae Hoedeman, 1962 X X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvisefa/. 2007a Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -215 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Rivulus magdalenae Eigenmann &Henn, 1916 X X X FMNH 56997 [ex CM 5813], FMNH 56998-99, 57000-02; CAS 44227 [ex CM 5814a-m; lU 13603], 52234 [ex lU 13606], 52235 [ex lU 13605], 78377 [ex lU 13606] Rivulus pacificus Huber, 1992 X X X X NRM 16551, 14683; BMNH 1910.7.11.211-216, 1913.10.1.69-78; CAS 76354 [ex lU 13602], 76356 [ex lU 13601] Rivulus ophiomimus Huber, 1992 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rivulus ornatus Garman, 1895 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Rivulus rubrolineatus Pels & de Rham, 1981 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Rivulus taeniatus Fowler, 1945 X X X ANSP 71720,71721 Rivulus tessellatus Huber, 1992 X X X ANSP 139468, 168979 Rivulus urophthalmus Giinther, 1866 X Ortega et al. 2006 Poeciliidae Fluviphylax obscurus Costa, 1996 X Lasso et al. 2004 Fluviphylax pygmaeus (Myers & Carvalho, 1955) X Lucinda 2003 Gambusia lemaitrei Fowler, 1950 X X X ANSP 71938, 71939-40 Neoheterandria elegana Henn, 1916 X X X FMNH 57007 [ex CM 5823], 57008 [ex CM 5824a-g]; AMNH 22705sw [ex FMNH 57008], 36481 [ex lU 13612]; CAS 22768 [ex lU 13612]; UMMZ 65232 [ex lU 13612] Poecilia caucana (Steindachner, 1880) X X X NMW 81128 Poecilia cuneata Garman, 1895 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al. 2004 Poecilia mechthildae Meyer, Etzel & Bork, 2002 X X X MTDF 26473-26476; SMF 28889 Poecilia orri Fowler, 1943 X Lucinda 2003 Poeciliopsis turrubarensis (Meek, 1912) X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Priapichthys caliensis (Eigenmann & Henn, 1916) X X X X FMNH 57721 [ex CM 6700a], FMNH [ex CM 6700b] Priapichthys chocoensis Henn, 1916 X X X CAS 22547 [ex lU 13618], 22560 [ex lU 13619]; FMNH 57009; UMMZ 65223 [ex lU13619] Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 216- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Cauc Pac Car Collections/References Priapichthys nigroventralis (Eigenmann & Henn, 1912) X X X X FMNH 56045; BMNH 1913.10.1.68 Pseudopoecilia austwcolumbiana Radda, 1987 X X X FMNH 56045 [ex CM 4835], 54046; BMNH 1924.3.3.85-86; CAS 22765 [ex lU 12689]; USNM 79205 Pseudopoecilia fria (Eigenmann & Henn, 1914) X Mqjica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Beloniformes Belonidae Belonion apodion CoUette, 1966 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Belonion dibranchodon Collette, 1966 X X X AMNH 20808; MNHN B-2529; USNM 199463 Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Jardine, 1843) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Potamorrhaphis petersi Collette, 1974 X X USNM 210546, 210547, 210861; AMNH 9619; CAS 27587; MBUCV-V-6132; MNHN 1887-0655-0656 Pseudotylosurus microps (Gunther, 1866) X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab Synbranchiformes Synbranchidae Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 X X X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota- X Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006ab, Ortega et al. 2006 Perciformes Sciaenidae Pachypops fourcroi (LacepSde, 1802) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pachypops trifilis (Miiller & Troschel, 1849) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pachyurus gabrielensis Casatti, 2001 X D^vH-P4761* Pachyurus junki Scares & Casatti, 2000 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Pachyurus schomburgkii Gunther, 1860 X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -217 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Plagioscion magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) ^ A2d X X Syntypes NMW, status unknown Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Polycentridae Monocirrhus polyacanthus Heckel, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Cichlidae Acarichthys heckelii (Miiller & Troschel, 1849) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Acaronia vultuosa KuUander, 1989 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Aequidens biseriatus (Regan, 1913) ^ X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.80-88 Aequidens coeruleopunctatus (Kner & Steindachner, 1863) X Mojica et al. 2004 Aequidens diadema (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Aequidens latifrons (Steindachner, 1878) X X X NMW Holotype catalogue number unknown Aequidens metae Eigenmann, 1922 X X X CAS 66884 [ex lU 13967], 66983 [ex lU 13967] Aequidens pallidus (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Aequidens potaroensis Eigenmann, 1912 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Aequidens pulcher (GiW, 1858) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica X et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006 Aequidens sapayensis (Regan, 1903) X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Apistogramma agassizi (Steindachner, 1875) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 218- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Apistogramma alacrina KuUander, 2004 X X X X UF 33670, 128785, 33687, 33717; CAS 50638; ICN-MNHN 6735; NRM 27040, 33375, 36102 Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin, 1936 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman, 1951 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma commbrae (Regan, 1906) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma cruzi KuUander, 1986 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Apistogramma diplotaenia KuUander, 1987 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma eunotus KuUander, 1987 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma geisleri Meinken, 1971 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma hongsloi KuUander, 1979 X X X NRM 11234, 11235-39 Apistogramma inconspicua KuUander, 1983 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma iniridae KuUander, 1979 X X X X NRM 11224, 11225-30; IRSNB 15.223 Apistogramma macmasteri KuUander, 1979 X X X NRM 11240, 11241-44; AMNH 22733; FMNH 55218 [ex CM 3930] Apistogramma ortmanni (Eigenmann, 1912) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma pertensis (Haseman, 1911) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma regani KuUander, 1980 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apistogramma uaupesi KuUander, 1980 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007b Apistogramma viejita KuUander, 1979 X X X NRM 11231, 11232 Apistogrammoides pucallpaensis MeiDksn, 1965 X Kulander 2003 Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -219 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Biotodoma wavrini (Gosse, 1963) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Biotecus dicentrarchus KuUander, 1989 ICNMHN 1400; FMNH 85650, 105089; NRM 16662, 37078 Bujurquina huallagae KuUander, 1986 X Ortega et al. 2006 Bujurquina mariae (Eigenmann, 1922) ^ ^ X X CAS 34711 [ex lU 15011], 34712 [ex lU 150111,66888 [ex lU 13794]; BMNH 1910.12.20.172 Bujurquina moriorum KuUander, 1986 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Bujurquina ortegai KuUander, 1986 X Ortega et al. 2006 Bujurquina peregrinabunda KuUander, 1986 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bujurquina syspilus (Cope, 1872) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Bujurquina vittata (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Caquetaia kraussii (Steindachner, 1879) X J( MSNG 13010 [ex NMW]; NMW 24543- : X 53, 75391; SMNS 2596; ZMUC 86; ZMUO J2756, J2757 Caquetaia myersi (Schultz, 1944) X USNM 120533, 120534 Caquetaia umbrifera (Meek & HUdebrand, 1913) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a, X Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a, ViUa-Navarro et al. 2006 Chaetobranchus fla vescens Heckel, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Chaetobranchus semifasciatus Steindachner, 1875 X lAvH-P 5662* Cichla intermedia Machado- AUison, 1971 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz, 1831 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Cichla orinocensis Humboldt, 1821 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 220- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo ef a/. 2006b Cichlasoma amazonarum KuUander, 1983 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Cichlasoma atromaculatum Regan, 1912 X X BMNH 1910.7.11.83-88 Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus, 1758) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Cichlasoma gephyrum Eigenmann, 1922 X FMNH 58614 [ex CM 7639], 58615 [ex CM 7639]; CAS 66956 [ex lU 14171] Cichlasoma microlepis Daiil, 1960 ^ ^ X ICNMHN 95, 95a Cichlasoma orinocense KuUander, 1983 X ANSP 127364, 127364, 127397; FMNH 84008; ?NRM 39282 Cichlasoma ornatum Regan, 1905 X Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b Cichlasoma taenia (Bennett, 1831) X Lasso et al. 2004 Crenicara punctulatum (Gunther, 1863) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Crenicichla alta Eiegenmann, 1912 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Crenicichla anthurus Cope, 1872 X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab Crenicichla geayi Pellegrin, 1903 X Lasso et al. 2004 Crenicichla Johanna Heckel, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Crenicichla lenticulata Heckel, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Crenicichla lugubris Heckel, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Crenicichla cf. macrophthalma Heckel, 1840 X Lasso et al. 2004 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -221 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Crenicichla proteus Cope, 1872 X Ortega et al. 2006 Crenicichla reticulata. (Heckel, 1840) X Lasso et al. 2004 Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Crenicichla strigata Giinther, 1862 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Crenicichla sveni Ploeg, 1991 X X RMNH 31622, 31623; ZMA 120388 Crenicichla vittata Heckel, 1840 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Crenicichla wallacii Regan, 1905 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b Dicrossus filamentosus (Ladiges, 1958) X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Dicrossus gladicauda Schindler & Staeck, 2008 X X X MTDF 31312, 33313-18 Dicrossus maculatus Steindachner, 1875 X Galvis et al. 2007a Geophagus abalios Ldpez- Fernandez & Taphom, 2004 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Geophagus crassilabris Steindachner, 1876 X Mojica et al. 2004 Geophagus dicrozoster Ldpez- Fernandez & Taphom, 2004 Geophagus megasema Heckel, 1840 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Geophagus pellegrini Regan, 1912 X X X BMNH 1910.4.11.89, 1910.7 [or 4].11.90;MNHN 1912-0061 [ex BMNH] Geophagus steindachneri Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1910 X X X NMW 23289-90 Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch, 1791) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Geophagus taeniopareius KuUander & Royero, 1992 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Geophagus winemilleri Lopez- Fernandez & Taphom, 2004 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Heroina isonycterina KuUander, 1996 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 222- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^^' Pac Car Collections/References Cauc Hews efasciatus Heckel, 1840 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Hews severus Heckel, 1840 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Hoplarchus psittacus (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo ef a/. 2006b Hypselacara coryphaenoides (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Hypselecara temporalis (Gunther, 1862) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega ef a/. 2006 Laetacara flavilabris (Cope, 1870) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Laetacara thayeri (Steindachner, 1875) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Mesonauta egregius KuUander & Silvergrip, 1991 X ICNMNH 1686 [ex NRM 43043]; FMNH 92863; NRM 11302, 12280 Mesonauta festivus (Heckel, 1840) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Mesonauta insignis (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Mesonauta mirificus Kullander & Silvergrip, 1991 X Mojica etal. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (Haseman, 1911) X Galvis et al. 2007b Mikmgeophagus ramirezi (Myers & Harry, 1948) X Lasso et al. 2004 Ptewphyllum ahum Pellegrin, 1903 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b Ptewphyllum leopoldi (Gose, 1963) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Ptewphyllum scalare (Schultze, 1823) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Satanoperca acuticeps (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Satanoperca daemon (Heckel, 1840) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840) X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -223 Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori ^^S- Pac Cauc Car Collections/References Satanoperca leucosticta (Miiller &Troschel, 1849) X Lasso et al. 2004 Satanoperca mapiritensis (Fernandez-Yepez, 1950) X Lasso et al. 2004 Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin, 1904 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel, 1840 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Eleotridae Microphilypnus amazonicus Myers, 1927 X X Lasso et al. 2004, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Microphilypnus ternetzi Myers, 1927 X Galvis et al. 2007a Pleuronectiformes Achiridae Achiropsis nattereri Steindachner, 1876 X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, 1758) X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Achirus novoa Cervigdn, 1982 X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo etal. 2006b Apionichthys dumerili Kaup, 1858 X Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006 Apionichthys menezesi Ramos, 2003 X Lasso et al. 2004 Apionichthys sauli Ramos, 2003 X X X ANSP 176081, 163851-53,163854, 163855-56; MZUSP 52055; UFPB 3596 Hypoclinemus mentalis (Gunther, 1862) X X Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006 Tetraodontiformes Tetraodontidae Colomesus asellus (Miiller & Troschel 1849) X Acero & Polanco 2006, Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al. 2006 Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 224- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Discussion Diversity and composition As noted above, research has documented the presence of a total of 1435 species of fishes from the freshwaters of Colombia. Many of the newly described species originated in ichthyologically relatively poorly sampled regions of Colombia. Most prominent among these are the fishes of the Amazonian reaches of the country and to a lesser extent the more thoroughly sampled and studied fishes of the Rio Orinoco basin. Notwithstanding more than two centuries of research on the fishes of the trans-Andean drainages, those river systems also continue to yield new species. Often unappreciated is the fact that many, indeed perhaps the majority, of Neotropical freshwater species described in recent decades were long represented, albeit unidentified or misidentified in the collections of museums, universities, and research centers. Amply exemplifying this problem are a series of freshwater fish species from Colombia described in this millennium (e.g., Apteronotus eschmeyeri de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, Severi & Mendes, 2004; Apteronotus milesi de Santana & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2005; Cetopsis fimhriata Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005; Creagrutus calai, Vari & Harold 2001; Cruciglanis pacifici, Ortega-Lara & Lehmann 2006; Gymnotus choco and G. henni Albert, Crampton & Maldonado, 2003; Megalonema orixanthum Lundberg & Dahdul 2008; Pseudohunocephalus lundhergi Friel 2008; Pseudoplaystoma magdaleniatum, P. metaense and P. orinocoense Buitrago-Suarez & Burr 2007). Dozens of other Colombian freshwater fish species as-of-yet unknown to science undoubtedly await discovery in the collections of museums and universities around the world. Andean portions of Peru and Chile). Nonetheless, the fact that over one-quarter of all Neotropical freshwater fishes occur in Colombia is remarkable when one considers the size of the landmass of that country relative to the total area of Central and South America. Particularly telling is the number of Colombian species considered within the context of the freshwater ichthyofaunas of adjoining regions (Table 3), more so when evaluated in terms of relative geographic areas. An obvious candidate for this comparison is Brazil, a country that borders Colombia, has to a large degree comparably broad ranges of continental aquatic habitats, and which had its freshwater fish fauna recently summarized. A recent compendium of the freshwater fishes of Brazil (Buckup et al. 2007) recognized approximately 2600 species in that country. Although the number of continental fish species known from Brazil (2600 species) is circa 1.9 times the number of species detailed in this study for Colombia (1435 species), the land expanse of Brazil is eight times larger than that of Colombia. Thus, on a per square kilometer basis, the freshwater fish fauna of Colombia is on the order of 4.3 times more speciose than that of Brazil. One must not read too much into this ratio in light of the numerous uncertainties involving the number of freshwater species resident in South America and the often-demonstrated major gaps in our knowledge of their actual geographic distributions. Nonetheless, this comparison highlights the species richness of the continental Colombian fish fauna even within the context of the South American freshwater fish ichthyofauna; the richest of any continent. Beyond the sheer number of species within Colombia relative to its Leaving aside for the present the possibly numerous fish species that remain undiscovered and/or undescribed from Colombianfreshwaters,itisnoteworthythatthe 1435 species known from such habitats represent approximately 5% of the circa 28,400 valid species of fishes estimated to occur worldwide in both freshwater and marine environments (Nelson 2006). In and of itself, this percentage is striking, but the totality of Colombian freshwater fishes is all the more impressive when considered within the context of the diversity of fish species known to inhabit the streams, rivers, wetlands, and lakes across the breadth of Central and South America. Inhabiting those numerous drainage systems are somewhat less than 5000 recognized species (Reis etal. 2003; Species of Fishes). Therefore, the drainage systems of Colombia are home to approximately 29% of the fishes living in all the freshwater systems between the southern border of Mexico and the southern most portions of Argentina and Chile. Many areas within that broad realm are admittedly less hospitable for freshwater fishes than are most regions in Colombia (e.g., deserts of the trans- Table 3. Diversity of fishes of selected South American countries. Country # Species Source Brazil 2587 Buckup et al. 2007 Colombia 1435 This work Venezuela* 1198 Lasso et al. 2004c Peru*** 1000 Ortega & Hidalgo 2008 Ecuador 706 Barriga 1991 Uruguay** 670 Nion et al. 2002 Bolivia 635 Ibisch & Merida 2003 Argentina 438 Lopez & Miqularena 2005 Chile 44 Habit et al. 2006 ^Include some euiyhaline and marine forms. ** Include marine forms. *** Include exotic species Biota Colomhiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -225 size, the diversity of major groups of fishes that contribute to that fauna is impressive, with these ranging from chondrichthyans to tetraodontiforms. Endemic species The designations of endemic species in the present work (311 species), run the gamut of degrees of certainty. In some instances, we confidently consider these species as true endemics for Colombia based on recent comprehensive species-level analyses. Species that we can identify with certainty as limited to Colombia differ dramatically in the extent of their distributions within that country. At one extreme, we have forms with broad distributions through several rivers to the west of the Andean Cordilleras (e.g., Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879, in the Rios Atrato, Cauca, Magdalena, and Sinii). Yet other likely endemics occur in restricted portions of some of major river basins (e.g., Callichthys fahricioi Roman-Valencia, Lehmann&Muiioz, 1999, GenycharaxtarponEigenmann, 1912, Parodon ca/i'eniw Boulenger, 1895, and Apteronotus magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) within the Rio Magdalena basin; Spatuloricara atratoensis Schultz, 1944, in the Rio Atrato; Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman, 1966, in the Rio Caqueta; and Apistoloricaria listrorhinos Nijssen & Isbriicker, 1988, in the Rio Meta). The last three of these species have not been collected since their original descriptions (Mojica et al. 2002). Finally, there are a number of Colombian endemic fish species with known distributions restricted to small rivers such as the Rio Jurubida of the Pacific versant [e.g., Apteronotus juruhidae and Cetopsis juruhidae (Fowler, 1944)]. More problematic, when it comes to the question of actual within country endemicity, are species now known solely from Colombia, but that dwell in drainage basins that extend into the territory of other countries. Most significant in that regard are the Rio Orinoco and Rio Amazonas systems and the Lago Maracaibo basin. The ichthyofaunas in those major systems are far from well known; a generality that particularly applies to the Orinoco and Amazon basins, most notably the latter. Many often speciose genera in these basins are still poorly resolved taxonomically at the species level and with species distributions inadequately demarcated. In these instances, there is a distinct possibility that a species now known only from the Colombian portions of one of those basins actually has a distribution extending into Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela or some combination of those countries (Amazon basin) or into Venezuela (Rio Orinoco or Lago Maracaibo basins). Similarly, it is also possible that species now reported only from far northwestern Colombia (Rio Atrato basin), might extend into Panama or beyond. Such trans-border distributions occur in some freshwater species analyzed in recent years (e.g., Ctenolucius beani, Vari, 1995: fig. 26). In a comparable fashion, species that inhabit the coastal rivers of the Pacific slope of southwestern Colombia such as the Rio Patia and Rio Mira basins and sometimes more northerly basins will occasionally also occur in the drainages of Esmeraldas Province of northwestem Ecuador (e.g., Pseudochalceus longianalis, Gery, 1972; Pseudocurimata lineopunctata, Vari, 1989: fig. 26). Thus, when using the Checklist it is critical to keep in mind that citations of a species as being restricted to the freshwater systems of Colombia are often at best a tentative hypothesis based on the present incomplete knowledge of the freshwater fishes in the countries of northwestem South America. A prime example of the scale of the uncertainty is the recently reported occurrence of the very distinctive genus Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 1837 in the Orinoco basin (Bogota-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006b). Collecting efforts are necessary in the Rio Tomo and adjoining regions in order to confirm the presence of this species in the Orinoco basin. At the same time, the literature is replete with erroneous citations of species from a country or region based on misidentifications or unfamiliarity with recent revisionary publications. Type localities The preponderance of type locations within the trans- Andean regions of the country reflects the historical emphasis on exploration for fishes in that region, with that focus extending back to the colonial period (Humboldt 1805a,b). A likely primary factor accounting for this geographic focus was the greater accessibility to that portion of the country to ichthyological collectors during that era. This tendency to focus on the fishes of the rivers of the trans-Andean region continued past independence as evidenced by the Steindachner's publications (1878, 1880) on fishes of the Rio Magdalena and Rio Cauca basins. Eigenmann's collecting expeditions and the publications resulting from the fishes that he collected (1912, 1913, 1914a, 1914b, 1914c, 1917a,b, 1920a, 1920b, 1921, 1924) similarly largely focused on the regions west of the Cordillera Occidental. As would be expected from its geomorphological complexity, the trans-Andean regions has a proportionally high number of discrete river systems that are home to a high percentage of endemic species; a factor that further increases the number of species known from the westem drainages. Type localities for a number of species are inexact or in some instances incorrect, an issue that complicates the determination of species ranges. Resolution of the identity of various species is further complicated by type series that are in poor condition or in some instances unknown. The problem of lost type series of Colombian fishes is particularly prevalent among the species described by Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 226- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Dahl and Miles. As discussed by Cala (1981) and apparent from the information in the Checklist, many type series of species described by those authors remain missing notwithstanding attempts to locate that material by Cala and other Colombian ichthyologists. It seems unlikely that these series are still extant other than for paratypes of some of Mile's species that he deposited in North American collections. Resolution of many systematic problems involving the affected nominal freshwater species, thus, necessitates the collection of new, preferably topotypic, samples in order that those nominal species can be thoroughly redescribed. Why so many species? Many factors contribute to the relative richness of the Colombian fish fauna, with a few of likely major importance. Paramount among these is the large number of independent drainage systems that fall, at least in part, within the boundaries of the country. Not only does Colombia include within its borders the Rio Magdalena, by far the largest river system of trans-Andean South America, but it also encompasses significant portions of several major cis-Andean drainage basins. Particularly prominent is the Amazon basin, with the mainstream Rio Amazonas forming the boundary of the far southern reaches of Colombia. Equally important in terms of the contributions of that basin to the overall national fish fauna is the fact that the remaining Amazonian portions of Colombia encompass headwaters of both the western tributaries of the main Amazon River (Rio Putumayo, Rio Caqueta and its tributary Rio Apaporis) and the Rio Negro, the major northern tributary of the Amazon. The Rio Putumayo and Rio Caqueta differ to varying extents in the composition of their fish faunas from the Rio Negro and its tributaries the Rio Vaupes and Rio Guainia and to degrees from the ichthyofauna of the mainstream Amazon. Thus, each of these river systems (Rios Caqueta, Negro, and Putumayo) contributes many unique species to the totality of the Colombian freshwater fish fauna. The more northerly portions of the eastern reaches of Colombia also include a major portion of the species rich Rio Orinoco basin. The expanses of the Rio Orinoco system include a diversity of habitat types and the basin has a complex geological history including a broad connection with the Rio Amazonas system until the Miocene (Hoom 1994; Hoorn etal. 1995). The tectonically driven separation of the Orinoco and Amazon presumably set the stage for the subsequent evolution of the significant differences in the composition of the ichthyofaunas in those basins. Although the species rich Rio Orinoco is connected to the south-flowing Rio Negro of the Amazon basin via the Rio Casiquiare, the gradient in water types within the mainstream of the Rio Casiquiare serves as a semi-filter to ichthyofaunal exchange between the Orinoco and Amazon basins (Winemiller et al. 2008) with consequent differences in those faunas. As in apparent from Figure 1, the Colombian portions of the Rio Orinoco include a complex of large river systems (Rios Guaviare, Inirida, Meta, Arauca, Tomo, Tuparro). Some of these drain lower elevation regions of the Orinoco basin (e.g., Rio Tomo) whereas others extend to the Andes (e.g., Rio Guaviare). In a preliminary study. Lasso et al. (2004b) delimited 18 biogeographic regions within the Orinoco basin based on differences in the composition of the fish fauna. Of that total, nine regions fall within the Colombian portion of the Orinoco basin. The underlying differences in the ichthyofauna across that region in combination with geographical gradients, complex hydrology, and history contribute to the significant degree of species- level endemicity in the Orinoco basin. That river system is consequently a major contributor to the total number of species in the Colombian ichthyofauna (Lasso et al. 2004a; Galvis et al. 2007a). The final and smallest of the cis-Andean Colombian river systems is the Rio Catatumbo that lies within the southwestern portion of the Lago Maracaibo basin. The fishes in the river systems of the Lago Maracaibo basin are all specifically distinct for those groups of fishes recently comprehensively revised. Notwithstanding its relatively small size, the Rio Catatumbo, thus, contributes a number of species to the Colombian fish fauna. The trans-Andean region of Colombia had a particularly complex geological history (Hoom et al. 1995). Tectonic events associated with the uplift of the Andean Cordilleras produced multiple now isolated trans-Andean river systems, albeit with differing levels of possible interconnectedness in the past. In size, these drainages range from the northern-flowing Rio Magdalena, the largest drainage in trans-Andean South America, through intermediate sized rivers such as to Rio Atrato, to the numerous smaller rivers and streams that drain the Pacific and Caribbean versants of Colombia. Superimposed on the topographic changes in Colombia and adjoining regions were major shifts in climatic conditions through time (Baker et al. 2001). Shifts in climate resulted, in turn, in episodic expansions and contractions of habitat suitable for the different groups of fishes within the then extant drainage basins (Fernandez & Schaefer 2005; Smith & Bermingham 2005). The synergy of these large-scale geomorphological and climatic factors set the stage for the evolution of the numerous species of fishes now that are endemic to varying geographic scales within the drainage basins of Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -227 Further contributing to the species-level richness of the continental Colombian fish fauna is the diversity of water types in the drainages of the country. Underlying soil types varying in acidity, dissolved solids, and available nutrients result in often dramatically different water chemistries both between and within river basins. Major drainage system types include white water streams and rivers carrying significant suspended sediment loads eroded from the slopes of the Andes and piedmont uplands, various clear water drainages, and acidic blackwater rivers that course through and drain lowland rain forests. Many fish species are specialized physiologically and anatomically for life in particular water types; an association reflected in their geographic distributions. This results in major shifts in the composition of fish faunas at both the species and generic levels between rivers of different water types. Pronounced ranges in the relative fish biomass often parallel the differences in water types. These phenomena of varying community composition and relative biomass occur to differing degrees across the spectrum from major river systems (e.g., the black water Rio Negro, Goulding et al. 1988) to much more limited drainage scales, sometimes with variation even within smaller river basins (Arbelaez era/. 2008). Soil types not only affect water chemistry and levels of suspended solids, but directly influence the form of the riparian vegetation (e.g., rainforest versus savanna) bordering water bodies; variation that, in turn, has consequences for the ichthyofauna. Alternative types of vegetation along margins of watercourses result in different degrees of shading, a factor affecting the presence versus absence of some species of fishes. Differing forms of riparian vegetation also determine the type and levels of allochthonous animal and plant items input into water bodies. Many species of fishes are specialized to exploit particular types of animals and plant matter that falls into streams and water bodies, with alternative food items leading to differences in fish community composition. Similarly, variation in the type of plants bordering a water body results in differences in substrates and subaquatic habitat complexity (leaves and woody detritus of differing scales; varying degrees of submerged parts of terrestrial plants along water margins) utilized by different species of fishes. Those allochthonous factors further contribute to differences in the composition of fish communities. The range in topographic relief within Colombia results in pronounced differences in water conditions beyond water chemistry and is yet another factor contributing to the speciose nature of the freshwater ichthyofauna of the country. Numerous of the species of freshwater fishes in that fauna are specialized for the lentic water conditions common in the rivers, cienagas (ponds and swamps), and wetlands barely above sea level along the lower reaches of the streams and rivers draining the Caribbean and Pacific slopes of the country. Similar lentic systems are common in the llanos (floodplains) of the Rio Orinoco basin and in Amazonian lowlands. Yet other species are adapted for life in the more rapidly flowing mid-elevation rivers and streams of the piedmonts of the Andean Cordilleras and isolated uplands such as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranias de La Macarena and Chiribiquete. At the other extreme are dozens of species with the morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations prerequisite for dwelling in the swift-flowing Andean rivers and streams in the westem, central, and eastern Cordilleras (Maldonado- Ocampo et al. 2005) and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Differences in stream structure often correlate with elevational gradients and further influence the distribution of many species. The sum of the differences in velocity, water temperature, and primary productivity across the drainage systems of Colombia result in fish communities that differ not only in species-level richness and composition, but also in overall fish biomass. Future Directions Neotropical ichthyology is a dynamic research field with the pace of formal descriptions of new species of freshwater fishes accelerating (over 80 new species described during 2007; Catalog of Fishes). Some of the new species described in recent years originated from locations within Colombia. In many other instances, the samples of the new nominal forms originated from portions of the Rio Orinoco, Rio Amazonas, and Lago Maracaibo basins variably proximate to the borders of Colombia. The distribution of many of these species likely extends into Colombia notwithstanding the present lack of records from that country. Arriving at a definitive listing of the species of fishes inhabiting Colombian freshwaters is a long-term endeavor necessitating progress along two primary fronts. Attaining that goal first requires a thorough sampling of all continental aquatic systems in Colombia. Various freshwater systems in Colombia, particularly in the vast cis-Andean region remain inadequately collected ichthyologically. Nonetheless, we must not lose sight of the fact that even river systems that have been long the foci of ichthyological sampling continue to yield new species of fishes. Equally, or more, critical for arriving at an approximation of the species-level diversity are comprehensive revisionary studies encompassing all genera and families living in Colombian and indeed Neotropical freshwaters (Vari & Malabarba 1998). Recent comprehensive species-level analyses have demonstrated that forms previously believed to have broad geographic distributions in Colombia and adjoining countries are in many instances instead multi-species complexes (e.g.. Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 228- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. the multiple species in what was previously recognized as Creagrutus heni Vari & Harold 2001: 78). Revisionary studies on that scale furthermore often reveal that long recognized species sometimes dramatically underestimate the actual number of species present in agenus. One example involves the 67 now recognized species of Creagrutus; a number three and one-half times the 19 species recognized in the genus prior to 1994 (Harold & Vari 1994; Vari & Harold 2001; Vari & Lima 2003; Ribeiro et al. 2004; Torres-Mejia & Vari 2005). Comprehensive revisions are also invaluable in furthering the identification of additional previously unrecognized species by subsequent researchers (Reis 2004); a phenomenon illustrated for Colombia by Creagrutus (Torres-Mejia & Vari 2005). Conservation challenges Any compendium of the ichthyofauana of any major region in the Neotropics will at present underestimate the actual species-level diversity. The degree to which the count of freshwater fish species in this Checklist falls short of the actual total is impossible to estimate given the dramatically speciose nature of the fish fauna, most of which has yet- to-be critically analyzed. Compounding the problem are the major regions of the country and specialized habitats (e.g., deep river channels) that remain unexplored ichthyologically to varying degrees. Notwithstanding those limitations, the evidence at hand demonstrates that many of the fish species reported from the rivers, streams, wetlands, and lakes of Colombia are threatened to varying degrees, a pervasive problem for freshwater ichthyofaunas world-wide (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005; Revenga et al. 2005). Indeed, the evidence documents that freshwater fishes are the most threatened group of vertebrates across the world (Dudgeon et al. 2005; Chapman et al. 2008). Deleterious anthropogenic activities impacting the Colombian freshwater ichthyofauna include overfishing for human consumption and the aquarium trade, introductions of exotic species, movement of native species between separate drainage systems, pollution from diverse sources, impoundments, mining activities either directly in river channels or causing increased siltation, diversion of water for agricultural, domestic, and industrial purposes, deforestation with consequent changes in annual flow pattems and water quality within drainage basins, and numerous other smaller scale impacts. Incomplete data hampers our efforts to estimate the true scale of these anthropogenic impacts at both local and national scales. Nonetheless, available information indicates that some Colombian fish species have gone extinct (Rhizosomichthys totae, Mojica et al. 2002; Trichomycterus venulosus, Prada-Pedreros et al. 2006; Notarius honillai, Acero & Betancur 2006) and that many are threatened (Mojica et al. 2002). Many threatened species had historically limited geographic ranges and likely smaller populations, factors that increased their vulnerability to habitat modification, fisheries, and other deleterious human activities. Alternatively, anthropogenic activities adversely affected other endangered species notwithstanding their originally extensive populations and relatively broad distributional ranges (see Mojica et al. 2002). An understanding of the diversity of the freshwater ichthyofauna of Colombia is crucial so that scientists, policy makers, resources managers, and members of the public can better evaluate the impact of man's activities on the freshwater fishes within the country. Although still incomplete, this Checklist provides as a baseline for continuing studies of Colombian inland fishes. Future research will result in additions to, and refinements of, our knowledge of that species-level diversity of that fauna, major components of which remain poorly understood or in many instances unknown. This listing will also provide the foundation for additional studies of all aspects of the ecology, life history, conservation, and sustainable use of the freshwater ichthyofauna of Colombia. Acknowledgments The Alexander von Humboldt Institute funded research associated with the project during the last four years (JAM). The Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology supported this project at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (RPV). WWF Switzerland and WWF Colombia financed several investigations that provided information for this project within the framework of the project "Conservation and sustainable management of the freshwater biodiversity in Amazon - Orinoco transitional zone" (JSU). JAM is grateful to CNPq-TWAS Postgraduate Fellowships program for support during this project. We are indebted to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Leidy Johanna Cuadros and Cesar Freddy Suarez from the SIG of WWF Colombia developed the map. Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008 Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -229 Literature Cited Abell R., M. L. Thieme, C. Revenga, M. Bryer, M. Kotte- lat, N. Bogutskaya, B- Coad, N. Mandrak, S. Con- treras Balderas, W. Bussing, M. L. L. Stiassny, R Skelton, G. R. Allen, R Unmack, A. Naseka, R. Ng, N. Sindorf, J. Robertson, E. Armijo, J. V. Hi- ggins, T. J. Heibel, E. Wikramanayake, D. Olson, H. L. Lopez, R. E. Reis, J. V. Lundberg, M. H. 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