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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221WASHINGTON, D.C.1961

Type Specimens of BirdsIn the United StatesNational Museum
By HERBERT G. DEIGNANAssociate Curator of BirdsUnited States National Museum
Publications of the United States National MuseumThe scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series.Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National MuseumBulletin.In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the col-lections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the fields ofAnthropology, Biology, Geology, History, and Technology. Copies of each publicationare distributed to Hbraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and othersinterested in the different subjects.The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form,of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publicationdate of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume.In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separatepublications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes inwhich are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto insize, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902 papers relating to thebotanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series underthe heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.This work forms number 221 of the Bulletin series. Remington Kellogg,Director, United States National Museum.
United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1961
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 0?BceWashington 25, D.C. Price $2.75
Contents PageIntroduction viiOrders
I. Tinamiforraes: Tinamous 3II. Sphenisciformes : Penguins 5III. Podicipediformes : Grebes 6IV. Procellariiformes: Albatrosses, Shearwaters, Petrels .... 8V. Pelecaniformes : Tropic-birds, Pelicans, Frigate-birds .... 16VI. Ciconiiformes: Herons, Storks, Ibises 24VII. Anseriformes: Ducks, Geese, Swans 32Viil. Falconiformes: Hawks, Falcons 38IX. Galliformes: Megapodes, Curassows, Pheasants, Hoatzins . . 54X. Gruiformes : Cranes, Rails, and Allies 72XI. Charadriiformes : Shore-birds, Gulls, Auks 81XII. Columbiformes: Sand-grouses, Pigeons, Doves 101XIII. Psittaciformes : Lories, Parrots, Macaws 124XIV. Cuculiformes : Plantain-eaters, Cuckoos 131XV. Strigiformes : Owls 138XVI. Caprimulgiformes : Oil-birds, Goatsuckers 159XVII. Apodiformes: Swifts, Hummingbirds 167XVIII. Coliiformes: Colies 189XIX. Trogoniformes : Trogons 189XX. Coraciiformes: Kingfishers, Bee-eaters, Rollers, Hornbills . . 191XXI. Piciformes: Jacamars, Barbets, Toucans, Woodpeckers . . . 203XXII. Passeriformes : Perching Birds 232Index 669ERRATAOn p. 52, line 9 from bottom, for Falcosparverius read Falco sparveriusOn p. 53, line 12 from boltom, for cinnanioniniis read ciinmmominusOn p. 61, line 1, for Pediocfetes Kennicolli Sucklcy readPediocaeles Keiinicotti SuckleyOn p. 210, line 9 from bottom, for Calaptes read ColaptesOn p. 222, line 14, for Petersbourg read St. PetersbourgOn p. 283, line 5, for Auk 60 read Auk 64On p. 409, line 8, for Musicapa read MuscicapaOn p. 412, line 27, for masculatus read macidatusOn p. 463, line 4 from bottom, for Musicicopula read MuscicapulaOn p. 691, Index, for Idiospar read IdiopsarOn p. 696, Index, for melanocleucos read melanoleucos

IntroductionMy study of the types of birds preserved in the national collection,initiated in 194-5, was terminated in the spring of 1960. It will be readilyappreciated that so protracted a task, dealing with birds of all the world,may have produced certain inadvertent inconsistencies of treatment, forwhich I offer no apology.My understanding of what constitutes a type or cotype is precisely thatof the late Outrara Bangs (Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, vol. 70, p. 149, 1930)
:
"When an author specifies a certain individual as his type or has one speci-men from which he describes, then there is a holotype, or as it is calledhere, following the usual custom of ornithologists, a type. On the otherhand, when an author describes from several specimens, and does not himselfdesignate any one as his type, all of the original specimens from the typelocality are of equal importance, and all are cotypes. No one of suchspecimens can afterwards be selected by someone else, and called the type(as has frequently been done by Ridgway in Birds of North and MiddleAmerica) . Some authors have followed the very bad practice of designatinga male and a female type, in which case both must be listed as cotypes."Stability of nomenclature is often attained by choice of a lectotype from amultiple series; this is especially true when the original material has beendemonstrated to be composite in nature. I have not, however, grantedrecognition to a lectotype except in cases in which some reviser has shownits necessity and has, so far as it has been possible, again brought togetherall the first describer's material and has selected that one of the originalseries that (1) best agrees with the description and (2) preferably comesfrom a locality which, in the light of modem knowledge of range, will bestserve the cause of stability. If one of von Tschudi's equivalent cotypesis in Neuchatel, a second in London, and a third in Washington, the factthat such an authority as Hartert has stated that the type is in Neuchateldoes not stultify the claims of the cotypical specimens in London and Wash-ington, sent away from Neuchatel at a time when the importance of types ingeneral was barely, or not at all, understood. If, however, someone were toshow that the three supposed cotypes represent two distinct forms and wereto restrict the use of von Tschudi's name to the one exemplified by theWashington specimen, the London cotype, exactly like it, is no less a cotypefor the now restricted name; if, moreover, the Washington bird shouldbecome lost to science, the one in London must then represent the onlypossible type. vn
Vm INTRODUCTIONTo enable future workers, at need, to reconstruct original series, I have,whenever possible, named the current resting places of skins that have leftour collection and, by indicating those that have wholly dropped fromsight, may yet succeed in bringing them again to light.In view of the foregoing remarks, I need not say that neotypes have, inmy eyes, no actual existence. Nor will one find, in the pages to follow, anyexample of what might be called a pseudotype, that is to say, a holotypespecimen arbitrarily declared to represent a species other than its own(for which a precedent has recently been set in the case of an African duck)
.
The treatment followed by me may here be summarized: I list first thename given at the original description, exactly as published, even when mis-spelled, followed immediately by the bibliographic reference; then, if theoriginal name is now considered a mere synonym of another, or has beenplaced in a genus other than the one used by the author, or has been degradedfrom a binomial to a trinomial (or elevated from a trinomial to a binomial),I so indicate, with citation of author (s) and place (s) of publication respon-sible for the changes accepted; third, I list the type or cotypes still to befound in Washington, with whatever data are known about them and, whendata were erroneously transcribed by the original author, so indicating andmaking corrections; finally, there may be a commentary on specimens nowmissing from the series and frequently also a discussion of the history of thename and of the original specimens.It would have been presumptuous in me to have attempted subjectively toallocate to modem genera and species so many hundreds of bird namesfrom every continent, and I have, whenever possible, drawn upon the writ-ings of modern revisers to indicate the names currently employed; occasion-ally, one author is cited to justify the use of a given generic name, whileanother is cited for the specific name, the use of a trinomial, etc. In certaincases, I have personally disagreed with the treatments accorded by others,in other cases I have found no modern criticism at all, and then have mademy own decisions, indicated by "Deignan (MS.) ."Whether the decision is my own or that of one or more of my colleagues,it is possible that injustices have been done to some names that have herebeen reduced to synonymy ; I can only plead that each name has been viewedby me with all the objectivity of which I have been capable and suggest thatsooner or later, with increasing knowledge, such errors will be automaticallyrectified. Names very recently published and not yet commented upon inprint have been assumed to be valid. Whenever an author has been himselfresponsible for synonymizing his own name, I have so accredited him.Certain authors will be disappointed to find that some major work of theirson a given species or genus has not been cited as authority for my treatment.I can only say that this does not indicate that I disparage the validity of theirwork, but rather that it appeared after I had completed the pertinent portionof my studies, and, finding no discrepancy between the new work and the
INTRODUCTION IX
older one cited, I have left my manuscript unaltered. This will explainalso the fact that The American Ornithologists' Union's "Check-list of NorthAmerican Birds" is often cited from the fourth edition (1931) and its Sup-plements that have appeared in "The Auk," rather than from the fifth edition(1957).Birds named by ornithologists of the modern period have rarely requiredspecial research, beyond, on occasion, tracing the identity of some obscuretype locality or correction of erroneous published data. This has, however,seldom been true of those named during the nineteenth century, when stand-ards had not yet been firmly established. Information on many of thespecimens acquired through the early exploration of unmapped westernNorth America has been obtainable only by laborious examination of gov-ernment documents, biographies, diaries and journals, primitive maps andcharts (sometimes compiled by dead reckoning), study of archival materialsin the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress, comparisons ofhandwritings, correspondence with colleagues in museums at home andabroad, and other techniques of historical research. I have had the advan-tage of access to numerous unpublished notes of the late Charles W. Rich-mond, who first in the Division of Birds understood the importance ofisolating the type specimens from the general collection and who recordedmuseum tradition derived through Robert Ridgway from Spencer FullertonBaird.While the national collection of birds came into existence in 1850, whenBaird arrived in Washington and deposited his private collection to becomethe nucleus of what would grow into one of the world's great collections,many of the specimens recorded in the pages to follow are of earlier datethan 1850. The oldest of our types is that of Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm,the Common Crow of the northeastern United States, which, given a namein 1822, was obviously collected earlier. The invaluable material from thefamous United States Exploring Expedition was collected in the years1838-1842, but only much later transferred into the national collection.Similarly, the types of birds named by John James Audubon, John KirkTownsend, and others of their group were collected prior to the foundationof the national museum, eventually to reach us as part of Baird's initialdonation.Among the many types of particular historic interest now preserved inWashington are, possibly, the last surviving of those collected by JohnRichardson and his companions during Sir John Franklin's second land voy-age (1826-1827) across northwestern Canada; the majority of those namedby Titian Ramsay Peale, ornithologist of the United States ExploringExpedition; the mysterious "sixteen new species" from "Texas," named byJacob Post Giraud, Jr., in the rare privately issued folio of 1841 (seeMuscicapa texensis Giraud) ; and most of those that resulted from the gov-
X INTRODUCTION
ernmental surveys and explorations of the "Great West" during the firstthree quarters of the nineteenth century.Two of our types possess a peculiar interest in being unique of their kind.These are Tringa cooperi Baird, a sandpiper taken on the coast of LongIsland on May 24, 1833, and Emberiza Townsendii Audubon, a buntingcollected in Chester County, Pennsylvania, on May 11, 1833. Neither bird(either or each may represent a mutation, a hybrid of uncertain parentage,or the last of its dying race) has ever been seen again and, were the speci-mens not now extant, each would be considered a chimerical species.To all those, too numerous to name, who have assisted me in my researches,and to my wife, Stella Leche Deignan, who has assisted me in the tedioustask of reading the proofs, I now extend my thanks.
Type Specimens of Birdsin the United States National Museum

Order TINAMIFORMES: TinamousFamily TINAMIDAE: TinamousGenus TINAMUS LathamTinamus guttatus "Natterer" von PelzelnVerh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 1126, 1128, 1863.=Tinamus guttatus von Pelzeln. See Hellmayr, Nov. Zool. 14: 409, 1907.35004. Adult male. Para (Belem), State of Para, Brazil. December
"1835." Collected by Johann Natterer. Original number 890. Re-ceived from the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.Von Pelzeln's description was based upon a series of seven adults andone immature from various localities in Brazil and Venezuela. There isan adult male from Para in the British Museum, acquired as part of theSalvin-Godman collection; all other cotypes are presumably still in Vienna.According to von Pelzeln (Zur Ornithologie Brasiliens, pp. xix-xx, 1871),Natterer was in Para only from September 11, 1834, to September 15, 1835.Since Natterer's field notes mention only November and December speci-ments from this locality, it is clear that 1835 on the original label must beconsidered a lapsus calami for 1834.Genus NOTHOCERCUS BonaparteTinamus frantzii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 140, April 1868.
=Nothocercus bonapartei frantzii (Lawrence). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 25, 1942.51285. Adult female. Cervantes, Province of Cartage, Costa Rica. April15, 1867. Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon. Original number 304.Nothocercus bonapartei discrepans FriedmannCaldasia 4 (20) : 472, September 1, 1947.372295. Adult female. Melgar (elev. 430 meters) , Department of Tolima,Colombia. 1926. Collected by Brother Niceforo Maria. Originalnumber 43.Genus CRYPTURELLUS Brabourne and ChubbCrypturellus saltuarius WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washmgton 63: 171, December 29, 1950.372312. Adult male. Ayacucho (elev. 500 feet), 25 km. east of LaGloria, Department of Magdalena, Colombia. June 9, 1943. Collectedby Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 4245.Cryplurus inornatus NelsonAuk 17 (3): 253, July 1900. 3
4 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Crypturellus cinnamomeus mexicanus (Salvadori). See Friedmann,Griscora, and Moore, Distributional checklist of the birds of Mexico1 : 10, footnote 1, 1950.158434. Adult male. Metlaltoyuca, State of Puebla, Mexico. February14, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 5086.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Crypturus sallaei goldmani NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 169, September 25, 1901.
=Crypturellus cinnamomeus goldmani (Nelson). See Friedmann, Gris-com, and Moore, Distributional checklist of the birds of Mexico 1: 11,1950.167715. Adult male. Chichen Itza, State of Yucatan, Mexico. February1, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7545. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Cryplurellus noctivagus cursitans Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 1, May 21, 1956-
. Adult male. San Luis (elev. 530 meters), near Burgua, Stateof Tachira, Venezuela. November 23, 1952. Collected by RamonUrbano. Deposited by W. H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collectionit is No. 58544.
. ? ,,,.-,Tinamus erythropiis "Natterer" von PelzelnVerb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 13: 1127, 1129, 1863.
=Crypturellus noctivagus erythropus (von Pelzeln). See Hellmayr andConover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 61, 1942.35005. Adult male. Barra do Rio Negro=:vicinity of Manaos, State ofAmazonas, Brazil. November 12, 1832. Collected by Johann Natterer.Original number 903. Received from the Naturhistorisches Museum,Vienna.Von Pelzeln's description was based upon a series of 13 birds fromseveral localities. There is an adult male from the Barra do Rio Negro inthe British Museum, acquired as part of the Salvin-Godman Collection; allother cotypes are presumably still in Vienna.Genus RHYNCHOTUS von SpixRhynchotus arcanus WetmoreJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 11(18) : 434, November 4, 1921.
=Rhynchotus rufescens pallescens Kothe. See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 83, 1942.21061. Adult male. Parana, Province of Entre Rios, Argentina. March1860. Collected by Christopher D. Wood? Original number 50.Second U.S. Survey of the Rio Parana (1859-1860).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 5Genus NOTHURA Waglernothura maculosa savannarum WetmoreJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 11: 435, November 4, 1921.=Nothura maculosa maculosa (Temminck) . See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 104, 1942.283655. Adult female. San Vicente, Department of Rocha, Uruguay.January 27, 1921. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Originalnumber 5827. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus EUDROMIA Geofrroy St.-HilaireCalopezus elegans albidus WetmoreJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 11:437, November 4, 1921.=Eudromia elegans albida (Wetmore). See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 111, 1942.71061. Adult (sex not indicated). Province of San Juan, Argentina.This is one of five specimens, representing four species, labeled andentered in the register by Ridgway on May 21, 1877, with no data otherthan "Ad." and "San Juan, Buenos Ayres." For four of them, "6/635" isgiven in the register as the original number.Order SPHENISCIFORMES: PenguinsFamily SPHENISCIDAE: PenguinsGenus PYGOSCELIS WaglerAptenodytes longicauda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 261, "pi. lxx, fig. 2,"1848.
=Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron and Jacquinot). See Cassin, U.S. Ex-ploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 352, 1858 (where erro-neously called Aptenodytes longicaudata)
.
15667. Adult (sex not indicated) . "In the vicinity of ice in the Antarcticregions, south of the sixtieth degree of latitude." Original number696. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15668. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15667.Peale made definite reference to but one specimen: In his paragraph onmeasurements he discussed a male, collected by Silas Holmes (assistantsurgeon of the Brig Porpoise during its cruise toward the South Pole) atlat. 60?40' S., long. 103? 04' E. Cassin stated, however, that there were
"numerous" specimens in the collection of the Expedition and in his manu-script list indicated that there were, in fact, three before him.There is no reason to believe that Peale's description of plumage is notcomposite; the three specimens extant must then all be considered cotypes.
6 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221The bird no lon-er in Washington (USNM 15671) is now No. 75684 in thecollection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.Genus MEGADYPTES Milne-EdwardsAptenodytes flavilarvata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 260, "pi. LXX, fig. 1,"1848.
=Megadyptes antipodes (Hombron and Jacquinot). See Cassin, U.S.Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 351, 1858.15655. Adult male. Auckland Islands, Southern Ocean. Collected bySilas Holmes. Original number 695. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Peale stated that a pair were collected and gave measurements for one ofeach sex. Cassin, however, indicated in his manuscript list that he had butone, and Richmond was able to find only one entry for the species in themuseum register. Tlie female must then long since have disappeared with-out trace. Order PODICIPEDIFORMES: GrebesFamily PODICIPEDIDAE: GrebesGenus PODICEPS LathamPodiceps Californicus HeermannProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 179 (not earlier than October31), 1854.=Podiceps caspicus californicus (Heermann). See A.O.U. checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 5, p. 6, 1957.9942. Immature (sex not indicated). San Pedro, Los Angeles County,California. Ca. 1853. Collected by Adolphus L. Heermann. PacificRailroad Survey, California Line.Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 22, 1899) asserts that theholotype of this form is A.N.S. No. 30072. A full discussion of the historyand stronger claim to typeship of the specimen here listed will be foundin Grinnell's study of the type localities of California birds (Univ. CaliforniaPubl.Zool. 38:260, 1932).[Podiceps] cooperi Lawrence, in Baird, Cassin, and LawrenceRep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 893, 1858.=Podiceps grisegena holbdllii (Reinhardt), fide Deignan (Ms.).4499 bis. Immature male. Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Washington.March 15, 1854 or 1855. Collected by James G. Cooper. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 74500 bis. Immature female. Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Washing-ton. March 15, 1854 or 1855. Collected by James G. Cooper. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.Genus AECHMOPHORUS CouesPodiceps occidentalis Lawrencein Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: liv,894, 1858.=Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1 : 40, 1931.9925. Adult male. Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington. April21, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number 320. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.9926. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. October 10, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Originalnumber 583. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th ParalleL9928. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. October 8, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Originalnumber 580. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.Lawrence wrote of "six specimens in the collection," but in fact listedseven. No. 9927 was sent long ago to the University of Michigan; the otherthree cotypes, Nos. 4497 bis (not 4497), 4498 bis, and 9544, have vanishedfrom the museum without trace.Podiceps clarkii Lawrencein Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: liv,895, 1858.=Aechwophorus occidentalis (Lawrence) . See GrinneU, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 261, 1932.4498. Immature (sex not indicated) . San Pablo Bay, "probably withinSolano County" {fide Grinnell, loc. cit.), California. November 1855.Collected by John S. Newberry. Pacific Railroad Survey, CaliforniaLine.9930. Adult female. Laguna de Santa Maria, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on March 24, 1858. Collected byJohn H. Clark. Original number 30. Pacific Railroad Survey, Cali-fornia Line.9931. Immature male. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, California.Entered into the museum register on March 24, 1858. Collected byAdolphus L. Heermann. Pacific Railroad Survey, California Line.This form was described from the three cotypes listed above. Grinnell{loc. cit.), following a manuscript decision of Richmond's, has designatedNo. 4498 as lectotype and accordingly fixed as type locality "San Pablo Bay,probably within Solano County, and not far from Vallejo." It is true thatan unidentified hand has long since written "Type specimen" on the label500936?61 2
8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
of No. 4498; on the other hand, Baird himself has written "Type of sp. &fig. pi. 100" on the label of No. 9930 and confirmed this by writing "9930 2 .Chihuahua" on pi. 100 of the National Museum's copy of the 1860 edition.In short, if there is to be a lectotype at all, it must be No. 9930, selectedby Baird as the only adult of the series and the only specimen collected byits namesake. Grinnell's argument that "the measurements given in thedescription above on the same page . . . are tliose given in the table forthis specimen" is no proof that the description was based upon the samespecimen or even upon any single specimen; see Lawrence {torn, cit., p. 894),who gives a composite description of Podiceps occidentalis, followed by
"the dimensions of the largest one, as they were taken from the specimenwhile fresh."Order PROCELLARIIFORMES: Albatrosses, Shear-waters, PetrelsFamily DIOMEDEIDAE: AlbatrossesGenus DIOMEDEA LinnaeusD[iomedea]. leptorhyncha CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 178 (not earlier than May 29),1866.
=Diom.edea leptorhyncha Coues346315. No data.This is part of a recent skull without mandible, and with the maxilla longi-tudinally bisected; at some time it has been broken into four parts, whichhave been glued together.The species was provisionally erected on "a skull of an Albatross, wantingthe lower jaw." Many years ago No. 346315 was set aside by Richmond asthe "probable type," but it was not entered into the register of the Divisionof Birds until early in 1942. Comparison of the specimen with Coues'sdiagnosis indicates that it may properly be considered the holotype.The skull was held by Coues in general features to stand nearest Diomedeaalbatrus Pallas. It seems without question to belong to a form of the genusDiomedea, but has never been found to match any specimen of the knownrecent species.There is a bare chance that this is the example of D\iomedea^. culminata?Gould recorded by James G. Cooper in these words: "I believe a skull ofone of these has been found on the beach near this city [San Francisco] butcannot verify the fact" (Proc. California Acad. Sci. 4: 12, 1868).Another possible clew to the skull's history may be contributed by theminutes of the stated meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of May21, 1844, in which is reported the donation of "the head and beak of aProcellaria. From Mr. Samuel Grant, Jr., through Dr. Carson" (Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 64, 1844).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 9Genus PHOEBETRIA ReichenbachDiomedea fiisca AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4: pi. 407, 1838.Phoebetria palpebrata auduboiii Nichols and MurphyAuk 31 (4) : 531, September 30, 1914.
=Phoebetria palpebrata huttoni Mathews. See Mathews and Hallstrom,Notes on the order Procellariiformes, p. 30, 1943.2718. Adult (sex not indicated). "Near the mouth of the ColumbiaRiver" {fide Audubon, Ornithological biography 5: 116, 1839)=prob-ably the central or southern Pacific Ocean {see Stone, Auk 47: 414,1930; A.O.U., Checklist of North American birds, ed. 4, p. 366, 1931).Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, whoacquired it from John J. Audubon.Phoebetria palpebrata auduboni Nichols and Murphy is a new name forDiomedea fusca Audubon 1838 (not Hilsenberg 1822), Vv^ith the same typespecimen.Family PROCELLARIIDAE: Shearwaters, FulmarsGenus FULMARUS StephensFulmarus Rodgersii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 326 (not earlier than June 24),1862.=Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii Cassin. See Peters, Checklist of birds oftheworld 1:47, 1931.21304. Adult in light phase (sex not indicated). Northern Pacific Ocean(not South Indian Ocean). 1855 or 1856. Collected by WilliamStimpson? U.S. North Pacific Surveying and Exploring Expedition(1853-1856).The oldest label (not original) has "Locality?," but Cassin himself in1861 entered the locality into the museum register as "North Pacific."Procellaria pacifica AudubonOrnithological biography 5: 321 [=331], 1839.Fulmarus glacialis glupischa StejnegerAuk 1 (3) : 234, July 1884.=Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii Cassin. See Stejneger, loc. cit.; A.O.U.,Checklist of North American birds, ed. 4, p. 12 (footnote 2), 1931.2750. Adult in light phase (sex not indicated). [Near the mouth of theColumbia River] ? Collected by John K. Townsend. Received fromSpencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.2751. Adult in dark phase (sex not indicated). [Near the mouth of theColumbia River] ? Collected by John K. Townsend. Received fromSpencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J, Audubon.Audubon had but two cotypes, which he mistakenly believed to representthe adult and the immature.
10 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Fulmarus glacialis glupisclia Stejneger is a new name for Procellariapacifica Audubon 1839 (not Gmelin 1788), with the same type specimens.Genus PRIOCELLA Hombron and JacquinotProcellaria tenuirostris AudubonOrnithological biography 5:333, 1839.
=Priocella antarctica (Stephens). See Stone, Auk 47:414, 1930;A.O.U., Checklist of North American birds, ed. 4, p. 367, 1931.2032. Adult (sex not indicated). "Within a day's sail from the mouthof the Columbia River" {fide Audubon, loc. ci7.)=probably thesouthern Pacific Ocean {see Stone, Auk 47: 414, 1930). Collected byJohn K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired itfrom John J. Audubon.Genus PUFFINUS BrissonPuffinus creatopus "Cooper (mss.) " CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 131 (not earlier than April 25),1864.
=Puffinus creatopus Coues. See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world1:54,1931.31964. Adult (sex not indicated). San Nicolas Island, Ventura County,California. July 1, 1863. Collected by James G. Cooper. Originalnumber 1080. Received from the Geological Survey of California.Puffinus knudseni StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 93, Nov. 8, 1888.
=Puffinus pacificus chlororhynchus Lesson. See Murphy, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1512: 17, 1951.113445. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. Entered into the museum register on May 9, 1888. Col-lected by Valdemar Knudsen.All data for this bird are derived from Stejneger's entry in the register.The original label, part of a sheet of lined tablet paper, bears simply theHawaiian name "U-a-u Kane."Nectric amaurosoma CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 124 (not earlier than April 25),1864.
=Puffinus griseus (Gmelin). See Coues, Key to North American birds,ed. 5, 2: 1038, 1903.47214. Adult (sex not indicated). Cape San Lucas, State of Baja Cali-fornia, Mexico. August 18, 1860. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 5513.Xantus identified this bird in his field catalog as "Larus Heermannii,juvenis" and wrote "Landed half starved and half dead by the gale."Puffinus (Nectris) uativitatis StreetsU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 7: 29, July 5, 1877.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 11
=Puffinus nativitatis Streets. See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world1:57,1931.67318. Adult (sex not indicated). Christmas Island (lat. 1?57' N.,long. 157? 27' W.), Oceania. January 1874. Collected by Thomas H.Streets. U.S. North Pacific Surveying Expedition (1873-1875).Puffinus opisthomelas CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 139 (not earlier than April 25),1864.16990. Adult female. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.July 20, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1355.16991. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.July 20, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1354.
"Both were landed by a heavy gale?on the beach. They were alive yet,but very nearly dead" (Xantus MS.)
.
Nos. 16990 and 16991 were entered into the museum register on February20, 1860. On June 6, 1867, Baird first entered the hoiotypes of NectrisamauTosoma and Halocyptena microsoma as Nos. 47214 and 47216, respec-tively, and began to reenter No. 16990 as No. 47215, until, noting his mis-take, he crossed out what he had written. After No. 47215 he wrote theword "Type," which appears also in his hand on the label. Both specimenshave, however, equal standing as cotypes.Puffinus auricularis C. H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 133, September 9, 1890.117540. Adult female. Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. March 4, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Puffinus Iherminieri loyemilleri WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72(6) : 19, April 22, 1959.468691. Adult male. Tiger Rock, Tiger Cays, off Cape Valiente, ValientePeninsula, Province of Bocas del Toro, Panama. February 25, 1958.Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number 22182.Puffinus subalaris "Townsend, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 19: 650, March 15, 1897.
=Puffinus Iherminieri subalaris Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworldl:59, 193L117472. Adult male. Dairymple Rock, off Chatham Island, GalapagosIslands, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. April 6, 1888. Collectedby Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus PTERODROMA BonaparteProcellaria rostrata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 296, "pi. LXXXii,"1848.
=PterodroTna rostrata rostrata (Peale) . See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 1:62, 1931.
12 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22115705. Adult male. Tahiti Island (at elev. 6,000 feet) , Society Islands,Oceania. Collected by James D. Dana. Original number 753. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842). .Procellaria parvirostris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 298, "pi. LXXXiii,"1848.
=Pterodro?na alba (Gmelin). See Loomis, Auk 37: 88, 1920.15704. Adult male. Near Honden Island=near Pukapuka Island (lat.14?56' S., long. 138?48' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. August 20,1839. Original number 752. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Procellaria gularis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 299, "pi. LXXXIV,"1848.
=Pterodroma inexpectata (J. R. Forster). See Loomis, Proc. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. (4) 2:105,1918.15706. Adult male. "Latitude 68? S., longitude 95? W. of Greenwich."March 21, 1839. Original number 754. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).CEstrelata fisheri RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 656, May 9, 1883 {nomen nudum) ; and 5: 657,June 30, 1883 (diagnosis)
.
==Pterodroma inexpectata (J. R. Forster). See Loomis, Proc. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. (4) 2:106,1918.89431. Adult male. Saint Paul, Kodiak Island, Alaska. June 11, 1882.Collected by William J. Fisher. Original number 54.The oldest label, a piece of cardboard, gives the type locality as SaintPaul, but this specimen and one other of the same shipment were enteredinto the museum register as from Shelikof Strait. It should be noted thatall data on this label seem to be in Ridgway's handwriting.CEstrelata kidderi CouesForest and Stream 5: 20, August 19, 1875; U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 2, p. 28,Dec. 7, 1875.=Pterodroma ("Lugensa") lugens (Kuhl). See Mathews and Hallstrom,Notes on the order Procellariiformes, p. 9, 1943.68970. Adult male. Kerguelen Island, Southern Ocean. October 22(not 21), 1874. Collected by Jerome H. Kidder. Original number 39.American Translt-of-Venus Expedition (1874-1875).This "n. sp." is really no more than a new name for Proclellaria].grisea "L." Kuhl 1820 (not Gmelin 1789)
.
flE[streIata]. sandwichensis Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birds of North America 2 (Mem.Mus. Comp. Zool. 13) : 395 (not earlier than July) 1884.
=Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis (Ridgway). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 1: 65, 1931.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 1361259. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island {fide Stejneger, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 10:75-77, 1887), Hawaiian Islands, Oceania. En-tered into the museum register in January 1872. Collected byValderaar Knudsen.Procellaria brevipes PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 294, "pi. LXXX,"1848.
=^Pterodroma leucoptera brevipes (Peale). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 65, 1931.15459, Adult (sex not indicated). Lat 68? S., long. 95? W. March 21,1839. Original number 750. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15520. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15459.Loomis (Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4) 2: 93, 1918) has referred to No.15459 as "the type," but in fact the two specimens here listed have equalstatus as cotypes. Genus PAGODROMA BonaparteProcellaria Candida "Peale, MS." PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 295, "pi. LXXXi,"1848 (in synonymy of Procellaria nivea)
.
Pagodroma nivea pealei MathewsBull. Brit. Orn. Club 49: 19, October 30, 1928.=Pagodroma nivea (J. R. Forster). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 1:67, 1931.15528. Adult (sex not indicated) . "At latitude 64? S., and about 104?W. of Greenwich." Original number 751. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).15536. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15528.Peale stated that "a number of specimens were preserved"; Cassin's MS.list indicates that there were in fact four. No. 15524 was sent to the BostonSociety of Natural History about 1863 and is now No. 75658 of the Museumof Comparative Zoology; No. 15532 is no longer in the National Museumand may have been given away, although no record of such a transactionhas been preserved.Pagodroma nivea pealei Mathews is a new name for Procellaria CandidaPeale, which, at its first appearance, was treated as an absolute synonym ofProcellaria nivea J. R. Forster 1777, based upon a specimen taken at lat.52? S., long. 20? E. Genus BULWERIA BonaparteProcellaria columbina Barker-Webb, Berthelot, and Moquin-TandonHist. Nat. des lies Canaries 2 (2) Zool. (Orn.) : pi. 4, fig. 2, July 1838.=Bulweria hulwerii (Jardine and Selby). See Bannerman, Ibis (10) 2:488-489, 1914.
14 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22132519. Adult (sex not indicated). Canary Islands, eastern AtlanticOcean off northwestern Africa. Entered into the museum register onMarch 9, 1864. Collected by (or for) Philip Barker-Webb. Receivedfrom the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.The original label for this specimen has disappeared without trace; themodern label has data transcribed from the register in Riley's hand.The number of cotypes is not now known. One in the British Museum,with identical data, was acquired from Edward Wilson, brother of ThomasB. Wilson, patron of the Academy of Natural Sciences; it is therefore prob-able that our specimen reached the Academy through the same agency. Noexample from the Canaries is now to be found there.The name ProceUaria columbina appears on plate 4 of livraison 31, whichwas published in July 1838; the name Puffinus columhinus is used in thetext on page 44 of livraison 63, which did not come out imtil May 1842.Family HYDROBATIDAE: Storm PetrelsGenus OCEANITES Keyserling and BlasiusThalassidroma gracilis ElliotIbis (1) 1:391, October 1859.
=Oceanites gracilis gracilis (Elliot). See Murphy, Oceanic birds ofSouth America 2: 757, 1936.370444. Adult male. Chile.The specimen bears the green label of the Maison Verreaux; on tlie label'sobverse side are the words "Thalassidroma Gracilis./D. G. Elliot.-/Chili5 .," while on the reverse side appear the numbers "(4096) 33923."This is traditionally Elliot's type; it has been in the collection for manyyears, although it was not entered into the museum register until January7, 1942. It is of course improbable that the bird's true history can ever nowbe known. Genus FREGETTA BonaparteThalassidroma lineata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 293, "pi. lxxix," 1848.
=Fregetta {"Pealea") lineata (Peale). See Mathews and Hallstrom,Notes on the order Procellariiformes, p. 17, 1943.15713. Adult male. Upolu Island, Samoan Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 747. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Genus OCEANODROMA ReichenbachCymochorea cryptoleucura RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 337, Apr. 6, 1882.=Oceanodroma castro cryptoleucura (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 1 : 73, 1931.41949. Adult (sex not indicated). Waimea, Kauai Island, HawaiianIslands, Oceania. Collected by Valdemar Knudsen.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 1541950. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 41949.Neither skin carries an original label. The label of No. 41949 has the datain Ridgway's hand; that of 41950 has it in Stejneger's hand and on thereverse side the word "Type" written by Ridgway. Reference to the originaldescription shows that the two have equal standing as cotypes.Oceanodroma townsendi RidgwayProc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 16: 687, November 24, 1893.=Oceanodroma melania melania (Bonaparte) . See Salvin, Catalogue ofthe birds in the British Museum 25 : 354, 1896.13025. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.June 1, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 672.Oceanodroma socorroensis C. H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 134, September 9, 1890.=Oceanodroma monorhis socorroensis C. H. Townsend. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 1 : 74, 1931.117497. Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. March 8, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Alfred W. Anthony, in a holograph letter to Charles W. Richmond (May25, 1937) wrote: "Townsend's specimens were taken at sea, if Iremember . . ."Cymochorea homochroa CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 77 (not earlier than March 29),1864.=Oceanodroma homochroa (Coues). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubLZool. 38:262, 1932.21444. Adult (sex not indicated). Farallon Islands, San FranciscoCounty, California. Entered into the museum register on February 28,1861. Collected by (or for) Ferdinand Gruber.This specimen was entered into the register as from "S. Francisco,"probably because of the association of that place with Gruber; the Farallones,however, are mentioned both on the label and at the original description.Thalassidroma plumbea "Peale, MS." PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 292, "pi. LXXVIII,"1843 (in synonymy of Thalassidroma fareata) .Oceanodroma furcata plumbea Grinnell and TestCondor 41 (4) : 170, July 1939.=Oceanodroma furcata plumbea Grinnell and Test. See Grinnell andTest, loc. cit,15460. Adult (sex not indicated). Pacific Ocean, "in sight of the coastof Oregon"=Washington, off Cape Flattery (c/. Wilkes, Narrative ofthe U.S. Exploring Expedition 4: 316, 1845). April 29, 1840. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15461. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 15460.
16 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Peale wrote of "our specimens," and Pickering stated that "several" weretaken, but the museum records show only two, and of these but one was seenby Cassin (according to his MS. list) . Both of these skins were sent in 1881to the Chicago Academy of Sciences, whence they were returned in 1919.Peale's name, which at its first appearance was treated as an absolutesynonym of Procellaria furcata Gmelin 1789, of which the type locality isthe Bering Sea, was made valid by Grinnell and Test for a southern race,with No. 15461 as the only type.Genus HALOCYPTENA CouesHalocyplena microsoma CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 79 (not earlier than March 29),1864.47216 (not 11420). Adult female. San Jose del Cabo, State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. May 1861. Collected by John Xantus. Originalnumber "11420."The number 11420 given at the original description is not the number ofthe museum register. It was written by Xantus himself on the original labeland must represent his original number, but is evidently erroneous, since aslate as October 10, 1861, his original numbers had only reached 5819.Inasmuch as the specimen had been laid aside and was not entered into theregister until June 6, 1867, the label bore no number at the time of descrip-tion (1864) except the one used by Coues.Family PELECANOIDIDAE: Diving PetrelsGenus PELECANOIDES LacepedePelecanoides iirinatrix chathamensis Muurphy and HarperBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 35: 65, April 1, 1916.151112. Adult male. Chatham Island (lat. 43?49' S., long. 176?40'W.), Chatham Islands, Southern Ocean. February 1893. Purchasedfrom S. Dannefaerd.Order PELECANIFORMES: Tropic-birds, Pelicans,Frigate-birdsFamily PELECANIDAE: PelicansGenus PELECANUS LinnaeusPelecanus occipitalis RidgwayAmerican Sportsman 4: 297, text-figs., August 8, 1874.=Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. See Ridgway, U.S. geological ex-ploration of the 40th Parallel 3 (Orn.) : 628, 1877.
TYPE SPECEVIENS OF BIRDS 1753696 (=84752). Adult male. Pyramid Lake, Washoe County, Nevada.May 28, 1868. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 766.U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.No. 53696 left the museum and entered Ridgway's private collection ashis No. 1934; at this time, in accordance with his custom, all older labelswere removed and the data were transcribed onto one of his private labels(which is now its only label). The specimen was eventually returned tothe museum and erroneously reentered into the register on July 21, 1881, asNo. 84752.The reverse side of the label bears in Ridgway's hand the words: "Typeof Pelecanus occipitalis, Ridgw., Am./Sportsman, Aug. 8, 1874, p. 297.
=AduIt, after/casting the nuptial rest and the horny excres-/cence of theculmen!"Pelecanus (fuscus?) califoriiicus Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water Birds of North America 2 (Mem.Mus. Comp. Zool. 13) : 132, 143 (not earlier than July), 1844.
=Pelecanus occidentalis calijornicus Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ.California Publ. Zool. 38: 315, 1932.4526. Adult female. San Francisco, San Francisco County, California.November 1855. Collected by John S. Newberry. Pacific RailroadSurvey, The Sacramento Valley to the Columbia River.9958. Adult male. San Francisco Bay, California. March 25, 1858.Collected by Robert S. Williamson.86384. Adult male. La Paz, State of Baja California, Mexico. February24, 1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.No type was designated at the original description, but we know thatRidgway had five specimens from localities on the "Coast of California,from San Francisco Bay to Cape St. Lucas."In addition to the three here listed, there was No. 9959, from San Diego,which was long ago sent to the University of Michigan; the fifth cannotnow be traced, unless it is No. 90035, a head collected by Belding at SanJose in Baja California.No. 86384 has been made the lectotype by Grinnell {loc. cit.), but allthe specimens mentioned above are nevertheless cotypes.Pelecanus occidentalis urinator WetmoreAuk 62 (4) : 582, Oct. 19, 1945.376743. Adult male in nuptial plumage. Hood Island, southernmost ofthe Galapagos Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. June 23,1906. Collected by Edward W. Gifford. Original number 2953. Re-ceived from the California Academy of Sciences, where it was No. 2797.
18 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family SULIDAE: Boobies, GannetsGenus SULA BrissonSula gossi "Ridgw. (ms.)" GossAuk 5 (3) : 241, July 1888.=Sula nebouxii Milne-Edwards. See Ridgway, Manual of North Ameri-can birds, ed. 2, p. 584 (footnote 4) , 1896.113434. Adult male. San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California ("alittle north of latitude 28?, and not far from midway between shores")
,
Mexico. March 24, 1888. Collected by Nathaniel S. Goss. Originalnumber 2.113435. Adult female. San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California ("alittle north of latitude 28?, and not far from midway between shores"),Mexico. March 21, 1888. Collected by Nathaniel S. Goss.Sula abbotti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 599, August 16, 1893 (advance sheet).128761. Adult male. Assumption Island, (lat. 9?47' S., long. 46?31' E.),Aldabra Islands, western Indian Ocean north of Madagascar. Septem-ber 18, 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.[Sula] elegans BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 125 (not earlier than September) 1859.=Sula daclylatra dactylatra Lesson. See Bangs, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool.70: 184, 1930.11953. Adult (sex not indicated). Santo Domingo Key, "which liesthirty-three miles south of Great Ragged Island," Bahama Islands,eastern Atlantic Ocean off Florida. April 10, 1859. Collected byHenry Bryant.Bangs {loc. cit.) has listed Nos. 42939, 42940, and 42941 in the Museumof Comparative Zoology as other cotypes.Sula coiyi MaynardOrnithologist and Oologist 14: 40, March 1889 (from advance sheetsof Contributions to Science).=Sula sula sula (Linnaeus). See Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 70: 185,1930.116847. Adult male. Little Cayman Island, Caribbean Sea. May 2,1888. Collected by Charles J. Maynard.116848. Subadult female. Same data as No. 116847.116849. Subadult male. Same data as No. 116847.116850. Immature male. Same data as No. 116847.The four specimens here listed were obtained from Maynard by purchaseand entered into the museum register on July 29, 1889. Bangs (loc. cit.)has listed four more cotypes in the collection of tlie Museum of ComparativeZoology.Bangs cites as the original description Maynard's Contributions to Science1:40, "Apr." 1889. Richmond (ms.) states that "the Contrib. to Science
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 19
were probably not issued before Sept. or Oct. & are noted among *new publi-cations' in the Orn. & Ool. for Oct. 1889." He suggests further that thedate "March 4, 1889" on p. 40 of the Contributions to Science "may be thedate of publ. of the 0. & 0. article!"Sula rubripeda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 274, "pi. LXXlil,"1848.=Sula sula rubripes Gould. See Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birdsof North America 2 (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 13) : 182, 1884; Mathews,Birds of Australia 4: 212-216, 1915.15611. Adult male. Wake Island (lat. 19? 15' N., long. 166?30' E.),Oceania. Original number 716. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15612. Immature (sex not indicated). Honden Island=PukapukaIsland (lat. 14^56' S., long. 138^48' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania.August 21, 1839. Original number 716. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).15619. Immature (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 15612.15620. Subadult male. Same data as No. 15612.15621. Immature male. Honden Island or Wake Island, Oceania.Original number 716. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).The number of specimens in the original series is uncertain. Peale de-scribed all stages of plumage from natal down to old-adult dress and madedefinite reference to two localities, Honden Island (August 21, 1839) andEnderby's Island (January), as places where the species was found breed-ing. Cassin, however, stated that "numerous" specimens from "various"localities were in the collection (his MS. list indicates that he had in factfive) and referred to several other places where the bird had been seen, ifnot collected, by Pickering.The museum register has seven entries of specimens under this name.Of these, five are listed above; No. 15617, an immature male from HondenIsland, August 21, 1839, is now No. 75688 of the Museum of ComparativeZoology; No. 15581 cannot now be found but is only doubtfully a Sula, forthe original number 225, if correctly given, would indicate that the specimenwas in truth an example of Lamprotornis fusca Peale.Richmond's opinion (MS.) was that the type must be a white adult fromeither Honden Island or Enderby's Island. There is no good evidence thata specimen fulfilling these requirements was ever in the collection! Pealewrote of this bird as "the most common species of Booby, that occurs in thePacific Ocean. It appears to be confined to the intertropical regions, butranges from the shores of America to those of Asia." His references toHonden and Enderby's Islands are really brought forward only in relationto his observations on breeding; his statement that, at Honden, "we took asmany as were wanted, in different stages of plumage" does not necessarilymean that a white adult was collected there, for "amongst many hundred
20 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221pairs ... we saw but about a dozen with the pure white plumage . . ."In short, it appears that specimens were taken only on Honden and WakeIslands and, if we consider Peale's description of the immature plumagestoo cursory to warrant inclusion of the young among the cotypes, that weare probably justified in accepting as the type No. 15611 from Wake Island,the only specimen in full white plumage.A mere fragment of the original label of No. 15611 remains; the sex isknown only by the description of it by Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway {loc.cit.) as "Adult male, perfect plumage."Sula brewsteri GossAuk 5 (3): 242, July 1888.=Sula leucogaster brewsteri Goss. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:85, 1931.113436. Adult male. San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California ("alittle north of latitude 28?, and not far from midway between shores"),Mexico. March 21, 1888. Collected by Nathaniel S. Goss.113437. Adult female. Same data as No. 113436.Family PHALACROCORACIDAE: CormorantsGenus PHALACROCORAX BrissonPhalacrocorax dilophus albocilialus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 94, April 10, 1884.
=Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 263, 1932.82432. Adult male in nuptial plumage. Cedros Island (lat. 28?10' N.),in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on July 6, 1881. Collected by LymanBelding.Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway (Water birds of North America 2:152,1884) show that no less than 12 specimens from the "coast of Californiaand Lower California" were available to Ridgway, but we cannot prove thatall were in the national collection. It is still possible, however, to bringtogether six specimens of the original series of 1884; their proveniences arethe Farallon Islands (2), Cedros Island (1), Cape San Lucas (2), and theRevilla Gigedo Islands (1). Of the six, but one, the bird from CedrosIsland, bears fully developed nuptial plumes and thus really agrees withRidgway's diagnosis.The A.O.U. Checklist Committee in 1910 restricted the type locality tothe Farallon Islands. Nos. 13733 and 17396 are from the Farallones and,so far as we now know, the only ones Ridgway had seen from there. Whileeach shows just enough development of white filaments on head and neckto justify his having included them in his albociliatus, the plumes mentionedas principal character of the race are wholly absent, and it is therefore highlyimprobable that he would have selected either of them to represent the type.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 21
It seems more than likely that the Committee's decision was based, not onthe original specimens, but on the fact that the Farallones, most northernlocality shown by the series, were first listed by Ridgway at his description.It is now suggested that No. 82432, the only extant specimen of the originalseries bearing the nuptial plumes, and thus the only one to agree with thedescription, be considered the type, with a consequent alteration of therestricted type locality to Cedros Island.Carbo Floridanus AudubonBirds of America (folio) 3: pi. 252, 1835.
=Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus (Audubon). See A.O.U., Checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 4, p. 22, 1931.2002. Adult in nonbreeding plumage (sex not indicated). Florida. Re-ceived from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.This specimen, which entered the Baird Collection at the same time as thetype of Phalacrocorax resplendens Audubon, is traditionally the type ofAudubon's Carbo Floridanus, although the supposition can now be neitherproved nor disproved.The bird was sent to Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn, in 1880,and was returned to the National Museum on October 15, 1946.Carbo purpuragula PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 269, "pi. LXXii," 1848.
=Phalacrocorax sulcirostris purpuragula (Peale). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 1: 87, 1931.15684. Adult male. Manua Bay=:Manawaora Bay, Bay of Islands, NorthIsland, New Zealand. Original number 706. U.S. Exploring Expedi-tion (1838-1842),Peale referred to "specimens," but Cassin's MS. list shows only one, andthere is but a single entry for the species in the museum register.Phalacrocorax townsendi AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4: pi. 412, fig. 2, 1838.=Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt). See Baird, Brewer, and Ridg-way, Water birds of North America 2 (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 13) :158, 1884.2742. Immature male. Cape Disappointment, at the mouth of the Colum-bia River, Pacific County, Washington. October 8, 1836. Collectedby John K. Townsend. Original number 159. Received from SpencerF. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.The description of this form was based by Audubon upon two specimens,the second of which was perhaps never in the national collection and is notnow known to exist.Townsend's original label, as well as Baird's private one, are preserved inan envelope attached to the bird's right tarsus.[Phalacrocorax pelagicus.] robustiis Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Water birds of North America 2 (Mem.Mus. Comp. Zool. 13) : 160, (not earlier than July) 1884.
22 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus Pallas. See A.O.U., Checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 4, p. 400, 1931.46474. Adult (sex not indicated). Sitka, Baranof Island, Alaska. No-vember 1865. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 2.46480. Adult female in nuptial plumage. Sitka, Baranof Island, Alaska.May 1866. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 2.52514. Adult female. Kodiak Island, Alaska. June 20, 1868. Collectedby Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 18.52516. Adult male in nuptial plumage. Kodiak Island, Alaska. June 16,1868. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 18.Ridgway in 1884 took the measurements of 11 specimens from "the coastof Alaska, from Norton Sound to Sitka." No type was designated, and theonly specimens definitely referred to are those obtained by Bischoff at Sitkaand Kodiak.The museum had long before received from Bischoff no less than 18examples from Kodiak and Sitka, only six of which were still in the collec-tion in 1884. A seventh skin from Norton Sound had been collected byPease; the others of the series must have formed part of Dall's collection.Since Bischoff's specimens alone received definite mention at the originaldescription, the types should logically come from among the six, of whichthree were collected at Kodiak, three at Sitka. Discarding one from eachof these places as too immature to have permitted measurement, we mayaccept as cotypes the four listed above.Two of the Sitka birds bear on the old museum label the red disk for-merly used to indicate a type. No. 52514 from Kodiak has on the labelin an unidentified hand "robustus Ridg. Type," and on this ground Rich-mond wrote "Type?" in the register after the number in question and laterset the specimen aside as the type. However, an immature taken by Nelsonat Kegiktowik, No. 78827, has on the label in the same hand "Type juv.,'"and it seems clear that these were selected simply as models for illustrationor as typical specimens on which to base descriptions of plumage. The un-known writer is the person who entered into the museum register the collec-tion of which No. 78827 formed part.Phalacrocorax resplendens AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4: pi. 412, fig. 1, 1838.
=Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens Audubon. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 1 : 89, 1931.2004. Adult (sex not indicated). Cape Disappointment, at the mouth ofthe Columbia River, Pacific County, Washington. October? 1836.Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird,who acquired it from John J. Audubon.Carbo fucosus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 268, "pi. LXXii,fig. 2," 1848.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 23
=Phalacrocorax {"Hypoleucus") varius varius (Gmelin). See Mathews,Systema avium australasianarum 1 : 226, 1927.15680. Adult (sex not indicated). Bay of Islands, North Island, NewZealand. Original number 708. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Cassin, synonymizing Carbo fucosus Peale with Carbo hypoleucus Brandt{=Hydrocorax fuscescens Vieillot), referred to "several specimens," buthis MS. list indicates that he had only one, and there is likewise but oneentry for the species in the museum register. Unwittingly he had in factother specimens in the collection, but they were immature and were placedby him under the separate heading of Carbo leucogaster (Gould), whichis nowadays also considered a synonym of Phalacrocorax fuscescens(Vieillot).[Phalacrocorax atriceps] bransfieldensis "Bennett" MurphyOceanic birds of South America 2: 889, 1936.
=Phalacrocorax atriceps bransfieldensis Murphy. See Friedmann, Proc.Amer. Philos. Soc. 89: 309-310, 1945.264141. Adult (female?). Wilhelmina Bay (lat. 64?30' S., long. 62?W.), West Antarctica. January 27, 1922. Collected by Arthur G.Bennett. Original number 688.264142. Adult male. Wilhelmina Bay (lat. 64?30' S., long. 62? W.),West Antarctica. January 27, 1922. Collected by Arthur G. Bennett.Original number 689.Carbo flavagula PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 270, "pi. LXXII, fig.3," 1848.
=Phalacrocorax {"Microcarbo") melanoleucos brevirostris Gould. SeeMathews, Systema avium australasianarum 1 : 228, 1927.15688. Immature (sex not indicated). Bay of Islands, North Island,New Zealand. Original number 707. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Peale referred to "specimens," but Cassin's MS. list shows only one, andthere is but a single entry for the species in the museum register.Family ANHINGIDAE: DartersGenus ANHINGA BrissonAnhinga anhinga minima van RossemAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11)4: 439, October 1939.157356. Adult male. Acaponeta, State of Nayarit, Mexico. June 24,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 4548. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
500936?61 3
24 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221> Order CICONIIFORMES: Herons, Storks, IbisesFamily ARDEIDAE: Herons, BitternsGenus ARDEA LinnaeusArdea cinerea jouyi ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 468, June 15, 1907.=Ardea cinerea rectirostris Gould. See Stuart Baker, Fauna of BritishIndia, Birds, ed. 2, 6: 340, 1929.114429. Adult male. Seoul, Korea. July 4, 1883. Collected by PierreL. Jouy. Original number 1123.Ardea herodias hyperonca OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 43: 550, December 12, 1912.98486. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. March 3, 1884.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 580.Ardea herodias oligista OberholserProc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 43: 553, December 12, 1912.=Ardea herodias hyperonca Oberholser. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl.Zool.38:264, 1932.135573. Immature male. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County,California. August 26, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 11362. Mexican-United States International Boundary Com-mission.Ardea herodias treganzai CourtAuk 25 (3): 291, July 1908.208756. Adult male. Egg Island, Great Salt Lake, Davis County, Utah.April 10, 1907. Collected by Alberto 0. Treganza.Ardea wardi RidgwayBull. NuttaU Orn. Club 7(1) : 5, January 1882.=Ardea herodias wardi Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:100, 1931.82329. Adult male. Oyster Bay=Estero Bay, Lee County, Florida.March 1881. Collected by Charles W. Ward.Ardea herodias adoxa OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 43: 544, December 12, 1912.97914. Adult female? (sex not indicated) . Curagao Island, in the Carib-bean Sea off Venezuela. February 8-10 (not 10-18), 1884. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.Ardea wurdemannii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xlv,669, 1858.=Ardea herodias wardi Ridgway X Ardea occidentalis occidentalis Audu-bon. See Holt, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist. 1 : 32, 1928.8690. Adult male. South Florida. Collected by Gustavus Wiirdemann.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 25The original series consisted of three Wiirdemann-taken specimens. No.9479, an immature from "Florida," was long ago destroyed. No. 6539,collected at Indian Key, Florida, on March 21, 1857, was destroyed as askin, but the skull and the bones of legs and wings have been preserved asNo. 9969 of the osteological collection.Ardea occidentalis AudubonBirds of America (folio) 3: pi. 281, 1835; Ornithological biography3:542,1835.:=^Ardea occidentalis occidentalis Audubon. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 100, 1931.1985. Immature (sex not indicated). Keys near Key West, MonroeCounty, Florida. April or May 1832. Received from Spencer F.Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.It is not now known which of the two citations for this name saw earlierpublication. If the former, the type specimen must be the first bird shotby Audubon himself and used as model for his plate; if the latter, theremust have been 15 or more cotypes. Assuming that the second hypothesisis correct, the specimen here listed is certainly one of the cotypes; it alsois quite possibly the one figured in Birds of America. It should be notedthat Richmond, who, whenever possible, ignored cotypes, left a MS. notesaying: "See N.M. :;^1985, as probable type," but gave no explanation ofhis decision. Genus BUTORIDES BlythArdea virescens anthonyi MearnsAuk 12 (3) : 257, July 1895.
=Butorides virescens anthonyi (Mearns) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld 1:103, 1931.135576. Adult male. Seven Wells, Salton River, State of Baja Cali-fornia, Mexico, near Monument No. 213 of the Mexican-United StatesBoundary Line (5 miles south of the U.S. boundary and 24 miles westof the Colorado River, fide Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 32: 31,1928). April 12, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 10529. Mexican-United States International Boundary Com-mission.Butorides virescens eremonomus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 546, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens anthonyi (Mearns). See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld 1:103, 1931.124540. Adult male. San Diego, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. June 11,1891. Collected by Frank Robinette.Butorides satiiratus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 577, August 6, 1888.
=Butorides virescens virescens (Linnaeus). See Wetmore, in Fisherand Wetmore, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 79: 4, 1931.
26 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221111281. Adult (sex not indicated). Swan Island (lat. 17?30' N., long.84? W.), Caribbean Sea. March 6, 1887. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Original number 1818.Butorides virescens hypernotius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 549, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens virescens (Linnaeus), fide Wetmore (ms.).206342. Adult male. Rio Indio, near Gatun, Panama Canal Zone.February 16, 1911. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 13736. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Ardea bahamensis BrewsterAuk5(l): 83, January 1888.
=Butorides virescens bahamensis (Brewster). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 103, 1931.108645. Subadult (sex not indicated). Abaco Island, Bahama Islands,eastern Atlantic Ocean off Florida. April 3, 1886. Collected byCharles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.108814. Adult female. Rum Cay, Bahama Islands, eastern AtlanticOcean off Florida. March 2, 1886. Collected by "W." Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.108819. Adult male. Watling Island (San Salvador Island), BahamaIslands, eastern Atlantic Ocean off Florida. March 8, 1886. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.Butorides virescens eiibanus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 557, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 103, 1931.177847. Adult male. Palmarito, Province of Oriente, Cuba. February16, 1902. Collected by William Palmer.Butorides virescens christophoreusis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 561, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1: 103, 1931.80921. Adult male. Saint Kitts Island (Saint Christopher Island),Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum registeron October 23, 1880. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Originalnumber 221.Butorides virescens lucianus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 565, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1: 103, 1931.115883. Adult male. Port Castries, Saint Lucia Island, Windward Is-lands, Caribbean Sea. December 1, 1888. Collected by Henry E.Parmenter. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 27Butorides viresceus grenadensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 568, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1: 103-104, 1931.74147. Adult male. Grenada Island, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea.March 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 505.Butorides virescens mesatus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42 : 548, August 29, 1912.
=Butorides virescens maculatus (Boddaert) . See Dickey and van Rossem,Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 23: 76-78, 1938.151366. Adult female. Managua, Department of Managua, Nicaragua.Entered into the museum register on November 21, 1895. Collected byCharles E. Kern.Butorides virescens margaritophilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42 : 553, August 29, 1912.200442. Adult male. San Miguel Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama,Panama. March 13, 1904. Collected by Wilmot W. Brown, Jr. Re-ceived from John E. Thayer.Butorides robinsoni Richmondin Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 655, August 12,1896.
=Butorides striatus robinsoni Richmond. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1: 104,1931.151635. Adult male. Margarita Island, in the Caribbean Sea off Vene-zuela. July 7, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Original number 446.Butorides javanicus actophilus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 1, October 26, 1912.
=Butorides striatus actophilus Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:319, 1944.180100. Adult female. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. January 4, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Butorides javanicus icastopterus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 1, October 26, 1912.
=Butorides striatus actophilus Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 319, 1944.179009. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 10, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Butorides javanicus abbotti OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 14, 1932.
=Butorides striatus abbotti Oberholser. See Mayr, Emu 43: 11, 1943.172899. Adult male. Pulau Langkawi, LangkaAvi Islands, in the Straitof Malacca off the Malay State of Kedah. December 4, 1899. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.
28 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Butorides javanicus carcinophonus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 294, July 19, 1924.
=Butorides striatus carcinophonus Oberholser. See Mayr, Emu 43: 11,1943.182229. Adult female. Pulau Alanga, a reef off Maratua Island, in theCelebes Sea off Borneo. May 12, 1913. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 660.Butorides javanicus carcinophilus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 294, July 19, 1924.
=Butorides striatus carcinophilus Oberholser. See Mayr, Emu 43: 11-12, 1943.201671. Adult female. Casiguran, Principe Province, Luzon Island,Philippine Islands. June 1, 1907. Collected by Edgar A. Meams.Original number 15261.Ardea patruelis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 216, "pi. LXI, fig. 1,"1848.
=Butorides striatus patruelis (Peale). See Hartert, Die Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 2: 1251, 1920.15303. Adult male. Tahiti Island, Society Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 594. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15304. Immature (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15303.The exact number of specimens available to Peale is now unknown.Cassin's MS. list indicates that he had but two, and agrees with the entriesfor the species in the museum register.No. 15303 was sent in 1881 to the Chicago Academy of Sciences, but wasreturned to the National Museum in 1919.Genus CASMERODIUS GlogerHerodias egretta, var. californica Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xlv,667, 1858.
=Casmerodius albus egretta (Gmelin). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool.38:264, 1932.4610. Adult in nonbreeding plumage (sex not indicated). San Diego,San Diego County, California. Entered into the museum register onFebruary 15, 1856. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Receivedfrom the U.S. Boundary Commission.9470. Adult in nonbreeding plumage (sex not indicated). San Diego,San Diego County, California. 1855? Collected by Andrew Cassidy.Baird listed four specimens of his new form, of which one came doubt-fully from Texas, a second simply from "California," and the remainingtwo from San Diego.Grinnell {lac. cit.) considered No. 9470 the type, and it must be admittedthat, while the description equally fits Nos. 9470 and 4610, the measure-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 29
ments cited fit only No. 9470. However, since in the work quoted theauthors did not consistently take their measurements from the specimenused for description of plumage, but rather from whatever bird was largestor most conveniently measurable, both skins are here listed as cotypes.Egretta intermedia palleuca DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 97, August 22, 1947.336202. Adult male (in breeding plumage). Muang Chiang Rai (lat.19?55' N., long. 99?50' E.), Chiang Rai Province, northern Siam.January 27, 1937. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original num-ber 2205. Genus DEMIGRETTA BlythDemiegretla ringeri StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10 : 300, August 3, 1887.
=Demigretta sacra sacra (Gmelin) . See Hartert, Die Vogel der palaark-tischen Fauna 2: 1241, 1242, 1920; Mayr, Araer. Mus. Nov. 1144: 3,1941.21241. Adult in dark phase (sex not indicated). Liu Kiu [Okinawa]Island, Liu Kiu [Ryukyu] Islands, East China Sea. December 1854.Collected by William Stimpson. Original number 168. U.S. NorthPacific Surveying and Exploring Expedition (1853-1856).Genus SYRIGMA RidgwaySyrigma sibilatrix fostersmitlii FriedmannSmithsonian Misc. Coll. Ill (9) : 1, July 21, 1949.406385. Adult male. Caicara, State of Monagas, Venezuela. July 24,1948. Collected by Foster D. Smith, Jr. Original number 143.Genus NYCTANASSA StejnegerNyctanassa violacea caliginis WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 49, March 11, 1946.376007. Adult male. San Jose Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama,Panama. February 20, 1944. Collected by Alexander Wetmore andJoseph P. E. Morrison. Original number 11998.Genus TIGRISOMA SwainsonTigrisoma excellens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 595, September 19, 1888.=Tigrisoma lineatum lineatum (Boddaert). See Todd, Ann. CarnegieMus. 14: 137, 1922.112256. Adult (sex not indicated). Rio Segovia, "Honduras" (the southbank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth, is contestedby Nicaragua and Honduras) . August 13, 1887. Collected by CharlesH. Townsend. Original number 2088.
30 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus IXOBRYCHUS BillhergArdetta luteola StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 290, August 3, 1887.
=lxobrychus sinensis sinensis (Gmelin) . See Orn. Soc. Japan, Hand-listof the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 119, 1942.95972. Adult female. Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Honshu Island,Japan. Entered into the museum register on March 20, 1884. Col-lected by Ota (a taxidermist of Tokyo), for Thomas W. Blakiston.Original number 2704.Ixobrychus sinensis astrologus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31 : 83, June 29, 1918.
=Ixobrychus sinensis sinensis (Gmelin). See Hachisuka, Birds of thePhilippmes 1:365, 1932.254201. Adult male. Paete, Laguna Province, Luzon Island, PhilippineIslands. July 26, 1915. Collected by Richard C. McGregor and AndresCelestino. Original number 7679.Ixobrychus sinensis moorei Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63: 173, August1919.212171. Adult male. Uola Island, Truk Group, Middle Caroline Islands,Oceania. February 16, 1900. Collected by Henry F. Moore. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.Family COCHLEARIIDAE: Boat-billed HeronsGenus COCHLEARIUS BrissonCaneroma zeledoni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 93, June 19, 1885 (advance sheet)
.
=Cochlearius cochlearius zeledoni (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1: 125, 1931.51388. Adult (sex not indicated). Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.February 1868. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 10.Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE: Ibises, SpoonbiUsGenus THRESKIORNIS G. R. GrayIbis abbotti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 599, August 16, 1893 (advance sheet).
=Threskiornis aethiopica abbotti (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 131, 1931.128812. Adult female. Aldabra Island, Aldabra Islands, western IndianOcean north of Madagascar. October 8, 1892. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 31Genus PLEGADIS KaupI [bis], thalassinus RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 8: 110, February 1874.
=Plegadis guarauna (Linnaeus). See Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway,Water birds of North America 1 (Mem. Mus. Conip. Zool. 12) : 98, 1884.53670 (=84604). Immature male. Oreana, on the Humboldt River,Pershing County, Nevada. September 3, 1867. Collected by RobertRidgway. Original number 159. U.S. Geological Exploration of the40th Parallel.53671. Immature female. Camp No. 17, Humboldt Valley=Oreana, onthe Humboldt River, Pershing County, Nevada {fide Ridgway, loc. cit.,footnote) . September 3, 1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Orig-inal number 160. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.The third cotype. No. 53672, a female, was destroyed in October 1881.No. 53670 left the museum and entered Ridgway's private collection ashis No. 170; at this time, in accordance with his custom, all older labelswere removed and the data were transcribed onto one of his private labels(which is now its only label). The specimen was eventually returned tothe museum and erroneously reentered into the register on July 18, 1881,as No. 84604.Falcinellus Ridgwayi J. A. AllenBull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 3: 355, July 1876.
=Plegadis ridgwayi (J. A. Allen). See Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.70: 179, 1930.71273. Adult (sex not indicated). Conima, on Lake Titicaca, Depart-ment of Puno, Peru. January 26, 1875. Collected by Samuel W.Garman. Received from the Museum of Comparative Zoology (whereit was No. 24337).71724. Immature (sex not indicated). Vilque Chico, on Lake Titicaca,Department of Puno, Peru. January 23, 1875. Collected by SamuelW. Garman. Received from the Museum of Comparative Zoology(where it was No. 24338)
.
84605. Adult (sex not indicated). Conima, on Lake Titicaca, Depart-ment of Puno, Peru. January 25, 1875. Collected by Samuel W.Garman. Received from Robert Ridgway, who acquired it from theMuseum of Comparative Zoology (where it was No. 24346).Bangs {op. cit., p. 180) stated that this form was based upon 13 cotypes,of which he could account for but ten in 1930. The three here listed are,of course, the missing specimens.No. 84605 carries only Ridgway's private label, on which the date ap-pears as January 26, 1875; J. L. Peters has informed me {in epist.) thatthe bird was in fact taken on January 25.
32 tr.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Order ANSERIFORMES: Ducks, Geese, SwansFamily ANATIDAE: Ducks, Geese, SwansGenus CHEN BoieAiiser albatus CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8: 41 (not earlier than February26), 1856.
=^Chen hyperborea (Pallas). See Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Waterbirds of North America 1 (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 12) : 439, 1884.10403. Adult (sex not indicated). Oregon. Original number 661.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Cassin based his new form on USNM 10403 and four others bought inthe Philadelphia market; the five are cotypes, but Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat.Sci. Philadelphia, p. 23, 1899) claims ANS 6045 as the type. If one speci-men has a claim above that of the others to be considered the type, tlie birdhere listed may well be the one. While Cassin (U.S. Exploring Expedition8: 333, 1858) says of the species "first described by us from specimensobtained on the coast of New Jersey," he states further that No. 10403
"appears to be ... a male in nearly adult plumage," and the measure-ments of our bird agree exactly with those given for the male at Cassin'soriginal description.Anser Rossii "Baird" CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 73 (not earlier than Mar. 26),1861.=Chen rossii ( Cassin ) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 1 : 146,1931.20131. Adult female. Fort Resolution, on Great Slave Lake at the mouthof the Great Slave River, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories,Canada. May 29, 1860. Collected by Robert W. Kennicott. Originalnumber 571.In the original sending were "head, wings, tail & legs, & also one nearlyperfect skin" {fide Richmond MS.). The odd parts were entered into theregister as Nos. 20132-20135 and have all long since been distributed ordestroyed. The skin, No. 20131, was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sci-ences on January 28, 1881, and was returned to the U.S. National Museumin 1919. Its original label has been lost, but the old Smithsonian exhibitionlabel still exists, as does a data-bearing fragment (now attached to the righttarsus) of the wooden stand upon which the bird was mounted. These showthat the specimen for many years masqueraded under the number "20130"and was supposed to have come from "Ft. Resolution, Salt Lake."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 33Genus BRANTA ScopoliBernicla occidentalis Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 766,1858.
=Branta canadensis occidentalis (Baird). See Peters, Checklist of birdsofthe world 1:150, 1931.5994. Adult (sex not indicated) . Port Townsend, Jefferson County,Washington. 1857. Collected by George Suckley.Branta canadensis niofiitti AldrichWilson Bull. 58 (2) : 96, June 1946.365117. Adult male. Blue Lake (on the Lake Lenore Migratory BirdRefuge), near Coulee City, Grant County, Washington. April 26,1938. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which ob-tained it from V. Clifford, who acquired it from U.S. Game ManagementAgent R. S. Bach (who in turn had seized the bird from an outlawhunter)
.
Bernicla Barnslonii "?(Ross)" RossCanadian Nat. and Geol. 7: 152, April 1862.=Branta canadensis parvipes (Cassin) , fide Aldrich MS.20116. Adult male. Fort Simpson, at the confluence of the Mackenzie andLiard Rivers, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories, Canada.May 13, 1860. Collected by Bernard R. Ross. Original number 313,Although this form was not described until April 1862, the name hadearlier appeared, in print [loc. cit. 6:441, Dec. 1861) and in a letter toBaird written on June 20, 1860. It was used again when, under the dateNovember 10, 1860, Ross wrote Baird that he had sent a skin of the newbird to Washington.Branta hutchinsii asiatica AldrichWilson Bull. 58(2) : 95, June 1946.92827. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. June 9, 1883. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 2165.[Branta] minima RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 22, May 6, 1885.=Branta hutchinsii minima Ridgway. See Aldrich, Wilson Bull. 58 (2) :95, June 1946.76039. Adult female. Saint Michael (on the southern shore of NortonSound), western Alaska. September 10, 1877. Collected by EdwardW. Nelson. Original number 487.96984. Adult female. Saint Michael, western Alaska. June 7, 1881.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1952.Ridgway established this form upon a series of unknown length, fromwhich he deduced its range as "Pacific coast of North America, breedingabundantly about the Yukon delta and contiguous shores of Norton Sound,
34 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221and migrating south in winter to California"; no specimen was given greaterclaim to typeship than another. A manuscript note by Charles W. Richmondreads: "R.R. says type is from St. Michaels, Alaska, one of Nelson's skins";Ridgway's verbal statement no doubt led the A.O.U. Committee on Classifi-cation and Nomenclature to restrict the type locality to Saint Michael.Aldrich {loc. cit.) found only four Saint Michael speciments of B. h.minima {in sensu stricto) in the collection in 1946, of which one is a downyyoung and another was taken by Lucien McS. Turner. Since the two adultslisted above are the only surviving ones collected by Nelson at Saint Michael,they alone are here treated as cotypes, although in fact Turner's skin andothers shot by Nelson at Kotlik should probably be considered equivalent.Genus NESOCHEN SalvadoriAnser hauaiensis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 249, "pi. LXix," 1848.=Nesochen sandvicensis (Vigors). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:151, 1931.15644. Adult (sex not indicated). Mountains of Hawaii Island,Hawaiian Islands, Oceania. Original number 663. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but one specimen, and there is onlyone entry for the species in the museum register.Genus DENDROCYGNA SwainsonDendrocygna bicolor helva Wetmore and PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 35: 42, March 20, 1922.135588. Adult male. "Unlucky Lake, San Diego County," Califomia=
"a shallow overflow (not now in existence) from New River, in Im-perial County about two miles north of the Mexican boundary atMonument No. 221" [fide Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38:265, 1932). April 30, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 10730. Mexican-United States International Bound-ary Commission.Dendrocygna autumnalis fulgens FriedmannCondor 49 (5) : 190, Sept. 12, 1947.112429. Adult male. Lomita Ranch, Hidalgo County, Texas. July 31,1880. Collected by, or for, George B. Sennett. Original number 271.Dendrocygna autumnalis lucida FriedmannCondor 49 (5) : 191, Sept. 12, 1947.359576. Adult male. Tres Zapotes, State of Veracruz, Mexico. May 2,1940. Purchased from natives by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Orig-inal number 818.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 35Genus ANAS LinnaeusAnas aberti "(Ridg., MS.)" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 250, between December 24, 1878, and February5, 1879.=Anas wyvilliana Sclater. See Phillips, Auk 29: 305, 1912.12789. Adult female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Collected byJohn J. Abert.This specimen was entered into the museum register on July 23, 1859, butit had formerly been part of the collection of the National Institute ofScience, an organization of which Col. Abert had been one of the founders.No record has been found of the date of collection of his Mazatlan material.Anas superciliosa percna RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 93, May 20, 1919.=Anas superciliosa rogersi Mathews. See Amadou, Amer. Mus. Nov.No. 1237: 3, 1943.250631. Adult male. Kulawi, on the Palu River above Palu, at thewestern base of the northern peninsula, Celebes. February 3, 1917.Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 3506.Anas obscura, var. fulvigula RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 8: 111, February 1874.=Anas fulvigula fulvigula Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 1: 161,1931.84710. Adult male. "Dummitt's" (not St. Johns River), the collector'scamp on the Indian River "just north of the Haulover Canal and abouta mile and a half from the famous Dummitt's Grove on MosquitoLagoon," Brevard County, Florida (see Howell, Florida Bird Life,p. 15, 1932). "March" 1872. Collected by Charles J. Maynard.Original number 7241. Received from Robert Ridgway, in whosecollection it was No. 1748.The oldest label is Ridgway's; it gives the place of collection as "Dum-mits" and the date as "Mar. 1872." The latter is probably an erroneouscopying of May 1872, for Maynard {fide Howell, who obtained his informa-tion from Maynard) spent only April and May of 1872 at Dummitt's Grove.Anas discors orphna Stewart and AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (4) : 31, May 21, 1956.463091 (not 458061). Adult male. Elliott, Dorchester County, Mary-land. June 9, 1954. Collected by Robert E. Stewart and William R.Nicholson. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Querquedula orinomus [sic] OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19 (21) : 93, June 4, 1906.=Anas cyanoptera orinoma (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 162, 1931.150110. Adult male. "Puna"=Puno, on the western shore of LakeTiticaca (elev. 12,550 feet). Department of Puno, Peru. Entered intothe museum register on April 29, 1895. Collected by A. J. Norris.
M U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Anas crecca nimia FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61(24) : 157, September 3, 1948.366381. Adult male. Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 4,1937. Collected by Olaus J. Murie. Original number 3664. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Poecilonetta galapagensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 115, "1889"=February 5, 1890.=Anas galapagensis (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:167, 1931.115931. Adult male. Charles Island, Galapagos Islands, eastern PacificOcean off Ecuador. April 8, 1888. Received from the U.S. FishCommission. Genus CHAULELASMUS BonaparteChaulelasnius couesi StreetsBull. NuttaU Orn. Club 1 (2) : 46, July 1876.67324. Subadult female. Washington Island (lat. 4?42' N., long.160? 16' W.), Oceania. January 1874. Collected by ThomasH. Streets. U.S. North Pacific Surveying Expedition (1873-1875).67325. Subadult male. Washington Island (lat. 4?42' N., long. 160?16'W.), Oceania. January 1874. Collected by Thomas H. Streets. U.S.North Pacific Surveying Expedition (1873-1875).Genus DENDRONESSA SwainsonAix galericulata brunnescens ClarkProc. Biol. Soc. Washmgton 27: 87, May 11, 1914.
=Dendronessa galericulata (Linnaeus). See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld 1:171, 1931.114766. Adult male. Kyushu Island, Japan. Entered into the museumregister on August 23, 1888. Collected by a native collector forFrederick Ringer. Original number 66.Genus AYTHYA BoieAythya marila nearctica StejnegerU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 29: 161, 1885.89226. Adult male. Bristol Bay, southeastern Bering Sea, Alaska. May1, 1882. Collected by Charles L. McKay. Original number 96.No type specimen was designated at the original description, but specimenswere examined from "Alaska, Pacific coast, Guatemala, Arctic and Atlanticcoasts, and interior of the United States." Oberholser, during preparationof his "Birds of Louisiana," brought together so far as possible Stejneger'sold material and asked the latter to set aside a lectotype. No. 89226, ap-parently the only one of the original series from Bristol Bay, was thus chosenand bears on its label, in Stejneger's hand, the words "nearctica Stejneger"and also "Type, L.S."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 37According to the rules set up for this study, all the original materialshould be considered cotypes, but it is obvious that Stejneger's series of socommon a bird must have been enormous even in 1885, and it would beimpracticable to attempt here to list them all. In this case, then, the onespecimen from the restricted type locality is treated as the only type.Genus BUCEPHALA BairdClangula barrovii Richardsonin Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana 2 (The birds)
:
456, pi. 70, February 1832.=Bucephala islandica (Gmelin). See Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep.Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 796-797, 1858.2723. Adult male. "Iceland?"=0n the Rocky Mountains. 1826 or 1827.Collected by Thomas Drummond (see Richardson, op. cit.. Introduc-tion, p. xv). Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it fromJohn J. Audubon.Baird listed this bird in his private register as from "Iceland?," indicatedthat he had it from Audubon, and stated further that it had reached thelatter from Gould. This last is an incorrect assumption, inasmuch as Audu-bon himself observed that the specimen "was presented to me by the [13th]Earl of Derby, to whom it was given by a member of one of the late ArcticExpeditions" (see Ornithological biography 5: 105, 1839).Blakiston (Ibis, p. 148, 1863) remarked that the type of Clangula barroviiwas "in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington," andBaird (op. cit., p. 797) wrote that No. 2723 "appears to be the one uponwhich the species was based in the F. Bor. Americana."Genus MELANITTA Boie0[iclemla]. stejnegeri RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 112, 1887.
=Melanitta fusca stejnegeri (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:181, 1931.101205. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. March 1884. Collected by N. Grebnitsky. Originalnumber 78.101206. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. April 1884. Collected by N. Grebnitsky. Originalnumber 79.No type was mentioned at the original description, but reference was madein a footnote to "O. deglandii Stejn., Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 174." ThereStejneger stated that he had three males, one of them immature. SinceRidgway's description treated only of the adult, the specimens here listedare the cotypes.
38 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUIM BULLETIN 221Pelionetta trowbridgii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 1,804, 806, 1858.=MelaniUa perspicillata (Linnaeus). See Grinneil, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 265, 1932.12728 (=9860 or 9861). Adult male. San Diego, San Diego County,California. 1853? Collected by Andrew Cassidy.Nos. 9860 and 9861, first entered into the museum register on March 23,1858, were cotypes of this form. One of the two was reentered on July 22,1859, as No. 12728; the other, whether at some time reentered or not, can-not now be found and has presumably been sent out of the museum ordestroyed. Genus THALASSORNIS EytonThalassomis insularis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 19 : 678, May 13, 1897.
=Thalassornis leuconotus insularis Richmond. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 183, 1931.151139. Adult male. "River Sakales"=Sakaleo River, which enters theIndian Ocean between Fanivelona and Fenoarivo (at about lat. 20?38'S.), Madagascar. May 15, 1895. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus OXYURA BonaparteErismatura alleni DanforthAuk 42(4) : 558, October 6, 1925.=OxyuTa jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin). See Wetmore, Sci. Surv.Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands 9: 315-317, 1927; Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 1 : 184, 1931.313946. Adult male. Desengaiio, a switch on the Cabo Rojo branch ofthe American Railroad one-half mile north of Cartagena Lagoon (lat.18?01' N., long. 67?06' W.), Puerto Rico. April 19, 1925. Collectedby Luis H. Mendoza for Stuart T. Danforth. Original number 186.Received from the Cornell University Museum, where it was No. 2287.Order FALCONIFORMES: Hawks, FalconsFamily CATHARTIDAE: New World VulturesGenus CATHARTES llligerCathartes aura teler FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46: 188, October 26, 1933.285275. Adult female. Riverside, Riverside County, California. April12, 1892. Collected by A. H. Higginson. Original number 1901.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 39Cathartes Urubulinga "Natterer" von PelzelnSitzungsber. Akad. Wiss., Wien (Math.-Naturw. Classe) 44: 7, 1861.
=Cathartes urubutinga von Pelzeln. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 1:191, 1931.34984. Adult (sex not indicated). Brazil. Collected by JohannNatterer. Original number 3. Received from the NaturhistorischesMuseum, Vienna.Natterer had nine specimens, adult and immature, from Sapitiba, Irisanga,and Forte do Rio Branco; the rest of the cotypes are, so far as is known,still deposited in the museum at Vienna. Since the original label is lost,and full data were not copied into the museum register, it will probablynever be possible to trace by elimination the provenience and date of thisspecimen.Family ACCIPITRIDAE: Hawks, Old World Vultures,HarriersGenus AVICEDA SwainsonAviceda leuphotes wolfei DeignanAuk 65 (2) : 284, May 15, 1948.297745. Subadult female. "Near Shin Kai Si," Mount Omei (at elev.3,000 feet), Szechwan Province, China. August 29, 1923. Collectedby David C. Graham.Genus ROSTRHAMUS LessonRostrhamus sociabilis levis FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46: 199, October 26, 1933.29578. Immature male. Cuba. Entered into the museum register onJune 10, 1863. Collected by Charles Wright.Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and GoldmanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46: 193, October 26, 1933.144168. Subadult male. Catemaco (elev. 1,000 feet), State of Veracruz,Mexico. April 26, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and EdwardA. Goldman. Original number 1980. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Rostrhamus sociabilis, var. plumbeus Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds (landbirds) 3 : 208 (in key) , 209, January 1874.=Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 201, 1931.11955 (/lof 11755). Immature (sex not indicated). Florida. Enteredinto the museum register on June 23, 1859. Received from JohnCassin.
500936?61 4
40 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22161187. Adult male. The Everglades (near the head of the Miami River,fide Maynard, Birds of Eastern North America, pp. 285-290, 1881),Dade County, Florida. March 25, 1871. Collected by Charles J.Maynard. Original number 5386.No. 11955 cannot be the immature male shot on April 29, 1844, and shownby Harris to the Academy of Natural Sciences, as reported in its Proceed-ings 2: 65, 1844; that specimen is still in Philadelphia as No. 1942. withits label bearing the notation "first specimen for N. Amer." It is probably,however, one of the four taken by Heermann and/or Krider on May 6, 1848.Of these, one. No. 1943 ("Heermann") is still in the Academy; the threeothers are unaccounted for. iGenus ACCIPITER BrissonAstiir atricapillus henshawi NelsonAukl (1): 166, April 1884.
=Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (Wilson). See Ridgway, Auk 1:252,1884; Grinnell and Miller, Pacific Coast Avifauna 27: 98, 1944.79798. Adult female. Chewaucan Creek (SE. of Summer Lake, W. ofLake Albert), Lake County, Oregon. August 16, 1878. Collected byHenry W. Henshaw. Original number 721. Explorations and SurveysWest of the 100th Meridian.85624. Adult male. Twelve miles east of Big Trees, elev. 6,000 feet,Calaveras County, California. June 19, 1881. Collected by LymanBelding.85625. Adult female. Big Trees, Calaveras County, California. June17, 1881. Collected by Lyman Belding.This form was originally described as from the "Pacific coast region fromsouthern Arizona to Sitka, Alaska," but no specimens were definitely men-tioned. However, in "Birds of Alaska" (Arctic Series of Publications, SignalService U.S. Army 3, p. 141, 1887), Nelson himself asserted that the threebirds here listed are the types of henshatvi. There should obviously be morethan three cotypes, but in this case it is no longer possible to decide whatother material lay before the describer.[Astur palunibarius] var. striatulus Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds (landbirds) 3: 238, 240, January 1874.
=Accipiter gentilis atricapillus (Wilson). See Grinnell and Miller,Pacific Coast Avifauna 27: 98, 1944.8508. Adult male. Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington. En-tered into the museum register in December 1857. Collected by GeorgeSuckley. Original number 101. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the47th Parallel.^Ridgway's original series consisted of 11 specimens from various localities,four of which were mentioned by number and fully described. Assuming
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 41that but one form was represented among them, all four would have to beconsidered cotypes.In 1884, showing that heiishawi must be synonymized with striatulus,Ridgway (Auk 1: 252) stated: "^. atricapillus striatulus included both thedark western race . . . and also a special plumage of true A. atricapillus;but . . . three of the four specimens described, and therefore virtually thetypes, are of the dark western race."The type locality was first restricted to Fort Steilacoom in the A.O.U.
"Checklist of North American Birds," (ed. 3, rev., p. 156, 1910), perhapsbecause that place was the one first named by Ridgway. But whether beforeor after this action, Richmond at some time selected No. 8508, the onlySteilacoom bird and the only adult mentioned, as the type and so labeled it.In 1940, Tavemer (Condor 42: 157-160) asserted that three of the four(including No. 8508) are actually atricapillus. This would leave only No.11790 from Camp Semiahmoo as true striatulus, and it alone could be thetype.If, however, the first restriction of type locality must hold, the claims ofNo. 11790 (not 11740) are vitiated, and No. 8508 continues to be the type.This is the more desirable treatment from Taverner's own point of view,since if No. 11790 becomes the type and is admitted to "agree quite well"with laingi, Taverner's new name can only be a synonym of striatulus.Because of the taxonomic complications of this case, it is essential thatsome one example be made a lectotype, by which the validity of striatulusand laingi must stand or fall, and I now follow Friedmann (ms.) andAldrich (ms.) in so designating No. 8508, the specimen originally set asideby Richmond.Astur sparsimfasciatus acelelus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 829, July 8, 1905.
=Accipiter tachiro sparsimfasciatus (Reichenow). See Friedmann andLoveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 81:47, 1937; Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1: 209, 1931.117876. Taveta, Teita District, Kenya Colony. July 7, 1888. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Astur obsoletus RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 306, September 17, 1902.
=Accipiter butleri obsoletus (Richmond) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:212, 1931.178448. Adult female. Katchall Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengalnorthwest of Sumatra. February 18, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Aster [sic] rufitorques PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 68, "pi. Xix," 1848.
=Accipiter fasciatus rufitorques (Peale). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:216, 1931.
42 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22113850. Adult female. Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number "13"=23,jide register, or 24, fide exhibition label. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).13852. Immature female. Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 23,fide register. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).13853. Adult male. Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 23, fideregister, or 24, fide exhibition label. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).13855. Immature male. Fiji Islands, Oceania. U.S. Exploring Expe-dition (1838-1842).Cassin's MS. list indicates five specimens of this form, and the museumregister has five entries (No. 13851, an adult male, was sent to the BostonSociety of Natural History and is now No. 75679 of the Museum of Com-parative Zoology) . The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia has,in addition, an unsexed adult (No. 1227) and an unsexed immature (No.1228) ; there is no reason to believe that these were not also in Peale'soriginal series.Accipiter trivirgatus javanicus MayrAmer. Mus. Nov. 1415 : 4, April 12, 1949.218354. Adult male. Mount Gedeh (at elev. 4,500 feet), near Chibodas,western Java. April 18, 1909. Collected by Owen Bryant. Originalnumber 436.Accipiter velox rufilatus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 11: 92, November 8, 1888.
=Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson). See Allen, Auk 22:331, 1905;Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 1 : 221, 1931.10759. Adult male. Fort Bridger (Camp Scott) , Uinta County, Wyoming(not Utah) . May 26, 1858. Collected by Constantin Drexler. Originalnumber 452. South Pass Wagon Road Expedition.Ridgway's separation of rufilatus was "based on . . . comparison of morethan eighty specimens of the two forms," but no example was referred to bynumber or definite locality. However, the red label of No. 10759 bears inRidgway's hand the notation "Accipiter velox rufilatus Ridgw." This lecto-type had been set aside prior to April 18, 1905, when Nelson discussed thename (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 122), and very probably at Nelson'srequest.Accipiter striatus venator WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 119, July 10, 1914.238370. Adult male. The Cerro Gordo, near Maricao, Maricao Municipal-ity, Puerto Rico. May 30, 1912. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 2010. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 43Aster [sic] bifasciatus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 70, "pi. XX," 1848.
=Accipiter virgatus gularis (Temminck and Schlegel). See Deignan,U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 186: 65, 1945.13854. Immature (sex not indicated). Singapore Island, Malaya. Origi-nal number 24, fide register, or 25, fide exhibition label. U.S. Explor-ing Expedition (1838-1842).Peale referred to "our specimens," but Cassin's MS. list gives only one,and there is but one entry in the museum register.The old exhibition label identifies the specimen with "Accipiter badius(Gm.) Strickl.," and Chasen, so informed by Mathews, has misused Peale'sname for Micronisus poliopsis Hume (see Birds of the Malay Peninsula4:25, 1939). Genus BUTEO LacepedeButeo exsul SalvinIbis (3) 5:371, July 1875.=Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:230, 1931.71044. Adult (sex not indicated). Mas-afuera Island (lat. 33?46' S.,long. 80?46' W.), Juan Fernandez Islands, southern Pacific Ocean offcentral Chile. Entered into the museum register on February 22, 1877.Collected by an agent of Federico Leybold. Received from OsbertSalvin.Salvin {op. cit., p. 370) stated that Charles Barclay brought the collectionfrom Chile, and that it was placed in his hands for determination by HanburyBarclay, Charles's brother.The description of this buzzard was based upon an undisclosed numberof cotypes, with both sexes represented; the remainder of the series areperhaps now in the British Museum. Our No. 71045, an immature female,must be considered merely a paratype.[Buteo borealis] var. lucasanus Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds (landbirds) 3: 258 (in key), 285, January 1874.=Buteo jamaicensis calurus Cassin. See Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 41: 84-85, 1902; Friedmann (ms.).16925. Adult male (not "female?"), fide exhibition label and Xantus'sfield catalog. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.September 15, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number2194.How much the concept of the type specimen has changed is shown by thefact that Brewster {op. cit., p. 84) observed that No. 16925 is the specimenfrom which Ridgway's description was taken, but in the same paragraph(and again on p. 86) stated that No. 17212 is the type.
44 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ridgway had, in fact, a number of specimens, both immature and adult,but since he affirmed that the description was based upon a single bird, No.16925, the others of the series can only be considered paratypes.Buteo b[orea!is]. socorroensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12 : 7, January 27, 1898.=Buteo jamaicensis socorroenis Nelson. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:232, 1931.50761. Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. Entered into the museum register on April24, 1868. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 2.117499. Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. March 8, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.117500. Adult female. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. March 8, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.This name was provisionally proposed by Ridgway (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.3 : 220, September 9, 1880) for the Buteo borealis var. montanus of Graysonand Lawrence, not Nuttall, but was here not accompanied by a description.No. 50761 was Grayson's only specimen and is accordingly the type of thenomen nudum. Nos. 117499 and 117500, taken in 1889, bear the namesocorroensis on the labels in Ridgway's hand. Nelson's fortuitous valida-tion of the name was based upon Nos. 117499 and 117500 or upon all threespecimens. Nos. 117499 and 117500 are, in any case, the birds from whichthe first formal description was taken (Ridgway, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, Aves 3: 64, November 1900)
.
Buteo borealis funiosus NelsonProc. BioL Soc. Washington 12: 7, January 27, 1898.=Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 1 : 232, 1931.156714. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 13 (not 6), 1897. Collected byEdward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4379.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Buteo borealis, var. coslaricensis Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds (landbirds) 3 : 285, footnote 1, January 1874.=Buteo jamaicensis coslaricensis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 1 : 232, 1931.30409. Adult (sex not indicated). Costa Rica. Entered into themuseum register on November 5, 1863. Collected by Alexander vonFrantzius.Buteo Cooper! CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8: 253 (not earlier than October 28),1856.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 45
=Buteo harlani (Audubon). See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38: 266, 1932; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 1: 232, 1931.8525. Adult male. Near Mountain VicAV, Santa Clara County, California(see Cooper, Ornithology of California, p. 473, 1870). November 10,1855 (not October 1856). Collected by James G. Cooper. Originalnumber 51.According to Grinnell {loc. cit.), the exact date of publication of Cassin'sdescription was April 25, 1857. The same author (Condor 32: 259-260,1930) has written an exhaustive study of this type.Buteo lineatus alleni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 514, February 25, 1885.78395. Immature female. Clearwater, Pinellas County, Florida. October1879. Collected by S. T. Walker.99533. Adult male. Tampa, Hillsborough County, Florida. May 20,1878. Received from Charles K. Worthen.Onychotes gruberi RidgwayProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 149 (not earlier tlian Decem-ber 27), 1870 (=1871?).=Buteo solitarius Peaie. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38: 315, 1932.41703. Adult in dark phase (sex not indicated). "California"=HawaiiIsland, Hawaiian Islands, Oceania? Entered into the museum registeron April 7, 1866. Received from Ferdinand Gruber.As has been shown by Grinnell [loc. cit.), the provenience of this specimenmust be held doubtful. It was one of a lot of ten birds received fromGruber and entered into the register by Baird. One, a Myiarchus sp,, camefrom "Guatemala"; two, including No, 41703, came from "California," andBaird queried the locality given for the hawk; the others came from "SanFrancisco," and one of them, a Rallus sp., has no less than three queriesinserted by Baird after locality.Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and SmythJourn, Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 19: 485, October 1935.335298. Adult female. El Yunque, a mountain in northeastern PuertcRico. August 2, 1935. Collected by J, Adger Smyth, Received fromStuart T. Danforth, in whose collection it was No, 1890.Buteo platypterus insulicola RileyAuk 25 (3) : 273, July 1908,119349. Adult male, Antigua Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean SeaMay 29, 1890. Collected by Cyrus S, Winch, Received from Charier.B, Cory (in whose collection it was No, 14735)
,
[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] c, var. griseocauda RidgwayProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, 16:87 (in key), 88, May 21 (=Decem-ber) 1873.=Buteo magnirostris griseocauda Ridgway, See Brodkorb, Occas, Paper
-
Mus, Zool, Univ. Michigan 425: 2, 1940.
46 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22127103. Adult (sex not indicated). Hacienda "Mirador," State of Vera-cruz, Mexico. 1861 or 1862. Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius.This name was based upon a series of 14 specimens, now known to bereferable to at least three races. The example here listed was long ago setaside by Richmond as a lectotype, and Brodkorb (op. ciL, p. 1) accordinglyrestricted the type locality of griseocauda to Mirador, Veracruz. By thisrestriction the cotypes were reduced to two; the second, a female from RioSeco, Veracruz, is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, where itis No. 77366.Buteo magnirostris xantusi Van RossemAnn. Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 4: 440, October 1939.30233. Immature male. Hacienda "Tecothnatlan," Rio Armeria, State ofColima, Mexico. February 1863. Collected by John Xantus. Originalnumber 169.Rupornis gracilis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 94, June 19, 1885.=Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:237, 1931.102852. Subadult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 27, 1885. Collectedby James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Ridgway, in the original description, mentioned ten specimens, but failedto designate a type. This omission was remedied in the Proceedings of theU.S. National Museum (8:579, Nov. 23, 1885), where under the nameRupornis magnirostris gracilis, No. 102852 was stated to be the type.Genus SPIZAETUS VieillotSpizaetus tyrannus serus FriedmannSmithsonian Misc. Coll. Ill (16) : 1, Febniary 28, 1950.206391. Adult male. Rio Indio, near Gatun, Panama Canal Zone.March 4, 1911. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number13928. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Spizaetus nanus stresenianni AmadonIbis 95 (3): 498, July 1,1953.180805. Immature male. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 13, 1905. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Genus HALIAEETUS de SavignyHaliaetus hypoleucus "Stejnegger, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 90, August 2, 1883.
=Haliaeetus albicilla albicilla (Linnaeus) ?, fide Wetmore and Fried-mann (MS.).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 4789127. Immature female. Bering Island, Commander Islands, south-western Bering Sea. May 15, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H.Stejneger. Original number 1055.Long and careful study by the museum ornithologists has disclosed nocharacter at all by which this specimen can be certainly allocated betweenH, a. albicilla and H. leucocephalus alascanus Townsend! Since the namehypoleucus Ridgway, 1883, has priority over alascanus Townsend, 1897, theformer should be arbitrarily placed in synonymy with albicilla Linnaeus,1758.Haliaetus leucocephalus alascanus C. H. TownsendProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 11: 145, June 9, 1897.
=Haliaeetus leucocephalus alascanus Townsend. See A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 72 : 293, 1955.151567. Adult male. Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea.June (not May) 22, 1895. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus CIRCUS LacepedeCircus approximans PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 64, "pi. xviii" (="pl.xvn"?), 1848.
=Circus approximans approximans Peale. See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld 1:267, 1931.13841. Immature (sex not indicated). Muthuata Town, Vanua LevuIsland, Fiji Islands, Oceania. June 21, 1840. Original number 12.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Genus SPILORNIS G. R. GraySpilornis bassus baweanus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52 : 185, February 8, 1917.
=Spilornis cheela baweanus Oberholser. See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian birds, p. 75, 1935.181446. Adult female. Bawean Island, Java Sea, Indonesia. November25, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Spilornis cheela richniondi Kirke SwannSynopsis of the Accipitres, ed. 2, p. 135, 1922.181625. Adult (sex not indicated). Kendawangan River, Matan Sub-division, southwestern Borneo. July 1-September 9, 1908. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Spilornis klossi RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 304, September 17, 1902.
=Spilornis cheela klossi Richmond. See Meise, Journ. fiir Orn. 87: 71,1939.
48 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221178429. Adult male. Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of
?
^
' Bengal northwest of Sumatra. March 20, 1901. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Richmond gives as the exact type locality Pulau Kunyi, but reference toBoden Kloss (In the Andamans and Nicobars, pp. 141-153, 1903) showsthat the bird may have been shot anywhere within an area bounded on thewest by Pulau Kunyi village, on the east by the Dagniar River, and on thesouth by the shore of Casuarina Bay.Spilornis abbotti RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 492, February 4, 1903.
=Spilornis cheela abbotti Richmond. See Meise, Joum. fiir Orn. 87: 71,January 1939.179094. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 13 (not 1), 1901. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Family FALCONIDAE: Falcons, CaracarasGenus PHALCOBOENUS D'OrbignyIbycler circunicinctus ScottAuk 27 (2) : 152, April 1910.=Phalcoboenus albogularis Gould. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:280, 1931.335166. Adult male. Near the settlement of Chubut, Territory of Chubut,Argentina, February 1896. Collected by 0. A. Petersen? Originalnumber 8. Received from the Princeton Museum of Zoology (where itwas No. 8993), which institution acquired it from the Museo de LaPlata. Genus POLYBORUS VieillotPolyborus Audubonii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 2 (not earlier than January 31),1865.
=Polyborus cheriway audubonii Cassin. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:281, 1931.1977. Immature (sex not indicated). Saint Augustine, Saint JohnsCounty, Florida. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired itfrom John J. Audubon.Audubon's type specimen of the Florida caracara was shot for him byhis assistant on November 27, 1831, at Saint Augustine; while he later sawother specimens, he seems to have had but one in his own collection. Thebird was sent to Dr. Richard Harlan of Philadelphia (see Burns, Wilson Bull.21: 103-104, 1909).Cassin (loc. cit.) states: "The specimen now described is Mr. Audubon'stype from Florida, presented by him to this Academy"; Stone, however
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 49(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 29, 1899), remarks without explana-tion: "Type in U.S. National Museum."On the reverse side of the red type label are the following comments inRichmond's hand: "Possible type. Cassin says 'Audubon's type' is thebird 'now described', & this is the only Audubon spec, in Nat. Mus. Stone,in his list of types in Phil. Acad. (p. 29) says 'Type in U.S. Nat. Mus.' A. H.Howell compared this specimen with Cassin's description & found them toagree. C.W.R."The oldest label carried by the specimen is a piece of heavy cardboard,on which we find, in a semiprinted hand: "Polyborus brasiliensis./Young.St. Augustin./Plate CLXI. Young./Synopsis p."/. The writing is very dis-tinct from Audubon's cursive script in a series of letters written between1840 and 1846 (now preserved in the Smithsonian archives), but is notstrikingly different from the semiprinted addresses on certain of the coversand agrees perfectly with that on the labels of other specimens known tohave been Audubon's; the probability of this label's being Audubon's own istherefore very great.Polyborus cheriway pallidus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 8, January 27, 1898.156715. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 3, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4172. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Polyborus lutosus RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. (2) 1 (6) : 459 (not earlierthan February 8) , 1876.69980 (=80793) . Immature (sex not indicated) . Guadalupe Island (lat.29?00' N., long. 118?15' W.), eastern Pacific Ocean off the State ofBaja California, Mexico. 1875. Collected by Edward Palmer.Original number 22.69981. Immature female. Original number 30. Other data as above.69982. Adult (sex not indicated). Original number 31. Other data asabove.69984. Adult female. May 10, 1875. Original number 32. Other dataas above.69985. Immature (sex not indicated). 1875. Original number 25.Other data as above.69986. Immature (sex not indicated). Original number 17. Other dataas above.69987. Adult (sex not indicated). May 10, 1875. Original number 23.Other data as above.69989. Immature male. 1875. Original number 21. Other data asabove.69993. Adult female. Original number 24. Other data as above.
50 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22169994. Immature (sex not indicated). Original number 29. Other dataas above.69995. Adult female. Original number 19. Other data as above.69997. Pullus (sex not indicated). May 10, 1875. Original number48. Other data as above.69998. Pullus (sex not indicated) . May 10, 1875. Original number 48.Other data as above.69999. Pullus (sex not indicated). April 11, 1875. Original number34. Other data as above.Ridgway's description was based upon 20 specimens, all of which mustbe considered cotypes. No. 69984 was marked as the type by Richmondand has been designated as such by Grinnell (Univ. California Publ. Zool.32: 113, 1928), but it seems to be simply a lectotype, with no more claimto typeship than any other of the series.The fates of the six remaining cotypes are as follows
:
No. 69983, an unsexed adult, and No. 69988, an unsexed immature, weresent to J. H. Gurney on Jan. 12, 1882, and are now in the Castle Museum,Norwich. No. 69990, an immature male, was sent to Osbert Salvin in Aug.1876, and is now in the British Museum. No. 69991, an immature male,went to the Mombusho Museum in Tokyo in 1877 and was destroyed by thegreat earthquake and fire of 1923. No. 69992, an unsexed adult, shouldstill be in the national collection, but cannot now be found. No. 69996, anunsexed pullus, was sent to von Berlepsch on Sept. 25, 1882, and pre-sumably later entered the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfurt-am-Main,although it could not be found there in 1932 (see Abbott, Condor 35: 11,1933).The original label of No. 69980 became separated from the skin at thetime of mounting, and the bird was given a new number when dismountedin September 1880. Genus POLIHIERAX KaupPolihierax semitorquatus homopterus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27: 738, May 21, 1904.
=Polihierax semitorquatus castanonotus von Heuglin. See Archer andGodman, Birds of British Somaliland and the Gulf of Aden 1 : 184,1937.177898. Adult male. Goulf=Laga {ca. lat. 6?45' N., long. 41?45' E.),Somaliland. November 29, 1894. Collected by A. Donaldson Smith.Original number 454.Genus FALCO LinnaeusFalco rusticolus alascanus Kirke SwannBull. Brit. Om. Club 42: 67, February 2, 1922.
=Falco rusticolus uralensis (Severzov and Menzbier) . See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 1 : 286, 1931.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 5196776. Adult male. Norton Bay=Norton Sound in the neighborhood ofSaint Michael, western Alaska. October 1879. Collected by EdwardW. Nelson. Original number 1565.Falco ferox PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 67, "pi. XVIII," 1848.
=Falco novae-seelandiae Gmelin. See Mathews and Iredale, Ibis (10)1: 420, 1913; Peters, Checklist of birds of tlie world 1: 287, 1931.13862. Adult male? Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand. Origi-nal number 19. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Falco communis, var. Pealei Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5: 201, Dec. 1873.
=Falco peregrinus pealei Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:290, 1931.12022 (not 12622). Immature (not adult) female. "Oregon"^PugetSound (see Peale, U.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 66,1848) . U.S. Exploring Expedition ( 1838-1842)
.
45814. Immature (not adult) female. Sitka, Baranof Island, Alaska.May 1866. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff.The original label of No. 12022 no longer exists, and the erroneous local-ity "Oregon" was taken from the old exhibition label of the National Insti-tute still affixed to the specimen.On the label of No. 12022 Ridgway has at some time written the words
"communis var. pealii Ridgway/rype." At the original description, how-ever, the two specimens were treated as cotypes.Falco fusco-coenilescens septentrionalis ToddProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 98, June 6, 1916.111485. Adult male. Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona. May6, 1887. Collected by Harry C. Benson. Original number 534.^salon regulus insignis ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 470, June 15, 1907.=Falco columbarius insignis (Clark) . See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 1:295, 1931.114580. Immature male. Fusan, Korea. March 12, 1884. Collected byPierre L. Jouy. Original number 1380.Falco columbarius, var. Suckleyi Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5: 201, December 1873.=Falco columbarius suckleyi Ridgway, fide Friedmann MS.4477 bis (not 4477) . Adult male. Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Wash-ington. August 1855. Collected by James G. Cooper.5832. Adult female. Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington. Sep-tember 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number 547.Falco (Hypotriorchis) richardsonii RidgwayProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 145 (not earlier than December27), 1870 (=1871?).
52 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Falco columbarius richardsonii Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1:296,1931.5171. Adult male. Confluence of the Vermilion River with the Missouri,Clay County, South Dakota. October 25, 1856. Collected by Ferdi-nand V. Hayden.40516. Immature male. Missouri River opposite Fort Rice, EmmonsCounty, North Dakota. July 20, 1865. Collected by S. M. Rothammer.Original number 365.58983 (=109299). Adult female. Berthoud Pass, Clear Creek-GrandCounties, Colorado. Entered into the museum register in January1870. Collected by James Stevenson for Ferdinand V. Hayden.No. 58983 long ago lost its original label and on Aug. 23, 1886, was re-entered into the register with a new number ; it carries now only a red typelabel attached by Richmond. The labels of Nos. 5171 and 40516 each bearthe word "Type" in Ridgway's hand, and we may assume that a similarnotation was on the label of No. 58983.Cerchneis perpallida ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 470, June 15, 1907.
==Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus Linnaeus. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 1 : 298 (footnote) , 1931.114579. Aduh male. Fusan, Korea. April 6, 1884. Collected byPierre L. Jouy. Original number 1388.Cerchneis moluccensis microbalia OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 178, November 2, 1917.=Falco moluccensis occidentalis (Meyer and Wiglesworth ) . See Chasen,Handhst of Malaysian birds, p. 82, 1935.181449. Adult male. Pulau Solombo Besar, eastern Java Sea, Indonesia.December 3 (not March 12), 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Falco sparveriiis peninsiilaris MearnsAuk 9 (3): 267, July 1892.16930 (=58674) . Adult male. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja Cali-fornia, Mexico. May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Originalnumber 269.Falco (Tinnunculus) leucophrys Ridg^vayProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 147 (not earlier than December27), 1870 (=1871?).
=Falcosparverius sparveroides Vigors, fide Friedmann (ms.)31984. Adult female. Cuba. Entered into the museum register onJanuary 25, 1864. Acquired from John Akhurst (a dealer in NewYork).34244. Adult male. Remedios, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba. De-cember 14, 1863. Collected by Nathaniel H. Bishop.Cerchneis sparveria loqiiacula RileySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 (Quarterly Issue 2) : 284, November 9,1904.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 53
=Falco sparverius loquaculus (Riley) , fide Friedmann (ms) .169029. Adult male. Isabel II, Vieques Island, Caribbean Sea east ofPuerto Rico. February 8, 1899. Collected by Arthur B. Baker.Original number 91. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Falco sparverius aequatorialis MearnsAuk 9 (3) : 269, 1892.101309. Subadult male. "Guayaquil, Ecuador," error="the interior ofEcuador" [fide Jones, in epist. of November 11, 1884). Entered intothe museum register on January 5, 1885. Received from William H.Jones, who acquired it, with other birds, from "Mr. Cartright Agt.P.S.N. Co. Guayaquil as a gift" {in epist. cit.)
.
While Mearns intended to base his description on two cotypes (male andfemale). Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 34:376-377, 1915) hasshown that the female. No. 67349 from "Ecuador," is in fact an example ofF. s. caucae.Tinminculus sparverius var. Australis RidgwayProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 149, footnote (not earlier thanDecember 27) , 1870 (=1871 ? )
.
=Falco sparverius eidos Peters. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 1:305, 1931.50942. Adult female. Brazil. Entered into the museum register onMay 5, 1868. Collected by Frederico de Albuquerque.Ridgway 's first use of the name australis was essentially a mere renamingof Falco gracilis Swainson 1838, not Lesson 1830, nor Temminck 1821, butin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway (History of North American birds 3: 166,1874) it appeared again with a formal description and the listing of threespecimens that might stand as cotypes. Richmond was accordingly led totreat Ridgway's australis as independent of Swainson's gracilis and set asideNo. 20937, the first-named, as the type.A study of the three specimens is interesting. The first. No. 20937, wastaken in September 1860, not on the Parana as stated, but in Uruguay oron the Uruguay River, and is a representative of F, s. cinnamominus Swain-son (or, strictly speaking, cinnamoninus > eidos) . No. 50942 is from Bra-zil and is F. s. eidos Peters. No. 16570, from Bogota, is F. s. intermedinsCory.I am in complete agreement with Cory (Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Orn. Ser.1:317 [footnote], 319, 1915) that australis of Ridgway should be held tohave the same type specimen as gracilis of Swainson, but Ridgway's peculiartreatment of his name could lend legalistic grounds to one who, like Rich-mond, cared to take a different view. Since Ridgway's series was composite,a reviser could select either No. 20937 or No. 16570 as the type, thus makingPeters's name eidos (new name for australis Ridgway, not Hombron andJacquinot 1841, nor Gmelin 1788) a mere synonym of either cinnamominusor intermedins, and leaving the bird of Bahia again without a valid name.
54 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221To settle the matter once and for all, and to make unquestionable the ap-plication of eidos, I now designate as the type No. 50942, with data as listedabove.Order GALLIFORMES: Megapodes, Curassows,Pheasants, HoatzinsFamily MEGAPODIIDAE: MegapodesGenus MEGAPODIUS GaimardMegapodius nicobariensis abbotti OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 55: 401, May 7, 1919.
=Megapodius jreycinet abbotti Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 3, 1934; Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1006: 5, 1938.178343. Adult male. Little Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay ofBengal northwest of Sumatra. February 28, 1901. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Megapodius forsteni balukensis OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 294, July 19, 1924.=Megapodius freycinet balukensis Oberholser? See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2: 4, 1934; Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1006: 5, 1938.200692. Adult female. Balukbaluk Island (lat. 6?40' N., long. 121?42'E.), Philippine Islands. January 10, 1906. Collected by Gordon John-ston, for Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13883.Family CRACIDAE: Curassows, Guans, ChachalacasGenus PAUXI TemminckPauxi pauxi gilliardi Wetmore and PhelpsJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 144, May 17, 1943.368540. Adult male. Near Tierra Nueva (elev. 1,200-1,500 feet, at thenorthern end of the Serrania de Valledupar, or Sierra Negra, slightlysouth of east of Fonseca), Department of Magdalena, Colombia. July21, 1941. Collected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number1678. Genus CRAX LinnaeusCrax chapmani NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14 : 170, September 25, 1901.=Crax rubra rubra Linnaeus. See Friedmann, Birds of North and Mid-dle America 10: 14 (footnote 13), 1946.167370. Adult female. Puerto Morelos, on the eastern coast of the Stateof Yucatan, Mexico. March 28, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 7940. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 55Crax gloI)icera griscomi NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 106, August 25, 1926.=Crax rubra griscomi Nelson. See Heilmayr and Conover, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 132, 1942.167377. Adult female. Cozumel Island, oif the eastern coast of the Stateof Yucatan, Mexico. April 8, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 8071. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus ORTALIS MerremPenelope adspersa von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 9: 386, 1843.=0rtalis guttata adspersa (von Tschudi). See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica, New York, 27: 49, 1942.41932. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This form was described from an undisclosed nimiber of cotypes. Heil-mayr and Conover (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1: 165, 1942) statecategorically "type in Neuchatel Museum," but this must be in error, sincevon Berlepsch and Heilmayr (Journ. fiir Orn. 53: 6-20, 1905) mention nospecimen seen by them there. At least one other cotype, received as partof the Salvin-Godman Collection, is preserved in the British Museum.Ortalida McCalli Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xliv,611, 1858.
=Ortalis vetula mccalli (Baird). See Heilmayr and Conover, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 169, 1942.4106. Adult male. Boquillo, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April 1853.Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 137.0[rlalis]. vetula pallidiventris RidgwayManual North American birds, p. 209, September 1887.
=Ortalis vetula pallidiventris Ridgway. See Heilmayr and Conover,Birds of the Americas 1(1): 172, 1942.37976. Adult male. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. February 13,1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 171.Comision Cientifica de Yucatan.39318. Adult male. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. April 25, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 430. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.39319. Adult (sex not indicated). Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico.May 20, 1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number487, Comision Cientifica de Yucatan.No indication was given by Ridgway of the number of specimens beforehim, but a study of museum records shows that there were probably at leasteight. Of these, four have the data too incomplete to have been wholly use-50093&?Gl 5
56 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221ful; the remainder possess full data, and the type would almost certainlyhave been selected from among them. Three are here listed; the fourth,No. 37977 (data as for No. 37976, but with date February 16, 1865, andoriginal number 182) cannot now be found in the collection.Ortalis riificrissa lamprophoiiia WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 1, December 17, 1953.368535. Adult male. Serrania de Macuire, above Nazaret, Commissaryof La Guajira, Colombia. May 5, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wet-more and Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 11792.Family TETRAONIDAE: GrousesGenus DENDRAGAPUS ElliotCanace obscura, var. fuliginosa Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5: 199, December 1873.
=Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Ridgway). See Friedmann, Birdsof North and Middle America 10: 74-76, 1946.4505 (not 11505). Adult male. Cascade Mountains, beneath MountHood, Hood River County, Oregon. October 5-14, 1855. Collectedby C. D. Anderson for John S. Newberry, Pacific Railroad Survey,The Sacramento Valley to the Columbia River.11826. Adult female. Chiloweyuck (Chilliwack) River (not Depot),Fraser Valley Electoral District, British Columbia (not Washington).August 6, 1858. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennedy. Original num-ber 216. Northwestern Boundary Commission.11827. Immature (sex not indicated). Chiloweyuck (Chilliwack) River(not Depot), Fraser Valley Electoral District, British Columbia (notWashington). August 6, 1858. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly.Original nimiber 217. Northwestern Boundary Commission.No. 4505, from the "Cascade Mts.," bears on one of its old labels, in anunidentified hand, "Foot of Mt. Hood." The species is more likely to havebeen found in the Mount Hood region than in any other visited by the Ex-pedition, and the restricted locality may be accepted as correct (see Rep.Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 6: 97-101, 1857)
.
Genus LAGOPUS BrissonLagopus lagopus niuriei Gabrielson and LincolnProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 62: 175, December 22, 1949.366615. Adult male. Nagai Island (lat. 55? N., long. 160? W.), Shu-magin Islands, just south of the Alaska Peninsula, Alaska. May 15,1936. Collected by Olaus J. Murie. Original number 3512. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 57Lagopus lagopus ungavus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 233, November 28, 1911.101068. Adult male. Fort Chimo (near the mouth of the KoksoakRiver), northern Quebec Province, Canada. July 22, 1884. Col-lected by Lucien McS. Turner. Original number 5823.Lagopus alba alleni StejnegerAuk 1 (4) : 369, October 1884.=Lagopus lagopus alleni Stejneger. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 108, 1946.100054. Adult (sex not indicated). Saint John's, Province of New-foundland, Canada. Entered into the museum register on October 7,1884. Received from Leonhard H. Stejneger, who purchased it inNew York.Lagopus ridgwayi StejnegerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2 : 98, April 10, 1884.=Lagopus mutus ridgwayi Stejneger. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2: 33, 1934.89059. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. June 6, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1167.89062. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. August 23, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1487.92709. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. January 11, 1884. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1867.92716. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. October 19, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1689.89057. Adult female. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. August 10, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1418.92712. Adult female. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. January 19, 1883. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1877.The six specimens here listed were all named as types at the first descrip-tion, and each bears the word "Tj'pe" on the label in Stejneger's hand; itwas evidently his desire to have represented in the type series as manystates of plumage as possible. The two females, however, come into thediagnosis only by measurements and should probably be treated as mere para-types. The only male in full summer dress (and thus agreeing with the de-scription even to the blackish abdomen) is No. 89062, which might thereforebe considered the type.
58 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Lagopus japonicus ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 469, June 15, 1907.=Lagopus mutus japonicus Clark. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 2: 33, 1934.121179. Adult male. Mitake-san^Minami-koraa-ga-dake (Mount Mi-nami), Kiso Range, Nagano Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan. July29 (not 7), 1888. Collected by M. Kikuchi. Original number 155.Received from The Science College Museum, Imperial University,Tokyo.Lagopus evermanni ElliotAuk 13 (1) : 25, pi. 3 (opp. 197) , January 1896.:=Lagopus mutus evermanni Elliot. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 109-110, 1946.135638. Adult male. Attu Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 4, 1894.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.128275. Adult female. Attu Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. May 28,1892. Collected by Barton W. Evermann. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Lagopus rupestris townsendi ElliotAuk 13 (1) : 26, January 1896.=Lagopus mutus toivnsendi Elliot. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 111-113, 1946.135634. Adult male. Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 8,1894. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.135636. Adult female. Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 8,1894. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Lagopus mutus gabrielsoni 0. J. MurieCondor 46 (3) : 121, May 24, 1944.
. Adult male. Amchitka Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June28, 1940. Collected by Ira N. Gabrielson. Deposited by Ira N. Gabriel-son, in whose private collection it is No. 4150.Lagopus rupeslris sanfordi BentSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (30) : 1, January 6, 1912.=Lagopus mutus sanfordi Bent. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 113-114, 1946.222527. Adult male. Tanaga Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 25,1911. Collected by RoUo H. Beck. Original number 204.Lagopus rupeslris chamberlaini ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 469, June 15, 1907.=Lagopus mutus chamberlaini Clark. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 114, 1946.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 59131867. Adult male. Adak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. July 2,1893. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Lagopus mulus alkhensis TurnerProc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 5 : 227, August 5, 1882.85597. Adult male. Atka Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. May 29, 1879.Collected by Lucien McS. Turner.85598. Adult male. Atka Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 7, 1879.Collected by Lucien McS. Turner.85599. Adult female. Same data as No. 85598.85600. Adult female. Same data as No. 85597.Lagopus mutus yunaskensis Gabrielson and LincolnProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 63, April 13, 1951.
. Adult male. Yunaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June24, 1946. Collected by Ira N. Gabrielson. Deposited by Ira N. Gabriel-son, in whose private collection it is No. 5583.Lagopus rupeslris nelsoni StejnegerAuk 1 (3) : 226, July 1884.=Lagopus mutus nelsoni Stejneger. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 117, 119, 1946.73488 (not 93488). Adult male. Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands,Alaska. May 18, 1877. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Originalnumber 19.Lagopus leucurus rainierensis TaylorCondor 22 (4) : 146, August 10, 1920.269375. Adult female. Pinnacle Peak (at elev. 6,200 feet), MountRainier, Pierce County, Washington. July 19, 1919. Collected by Wal-ter P. Taylor. Original number 479. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Lagopus leucurus altipetens OsgoodAuk 18 (2): 180, April 1901.69774. Adult male (not female). Mount Blaine, Archuleta County, Colo-rado. September 3, 1874. Collected by Charles E. H. Aiken. Originalnumber 198. Geogr. and Geol. Expl. and Surv. West of the 100thMeridian.Genus TETRASTES Keyserling and BlasiusTetrastes bonasia amurensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 17, January 25, 1916.236907. Adult male. Near Imienpo (on the Harbin-Vladivostok railwayat lat. 45? N., long. 128? E.), Kirin Province, Manchuria. October14, 1914. Collected by Arthur de C. Sowerby. Original number 243.
60 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Tetrasles bonasia vicinitas RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 161, September 21, 1915.120574. Adult male. Hakodate, Hokkaido Island, Japan. November 22,1883. Collected by Harry V. Henson. Original number 59.Tetrastea sewerzowi secunda RileyAuk 42 (3) : 423, July 6, 1925.277457. Adult male. U Long Kong (at elev. 12,000 feet), about 10 milesfrom Tatsienlu, Szecbwan Province, China. July 28, 1923. Collectedby David C. Graham.Genus BONASA StephensBonasa umbellus phaios Aldrich and FriedmannCondor 45 (3) : 98, May 24, 1943.=Bonasa umbellus phaia Aldrich and Friedmann. See Friedmann, Birdsof North and Middle America 10: 178-179, 1946.158052. Adult male (gray phase). Priest River, Bonner County, Idaho.October 9, 1897. Collected by Robert T. Young. Original number324. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Bonasa umbellus incanus Aldrich and FriedmannCondor 45 (3) : 99, May 24, 1943.=Bonasa umbellus incana Aldrich and Friedmann. See Friedmann,Birds of North and Middle America 10: 179-182, 1946.155869. Adult male (brown phase). Barclay, Salt Lake County, Utah.May 1, 1897. Collected by Edward A. Preble. Original number 253.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Bonasa umbellus castaneus Aldrich and FriedmannCondor 45 (3) : 95, May 24, 1943.=Bonasa umbellus castanea Aldrich and Friedmann. See Friedmann,Birds of North and Middle America 10: 169-170, 1946.157949. Adult male (brown phase) . Olympic Mountains on the SoleduckRiver (at elev. 1,200 feet), Clallam County, Washington. August 29,1897. Collected by Vernon 0. Bailey. Original number 439. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Bonasa umbellus affinis Aldrich and FriedmannCondor 45 (3) : 97, May 24, 1943.95021. Adult male (gray phase). Fort Klamath, Klamath County,Oregon. October 28, 1882. Collected by Charles E. Bendire.Original number 254.Genus PEDIOECETES BairdPedioecetes phasianellus caurus FriedmannJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 190, June 15, 1943.298189. Adult male. Fairbanks, central Alaska. October 14 (not 19),1921. Collected by Olaus J. Murie. Original number 2666. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 61Pedioccetes Kennicotli SuckleyProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 361 (not earlier than November26), 1861.
=Pedioecetes phasianellus kennicotti (Suckley). See Friedmann, Journ.Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 191, 1943.22869. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Rae (on the eastern shore of theNorth Arm of Great Slave Lake), Mackenzie District, Northwest Terri-tories, Canada. November 15, 1860. Collected by Lawrence Clarke,Jr. Original number 102.Museum records show that Suckley must have seen literally dozens ofexamples of this bird from Fort Rae and Big Island, but almost all havevanished without trace. The present specimen (now mounted in the ex-hibition collection) was entered into the museum register some time betweenOctober 26 and December 26, 1861, and is probably one of the cotypes.Pedioecetes pliasianelliis campestris RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 93, April 10, 1884.76743. Adult male, Illinois. 1847. Received from the AmericanMuseum of Natural History (from the Daniel Giraud Elliott Col-lection?).Ridgway based this form upon two specimens, one of which, No. 19173,from Montana, is now considered to be an example of Pedioecetes phasia-nellus jamesi Lincoln.Genus TYMPANUCHUS GlogerTympanuchiis attwateri BendireForest and Stream 40: 425, May 18, 1893.=Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Bendire. See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 217-218, 1946.128480. Adult male. Refugio County, Texas. March 27, 1893. Col-lected by Henry P. Attwater.128481. Adult female. Twenty-five miles northeast of Rockport,Aransas County, Texas. April 25, 1893. Collected by Henry P.Attwater.Cupidonia cupido, var. pallidicincta Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5: 199, December 1873.
=T'ympanuchus pallidicinclus. (Ridgway). See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 219-222, 1946.10007. Adult male. Prairies of Texas, near lat. 32? N.; probably "notfar from the Clear Fork of the Brazos River near the site of the presenttown of Abilene," Taylor County, Texas {fide Bailey, Birds of NewMexico, p. 208, 1928). 185-. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the32nd Parallel, East.10005. Adult female. Other data as above.The original labels are missing, and those now borne by the specimensare of the modern period (one written in Riley's hand).
62 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ridgway suggested at the first description that the birds may have comefrom the Llanos Estacados of Texas and New Mexico; his surmise wasprobably based upon mention of the species' occurrence in those districts byCaptain Charles L. Taplin (see Bailey, loc. cit.) .Genus CENTROCERCUS SwainsonCentrocerciis urophasiaaus phaios AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 129, October 25, 1946,259861. Adult male. Fremont, Lake County, Oregon. August 21, 1914.Collected by Luther J. Goldman. Original number 106. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Family PHASIANIDAE: Quails, Pheasants, PeacocksGenus DENDRORTYX GouldDendrortyx macroura diversus FriedmannJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33 : 273, September 8, 1943.155936. Adult (male?). San Sebastian, northwest of Mascota, State ofJalisco, Mexico. March 28, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3984, Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dendrortyx macrourus griseipectiss NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 44, January 1897,=Dendrortjx macroura griseipectus Nelson. See Friedmann, Journ.Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 272-273, 1943.155560. Adult male. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico. December 30,1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 628. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dendrortyx macrourus striatus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 44, January 1897.=Dendrortyx macroura striatus Nelson. See Friedm.ann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 247-248, 1946.155567. Adult female. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero,Mexico. December 24, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson andEdward A. Goldman. Original number 2436. Received from U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Dendrortyx macrourus dilutus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 254, July 1900.=Dendrortyx macroura striatus Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 247-248, 1946.155562. Adult male. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. August2, 1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 290.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 63Dendrorlyx oaxacae NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 43, January 1897.=Dendrortyx macroura oaxacae Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 248, 1946.155565. Adult male. Totontepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. July 24, 1894.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2227. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus OREORTYX BairdOreortyx picta palmeri OberholserAuk 40 (1) : 84, January 10, 1923.^Oreortyx pictus palmeri Oberholser. See A.O.U. Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 5, p. 144, 1957.140847. Adult male. Yaquina, Lincoln County, Oregon. December 7,1893. Collected by Clark P. Streator. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Genus LOPHORTYX BonaparteLophortyx californicus bruunescens RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 94, April 10, 1884.2829. Adult male. "Santa Barbara"=San Francisco, San FranciscoCounty, California. "March 6, 1837." CoUected by "John K. Town-send." Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from JohnJ. Audubon.2830. Adult female. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired itfrom John J. Audubon.For a thorough discussion of No. 2829, see Grinnell, op. cit., pp. 269-270.Callipepla californica vallicola RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 355, September 17, 1885.
=Lophortyx californicus californicus (Shaw). See Grinnell, Condor33: 37, 1931; A.O.U. Checklist of North American birds, ed. 5, p. 142,1957.Condor 33:37, 1931.91763. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 5, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 19.91766. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 10, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 24.91767. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 24, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 67.91769. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 5, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 21.91770. Adult female. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 10, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 25.91771. Adult female. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 24, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 66.
64 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22191772. Adult female. Baird, Shasta County, California. April 26, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 8.91773. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. April 26, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 7.91971. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. July 7, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 251.91972. Adult female. Baird, Shasta County, California. June 30, 1883.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 222.95112. Adult female. Baird, Shasta County, California. November 16,1883. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 498.95113. Adult female. Baird, Shasta County, California. November 16,1883. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 499.This form was based upon birds "from the interior valleys of California,"without mention of a specific locality. In 1910 (A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 3, p. 136), Baird, Shasta County, was first given asrestricted type locality, and, perhaps at the same period, No. 91767 was setaside by Richmond as the type (see Grinnell Univ. California Publ. Zool.38:269, 1932). However, since all birds of the original series from thetype locality must be considered equivalent cotypes, no less than 13 speci-mens are concerned, of which 12 are here listed. The remaining example,No. 91764, was sent to Ludwig Molnar on September 2, 1893; its presentwhereabouts is unknown.Callipepla gambeli fiilvipectus NelsonAuk 16 (1):26, January 1899.=Lophortyx gambelii fulvipectus (Nelson). See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 296, 1946.164093. Adult male. Caraoa, on the Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico.November 7, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original num-ber 5959. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Lophortyx gambelii sanus MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 113, July 10, 1914.=Lophortyx gambelii sanus Mearns. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 297, 1946.236328. Adult male. Olathe, Montrose County, Colorado. December20, 1912. Collected by C. S. Slocum. Received from the ColoradoMuseum of Natural History, where it was No. 1210.Lophortyx gambelii ignoscens FriedmannJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 371, December 15, 1943.9363. Adult (sex not indicated). San Elizario, El Paso County, Texas.December 1855, Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Original num-ber 13. Mexican-United States International Boundary Commission.Callipepla elegans bensoni RidgwayForest and Stream 28: 106, March 3, 1887.
=Lophortyx douglasii bensoni (Ridgway) . See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 302-303, 1946.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 65110502. Adult male. "Campos"=about 18 miles north of Cumpas {fideBenson, in epist. February 11, 1887), State of Sonora, Mexico.February 3, 1887. Collected by Harry C. Benson. Original number 9.In the original description, Ridgway mentioned only that he had fivespecimens, but at a later date (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 148, July 2, 1887),he designated No. 110502 as the type.Lopliortyx douglasii inipedita FriedmannJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33 : 369, December 15, 1943.=Lophortyx douglasii impeditus Friedmann, fide Deignan (ms.).157369. Adult male. San Bias, State of Nayarit, Mexico. June 9, 1897.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 4455. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Lophoriyx douglasii teres FriedmannJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 369, December 15, 1943.155943. Adult male. Las Palmas, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March 31,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 4025. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus COLINUS GoldfussColinus virginianus aridus AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 67, June 25, 1942.158456. Adult male. Jaumave, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. June 3,1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Origi-nal number 5508. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Colinus virginianus maculatus NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 26, January 1899.158471. Adult male. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. May 16,1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 5357. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Ortyx graysoni LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 476 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.
=Colinus virginianus graysoni (Lawrence). See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 333-334, 1916.42562. Adult male. Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico. May 18
?
(entered into the museum register on October 25, 1866) . Collected byAndrew J. Grayson. Original number 498.Colinus graysoni nigripectus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 47, January 1897.=Colinus virginianus nigripectus Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 334-335, 1946.155522. Adult male. Atlixco, State of Puebia, Mexico. August 9, 1893.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1460. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
66 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Colinus godmani NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 45, January 1897.
==Colinus virginianus godmani Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 336-337, 1946.155493. Adult male. Jaltipan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. May 2, 1896.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 3719. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Colinus minor NelsonAuk 18 (1) : 47, January 1901.=Colinus virginianus minor Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 337-338, 1946.166362. Adult male. Palenque, State of Chiapas, Mexico. May 18 (notJune 1), 1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 7187. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Colinus insignis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 46, January 1897.=Colinus virginianus insignis Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 338-339, 1946.155516. Adult female. Nenton, Department of Huehuetenango, Guate-mala. December 16, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson andEdward A. Goldman. Original number 3299. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Colinus salvini NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 45, January 1897.=Colinus virginianus salvini Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 341-342, 1946.155503. Adult male. Tapachula, State of Chiapas, Mexico. March 10,1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Origi-nal number 3634. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Colinus nigrogularis coffini NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 45: 170, October 11, 1932.=Colinus nigrogularis nigrogularis (Gould). See Van Tyne and Traut-man, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 439: 2-4, 1941.302329. Adult male. La Libertad, Department of El Peten, Guatemala.September 10, 1923. Collected by Harry Malleis. Original number1115. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Colinus nigrogularis segoviensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 593, September 19, 1888.=Colinus nigrogularis nigrogularis (Gould). See Van Tyne and Traut-man, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 439: 2-4, 1941.112249. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua (the southbank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth, is contestedterritory). July 22, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Original number 2040.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 67Eupsychortyx pallidus Richmondin Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 657, August 12,1896.
=Colinus cristatus mocquerysi (Hartert). See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 259, 1942.151636. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 2, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson.Original number 384.Genus ODONTOPHORUS VieillotOdontophorus consobrinus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 469, July 21, 1893.=Odontophorus guttatus (Gould). See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 10: 373-377, 1946.44732. Adult female. Hacienda "Mirador" (near Huatusco, west ofVeracruz), State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. April 5, 18? (entered intothe museum register on December 4, 1861). Collected by FlorentinSartorius. Original number 278.Genus DACTYLORTYX Ogilvie-GrantDactylorlyx thoracicus sharpci NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 152, November 30, 1903.167737. Adult male. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. December31, 1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7421. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Dactylortyx devius NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 68, March 24, 1898.
=Dactylortyx thoracicus devius Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 10: 383-384, 1946.155938. Adult male. San Sebastian, northwest of Mascota, State ofJalisco, Mexico. March 17, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3905. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dactylortyx chiapensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 66, March 24, 1898.
==Dactylortyx thoracicus chiapensis Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 386-387, 1946.155539. Adult male. San Cristobal Las Casas, State of Chiapas, Mexico,September 25, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 3124. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.
68 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus CYRTONYX GouldCyrlonyx niontezuiuae meariisi NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 255, July 1900.142385. Adult male. Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona. April30, 1892. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Original number 15. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Cyrtoiiyx merrianii NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 48, January 1897.=Cyrtonyx montezumae merriami Nelson. See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 10: 398-399, 1946.155543. Adult male. Mount Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. March21, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 1830. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Cyrtonyx Suniiclirasti LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 : 51, December 1877.=Cyrtonyx oceUatus (Gould). See Friedmann, Birds of North and Mid-dle America 10: 400-403, 1946.76983. Adult male. Santa Efigenia, "a hacienda thirty leagues or so southof Tehuantepec, at the foot of the Cerro de la Gineta, and on the borderof the State of Chiapas" {fide Sumichrast, in Lawrence, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 4:6, 1876), State of Oaxaca, Mexico. February 1877. Collectedby Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 217.Lawrence published a translation of Sumichrast's description in advanceof receipt of the specimen ; the type was not entered into the museum registeruntil January 14, 1879.Genus FRANCOLINUS StephensFrancoIIniis grantii delsitesceiis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 3, April 17, 1911.
=Francolinus sephaena grantii Hartlaub. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153: 107, 1930.214748. Adult male. "On a high, wooded hill at the base of Mount Kenia,west of the camp on the N'joro or Kasorongai River, altitude 7000 feet,"Kenya Colony. October 19, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 17172. Smithsonian African Expedition.Francolinus africanus fricki FriedmannJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 18: 408, Aug. 19, 1928.
=Francolinus africanus ellenbecki Erlanger. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153: 113-114, 1930.243201. Adult male. Arussi Plateau (elev. 10,500 feet), Ethiopia.February 18, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number20301. Childs Frick African Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 69Francolimis africaiius friednianni Grant and Mackworth-PraedBull. Brit. Orn. Club 55: 16, October 30, 1934.243203. Adult female. Bodessa, soutliwestern Ethiopia. May 21, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 21866. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition.Francolimis grisescens MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 3, April 17, 1911.
=Francolinus icterorhynchus dyboivskii Oustalet. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 2: 78-79, 1934.216223. Adult female. Lokko Vegga (not Lokko Zegga), MongallaProvince, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (not Uganda Protectorate) . February13, 1910. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 18407.Smithsonian African Expedition.In the original description, Mearns defined his material as "six femalesfrom the upper Bahr el Jebel, near Lake Albert." While five came fromRhino Camp (on the White Nile at lat. 2?55' N.) and are thus from theUganda Protectorate, the actual type came from Lokko Vegga, a spot notshown on ordinary maps, but evidently located just north of the modernboundary between Uganda and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. That this deduc-tion is correct is implied by the fact that Jackson (Birds of Kenya Colonyand the Uganda Protectorate, 1938) ignores the locality and treats Mearns'race as extralimital.Francolinus hildebrandti helleri MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 381, January 19, 1915.217550. Adult male. Mount Lololokui, at elev. 6,000 feet ("twentymiles north-west of Archer's Post, near Uraguess, Northern Frontier,"fide Jackson, Birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectoratel:xxxii, 1938), Kenya Colony. September 21, 1911. Collected byEdmund Heller. Original number 382. Rainey African Expedition,19n.Francolinus schuetti maranensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 1, December 23, 1910.
=Francolinus squamatus maranensis Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus.Bull. 153:120, 1930.117819. Adult male. "Maranu"=Marangu (elev. 5,000 feet), MountKilimanjaro, Tanganyika Territory. April 5, 1888. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Francolinus schuetti kapitensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 2, December 23, 1910.=Francolinus squamatus maranensis Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus.Bull. 153:120, 1930.213421. Adult (sex not indicated). Juja Farm, near the Athi River,elev. about 4,200 feet ("about thirty miles north-east of Nairobi," fide
70 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Jackson, Birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate 1 : xxvdii,1938), Kenya Colony. May 24, 1909. Collected by John A. Loring.Original number 111. Smithsonian African Expedition.Francolinus schuetti keniensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 2, December 23, 1910.
=Francolinus squamatus maranensis Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus.Bull. 153:120, 1930.214739. Adult male. Nyeri (elev. 5,943 feet), at the base of MountKenya, Kenya Colony. September 16, 1909. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 16828. Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus PTERNISTIS WaglerPternisles leucoscepus kilimensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 2, April 17, 1911.
=Pternistis leucoscepus infuscatus Cabanis. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2: 87, 1934.117817. Adult female. Region of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanganyika Ter-ritory. 1888 or 1839. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pternisles leucoscepus keniensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 1, April 17, 1911.
=Pternistis leucoscepus keniensis Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus.BuU. 153:127, 1930.214721. Adult male. "On the west slope of Mount Kenia, on the N'joroor Kasorongai River" (at elev. 6,500 feet), Kenya Colony. October18, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 17164.Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus PERDIX BrissonPerdix daurica turcomana StolzmannBull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou (new ser.) 11: 79, 1898.=Perdix barbata turcomana Stolzmann. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 89, 1934.159722. Adult male. Gulcha (elev. 6,000 feet), Kirghiz S.S. Republic,U.S.S.R. December 5, 1894. Collected by Thomas Barey. Receivedfrom the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.This form was based upon a series of five males and one female fromGulcha in what is now the Kirghiz S.S. Republic (not Kulja in Sinkiang).Formal description did not appear before 1898, while the bird here listedwas entered into the museum register as early as June 23, 1897, but its claimto cotypeship is confirmed by the fact that, in correspondence betweenStolzmann and Ridgway, the name turcomana occurred as early as April1897. Our specimen must then have formed part of the series at the timethe name turcomana was first set in MS. The oldest label bears the name
"Perdix daurica (Pall.)" in Stolzmann's hand, to which, on or about June23, 1897, Richmond added "turcomana Stolz."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 71Stokmann and Domaniewski have established No. P. 2279 of the PolishMuseum of Natural History as a lectotype (Ann. Zool, Mas. Polon. Hist.Nat. 6: 101, 1927) ; their action does not invalidate the status of our speci-men as a cotype. Genus EXCALFACTORIA BonaparteExcalfactoria trinkutensis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 25: 310, September 17, 1902.
=Excalfactoria chinensis trinkutensis Richmond. See Stuart Baker,Fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, 5: 371, 1928.178575. Adult female. Trinkat Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengalnorthwest of Sumatra. February 4, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Excalfactoria chinensis palmeri RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 93, May 20, 1919.219195. Adult male. Daru, Bantam Residency, West Java. June 20, 1909.Collected by William Palmer. Original number 1000. Bryant JavaExpedition. Genus ARBOROPHILA HodgsonArborophila diversa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 189, November 29, 1930.
=Arborophila cambodiana Delacour and Jabouille, fide Deignan, MS.324093. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102^15' E.),near Chanthaburi, southeastern Siam. January 8, 1930. Collected byHugh McC. Smith. Original number 3630.Genus ITHAGINIS WaglerIthaginis rocki RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 9, January 27, 1925.
=Ithaginis cruentus rocki Riley. See Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 33: 213,1926.296085. Adult male. Mountains of Hofuping, Mekong Watershed, north-western Yunnan Province, China. November 1923. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1351.Genus PHASIANUS LinnaeusPhasianus karpowi buturlini ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 468, June 15, 1907.
=Phasianus colchicus karpowi Buturlin. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlistof the Japanese birds, rev., p. 164, 1932.114627. Adult male. Tsushima, an island in the Korea Strait, NagasakiPrefecture, Japan. May 21, 1885. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Origi-nal number 1514.500936?61 6
72 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family MELEAGRIDIDAE: TurkeysGenus MELEAGRIS LinnaeusMeleagris gallopavo nierriami NelsonAuk 17 (2) : 120, April 1900.165898. Adult male. Mountains of Coconino County, Arizona, 47 milessouthwest of Winslow, Navajo County, Arizona. January 9, 1900.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 6654. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Order GRUIFORMES: Cranes, Rails, and AlliesFamily TURNICIDAE: HemipodesGenus TURNIX BonnaterreTurnix suluensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 83, February 21, 1905.=Turnix sylvatica suluensis Mearns. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2: 144,1934.191433. Adult female. "Jolo, island of Sulu"=Jol6, Jolo Island, SuliiProvince, Philippine Islands. November 25, 1903. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13141.Turnix suscitator thai DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 36 (11) : 390, November 20, 1946.332637. Adult female. Nong (or Bung) Boraphet (lat. 15?43' N., long.100?14' E.), near Ban Pak Nam Pho, central Siam. March 24, 1933.Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 6195.Turnix suscitator machetes DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 36 (11) : 391, November 20, 1946.=Turnix suscitator kuiperi Chasen, fide Deignan (ms.) .181 157. Adult female. Siak River, east-central Sumatra. December 20,1906. Collected by William L. Abbott.Family GRUIDAE: CranesGenus GRUS PallasGrus fralerculus "Cassin" Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xlv,656, 1858.=Grus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus). See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 9: 14, 19, 1941.10378. Immature (sex not indicated). Albuquerque, Bernalillo County,New Mexico. October 1853. Collected by Heinrich B. Mollhausen.Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 35th Parallel.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 73Family RALLIDAE: Rails, Coots, GallinulesGenus RALLUS LinnaeusRallus luridus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 223, "pi. LXiii, fig. 1,"1848.
=Rallus sanguinolentus luridus Peale. See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 318, 1942.15423. Adult (sex not indicated). Orange Bay (the southwestern exten-sion of Nassau Bay, between Hardy Peninsula of Hoste Island andBurnt Island of the Wollaston Group), Territory of Magallanes, Chile.1839. Original number 621. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15425. Subadult (sex not indicated) . Orange Bay, Territory of Magal-lanes, Chile. 1839. Original number 621. U.S. Exploring Expe-dition (1838-1842).No. 15423 was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences on January 28,1881, and was returned to the U.S. National Museum in 1919.Rallus elegans, var. obsoletus RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8: 111, February 1874.
=Rallus longirostris obsoletus Ridgway. See Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 84: 340, 1937.6444. Adult (sex not indicated). San Francisco, San Francisco County,California. March 1857. Collected by George Suckley. Originalnumber 603.Rallus beldingi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 345, September 11, 1882.
=Rallus longirostris beldingi Ridgway. See Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 84: 338, 1937.86419. Adult female. Espiritu Santo Island (lat. 24?30' N.), off theeastern coast of the State of Baja California, Mexico. February 1,1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.Rallus elegans var. tenulrostris "Lawrence" RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8: 111, February 1874.=RaUus longirostris tenuirostris Ridgway. See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 84: 336, 1937.52849. Adult (sex not indicated). Valley of Mexico. Entered into themuseum register on November 4, 1868. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number 552.Richmond (ms.) points out that, while Ridgway says "Type, from cityof Mexico, in cabinet of Mr. Lawrence," Lawrence's bird can only be the
"type" of a manuscript name; the specimen here listed is the one actuallydescribed by Ridgway and is therefore the only real type.
74 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETEN" 221Rallus longirostris helius OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 33, July 24, 1920.
=Ralltts longirostris insularum W. S. Brooks. See Oberholser, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 84: 348, 1937.255254. Adult male. Sixth key in the New Found Harbor group, south-west of Big Pine Key, Monroe County, Florida. May 12, 1919. Col-lected by Paul Bartsch.[Rallus longirostris] c. var. caribaeus RidgwayBull. Nuttall Orn. Club 5 (3) : 140, July 1880.=Rallus longirostris caribaeus Ridgway. See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 84: 334, 1937.22222. Adult male. Near Spanish Town, St. Catherine Parish, Middle-sex County, Jamaica. Entered into the museum register on May 30,1861. Collected by William T. March.22225. Adult female. Near Spanish Town, St. Catherine Parish, Middle-sex County, Jamaica. Entered into the museum register on May 30,1861. Collected by William T. March.This form was described simply as from the "West Indies." On April12, 1906, Ridgway informed Richmond that he "thought" the type was fromJamaica, and Jamaica has been in any case generally accepted as the typelocality. Richmond selected No. 22222 as the type, but that specimen hasno better claim than No. 22225, with the same data and received in Wash-ington at the same time. No. 22224 was sent to Buenos Aires more thaneight years before the race was named. No. 22223 may have been a cotype,but it has vanished without trace.Rallus longiroslris vafer WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 121, June 29, 1928.252915. Adult male. Etroites, lie de la Gonave, Haiti. March 18, 1920.Collected by William L. Abbott.Rallus longirostris lininetis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 84: 326, June 30, 1937.232261. Adult male. Punta Picua, near Mameyes, Rio Grande Munici-pality, northeastern Puerto Rico. February 12, 1912. Collected byAlexander Wetmore. Original number 1225. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Rallus longirostris manglecola DanforthProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 19, February 9, 1934.334249. Adult male. Five Islands, off Antigua Island, Leeward Islands,Caribbean Sea. August 10, 1933. Collected by Stuart T. Danforth.Original number 1005. Received from Stuart T. Danforth.Rallus longirostris phelpsi WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 203, December 8, 1941.368583. Adult male. La Laguna de Tucacas, at Puerto Lopez, Com-isaria de La Guajira, Colombia. April 23, 1941. Collected by
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 75Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number11567.Rallus elegans ramsdeui RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26: 83, March 22, 1913.233478. Adult male. San Carlos, near Guantanamo, Oriente Province,Cuba. May 4, 1910. Collected by Charles T. Ramsden.Rallus jouyi or Hypotaenidia jouyi StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 362, February 10, 1887.
=Rallus striatus jouyi Stejneger. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94:327,1944.85751. Adult male. Shanghai, Kiangsu Province, China. July 5, 1881.Collected by D. C. Jansen. Received from Pierre L. Jouy, who ac-quired it from the Shanghai Museum. Jouy's original number 72.Hypotaenidia striata reliqua OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55 : 476, June 5, 1919.
=Rallus striatus gularis Horsfield. See Ripley, BuU. Mus. Comp. Zool.94: 327, 1944.179013. Adult female. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 12, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Hypotaenidia striata paraterma OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 295, July 19, 1924.=RaUus striatus striatus Linnaeus. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 2: 163 (footnote 2), 1934.161078. Adult female. Samar Island, Philippine Islands. April 18,1888. Collected by Frank S. Bourns. Received from Dean C.Worcester. Genus DRYOLIMNAS Bowdler SharpeRougetius abbotti RIdgwayAuk 11 (1) : 74, January 1894.=Dryolimnas cuvieri abbotti (Ridgvvay). See Peters, Checklist of birdsofthevvorld2: 170,1934.128826. Adult male. Assumption Island, Aldabra Islands, westernIndian Ocean north of Madagascar. September 18, 1892. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Rougetius aldabranus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 598, August 16, 1893 (advance sheet).=Dryolimnas cuvieri aldabranus (Giinther). See Ridgway, Auk 11: 74,1894; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 2: 170, 1934.128835. Adult male. Aldabra Island, Aldabra Islands, western IndianOcean north of Madagascar. October 10, 1892. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
76 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus RALLINA G. R. GrayEuryzoiiia sepiaria StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 395, November 3, 1887.
=Rallina eurizonoides sepiaria (Stejneger). See Kuroda, Avifauna ofthe Riu Kiu Islands, p. 195, 1925.110975. Adult female. "Yayeyama Island"=either Ishigaki Island orIriomote Island (probably the former, fide Kuroda, op. cit.), southernLiu Kiu (Ryukyu) Islands, East China Sea. February 3, 1887.Collected by J. Nishi, Original number 19. Received from the TokyoEducational Museum.Genus ARAMIDES PucheranAramides pliimbeicollis ZeledonAnales del Museo Nacional, Costa Rica 2 : 3, 1888.=Aramides cajanea plumbeicollis Zeledon. See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 9: 119, 120, 1941.113603. Adult male. Jimenez (a railway station at lat. 10? 12' N., long.83?44' W.) , Province of Limon, Costa Rica. August 1887. Collectedby Anastasio Alfaro. Original number 2071. Received from theMuseo Nacional de Costa Rica.Aramides cajanea niorrisoiii WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 50, March 11, 1946.376059. Adult male. San Jose Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama.May 21, 1944. Collected by Joseph P. E. Morrison. Original number160. Genus NESOTROCHIS WetmoreNesotrochis debooyi WetmoreProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 516, pi. 82, figs. 1, 2, November 21, 1918.225845. Right femur. Kitchen midden at Magen's Bay, Saint ThomasIsland, Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea. December 1916. Collected byTheodoor De Booy. Received from the Heye Foundation.Genus PORZANA VieillotPorzana pusilla mira RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 95, May 19, 1938.181740. Adult female. Tenggarong (on the Mahakam River at lat.0?24' S., long. 116?58' E.), Borneo. June 25, 1912. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 67.Porzana flaviventris hendersoni BartschProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30: 131, July 27, 1917.=Porzana flaviventer hendersoni Bartsch. See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 9: 147, 1941.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 77253731. Adult female. Trou Caiman, Haiti. April 4, 1917. Collectedby Paul Bartsch. Original number 101.Porzana phaeopyga StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 394, November 3, 1887.=Porzana fusca phaeopyga Stejneger. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 186, 1934.110976. Adult male. "Yayeyama Island"=either Ishigaki Island orIriomote Island (probably the former, fide Kuroda, Avifauna of theRiu Kiu Islands, p. 198, 1925), southern Liu Kiu (Ryukyu) Islands,East China Sea. February 3, 1887. Collected by J. Nishi. Originalnumber 18. Received from the Tokyo Educational Museum.Porzana vitiensis HartlaubJourn. fiir Orn. 2: 169 (not earlier than March), 1854.Zapornia umbrina CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8:254 (not earlier than October28), 1856.=Porzana tabuensis vitiensis Hartlaub. See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld2: 187,1934.15720. Adult (sex not indicated). Ovalau Island (lat. 17?40' S., long.178?52' E.), Fiji Islands, Oceania. 1840. Original number 622. U.S.Exploring Expedition ( 1838-1842 )
.
Both Porzana vitiensis Hartlaub and Zapornia umbrina Cassin are newnames for "Zapornia spilonota, Gould" of Peale 1848, not Zaporniaspilonota Gould 1841.Although Cassin referred to "specimens," his MS. list indicates that hehad but one, and Peale himself said that "a single specimen was obtained atOvolau." Genus LATERALLUS G. R. GrayPorzana Jamaicensis, var. colurniculus "Baird" RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8: 111, February 1874.
=Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus (Ridgway). See Friedmann, Birdsof North and Middle America 9: 157, 158, 1941.12862. Immature (sex not indicated). Farallon Islands, San FranciscoCounty, California. Entered into the museum register on October 13,1859. Received from T. C. (not G.) Martin, of Lawrence, Massa-chusetts.This type has been discussed by Brewster (Auk 24: 206-207, 1907), andby Grinnell (Univ- California Publ. Zool. 38: 271, 1932)
.
Creciscus murivagans RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 104, June 6, 1916.
=Laterallus jamaicensis murivagans (Riley). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 370, 1942.
78 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221159769. Adult male. Lima, Department of Lima, Peru. October 1,1889. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Original number 118. Receivedfrom the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.Porzana exilis vagaiis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 595, September 19, 1888.
=Laterallus exilis (Temminck). See Friedmann, Birds of North andMiddle America 9: 162, 164, 1941.112255. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua (the southbank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth, is con-tested territory) . June 17, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Original niunber 1959.Porzana leucogastra Ridg^vayin Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 408 (footnote), April 26, 1884.
=Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps (Lawrence). See Friedmann, Birdsof North and Middle America 9: 164, 166, 1941.91302. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan, ca.30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. May 10, 1883. Collected by Charles C.Nutting. Original number 894.Porzana cinereiceps LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 11: 90, February 1875.
=Laterallus albigularis cinereiceps (Lawrence). See Friedmann, Birdsof North and Middle America 9: 164, 166, 1941.67904. Adult female. "Talamanca"=( probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). May 1, 1874. Collected by Juan Cooper. Original num-ber 216. Received from William M. Gabb.Porzana alfari [sic] Ridg^vayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 111, July 2, 1887.
=Laterallus albigularis albigularis (Lawrence). See Friedmann, Birdsof North and Middle America 9: 166, 168, 1941.111456. Adult female. Las Trojas, Province of Guanacaste (or Punta-renas?), Costa Rica. February 1886. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro.Original number 605. Received from the Museo Nacional de CostaRica.Laterallus albigularis cerdaleus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 71: 1, April 11, 1958.386782. Adult male. Mamotoco (four miles east of Santa Maria), De-partment of Magdalena, Colombia. January 3, 1946. Collected byMelbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 7374.Creciscus ruber tamaulipensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 105, August 25, 1926.
=Laterallus ruber tamaulipensis (Nelson). See Friedmann, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 9: 168, 1941.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 79299086. Adult male. "A marsh covering thousands of acres overgrownwith cat-tail flags in a great fresh water lagoon near the Tamesi Riverat Aha Mira," State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. March 8, 1926. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Origineil number 16260. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus COTURNICOPS G. R. GrayPorzana goldmaiii NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 151, October 6, 1904.
=Coturnicops noveboracensis goldmani (Nelson). See Friedmann,Birds of North and Middle America 9: 179, 180, 1941.193712. Adult? male. Lerma (about 10 miles east of Toluca), State ofMexico, Mexico. July 11, 1904. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 10994. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus SAROTHRURA HeineSarothrura loringi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13) : 8, November 26, 1915.
==Sarothrura elegans loringi Mearns. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2: 196, 1934.214680. Aduk female. West side of Mount Kenya (at elev. 8,500 feet),Kenya Colony. October 13, 1909. Collected by John A. Loring.Original number 438 (original label) or 439 (museum label). Smith-sonian African Expedition.Genus AMAURORNIS ReichenbachAniaurornis phoeniciira cleptea OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 2, October 26, 1912.=Amaurornis phoenicurus javanica (Horsfield). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp.Zool.94:327,1944.180786, Adult female. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 11, 1905. Collected byWilUam L. Abbott.Genus GALLINULA BrissonGallinula sandviccnsis StreetsIbis (4) 1 : 25, text-fig., January 1877.
=Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis Streets. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2:204, 1934.67361. Adult (sex not indicated). Honolulu, Oahu Island, HawaiianIslands, Oceania. February 1874. Collected by Thomas H. Streets.
so U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Gallinula chloropus porloricensis DanforthAuk 42 (4) : 560, October 6, 1925.
=Gallinula chloropus cerceris Bangs. See Friedmann, Birds of Northand Middle America 9: 190, 192, 1941.313945. Adult male. Cartagena Lagoon (lat. 18?0r N., long. 67?06'W.), Puerto Rico. January 14, 1924. Collected by Stuart T. Dan-forth. Original number 17. Received from Cornell UniversityMuseum, where it was No. 2288.Genus PORPHYRIO BrissonPorphyrio vitiensis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 221, "pi. lxii, fig. 2,"1848.
=Porphyrio porphyrio vitiensis Peale. See Mayr, Birds of the South-west Pacific, p. 129, 1945.15406. Immature (sex not indicated). Ovalau Island (lat. 17?40' S.,long. 178?52' E.), Fiji Islands, Oceania. 1840. Original number611. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15488. Immature (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 15406.Peale stated that but two specimens of this form were obtained by theExpedition.Porphyrio samoensis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 220, "pi. LXn, fig. 1,"1848.
=Porphyrio porphyrio samoensis Peale. See Mayr, Birds of the South-west Pacific, p. Ill, 1945.15404. Adult (sex not indicated). Upolu Island (lat. 13?46' S., long.171 ?20' W.), Samoan Islands, Oceania. Original number 610. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15409. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 15404.15413. Adult female. Same data as No. 15404.While Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but four specimens, there arein fact entries for five in the museum register. No. 15485 was sent in 1870to the Chicago Academy of Sciences; No. 15487 was sent long ago to theBoston Society of Natural History and is now No. 74364 of the Museum ofComparative Zoology. Genus FULICA LinnaeusFulica alai PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Manmi. and Orn.) : 224, "pi. LXiii, fig.2," 1848.
=Fulica americana alai Peale. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 2: 212, 1934.15489. Adult (sex not indicated). Hawaiian Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 612. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 8115497. Immature (sex not indicated). Hawaiian Islands, Oceania.Original number 612. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Peale referred to four specimens, but only three were ever entered intothe museum register, and Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but three.No. 15715 was sent long ago to the Boston Society of Natural History andis now preserved at the Museum of Comparative Zoology (where it is No.74363).Fulica americana grenadensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 103, June 6, 1916.
=Fulica americana americana Gmelin. See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, p. 32, footnote 24, 1940.84849. Adult female. lie Ronde, just north of Grenada, WindwardIslands, Caribbean Sea. May 9, 1881. Collected by John G. Wells.Original number 44.Fulica caribasa RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 358, October 3, 1884.81020. Adult male. Saint John Island, Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea.Entered into the museum register on October 23, 1880. Collected byFrederick A. Ober. Original number 80.81021. Adult female. Saint John Island, Virgin Islands, Caribbean Sea.Entered into the museum register on October 23, 1880. Collected byFrederick A. Ober. Original number 78.Ridgway's diagnosis was based upon three specimens from two localitiesand is so worded that all seem to be cotypes. However, of the three, onlyNos. 81020 and 81021 bear on their labels (in Ridgway's hand) the word
"Type," and since there is reason to believe that this was written at the timeof description, No. 82492, from Guadeloupe, evidently ranked in Ridgway'smind as a mere paratype.Fulica caribaea major DanforthAuk 42 (4) : 561, October 6, 1925.=Fulica caribaea Ridgway. See Friedmann, Birds of North and MiddleAmerica 9: 222, 224, 1941.313944. Adult male. Cartagena Lagoon (lat. 18?01' N., long. 67?06'W.), Puerto Rico. January 14, 1924. Collected by Stuart T. Dan-forth. Original number 16. Received from the Cornell UniversityMuseum, where it was No. 2291.Order CHARADRIIFORMES: Shore-birds, Gulls, AuksFamify HAEMATOPODIDAE: Oyster-catchersGenus HAEMATOPUS LinnaeusHaematopus galapagensis RidgwayAuk 3 (3): 331, July 1886.=Haematopus ostralegus galapagensis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 2 : 232, 1934.
82 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221101319. Adult (sex not indicated). Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands,eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. August 16, 1884. Collected byWilliam H. Jones. Original number 64.Family GHARADRIIDAE: Plovers, Turnstones, Surf-birdsGenus BELONOPTERUS ReichenbachVanellus occidentalis HartingProc. Zool. Soc. London for 1874, pp. 450, 451, October 1874.=Belonopterus chilensis chilensis (Molina). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2: 236, 1934.107085. Adult male. Chile. June 1871. Received from Henry See-bohm, who acquired it from J. E. Harting.107086. Adult male. Chile. June 1872. Received from Henry See-bohm, who acquired it from J. E. Harting.Harting had "a considerable number of specimens of the Lapwing ofChili," but the exact number cannot now be known. A specimen in theBritish Museum, ex Seebohm Collection, is listed as the type (Catalogue ofthe birds in the British Museum 24: 735, 1896), but its claim is no betterthan that of the birds in the U.S. National Museum. Each of these speci-mens bears Harting's private label, with a reference to the description ofoccidentalis cited above.Genus STEPHANIBYX ReichenbachStephanibyx corouatus suspicax FriedmannProc. New England Zool. Club 10: 95, November 13, 1928.243104. Adult male. Sadi Malka (at the point where the Jibuti-AddisAbaba railway crosses the Hawash River), Ethiopia. February 3,1912. Collected by Edgar A. Meams. Original number 20070.Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Genus ZONIFER Bowdler SharpeCharadrius vanelloides PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 240, "pi. Lxvn, fig.1," 1848.
=Zonifer tricolor ( Vieillot) . See Mathews, Birds of Australia, suppl. 1,p. 34, 1920.15368. Adult female. Argyle County, New South Wales. Original nimi-ber648. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15369. Adult male. Argyle County, New South Wales. Original num-ber 648. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 83Genus CHARADRIUS Linnaeusi^gialitis melodus, var. circumcinctus RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8: 109, February 1874.
==Charadrius melodus circumcinctus (Ridgway). See Oberholser, Birdlife of Louisiana, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull., p. 216, 1938.9035. Adult male. "Loup Fork, Platte Valley," Nebraska== tbe con-fluence of the Loup River with the Platte, where Platte, Polk, and ButlerCounties meet. July 8, 18? (entered into the museum register onFebruary 16, 1858). Collected by Ferdinand V. Hayden. Explora-tion of the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone.The party spent more than one month in the general locality, and somespecimens were labeled "on Loup Fork near Platte"; the type, however,was taken on the day of their arrival, and therefore came either from thePlatte itself or from the very mouth of the Loup./^gialitis microrhynchus RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8: 109, February 1874.
=Charadrius dubius curonicus Gmelin. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 318, 1932.39523. Adult (sex not indicated) in nonbreedmg plumage. "San Fran-cisco, Cal." Entered into the museum register on November 8, 1865.Collected by "E. F. Lorquin." Original number 54.This was one of a large collection of birds from California, all bearingidentical data. Since the form is otherwise unknown from the New World,Grinnell [op. cit.) doubts the authenticity of the type locality, pointing outthat Lorquin was a dealer who may easily have obtained the specimen froman Old-World source.Charadrius alexandrinus nilionensis DeignanJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 31: 106, March 17, 1941.95938. Adult male. Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan.April 23, 1876. Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original num-ber 1948.i^gialilJs albidipectes [sic] RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 526, April 3, 1883.
=Charadrius alexandrinus tenellus Hartlaub, fide J. P. Chapin (in epist.after examination of the type)
.
26997. Adult (sex not indicated). "Chili, S. Am."=Madagascar. Re-ceived from the National Institute.Seebohm (Geographical distribution of the family Charadriidae, p. 162,1887) placed Ridgway's name in synonymy with the South African Chara-drius marginaius Vieillot, and was followed in this course by Ridgway him-self (Birds of North and Middle America 8: 115 [footnote], 1919). Thebird apparently belongs, however, to the Malagasy race, as was surmisedlong ago by Reichenow (Vogel Afrikas 1: 171, 1900).
84 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221/^gialiiis thoracica RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 10: 53, March 14, 1896.
=Charadrius thoracicus (Richmond). See Rand, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 72: 352, 1936.151174. Adult female. "Loholoka, east coast of Madagascar" (evidentlya coastal village somewhere between the Faraony River, which entersthe Indian Ocean at lat. 21?50' S. and the Namorona River, next to theNorth). June 3, 1895. Collected by William L. Abbott.^gialitis pamireiisis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 589, July 25, 1896.
=Charadrius mongolus pamirensis (Richmond). See Sudilovskaia,Arch. Mus. Zool. Univ. Moscou 1: 109, 1934.150169. Adult male. Tagdumbash Pamir (at elev. 12,000 feet), Sinkiang(near the point where it meets Afghanistan and Kashmir). June 16,1894. Collected by William L. Abbott.i^gialitis Wilsonius, var. riifinucha RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8 : 109, February 1874.
=Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia Ord. See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, p. 35, 1940.30319. Adult male. Great Salt Pond, near Spanish Town, St. CatherineParish, Middlesex County, Jamaica. April 1863. Collected byWilliam T. March. Original number 260.26853. Adult female. Near Spanish Town, St. Catherine Parish,Middlesex County, Jamaica. December 20, 1862 (not 1861). Col-lected by William T. March. Original number 103.Pagolla wilsonia beldingi RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 8: 108 (in key), 112, 1919.
=Charadrius wilsonia beldingi (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2 : 254, 1934.86424. Adult male. La Paz, State of Baja California, Mexico. Decem-ber 21, 1881. Collected by Lyman Belding.Pagolla wilsonia cinnamomina RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 8: 108 (in key), 113, 1919.
=Charadrius tvilsonia cinnamominus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 2: 254, 1934.97919. Adult female. Sabanilla, Department of Atlantico, Colombia.March 16-27, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and Willard Nye,Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Family SCOLOPACTDAE: Snipes, Woodcocks, SandpipersGenus AECHMORHYNCHUS CouesTringa parvirostris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamtn. and Orn.) : 235, "pi. LXVi, fig. 2,"1848.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 85
=Aechmorhynchus parvirostris (Peale). See Wetmore, in Townsendand Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63: 182-183, 1919.15319. Adult (sex not indicated). Honden Island=Pukapuka Island(lat. 14?56' S., long. 138?48' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. August21, 1839. Collected by Titian R. Peale. Original number 640. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15721. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15319.15722. Adult female. Same data as No. 15319.Cassin's MS. list and the entries in the museum register indicate thatPeale had five specimens. Of the two no longer in the collection, No.57426 was sent in 1870 to the Chicago Academy of Sciences and was doubt-less destroyed in the Great Fire; No. 15322 went to the Boston Society ofNatural History and eventually reached the Museum of ComparativeZoology, where it became No. 72156.Peale mentioned that the species was also "observed" at Raraka, anotherof the Tuamotus, which was visited on August 30, 1839, but there is noreason to believe that any specimen was collected there.Genus NUMENIUS BrissonNumenius fenioralis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 233, "pi. lxvi, fig. 1,"1848.=Numenius tahitiensis (Gmelin). See Bowdler Sharpe, Catalogue ofthe birds in the British Museum 24: 367, 1896.15377. Adult female. Vincennes Island=Kauehi Island {ca. lat. 16?00'S., long. 145 ?09' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. September 1839.Original number 633. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15378. Adult female. Same data as No. 15377.15379. Adult female. Same data as No. 15377.15380. Adult female. Same data as No. 15377.15727. Adult male. Same data as No. 15377.Cassin's MS. list and the museum register indicate that Peale had fivespecimens of this form. Stejneger (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 84, 1887) hasreferred to No. 15379 as the type; Richmond (ms.) says "the male ought tohave precedence in this respect," and so designates No. 15727 as the type.All five are of course cotypes.Genus LIMOSA BrissonLimosa foxii PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 231, "pi. Lxv," 1848.=Limosa lapponica novaezealandiae G. R. Gray, fide Deignan (ms.).15367. Adult (sex not indicated). Rose Island (lat. 14?31'30" S., long.168?08'30" W.), Samoan Islands, Oceania. Collected by J. L. Fox.Original number 630. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
86 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BtTLLETIN 221Genus TRINGA LiimaeusTotauus totaiius euriiinus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 207, April 23, 1900.=Tringa totanus eurhinus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 265, 1934.162823. Adult male. Tso Morari=Charaomeril Lake (elev. 15,000 feet),Rupshu District, southeastern Kashmir. July 29, 1897. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Glottis Floridasius BonaparteGeographical and comparative list of the birds of Europe and NorthAmerica, p. 51, April 14, 1838 (based on Audubon, pi. 346 [not 269] ).=Tringa nebularia (Gunnerus). See Howell, Florida Bird Life, pp.235-236, 1932; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 2:266, 1934.1975. Adult male. Sandy Key (just south of Cape Sable), MonroeCounty, Florida. May 28, 1832. Collected by John J. Audubon.Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from Audubon.Howell {loc. cit.) tells all that is known of the history of this specimen,one of three shot from the same flock. It may be added to his account thatthere is no doubt of the bird's having been obtained by Baird fromAudubon. Genus CATOPTROPHORUS BonaparteC[aloplropIiorus]. s[einipalinatus]. longicaudis \_sic\ DanforthJourn. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico 10: 76, 1925 or 1926.
=Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus (Gmelin). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 2: 270, 1934.313947. Adult female. Boqueron, Cabo Rojo Municipality, Puerto Rico.February 22, 1924. Collected by Stuart T. Danforth. Original num-ber 23. Received from the Cornell University Museum, where it wasNo. 2327 (not 2326).Although Danforth had two specimens with identical data, only one,
"Cornell University Collection No. 2326," was designated as type. No.2327 is the one, however, which bears the words "Type Specimen" in Dan-forth's hand. Genus HETEROSCELUS BairdTotanus polynesiae PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 237, "pi. LXV, fig. 1,"1848.
=Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 8: 367, 371, 1919.15724. Adult male (in nuptial plumage). Fiji Islands, Oceania.Original number 639. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 8715725. Adult male (in nuptial plumage). Tahiti, Society Islands,Oceania. Original number 639. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
15384. Adult female (in winter plumage). Upolu Island (lat. 13?46' S.,long. 171?20' W.), Samoan Islands, Oceania. Original number 639.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15385. Adult female (in winter plumage). Honden Island=PukapukaIsland (lat. 14?56' S., long. 138?48' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania.Original number 639. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Cassin's MS. list and the entries in the museum register indicate that Pealehad nine specimens, of which only four are here listed. Nos. 15383, 15386,and 15398 are no longer to be found in the collection, but one of these mustbe the cotype now preserved in the Museum of Comparative Zoology as No.75668. Nos. 15723 and 15726 were sent to the Chicago Academy of Sci-ences in 1870 and were later destroyed in the Great Fire. No. 15725 wassent to the same institution in 1881, but was returned to the NationalMuseum in 1919.Peale stated that his descriptions and measurements were taken from thelargest specimens, and that the male was from the Fijis, the female fromDog Island. Richmond selected No. 15724, a male from the Fijis, as thetype, but it cannot be shown that this specimen is larger than some of themissing birds (one a male, two without indication of sex) from localitiesnow unknown. Likewise, No. 15385, a female from Dog Island, may not belarger than the missing No. 15398, which bore identical data, to say nothingof the two lost skins for which we have neither locality nor sex.Under the circumstances, while some of the birds still in existence mayreally be cotypes, we can be certain only of their paratypeship.Genus APHRIZA AudubonCharadrius Winterfeldti von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 9 : 388, 1843.=Aphriza virgata (Gmelin). See Friedmann and Deignan, Zoologica,New York, 27: 49, 1942.41933. Adult (sex not indicated). "In Oceani Magni littoribus"=Val-paraiso, Aconcagua Province, Chile {fide museum register). Col-lected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Received from the NeuchatelMuseum.The label of the Neuchatel Museum cannot now be found, but the speci-men was entered into the register as "Charadrius winterfeldtii" from "Val-paraiso," and these data must have been copied from it.Genus COENOCORYPHA G. R. GrayScolopax Holmesii "T. R. Peale MS." PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 229 (in synonymyunder Gallinago aucklandica) , 1848.B0093ft?61 7
88 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Coenocorypha aucklandica aucklandica (G. R. Gray). See BowdlerSharpe, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 24:661,662,1896; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 2: 273, 1934.15480. Adult (sex not indicated). Auckland Islands (lat. 50?30'25" S.,long. 166?19'12'' E,), Southern Ocean. Collected by Silas Holmes.Original number 627. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Genus CAPELLA FrenzelScolopax pectinicauda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 227, "pi. lxiv, fig. 1,"1848.
=Capella stenura (Bonaparte). See Chasen, Handlist of Malaysianbirds, p. 38, 1935.12668. Adult (sex not indicated) . Singapore Island, Malay Peninsula.Original number 629. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15476. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 12668.15477. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 12668.15481. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 12668.15482. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 12668.Peale referred simply to "specimens"; Cassin's MS. list and the entries inour register indicate that there were no more than five. Richmond (MS.)has noted that of these only Nos. 12668 and 15476 "can be considered asapproaching Peale's measurements." As usual, however, the publishedmeasurements represent an average, and all five specimens have equivalentstanding as cotypes. Genus CHUBBIA MathewsScolopax meridionalis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 229, "pi. lxiv, fig. 2,"1848.
=Chubbia stricklandii (G. R, Gray). See Bowdler Sharpe, Catalogueof the birds in the British Museum 24: 660, 1896; Peters, Checklist of
; birds of the world 2 : 278, 1934.
' 15728. Adult (sex not indicated). Orange Bay (the southwestern ex-tension of Nassau Bay, between Hardy Peninsula of Hoste Island andBurnt Island of the Wollaston Group), Territory of Magallanes, Chile.1839. Original number 626. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Although Cassin referred to "specimens," his MS. list indicates that hehad but one, and only one was entered into the museum register.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 89Genus SCOLOPAX LinnaeusScolopax celebensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34; 55, March 31, 1921.
=Scolopax celebenisis celebensis Riley. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2: 279, 1934.226174. Adult male. Rano Rano, (a village at about lat. 1?30' S., long.120?19' E.), central Celebes. December 22, 1917. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 4838.
"The only specimen . . . had been badly eaten by ants . . . and madeinto a rough skeleton. The flight feathers had been left on the wing andsome feathers around the base of the bill and the end of the tibia" (Riley,loc. cit. )
.
Genus EROLIA VieillotActodromas (Actodromas) Bairdii CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1861, p. 194 (not earlier thanJuly 30), 1861.
=Erolia bairdii (Coues). See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world2:284,1934.19923. Adult male. Fort Resolution (on the shore of Great Slave Lake,southwest of the mouth of the Slave River), District of Mackenzie,Northwest Territories, Canada. May 19, 1860. Collected by RobertW. Kennicott. Original number 480.Although specimens from numerous localities were mentioned at theoriginal description. No. 19923 must be considered the type, since Coueshimself wrote on the original label "Type of the species."Arqiiatella couesi RidgwayBull. Nuttall Orn. Club 5 (3) : 160, July 1880.
=Erolia ptilocnemis couesi (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 285, 1934.65419. Adult female (in summer plumage). Chichagof Harbor, AttuIsland, Aleutian Islands. June 21, 1873. Collected by E. P. Heren-deen for William H. Dall. Original number 80. Received from theU.S. Coast Survey.65420. Downy young (sex not indicated) . Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island,Aleutian Islands. June 30, 1873. Collected by William H. Dall. Re-ceived from the U.S. Coast Survey.Four specimens in different plumages were described in detail by Ridg-way, and on the label of each of these appears the word "Type" in theauthor's hand. Two of them, however, Nos. 46161 (an unsexed adult inwinter plumage) and 73196 (an immature female), are, fide Gabrielsen(ms.) , representatives of E. p. tschuktschorum (Portenko) and can thereforeno longer be accorded the status of cotypes.
90 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221T[ringa]. ptilocnemis Couesin H. W. Elliott, Report on the Prybilov Group, or Seal Islands, ofAlaska, unpaged (name given in a footnote under Tringa "crassi-rostris"), 1873.
=Erolia ptilocnemis ptilocnemis (Coues) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 285, 1934.64249. Adult female. Saint George Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea.July 22, 1873. Collected by Henry W. Elliott. Original number 676.[Pelidna] Pacifica CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1861, p. 189 (not earlier thanJuly 30), 1861.=Erolia alpina pacifica (Coues). See Conover, Condor 47:214, 1945.9540. Adult (sex not indicated) in winter plumage. Semiahmoo,\'[^atcom County, Washington. November 30, 1857. Collected byCaleb B. R. Kennerly. Original number 81. Northwestern BoundaryCommission.The three specimens referred to by Coues at the original description areNos. 9538, 9539, and 9540, all from Semiahmoo. On the label of the last,in Coues's hand, are the words "Type specimen of var? pacifica^*Genus TRYNGITES CabanisActidurus naevlus HeermannProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 178 (not earlier than October31), 1854.
=Tryngites subruficollis (Vieillot). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 8: 226, 230, 1919.6694. Adult (sex not indicated). "On the prairie near San Antonio,"Bexar County, Texas. Entered into the museum register not later thanOctober 2, 1857. Collected by John G. Parke for Adolphus L.Heermann. Intergeneric Hybrid?Tringa cooperi BairdRep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xlvii (in list), 716, 1858.5989. Adult male. "Raynor South," Nassau County, Long Island, NewYork. May 24, 1833. Collected by William Cooper. Received fromWilliam Cooper.This extraordinary bird, known from only one specimen, is doubtless ahybrid, but its parentage is not at all obvious.The type locality, no longer in existence under the same name, seems tohave been in the vicinity of Raynortown, formerly a village in the townshipof Hempstead, situated near the shore of Hempstead Bay.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 91Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE: Avocets, StiltsGenus HIMANTOPUS BrissonIliniautopus knudseni StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 81, pi. 6, fig. 2, May 17, 1887.=Himantopus himantopus knudseni Stejneger. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2 : 290, 1934.110024. Adult male. Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands, Oceania. En-tered into the museum register on December 23, 1886. Collected byValdemar Knudsen.Family BURHINIDAE: Thick-kneesGenus ESACUS LessonOrthorhamphus magnirostris scommophorus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 55: 133, April 26, 1919.
=Esacus magnirostris (Vieillot). See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1007: 15,December 29, 1938.170879. Adult male. Pulau Wai, Tambelan Islands (about 100 mileswest of the westernmost point of Borneo and about 150 miles southeastof the Anamba Islands), South China Sea. August 13, 1899. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Family GLAREOLIDAE: Pratincoles, CoursersGenus CURSORIUS LathamCursorius temmiiickii jebeSensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13) : 6, November 26, 1915.
=Cursorius temminckii temniinckii Swainson. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2: 300, 1934.216167. Adult male. "Rhino Camp" (on the left bank of the Bahr-el-Jebel at lat. 2?55' N.), about 15 miles north of Wadelai, West NileDistrict, Northern Province, Uganda Protectorate. January 11, 1910.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 17991. Smith-sonian African Expedition.Genus RHINOPTILUS StricklandRhiuoptilus africanus raffertyi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13) : 7, November 26, 1915.243063. Adult male. "Iron Bridge"=the point where the Jibuti-AddisAbaba railway crosses the Hawash River, Ethiopia. February 4, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 20081. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition (1911-1912)
.
92 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family THINOCORIDAE: Seed-snipesGenus THINOCORUS EschscholtzGlareola cuneicauda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 244, "pi. LXViii,"1848.
=Thinocorus rumicivorus cuneicauda (Peale). See Wetmore, U.S. Nat.Mus. BuU. 133: 172-173, 1926.15729. Immature male. Island of San Lorenzo, just off Callao, PeruOriginal number 654. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Family LARIDAE: Gulls, TernsGenus LARUS LinnaeusLarus bracIiyrLyncIius Richardsonin Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana 2 (thebirds) : 422, February 1832.=Larus canus brachyrhynchus Richardson. See Dwight, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 52: 173, 179, 1925."6262"=370445. Subadult female. Fort Franklin, on Keith Bay {fideRichardson, op. cit.. Introduction, p. xv) , Great Bear Lake, District ofMackenzie, Northwest Territories, Canada. May 23, 1826. Collectedby John Richardson.The original label of this specimen no longer exists, but the old exhibitionlabel now attached to it (which bears the name "Larus delawarensis, Ord")carries the same data as Richardson's bird of the "Fauna BorealiAmeri-cana." The number "6262" found on the label is not that of our register,and the specimen was given the new number 370445 on January 8, 1942.The means by which the bird reached the National Museum cannot nowbe known, but it presumably came among several others of Richardson'scollection said to have been received from John Gould.Larus siickleyi LawrenceAnn, Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 6:264 (not earlier than February),1858.=Larus canus brachyrhynchus Richardson. See Dwight, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 52: 173, 179, 1925.4571 bis. Adult (sex not indicated). Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. February 4, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Originalnumber 217.Lawrence had four specimens, of which one was adult, a second subadult,and the others immature (and only doubtfully placed under the namesuckleyi) . Since the description was based upon an adult. No. 4571 bismust be considered the type, but it should be noted that it is in winter dressand thus does not have the head and neck white as stated. No. 6476, an
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 93immature, is still in the collection; the others, Nos. 6472 and 8435, weresent in 1870 to the Chicago Academy of Sciences, where they were pre-sumably destroyed in the Great Fire.Rissa septentrioiialis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 6:265 (not earlier than February),1858.=Larus canus brachyrhynchus Richardson. See Dwight, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 52: 173, 179, 1925.6470. Adult (sex not indicated). "Shot at the straits of Juan deFuca/Near Puget Sound, W.T." [fide original label), or "obtained . . .at Bellingham bay, a harbor just north of Puget Sound" {fide Suckley,Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 12 [2] : 277, 1860). July 30, 1856.Collected by Thomas J. Turner for George Suckley {fide Suckley, loc.cit.) . Original number 520.6471. Adult (sex not indicated). Same locality data as for No. 6470.Original number 519.Larus schistisagus StejnegerAukl (3): 231, July 1884.92885. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. May 5, 1883, Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 2007.Larus barrovianus RidgwayAuk 3 (3): 330, July 1886.88913. Adult male. Point Barrow (lat. 71?20' N., long. 156^00' W.),Alaska. August 4, 1882. Collected by Middleton Smith. Originalnumber 574.Larus albipennis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 288, "pi. lxx\ti,"1848,=Larus maculipennis Lichtenstein. See Dwight, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 52: 295, 299, 1925; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 2: 299,1934.15507. Adult male, Valparaiso, Province of Aconcagua, Chile. May18?. Original number 737. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-42).Peale seems to have had two specimens of this form, but his descriptionwas based upon a male, and thus the second, a female (No. 15694), can beconsidered only a paratype.Larus kunilieni BrewsterBull. Nuttall Orn. Club. 8 (4) : 216, October 1883.=Larus leucopterus VieillotXLaras argentatus thayeri W. S. Brooks.See Dwight, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 52: 254-256, 1925.76225. Adult male. Cumberland Sound, southeastern BaflBn Island, Dis-trict of Franklin, Northwest Territories, Canada. June 14, 1878.Collected by Thure L. T. Kumlien. Original number 763.
94 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Larus nelson! HenshawAukl (3): 250, July 1884.=Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus'X- Larus argentatus vegae Palmen. SeeDwight, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 52: 249-250, 1925.97253. Adult male. Saint Michael (on the southern shore of NortonSound), western Alaska. June 20, 1880. Collected by Edward W.Nelson. Original number 1787.Genus RISSA Stephens[Larus (Rissa) ] breviroslris "Brandt" BruchJourn. fur Orn. 1 : 103, 1853.=Rissa breviroslris (Bruch). See Dwight, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.52: 322, 1925.60160. Adult (sex not indicated). "Northern Seas." Entered into themuseum register on October 14, 1870. Collected by Ferdinand P. vonWrangel. Received from the Imperial Museum of Saint Petersburg,through J. F. Brandt.The name breviroslris of Bruch was derived from a nomen nudum ofBrandt. This specimen, acquired from Brandt, bears on the oldest label,in Brandt's hand, "Larus breviroslris nob." and also the underlined word
"Wrangel." Genus HYDROPROGNE KaupThalasseus imperator ConesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1862, p. 358 (not earlier thanDecember 30), 1862=1863.=Hydroprogne tschegrava tschegrava (Lepechin). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 2: 331, footnote, 1934.20189. Adult male. Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, District ofMackenzie, Northwest Territories, Canada. June 5, 1860. Collectedby Robert W. Kennicott. Original number 610.The fragmentary original label, now enclosed in an envelope attached tothe bird's left tarsus, bears the word "Type" in Coues's hand.Genus STERNA LinnaeusSterna antarctica PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 280, "pi. Lxxv, fig. 1,"1848.Sterna meridionalis CassinU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 385, 1858.Sterna cassinii SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 28 (3) : 391, March 1861.=Slerna hirundinacea Lesson. See Saunders, Catalogue of the Birds inthe British Museum 25 : 52, 53, 1896.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 9515504. Subadult (sex not indicated). Orange Bay (the southwesternextension of Nassau Bay, between Hardy Peninsula of Hoste Islandand Burnt Island of the Wollaston Group), Territory of Magallanes,Chile. 1839. Original number 726. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).15700. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15504.85566. Immature (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 15504.Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but two specimens, but at least fourare still in existence, one of which is now No. 75663 of the Museum ofComparative Zoology. Nos. 15504 and 15700 were sent to the ChicagoAcademy of Sciences on January 28, 1881, and returned to the NationalMuseum in 1919. No. 15699 cannot now be traced; it is either the bird inCambridge or the specimen reentered into tlie register on November 29,1881, as No. 85566.Cassin's Sterna meridionalis is a new name for Sterna antarctica Peale1848, not Forster 1844, nor Lesson 1831. The author had before him buttwo specimens of Peale's original series, and these were adults; of the ex-amples now in the Museum, only No. 15700 can then be considered a type ofCassin's name.Sclater's Sterna cassinii is a new name for Sterna meridionalis Cassin1858, not Brehm 1824, and the type specimens are the same as for Cassin'sname.Sterna bairdii BennerAnn. Rep. Smithsonian Inst, for 1873, p. 60, 1874.Sterna Portlandica RidgwayAmer. Naturalist 8: 433, July 1874.
=Sterna paradisaea Pontoppidan. See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 8:499,504, 1919; A.O.U. Checklist Committee, Auk61:448,1944.64404 (not 64394). Adult (sex not indicated) in retarded plumage.Peak Island, Casco Bay, Cumberland County, Maine. July 1873.Collected by Franklin Benner.Benner's MS. name appeared as a nomen nudum with reference to thespecimen that later became the type of S. portlandica Ridgway.Sterna forsteri litoricola OberholserBird life of Louisiana, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull. 28, p. 290, June 1938.=Sterna forsteri Nuttall, fide A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, MS.212668. Adult male. Smith Island, Atlantic coast of NorthamptonCounty, Virgina. May 14, 1910. Collected by Joseph H. Riley.Original number 1575.Sterna albifrons PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 279, "pi. LXXiV, fig.2," 1848.
96 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Sterna striata striata Gmelin. See Mathews, Birds of Australia 2 : 368-369, 1912.15698. Adult (sex not indicated). Bay of Islands, North Island, NewZealand. March 18?. Original number 727. U.S. Exploring Ex-pedition (1838-1842).Sterna melaiiauclien provida OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 16, June 30, 1917.
=Sterna sumatrana mathewsi Stresemann. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2: 336, 1934.128756. Adult male. Providence Island (lat. 9?00' S., long. 51?00' E.),western Indian Ocean. August 17, 1892. Collected by William L.Abbott.Sterna aleutiea BairdTrans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1: 321, pi. 31, fig. 1 (not earlier than Octo-ber 22), 1869.52517. Adult male. Kodiak Island, Gulf of Alaska, Alaska. June 1-,1868. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 16.This name first appeared as a nomen nudum used by Dall, in Dall andBannister (Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1:307, 1869).Sterna lunata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 277, "pi. LXXIV, fig.1," 1848.15744. Adult (sex not indicated). Vincennes Island=Kauehi Island(about lat. 16?00' S., long. 145?09' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania.September 2, 1839. Original number 725. U.S. Exploring Expe-dition (1838-1842).Peale referred to "our specimens," but Cassin's MS. list indicates that hesaw but one, and only one was entered into the museum register.H[aliplana]. discolor CouesIbis (1) 6 : 392 (footnote), July-October 1864.=Sterna anaethetus melanoptera Swainson. See Ridgway, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 8: 512, 513, 1919; Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 337, footnote, 1934.30844. Adult (sex not indicated). Saddle Cay (an islet at the southernend of Lighthouse Reef, east of Turneffe Island), in the Gulf of Hon-duras, off British Honduras. May 10, 1862. Collected by OsbertSalvin. Original number 2925.If it should ever be shown that the Caribbean race is distinct from theWest African, Coues's name will have priority over Mathews's recognita.Sterna anaethela nelsoni RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 8: 487 (in key) , 514, June 26, 1919.
=Sterna anaethetus nelsoni Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2: 338,1934.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 97185437. Adult male. Sihuatanejo, State of Guerrero, Mexico. April 9,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9459. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Flaliplana fuliginosa var. crissalis "Baird, M.S." Lawrencein Grayson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 14 : 285,, April 1872.
=Sterna fuscata crissalis (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2: 338, 1934.50861. Adult male. At sea between the Tres Marias Islands and theRevilla Gigedo Islands, not far from lat. 20?38' N., long. 108?00' W.{fide Grayson, op. cit., p. 288) , eastern Pacific Ocean off Mexico. May9, 1867. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 703.58792. Adult (sex not indicated). Locality data same as for No. 50861.Original number 702.The type locality for this form has consistently been given as SocorroIsland, but, while the bird was reported as occurring there {op. cit., p. 301),it appears that no specimens were taken. Only two examples of the "black-billed tern" were received at the Museum as a result of this trip, and it canhardly be doubted that they are the ones mentioned by Grayson on p. 288,especially since he gave them consecutive original numbers. The typelocality is thus in closer proximity to the Tres Marias than to the RevillaGigedos.Sterna antillariim browni MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 71, April 4, 1916.
=^Sterna albifrons browni Mearns. See A.O.U. Checklist Committee,Auk 61:449, 1944.134773. Adult male. At the edge of the Pacific Ocean, near MonumentNo. 258, U.S.-Mexican Boundary Line, in San Diego County, California.July 12, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number11259. Genus THALASSEUS BoieThalasseus bergii halodramus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 49: 518 (in key), 522, December 23, 1915.=Thalasseus bergii cristatus (Stephens). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 2: 342, 1934.191382. Adult male (in winter plumage). Pata Island (just south ofJolo Island), Sulu Province, Philippine Islands. November 25, 1903.Collected by Leonard Wood for Edgar A. Mearns. Original number13145.Sterna rectirostris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 281, "pi. LXXV, fig. 2,"1848.
98 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Thalasseus bergii rectirostris (Peale). See Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 49:524, 1915.15697. Immature female. Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 728.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Genus PROCELSTERNA LafresnayeProcelsteriia saxatilis W. K. FisherProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 559, 1903.
=Procelsterna cerulea saxatilis W. K. Fisher. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 2: 345, 1934.188651. Adult male. Necker Island (lat. 23?35'24" N., long. 164?41'W.), Hawaiian Islands, Oceania. May 31, 1902. Collected by WalterK. Fisher. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.At the original description. No. 188651 is stated to be the "type," whileeach of three other specimens is described as a "cotype." The word cotype,as here used, must be considered equivalent to the modern paratype.Megalopterus plumbea PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Marara. and Orn.) : 285, "pi. Lxxvi,"1848.
=Procelsterna cerulea teretirostris (Lafresnaye) . See Mathews, Birds ofAustralia 2: 431, 1912.131513=15467. Adult (sex not indicated). Honden Island=PukapukaIsland (lat. 14?56' S., long. 138?48' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania.August 21, 1839. Original number 731. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Cassin's MS. list shows that he saw but three specimens, and there arethree entries in the museum register. Of these, No. 15466, said to comefrom the Tuamotus, seems in fact to be an example of P. c. albivitta Bona-parte and thus cannot be considered a cotype. No. 15463 is no longer inWashington and is probably now in the Museum of Comparative Zoologyas their No. 75662. Genus ANOUS StephensAnous frater CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1862, p. 558 (not earlier thanDecember 30), 1862=1863.=Anous stolidus pileatus (Scopoli). See Mathews, Birds of Australia2: 411, 1912; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 2: 346, footnote,1934.15517. Adult (sex not indicated). Bellingshausen Island (lat. 15^48' S.,long. 154?30' W.), Society Islands, Oceania. Original number 729.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15526. Adult male. Raraka Island (lat. 16?06'25" S., long. 144?57'40''W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. August 30 or 31, 1839. Originalnumber 729. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 99
In addition to the cotypes mentioned above, there was at least one other,No. 15534 (Raraka Island) ; this bird was sent to the Chicago Academy ofSciences in 1870 and was there destroyed in the Great Fire.Family ALCIDAE: Auks, Auklets, MurresGenus URIA BrissonUria aalge inornata SalomonsenIbis (13) 2 (1) : 128, January 1, 1932.170323. Adult male (not female). Saint Matthew Island (lat. 60?20' N.,long. 172?30' W.), Bering Sea. July 15, 1899. Collected by Leon J.Cole.Catarractes Californicus H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 142 (not earlier than July), 1861.=Uria aalge californica (H. Bryant). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 274, 1932; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 92: 58-59,1943.13727. Adult (sex not indicated). Farallon Islands, San FranciscoCounty, California. July 5, 1859. Collected by James Hepburn. Orig-inal number 13.17404. Adult female. Farallon Islands, San Francisco County, California.Entered into the museum register on July 7, 1860. Collected by or forFerdinand Gruber.17407. Adult male. Farallon Islands, San Francisco County, California.Entered into the museum register on July 7, 1860. Collected by or forFerdinand Gruber.Bryant had before him "the whole series belonging to the SmithsonianInstitution" {op. cit., p. 134). The specimens of this form then in theMuseum numbered ten, of which nine came from the Farallones. In addi-tion to the three listed above, these were: No. 17400, a female (sent to"#4") ; Nos. 17401 and 17402, males (lost without trace) ; No. 17403, afemale (sent to "Audubon Club") ; No. 17405, a female (sent to "#2"=University of Michigan) ; and No. 17406, a male (lost without trace).A male cotype in Cambridge (MCZ 46265) may represent No. 17401, No.17402, or No. 17406. Genus CEPPIIUS PallasCepphus snowi StejnegerAuk 14 (2) : 201, April 1897.=Cepphus columba snowi Stejneger. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 2: 354, 1934.159351. Adult male. Raikoke Island (about lat. 48?25' N., long. 153?00'E.), Kuril Islands, southwest of Kamchatka. August 23, 1896. Col-lected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 7009.
100 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus BRACHYRAMPHUS M. BrandtBrachyrhaniphus hypoleucus XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11:299 (not earlier than Novem-ber 29) , 1859.=Brachyramphus hypoleucus Xantus. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 2:355, 1934.13046. Adult female. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.July 14, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1310.Genus AETHIA MerremSiniorhynchus Cassini CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 45 (not earlier than January21), 1868.=Aethia pygniaea (Gmelin). See Ridgway, Birds of North and MiddleAmerica 8:771,773, 1919; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world2:357,358, 1934.46564. Immature male. Unimak Pass (the strait between Unimak Islandand Akun Island), Aleutian Islands, Alaska. August 3, 1866. Col-lected by William H. Dall. Original number 310.Genus CERORHINCA BonaparteCerorhina suckleyi Cassinin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: liv,906, 1858.
=Cerorhinca monocerata (Pallas). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 8: 779, 782, 1919.4579 6i5 (not 4579). Adult (sex not indicated) without knob on bill.Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington. February (not January)8, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number 221.Genus FRATERCULA BrissonFratercvila arctica naumanni NortonProc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 144 (footnote 17), May 20, 1901.86019. Adult (sex not indicated). Hakluyt Headland, northwestern ex-tremity of West Spitsbergen Island, Arctica. August 9, 1881. Collectedby M. K. Schwenk.For a discussion of this specimen's claim to typeship, see Norton, Auk34: 205-206, 1917.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 101Order COLUMBIFORMES: Sand-grouses, Pigeons,DovesFamily COLUMBIDAE: Pigeons, DovesGenus TRERON VieillotButreron capellei panoclira OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 300, July 19, 1924.=Treron capellei magnirostris Strickland. See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian Birds, p. 11, 1935; Delacour, Birds of Malaysia, p. 351, 1947.181058. Adult male. Besitang River (about 14 miles from its union withAru Bay), eastern Sumatra. February 8, 1906. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Butreron capellei niessopora OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 299, July 19, 1924.=Treran capellei magnirostris Strickland. See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian Birds, p. 11, 1935; Delacour, Birds of Malaysia, p. 351, 1947.181425. Adult male. Kalumpang Bay (just north of Pulau Laut), south-eastern Borneo. January 22, 1908. Collected by William L. Abbott.Butreron capellei passorhina OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 192, November 2, 1917.=Treron capellei passorhina (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian Birds, p. 11, 1935; Delacour, Birds of Malaysia, p. 351, 1947.181430. Adult male. Pulau Mata Siri (lat. 4?48' S., long. 115^48' E.),Laurot Islands, eastern Java Sea. December 10, 1907. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Treron curvirostra erimacra OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 297, July 19, 1924.201778. Adult male. Balabac Island (southwest of Palawan Island),Philippine Islands. October 16, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 14444.Treron curvirostra haliploa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 4, October 26, 1912.179592. Adult male. Sibabo Bay, Simulue (Simalur) Island, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. October 22, 1902, Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Treron curviroslra pega OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 4, October 26, 1912.179595. Adult male. Siaba Bay, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 19, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Treron curvirostra sniicra OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 3, October 26, 1912.=Treron curvirostra curvirostra (Gmelin) . See Stresemann, Auk 67: 82,1950.
102 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221179596. Subadult male. Tana Bala Island, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. February 8, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Treron curviroslra hypothapsina OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 3, October 26, 1912.180650. Adult male. Enggano Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 21, 1904. Collected by William L.Abbott.Osmotreron chloroptera andaixianica RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 308, September 17, 1902.=Treron pornpadora chloroptera Blyth. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3: 16, 1937.178813. Adult female. Shore of Macpherson Strait, South AndamanIsland, Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal. January 15, 1901. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Dendrophassa fulvicollis melopogenys OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 3, October 26, 1912.=Treron fulvicollis melopogenys (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 334, 1944.179597. Adult female. Nias Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. March 18, 1903, Collected by William L. Abbott.Dendrophassa olax arismicra OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 298, July 19, 1924.
=TreroTi olax (Temminck). See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world3:18, 1937.181777. Adult male. Segah River (the upper part of the Berau River,which enters the Celebes Sea at about lat. 2?10' N.), northeasternBorneo. November 23, 1912. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Originalnumber 429.Dendrophassa vernans abbotli OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 298, July 19, 1924.=Treron vernans griseicapilla Schlegel. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 18, 1937.153653. Adult male. "Tyching"=:rBan Tha Chin (lat. 7?34' N., long.99?34' E.), Province of Trang, peninsular Siam. June 2, 1896. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Dendrophassa vernans mesochloa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 2, October 26, 1912.:=Treron vernans griseicapilla Schlegel. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:344, 1944.179590. Adult female. Nias Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. March 18, 1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 103Dendrophassa veriians polioptila OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 3, October 26, 1912.=Treron vernans griseicapilla Schlegel. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 334^335, 1944.179578. Adult female. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. January 1, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dendrophassa vernans miza OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 3, October 26, 1912.=Treron vernans miza (Oberholser) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94:334, 1944..179035. Adult female. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 22, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dendrophassa vernans adina OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 20, June 30, 1917.
=Treron vernans adina (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3:19, 1937.171020. Adult male. Pulau Mata, northern Anamba Islands, SoutJi ChinaSea. August 29, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dendrophassa vernans pellocMora OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 30, 1932.
=Treron vernans adina (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3:19, 1937.174674. Adult female. Pulau Serasan (South Natuna Island), lat. 2''31'N., long. 109?02' E., southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June8, 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dendrophassa vernans zaiepta OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 298, July 19, 1924.=Treron vernans purpurea (Gmelin). See Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn.89:50-51, 1941.248190. Adult male. Kuala Besar (about lat. 1?10' N., long. 122?00' E.)
,
northern peninsula of Celebes. August 24, 1914. Collected by HarryC. Raven. Original number 1538.Dendrophassa vernans nesophasma OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 297, July 19, 1924.=Treron vernans vernans (Linnaeus) . See Peters, Checklist of birds ofof the world 3: 19, 1937.191947. Adult male. Cotabato, Province of Cotabato, Mindanao Island,Philippine Islands. March 3, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Meams.Original number 13297.
500936?61-
104 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus PHAPITRERON BonapartePhapitreron saniarensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 436, May 22, 1909.
=Phapitreron leucotis albifrons McGregor. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3:24, 1937.161096. Adult female. Samar Island, Philippine Islands. March 1888.Collected by Frank S. Bourns.Phabotrcron niaculipectus Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 : 10, December 8, 1894.
=Phapitreron amethystina maculipectus (Bourns and Worcester). SeePeters, Checklist of birds of the world 3:24, 1937.316133. Adult male. Bais, Province of Negros Oriental, Negros Island,Philippine Islands. January 17, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Wor-cester and Frank S, Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis PublicLibrary, which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of NaturalSciences, where it was No. 3453 of the Menage Collection.Phabotreron frontalis Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 : 9, December 8, 1894.
=Phapitreron amethystina frontalis (Bourns and Worcester) . See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 3: 24, 1937.316138. Adult male. Toledo, Cebii Island, Philippine Islands. June 20,1892. Collected by Dean C, Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Receivedfrom the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the Min-nesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3450 of theMenage Collection.316139. Adult male. Toledo, Cebii Island, Philippine Islands. June 14,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Receivedfrom the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the Min-nesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3452 of theMenage Collection.Phabotreron brunneiceps Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 : 9, December 8, 1894.
=Phapitreron amethystina brunneiceps (Bourns and Worcester). SeePeters, Checklist of birds of the world 3: 24, 1937.316132. Adult male. Isabela, Basilan Island, Philippine Islands. August18, 1891, Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3447 ofthe Menage Collection.Phabotreron cinereiceps Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 : 8, December 8, 1894.
=Phapitreron amethystina cinereiceps (Bourns and Worcester). SeePeters, Checklist of birds of the world 3 : 25, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 105316137. Adult male. Tataan, Tawitawi Island, Sulu Province, PhilippineIslands. November 2, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester andFrank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, whichacquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 3442 of the Menage Collection.Genus PTILINOPUS SwainsonPtilinopus furcatus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. andOrn.) : 191, "pi. Lii," 1848.
=Ptilinopus purpuratus purpuratus (Gmelin). See Salvadori, Catalogueof the birds in the British Museum 21: 105,106, 1893; Ripley andBirckhead, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1192 : 9, 1942.14947. Adult or subadult (sex not indicated). Tahiti Island (lat.17?38'30'' S., long. 149?30' W.), Society Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 553. U.S. Exploring Expedition ( 1838-1842)
.
14816. Adult or subadult male. Tahiti Island, Society Islands, Oceania.Received by the National Institute not later than September 13, 1841.Collected by John K. Townsend.Cassin's MS. list shows that he saw only two specimens, but the museumregister has four early entries for the species (one of which was not takenby the Exploring Expedition and will receive further mention below)
.
The specimens no longer at hand are Nos. 14827 and 14946; these mustbe the cotypes now deposited in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-delphia (where No. 13140) and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology(where No. 74426).No. 14816 was presented to the National Institute as early as 1841 ; thus,while there can be no proofs adduced, it may easily have formed one ofPeale's original series, and for that reason is here listed.Ptilinopus coralensis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 190, "pi. Li," 1848.Plilopus smithsonianus SalvadoriCatalogue of the birds in the British Museum 21: 105, 1893.
=Ptilinopus purpuratus coralensis Peale. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3:30, 1937; Ripley and Birckhead, Amer. Mus. Nov.1192: 9, 1942.14929. Adult (sex not indicated). Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 552. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14934. Adult male. Carlshoff Island=Aratika Island (lat. 15?33' S.,long. 145?39' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. September 3, 1839.Original number 552. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14951. Adult (sex not indicated). Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 552. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Cassin's MS. list shows that he saw but four specimens, but six were en-tered into the museum register. Of these. No. 14928, from Raraka Island,
106 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221is now No. 74425 in the Museum of Comparative Zoology; Nos. 14953 and14961 are no longer in Washington, but are without question Nos. 13098and 13099 of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.No. 14951 was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences on January 28,1881, and returned to the National Museum in 1903.Because No. 14934 is the only specimen definitely known to have comefrom Carlshoff Island, a locality that received particular mention in Peale'saccount of the species, this example was long ago selected as probably thetype of Ptilinopus coralensis, and is the bird examined by Salvadori andmade by him the type of Ptilopus smithsonianus.The National Institute exhibition label it then bore carried as localitysimply "Paumotu Islands," and Salvadori gave as type locality of his newname "Some Island of the Paumotu Group" ; the museum register, however,gives Carlshoff Island as the exact provenience of the specimen.On the reverse side of the label appears in Salvadori's hand: "This birdis very different from Ptilopus coralensis, and, according to me, this is notthe real type of Ptilopus coralensis; it is fully adult as shown by the attenu-ation of the first primary.?I believe that it belongs to an undescribedspecies. Ptilopus smithsonianus, Salvad."Ptilinopus fasciaius PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. andOrn.) : 193, "pi. Liii," 1848.
=Ptilinopus porphyraceus jasciatus Peale. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 30, 1937.14829. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 550. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1M2).14830. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 550. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14927. Adult (sex not indicated). Upolu Island (lat. 13?46' S., long.171 ? 20' W.), Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Original number 550.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14931. Adult male. Same data as No. 14927.Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but seven specimens, but nine entriesof this name are found in the museum register. In addition to the fourlisted above, there were the following cotypes: No. 14930 from Tutuila (lostwithout trace) ; No. 14933, without data (lost without trace) ; No. 14944from Upolu (sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences in 1870 and theredestroyed by the Great Fire) ; No. 14959, a male from the Samoan Islands(lost without trace)
.
No. 21853 was entered into the register on November 21, 1861; it cannotnow be found, but is almost certainly a reentry of No. 14930, No. 14933, orNo. 14959.No. 13080 of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia is also acotype and must represent one of the lost specimens of the National Museum.No. 14927 was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences on January 28,1881, and returned to Washington in 1903.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 107Ptilinopus perousii PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. andOrn.) : 195, "pi. Liv," 1848.
=Ptilinopus perousii perousii Peale. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3:32, 1937.14828. Adult male. Upolu Island (lat. 13?46' S., long. 171?20' W.),Samoan Islands, Oceania. Original number 551. U.S. Exploring Ex-pedition (1838-1842).This was the only specimen of the original series from the restricted typelocality; Peale's Fijian birds belong to another race.Ptilinopus perousii cupidineus WetmoreIbis (12) 1 (4) : 829, October 7, 1925.
=Ptilinopus perousii mariae (Jacquinot and Pucheran). See Ripley andBirckhead, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1192: 13, 1942.212245 (not 212246). Adult male. Tongatabu Island (lat. 21^07' S.,long. 175? 11' E.) , Tonga Islands, Oceania. November 30, 1899. Col-lected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission.Ilaemataena meianocephala enantia OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 296, July 19, 1924.
=Ptilinopus melanospila bangueyensis (A. B. Meyer) . See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 3:38, 1937.191872. Adult male. Cagayan Sulu Island (in the Sulu Sea off BritishNorth Borneo), Philippine Islands. February 26, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13283.Ilaemataena meianocephala massoptera OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Pvlus. 54: 191, November 2, 1917.
=Ptilinopus melanospila massoptera (Oberholser). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 3 : 38, 1937.181420. Adult male. Pulau Mata Siri (lat. 4?48' S., long. 115^48' E.)Laurot Islands, eastern Java Sea. December 8, 1907. Collected byWiUiam L. Abbott. Genus DUCULA HodgsonCarpophaga aurora? PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 201, "pi. LVi," 1848.=Ducula aurorae (Peale). See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world3:43, 1937.14938. Adult male. Aurora Island=Makatea Island (lat. 15?49'35" S.,long. 148?13'15'' W.) , Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. September 10, 1839.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14941. Adult male. Society Islands, Oceania. U.S. Exploring Expe-dition (1838-1842).While Cassin's MS. list calls for but three specimens, four were entered intothe museum register. Nos. 15733 and 15734, both males from the Society
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
Islands, are accounted for by No. 74422 of the Museum of ComparativeZoology, and No. 13156 of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.Carpophaga wilkesii PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 203, "pi. LVii," 1848.=Ducula aurorae (Peale). See Wetmore, in Townsend and Wetmore,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63: 190-191, 1919; Peters, Checklist of birdsof tlie world 3:43, 1937.14804. Adult male. Tahiti Island ("at an altitude of three or four thou-sand feet"). Society Islands, Oceania. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).15737. Adult (sex not indicated). Aurora Island=Makatea Island (lat.15?49'35'' S., long. 148?13'15" W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Sep-tember 10, 1839. Collected by Charles Wilkes. U.S. Exploring Ex-pedition (1838-1842).Globicera oceanica townsendi Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63: 191, August1919.=Ducula oceanica townsendi (Wetmore) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3:44, 1937.212240. Adult female. Ponape Island (lat. 6?51' N., long. 158?18' E.),eastern Caroline Islands, Oceania. February 12, 1900. Collected byHenry F. Moore. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Muscadivores aeneus poiius OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 18, June 30, 1917.=Ducula aenea polia (Oberholser). See Delacour, Auk 64: 129, 1947.170923. Adult male. Palau Siantan, northern Anamba Islands, SouthChina Sea. August 20, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Muscadivores aeneus arhadius OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 296, July 19, 1924.=Ducula aenea polia (Oberholser). See Delacour, Auk 64: 129, 1947.180106. Adult female. Kateman River, eastern Sumatra. September 3,1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.Muscadivores aeneus diatropurus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 25, 1932.
=Ducula aenea polia (Oberholser). See Delacour, Auk 64:129, 1947.174666. Adult male. Pulau Midei, southern Natuna Islands, South ChinaSea. May 23, 1900. CoUected by William L. Abbott.Muscadivores aeneus niistus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 2, October 26, 1912.=Ducula aenea consobrina (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 335, 1944.179054. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 2, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 109Muscadivores consobrina babiensis RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 103, June 15, 1912.=Ducula aenea consobrina (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 335, 1944.179057. Adult male. Pulau Babi, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 13, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Muscadivores aeueus vicinus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 95, June 30, 1927.=Ducula aenea consobrina (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 335, 1944.279710. Adult male (not female). Sipora Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. October 11, 1924. Collected byCecil Boden Kloss.Carpophaga Van Wyckii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 320 (not earlier than June 24),1862.=Ducula pistrinaria vanivyckii (Cassin). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3:48, 1937.21218. Adult female. Port Praslin, on Wallis Islet at the southern tipof New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. January 24, 1854. Collectedby ? Van Wyck. U.S. North Pacific Surveying and Exploring Ex-pedition (1853-1856).Muscadivores rosaceus zamydrus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 179, November 2, 1917.=Ducula rosacea zamydra (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian birds, p. 18, 1935.181434. Adult male. Pulau Solombo Besar, eastern Java Sea. Decem-ber 6, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Carpophaga Pickcringii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7:228 (not earlier than Dec. 26),1854=1855.
=Ducula pickeringii pickeringii (Cassin). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3 : 49, 1937.15732. Adult (sex not indicated). Mangsi Island (8 miles north ofBanggai Island) , in the Balabac Strait (north of British North Borneo)
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February 9-12, 1842, fide Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Ex-ploring Expedition 5: 381-387, 1845 (not "in the month of January,"as stated by Peale and quoted by Cassin). U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Cassin referred to "specimens," but No. 15732 is the only one foundentered into the museum register.
110 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEIXM BULLETIN 221Muscadivora langliornei MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 84, February 21, 1905.=Ducula picheringii langhornei (Mearns). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3:49, 1937.191877. Adult male. West Bolod Island (southwest of Basilan Island),Philippine Islands. February 21, 1904. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 13258 (not 13358)
.
Muscadivores palniaseusis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 436, May 22, 1909.=Ducula pickeringii palmasensis (Mearns). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3 :49, 1937.200839. Adult male. Palmas Island=Miangas Island (between the TalautIslands and Mindanao Island, about 60 miles SSE. of Cape San Agustinon Mindanao). January 21, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 13889.Carpophaga latrans PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 200, "pi. LV," 1848.=Ducula latrans (Peale). See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world3:49, 1937.15735. Adult female. "Mountainous districts of the Feejee Islands."Original number 578. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15736. Adult (sex not indicated). "Mountainous districts of the FeejeeIslands." Original number 578. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Although Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but one, three examplesof this species were entered into the museum register. The third, No. 14939,is now No. 13189 of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.Carpophaga casta PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 204, "pi. LViii," 1848.=Ducula bicolor (Scopoli). See Salvadori, Catalogue of the birds in theBritish Museum 21: 227,228, 1893; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 3: 50, 1937.14786. Adult male. "An island nearly opposite to Soung [the capital ofthe Sooloo Islands] "=Marongas Island, just northwest of Jolo("Soung"), Jolo Island, Sulu Province, Philippine Islands (see Wilkes,Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition 5: 361-362, 1845)
.
February 4-6, 1842. Original number 579. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842). Genus COLUMBA LinnaeusColuinba taczanowskii StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 624 (footnote), October 30, 1893.=Columha rupestris rupestris Pallas. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3:57,58, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 111114582. Adult male. Nak Tung River (the stream that enters the Straitof Korea in the neighborhood of Fusan), southern Korea. November22, 1883 (not 1882). Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number1328.Columba rupestris austrina RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 133, July 18, 1930.=Columha rupestris rupestris Pallas. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3:57, 58, 1937.314006. Adult male. Chengtze (elev. 14,500-15,900 feet), north ofChiprin La and south of Mudju and Yulonghsi (this last at lat. 31? 57'N., long. 99? 19' E.), Sikang (not Szechwan) Province, eastern Tibet.May 1929. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1235.Columba flavirostris madrensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12:6, January 27, 1898.156698. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, easternPacific Ocean off the State of Nayarit, Mexico. May 13, 1897. Col-lected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original num-ber 4377. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Chloroenas inornala exigua RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 177, November 29, 1915.=Columba inornata exigua (Ridgway). See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 450, 1942.236735. Adult male. Cumberland Pen (not Valley), about 5 miles eastof Spanish Town, Saint Catherine Parish, Middlesex County, Jamaica.February 27, 1866. Collected by William T. March. Original number2689. Received from the estate of Henry Bryant, in whose collection itwas No. 1010.Chloroenas inornata exsul RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 106, May 27, 1915.=Cohimba inornata wetmorei Peters. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3:66, 1937.236736. Adult (sex not indicated). Puerto Rico. Received from theestate of Henry Bryant, in whose collection it was No. 20.Columba guayaquilensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11:112, November 8, 1888.=Columba fasciala albilinea Bonaparte. See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 445, 446, 1942.101311. Adult (sex not indicated). "Guayaquil, Ecuador," error="theinterior of Ecuador" (fide Jones, in epist. of November 11, 1884). En-tered into the museum register on January 5, 1885. Received fromWilliam H. Jones, who acquired it, with other birds, from "Mr. Cart-right Agt. P.S.N. Co. Guayaquil as a gift" (m epist. cit.)
.
112 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Coluinba castaneiceps PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 187, "pi. L," 1848.=Columba vitiensis castaneiceps Peale. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 3: 70, 1937.15739. Adult male. Upolu Island (lat. 13?46' S., long. 171?20' W.),Samoan Islands, Oceania. Original number 559. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Only two specimens were entered into our register under this name, andone of them. No. 14950, a female, although said to have come from theSamoan Islands, has the crown wholly devoid of chestnut and thus seemsto belong to the Fijian race; it is probable that the bird has been wronglylabeled.Two other cotypes are now in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phil-adelphia, where they are Nos. 13285 and 13286.CEnoenas chiriquensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 139, June 29, 1915.=Columba chiriquensis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr and Conover, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 462, 1942.148301. Adult (sex not indicated) . "Chiriqui," Panama (but see Hell-mayr and Conover, loc. cit., footnote). Entered into the museumregister on March 26, 1896. Collected by Enrique Arce. Receivedfrom Adolphe Boucard, who probably acquired it from Osbert Salvinand Frederick D. Godman.This form is supposed to be known only by the unique type, but it shouldbe noted that Salvadori (Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum21: 326, 1893) , referring to Columba subvinacea, observed that "some speci-mens show traces of light spots on the lower hind neck." An Arce-collectedspecimen from the Volcan de Chiriqui (Salvin-Godman Collection) is therelisted, and one would like to know whether this is one of the spotted-napedbirds and thus perhaps another example of C. chiriquensis.The original collector's label was removed from the specimen by Boucard
;
the type locality should probably stand as the Volcan de Chiriqui.Chloroenas subvinacea LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 135, April 1868.=Columba subvinacea subvinacea (LaAvrence) . See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 463, 1942.47575. Adult male. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. February 26, 1867. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Columba purpureotincta RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 594 (footnote), September 19, 1888.=Columba subvinacea purpureotincta Ridgway. See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 467, 1942.87620. Adult (sex not indicated). Demerara County, British Guiana.Entered into the museum register on July 6, 1882. Received fromAlexander Wolle, Sr.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 113Genus MACROPYGIA SwainsonMacropygia simalurensis RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 187, August 6, 1902.
=Macropygia ruficeps simalurensis Richmond, See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 338, 1944.179067. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 9, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Macropygia emiliana hypopercna OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 2, October 26, 1912.
=^Macropygia phasianella hypopercna Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 338, 1944.179599. Immature (sex not indicated). Sibobo Bay, Simalur Island,Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. October 26,1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Macropygia emiliana elassa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 2, October 26, 1912.=Macropygia phasianella elassa Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull, Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 338-339, 1944.179606. Adult male. Sikakap Strait, North Pagi Island, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. November 12, 1902. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Genus ZENxlIDURA BonaparteZenaidura macroura caiirina RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 7: 348 (footnote), May 5, 1916.
=^Zenaidura macroura marginella (Woodhouse). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 3: 83, 1937.12540 (not 22540) . "Oregon." Origmal number 451. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Ectopistes marginella WoodhouseProc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6: 104 (not earlier than May 25),1852.
=Zenaidura macroura marginella (Woodhouse) . See Helhnayr andConover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 479, 1942.10320. Immature male. "In the cross timbers on the North Fork of theCanadian," Oklahoma. September 6, 1850. Collected by Samuel W.Woodhouse. Creek and Cherokee Boundary Survey.This bird was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences on January 28,1881, and was returned to the National Museum in October 1919.Zenaidura macroura bclla W. Palmer and RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 33, March 5, 1902.
=Zenaidura macroura macroura (Linnaeus). See Wetmore and Swales,U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 155: 195-197, 1931.
114 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221172537. Adult male. Mariel, Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba. May 9,1900. Collected by William Palmer and Joseph H. Riley. Originalnumber 417,Zenaidura macroura tresmariae RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 107, May 27, 1915.156700. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 5, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4265. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Zenaidura clarionensis C. H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 133, September 9, 1890.=Zenaidura macroura clarionensis Townsend. See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 480, 1942.117525. Adult male. Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. March 4, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission,Zenaidura macroura turturiUa WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (19): 123, September 12, 1956.433585. Adult male. El Espino, Province of Panama, Panama. April 1,1951. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo.Original number 16653.Zenaidura yucatanensis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 208, June 1869.=Zenaidura macroura {marginella? ) X Zenaida aurita yucatanensisSalvadori. See Hellmayr and Conover, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 1 (1):476 (footnote), 1942.39325. Adult male. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. April 3, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 343. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.Zenaidura graysoiii "Baird, M.S." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10: 17, February-March 1871.
=Zenaidura graysoni Lawrence. See Hellmayr and Conover, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 1(1): 480, 1942.50855. Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. May 21- ?, 1867. Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson or Edward Grayson. Original number 706.Zenaida rubripes LawrenceAuk 2 (4) : 357, October 1885.
=Zenaidura auriculata stenura (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 490,491, 1942.126350. Adult female. Telescope, Grenada Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. August 18, 1885. Collected by John G. Wells.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 115Zenaida ruficauda robinsoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 107, May 27, 1915.
=Zenaidura auriculata stenura (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 490, 492, 1942.236767. Adult male. Honda, Department of Tolima, Colombia. July14, 1892. Collected by Wirt Robinson.Zenaida jessieae "Riker, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 527, August 6, 1888.
=Zenaidura auriculata jessieae (Ridgway). See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 489, 1942.121118. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos) , State of Para, Brazil. June 1, 1887. Collectedby Clarence B. Riker. Original number 150.Zenaida vinaceo-rufa RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 176, September 1, 1884.
=Zenaidura auriculata vinaceo-rufa (Ridgway). See Hellmayr andConover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 493, 1942.97933. Adult female. Curagao Island, Caribbean Sea off Venezuela.February 10-18, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and WillardNye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus ZENAIDA BonaparteMelopelia asiatica nieamsi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 107, May 27, 1915.
=Zenaida asiatica mearnsi (Ridgway). See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 499, 1942.121177. Adult male. Five miles north of Nogales, Santa Cruz County,Arizona. June 2, 1891. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Originalnumber 1187.Zenaida asiatica alticola SaundersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 83, May 14, 1951.397507. Adult male. Near Patzun (at about 6,900 feet), Departmentof Chimaltenango, Guatemala. March 5, 1942. Collected by GeorgeB. Saunders. Original number 1612. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Columba meloda von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 9: 385, 1843.
=Zenaida asiatica meloda (von Tschudi). See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica, New York 27: 50, 1942.41390. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This form was described from an undisclosed number of cotypes.Hellmayr and Conover (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 [1]:502,1942) state categorically "type in Neuchatel Museum," but our specimen isnonetheless a cotype.
116 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUIM BULLETIN 221Genus STREPTOPELIA BonaparteTurlur stinipsoni StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 399, November 3, 1887.
=Streptopelia orientalis stimpsoni (Stejneger). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 90, 1937.21220. Adult (sex not indicated). "Liu Kiu Island"=Okinawa Island,Ryukyu Islands, East China Sea. December 1854. Collected by Wil-liam Stimpson. Original number 166. U.S. North Pacific Surveyingand Exploring Expedition (1853-1856).Turtur abbotti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 513, June 24, 1896.
=Streptopelia picturata picturata (Temminck). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 91, 1937.128724. Adult female. Mahe Island, Seychelle Islands, western IndianOcean. July 19, 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.Turtur saturalus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 600, August 16, 1893 (advance sheet).
=Streptopelia picturata saturata (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3 : 91, 1937.128725. Adult male. lie Poivre, Amirante Islands, western Indian Ocean.August 27 (not 22), 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.Streptopelia chinensis edwardi RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 99, June 16, 1948.390144. Adult male. Chabua, Lakhimpur District, Assam State, India.December 22, 1946. Collected by Edward C. Migdalski. Originalnumber 74. Smithsonian-Yale Expedition.Streptopelia chinensis setzeri DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 68 (23) : 145, October 31, 1955.275893. Adult female? Ipin (Suifu), Szechwan Province, China. Jan-uary 15, 1923. Collected by David C. Graham.Genus SCARDAFELLA BonaparteScardafella ridgwayi Richmondin Robinson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 660, August 12, 1896.
=Scardafella squammata ridgivayi Richmond. See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 507, 1942.151644. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea ofF the State ofSucre, Venezuela. June 30, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 362.Genus COLUMBIGALLINA BoieColumbigallina passerine aflavida W. Palmer and RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 33, March 5, 1902.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 117Chainaepelia axantlia P. R. LoweIbis (9) 2: 114, January 1908.
=Columbigallina passerina insularis Ridgway. See Hellrnayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 527, 528, 1942.171194. Adult male. San Diego de los Baiios, Province of Pinar del Rio,Cuba. April 10, 1900. Collected by WiUiam Palmer and Joseph H.Riley. Original number 296.Coliiinbigalliiia passeriiia insularis "Towns., MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 574, August 6, 1888.
=Columbigallina passerina insularis Ridgway. See Hellrnayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 527, 1942.111217. Adult male. Grand Cayman Island, Cayman Islands, CaribbeanSea south of Cuba. March 16, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Town-send. Original number 1837.Chaeinepelia passerina navassae WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 149, September 26, 1930.
=Columbigallina passerina navassae (Wetmore). See Hellrnayr andConover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 529, 1942.317212. Adult male. Navassa Island (west of the southwestern cape ofHispaniola) , Caribbean Sea. May 10, 1930. Collected by Watson M.Perrygo. Original number 566. Parish-Smithsonian Expedition toHaiti.Colunibigallina passerina exigua RileyProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 29: 171, September 30, 1905.177211. Adult male. Mona Island (in the Mona Passage between PuertoRico and Hispaniola), Caribbean Sea. August 16 (not 10), 1901.Collected by Beecher S. Bowdish.Chaniaepelia passerina? var. pallescens BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 305, January 12, 1860.
=Columbigallina passerina pallescens (Baird). See Hellrnayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 514, 1942.13013. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 451.13014. Adult female. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 452.13015. Adult female. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.April 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 63.Baird described this race from "an extensive series . . . from Cape St.Lucas," but only three specimens still in the collection can be consideredcertain cotypes. Of these, No. 13013 was long ago set aside by Richmondas the type, evidently because it is a male and in good condition ; it is, how-ever, but one of three (or more) cotypes. No. 13012 would also be a cotype;it was sent in February 1860 to A. D. Bache, and its present whereabouts isunknown.
118 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221C[o!uiiibigallina]. passeriua socorroeusis RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 586, September 1887.
=Columbigallina passerina socorroensis Ridgway. See Hellmayr andConover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 515,516, 1942.50829. Adult female. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. Entered into the museum register on April25, 1868. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson, Original number 162.Chaemepelia passerina parvula ToddAnn. Carnegie Mus. 8: 544, May 8, 1913.
=Columbigallina passerina parvula (Todd) . See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 517, 1942.128195. Adult male. Honda, Department of Tolima, Colombia. July14, 1892. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Original number 5a.Genus OENA SwainsonCEna capeusis anonyma OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 843, July 8, 1905.=Oena capensis capensis (Linnaeus). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153:234,235, 1930.117868. Adult male. "Plains East of Kilimanjaro"=somewhere betweenMount Kilimanjaro, Moshi District, Tanganyika Territory, and Taveta,Teita District, Kenya Colony, and at no great distance from the UseriRiver. December 11, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus TURTUR BoddaertChalcopelia afra kilimensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 383, January 19, 1915.=Turtur afer afer (Linnaeus). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 3: 112, 1937.1 17864. Adult male. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 5,000 feet) , TanganyikaTerritory. June 8, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Chalcopelia chalcospila intensa MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48:384, January 19, 1915.=Turtur chalcospilos chalcospilos (Wagler). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153:240-242, 1930.243506. Adult male. "On the Hawash River"=bank of the HawashRiver, somewhere between Sadi Malka, where the JibutiAddis Ababarailway crosses the river (February 3), and a point at about lat. 8?30'N., long. 39?30' E. (February 13), Ethiopia. February 11, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 20178. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition (1911-1912).Chalcopelia chalcospila media MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 385, January 19, 1915.=Turtur chalcospilos chalcospilos (Wagler). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153: 240-242, 1930.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 119243515. Adult male. "Near the south end of South Lake Abaya [=LakeChamo]," near Gardula (lat. 5?35' N., long. 37?27' E.), Ethiopia.March 23, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number20885. Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Ghalcopelia chalcospila acanthina OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 845, July 8, 1905.=Turtur chalcospilos chalcospilos (Wagler). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 113, 1937.119253. Adult female. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 5,000 feet), Tan-ganyika Territory. December 6, 1889. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus LEPTOTILA SwainsonLeptotila capitalis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12:6, January 27, 1898.
=Leptotila verreauxi capitalis Nelson. See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 571, 1942.156709. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 6, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4287. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Leptotila verreauxi nuttingi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 107, May 27, 1915.91130. Adult male. Ometepe Island, in Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua.March 7, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Original number741.This specimen was at some unknown period in the possession of HenryK. Coale, in whose collection it was No. 5182.Leptoptila riottei LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 137 (not earlier than April), 1868.
=Leptotila verreauxi riottei (Lawrence). See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 573,574, 1942.43044. Adult male. Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Janu-ary 1866. Collected by Juan Cooper. Original number 106.Leptotila insularis Richmondin Robinson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 659, August 12, 1896.
=Leptotila verreauxi verreauxi (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 575, 576, 1942.151639. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 6, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson.Original number 437.
500936?61-
120 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Leptoptila chalcauchenia "Salvadori, MS." Sclater and Salvin.Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 633, March 1870.
=Leptotila verreauxi chlorauchenia (Giglioli and Salvadori). SeeHellmayr and Conover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 583,1942.55859. Adult male. Conchitas (a station of the Ferrocarril del Sud,which, on December 28, 1930, was oflScially renamed Estacion Hud-son), near Quilmes, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. December
' 1868. Collected by William H. Hudson. Original number 58.55860. Adult male. Conchitas (a station of the Ferrocarril del Sud,which, on December 28, 1930, was officially renamed Estacion Hud-son), near Quilmes, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. September1868. Collected by William H. Hudson. Original number 57.Leptoptila bonaparlii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10: 15 (not earlier than February),
, 1871.
=Leptotila plumbeiceps plumbeiceps (Sclater and Salvin) . See Hellmayrand Conover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 586, 1942.29693. Adult male. Playa Vicente ("P. V." on label). State of Vera-cruz (c/. Hellmayr and Conover, loc. cit. footnote 2), Mexico. June1859. Collected by Adolphe Boucard? Received from AugusteSalle.Engyptila wellsi LawrenceAuk 1 (2) : 180, April 1884.
., =Leptotila wellsi (Lawrence). See Helhnayr and Conover, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 1(1): 584, 1942.y, 126924. Adult female. Fontenoy, Saint George's, Grenada Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. February 16, 1884. Collected by JohnG. Wells.Engyptila vinaceiventris RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 583, August 6, 1888.
=Leptotila cassinii cerviniventris (Sclater and Salvin). See Hellmayrand Conover, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 566, 567,1942.112592. Adult male. TrujUlo, Department of Colon, Honduras. Sep-tember 27, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Genus GEOTRYGON GosseGeotrygon rufiventris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 11:90 (not earlier than February),
'' 1875.
=Geotrygon veraguensis Lawrence. See Hellmayr and Conover, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 608, 609, 1942; Wetmore, Proc.Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 173, 1950.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 12168024. Adult (sex not indicated). "Costa Rica, Talamanca"= (prob-ably) Sipurio (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910), CostaRica or Panama (contested territory). February-May 1874. Col-lected by Juan Cooper. Received from William M. Gabb.Oreopeleia lawrencii carrikeri WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 205, December 8, 1941.
=Geotrygon lawrencii carrikeri (Wetmore). See Wetmore, Proc. Biol.Soc. Washington 63: 173, 1950.359656. Adult female. Volcan San Martin (at elev. 3,000-4,000 feet).Sierra de Tuxtla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. April 17, 1940, Col-lected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 766.Geotrygon goldmani oreas WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 172, December 29, 1950.423145. Adult male. Above Quebrada Cauchero (at elev. 1,250 feet),Cerro Chucanti, Serrania de Maje, Province of Panama, Panama.March 18, 1950. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M.Perrygo. Original number 15791.Geotrygon goldmani NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 2, September 27, 1912.=Geotrygon goldmani goldmani Nelson. See Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 63: 172, footnote 2, 1950.232545. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,000 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Province of Darien, Panama. March 5, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15293. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Geotrj'gon costaricensis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 136 (not earlier than April), 1868.30431. Adult (sex not indicated) . Las Cruces de la Candelaria {fide vonFrantzius, Journ. fiir Orn. 17: 371, 1869), Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Entered into the museum register on November 6, 1863. Col-lected by Alexander von Frantzius. Original number 153.Oreopeleia myslacea beattyi DanforthProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51 : 73, May 19, 1938.=Geotrygon mystacea mystacea (Temminck). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 600, 601, 1942;Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63 : 173, 1950.354229. Adult male. Prosperity Garden, Saint Croix, American VirginIslands, Caribbean Sea. February 20, 1938. Collected by Harry A.Beatty. Received from Stuart T. Danforth, in whose collection it wasNo. 2996.Geotrygon sabae RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 13, February 21, 1903.=Geotrygon mystacea mystacea (Temminck). See Hellmayr and Con-over, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1(1): 600, 1942; Wetmore,Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 173, 1950.
122 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22180982. Subadult female. Saba Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1880 (not later than October 23, when it was entered into the museumregister). Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 104.Geotrygon albifacies rubida NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 151, November 30, 1903.
=Geotrygon linearis rubida Nelson. See Hellmayr and Conover, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 1 (1) : 611, 1942; Wetmore, Proc. Biol.Soc. Washington 63: 173, 1950.185510. Adult male. Omilteme, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 19,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9938. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Geotrygon coeruleiceps LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 136 (not earlier than April), 1868.
=Geotrygon linearis chiriquensis Sclater. See Hellmayr and Conover,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 1 (1): 614,615, 1942; Wetmore,Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 173, 1950.51266. Adult female. Cervantes, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. April15, 1867. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 273.Columba frenata von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 9: 386, 1843.
=Geotrygon frenata frenata (von Tschudi) . See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica 27: 50, 1942; Hellmayr and Conover, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 1 (1) : 617, 1942; Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington63: 173, 1950.41931. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru=(probably) Valley of Chan-chamayo, Department of Junin, Peru (see Hellmayr and Conover, loc.cit.) . Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This form was described from an undisclosed number of cotypes. Hell-mayr and Conover {loc. cit.) state categorically "type in Neuchatel Museum,'*and that at least one other cotype is (or was) there is shown by the fact tliatSclater, subsequently to the arrival of our specimen at Washington, examinedvon Tschudi's "type" (see Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 783, 1873).Genus GALLICOLUMBA HeckPhlogoenas menagei Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 : 10, December 8, 1894.
=Gallicolumba menagei (Bourns and Worcester). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 3: 134, 1937.316129. Adult male. Tawitawi Island, Sulu Province, Philippine Islands.Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Received from
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 123the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the MinnesotaAcademy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3533 of the MenageCollection.316130. Adult male. Tataan, Tawitawi Island, Sulu Province, PhilippineIslands. October 19, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and FrankS. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 3532 of the Menage Collection.No. 316129 has lost the collectors' label, on which was presumably foundfull data. The exhibition label it now bears gives only the information listedabove.Peristera pectoralis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 205, "pi. Lix," 1848.
=Gallicolumba erythroptera (Gmelin). See Murphy, Amer. Mus. Nov.115:8,9, 1924.15740. Adult female. Carlshoff Island=Aratika Island (lat. 15?33'25''S., long. 145?39' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. September 3, 1839.Original number 580. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15741. Adult female. Carlshoff Island=Aratika Island, Tuamotu Islands,Oceania. September 3, 1839. Original number 580. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Genus DIDUNCULUS PealeDidunculus slrigirostris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 209, "pi. LX," 1848.
=Didunculus slrigirostris (Jardine). See Salvadori, Catalogue of thebirds in the British Museum 21 : 626, 1893.14806. Adult (sex not indicated). Upolu Island (lat. 13?46' S., long.171?20' W.), Samoan Islands, Oceania. Original number 557. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Three specimens were taken, of which one (presumably the young "coveredwith a sepia-coloured down") was lost by the wreck of a ship. Peale'sdescription was based upon an adult male and an adult female, and entriesfor the two are found in the museum register; No. 21854, however, hasvanished without trace.This bird had been named Gnathodon slrigirostris by Jardine three yearsearlier, and while Peale used Jardine's specific name, he credited it to him-self. Peale, in fact, knew of Jardine's description (see p. 209, footnote),
"but the authorities who had the work in charge made him describe as neweverything that was new at the time the Expedition collected it! This isexplained in Peale's suppressed introduction" {ex Richmond MS.). Ourspecimen is then a type of slrigirostris of Peale only
!
124 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Order PSITTACIFORMES: Lories, Parrots, MacawsFamily PSITTACIDAE: Lories, Parrots, MacawsGenus KAKATOE CuvierKakatoe parvulus abbotti OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 181, November 2, 1917.=Kakatoe sulphurea abbotti Oberholser. See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian Birds, p. 92, 1935.181453. Adult male. Pulau Solombo Besar, eastern Java Sea. December4, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.
1 Genus ARA LacepedeAra militaris mexicana RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 106, May 27, 1915.155409. Adult male. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico. February 5,1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 40. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus ARATINGA SpixConurus holochlorus var. brevipes "Baird, M.S." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist, New York 10: 14 (not earlier than February orMarch), 1871.
=Aratinga holochlora brevipes (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 186, 1937.39971. Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. Spring 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Gray-son. Original number 1.Conurus holochlorus strenuus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 106, May 27, 1915.
=Aratinga strenua (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 3: 186, 1937.91098. Adult male. Ometepe Island, in Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua.February 23, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Original number654.C[onurus]. mitratus von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10: 304, 1844.
=Aratinga mitrata mitrata (von Tschudi). See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica, New York, 27: 50, 1942.41926. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 125Genus LEPTOSITTACA von Berlepsch and StolzmannLeptosittaca branickii von Berlepsch and StolzmannIbis (6) 6; 402, pi. 11, July 1894.159801. Adult female. "Maraynioc Culumachay" (elev. 10,000 feet),Department of Junin, Peru. March 2, 1893. Collected by Jan Kali-nowski. Original number 1911. Received from the Branicki Museum,Warsaw.This form was based upon a series of two adult males, four adult females,and one immature. All of the six adults have equivalent standing as cotypes.Genus PYRRHURA BonaparteC[onurus]. rupicola von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10: 304, 1844.
=Pyrrhura rupicola (von Tschudi) . See Friedmann and Deignan, Zoo-logica. New York 27: 50, 1942.41925. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This bird was described from an unknown number of cotypes. In addi-tion to the specimen here listed, "a type of the species," formerly part of theSclater Collection, is now in the collection of the British Museum (see Cata-logue of the birds in the British Museum 20: 225, 1891)
.
Genus BOLBORHYNCHUS BonaparteGrammopsittaca lineola maculata RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 106, May 27, 1915.
=Bolborhynchus lineola maculatus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 202, 1937.106056. Adult (sex not indicated). Locality unknown=Peru (see Chap-man, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 33: 632-633, 1914) . Entered into themuseum register on November 16, 1885. Received from the Departmentof State, which acquired it from one of the national exhibits (presum-ably that of Peru) at the World's Industrial and Cotton CentennialExposition in New Orleans (1884-1885)
.
Eight imperfect birdskins of three undescribed forms were originally at-tached to a beaded girdle of Indian manufacture. The belt was first sent tothe Division of Ethnology, where the birds were removed for transfer to theDivision of Birds. Genus FORPUS BoiePsittacula insularis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 534 (in key), 541, August 6, 1888.=Forpus cyanopygius insularis (Ridgway) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 203, 1937.
126 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEULl BULLETIN 22137347. Adult female. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit,Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Originalnumber 31.Psittacula exquisita RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 533 (in key), 542, August 6, 1888.=Forpus passerinus spengeli (Hartlaub). See Ridgway, Birds of Northand Middle America 7: 194, 195, 1916; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 3: 203, 1937.70993 (:==17829 reentered) . AduU male. Cartagena, Department of Boli-var, Colombia. Entered into the museum register on July 23, 1860.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 18. U.S. Survey ofthe Rio Atrato.Cassin, in reporting on the collection (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,p. 132, 1860), stated that the birds of this expedition were taken by CharlesJ. Wood and William S. Wood, jr. In the museum registers, however, thesenames are never mentioned, and credit is given only to Schott, who in factwas in charge of natural history, with the Woods as his assistants.Psittacula deliciosa RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 533 (in key) , 545, August 6, 1888.=Forpus passerinus deliciosus (Ridgway) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 204, 1937.112453. Adult male. Diamantina Creek, Diamantina, near Santarem andeast of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos, State of Para, Brazil. June 23,1887. Collected by Clarence B, Riker.Psittacula passerina vivida RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10:533 (in key), 539, August 6, 1888.=Forpus passerinus vividus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 204, 1937.46723. Adult male. State of Bahia, Brazil. Entered into the museumregister in May 1867. Collected by Antonio F. G. de Lacerda, jr. (not
"Mr. Middleton").Genus BROTOGERIS VigorsBrotogeris chrysopterus tenuifrons FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 58: 114, July 18, 1945.325937. Adult male. Santa Isabel, on the Rio Negro, State of Amazonas,Brazil. October 13, 1930. Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R.Blake, and Charles T. Agostini. Original number 3808. NationalGeographic Society Brazil-Venezuela Expedition.Genus PIONUS WaglerP[sittacus] . tumultuossis von TschudiArchiv fUr Naturgeschichte 10: 304, 1844.=Pionus tumultuosus (von Tschudi). See Friedmann and Deignan, Zoo-logica, New York, 27: 50, 1942.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 12741927. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.Genus AMAZONA LessonAmazona albifrons saltuensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 26, May 29, 1899.164257. Adult male. Camoa (lat. 27?13' N., long. 109?18' W.), Stateof Sonora, Mexico. January 16, 1899. Collected by Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 6109. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Amazona vittata gracilipes RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 106, May 27, 1915.169034. Adult male. Culebra Island (in the Vieques Sound, east ofPuerto Rico), Caribbean Sea. February 11, 1899. Collected by ArthurB. Baker. Original number 103.Chrysotis nichollsi LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 3: 254, September 15, 1880.=Amazon arausiaca (P. L. S. Miiller) . See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 7: 229, 231, 1916.79948. Adult (probably male). Campbell, Dominica Island, LeewardIslands, Caribbean Sea. (Not later than March) 1879. Received fromHenry A. A, Nicholls, who bought it in the market.Amazona oratrix tresmariae NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 256, July 1900.=Amazona ochrocephala tresmariae Nelson. See Peters, Checldist ofbirds of the world 3: 221, 1937.156735. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 4, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4246. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.A[mazona]. oratrix RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 587, 1887.=Amazona ochrocephala oratrix Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 221, 1937.54206. Adult male. Petapa, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. October 25, 1868.Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 102.Ridgway's name was originally a mere substitute for Chrysotis levaillantiiG. R. Gray, 1859, not Amazona levaillantii Lesson, 1831; it was accompaniedby a description of the adult, but no particular specimen was mentioned, andthus, by implication, the type of oratrix was the same as the type of Gray'slevaillantii.When Nelson, in 1900, separated A. o. tresmariae from A. oratrix, he statedthat "the type of Mr. Ridgway's A. oratrix came from Petapa, Oaxaca";here for the first time the existence of a definite type specimen was suggested.
128 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
' ' Since No. 54206 was the only adult from Petapa in the museum, it followsthat it must have been the example Nelson and/or Ridgway had in mind forlectotypeship, and since Ridgway's name was accompanied by a full de-scription, the specimen may be considered a valid type.P[sittacus]. mercenarius von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10: 303, 1844.=Amazona mercenaria mercenaria (von Tschudi). See Friedmann andDeignan, Zoologica, New York, 27: 50, 1942.41928. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.Genus GEOFFROYUS BonaparteGeoflfroyus timorlaoensis A. B. MeyerSitzungsber. und Abhandl. der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isiszu Dresden, Abhandl., p. 15 (not earlier than July) 1884.
=Geoffroyus geoffroyi timorlaoensis A. B. Meyer. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 3: 234, 1937.317785. Female (immature?). Timorlaut (Tanimbar) Islands (betweenTimor Island and New Guinea) , Arafura Sea. May 1883. Collected byRiedel. Original number 7188 (on collector's label) or 7734 (on Dres-
, den type label). Received from the Staatliche Museen fiir Tier-undVolkerkunde, Dresden, where it was No. 20402.There were 11 specimens in Meyer's original series, of which (to judgefrom the statement of Salvadori, Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle Molucche,Aggiunte, p. 35, 1889) but four (three males, one female) were later labeledas cotypes. Since this example bears the blue type label of the DresdenMuseum, on which appears the word "Cotypus," it is presumably the "fem-mina giovane" mentioned by Salvadori.Genus PRIONITURUS WaglerPrioniturus malindangensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 437, May 22, 1909.
=Prioniturus discurus malindangensis Meams. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 237, 1937.200887. Adult female. Mount Lebo (at elev. 5,000 feet), a spur ofMoimt Malindang, Misamis Occidental Province, Mindanao Island,Philippine Islands. May 14, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Meams.Original number 14131.Genus TANYGNATHUS WaglerTanygnathus luclonensis slquijorensis SalomonsenVidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Naturh. Foren. 115:220, November 28,1953.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 129314890. Adult male. Siquijor Island, Philippine Islands. February 27,1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 91 ofthe Menage Collection.Genus PSITTACULA CuvierConurus fasciatus abbotti OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 29, April 11, 1919.
==Psittacula alexandri abbotti (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 3: 244, 1937.178825. Adult male. South Andaman Island, Andaman Islands, Bay ofBengal. January 17, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Conurus fasciatus calus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 4, October 26, 1912.
=Psittacula alexandri cola (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 340, 1944.179664. Adult male. Sibobo Bay, Simulue (Simalur) Island, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. October 21, 1902. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Palaeornis major RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15 : 188, August 6, 1902.
=Psittacula alexandri major (Richmond) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 341, 1944.179111. Adult male. Pulau Babi, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 14, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Conurus fasciatus perioncus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 4, October 26, 1912.
=Psittacula alexandri perionca (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 341, 1944.180817. Adult male. Samasama, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. February 22, 1905. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott. Genus PROSOPEIA BonapartePlatycercus atrogularis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 129, "pi. xxxv,"1848.
=Prosopeia tabuensis atrogularis (Peale) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 250 (footnote 2), 1937; Mayr, Birds of the SouthwestPacific, p. 133, 1945.13974. Adult (sex not indicated). Shores of the Fiji Islands==VanuaLevu or Kioa Island, Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 335.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
130 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22113981. Adult male. Shores of the Fiji Islands=Vanua Levu or KioaIsland, Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 335 (not 336, as givenon old exhibition label). U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).There are seven entries for this form in the museum register. Of these,both No. 13971 and No. 22463 are said to have had the original number434, which would make them examples of Anthobaphes violaceus (Lin-naeus). It is possible that No. 22463 is a mere reentry of No. 13971, butin any case the specimens cannot now be found. No. 13973 has vanishedwithout trace. No. 32541 is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology,where it is No. 17732 ; our missing No. 32540 may be the cotype No. 74344of the same museum.The old exhibition label attached to No. 13981 bears the name Apro-smictus anna; it is not, however, the specimen so identified by Cassin, aswill appear from a comparison of the bird with Cassin's description.Platycercus splendeiis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 127, "pi. xxxiv,"1848.
=Prosopeia tahuensis splendens (Peale). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 3: 251, 1937.13987. Adult female. Shores of Peale's River (=Rewa River), VitiLevu, Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 336. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842 )
.
-' 14974. Adult (sex not indicated). Shores of Peale's River (=RewaRiver) , Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, Oceania. Original number 336. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).There are five entries for this form in the museum register. Of these.No. 13993 ("young") is probably the specimen of P. personata mistaken byPeale for the immature of splendens. No. 14974 ("mtd.") is perhaps areentry of No. 13988 ("mtd."), which would otherwise be left unaccountedfor. No. 13994 is then left to represent the specimen now in the Museumof Comparative Zoology (where it is No. 74343)
.
Genus PSITTINUS BlythPsittinus cyanurus pontius OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 5, October 26, 1912.179643. Adult male. South Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. December 18, 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Psittinus abbotti RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15 (37) : 188, August 6, 1902.=Psiuinus cyanurus abbotti Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.ZooL 94:342-343, 1944.179106. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 11, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 131Genus LORICULUS BlythLoriculus vernalis pliilelicus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 207, December 31, 1956.153682. Adult female. Ban Phra Muang (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?30' E.)
,
Trang Province, Thailand. March 15, 1896. Collected by William L.Abbott.Loriculus galgulus lamprochlorus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 5, October 26, 1912.
=Loriculus galgulus galgulus (Linnaeus) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:343-344, 1944.180821. Adult male. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 14, 1905. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Loriculus galgulus doliclioptcrus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 5, October 26, 1912.
=Loriculus galgulus galgulus (Linnaeus). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 343, 344, 1944.180680. Adult female. Enggano Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 6, 1904. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus PLATYCERCUS VigorsPlalycercus elegans fleurieuensis AshbyEmu 17(1): 44, July 2, 1917.254919. Adult male. Second Valley, Fleurieu Peninsula, State of SouthAustralia, Australia. March 14, 1917. Collected by Edwin Ashby.Received from Edwin Ashby, of whose private collection it once formedpart.425205. Adult male. Cape Jervis, at the extremity of the FleurieuPeninsula, State of South Australia, Australia. March 14, 1917. Col-lected by Frank E. Parsons. Received from the South AustralianMuseum, where it was No. B. 22752.Order CUCULIFORMES: Plantain-eaters, CuckoosFamily MUSOPHAGIDAE: Plantain-eatersGenus TAURACO KlukTuracus Iiartlaubi caerulescens MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13) : 4, November 26, 1915.=Tauraco hartlaubi (Fischer and Reichenow). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus Bull. 153: 250-251, 1930; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 7, 1940.
132 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221217620. Adult male. North Creek, Mount Gargues (at elev. 6,000 feet).Northern Frontier Province, Kenya Colony. August 28, 1911. Col-lected by Edmund Heller. Original number 271. Rainey AfricanExpedition (1911).Turacus hartlaubi medius MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13) : 3, November 26, 1915.=Tauraco hartlaubi (Fischer and Reichenow). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153:250-251, 1930; Peters checklist of birds of theworld 4:7, 1940.214870. Adult female. Mount Kenya (at elev. 10,000 feet), at the junc-tion of Embu, Meru, North Nyeri, and South Nyeri Districts, KenyaColony. October 4, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Meams. Originalnumber 17008. Smithsonian African Expedition.Turacus hartlaubi crissalis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13) : 3, November 26, 1915.=Tauraco hartlaubi (Fischer and Reichenow). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153: 250-251, 1930; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4:7, 1940.217621. Adult female. Mount Mbololo (at elev. 4,000 feet), east ofMount Kilimanjaro at lat. 3? S., Kenya Colony. November 9, 1911.Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number 418. Rainey AfricanExpedition (1911).Genus CORYTHAEOLA HeineCorythaeola crislata yalensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 65 (13): 5, November 26, 1915.217630. Adult male. Yala River, in the general vicinity of Kakamegaand Kaimosi, North Kavirondo District, Kenya Colony. February 7,1912 (not 1911). Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number454. Rainey African Expedition (1911).Family CUCULIDAE: Cuckoos, Roadrunners, AnisGenus CUCULUS LinnaeusCuculus peninsulae StejnegerU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 29 : 227 (not earlier than July) , 1885.
==Cuculus saturatus horsfieldi Moore. See Hartert, Vogel der palaark-tischen Fauna 2:949, 1912; Junge, Temminckia 2: 198-202, 1937.89128. Adult female. Copper Island, Commander Islands, SouthwesternBering Sea. June 19, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1213.The flattened wing of this specimen measures 201 mm.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 133Cuculus fucatus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 136, "pi. xxxvn, fig.2," 1848.
=Cuculus saturatus saturatus Blylh. See Junge, Temminckia 2: 201-202, 1937.14018. Adult male. Mangsi Island (8 miles north of Banggai Island),in the Balabac Strait, north of British North Borneo. February 9-12,1842 {fide Wilkes, Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition5: 381-387, 1845). Original number 384. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842). Genus CACOMANTIS S. MiiUerCacomantis merulinus subpallidus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 5, October 26, 1912.=Cacomantis merulinus threnodes Cabanis and Heine. See Ripley,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 345, 1944.179682. Subadult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 26, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Cuculus simus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 134, "pi. xxxvii, fig.1," 1848.
=Cacomantis pyrrophanus simus (Peale) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 28, 1940.14008. Adult male. Sandalwood Bay, at the western end of Vanua Levu,Fiji Islands, Oceania. July 20, 18?. Original number 379. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Genus SURNICULUS LessonSurniculus lugubris massorhinus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 300, July 19, 1924.
=Surniculus lugubris dicruroides (Hodgson). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 122, 1935.181212. Adult female. Siak River (of which the mouth is at about lat.1?12' N., long. 102?00' E.) , eastern Sumatra. January 3, 1907. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Surniculus lugubris barussaruni OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 5, October 26, 1912.179679. Adult female. Tana Bala Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. February 10, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.
134 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUIM BULLETIN 221Genus EUDYNAMYS Vigors and HorsfieldEudynamis scolopacea dolosa RipleyAuk 63 (2) : 241, April 8, 1946.=Eudynamys scolopacea dolosa Ripley.178508. Adult male. Barren Island, Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal.January 7, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus URODYNAMIS SalvadoriEudynamys cuneicauda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 139, "pi. xxxvni, fig.2," 1848.=Urodynamis taitensis (Sparrman). See Bogert, Amer. Mus. Nov.933:1, 1937.14035. Immature (sex not indicated) . Ovalau Island (lat. 17?40'46" S.,long. 178?52'40" E.), Fiji Islands, Oceania. May 18?. Originalnumber 393. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Urodynamis taitensis pheleles WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30: 1, January 22, 1917.=Urodynamis taitensis (Sparrman). See Bogert, Amer. Mus. Nov.933:1,4,1937.124653. Adult female. Otago Province, South Island, New Zealand.Entered into the museum register on October 26, 1891. Collected byW. Smythe. Received from the Auckland Museum.Genus COCCYZUS VieillotC[occyzus]. americanus occidentalis RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 273, September 1887.=Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 42, 1940.99204. Adult male. Gardner's Ranch, Santa Rita Mountains, Santa CruzCounty, Arizona. June 29, 1884. Collected by Ed^vard W. Nelson.Original number 223.Ridgway gave no specific type locality for this race, which was describedfrom a series of at least nine specimens. Since the describer himself wrotethe name on the red type label, and no other example came from the sameplace. No. 99204 may properly be considered the sole type.Coccyzus minor palloris RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 105, May 27, 1915.198745. Adult female. Pigres (at the point where the Rio Grande deTarcoles enters the Gulf of Nicoya), Province of Puntarenas, CostaRica. February 3, 1905. Collected by Robert Ridgway.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 135C[occyzu8]. maynardi RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 274, September 1887.
=Coccyzus minor maynardi Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 42, 1940.105446. Adult male. Ten Thousand Islands, Collier or Monroe County,Florida. May 1885. Received from Charles K. Worthen.The type locality for this form was given as "Bahamas and Florida Keys."That No. 105446 may be considered the sole type is indicated by the factsthat the name on the red type label is in Ridgway's hand ; that the race wasnamed for Maynard, with a reference to his studies of Floridian birds; andthat this specimen was apparently the only one seen from Florida.Coccyzus minor rileyi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 105, May 27, 1915.191153. Adult male. Barbuda Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.August 23, 1903. Collected by H. G. Selwyn Branch.Genus SAUROTHERA VieUlotSaurothera longirostris petersi Richmond and SwalesProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 105, March 17, 1924.
=Saurolhera vetula petersi Richmond and Swales. See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 4: 50, 1940.251486. Adult male. Near La Mahotiere, lie de la Gonave (in the Gulfof Gonai'ves) , Hispaniola. February 20, 1918. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Genus RHOPODYTES Cabanis and HeinePhoenicophaeus nigrivenlris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 140, "pi. XXXIX, fig.1," 1848.
=Rhopodytes diardi diardi (Lesson). See Meyer de Schauensee, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 98:20, 1946.14047. Adult (sex not indicated). Singapore Island, Malaya. Collectedby Titian R. Peale. Original number 401. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Peale referred to "specimens," but the exact number is now unknown.The museum register shows two entries; No. 14046 is now in the Museumof Comparative Zoology, where it is No. 75754.Rhopodyles sumatranus minor RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51:96, May 19, 1938.181804. Adult male. Tanjong Batu (lat. 2?18' N., long. 118?05' E.),eastern Borneo. August 25, 1912. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 119 or 119 bis.
500936?61 10
136 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus RHINORTHA VigorsAnadaenus ruficauda Peale i^U.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 142, "pi. xxxix, fig.2," 1848.
=Rhinortha chlorophaea chlorophaea (Raffles). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 132, 1935.14048. Adult female (not male). Singapore Island, Malaya. Originalnumber 403. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14050. Adult female (not male). Same data as No. 14048.Peale referred to "specimens," and Cassin's MS. list indicates that he sawthree, a number that agrees with the entries in the museum register. No.14045 is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (where it is No,75755).Peale did not understand the plumages of this dimorphic species. Mis-taking the males for females, he correctly placed them under the namechlorophaea; the females, believed to be males, he described as a new species,with the reservation that they might prove to be the old male of chlorophaea.Cassin properly synonymized ruficauda with chlorophaea, but his MS. notesshow that he also attributed each style of plumage to the wrong sex. As aresult, the old exhibition labels still attached to the specimens say "Male?"in the case of females, and "Female?" in the case of males.Rhinortha chlorophaea facta RipleyAuk 59 (4): 575, October 10, 1942.179678. Adult male. Tana Massa Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean ojff Sumatra. February 20, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Genus RHAMPHOCOCCYX Cabanis and HeineRhamphococcyx centralis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 156, December 30, 1918.=Rhamphococcyx calyorhynchus centralis Riley. See Stresemann, Journ.fur Orn. 88:459-460, 1940; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world4:55, 1940.250806. Adult male. Rano Lindu, near the Lindu Lake, central Celebes.March 21, 1917. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number3989. Genus MOROCOCCYX SclaterMorococcyx erythropygus mexicanus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 105, May 27, 1915.29235. Adult male. Juchitan, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. March 1862.Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 24.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 137Genus DROMOCOCCYX WiedDromococcyx gracilis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 559, October 26, 1885.=Dromococcyx pavoninus von Pelzeln. See Ridgway, Birds of Northand Middle America 7:87 (footnote a), 1916.81853. Adult (sex not indicated). Demerara County, British Guiana.Acquired by Robert Ridgway from the collector in January 1879. Col-lected by Otto Lugger. Original number 80. Received on April 7,1881, from Robert Ridgway, in whose private collection it had nonumber. Genus CENTROPUS lUigerCentropus carpenteri MearnsPhihppine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 356, October 1907.=Centropus viridis carpenteri Mearns. See McGregor, PhilippineJourn. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 340, October 1907; Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 71, 1940 (where reference is made only to Mearns'sname)
.
201874. Adult male. Santo Domingo de Basco (in the foothills of MountIrada), Batan Island, Philippine Islands. May 27, 1907. Collectedby William D. Carpenter. Original number 14. Received from EdgarA. Mearns (in whose private collection it was No. 15190).The specimen here listed is the type of Mearns's description only; the typesof McGregor's were one male and four females in the collection of thePhilippine Bureau of Science.Centropus toulou chanmongi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 68 (23) : 146, October 31, 1955.450015. Adult female (in nuptial plumage). Ban Khlong Khlung (lat.16?10' N., long. 99^45' E.), Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand.April 16, 1953. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number1560.Centropus insularis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 373, November 15, 1894.=Centropus toulou insularis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 71, 1940.128715. Subadult female. Aldabra Island, western Indian Ocean. Oc-tober 3, 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.Centropus nigrifrons PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 137, "pi. xxxviii, fig. 1,"1848.
=Centropus melanops melanops Lesson. See Hachisuka, Birds of thePhilippine Islands 2: 220, 1934.14044. Adult male. Forest near Caldera Bay (about 10 miles northwestof Zamboanga), Zamboanga Province, Mindanao Island, Philippine
138 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
Islands. January 31 or February 1, 1842. Original number 395.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Order STRIGIFORMES: OwlsFamily TYTONIDAE: Barn-owlsGenus TYTO BillbergStrix lulu PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. andOrn.) : 74, "pi. xxi," 1848.=Tyto alba lulu (Peale). See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world4: 80, 1940.13878. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 30. U.S. Explormg Expedition (1838-1842).13881. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 30. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Although Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw but four specimens, themuseum register contains five entries for this form. No. 13877, fromOvalau Island in the Fijis, was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences in1870, as was also No. 13882, a female from the Samoan Islands; both weredestroyed there in the Great Fire. No. 13883, from the Samoan Islands,is now No. 75665 in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.Strix flammea, var. Guatenialse Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5:200, December 1873.=Tyto alba guatemalae (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 80, 1940.40960. Immature (sex not indicated). Chinandega, Department ofChinandega, Nicaragua. Entered into the museum register on January9, 1866. Collected by Fred Hicks. Received through Albert Hopkinsfrom the Williams College Lyceum of Natural History.40961. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 40960.40963. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 40960.This form, said to occur from Panama to Guatemala, was based upon aseries of 13 specimens. If a restricted type locality were to be chosen, onemight suppose, from the name, that it should properly lie somewhere inGuatemala, but as late as 1914 (Birds of North and Middle America 6: 610,footnote a), Ridgway had not yet even seen a Guatemaltecan example andat this time and place he himself restricted the type locality to Chinandegain Nicaragua.Since at least two races occur within the range originally adduced forguatemalae, a restriction was necessary, and accordingly, of the originalmaterial, only the specimens from Chinandega are here treated as cotypes.In addition to those listed, there was a fourth, No. 40962; it was sent onNovember 25, 1872, to "labour College."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 139Tylo perlatus lucayanus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26: 153, June 30, 1913.=Tyto alba lucayana Riley. See Bond, Checklist of birds of the WestIndies, p. 65, 1945.189671. Adult male. New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. June20 (not 30), 1903. Collected by Joseph H. Riley. Original number50. Geographical Society of Baltimore Bahama Expedition.Tyto alba subandeana L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 9: [1], April 21, 1938.16574. Adult (sex not indicated). "Bogota," Colombia. Entered intothe museum register on February 17, 1860. Received from WalterEvans.Tylo alba zottae L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 9: [1], April 21, 1938.=Tyto alba tuidara (J. E. Gray). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4 ; 81, 1940.161935. Adult female. The Pacific Slope Cordillera of the Andes, atthe head of the Rio Chico de Santa Cruz, Territory of Santa Cruz,Argentina. February 8, 1897. Collected by John B. Hatcher. Re-ceived (in October 1897) from William B. Scott. Princeton UniversityExpeditions to Patagonia (1896-1899).Strix flaniniea var. nigrescens LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1:64, September 12, 1878.=Tyto alba nigrescens (Lawrence) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 81, 1940.77843. Adult male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.September 20, 1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original num-ber 375.Ober's label states that his No. 375 is "Mate to #374." No. 374 is ofcourse the female cotype, which seems never to have been entered into themuseum register; it probably became part of Lawrence's private collection.Genus PHODILUS Geoffrey Saint HilairePhodilus badius abbotti OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 302, July 19, 1924.
=Phodilus badius badius (Horsfield). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4:86, 1940; Deignan, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 186: 172, 1945.172948. Adult (sex not indicated). "Bought in Penang, said to havebeen shot in Province Wellesley," Malaya. Entered into the museumregister on September 17, 1900. Received from William L. Abbott.Phodilus badius arixuihus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 40, 1932.174676. Adult male. Bunguran (Great Natuna) Island, North NatunaIslands, South China Sea. July 16, 1900. Collected by Malays forWilliam L. Abbott.
140 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family STRIGIDAE: OwlsGenus OTUS PennantOtus senegalensis dislans Friedmann and DeignaaJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 29 (7) : 287, July 15, 1939.=Otus scops distans Friedmann and Deignan. See Delacour, Zoologica,New York 26: 138-139, 1941.349931. Adult female. Sathani Mae Tha (lat. 18?30' N., long. 99? 10'E.), Province of Chiang Mai, northwestern Siam. February 20, 1936.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 1006.Megascops flammeolus idahoensis MerriamNorth American Fauna 5; 96, pi. 1, July 30, 1891.=Otus scops idahoensis (Merriam) , fide Aldrich MS.119654. Adult male. "On a mountain on the west side of Big WoodRiver, only a few miles north of Ketchum," Blaine County, Idaho.September 22, 1890. Collected by Clinton H. Merriam and Vernon 0.Bailey. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Otus senegalensis caecus FriedmannAuk 46 (4) : 521, October 10, 1929.=Otus scops caecus Friedmann. See Delacour, Zoologica, New York26: 140, 1941.243663. Adult female. Sadi Malka (at the point where the Jibuti-AddisAbaba railway crosses the Hawash River), Ethiopia. February 1,1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 20046.Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Pisorhina umbra RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26:494, February 4, 1903.=Otus scops umbra (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94: 349, 1944.179101. Adult male. Simalur Island, Bariissan Islands, eastern IndianOcean oflF Sumatra. November 29, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Otus umbra enganensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 93, June 30, 1927.
==Otus scops enganensis Riley. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94: 349, 1944.180711. Adult female (rufous phase). Enggano Island, Barussan Is-lands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. November 12, 1904. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Olus steerei MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36:437, May 22, 1909.=Otus manadensis sihutuensis (Bowdler Sharpe). See Hachisuka, Birdsof the Philippine Islands 2: 57, 1934; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4:96, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 141210752. Adult male. Turaindao Islet, oflf Sitanki Island (just west ofSibutu Island), in the southwesternmost group of the Sulu Archipelago,Philippine Islands. October 13, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 14421.Otus bakkamoeua cnepiiaeus DeignanAuk 67 (2): 195, April 28, 1950.179456. Adult female. On the Rumpin River, southern Pahang State,Malaya. July 22, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Otus bakkanioena hypiiodes DeignanAuk 67 (2) : 196, April 28, 1950.181065. Adult male. Pulau Padang, an island off the mouth of the SiakRiver, eastern Sumatra. March 25, 1906. Collected by William L.Abbott.Otus asio lemurum DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 70 (8) : 43, June 28, 1957.=Otus bakkamoena lemurum Deignan, fide Deignan (ms.) ,461686. Adult male. Kanowit, Sarawak. April 29, 1952. Collected byAlastair R. G. Morrison. Original number 1/52. Received from theSarawak Museum, Kuching.Scops Kennicottii ElliotProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 99 (not earlier than September24), 1867.=Otus asio kennicottii (Elliot). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 100, 1940.45847. Adult male. Sitka, Baranof Island, Alaska. March 1866. Col-lected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Collins Overland Telegraph CompanyExpedition.In the original description, Elliot stated that the holotype "belongs to theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Chicago, by the kindness of whose officersI am enabled to bring this bird to the notice of ornithologists." The speci-men was, however, entered into our register as early as March 8, 1867, andseems never to have left the U.S. National Museum, although four of theother five owls received at the same time from the same expedition were sentto Chicago in "1866" and 1867.Otus asio brewsteri RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6:685 (in key), 700, April 8,1914.120014. Adult male. Salem, Marion County, Oregon. February 17,1891. Collected by Clinton T. Cooke. Original number 974. Re-ceived from William Warner and Clinton T. Cooke.Scops asio, e. maxwelllae RidgwayField and Forest 2 : 213, June 1877.=Otus asio maxwelliae (Ridgway) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4 : 101, 1940.
142 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22181893. Adult (sex not indicated). Mountains of Boulder County, Colo-rado. Collected by Martha Ann Dartt (Mrs. James A. Maxwell). Re-ceived from Robert Ridgway, of whose private collection it formed apart.84447. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 81893.The total number of cotypes is not now known ; Ridgway referred simplyto specimens in his own collection and in Mrs. Maxwell's Colorado Museum.At least one other (USNM 81894) was in the Ridgway Collection, but, al-though it was entered into the museum register as a "type," tlie fact that itis a juvenile seems to remove it from serious consideration in this respect.Scops asio, var. Floridanus Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5: 200, December 1873.
==Otus asio floridanus (Ridgway)' See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 101, 1940.5857. Adult (sex not indicated). Indian River, Florida. Entered intothe museum register in 1857 (prior to February 27). Collected byAsa Wall.Asa Wall of Virginia was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the UnitedStates Army on August 29, 1856, and seems to have been first stationed atFort Capron, an installation on the mainland opposite Indian River Inlet(Fort Pierce Inlet) . The type locality of this form might then be restrictedto the vicinity of Saint Lucie, Saint Lucie County, Florida, a town virtuallyon the site of the old fort.Otus asio Iiasbroucki RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6: 684 (in key), 694, April 8, 1914.153359. Adult male. McClenny's Pasture, about 10-15 miles in asoutherly direction from Palo Pinto {fide a verbal statement of the col-lector) , Palo Pinto County, Texas. September 9, 1888. Collected byEdwin M. Hasbrouck. Original number 523. Received in 1896 aspart of the Hasbrouck Collection.Otus asio niychophilus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 27 (8) : 356, August 15, 1937.340593. Adult female. Grand Canyon Village (elev. 6,900 feet). SouthRim of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, Coconino County,Arizona. January 28, 1935. Collected by Russell K. Grater. Orig-inal number 23. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,which acquired it from the Grand Canyon National Park Museum(where it was No. B-148)
.
Scops McCalUi Cassinin Cassin and Stevens, Illustrations of the birds of California, Texas,and British and Russian America, p. 180, July 1854.=Otus asio mccallii (Cassin) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world4: 102, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 1439171. Adult (sex not indicated). Rio Bravo del Norte=Texas, in thelower Rio Grande Valley. September 9, 1853. Collected by ArthurC. V. Schott. United States-lMexican Boundary Survey.Megascops asio cineraceus RidgwayAuk 12 (4) : 390, October 1895.=Otus asio cineraceus (Ridgway) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 102, 1940.110912. Adult male. Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona. Febru-ary 24, 1885. Collected by Harry C. Benson. Original number 284.110914. Adult male. Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona. April4, 1887. Collected by Harry C. Benson. Original number 512.This name is based upon the series erroneously identified as "M [ega-scops], asio trichopsis (Wagl.)" by Ridgway (Manual of North Americanbirds, p. 261, 1887). No type or type locality was mentioned, and theoriginal material included the form later to be named aikeni by Brewster(Auk 8: 139, 1891).In 1910 Swarth, in naming O. a. gilmani (Univ. California Publ. Zool.7:1), observed: "In response to a request for information regarding thetype locality of cineraceus (which is not indicated . . .), Mr. Ridgwaykindly sent me as a topotype a specimen collected at Fort Huachuca,Arizona . . ."The specimen sent was No. 110912, which has subsequently been consid-ered the type. Its claim to this distinction seems, however, to have no morevalidity than that of No. 110914, one of the original series from the samelocality; both specimens are therefore here considered equivalent cotypes.Olus asio claziis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 27 (8) : 357, August 15, 1937.186186. Adult male. San Jacinto Mountains (at elev. 5,500 feet), River-side County, California. April 28, 1903. Collected by FrankStephens. Original number 6221.Megascops ridgwayi Nelson and T. S. PalmerAuk 11 (1):40, January 1894.=Otus trichopsis trichopsis (Wagler). See Ridgway, Birds of Northand Middle America 6: 704, 707, 1914; Moore and Peters, Auk 56: 44,1939.131518. Immature (sex not indicated). "In the pines at an altitude of8,500 feet," Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. July 23, 1892.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 218. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Megascops hastntus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 268, August 1, 1887.=Otus guatemalae hastatus (Ridgway). See Moore and Peters, Auk56:49, 1939.
144 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22185673. Adult (sex not indicated). "La Paz, L. Cal.," error; Ridgway{loc. cit., footnote) suggests Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico, asprobably the true provenience. Winter 1879 (not 1877). Receivedfrom Edward W. Nelson, who purchased it in San Francisco "from acollector who had recently returned from Lower California."[Scops brasilianus] e. cassini RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1: 90 {nomen nudum) , 102, September 12, 1878.=Otus guatemalae cassini (Ridgway). See Moore and Peters, Auk56:51, 1939.27115. Adult (sex not indicated). Hacienda "Mirador," State of Vera-cruz, Mexico. 1861 or 1862. Collected by Carlos Sartorius. Originalnumber 53.33556. Adult female. Hacienda "Mirador," State of Veracruz, Mexico.November 1863. Collected by Carlos Sartorius. Original number 149.No. 33556 has had the facial feathers slightly scorched, with the resultthat the bristly tips have been to a great extent destroyed.Megascops pinosus Nelson and T. S. PalmerAuk 11 (1):39, January 1894.=Otus guatemalae cassini (Ridgway) . See remarks below.131517. Immature male. In the pines at the northeastern base of the Cofrede Perote (at elev. over 8,000 feet), near Las Vigas, State of Veracruz,Mexico. June 9, 1893. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Originalnumber 1235. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.The writer is hesitant to set forth an opinion on this critical form, butwould suggest that if less stress had been placed on the fact that this juvenilehas the toes bristled, the putative race or species pinosus would have beensynonymized long since with Otus guatemalae cassini (Ridgway).Moore and Peters (Auk 56:46, 1939) claim that the type has "all theearmarks of a trichopsis, including small feet, bristled toes, typical juvenileindications of the white spots of collar on hind neck, the inner web of theoutermost primary v/ithout any whitish spots and the bristly tips to thefeathers of the face greatly developed." The small feet are to be expected ina juvenile male; the bristled toes may be usual in the young of cassini ormay represent individual variation; the collar appearing on the hind neck isquite like that of the types of cassini; the outermost primary is still solargely ensheathed as to make it unprofitable to discuss the potential charac-ters of the base of its inner web ; the bristly tips to the feathers of the faceare developed precisely as in cassini. When we add to all this the fact thatthe type of pinosus has the upper parts of exactly the same dark brown asthe types of cassini, the type locality of which is in Veracruz, it is difficultto believe that pinosus is anything but the young of cassini.Megascops marmoratus NelsonAuk 14 ( 1 ) : 49, January 1897.=Otus guatemalae guatemalae (Bowdler Sharpe) . See Moore and Peters,Auk 56:50, 1939.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 145155676. Adult female. Catemaco, State of Veracruz, Mexico. May 4,1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2002. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Megascops vermiculatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 267, August 1, 1887.=Otus guatemalae vermiculatus (Ridgway). See Moore and Peters,Auk 56:53, 1939.55978. Adult (sex not indicated). Costa Rica. Entered into themuseum register on June 15, 1869. Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon.Received from Albert G. Lawrence.Otus vermiculatus helleri L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 12: [1], November 23, 1940.=Otus guatemalae helleri L. Kelso, fide Deignan (MS.)
.
273069. Adult female. Rio Comberciato, in the vicinity of its confluencewith the Rio Urubamba (elev. 4,000 feet), Department of Cuzco, Peru.September 13, 1915. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number501. Yale-National Geographic Peruvian Expedition (1914r-1915).Scops cooperi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1: 116, October 9, 1878.=Otus cooperi (Ridgway). See Moore and Peters, Auk 56:48, 1939.74207. Adult female. Santa Ana de Escazu, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. September 4, 1875. Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon.Original number 738.74552 (=43054 reentered). Immature female- San Jose, Province ofSan Jose, Costa Rica. May 10, 1866. Collected by Jose CastuloZeledon. Original number 240.Although several Costa Rican villages are named Santa Ana, that theprovenience of No. 74207 is the one near San Jose, as suggested by Carriker(Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 353, 1910), is indicated by the fact that Ridgway'soriginal MS. name for this form was "sancti-josephi"Otus choliba alticola L. KelsoBioL Leaflet 8: [1], July 24, 1937.80067 (=66645 reentered). Adult (sex not indicated). "Bogota,"Colombia. Acquired as part of a collection entered into the museumregister on August 18, 1873, although this specimen was set aside asunidentifiable and not entered (simply as "Otus'') until May 13, 1874.Received from Stephen A. Hurlbut and George H. Hurlbut.For an unknown length of time between 1874 and June 23, 1880 (whenit was reentered into the register as No. 80067), the bird was in the privatecollection of Robert Ridgway, where it was No. 2270; during this period themuseum label was removed and Ridgway's own attached, with the dataincorrectly copied?the locality given as "Guatamala" and the collector as
"Van Patten"!
146 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUIJ^I BXJLLETIN 221Otus choliba pintoi L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 8: [1], July 24, 1937.=Otus atricapillus (Temminck) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 106, 1940.50946. Adult (sex not indicated). Brazil (probably Rio Grande do Sul,from which state certain other skins were received from the samesource) . Entered into the museum register on May 5, 1868. Collectedby Frederico de Albuquerque.
Genus BUBO Dumeril
Asio magellaiiicus algistus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 27: 178 (in key), 190, January 22, 1904.=Bubo virginianus algistus (Oberholser) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 110, 1940.70276. Adult (sex not indicated). Saint Michael, on the southern shoreof Norton Sound, western Alaska. April 28, 1875. Collected byLucien McS. Turner. Original number 138. Received from the U.S.Signal OflSce.Asio magellanicus lagophonus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27 : 178 (in key), 185, January 22, 1904.=Bubo virginianus lagophonus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 110, 1940.88377. Adult male. Fort Walla Walla, Walla WaUa County, Washing-ton. November 13, 1881. Collected by ? Cullum for Charles E.Bendire.B[ubo]. virginianus saturatus RidgwayRep. U.S. Geol. Expl. 40th Parallel 4 (3) Om.: 572 (footnote), 1877.=Bubo virginianus saturatus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 111, 1940.11792. Adult female. Camp Semiahmoo, Whatcom County, Washington.December 12, 1858. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Originalnumber 166. Northwestern Boundary Commission.In the first sketchy description, this race was said to be "a northern littoralform," but no definite locality or specimen was mentioned. In 1887 (Man-ual of North American birds, p. 263) Ridgway gave the range as "North-west coast, from Oregon to Alaska."The material available to Ridgway in 1877 came from Sitka, Alaska, andthree different localities in northwestern Washington. In 1904 (Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 27: 187) Oberholser, without comment, gave [Camp] Semiahmooas the type locality, and such action of the first reviser rendered invalidRidgway's later attempt (Birds of North and Middle America 6:749, 1914)to give this honor to Sitka?fortunately, since Oberholser found that thespecimen from Sitka "verges . . . somewhat toward" B. v. lagophonus.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 147Since, of the original series, No. 11792 alone came from Camp Semi-ahmoo, it may be considered the type.Asio magellanicus icelus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27: 178 (in key), 185, January 22, 1904.=Bubo virginianus pacificus Cassin. See Grinnell and A. H. Miller, Dis-tribution of the birds of California [Pacific Coast Avifauna 27], pp.195-196, 1944.141225. Immature (not adult) female. San Luis Obispo, San LuisObispo County, California. November 29, 1891. Collected by Ed-ward W. Nelson. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Bubo virginianus pallescens StoneAmer. Naturalist 31 : 237, March 1897.152219. Adult male. Watson Ranch, on the Medina River, 18 milessouthwest of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. February 15, 1894.Collected by Henry P. Attwater. Original number 279.Bubo virginianus mayensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 170, September 25, 1901.167727. Adult female. Chichen Itza, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Febru-ary 8 (not 1), 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 7594. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Asio magellanicus melancerus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27: 178 (in key), 180, January 22, 1904.
==Bubo virginianus mayensis Nelson. See Griscom, Ibis, pp. 546-547,1935.59497. Adult female. Town of Tehuantepec (just north of Salina Cruz)
,
State of Oaxaca, Mexico. October 16, 1869. Collected by Adrien L. F.Sumichrast. Original nimiber 910.Asio magellanicus mesembrinus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27: 178 (in key), 179, January 22, 1904.=Bubo virginianus mayensis Nelson. See Griscom, Ibis, p. 547, 1935.33218. Adult (sex not indicated) . San Jose, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Entered into the museum register on March 22, 1864. Collectedby Julian Carmiol. Original number 48.Bubo virginianus andicolus L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 13: [1], July 31, 1941.273068. Adult male. Ollantaytambo, Department of Cuzco, Peru.April 25, 1915. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number 47.Yale-National Geographic Peruvian Expedition (1914^1915).Bubo tenuipes ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32:470, June 15, 1907.=Buho bubo tenuipes Clark. See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world4: 115, 1910.114618. Adult male. Fusan, Keisho Province, Korea. December 17,1883. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1352.
148 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Asio maculosus amerimnus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 856, July 8, 1905.=Bubo africanus africanus (Temminck). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153:303, 1930.86457. Adult female. Durban, Natal, Union of South Africa. Enteredinto the museum register on May 18, 1882. Collected by ThomasAyres. Original number 22. Received from the Norwich Museum.Genus PULSATRIX KaupPulsatrix perspicillala saturata RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6: 758, April 8, 1914.155672. Adult female. Mountains near Santo Domingo, State of Oaxaca,Mexico. June 18, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and EdwardA. Goldman. Original number 2809. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Pulsatrix perspicillala aiistini L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 10: 3, November 10, 1938.
=Pulsatrix perspicillala saturata Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 124, 1940.198769. Adult female. Pigres (at the point where the Rio Grande deTarcoles enters the Gulf of Nicoya), Province of Puntarenas, CostaRica. March 4, 1905. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Pulsatrix perspicillala ecuadoreana L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 10: 6, November 10, 1938.
=Pulsatrix perspicilhta chapmani Griscom. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4:124, 1940.101308. Adult (sex not indicated). "Guayaquil, Ecuador," error="theinterior of Ecuador" {fide Jones, in epist. November 11, 1884).Entered into the museum register on January 5, 1885. Received fromWilliam H. Jones, who acquired it, with other birds, from "Mr. Cart-right Agt. P.S.N. Co. Guayaquil as a gift" (in epist. cit.)
.
Pulsatrix perspicillala boliviana L. KelsoBiol. Leaflet 2: [1], December 21, 1933.264558. Adult female. Carapari (elev. 1,000 meters). Department ofTarija, Bolivia. September 1924. Collected by Emilio Budin, Jr.Original number 28.Genus NYCTEA StephensNyctea scandiaca, var. arclica "Gray" Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds,(land birds) 3: 70, January 1874.=Nyctea scandiaca (Linnaeus). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 6:768,772, 1914; Peters, CheckUst of birds of theworld 4: 125, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 14912058. Adult female. Washington, District of Columbia. December4, 1858. Collected by Constantin Drexler. Original number 11.12059. Adult male. Washington, District of Columbia. December 4,1858. Collected by Constantin Drexler. Original number 10.36434. Immature (sex not indicated). Vicinity of the Anderson River(probably near Fort Anderson), District of Mackenzie, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. August 1863. Collected by Eskimos for Rod-erick R. MacFarlane. Original number 1379.Genus GLAUCIDIUM BoieGlaucidium gnoma grinnelli RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6:781 (in key), 791, April 8,1914.107389. Adult male. Humboldt Bay (=near the mouth of the MadRiver, fide Townsend MS.), Humboldt County, California. November28, 1885. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 1356.Glaucidium gnoma pinicola NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23: 103, June 24, 1910.206021. Adult female. Alma, Catron County, New Mexico. December25, 1908. Collected by Clay Hunter. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Glaucidium fisheri Nelson and T. S. PalmerAuk 11 (1) :41, January 1894.=Glaucidium gnoma gnoma Wagler. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 28, 1940.131519. Adult female. "Among the oaks and pines on the southeastslope of Mount Popocatapetl [5tc] at an altitude of about 6500 feet,"near Tochimilco, State of Puebla, Mexico. August 7, 1893. Collectedby Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1454. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Glaucidium siju vittatum RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6: 782 (in key), 805, April 8,1914.172762. Adult male. Nueva Gerona, Isla de Pinos, south of westernCuba. June 30, 1900. Collected by William Palmer and Joseph H.Riley. Original number 565.Glaucidium palmarumi NelsonAuk 18(1): 46, January 1901.=Glaucidium minutissimum palmarum Nelson. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 129, 1940.155955. Adult female. "In the midst of a palm forest on a low ridgenear the sea coast," Arroyo de Juan Sanchez, south of San Bias, Stateof Nayarit, Mexico. April 5, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4042. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
150 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Sl[rix]. minutisslina WiedBeitr. Naturg. Bras. 3(1): 242, 1830.=Glaucidium minutissimum minutissimum (Wied) . See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 4: 129, 1940.76827. Adult male. "Brasilia" (="im Innern der Provinz Bahia," Wied,op cit., p. 245). Collected by Maximilian, Prinz zu Wied. Receivedin 1879 from the American Museum of Natural History, which acquiredit in 1870 as part of the Maximilian Collection.This specimen bears Wied's original label, which reads "Strix minutissima$ /Chouette Caboure Temm./Brasilia, M. R."In the American Musernn are two other cotypes, No. 6345, a male, andNo. 6345 bis, a female; they jointly possess a label with data quite like ours(see Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 2:266, 1889).Glaucidium jardinii coslaricanum L. KelsoAuk 54 (3) : 304, July 2, 1937.90392. Adult (sex not indicated). Costa Rica. Entered into the mu-seum register on June 20, 1883. Received from C. H. Van Patten.Glaucidium ridgwayi Bowdler SharpeIbis (3)5:55, January 1875.
=Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi Bowdler Sharpe. See Brodkorb,Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 450: 1-4, 1941.37876. Adult female. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. March 6,1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 246.Comision cientifica de Yucatan.39176. Adult male. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. March 24,1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 318.Comision cientifica de Yucatan.39178. Adult female. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. March 24,1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 319.Comision cientifica de Yucatan.For a discussion of the claims to typeship of these three specimens, seeBrodkorb (op. cit.). They seem to be the only ones of the original seriesfrom the type locality (as restricted by Brodkorb) still in the museum col-lection.Glaucidium nanum vafrum WetmoreJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 12 (14): 323, August 19, 1922.
=Glaucidium brasilianum nanum (King). See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld4: 131, 1940.284856. Adult female. Concon, Province of Aconcagua, Chile. April 27,1921. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number 6603.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Glaucidium cuculoides austerum RipleyZoologica, New York 33 (4) : 200 December 31, 1948.390166. Adult male. Tezu, Mishmi Hills, Sadiya Frontier Tract, AssamProvince, India. January 11, 1947. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 151Original number 382. Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Ex-pedition.Glaucidium cuculoides deignani RipleyZoologica, New York 33 (4) : 200, December 31, 1948.308542. Adult female. "Nongkhor"=Ban Nong Kho, Rayong Province,southeastern Siam. February 12, 1927. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 1819.Glaucidium cuculoides delacouri RipleyZoologica, New York 33 (4) : 201, December 31, 1948.304182. Adult female. Bac Tan Tray (not Baetan Tray), 36 km. NNE.of Laichau, Laichau or Laokay Province, Tongking. May 5, 1924.Collected by Frederick R. Wulsin. Original number 1775. NationalGeographic Society Central China Expedition.Genus MICRATHENE CouesAthene whilneyi CooperProc. Califomnia Acad. Nat. Sci. 2: 118, 1861.
=Micrathene whitneyi whitneyi (Cooper). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 135, 1940.120001. Adult male? Fort Mohave, Mohave County, Arizona. April26, 1861. Collected by James G. Cooper. Original number 208.Received from the California State Geological Survey.Micropallas whitneyi sanfordi RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6:807 (in key), 809, April 8,1914.
=Micrathene whitneyi sanfordi (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 135, 1940.234166. Adult male. Miraflores, State of Baja California, Mexico. June24, 1912. Collected by Wilmot W. Brown, Jr. Received from LeonardC. Sanford.Micralhene graysoni RidgwayAuk 3 (3) : 333, July 1886.[Micropallas] socorroensis ''{Ridgw., Auk, iii, p. 333)" Bowdler SharpeHandlist of the genera and species of birds 1:299, 1899 {lapsuscalami) .
=Micrathene whitneyi graysoni Ridgw^ay. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 135, 1940.49678. Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. May 21-28, 1867. Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson. Original number 722.50765. Adult female. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. May 21-28, 1867. Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson. Original number 722.500936?61 11
152 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus NINOX HodgsonNoctua venatica PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 75, "pi. XXii, fig. 1,"1848.^=Ninox novaeseelandiae venatica (Peale) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 140, 1940.13944. Adult female. Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand.Original number 38. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Ninox scutulata randi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 41, April 13, 1951.200878. Adult female. Catagan (elev. 1,100 feet), at the base of MountMalindang, Misamis Province, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands.May 23, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number14196.Ninox philippensis proxinia MayrZoologica, New York 30: 108, November 15, 1945.314872. Adult female. Palanog, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands.November 14, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S.Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 364 of the Menage Collection.Ninox philippensis centralis MayrZoologica, New York 30: 108, November 15, 1945.314873. Adult male. Siquijor Island, Philippine Islands. February 28,1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 363%of the Menage Collection.Ninox spilonotus Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1):8, December 8, 1894.=Ninox spilonota Bourns and Worcester. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 143, 1940.314875. Adult female. Badajoz, Tablas Island, Philippine Islands.September 18, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S.Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 373 of the Menage Collection.314877. Adult female. Sibuyan Island, Philippine Islands. October 13,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Receivedfrom the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from theMinnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 372 of theMenage Collection.The original series comprised at least four specimens, from the islandsof Cebu, Sibuyan, Tablas, and Mindoro. Since the population of Mindoro
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 153
are now held to belong to a distinct form, it follows that only the materialfrom the first-named three islands can be considered cotypes of spilonota.The present resting place of the bird from Cebu is unknown.Genus GYMNOGLAUX CabanisGymnoglaux lawrencii P. L. Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 327, 328, pi. 29 and text-fig., October1868.
=Gymnoglaux lawrencii lawrencii P. L. Sclater and Salvin. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 4: 146, 1940.23557. Immature? female. Monte Verde (16.5 miles northeast of Guan-tanamo), Province of Oriente, Cuba. August 24, 1861. Collected byCharles Wright.39111. Adult (sex not indicated). Remedios, Province of Santa Clara,Cuba. October 30, 1863. Collected by Nathaniel H. Bishop.It might be argued that Sclater and Salvin have merely renamed Gymno-glaux nudipes of Lawrence, not of Daudin (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York7: 275, 1860), in which case the cotypes of their name would be the threespecimens from Gundlach's collection examined by Lawrence. Each of theexamples here listed, however, bears on its label, in the hand of Sclater orSalvin, the words *^Gymnoglaux lawTencii, Sol. & Salv./Type."Genus ATHENE BoieAthene brama ultra RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 100, June 16, 1948.390159. Adult male. Chabua, Lakhimpur District, Assam Province,India. December 21, 1946. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Originalnumber 66. Smithsonian-Yale Expedition.Athene brama mayri DeignanAuk 58 (3) : 396, July 9, 1941.313161. Adult male. Udon=Ban Mak Khaeng (lat. 17?25' N., long.102?45' E.), Province of Udon Thani, eastern Siara. March 19, 1929.Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 2941.Genus SPEOTYTO GlogerSpeotyto cunicularia obscura StephensAuk 12 (4) : 372, October 1895.
=Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea (Bonaparte). See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia PubL Zool. 38:278, 1932.151022. Adult female. Upper Lake (elev. 1,400 feet), Lake County,California. May 29, 1894. Collected by Frank Stephens, Originalnumber 5874.
154 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Speotyto rostrata C.H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 133, September 9, 1890.
=Speotyto cunicularia rostrata C. H. Townsend. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 4: 151, 1940.117531. Adult male. Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. March 4, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Speolylo amaura LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 234, December 23, 1878.
^=Speotyto cunicularia amaura Lawrence. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 151, 1940.74493. Adult female. "A cliff in the Chalk-hills," Antigua Island, Lee-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. September 1, 1877. Collected bynatives for Frederick A. Ober. Original number 342.74494. Adult male. "A cliff in the Chalk-hills," Antigua Island, Lee-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. September 1, 1877. Collected bynatives for Frederick A. Ober. Original number 339.Each of these specimens bears on its label in Lawrence's hand the word
"Type."The third cotype. No. 74495, a female of the same place and date, cannotnow be foimd in the collection.Speotyto brachyptera RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18:663, August 12, 1896.
=Speotyto cunicularia brachyptera Richmond. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 152, 1940.151660. Adult male. The level land to the east of Porlamar, MargaritaIsland, Caribbean Sea off Venezuela. June 30, 1895. Collected byWirt Robinson. Original number 365.Athene patagonica PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 78, "pi. xxn, fig. 2,"1848.
=Speotyto cunicularia cunicularia (Molina). See Cassin, U.S. Explor-ing Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 109-110, 1858; Bowdler Sharpe,Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 2 : 142-143, 1875 ; Cory,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 2(1): 39, 1918.22296 (=13903 reentered). Adult (sex not indicated). "Rio Negro,Patagonia"=Neighborhood of Carmen de Patagonas, opposite Viedma,Territory of the Rio Negro, Argentina (see Wilkes, Narrative of theU.S. Exploring Expedition 1 : 99, 1845, where it is stated that "duringthe time of our stay [at El Carmen], the naturalists ranged the countryin the vicinity . . ."). Late in January or early in February 1839.Original number 41. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 155Genus CICCABA WaglerCiccaba virgata aniplonotata L. KelsoProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46: 151, October 26, 1933.
=Ciccaba virgata squamulata (Bonaparte). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 153, 154, 1940.50764. Adult (sex not indicated). Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on April 21, 1868. Collected byAndrew J. Grayson. Original number 668.Ciccaba virgata eatoni L. Kelso and E. H. KelsoAuk 53 (2) : 215, April 9, 1936.=Ciccaba virgata centralis Griscom. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 154, 1940.167729. Adult male. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. December26, 1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7411. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus STRIX LinnaeusStrix baweana OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52: 190, February 8, 1917.
=Strix selo-puto baweana Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 157, 1940.181450. Adult female. Bawean Island, in the Java Sea between Javaand Borneo. November 27, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Strix indranee rileyi E. H. KelsoAuk 54 (3): 305, July 2, 1937.
=Strix leptogrammica maingayi (Hume) , fide Deignan MS.169691. Adult female. Khao Nok Ra (lat. 7?25' N., long. 99?55' E.),at elev. 2,000 feet, peninsular Siam. January 8-18, 1899. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Strix leptogrammica nyctipliasma OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 302, July 19, 1924.179099. Adult male. Pulau Bangkaru, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 1902. Collected by WUliam L. Abbott.Strix aluco nivipelens RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 10, January 27, 1925.
=Strix aluco nivicola (Blyth). See Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.70:197-198, 1930; Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 33:233-234, 1926.296208. Adult male. Gan-hai-tze (elev. 11,000 feet), Likiang SnowRange, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. May 8, 1923. Col-lected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 380.Syrnium ma ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32:471, June 15, 1907.
=Strix aluco ma (Clark). See Peters, Checklist of birds of the world4: 160, 1940.
156 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221114439. Adult female. Fusan, Keisho Province, Korea. March 1885.Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1493.Syrnium occideutaie caurinum MerriamAuk 15 (1):40, January 1898.=Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 160, 1940.157473. Adult female. Mount Vernon, Skagit County, Washington.June 22, 1897. Collected by Edward A. Preble. Original number344. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Syrnium occidentale XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11: 190, 193 (in reprint, p. 5), be-tween July 26, 1859, and January 10, 1860.
=Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xantus) . See Grinnell, Univ. Califor-nia Publ. Zool. 38:278, 193.17200. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. March 6,1858. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1588.Syrnium occidentale lucidum NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 152, November 30, 1903.
=Strix occidentalis lucida (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 161, 1940.185269. Adult female. Mount Tancitaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.February 27, 1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 9179. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Slrix nebulosa alleni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 3 : 8, April? 1880.
=Strix varia georgica Latham. See L. Kelso, Auk 50: 106-107, 1933.78392. Adult male. Clearwater, Pinellas County, Florida. September2, 1879. Collected by S. T. Walker. Original number 125.78393. Adult male. Clearwater, Pinellas County, Florida. September7, 1879. Collected by S. T. Walker. Original number 135.78394. Adult female. Clearwater, Pinellas County, Florida. September2, 1879. CoUected by S. T. Walker. Original number 128.On the oldest label of No. 78393, Ridgway wrote "Type of var. nudipesRidgw."; the specimen is, however, the type only of this MS. name. As theoriginal description of alleni was presented, all three examples must be con-sidered equivalent cotypes.Syrnium nebulosum sablei D. J. NicholsonFlorida Naturalist (newser.) 11 [(old ser.) 17] : 99, July 1938.
=Strix varia sablei (D. J. Nicholson). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 162, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 157364872. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Flamingo at Cape Sable (15miles south of Royal Palm State Park), Monroe County, Florida.February 22, 1938. Collected by Wray H. Nicholson. Original num-ber 300. Received through Arthur H. Howell from Donald J.Nicholson.Syrnium nebulosuin, var. Sartorii Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, BuU. Essex Inst. 5 : 200, December 1873.
=Strix varia sartorii (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 162, 1940.42131 (not 43131). Adult female. "Pine region," Hacienda "Mirador,"State of Veracruz, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on July5, 1866. Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius. Original number 208.Syrnium uralense japonicum ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32:471, June 15, 1907.
==Strix uralen^is coreensis Momiyama. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 164, 1940.96393. Adult female. Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, Japan. October 18,1882. Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original number 3163.Syrnium uralense hondoense ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 472, June 15, 1907.
=Strix uralensis hondoensis (Clark). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 164, 1940.109441. Adult male. Iwaki Province (=Miyagi and Fukushima Pre-fectures), Honsiu Island, Japan. February 2, 1886. Received fromthe Tokyo Educational Museum.Genus RHINOPTYNX KaupRhinoptynx clamator oberi E. H. KelsoAuk 53 (1):82, January 8, 1936.75112. Adult (sex not indicated). Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea.August 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober.Genus ASIO BrissonAsio stygius robustus L. KelsoAuk 51 (4) : 522, October 6, 1934.27113. Adult female. Hacienda "Mirador," State of Veracruz, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on March 17, 1863. Collected byCarl C. W. Sartorius. Original number 6.Asio noctipetens RileySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 66 (15) : 1, December 1, 1916.=Asio stygius noctipetens Riley. See Wetmore and Swales, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 155:245-246, 1931.
158 U'S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221249475. Adult male. Constanza (elev. 4,000 feet) , Dominican Republic,Hispaniola. September 23, 1916. Collected by William L. Abbott.Asio fiammeus pallidicaudus FriedmannSmithsonian Misc. Coll. Ill (9) : 2, July 21, 1949.406386. Adult male. Cantaura, State of Anzoategui, Venezuela. July13, 1947. Collected by Foster D. Smith, Jr. Original number 20.Asio portoricensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 366, April 6, 1882.=Asio flammeus portoricensis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 170, 1940.39643. Adult (sex not indicated). North side of Puerto Rico. Enteredinto the museum register on November 10, 1865. Collected by GeorgeLatimer.86039. Adult male. Puerto Rico. Entered into the museum registeron April 5, 1882. Collected by Johannes C. Gundlach. Receivedfrom George N. Lawrence.Ridgway's original series was composed of No. 39643 and "three addi-tional specimens . . . sent . . . for examination by Mr. George N.Lawrence." No. 86039 is of course one of the birds borrowed fromLawrence; the present resting place of the other two is unknown.Genus AEGOLIUS KaupNyclala acadica scotaea OsgoodNorth American Fauna 21: 19,43, September 26, 1901.
=Aegolius acadicus acadicus (Gmelin). See Fleming, Auk 33:420-423, 1916; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 4: 173, 1940.168171. Adult male. Massett, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands,off British Columbia, Canada. December 12 (not 19), 1896. Col-lected by John H. Keen. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Aegolius acadicus brodkorbi BriggsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 67: 180, August 5, 1954.462871. Immature? male. Amatepec (elev. 2,100 meters), State ofOaxaca, Mexico. May 12, 1949. Collected by Mario del Toro Aviles.Received from the Department of Biology, University of Florida,where it was No. 1854.Cryptoglaux ridgwayi AlfaroProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18:217, October 17, 1905.
=Aegolius acadicus ridgwayi (Alfaro). See Briggs, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 67:180,181, 1954.149709. Immature male. Cerro de la Candelaria, near Escasu, Provinceof San Jose, Costa Rica. March 29, 1903. Received from AnastasioAlfaro.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 159Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES: Oil-birds, GoatsuckersFamily PODARGIDAE: FrogmouthsGenus BATRACHOSTOMUS GouldBatrachostomus menagei Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1: 11, December 8, 1894.
=Batrachostomus septimus menagei Bourns and Worcester. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 4: 178, 1940.316140. Adult male. "Calantas," Panay Island, Philippine Islands.November 17, 1890. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S.Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 1040 of the Menage Collection.Family NYCTIBIIDAE: PotoosGenus NYCTIBIUS VieillotNyctibius jamaicensis niexicaiius NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 260, July 1900.
=Nyctibius griseus mexicanus Nelson. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 180, 1940.158535. Adult male. Metlaltoyuca, State of Puebla, Mexico. January26, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 5047.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.NycSibius griseus costaricensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 91, May 4, 1912.85550. Adult female. Sarchi de Alajuela (Sarchi de Grecia), Provinceof Alajuela, Costa Rica. August 6, 1881. Collected by Jose CastuloZeledon.Nyctibius griseus panamensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 91, May 4, 1912.154252. Adult male. Nata, Province of Code, Panama. January 24,1889. Collected by H. T. Heyde and Ernesto Lux. Original number19.Nyctibius griseus abbotli RichmondSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 68 (7) : 1, July 12, 1917.250374. Adult male. Grand Port-a-Piment, on tlie southern coast of thenorthwestern peninsula of Haiti, Hispaniola. March 9, 1917. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.
160 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family CAPRIMULGIDAE: GoatsuckersGenus CHORDEILES SwainsonChordelles rupestris xyostictus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 86:23 (in key), 116, April 6, 1914.16599. Adult male. "Bogota," Colombia. Entered into the museumregister on February 17, 1860. Received from Walter Evans.Chordeiles rupestris zaleucus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. BuU. 86:23 (in key), 118, April 6, 1914.
=Chordeiles rupestris rupestris (Spix). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 186, 1940.55318. Adult female. Pebas (at the confluence of the Rio Ambiyacuwith the Rio Maraiion), Colombia or Peru (contested territory).Entered into the museum register in May or June 1869, therefore col-lected during Orton's expedition of 1867. Collected by James Orton.Original number 275. Received from the WiUiams College Lyceum ofNatural History.Chordeiles acutipeniiis inferior OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 86: 24 (in key), 109, April 6, 1914.113100. Adult male. Triunfo, State of Baja California, Mexico. June14, 1887. Collected by Martin A. Frazar. Received from WilliamBrewster.Chordeiles acutipennis micromeris OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 86: 24 (in key), 100, April 6, 1914.213142. Adult male. Xbac, State of Yucatan, Mexico. April 1910.Collected by George F. Gaumer. Original number 289 A.Chordeiles peruviaiius PealeU.S. Explormg Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 172, "pi. XLVin, fig.2," 1848.
=Chordeiles acutipennis exilis (Lesson). See Oberholser, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 86: 98, 1914.14325. Adult male. Near Callao, Province of Callao, Peru. July 1839.Original number 511. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).This form was based upon at least two cotypes; the second, USNM 14616,is now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, where it is No. 75697.[Chordiles popetue] Sennelli CouesAuk 5 (1) : 37, January 1888.
=Chordeiles minor sennetti (Coues). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 187, 1940.65490. Adult male. "50 M. W. Pembina Mts." (not Pembina, Minn.)=United States-Canadian Boundary at about the center of Towner County,North Dakota. July 16, 1873. Collected by Elliott Coues. Originalnumber 3301. Northern Boundary Survey.On the back of the original label in Coues's hand appears "A type of thespecies." A specimen from Wharton County, Texas (formerly in the col-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 161lection of George B. Sennett, now in the American Museum of NaturalHistory) is also mentioned at the first description, but belongs to anotherform (see Oberholser, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 86:55-56, 1914); No. 65490is therefore the only type.Chordeiles virginianus howelli OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 86:25 (in key), 57, April 6, 1914.
=Chordeiles minor howelli Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 188, 1940.186731. Adult male. Lipscomb, Lipscomb County, Texas. June 25,1903. Collected by Arthur H. Howell. Original number 105. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Chordeiles virginianus vicinus RileyAuk 20 (4) : 432, October 1903.
=Chordeiles minor vicinus Riley. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 188, 1940.189689. Adult male. Long Island, Bahama Islands. July 16, 1903.Collected by Joseph H. Riley. Original number 183. GeographicalSociety of Baltimore Bahama Expedition.Genus NYCTIPROGNE BonaparteNyctiprogne leucopyga exigua FriedraannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 58: 117, July 18, 1945.328356. Adult male. On the right bank of the Upper Rio Orinoco, op-posite Corocoro Island, Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela. May 12,1931. Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R. Blake, and Charles T.Agostini. Original number 5517. National Geographic SocietyBrazil-Venezuela Expedition.Nyctiprogne latifascia FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 58: 118, July 18, 1945.326844. Adult male. Raudal Quirabuena, a tributary of the Brazo (Rio)Casiquiare, Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela. February 5, 1931.Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R. Blake, and Charles T.Agostini, Original number 4994. National Geographic SocietyBrazil-Venezuela Expedition.Genus NYCTIDROMUS GouldNyctidroimis albicollis insularis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 9, January 27, 1898.156765. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 10, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4350. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Nyctidromus albicollis nelsoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 90, May 4, 1912.
162 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis Nelson. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 193, 1940.154746. Adult male. Colima, State of Colima, Mexico. March 26, 1892.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 84. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Nyctidromus albicollis sumichrasli RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 91, May 4, 1912.
=Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis Nelson. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 193, 1940.166060. Adult male. Frontera (not Teapa), State of Tabasco, Mexico.March 10, 1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 6715. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 171, September 25, 1901.167682. Adult male. Tunkas, State of Yucatan, Mexico. February 17,1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7626. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus PHALAENOPTILUS RidgwayP[hala;noptiIus]. nuttalli californicus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 588 (footnote), September 1888.
=Phalaenoptilus nuttallii californicus Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ.California Publ. Zool. 38:278, 1932.84250. Adult male. "N. Am. Hotel," Calaveras County, California.March 14, 1879. Collected by Lyman Belding.108372. Adult female. Nicasio, Marin County, California. April 7,1884. Collected by Charles A. Allen.Genus NYCTIPHRYNUS BonaparteC[aprimulgus]. ocellalus von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10: 268, 1844.
=Nyctiphrynus ocellatus ocellatus (von Tschudi). See Friedmann andDeignan, Zoologica, New York 27: 50, 1942.41912. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.Genus CAPRIMULGUS LinnaeusCaprimulgus rufus noctivigulus Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 66: 18, March 30, 1953.
. Adult male. Atures (elev. 100 meters) , Caiio Cataniapo, Terri-tory of Amazonas, Venezuela. January 27, 1943. Collected by F.Benedetti. Deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private col-lection it is No. 20667.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 163Capriinulgus salvini HartertIbis (6) 4: 287, April 1892.=Caprimulgus serico-caudatus salvini Hartert. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 198, 1940.27992. Adult (sex not indicated). Hacienda "Mirador," State of Vera-cruz, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on March 24, 1863.Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius. Original number 54.27993. Adult (sex not indicated) . Hacienda "Mirador," State of Vera-cruz, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on March 24, 1863.Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius.Salvin and Godman (Biologia Centrali-Americana, Aves 2: 387, 1894)claim a specimen from Merida, State of Yucatan, as "exemp. typ." If bythis is meant that their bird is a normal representative of the form, thestatement may be accepted, but, since Hartert clearly based his name uponthe Antrostomus macromystax of Baird, Ridgway, et al., not of Wagler,without establishing a new type specimen, the birds here hsted must beconsidered the types.Antrostomus goldmani NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13:26, May 29, 1899.
=Caprimulgus ridgwayi ridgwayi (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 198, 199, 1940.164310. Adult female. Near Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. April7, 1899. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 6396.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Antrostomus ridgwayi NelsonAuk 14(1): 50, January 1897.
=Caprimulgus ridgwayi ridgwayi (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 198, 1940.154754. Adult female. Tlalquisala, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Novem-ber 29, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 2370. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Antrostomus oaxacae NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 260, July 1900.
=Caprimulgus vociferus oaxacae (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 199, 1940.154735. Adult female. Near Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. August14, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2240. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Antrostomus chiapensis NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 261, July 1900.
=Caprimulgus vociferus chiapensis (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 199, 1940.
164 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221154737. Adult male. Valley of Comitan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. De-cember 11, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 3275. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Antrostomus rufomaculatus Ridgway * ' '.Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14:465, October 12, 1891.
=Caprimulgus saturatus (Salvin). See Salvin and Godraan, BiologiaCentrali-Americana, Aves 2 : 388, 389, 1894.120102. Adult male. Volcan de Irazu=( probably) the southern orwestern slopes between 8,000 and 10,000 feet (see Carriker, Ann.Carnegie Mus. 6: 344, 1910), Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. April11, 1891. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro. Received from the MuseoNacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 5401.Caprimiilgus aequicauda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 168, "pi. xlvii, fig.1," 1848.
=Caprimulgus longirostris decussatus von Tschudi. See Hartert, Cata-logue of the birds in the British Musemn 16 : 586, 1892 ; Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 4: 200, 1940.14588. Adult (sex not indicated) . Near Callao, Province of Callao, Peru.July 1839. Original number 509. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).There were at least two cotypes of this form. No. 14607 cannot now befound, but is probably the same as No. 75698 of the Museum of Compara-tive Zoology.Caprimulgus conterminus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 169, "pi. xlvii, fig.2," 1848.
=Capriniulgus longirostris bifasciatus Gould. See Hartert, Catalogue ofthe birds in the British Museum 16: 585, 1892; Peters, Checklist of thebirds of the world 4: 200, 1940.14608. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Valparaiso, Province of Acon-cagua, Chile. May 1839. Collected by Titian R. Peale. Originalnumber 507. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Steuopsis albicauda LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 11:89 (not earlier than February),1875.
=Caprimulgus cayennensis albicauda (Lawrence). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 4: 201, 1940.68039. Adult male. "Talamanca"=( probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). May 1874. Collected by Juan Cooper. Original number239. Received from William M. Gabb.Stenopsis cayennensis insularis RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 159, June 25, 1902.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 165
=Caprimulgus cayennensis insularis (Richmond). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 4: 201, 1940.175245. Adult male. Curagao Island, Caribbean Sea off Venezuela.June 30, 1900. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Original number 1446.Stenopsis tobagensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 195, October 20, 1908.
=Caprimulgus cayennensis leopetes Jardine and Selby. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 4: 201, 1940.74877. Adult male. Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. April 1878. Col-lected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 153.Caprimulgus aldabrensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 373, November 15, 1894.
=Caprimulgus madagascariensis aldabrensis Ridgway. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 4: 206, 1940.128668. Adult male. Aldabra Island, eastern Indian Ocean. September29, 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.Caprimulgus macrurus aequabilis RipleyBull. Brit. Om. Club 65:40, June 20, 1945.375899. Adult male. Trincomalee, Trincomalee District, Eastern Prov-ince, Ceylon. May 19, 1944. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Originalnumber 222.Caprimulgus bimaculatus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. andOrn.) : 170, "pi. XLvm, fig.1," 1848.
=Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus Peale. See Boden Kloss, Ibis, pp.94-96, 1918.14583. Adult male. Singapore Island, Malaya. Original number 504.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Peale's description was based upon one specimen, a male. There was,however, in the collection of the expedition a second example, a female,evidently believed to represent a distinct species (USNM 14606, originalnumber 505).Caprim^ulgus macrurus anamesus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 593, May 3, 1915.
=Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus Peale. See Boden Kloss, Ibis, pp.94-96, 1918.75143. Adult male. Tanjong Kalong, Singapore Island, Malaya. No-vember 2, 1899. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss, for William L.Abbott.Caprimulgus macrurus jolinsoni DeignanSarawak Mus. Journ. 6 (5) : 315, July 1955.210983. Adult male. Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, PhilippineIslands. January 3, 1904. Collected by Andres Celestino and
? Canton. Received from the Bureau of Science, Manila, where itwas No. 10827.
166 TJ.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Caprimulgus niacrurus mesophanis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 590, May 3, 1915.178092, Adult male. Amboina (Ambon) Island, Molucca Islands, BandaSea. June 12, 1897. Collected by ? Schadler. Original number 36.Caprimulgus affinis inindaiiensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 85, February 21, 1905.190596. Adult male. Malabang, Lanao Province, Mindanao Island,Philippine Islands. October 18, 1903. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 13071.Caprimulgus alBnis propinquus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31 : 155, December 30, 1918.250197. Adult male. Parigi (on the Gulf of Tomini at the extreme baseof the Menado Peninsula), Celebes. September 28, 1916. Collectedby Harry C. Raven. Original number 3175.Caprimulgus mirificus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60(7) : 7, October 26, 1912.=Caprimulgus concretus Bonaparte. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 214, 1940.181230. Adult male. Siak River, east-central Sumatra. December 22,1906. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus HYDROPSALIS WaglerH[ydropsalis]. trifurcatus "Natt. Nro. 779" von TschudiUntersuchungen iiber die Fauna Peruana, Ornithologie, p. 129, 1845.
=Hydropsalis climacocerca climacocerca (von Tschudi). See Hartert,Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 16: 600, 1892; Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 4: 218, 1940.34989. Adult male. Cataracts of the Rio Madeira, State of Mato Grosso,Brazil. September 11, 1829. Collected by Johann Natterer. Originalnumber 779 (first written 799, but corrected by a later hand to 779).Received from the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.If von Tschudi's description of this form was wholly based upon Natterer'sMS., the latter's series of 11 birds must be considered the types.If, on the other hand, von Tschudi had before him Peruvian specimens,as is implied by the fact that he described H. trifurcatus in a work on thePeruvian fauna, his own birds would of course be the types, despite his useof Natterer's name (until then a nomen nudum)
.
Inasmuch as von Tschudi evidently believed H. trifurcatus to be quitedistinct from his Caprimulgus climacocercus (fully described on p. 128), itwould seem that he was indeed writing, under trifurcatus, of a non-Peruvianform, and I therefore adopt the point of view first mentioned above.Whether trifurcatus is properly synonymized with climacocerca can onlybe decided after comparison with topotypical material of the latter. If the
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 167name was in fact based upon Brazilian birds, it is highly probable thattrifurcatus will prove to be a distinct race. The name may prove to be ap-plicable to the Bolivian specimens mentioned by Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus.25:244,1937).Of Natterer's original series of 11 birds, two entered the Sclater Collection,with which they later passed into the collection of the British Museum; theremainder are presumably still in Vienna.Genus UROPSALIS W. MillerMacropsalis kalinowskii von Berlepsch and StolzmannIbis (6)6: 399, July 1894.
=Uropsalis segmentata kalinowskii (von Berlepsch and Stolzmann). SeePeters, Checklist of birds of the world 4: 219, 1940.159776. Adult female. Above the Rio Pariayacu (at elev. 13,120 feet) atthe Hacienda "Marainioc," Department of Junin, Peru. November 6,1891. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Original number 1512. Receivedfrom the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.The series upon which this form was based consisted of three females andfive males. Stolzmann and Domaniewski (Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici 6: 107,1927) have attempted to set up one of the specimens still in the PolishMuseum of Natural History as the type, but it is nonetheless, like ours, merelya cotype.Order APODIFORMES: Swifts, HummingbirdsFam% APODIDAE: SwiftsGenus COLLOCALIA G. R. GrayCollocalia origeiiis OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 180 (in key), 191, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia whiteheadi origenis Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 221, 1940.192162. Aduh male. Mount Apo (at elev. 4,000 feet), Davao Province,Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 4, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13645.Collocalia breviroslris rogersi DeignanBull. Brit. Om. Club 75 (9) : 118, December 1, 1955.450071. Adult male. Ban Hin Laem (lat. 14?40' N., long. 98?40' E.),Province of Kanchanabuii, Thailand. November 20, 1952. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 218.Collocalia fuciphaga elaphra OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 180 (in key), 188, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia jrancica elaphra Oberholser. See Peters, CheckUst of birdsof the world 4: 223, 1940.500936?61 12
168 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221119779. Adult (sex not indicated). Mahe Island, Seychelle Islands, west-ern Indian Ocean. April 17, 1890. Collected by William L. Abbott.Collocalia fuciphaga amechana OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42 : 12 (in key ) , 13, March 6, 1912.
=Collocalia inexpectata amechana Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 224, 1940.171072. Adult female. Pulau Jimaja, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.September 19, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Collocalia unicolor amelis OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 180 (in key) , 193, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia inexpectata amelis Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 224, 1940.189931. Adult male. Irisan, Benguet Subprovince, Luzon Island, Philip-pine Islands. May 19, 1903. Collected by Richard C. McGregor andAndres Celestino. Received from the Philippine Museum, where it wasNo. 2671.Collocalia francica perplexa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 140, December 2, 1927.
=Collocalia inexpectata perplexa Riley. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 224, 1940.182370. Aduh male. Pulau Maratua (lat. 2?15' N., long. 118?35' E.),in the Celebes Sea off the eastern coast of Borneo. May 24, 1913.Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 742.Collocalia bartschi MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 476, May 27, 1909.
=Collocalia inexpectata bartschi Mearns. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 224, 1940.211255. Adult female. Guam Island, Marianas Islands, Oceania. Novem-ber 20, 1907. Collected by Paul Bartsch. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Collocalia fuciphaga tachyplera OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 12 (in key) , 20, March 6, 1912.
=Collocalia inexpectata bartschi Mearns. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 224, 225, 1940.188855. Adult male. Guam Island, Marianas Islands, Oceania. July 17,1900. Collected by Alvin Seale. Original number 1658. Receivedfrom the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, where it was No. 9532.Collocalia vestita aenigma RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31 : 156, December 30, 1918.
=Collocalia vanikorensis aenigma Riley. See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld4: 225, 1940.250207. Adult male. Parigi (on the Gulf of Tomini at the extreme baseof the Menado Peninsula), Celebes. September 10, 1916. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 3056.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 169Macropleryx leucophaeus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 178, "pi. xlix, fig. 3,"1848.
=Collocalia leucophaea leucophaea (Peale). See Oberholser, Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 195, 1906; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 226, 1940.14328. Adult male. Tahiti Island, Society Islands, Oceania. Collected byTitian R. Peale. Original number 519. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw only two specimens of this swift,and there are but two entries for it in the museum register. No. 14330, amale, is no longer in the collection, but is presumably the cotype now in theMuseum of Comparative Zoology, where it is No. 75699.Collocalia thespesia OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 180 (in key), 195, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia leucophaea leucophaea (Peale). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 226, 1940.212329. Adult female. Tahiti Island, Society Islands, Oceania. November14, 1899. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Collocalia ocista OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 179 (in key), 184, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia leucophaea ocista Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 226, 1940.212330. Adult female. Nukuhiva Island (lat. 8?57' S., long. 140?15' W.)
,
Marquesas Islands, Oceania. September 16, 1899. Collected by CharlesH. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Collocalia fuciphaga aerophila OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 12 (in key), 16, March 6, 1912.
==Collocalia vestita vestita (Lesson). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94:352, 1944.179737. Adult male. Siaba Bay, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean ofi Sumatra. March 16, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Collocalia vestita maratua RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 141, December 2, 1927.182367. Adult male. Pulau Maratua (lat. 2?15' N., long. 118?35' E.),in the Celebes Sea oS the eastern coast of Borneo. May 21, 1913.Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 736.Collocalia fuciphaga meamsi OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 42: 12 (in key), 17, March 6, 1912.
=Collocalia vestita mearnsi Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 227, 1940.
170 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221208356. Adult female. Haights-in-the-oaks (elev. 7,000 feet), near Paoay,Benguet Subprovince, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. July 28, 1907.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 15429.Collocalia fraucica townsendi OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 181 (in key), 197, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia spodiopygia townsendi Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 228, 1940.212333. Adult female? (not certainly female) . Eua Island (lat 21?20'30''S., long. 175?02' W.) , Tonga Islands, Oceania. November 28, 1899.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Macropteryx spodiopygius PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 176, "pi. XLix, fig. 2,"1848.
=Collocalia spodiopygia spodiopygia (Peale). See Oberholser, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 199-200, 1906; Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the Avorld 4: 228, 1940.14331. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 520. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Cassin's ms. list shows that he had five of this species, but there are sixentries of birds with original number 520 in tlie museum register. Un-fortunately, both Peale and Cassin lumped specimens from Samoa and theFijis (C s. assimilis) under the name spodiopygia, and two entries in theregister lack information on provenience; it is thus no longer possible tosay how many of the original series were cotypes of spodiopygia as it is nowunderstood.No. 14327, from Upolu, has disappeared without trace ; No. 14329, withoutlocality, is in the collection and agrees with spodiopygia (but note commenton No. 14334, below) ; No. 14331, from the "Samoan Islands" ("Upolu"written on the label in Oberholser's hand, but why not "Tutuila"?), istreated above; No. 14332, from Tutuila, is missing but probably is the cotypefrom Tutuila now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (where it is No.75700); No. 14333, without locality (and thus possibly assimilis), cannotbe found; No. 14334, from the "Fijis," is, if correctly labeled, an example ofassimilis, but at this date cannot be distinguished from Samoan specimens.In short. No. 14331 is the only specimen now in the national collection thatmay properly be considered a cotype. No. 14329 may well have an equivalentstatus, but its claim is vitiated by the fact that No. 14334 (which may or maynot be correctly labeled) is inseparable from it.Collocalia linclii elachyptera OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 182 (in key), 207, July 26,1906.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 171
=Collocalia esculenta elachyptera Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 229, 1940.173028. Adult male. Bentinck Island, Mergui Archipelago, in the Anda-man Sea off southern Tenasserim, Burma. March 9, 1900. Collectedby William L. Abbott.CoIIocalia linchi cyanoptila OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 182 (in key) , 205, July 26, 1906.=Collocalm esculenta cyanoptila Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 229, 1940.174688. Adult female. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna), northern NatunaIslands, South China Sea. July 1, 1900. Collected by William L.Abbott.CoUocalia linchi oberholseri StresemannNov. Zool. 19: 348, December 21, 1912.
=Collocalia esculenta oberholseri Stresemann. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 353, 1944.179738. Adult (sex not indicated). Sikakap Strait, North Pagi Island,Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. November 12,1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.179739. Adult female. Same data as No. 179738.179740. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 179738.179741. Adult male. Same data as No. 179738.179742. Adult male. Same data as No. 179738.This name is based wholly on CoUocalia linchi linchi of Oberholser (Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58:204-205, 1906), not of Horsfield andMoore. Reference to Oberholser's paper shoAvs that no one of the fivespecimens from North Pagi has a stronger claim to typeship than any other;all must accordingly be considered cotypes.CoIIocalia dodgei RichmondSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 [quarterly issue] (4) : 431, April 5, 1905.
=Collocalia esculenta dodgei Richmond. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 230, 1940.191575. Adult (sex not indicated). Mount Kinabalu (at about 6,000feet), British North Borneo. April-May 1904. Collected by GeorgeA. (not H.) Goss and H. D. Dodge.CoIIocalia linchi isonota OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 58: 182 (in key), 208, July 26, 1906.
=Collocalia esculenta isonota Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 230, 1940.192610. Adult male. Irisan, Benguet Subprovince, Luzon Island, Philip-pine Islands. June 6 (not 3) , 1906. Collected by Richard C. McGregorand Andres Celestino. Received from the Philippine Museum (where itwas No. 2868).
172 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ge/iws STREPTOPROCNE OberholserStreploprociie zonaris mexicana RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23 (11) : 53, April 19, 1910.41636. Adult male. Rio Seco, near Cordoba, State of Veracruz, Mexico.January 1866. Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Originalnumber 160. Genus CHAETURA StephensChaetura similis "Lawr." Salvin and GodmanBiologia Centrali-Americana, Aves 2 (47) : 375, 376, January 1893.
=Chaetura vauxi similis Salvin and Godman, fide Phillips (MS.).30840. Adult female. Duenas (near Ciudad Guatemala Antigua), De-partment of Sacatepequez, Guatemala. February 6, 1860. Receivedfrom Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuC. Godman, in whose privatecollection it was No. 1558.Salvin and Godman [op. cit.) indicate that Lawrence had discriminatedtwo specimens of this form (one from Tehuantepec) , first as Chaeturagaumeri, later as C. similis. That our No. 30840 is one of the two is madecertain by the fact that Lawrence has himself written "=guameri [sic}, L"on the oldest label, and "Chaetura similis/Type Lawr." on a more recent one.The name Chcetura similis is not adopted by the authors, but treatedsimply as an unnecessary synonym of C. vauxi. Since, however, it is as-sociated with a reference to Lawrence and critical comments, Lawrence'sMS. name acquires at this point nomenclatorial validity.Chaetura richmondi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23 (11) : 53, April 19, 1910.
=^Chaetura vauxi similis Salvin and Godman, fide Phillips (MS.).209570. Adult female. Guayabo, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. March5, 1908. Collected by Robert Ridgway and Jose C. Zeledon. Originalnumber 60. [U.S. National] Museum-Zeledon Expedition.Chaetura vauxi aphanes Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 2, May 21, 1956.
. Adult male. Caripe (elev. 800 meters), State of Monagas,Venezuela. July 31, 1943. Collected by Ramon Urbano. Depositedby William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it is No. 22856.Chaetura lawrencei RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 43, June 13, 1893.=Chaetura cinereiventris lawrencei Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 238, 1940.84841. Adult female. Prospect Park, Grenada Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. May 7, 1881. Collected by John G. Wells. Originalnumber 8.Chaetura spinieauda aelherodronia WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 117 (2) : 2, September 25, 1951.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 173409438. Adult male. Chepo (at elev. 500 feet, on Cerro Carbunco),Province of Panama, Panama. April 14, 1949. Collected by AlexanderWetmore and Watson M. Perrygo. Original number 14808.Cbaetura Dominicaiia LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 : 255, September-December 1878.
=Chaetura martinica (Hermann). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 5:724,725, 1911; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 4: 239, 1940.77846. Adult male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 281.77847. Adult female. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 278.Cypselus brunneitorques griseifrons NelsonAuk 17 (3): 262, July 1900.=Chaetura rutila griseifrons (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 4: 239, 1940.157055. Adult male. Santa Teresa, State of Nayarit, Mexico. August 8,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edv/ard A. Goldman.Original number 4709. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus CYPSELOIDES StreubelCypseloides cherriei RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 44, June 13, 1893.127069. Adult (sex not indicated). Volcan de Irazu= (probably) thesouthern or western slopes between 8,000 and 10,000 feet (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:344, 1910), Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.Entered into the museum register on September 27, 1892. Collectedby George K. Cherrie. Received from the Museo Nacional de CostaRica, where it was No. 7423.Genus NEPHOECETES BairdCypselus borealis KennerlyProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 9: 202 (not earlier than November24), 1857.
=Nephoecetes niger borealis (Kennerly) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 4: 243, 1940.8412. Adult male. Semiahmoo Bay, Whatcom County, Washington. July1857. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Northwestern BoundarySurvey.Cypseloides niger costaricensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23 : 53, April 19, 1910.
=Nephoecetes niger costaricensis (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 243, 1940.
174 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221108275. Adult (sex not indicated). San Jose, Province of San Jose,Costa Rica. May 10, 1885. Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon.Cypseloides niger jamaicensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23: 53, April 19, 1910.
=Nephoecetes niger niger (Gmelin) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of tlieworld 4: 243, 1940.78205. Adult female. Mayfield, St. Andrew Parish, Surrey County, Ja-maica. June 25, 1879. Collected by Edward Newton. Original number161. Genus APUS ScopoliApus affinis kuntzl DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 71(33) : 161, December 31, 1958.469354. Adult (sex not indicated). Shih Lin (a northern suburb ofTaipei), Taipei Hsien, Formosa. June 6, 1958. Collected by C. Cheng,for Robert E. Kuntz. Original number PF 5007d. Received from theU.S. Naval Medical Research Unit. No. 2.Genus AERONAUTES HartertCypselus melanoleucus BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 118 (not earlier than June 27),1854.
=Aeronautes saxatilis saxatilis (Woodhouse) . See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 4: 253, 1940.6017. Adult (sex not indicated). Camp 123, west of the San FranciscoMountains on the Bill Williams Fork (or River), Coconino County,Arizona. February 16, 1854. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly andH. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original number 169. Pacific RailroadSurvey, Line of the 35th Parallel.Genus REINARDA HartertReinarda squaniata seinola RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46: 39, February 20, 1933.326806. Adult female. El Mango, a settlement on the Brazo (Rio) Casi-quiare. Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela. February 5, 1931. Col-lected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R. Blake, and Charles T. Agostini.Original number 4988. National Geographic Society Brazil-VenezuelaExpedition.Family HEMIPROCNIDAE: Tree-swiftsGenus HEMIPROCNE NitzschHeniiprocne longipennis dryas RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63 : 101, May 25, 1950.389369. Adult male. Juna Rajpipla, Rewa Kantha Agency, BombayPresidency, India. March 25, 1946. Collected by Salim A. Ali. Origi-nal number GS 1102.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 175Heniiprocnc longipennis anoclira OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 42, 1932.=Hemiprocne longipennis longipennis (Rafinesque). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 354, 1944.174684. Adult female. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna), northern NatunaIslands, Soutli China Sea. July 3, 1900. Collected by William L.Abbott.Macropteryx perlonga RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 502, February 4, 1903.=Hemiprocne longipennis perlonga (Richmond) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 353-354, 1944.179169. Adult female. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean ofi Sumatra. January 2, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hemiprocne longipennis ocyptera OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60(7) : 7, October 26, 1912.=Hemiprocne longipennis perlonga (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 353, 1944.180833. Adult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. March 23, 1905. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hemiprocne longipennis thoa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll 60(7) : 8, October 26, 1912.=Hemiprocne longipennis perlonga (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 353, 1944.179724. Adult male. Pulau Pini, Batu Group, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 7, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott. Family TROCHILIDAE: HummingbirdsGenus GLAUCIS BoieGlaucis aeneus LawrenceProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 232 (not earlier than December31), 1867=^1868?
=Glaucis hirsuta aenea Lawrence. See Bangs, Auk 24: 295, 1907; Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 5 : 5, 1945.99993. Adult (sex not indicated). Costa Rica. 1867? Collected by A.R. Endres. Original number 1.Genus PHAETHORNIS SwainsonPhoethornis longirostris veraecrucis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23: 54, April 19, 1910.
=Phaethornis superciliosus veraecrucis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 9, 1945.177330. Adult male. Buena Vista, State of Veracruz, Mexico. May 23,1901. Collected by Albert E. Colburn. Original number 1435.
176 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Phaethornis Cassinii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 347 (not earlier than June 25), 1866.
=Phaethornis superciliosus cassinii Lawrence. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5: 9, 1945.17918. Adult male. Turbo, Department of Antioquia, Colombia. Enteredinto the museum register on July 25, 1860. Collected by Arthur C. V.Schott. Original number 360. U.S. Survey of the Atrato River.17919. Adult female. Cartagena, Department of Bolivar, Colombia.Entered into the museum register on July 25, 1860. Collected byArthur C. V. Schott. Original number 4. U.S. Survey of the AtratoRiver.In his remarks Lawrence wrote as follows: "Spec, in Mus. Smith. Inst.,No. of type 17918. Two specimens examined are neither in good condition,but they do not differ in plumage. One (No. 17918) from Turbo is markedas a male, but being in the poorest order, I have taken the one marked as afemale for the type."From this one must adjudge the author's first use of 17918 a misprint for17919. However, if one of these two badly made specimens can be said tobe in poorer condition than the other, it is No. 17919, the female, whichdiffers primarily in having the tail without the elongated central rectricesand half of the lateral feathers.The diagnosis is allegedly based on the female, but there we find the colorof the central tail feathers described and must assume that this characterwas taken from No. 17918, the male. In short, the description fits two speci-mens that "do not differ in plumage," and is obviously at least in part acomposite one or wholly based on the male.When, in addition, we find that each bears on its label in Lawrence's handthe word "Type," it seems necessary here, without further discussion of theauthor's real intentions, to list both examples as cotypes.Phaethornis augusti curiosiis WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (19) : 125, September 12, 1956.383539. Adult female. Atanques (elev. 2,500 feet), Department ofMagdalena, Colombia. May 30, 1945. Collected by Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 6120.Phaethornis adolphei fraterciihus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60(3) : 9, September 27, 1912.Phaethornis adolplii nelsoni Bangs and BarbourBull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 65 : 204, September 1922.
=Phaethornis longuemareus subrufescens Chapman. See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 5: 15, 1945.232530. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 2,000 feet) , Provinceof Darien, Panama. February 28, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 15230. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 177Phaethornis adolphi nelsoni is a new name for P. adolphei fraterculusNelson, 1912, not P. fraterculus Gould, 1861, and is based upon the same typespecimen. Genus CAMPYLOPTERUS SwainsonPampa pampa excellens WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 207, December 8, 1941.
=Campylopterus curvipennis excellens (Wetmore). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 19, 1945.359708. Adult male. Volcan San Martin (at about 3,300 feet), Sierra deTuxtla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. April 22, 1940. Collected by Mel-bourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 799.Genus FLORISUGA BonaparteFlorlsuga mellivora tobagensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23 : 55, April 19, 1910.
=Florisuga mellivora flahellijera (Gould) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5: 22, 1945.74908. Adult male. Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. 1878 (entered intothe museum register on September 18) . Collected by Frederick A. Ober.Genus ANTHRACOTHORAX BoieLampornis thalassinus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3 :23, February 26, 1885.:=Anthracothorax prevostii prevostii (Lesson). See Ridgway, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 5: 463, 465, 1911.102796. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea oif the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 24, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Anthracothorax violicauda pinchoti WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43 : 7, March 12, 1930.
=Anthracothorax prevostii pinchoti Wetmore. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5; 25, 1945.313803. Adult male. San Andres Island, Caribbean Sea off Nicaragua.April 27, 1929. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Original number 7414.Pinchot South Sea Expedition (1929).Genus POPELAIRIA ReichenbachPopelairia conversii salvini "Zeledon (manuscript)" RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 5: 680 (footnote), November 29,1911.
=Popelairia conversii (Bourcier and Mulsant). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 34-35, 1945.
178 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221199271. Adult male. Bonilla, Province of Limon, Costa Rica. April 4,1905. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Genus CHLORESTES ReichenbachChlorostilbou puruensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26: 63, March 22, 1913.
=Chlorestes notatus puruensis (Riley). See Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov.1463: 23-26, 1950.177034. Adult male. Hyutanaham, at the head of navigation on the RioPurus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. March 24, 1901. Collected byJoseph B. Steere.Genus CHLOROSTILBON GouldChlorostilbon insularis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 7: 457 (not earlier than February) 1862.
=Chlorostilbon aureo-ventris pucherani (Bourcier and Mulsant). SeeVon Berlepsch, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 564, 1888; Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 37, 1945.25856. Adult male. Brazil (not Tres Marias Islands). Entered (or re-entered) into the museum register in August 1862 (not collected inJuly 1861) . Trade-skin of Rio de Janeiro make (not collected by John-Xantus)
.
The true history of this trade-skin can probably never be known, althoughit may be safely asserted that the Xantus label it bears does not belong to it.Nos. 25851-25875 are miscellaneous hummingbirds, all but one of whichare attributed to Xantus, and five of which are said to have come from theTres Marias (never visited by Xantus). Of these last, two are Brazilian,while three are Guatemaltecan forms. The Guatemaltecan birds all seem tobe reentries of Skinner-made specimens that were received long before fromJohn Gould and cannot now be found under the numbei's originally giventhem. It is logical to assume that the Brazilian birds likewise representreentries of old specimens of which the original labels had been lost.Chlorostilbon forficatus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3 : 23, February 26, 1885.
=Chlorostilbon canivetii forficatus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 38, 1945.102812. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 23, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Chlorostilbon osberti GouldProc. Zool. Soc. London 28 (2) ; 309, August 1860.
=Chlorostilbon canivetii osberti Gould. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 38, 1945.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 17920499. Adult male. Duenas (near Ciudad Guatemala Antigua), Depart-ment of Sacatepequez, Guatemala. February 3, 1858. Collected byOsbert Salvin. Original number 64.At the original description, no mention is made of the number and owner-ship of the types. Salvin states (Catalogue of the birds in the BritishMuseum 16:48, 1892), however, that the types are three adults, taken byhimself in February at Duenas, which were earlier in the Gould Collection.Since the name osberti appeared as a nomen nudum as early as January(see Ibis, p. 40, 1860), and was first associated with a description at themeeting of the Zoological Society on June 12, while our specimen was notreceived from Salvin until December 1860, and since, moreover, its dataare quite like those of the London cotypes, there is every reason to supposethat No. 20499 was one of the original series turned over to Gould for study,part of which was then retained by the describer, while the remainder werereturned to the collector.Sporadinus Bracei LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1: 50 (not earlier than December) 1877.
=Chlorostilbon ricordii bracei (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 39, 1945.71386. Adult male. Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahama Islands.July 13, 1877. Collected by Lewis J. K. Brace. Original number 18.Riccordia aeneoviridis W. Palmer and RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 34, March 5, 1902.
=Chlorostilbon ricordii bracei (Lawrence) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5: 39, 1945.108572. Adult male. Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. March 27, 1886.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. FishCommission. Genus CYNANTHUS SwainsonI [ache]. lawrencei "Berl." RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 320, September 1887.=Cynanthus latirostris lawrencei (von Berlepsch). See Ridgway, Birdsof North and Middle America 5:373,375, 1911; Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 43, 1945.42539. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean oflF theState of Nayarit, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on October25, 1866. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 71.I list this specimen as a type with some misgivings. Ridgway's name,derived from von Berlepsch's MS., came out in September 1887, but vonBerlepsch's own homonym had already appeared in July (between the timeRidgway wrote his description and the date of its publication).Despite the fact that von Berlepsch referred to our specimen at his originaldescription, he had never set eyes upon it ; he had sent one of his own birds
180 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221to this country for examination and "Mr. Ridgway . . . told me that myspecimen exactly agreed with a skin belonging to the U.S. National Museumcollected in Tres Marias by the late Col. A. F. [sic] Grayson" (Ibis, p. 293,1887).In sum, if No. 42539 may properly be considered a type at all, it is thetype solely of Ridgway's name. I deal with it here chiefly because its redlabel shows that the late C. W. Richmond accepted it as the type of *'Iachelawrencei Ridgw." Genus THALURANIA GouldThalurania ridgwayi NelsonAuk 17 (3): 262, July 1900.
=Thalurania furcata ridgwayi Nelson. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 45, 1945.155981. Adult male. Near San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico.March 18, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 3906. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Thalurania townsendi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 590, August 6, 1888.
=Thalurania furcata townsendi Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5: 45, 1945.112190 (not 11219). Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua(the south bank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth,is contested territory) . August 13, 1887. Collected by Charles H.Townsend, Original number 2095.Thalurania Luciae LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 7: 456 (not earlier than February) 1862.
=Thalurania glaucopis (Gmelin). See von Berlepsch, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 11:561, 1888.25857. Immature male. Brazil? (not Tres Marias Islands). Entered (orreentered) into the museum register in August 1862 (not collected inJuly 1861). Trade-skin of Rio de Janeiro make (not collected by JohnXantus)
.
See remarks under Chlorostilbon insularis Lawrence.Genus HYLOCHARIS BoieAmazUia Xantusii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 7: 109 (not earlier than April) 1860.
=Hylocharis xantusii (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 52, 1945.16935. Adult female. San Nicolas (between Cape San Lucas and SanJose del Cabo), State of Baja California, Mexico. October 1859. Col-lected by John Xantus. Original number 3113.
TYPE SPECIIVIENS OF BIRDS 181Heliopaedica castaneocauda LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat, Hist. New York 7: 145 (not earlier than April 23), 1860.
=Hylocharis xantusii (Lawrence). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 5: 383, 1911; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world5:52,1945.17767. Adult male. Miraflores (at about lat. 23?24' N.), State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. November 26, 1859. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 3431.Thaumatias viridicaudus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 404 (not earlier than December 10)1866.
=Hylocharis humboldtii (Bourcier and Mulsant), fide Wetmore MS.213171. Adult female. Buenaventura, Dejoartment of Valle del Cauca,Colombia. August 1864. Collected by Fred Hicks. Original number12.This specimen was found in the collection without a number and was firstentered into the museum register on February 27, 1911.Genus GOLDMANIA NelsonGoldmania viollceps NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (21) : 1, July 8, 1911.207754. Adult male. Cerro Azul (elev. 3,000 feet), about 15 miles NW.of Chepo, Department of Panama, Panama. March 23, 1911. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 14173. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus GOETHALSIA NelsonGoethalsia bella NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 7, September 27 (not 24), 1912.238672. Subadult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 2,000 feet). De-partment of Darien, Panama. March 16, 1912. Collected by EdwardA. Goldman. Original number 15371. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Genus LEUCIPPUS BonaparteDoleromya pallida RichmondAuk 12 (4) : 369, October 1895.Leucippus fallax richntondi CoryField Mus. Nat. Hist. [Publ. 183], Orn. Ser. 1 (9) : 303, August 7, 1915.=Leucippus fallax fallax (Bourcier). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 59, 1945.151069. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 5, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 432.
182 U.S. NATIONAL IVIUSEUM BULLETIN 221Leucippus fallax Hchmondi is a new name for Doleromya pallida Rich-mond, 1895, not Leucippus pallidas Taczanowski, 1875, and is based uponthe same type specimen. Genus AMAZILIA LessonUranomitra whitelyi BoucardHumming Bird 3 (1) : 8, March 1893.=Amazilia chionopectus whitelyi (Boucard). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 63, 1945.149530. Adult male. Ourunei, British Guiana. October 22, 1890. Col-lected by Henry Whitely, Jr. Received from Adolphe Boucard.149526. Adult female. Annai, British Guiana. June 8, 1892. Collectedby Henry Whitely, Jr. Received from Adolphe Boucard.This form was based upon an unstated number of specimens, with bothsexes represented. The type locality was given simply as "British Guiana."Since each of these examples must have been in Boucard's hands at thelime whitelyi was described, and since he has written on the label of eachthe words "typical specimen," it is logical to assume that they are cotypes.Agyrtrina versicolor brabournii Bangs and PenardBull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 62 (2) ; 63, April 1918.=Amazilia versicolor versicolor (Vieillot). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5 : 64, 1945.45593. Adult (sex not indicated). Bahia=:Sao Salvador, State of Bahia,Brazil. Entered into the museum register on February 26, 1867. Col-lected by Antonio F. G. de Lacerda, Jr. Original number 330.Amazilia distans Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 4, May 21, 1956.
. Adult male. "El Salao" (elev. 300 meters), near Burgua, Stateof Tachira, Venezuela. July 17, 1954. Collected by Ramon Urbano.deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it isNo. 60790.Amazilia aliciae RichmondAuk 12 (4) : 368, October 1895.=Amazilia tobaci aliciae Richmond. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 71, 1945.151067. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 4, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 408.Amazilia edward ludibunda WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 121 (2) : 16, December 2, 1952.400314. Adult male. Quebrada Chitabe, 4 miles west of Pese, Provinceof Herrera, Panama. March 30, 1948. Collected by Alexander Wet-more and Watson M. Perrygo. Original number 14081.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 183Amazilia edward coUata WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 121 (2) : 17, December 2, 1952.433638. Adult male. Head of Rio Anton (at elev. 1,900 feet), near ElValle de Anton, Province of Code, Panama. March 28, 1951. Col-lected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo. Originalnumber 16563.Amazilia cinnaniomea saturata NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 63, March 24, 1898.=Amazilia rutila corallirostris (Bourcier and Mulsant). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 5: 73, 1945.155297. Adult male. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. March 2,1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 3626. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Amazilia (Pyrrophaena) Graysoni LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 404 (not earlier than December 10),1866.
=Amazilia rutila graysoni Lawrence. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 73, 1945.42538. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on October 25, 1866. Collected byAndrew J. Grayson. Original number 75.Amazilia cerviiiiveiitris chalconota OberholserAuk 15 (1) : 32, January 1898.=Amazilia yucatanensis chalconota Oberholser. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 73, 1945.134941. Adult male. "Bville"=::=Brownsville (not Beeville), CameronCounty, Texas. May 29, 1894. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong.Received from Walter F. Webb.U[ranomitra] ellioti von BerlepschProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11 : 561, September 25, 1889.=Amazilia verticalis ellioti (von Berlepsch) . See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5: 75, 1945; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 72: 293, 1955.115288. Adult (sex not indicated). Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.Prior to August 1869, the date of the collector's death, but entered (orreentered) into the museum register on January 14, 1889. Collectedby Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 1119.Genus EUPHERUSA GouldEuphenisa exima nelsoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 23: 54, April 19, 1910.155363. Adult male. Motzorongo, State of Veracruz, Mexico. February28, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.500936?61 13
184 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Original number 1770. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Eupherusa nigriventris LawrenceProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 232 (not earlier than December31), 1867, or 1868.74015. Adult male. Costa Rica. 1866-1869. Collected by A. R. Endres.Genus ELVIRA Mnlsant, J. and E. VerreauxEupherusa niveicauda LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 134 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.
=Elvira chionura (Gould). See Ridgway, Birds of North and MiddleAmerica 5: 402, 404, 1911.35338. Adult male. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. July 22, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Eupherusa cuprciceps LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 348 (not earlier than June 25), 1866.
=Elvira cupreiceps (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 78, 1945.41478. Adult male. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of thesame name to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopesof the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet,probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. October 2, 1865. Collected byJulian Carmiol. Original number 1.Genus MICROCHERA GouldPanychlora parvirostris LawrenceProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 39, (not earlier than February28) 1865.
=Microchera albo-coronata parvirostris (Lawrence) . See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 5: 78, 1945.34912. Adult female. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.June 7, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Genus CHALYBURA ReichenbachChalybura Carnioli [sic] LawrenceProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 39 (not earlier than February 28),1865.
=Chalybura urochrysia melanorrhoa Salvin. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5: 79, 1945.34920. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June11, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol (not Carniol)
.
34921. Adult female. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June15, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol (not Carniol)
.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 185Genus LAMPORNIS SwainsonCyanolaemus clemenciae bessophilus OberholserCondor 20 (5) : 181, Septeiriber 27, 1918.=Lampornis clemenciae bessophilus (Oberholser) . See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 81, 1945.140247. Adult male. Fly Park, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County,Arizona. June 8, 1894. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Original num-ber 60. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Delattria henrica brevirostris RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 195, October 20, 1908.
==Lampornis amethystinus brevirostris (Ridgway). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the World 5 : 81, 1945.155982. Adult male. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March17, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3903. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Delattria pringlei NelsonAukl4(l):51, January 1897.
=Lampornis amethystinus margaritae (Salvin and Godman). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 5 : 81, 1945.155219. Adult male. Fifteen miles west of Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca,Mexico. September 14, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson andEdward A. Goldman. Original number 2288. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus HELIODOXA GouldHeliodoxa Henryi LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 402 (not earlier than December 10),1866, or 1867.
=Heliodoxa jacula henryi Lawrence. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 88, 1945.34922. Adult female. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June15, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.41476. Immature male. Tuiz {not Juiz), Province of Cartago, CostaRica. March 14, 1865 (not 1866). Collected by Julian Carmiol.Genus TOPAZA G. R. GrayTopaza pella pamprepta OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 321, January 18, 1902.174294. Adult male. Suno (on the Rio Napo at the mouth of the RioSuno), Peru or Ecuador (contested territory). May 1899. Collectedby Walter Goodfellow and Claud Hamilton.
186 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus AGLAEACTIS GouldAglaeactis olivaceocauda LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8; 470 (not earlier than May 13) , 1867.
=Aglaeactis cupripennis caumatonotus Gould. See von Berlepsch, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 561, 1888; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world5:96, 1945.39931. Adult (sex not indicated). Matara, Department of Ayacucho,Peru. October 22, 1864. Collected by Walter S. Church. Originalnumber 107. Genus COELIGENA LessonCoeligena bonapartei consita Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65: 135, August 5, 1952.
. Adult female. "Southeastern base of Cerro Tetari, at 2900 meterselevation," Sierra de Perija, State of Zulia, Venezuela. April 21, 1952.Collected by R. Urbano. Deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whoseprivate collection it is No. 54415.Coeligena orina WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 4, December 17, 1953.436219. Adult male. Paramo de Frontino (at elev. 10,500 feet), Depart-ment of Antioquia, Colombia. August 27, 1951. Collected by Mel-bourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 21016.Helianthea hamiltoni GoodfellowBull. Brit. Orn. Club 10: 48, February 28, 1900.
=Coeligena luteliae (De Lattre and Bourcier). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 101, 102, 1945.173708. Adult male. Papallacta, Province of Pichincha, Ecuador. Feb-ruary 1899. Collected by Walter Goodfellow and Claud Hamilton.This name was based upon a series of 15 specimens (12 males, threefemales) , from the same locality and of the same date.No. 173708 is merely a lectotype, chosen by Oberholser (Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 24: 325, 1902) because it is "the one which corresponds to the meas-urements given." But since the measurements given are presumably averageones for the series, all, by the rules adopted in this study, have equal statusas cotypes.The series run from No, 173706 to No. 173720, inclusive, of which Nos.173709, 173716, and 173720 are females. Making necessary allowance forsex, all have data identical with those given above for No, 173708.Genus BOISSONNEAUA ReichenbachBoissonneaua flavescens tinochlora OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 329, January 18, 1902.174520. Adult male. On the western side of the Volcan Corazon, Provinceof Pichincha, Ecuador. September 1898. Collected by Walter Good-fellow and Claud Hamilton.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 187Genus HELIANGELUS GouldIleliangelus exortis soderstromi [sic] OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 334, January 18, 1902.
=Heliangelus exortis (Fraser). See Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 36:304,305, 1917.174008. Adult female (not male). On the lower western side of theVolcan Corazon, Province of Pichincha, Ecuador. September 1898.Collected by Walter Goodfellow and Claud Hamilton.Genus HAPLOPHAEDIA SimonEriocneniis floccus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 8, September 27, 1912.=Haplophaedia aureliae caucensis (Simon) . See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5: 112, 1945.238295. Adult male. Eastern slope of Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,000 feet),near the head of the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. April12, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15488.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus METALLURA GouldZodaiia thaumasta OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 338, January 18, 1902.
=Metallura purpureicauda (Hartert). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 119, 1945.173911. Adult male. lUalo, Valley of Chillo (near the Volcan Cotopaxi),Province of Leon, Ecuador. November 1898. Collected by WalterGoodfellow and Claud Hamilton.In order to find a position for this form in my systematic scheme, I havefollowed Peters in placing it in the genus Metallura. Meyer de Schauenseehas however shown (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 107-111, 1947)that "Zodaiia thaumasta" is almost certainly a hybrid between Aglaiocercuscoelestis coelestis (Gould) and Leshia victoriae aequatorialis Boucard.Metallura iracunda WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 3, December 30, 1946.372813. Adult male. "Between 9,500 and 10,000 feet elevation aboveAiroca," Sierra de Perija, Department of Magdalena, Colombia. May4, 1942. Collected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number2609. Genus CHALCOSTIGMA ReichenbachRaniphomlcron olivaceus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 44 (not earlier than June 13), 1864.
=Chalcostigma olivaceum oUvaceum (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 121, 1945.
188 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22132640. Adult male. La Paz, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. (Not laterthan) 1861-1862. Received from David K. Cartter.Genus HELIOTHRYX BoieHeliolhrix barroti alincius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 339, January 18, 1902.
=Heliothryx barroti (Bourcier). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 127, 1945.33649. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctura, Department of Alta VeraPaz, Guatemala. 1862. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Original number4087. Genus PHILODICE Mulsant, J. and E. VerreauxTrochilus Bahamensis BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 106 (not earlier than September), 1859.
=Philodice evelynae evelynae (Bourcier). See Ridgway, Birds of Northand Middle America 5:643, 1911; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 132, 1945.13509, Adult male. Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahama Islands.April 1859. Collected by Henry Bryant.Bryant named this form from a series of seven, "killed in February andthe early part of March." Either he forgot that the bird had been foundalso in April, or the date for this specimen was incorrectly transcribed ontothe Smithsonian label by Baird (Bryant's original label no longer exists).The bird was one of several cotypes received from Bryant in December 1859;Baird wrote "type of Bahamensis" on the label, and its typeship was neverquestioned by Ridgway and Richmond.Two other cotypes, a male and a female, still exist in the Museum ofComparative Zoology, where they are Nos. 46812 and 46813.Doricha bryantae LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 483 (not earlier than May 27), 1867.
=Philodice bryantae (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 132, 1945.257362 (probably=47531 reentered). Adult male. Santa Maria de Dota,Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. February 27, 1867. Collected byJulian Carraiol.Genus ARCHILOCHUS ReichenbachTrochilus aurigularis LawrenceAnn, Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 7: 458 (not earlier than February 10),1862.
=Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus). See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 5: 629, 633, 1911.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 18923467. Adult male. "Somewhere in U.S." {fide Baird MS.). Enteredinto the museum register on December 31, 1861.Although this specimen was not given a number until the end of 1861,when it was entered as one of a miscellaneous lot of birds dried out fromalcohol, it had probably reached the museum many years before.Genus ATTHIS ReichenbachAtthis niorcomi RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 325, October 1898.
=Atthis heloisa heloisa (Lesson and De Lattre) . See Bangs, Condor29:118-119, 1927.153886. Adult female. Ramsay Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, CochiseCounty, Arizona. July 2, 1896. Collected by Harry G. Rising, Orig-inal number 5. Received from W. B. Judson.Atthis ellioti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1:9, March 27, 1878.
=Atthis heloisa ellioti Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 138, 1945.20494. Adult male. Volcan de Fuego, Department of Chimaltenango,Guatemala. Entered into the museum register on December 10, 1860.Collected by ? Constancia for Osbert Salvin. Original number 417.Received from Osbert Salvin.Order COLTIFORMES: ColiesFamify COLIIDAE: ColiesGenus COLIUS BrissonColius striatus jebelensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 394, January 19, 1915.216489. Adult male. Gondokoro, Mongalla Province, Anglo-EgyptianSudan. February 23, 1910. Collected by John A. Loring. Originalnumber 868. Smithsonian African Expedition.Order TROGONIFORMES: TrogonsFamify TROGONIDAE: TrogonsGenus TROGON BrissonTrogon bairdii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 119 (not earlier than April) 1868.=Trogon strigilatus bairdii Lawrence. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 152, 1945.
190 V.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22143018. Adult male. Turrialba (not San Mateo), Province of Cartago,Costa Rica. July (not April) 1866. Collected by Juan Cooper. Orig-inal number 31.In writing out museum labels for Nos. 43018 and 43019, someone errone-ously copied the data for Nos. 43008 and 43009; this explains Lawrence'smistake in locality and date.Trogon ambiguus goldmani NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12 : 8, January 27, 1898.=Trogon elegans goldmani Nelson. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 154, 1945.156752. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 10, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4338. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Trogon chrysomelas RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 513, October 4, 1893.=Trogon rufus tenellus Cabanis. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 156, 1945.127338. Adult male. Forest behind the International Planting Company("LP.") Plantation (on the Rio Escondido, 50 miles from Blueflelds),Department of Zelaya, Nicaragua. September 23, 1892, Collected byCharles W. Richmond. Original number 4396.No. 128377, the female "cotype," is in fact an example of Trogon vioJaceusconcinnus Lawrence, a fact discovered by Richmond himself many years ago.Chrysotrogon ranionianus goeldii RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 5: 786 (footnote b), November 29,1911.=Trogon violaceus crissalis (Cabanis and Heine). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5: 159, 1945.105232. Adult male. Para=Belem, State of Para, Brazil. March 6, 1881.Collected by Edward M. Brigham. Received from Indiana State Uni-versity through David S. Jordan.Genus HARPACTES SwainsonHarpactes rodiosternus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 166, "pi. XLI, fig. 3,"1848.
=Harpactes ardens (Temminck) . See Hachisuka, Birds of the Philip-pines 2: 192, 1934.14065. Adult male. Near Zamboanga, Zamboanga Province, MindanaoIsland, Philippine Islands. January 31, 1842. Original number 495.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Harpactes oreskios stellae DeignanAuk 58 (3): 397, July 9, 1941.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 191331917. Adult female. Ban Chiang Dao (lat. 19?20' N., long. 99?00' E.),Chiang Mai Province, northwestern Siam. January 29, 1932. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 5274.Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus aunamensis Robinson and Boden KlossIbis (11)1:424, July 1919.^Harpactes erythrocephalus annamensis (Robinson and Boden Kloss).See Deignan, U.S. Nat. Mus, Bull. 186: 194, 195, 1945.278367. Adult female. Dran (at elev. 3,000 feet), Haut-Donai Province,southern Annam. March 29, 1918. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.This race was based upon a pair from Dran and three females from thePeaks of Lang Bian. The two from Dran are designated as "types of thesubspecies" at the original description.Harpactes erythrocephalus chaseni RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 115, June 13, 1934.149749. Adult male. Semangko Pass (at elev. 2,700-4,000 feet), belowEraser's Hill, Selangor-Pahang boundary, Malaya. February 14, 1904.Received from the Selangor State Museum.Order CORACIIFORMES: Kingfishers, Bee-eaters,Rollers, HornbillsFamifyALCEDINIDAE: KingfishersGenus CERYLE BoleCeryle stictipennis LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 623, December 28, 1885.
=Ceryle torquata stictipennis Lawrence. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5: 166, 1945.82489. Adult female. Guadeloupe Island, Leeward Islands, CaribbeanSea. Entered into the museum register on August 6, 1881. Collectedby L. Guesde.This form was based upon two cotypes, a male and a female; the otherspecimen is now in the collection of the American Museum of NaturalHistory. Genus CHLOROCERYLE KaupCeryle americana isthmlca GoldmanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (27) : 1, December 1, 1911.
=Chloroceryle americana isthmica (Goldman). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 168, 1945.207628. Adult male. Rio Indio (near Gatun), Panama Canal Zone.February 23, 1911. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original num-ber 13820. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
192 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Chloroceryle amerlcana croteta WetmoreJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 325, August 19, 1922.75019. Adult male. Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. Entered into themuseum register on September 18, 1878. Collected by Frederick A.Ober.Ceryle superciliosa slictoptera RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2 : 95, April 10, 1884.
=Chloroceryle aenea stictoptera (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5: 170, 1945.39206. Adult female. Sisal, State of Yucatan, Mexico. May 7, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 455. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.39207 (not 39297). Adult male. Sisal, State of Yucatan, Mexico. May8, 1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 458.Comision Cientifica de Yucatan.Genus ALCEDO LinnaeusAlcedo menintiiig subviridis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 7, October 26, 1912.=Alcedo meninting meninting Horsfield, See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:358, 1944.179785. Adult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 23, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Alcedo meninting calliina OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 7, October 26, 1912.
==Alcedo meninting meninting Horsfield. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 358-359, 1944.179782. Adult male. Pulau Tana Bala, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. February 8, 1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.Alcedo meninting proxima RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25 : 104, June 15, 1912.=Alcedo meninting meninting Horsfield. See Ripley, Bull. Mus, Comp.Zool. 94: 358-359, 1944.179777. Adult (sex not indicated) . North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 4, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott. Genus CEYX LacepedeCeyx enopopygius OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 7, October 26, 1912.=Ceyx erithacus erithacus (Linnaeus) . See Ripley, Zoologica, New York27: 56, 1942.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 193181101. Immature female. Aru Bay, eastern coast of Sumatra at aboutlat. 4? 10' N., long. 98? 10' E. DeceraLer 5, 1905. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Ceyx tridactylus macrocarus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 24, June 30, 1917.=Ceyx erithacus macrocarus Oberholser. See Ripley, Zoologica, NewYork 27: 56, 1942.178555. Adult male. Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay ofBengal northwest of Sumatra. March 14, 1901. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott. Genus PELARGOPSIS GlogerRamphalcyon capensis hytlrophila OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 35: 661 (in key), 677, February 9, 1909.
=Pelargopsis capensis malaccensis Bowdler Sharpe. See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 5 : 187, 1945.170447. Adult male. Selitar (9 miles from Singapore Town), SingaporeIsland, Malaya. May 27, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Ramphalcyon capensis cyanopteryx OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 35: 661 (in key), 676, February 9, 1909.
=Pelargopsis capensis cyanopteryx (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 187, 1945.179210. Adult male. Tapanuli Bay, western coast of Sumatra at aboutlat. 1?39' N., long. 98?45' E. March 22, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Ramphalcyon capensis arignota OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 136, December 29, 1924.
=Pelargopsis capensis cyanopteryx (Oberholser), See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 187, 1945.178994. Adult male. Indragiri River (entering the South China Seathrough a delta lying due west of the Lingga Archipelago), southeasternSumatra. September 23, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pelargopsis simalurensis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 498, February 4, 1903.
=Pelargopsis capensis simalurensis Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 357, 1944; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world5: 187, 1945.179205. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 29, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Pelargopsis sodalis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 499, February 4, 1903.
=Pelargopsis capensis sodalis Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 357, 1944; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 5: 187, 1944.
194 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221179208. Adult female. Pulau Tuangku, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 25, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Ramphalcyon capensis iiesoeca OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 35: 661 (in key), 674, February 9, 1909.
=Pelargopsis capensis sodalis (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 357, 1944; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world5: 187, 1945.180865. Adult male. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 15, 1905. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Ramphalcyon capensis isoptera OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 35: 661 (in key), 671, February 9, 1909.
=Pelargopsis capensis sodalis Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 357-358, 1944; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 5: 187,1945.179750. Adult male. Sikakap Strait, between North and South PagiIslands, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Decem-ber 30, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Ramphalcyon capensis smithi MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 466, May 27, 1909.
=Pelargopsis capensis smithi (Mearns). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5: 188, 1945.211363. Adult male. Dumiirug Point, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands.April 18, 1908. Collected by Paul Bartsch. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission. Genus HALCYON SwainsonEntomothera coromanda neophora OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48 : 646, May 18, 1915.=Halcyon coromanda minor (Temminck and Schlegel). See Ripley,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 360, 1944.179191. Adult male. Tapanuli Bay, western coast of Sumatra at aboutlat. 1?39' N., long. 98?45' E. February 19, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Entomothera coromanda pagana OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 648, May 18, 1915.=Halcyon coromanda minor (Temminck and Schlegel). See Ripley,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 360, 1944.179762. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 4, 1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.Entomothera coromanda ochrothorectis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 652, May 18, 1915.=Halcyon coromanda ochrothorectis (Oberholser). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 5: 195, 1945.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 195233081. Adult male. Palanog, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands. No-vember 6, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences (where itwas No. 820 of the Menage Collection)
.
Halcyon senegalensis cinereicapillus MearnsProc. U.S. Nat, Mus. 48: 391, January 19, 1915.=Halcyon senegalensis senegalensis (Linnaeus). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 198, 1945.216577. Adult male. Kisingo (on the Kampala-Hoima road, betweenKatwe and Kigoma), Mengo (or Mubende) District, Uganda Protec-torate. December 29, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 17859. Smithsonian African Expedition.Halcyon malimbicus prenticei MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 392, January 19, 1915.=Halcyon malimbica prenticei Mearns. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 199, 1945.217407. Adult (sex not indicated). Sese Islands, northwestern LakeVictoria, Uganda Protectorate. Not later than 1909-1910. Collectedby Father Prentice (of the French Mission, Uganda). Received fromEdgar A. Mearns.Dacelo albifrons "Peale MSS." PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 162, "pi. xuu," 1848.=Halcyon sancta vagans (Lesson). See Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.70: 208, 1930; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 5: 205, 1945.14555. Immature female. Bay of Islands, North Island, New Zealand.March 1840. Original number 482. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14573. Subadult male. Same data as 14555.Cassin's MS. list shows that he saw three examples of this bird, and thereare three entries in the museum register. No. 14591 is now No. 75704 inthe collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.Sauropatis chloris cyanescens OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52: 189, February 8, 1917.Halcyon chloris laubnianniana GroteAnzeiger der ornithologischen Gesellschaft in Bayern 2 (6) : 266, March20, 1933.
=Halcyon chloris lauhmanniana Grote. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 208, 1945.170835. Adult male. Pulau Taya=Pulau Saya (lat. 0?47' S., long.104?56' E.), South China Sea. July 28, 1899. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Halcyon chloris lauhmanniana Grote is a new name for Sauropatis chloriscyanescens Oberholser, 1917, not H. cyanescens Cabanis and Reichenow,1877, and is based upon the same type specimen.
196 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Sauropatis chloris chloroptera OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 379, May 2, 1919.=Halcyon chloris laubmanniana Grote. See Ripley, BuU. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 360-361, 1944.179771. Adult male. Sibabo Bay, Simalur Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. October 23, 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Sauropatis chloris amphiryta OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 382, May 2, 1919.
=HalcyoTi chloris laubmanniana Grote. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:360,361, 1944.179765. Adult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. March 21, 1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.Sauropatis chloris azela OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 377, May 2, 1919.
=Halc'yon chloris azela (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 361, 1944.180686. Adult male. Enggano Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 19, 1904. Collected by William L.Abbott.Sauropatis chloris palmeri OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55 : 369, May 2, 1919.=Halcyon chloris palmeri (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 5: 208, 1945.218416. Adult male. Gunong Bunder (at elev. 2,400 feet), Mount Salak,Buitenzorg Province, western Java. May 17, 1909. Collected by Wil-liam Palmer. Original number 599.Sauropatis chloris hyperpontia OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55 : 386, May 2, 1919.=Halcyon chloris sordida Gould. See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 469 : 4, 6,1931.102000. Subadult (sex not indicated). "Havannah Harbour, Vate." En-tered into the museum register on January 30, 1885, but possiblycollected much earlier. Received from Henry Seebohm.The oldest label is Tristram's, with his name scratched out, but while thebird may have passed through his hands, it was probably never part of hiscollection. Mayr {op. cit.) has shown that the locality on the label is errone-ous, and this is confirmed by the statement in an unidentified hand on theback of the label that it is "//. sordida Gould fide Ramsay."Halcyon chloris bennetti RipleyJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 37 (3) : 97, March 15, 1947.377009. Adult male. Nissan (Sir Charles Hardy) Island, BismarckArchipelago, Oceania. August 22, 1944. Collected by Logan J.Bennett.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 197Dacelo vitiensis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 156, "pi. xliv," 1848.=Halcyon chloris vitiensis (Peale) . See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 212, 1945,14612=14602? Subadult (sex not indicated). "Tongataboo?"=FijiIslands? Original number 483. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Cassin (U.S. Exploring Expedition 8:209, 1858) stated that he had
"seven specimens belonging to the collection made by the Expedition, andcollected in the Feejee and Tonga Islands." Since vitiensis is now restrictedto certain of the Fijis, while sacra is the race of the Tongas, it is importantto know how many of tlie seven were actually Fijian birds.The museum register has seven entries for this form, of which three(Nos. 14575, 14601, and 14603) are said to come from the Fijis, and two(Nos. 14570 and 14612) from "Tongataboo?," while two (Nos. 14599 and14602) are without indication of provenience.No. 14601 was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences in 1864, and No.14599 was sent to the same place in 1870 ; both were destroyed by the GreatFire. A specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia(where it is No. 21430) is asserted by Stone definitely to have come fromTongatabu, and therefore cannot be a type of vitiensis at all.In the U.S. National Museum there remain three specimens of interest inthis connection. No. 14570, an adult male from "Tongataboo?," and No.14575, an unsexed adult from "Viti," both agree better with modern examplesof sacra than with similar ones of vitiensis, and therefore must be removedfrom consideration.No. "14612," despite the fact that it is labeled as from "Tongataboo?,"seems to represent true vitiensis. Richmond long ago in MS. suggested thatthe wrong number had been transcribed on the bottom of the stand atmounting, or that, at dismounting, the bird had acquired the wrong label.This surmise is strengthened by the probability that the one specimen labeledas from "Viti" came instead from the Tongas.Sauropatis sacra rabulala Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63: 197, August1919.
=Halcyon chloris sacra (Gmelin). See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1152:1,1941.212343. Adult male. Eua Island (lat. 21?20'30'' S., long. 175?02' W.),Tonga Islands, Oceania. November 28, 1899. Collected by CharlesH. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Sauropatis sacra celada Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 : 198, August1919.
198 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Halcyon chloris sacra (Gmelin). See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1152: 1,1941.212347. Adult male. Vavau Island (lat. 18?38'20" S., long. 174^01' W.)
,
Tonga Islands, Oceania. December 4, 1899. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Dacelo coronata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 160, "pi. XLVI," 1848.Halcyon Pealei Finsch and HartlaubBeitrag zur Fauna Centralpolynesiens, p. 38, 1867.=Halcyon chloris pealei Finsch and Hartlaub. See Bowdler Sharpe, Cata-logue of the birds in the British Museum 17: 266, 1892; Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 5: 213, 1945.14566. Adult (sex not indicated). Tutuila Island, Samoan Islands,Oceania. "March 14," 18? . Original number 484. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).14571. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 14566.14604. Adult male. Same data as No. 14566.I have found six entries for this form in the museum register, but thereshould be at least one other. No. 14554 was sent to the Chicago Academy ofSciences in 1864 and was later destroyed in the Great Fire. Nos. 14569 and14600 cannot now be found, but must be among the 3 specimens now pre-served in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (where they are Nos. 75710and 75711) and the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (whereNo. 21429).The traditional collection date of these birds is probably wrong, for Ifind no evidence that any ship of the expedition fleet was at Tutuila onMarch 14 of any year.Halcyon Pealei Finsch and Hartlaub is a new name for Dacelo coronataPeale, not H. coronata S. Miiller, 1843, By implication it has the sametypes as Peale's name, although, since the form is fully described (and notfrom one of Peale's original specimens) , the authors' own bird should per-haps more properly be considered the type.Dacelo minima PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 159, "pi. xlv," 1848.
=Halcyon recurvirostris (Lafresnaye). See Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 70:208, 1930; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 5:214,1945.14551. Adult female. Upolu Island, Samoan Islands, Oceania.Original number 485. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14560. Adult female. Same data as No. 14551.There are four entries for this species in the museum register. Nos.14553 and 14559, both males, are now missing, but must represent the
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 199
cotypes now in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (whereNo. 21448) and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (where No. 75712)
.
Dacelo nullitorques PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm, and Orn.) : 155, "pi. XLn," 1848.=Halcyon venerata venerata (Gmelin). See Bowdler Sharpe, Catalogueof the birds in the British Museum 17: 288, 289, 1892; Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 5 : 214, 1945.14589. Adult male. Tahiti Island, Society Islands, Oceania. Originalnumber 481. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Cassin (U.S. Exploring Expedition 8: 218, 1858) stated that he had 9examples of this species, of which no less than 4 belonged to the collectionof the Exploring Expedition; his MS. list, however, indicates that the Ex-pedition got but one.Halcyon concreta peristephes DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 36 (12) : 428, December 31, 1946.330226. Adult male. Khao Luang (lat. 11?40' N., long. 99?35' E.), amountain southwest of Prachuap Khiri Khan (Ko Lak), southwesternSiam. October 6, 1930. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Originalnumber 4235.Family MOMOTIDAE: MotmotsGenus HYLOMANES LichtenstemHylomanes momotula obscurus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (22) : 1, September 7, 1911.229477. Adult female. Cerro Bruja (not Brujo), Panama Canal Zone(not Panama). June 7, 1911. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 15049. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus ELECTRON GistelElectron plalyrhynchus suboles NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 5, September 27, 1912.=Electron platyrhynchum minus (Hartert). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 222, 1945.232536. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 2,000 feet), Depart-ment of Darien, Panama. March 9, 1912. Collected by Edward A.Goldman. Original number 15336. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Electron platyrhynchum orienlicola OberholserProc. Indiana Acad. Sci., for 1919, p. 342, 1920.177039. Adult female. Hyutanaham, at the head of navigation on the RioPurus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. March 16, 1901. Collected by JosephB. Steere.500936?61 14
200 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Germs EUMOMOTA SclaterEumomota superciliaris bipartitus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25 : 90, May 4, 1912.=Eumomota superciliosa bipartita Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 5 : 223, 1945.145282. Adult male. Cacoprieto, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. February1880. Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 42.Received from Adolph Boucard.Genus MOMOTUS BrisaonMoniotus niexicanus saturatus NelsonAuk 14 ( 1 ) : 49, January 1897.155151. Adult male. Ciudad Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.April 29, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 2618. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Moniotus lessoni goldmani NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 256, July 1900.=Momotus momota lessonii Lesson. See Van Tyne, Misc. Publ. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan 27: 19, 1935.155138. Adult male. Motzorongo, State of Veracruz, Mexico. March5, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 1805. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Moniotus lessonii exiguus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 89, May 4, 1912.=Momotus momota exiguus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 226, 1945.106311. Adult male. Temax, State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 1885.Collected by George F. Gaumer. Original number 118.Moniotus conexus reconditus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 4, September 27, 1912.=Momotus momota reconditus Nelson. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 5: 226, 1945.238084. Adult (sex not indicated). Marraganti, Department of Darien,Panama. April 5, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 15943. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Moniotus momota spatha WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 1, December 30, 1946.368925. Adult male. Nazaret, Commissary of La Guajira, Colombia.May 2, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 11752.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 201Family MEROPIDAE: Bee-eatersGenus MELITTOPHAGUS BoieMelittophagus variegatus loringi MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 393, January 19, 1915.216565. Adult male. Butiaba (on the shore of Lake Albert), BunyoroDistrict, Uganda Protectorate. January 6, 1910. Collected by JohnA. Loring. Original number 674. Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus MEROPS LinnaeusMerops superciliosus donaldsoni OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27 : 737, May 21, 1904.=Merops superciliosus superciliosus Linnaeus. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 5 : 235, 1945.177908. Adult male. Bar Madu, headwaters of the Ganana (Ganale)River, Gallaland, south-central Ethiopia (not Somaliland as now under-stood). February 19, 1895. Collected by A. Donaldson Smith.Original number 512.Family CORACIIDAE: RollersGenus EURYSTOMUS VieillotEuryetomus orientalis abundus RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 170, December 31, 1942.276483. Adult male. Nanking, Kiangsu Province, China. May 20, 1893.Collected by Arthur de C. Sowerby. Original number 1948.Eurystomus orientalis deignani RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 171, December 31, 1942.350027. Adult male. The right bank of the river Mae Nan, just north ofBan Muang Ngop (lat. 19?30' N., long. 100?55' E), Nan Province,northern Siam. April 22, 1936. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan.Original number 1212.Family BUCEROTIDAE: HornbillsGenus RHYTICEROS ReichenbachCranorrhinus corrugatus megislus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 6, October 26, 1912.
=Rhyticeros leucocephalus megistus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).179797. Adult male. Pulau Tana Bala, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. February 11, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
202 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Rhyticeros undulatus ticehursti DeignanAuk 58 (3) : 397, July 9, 1941.336836. Adult male, Huai Oi ( 14 km. northeast of Ban Sop Li, which liesat the confluence of the rivers Mae Li and Mae Nan), Nan Province,northern Siam. April 4, 1937. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan.Original number 2500.Genus ANTHRACOCEROS ReichenbachHydrocissa convexa barussensis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 300, July 19, 1924.
=Anthracoceros convexus (Temminck) , fide Deignan (ms.) .179786. Adult (sex not indicated). Pulau Tana Bala, Batu Group,Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. February 11,1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hydrocissa convexa zamelaena OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 38, 1932.
=Anthracoceros convexus (Temminck ),^c?e Deignan (MS.).174704. Adult male. Pulau Lingung, northern Natuna Islands, SouthChina Sea. June 14, 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Anthracoceros Marchei OustaletLe Naturaliste 7 (14) : 108, July 15, 1885.
=Anthracoceros marchei Oustalet. See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 5: 267, 1945.118618. Adult male. Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippine Islands.January 1884. Collected by Alfred Marche. Original number 2080.Received from the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.Oustalet established this form upon "several" specimens from Palawan,three from Busuanga, and two from Balabac. The remaining cotypes arepresumably still preserved in the museum at Paris.Genus BUCEROS LinnaeusBuceros obscurus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 125, "pi. XXXIII,"1848.
=Buceros hydrocorax mindanensis Tweeddale, fide Deignan (ms.).15273. Adult female. Near Zamboanga, Zamboanga Province, Mindanao(not Mindoro) Island, Philippine Islands. Original number 302. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).This name has been wholly overlooked in the literature at hand. Thebird of Mindanao is a perfectly distinct form, but Peale's designation is pre-occupied by [^Buceros'\ obscurus Gmelin, 1788.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 203Order PICIFORMES: Jacamars, Barbels, Toucans,WoodpeckersFamily BUCCONIDAE: Puff-birdsGenus HYPNELUS Cabanis and HeineHypnelus bicinctiis stoicus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 98 (4) : 1, March 10, 1939.151670. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 3, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Originalnumber 404. Genus MALACOPTILA G. R. GrayMalacoptila fuliginosa Richmond, ex Ridgway MS.Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 512, October 4, 1893.
=Malacoptilu panamensis fuliginosa Richmond, fide Wetmore (ms.).127339. Adult female. Forest behind the International Planting Company("LP.") Plantation (on the Rio Escondido, 50 miles from Bluefields),Department of Zelaya, Nicaragua. September 23, 1892. Collected byCharles W. Richmond. Original number 4392.The type, a melanistic specimen, is definitely aberrant.Genus NONNULA SclaterNonnula frontalis stulta WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 3, December 17, 1953.445077. Adult male. El Uracillo, Province of Code, Panama. February23, 1952. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo.Original number 16946.Genus MONASA VieillotMonasa fidelis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (37) : 1, February 16, 1912.=Monasa morphoeus fidelis Nelson. See Griscom, Bull. Mus. Corap. Zool.78: 328, 1935.207666. Adult male. Southern slope of Cerro Azul (at elev. 800 feet),about 15 miles NW. of Chepo, Department of Panama, Panama. March21, 1911. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 14127.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Monasa similis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (37) : 1, February 16, 1912.=Monasa morphoeus fidelis Nelson. See Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.78: 328, 1935.207665. Adult female. Cerro Azul (at elev. 800 feet), about 15 milesNW. of Chepo, Department of Panama, Panama. March 24, 1911.
204 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 14180. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Monasa pallescens CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 134 (not earlier than April 24),1860.=Monasa morphoeus pallescens Cassin. See Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 78: 329, 1935.21757. Adult (sex not indicated). Falls of the Rio Truando, at the Cor-dillera de Baudo, Intendency of Choco, Colombia. January 1858.Collected by Charles J. Wood and William S. Wood, Jr. Original num-ber "157." U.S. Survey of the Rio Altrato.21758. Adult female. Original number "167." Other data same as forNo. 21757.21759. Adult (sex not indicated) . Original number "167." Other datasame as for No. 21757.
"Stated by Messrs. W. S. and C. J. Wood, to have been seen once only inthe Cordilleras on the river Truando, in January 1858. A party of eight orten specimens was observed . . ., and . . . several were obtained" (seeCassin, op. cit., p. 135)
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In addition to the three examples here listed, two cotypes, a male and afemale, are in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where theyare Nos. 20829 and 20830.Monasa pallescens minor NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26: 67, March 22, 1913.
==Monasa morphoeus pallescens Cassin. See Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 78: 329, 1935.232915. Adult male. Marraganti, Province of Darien, Panama. April5, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15930.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Monasa sclateri RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 89, May 4, 1912.=Monasa morphoeus sclateri Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 6: 22, 1948.64076. Adult (sex not indicated). "Bogota," Colombia. Entered intothe museum register on August 18, 1873. Received from Stephen A.Hurlbut and George H. Hurlbut.Monasa rikeri RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 88, May 4, 1912.=Monasa morphoeus morphoeus (Hahn and Kiister) . See Griscom andGreenway, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 88: 192, 1941.121033. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. June 30, 1887. Collectedby Clarence B. Riker. Original number 114.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 205Family CAPITONIDAE: BarbelsGenus CAPITO VieiUotCapito maculicoronatus pirrensis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (21) : 1, February 26, 1913.238116. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (elev. 1,800 feet), at the baseof Mount Pirri, Department of Darien, Panama. April 11, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15468. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Capito auratus trausilens FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 58: 113, July 18, 1945.
=Capito niger transilens Friedmann. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 6: 26, 1948.326032. Adult male. Santa Isabel (on the Rio Negro), State of Amazonas,Brazil. October 16, 1930. Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R.Blake, and Charles T. Agostini. Original number 3848. National Geo-graphic Society Brazil-Venezuela Expedition.Genus EUBUCCO BonaparteC[apito]. glaucogularis von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 301, 1844.=Eubucco versicolor glaucogularis (von Tschudi). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 29, 1948.41920. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This form was based upon an unknown number of specimens. That therewere more than one is shown by the facts that von Tschudi's colored platewas evidently taken from an example other than ours (see Friedmann andDeignan, Zoologica 27:51, 1942) and that Sclater (Ibis, p. 190, 1861)examined at least one of von Tschudi's birds then deposited in the collectionof the Bremen Museum.Genus SEMNORNIS RichmondTetragonops frantzii Sclater, ex Baird MS.Ibis (1) 6: 371,pl. 10, July-October 1864.=Semnornis jrantzii (Sclater). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 6: 30, 1948.33450. Adult (sex not indicated). San Carlos {fide museum register)="Commandancia de San Carlos, or the Government Station on thatriver [San Carlos] at the point where the Rio Arenal enters from thewest" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:351, 1910), Province ofAlajuela, Costa Rica. Entered into the museum register on March 24,1864. Collected by Alexander von Frantzius. Original number 83.Sclater {loc. cit.) gave the provenience of this bird as "in the mountainsof Costa Rica," and again as "in int. reipubl. Costa Rica."
206 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Von Frantzius sent two specimens, of which No. 33449 cannot now befound. Each was entered into the register as from San Carlos, but theprinted label of No. 33450 reads "Costa Rica (San Jose)," as probably didthat of No. 33449, and as certainly do those of all other skins received fromvon Frantzius at the same time. The only published record for the occur-rence of the species at San Jose (Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York9: 130, 1868) is derived from this label.San Carlos seems to be a more likely locality for the specimen, but itmust be noted that all other material from San Carlos received at the sametime was collected, not by von Frantzius, but by Julian Carmiol. Thiswould imply that one of von Frantzius's labels had been attached in themuseum to one of Carmiol's birds, although the possibility is somewhatnegated by von Frantzius's failure to disclaim credit for the discovery of theoriginal specimen (Ibis, p. 551, 1865)
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Genus MEGALAIMA G. R. GrayMegalaima virens mayri RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 100, June 16, 1948.390200. Adult male. Dreyi (Tidding Saddle at elev. 6,000 feet),Mishmi Hills, Sadiya Frontier Tract, Assam Province, India. January6, 1947. Collected by Edward C. Migdalski. Original number 321.Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedition.Megalaima zeylanica rana RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 101, May 25, 1950.408263. Adult male. Bajora, Dailekh District, western Nepal. January2, 1949. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 409. Na-tional Geographic Society-Yale University-Smithsonian Institution Ex-pedition to Nepal.Chotorea niystacophanes ampala OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 6, October 26, 1912.=Megalaima mystacophanos ampala (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 366, 1944; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 6: 35, 1948.179699. Adult male. Pulau Tana Bala, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. February 11, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Cyanops franklini trangensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47 : 116, June 13, 1934.
=Megalaima franklinii trangensis (Riley). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 35, 1948.160236. Adult female. Summit of Khao Nam Pliu (elev. 3,000 feet), ahill (at lat. 7?35' N., long. 99?50' E.) in the range dividing Trangand Phatthalung Provinces, peninsular Thailand. February 22, 1897.Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 207Megalainia incognita elbeli DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69(36) : 207, December 31, 1956.452629. Adult female. Ban Muang Khai (lat. 17?30' N., long. 101?20'E.), Loei Province, Thailand. January 7, 1955. Collected by RobertE. Elbel. Original number RE 4399. U.S. Operations Mission toThailand.Cyanops incognita euroa DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 29(4) : 177, April 15, 1939.=Megalaima incognita euroa (Deignan). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 6: 37, 1948.337073. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102^15' E.),Chanthaburi Province, southeastern Siam. April 28, 1937. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 2597.Bucco rubritorquis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 133, "pi. xxxvi, fig.2," 1848.=Megalaima armillaris henricii (Temminck). See Riley, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 172: 206, 1938; Ripley, Auk 62: 552, 555, 1945.14191. Adult (sex not indicated). Singapore Island, Malaya. Originalnumber 374. U.S. Exploring Expedition ( 1838-1842 )
.
14194. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 14191.Peale mentioned that he had five specimens of this form, which "do notvary in plumage," but there are seven entries for the species in the museumregister, and Cassin's MS. list indicates that he saw seven.Nos. 14195 and 14197 were sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences in1870, while No. 14200 was sent to the same place on January 28, 1881 ; thefirst two must have been destroyed in the Great Fire, Nos. 14192 and 14198are unaccounted for in our records, but must represent the two cotypes nowin the Museum of Comparative Zoology, v??here they are Nos. 75768 and75769.It is very probable that the birds of the Asiatic mainland must beseparated from those of Sumatra (henricii). The apparent differenceshave been pointed out by Riley {loc. cit.), who has erred, however, in stat-ing that Peal's name would be available for them, since Hartlaub'snialaccensis antedates it by six years.Cyanops australis invisa DeignanAuk 58 (3): 398, July 9, 1941.=Megalaima australis cyanotis (Blyth). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 6: 38, 1948.336982. Adult male. Pang Makham Phong, a campsite near the head ofthe river Mae Fang and beneath the limestone hill Doi Pha Sakaeng (atabout lat. 19?35' N., long. 99^06' E.), Chiang Mai (or Chiang Rai)Province, northwestern Siam. December 29, 1936. Collected byHerbert G. Deignan. Original number 2141.
208 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Mezobucco duvaucelii giganlorhinus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60(7) : 6, October 26, 1912.
=Meg,alaima australis giganthorhina (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 366, 1944, and Auk 62: 552, 555, 1945.179703. Adult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 26, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus POGONIULUS LafresnayePogoniulus bilineatus alius FriedmannAuk 47 ( 1 ) : 86, January 2, 1930.214943. Adult male. Nairobi, Nairobi District, Kenya Colony. August25, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 16609.Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus LYBIUS HermannMelanobucco abbolti RichmondAuk 14(2): 164, April 1897.=Lyhius leuccocephalus albicaada (Shelley). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (1) : 438, 1930; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world6: 58, 1948.117957. Adult female. Plains near Taveta, Teita District, Kenya Colony.July 22, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Family INDICATORIDAE: Honey-guidesGenus INDICATOR VieiUotMelignothes exilis meliphilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 869, July 8, 1905.
=Indicator exilis meliphilus (Oberholser). See Sclater, in Jackson,Birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate 2: 737, 1938.117965. Adult male. Taveta, Teita District, Kenya Colony. August 15,1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Family RAMPHASTIDAE: ToucansGenus AULACORHYNCHUS GouldAulacorliyiichus prasimis virescens RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25 : 88, May 4, 1912.120263. Immature (not adult) female. Chasnigua, Department of Cortes,Honduras. January 2, 1891. Collected by Erich Wittkiigel. Originalnumber 186.Aulacorhamphus caeruleigularis cognalus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 4, September 27, 1912.
=Aulacorhynchus prasinus cognatus (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 72, 1948.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 209232544. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,000 feet), near the head ofthe Rio Limon, Province of Darien, Panama. March 5, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15292. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Aiilacorhamphus dimidiatus RidgwayAuk 3 (3) : 333, July 1886.
=Aulacorh'ynchus prasinus dimidiatus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 73, 1948.106052. Adult (sex not indicated). Locahty unknown=Peru? Enteredinto the museum register on November 16, 1885. Transferred from theDepartment of State, which acquired it from one of the national exhibits(presumably that of Peru) at the World's Industrial and Cotton Centen-nial Exposition in New Orleans (1884-1885).See Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 33:632-633, 1914, and myremarks under Grammopsittaca lineola maculata Ridgway (p. 125).Genus PTEROGLOSSUS IlligerPteroglo8SU8 torqualus erythrozonus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 88, May 4, 1912.106310. Adult (sex not indicated). Temax, State of Yucatan, Mexico.December 1884. Collected by George F. Gaumer. Original number130. Family PICIDAE: Woodpeckers, PiculetsGenus PICUMNUS TemminckPicunmus flavotinctus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 543, September 20, 1889.=Picumnus olivaceus flavotinctus Ridgway. See Carriker, Ann. CarnegieMus. 6: 594, 1910.116593. Adult male. Pozo Azul de Pirris (a region of heavy forest onthe Rio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean),Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. September 10 (not 6), 1886. Col-lected by Jose Castulo Zeledon. Original number 1797. Received fromthe Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.Picumnus olivaceus panamensls RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 34, February 24, 1911.
=Picumniis olivaceus flavotinctus Ridgway. See Griscom, Bull. Mus.Conip. Zool. 78: 332, 1935.53959. Adult male. Lion Hill Station, Panama Railway (now representedby an islet in Gatun Lake), Panama Canal Zone. Entered into themuseum register on December 19, 1868. Collected by James McLean-nan.
210 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Picumnus exilis pernambucensis ZimmerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 99, August 22, 1947.377212. Adult male. Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. August 20,1944. Collected by Donald W. Lamm.Genus NESOCTITES HargittNesoctites abbotti WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 167, October 15, 1928.
=Nesoctites micromegas abbotti Wetmore. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, p. 84, 1945.251504. Adult male. Gonave Island, in the Bay of Gonaives, Haiti, His-paniola Island, Caribbean Sea. February 24, 1918. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott. Genus SASIA HodgsonSasia ochracea basbroucki DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 37 (1) : 25, January 31, 1947.173000. Adult female. Maliwun, Mergui District, Tenasserim Division,Burma. March 22, 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus COLAPTES VigorsColaptes mexicanus saturatior RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 90, April 10, 1884.
=Colaptes cajer cajer (Gmelin). See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 6: 100, 1948.40063. Adult male. Neah Bay, Clallam County, Washington. Enteredinto the museum register on November 18, 1865. Collected by J. G.Swan. At some time acquired through exchange by Robert Ridgway,in whose collection it was No. 2016, but returned to the U.S. NationalMuseum with its original registry number.13516. Adult female. Semiahmoo, Whatcom County, Washington. April8, 1859. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennedy. Original number 274.Northwest Boundary Survey.Colaptes mexicanus rufipileus RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2 (2) : 191, 1876.
=Calaptes cajer rufipileus Ridgway. See Ridgway, Birds of North andMiddle America 6: 37, 1914.70000. Adult female. Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N., long. 118?15'W.), eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico.February 20, 1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 3.70001. Adult female. Same data as No. 70000.70002. Adult female. Same data as No. 70000. At some time acquiredthrough exchange by Robert Ridgway, but returned to the U.S. NationalMuseum with its original registry number.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 211Colaptes auratus borealis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 31, February 24, 1911.49922. Adult male. Nulato, Nulato District (on the Yukon River east ofNorton Sound) , Alaska. June 23, 1867. Collected by William H. Dall.Original number 1044. Western Union Company's Overland Interna-tional Telegraph Expedition.Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 32, February 24, 1911.132871. Adult male. Quitovaquito, Pima County, Arizona. February2, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns and Francis X. Holzner. Orig-inal number 10252. Mexican-United States International BoundaryCommission. Genus PICULUS von SpixChloronerpes rubiginosus tobagensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 33, February 24, 1911.
=Piculus rubiginosus tobagensis (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 112, 1948.74968. Adult male. Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. May 1878. Col-lected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 173.Chloronerpes chrysochlorus aiirosiis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 3, September 27, 1912.
=Piculus chrysochloros aurosus (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 114, 1948.232926. Adult male. Marraganti, Province of Darien, Panama. April3 (not 4), 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original num-ber unknown. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus CAMPETHERA G. R. GrayDendronius caroli arizelus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 29, October 9, 1899.=Campethera caroli arizela (Oberholser) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld6: 121,1948.161763. Adult male. Mount Coffee ("one of the numerous low hills alongthe St. Paul River, about 25 miles from Monrovia"), Liberia. Febru-ary 19, 1897. Collected by Rolla P. Currie. Original number 7.Genus CELEUS BoieCeleus loricatus diversus RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6: 145, April 8 ,1914.64872. Adult male. Sipurio, "Talamanca," Costa Rica or Panama (con-tested territory) . March 31, 1873. Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon.Original number 150. Received from William M. Gabb. At some timeacquired through exchange by Robert Ridgway, but returned to theU.S. National Museum with its original registry number.
212 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22164873. Adult male. "Costa Rica"=( probably) Sipurio, "Talamanca"(see Carriker, i\nn. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910) , Costa Rica or Panama(contested territory). Entered into the museum register on November5, 1873. Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon. Original number 297.Received from William M. Gabb.68003. Adult female. "Talamanca"= (probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). May 1874. Collected by Juan Cooper. Original number340. Received from William M. Gabb.68004. Adult male. "Talamanca"=( probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). May 1874. Collected by Juan Cooper. Original number341. Received from William M. Gabb.In the first description, Ridgway gave a list of Costa Rican localitieswhence his material came, but mentioned no individual specimen. Thefirst restriction of type locality appears in Cory, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 2(2) : 453 (footnote c), 1919, where it is stated, fide Ridgway,that the type came from Talamanca. Since the specimen concerned. No.64872, was presumably selected subsequently to the description, it is heretreated simply as a cotype, as are all others of the original series from thesame locality.Celeus nientalis CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 137 (not earlier than April 24),1860.
=Celeus loricatus mentalis Cassin. See Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 36:354, 1917.21752. Adult female. Turbo (a small village on the eastern shore of theGulf of Uraba at lat. 8?06' N., long. 76^41' W.), Department of An-tioquia, Colombia. 1857 or 1858. Collected by Charles J. Wood andWilliam S. Wood, Jr. Original number 340. U.S. Survey of the RioAtrato.Cassin's series was composed of three specimens, of which No. 21751, afemale from Turbo, and No. 21753, a male from the Rio Atrato, are nowrespectively Nos. 19547 and 19548 in the collection of the Academy ofNatural Sciences of Philadelphia.Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1899, p, 32, 1899), withoutall of the original material before him, capriciously set up the Philadelphiamale as the type, thus implicitly restricting the type locality to the middle orupper Rio Atrato and making Cassin's name a synonym of Celeus I. loricatus(Reichenbach), to which race the specimen in question belongs. This un-fortunate circumstance has been brought to light by Meyer de Schauensee(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 99: 115, 1947), who definitely restrictedthe type locality to Turbo and validated Cassin's name for the coastal race.In this case, the two females in Washington and Philadelphia continue to becotypes of Celeus I. mentalis.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 213Genus MICROPTERNUS BlythMicroptemus brachyurus williamsoni Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (1) : 107, January 22, 1918.278350. Adult male. Ko Lak=Prachuap Khiri Khan (lat. 11? 50' N.,long. 99?50' E.), Province of Prachuap Khiri Khan, Thailand. Novem-ber 10, 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Micropternus phaioceps celaenephis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 6, October 26, 1912.
=Micropternus brachyurus celaenephis Oberholser. See Rijiley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 369, 1944.179688. Adult female. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 29, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus PICUS LinnaeusPicus vittatus eurous DeignanIbis 97 (1) : 23, January 1, 1955.333742. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?15' E.),Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. November 3, 1933. Collected byHugh McC. Smith. Original number 6600.Gecinus Weberi A. MiillerOrnis der Insel Salanga, p. 69, 1882.=Picus vittatus weberi (A. Miiller). See Deignan, Ibis 97:24, 1955.112665. Adult male. "Island of Salanga, near Malacca"=Phuket Island,off the western coast of peninsular Thailand. Not later than 1880.Collected by Johannes Weber. Received from the "Linnaea, Naturhis-torisches Institut, Berlin N."112666. Adult female. "Island of Salanga, near Malacca"=PhuketIsland, off the western coast of peninsular Thailand. Not later than1880. Collected by Johannes Weber. Received from the "Linnaea,Naturhistorisches Institut, Berlin N."This form was based upon a series of 20 cotypes (ten adult males, nineadult females, and one immature male). Hargitt (Catalogue of the Birdsin the British Museum 18: 50, 1890) asserts that a male and a female inLondon are the types, but the birds here listed have, of course, an exactlyequivalent claim to typeship.Picus canus jessoensis StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 106, September 25, 1886.91538. Adult male. Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, Japan. October 14,1882. Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original number 3125.Received from Pierre L. Jouy, in whose collection it was No. 987.Picus canus perpallidus StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 107 (footnote), September 25, 1886.
=Picus canus jessoensis Stejneger. See Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogelder palarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsband, p. 363, 1935.
214 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETEST 221108897. Adult male. Sidemi (not Sidinij), Ussuriland, southeasternSiberia. November 25, 1884. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Re-ceived from Leonhard H. Stejneger.Gecinus canus griseoviridis ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32 : 473, June 15, 1907.
=Picus canus jessoensis Stejneger. See Austin, BuU. Mus. Comp. Zool.101:158, 159, 1948.114120. Adult male. Seoul, Kyonggi Province, Korea. September 18,1883. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1188.Chrysophlegma flavinucha lyiei Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (1) : 110, January 22, 1918.=Picus flavinucha lylei (Boden Kloss). See Deignan, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 186: 236, 238, 1945.278344. Adult male. Ko Lak=Prachuap Khiri Khan (lat. 11?50' N.,long. 99?50' E.) , Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Siam. November 15,1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Cirropicus chlorolophus conjunclus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 53, May 3, 1935.=Picus chlorolophus annamensis R. Meinertzhagen. See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 6: 141, 1948.333744. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?15' E.),Chanthaburi Province, southeastern Siam. October 28, 1933. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 6561.Callolophus mineatus perlutus Boden KlossIbis (10) 6(1): 110, January 22, 1918.=Picus mineaceus perlutus (Boden Kloss). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 142, 1948.278351. Adult male. Ko Lak=Prachuap Khiri Khan (lat. 11?50' N.,long. 99?50' E.), Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Siam. November15, 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Genus DINOPIUM RafinesqueDinopium shorii anguste [sic] RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 102, May 25, 1950.:=Dinopium shorii angustum Ripley, fide Deignan (MS.)
.
377546. Adult male. Six miles N. of Myitkyina, Myitkyina District,Sagaing Division, Burma. March 12, 1945. Collected by Kenneth E.Stager. Original number B-28. United States of America TyphusCommission.Dinopium raveni RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washmgton 40: 139, December 2, 1927.^=Dinopium javanense raveni Riley. See Chasen, Handlist of MalaysianBirds, p. 149, 1935.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 215182316. Adult male. Pulau Eiaban=Pulau Ulaban, an islet just off theeastern coast of Borneo (at lat. 1?24' N., long. 118^34' E.). June 13,1913. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 830.Genus GECIWULUS BlythGecinulus grantia poilanei DeignanZoologica, New York 35 (2) : 127, August 1, 1950.332424. Adult (sex not indicated, but male by plumage). Arboretum ofTrang Bom, Province of Bien Hoa, Cochin-China. July 17, 1932.Collected by A. Poilane. Original number 29.Genus MEIGLYPTES SwainsonMeiglyptes gramniithorax microterus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60(7) : 6, October 26, 1912.
=Meiglyptes tristis micropterus Hesse. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 368, 1944.180854. Adult male. Telok Beluku, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 3, 1905. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Meiglyptes fuscus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 132, "pi. XXXVI, fig.1," 1848.
=Meigl'yptes tukki tukki (Lesson). See Chasen, Handlist of Malaysianbirds, p. 147, 1935.14163. Adult female. Singapore Island, Malaya. Original number 367.U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Meiglyptes tukki azaleus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 46, 1932.174694. Adult male. Bunguran (Great Natuna) Island, northernNatuna Islands, South China Sea. July 16 (not 6), 1900. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Meiglyptes tukki percnerpes OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 301, July 19, 1924.181636. Adult male. Batu Jurong, Ketapang Division, southwesternBorneo. June 22, 1908. Collected by WilUam L. Abbott.Meiglyptes tukki calceuticus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 6, October 26, 1912.179147. Adult female. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 23, 1902. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Meiglyptes tukki hylodromus OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 14 (13) : 301, July 19, 1924.
=Meiglyptes tukki injuscatus Salvador!. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 368, 1944.800938?61 15
216 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221180846. Adult male. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean ofif Sumatra. March 10, 1905. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott. Genus MULLERIPICUS BonaparteMuUeripicus pulverulenlus mohun RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63 : 103, May 25, 1950.408175. Adult male. Jamu Ghat, Bheri River, western Nepal. Decem-ber 24, 1948. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 306.National Geographic Society-Yale University-Smithsonian InstitutionExpedition to Nepal.Miilleripicus pulverulenlus celadinus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 68 (23) ; 146, October 31, 1955.153742. Adult male. Ban Phra Muang [lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?30' E.],Trang Province, Thailand. April 14, 1896. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus DRYOCOPUS BoieDryocopus iiiartius silvifragus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 162, September 21, 1915.
=:Dryocopus martins martius (Linnaeus). See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlistof the Japanese birds, rev., p. 84, 1932.120551. Adult male. Hakodate, Hokkaido Island, Japan. December 2,1884. Collected by Harry V. Henson. Original number 216.Thriponax parvus RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 189, August 6, 1902.
^s=Dryocopus javensis parvus (Richmond) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 369, 1944.179160. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 3, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Thriponax javensis biittikoferi RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 104, June 15, 1912.=Dryocopus javensis biittikoferi (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 369-370, 1944.179685. Adult male. Siaba Bay, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 18, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott and Cecil Boden Kloss.PhlcEotomus pileatus floridanus RidgvvayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 33, February 24, 1911.=Dryocopus pileatus floridanus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 154, 1948.152136. Adult male. Prevatt's Camp (24 miles southwest of Kissimmee),Polk County, Florida. March 23, 1896. Collected by Robert Ridgway.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 217Genus MELANERPES SwainsonMelanerpes formicivorus bairdi RidgwayU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 21: 6, 34, 85 (not later than April 4), 1881.5495. Adult male. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. May 1856.Collected by Emanuel Samuels. Original number 756.This name was belatedly given to "the Californian form" of M. formicivorus,described in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of N.A. Birds 2: 561, 566,1874. Since no individual specimens were there mentioned, it follows thatall Californian examples of either sex in the collection in 1874 should haveequivalent status as cotypes.In 1910 (A.O.U., Checklist of North American birds, ed. 3, p. 193), thetype locality was restricted to Petaluma, California. From the point of viewadopted for this study, all specimens of the original series from Petalumawould continue to be cotypes. There were three of these, of which but oneis now in the collection. No. 5496, a female, cannot be traced, while No.5497, a male, was sent to Verreaux in 1858 and thus needs no furtherconsideration.Melanerpes formicivorus, var. angwstifrons Bairdin Cooper, Geol. Surv. California, Orn. 1 : 405 (not earlier than October)1870.
=Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons Baird. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 159, 1948.25947. Adult male. Rancho San Nicolas (a little north of lat. 23? N.),near San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico. October1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 3093.25948. Adult female. Rancho San Nicolas (a little north of lat. 23? N.),near San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico. October 1859.Collected by John Xantus. Original number 3101.25949. Adult female. Miraflores (at about lat. 23?24' N.), State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. November 25, 1859. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 3412.25950. Adult male. Miraflores (at about lat. 23?24' N.), State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. November 25, 1859. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 3411.For his description, Baird had a series of at least eight specimens, ofwhich four, Nos. 25968-25971, are entered into the museum register (inCassin's hand) simply as from Cape San Lucas. These four were taken awayby Cassin (two of them "to be returned"), but none is now in the collection;they are perhaps to be found in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Phila-delphia.Melanerpes formicivorus, var. striatipectus Ridwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds2: 561 (footnote 1), January 1874.
218 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Melanerpes formicivorus striatipectus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 160, 1948.39798. Adult male. Birris ("the locality in the region of a small river ofthe same name which flows through a very deep gorge into the RioReventazon between Paraiso and Juan Viiias," fide Carriker, Ann.Carnegie Mus. 6: 335, 1910), Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. May17, 1865. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 69.Ridgway based this form upon an undisclosed number of specimens from
"Middle America, south of Orizaba and Mirador." At some time after 1910the late Charles W. Richmond inferentially restricted the type locality toBirris, Costa Rica, by labeling as the type No. 39798, and his action was tobe made official by Ridgway himself in his Birds of North and Middle Amer-ica (6: 111, 1914). No. 39798 can be, however, no more than a lectotype,since it can be shown that Ridgway had before him in 1874 not less thaneight specimens from Costa Rica, and of these not less than three from Birris.Indeed, Richmond's choice seems to have been quite capricious, since Ridg-way's diagnosis relied more upon characters of the female than of the male.Accepting Birris as type locality, we must have not fewer than three co-types, of which only one is now in the collection. No. 39800, a male takenon May 15, 1865, was sent on February 28, 1887, to Robert Collett and maystill exist in the museum at Oslo ; No. 39799, a female of the same date, seemsto have disappeared from Washington without trace.Centurus uropygialis BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 120 (not earlier than June 27),1854.
=Melanerpes hypopolius uropygialis (Baird). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 160, 1948.12324. Adult male. "Camp 121"=a point (at about lat. 34? 17' N.) onthe Williams River a few miles below the union of the Big Sandy andSanta Maria Rivers to form the Williams, Yuma or Mohave County,Arizona (not New Mexico). February 13, 1854. Collected by CalebB. R. Kennedy and H. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original number 99.Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 35th Parallel.There were two specimens in the original series; the second. No. 11762(original number 171), cannot now be found. It was collected on February16, 1854, at "Camp 123"; its other data are as for No. 12324.No. 12324 has been discussed in detail by Van Rossem, Condor 44: 22,1942.Centurus uropygialis brewsteri RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 32, February 24, 1911.
=Melanerpes hypopolius brewsteri (Ridgway) . See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 160, 1948.151827. Adult male. Santiago (at about lat. 23?28' N.), State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. November 25 (not 22) , 1887. Collected by Martin
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 219A. Frazar. Received from William Brewster (in whose collection itwas No. 17342)
.
Melanerpes frontalis NelsonAuk 17 (3): 257, July 1900.=Melanerpes aurifrons frontalis Nelson. See Wetraore, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 93: 275, 1943; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 6: 162, 1948.154938. Adult male. San Vicente, State of Chiapas, Mexico. December12, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3279. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Melanerpes clubius veraecrueis NelsonAuk 17 (3): 259, July 1900.
=Melanerpes aurifrons veraecrueis Nelson. See Wetmore, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 93: 275, 1943; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 6: 162,1948.154835. Adult male. Coatzacoalcos=Puerto Mexico, State of Veracruz,Mexico. April 11 {not 15), 1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3679. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Centurus leei RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3 : 22, February 26, 1885.
=Melanerpes aurifrons leei (Ridgway). See Wetmore, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 93: 276, 1943; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 6: 162, 1948.102777. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 28, 1885. Collectedby James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Melanerpes sanctacruzi funiosus NelsonAuk 17 (3): 258, July 1900.
=Melanerpes aurifrons santacruzi (Bonaparte). See Griscom, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 64:228-229, 1932; Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 6: 162,1948.154964. Adult male. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. March 2,1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3617. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Centurus santacruzi pauper RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 582, August 6, 1888.
=Melanerpes aurifrons pauper (Ridgway). See Wetmore, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 93: 277, 1943; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 6: 163,1948.112578. Adult male. Trujillo, Department of Colon, Honduras. Sep-tember 30, 1887. Collected bj Charles H. Townsend.
220 TT.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Centurus chrysogeiiys flavinuchus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 32, February 24, 1911.
=Melanerpes chrysogenys flavinuchus (Ridgway). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 6 : 163, 1948.154935. Adult male. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico. January 13,1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2480. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Centurus nyeanus RidgwayAuk 3 (3): 336, July 1886.
=Melanerpes superciliaris nyeanus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 163, 1948.107996. Adult male. Watlings Island, Bahama Islands. March 5, 1886.Collected by Willard Nye. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Centurus blakei RidgwayAuk 3 (3): 337, July 1886.
=Melanerpes superciliaris blakei (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 164, 1948.108618. Adult male. Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. April 2, 1886.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission.108619. Adult female. Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. April 6, 1886.Collected by Willard Nye. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Centurus rubriventris pygmseus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 576, October 26, 1885.
=Melanerpes pygmaeus pygmaeus (Ridgway), fide Deignan (ms.).102791. Adult male. Cozurael Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 28, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Centurus rubricapillus subfusculus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 50, July 8, 1957.
=Melanerpes rubricapillus subfusculus (Wetmore), fide Deignan (ms.).460784. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean oS the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. January 18, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wet-more. Original number 20311.[Melanerpes subelegans] neglectus RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18 : 667, August 12, 1896.
=Melanerpes rubricapillus rubricapillus (Cabanis). See Chapman,Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 36: 351, 1917; Wetmore, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 87: 213, 1939; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 6: 165, 1948.147081. Adult female. "Bogota," Colombia. Entered into the museumregister on June 1, 1867. Received from Allen A. Burton.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 221Genus SPHYRAPICUS BaiidSphyrapicus varius appalachiensis GanierMigrant 25(3) : 40, pL, October 22, 1954.457395. Adult male. Stratton Gap (at elev. 4350 feet), Unicoi Moun-tains, Monroe County, Tennessee. June 21, 1946. Collected by Al-bert F. Ganier. Received from Albert F. Ganier, in whose privatecollection it was No. 1426.Picus williamsoni NewberryRep. Expl. Surv. R.R. Pac. 6 (4) : 89, pi. 34 (upper fig.), 1857.
=Sphyrapicus thyroideus thyroideus (Cassin). See Ridgway, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 6:286,289, 1914; A.O.U., Checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 4, p. 193, 1931.9344. Adult male. "In the pine forest bordering upper Klamath lake onthe east," Klamath County, Oregon. August 23, 1855. Collected byJohn S. Newberry. Pacific Railroad Survey, The Sacramento Valleyto the Columbia River.Newberry gave no verbal description of his bird, but the colored figureserves to validate the name. The first proper diagnosis was given by Baird(Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 105, 1858) ; if it should ever be shownthat Newberry's plate 34 was antedated by Baird's description, the namemust of course be accredited to Baird.Genus VENILIORNIS BonaparteVeniliornis kirkii darienensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24 (9) : 33, February 24, 1911.
=Veniliornis kirkii cecilii (Malherbe) . See Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 78:331, 1935.150795. Adult male. On the banks of the Rio Pirri, El Real de SantaMaria, Province of Darien, Panama. September 3, 1889. Collectedby H. T. Heyde and Ernesto Lux. Original number 189.Genus DENDROCOPOS KochDendrocopos purus StejnegerAuk 1 (1): 35, January 1884.=Dendrocopos major kamtschaticus (Dybowski) . See Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 2:907, 1912; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 6: 184,1948.92701. Adult male. Ladiginsk, Bering Island, Commander Islands, Ber-ing Sea between Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands. May 9, 1883.Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 2024.92702. Adult male. Saranna, Bering Island, Commander Islands, BeringSea between Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands. May 8, 1883. Col-lected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 2019.
222 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22192703. Adult female. Severnij, Bering Island, Commander Islands, BeringSea between Kamchatka and the Aleutian Islands. October 26, 1882.Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger, Original number 1700.Although Dybowski's name ostensibly appeared in 1883, it is by no meanscertain that Stejneger's purus, published during January 1884, had not infact appeared earlier. The first outside reference to kamtschaticus I havefound is Menzbier's in the Ibis for July 1884 (where it is spelled kamtschat-kensis) . Since, however, it is perhaps not possible to ascertain which namehas true priority, it seems advisable to follow Hartert in accepting the dateof kamtschaticus at face value.Dryobates leucotos ussurianus ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 473, June 15, 1907.D[endrodromas]. leuconotus clarki ButurlinAnn. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci.-Petersbourg 13: 234 (not earlier thanMarch 5), 1908.=Dendrocopos leucotos ussuriensis (Buturlin). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 190, 1948.108896. Adult female. Sidemi, Ussuriland, southeastern Siberia. De-cember 19, 1883. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Received from Leon-hard H. Stejneger.D[endrodromas]. leuconotus clarki Buturlin is a wholly unnecessary re-naming of Dryobates leucotos ussurianus Clark, with the same type specimen.Buturlin had the erroneous impression that Clark's name was invalidated byhis own Dendrocopus leuconotus ussuriensis, 1907.Dryobates leucotos coreeiisis ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 472, June 15, 1907.=Dendrocopos leucotos sinicus (Buturlin) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 6 : 190, 191, 1948.114112. Adult male. Fusan, South Kyongsang Province, Korea. October3, 1885. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy, Original number 1556.Dryobates subcirris StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 113, September 25, 1886.=Dendrocopos leucotos subcirris (Stejneger). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 191, 1948.96000. Adult male. Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, Japan. November? (not11), 1831. Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original number 2768.Dryobates namiyei StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 116, pi. 2, September 25, 1886.=Dendrocopos leucotos namiyei (Stejneger). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 191, 1948.370446. Adult male. "Yamato"=Nara Prefecture, Honsiu Island, Japan.September 1876. Collected by Henry J. S. Pryer. Received from theTokyo Educational Museum, where it was No. 178.A MS. note by Richmond reads "Plate was publ. July 8, 1885!" I have sofar been quite unable to discover the source of Richmond's information.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 223
which was presumably well founded. If the name appeared on tlie originaledition of the plate, and it was distributed, as is implied by Richmond's re-mark, the name must of course date from July 8, 1885, rather than fromtlae date of publication of the verbal description.This specimen owes its continued existence to a curious mischance. It waslent to Stejneger in 1885 (obviously prior to July 8), and had affixed a redtype label, on which Stejneger had crossed out the words "United StatesNational Museum" and "Smithsonian Institution," but had written "TokioEd. Mus. 178." Through oversight, the bird was never returned, and wasonly entered into our register on January 12, 1942, when it was turned upamong our own type specimens.Dendrocopos iniiuaculatus StejnegerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 98, April 10, 1884.
=Dendrocopos minor immaculatus Stejneger. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 197, 1948.92700. Adult male. Pelropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District, Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. October 9, 1883. Collected by Leonhard H.Stejneger. Original number 2757.Yungipicus kizuki wilder! KurodaChina Journ. Sci. Arts 5: 261, November 1926.
=Dendrocopos kizuki wilderi (Kuroda). See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 6: 200, 1948.349829. Adult male. Eastern Tombs, about 75 miles NE. of Peiping,Hopei Province, China. February 5, 1925. Collected by George D.Wilder. Original number 1127.Yungipicus moluccensis tantulus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 140, December 2, 1927.
=Dendrocopos moluccensis moluccensis (Gmelin) . See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 203, 1948.181846. Adult male. Tenggarong, on the Mahakam (Kutai) River (atabout lat. 0?24' S., long. 116?58' E.), Borneo. June 21, 1912. Col-lected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 58.Yungipicus siasiensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 438, May 22, 1909.
=Dendrocopos maculatus siasiensis (Mearns). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 204, 1948.210765. Adult male. Siasi Island, Sulu Province, Philippine Islands.October 12, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number14401.Picus martini AudubonBirds of America [folio] 4: pi. 417, fig. 1, 2, 1838.Picus rubricapillus NuttallManual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, landbirds,ed.2,p.685, IS'lO.
224 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Dendrocopos villosus villosus (Linnaeus). See Ridgway, Birds ofNorth and Middle America 6: 204, 205, 1914; Peters, CheckHst of birdsof the world 6: 206, 1948.2798. Immature male. "Neighbourhood of Toronto," Province of Ontario,Canada {fide Audubon, Ornithological biography 5: 181, 1839). Re-ceived from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.2799. Immature female. "Neighbourhood of Toronto," Province ofOntario, Canada {fide Audubon, Ornithological biography 5: 181,1839). Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J.Audubon.Picus rubricapillus Nuttall is a mere renaming of Picus martini Audubon,with the same type specimens.Picus phillipsi AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4: pi. 417, fig. 5, 6, 1838.
=Dendrocopos villosus villosus (Linnaeus) . See Ridgway, Birds of Northand Middle America 6: 204, 206, 1914; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 6: 206, 1948.2800. Immature male. Massachusetts="vicinity of Cambridge, Massa-chusetts" {fide Nuttall, Manual of the ornithology of the United Statesand of Canada, land birds, ed. 2, p. 686, 1840). Collected by ThomasNuttall. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from JohnJ. Audubon.Dryobates picoideus OsgoodNorth American Fauna 21 : 19, 44, September 26, 1901.
=Dendrocopos villosus picoideus (Osgood). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6 : 207, 1948.166816. Adult female. Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Char-lotte Islands, Province of British Columbia, Canada. June 15, 1900.Collected by WUfred H. Osgood and Edmund Heller. Original num-ber 386. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates villosus orius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 40:597 (in key), 609, June 3, 1911.
=Dendrocopos villosus orius (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6 : 208, 1948.161978. Adult male. Quincy, Plirmas County, California. February 10,1892. Collected by Edward Garner. Original number 125a.Dryobates villosus leucothorectis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 40:597 (in key), 603, June 3, 191L
=Dendrocopos villosus leucothorectis (Oberholser). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 6: 208, 1948.196291. Adult male. Burley, Socorro County, New Mexico. September19, 1905. Collected by Ned Hollister. Original number 973. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
T'i'PE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 225Dryobales villosus icastus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 40: 597 (in key), 612, June 3, 1911.
=:Dendrocopos villosus icastus (Oberholser) . See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21: 137, 1945.163914. Adult male. El Salto, State of Durango, Mexico. July 21,1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 5704. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Dryobales villosus intermedius NelsonAuk 17 (3): 259, July 1900.=Dendrocopos villosus intermedius (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 209, 1948.154901. Adult male. Villar, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Sep-tember 22, 1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number367. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates villosus enissonienus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 40: 597 (in key) , 614, June 3, 1911.
=Dendrocopos villosus jardinii (Malherbe). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 209, 1948.185785. Adult male. Omilteme, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 25, 1903.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 10036. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates villosus hylobatus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 40:597 (in key), 617, June 3, 1911.
=Dendrocopos villosus jardinii (Malherbe). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 209, 1948.154895. Aduh female. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico. January 1,1893. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 661. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobales sanclorum NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 50, January 1897.=Dendrocopos villosus sanctorum (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6 : 209, 1948.154889. Adult male. Todos Santos, Department of Huehuetenango,Guatemala. December 30, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3321. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates pubescens nelsoni OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 549, June 24, 1896.
=Dendrocopos pubescens nelsoni (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 210, 1948.75654. Adult male. Nulato, Nulato District (on the Yukon River eastof Norton Sound), Alaska. January 1878. Collected by Edward W.Nelson. Original number 570.
226 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dryobates borealis hylonomus WetmoreProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 90: 498, October 31, 1941.=Dendrocopos borealis hylonomus (Wetmore) . See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 211, 1948.152081. Adult male. Seven miles southwest of Kissimmee, OsceolaCoimty, Florida. March 19, 1896. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Picus Nuttalii [51c] GambelProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 259 (not earlier than April 25),1843.
=Dendrocopos nuttallii (Gambel) . See Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 6: 211, 1948.3337. Subadult male. "In a willow thicket near the Pueblo de losAngelos [5ic] "="about in the center of the present city of LosAngeles" (see Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38:283, 1932),Los Angeles County, California. December 10, 1841. Collected byWilliam Gambel. Received as part of the collection of Spencer F.Baird, who acquired it from Thomas B. Wilson.Dryobates scalaris eactophilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41: 140 (in key), 152, June 30, 1911.
=Dendrocopos scalaris eactophilus (Oberholser). See Van Rossem,Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21 : 138, 1945.119415. Adult male. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. November 30,1890. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original nmnber 1082.Dryobates scalaris ereniicus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41: 141 (in key), 151, June 30, 1911.=Dendrocopos scalaris eremicus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 212, 1948.196255. Adult male. San Fernando Mission (in the interior on thewestern slope at lat. 30? N.), State of Baja California, Mexico. Sep-tember 4, 1905. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 11651. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Picus lucasauus XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11: 298 (not earlier than November29, 1859.
==Dendrocopos scalaris lucasanus (Xantus). See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21 : 140, 1945.12938. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 460.12939. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 249.12941. Adult female. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California,Mexico. April 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 65.A fourth cotype, a female, No. 12940, was sent in December 1885 toFrancisco Ferrari-Perez.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 227[P(icus). scalaris] var. graysoni Bairdin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 2: 501(in key), 517, January 1874.=Dendrocopos scalaris graysoni (Baird). See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 41: 148, 1911; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 6: 212,1948.37351. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean ofi theState of Nayarit, Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number 81.58224. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on July12, 1869. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 79.No. 37351 bears a red type label, on which the name has been inscribed byRidgway's hand, but as in the case of D. s. sinaloensis, all adult males of theoriginal series must be considered cotypes.In addition to those listed above, the register indicates that there mayhave been a third. No. 37349; this specimen has vanished without trace,unless, as seems probable from the identity of all data, No. 58224 is the samespecimen reentered five years later.D[ryobates]. scalaris sinaloensis RidgwayManual North American birds, p. 285, September 27, 1887.
=Dendrocopos scalaris sinaloensis (Ridgway). See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21: 139, 1945.23812. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. June 1861.Collected by John Xantus. Original number 27.58225. Adult male. Rio Mazatlan=Rio del Presidio, State of Sinaloa,Mexico. Entered into the museum register on July 12, 1869. Col-lected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 365.No. 58225 now bears a red type label, on which the name has been inscribedby Ridgway's hand; reference to the first description shows, however, thatall adult males of the original series must be considered cotypes.Dryobates scalaris agnus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41 : 140 (in key) , 150, June 30, 1911.
=Dendrocopos scalaris sinaloensis (Ridgway) . See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21: 139 (footnote 28), 1945.164107. Adult male. Rio Mayo, at Camoa (lat. 27? 13' N., long. 109? 18'W.), State of Sonora, Mexico. November 6, 1898. Collected by Ed-ward A. Goldman. Original number 5953. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates scalaris centrophilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41 : 140 (in key) , 157, June 30, 1911.
=Dendrocopos scalaris centrophilus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 212, 1948.155991. Adult male. Ameca, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March 3, 1897.
228 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 3793. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates scalaris azelus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41 : 141 (in key) , 147, June 30, 1911.:=Dendrocopos scalaris azelus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 213, 1948.185060. Adult male. La Salada, State of Michoacan, Mexico. March 19,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 9331. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates scalaris eympleclws OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41 : 140 (in key) , 155, June 30, 1911.
=Dendrocopos scalaris symplectus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 6: 213, 1948.140730. Adult male. Mouth of the Nueces River, Nueces or San PatricioCounty, Texas. November 21, 1891. Collected by William Lloyd.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dryobates scalaris ridgwayi OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41 : 140 (in key) , 143, June 30, 1911.=Dendrocopos scalaris ridgwayi (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 213, 1948.187546. Adult male. Jaltipan, State of Veracruz, Mexico. February 3,1904. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 10402. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Dryobates scalaris percus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 41 : 140 (in key) , 144, June 30, 1911.
==Dendrocopos scalaris percus (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 213, 1948.193906. Adult male. Comitan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. April 15, 1904.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 10692. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.D[ryobales]. arizonse fraterculus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 286, September 27, 1887.
=Dendrocopos arizonae fraterculus (Ridgway). See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21 : 141, 1945.30105. Adult female. Sierra Madre (not Sierra Nevada) =Rio Neshpa,State of Michoacan (not Colima), Mexico. April 1863. Collected byJohn Xantus. Original number 533.Dyctiopicus mixlus malleator WetmoreJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 12 (14) : 326, August 19, 1922.
==Dendrocopos mixtus malleator (Wetmore) . See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 6: 215, 1948.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 229284616. Adult male. Las Palraas, Territory of the Chaco, Argentina.July 23, 1920. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number4549. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus PICOIDES LacepedePicoides albidior StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 11 : 168, January 5, 1889.
=Picoides tridactylus albidior Stejneger. See Hartert, Vogel der pala-arktischen Fauna 2: 932, 1912.110000. Adult male. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District,Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. Entered into the museum register onDecember 20, 1886. Collected by J. E. Hunter.The name Picoides albidior Stejneger first appeared in 1885 (U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 29: 321) as a new name for Picus tridactylus of Kittlitz, notLinnaeus, and for Picoides crissoleucos "Brandt" Taczanowski, not Reichen-bach. Stejneger had at the time never seen a Kamchatkan example of thiswoodpecker ; the types of his new name were therefore the five Kamchatkanmales discussed by Taczanowski and whatever Kamchatkan specimens mayhave been described by Kittlitz (original citation not seen by me).In 1886 Stejneger obtained a specimen of his own, and in 1889 publisheda "brief formal diagnosis" of Picoides albidior based upon this specimen.No. 110000 is thus the holotype of the name Picoides albidior Stejneger,1889, but has no connection with Picoides albidior Stejneger, 1885. Indeed,despite the fact that Stejneger in 1889 referred to his bird as the type. No.110000 is, from my point of view, simply a topotype which served as thebasis for a superfluous description.Although Stejneger, in 1885, gave no description of the Kamchatkan race,he referred distinctly to Taczanowski's paper, where a sufficiently completediagnosis is to be found. The original citation for this form should there-fore read:Picoides albidior Stejneger, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 29: 321 (not earlier thanJuly), 1885. New name for Picoides crissoleucos "Brandt" Taczanowski,1882, not Aplerniis crissoleucus "Brandt" Reichenbach, 1854.[Picoides Americaniis] var. fasciatus Bairdin Cooper, Geol. Surv. California, Orn. 1: 385 (not earlier than Octo-ber) , 1870.
=Picoides tridactylus fasciatus Baird. See A.O.U. Checklist of NorthAmerican Birds, ed. 4, p. 200, 1931.27126 {not 29126). Adult male. Fort Simpson (at the confluence of theLiard River with the Mackenzie), District of Mackenzie, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. September 2, 1861. Collected by Bernard R.Ross. Original number 1204.
230 TJ.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Picoides tridaclylus alasceiisis NelsonAuk 1 (2) : 165, April 1884.
=Picoides tridactylus jasciatus Baird. See Ridgway, Birds of Northand Middle America 6:295,296, 1914; A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 200, 1931.78614. Adult male. Fort Reliance ("farther up the Yukon River, butsouth of Fort Yukon," fide Turner, Contributions to the natural historyof Alaska, p. 166, 1886) , Alaska. November 20, 1878. Collected byL. N. McQuesten for Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1161.78615. Adult male. Fort Reliance, Alaska. November 11, 1878. Col-lected by L. N. McQuesten for Edward W. Nelson. Original number1164.78621. Adult female. Fort Reliance, Alaska. October 15, 1878. Col-lected by (L. N. McQuesten for?) Edward W. Nelson. Original num-ber 1168.This form was originally described as from "Alaska and northern BritishAmerica," but no specimens were definitely mentioned.Since the name given was alascensis, the types must be chosen from theAlaskan section of Nelson's series, and preferably from among specimens inhis own collection. This will immediately remove from consideration thelocality Nulato, given by Ridgway [op. cit., p> 296), since the species wascollected there only by Turner. In any case, the type locality had alreadybeen inferentially restricted to Fort Reliance and a type specimen selectedprior to Bangs's revision of the group (Auk 17: 132, 1900).Nelson, in Birds of Alaska ([Arctic Series of Publications, Signal Serv-ice U.S. Army 3], p. 160, 1887), listed by original numbers six specimensfrom Fort Yukon and Fort Reliance. Presumably, although these sixrepresented but a small proportion of his entire series, the type should havebeen selected from among them. The bird set aside by Richmond (No.78615) is not there listed however; on the other hand, of the six only onecan now be found in the collection (and that an example from Fort Yukon)
.
Accepting Fort Reliance, Alaska (not Mackenzie, as believed by Bangs),as the restricted type locality, I have listed as cotypes all Nelson's birdsfrom that place still in the museum.Picoides dorsalis Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv, R.R. Pac. 9:xxxviii, 97 (in key), 100, 1858.
=Picoides tridactylus dorsalis Baird. See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican Birds, ed. 4, p. 200, 1931.8809. Adult male. Laramie Peak, Albany County, Wyoming. August25, 1857. Collected by Ferdinand V. Hayden. Original number 83.Exploration of the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone.Picus (Aptemiis) arcticiis Swainsonin Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana 2 (The Birds)
:
313, pi. 57, February 1832.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 231
=Picoides arcticus (Swainson). See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican Birds, ed. 4, p. 199, 1931.7973. Adult male. "Hudson's Bay"=On the eastern declivity of theRocky Mountains, near the sources of the Athabaska River (at lat. 57?N.), Province of Alberta, Canada. 1826 or 1827. Collected byThomas Drummond (see Richardson, in Swainson and Richardson op.cit.. Introduction, p. xv) . Original number 84. Received from JohnGould.The female cotype. No. 7974 (original number 84A, but with all otherdata the same as for No. 7973), was sent to Oberlin College on March 21,1888. Dr. Lynds Jones has informed me, in a letter dated March 22, 1942,that this specimen was destroyed long ago.Genus CHRYSOCOLAPTES BlythChrysocolaptes festiviis tanlus RipleySpolia Zeylanica 24 (3) : 214, November 8, 1946.375928. Adult female. Embilipitiya (about lat. 6?21' N., long. 80?5rE.), Southern Province, Ceylon. February 11, 1944. Collected byE. C. Fernando. Original number 105.Genus PHLOEOCEASTES CabanisScapaneus giiatemalensis nelsoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 34, February 24, 1911.
=Phloeoceastes guatemalensis nelsoni (Ridgway). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 6: 228, 1948.185526. Adult male. El Rincon, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 8,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9768. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus CAMPEPHILUS G. R. GrayCampephilus Bairdii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 322 (not earlier than November24) , 1863 or (not later than February 12) , 1864.
=Campephilus principalis bairdii Cassin. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, p. 83, 1945.23570. Adult male. Monte Verde, Province of Oriente, Cuba. Septem-ber 16, 1861. Collected by Charles Wright.23571. Adult female. Same data as No. 23570.In the original description, Cassin referred to specimens in the collectionof the Academy of Natural Sciences, presented by Richard C. Taylor, butonly one (No. 19610) seems now to exist there. It is, of course, a cotype.50093&?61 16
232 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Order PASSERIFORMES: Perching BirdsFamify EURYLAIMIDAE: BroadbillsGenus CALYPTOMENA RafflesCalyptoniena viridis gloriosa DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60 : 121, October 9, 1947.182844. Adult male. Karangan River, central-eastern Borneo about lat.1?19' N., long. 117?42' E. November 9, 1913. Collected by HarryC. Raven. Original number 1114.Genus PSARISOMUS SwainsonPsarisoiuus dalhousiae cyaiiicauda RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 54, May 3, 1935.333786. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?15' E.),Chanthaburi Province, southeastern Siam. November 19 (not 9),1933. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 6704.Psarisomus dalhousiae divinus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 120, October 9, 1947.360744. Adult female. Lang Bian Mountains (about lat. 12?02' N.,long. 108?26' E.), Haut-Donai' Province, southern Annam. Decem-ber 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1155.Genus SERILOPHUS SwainsonSerilophus lunatus aphobus DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (3) : 109, March 13, 1948.330375. Adult female (not male). Khao Laem (a mountain of the SanKamphaeng Range at lat. 14?25' N., long. 101?30' E.), at the south-western corner of the Eastern Plateau, Siam. December 28, 1930.Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 4432.Genus EURYLAIMUS HorsfieldEurylaimus javanicus friedmanni DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 120, October 9, 1947.331966. Adult male. Sathani Hin Lap (lat. 14?40' N., long. 101?10'E.), eastern Siam. December 7, 1931, Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 5205.Eurylaimus ochromalus mecistus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 8, Oct. 26, 1912.179175. Adult female. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 29, 1902. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 233Genus CORYDON LessonCorydon sumatranus ardescens DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 119, October 9, 1947.333792. Adult female. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102? 15' E.),Chanthaburi Province, southeastern Siam. November 20, 1933. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 6715.Corydon sumatranus khmerensis DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 120, October 9, 1947.278370. Adult male. Da Ban (lat. 12?38' N., long. 109?06' E.) , PhanrangProvince, southern Annam. March 23, 1918. Collected by Cecil BodenKloss.Corydon sumatranus morator DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 119, October 9, 1947.324561. Adult female. Ban Sichon (lat. 9?00' N., long. 99?55' E.),peninsular Siam. September 3, 1929. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith.Original number 3282.Corydon sumatranus pallescens DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 119, October 9, 1947.^=Corydon sumatranus sumatranus (Raffles), fide Deignan MS.210611. Adult male. Semangko Pass (elev. 2,500-4,500 feet), Selangor-Pahang Boundary, Malaya. February 23, 1908. Collected by collec-tors for the Selangor State Museum. Received from the Selangor StateMuseum (where it was No. 630/08)
.
Family DENDROCOLAPTIDAE: Wood-hewersGenus DENDROCINCLA G. R. GrayDendrocincla ridgwayi OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 (2) : 449 (in key), 458, June 29,1904.
=Dendrocincla fuUginosa ridgwayi Oberholser. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 14, 1951.64819. Adult male. "Talamanca"= (probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). 1873. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 439.Received from William M. Gabb.Dendrocincla meruloides aphanta OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 (2) : 450 (in key), 460, June 29,1904.
=Dendrocincla fuUginosa meruloides (Lafresnaye) . See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 4: 366, 1925; Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld7:14, 1951.74883. Adult (sex not indicated; not female). Tobago Island, CaribbeanSea. April 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number53.
234 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dendrocincla rufo-olivacea RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10:490 (in key), 493, January 6, 1888.
=Dendrocincla fuliginosa rufo-olivacea Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 15, 1951.112281. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos) , State of Para, Brazil. June 15, 1887. Collected byClarence B. Riker.Dendrocincla enaiincia OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 (2) : 449 (in key), 454, June 29,1904.
=Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina (Lichtenstein). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 15, 1951.177707. Adult (sex not indicated). Bauni (on the Rio Feio), State ofSao Paulo, Brazil. 1901. Collected by Ernesto Garbe. Received fromthe Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, where it was No. 1995.Dendrocincla anabatina typlila OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 (2) : 449 (in key), 452, June 29,1904.167499. Adult male. Puerto Morelos, State of Yucatan, Mexico. March12, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7699. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Dendrocincla castanoptera RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 490 (in key) , 494, January 6, 1888.
=Dendrocincla merula castanoptera Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 17, 1951.112280. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. July 15, 1887. Collectedby Jessie (Mrs. Clarence B.) Riker.Dendrocincla homochroa acedesta OberholserProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 56 (2) : 449 (in key), 462, June 29,1904.62043. Adult (sex not indicated; not male). Volcan de Chiriqui, Depart-ment of Chiriqui, Panama. Entered into the museum register on Novem-ber 10, 1872. Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 3880.Received from Osbert Salvin.Genus DECONYCHURA CherrieDeconychura typica CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 339, September 4, 1891.^Deconychura longicauda typica Cherrie. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 7: 18, 1951.119943. Adult female. Pozo Azul de Pirris (a region of heavy foreston the Rio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean),
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 235Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. September 9 (not 7), 1889. Col-lected by Jose C. Zeledon. Received from the Museo Nacional de CostaRica, where it was No. 3320.Genus SITTASOMUS SwainsonSittasomus sylvioides jalisceusis NelsonAuk 17 (3): 264, July 1900.
=Sittasomus griseicapillus jaliscensis Nelson. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 19, 1951.156012. Adult male. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March 17,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 3889. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Sittasomus aeqiiatorialis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14:508 (in key), 509, October 31, 1891.
=Sittasomus griseicapillus aequatorialis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 20, 1951.5012. Adult (sex not indicated). Guayaquil, Province of Guayas, Ecua-dor. Entered into the museum register on March 26, 1868. Collectedby Alcides Destruge.Genus GLYPHORYNCHUS zu WiedGlyphorhynchus pectoralis Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London 28 (2) : 299, August 1860.
=Glyphorhynchus spirurus pectoralis Sclater and Salvin. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 22, 1951.30770. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctum, Department of Alta VeraPaz, Guatemala. January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 1062. Received from Osbert Salvin.Two other cotypes, with similar data, are in the collection of the BritishMuseum (see Sclater, Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 15: 125,1890). The second specimen there listed is probably the type also ofGlyphorhynchus major Sclater, 1862.Genus XIPHOCOLAPTES LessonXipliocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 153, November 30, 1903.
=Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus omiltemensis Nelson. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 27, 1951.185530. Adult male. Omilterae, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 19,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9900. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
236 tr.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Xiphocolaptes sclaleri RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 6, February 5, 1890.
=Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sclateri Ridgway. See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 7: 27, 1951.37442. Adult (sex not indicated). Mount Orizaba, State of Veracruz,Mexico. Entered into the museum register on April 29, 1865. Col-lected by A. L. Francois Sumichrast. Original number 106.Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11:541, September 20, 1889; Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 12: 8, February 5, 1890.
^=Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus costaricensis Ridgway. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 27, 1951.115041. Adult male. Naranjo de Cartago=Juan Viiias, Province of Car-tago, Costa Rica. August 1886. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Re-ceived from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 2005.X[iphocolaple8]. saturatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 14, February 5, 1890.
=Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ignotus Ridgway. See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 4: 282, 1925.101287. Adult (sex not indicated). "Guayaquil, Ecador," error="theinterior of Ecuador" (fide Jones, in epist. November 11, 1884). En-tered into the museum register on January 5, 1885. Received fromWilliam H. Jones, who acquired it, with other birds, from "Mr. Cart-right Agt. P.S.N. Co. Guayaquil as a gift" {in epist. cit.).Xiphocolaptes argentinus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 5, February 5, 1890.X[iphocoIaptes]. nlhicollis argentinus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 5, February 5, 1890.
=Xiphocolaptes alhicollis albicollis (Vieillot) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 4: 276 (foot note c), 1925.14726. Adult (sex not indicated). "Buenos Aires," Argentina. Not laterthan September 13, 1841. Received from the National Institute, whichacquired it from John K. Townsend.Ridgway's X. a. argentinus is a mere substitute name for X. argentinus.Genus DENDROCOLAPTES HermannDendrocolaptes certhia hyleorus WetmoreAuk 59 (2) : 265, April 10, 1942.369011. Adult male. Caracolicito, Department of Magdalena, Colombia.March 25, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 11021.Dendrocolaptes ohsoletus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 527, August 6, 1888.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 237Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi HellmayrNov. Zool. 12 (2) : 282, September 20, 1905.
=Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi Hellmayr, but see Zimmer, Amer. Mus.Nov. 753:2-4, 1934.112283. Adult male. Diaraantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. July 11, 1887. Collectedby Clarence B, Riker.Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi is a new name for Dendrocolaptes ob-soletus Ridgway, not D. ohsoletus Lichtenstein, 1820, and has the same typespecimen. Hellmayr (Catalogue of Birds of the Americas 4: 259, 1925)synonymized his name with Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor von Pelzeln,but Zimmer {loc. cit.) has shown that specimens from the vicinity of Dia-mantina are in fact D. c. concolor X medius. Thus, while the intergradientpopulation is perhaps unworthy of a special designation, yet for convenienceit may be known by Hellmayr's name.Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 73, April 17, 1909.
=Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7 : 34, 1951.210393. Adult male. Laguaria ("a point high up in the Dota Moun-tains . . . south of Santa Maria [de Dota] and El Copey, and probablynearly 10,000 feet above the sea," fide Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.6: 345, 1910), Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. June 4, 1908. Col-lected by Francisco Basulto. [U.S. National] Museum-Zeledon Expedi-tion (1908).Carriker {loc. cit.) gives the type locality as "Lagunaria," but all ofBasulto's original labels distinctly spell the word as I have done above.Genus XIPHORHYNCHUS SwainsonDendroplex picus dugandi Wetraore and PhelpsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 64, March 11, 1946.
=Xiphorhynchus picus dugandi (Wetraore and Phelps). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 37, 1951.373327. Adult male. Puerto Sagoc, La Gloria, Department of Magda-lena, Colombia. May 24, 1943. Collected by Melbourne A. Car-riker, Jr. Original number 3981.Dendroplex picus choica Wetmore and PhelpsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 63, March 11, 1946.=Xiphorhynchus picus choica (Wetmore and Phelps). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 37, 1951.
. Adult male. Borburata, Puerto Cabello, State of Carabobo,Venezuela. May 6, 1945. Collected by William H. Phelps, Jr. De-posited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it isNo. 29106.
238 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dendroplex longirostris Richmondin Robinson Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 18: 674, August 12, 1896.
=Xiphorhync/ius picus longirostris (Richmond). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 37, 1951.151701. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 1, 1895. Collected by Wirt RobinsonOriginal number 374.Dendroplex piciroslris phalara WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 98 (4) : 4, March 10, 1939.=Xiphorhynchus picus phalara (Wetmore). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 37, 1951.351915. Subadult? male. El Sombrero, State of Guarico, Venezuela.November 14, 1937. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Originalnumber 9962.D[endrocolapte8]. Chunchotanibo von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 295, 1844.
==Xiphorhynchus ocellatus chunchotanibo (von Tschudi) . See Zimmer,Amer. Mus. Nov. 756: 17, 1934.41918. Adult (sex not indicated). "Gebiete des Stammes der Chunchos"
=:Chanchamayo Valley, Department of Junin, Peru. Collected byJohann J. von Tschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This form was described from an unstated number of specimens. Hell-mayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 4: 312, 1925) claims to haveexamined the type in Neuchatel, but the Washington example is an equiva-lent cotype.Dendrornis fraterculus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 526, August 6, 1888.=Xiphorhynchus spixii spixii (Lesson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 4: 314, 1925.120928. Adult male. Diamantina ("Forest 20 miles back from River"),near Santarem and east of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos, State ofPara, Brazil. June 10, 1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker.Dendrornis lawrencei coslaricensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 510, August 6, 1888.=Xiphorhynchus guttatus coslaricensis (Ridgway). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 7: 42, 1951.41404. Adult male. Tucurrique, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.March 15, 1865. Collected by Julian (not Francisco) Carraiol.Original number 52.Dendrornis lawrencei RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 509, August 6, 1888.=Xiphorhynchus guttatus nanus (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 4: 299, 1925.53809. Adult male. Panama. 1862. Collected by James McLeannan.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 239Dendrornis mentalis "Baird, MS." LawrenceAnn Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8:481 (not earlier than May 13),1867.
=Xiphorhynchus flavigaster mentalis (Lawrence). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 7 : 44, 1951.23859. Adult (sex not indicated) . Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on January 23, 1862. Collected byJohn Xantus.Dendrornis flavigaster megarhynchus NelsonAuk 17(3): 265, July 1900.
=Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster Swainson. See Van Rossem,Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 15, 1939.154633. Adult male. Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. March 9,1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2546. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Xiphorhynchus flavigaster saltuarius WetmoreAuk 59(2) : 266, April 10, 1942.135161. Adult male. Altamira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Novem-ber 19, 1894. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong. Received fromWalter F. Webb.Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucalanensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 73, April 17, 1909.106292. Adult male. Temax, State of Yucatan, Mexico. December1884. Collected by George F. Gaumer. Original number 96.Dendrornis siriatigidaris RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 317, May 12, 1900.
=Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (Richmond). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 45, 1951.135157. Adult female. Altamira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. No-vember 18, 1894. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong. Received fromWalter F. Webb.Dendrornis punciigula "Ridgw. MS." SclaterIbis (6) 1 (3) : 352 (footnote), July 1889.Dendrornis punctigula RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11 : 544, September 20, 1889.
=Xiphorkynchus erythropygius punctigula (Sclater). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7 : 46, 1951.115040. Adult male. Naranjo de Cartago=Juan Vifias, Province ofCartago, Costa Rica. August 1886. Collected by Juan J. Cooper.Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No.2011.By an accident of publication, Ridgway's name must be accredited toSclater, who had before him the former's intended type specimen, sent to
240 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221London for examination. It is necessary, however, to turn to Ridgway'sown formal description to find the data for the type.Xiphorhynchus punctigula insolitus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22 : 73, April 17, 1909.
=Xiphorhynchus erythropygius insolitus Ridgway. See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 7 : 46, 1951.150927. Adult female? Cascajal, Department of Code, Panama. Feb-ruary 13, 1889. Collected by H. T. Heyde and Ernesto Lux. Originalnumber 280.Xiphorhynchus triangularis hylodromus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 98 (4) : 2, March 10, 1939.351930. Adult male. "In the Cordillera de la Costa at 4,500 feet elevationabove Rancho Grande," State of Aragua, Venezuela. November 8,1937. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number 9881.Genus LEPIDOCOLAPTES ReichenbachPicolaptes compressus insignis NelsonAuk 14(1) : 54, January 1897.
^=Lepidocolaptes souleyetii insignis (Nelson). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 48, 1951.154647. Adult male. Otatitlan, State of Veracruz, Mexico. April 15,1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 1938. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Picolaptes gracilis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 542, September 20, 1889.
=Lepidocolaptes souleyetii compressus (Cabanis). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 4: 331, 332, 1925.115039. Adult female. Monte Redondo, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica.July 25, 1887. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro. Received from theMuseo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 2017.Picolaptes aOinis neglectus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 73, April 17, 1909.
=Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 51, 1951.199582. Adult male. "Coliblanco" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.6:338, 1910), Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. May 6, 1905. Col-lected by Robert Ridgway.Picolaptes tenuirostris apothetus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 188, December 12, 1901.
=Lepidocolaptes juscus fuscus (Vieillot). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 4: 332, 333, 1925.173385. Adult male. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarica), Paraguay. June 16, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.
, Original number 44.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 241Genus CAMPYLORHAMPHUS BertoniCampylorhaniphus trochilirostris major RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 6: 269 (footnote d), November 29,1911.32819. Adult male. Brazil. Entered into the museum register in March1864. Received from the Maison Verreaux.Family FURNARIIDAE: OvenbirdsGenus GEOSITTA SwainsonGeositta longipennis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 133 (footnote), February 5, 1890.
=Geositta antarctica Landbeck. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 4 : 7, 8, 1925.116173. Adult male [not female). Elizabeth Island (not Point), in theStraits of Magellan north by east of Magallanes, Territory of Magal-lanes, Chile. January 20, 1888. Collected by naturalists of the U.S.Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Geositta breviroslris W. E. D. ScottBull. Brit. Orn. Club 10: 63, April 30, 1900.
=Geositta antarctica Landbeck. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 4: 7, 8, 1925.335168. Adult female. Near Monte Tigre (just north of Puerto Gallegos),Territory of Santa Cruz, Argentina. August 14, 1896. Collected by0. A. Petersen. Original number 115. Received from the PrincetonMuseum of Zoology (where it was No. 7769)
.
Genus UPUCERTHIA Geoffrey Saint-HilaireUpucerthia propinqua RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 134, February 5, 1890.
=Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 4: 41, 42, 1925.116224. Immature (not adult) female. Gregory Bay (at about lat. 52?38'S., long. 70?12' W.) , Territory of Magallanes, Chile. January 18, 1888.Collected by naturalists of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus EREMOBIUS GouldHenicornis wallisi W. E. D. ScottBull. Brit. Orn. Club 10: 63, April 30, 1900.
=Eremobius phoenicurus Gould. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 4: 51, 52, 1925; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world7:64,1951.
242 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221335169. Adult female. "Arroyo Eke," Territory of Santa Cruz, Argen-tina. May 24, 1898. Collected by Albert E. Colburn. Original num-ber 362. Received from the Princeton Museum of Zoology, where itwas No. 7939.The barbarous word "Eke" (on the original label) or "Aike" (on the mapaccompanying the official reports of the Expedition) seems to mean a camp-site. The locality "Arroyo Eke" is nowhere mentioned in the reports, butthe whole of the period from May 3 to June 29, 1898, was spent by Hatcherand Colburn at "a number of springs near a fine meadow, which ... laya short distance to the west of Swan Lake" (see Hatcher, Princeton Univer-sity Expeditions to Patagonia 1 [Narrative and Geography] : 188-190,1903). Swan Lake is a small body of water fed by Spring Creek, a streamflowing eastward from the eastern base of Mount Belgrano. The provenienceof the type specimen thus seems to be along Spring Creek, just west of itsdebouchment into Swan Lake.Genus LEPTASTHENURA ReichenbachLeptastheuura niontivagans RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 219, October 17, 1905.
=Leptasthenura andicola certhia (von Madarasz). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 4: 66, 1925.190383. Adult male. San Antonio de Caparro (elev. 3,500 meters).State of Tachira, Venezuela. July 20, 1903. Collected by SalomonBriceno Gabaldon and sons.Leptasthenura andicola peruviana ChapmanBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41: 327, September 1, 1919.273001. Adult female. La Raya (elev. 14,000 feet), at the head of theUrubamba River, Department of Puno, Peru. April 12, 1917. Col-lected by Harry Watkins. Original number 899. National GeographicSociety-Watkins Expedition.Leptasthenura xenothorax ChapmanAmer. Mus, Nov. 18: 8, September 22, 1921.273010. Adult male. Above Torontoy (at elev. 14,000 feet). Departmentof Cuzco, Peru. May 14, 1915. Collected by Edmund Heller. Orig-inal number 97. Yale University-National Geographic Society Peru-vian Expedition. Genus SYNALLAXIS VieillotSynallaxis spixi notius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 60, August 30, 1902.
=Synallaxis spixi Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 4: 85, 86, 1925; Peters, Checklist of birds of the world 7: 84,1951.55783. Adult male. Conchitas (a station of the Ferrocarril del Sud, which,on December 28, 1930, was officially renamed Estacion Hudson), near
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 243Quilmes, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. November 1868. Col-lected by William H. Hudson. Original number 107.Synallaxis hypospodia SclaterProc. Zool. See. London, for 1874 (1) : 10, June 1874.90572. Adult (sex not indicated) . Near Bahia=Sao Salvador, State ofBahia, Brazil. Collected by ? Wucherer. Received from OsbertSalvin and Frederick DuC. Godman, of whose private collection itformed a part.Sclater based this form upon an unstated number of cotypes in theSclater and Salvin-Godman Collections, and made definite reference only toWucherer-taken skins from the neighborhood of Bahia. In 1890 (Catalogueof the Birds in the British Museum 15:45), he claimed that a specimenformerly in his own collection, with provenience simply "Brazil" and nameof collector unknown, was the type. If any one specimen is to be consideredthe type, it must obviously be selected from among the three adult skins, a,b, and c, of the Salvin-Godman Collection and our No. 90572, which alonehave the requisite data; all, however, are in fact equivalent cotypes.Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 73, April 17, 1909.150814. Adult (sex not indicated). Nata, Department of Code, Panama.March 31, 1889. Collected by H. T. Heyde and Ernesto Lux. Originalnumber 146.Synallaxis nigrifumosa LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 180 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
=Synallaxis brachyura nigrifumosa Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 4: 91, 1925.40427. Adult (sex not indicated). Greytown=San Juan del Norte, De-partment of Chontales, Nicaragua. 1864^-1865. Collected by H. E.Holland. Original number 48.As a result of faulty pagination, Lawrence's original description appearson p. 181 of the separates!Synallaxis albilora von PelzelnSitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien (Math.-Naturw. Classe) 20: 160 (notearlier than March 13), 1856.
=Synallaxis gujanensis albilora von Pekeln. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 4: 96, 1925.34999. Adult (sex not indicated). Cuiaba, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.October 26, 1827-January 8, 1828. Collected by Johann Natterer.Original number 646. Received from the Naturhistorisches Museum,Vienna.At the first description, von Pelzeln says: "Von Cuyaba in mehrerenExemplaren gesammelt." At least one cotype, formerly part of the SclaterCollection, is now in the British Museum; the others are presumably stillpreserved at Vienna.
244 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus CRANIOLEUCA ReichenbachCranioleuca albicapilla albigula ZimmerPubl Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 12 (4) : 56, April 19, 1924.273175. Adult male. Cedrobama (elev. 12,000 feet), near Machu Picchu,Department of Cuzco, Peru. June 14, 1915. Collected by EdmundHeller. Original number 175. Yale University-National GeographicSociety Peruvian Expedition.Cranioleuca vulpina dissita WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 55, July 8, 1957.460809. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. January 20 (not 21), 1956. Collected by Alex-ander Wetmore. Original number 20353.Genus ASTHENES ReichenbachSiptornis urubambensis ChapmanBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41 (5) : 328, September 1, 1919.
=Asthenes urubambensis urubambensis (Chapman). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 7:110, 1951.273006. Adult male. Above Machu Picchu (at elev. 14,000 feet), De-partment of Cuzco, Peru. June 5, 1915. Collected by Edmund Heller.Original number 151. Yale University-National Geographic SocietyPeruvian Expedition.Genus PHACELLODOMUS ReichenbachPhacellodomus inornatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 152, July 2, 1887.
=Phacellodomus rufifrons inornatus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7 : 111, 1951.89794. Adult male. Caracas, Distrito Federal, Venezuela. August 4,18? (before May-June 1869). Collected by W. B. Gilbert. Originalnumber 43. Received from the Williams College Lyceum of NaturalHistory. Genus XENERPESTES von BerlepschXenerpesles minlosi unibraticus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 117 (2) : 4, September 25, 1951.443152. Adult male. Rio San Juan, at Punto Muchimbo, Department ofValle del Cauca, Colombia. December 24, 1950. Collected by Mel-bourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 19079.Genus MARGARORNIS ReichenbachMargarornis bellulus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 12, September 12, 1912.238070. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 4,500 feet), near the head ofthe Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. May 1, 1912. Col-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 245lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15636. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Margarornis rubiginosa LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 128 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.=Margarornis rubiginosus rubiginosus Lawrence. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 117,1951.33384. Adult (sex not indicated). San Jose, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Entered into the museum register on March 24, 1864. Collectedby Alexander von Frantzius. Original number 78.The immature cotype. No. 33385, has vanished from our collection, andits present whereabouts is unknown.Genus PREMNOPLEX CherriePremnoplex brunnescens mnionophilus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 117 (2) : 6, September 25, 1951.433674 (not 443674). Adult male. South face of Cerro Campana (atelev. 3,000 feet), Department of Panama, Panama. March 19, 1951.Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo. Originalnumber 16437,Genus PSEUDOCOLAPTES ReichenbachPseudocolaptes lawrencii "(Ridgway, MS.)" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 253, January? 1879?
=Pseudocolaptes lawrencii lawrencii Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 119, 1951.75329. Adult male. La Palma de San Jose, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. September 19, 1875. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Receivedfrom Jose C. Zeledon, in whose private collection it was No. 744.75330. Immature male. La Palma de San Jose, Province of San Jose,Costa Rica. September 19, 1875. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Re-ceived from Jose C. Zeledon, in whose private collection it was No. 746.Pseudocolaptes boissoneautii oberholseri CoryAuk 36(2) : 275, April 8, 1919.
=Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii boissonneautii (Lafresnaye). See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 4: 178, 1925.30945. Adult (sex not indicated; not male). "Quito," Ecuador. En-tered into the museum register on December 18, 1863. Received fromCharles R. Buckalew.Genus BERLEPSCIIIA RidgwayPicolaptes rikeri RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 523, February 14, 1887.
=Berlepschia rikeri (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 4: 181, 1925.
246 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEXJM BULLETIN 221109221. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapaj 6s), State of Para, Brazil. August 1, 1884. Collectedby Clarence B. Riker.Genus HYLOCTISTES RidgwayPhilydor virgatus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 468 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.
=Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus (Lawrence). See HeUmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 4: 186, 1925.42959. Adult female. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. July10 (not October 7), 1866. Collected by Julian Carmiol. Originalnumber 20. Genus SYNDACTYLA ReichenbachXenicopsis percnopterus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 61, August 30, 1902.
=Syndactyla rufosuperciliata rufosuperciliata (Lafresnaye). See HeU-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 4: 188, 189, 1925; Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 125, 1951.177706. Adult male. Alto da Serra, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. August12 (not 8), 1899. Collected by J. Luna. Received from the MuseuPaulista, Sao Paulo, where it was No. 387.Anabazenops acritus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14; 187, December 12, 1901.
=Syndactyla rufosuperciliata acrita (Oberholser). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7 : 125, 1951.173384. Adult male. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarrica), Paraguay. June 14, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.Original number 34.Anabazenops lineatus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 127 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.=Syndactyla subalaris lineata (Lawrence) . See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld7: 125,1951.34766. Adult female. Barranca (not Angostura), on the slopes of theVolcan de Poas, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. April 21, 1864.Collected by Julian Carmiol.Genus ANABACERTHIA LafresnayeA[nabate8]. montanus von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 295, 1844.
=Anahacerthia striaticollis montana (von Tschudi). See Peters, Check-list of birds of the world 7: 128, 1951.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 24741923. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru="wooded region of Peru, be-tween 10? and 12? lat. south" (see Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 4: 195-196, 1925). Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi.Received from the Neuchatel Museum.While Hellmayr (op. cit.) claims to have examined the type in the Neucha-tel Museum, the example in question can be only a cotype. Still otliers maybe in existence, although Friedmann and Deignan (Zoologica 27: 51, 1942)erred in attributing to the British Museum Collection the specimen discussedby Sclater (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 86, 1871), who was writing in factof our own No. 41923. Genus PHILYDOR von SpixPhilydor hylobius Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69(1 j : 4, May 21, 1956.
. Adult (sex not indicated) . "Cerro Jime"=Cerro de la Neblina(at elev. 1,800 meters), Territory of Amazonas, Venezuela. January26, 1954. Collected by Ramon Urbano. Deposited by William H.Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it is No. 59683.Automolus rufescens LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 345 (not earlier than June 25), 1866.=Philydor rujus panerythrus Sclater. See Peters, Checklist of birds oftheworld7:131, 195L39065. Adult female. Birris, Province of Cartage, Costa Rica. May 15,1865. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon (not Paledon), for Alexander vonFrantzius. Original number 194.Genus AUTOMOLUS ReicbenbachAutomolus leucophthalnius lamnii ZimmerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 100, August 22, 1947.383292. Adult male. Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. August 12,1945. Collected by Donald W. Lamm.Automolus pectoralis NelsonAuk 14(1) : 54, January 1897.=Automolus rubiginosus guerrerensis Salvin and Godman. See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 4: 216, 1925.154672. Adult male. Pluma, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. March 18, 1895.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2571. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Automolus cervinigularis hypophaeus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 72, April 17, 1909.=Automolus ocIiTolaemus hypophaeus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 138, 1951.500936?61 17
248 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEILM BULLETIN 221209532. Adult male. Rio Reventazon, at Guayabo Station, Province ofCartago, Costa Rica. March 16 (not 19) , 1903. Collected by FranciscoBasulto, for Robert Ridgway and Jose C. Zeledon. Original number337. Museum-Zeledon Expedition.A[nabates]. ochrolaenius von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 295, 1844.=Automolus ochrolaenius ochrolaenius (von Tschudi). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 138, 1951.41915. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru="forest region of Peru, be-tween 10? and 12? S. lat." (see Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 4:219, 1925). Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Re-ceived from the Neuchatel Museum.Hellmayr {op. cit.) claims to have examined the type in the NeuchatelMuseum, and at least one other cotype, originally part of tlie Sclater Col-lection, is now in the British Museum.Genus THRIPADECTES SclaterPhilydor rufobrunneus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 127 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.
=Thripadectes rufobrunneus (Lawrence). See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld7:142, 1951.33389. Adult (sex not indicated). "San Jose," Costa Rica. Enteredinto the museum register on March 24, 1864. Collected by Alexandervon Frantzius. Original number 92.Lawrence (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 106, 1868) made referenceto a specimen of this form taken by Julian Carmiol at Barranca. Theexample in question. No. 34770, bears, in Lawrence's hand, the word "Type,"just as does No. 33389, and von Berlepsch (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11:565,1888) accordingly speaks of No. 34770 as the type. Since, however, at theoriginal description of rufobrunneus von Frantzius alone is mentioned ascollector, it is very doubtful whether Carmiol's bird may be consideredeven a paratype. Genus SCLERURUS SwainsonSclerurus canigularis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11:542, September 20, 1889; Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 12: 24, February 5, 1890.
=Sclerurus albigularis canigularis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 148, 1951.115038. Adult male. Turrialba, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Au-gust 1886. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Received from the MuseoNacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 2014.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 249Sclerurus guatemalensis ennosiphyllus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 117 (2) : 7, September 25, 1951.392775. Adult female. Volador (25 miles west of Simiti), elevation2,600 feet, State of Bolivar, Colombia. May 27, 1947. Collected byMelbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 11123.Genus LOCHMIAS SwainsonLochniias neniatura nelsoni AldrichAuk 62 (1) : 113, January 29, 1945.238033. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elevation 4,500 feet), near thehead of the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. May 1, 1912.Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15635. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Family FORMICARIIDAE: Ant-thrushesGenus CYMBILAIMUS G. R. GrayCymbilanius lineatus fasciatus RidgwayIn Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 404, footnote, April 26, 1884.=Cymbilaimus lineatus fasciatus (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 154, 1951.34774. Adult female. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.June 4, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.53807. Adult female. Panama. 1862? Collected by James McLean-nan.64770. Adult female. Sipurio, "Talamanca," Costa Rica or Panama(contested territory). April 22, 1873. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon.Original number 340. Received from William M. Gabb.91252, Adult female. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan,about 30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Departmentof Chontales, Nicaragua. May 5, 1883. Collected by Charles C.Nutting. Original number 856.The late Chales W. Richmond set aside as the type a male. No. 91251,from "Los Sabalos." A careful reading of Ridgway's unsatisfactory origi-nal description will show that fasciatus was separated only because fourCentral American females seemed to differ from one Cayenne female, andthat the type must therefore be a female. But by the rules adopted forthis study, all of the four northern females seen by Ridgway are consideredcotypes; the one Nicaraguan specimen is in addition an exact topotype as aresult of subsequent restriction of type locality.Genus TARABA LessonThamnophilus Holland! LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 180 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
250 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Taraba major melanocrissus (Sclater). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 3: 51, 52, 1924; Peters, Checklist of birds of theworld 7: 157, 1951.40433. Adult male. Greytown=San Juan del Norte, Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. 1864r-1865. Collected by H. E. Holland.Original number 17.40432. Adult female. Greytown=San Juan del Norte, Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. 1864-1865. Collected by H. E. Holland.Original number 16.As a result of faulty pagination, Lawrence's original description appearson p. 181 of the separates
!
ThamnophUus albicrissus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 481, October 22, 1891.=Taraba major semifasciatus (Cabanis). See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 3 : 48, 49, 1924.85497. Adult male. "Trinidad?" Entered into the museum register onNovember 7, 1881. Purchased from J. M. Southwick and F. T. Jencks,of Providence, R.I.Genus SAKESPHORUS ChubbThamnophilus trinitatis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 481, October 22, 1891.
=Sakesphorus canadensis trinitatis (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 160, 1951.32848. Adult male. Trinidad Island, Caribbean Sea east of the Vene-zuelan State of Sucre. Entered into the museum register in March1864. Received from the Maison Verreaux.Genus THAMNOPHILUS VieillotThamnophilus doliatus yucatanensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 193, October 20, 1908.147405. Adult male. Temax, State of Yucatan, Mexico. 1883. Col-lected by George F. Gaumer. Received from Adolphe Boucard.Thamnophilus intermedius RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 581, August 6, 1888.=Tham.nophilus doliatus intermedius Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7 : 163, 1951.112555. Adult male. Trujillo, Department of Colon, Honduras. Sep-tember 27, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Thamnophilus doliatus pacificus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 193, October 20, 1908.210721. Adult male. Chinandega, Department of Chinandega, Nicaragua.1864. Collected by Fred Hicks. Received from the Williams CollegeLyceum of Natural History, through Albert Hopkins.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 251Thamnophilus doliatus eremnus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 58, July 8, 1957.460815, Adult female. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. January 22, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wet-more. Original number 20389.Thamnophilus inornatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 522, August 6, 1888.=Thamnophilus schistaceus inornatus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 3 : 87, 1924.120949. Adult male. Diamantina ("Deep woods on mountain"), nearSantarem and east of tlie mouth of the Rio Tapajos, State of Para,Brazil. June 30, 1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker. Originalnumber 59.Thamnophilus tephrogaster OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 59, August 30, 1902.=Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescenes Vieillot. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 3: 100, 102, 1924.32846. Adult male. "Bahia," Brazil. Entered into the museum registerin March 1864. Received from the Maison Verreaux.Thamnophilus ochrus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 188, December 12, 1901.
=:Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens Vieillot. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 3 : 100, 102, 1924.173378. Adult female. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarica), Paraguay. June 24, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.Original number 58.Genus THAMNISTES Sclater and SalvinThamnistes anabatinus Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London 28 (2) : 299, August 1860.
=Thamnistes anabatinus anabatinus Sclater and Salvin. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world, 7 : 181, 1951.30794. Adult male. Choctum, Department of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Original number 1142.Received from Osbert Salvin.30793. Adult female. Choctum, Department of Alta Vera Paz, Guate-mala. January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Original number1140. Received from Osbert Salvin.At least three other cotypes are in the collection of the British Museum(see Sclater, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15: 216, 1890).Thamnistes anabatinus saturatus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 193, October 20, 1908.199066. Adult male. Bonilla (elov. 2,600 feet), Province of Limon, CostaRica. April 8, 1905. Collected by Robert Ridgway.
252 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Thamnistes anabatinus coronatus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 9, September 27, 1912.238537. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (elev. 3,500 feet), Departmentof Darien, Panama. June 6, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 15845. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus DYSITHAMNUS CabanisDysithamuus mentalis septenlrionalis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 193, October 20, 1908.30784. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctum, Department of Alta VeraPaz. 1861. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Original number 1149. Re-ceived from Osbert Salvin.Dysithamnus mentalis sulTusus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 10, September 27, 1912.238043. Adult male. Mount Pirri (on the eastern slope at elev. 4,000feet) , near the head of the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama.May 6, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number15676. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dysithaninus mentalis oberi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 193, October 20, 1908.115046 (=74896). Adult male. Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. May1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 253.This specimen was entered into the museum register on September 18,1878, as No. 74896, but by an oversight no indication of the fact was addedto the label; on December 10, 1888, found in the collection without a numberattached, it was reentered as No. 115046.Dysithamnus striaticeps LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 130 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.34792. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June14, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Genus MYRMOTHERULA SclaterFormicivora sehisticolor LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8:172 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
=Myrmotherula sehisticolor sehisticolor (Lawrence) . See Helhnayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 3 : 152, 1924.39079. Adult male. Turrialba, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. May 26,1865. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Hellmayr {loe. cit.) errs in his asseveration that Lawrence's original de-scription applies to a juvenal male.As a result of faulty pagination, Lawrence's diagnosis appears on p. 173of the separates!
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 253Myrmotherula modesta LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9 (1-4) : 108, April 1868.
=Myrmotherula schislicolor schisticolor (Lawrence). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 3 : 152, 1924.41432. Immature male. Grecia, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Oc-tober 9, 1865. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.47486. Immature female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose,Costa Rica. October 3, 1866. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Genus DICHROZONA RidgwayDichrozona zononota RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 524, August 6, 1888.
=Dlchrozona cincta zononota Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsoftheworld7:200, 1951.120958. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. July 4 (not 11), 1887.Collected by Clarence B. Riker. Original number 6.Genus MYRMORCIIILUS RidgwayMyrniorchilus strigilatus suspicax WetmoreJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 12 (14) : 327, August 19, 1922.283862. Adult male. The Riacho Pilago, 10 miles NW. of Kilometer 182on the Ferrocarril del Estado, Territory of Formosa, Argentina. Au-gust 11, 1920. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number4712. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus HERPSILOCHMUS CabanisHerpsilochmus rufimarginalus exigiius NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 11, September 27, 1912.238539. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (elev. 3,500 feet). Departmentof Darien, Panama. June 6, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 15844. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus FORMICIVORA SwainsonDrymophila grisea margarilensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 194, October 20, 1908.
=Formicivora grisea intermedia Cabanis. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 3: 187, 188, 1924; Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 7: 207, 1951.151709. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 10, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 489.
254 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Formicivora grisea rufiventris CarrikerAuk 63 (3): 316, July 3, 1936.328964. Adult female. Cerro Yapacana, Territory of Amazonas, Vene-zuela. April 7, 1931. Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R. Blake,and Charles T. Agostini. Original number 5873. National GeographicSociety Brazil-Venezuela Expedition.Genus MYRMOBORUS Cabanis and HeineHeterocnemis(?) hypoleuca RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 523, August 6, 1888.=MyrmohoTus lugubris lugubris (Cabanis). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 3 : 234, 235, 1924.120952. Adult female. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos) , State of Para, Brazil. July 11, 1887. Collected byClarence B. Riker. Original number 67.Genus HYPOCNEMIS SclaterIlypocnemis flavescens SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1864 (3) : 609, February 1865.=Hypocnemis cantator flavescens Sclater. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 7: 223, 1951.207909. Adult male. Marabitanas, on the Rio Negro, State of Amazonas,Brazil. March 16, 1831. Collected by Johann Natterer. Originalnumber 857. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which,probably through Albert K. Fisher, acquired it from the Naturhis-torisches Museum, Vienna (where it was No. 15499).Hypocnemis flavescens is one of a number of birds described in the samepaper, by Sclater, after a visit to Vienna, from which he brought back toLondon for his own collection an example of each of the new forms. Inno case is a definite specimen mentioned as the type, but in each description,excepting only that of H. flavescens (probably by oversight), he states thatexamples are in the Vienna and Sclater Collections. If his descriptions weredrawn up from his own single specimens, these alone would be the types,but it is reasonable to believe that diagnoses were in fact based upon theentire Natterer series from the localities named, in which case the Sclaterskin now in the British Museum and the Marabitanas birds left behind inVienna would be equivalent cotypes of H. flavescens. Our No. 207909 cameto Washington from Vienna long after the date of Sclater's description, andis therefore here considered one of the types.Genus GYMNOCICHLA SclaterGymnocichla nudiceps sancta-martae RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 194, October 20, 1908.
=Gymnocichla nudiceps sanctae-martae Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 228, 1951.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 25528163. Adult male. "Santa Marta," Colombia. Entered into the museumregister in April 1863. Received from George N. Lawrence.Genus MYRMECIZA G. R. GrayMyrmeciza boucardi panamensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 194, October 20, 1908.=Myrmeciza longipes panamensis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 233, 1951.53790. Adult male. "Line of Panama Railway"=Panama Canal Zone.1862. Collected by James McLeannan. Original number 261.Myrmeciza intermedia CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 345, September 4, 1891.=Myrmeciza exsiil exsul Sclater. See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 3 : 262, 263, 1924.64715. Adult male. Sipurio, "Talamanca," Costa Rica or Panama (con-tested territory). April 8, 1873. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Re-ceived from William M. Gabb.Myrmeciza immaculata occidentalis CherrieAuk 8 (2): 191, April 1891.=Myrmeciza exsul occidentalis Cherrie. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 7: 233, 1951.119949. Adult male. Pozo Azul de Pirns (a region of heavy forest onthe Rio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean),Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. January 1887. Collected by JoseC. Zeledon. Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, whereit was No. 1352.119950. Adult female. Pozo Azul de Pirris, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. January 1887. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Received fromthe Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 1351.Myrmelastes cassini RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21 : 194, October 20, 1908.^^Myrmeciza exsul cassini (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe world 7: 233, 1951.21739. Adult male. Turbo (a small village on the eastern shore of theGulf of Uraba at lat. 8?06' N., long. 76?41' W.), Department of Antio-quia, Colombia. 1857 or 1858. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott.Original number 352. U.S. Survey of the Rio Atrato.Myrmeciza stictoptera LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8; 132 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.=Myrmeciza laemoslicta laemosticta Salvin. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 3 : 261, 1924.SA-in. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June8, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.
256 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEXIM BULLETIN 221Myrmeciza disjuncta FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 58: 83, June 30, 1945.328955. Immature male? Cerro Yapacana, Territory of Amazonas,Venezuela. April 10, 1931. Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R.Blake, and Charles T. Agostini. Original number 5952. NationalGeographic Society Brazil-Venezuela Expedition.Myrmeciza zeledoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 74, April 17, 1909.=Myrmeciza immaculata zeledoni Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 236, 1951.209558. Adult male. Guayabo, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.March 7, 1908. Collected by Robert Ridgway and Jose C. Zeledon.Original number 325. Museum-Zeledon Expedition.Myrmeciza berlepschi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 74, April 17, 1909.=Myrmeciza immaculata berlepschi Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 237, 1951.97774. Adult male. Puente de Chimbo, near Bucay, Province of Chim-borazo, Ecuador. November 1882. Collected by Joseph Siemiradski.Original number 264. Received from Hans von Berlepsch.Genus FORMICARIUS BoddaertFormicarius moniliger SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 24: 294, January 26, 1857.
=Formicarius analis moniliger Sclater. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 7: 240, 1951.22367. Adult male. Mexico. Entered into the museum register onOctober 26, 1861. Received from the Maison Verreaux.This specimen bears the conventional green label of the Maison Verreaux,from which all essential data are missing, but on it appears the word
"type." The fact that Sclater referred to both males and females indicatesthat he examined more than one skin, and No. 22367 could easily be oneof the cotypes; its true status, however, must probably remain foreverdoubtful. The only unquestionable cotype is perhaps the male in theBritish Museum {ex Sclater Collection), taken by Salle at Cordoba.Formicarius umbrosus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 670 (in key), 681, November 28, 1893.
=Formicarius analis umbrosus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 7: 240, 1951.68243. Adult male. "Talamanca"= (probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). February-March 1874. Collected by Juan J. Cooper.Original number 47. Received from William M. Gabb.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 257Formicariiis nioniliger panamensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 195, October 20, 1908.=Formicarius analis panamensis Ridgway. See Peters, Checklist of birdsof the world 7: 241, 1951.53779. Adult male. "Panama (Lion Hill Station ?)"=:Panama CanalZone. Entered into the museum register on December 16, 1868.Collected by James McLeannan.Formicarius nigricapillus "Cherrie" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 670 (in key), 675, November 28, 1893.
=Formicarius nigricapillus nigricapillus Ridgway. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7 : 242, 1951.128852. Adult female. Buena Vista, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica.August 16, 1892. Collected by ? Castro and? Fernandez. Receivedfrom the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 8284.Genus CHAMAEZA VigorsCh[aniaeza]. olivacca von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 279, 1844.=Ckamaeza campanisona olivacea von Tschudi. See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7 : 243, 1951.41916. Adult (sex not indicated) . Peru=Montana de Vitoc, Departmentof Junin (see Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 3:293,1924). Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Received from theNeuchatel Museum.This bird is possibly only a cotype, but it may be noted that Hellmayrhas not claimed to have examined any one of von Tschudi's original speci-mens at Neuchatel.Chamaeza fulvescens Salvin and GodmanIbis (4) 6: 79, January 1882.=Chamaeza companisona fulvescens Salvin and Godman. See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 244, 1951.90594. Adult female. Merume Mountains, British Guiana. June 13,1881. Collected by Henry Wliitely, Jr. Received from Osbert Salvinand Frederick DuC. Godman, of whose private collection it once formedpart.This form was based upon six examples, males and females, from theMerume Mountains. Three, and possibly four, of the cotypes are said tobe in the collection of the British Museum (Catalogue of the birds in theBritish Museum 15: 308, 1890).Genus GYMNOPITHYS BonapartePitliys bicolor olivascens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 469, October 26, 1891.=Gymnopithys leucaspis olivascens (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklist ofbirds of the world 7: 247, 1951.
258 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221120197. Adult male. Santa Ana, Department of Cortes, Honduras.November 20, 1890. Collected by Erich Wittkugel. Originalnumber 145.Genus RHEGMATORHINA RidgwayRhegmatorhina gymnops RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 525, August 6, 1888.112285. Adult male. "Diamantina Mt.," near Diamantina (near San-tarera and east of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil.July 15, 1887. Collected by Jessie (Mrs. Clarence B.) Riker.Genus HYLOPHYLAX Ridg>vayHypocneniis lepidonota Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1880 (2) : 160, August 1880.^=Hylophylax poecilonota lepidonota (Sclater and Salvin). See Peters,Checklist of birds of the world 7: 252, 1951.90590. Adult (sex not indicated). Sarayacu (on the Rio Bobonaza),Territory of Napo-Pastaza, Ecuador or Peru (contested territory).Prior to February 1880. Collected by Clarence Buckley. Receivedfrom Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuC. Godman, of whose privatecollection it once formed part.This form was based upon an unstated number of specimens, both maleand female, from the Salvin-Godman and Sclater collections, but only asingle female ("type of the species") reached the collection of the BritishMuseum (Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 15:287, 1890),unless, indeed, adult skin g from "Peru" is Hauxwell's from "Upper Ama-zons" of the original description. In any case, our No. 90590 and thefemale in London, with identical data, are equivalent cotypes.Genus PHLEGOPSIS ReichenbachPhlogopsis bowmani "Riker, M.S." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 524, August 6, 1888.
=Phlegopsis nigro-maculata bowmani (Ridgway). See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 254, 1951.120959. Adult male. "Diamantina Mt.," near Diamantina (near Santaremand east of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos) , State of Para, Brazil, July15, 1887. Collected by Jessie (Mrs. Clarence B.) Riker. Originalnumber 69.112452. Adult (sex not indicated). "Diamantina Mnts.," near Diaman-tina, State of Para, Brazil. July 15, 1887. Collected by Clarence B.Riker.The museum register implies that all of Biker's skins were collected byhimself, but in fact his wife assisted him. The specimens to be accreditedto Mrs. Riker may be recognized by the letter "J" at the lower right-handcomer of the original labels.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 259Genus PHAENOSTICTUS RidgwayPlilegopsis saturata RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 625, August 12, 1896.
=Phaenostictus mcleannani saturatus (Richmond) . See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7 : 255, 1951.128351. Adult male. Woods at the International Planting Company("LP.") Plantation (on the Rio Escondido, 50 miles from Bluefields),Department of Zelaya, Nicaragua. August 31, 1892. Collected byCharles W. Richmond. Original number 4267.Genus PITTASOMA CassinPittasoma miclileri zeledoni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 414, April 26, 1884.91841. Adult (sex not indicated). "Rio Sucio," Province of Limon?,Costa Rica. 1881. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Received from JoseC. Zeledon.Pittasoma Michleri CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1860: 189 (not earlier thanMay 29), 1860.
=Pittasoma michleri michleri Cassin. See Peters, Checklist of birds ofthe World 7: 256, 1951.21750. Adult male. "On the river Truando . . . above its junction withthe Atrato, but before reaching the Cordilleras," Intendency of Choco,Colombia. January 22, 1858. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott (notWilliam S. Wood, Jr. and Charles J. Wood). Original number 109.U.S. Survey of the Rio Atrato.Genus GRALLARICULA SclaterGrallaricula Costaricensis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 346 (not earlier than June 25), 1866.
=Grallaricula flavirostris costaricensis Lawrence. See Peters, Checklistof birds of the world 7: 257, 1951.41433. Adult male. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of thesame name to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopesof the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet,probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. October 4 (not April 10), 1865.Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Grallaricula flavirostris brevis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 12, September 27, 1912.238069. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 4,500 feet), near the head ofthe Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. May 1, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15630. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
260 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus GRALLARIA VieillotGrallaria gigantea lehnianni WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 58: 19, March 21, 1945.376732. Adult (sex not indicated). San Marcos (elev. 3,000 meters),near Moscopan (on the eastern side of the Cordillera Central), De-partment of Cauca, Colombia. November 7, 1941. Collected by F.Carlos Lehmann V. Received from the Museo de Historia Natural,Universidad del Cauca, Popayan (where it was No. 3224-?).Grallaria gigantea LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 345 (not earlier than June 25), 1866.
=Grallaria gigantea gigantea Lawrence. See Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 58: 17-18, 1945.35101. Adult (sex not indicated). Ecuador (probably from the easternslope of the Andes, fide Wetmore, op. cit.) . Entered into the museumregister on December 27, 1864. Received from John Akhurst, a dealerin Brooklyn, N.Y.Grallaria ochraceiventris NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 62, March 24, 1898.
=Grallaria guatimalensis ochraceiventris Nelson. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 3 : 335, 1924.156013. Adult male. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March16, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3884. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Grallaria chthonia Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 6, May 21, 1956.
. Adult male. Hacienda "La Providencia" (elev. 1,800 meters),on the Rio Chiquito, State of Tachira, Venezuela. February 10, 1955.Collected by Ramon Urbano. Deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr.,in whose private collection it is No. 61055.Grallaria rufula saltuensis WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 ( 16) : 4, December 30, 1946.373673. Adult male. "Between 9,500 and 10,000 feet elevation, southof the south Teta above Airoca, Sierra de Perij a," Department ofMagdalena, Colombia. May 4, 1942. Collected by Melbourne A. Car-riker, Jr. Original number 2611.Grallaria lizanoi CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 342, September 4, 1891.
=Grallaria perspicillata lizanoi Cherrie. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 3 : 353, 1924.119951. Adult male. Las Trojas de Puntaienas, Provine of Puntarenas?,Costa Rica. January 1886. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro. Originalnumber 270? Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, whereit was No. 628.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 261G[rallaria]. intermedia RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6 : 406 (footnote) , April 26, 1884.
=Grallaria perspicillata intermedia Ridgway. See Hellinayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 3 : 353, 1924.47484. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Jan-uary 9, 1867. Collected by Julian Carmiol.64718. Adult (sex not indicated). Costa Rica=( probably) Sipurio (seeCarriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910), "Talamanca," Costa Ricaor Panama (contested territory). 1873 (entered into the museum reg-ister on November 4), Collected by Jose Castulo Zeledon. Originalnumber 591. Received from William M. Gabb.This form was based upon only two specimens, one from Angostura, theother from "Talamanca"; at the original description, neither was set up asthe type, but at some later date Ridgway himself wrote *'Grallaria inter-media Ridgw." on a red type label, which was attached to No. 47484 fromAngostura. Notwithstanding this decision, still later (Birds of North andMiddle America 5: 157, 1911), the type locality is given simply as "Tala-manca," thus automatically making No. 64718 the type. The two examplesin question are unmistakably of the same race, and are here treated asequivalent cotypes.Family RHINOGRYPTIDAE: TapaculosGenus SCELORCHILUS OberholserPteroptochos rubecula neniorivaga WetmoreUniv. California Publ. Zool. 21 (12) : 333, June 16, 1923.
=Scelorchilus rubecula rubecula (von Kittlitz). See Wetmore, Univ.California Publ. Zool. 24; 444, 445, 1926; Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov.762:3,1934.116272. Adult male. "Port Otway"=western shore of the Gulf of TresMontes, an arm of the Gulf of Pefias (not Straits of Magellan) , Provinceof Llanquihue, Chile. February 9-10, 1888. Collected by naturahstsof the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Received from theU.S. Fish Commission.Genus SCYTALOPUS GouldScytalopus argentifrons RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14 : 475, October 31, 1891.121329. Adult male. Volcan de Irazu, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.April 23, 1891. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro. Received from theMuseo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 5418.121330. Immature (sex not indicated). Volcan de Irazu, Province ofCartago, Costa Rica. May 1891. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro. Re-ceived from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 5417.
262 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family COTINGIDAE: CotingasGenus COTINGA BrissonCotinga ridgwayi "Zeledon MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10 : 1, pi. 6, fig. 3, April 25, 1887.=Cotmga ridgwayi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 6: 106, 1929.109813. Adult male. Pozo Azul de Pirris (a region of heavy forest onthe Rio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean),Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. September 8, 1886. Collected byJose C. Zeledon. Genus CARPODECTES SalvinCarpodectes antoniae "Zeledon, MS." RidgwayIbis (5) 2 (5) : 27, pi. 2, January 1884.
=Carpodectes nitidus antoniae Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6:112, 1929.91832. Adult male. Pozo Azul de Pirris (a region of heavy forest on theRio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean), Provinceof San Jose, Costa Rica. May 1883. Collected by Juan Zeledon. Re-ceived from Jose C. Zeledon.Genus TYRANNULUS ViciUotTyrannulus reguloides RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10 : 521, August 6, 1888.=Tyrannulus elatus (Latham). See Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1126; 2,1941.120889. Adult (sex not indicated). Diamantina (near Santarem andeast of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. June 30,1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker. Original number 79.Genus ACROCHORDOPUS von Berlepsch and HeUmayrPogonotriccus ? zeledoni LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(5): 144, March 1869.=Acrochordopus zeledoni zeledoni (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5 : 481, 1927.47513. Adult male. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. October 4, 1866. Collected by Francisco (on label) or JuHan(in register) Carmiol.Acrochordopus zeledoni bunites Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 7, May 21, 1956.
. Adult (sex not indicated). Western slope of Cerro Chimanta-tepui (at elev. 1,300 meters) , State of Bolivar, Venezuela. July 9, 1946.Collected by Ramon Urbano. Deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr.,in whose private collection it is No, 35992.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 263Genus ATTILA LessonAttila cinnamomeus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3) : 8, "February-March" 1871.Attila spadiceus pacificus HellmayrPubl. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 13 (6) : 140, November 14, 1929,
=Attila spadiceus pacificus Hellmayr. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 6: 140, 1929.58231. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Entered intothe museum register in July 1869. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson.Original number 203.58232. Adult female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Entered intothe museum register in July 1869. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson.Original number 204.Both in the register and on the oldest labels, a query has been added (byBaird?) after the word "Mazatlan," but no reason for his doubt is onrecord.Attila spadiceus pacificus Hellmayr is a mere substitute name for A. cin-namomeus Lawrence, not [Muscicapa] cinnamomea Gmelin, 1789, and isbased upon the same type specimens.Attila citropyga salvini RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 118, September 6, 1906.
=Attila spadiceus flammulatus Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 138, 1929.177358. Adult male. Paso Nuevo (not Pasa Nueva), State of Veracruz,Mexico. March 23, 1901. Collected by Albert E. Colbum. Originalnumber 867.Attila mexicanus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 172, September 25, 1901.
=Attila spadiceus flammulatus Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 138, 1929.166431. Adult male. Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico. April 27,1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 7002. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Attila cozumelse RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3:23 (p. 3 of extra), February 26, 1885.
=Attila spadiceus cozumelae Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 6: 140, 1929.102767. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 29, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Attila citreopyga luteola RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 119, September 6, 1906.
=Attila spadiceus citreopygus (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6 : 136, 137, 1929.500936?61 18
264 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22164623. Adult male. San Jose, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. 1873(entered into the museum register on November 4). Collected by JoseC. Zeledon. Original number 247. Received from William M. Gabb.Attila tephrocephala RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 118, September 6, 1906.=Auila spadiceus citreopygus (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6: 136, 137, 1929.64624. Adult female. "Talamanca"=(probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). 1873 (entered into the museum register on November 4).Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 442. Received fromWilliam M. Gabb.Attila viridescens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 522, August 6, 1888.
=Attila spadiceus spadiceus (Gmelin) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 6: 128, 132, 1929.120917. Adult male. "Diamantina, Mountain," near Diamantina (nearSantarem and east of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos), State of Para,Brazil. July 5, 1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker. Original num-ber 82. Genus RHYTIPTERNA ReichenbachLipaugus holerythrus Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London 28 (2) : 300, August 1860.
=Rhjtipterna holerythra holerythra (Sclater and Salvin) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 6: 154, 1929.20469. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctum, Department of Alta VeraPaz, Guatemala. January 9, 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Orig-inal number 1973. Received from Osbert Salvin.This form was based upon an unstated number of specimens, one ofwhich, in the collection of the British Museum, ex the Salvin-Godman Col-lection, is called "Type of the species" (Catalogue of the birds in the BritishMuseum 14: 357, 1888) . It is probable that the five Salvin-taken skins fromGuatemala there listed, as well as our No. 20469, are equivalent cotypes.Genus LIPAUGUS BoieLathria fusco-cinerea guayaquilensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 120, September 6, 1906.
=Lipaugus fusco-cinereus (Lafresnaye). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 156, 1929.101271. Adult (sex not indicated) . "Guayaquil, Ecuador," error="theinterior of Ecuador" {fde Jones, in epist. of November 11, 1884).Entered into the museum register on Januarj'^ 5, 1885. Received fromWilliam H. Jones, who acquired it, with other birds, from "Mr. Cart-right Agt. P.S.N. Co. Guayaquil as a gift" {in epist. cit.).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 265Lathria unirufa clara RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 120, September 6, 1906.
=Lipaugus unirujus castaneotinctus (Hartert) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6: 162, 1929.53767. Adult male. "Panama (Lion Hill station?)"=Panama CanalZone. 1862. Collected by James McLeannan.Genus PACHYRAMPHUS G. R. GrayPachyrhamphus similis CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 343, September 4, 1891.=Pachyramphus polychopterus similis Cherrie. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6: 184, 1929.40447. Adult male. Greytown=San Juan del Norte, Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. June 11, 1865. Collected by H. E. Holland.Original number 72.40448. Adult female. Greytown=San Juan del Norte, Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. June 4, 1865. Collected by H. E. Holland.Original number 68.Pachyrhamphus ornatus CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 338, September 4, 1891.
=Pachyramphus albogriseus ornatus Cherrie. See Helhnayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6: 189, 1929.42957 (not 42951). Adult female. Barranca, "on the edge of a smallstream of the same name to the north of the road to San Carlos, andon the slopes of the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not lessthan 6,000 feet, probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.6: 335, 1910), Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. February 26, 1866.Collected by Julian Carmiol.Pachyrhamphus major uropygialis NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 28, January 1899.=Pachyramphus major uropygialis Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6 : 192, 1929.157150. Adult male. Plomosas, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. July 14, 1897.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 4623. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Pachyrhamphus major itzensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 173, September 25, 1901.=Pachyramphus major itzensis Nelson. See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 192, 1929.167766. Adult female. Chichen Itza, State of Yucatan, Mexico. January29, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7499. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
266 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus PLATYPSARIS SclaterPlatypsaris aglaiae gravis Van RossemCondor 40 (6) : 262, November 15, 1938.135419 (not 435419). Adult male. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas,Mexico. February 11, 1895. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong. Orig-inal number 38.P[lalypsaris]. insularis RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 325, September 1887.
=Platypsaris aglaiae insularis Ridgway. See Hellraayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 202, 1929.37368. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number 129.39981. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. March 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Gray-son. Original number 129.39982. Adult female. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. March 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Gray-son. Original number 130.Hadrostomus albiventris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 475 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.
=Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6 : 201, 1929.29402. Adult male. "Plains of Colima," State of Colima, Mexico. Jan-uary 1863. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 19.30126. Adult female. "Plains of Colima," State of Colima, Mexico.January 1863. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 17.Platypsaris aglaiae sumichrasti NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 52, January 1897.
=Platypsaris aglaiae sumichrasti Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 200, 1929.154701. Adult male. Otatitlan, State of Veracruz, Mexico. April 15,1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 1926. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildhfe Service.Platypsaris aglaiae yucatanensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 120, September 6, 1906.
=Platypsaris aglaiae yucatanensis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 202, 1929.130023. Adult male. State of Yucatan, Mexico. Entered into the museumregister on October 9, 1893. Collected by George F. Gaumer.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 267Plalypsaris aglaiae hypophaeus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 467, October 26, 1891.
=Platypsaris aglaiae hypophaeus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 200, 1929.120293. Adult male. San Pedro Sula, Department of Cortes, Honduras.October 4, 1890. Collected by Erich Wittkiigel. Original number 55.Plalypsaris aglaiae obscurus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 469, 474, October 31, 1891.
=Platypsaris aglaiae hypophaeus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 200, 1929.121331. Adult male. Jimenez, Province of Limon, Costa Rica. Febru-ary 4, 1891. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro and M. Carranza (notCarranro) . Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where itwas No. 5408. Genus TITYRA VieillotTilyra personate griseiceps RidgwayAuk 5 (3) : 263, July 1888.=Tityra semifasciata griseiceps Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the America 6: 215, 1929.58235. Adult female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Entered intothe museum register in July 1869. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson.Original number 193.Tilyra semlfasciala coslaricensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 119, September 6, 1906.199039. Adult female. Bonilla, Province of Limon, Costa Rica.March 29, 1905. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro.Tilyra semifasciala Columbiana RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 119, September 6, 1906.170410. Adult female. La Concepcion, in the Sierra Nevada de SantaMarta, Department of Magdalena, Colombia. April 6, 1899. Col-lected by Wilmot W. Brown, Jr. Received from Outram Bangs.Genus PYRODERUS G. R. GrayPyroderus masoni RidgwayAuk 3 (3): 333, July 1886.=Pyroderus scutatus masoni Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 6: 231, 1929.106051. Adult (sex not indicated). Locality unknown=Peru? Enteredinto the museum register on November 16, 1885. Transferred fromthe Department of State, which acquired it from one of the nationalexhibits (presumably that of Peru) at the World's Industrial andCotton Centennial Exposition in New Orleans (1884^1885).See my remarks under Grammopsittaca lineola maculata Ridgway(p. 125).
268 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUISI BULLETIN 221Family PIPRIDAE: ManakinsGenus PIPRA LinnaeusPipra suavissima Salvin and GodmanIbis (4) 6 (21) : 79, pi. 1, January 1882.=Pipra serena suavissima Salvin and Godman. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 6: 24, 1929.90557. Adult male. Merume Mountains, British Guiana. July 12, 1881.Collected by Henry Whitely, Jr. Received from Osbert Salvin andFrederick DuC. Godman.90558. Adult female. Merume Mountains, British Guiana. July 12,1881. Collected by Henry Whitely, Jr. Received from Osbert Salvinand Frederick DuC. Godman.This form was described from "a good series of specimens," both maleand female. Five skins from the Merume Mountains, now in the BritishMuseum, are considered "Types of the species" (Catalogue of the birds inthe British Museum 14: 301, 1888), but our examples have an equal claim,as do the three there listed from Bartica Grove, and, possibly, the twoMerume specimens derived from the Sclater Collection.P[ipra]. chloromeros von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 271, 1844.=Pipra chloromeros von Tschudi. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 6: 25, 1929.41924. Adult male. Peru=Valley of Vitoc, Department of Junin (seeHellmayr, loc. cit.). Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Receivedfrom the Neuchatel Museum.While this specimen may be only a cotype, it should be noted thatHellmayr has not claimed to have examined any one of von Tschudi'soriginal examples at Neuchatel.Pipra erythrocephala berlepschi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 117, September 6, 1906.147568. Adult male. Nauta, Department of Loreto, Peru or Ecuador(contested territory). December 8, 1883. Collected by J. (not T.)Hauxwell. Received as part of the Boucard Collection.Pipra pipra anthracina RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 117, September 6, 1906.108278. Adult male. Moravia, Province of Limon, Costa Rica. October30, 1885. Collected by Juan Cooper. Received from Jose C. Zeledon.Pipra comata von Berlepsch and StolzmannIbis (6) 6 (23): 392, July 1894.=Pipra pipra comata von Berlepsch and Stolzmann. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 6:36, 1929.159823. Adult male. La Garita del Sol, Valley of Vitoc, Department ofJunin, Peru. June 26, 1891. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Originalnumber 1274. Received from the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 269This form was based upon four adult and two immature males, fromLa Gloria (August 1890) and La Garita del Sol (June and August 1891,April 1893) ; all are cotypes. Stolzmann and Domaniewski (Ann. Zool.Mus. Polonici 6: 149, 1927) have made a specimen from La Gloria the lecto-lype, but I consider their action a mere restriction of type locality.Pipra pipra bahiae RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19:117, September 6, 1906.=Pipra pipra cephaleucos Thunberg. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 6: 37, 1929.115147. Adult male. Bahia=Sao Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. En-tered into the museum register on December 21, 1888. Purchased froman indigene by Charles H. Townsend, Leslie A. Lee, and Thomas Lee.Genus CORAPIPO BonaparteCorapipo gutturalis carniinae BarnesAuk 72: 412, November 2, 1955.444143. "Adult female" (probably immature male, fide Wetmore).Camp Jaime Benitez (elev. 5,000 feet), Cerro Marahuaca, Territory ofAmazonas, Venezuela. May 18, 1950. Collected by Ventura Barnes, Jr.Genus MANACUS BrissonManacus manacus umbrosus FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 57: 99, November 30, 1944.328736. Adult male. Cerro Yapacana, Territory of Amazonas, Vene-zuela. March 28, 1931. Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E. R.Blake, and Charles T. Agostini. Original number 5675. NationalGeographic Society Brazil-Venezuela Expedition.Manacus manacus purus BangsProc. New England Zool. Club 1 : 36, March 31, 1899.120904. Adult male. Santarem, State of Para, Brazil. May 1883. Col-lected by ? Williams (not Clarence B. Riker). Received from Clar-ence B. Riker.Manacus vilellinus aniitinus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 139(2) : 7, July 8, 1959.468919. Adult male. Island of Escudo de Veraguas, Caribbean Sea offthe Province of Bocas del Toro, Panama. March 2, 1958. Collected byAlexander Wetmore. Original number 22241.Genus SCHIFFORNIS BonaparteScotothorus furvus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 118, September 6, 1906.
=Schiffornis turdinus furvus (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 6: 84, 1929.62070. Adult male. Boquete de Chitra, Province of Veraguas, Panama.1869. Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 2034. Receivedfrom Osbert Salvin.
270 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
^ Family TYRANNIDAE: Tyrant FlycatchersGenus AGRIORNIS GouldAgriornis poliosoma W. E. D. ScottBull. Brit. Orn. Club 10: 55, March 31, 1900.
=Agriornis montana leucura Gould. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5: 7, 8, 1927.335171. Aduh male. "Arroyo Eke" (not "Arroyo Gio"), Territory ofSanta Cruz, Argentina. May 20, 1898. Collected by Albert E. Colburn.Original number 360. Received from the Princeton Museum of Zoology,where it was No. 7927.See my remarks on this type locality under Henicornis wallisi W. E. D.Scott. Gewus XOLMIS Boie
.Taenioptera pyrope ignea WetmoreUniv. California Publ. Zool. 21 (12) : 334, June 16, 1923.=Xolmis pyrope (Kittlitz). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 5: 19, 1927.116246. Adult male. Laredo Bay (at the western side of the Straits ofMagellan between Elizabeth Island and Punta Arenas, with Cape Negrosheltering it on the Northwest), Territory of Magallanes, Chile. Jan-uary 20-22, 1888. Collected by naturalists of the U.S. Fish Commis-sion Steamer Albatross. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus MUSCISAXICOLA d'Orbigny and LafresnayeMuscisaxicola occipitalis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 430, November 3, 1887.
=Muscisaxicola rufivertex occipitalis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 22, 1927.99572 {not 99571). Adult (sex not indicated). "Lake Titicaca," Peruor Bolivia. Entered into the museum register on August 18, 1884.Collected by Joseph H. Batty? Received from Joseph H. Batty.Muscisaxicola hatcheri W. E. D. ScottBull. Brit. Orn. Club 10: 55, March 31, 1900.
=Muscisaxicola flavinucha Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 24, 1927.335167. Immature female (not male). At the headwaters of the RioChico de Santa Cruz, Territory of Santa Cruz, Argentina. February 18,1897. Collected by 0. A. Peterson. Original number 464. Receivedfrom the Princeton Museum of Zoology, where it was No. 7645.Muscisaxicola garrelti W. E. D. ScottBull. Brit. Orn. Club 10: 54, March 31, 1900.
=Muscisaxicola capistrata (Burmeister). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 25, 1927.
TYPE SPECEVIENS OF BIRDS 271335170. Adult female (not male). "Near Coy Inlet"=near the mouthof the Rio Coyle, Territory of Santa Cruz, Argentina. October 21,1896. Collected by 0. A, Peterson. Original number 215. Receivedfrom the Princeton Museum of Zoology, where it was No. 7643.Saxicola fumifrons PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 90, "pi. xxv, fig. 1,"1848.
=Musclsaxicola macloviana mentalis d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye. SeeBangs, Bull. Mus. Corap. Zool. 70: 265, 1930.14469. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Callao, Peru. July 18?
.
Original number 135. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Only two examples of this form were entered into the museum register.No. 14360, a cotype, is now No. 75849 in the collection of the Museum ofComparative Zoology.Genus CNEMARCHUS RidgwayCnemarchus erythropygius orinomus WetraoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 5, December 30, 1946.387513. Adult male. Above Mamancanaca (at elev. 11,400-12,000feet), in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena,Colombia. February 23, 1946. Collected by Melbourne A. Carriker,Jr. Original number 7902.Genus OCHTHOECA CabanisOcthoeca rufi-pecloralis rubicundulus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 8, December 30, 1946.
=Ochthoeca rufi-pectoralis rubicundulus Wetmore.373864. Adult male. "Above Airoca, between 9,500 and 10,000 feetelevation south of the south Tela, Sierra de Peri j a," Department ofMagdalena, Colombia. May 7, 1942. Collected by Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 2648.Ochthoeca diadema rubellula WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 7, December 30, 1946.373844. Adult male. "Between 8,000 and 9,000 feet above Laguna deJunco, slopes of Cerro Pintado, Sierra de Perij a," Department ofMagdalena, Colombia. July 11, 1942. Collected by Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 3245.Genus SAYORNIS BonaparteSayornis saya yukonensis BishopAuk 17 (2) : 115, April 1900.165223. Adult male. Glacier Station, near Skagway, Alaska. June 8,1899. Collected by Wilfred H. Osgood. Original number 77.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
272 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus ENTOTRICCUS Wetmore and PetersCnipolegus cinereus SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1870 (1) : 58, text-fig.. May 1870.
=Entotriccus striaticeps (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5 : 77, 1927.16355. Adult male. Coruraba (on the Rio Paraguay), State of MatoGrosso, Brazil. July 1859. Collected by Christopher Wood? Originalnumber 69. Second U.S. Survey of the Rio Parana (1859-1860).Genus LICHENOPS SundevaULichenops perspicillatus, yS. andinus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 483, May? 1879.
=Lichenops perspicillata andina Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 79, 80, 1927.32190. Adult male. Chile. January 1854. Received from James M.Gilliss.489441/2 (=151808) . Adult male. "Vicinity of Santiago," Province ofSantiago, Chile. October 1865. Received from the Museo Nacionalde Chile.Ridgway based this race upon three adult males from Chile; the third,No. 48944, was sent to Fernando Ferrari-Perez in December 1885, and isperhaps now part of some collection in Mexico.No. 48944.1^ was, for no obvious reason, reentered on January 25, 1896,as No. 151808.No. 32190, according to the register, was collected by Gilliss, who had,in fact, departed from Chile prior to January 1854. In the introductionto the second volume of his official report on the U.S. Naval AstronomicalExpedition to the Southern Hemisphere (1849-1852), we learn, however,that friends, "foreign as well as native, aided me; . . . Nor did their con-siderate and kind liberality end with my residence in Chile; for more thana year after arriving at home, there reached me . . . many birds of par-ticular interest . . ." Since the data on the original label are in Spanish,it may be assumed that this specimen was among these.Genus PYROCEPHALUS GouldPyrocephalus carolensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 365, November 15, 1894.
=Pyrocephalus rubinus nanus Gould. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5: 93, 1927.115926. Adult male. Charles Island=Santa Maria Island, GalapagosIslands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador.April 8, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 273115927. Immature male. Same data as No. 115926.115928. Adult female. Same data as No. 115926.125988. Adult male. Same data as No. 115926.Pyrocephalus intercedens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 366, November 15, 1894.
=Pyrocephalus rubinus nanus Gould. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 93, 1927.77764. Immature male. Indefatigable Island=Santa Cruz Island,Galapagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean ofiEcuador. August 25-October 16, 1863. Collected by A. Habel.Original number 14. Received from Osbert Salvin.116053. Immature (sex not indicated). Indefatigable Island, GalapagosIslands, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. April 12, 1888. Collectedby Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.This form was based upon five specimens, of which three belonged toBaur, their collector; of these, at least the adult male, and perhaps the twoothers, eventually entered the Rothschild Collection. Hartert (Nov. Zool.29:385, 1922) says that the type ("marked and red-labelled as such byRidgway") is the male and goes on to observe that, since the race wasdescribed from supposed differences in color of the female, the female shouldtherefore logically have been made the type. But in fact, intercedens wasdescribed in such a way that all of the original five are cotypes, and Ridg-way's illogical red-labeling of the male at a later date is but another exampleof the thoughtless manner in which lectotypes are often chosen.Pyrocephalus abingdoni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 367, November 15, 1894.
=Pyrocephalus rubinus nanus Gould. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 93, 1927.116134. Adult male. Abingdon Island=Pinta Island, Galapagos Is-lands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. April16, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Pyrocephalus minimus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 113, February 5, 1890.
=Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius Gould. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 93, 94, 1927.115961. Adult male. Chatham Island=San Cristobal Island, GalapagosIslands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador.April 5, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from theU.S. Fish Commission.115962. Adult male. Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands, eastern PacificOcean off Ecuador. April 5, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.
274 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus MUSCIGRALLA d'Orbigny and LafresnayeLepturus brevicauda PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 103, "pi. xxvii, fig.4," 1848.
=MuscigralIa brevicauda d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye.14415. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Callao, Peru. July 18? . Orig-inal number 199. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Genus TYRANNUS LacepedeTyrannus couchii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 170(inkey), 175,1858.=Tyrannus melancholicus couchii Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 109, 1927.4001. Adult male. State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. 1853. Collected byDarius N. Couch. Original number 99.4002. Adult (sex not indicated). San Diego, State of Nuevo Leon,Mexico. March 1853. Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original num-ber 111.4003. Adult male. San Diego, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April 1853.Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 126.Couch's original label for No. 4002 gives the locality as "Rio San Juan,San Diego." The only San Diego in Nuevo Leon known to me lies at thehead of the Arroyo Calabazal (near its mouth called the Arroyo Lajas), atributary that enters the Rio San Juan just downstream from China.Tyrannus dominicensis sequax BrodkorbAuk 67 (3) : 337, July 27, 1950.172802. Adult male. Nueva Gerona, Isla de Pinos, Province of LaHabana, Cuba. July 10, 1900. Collected by William Palmer andJoseph H. Riley. Original number 661.Tyrannus dominicensis tenax BrodkorbAuk 67 (3) : 343, July 27, 1950.151714. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 7, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 453.Genus SIRYSTES Cabanis and HeineSirystes sibilator atimastus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 66, August 30, 1902.129412. Adult male. Chapada (lat. 14?55' S., long. 59?58' W.), Stateof Mato Grosso, Brazil. March 13, 1885. Collected by Herbert H.Smith. Received from the American Musexun of Natural History,where it was No. 58403.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 275Genus MYIODYNASTES BonaparteM[yiodynastes]. audax insolens RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 332, September 1887.
=Myiodynastes maculatus insolens Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 125, 1927.27977. Adult (sex not indicated) . Hacienda "Mirador," State of Vera-cruz, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on March 24, 1863.Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius.Myiodynastes superciliaris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 470 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.
=Myiodynastes chrysocephalus hemichrysus (Cabanis). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5: 130, 1927.41429. Adult female (not male). Barranca, "on the edge of a smallstream of the same name to the north of the road to San Carlos, andon the slopes of the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not lessthan 6,000 feet, probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.6: 335, 1910), Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. October 4 (not April10), 1865. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Genus MEGARYNCHUS ThunbergMegarynclius pitangua caniceps RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 116, September 6, 1906.126595. Adult male. Barranca Beltran, in the southern parts of theState of Jalisco, Mexico. March 25, 1892. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy.Original number 1302.Genus CORYPHOTRICCUS RidgwayCoryphotriccus albovittatus distinctus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 191, October 20, 1908.
=Coryphotriccus parvus distinctus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 137, 1927.209464. Adult male. Rio Reventazon, at Guayabo Station, Province ofCartago, Costa Rica. March 18, 1908. Collected by Francisco L.Basulto, for Robert Ridgway and Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 272.Museum-Zeledon Expedition.Genus MYIOZETETES SclaterMusclcapa texensis GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 5,] pi.1, 1841.
=Myiozetetes similis texensis (Giraud). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 144, 1927.47689. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.
276 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Stone (Auk 36:464-472, 1919) has brought together most of what isknown of Giraud and of his famous "sixteen new species" from "Texas,"and has there observed that he did never "present any information as to whocollected them or how they came into his possession."It may be surmised, however, that they came to him through John G. Bell,a taxidermist and dealer with whom he was intimate. In Dall's biography ofSpencer F. Baird (Chapter 2), we learn that, at Bell's establishment, Bairdwas introduced to Giraud and other prominent naturalists, and that throughthese connections he acquired a great number of bird skins (see Baird'sletter to his brother William, dated December 20, 1841, in Dall, pp. 57-59)
.
The specimens got at this period were entered into Baird's private registeras Nos. 456-580, with the notation: "The Specimens following . . . wereobtained in New York and brought home January 25, 1842 without anyknowledge of the localities of most of them, with a few exceptions." Amongnumerous birds accredited to Giraud, Bell, Audubon, Trudeau, Lawrence,Woodhouse, and Brasher, we find "Muscicapa Derhami. Giraud. Texas. Bell,"
"Fringilla Texensis. Giraud. Texas. Bell," "Pipra Galericulata. Giraud. Texas.Bell," and "Setophaga Rubra. Sw. Texas. Bell."Baird's No. 561, entered as "Setophaga Rubra Sw.," is at hand (nowUSNM 561). The oldest label has on one side, in Baird's cursive script:
"561 Parus Leucotis. Giraud / Texas / B[ell]. N Y 1842," and, writtenwith another pen, presumably later, "Setophaga rubra." On the other side,with the same pen, appears in the disconnected script used in Baird's register
:
"Setophaga rubra?Sw. / Syn Mex Birds / 561 / Texas? / Bell." A secondand more recently attached label has, in Baird's writing, "Type of Parusleucotis. Giraud." See also my remarks under Pipra galericulata Giraud(p. 577).The conclusion is inescapable that, while a set of Giraud's new formspassed into his own collection, in at least some cases there were cotypes thatstayed in the possession of Bell, from whom they were obtained by Baird,labeled with Giraud's names.The friendship between Baird and Giraud, begun at the end of 1841, lasteduntil the latter's death in 1870. Holograph letters from Giraud in theSmithsonian archives, dated June 5 and June 16, 1867, indicate that Bairdasked for the gift to the national collection of his set of the "sixteen newbirds," which were then in storage at Vassar College. Stone erred {op. cit.,p. 467) in saying that only thirteen are in Washington, for all sixteen wereentered into the museum register on July 11, 1867, and are are still preservedamong our types. Genus TYRANNOPSIS RidgwayTyraiiniis luggeri RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 469 (in key) , 481, May 1879.
=Tyrannopsis sulphurea (von Spix). See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 147, 1927.
TYPE SPECDklENS OF BIRDS 27783981. Immature (sex not indicated). Demerara County, British Guiana.Received, in July 1881, as part of the collection of Robert Ridgway, whoacquired it, in January 1879, as part of a private exchange of specimenswith Otto Lugger.*t30'- Genus PITANGUS SwainsonPitaugus sulphuratus texanus Van RossemTrans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9 (17) : 82, April 30, 1940.135066. Adult male. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. December 8,1893. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong.Pitangus sulphuratus argenlinus ToddAnn. Carnegie Mus. 32 (5) : 291, February 15, 1952.284392. Adult male. Lavalle, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. No-vember 13, 1920. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number5352. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus MYIARCHUS CabanisM[yiarchus]. pertinax BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11: 301, 303 (not earlier than No-vember 29), 1859.=Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 160, 1927.12944. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1857. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 186.12945. Adult female. Original number 185. Other data same as forNo. 12944.12946. Adult female. Original number 82. Other data same as forNo. 12944.A fourth cotype. No. 12943, a male, was sent in December 1885 to Fer-nando Ferrari-Perez ; its present whereabouts is unknown.Myiarchus nultingi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 394, September 16, 1882.
=Myiarchus nuttingi nuttingi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 161, 1927.87391. Adult male. Hacienda "La Palma," about 10 miles NW. of Colo-rado, Province of Guanacaste?, Costa Rica. April 24, 1882. Collectedby Charles C. Nutting. Original number 243.Carriker (Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:348, 1910) defines the type localityas "A small hamlet in the Canton de Nicoya, between the Gulf of Nicoya andthe city of the same name," but Nutting himself (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5 : 383,1832) says "La Palma is situated about 10 miles northwest of Colorado, alittle hamlet on the northern coast of the gulf." It probably lies on the RioLa Palma, shown on Carriker's map as entering the Golfo Colorado justnorth of the northeastern corner of the Isla Chira.
278 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ridgway drew up his original description from six examples, of whichfour, from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, belong to the race later namedinquietus by Salvin and Godman. The remaining specimen, a female fromHacienda "La Palma," was returned to Nutting on July 15, 1882.M[yiarchus]. bracliyurus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 334, September 1887.=Myiarchus bracliyurus Ridgway. See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 5 : 161, 1927.91057. Adult male. Ometepe Island, in Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua.March 7, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Original number745.Myiarchus mexicanus magister RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2 : 90, April 10, 1884.=Myiarchus tyrannulus magister Ridgway. See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas, 5 : 162, 1927.86005. Adult male. Camp Lowell, Cochise County, Arizona. June 21,1881. Collector unnamed. Original number 558. Received from Wil-liam Brewster, in whose private collection it was No. 6245.57640. Adult female. "Tehuantepec," State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Decem-ber 16, 1868. Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number225.Myiarchus magister nelsoni RidgwayU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 50 (4) : 903, July 1, 1907.=Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi Baird. See A.O.U. Committee on Classi-fication and Nomenclature, Auk 72: 294, 1955.158786. Adult male. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. April 4,1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 5202. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Myiarchus cooperi Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rej). Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: XXX, 180, 1858.
=Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi Baird. See Deignan, Condor 51:270,1949.9100. Adult (sex not indicated). "Mexico." Entered into the museumregister on February 17, 1858. Received from the Maison Verreaux.Myiarchus oberi nugator RileySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 [Quarterly Issue 2] (4) : 275, November 9,1904.
=Myiarchus tyrannulus nugator Riley. See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, p. 87, 1945.74171. Adult male. Grenada Island, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea.March 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 540.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 279Myiarchus Oberi LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1(1-2): 48, December 1877.
=^Myiarchus tyrannulus oberi Lawrence, See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, p. 88, 1945.77828. Adult male. Landat, Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Carib-bean Sea. March 1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Originalnumber 165.77829. Adult female. Landat, Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Carib-bean Sea. March 1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Originalnumber 192.Myiarchus sclateri LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 357, March 17, 1879.=Myiarchus tyrannulus sclateri Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, p. 88, 1945.75163. Adult (sex not indicated) . Martinique Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. August 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober.Original number 788.Myiarchus yucatanensis LawrenceProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1871: 235, December 12, 1871.39213. Adult (sex not indicated). Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico.April 9, 1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Scholt. Original number375.This form was originally identified by Lawrence as Myiarchus "mexi-canus" (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9: 202-203, 1869) ; at that time hehad before him a specimen of his own and our No. 39213. If our birdwas in his hands in 1871 when he drew up the description of M. yucatanensisit may be considered a valid cotype; otherwise, it is not even a paratype.Lawrence ordinarily wrote the word "Type" on the label of each of hiscotypes; in the case of No. 39213, Schott's label has been removed andreplaced by one of Coues's labels for "Studies of the Tyrannidae." Inthese circumstances, it is no longer possible to know whether our specimenhas any claim to a place in this list, and I include it only because the lateCharles W. Richmond chose to give it the benefit of the doubt.Myiarchus pelzeini von BerlepschIbis (5) 1 (2) : 139, April 1883.
=Myiarchus pelzeini pelzeini von Berlepsch. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 171, 1927.108236. Adult (sex not indicated). State of Baia, Brazil. Prior toAugust 1879 (when it was acquired by von Berlepsch). Receivedfrom Hans von Berlepsch (in whose private collection it was No. 5735),who obtained it by purchase from Ashmead and Argent, dealers inLondon.500936?61 19
280 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221This form was based upon three specimens with identical data, all ac-quired by von Berlepsch at the same time and place. One other cotype wasgiven to Sclater, from whose possession it passed into that of the BritishMuseum (Natural History), London; the third may still exist in one of theGerman collections.Myiarchus ferox actiosus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 116, September 6, 1906.198632. Adult male. Pigres, Territory of Puntarrenas, Costa Rica.March 6, 1905. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Myiarchus ferox audens WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 5, December 17, 1953.443502. Adult female. Nuqui (Pacific coast at lat. 5?40' N.) , Intendancyof Choco, Colombia. March 5, 1951. Collected by Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 19780.Muscicapa lawrenceii GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 7],pi. 2, fig. 1, 1841.=Myiarchus tuberculifer lawrenceii (Giraud) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 185, 1927.47690. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275). The typelocality for this bird has been corrected to the Mexican State of NuevoLeon, by Miller and Griscom (Amer. Mus. Nov. 159: 7, February 16, 1925)
.
Myiarchus lawrencei tresmariae NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 49, March 10, 1904.=Myiarchus tuberculifer tresmariae Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 186, 1927.156810. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 7 (not 5), 1897. Collected by EdwardW. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4319. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Myiarchus lawrencei querulus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 47, March 10, 1904.
=Myiarchus tuberculifer querulus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 185, 1927.185220. Adult male. Los Reyes, State of Michoacan, Mexico. February17, 1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9137. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 91, April 10, 1884.
=Myiarchus tuberculifer olivascens Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 186, 1927.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 28157655. Adult male. Santa Efigenia, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. December25, 1868. Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 316.Myiarchus platyrhyiichus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3: 23, February 26, 1885.
=Myiarchus tuberculifer platyrhyiichus Ridgway. See Helbnayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5 : 185, 1927.102738. Adult female? Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 22, 1885. Collectedby James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.This specimen was originally preserved in alcohol and, as a result, isgreatly decolorized.Myiarchus coalei RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 520, February 14, 1887.
=Myiarchus tuberculifer tuberculifer d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye. SeeZimmer and Phelps, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1312: 12, 1946.106040. Adult (sex not indicated). "Orinoco, Venezuela?" Entered intothe museum register on November 16, 1885. Original number 4. Re-ceived from Henry K. Coale.Genus NESOTRICCUS TownsendNesolriccns Ridgwayi C. H. TownsendBull. Mus. Comp.'Zool. 27 (3) : 124, July 1895.
=Nesotriccus ridgwayi Townsend. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 5: 188, 1927.131691. Adult male. Cocos Island, eastern Pacific Ocean at lat 5?35'N., long. 87?2' W. February 28, 1891. Collected by Charles H. Town-send. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus DELTARHYNCHUS RidgwayMyiarchus flammulatus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 11 (3^) : 71, February 1875.
=Deltarhynchus flammulatus (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 188, 1927.91879. Adult (sex not indicated). Cacoprieto, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.June 1872. Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number1555. Genus CONTOPUS CabanisConlopus vicinus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 576, August 6, 1888.
=Contopus virens (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 5: 190, 1927; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and No-menclature, Auk 64: 449-450, 1947.
282 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221111270. Adult male. Swan Island, Caribbean Sea at lat. 17?30' N., long.84? 00' W. April 14, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Orig-inal number 1866.Contopus Veliei CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 61, March 1866.
=^Contopus sordidulus veliei Coues. See Phillips and Parkes, Condor57: 246, 1955.36938. Adult male. Fort Whipple (near Prescott), Yavapai County,Arizona. August 10, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original num-ber 522.The number of cotypes is unknown, and most of them are probably nolonger in the collection; even Dr. Velio's "first example from the mountainsof Colorado Territory" is not now to be found in Washington. No. 36938is a lectotype, chosen by Coues, at Richmond's prompting, long after publi-cation of the name. It should be mentioned that Phillips and Parkes {op.cit., p. 245) consider Dr. Velio's lost specimen to be the only possible typeContopus schottii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9 (6) : 202, May 1869.
=Contopus cinereiis brachytarsus (Sclater). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5: 198, 1927; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 449-450, 1947.37695. Adult (sex not indicated). Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico.February 21, 1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original num-ber 205. Comision Cientifica de Yucatan.Contopus depressirostris RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 403 (footnote) , April 26, 1884.
==Contopus cinereus brachytarsus (Sclater). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 198, 1927; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 449-450, 1947.91235. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan, about30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Department of Chon-
1 tales, Nicaragua. May 8, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting.Original number 883.91234. Adult female. Hacienda "Los Sabalos," Department of Chontales,Nicaragua. May 2, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Originalnumber 830.Contopus cinereus aithalodes WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 65, July 8, 1957.460992. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. January 19, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wet-more. Original number 20326.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 283Contopus punensis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9 (8) : 237, December 1869.=Contopus cinereus punensis Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 197, 1927; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 60: 449-450, 1947.54105. Immature (sex not indicated) . Puna Island (in the Gulf of Guaya-quil), Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Entered into the museum registeron February 15, 1869. Collected by J. F. Reeve.Contopus lugubris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 134 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.34824. Adult female. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of thesame name to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopesof the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet,probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. April 18, 1864. Collected by JulianCarmiol.Contopus caribaeus morenoi Burleigh and DuvallProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 167, September 3, 1948.395059. Adult male. Cayo del Rosario (east of the Isle of Pines andsouth of the Peninsula of Zapata, in the Gulf of Batabano), Archipie-lago de los Canarreos, Cuba. March 21, 1948. Collected by ThomasD. Burleigh and Allen J. Duvall, Original number 290. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Tyrannula carriboea (var., hispaniolensis) BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 91 (not earlier than May), 1867.=Contopus caribaeus hispaniolensis (Bryant). See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 101, 1950.42474. Adult (sex not indicated). Mountains near Port-au-Prince, Re-public of Haiti, Hispaniola. June 6, 1866. Collected by A. E. Young-love. Original number 131.Blacicus hispaniolensis tacitus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41 : 201, December 18, 1928.
=Contopus caribaeus tacitus (Wetmore). See Burleigh and Duvall, Proc.Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 168, 1948.252964. Adult male. Anse a Galets, lie de la Gonave (in the Gulf ofGonaives), Republic of Haiti, Hispaniola. March 9, 1920. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Blacicus brunneicapillus LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 161, July 1878.
=Contopus latirostris brunneicapillus (Lawrence). See Bond, Checklistof birds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 101, 1950.77830. Adult male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 19.
284 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus EMPIDONAX CabanisTyrannula flavivenlris W. M. Baird and S. F. BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1 (28) : 283, September 1843.=Empidonax flavivenlris (Baird and Baird). See A.O.U. Checklist ofNorth American Birds, ed. 5, p. 342, 1957.985. Adult male. Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. May 18,1843. Collected by William M. Baird and Spencer F. Baird. Originalnumber 985. Received from Spencer F. Baird, of whose private col-lection it once formed part.This form was established upon an unknown number of specimens col-lected at Carlisle in the spring of 1843, all of which have equal claim totypeship. One example was presented to the Academy of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia, whence it has long since vanished without trace (see Stone,Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1899, p. 23, 1899) . Our No. 985seems to be the only one of the original series extant, in which case itbecomes the only possible type.A manuscript note of the late Charles W. Richmond states that the part ofthe Proceedings containing the Bairds' description of Tyrannula flavivenlriswas issued not later than September 6, 1843.Empidonax traillii alascensis A. R. PhillipsAuk 65 (4) : 509, October 22, 1948.=Empidonax iraillii traillii (Audubon). See Aldrich, Wilson Bull.53:193,194,1951.187242. Adult male. Charlie Creek=Kandik River (a stream enteringthe Yukon River from the northeast near Charlieville) , east-centralAlaska. June 21, 1903. Collected by Wilfred H. Osgood. Originalnimiber 774. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Musclcapa Traillii AudubonBirds of America (folio) 1 (9) : pi. 45, 1828; Ornithological biography1:236,1831.=Empidonax traillii traillii (Audubon). See Oberholser, Ohio Journ.Sci. 18: 88-90, 1918; Aldrich, Wilson Bull. 53: 193-194, 1951.1865. Adult (sex not indicated). "Woods along the prairie lands of theArkansas River," Arkansas. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who ac-quired it from John J. Audubon.A very full discussion of the claims of this specimen to typeship will befound in Oberholser's study, to which reference is made above.Empidonax traillii brewsteri OberholserOhio Journ. Sci. 18 (3) : 93, January 1918.158360. Adult male. Cloverdale, Nye County, Nevada. May 31, 1898.Collected by Harry C. Oberholser. Original number 57. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 285Empidoiiax traillii campestris AldrichWilson BuU. 63 (3) : 195, September 26, 1951.259504. Adult male. Oakes, Dickey County, North Dakota. June 29,1915. Collected by H. H. Sheldon. Original number 129. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Empidonax gracilis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3 : 23, February 26, 1885.=Empidonax minimus (Baird), See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 5: 209, 210, 1927.102737. Adult female? Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 22, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.This specimen is decolorized as a result of having been originally preservedin alcohol.Tyranniila hammondii XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 10: 117 (not earlier than May 25),1858.
=Empidonax hammondii (Xantus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5: 210, 1927.10079. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. October 18?(entered into the museum register on March 27, 1858). Collected byJohn Xantus. Original number 803.10080. Adult female. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. October18? (entered into the museum register on March 27, 1858) . Collectedby John Xantus. Original number 652.Empidonax oberholseri A. R. PhillipsAuk 56 (3) : 311, June 29, 1939.342070. Adult male. Hart Prairie, San Francisco Mountain, CoconinoCounty, Arizona. June 13, 1938. Collected by Allan R. Phillips. Orig-inal number 352. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,which acquired it from Allan R. Phillips, in whose private collectionit was No. 220.E [mpidonax] . wrighlii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 200,1858.=Empidonax wrightii Baird. See Phillips, Auk 56: 311-312, 1939.7234. Adult male? El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. May 4, 1850. Col-lected by Charles Wright.A cotype, No. 7237, a male taken by Wright at El Paso on April 3, 1850,was sent in April 1872 to the museum at Buenos Aires.
286 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Empidonax trepidus NelsonAuk 18 (1) : 47, January 1901.=Empidonax affinis trepidus Nelson. See Van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 57:393, 1934.154593. Adult male. Hacienda "Chancol," Department of Huehuete-nango, Guatemala. January 5, 1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3354. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Empidonax difficilis Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 198,1858.=Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird. See Moore, Auk 57 : 369, 1940.7243. Adult (sex not indicated). Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Wash-ington. July 4, 1854. Collected by James G. Cooper. Original number84. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.13720. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Entered intothe museum register in December 24, 1859. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 1680.13721. Immature male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Enteredinto the museum register on December 24, 1859. Collected by JohnXantus. Original number 615.This name was based upon four cotypes, of which one. No. 5920, fromFort Steilacoom, Washington, cannot now be found in the collection.It is instructive to observe the careless manner in which Fort Tejon hascome to be considered the restricted type locality, despite the fact that oneof the Washington proveniences might well have seemed more suitable to athoughtful student of the problem. No. 13720 was long ago set aside byRichmond as the only possible type, because, as he wrote on the red typelabel, "Species was based on 3 skins, of which this is the only adult one";ergo, the restricted type locality must be Fort Tejon. But No. 7243 is infact likewise an adult, as may also have been No. 5920. There were, more-over, not three, but four, cotypes; No. 13721 arrived at the museum togetherwith No. 13720, and was identified by Baird himself as an example ofdifficilis. There is nothing whatsoever in the original description that makesone Fort Tejon specimen more important than the other, since Baird failedeven to indicate whether he had one bird or two.Xantus's skins were not registered until a year or more after publicationof Baird's new name, so that museum numbers were not yet available forthem. Since, however, Baird neglected to give even the sex and collector'snumbers, clearly shown on the original labels, one must wonder whethermention of the California birds was not a last-minute addition to the manu-script, with comment on the new form actually based upon the Washingtonspecimens, which had already been in the museum collection for years.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 287Empidonax insulicola OberholserAuk 14 (3) : 300, July 1897.=Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl.Zool.38:284, 1932.140078. Adult male. Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands, Santa BarbaraCounty, California. July 3, 1892. Collected by Clark P. Streator.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Empidonax bairdi perplexus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 263, July 1900.=Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 213, 1927.154569. Adult female. Puerto Angel, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.March 13, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 2558. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Empidonax bairdi occidentalis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 53, January 1897.=Empidonax difficilis occidentalis Nelson. See Moore, Auk 57: 373?375,1940.154599. Adult male? Pluma, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. March 18,1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2566. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Empidonax salvini RidgwayIbis (5) 4: 459, October 1886.=Empidonax difficilis salvini Ridgway. See Moore, Auk 57: 377, 1940.84053. Adult male. Calderas (a hamlet on the Volcan de Fuego), De-partment of Sacatepequez, Guatemala. October 10, 1873. Collectedby Osbert Salvin. Received from Robert Ridgway, who acquired itfor his private collection from Osbert Salvin.Empidonax flavescens imperturbatus WetmoreAuk 59 (2) : 267, April 10, 1942.359904. Adult male. Volcan San Martin (at elev. 3,000 feet). Sierra deTuxtla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. April 16, 1940. Collected byMelbourne A. Carriker, Jr.Empidonax flavescens LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 133 (not earlier than May 1), 1865.=Empidonax flavescens flavescens Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5: 214, 1927; Moore, Auk 57: 349, 378, 1940.34818. Adult male. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of thesame name to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopesof the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet,probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. April 17, 1864. Collected by JulianCarmiol.
288 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22135329. Subadult (sex not indicated). Grecia (on the lower slopes ofthe Volcan de Poas), Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. November 30,1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Although greater emphasis was obviously placed by Lawrence on No.34818, yet by the rules adopted for this study No. 35329 must be considereda cotype. Lawrence himself wrote the word "Type" upon the label of eachspecimen.Empidonax viridescens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 413, April 26, 1884.=Empidonax flavescens flavescens Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5: 214, 1927; Moore, Auk 57: 349, 378, 1940.91826. Adult (sex not indicated) . Cervantes, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. 1882. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Received from Jose C.Zeledon.Blacicus flaviventris Lawrencein Wells, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 617, February 24, 1887.=Empidonax euleri lawrencei J. A. Allen. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, p. 91, 1945.151807=151129 (reentered). Immature (sex not indicated). "Hamp-den," Saint Andrew's, Grenada Island, Windward Islands, CaribbeanSea. March 16, 1880. Collected by John G. Wells.For reasons unknown, the specimen was not entered into the museumregister until October 10, 1895, when it became No. 151129. Unfortunately,this number was not written upon the label, with the result that, on January24, 1896, it was entered again as No. 151807.E[inpidonax]. brunneus Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds2: 363 (in key) , January 1874.=Empidonax euleri argentinus (Cabanis) . See Wetmore, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 133:335, 1926; Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas5:218, 1927.20970. Adult female. Parana, Province of Entre Rios, Argentina.March 1860. Collected by Christopher Wood? Original number 54.Second U.S. Survey of the Rio Parana ( 1859-1860)
.
Hellmayr (loc. cit., footnote c) believed Parana to be in Paraguay and,making a personal examination of this type, saw in it all the characters ofE. e. euleri, the race of Brazil and Paraguay
!
There is, however, not the least doubt that the specimen came from theArgentine city of Parana (see data for Rhynchotus arcanus Wetmore, p. 4),where, according to Hellmayr himself, the resident form is E. e. argentinus.Empidonax griseipectus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(7): 236, June 1869.50709. Adult (sex not indicated). Guayaquil (not Puna Island),Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Entered into the museum register onMarch 26, 1868. Collected by Alcide Destruge (not J. F. Reeve).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 289Empidonax timidus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 263, July 1900.=Empidonax albigularis timidus Nelson. See Moore, Auk 57: 379, 380,1940.163905. Adult male. El Salto, State of Durango, Mexico. July 17, 1898.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 5671. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.E[inpidoiiax]. axillaris Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds2: 363 (in key) , January 1874.=Empidonax albigularis axillaris Ridgway. See Moore, Auk 57: 379-380, 382-383, 1940.42514. Adult female. Orizaba, State of Veracruz, Mexico. July 21,1866. Collected by Adrian L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 226.42515. Adult male. Orizaba, State of Veracruz, Mexico. July 15, 1866.Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast. Original number 220.80406=42516 (reentry). Adult female. Orizaba, State of Veracruz,Mexico. July 15, 1866. Collected by Adrien L. F. Sumichrast.Original number 217.No. 80406 represents yet another case in which Ridgway made an ex-change between his private collection and the public collection of whichhe was curator. As usually happened in such a case, the original label wasremoved from the specimen and presumably destroyed, to be replaced byone of Ridgway's own, upon which the data had been transcribed, notalways so accurately or completely as one might wish. Wlien the bird wasreturned to the museum in 1880, together with many others of similarhistory, it was unfortunately reentered as No. 80406.Muscicapa fulvifrons GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds [p. 9],pi. 2, fig. 2, 1841.=Empidonax fulvifrons fulvifrons (Giraud). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5: 220, 1927.47691. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275)
.
E[nipidonax]. pygmaeus CouesIbis (2) 1 (4) : 537, October 1865.Mitrephorus pallescens CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 63 (not earlier than March 27),1866.
=Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus Coues. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 220, 1927.40601. Adult male. Fort Whipple (near Prescott), Yavapai County,Arizona. May 9, 1865. Collected by Elliott Coues. Originalnumber 1423.
290 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22140602. Adult female. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona. May 9,1865. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 1422.Coues renamed these two specimens, because "the species being notsmaller than [Mitrephorus] fulvifrons, the name pygmceus would convey anerroneous impression regarding it." . ; , r.?> / . ' ' ; ?Empidonax fulvifrons fusciceps NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 152, October 6, 1904.193713. Adult male. Comitan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. March 29,1904. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 10625.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus MITREPHANES CouesMitrephorus aurantiivenlris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 173 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
=Mitrephanes phaeocercus aurantiiventris (Lawrence) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5 : 228, 1927.39052. Adult (sex not indicated). Tabacales, Province of Cartago?,Costa Rica. January 4, 1864. Collected by Alexander von Frantzius.Original number 139.Mitrephanes eminulus Nelson i:Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 13, September 27, 1912.
=Mitrephanes phaeocercus eminulus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 229, 1927.238135. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana, Department of Darien,Panama. February 26, 1912. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 15206. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus PRAEDO NelsonPraedo audax NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 15, September 27, 1912.=Praedo audax Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Amer-icas 5: 234, 1927.238681. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 1,800 [not 2,000]feet). Department of Darien, Panama. March 19, 1912. Collected byEdward A. Goldman. Original number 15403. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.
' Genus PYRRHOMYIAS Cabanis and HeinePyrrhomyias vieillotoifdes spadix WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 98 (4) : 5, March 10, 1939.
=Pyrrhomyias vieillodoides spadix Wetmore.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 291171139. Adult male. Los Palmales (elev. 450 meters), State of Monagas,Venezuela. December 7, 1898. Collected by Frederick W. Urich.Original number 48.Genus PLATYRINCHUS DesmarestPlatyrhynchus insularis J. A. AllenBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 2(3): 143, June 28, 1889.
=Platyrinchus mystaceus insularis (J. A. Allen). See HeUmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5 : 266, 267, 1927.74845, Adult male. Belmont, Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. April 17,1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 17.74843. Adult female. Tobago Island, Caribbean Sea. May 1878. Col-lected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 240.Platyrhynchus cancroniinus P. L. Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London 28 (2) : 299, August 1860.
=Platyrinchus cancrominus (P. L. Sclater and Salvin). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5 : 269, 1927.20456. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctum, Department of Alta VeraPaz, Guatemala. January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 2072. Received from Osbert Salvin.30819. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctum, Department of Alta VeraPaz, Guatemala. January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 1191. Received from Osbert Salvin and Frederick du C.Godman.The number of cotypes was not stated by Sclater and Salvin; it is probablethat some, if not all, of the four specimens from Alta Vera Paz listed in theCatalogue of Birds in the British Museum 14: 66, 1888, fall into this category.Genus TOLMOMYIAS HellmayrRhynchocyclus scotius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 63, August 30, 1902.=Tolmomyias sulphurescens sulphurescens (von Spix) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5: 273 (footnote b), 1927.59181. Adult (sex not indicated). "Brazil." Entered into the museumregister in February 1870. Received from Philip L. Sclater, in whoseprivate collection it was No. 1353.Genus RHYNCHOCYCLUS Cabanis and HeineRhynchocyclus griselmentalis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9 (1-4) : 112, April 1868.
=Rhynchocyclus brevirostris brevirostris (Cabanis). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5 : 291, 1927.47502 (not 47501). Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province ofCartago, Costa Rica. February 27, 1867. Collected by Julian Carmiol.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus LOPHOTRICCUS von BerlepschLophotrlccus squaniicristatus minor CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 337, September 4, 1891.
=Lophotriccus pileatus luteiventris Taczanowski. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5: 329, 1927.35305. Adult male. Grecia (on the lower slopes of the Volcan de Poas),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. December 1, 1864. Collected byJulian (not F[rancisco].) Carmiol.Lophotriccus zeledoni CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 337, September 4, 1891.
=Lophotriccus pileatus luteiventris Taczanowski. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5 : 329, 1927.47492. Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. October 4, 1866 (not 1867). Collected by Julian (not F[ran-cisco].) Carmiol.Genus COLOPTERYX RidgwayColopteryx inornatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 519, August 6, 1888.
=Colopteryx galeatus (Boddaert) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 5: 519, 1927.120888. Adult female. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. June 16, 1887. Collectedby Clarence B. Riker. Original number 2.Genus PERISSOTRICCUS OberholserOrchilus atricapillus LawrenceIbis (3) 5: 385, July 1875.
=Perissotriccus atricapillus (Lawrence). See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5: 339, 1927.34811. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June12, 1869. Collected by Julian Carmiol.64660. Adult male. "Costa Rica" (not Volcan de Irazu). Entered intothe museum register on November 4, 1873. Collected by Jose C.Zeledon. Original number 337. Received from William M. Gabb.Because Lawrence, at the original description, referred to "Prof. Gabb, ofthe Talamanca Expedition," numerous authors have stated that No. 64660came from "Talamanca." In fact, it was one of a lot of birds labeled asfrom "Costa Rica," a very few of which have an additional locality, either"Talamanca" or "San Jose." Since a specimen with original number 352is from "San Jose," it is very probable that No. 64660 (original number 337)is likewise from that neighborhood.
TrPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 293Genus PSEUDOTRICCUS Taczanowski and von BerlepschPseudotriccus pelzelni berlepschi NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (21) : 1, February 26, 1913.238137. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,200 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. April 23, 1912.Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15578. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus PHYLLOSCARTES Cabanis and HeineHemitriccus pammictus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 64, August 30, 1902.
=Phylloscartes pammictus (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 353, 1927.23967. Adult (sex not indicated). "South America (Cruise of the Dela-ware) "=State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 1841 or 1842. Collectedby G. R. B. Homer. Received from the National Institute.The U.S.S. Delaware, in the course of the cruise in question, visited, onthe South American mainland, only. Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo (seeHorner, Medical topography of Brazil and Uruguay, Philadelphia, 1845).Genus CAPSIEMPIS Cabanis and HeineElainea semiflava LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 177 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
=Capsiempis flaveola semiflava (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5: 357, 1927.40361. Adult male. David, Department of Chiriqui, Panama. March1865. Collected by Fred Hicks.Capsiempis flaveola cerula WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 98 (4) : 6, March 10, 1939.352009. Adult male. Independencia, Ocumare de la Costa, State of Ara-gua, Venezuela. October 28, 1937. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 9714.Genus SPIZITORNIS OberholserRegulus plumulosus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 94, "pi. XXV, fig. 4,"1848.
=Spizitornis parulus parulus (von Kittlitz). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 370, 371, 1927.
294 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22115218. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Valparaiso, Province of Aconca-gua, Chile. May 28, 1839. Collected by Titian R. Peale. Originalnumber 158. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Spizitornis parulus lippus WetmoreUniv. California Publ. Zool. 21 (12) : 336, June 16, 1923.116157. Adult (sex not indicated). Mayne Harbor (lat. 51?19' S., long.74?06' W.), Evans Island, Owens Islands, Territory of Magallanes,Chile. February 5, 1888. Collected by naturalists of the U.S. FishCommission Steamer Albatross. Received from the U.S. FishCommission. Genus UROMYIAS HeUmayrAnaeretes agraphia ChapmanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32 : 263, December 31, 1919.=Uromyias agraphia (Chapman). See Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov.1095: 10, 1940.273008. Adult female. Above Idma (at elev. 9,000 feet), near SantaAna, Department of Cuzco, Peru. October 10, 1915. Collected byEdmund Heller. Original number 588. Yale University-National Geo-graphic Society Peruvian Expedition.Genus MECOCERCULUS SclaterOchthoeca rufimarginata acrophila OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 61, August 30, 1902.
=Mecocerculus leucophrys rufomarginatus (Lawrence). See Zimmer,Amer. Mus. Nov. 1095: 16, 1940.32915. Adult male. "Rio Napo," Ecuador. Entered into the museumregister in March 1864. Received from the Maison Verreaux.Mecocerculus stictopterus euplastus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 63, August 30, 1902.
=Mecocerculus stictopterus taeniopterus Cabanis. See Zimmer, Amer.Mus. Nov. 1095:17,1940.159818. Adult male. Hacienda "Marainioc," Department of Junin, Peru.September 1, 1892. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Original number1736. Received from the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.Serpophaga leucura LawrenceIbis (3)5: 384, pi. 9, fig. 2, July 1875.
=Mecocerculus calopterus (Sclater and Salvin). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5 :399, 1927.77957. Adult (sex not indicated) . "Ecuador." Entered into the museumregister on May 21, 1879. Received from the Wesleyan UniversityMuseum, Middletown, Connecticut.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 295Genus ELAENIA SundevallElaenia flavogaster crislula WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 121 (2) : 22, December 2, 1952.445281. Adult male. Taboga Island (in the Bay of Panama off the Pacificentrance of the Panama Canal), Province of Panama, Panama. March16, 1952. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo.Original number 17311.Elaenia flavogaster silvicultrix WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 51, March 11, 1946.376315. Adult male. San Jose Island, Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama,Panama. February 18, 1944. Collected by Alexander Wetmore andJoseph P. E. Morrison. Original number 11980.Elainea cinerescens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7 : 180, September 1, 1884.
=Elaenia martinica cinerescens Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 410, 1927.97849. Adult male. Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea off Nicaragua.April 4-9, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and Willard Nye, Jr.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.97848. Adult female. Same data as No. 97849.Each of these cotypes was originally preserved in alcohol.Elainea Chiriquensis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 176 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
=Elaenia chiriquensis chiriquensis Lawrence. See Helhnayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 5 : 420, 1927.40352. Adult male. David, Department of Chiriqui, Panama. March1865. Collected by Fred Hicks.40353. Adult female. David, Department of Chiriqui, Panama. March1865. Collected by Fred Hicks.Elainea Frantzii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 172 (not earlier than October 23),1865.
=Elaenia obscura frantzii Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 427, 1927.39047. Adult (sex not indicated) . San Jose, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Entered into the museum register on June 26, 1865. Collectedby Alexander von Frantzius. Original number 135.Elaenia frantzii stolzmanni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 116, September 6, 1906.
=Elaenia obscura obscura (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye). See Zimmer,Amer. Mus. Nov. 1108: 15, 1941.500936?61 20
296 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUIVI BULLETIN 22188441. Adult female. Tambillo, Department of Cajamarca, Peru. Sep-tember 11, 1877. Collected by Jean {not "F.") Stolzmann. Originalnumber 442. Received from Hans von Berlepsch (in whose privatecollection it was No. 4151) , who acquired it from Ladislas Taczanowski.Myopagis yucatanensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 172, September 25, 1901.
=^Elaenia viridicata placens Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 437, 438, 1927.167552. Immature (not adult) female. La Vega, State of Yucatan,Mexico. March 22, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Ed-ward A. Goldman. Original number 7871. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Myiopagis placens jaliscensis NelsonAuk 17 (3): 264, July 1900.
=Elaenia viridicata jaliscensis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 438, 1927.156022. Adult male. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March 18,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3908. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Myiopagis placens minimus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 9, January 27, 1898.
=Elaenia viridicata minima (Nelson) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 5 : 438, 1927.156817. Adult male, Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 10, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4343. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus SUIRIRI d'OrbignySuiriri improvisa WetmoreAuk 41 (4) : 595, October 3, 1924.
=Suiriri suiriri (Vieillot). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 5 : 443 (footnote a) , 1927.284899. Adult female. Tapia, Province of Tucuman, Argentina. April 9,1921. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number 6435.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus PHAEOMYIAS von BerlepschPhaeomyias murina eremonoma WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 7, December 17, 1953.400534. Adult male. On the Rio Santa Maria, four miles north of Paris,Province of Herrera, Panama. February 24, 1948. Collected by Alex-ander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo, Original number 13500.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 297Genus CAMPTOSTOMA SclaterOmithion pusilluni suhflavum CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 28, Mar. 25, 1892.
=Camptostoma obsoletum flaviventre Sclater and Salvin. See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas, 5 : 460, 1927.124617. Adult female. Pozo Azul de Pirris (a region of heavy forest onthe Rio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean),Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. May 8, 1891. Collected by Cecil F.Underwood. Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, whereit was No. 5980.Camptostoma obsoletum orphnum WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 70, July 8, 1957.460918. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. January 29, 1956. Collected by AlexanderWetmore. Original number 20521.Ornithion napaeuni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 520, Aug. 6, 1888.=Camptostoma obsoletum napaeum (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 5: 458, 1927.112271. Adult female. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of themouth of the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. July 9, 1887. Col-lected by Clarence B. Riker.Genus XANTHOMYIAS von BerlepschMecocerculus subtropicalis ChapmanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 262, Dec. 31, 1919.
=Xanthomyias sclateri subtropicalis (Chapman). See Zimmer, Amer.Mus. Nov. 1109: 16, 1941.273007. Adult male. San Miguel Bridge (elev. 6,000, not 5,000 feet),near Machu Picchu, Department of Cuzco, Peru. June 22, 1915.Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number 250. Yale University-National Geographic Society Peruvian Expedition.Genus PHYLLOMYIAS Cabanis and HeinePhyllomyias griseiceps quantulus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 8, Dec. 17, 1953.420014. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (elev. 1,800 feet). Provinceof Darien, Panama. June 1, 1912, Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 15783. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
298 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus TYRANNISCUS Cabanis and HeineE[laema]. viridiflava von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 274, 1844.
=Tyranniscus viridiflavus (von Tschudi). See Zimmer, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1109: 22, 1941.41921. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.Hellmayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5:474, 1927) states thata cotype of this form was seen by him at the Neuchatel Museum.Genus OREOTRICCUS RichmondPogonotriccus plumbeiceps LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(8): 267, December 1869.
=Oreotriccus plumbeiceps (Lawrence). See Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov.1126: 1, 1941.47105. Adult (sex not indicated). "Bogota," Colombia. Entered intothe museum register on June 1, 1867. Received from Allen A. Burton.Genus LEPTOPOGON CabanisL[eplopogon], superciliaris von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 275, 1844.=Leptopogon superciliaris superciliaris von Tschudi. See Zimmer, Amer.Mus. Nov. 1126:4,1941.41917. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru^Montaiia de Vitoc, Departmentof Junin (see Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5:485,1927). Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Received from theNeuchatel Museum.According to Zimmer {loc. cit.) , at least one cotype of this form is in thecollection of the Berlin Museum.Leptopogon amaurocephalus idius WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 71, July 8, 1957.460975. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. February 3, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wet-more. Original number 20587.Leptopogon amaurocephalus icastus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 187, Dec. 12, 1901.=Leptopogon amaurocephalus amaurochephalus von Tschudi. See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 5: 487, 488, 1927.173405. Adult male. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarica), Paraguay. July 23, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.Original number 177.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 299Genus MIONECTES CabanisMionectes olivaceus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9 (1-4) : 111, April 1868.
=Mionectes olivaceus olivaceus Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 494, 1927.42923. Adult male. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of the samename to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopes of theVolcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet, prob-ably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 335, 1910), Provinceof Alajuela, Costa Rica. February 26, 1866. Collected by JulianCarmiol.33421. Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. January 20, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol. Originalnumber 6. Genus PIPROMORPHA G. R. GrayMionectes semischistaceus CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 27, Mar. 25, 1892.=Pipromorpha oleaginea assimilis (Sclater) . See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 5 : 500 (footnote a) , 1927.124616. Adult female. Guayabal, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Feb-ruary 24, 1891. Collected by Cecil F. Underwood. Received from theMuseo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 6432.Famify PITTIDAE: PittasGenus PITTA VieillotPitta irena ripleyi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 55, Mar. 11, 1946.=PiUa guajana ripleyi Deignan. See Delacour, Birds of Malaysia, pp.190, 191, 1947.333828. Adult male. Khao Soi Dao (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?50' E.),Trang Province, peninsular Siam. January 1, 1934. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 6826.Pitta coronata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 89, "pi. XXiv, fig. 3,"1848.
=Pitta sordida cucullata Hartlaub. See Sclater, Catalogue of the birdsin the British Museum 14: 442, 443, 1888; Chasen, Handlist of Malay-sian birds, p. 158, 1935.14465. Adult (sex not indicated). Singapore Island, Malaya. U.S. Ex-ploring Expedition (1838-1842).
300 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Pitta abbotti RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 298, Sept. 17, 1902.
=Pitta sordida abbotti Richmond, fide Deignan MS.178566. Adult male. Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Ben-gal northwest of Sumatra. March 30, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Pitta nioluccensis lepla OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 8, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Pitta brachyura moluccensis (P. L. S. Miiller). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:371-372, 1944; Deignan, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.186:262,263, 1945.179801. Adult male. Siaba Bay, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean o3 Sumatra. March 15, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott. Fami/j ALAUDIDAE: LarksGenus ALAUDA LinnaeusAlauda blakistoni StejnegerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2 : 98, Apr. 10, 1884.=Alauda arvensis pekinensis Swinhoe. See Hartert, Vogel der palaark-tischen Fauna 1 (3) : 248, 1905.92658. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. April 19, 1883. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1995.92660. Adult female. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District,Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. May 20, 1883. Collected by LeonhardH. Stejneger. Original number 2046.Genus MIRAFRA HorsfieldMirafra Candida FriedmannAuk 47 (3) : 418, July 3, 1930.246221. Adult male. Northern Uaso Nyiro River (near Archer's Post,Northern Frontier District), Kenya Colony. August 2, 1912. Col-lected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23386. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition.Mirafra pulpa FriedmannOccas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 257, Apr. 4 (not 2), 1930.246241. Adult male. Northern side of the Sagon River (at about lat,5?15' N., long. 37?20' E.), southwestern Ethiopia. May 19, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 21841. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition.Mirafra assamica subsessor DeignanZoologica, New York 26 (3) : 241, Oct. 31, 1941.313450. Adult female. Chiang Mai (elev. 1,000 feet), Chiang MaiProvince, northern Siam. November 24, 1928. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 2606.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 301Genus EREMOPHILA Brehm[Eremophila alpestris] "var. bei" Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 2: 141,142, January 1874.= Eremophila alpestris brandti (Dresser). See Opinion 448, Opinionsand Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoolog-ical Nomenclature 15 (13) : 227-228, 1957.56585. Adult male. Sarepta (near Stalingrad), Lower Volga Region,Russian S.F.S.R. February 20, 18? (not later than 1869) . Originalnumber 667. Received from Wilhehn Schliiter, a dealer of Halle ander Saale.Ridgway's name is older than Dresser's, but has been declared unavailable,because it is a German preposition misread by the author as a MS. name.Otocoris penicillata oreodrama OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key), 876, June 9, 1902.
=Eremophila alpestris diluta (Bowdler Sharpe). See Hellmayr, Publ.Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 17 (3) : 78, 1929; Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 1 (3) : 259, 1905.150222. Adult male. Tagdumbash Pamir (at elev. 12,000 feet), Sinkiang(near the point where it meets Afghanistan and Kashmir) . June 16,1894. Collected by William L. Abbott.Otocoris longirostris argalea OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key) , 871, June 9, 1902.
=Eremophila alpestris argalea (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Publ. FieldMus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 17 (3) : 76, 1929; Hartert and Steinbacher,Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Ergiinzungsband, p. 132, 1933.150218. Adult male. Suget Pass (about lat. 36? 10' N., long. 76?28' E.),at elev. 16,000 feet, Kashmir-Sinkiang boundary. July 28, 1893.Collected by William L. Abbott.Otocoris longirostris perissa OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key) , 869, June 9, 1902.=Eremophila alpestris longirostris (Moore) . See Hellmayr, Publ. FieldMus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 17 (3) : 72, 74, 1929; Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 1 (3) : 260, 1905.162845. Adult male. "Tsokr Chumo (lake)," Ladak District, Kashmir.July 11, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Otocoris alpestris arcticola OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key), 816, June 9, 1902.
=Eremophila alpestris arcticola (Oberholser). See A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.78565. Adult male. Fort Reliance (formerly on the Yukon River nearDawson), Yukon Territory, Canada. May 7, 1879. Collected byEdward W. Nelson. Original number 1204.
302 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Otocoris alpestris enthymia OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 807 (in key), 817, June 9, 1902.
=Eremophila alpestris enthymia (Oberholser) . See A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.175258. Adult male. Saint Louis, Prince Albert Electoral District,Province of Saskatchewan, Canada. April 10, 1893. Collected byEugene Coubeaux.Eremophila alpestris (Forst.), var. leucolsema CouesChecklist of North American birds, p. 125, 1874.=Eremophila alpestris leucolaema Coues. See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 64 : 450, 1947.85096. Adult male. Fort Randall, Gregory County, South Dakota.March 8, 1873. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 2745.Tlie first appearance of this name is usually supposed to be in Coues,Birds of the Northwest (p. 38, "1874"=1875) , but the reference given above,dated "1873" and actually published in 1874, has priority. Informationon the type may be found in Birds of the Northwest, p. 39.No. 85096 was presented to the museum of Brown University on May 6,1882, but was returned to the United States National Museum on November1,1897.O[tocorys]. alpestris arenieola HenshawAuk 1 (3) : 259, 263, 265, July 1884.=Eremophila alpestris leucolaema Coues. See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 24: 820, 1902; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and No-menclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.67009. Adult male. Denver, Denver County, Colorado. May 9, 1873.Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 30. Expeditionfor Exploration West of the 100th Meridian.351732. Adult male. Denver, Denver County, Colorado. May 9, 1873.Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 29. Expedition forExploration West of the 100th Meridian.Henshaw mentioned neither type nor type locality, but on page 263referred to "16 males" and gave the range of arenieola as "Great Basin ofUnited States and Rocky mountains." Many years later, at Ridgway's re-quest (see Birds of North and Middle America 4: 311 [footnote a], 1907),he selected No. 67009 as the type, and since his original series must have con-tained specimens of several different races, his choice of a Denver bird makesa useful restriction of type locality.No. 351732 lay in the collection without an entry number until September17, 1937. Inasmuch as its data are the same as for No. 67009, it is, frommy point of view, a cotype.Neither of these birds carries an original label: all data for No. 67009are in Ridgway's hand, and all for No. 351732 were written by Riley.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 3030[tocorys]. alpestris pralicola HenshawAuk 1 (3) : 258, 263, 264, July 1884.=Eremophila alpestris pralicola (Henshaw) . See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 24:825, 1902; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.90763. Adult male. Richland County, Illinois. May 16, 1883. Col-lected by Robert Ridgway. Received from Robert Ridgway, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.95583. Adult male. Gainesville, Cooke County, Texas. February 12,1884. Collected by George H. Ragsdale.90760. Adult female. Richland County, Illinois. May 25, 1883. Col-lected by Robert Ridgway. Received from Robert Ridgway, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.85417. Adult female. Pvlount Carmel, Wabash County, Illinois.December 20, 1874. Collected by Samuel S. Turner. Originalnumber 69.90761. Immature male? Richland County, Illinois. May 29, 1883.Collected by Robert Ridgway. Received from Robert Ridgway, ofwhose private collection it once formed part.90792. Immature female? Richland County, Illinois. May 16, 1883.Collected by Robert Ridgway. Received from Robert Ridgway, ofwhose private collection it once formed part.Olocorys alpestris giraudi HenshawAuk 1 (3) : 260, 263, 266, July 1884.=Eremophila alpestris giraudi (Henshaw). See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 24:831, 1902; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.73706. Adult male. Texas. 1871. Collected by George B. Sennett.Original number 7.73707. Adult female. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. March 29,1871. Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 108.The known proveniences for the collection of which these cotypes formedpart are Brownsville, Hidalgo, and Galveston. For a few specimens, amongwhich are No. 73706, not even the museum register gives definite localityor date, so there is no apparent authority for Henshaw's assertion that hismale type came from Corpus Christi. There is, however, a possibility thatthis information was acquired by correspondence with the collector.O[tocorys]. alpestris strigata HenshawAuk 1 (3) : 261, 264, 267, July 1884.=Eremophila alpestris strigata (Henshaw). See Behle, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 46:252, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.
304 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2218734. Adult male. Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington.April 15, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number 299.Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.8733. Adult female. Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington.March 20, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number285. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.103587. Adult female. Albany, Linn County, Oregon. January 22,1881. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Received from Henry W.Henshaw, of whose private collection it once formed part.A fourth cotype, No. 80477 from Yuba County, California, has not beenfound; it is perhaps representative of a race other than strigata.Olocoris alpestris alpina JewettAuk 60 (2) : 262, Apr. 5, 1943.=Eremophila alpestris alpina (Jewett). See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 54: 450, 1947.364874. Adult male. Mount Saint Helens (Arctic-Alpine Zone),Skamania County, Washington. June 10, 1941. Collected by Stan-ley G. Jewett, Sr. Original number 1016. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Otocoris alpestris sierrae OberholserCondor 22 (1) : 34, Jan. 26, 1920.=Eremophila alpestris sierrae (Oberholser). See Behle, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 46:246, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.203534. Adult male. Head of Pine Creek ("probably near presentBogard Ranger Station, some 25 miles east-northeast of Lassen Peak,"fide Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38: 285, 1932), LassenCounty, California. June 13, 1906. Collected by A. Sterling Bunnell.Original number 267. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.[Otocoris alpestris] insularis "Townsend" DwightAuk 7 (2) : 152, April 1890.Olocoris alpestris insularis TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 140, Sept. 9, 1890.=Eremophila alpestris insularis (Dwight). See Behle, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 46: 257, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.117674. Adult male. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. January 25, 1889, Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Dwight wrote: "Mr. C. H. Townsend has kindly loaned me a series of tenmale Horned Larks from the Santa Cruz group of Islands, California, in-cluding the type of the race he calls insularis." Townsend, not realizingthat he had been anticipated, later formally named insularis, with No.117674 as the type.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 305Otocoris alpestris actia OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key ) , 845, June 9, 1902.
==Eremophila alpestris actia (Oberholser). See Behle, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 46: 264, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64.: 450, 1947.133678. Adult male. Jacumba, San Diego County, California. May 23,1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 10920.Mexican-United States International Boundary Commission.Alauda rufa "Lath." AudubonBirds of America 7: 353, pi. 497, 1844.=Eremophila alpestris actia (Oberholser) . See Grinnel, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 286, 1932; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.2893. Adult (sex not indicated). "Western States"=Los Angeles, LosAngeles County, California? Collected by William Gambel? Receivedfrom Spencer F. Baird, in whose private collection it was No. 2893.All that is known or may be surmised of this specimen, traditionally atype of Alauda rufa Audubon, has been brought together by Grinnell {loc,cit. )
.
Otocoris alpestris enerlera OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 20: 41, Mar. 27, 1907.
=Eremophila alpestris enertera (Oberholser). See Behle, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 46: 279, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.196076. Adult male. Llano de Yrais (a plain on the eastern side ofMagdalena Bay at about lat. 24?40' N.), State of Baja California,Mexico. December 13, 1905. Collected by Edward W. Nelson andEdward A. Goldman. Original number 11866. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.O[tocorys]. alpestris rubeus HenshawAuk 1 (3) : 260, 263, 267, July 1884.
=^Eremophila alpestris rubea (Henshaw). See Behle, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 46:262, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.76599. Adult male. Marysville, Yuba County (not Stockton, San JoaquinCounty), California. February 1878. Collected by Lyman Belding.Grinnell (Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38: 285, 1932) has shown that No.76599 received erroneous data sometime after its reception in Washington,and that Belding himself (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1: 423, 1879) stated that ithad been taken at Marysville.Henshaw's female "cotype," No. 82413 from Santa Rosalia Bay, is anexample of E. a. enertera.Dwight (Auk 7: 151, 1890) has commented on a specimen of rubea. No.83968 from Placer County, California, marked by Ridgway as "Type !" Itis conceivable that Henshaw in fact described the female of rubea from this
306 "C-S- NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
example, but carelessly entered data from another specimen into his manu-script, and that this was known as a fact to Ridgway (of whose private col-lection the bird once formed part, and who wrote all the data on its oldestlabel), but at this date it is hardly possible to prove typeship for the PlacerCounty skin.Otocoris alpestris adusta DwightAuk 7 (2): 148, April 1890.=Eremophila alpestris adusta (Dwight). See Behle, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 46: 282, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and No-menclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.116918. Immature (sex not indicated) . Sulphur Spring, Cochise County,Arizona. August 18, 1874. Collected by? Johnson. Original number439. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Expeditionof 1874.Dwight's three other cotypes of this form are preserved in the Museum ofComparative Zoology, where they are Nos. 223555, 223575, and 223588.Otocoris alpestris ammophila OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key) , 849, June 9, 1902.=Eremophila alpestris ammophila (Oberholser). See Behle, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 46:271, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.139892. Adult male. Near Maturango Spring, Coso Valley, Inyo County,California. May 11, 1891. Collected by Theodore S. Palmer. DeathValley Expedition. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Otocoris alpestris leucansiptila OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key), 864, June 9, 1902.=Eremophila alpestris leucansiptila (Oberholser). See Behle, Univ. Cali-
' fornia Publ. Zool. 46:276, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.132970. Adult male. Yuma, Yuma County, Arizona. March 13, 1894.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns and Francis X. Holzner. Original num-ber 10352. Mexican-United States International Boundary Commission.Otocoris alpestris pallida "Townsend, MS." DwightAuk 7 (2): 154, April 1890.Otocoris alpestris pallida TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 138, Sept. 9, 1890.Chionophilos alpestris dwighti StresemannOrn. Monatsb. 30 (4) : 88, July 1, 1922.
=Eremophila alpestris leucansiptila (Oberholser). See Van Rossem,Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21: 164, 1945.117679. Adult male. Near mouth of Rio Colorado=Direction HiU, be-tween Adair Bay and the mouth of the Rio Colorado, State of Sonora,Mexico. March 26, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish Commission.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 307Dwight wrote: "Mr. C. H. Townsend has recently described a race fromLower California and kindly permitted me to examine his type." Townsend,not realizing that he had been anticipated, later formally named pallidawith No. 117679 as the type.Stresemann's dwighti is a renaming of Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwight,preoccupied by Phileremos pallidas Brehm, 1842, and is based upon thesame type specimen.Otocoris alpestris aphrasta OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key), 860, June 9, 1902.
=Eremophila alpestris aphrasta (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 9, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.165133. Adult male. Casas Grandes, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. May13, 1899. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 6478. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Otocoris alpestris diaphora OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 806 (in key), 829, June 9, 1902.
=Eremophila alpestris diaphora (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 10, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.158830. Adult male. Miquihuana, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. June8, 1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 5537. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Alauda minor GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 33,]1841.
=Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema (Wagler). See Oberholser, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 842, 844. 1902; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.47701. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Otocoris alpestris oaxacae NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 54, January 1897.=Eremophila alpestris oaxacae (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 10, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 450, 1947.145003. Adult male. San Mateo del Mar, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. May15, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2700. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
308 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221i^ami/j HIRUNDINIDAE: SwaUowsGenus HIRUNDO LinnaeusHirundo saturata "Stejneger, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 95, Aug. 2, 1883.=Hirundo rustica saturata Ridgway. See Vaurie, Amer. Mus. Nov.1694: 11, 1954.89165. Adult male. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District, Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. June 28, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H.Stejneger. Original number 1234.89166. Adult female. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District,Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. June 28, 1882. Collected by LeonhardH. Stejneger. Original number 1235.Hirundo rvistica insularis BurleighOccas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 11: 179, Mar. 4, 1942.364873. Adult male. Ship Island (16 miles southeast of Gulfport),Harrison County, Mississippi. June 4, 1938. Collected by Thomas D.Burleigh. Original number 5112 (not 5113). Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Hypiirolepis javanica hypolampra OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19): 515, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Hirundo tahitica abbotti (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 161 (footnote 2) , 1935.179936. Adult female. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 22, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Hypurolepis javanica abbotti OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist) , 32, June 30, 1917.
=Hirundo tahitica abbotti (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 161, 1935.171048. Adult male. Pulau Manguan, Anamba Islands, South ChinaSea. September 1, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hypurolepis javanica mesata OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 51, 1932.
=^Hirundo tahitica abbotti (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 161, 1935.174837. Adult male. Pulau Seraya, southern Natuna Islands, SouthChina Sea. May 29, 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hypurolepis javanica mallopega OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 515, Nov. 18, 1926.
=:Hirundo tahitica abbotti (Oberholser). See Hachisuka, Birds of thePhilippine Islands 2 (4) : 278, 279 (footnote 1), 1935.202219. Adult male. Mount Santo Tomas (at elev. 5,250 feet), BenguetSubprovince, Mountain Province, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 309December 31, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 14642.Petrochelidon albifrons hypopolia OberholserCanadian Field-Naturalist 33(5) : 95, Jan. 3, 1920.=Hirundo pyrrhonota hypopolia (Oberholser). See A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 62:444, 1945; Mayr andBond, Ibis 85: 339-341, 1943.195055. Adult male. Fort Norman (at the confluence of the Great BearRiver with the Mackenzie), District of Mackenzie, Northwest Terri-tories, Canada. June 11, 1904. Collected by Edward A. Preble.Original number 1830. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16:15, Feb. 21, 1903.=Hirundo pyrrhonota tachina (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 31, 1935; Mayr and Bond, Ibis 85: 339-341,1943.168271. Adult male. Langtry, Val Verde County, Texas. April 26, 1901.Collected by Harry C. Oberholser. Original number 180. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Petrochelidon fiilva pallida NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 211, Oct. 10, 1902.=Hirundo fulva pallida (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 35, 1935; Mayr and Bond, Ibis 85: 339-341, 1943.183703. Adult male. Saltillo, State of Coahuila, Mexico. April 17, 1902.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 8605. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Hirundo rufocollaris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 175, "pi. XLix, fig. 1,"1848.=Hirundo fulva rufocollaris Peale. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 35, 1935; Mayr and Bond, Ibis 85: 339-341, 1943.14999. Adult male. Near Callao, Province of Callao, Peru. July 12,1839. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Genus RIPARIA T. ForsterClivicola riparia maximiliani StejnegerU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 29: 378 (footnote), 1885.
=Riparia riparia riparia (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 63, 64, 1935.5597. Adult female. "E[ast]. of [Fort] Riley," Geary County, Kansas.June 17, 1856. Collected by William S. Wood. Original number 24.19544. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Simpson, District of Mackenzie,Northwest Territories, Canada. June 10, 1860. Collected by BernardR. Ross. Original number 432.
310 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22120641. Adult male. Hannah Bay River (entering James Bay from thesouth, east of Moose Factory) , Province of Ontario, Canada. June 9,1860. Collected by Constantin Drexler. Original number 102.27302. Adult (sex not indicated). "Youkon; mouth of Porcupine River"
=vicinity of Fort Yukon, northeastern Alaska. June 15, 18? (enteredinto the museum register in March 1863). Collected by James G.Lockhart. Original number 85.61664. Adult female. "Salt Lake 12 miles from Ogden," Weber County,Utah. June 10, 1872. Collected by F. W. Jaycox. Original number40.63574. Adult (sex not indicated). Provo, Utah County, Utah. June 23,1872. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw and Henry C. Yarrow. Orig-inal number 96. Explorations West of the 100th Meridian, Expeditionof 1872.83253. Adult male. Ipswich, Essex County, Massachusetts. May 20,1870. Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Received from Robert Ridg-way (in whose private collection it was apparently No. 4285), butearlier acquired by him from the national collection (at which timehe destroyed the older label, with the only record of its original museumnumber)
.
86546. Adult female. Nushagak (at the eastern side of Nushagak Bay,near the mouth of the Nushagak River), southwestern Alaska. June17, 1881. Collected by Charles L. McKay. Original number 20.86547. Adult male. Nushagak, southwestern Alaska. June 19, 1881.Collected by Charles L. McKay. Original number 20.89306. Adult (sex not indicated). Moose Factory (on the southern shoreof James Bay, near the mouth of the Moose River) , Province of Ontario,Canada. Entered into the museum register on December 26, 1882.Collected by Walton Haydon. Original number 53a.Clivicola riparia maximiliani has been treated as a simple renaming ofHirundo cinerea Vieillot, 1817, not [Hirundo] cinerea Gmelin, 1789, inwhich case Stejneger's types would be identical with Vieillot's. The latter'sname was given, however, to a European form (and was therefore misappliedby Stejneger) , while maximiliani was definitely bestowed upon "the Americanvariety."Stejneger examined 16 American specimens, each of which must be con-sidered a cotype. There are at this date in the museum 17 skins thatcertainly formed part of the collection in 1885, and it may be assumed thatyet others formerly existed. Since seven of these are clearly juveniles, itis unlikely that Stejneger would have used their measurements, and I havetreated as extant cotypes only the ten adults.Oberholser (Bird life of Louisiana, p. 407, 1938) has made No. 83253(not No. 8325) a lectotype; I interpret this action as no more than arestriction of type locality.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 311Riparia chineusis tantiUa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 147, Oct. 31, 1935.
=Riparia paludicola chineusis (J. E. Gray). See Mayr, in Delacour andMayr, Zoologica, New York 30: 111, 1945; Delacour, Birds of thePhilippines, p. 157, 1946.210794. Adult male. Laoag River (below Padsan), Province of IlocosNorte, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. January 18, 1907. Collectedby Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 14693.Genus PSALIDOPROCNE CabanisPsalidoprocne Petiti Bowdler Sharpein Bowdler Sharpe and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France 1 : 38, col. pi.2 (not earlier than July 7) , 1876.
=Psalidoprocne petiti petiti Bowdler Sharpe. See Sclater, Systema aviumaethiopicarum 2: 588, 1930.100580. Adult female. Landana, Territory of Cabinda, Congo District,Angola. 1876? Collected by Louis Petit, fils. Original number 124.Received from Richard Bowdler Sharpe.This form was based upon two equivalent cotypes, male and female,collected by Petit. At the original description neither dates nor localitiesare given, but since the male listed as "Type of species" by Bowdler Sharpe(Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10: 205, 1885) came fromLandana, we may suppose that the female had the same provenience. Nosuch female is listed by Sharpe (loc. cit.), and it is highly probable that ourbird represents the missing specimen.No. 100580 carries two similar tags. On one appears: " 9 /N? 124/"[with a pen] "Landana/Cote oc-Afr/" [with a stamp] ; on the other: "L,Petit, Aine [ ? ] /Naturaliste, Paris/" [with a stamp] "N? 283/" [with a pen]
.
For explanation of my accrediting the name solely to Bowdler Sharpe,see Sharpe's "History of the Collections contained in the Natural HistoryDepartments of the British Museum, Birds," (pp. 441^42, 1906).Genus STELGIDOPTERYX BairdHirundo serripeiinis AudubonOrnithological biography 4: 592, 593, 595, 1838.
=Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis (Audubon). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 8: 47, 1935.2899. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Charleston, Charleston County,South Carolina, Collected by John J. Audubon. Received from Spen-cer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J, Audubon.It is not possible to affirm how many cotypes of this form were possessedby Audubon. The specimen before me carries Audubon's original label,with the words "Hirundo serripennis./Charleston, S. Carolina." Baird haswritten upon his own label: "Type of Aud."500936?61 21
312 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Stelgidopteryx ridgwayi NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 174, Sept. 25, 1901.
=Stelgidopteryx ruficollis ridgwayi (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8 : 46, 1935.167947. Adult male. Chichen Itza, State of Yucatan, Mexico. January29, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7487. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Stelgidopteryx salvini RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 107, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Stelgidopteryx ruficollis fulvipennis (Sclater). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 8 : 45, 1935.30716. Adult male. Duefias (near Ciudad Guatemala Antigua), Depart-ment of Sacatepequez, Guatemala. October 17, 1859. Collected byOsbert Salvin. Original number 399. Received from Osbert Salvin.While the date on Salvin and Godman's label reads "Oct. 17, 1859," itmay be noted that specimens of this swallow from Duefias were taken in 1859only on July 17, if we are to credit Salvin and Sclater (Ibis 2: 31, 1860).[Stelgidopteryx] gutturalis BairdReview of American birds 1 : 314 (in key) , 461, May 1865.Stelgidopteryx fulvigula BairdReview of American birds 1 : 318, 461 (footnote 1) , May 1865.
=Stelgidopteryx ruficollis uropygialis (Lawrence). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 8: 42, 43, 1935.34677. Immature male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.June 6, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Hellmayr {op. cit.) has cited in his synonymy only Stelgidopteryxfulvigula. It should be noted that, not only has {Stelgidopteryx'\ gutturalispaginal priority, but Baird {op. cit.), in the footnote on page 461, has statedthat fulvigula was a mere lapsus calami for gutturalis.Genus PYGOCHELIDON BairdAtticora cyanoleuca, var. montana BairdReview of American birds 1 : 309 (in key) , 310, May 1865.
=Pygochelidon cyanoleuca cyanoleuca (Vieillot). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 8: 52, 55, 1935.34676. Adult female. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of thesame name to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopesof the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet,probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. April 16, 1864. Collected by JulianCarmiol.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 313Germs LAMPROCIIELIDON RidgwayHirundo euchrysia. (Var., dominicensis?) H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 11:95 (not earlier than May) 1867.
=Lamprochelidon euchrysia sclateri (Cory). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 81, 82, 1935.42447. Adult male. Port au Prince, Haiti, Island of Hispaniola. June 7,1866. Collected by A. E. Younglove. Original number 132.Genus CALLICHELIDON BairdHirundo cyaneoviridis H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 111 (not earlier than September) 1859.
=CallichelidoTi cyaneoviridis (Bryant). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8:80, 1935.11946. Adult (sex not indicated). Nassau, New Providence Island,Bahama Islands. April 1859. Collected by Henry Bryant. Receivedfrom Henry Bryant.According to Bangs (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 70:290, 1930), there arefive other cotypes. Four of these are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology(Nos. 46838, 46840, 46841, and one formerly in the private collection ofJohn E. Thayer) ; the fifth is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-delphia, where it is No. 15639.Genus TACHYCINETA CabanisTachycineta lepida MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15:31, Mar. 5, 1902.
=Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 287, 1932.133522. Adult male. "Campbell's ranch in the Laguna Mountains (CoastRange), 20 miles north of Campo," San Diego County, California.June 9, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 11014.Genus IRIDOPROCNE CouesPetrochelidon littorea SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1863, pt. 2: 189, August 1863.
=Iridoprocne albilinea albilinea (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 69, 1935.35039=30709 reentered. Adult male. San Jose de Guatemala, Depart-ment of Escuintla, Guatemala. January 1863. Collected by OsbertSalvin. Original number 393. Received from Osbert Salvin.Salvin's statement that "This Swallow frequents all the low rivers andsea-coasts of both oceans, from Belize to Colon on the Atlantic, and fromSoconosco to Panama on the Pacific" indicates that our No. 35039 is but
314 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
one of many cotypes. Although Bowdler Sharpe has affirmed that a malefrom British Honduras is the type (Catalogue of the birds in the BritishMuseum 10:631, 1885), it should be noted that Salvin himself wrote thewords "Type specimen" upon the label of our No. 35039 some time priorto December 1863, when it was entered into the museum register.Genus PROGNE BoieProgne subis floridana MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 918, June 2, 1902.=Progne subis subis (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 11, 1935.176800. Adult female. Lake Kissimmee, Osceola or Polk County, Florida.April 1, 1901. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number12399.Progne cryptoleuca BairdReview of American birds 1 : 273 (in key) , 277, May 1865.^Progne subis cryptoleuca Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 13, 14, 1935.34242. Adult male. Remedios, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba. May1864. Collected by Nathaniel H. Bishop.Progne sinaioae NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 59, Mar. 24, 1898.=Progne (subis?) sinaloae Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 16, footnote 1, 1935.157171. Adult male. Plomosas, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. July 18, 1897.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 4678. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Progne leucogaster BairdReview of American birds 1 : 274 (in key) , 280, May 1865.
=Progne chalybea chalybea (Gmelin) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 16, 18, 1935.30718. Adult male. Cahabon ("a small village on the river of the samename . . . about forty miles northeast of Cohan," fide Griscom, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 64:414, 1932), Department of Alta Vera Paz,Guatemala. March 1862. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 363. Received from Osbert Salvin.30717. Adult female. Duenas (near Ciudad Guatemala Antigua), De-partment of Sacatepequez, Guatemala. October 1861. Collected byOsbert Salvin. Original number 4480. Received from Osbert Salvin.Progne elegans BairdReview of American birds 1: 274 (in key) , 275 (footnote 1), May 1865.=Progne modesta elegans Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 21, 1935.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 31521009. Immature male. Bermejo River, Territory of Formosa or theChaco, Argentina (not Paraguay). February 1860. Collected byChristopher Wood. Original number 32. Second U.S. Survey of theRio Parana (1859-1860).21010. Adult female. Same data as No. 21009.21011. Immature female. Same data as No. 21009.Progne furcata BairdReview of American birds 1: 273 (in key) , 278 (footnote 1), May 1865.=Progne modesta elegans Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 21, 22, 1935.9112. Adult male. Chile. Entered into the museum register on February17, 1858. Received from the Maison Verreaux.Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE: Cuckoo-shrikesGenus CORACINA VieillotArtamides sumatrensis messeris OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 517, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Coracina striata sumatrensis (S. Miiller). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 181, 1935; Ripley, Auk 58: 382, 1941.169789. Adult male. Ban Na Klua (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?30' E.),Province of Trang, peninsular Thailand. March 3, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Artamides sumatrensis nesiarchus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 517, Nov. 18, 1926.=Coracina striata sumatrensis (S. Miiller). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, pp. 181, 182 (footnote 1), 1935; Ripley, Auk 58: 382,1941.180225. Adult male. Pulau Parit (lat. 0?57' N., long. 103?27' E.) , RiouwArchipelago, Strait of Malacca. June 11, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Artamides sumatrensis halistephis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 14, Oct. 26, 1912.=Coracina striata sumatrensis (S. Miiller) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 373-374, 1944.179896. Adult male. South Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. December 13, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Graucalus simalurensis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 513, Feb. 4, 1903.
=Coracina striata simalurensis (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 373, 1944.179215. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 19, 1901. Collected by Wilham L.Abbott.
316 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Graucalus babiensis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 513, Feb. 4, 1903.
=Coracina striata babiensis (Richmond) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 373, 1944.179220. Adult female. Pulau Babi, Tapah Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 13, 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Arlamides sumatrensis calopolius OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist) , 34, June 30, 1917.
=Coracina striata bungurensis (Hartert). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 182, 1935; Ripley, Auk 58: 382, 1941.171023. Immature (not adult) female. Pulau Mata, Anamba Islands,South China Sea. August 29, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus EDOLISOMA PucheranMalindangia mcgregori MeamsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 355, October 1907.
=Edolisoina mcgregori (Mearns). See Hachisuka, Birds of the Philip-pine Islands 2 : 356, 1935.210787. Adult male. Summit of Mount Lebo (Mount Bliss), a spur ofMount Malindang, Misamis Province, Mindanao Island, PhilippineIslands. May 21 (not 20), 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 14178.Celebesia abbotti RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31 : 158, Dec. 30, 1918.
=Edolisoma abbotti (Riley). See Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn. 88: 125,1940.252125. Adult male. Rano Rano (a village at about lat. 1?30' S., long.120? 19' E.), central Celebes. December 12, 1917. Collected by HarryC. Raven. Original number 4752.Edolisoma tenuirostre nisorium MayrAuk 67 (1): 104, Jan. 30, 1950.405431. Immature male. Pavuvu Island, Russell Group, Solomon Islands,Oceania. October 25, 1944. Collected by Sammy M. Ray. Originalnumber 68. Genus VOLVOCIVORA HodgsonVolvocivora korateiisis Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (2) : 193, Apr. 9, 1918.
=VolvocivGra melaschista intermedia Hume. See Delacour, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1497:8,1951.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 317279997. Subadult female. Sathani Lat Bua Khao (lat. 14?50' N., long.101?35' E.), Province of Nakhon Ratchasima, ThaUand. October 11(not November) , 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Gampephaga compta RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 514, Feb. 4, 1903.
=Volvocivora fimbriata compta (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 374, 1944.179222. Subadult female. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. November 28, 1901. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott. Genus LALAGE BoieLalage nigra empheris OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 15, Oct. 26, 1912.=Lalage nigra nigra (Forster). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94:375, 1944.180884. Adult male. Telok Beluku, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 2, 1905. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Perissolalage chalepa OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 182, Nov. 2, 1917.
=Lalage sueurii sueurii (Vieillot). See Mayr and Ripley, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1116:2,3, 1941.181577. Immature (not adult) female. Pulau Solombo Besar, easternJava Sea. December 4, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Lalage woodi Wetmorein Wood and Wetmore, Ibis (12) 1 (4) : 845, pi. 26, Oct. 7, 1925.
^=Lalage maculosa woodi Wetmore. See Mayr and Ripley, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1116:8, 1941.277347. Adult male. Taviuni Island, Fiji Islands, Oceania. November26, 1923. Collected by A. H. Martin, for Casey A. Wood. Originalnumber 236.Colluricincla maculosa PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 81, "pi. xxiii, fig. 1,"1848.
=Lalage maculosa maculosa (Peale). See Wetmore, in Wood and Wet-more, Ibis (12) 1: 847-848, 1925; Mayr and Ripley, Amer. Mus. Nov.1116:5-6, 1941.14845. Adult male. Upolu Island, Samoan Islands, Oceania. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Peale based his maculosa upon a composite series of five immature skinsfrom the Fiji Islands and an adult male from Upolu. Wetmore has shown{loc. cit.) that, since the description was drawn from the adult, Peale's namemust be restricted to the Upolu race.
318 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus TEPHRODORNIS SwainsonTephrodornis gularis jugans DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 13, Mar. 4, 1948.330959. Adult male. Doi Langka=Khao Pha Cho (lat. 19?00' N., long.99?25' E.), northwestern Thailand. November 17, 1930. Collectedby Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 4353.Tephrodornis pondiceriana orientis DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 14, Mar. 4, 1948.361171. Adult male. Krongpha (lat. 11?49' N., long. 108?42' E.),Province of Phanrang, southern Annam. November 1939. Collectedby Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 933.Genus PERICROCOTUS BoiePericrocotus cinereus intermedius ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 474, June 15, 1907.
=Pericrocotus divaricatus divaricatus (Rafl3es), fide Deignan (MS.).114253. Adult male. Seoul, Province of Kyonggi, Korea. June 10,1883. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1081.Pericrocotus japonicus StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 649, Mar. 9, 1887.
=Pericrocotus divaricatus divaricatus (Raffles), fide Deignan (MS.).109349. Adult male. Amagi San (lat. 34?52' N., long. 139?00' E.),Prefecture of Shizuoka, Honsiu Island, Japan. May 1, 1885. Receivedfrom the Tokyo Educational Museum.Pericrocotus tegimae StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 648, Mar. 9, 1887.
=Pericrocotus divaricatus tegimae Stejneger, fide Deignan (ms.).109476. Adult male. Liu Kiu Island (Okinawa Island), Liu Kiu Islands(Ryukyu Islands), East China Sea. March 11, 1886. Collected byMotoyoshi Namiye. Received from the Tokyo Educational Museum.Pericrocotus peregrinus thai DeignanJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 37(7) : 254, July 15, 1947.
=Pericrocotus cinnamomeus thai Deignan, fide Deignan (ms.).336383. Adult female. Amphoe Chom Thong=Ban Luang (lat. 18?25'N., long. 98?40' E.), Province of Chiang Mai, northwestern Thailand.February 9, 1937. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Originalnumber 2315.Pericrocotus peregrinus separatus DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 37 (7) : 255, July 15, 1947.
=Pericrocotus cinnamomeus separatus Deignan, fide Deignan (ms.).173102. Adult male. Tanjong Badak (lat. 10?06, N., long. 98?31' E.),Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma. January 8, 1900.Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECmiENS OF BIRDS 319Pericrocotus peregrinus sacerdos RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53; 131, Nov. 8, 1940.
^Pericrocotus cinnamomeus sacerdos Riley, fide Deignan (ms.).360788. Adult male. Sambor (lat. 12?53' N., long. 105?04' E.), Prov-ince of Kompong Thom, Cambodia. January 1940. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1341.Pericrocotus igneus trophis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 14, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Pericrocotus cinnamomeus trophis Oberholser, fide Deignan (ms.).179224. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 8, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Pericrocotus griseogularis GouldProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1862, pt. 3 : 282, February 1863.
=^Pericrocotus Solaris griseogularis Gould. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Hand-list of the Japanese birds, ed. 3, p. 50, 1942.37804. Adult male. "N. Formosa"="the neighbourhood of Tainsuy,"fide Swinhoe, Ibis 5:205, 1863. April 1862. Collected by RobertSwinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram.37814. Adult female. "N. Formosa." April 1862. Collected by RobertSwinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram.Other cotypes of this form are the adult male and adult female listed byBowdler Sharpe (Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 4: 83, 1879)and the pair listed by Tristram (Catalogue of a collection of birds belong-ing to H. B. Tristram, p. 187, 1889). These last are not the same as theWashington specimens, which were entered into the museum register asearly as May 18, 1865.Pericrocotus Solaris deignani RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 47, Apr. 19, 1940.358855. Adult female. Lang Bian Peaks, Province of Haut-Donai,southern Annam. June 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock.Original number 216.Pericrocotus Solaris nassovicus DeignanAuk 55 (3): 509, July 12, 1938.324499. Adult male. Khao Kuap (lat. 12?25' N., long. 102?50' E.),Province of Trat, southeastern Thailand. December 24, 1929. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 3558.Pericrocotus flammeus suchitrae DeignanAuk 63 (4) : 530, Oct. 25, 1946.
=Pericrocotus flammeus semiruber Whistler and Kinnear, fide Deignan(MS.).324493. Adult male. Doi Khun Tan (lat. 18?30' N., long. 99?20' E.),northwestern Thailand. October 23, 1929. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 3430.
320 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Pericrocotus andamanensis minythomelas OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 14, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Pericrocotus flammeus minythomelas Oberholser. See Deignan, Auk63:527, 1946.179226. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 12, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Pericrocotus flammeus insulanus DeignanAuk 63 (4) : 528, Oct. 25, 1946.191587. Adult [female]. Mount Kinabalu (at about 6,000 feet), BritishNorth Borneo. April-May 1904. Collected by George A. (not H.)Goss and H. D. Dodge.Fami/j DICRURIDAE: DrongosGenus DICRURUS VieillotDicrurus modestus atactus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 35, Oct. 9, 1899.
=Dicrurus adsimilis atactus Oberholser. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat.Hist. 93:230, 1949.147202. Adult (sex not indicated) . "Fantee"=interior of the Gold Coast.Entered into the museum register on August 16, 1895. Collected by(or for) Herbert T. Ussher. Received as part of the collection ofAdolphe Boucard.Buchanga aldabrana RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 597, Aug. 16, 1893 (advance sheet).
=Dicrurus aldabranus (Ridgway). See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 93:231, 1949.128719. Adult male. Aldabra Island, Aldabra Islands, western IndianOcean north of Madagascar. October 8, 1892. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Dicrurus annectens siamensis Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (2) : 226, Apr. 9, 1918.=Dicrurus macrocercus cathoecus Swinhoe. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 239, 1949.278613. Adult male. Ko Lak=Prachuap Khiri Khan (lat. 11?50' N.,long. 99?50' E.), Province of Prachuap Khiri Khan, southwesternThailand. November 10, 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.278614. Adult female. Ko Lak=Prachuap Khiri Khan, Province ofPrachuap Khiri Khan, southwestern Thailand. November 15, 1916.Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.With four specimens before him, Boden Kloss made these two "Types."Dicrurus leucophaeus rocki RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 : 132, Nov. 8, 1940.
=Dicrurus leucophaeus bondi Meyer de Schauensee. See Vaurie, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 252, 1949.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 321360828. Adult male. Arbre Broye, Province of Haut-Donai, southernAnnam. October 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Originalnumber 819.Dicrurus leucogenis diporus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 15, Oct. 26, 1912.=DicTurus leucophaeus periophthalmicus (Salvadori). See Vaurie, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 93 : 259, 260, 1949.179821. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. November 14, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Dicrurus cineraceus celaenus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 15, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Dicruriis leucophaeus leucophaeus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 260, 261, 262-263, 1949.179248. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 27, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dicrurus balicassius mindorensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 437, May 22, 1909.
=DicruTus balicassius balicassius (Linnaeus). See Vaurie, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 275, 276, 1949.202009. Adult male. "Mangyan house, beyond Camp no. 4"=MountHalcon (at elev. 3,000 feet), Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands.November 30, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original num-ber 14514.Dicruropsis montana RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 94, May 20, 1919.
=Dicrurus montanus (Riley). See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.93:291-292, 1949.252150. Adult male. Tuwo (a mountain at lat. 1?45' S., long. 120? 16'E.), Besoa District, central Celebes. October 28, 1917. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 4586.Dicruropsis pectoralis sirensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 198, Nov. 2, 1917.
=Dicrurus holtentottus leucops Wallace. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 93:302, 1949.181510. Adult female. Pulau Mata Siri (lat. 4?48' S., long. 115?48' E.),Laurot Islands, eastern Java Sea. December 8, 1907. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Dicruropsis pectoralis solombensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 184, Nov. 2, 1917.
=Dicrurus holtentottus jentincki (Vorderman) . See Vaurie, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 303, 1949.181512. Adult female. Pulau Solombo Besar, eastern Java Sea. Decem-ber 4, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.
322 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Chibia cagayanensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 447, May 22, 1909.
=Dicrurus hottentottus palawanensis Tweeddale. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 311, 312, 1949.191894. Adult female. Cagayan Sulu, an island in the Sulu Sea off BritishNorth Borneo. February 26, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 13285.Chibia menagei Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 : 15, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Dicrurus hottentottus menagei (Bourns and Worcester). See Vaurie,Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 313, 1949.316193. Adult male. Badajos, Tablas Island, Romblon Province, Philip-pine Islands. September 18, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcesterand Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library,which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences,where it was No. 1600 of the Menage Collection.316367. Adult female. Badajos, Tablas Island, Romblon Province, Philip-pine Islands. September 18, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcesterand Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library,which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences,where it was No. 1607 of the Menage Collection.Although Bourns and Worcester had a series of at least nine males andat least seven females, these two specimens alone bear the word "type."Dissemiirus paratliseiis niallomicrus OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 518, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Dicrurus paradiseus malaharicus (Latham), fide Deignan (ms.).178660. Adult male. Hastings Island (lat. 10?05' N., long. 98?18' E.),Mergui Archipelago, Andaman Sea off southern Burma. December 11,1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Disseniunis paradiseus hypoballus OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 518, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Dicrurus paradiseus paradiseus (Linnaeus), fide Deignan (ms.).153820. Adult male. *'Prahmon"=Ban Phra Muang (lat. 7?20' N., long.99?30' E.), Province of Trang, peninsular Thailand. April 1, 1896.Collected by William L. Abbott.Disseniurus paradiseus niessatius OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 519, Nov. 18, 1926.=Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 93: 321, 1949.170451, Adult male. Selitar, Singapore Island, Malaya. May 29, 1899.Collected by William L. Abbott.Disseniurus paradiseus siakensis OberholserJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 519, Nov. 18, 1926.=DicruTus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 93: 321, 1949.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 323181264. Adult male. Siak River (of which the mouth is at about lat.1?12' N., long. 102?00' E.), eastern Sumatra. December 22, 1906.Collected by William L. Abbott.Dissemurus paradiseus colpiotes OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 520, Nov. 18, 1926.^=Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat.Hist. 93:321, 1949.179245. Adult male. "Loh Sidoh Bay"=Sidoh Bay (lat. 5^21' N., long.95?15' E.), northwestern Sumatra. November 6, 1901. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Dissemurus paradiseus olizurus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 15, Oct. 26, 1912.=Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 93: 321, 322, 1949.179242. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 19, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dissemurus paradiseus pachistus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 16, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 93:321,322, 1949.179239. Adult male. Pulau Lasia, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 5, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dissemurus paradiseus elassopterus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 16, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat.Hist.93:321, 322, 1949.179238. Adult male. Pulau Babi, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. January 11, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dissemurus paradiseus adelphus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 15, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Dicrurus paradiseus platurus Vieillot. See Vaurie, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 93: 321, 322-323, 1949.180883. Adult male. Teliwaa, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 5, 1905. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dissemurus paradiseus microlophus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist) , 59, June 30, 1917.=Dicrurus paradiseus microlophus (Oberholser). See Vaurie, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 93: 320-321, 1949.171074. Adult male. Pulau Jimaja, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.September 21, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.
324 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dissemurus paradiseus endoniychus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 98, 1932.
=Dicrurus paradiseus microlophus (Oberholser). See Vaurie, Bull.Araer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 93:320,321, 1949.174725 {not 174723). Adult male. Pulau Lingung, northern NatunaIslands, South China Sea. June 17, 1900. Collected by William L.Abbott. Fam% ORIOLIDAE: OriolesGenus ORIOLUS LinnaeusOriolus nigrostriatus Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 16, Dec. 8, 1894.
=^Oriolus xanthonotus steerii Bowdler Sharpe. See McGregor, Manual ofPhilippine birds, p. 698, 1909; Delacour, Birds of the Philippines, p.254, 1946.316190. Adult male? Palanog, Masbate Island, Masbate Subprovince,Sorsogon Province, Philippine Islands. November 6, 1892. Collectedby Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Min-neapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the Minnesota Academyof Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1705 of the Menage Collection.316191. Adult male. Palanog, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands. No-vember 6, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1704of the Menage Collection.316192. Adult (sex not indicated). Palanog, Masbate Island, PhilippineIslands. Nov. 6, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S.Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas part of the Menage Collection, number unknown.Bourns and Worcester named this form from "Negros, Masbate," in ig-norance of Bowdler Sharpe's earlier naming of Oriolus steerii from Negros(not Basilan, as they supposed). Although they included Negros in therange of their nigrostriatus, they had seen no material from that island,but derived their information from the fact that Sharpe had reported asimilar bird from there.Oriolus chinensis invisus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 79, June 28, 1940.359268. Adult male. Dran, Phanrang Province, southern Annam. July1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 387.Oriolus indicus ochroxanthus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 5, Jan. 27, 1925.=Oriolus chinensis diffusus Bowdler Sharpe. See Austin, Bull. Mus.Comp.Zool. 101:178, 1948.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 325114413. Adult male. Near Seoul, Province of Kyonggi, Korea. June 17,1883. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1104.Oriolus maculatus eustictus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 31, July 30, 1926.
=Oriolus chinensis macrouriis Blyth, fide Deignan (ms.).178642. Adult male. Car Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengalnorthwest of Sumatra. January 24, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Oriolus mundus RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 517, Feb. 4, 1903.
=Oriolus chinensis mundus Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 378, 1944.179268. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 19, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Oriolus maculatus richmondi OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 16, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Oriolus chinensis richmondi Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 378, 1944.179886. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. December 31, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Oriolus maculatus lamprochryseus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 186, Nov. 2, 1917.
=^Oriolus chinensis lamprochryseus Oberholser. See Chasen, A Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 300, 1935.181523. Adult male. Pulau Solombo Besar, eastern Java Sea. Decem-ber 4, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Oriolus frontalis WallaceProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1862, pt. 3: 340, pi. 40, February 1863.
=Oriolus chinensis frontalis Wallace. See Mathews, Systema aviumaustralasianarum, p. 858, 1930; Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn. 88: 19,1940.95736. Adult male. Sula Mangola or Sula Besi Island, Sula Islands,Molucca Sea east of Celebes. 1861. Collected by?Allen, for Alfred R.Wallace. Received from the British Museum.98191. Adult female. Sula Mangola or Sula Besi Island, Sula Islands,Molucca Sea east of Celebes. 1861. Collected by ? Allen, for AlfredR. Wallace. Received from the British Museum.These skins are two of the seven with identical data listed by BowdlerSharpe in the Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 3: 205, 1877.Although Sharpe refers to specimen a as "Type of species," I find nothingin Wallace's original description to prevent treatment of each of the fiveadults as equivalent cotypes.
326 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family CORVIDAE: Crows, Magpies, JaysGenus CORVUS LinnaeusCorvus leptonyx PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 105, "pi. xxix," 1848.=Corvus corax leptonyx Peale. See Hartert, Vogel der palaarktischenFauna 1 (1) : 6 (footnote 1), 1903.15745. Adult female. Near Funchal, Madeira Island, Madeira Islands,eastern Atlantic Ocean off Morocco. September 1838. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Material available to me in Washington does not permit me definitely toallocate this name, of which the type was a mere straggler to Madeira.Hartert {loc. cit.) has suggested that it may represent any one of threesubspecies more recently named: tingitanus Irby, 1874, canariensis Hartertand Kleinschmidt, 1901, or hispanus Hartert and Kleinschmidt, 1901.Corvus grebnitskii StejnegerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2 : 97, Apr. 10, 1884.=Corvus corax kamtschaticus Dybowski. See Hartert and Steinbacher,Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsband, p. 4, 1932.92759. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. December 12, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1799.92760. Adult female. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. December 25, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1817.C[orvus]. corax principalis RidgwayManual North American birds, p. 361, September 1887.=Corvus corax principalis Ridgway. See Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci.18:214, 1918.46057. Adult (sex not indicated). Saint Michael, on the southern shoreof Norton Sound, western Alaska. March 1, 1866. Collected byCharles Pease. Original number 33.70905. Adult male. Saint Michael, on the southern shore of NortonSound, western Alaska. December 29, 1874. Collected by LucienMcS. Turner. Original number 93.Ridgway based this race upon an unknown number of specimens from
"Northern North America, from Greenland to Alaska, south to BritishColumbia, Canada, New Brunswick, etc." Since no particular examplewas mentioned, all must be considered cotypes, and Ridgway's implicationthat the type came from Saint Michael (Birds of North and Middle America3: 261, 1904) amounts to no more than a restriction of type locality. Par-enthetically, it may be noted that, still earlier, No. 101149, a male from FortChimo, Ungava, had been set aside by Ridgway as the type!
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 327
It is, however, convenient to treat as cotypes of so large a bird only thosefrom the restricted type locality, and I therefore list none but Nos. 46057and 70905, the only Saint Michael skins now to be found in the museum.Corvus carnivorus, "Bartram" Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9 : xlii,559 (in key), 560, 1858.=Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler. See Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci.18:219, 1918.5186. Adult male. Fort Randall, Gregory County, South Dakota (notKansas). October 18, 1856. Collected by Ferdinand V. Hayden.No. 5186 is but one of a series of 10 cotypes (see Baird's list, op. cit.,p. 562) . Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America 3: 260, 1904) hasby implication restricted the type locality to "coast New Jersey," but sinceBaird's name was really based upon material from west of the MississippiRiver, Oberholser's restriction to Fort Randall {loc. cit.) is clearly preferable.No. 5186 was Baird's only skin from Fort Randall.Corvus corax europhilus OberholserOhio Journ. Sci. 18 (6) : 215, April 1918.=Corvus corax principalis Ridgway^ sinuatus Wagler. See Willett, Auk58:248, 1941.260039. Adult male. Ardell, Cullman County, Alabama. April 4, 1915.Collected by Luther J. Goldman. Original number 211. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Corvus cryptoleucus CouchProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 66 (not earlier than Apr.25), 1854.4118. Adult female. Charco Escondido, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.March 1853. Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 82.C[orvus]. americanus hesperis RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 362, September 1887.
=Corvus brachyrhynchos hesperis Ridgway. See A.O.U. Checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 4, p. 227, 1931.94976. Adult female. Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. March26, 1883. Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Original number 453.94977. Adult male. Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. April 8,1883. Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Original number 467.Ridgway based this race upon an unknown number of specimens from
"Western United States, north to Washington Territory (Puget Sound),Idaho, Montana, etc., south to northern Mexico, east to Rocky Mountains."Since no particular example was mentioned, all must be considered cotypes,and Ridgway's implication that the type came from Fort Klamath (Birds ofNorth and Middle America 3: 272, 1904) amounts to no more than a restric-500936?61 22
328 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221tion of type locality. Parenthetically, it may be noted that Ridgway, in1887, gave his new form the vernacular name "California Crow."I have listed here as cotypes the two specimens of the original series fromFort Klamath still to be found in the museum collection.Corviis brachyrhynchos C. L. BrehmBeitrage zur Vogelkunde 2: 37, 56, 1822.=Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos C. L. Brehm. See A.O.U.,Checklist of North American birds, ed. 4, p. 226, 1931.217866. Subadult female. "America septentrionalis" (type locality re-stricted to "vicinity of Boston, Massachusetts," by Howell, Proc. Biol.Soc. Washington 26:200, 1913). Received from Otto Kleinschmidt,who acquired it from the Rothschild Museum, Tring.Brehm's original label reads: "Corvus americanus/ $ annua America/septentrionalis."On one of his own labels Kleinschmidt has written: "s[iehe] Beitrage II.p. 56-58! Da Brehm den Namen americanus in V[ollstandige] Vogelfangp. 57 in Klammer hersetzt, ist dies wohl d[er]. Typus von Corvusbrachyrhynchos Brm."Corvus americanus AudubonBirds of America (folio) 2 (32) : pi. 156, 1833.
=Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm. See Ridgway, Birdsof North and Middle America 3 : 746, 1904.2848. Adult (sex not indicated). Received from Spencer F. Baird, whoacquired it from John J. Audubon.By museum tradition. No. 2848 is a cotype of Audubon's Corvus ameri-canus. There is nothing whatsoever to lend confirmation to this belief, andI list the specimen here only because it has for many years been kept amongthe types.Corvus brachyrhynchos paulus A. H. HowellProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26 : 199, Oct. 23, 1913.204882. Adult female. Bon Secour, Baldwin County, Alabama. October24, 1908. Collected by Arthur H. Howell. Original number 741. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Corvus americanus, var. floridanus Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xliii,560 (in key), 568, 1858.C[orvus]. a[mericanus]. pascuus CouesAuk 16 (1) : 84, January 1899.=Corvus brachyrhynchos pascuus Coues. See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 227, 1931.10374. Adult male. "Not far from Fort Dallas"==vicinity of Miami, DadeCounty, Florida. May 17, 1858. Collected by Gustavus Wiirdemann.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 329Coues's C. a. pascuus is a substitute name for Corvus americanus, var.floridanus Baird, not Corvus floridanus Bonaparte, 1826, and is based uponthe same type specimen.Corvus caurinus Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xliii,559 (in key), 569, 1858.9511 (not 9811). Adult (sex not indicated). Orcas Island, San JuanCounty, Washington. December 20, 1857, Collected by Caleb B. R.Kennerly. Original number 87. Northwestern Boundary Survey.10306. Adult (sex not indicated). Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County,Washington. September 14, 1854. Collected by James G. Cooper.Original number 96.10307. Adult (sex not indicated) . Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. April 25, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original num-ber 323. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.10310. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. February 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original num-ber 230. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.This name was based upon a series of eight cotypes. In addition to thefour listed above, these were: No. 10308, from Fort Steilacoom, sent at anunknown date in the nineteenth century to "No. 5"; No. 10309, from FortSteilacoom, sent in 1877 to the Mombusho Museum, Tokyo; No. 10311, fromFort Steilacoom, presented to George N. Lawrence and now No. 42372 inthe collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York; No.10312, Fort Steilacoom, sent in 1877 to the museum at Lisbon.Genus PICA BrissonPica camtschatica StejnegerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 97, Apr. 10, 1884.=Pica pica camtschatica Stejneger. See Bergman, Zur Kenntnis nordos-tasiatischer Vogel, p. 33, 1935.89144. Adult male. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, Kamchatka District, Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. June 29, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H.Stejneger. Original number 1237.92695. Adult male. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District, Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. September 30, 1883. Collected by LeonhardH. Stejneger. Original number 2727.A third cotype, No. 92698, an immature female, was "returned" to Stejne-ger in September 1885; its present whereabouts is unknown.Corvus nutallii [sic] AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4: pi. 362, fig. 1, 1836 or 1837.=Pica nuttallii (Audubon). See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38: 288, 1932.
330 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETEST 2212845. Adult (sex not indicated), "The vicinity of Santa Barbara," SantaBarbara County, California {fide Nuttall, Manual Orn., ed. 2, p. 236,1840). April 1836. Collected by Thomas Nuttall. Received fromSpencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.A MS. note by Richmond reads: "Nuttall got the bird in Mch. or April,1836, & got back to Boston on Sept. 21, 1836. For Audubon to get this skin,describe and paint it, have it engraved & published in 1836 would haverequired quick work. Prob. publ. in 1837."Genus CRYPSIRINA VieillotCrypsirina formosae sapiens DeignanBull. Brit. Orn. Club 75 (9) : 130, Dec. 1, 1955.297970. Adult male. Omei-shan (at elev. 4,000 feet) , Szechwan Province,China. August 29, 1923. Collected by David C. Graham.Genus GARRULUS BrissonG[laiidarius]. garrulus fasciatus A. E. BrehmAllgemeine Deutsche Naturhistorische Zeitung (neuefolge) 3 (11) : 446,1857.
=Garrulus glandarius fasciatus (A. E. Brehm). See Hartert, Nov. Zool.25:9, 1918.98563. Adult female. Sierra Nevada, Spain. November 21, 1856. Col-lected by Alfred E. Brehm. Received from Leonhard H. Stejneger (inwhose private collection it was No. 313), who acquired it from WilhelmSchliiter, a dealer in Halle an der Saale.Hartert {loc. cit.), writing of an adult male formerly in the RothschildCollection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, states: "Thisis undoubtedly the type specimen, it being called on the label the realfasciatus, and a description added."The same author has, however, earlier informed us (Zoologische Annalen3:66, 1908) that in the Brehm Collection "befinden sich ausser zweiSpaniern auch mehrere deutsche und andre Haher als fasciatus bezeichnet."It seems clear that the notation "the real fasciatus" was written some timeafter publication of the name, to indicate that it had been given to theSpanish, and not to the German and other specimens.The original label of Alfred E. Brehm, still attached to our skin, reads:
"Glandarius vulgaris fasci-/atus nobis $ 21. 11. 56. Sier-/ra nevada." Thereis no reason to suppose that this, and the two Spanish birds examined byHartert, are not equivalent cotypes.Brehm's paper has not been available to me, but has been seen by the lateCharles W. Richmond. While Hartert quotes the name as "Garrulus gar-rulus fasciatus," Richmond's card gives it as "G[landarius'\. garrulusfasciatus."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 331Genus PERISOREUS Bonaparte[Perisoreus canadensis, var.] fumifrons "Ridgway" HenshawAnnual Report of the Secretary of War, for 1879, 2 (3) : 2260, 1879.Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 3 : 5, April ? 1880.
=Perisoreus canadensis pacificus (Gmelin). See Stresemann, Ibis91 : 252, 1949.46024. Adult (sex not indicated). Saint Michael (on the southern shoreof Norton Sound), western Alaska. August 29, 1866. Collected byCharles Pease. Original number 182. Western Union Company's Over-land International Telegraph Expedition.Ridgway applied the name fumifrons to birds from "north of Sitka andin the Yukon territory," but immediately following his description gave thehabitat of his new form as "Coast of Alaska." There were available tohim in the museum some dozens of Alaskan specimens, but No. 46024 isthe only adult still at hand that in the strictest sense might be consideredas from the "Coast of Alaska."In the A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds, ed. 4, p. 220, 1931, wefind the type locality given as Nulato, presumably because, on the labels oftwo of the six Nulato skins now in the museum, the word "fumifrons" ap-pears in Ridgway's hand. Inasmuch as Nulato is not a coastal locality, itseems to me best to accept the earlier restriction made by Ridgway himself(Birds of North and Middle America 3 :370, 1904) . In this case, No. 46024will be the only possible lectotype.By an accident, Henshaw's use of the name fumifrons antedated Ridgway's,even though, after discussing the difference between specimens from Maineand from Alaska, Henshaw considered the latter unworthy of nomenclatorialrecognition.We know only that Henshaw had seen a minimum of seven skins in theSmithsonian collection, all of which must have been used also by Ridgway.Since there is no reason whatsoever to suppose that No. 46024 was notamong them, and so far as possible to avoid confusion in the future, I heredesignate No. 46024 as the lectotype also of P. c. fumifrons Henshaw.Perisoreus obscurus rathbuni OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30: 185, Dec. 1, 1917.
==Perisoreus canadensis rathbuni Oberholser. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7 : 69, 1934,302077. Adult male. Crescent Lake, Clallam County, Washington. April21, 1916. Collected by Samuel F. Rathbun. Original number 828.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which acquired itfrom Samuel F. Rathbun.
332 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221[Perisoreus Canadensis] var. obscurus RidgwayBull. Essex Inst. 5 (11) :194, November 1873.= Perisoreus canadensis obscurus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 69, 1934.8454. Adult (sex not indicated). Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Wash-ington. March 10, 1854. Collected by James G. Cooper. Originalnumber 61.5904. Iminature (sex not indicated). Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County,Washington. July 1855. Collected by James G. Cooper.This form was redescribed by Ridgway {in Baird and Ridgway, Bull.Essex Inst. 5: 199, December 1873), where Nos. 8454 and 5904 are statedto be the cotypes.Perisoreus canadensis connexus AldrichWilson Bull. 55 (4) : 217, December 1943.271630. Adult female. Bald Mountain (at elev. 6,800 feet), northwest-ern Okanogan County, Washington. September 6, 1920. Collected byGeorge G. Cantwell. Original number 1062. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Perisoreus obscurus griseus RidgwayAuk 16 (3) :255, July 1899.
=Perisoreus canadensis griseus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 69, 1934.156543. Adult male. Keechelus Lake, Kittitas (not Kittinas) County,Washington. August 15, 1897. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Orig-inal number 5269. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Perisoreus Canadensis, var. capitalis "Baird" RidgwayBull. Essex Inst. 5(11) : 193, November 1873.
=Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 68, 1934.61084. Adult (sex not indicated). Henry's Fork, Summit County, Utah(not Wyoming, fide Woodbury and Cottam, Auk 61: 131-132, 1944).October 2, 1870. Collected by H. D. Schmidt. Original number 620.This form was redescribed by Ridgway {in Baird and Ridgway, Bull.Essex Inst. 5: 199, December 1873), where Nos. 61084 and 18440 (fromFort Benton, Chouteau County, Montana) are stated to be the cotypes. No.18440 belongs, however, to the race now known as Perisoreus canadensisbicolor A. H. Miller, 1933.No. 61084 was sent, on May 6, 1882, to the museum of Brown University,but was returned thence to Washington on January 3, 1898.Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 15, June 14, 1882.85950. Adult male. "Labrador," Province of Newfoundland, Canada.April 2, 1880. Collected by ? Schneider. Received from LeonhardH. Stejneger (in whose private collection it was No. 714), who acquiredit from H. B. Moschler, a dealer in Kronforstchen bei Bautzen, Saxony.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 333Genus CALOCITTA G. R. GrayCalocitta formosa azurea NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 55, January 1897.144529. Adult male. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. February24, 1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3559. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus CYANOCORAX BoieCyanocorax affinis zeledoiii RidgwayAuk 16 (3) : 255, July 1899.67972. Adult male. "Talamanca"= (probably) Sipurio (see Carriker,Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contestedterritory). May 1874. Collected by Juan Cooper (not Jose C. Zele-don). Original number 252. Received from William M. Gabb.Genus XANTHOURA BonaparteXanthoura luxuosa glaucescens RidgwayAuk 17 (1) : 28, January 1900.=Xanthoura yncas glaucescens Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 36, 37, 1934.70593. Adult male. Fort Brown=Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas.March 30, 1876. Collected by James C. Merrill. Original number 59.Xanthoura luxuosa speciosa NelsonAuk 17 (3): 265, July 1900.=Xanthoura yncas speciosa Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 35, 36, 1934.156055 (not 166055). Adult male. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mex-ico. March 13, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 3845. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Xanthoura luxuosa vivida RidgwayAuk 17 (1) : 28, January 1900.=Xanthoura yncas vivida Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7:35, 1934.144810. Adult male. Pluma, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. March 20, 1895.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2585. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Xanthoura yncas galeata RidgwayAuk 17 (1) : 27, January 1900.81879. Adult (sex not indicated). "Western Colombia" (type localityrestricted to El Eden, "a posada at an altitude of 8,300 feet, on theQuindio Trail, about ten miles west of Ibagiie," Department of Tolima,Colombia, by Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 36:637, 1917).
334 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
' Purchased in December 1878, from J. Wallace. Received from RobertRidgway, of whose private collection it once formed part.Genus CISSILOPHA BonaparteCissolopha pulchra NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 56, January 1897.
=Cissilopha san-blasiana san-blasiana (Lafresnaye). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7 : 37, footnote 2, 1934.144794. Adult male. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico. January 13,1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2481. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. : ;. '..u: ::: , ?..''/.." .cGenus CYANOLYCA CabanisCyanocorax cucullatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 23, May 6, 1885.
=Cyanolyca cucullata cucullata (Ridgway) . See Pitelka, Condor 53: 97-98, 300, 1951.101845. Adult (sex not indicated). Navarro (elev. 3,500 feet). Provinceof Cartago, Costa Rica. October 30, 1882. Collected by Juan Cooper.Received from Jose C. Zeledon.Cyanolyca mirabilis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 154, Nov. 30, 1903.186545. Adult male. Omilteme, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 22,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9998. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Cyanolyca argentigula albior PitelkaJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 41 (3) : 114, Apr. 3, 1951.209407. Adult male. Volcan Turrialba (at elev. 9,680 feet). Provinceof Cartago, Costa Rica. March 28, 1908. Collected by Robert Ridg-way and Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 582. [U.S. National]Museum-Zeledon Expedition.Cyanocitta argentigula LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 11 (3-4) : 88, February 1875.
=C'yanolyca argentigula argentigula (Lawrence). See Pitelka, Journ.Washington Acad. Sci. 41: 113-115, 1951.67963. Adult female. "Talamanca"= (probably) "near and more or lessnorth of Pico Blanco, above Sipurio and probably in the drainage ofthe Rio Lari" (see Pitelka, op. ait., p. 114), Costa Rica or Panama(contested territory). May or June 1874. Collected by Juan J.Cooper. Original number 320. Received from William M. Gabb.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 335Genus APHELOCOMA CabanisAphelocoma insularis HenshawAuk 3 (4) : 452, October 1886.=Aphelocoma coerulescens insularis Henshaw. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 53, 1934.72542. Adult male. Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, California.June 11, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 20.Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Expedition of1875.72543. Adult female. Original number 731. Other data same as for No.72542.79695. Adult (sex not indicated). Original number 733. Other datasame as for No. 72542.No. 72543 was, according to a note in the register, presented to Henshawin 1877; its presence in the collection today is not explained.It should be noted that, while Henshaw at the original description claimedto have collected only three specimens, there was a fourth (No. 72544) sentto the Indiana State University on January 12, 1884.A[pheloconia]. californica hypoleuca RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 356, September 1887.
=Aphelocoma coerulescens hypoleuca Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7 : 53, 1934.86325. Adult male. La Paz, State of Baja California, Mexico. December18. 1881. Collected by Lyman Belding.86326. Adult male. La Paz, State of Baja California, Mexico. January26. 1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.This form was "based on many specimens from Cape St. Lucas, La Paz,and contiguous localities, collected by J. Xantus and L. Belding." Ridgway(Birds of North and Middle America 3:331, 1904) restricted the typelocality to La Paz, and I have listed here the two skins of the original seriesfrom that locality now to be found in the museum.No. 86326 is at present in the exhibition collection of mounted birds.Cyanocitta woodhouseii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xliii,584 (in key), 585, 1858.=Aphelocoma coerulescens woodhouseii (Baird). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 53, 1934.8484. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Thorn, Doria Ana County, NewMexico. Entered into the museum register in December 1857. Col-lected by T. Charlton Henry. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the32nd Parallel, East.
336 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2219345. Adult female. San Francisco Mountains, Catron County, NewMexico. October 11, 1851. Collected by Samuel W. Woodhouse.Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers (1851).Baird listed three specimens from New Mexico, and (doubtfully) a fourthfrom "Mexico." Since this last was later to become the type of a distinctrace, Aphelocoma cyanotis Ridgway, it need not be considered here. Thethird true cotype of ivoodhouseii. No. 5035, from Independence Springs, wassent in February 1861 to Adolphus L. Heermann; its present whereabouts isunknown.Aphelocoma grisea NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 27, May 29, 1899.=Aphelocoma coerulescens grisea Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 54, 1934.164250. Adult female. Near Guachochi, in the Sierra Madre, State ofChihuahua, Mexico. September 27, 1898. Collected by Edward A.Goldman. Original number 5868. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Aphelocoma texana RidgwayAuk 19 (1) : 70, January 1902.=Aphelocoma coerulescens texana Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 54, 1934.150507. Adult female. "Near the big sink on the head of the NuecesRiver," Edwards County, Texas. December 1, 1894. Collected byHenry P. Attwater. Original number 1.A[phelocoma]. cyanotis RidgwayManual North American birds, p. 357, September 1887.=Aphelocoma coerulescens cyanotis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 55, 1934.8465. Adult (sex not indicated). "Mexico." September 1836. Collectedby ? Morgan ? Received from John Gould, who acquired it from JohnTaylor.The oldest label attached to this specimen is Gould's; its data read: "JohnTaylor Esq/Mexico/Sep 1836." Reference to "Taylor (J.)" in BowdlerSharpe's History of the Collections ... of the British Museum, Birds (p.497, 1906), will show that, in 1841, Taylor presented to the British Museum
"21 birds from Mexico," and Sharpe comments: "A MS. note by Dr. J. E.Gray adds: 'Who received them from Mr. Morgan, of the Rio del MonteCamp.' They were examined and said to be described by Mr. Swainson."It seems probable that the 19 skins, attributed to Taylor and presented tothe U.S. National Museum by Gould about 1857, have an identical history,and Real del Monte, State of Hidalgo, might be accepted as the restrictedtype locality.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 337Cyanocitta Floridana, var. Sumichrasti Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5 (12) : 199, December 1873.=Aphelocoma coerulescens sumichrasti (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7 : 55, 1934.42149. Adult (sex not indicated). Orizaba, State of Veracruz, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on July 5, 1866. Collected by AdrienL. F. Sumichrast. Original number 34.Cyanocitta ultramarina, var. Arizonse Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5 (12) : 199, December 1873.=Aphelocoma ultramarina arizonae (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 44, 1934; Van Rossem, Auk 59: 572-573, 1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk64: 450, 1947.18279. Subadult (sex not indicated) . Fort Buchanan, Santa Cruz County,Arizona. December 9, 1858. Collected by Bernard J. D. Irwin. Orig-inal number 21.8469. Immature male. Copper Mines, Grant County, New Mexico (notArizona). October 18, 1846. Collected by John H. Clark. MilitaryReconnaissance from Fort Leavenworth in Missouri, to San Diego inCalifornia (1846-1847).C[yanocitta]. couchii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 588,1858.=Aphelocoma ultramarina couchii (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 56, 1934; Van Rossem, Auk 59: 572-573;1942; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk64:450, 1947.4112. Adult male. Guajuco (about 18 miles southeast of Monterrey),State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April 1853. Collected by Darius N.Couch. Original number 156.4113. Adult male. Guajuco, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April 1853.Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 157.Apheloconia sieberi potoslna NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 27, January 1899.^=Aphelocoma ultramarina potosina Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7:56, 57, 1934; Van Rossem, Auk 56:86-87,1939; Van Rossem, Auk 59: 572-573, 1942; Brodkorb, Auk 61: 400-401, 1944; Pitelka (ms.).144642. Adult male. Mountains near Jesus Maria, State of San LuisPotosi, Mexico. September 3, 1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson.Original number 333. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
338 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Aphelocoma sieberi colimae NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 27, January 1899.=Aphelocoma ultramarina colimae Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7:57, 1934; Van Rossera, Auk 59:572-573,1942.156052. Adult female. Jacala, State of Jalisco, Mexico. March 6, 1897.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 3816. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Aphelocoma guerrerensis Nelson . ,-^ [ - ,>Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16 : 154, Nov. 30, 1903.=Aphelocoma unicolor guerrerensis Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 58, 1934.185539. Adult male. Omilteme, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 19,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 9926. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Aphelocoma unicolor coelestis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16 : 108, Sept. 30, 1903.=Aphelocoma unicolor unicolor (Du Bus) . See Brodkorb, Auk 61 : 401,1944.144685. Adult male. San Cristobal Las Casas=Ciudad Las Casas, Stateof Chiapas, Mexico. September 24, 1895. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3106. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus CYANOCITTA StricklandCyanocitta stelleri carlottae OsgoodNorth American Fauna 21 : 46, Sept. 26, 1901.
=C'yanocitta stelleri carlottae Osgood. See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 222, 1931.166822. Adult male. Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen CharlotteIslands, Province of British Columbia, Canada. June 17, 1900. Col-lected by Wilfred H. Osgood. Original number 400. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[Cyanura stelleri] var. annectens Bairdin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds (landbirds) 2: 281, February 1874.
=Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (Baird). See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 222, 1931.17662. Adult male. Bitterroot valley, Missoula or Ravalli County, Mon-tana. Entered into the museum register on July 18, 1860. Collectedby John Pearsall. Original number 573.18371. Adult male. "Hell Gate," Missoula County, Montana. Enteredinto the museum register on October 9, 1860. Collected by John Pear-sall. Original number 729.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 33922058. Adult (sex not indicated). "W. side Bitterroot Mt."= (probably)Idaho. September 8, 1860. Collected by James G. Cooper. Originalnumber 102.[Cyanura Stelleri] var. frontalis RidgwayAmerican Journal of Science and Arts (3) 5 (25) : 43, January 1873.
=Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Ridgway) . See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 222, 1931.83936=53635 reentered. Adult female. Carson City, Ormsby County,Nevada. November 27, 1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Originalnumber 329. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel (1867-1869).60894^53636 reentered. Adult female. Carson City, Ormsby County,Nevada. November 27, 1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Originalnumber 330. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel ( 1867-1869).83935=53637 reentered. Adult male. Carson City, Ormsby County,Nevada. March 21, 1868. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Originalnumber 445. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel (1867-1869).53638. Adult male. Carson City, Ormsby County, Nevada. March 30,1868. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 477. U.S.Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel (1867-1869)
.
53639. Adult male. Carson City, Ormsby County, Nevada. April 18,1868. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 497. U.S.Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel (1867-1869)
.
53640. Adult female. Carson City, Ormsby County, Nevada. April 18,1868. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 498. U.S.Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel ( 1867-1869)Ridgway (U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel 3: 524, 1877),set up Nos. 53639 and 53640 as the types. I look upon his action as a mererestriction of type locality and consider each of his seven specimens fromCarson City as an equivalent cotype.No. 53634, a male, cannot now be found in the museum. Nos. 53635 and53637 were at some time in the private collection of Robert Ridgway (andwere given respectively his Nos. 110 and 109) ; since, in accordance withhis custom, the original labels were removed and presumably destroyed,these skins were, many years later, entered into the register under the Nos.83936 and 83935, as if they were new accessions to the museum collection.Cyanocitta stelleri cottami OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 117, Aug. 7, 1937.
=Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (Baird) ^macrolopha Baird. See Behle,Bull. Univ. Utah 34: 48-49, 1943; Behle, Condor 46: 78, 1944; A.O.U.Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 63 : 430, 1946.
340 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221139672. Adult female. Provo, Utah County, Utah. October 24, 1895.Collected by Arthur H. Howell. Original number 90. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Cyanocitta macrolopha BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (3) :118 (not earlier than June 27)
,
1854.
=Cyanocitta steUeri macrolopha Baird. See A.O.U. Committee on Classi-fication and Nomenclature, Auk 63 : 430, 1946.8351. Adult (sex not indicated). Cold Springs (near Sawyer), ValenciaCounty, New Mexico. November 17, 1853. Collected by Caleb B. R.Kennerly and H. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original number 20. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 35th Parallel.This skin, erroneously thought to be an expendable duplicate, was senton December 4, 1894, to Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, 111., butat some later date was returned to Washington.Cyanocitta stelleri azteca RidgwayAuk 16 (3): 256, July 1899.35156. Adult (sex not indicated). "Mountains near Mirador, VeraCruz," error; type locality corrected to Rio Frio, State of Mexico,Mexico (see Brodkorb, Auk 61:402-403, 1944). June 1864. Col-lected by Carl C. W. Sartorius. Original number 174.This bird at some time left the national collection to enter that of RobertRidgway (where it was No. 1191) ; it was apparently returned shortly beforeC. s. azteca was described, but without its original label.Cyanocitta stelleri purpurea AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 57: 23, June 28, 1944.185115. Adult male. Patamban, State of Michoacan, Mexico. January30, 1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 9025. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
, . Service.Family PARADISAEIDAE: Birds of ParadiseINTERGENERIC HYBRIDCicinnurus lyogyrus CurrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 497, July 7, 1900.
=Cicinnurus rcgiiis (Linnaeus) X Diphyllodes magnificus (Pennant).See Mayr, List of New Guinea birds, pp. 180, 182, 1941.124628. Adult male. "New Guinea." Entered into the museum registeron October 17, 1891. Received from Adolphe Boucard
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 341Fami/j PARIDAE; TitmiceGenus PARUS LinnaeusParus colletti StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11 : 74, Nov. 8, 1888.=Parus montaniis colletti Stejneger. See Lonnberg, Fauna och Flora20: 113-118, 1925; Snow, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 76: 29-31, 1956.113225. Adult female. Ask, near Bergen, County of Hordaland, south-western Norway. August 22, 1887. Received from Leonhard H, Stej-neger, who acquired it from the Bergen Museum.Parus atricapillus turner! RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2 : 89, Apr. 10, 1884.70826. Adult male. Saint Michael (on the southern shore of NortonSound), western Alaska. May 1, 1876. Collected by Lucien McS. Tur-ner. Original number 1091.Parus occidentalis Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: xxxvii, 388 (in key) , 391, 1858.=Parus atricapillus occidentalis Baird. See Duvall, Auk 62: 64-65, 1945.6762. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Vancouver, Clark County, Wash-ington. February 4, 1854. Collected by James G. Cooper. Originalnumber 25. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.6763. Adult (sex not indicated). Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Wash-ington. September 12, 1854. Collected by James G. Cooper. Originalnumber 94.6767. Adult male. Saint Helens, Columbia County, Oregon. January 27,1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number 209.Three other cotypes are no longer in the museum collection : No. 4538 bis(not 4538), from "Washington Territory," was sent in 1859 to George N.Lawrence; No. 6768, from Shoalwater Bay, was sent in 1859 to Percy L.Sclater; No. 9219, from "California," was sent on November 24, 1884, toHenry K. Coale.P[arus]. albescens Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9:xxxvii (name), 389 (descr.), 1858.
=^Parus atricapillus septentrionalis Harris. See Duvall, Auk 62: 59-60,1945.6766 (not 6776). Adult (sex not indicated). "New Mexico." Septem-ber 30, 1845. Collected by Richard H. Kern. Original number 14.Received from John Cassin.Penthestes atricapillus praclicus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 220, Dec. 28, 1937.=Parus atricapillus practicus (Oberholser). See Duvall, Auk 62:54,1945.
342 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221340642. Adult male. Mount Guyot (at elev. 6,500 feet), Great SmokyMountains, Swain County, North Carolina. April 15, 1932. Collectedby Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 1797. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildhfe Service.Parus carolinensis AudubonOrnithological biography 2: 341, 1834.=Parus carolinensis carolinensis Audubon. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 72, 1934.2932. Adult (sex not indicated). Received from Spencer F. Baird, whoacquired it from John J. Audubon.No. 2932 is, according to museum tradition, one of the cotypes of Paruscarolinensis Audubon, but evidence for the claim is wholly lacking. InBaird's original register, Nos. 2932, 2933, and 2934 are entered as "atrica-pillus?", while No. 2935 is given as "carolinus." The last is now consid-ered an example of P. c. extimus. Nos. 2933 and 2934 cannot be found inthe collection, and their present whereabouts is unknown.Penthestes carolinensis guilloti OberholserBird life of Louisiana, Louisiana Dept. Cons. Bull., p. 425, 1938.=Parus carolinensis carolinensis Audubon. See Wetmore, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 86: 207, 208-209, 1939; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 61 : 453, 454, 1944.193567. Adult male. Belair, Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. April 1,1904. Collected by W. E. Forbes and Ned Hollister. Original number24. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Parus palustris dresseri StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9 : 200, Oct. 22, 1886.96550. Adult (sex not indicated). "The Nockholt beeches," County ofKent, England. April 1863. Collected by Henry Whitely, Jr. Re-ceived from Thomas W. Blakiston, of whose private collection it onceformed part.Parus hensoni StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 342, Aug. 2, 1892.
=Parus palustris hensoni Stejneger. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlist ofthe Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 40, 1942.114093. Adult male. Hakodate, Hokkaido Island, Japan. November 7,1884. Collected by Harry V. Henson. Original number 230.Parus seebohmi StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15 : 343, Aug. 2, 1892.=Parus palustris hensoni Stejneger. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlist ofthe Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 40, 1942.96144. Adult male. Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, Japan. October 12, 1882.Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original number 3131.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 343Parus gambell thayeri BirtwellAuk 18 (2): 166, April 1901.=Parus gambeli gambeli Ridgway. See Cooke, in Bailey, Birds of NewMexico, p. 509, 1928; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and Nomen-clature, Auk 61; 453, 454, 1944.175399. Adult (sex not indicated). Albuquerque, Bernalillo County,New Mexico. December 27, 1900. Collected by Francis J. Birtwell.Original number 226. Received from Francis J. Birtwell, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.Parus hudsonicus ungava RhoadsAuk 10 (4) : 328, October 1893.=Parus hudsonicus hudsonicus Forster. See A.O.U. Committee on Clas-sification and Nomenclature, Auk 1 1 : 49, 1894.100630. Adult male. Fort Chimo (near the mouth of the Koksoak River)
,
northern Quebec Province, Canada. April 1, 1884. Collected byLucien McS. Turner. Original number 4449.93565. Adult female. Fort Chimo, northern Quebec Province, Canada.March 17, 1883. Collected by Lucien McS. Turner. Original number1520.Para [sic] hudsonicus rabbittsi Burleigh and H. S. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 115, June 16, 1948.=Parus hudsonicus rabbittsi Burleigh and H. S. Peters. See A.O.U.Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 66: 283, 1949.394176. Adult male. Saint Andrews (lat. 47?47' N., long 59? 13' W.),Saint Georges District, southwestern Newfoundland Province, Canada.May 1, 1947. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number10262. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.P[aru8]. rufescens J. K. TownsendJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 190, 1837.=Parus rufescens rufescens Townsend. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7 : 79, 1934.1924. Adult (sex not indicated). "Forests of the Columbia river"=(probably) Fort Vancouver, Clark County, Washington. 1834-1836.Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, whoacquired it from John J. Audubon, who in turn obtained it from JohnK. Townsend.2931. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 1924.A third cotype is preserved in the collection of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia (where it is No. 23665)
.
Parus rufescens caliginosus BurleighProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72(5) : 15, Apr. 22, 1959.394631. Adult male. Twenty miles northeast of Moscow, Latah County,Idaho. June 14, 1947. Collected by David W. Johnston, Originalnimiber 134. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.500936?61 23
344 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Parus rufescens ft neglectus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 485, May [ ? ] 1879.=Parus rufescens neglectus Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 289, 1932; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 61 : 453, 454, 1944.82670. Adult male. Nicasio, Marin County, California. February 22,1879. Collected by Charles A. Allen. Original number 46a. Re-ceived from Robert Ridgway, of whose private collection it onceformed part.82671. Adult male. February 1, 1877. Other data same as for No.82670.82672. Adult female. February 19, 1877. Other data same as for No.82670.82673. Adult female. April 2, 1877. Other data same as for No. 82670.Ridgway based this race upon "many . . . specimens" from the "Coastof California," but the four here listed seem to have been the only onesfrom the subsequently restricted type locality.It should be noted that No. 82671, mentioned by Grinnell {loc. cit.) asthe type, was originally, by the author himself, considered merely a cotype;this is indicated by a fragment of a red type label, bearing Ridgway's ownhandwriting, still attached to No. 82672. It may be surmised that similarred labels were once borne by the other specimens.Pardaliparus elegans paiiayensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 51 : 57, Oct. 16, 1916.=Parus elegans elegans Lesson. See Parkes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington71:99-101,1958.233639. Adult male. Panay Island, Philippine Islands. November 14,1890. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re?ceived from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it wasNo. 1395 of the Menage Collection.Pardaliparus elegans guimarasensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 51: 58, Oct. 16, 1916.=Parus elegans albescens (McGregor). See Parkes, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 71: 101-102, 1958.161448. Adult? female. Guimaras Island (between Panay and NegrosIslands), Philippine Islands. December 28, 1887. Collected byDean C. Worcester. Received from Dean C. Worcester.Pardaliparus elegans mindanensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 8, Jan. 20, 1905.=Parus elegans mindanensis (Mearns). See Parkes, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 71:104, 1958.192267. Adult male. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,200 feet), Davao Province,Mindanao Island, Philippine Island. June 25, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13580.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 345Pardaliparus elegans sulueiisis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 51 : 59, Oct. 16, 1916.=Parus elegans suluensis (Mearns). See Parkes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-ington 71: 104-105,1958.233279. Adult male. Sulu Island=Jol6 Island, Sulu Group, PhilippineIslands. September 9, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester andFrank S. Bourns. Received from the Minnesota Academy of NaturalSciences, where it was No. 1387 of the Menage Collection.Melaniparus afer fricki MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 5, Nov. 29, 1913.=Parus afer fricki (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.153:82-83, 1937.245844. Adult male. Dire Dawa (lal. 9?35' N., long. 4P52' E.), easternEthiopia. December 9, 1911. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 19581. Childs Frick Abyssinian Expedition (1911-1912).Lophophanes missourieusis Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xxxvi,384, 1858.=Parus bicolor Linnaeus. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 7: 81, 1934.6752. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County,Kansas. January 20, 1855. Collected by Darius N. Couch.Since this form was given "the name of Lophophanes missouriensis, fromthe river on or near which all the specimens before me were collected," it iseasy to decide, from Baird's list of specimens, which are to be consideredcotypes. Of the five, No. 4731 was sent to A. J. Falls at a date no longerknown ; No. 6987 went to Henry W. Henshaw in March 1873 and may nowbe in the British Museum; Nos. 4730 and 7514 seem to have vanishedwithout trace.Baeolophiis atricristatus paloduro StevensonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 15, Feb. 16, 1940.=Parus atricristatus paloduro (Stevenson). See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 61 : 453, 1944.363608. Adult male. Palo Duro Canyon, Harold Ranch, ArmstrongCounty (18 miles east of Canyon, Randall County), Texas. September25, 1938. Collected by James 0. Stevenson. Original number 1352.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which acquired itfrom James 0. Stevenson.BaBoIophus atricristatus seiinetti RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 3: 386, Dec. 31, 1904.=Parus atricristatus sennetti (Ridgway). See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 61 : 453, 454, 1944.112939. Adult male. Leon Springs, Bexar County, Texas. March 18,1887. Collected by Charles W. Beckham. Original number 3105.
346 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221BaBolophus inomatus restriclus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 109, Sept. 30, 1903.=Parus inomatus inomatus Gambel. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38: 289, 1932; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and Nomen-clature, Auk 61: 453, 454, 1944.163569. Adult male. Oakland, Alameda County, California. March 24,1896. Collected by John Homung.Parus inomatus GambelProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2 (10) : 265 (not earlier thanAug. 26), 1845.=Parus inomatus inomatus Gambel. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 289, 1932; A.O.U. Committee on Classification and No-menclature, Auk 61 : 453, 454, 1944.3340. Subadult (sex not indicated). "Upper California"=Monterey,Monterey County, California {fide Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil-adelphia 3: 154, 1847). (Probably) November 20, 1842 (see Gambel,loc. cit.). Collected by William Gambel. Received from Spencer F.Baird, who acquired it from Thomas B. Wilson.Baeolophus inornatus muriniis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 109, Sept. 30, 1903.=Parus inomatus affabilis (Grinnell and Swarth). See A.O.U. Commit-tee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 68: 368, 1951.133812. Adult male. Nachogiiero Valley (just south of the InternationalBoundary between Jacumba and Campo, San Diego County, California,fide Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 32: 26, 1928), State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. June 4, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 10961. United States-Mexican International BoundaryCommission.Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 154, Oct. 11, 1883.=Parus inornatus cineraceus (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 84, 1934.89800. Adult male. La Laguna (in the Sierra de la Laguna, at about lat.23?35' N.), State of Baja California, Mexico. February 2, 1883. Col-lected by Lyman Belding.Lophophanes inornatus griseus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 344, Sept. 11, 1882.Parus inornatus ridgwayi RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 155, June 20, 1902.=Parus inomatus ridgwayi Richmond. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 84, 1934.62856. Adult male. "Iron City," Iron County, Utah. October 8, 1872.Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 263. U.S. Explora-tions and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expedition of 1872).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 34768791. Adult male. Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, New Mexico. January16, 1874. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 41a.U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expeditionof 1874).69403. Adult (sex not indicated). El Paso County, Colorado. January14, 1874. Collected by Charles E. H. Aiken. Original number 377.U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expeditionof 1874).Ridgway based his Lophophanes inornatus griseus upon an extensive seriesfrom Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, some specimens ofwhich have, by more recent authors, been assigned to the races zaleptus andplumbescens. Of examples still in the museum collection, only the threehere listed belong to griseus in its restricted sense.Nos. 62856 and 68791 at some time left the museum to enter Ridgway'sprivate collection (the former under the new number 2039) ; these skinssuffered the usual loss of original labels, with original data copied only inpart onto Ridgway's personal labels (but, in this case, correctly and withreference to the original museum number)
.
Richmond's Parus inornatus ridgwayi is a renaming of Ridgway's griseus,preoccupied, when included in the genus Parus, by P[arus^. griseus 0. F.Mixller, 1776, and has the same type specimens.Genus AEGITHALOS HermannAcredula trivirgata magna ClarkProc. U.S. Nat Mus. 32 : 475, June 15, 1907.
=Aegithalos caudatus magnus (Clark). See Deignan, Ibis 88: 403, 1946.114186. Adult male. Seoul, Province of Kyonggi, Korea. October 24,1883. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1308.Genus REMIZ JarockiRemiz consobrinus suffusus ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32 : 474, June 15, 1907.=Remiz pendulinus consobrinus (Swinhoe). See Austin, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 101 : 195, 1948.114191. Adult male. Fusan, Province of South Kyongsang, Korea. De-cember 21, 1884. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1479.R[eniiz]. c[onsobrinus]. japonlcus ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 475, June 15, 1907.=Remiz pendulinus consobrinus (Swinhoe) . See Orn. Soc. Japan, Hand-list of the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 42, 1942.96148. Adult male. Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu Island, Ja-pan. February 12, 1877. Collected by Frederick Ringer. Original
348 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221number 54, Received from Thomas W. Blakiston, in whose privatecollection it was No. 2543.96149. Adult? female. Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu Island,Japan. February 25, 1877. Collected by Frederick Ringer. Originalnumber 54. Received from Thomas W. Blakiston, in whose privatecollection it was No. 2544.Gejius AURIPARUS BairdAuriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus OberholserAuk 14 (4) : 391, October 1897.=Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall). See Grinnell, Condor33: 167, 1931.117551. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.April 7, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from theU.S. Fish Commission.Gerius PSALTRIPARUS BonapartePsaltriparus niiuiiuus saturatus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 109, Sept. 30, 1903.
==Psaltriparus minimus minimus (J. K. Townsend) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 88, 1934.136372. Adult male. Mount Vernon, Skagit County, Washington. De-cember 11, 1895. Collected by Clark P. Streator. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Psaltriparus minimus californicus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 89, Apr. 10, 1884.71918. Adult female. Walker Basin (northeast of Caliente) , Kern County,California. November 10, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw.Original number 678. U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the100th Meridian (Expedition of 1875)
.
71924. Adult male. Walker Basin, Kern County, California. November10, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 679.U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expeditionof 1875).71935. Adult female. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. August 7,1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 306. U.S.Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expedition of1875).91643. Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. May 29 (not 27),1883. Collected by Charles H. (not W.) Townsend. Original number96.91890. Immature (sex not indicated). Baird, Shasta County, California.June 26, 1883. Collected by Charles H. (not W.) Townsend. Originalnumber 207.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 349No. 91643 was long ago made the lectotype, apparently because it wasthe one first listed at the original description. Although restriction of typelocality to Shasta County may be justified on zoological grounds, it is never-theless certain that, had any example been made the type at the time of de-scription, it would have been one of the fresh-plumaged birds from "Walker'sbasin," in Kern County.Nos. 71918, 71924, and 71935 have all at some time formed part ofRidgway's private collection and, as a result, have been divested of theiroriginal labels.Psaltriparus grindae, "Belding, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 155, Oct. 11, 1883.
=Psaltriparus minimus grindae Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 32: 224, 1928.89801. Adult (sex not indicated) . La Laguna (in the Sierra de la Laguna,at about lat. 23?35' N.), State of Baja California, Mexico. February2, 1883. Collected by Lyman Belding.Psaltria plumbea BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (3) : 118 (not earlier than June27), 1854.
=Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 90, 1934.33003. Adult (sex not indicated). "Little Colorado, N.M."=Little Colo-rado River, Arizona. December 18, 1853. Collected by Caleb B. R.Kennerly and H. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original number 40. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 35tli Parallel.Reference to Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv.R.R. Pac. 9:399, 1858, Avill show that two specimens came from "LittleColorado." Of these. No. 6775, taken on December 18, 1853, was sent in1859 to Percy L. Sclater and is probably now in the collection of the BritishMuseum. No. 33003, taken on "November" [sic] 18, 1853, was not enteredinto the museum register until March 22, 1864, and thus may have beenunavailable to Baird in 1854; since, however, although without a number,it was listed by Baird {loc. cit.) as early as 1858, one may suppose that itlay before him in 1854 and has an equivalent claim with No. 6775 tocotypeship.Psaltriparus santaritae RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 697, Oct. 12, 1888.
=Psaltriparus minimus plumbeus (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 90, 1934.98683. Immature male. Gardner's Ranch, Santa Rita Mountains, SantaCruz or Pima County, Arizona. June 23, 1884. Collected by EdwardW. Nelson. Original number 175.
350 TJ.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Psaltriparus melanotis iulus JouyProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 776, Apr. 18, 1894.
=PsaUriparus minimus iulus Jouy. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 91, 1934.126630. Adult male. Hacienda "El Molino" ("reached from the stationNegrete . . . near Guadalajara"), State of Jalisco, Mexico. June 15,1892. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1336.Family SITTIDAE: NuthatchesGenus SITTA LinnaeusSitta magna ligea DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 97 (9) : 1, Oct. 10, 1938.297271. Adult male. Near Likiang (at elev. 8,200 feet), northwesternYunnan Province, China. August 1923. Collected by Joseph F. C.Rock. Original number 1174.Sitta amurensis clara StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 392, Feb. 10, 1887.
=Sitta europaea haicalensis Taczanowski. See Hartert and Steinbacher,Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsband, p. 166, 1933.91547. Adult (sex not indicated). Sapporo, Hokkaido Island, Japan.October 17, 1882. Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original num-ber 3164. Received from Pierre L. Jouy, in whose collection it wasNo. 996.Sitta europaea delacouri DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 28(8) : 372, Aug. 15, 1938.335604. Adult female. Doi Suthep (at elev. 5,500 feet), Chiang MaiProvince, northwestern Thailand. July 14, 1935. Collected by HerbertG. Deignan. Original number 231.Sitta carolinensis nelsoni MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 923, June 2, 1902.131242. Adult male. Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona.October 17, 1893. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number9725. United States-Mexican International Boundary Commission.Sitta carolinensis mexicana Nelson and T. S. PalmerAuk 11 (1) : 45, January 1894.131515. Adult male. Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. April 26,1893. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1104. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser\'ice.Sitta carolinensis umbrosa Van RossemProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 4, Feb. 4, 1939.164053. Adult male. Near Guadalupe y Calvo, Sierra Madre, State ofChihualiua, Mexico. September 1, 1898. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman, Original number 5813. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 351Sitta pygmaea flavinucha Van RossemProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 5, Feb. 4, 1939.142763. Adult male. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico. December 31,1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 653. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Family CERTHIIDAE: Creepers[Certhia familiaris] brittanica RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 113, July 21, 1882.
=Certhia familiaris brittanica Ridgway. See Witherby et ah. Handbookof British birds 1 : 234, 1938.18760. Adult male. "Europe" (on label) ^England (type locality re-stricted to Mottisfont, Hampshire, by Meinertzhagen, Bull. Brit. Om.Club 68: 26, 1947). Entered into the museum register on October 26,1860. Original number 216. Received from the Royal Artillery Insti-tution's Museum.18761. Adult female. "Europe" (on label). Entered into the museumregister on October 26, 1860. Original number 217. Received fromthe Royal Artillery Institution's Museum.No. 18760 is yet another cotype that passed into Ridgway's private col-lection, but later came back to the museum.It should be noted that Ridgway's solecistic spelling of the subspecificname is usually corrected to britannica.[Certhia familiaris] occidentalis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5 : 115, July 21, 1882.
^=Certhia familiaris occidentalis Ridgway. See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 240, 1931.7125. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. Entered into the museum register on October 8, 1857. Col-lected by George Suckley. Original number 256.9520. Adult (sex not indicated). Mud Bay, New Westminster ElectoralDistrict, Province of British Columbia, Canada. November 29, 1857.Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Original nimiber 74. Northwest-em Boundary Survey.11810. Adult male. Semiahmoo (not Hiniahmoo), Whatcom County,Washington. November 27, 1858? Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly.Original number 194. Northwestern Boundary Survey.17433. Adult male. Camp Semiahmoo (not Siniahmoo), New West-minster Electoral District, Province of British Columbia, Canada. Jan-uary 7, 1860. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Original number461. Northwestern Boundary Survey.82709. Adult male. Nicasio, Marin County, California. March 17, 1877.Collected by Charles A. Allen. Received from Robert Ridgway.82710. Adult female. Nicasio, Marin County, California. February 10,1877. Collected by Charles A. Allen. Received from Robert Ridgway.
352 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Of Ridgway's original series of 15 specimens, all but these six are eitherreferable to C. f. zelotes or not certainly determinable to subspecies.Certhia familiaris caurina AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 129, Oct. 25, 1946.367378. Adult male. Gotchen Creek Ranger Station, Mount Adams, Yak-ima County, Washington. May 16, 1942. Collected by Stanley G.Jewett. Original number 1395. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Certhia familiaris zelotes OsgoodAuk 18 (2) : 182, April 1901.170708. Adult female. Battle Creek ("probably within five miles ofSacramento River and in near vicinity of the U.S. fish hatchery," fideGrinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38: 291, 1932), Tehama or ShastaCounty, California. October 23, 1898. Collected by Richard C.McGregor.[Certhia familiaris] montana RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 114, July 21, 1882.
=Certhia familiaris montana Ridgway. See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 5, p. 402, 1957.7154. Adult (sex not indicated). "Camp 104," Pueblo Creek (vicinityof Aztec Pass, lat. 34?56' N., long. 112?53' W.), Yavapai County, Ari-zona (not New Mexico). January 22, 1854. Collected by Caleb B. R.Kennerly and H. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original nimiber 47. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 35th Parallel.13114. Adult female. Cantonment Burgwyn, Taos County, New Mexico.September 10, 1859. Collected by William W. Anderson.53443. Adult female. "Truckee bottoms," near Pyramid Lake, WashoeCounty, Nevada. December 9, 1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Original number 349. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.68793. Adult male. Fort Garland, Costilla County, Colorado. June 3,1873. Collected by Henry W. HenshaAv. Original number 227. U.S.Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expedition of1873).79550. Adult male. Mount Graham, Graham County, Arizona. Septem-ber 23, 1874. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number810. U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Ex-pedition of 1874).No. 66704, from Apache, Cochise County, Arizona, bears a label with thefollowing notes in Richmond's hand : "This specimen posed as the type from189-? to May, 1912. It was then found tliat R.R. had designated no. 79550as the type at the time he described the form, but the bird had been mounted& the label misplaced until May, 1912, when it was unearthed. C.W.R."Examination of the original diagnosis shows that no specimen was for-mally named as the type, and if it be true that the words "Var. montanaRidgw / Type" were written upon the label of No. 79550 at the time of de-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 353
scription, then it is clear that Ridgway's definition of "type" is not ours, forhe himself (Birds of North and Middle America 3: 468, 1904) gave the typelocality as Apache, Arizona, thus inferentially making No. 66704 thelectotype.Inasmuch as birds from the neighborhood of Apache represent the raceC. f. albescens von Berlepsch, it is, of course, in every way preferable toaccept Mount Graham as the restricted type locality, as has been done bythe A.O.U. Committee on Nomenclature and Classification, but the five speci-mens listed above must be considered equivalent cotypes."?" Certhia mexicaiia "Licht." GlogerAbandern der Vogel durch Einfluss des Klima's, p. 154, 1833.
=Certhia familiaris alticola G. S. Miller. See W. de W. Miller and Gris-com, Amer. Mus. Nov. 183: 7, 1925.13588. Adult (sex not indicated). "Mexico." Received from JohnGould.A specimen of "Certhia mexicana" (No. 8176) , received from John Gould,was entered into the museum register in November 1857; a second, of sim-ilar history, on December 17, 1859. In the case of the second alone, thespecific name is underlined, and there is the notation: "original of Mexi-cana."Whether or not No. 13588 has a valid place in this list can probably neverbe decided, for the specimen was at some time in the private collection ofRobert Ridgway, who replaced the older labels with his own.Hellmayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 103, 1934) claims tohave examined the type in the museum at Berlin, but there is no reason tosuppose that Gloger did not base the name upon two or more cotypes. Itmay be noted incidentally that the reference given above is one year olderthan that given by Hellmayr.Cerlhia familiaris nubigena WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 51, Apr. 19, 1940.349708. Adult male. Desconsuelo (elev. 10,200 feet). Department ofTotonicapan, Guatemala. November 24, 1936. Collected by AlexanderWetmore. Original number 9442.Certhia familiaris nigrescens BurleighProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 62, May 3, 1935.301577. Adult male. Mount Mitchell (at elev. 6,600 feet), YanceyCounty, North Carolina. May 8, 1930. Collected by Thomas D.Burleigh. Original number 886. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Certhia himalayana infiraia RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 106, May 25, 1950.408480. Adult male. Tikapur, Kailali District, western Nepal. January6, 1949. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 443. Na-tional Geographic Society-Yale University-Smithsonian InstitutionExpedition to Nepal.
354 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family CHAMAEIDAE: Wren-titsChamsea fasciata phaea OsgoodProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 42, May 29, 1899.=Chamaea fasciata phaea Osgood. See A.O.U. Checklist of North Ameri-can birds, ed. 4, p. 240, 1931.164256. Adult male. Newport, Lincoln County, Oregon. March 14,1899. Collected by Bernard J. Bretherton. Original number 2405.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Chamaea fasciata rufula RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 109, Sept. 30, 1903.=Chamaea fasciata rufula Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38: 291, 1932.82620. Adult male. Nicasio, Marin County, California. December 8,1876. Collected by Charles A. Allen. Received from Robert Ridgway,of whose private collection it once formed part.Parus fasciatus GambelProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2 (10) : 265, Dec. 5, 1845.=Chamaea fasciata fasciata (Gambel). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl.Zool. 38:291, 1932.3339. Adult (sex not indicated). "California" (type locality restrictedto Monterey, Monterey County, by Grinnell, loc. cit.). "Probablyabout 1842," fide Grinnell {loc. cit.). Collected by William Gambel.Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from Thomas B.Wilson.Chamsea fasciata henshawi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 13, June 14, 1882.=Chamaea fasciata henshawi Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 291, 1932.71981. Adult female. "Tejon Mts.," Kern County, California. August17, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 380.U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expeditionof 1875).202915 (equals 71982 reentered). Adult female. "Tejon Mts.," KernCounty, California. August 17, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Hen-shaw. Original number 400. U.S. Explorations and Surveys West ofthe 100th Meridian (Expedition of 1875).71984. Immature male. "Tejon Mts.," Kern County, California. August7, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 379.U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expeditionof 1875).71986. Adult female. Walker Basin, Kern County, California. November11, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 705.U.S. Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expeditionof 1875).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 355Ridgway's series, of unknown length, included specimens from Sacramentoand San Diego, but he observed that "the extreme development of the char-acters distinguishing C. henshawi is seen in specimens from Walker's Basinand the Tejon Mts., collected by Mr. H. W. Henshaw." There were originallysix skins from this restricted area. In addition to the four listed above, therewere No. 71983, an adult male, sent on March 1, 1877, to Osbert Salvin, andNo. 71985, an adult male, sent to Henshaw on February 24, 1877; each ofthese is probably now in the collection of the British Museum.On the label of No. 71986, considered the type by Richmond and Grinneil,is found, in Ridgway's hand: " $ type of C. fasciata henshawi Ridgw."Inasmuch as we can be certain that on the label of one of the Londonspecimens will be found a similar reference to the " $ type," and that, hadit remained in Washington, this bird would have been set aside by Richmondas the type, it is obvious that the choice of No. 71986 was not fairly made;in any case, each one of the series is an equivalent cotype.No. 71982 at some time entered the private collection of Pierre L. Jouy(where it was No. 596) ; when it returned to the museum, it bore onlyJouy's own label, and was given, on December 12, 1907, the new numberof 202915.Family CHLOROPSEIDAE: Leafbirds, Fairy BluebirdsGenus AEGITHINA VieiUotAegithina viridissima nesiotica OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 10, Oct. 26, 1912.=Aegithina viridissima viridissima (Bonaparte). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp.Zool. 94:385, 1944.179989. Adult male. Pulau Tana Bala, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. February 5, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Aegithina viridissima thapsina OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist), 40, June 30, 1917.170951. Adult male. Pulau Siantan, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.August 20, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Aegithina tiphia horizoplera OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 9, Oct. 26, 1912.180934. Adult male. Telok Beluku, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. March 3, 1905. Collected by William L.Abbott.Aegithina tiphia micromelaena OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 7, July 16, 1923.=Aegithina tiphia horizoptera Oberholser. See Meyer de Schauensee andRipley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 91 : 346, 1939.180548. Adult male. Tanjong Tedong, Bangka Island (just east of south-ern Sumatra) . June 5, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.
356 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Aegithina tipliia damicra OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 7, July 16, 1923.
=Aegithina tiphia viridis (Bonaparte). See Mayr, Bull. Rafifles Mus.14: 35, 1938.178144. Adult male. Semitau (lat. 0?33' N., long. 111?58' E.), SemitauDistrict, Sintang Division, western Borneo. December 14, 1893. Col-lected by Johannes Biittikofer. Original number 108. Dutch ScientificExpedition to Central Borneo. Received from the Rijksmuseum vanNatuurlijke Historic, Leiden.Aegithina tiphia zophonota OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 8, July 16, 1923.
=Aegithina tiphia viridis (Bonaparte). See Mayr, Bull. Raffles Mus.14: 35, 1938.183008. Adult male. Laham (about lat. 0?27' N., long. 115?25' E.),West Kutai District, Samarinda Division, eastern Borneo. April 13,1914. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 1387.Genus CHLOROPSIS Jardine and SelbyChloropsis aurifrons pridii DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (12) : 2, June 24, 1946.311538. Adult male. Lower slopes of Doi Ang Ka (Doi Inthanon), aboutlat. 18?35' N., long. 98?30' E., Province of Chiang Mai, northwesternThailand. December 9, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Orig-inal number 2752.Chloropsis aurifrons inornatus Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (2) : 80, 198, 518, Apr. 9, 1918.
=Chloropsis aurifrons inornata Boden Kloss. See Deignan, Proc. Biol.Soc. Washington 61 : 14, 1948.278455. Subadult (not adult) male. Sathani Lat Bua Khao (lat. 14?50'N., long. 101?35' E.), eastern Thailand. October 14, 1916. Collectedby Cecil Boden Kloss.Chloropsis aurifrons incompta DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 14, Mar. 4, 1948.358924. Adult male. Southern slopes of the Lang Bian Plateau betweenDalat and Ban Methuot, Province of Haut-Donai, southern Annam.June 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 58.Chloropsis cochinchinensis seri-lhai DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (12) : 1, June 24, 1946.330477. Adult male. Ban Tha Lo, southwest of Surat Thani (Ban Don),about lat. 9?5' N., long. 99? 15' E., peninsular Thailand. September23, 1931. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 5000.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 357Genus IRENA HorsfieldGlaiiconympha cyanea megacyanea OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 7 (17) : 540, Oct. 19, 1917.=Irena puella criniger Bowdler Sharpe. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:386, 1944.179254. Adult female. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 23, 1902, Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Family PYCNONOTIDAE : BulbulsMicrotarsus melanoleiicos proximus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 96, June 30, 1927.=Pycnonotus melanoleucos (Eyton) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.94: 387, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28: 21, 1943.279830. Adult male. Siberut Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. September 27, 1924. Collected by Cecil BodenKloss.Microtarsus melanoceplialos hyperemnus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 10, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Pycnonotus atriceps hyperemnus (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:387, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28:21,1943.179324. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 22, 1901. Collected by William LAbbott.Microtarsus melanocephalos chrysophorus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 10, Oct. 26, 1912.=Pycnonotus atriceps atriceps (Temminck). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:387, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28:21,1943.179998. Adult male. South Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, eastern In-dian Ocean off Sumatra. November 15, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Microtarsus atriceps abbotti OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52: 193, Feb. 8, 1917.
=Pycnonotus atriceps baweanus (Finsch). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 195, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28: 21,1943.181549. Adult male. Bawean Island (lat. 5?48' S., long. 112?39' E.),Java Sea. November 22, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.
358 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Pycnonotus dispar xantliops DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (7) : 246, Aug. 2, 1948.
=Pycnonotus melanicterus xanthops Deignan. See Deignan, Journ.Washington Acad. Sci. 44: 123, 1954.332362. Adult male. "Khan River"=Ban Mae (lat. 18?40' N., long.98?50' E.), Province of Chiang Mai, northwestern Thailand. Febru-ary 8, 1932. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 5321.Pycnonotus melanicterus negatus DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 44 (4) : 123, May 3, 1954.450800. Adult male. Ban Hin Laem (lat. 14?40' N., long. 98?40' E.),Province of Kanchanaburi, southwestern Thailand. November 1, 1952.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 45.Pycnonotus melanicterus elbeli DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 44 (4) : 123, May 3, 1954.249038. Adult male. Ko Kut (lat. 11?40' N., long. 102?35' E.), off theProvince of Trat, southeastern Thailand. December 25, 1914. Col-lected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Otocompsa flaviventris minor Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (2) : 80, 200, Apr. 9, 1918.=Pycnonotus melanicterus caecilli Deignan. See Deignan, Journ. Wash-ington Acad. Sci. 38:247-248, 1948, and Journ. Washington Acad.Sci. 44 (4) : 123, 1954.278428. Adult female. Ko Lak=Prachuap Khiri Khan (lat. 11?50' N.,long. 99?50' E.), Province of Prachuap Khiri Khan, southwesternThailand. November 16, 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Pycnonotus dispar caecilii DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (7) : 247, Aug. 2, 1948.=Pycnonotus melanicterus caecilii Deignan. See Deignan, Journ. Wash-ington Acad. Sci. 44 (4) : 123, 1954.160418. Adult male. Province of Trang (about lat. 7?-8? N.), peninsu-lar Thailand. February 12, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pycnonotus jocosus whistleri DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (8) : 280, Aug. 23, 1948.178729. Adult male. Cinque Islands (southeast of Rutland Island), An-daman Islands, Bay of Bengal. January 18, 1901. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Pycnonotus jocosus pattani DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (8) : 280, Aug. 23, 1948.330406. Adult male. "Bukit," Pattani (lat. 6?50' N., long. 101?15' E.),Province of Pattani, southernmost Thailand, January 26, 1931. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 4479.Pycnonotus hoyi RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 36: 193, Dec. 19, 1923.=Pycnonotus sinensis hoyi Riley, fide Deignan (ms.) .
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 359279442. Immature (not subadult) female. Yochow=Yoyang, Provinceof Hunan, China. June 13, 1923. Collected by Charles M. Hoy.Original number 1075.Pycrtonotus layardi phaeocephalus MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 8, Apr. 17, 1911.
=Pycnonotus tricolor minor von Heuglin. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 111, 1937.217202. Adult female. Kikandwa (elev. about 3,000 feet) , Mubende Dis-trict, Buganda Province, Uganda Protectorate. December 24, 1909.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 17755. SmithsonianAfrican Expedition.Pycnonotus layardi fayi [sic'] MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 7, Apr. 17, 1911.
=Pycnonotus tricolor feyi Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.153 (2) : 111, 1937.214391. Adult male. "Fey's Farm," Njabini (elev. 8,000 feet), nearNaivasha, Naivasha District, Central Province, Kenya Colony. August11, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 16537.Smithsonian African Expedition.This form was named in honor of Captain E. Fey.Pycnonotus layardi micrus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 891, July 8, 1905.
=Pycnonotus tricolor micrus Oberholser. See Jackson, Birds of KenyaColony and the Uganda Protectorate 2 : 854, 1938.117995. Adult male. Taveta, Teita District, Coast Province, Kenya Col-ony. March 22, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pycnonotus layardi peasei MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 8, Apr. 17, 1911.
=Pycnonotus dodsoni peasei Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 110, 1937.213552. Adult male. "Sir Alfred Pease's Farm," near Katanga,Machakos District, Central Province, Kenya Colony. May 2, 1909.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 15656. SmithsonianAfrican Expedition.Pycnonotus cafer primrosei DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 39 (8) : 278, Aug. 16, 1949.253767. Adult male. Surma Tea Estate, southern Sylhet District, SurmaValley and Hill Division, Assam State, India. January 8 (not 1),1900. Collected by A. M. Primrose.Pycnonotus aurigaster innitens DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 39 (8) : 276, Aug. 16, 1949.=Pycnonotus aurigaster thais (Boden Kloss), fide Deignan (MS.).500936?61 24
360 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221307019. Adult female. Ban Pak Chong (lat. 14?40' N., long. 101^25' E.),Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. February 7, 1925. Collectedby Hugh McC. Smith.Pycnonotus cafer deignani DelacourZoologica, New York 28 (1) : 29, May 4, 1943.=Pycnonotus aurigaster thais (Boden Kloss), fide Deignan (ms.).337130. Adult male. Chanthaburi (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?05' E.),Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. April 20, 1937 (not 1932). Col-lected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 2534.Pycnonotus striatus arctus RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 (18): 101, June 16, 1948.390402. Adult male. Dreyi (elev. 5,140 feet), Mishmi Hills Tribal Dis-trict, Assam State, India. January 2, 1947. Collected by S. DillonRipley. Original number 215. Smithsonian Institution-Yale Univer-sity Expedition.Pycnonotus finlaysoni eous RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 (27) : 133, Nov. 8, 1940.360964. Adult male. Col des Nuages (between Hue and Tourane) , centralAnnam. January 1940. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Originalnumber 1373.Pycnonotus goiavier jambu DeignanBull. Brit. Om. Club 75 (9) : 130, Dec. 1, 1955.278436. Adult male. Ban Maha Chai [lat. 13?30' N., long. 100?15' E.],Province of Samut Sakhon, Thailand. October 23, 1916. Collected byCecil Boden Kloss.Pycnonotus goiavier sulucnsis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 470, May 27, 1909.211475. Adult male. Jolo, Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Is-lands. March 7, 1908. Collected by Paul Bartsch. Albatross Philip-pine Expedition.Pycnonotus plumosus porpbyreus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 11, Oct. 26, 1912.180019. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November 23, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Pycnonotus plumosus cbiropletbis OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist) , 41, June 30, 1917.170941. Adult male. Pulau Siantan, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.August 24, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pycnonotus brunneus zapolius OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98:5 (in checklist), 45, June 30, 1917.170942. Adult male. Pulau Siantan, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.September 5, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 361Pycnonotus brunneus zaphaeiis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 194, Nov. 2, 1917.
=Pycnonotus brunneus brunneus Blyth. See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian birds, p. 201, 1935.181543. Adult male. Pulau Mata Siri (lat. 4?48' S., long. 115?48' E.),Laurot Islands, eastern Java Sea. December 11, 1907. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Pycnonotus olivaceus ciiloeodis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 11, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Pycnonotus simplex simplex Lesson. See Chasen, Handlist of Malay-sian birds, p. 201, 1935.179343. Adult male. Tapanuli (about lat. 1?39' N., long. 98?45' E.),northwestern Sumatra. February 16, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Pycnonotus simplex halizonus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist), 43, June 30, 1917.171080. Adult female. Pulau Jimaja, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.September 22, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pycnonotus simplex axanlhizus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 78, 1932.
=Pycnonotus simplex halizonus Oberholser. See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 201, 1935.174754. Adult male. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna Island), northernNatuna Islands, South China Sea. July 13, 1900, Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Pycnonotus simplex obiitus DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 44 (4) : 124, May 3, 1954.174759. Adult male. Pulau Serasan (lat. 2?31' N., long. 109?02' E.),southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June 3, 1900. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Pycnonotus erytbropthalmos isus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 10, Oct. 26, 1912.=Pycnonotus erythropthalmos erythropthalmos (Hume). See Ripley,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 388, 389, 1944.179341. Adult male. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean oil Sumatra. January 25, 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Pycnonotus erythropthalmos pammicrus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 11, Oct. 26, 1912.^=Pycnonotus erythropthalmos erythropthalmos (Hume). See Ripley,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 388, 389, 1944.180939. Adult female. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. March 15, 1905. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
362 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Pycnoiiotus erythropthaimos cyanochrus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 10, Oct. 26, 1912.=Pycnonotus erythropthaimos erythropthaimos (Hume). See Ripley,Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 388, 389, 1944.181127. Adult male. Salat Rupat=Rupat Strait (about lat. 1?42' N.,long. 101?27' E.), eastern Sumatra. February 27, 1906. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Audropadus fricki MearnsSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 61 (25) : 4, Feb. 16, 1914.
=Pycnonotus insularis fricki (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 121, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28: 23, 1943.244778. Adult male. Northern base of Ndoto Mountain (between LakeRudolf and Archer's Post), Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony.July 20, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23110.Childs Flick Expedition to Ethiopia and Kenya Colony.Andropadus fricki kitungensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 4, Feb. 16, 1914.
=Pycnonotus insularis kitungensis (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 121, 122, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York28: 23, 1943.213539. Adult male. "Sir Alfred Pease's Farm" (at elev. 7,000 feet),near Katanga, Machakos District, Central Province, Kenya Colony.May 8, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 15711.Smithsonian African Expedition.Stelgidocichla latirostris pallida MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 5, Feb. 16, 1914.Pycnonotus latirostris wiliiamsi DeignanAuk 69 (4) : 465, Nov. 25, 1952.=Pycnonotus latirostris wiliiamsi Deignan.217670. Adult male. Mount Gargues (at elev. 7,100 feet). NorthernFrontier District, Kenya Colony. Aug. 25, 1911. Collected by Ed-mund Heller. Original number 247. Rainey African Expedition(1911).In the genus Pycnonotus, Mearns's name for this form is preoccupied byPycnonotus layardi pallidus Roberts, 1912.Stelgidocichla latirostris saturata MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 6, Feb. 16, 1914.=Pycnonotus latirostris saturatus (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153(2): 122-123, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York28: 23, 1943.215274. Adult male. "On the Honi River, south-west base of MountKenia," Central Province, Kenya Colony. September 17, 1909. Col-lected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 16841. SmithsonianAfrican Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 363Genus CHLOROCICHLA Bowdler SharpeChlorocichla flavivenlris meruensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 3, Feb. 16, 1914.
=Chlorocichla flavivenlris centralis Reichenow. See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 120-121, 1937.244777. Adult male. Meru Forest (on the northeastern slopes of MountKenya), Meru District, Central Province, Kenya Colony, August 10,1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23546. ChildsFrick Expedition to Ethiopia and Kenya Colony.Genus PHYLLASTREPHUS SwainsonPhyllastrephus strepitans fricki MearnsSmithsonsian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 1, Feb. 16, 1914.
=Phyllastrephus strepitans (Reichenow) . See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 115, 116, 1937.244836. Adult male. "On the Tana River, below Camp No. 4," CentralProvince, Kenya Colony. August 17, 1912. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 23716. Childs Frick Expedition to Ethiopiaand Kenya Colony.Phyllastrephus cerviniventris lonnbergi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 2, Feb. 16, 1914.244837. Adult male. "On the Government Trail, Tharaka District"("country on Upper Tana above falls," fide Jackson, Birds of KenyaColony and the Uganda Protectorate Irxxxviii, 1938), Central Prov-ince, Kenya Colony. August 12, 1912. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 23569. Childs Frick Expedition toEthiopia and Kenya Colony.Phyllastrephus placidus keniensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (25) : 2, Feb. 16, 1914.
=Phyllastrephus fischeri placidus (Shelley). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 117-118, 1937.215281. Adult male. Mount Kenya (at elev. 8,500 feet). Central Prov-ince, Kenya Colony. October 10, 1909. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 17066. Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus CRINIGER TemminckCriniger pallidus isani DeignanSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 134 (2) : 4, Oct. 25, 1956.459700. Adult male. Ban Muang Khai (lat. 17?30' N., long. 101?20'E.), Province of Loei, Thailand. January 14, 1955. Collected byRobert E. Elbel. Original number RE 4470. United States Opera-tions Mission to Thailand.
364 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Criniger pallidus khmerensis DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (2) : 4, Oct. 25, 1956.360999. Adult male. Banteai Srei (lat. 13?16' N., long. 104?07' E.),Province of Siem Reap, Cambodia. January 1940. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1292 A.Criniger ochraceus crinilus DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 44 (4) : 125, May 3, 1954.
=Criniger ochraceus ochraceus Moore. See Deignan, Smithsonian Misc.Coll. 134 (2) : 5, 1956.450785. Adult (sex not indicated). Ban Hin Laem (lat. 14?40' N., long.98?40' E.) , Province of Kanchanaburi, Thailand. November 17, 1952.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 194.Criniger sordidus RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 320, May 12, 1900.
=Criniger ochraceus sordidus Richmond. See Deignan, SmithsonianMisc. Coll. 134 (2): 6, 1956.169893. Adult male. Khao Soi Dao (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?50' E.),Province of Trang, Thailand. February 14, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Genus HYPSIPETES VigorsMicroscelis charlottae lelthakuni DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 44 (4) : 125, May 3, 1954.
=Hypsipetes propinquus lekhakuni (Deignan), fide Deignan (ms.).450792. Adult female. Ban Hin Laem (lat. 14?40' N., long. 98?40' E.),Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. November 16, 1952. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 180. ' .-.'Microscelis charlottae simulator DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 (1) : 5, Mar. 4, 1948.
=Hypsipetes propinquus simulator (Deignan), fide Deignan (MS.).330453. Adult female. Ban Hup Bon (lat. 13?05' N., long. 101 ?05' E.),Chon Buri (not Rayong) Province, Thailand. Nov. 3, 1931. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 5106.Microscelis charlottae innectens DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 (1) : 6, Mar. 4, 1948.=Hypsipetes propinquus innectens (Deignan), fide Deignan (MS.).332438. Adult (sex not indicated). Trang Bom (lat. 10?56' N., long.107?00' E.), Bien Hoa Province, Cochinchine. August 7, 1932. Col-lected by A. Poilane. Original number 38.lole olivacea crypla OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31 (46) : 197, Dec. 30, 1918.
=Hypsipetes charlottae cryptus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (MS.).171079. Adult male. Pulau Jemaja (lat. 2?55' N., long. 105?45' E.),Anaraba Islands, South China Sea. September 22, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 365lole olivacea perplexa RileyJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 29 (1) : 40, Jan. 15, 1939.
=Hypsipetes charlottae perplexus (Riley), fide Deignan (MS.).1824'91. Immature (not adult) female. Labuan Kelambu (lat. 1?15' N.,long. 118?39' E.), Berau District, Samarinda Division, Borneo. June28, 1913. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 909.Microscelis ictericus guglielmi RipleySpolia Zeylanica 24 (3) : 230, Nov. 8, 1946.
=Hypsipetes indicus guglielmi (Ripley), fide Deignan (ms.).377361. Adult male. Depedene Estate, near Rakwana, SabaragamuwaProvince, Ceylon. September 29, 1944. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley.Original number 311.Criniger simplex WallaceIbis 4 (16) : 350, October 1862.
=Hypsipetes affinis chloris (Finsch), fide Deignan (MS.).95686. Adult (sex not indicated). Gilolo Island^^^Halmahera Island,Molucca Islands, Indonesia. 1861. Collected by ? Allen, for AlfredR. Wallace. Received from the British Museum (Natural History),London.Wallace based this form upon a series of unknown length from the islandsof Batjan, Halmahera, and Morotai. While Bowdler Sharpe (Catalogue ofthe birds in the British Museum 6: 85, 1882) has designated a skin fromHalmahera in London as the type, his action has merely restricted the typelocality, and our No. 95686 has as strong a claim to typeship as any otherof the four Halmahera specimens listed by Sharpe.lole cinereiceps Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 25, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Hypsipetes siquijorensis cinereiceps (Bourns and Worcester), fideDeignan (ms.).316153. Adult male. Romblon Island, Philippine Islands. September5, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2178 ofthe Menage Collection.316154. Adult female. Romblon Island, Philippine Islands. September10, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2194of the Menage Collection.Although this name was based upon a series of at least 19 males and fourfemales (of which three from Tablas and 16 from Romblon are now in thecollection of the U.S. National Museum), I gladly avail myself of the factthat the two specimens listed above have the word "type" written upon thelabels, presumably by one of the authors.
366 U-S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221lole monticola Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 25, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Hypsipetes siquijorensis monticola (Bourns and Worcester), fideDeignan (ms.).315435. Aduit male. Toledo, Cebu Island, Philippine Islands. June 10,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Receivedfrom the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the Min-nesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2217 of theMenage Collection.315436. Adult male. Toledo, Cebii Island, Philippine Islands. June 10,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Receivedfrom the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the Min-nesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2216 of theMenage Collection.316151. Adult male. Toledo, Cebii Island, Philippine Islands. June 14,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Receivedfrom the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the Min-nesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2218 of theMenage Collection.This name was bestowed upon a series of at least four males and at leastfour females, but the description was based upon the "Adult male." Sincethe females are referred to only by measurements, I prefer to consider ourNo. 316152 a mere paratype, despite the fact that one of the authors haswritten the word "type" upon its label.Hypsipetes aniaurotis hensoni StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 347, Aug. 2, 1892.96280. Adult male. Hakodate, Hokkaido Island, Japan. Feb. 12, 1877.Collected by Thomas W. Blakiston. Original number 2154.Hypsipetes batanensis MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2(5) sec. A: 357, October 1907.
=Hypsipetes amaurotis batanensis Mearns, fide Deignan (ms.)202092. Adult male. Santo Domingo de Basco (in the foothills of MountIrada), Batan Island, Philippine Islands. May 27, 1907. Collectedby Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23. Received from Edgar A.Mearns (in whose private collection it was No. 15199)
.
The specimen here listed is the type of Mearns's description only; thetypes of McGregor's homonym {loc. cit., p. 342) were 18 birds in the collec-tion of the Philippine Bureau of Science.According to Mearns' original description, his Hypsipetes batanensis is
"exactly like topotypes of Hypsipetes fugensis Grant, but larger, and withthe forehead rufescent instead of cinereous." The words "rufescent" and
"cinereous" should be reversed!Ixos nicclellandii loquax DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 99 (18) : 2, Dec. 11, 1940.
=Hypsipetes mcclellandii loquax (Deignan), fide Deignan (ms.).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 367350105. Adult female. Doi Phu Kha (lat. 19?05' N., long. 101?05' E.),at elev. 4,500 feet, Nan Province, Thailand. Apr. 14, 1936. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 1168.Ixos canesccns [sic] RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46 (32) : 155, Oct. 26, 1933.
=Hypsipetes mcclellandii canescens (Riley), fide Deignan (ms.).324490. Adult male. Khao Kuap (lat. 12?25' N., long. 102?50' E.),Trat Province, Thailand. Dec. 24, 1929. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 3560.Microscelis flavala remotum DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 70 (8) : 4, June 28, 1957.
=Hypsipetes flavala remotus (Deignan), fide Deignan (ms.).360982. Adult female. Lang Bian Peaks (lat. 12?02' N., long. 108?26'E.), Haut-Donai Province, Annam. December 1939. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1133.Hypsipetes nigerrima [sic] GouldProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1862 (3) : 282, February 1863.
=Hypsipetes madagascariensis nigerrimus Gould, fide Deignan (ms.).37707. Adult (sex not indicated). Northern Formosa. April 1862.Collected by Robert Swinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram, ofwhose private collection it once formed part.37737. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 37707.Other cotypes of this form are the three skins listed in "Catalogue of theBirds in the British Museum" (6: 41, 1882) and at least one of those listedin "Catalogue of a Collection of Birds belonging to H. B. Tristram . . ."(p. 176,1889).Microscelis psaroides impar RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 (27) : 133, Nov. 8, 1940.
=H'ypsipetes madagascariensis concolor Blyth, fide Deignan (ms.).360989. Adult male. Near Dalat (lat. 11?55' N., long. 108?26' E.),Phanrang Province, Annam. October 1939. Collected by JosephF. C. Rock. Original number 833.Ixocincla madagascariensis rostrata RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 597, Aug. 16, 1893 (advance sheets).
=Hypsipetes madagascariensis rostratus (Ridgway), fide Deignan (MS.).128658. Adult male. Aldabra Island, Aldabra Islands, western IndianOcean north of Madagascar. Oct. 2, 1892. Collected by William L.Abbott.Ixocincla madagascariensis grolei FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42 (26) : 216, Dec. 4, 1929.
=Hypsipetes madagascariensis grotei (Friedmann), fide Deignan (MS.).128664. Adult male. Gloriosa Island, Gloriosa Islands, western IndianOcean north of Madagascar. Jan. 26, 1893. Collected by William L.Abbott.
368 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family TIMALIIDAE: Babbling ThrushesGenus PELLORNEUM SwainsonPellorneuni nipalense Bowdler SharpeCatalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7: 518, 1883.
=Pellorneum ruficeps mandellii Blanford. See Deignan, SmithsonianMisc. Coll. 107 (14): 6, 1947.98137. Adult (sex not indicated). Nepal. Collected by Brian H.Hodgson. Original number 377. Received from the British Museum(Natural History)
.
Bowdler Sharpe's name was based upon a series of twelve specimens,among which were representatives of what are now conceived to be two orthree different races. The possible cotypes of nipalense, in its restrictedsense, are the seven listed from Nepal (of which this is one), the two fromthe Darjeeling District, and the one from the Duars of Bhutan.Pellorneum ruficeps stageri DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 107 (14) : 8, Oct. 20, 1947.377762. Aduh male. N'Pon Village (on the left bank of the IrrawaddyRiver, 15 miles north of Myitkyina), Myitkyina District, Kachin State,Burma. May 17, 1945. Collected by Kenneth E. Stager. Originalnumber B-176. Received from the United States of America TyphusCommission.Pellorneum ruficeps indigtinctum DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 107 (14) : 16, Oct. 20, 1947.336635. Adult male. Chiang Saen Kao (lat. 20? 15' N., long. 100?05'E.), Province of Chiang Rai, northernmost Siani. Jan. 12, 1937.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 2188.Pellorneum ruficeps chthonium DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 107 (14) : 14, Oct. 20, 1947.336631. Adult female. Doi Suthep (lat. 18?50' N., long. 98''55' E.),at elev. 2,900 feet. Province of Chiang Mai, northwestern Siam. Nov.21, 1936. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 1932.Pellorneum ruficeps insularuni DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 107 (14) : 12, Oct. 20, 1947.180408. Adult female. Domel Island (lat. 11?37' N., long. 98?16' E.),Mergui Archipelago, Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma.Jan. 25, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.Pellorneum ruficeps acrum DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 107 (14) : 13, Oct. 20, 1947.330563. Adult male. Yala (lat. 6?30' N., long. 101?15' E.), Province ofYala, peninsular Siam. Jan. 30, 1931. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith.Original number 4512.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 369Pellorneum ruficeps elbeli DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69(36) : 208, Dec. 31, 1956.459792. Adult male. Ban Na Muang, near Muang Daen Sai (lat. 17? 15'N., long. 10F05' E.), Loei Province, Thailand. Oct. 7, 1954. Col-lected by Robert E. Elbel. Original number RE 4110. U.S. OperationsMission to Thailand.Pellorneum ruficeps eurouni DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 107 (14) : 19, Oct. 20, 1947.337119. Adult male. Chanthaburi (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?05' E.),Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. Apr. 19, 1937. Collected by HerbertG. Deignan. Original number 2527.Pellorneum smithi RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37 (22) : 129, Oct. 21, 1924.
=^Pellorneum ruficeps smithi Riley. See Deignan, Smithsonian Misc.Coll. 107 (14): 19-20, 1947.277379. Adult female. Ko Chang (lat. 12^00' N., long. 102?30' E.),Trat Province, Thailand. Apr. 4, 1924. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith.Pellorneum ruficeps dilloni DelacourL'Oiseau et la Revue frangaise d'Ornithologie 21 (2) : 90, 1951.278486. Adult female. Trang Bom (lat. 10?56' N., long. 107?00' E.),Province of Bien Hoa, Cochin-China. May 31, 1918. Collected byCecil Boden Kloss.Pellorneum ruficeps dcignani DelacourL'Oiseau et la Revue frangaise d'Ornithologie 21 (2) : 89, 1951.278485. Adult male. Da Ban (lat. 12?38' N., long. 109?06' E.), Provinceof Phanrang, southern Annam. Mar. 23, 1918. Collected by CecilBoden Kloss.Pellorneum fuscocapillum scortilluni RipleySpolia Zeylanica 24 (3) : 226, Nov. 8, 1946.377350. Adult male. Depedene Estate, near Rakwana, SabaragamuwaProvince, Ceylon. Sept. 29, 1944. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley.Original number 306.Drymocataphus nigrocaphatus nyctilampis OberholseiSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 10, Sept. 27, 1922.^=Pellorneum capisiratum nyctilampis (Oberholser), ^c?e Deignan (MS.).180572. Adult male? Bukit Parmasang (lat. 2?35' S., long. 105?57' E.),Bangka Island (east of Sumatra). June 15, 1904. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Drymocataphus albiventcr vicinus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 132, Nov. 8, 1940.
=Pellorneum albiventre cinnamomeum (Rippon), fide Deignan (MS.).360926. Adult male. Fimnon, Province of Phanrang, southern Annam.November 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C, Rock. Original number1057.
370 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus LEONARDINA MearnsLeonardia woodi MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 2, Jan. 20, 1905.
=Leonardina woodi (Mearns) , fide Deignan (MS.)
.
192260. Adult male. Todaya (elev. 4,000 feet), Mount Apo, Province ofDavao, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 11, 1904. Collectedby Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13689.Genus TRICHASTOMA BlythAnuropsis malaccensis driophila OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 9, Sept. 27, 1902.
=Trichastoma malaccense malaccense (Hartlaub), fide Deignan (ms.).169877. Adult male. Khao Soi Dao (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?50' E.),Province of Trang, Thailand. Feb. 19, 1899. Collected by William L.Abbott.Anuropsis malaccensis drymodrama OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 9, Sept. 27, 1922.
=Trichastoma malaccense malaccense (Hartlaub), fide Deignan (ms.).181304. Adult male. Sungei Mandau (a stream entering the Sungei Siakfrom the north at about lat. 0?46' N., long. 101?46' E.) , Sumatra. Nov.29, 1906. Collected by William L. Abbott.Anuropsis malaccensis exsanguis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 8, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Trichastoma malaccense malaccense (Hartlaub), fide Deignan (MS.).179355. Adult male. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 24, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Anuropsis malaccensis nesitis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 8, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Trichastoma malaccense malaccense (Hartlaub), fide Deignan (ms.).179966. Adult male. Pulau Tana Massa, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 20, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Anuropsis malaccensis docima OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 10, Sept. 27, 1922.
=Trichastoma malaccense saturatum (Robinson and Boden Kloss), fideDeignan (ms.).180584. Adult female. Tanjong Tedong (lat. 2?22' S., long. 105?48'E.), Bangka Island (east of Sumatra). June 1, 1904. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Aethostoma rostrata [sic] paganica [sic] OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 12, Sept. 27, 1922.
=Trichastoma rostratum rostratum Blyth, fide Deignan (MS.).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 371181308. Adult male. Upper Sungei Siak (probably at about lat. 0^46'N., long. 101?46' E.) , Sumatra. Nov. 21, 1906. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Aethostoma rostrata [sic] aethalea [sic] OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 12, Sept. 27, 1922.
=Trichastoma rostratum rostratum Blyth, fide Deignan (MS.).180268. Adult male. Pulau Karimon Anak (lat. 1?03' N., long. 103?22'E.), Riouw Archipelago, Straits of Malacca. June 3, 1903. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Erythrocichla bicolor bankana RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51:96, May 19, 1938.
==Trichastoma bicolor (hesson) , fide Deignan (ms.).180585. Adult male. Klabat Bay (about lat. 1?35' S., long. 105?40' E.),Bangka Island (east of Sumatra). June 23, 1904. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Aethostoma celebense connectens MayrOrn. Monatsb. 46 (5) : 157, Sept. 30, 1938.
=Trichastoma celebense connectens (Mayr), fide Deignan (ms.).251969. Adult male. Pinedapa, a short distance inland from Mapane(lat. 1?26'S., long. 120?40' E.), central Celebes. Jan. 22, 1918. Col-lected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 4947.Elocincla aenigma RileyJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 29 (1) : 39, Jan. 15, 1939.:=Trichastoma sepiarium perspiciUatum (Bonaparte) , fide Deignan (ms.) .181562. Adult male. Klumpang Bay (about lat. 3?00' S., long. 116? 10'E.), southeastern Borneo. Mar. 5, 1908. Collected by William L.Abbott.IVIalacocincIa abboUi williamsoiii DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (5) : 185, May 20, 1948.
=Trichastoma abbotti williamsoni (Deignan), fide Deignan (ms.).324357. Adult male. Sathani Pak Chong (lat. 14?40' N., long. 101 ?25'E.), Province of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Nov. 16, 1929. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 3457.Malacocincla abbotti obscurior DeignanJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (5) : 185, May 20, 1948.
=Trichastoma abbotti obscurius (Deignan), fide Deignan (ms.).333912. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?15' E.),Province of Chanthaburi, Thailand. Oct. 25, 1933. Collected byHugh McC. Smith. Original number 6545.Malacocincla abbotti rufescentior DeignanJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (5) : 184, May 20, 1948.
=Trichastoma abbotti abbotti (Blyth), fide Deignan (MS.).330572. Adult female. Ban Tha Lo (about 9?05' N., long. 99?15' E.),Province of Surat Thani, Thailand. Sept. 20, 1931. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 4982.
372 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Malacocincla abbotti eritora OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 11, Sept. 27, 1922.
=Trichastoma abbotti eritorum (Oberholser), y?c?e Deignan (MS.).180586. Adult male. Telok Buding (lat. 2?38' S., long. 108?20' E.),Billiton Island (between Sumatra and Borneo). Aug. 6, 1904. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Malacocincla abbotti baweana OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52: 194, Feb. 8, 1917.
=Trichastoma abbotti baweanum (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).181560. Adult male. Bawean Island, Java Sea between Java and Borneo.Nov. 23, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Malacocincla abbotti sirensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 195, Nov. 2, 1917.
=Trichastoma abbotti sirense (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).181561. Adult male. Pulau Mata Siri (lat. 4?48' S., long. 115?48' E.),Laurot Islands, eastern Java Sea. Dec. 11, 1907. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott. Genus MALACOPTERON EytonMalacornis cinerea niasensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 61, Apr. 21, 1937.
=Malacopteron cinereum niasense (Riley) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 381, 1944.180938. Adult male. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean o?E Sumatra. Mar. 10, 1905. Collected by William L.Abbott.Malacopteron notatum RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 190, Aug. 6, 1902.
==Malacopteron affine notatum Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 381-382, 1944.179346. Adult male. Pulau Bangkaru, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 17, 1902. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Malacopteron affine phoeniceuni DeignanZoologica, New York 35 (2) : 127, Aug. 1, 1950.182081. Adult male. Segah River (at about lat. 2" 12' N., long. 117?06'E.), eastern Borneo. Nov. 5, 1912. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 372.Genus POMATORHINUS HorsfieldPomatorhinus montanus salinialii RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 (18) : 101, June 16, 1948.
=Pomatorhinus schisticeps salimalii Ripley, fide Deignan (ms.).390314. Adult male. Tezu (elev. 648 feet), Mishmi Hills Tribal District,Assam State, India. Jan. 13, 1947. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 373Original number 400. Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedi-tion.Pouiatorliinus schisticeps difiacilis DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. V/ashington 69 (36) : 208, Dec. 31, 1956.336655. Adult male. Doi Luang Chiang Dao (lat. 19? 25' N., long.98?55' E.), Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Nov. 23, 1936. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 2010.Poniatorhinus ochraceiceps alius RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 (11) : 47, Apr. 19, 1940.359059. Adult (sex not indicated). Dran (elev. 3,000 feet), PhanrangProvince, Annam. July 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Orig-inal number 574.Poniatorhinus erylhrogenys sowerbjd DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65 (20) : 122, Aug. 5, 1952.211874. Adult male. "12 miles south of Fushih [Yenan-fuJ," northernShensi Province, China. Jan. 8, 1909. Collected by Arthur de C.Sowerby.Poniatorhinus erythrogenys stoneae DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65(20) : 121, Aug. 5, 1952.296714. Adult male. "In the mountains near Yangtza [about lat. 28? 15'N., long. 98?48' E.]," Yunnan Province, China. November 1923.Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1441.Poniatorhinus erythrogenys decarlei DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65 (20) : 121, Aug. 5, 1952.312267. Adult male. Nguluko (a settlement at elev. 10,000 feet in themountains just north of Likiang), northwestern Yunnan Province,China. January-February 1929. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock.Original number 935.Poniatorhinus erythrogenys celatus DeignanZoologica, New York 26 (3) : 241, Oct. 31, 1941.336873. Adult male. Doi Luang Chiang Dao (lat. 19?25' N., long.98? 55' E.) , Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Mar. 20, 1937. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 2429.Poniatorhinus erythrocnemis GouldProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1862 (3) : 281, February 1863.
=Pomatorhinus erythrogenys erythrocnemis Gould. See Deignan, Proc.Biol. Soc. Washington 65 (20) : 124, 1952.37711. Adult (sex not indicated). Northern Formosa. April 1862.Collected by Robert Swinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram, ofwhose private collection it once formed part.Other cotypes of this form are at least one of the four skins listed byBowdler Sharpe (Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 7: 427, 1883),and the two listed by Tristram (Catalogue of a collection of birds belongingto H. B. Tristram . . ., p. 137, 1889)
.
374 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus XIPHIRHYNCHUS BIythXiphirhyuchus superciliaris intextus RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61; 105, June 16, 1948.400920. Adult female. Dreyi (elev. 5,140 feet), Mishmi Hills, SadiyaFrontier Tract, Assam State, India. Jan. 6, 1947. Collected by S.Dillon Ripley. Original number 325. Smithsonian Institution-YaleUniversity Expedition.Genus PTILOCICHLA Bowdler SharpePtilocichla minuta Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 24, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Ptilocichla basilanica minuta Bourns and Worcester. See Hachisuka,The Birds of the Philippine Islands 2 (4) : 404, 1935; Delacour andMayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 187-188, 1946.316168. Adult male. Catbalogan, Samar Island, Philippine Islands. Aug.11, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was part of theMenage Collection. (Number unknown.)316169. Adult female. Catbalogan, Samar Island, Philippine Islands.August 4, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2479 ofthe Menage Collection.Genus NAPOTHERA G. R. GrayNapothera crispifrons calcicola DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 29 (4) : 177, Apr. 15, 1939.332024. Adult male. Sathani Hin Lap (lat. 14?40' N., long. 101?10' E.),Sara Buri Province, Thailand. Dec. 8, 1931. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 5208.Corythocichla brevicaudata cognata RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 46 (32) : 156, Oct. 26, 1933.
=Napothera brevicaudata griseigularis (Delacour and Jabouille), fideDeignan (ms.).324378. Adult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102?15' E.),Chanthaburi Province, Thailand. Jan. 7, 1930. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 3625.Turdinulus granti RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22 (1201) : 320, May 12, 1900.
=Napothera epilepidota granti (Richmond). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 218, 1935.169874. Adult male. Khao Soi Dao (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?50' E.),Trang Province, Thailand. Feb. 11, 1899. Collected by William L.Abbott.
TYPE SPECEVIENS OF BIRDS 375Genus SPELAEORNIS Bowdler SharpeSpelaeornis badeigularis RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 (18) : 103, June 16, 1948.390335 (not 390355). Adult female. Dreyi (elev. 5,140 feet), MishmiHills Tribal District, Assam State, India. Jan. 5, 1947. Collected by S.Dillon Ripley. Original number 281. Smithsonian Institution-YaleUniversity Expedition.Spelaeornis rocki RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42 (25) : 214, Oct. 17, 1929.
=Spelaeornis troglodytoides rocki Riley. See Ripley, Auk 67 : 390, 1950.296784. Adult female. Mountains of Hofuping, Mekong Valley, north-western Yunnan Province, China. November 1923. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1304.Genus STACHYRIS BlythStachyris rodolphei DeignanPubl. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. (zool. ser.) 24 (10) : 110, Sept. 19, 1939.336891. Adult male. Doi Chiang Dao (lat. 19?25' N., long. 98?55' E.),at elev. 3,525 feet, Chiang Mai Province, northwestern Siam. Mar. 21,1937. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 2433.Stachyridopsis ruficeps pagauus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 132, Nov. 8, 1940.
=Stachyris ruficeps paganus (Riley), ^^e Deignan (MS.).360911. Adult male. Fimnon, Province of Phanrang, southern Annam.November 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number1042.Stachyris chrysops RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 157, June 25, 1902.
=Stachyris chrysaea chrysops Richmond. See Chasen, Handlist of Malay-sian birds, p. 223, 1935.160566. Adult male. Khao Nam Pliu (lat. 7?35' N., long. 99?50' E.),at elev. 3,000 feet, peninsular Siam. Feb. 22, 1897. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Stachyris nigriceps dipora OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 7, Sept. 27, 1922.169865. Adult male. Khao Soi Dao (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?50' E.), atelev. 2,000 feet. Province of Trang, peninsular Siam. Feb. 2, 1899. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Stachyris striolata nigrescenlior DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 37 (3) : 104, Mar. 15, 1947.169854. Adult male. Khao Nok Ra (lat. 7?25' N., long. 99?55' E.), atelev. 2,000 feet. Province of Trang, peninsular Siam. Jan. 15, 1899.Collected by William L. Abbott.500936?61 23
370 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Stachyris banjakensis RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 190, Aug. 6, 1902.
^^Stachyris maculata banjakensis Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mas.Comp. Zool. 94: 383, 1944.179344. Adult male. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 24, 1902. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Siachyris maculata hy|>opyrrha OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 9, Oct. 26, 1912.179976. Adult male. Pulau Pini, Batu Group, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 6, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Cyanoderma fulviveiilris \_sic\ RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 507, Feb. 4, 1903.
=Stachyris erythroptera julviventrls (Richmond) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 383, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 31: 4, 1946.179359. Adult male. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 1, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Cyanoderma erythropteriim pellum OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 9, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Stachyris erythroptera erythroptera (Blyth). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 384, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 31: 4, 1946.179971. Adult male. Pulau Tana Massa, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 20, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Cyanoderma erythroptera [sic] neocara [sic] OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 66, 1932.
=Stachyris erythroptera erythroptera (Blyth). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 223, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 31: 4,1946.174799. Adult male. Bunguran (Great Natuna) Island, northern NatunaIslands, South China Sea. July 20, 1900. Collected by William L.Abbott.Cyanoderma erythroptera [sic] eripella [sic] OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 7, Sept. 27, 1922.
^=Stachyris erythroptera pyrrophaea (Hartlaub). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian Birds, p. 223, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 31: 4,1946.181301. Adult male. Upper Sungei Siak (probably at about lat. 0?46' N.,long. 101?46' E.), Sumatra. Nov. 23, 1906. Collected by William L.Abbott.
TYPE SP1]CIMENS OF BIRDS 377Cyanoderma erylhroptcra [sic] apega [sic] ObeiholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 8, Sept. 27, 1922.
=Stachyris erythroptera apega (Oberholser) . See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian Birds, p. 224, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 31: 4,1946.180538. Adult male. Tanjong Tedong (lat. 2''22' S., long. 105?48' E.),Bangka Island (east of Sumatra). June 3, 1904. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott. Genus MACRONOUS Jardine and SelbyMacronus giilaris saraburiensis DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69: 209, Dec. 31, 1956.=Macronous gularis saraburiensis Deignan, fide Deignan (MS.).332019. Adult male. Sathani Hin Lap (lat. 14?40' N., long. 101?10' E.),Province of Sara Buri, Thailand. December 6, 1931. Collected byHugh McC. Smith. Original number 5200.Mixornis gularis vcrsuricola OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 5, Sept. 27, 1922.=Macronous gularis vcrsuricola (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).278480. Adult male. Da Ban (lat. 12?38' N., long. 109?06' E.) , Provinceof Phanrang, Annam. Mar. 22, 1918. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Mixornis gularis inveterata OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 5, Sept. 27, 1922.=Macronous gularis inveteratus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).249030. Adult male. Ko Kut (lat. ll'^40' N., long. 102?35' E.), Provinceof Trat, Thailand. Dec. 25, 1914. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Mixornis gularis arcliipelagica OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 4, Sept. 27, 1922.=Macronous gularis archipelagicus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (MS.).173211. Adult male. Domel Island (lat. 11?37' N., long. 98?16' E.),Mergui Archipelago, Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma.Feb. 27, 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Mixornis gularis chersonesophila OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 3, Sept. 27, 1922.
=MacroTious gularis chersonesophilus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).160543. Adult male. Province of Trang (about lat. 7?-8? N.), Thailand.Feb. 14, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Mixornis pileata zarliabdota OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 9, Oct. 26, 1912.=Macronous gularis gularis (Horsfield), fide Deignan (MS.).179357. Adult male. Pulau Bangkaru, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean oil Sumatra. Jan. 19, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.
378 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Mixornis pileata zaplera OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 9, Oct. 26, 1912.=Macronous gularis gularis (Horsfield) , fide Deignan (MS.)
.
179981. Adult male. Pulau Tana Massa, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 17, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Mixornis pileata zophera OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist) , 49, June 30, 1917.=Macronous gularis zopherus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (MS.).171062. Adult male. Pulau Telaga (lat. 3?04' N., long. 106?00' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Sept. 14, 1899. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Mixornis everetti HartertNov. Zool. 1(2): 472, Apr. 16, 1894.=Macronous gularis everetti {HaTiert) , fide Deignan (MS.).153956. Adult male. Bunguran (Great Natuna) Island, northern NatunaIslands, South China Sea. Sept. 30, 1893. Collected by Alfred H.Everett. Received from the Rothschild Museum, Tring.This specimen, marked on the label as a "Cotype," is in fact one of ten(eight males, two females). Hartert, long after No. 153956 had reachedWashington (Nov. Zool. 27:480, 1920), designated a male of October 14as the type, but the latter, now in the American Museum of Natural History,is, of course, merely a lectotype. Since, at the original description, the onlyexample specifically mentioned was collected on September 30, 1893, it isclear that the Washington bird has at least as strong a claim to typeship asany other.Mixornis rubicapilla zaperissa OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 68, 1932.=Macronous gularis zaperissus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (MS.).174795. Adult male. Pulau Lingung=Pulau Lagong (lat. 3?37' N., long.103?07' E.) , northern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June 14, 1900.Collected by William L. Abbott.Mixornis bornensis rnficoma OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 6, Sept. 27, 1922.=Macronous gularis ruficoma (Oberholser), ^(/e Deignan (MS.).180591. Adult male. Tanjong Tedong (lat. 2?22' S., long. 105?48' E.),Bangka Island (east of Sumatra). June 4, 1904. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Mixornis bornensis pontia OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 6, Sept. 27, 1922.=?Macronous gularis pontius (Oberholser), ^(/e Deignan (ms.).181538. Adult female. Pulau Laut (lat. 3?35' S., long. 116?10' E.),southeastern Borneo. Dec. 18, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 379Macronous mindanensis montanus MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 4, Jan. 20, 1905.Macronus striaticeps meariisi DeignanBull. Raffles Mus. 23: 128, May 9, 1951.=Macronous striaticeps mearnsi Deignan, fide Deignan (ms.) .192312. Adult male. Todaya (elev. 4,000 feet), Mount Apo, DavaoProvince, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 12, 1904. Col-lected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13728.Macronus striaticeps mearnsi Deignan is a new name for Macronousmindanensis montanus Mearns (preoccupied when Mixornis is combinedwith Macronous) , and is founded upon the same type specimen.Macronus ptilosus batuensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 61, Apr. 21, 1937.=Macronous ptilosus trichorrhos (Temminck), fide Deignan (ms.)-179984. Adult male. Pulau Tanah Bala (lat. 0?26' S., long. 98?26' E.),Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 13, 1903.Collected by William L. Abbott.Macronus ptilosus minor RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 62, Apr. 21, 1937.=Macronous ptilosus sordidus Chasen, fide Deignan (ms.).180576. Adult male. Klabat Bay (about lat. 1?35' S., long. 105?40' E.),Bangka Island (east of Sumatra). June 29, 1904. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott. Genus TIMALIA HorsfieldTimalia pileala sniithi DeignanBull. Brit. Orn. Club 75 (9) : 129, Dec. 1, 1955.450626. Adult male. Chiang Saen Kao (lat. 20? 15' N., long. 100?05' E.)
,
Province of Chiang Rai, Thailand. Feb. 22, 1953. Collected by HerbertG. Deignan. Original number 1257.Timalia pileata palriciae DeignanBull. Brit. Orn. Club 75 (9) : 129, Dec. 1, 1955.450627. Adult male. Ban Khlong Khlung (lat. 16? 10' N., long. 99?45'E.), Province of Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Apr. 19, 1953. Collectedby Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 1622.Genus CONOSTOMA HodgsonConostoma oeniodlum grnminicola DeignanZoologica, New York 35 (2) : 127, Aug. 1, 1950.314460. Adult male. Ndamucho ("south of Liitien [lat. 27? 12' N., long.99?28' E.]," fide collector), Mekong-Yangtze Divide (at elev. 14,000feet) , northwestern Yunnan Province, China. October 1929. Collectedby Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1547.
380 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEITM BULLETIN 221Genus GARRULAX LessonDryonastes perspicillatus slieiisiensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 43, Feb. 24, 1911.
=^Garrulax perspicillatus shensiensis (Riley). See Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 3 (4/5) : 2155, 1922; Delacour, L'Oiseau et laRevue frangaise d'Ornithologie (new ser.) 16: 27, 33, 1946.212067. Adult male. Fifteen miles S. of Sian-fu (elev, 1,500 feet) , ShensiProvince, China. Feb. 23, 1909. Collected by Arthur de C. Sowerby.Garrulax albogularis laetus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 134, July 18, 1930.317407. Adult female. Mount Omei (at elev. 3,000 feet) , Szechwan Prov-ince, China. Nov. 11, 1929. Collected by David C. Graham.Garrulax albogularis eous RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43 : 79, June 5, 1930. '314184. Adult female. Fu-chuan-shan, Mekong-Salwin Divide (at elev.9,800 feet), Yunnan Province, China. September 1929. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1667.Garrulax moniliger badius RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 102, June 16, 1948.390319. Adult male. Tezu, Mishmi Hills, Sadiya Frontier Tract, AssamState, India. Jan. 11, 1947. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Orig-inal number 376. Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedition.Garrulax siriaius vibex RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 103, May 25, 1950.391175. Adult female. Godavari, Central Valley, Nepal. Apr. 29, 1947.Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 1339. SmithsonianInstitution-Yale University Expedition. ^Garrulax ferrarius RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 190, Nov. 29, 1930.
=Garrulax strepilans ferrarius Riley. See Delacour, L'Oiseau et la Revuefrangaise d'Ornithologie (new ser.) 16: 27, 1946.324311. Adult male. Khao Kuap (lat. 12?25' N., long. 102?50' E.), TratProvince, southeastern Thailand. Dec. 27, 1929. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 3577.Dryonastes grahanii RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 35: 59, Mar. 20, 1922.
=Garrulax maesi grahami (Riley), fide Deignan (MS.).257204. Adult male. Shin Kai Si, Mount Omei, Szechwan Province,China. July 6, 1921. Collected by David C. Graham.Garrulax cbinensis locbinius DeignanZoologica, New York 26 (3) : 241, Oct. 31, 1941.336663. Adult male. Chiang Saen Kao (lat. 20?15' N., long. 100?05'E.), Province of Chiang Rai, Thailand. Jan. 15, 1937. Collected byHerbert G. Deignan. Original number 2177.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 381Garrulax citieraceiis strenuus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 70: 190, Dec. 31, 1957.296779. Adult male. Tsehchung Mountains (Mekong Valley), YunnanProvince, China. November 1923. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock.Original number 1372.Trochalopteroji Styani Oustalet (Nouv, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris[4] 3: 276-278, 1901), usually applied to this form, is preoccupied byTrochalopteron Styani Oustalet (Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4:224-226,253-255, 1898), a substitute name for Trochalopteron cincreiceps Styan,\^Ql=^Garrulax cineraceus cincreiceps (Styan).Garrulax rufogularis grosvcnori RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 104, May 25, 1950.408533. Adult male. Rekcha, Dailekh District, western Nepal. Dec. 28,1948. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 347. NationalGeographic Society-Yale University-Smithsonian Institution Expeditionto Nepal.Dryonastes bertheinyi ricinus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 80, June 5, 1930.
=Garrulax poecilorhynchus ricinus (Riley), fide Deignan (MS.).314188. Adult female (not male). Ndamucho ("south of Lutien [lat.27?12' N., long. 99?28' E.]"), Mekong-Yangtze Divide (at elev. 14,000feet), northwestern Yunnan Province, China. October 1929. Collectedby Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1486.Garrulax sannio coniis DeignanPostilla, Yale Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 11: 3, Mar. 26, 1952.296636. Adult male. Likiang Plain (elev. 8,200 feet), northwestern Yun-nan Province, China. Aug. 18, 1923. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock.Original number 1060.Garrulax sannio oblectans DeignanPostilla, Yale Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 11:3, Mar. 26, 1952.277649. Adult male. Near Ipin [Suifu] (elev. 1,400 feet), southwesternSzechwan Province, China. Nov. 22, 1923. Collected by David C.Graham.Garrulax erythrocephalus imprudens RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 102, June 16, 1948.400923. Adult female. Near the Tidding Saddle (above Dreyi), MishmiHills, Sadiya Frontier Tract, Assam State, India. Jan. 6, 1947.Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 328. SmithsonianInstitution-Yale University Expedition.Garrulax erythrocephalus schistaccus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 89, May 19, 1938.336871. Adult male. Doi Luang Chiang Dao (lat. 19?25' N., long. 98^55'E.), at elev. 7,000 feet, Chiang Mai Province, northwestern Thailand.Mar. 19, 1937. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number2418.
382 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Garrulax eiythrocephaliis subconnectens DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 90, May 19, 1938.350108. Adult male. Doi Phu Kha (lat. 19?05' N., long. 101?05' E.),at elev. 5,000 feet, Nan Province, northern Thailand. Apr. 6, 1936.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 1100.Genus LIOCICHLA SwinhoeLiocichla onieiensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 57, July 30, 1926.306163. Adult male. Si Gi Pin, Mount Omei (at elev. 6,000 feet),Szechwan Province, China. Aug. 7, 1925. Collected by David C.Graham. Genus LEIOTHRIX SwainsonLeiothrix argentauris gertrudis RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 103, June 16, 194S.390393. Adult male. Fort Denning, Mishmi Hills, Sadiya Frontier Tract,Assam State, India. Dec. 25, 1946. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley.Original number 96. Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedi-tion. Genus CUTIA HodgsonCutia nipalensis melanchima DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 37 (3) : 105, Mar. 15, 1947.330611. Adult female. Doi Langka=Khao Pha Cho (lat. 19?00' N., long.99?25' E.) , northern Thailand. Nov. 6, 1930. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 4292.Genus PTERUTHIUS SwainsonPteruthius erythroplerus schauenseei DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 36 (12) : 428, Dec. 31, 1946.311095. Adult male. Khao Luang (lat. 8?30' N., long. 99^45' E.), atelev. 4,000 feet, Province of Nakhon Si Thammarat, peninsular Thailand.July 20, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number2260. Genus ACTINODURA GouldActinodura egerfoni lewisi RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 105, June 16, 1948.390299. Adult male. Dreyi (elev. 5,140 feet), Mishmi Hills, SadiyaFrontier Tract, Assam State, India. Jan. 4, 1947. Collected by S. Dil-lon Ripley. Original number 272. Smithsonian Institution-Yale Uni-versity Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 383Actinodura nipalensis vinctura RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 104, May 25, 1950.408570. Adult female. Mangalbare, Dhankuta District, eastern Nepal.Feb. 1, 1949. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 678.National Geographic Society-Yale University-Smithsonian InstitutionExpedition to Nepal.Genus MINLA HodgsonMinla cyanouroptera croizali DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 71(33) : 162, Dec. 31, 1958.310764. Adult male. Ipin (Suifu), at elev. 3,000 ft., Szechwan Province,China. Apr. 2, 1928. Collected by David C. Graham.Genus YUHINA HodgsonYuhina flavicollis rogersi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 217, Dec. 28, 1937.350132. Adult male. Doi Phu Kha (lat. 19?05' N., long. 101?05' E.),Nan Province, northern Thailand. Apr. 10, 1936. Collected by HerbertG. Deignan. Original number 1145.Yuhina gularis oineiensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 134, July 18, 1930.317428. Adult male. Mount Omci (at elev. 4,000 feet), Szechwan Prov-ince, China. Jan. 15, 1929. Collected by David C. Graham.Yuhina nigrinientum quarta RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 134, July 18, 1930.=Yuhina nigrimentum intermedia Rothschild. See Mayr, in Stanfordand Mayr, Ibis (14) 5: 90, 1941.307776. Adult male. Near Tseo Jia Geo, south of Chang Lin Hsien (atelev. 3,000-4,000 feet), Province of Szechwan, China. Mar. 31, 1926.Collected by David C. Graham.Genus ALCIPPE BlythFulvetta insperata RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 123, June 13, 1930.
=Alcippe cinereiceps manipurensis (Ogilvie-Grant), fide Deignan (MS.).314150. Adult male. Ndamucho ("south of Liitien [lat. 27? 12' N., long.99?28' E.] and west of the Yangtze," fide collector), Mekong-YangtzeDivide (at elev. 14,000 feet), northwestern Yunnan Province, China.October 1929. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1573.Alcippe nipalensis eremila RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 49: 25, Mar. 9, 1936.=Alcippe peracensis eremita Riley, fide Deignan (MS.)
.
311093. Aduh male. IChao Saming (lat. 12?21' N., long. 102?27' E.),Province of Trat, Thailand. Oct. 16, 1923. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 2507.
384 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Alcippe cinerea hypocneca OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 8, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Alcippe brunneicauda brunneicauda (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 382-383, 1944.179949. Adult (sex not indicated). Pulau Pini, Batu Group, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 4, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Alcippornis brunneicauda epipolia OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 63, 1932.
=Alcippe brunneicauda brunneicauda (Salvadori), fide Deignan (ms.).174810. Adult male. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna Island), northernNatuna Islands, South China Sea. July 18, 1900. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Alcippornis brunneicauda eriphaea OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 74 (2) : 2, Sept. 27, 1922.=Alcippe brunneicauda eriphaea (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).178218. Adult male. Mount Liang Lubung (about lat. 0?39' N., long.113?17' E.), Boven Kapoeas District, Sintang Division, West Borneo.Mar. 25, 1894. Collected by Johannes Biittikofer. Original number733. Dutch Scientific Expedition to Central Borneo. Received fromthe Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.Alcippe niorrisoiiia SwinhoeIbisS: 296, July 1863.=Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia Swinhoe. See Mayr, in Stanford andMayr, Ibis (14) 5:73, 194L37776. Adult (sex not indicated). "N[orth]. Formosa." April 1862.Collected by Robert Swinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram.Swinhoe based this form upon an unstated number of cotypes of bothsexes, of which our No. 37776 is almost certainly one; others are presumablythe two in the Tristram Collection listed by Tristram in Catalogue of aCollection of Birds belonging to H. B. Tristram, p. 136, 1889. The data onSwinhoe's original label are: " ? ?/N. Formosa. April 1862."Alcippe nipaiensis comnioda RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 104, June 16, 1948.390348. Adult male. Fort Denning, ?vlishmi Hills, Sadiya Frontier Tract,Assam Province, India. Dec. 29, 1946. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley.Original number 175. Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedi-tion. Genus HETEROPIIASIA BlythLeioptila annectens exiniia RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 43, Apr. 19, 1940.
=Heterophasia annectens eximia (Riley), fide Deignan (MS.).359014. Adult female. Dalat ("Forests of Cam-ly"), Province of HautDonai, southern Annam. July 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock.Original number 365.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 385llelerophasia capistrata tecta DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 15, Mar. 4, 1948.
=Heterophasia melanoleuca dcsgodinsi (Oustalet), fide Deignan (MS.).286571. Adult male. Nguluko (a settlement at elev. 10,000 feet in themomitains just north of Likiang), northwestern Yunnan Province,China. Apr. 10, 1923. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Originalnumber 159.Sibia picaoides cana RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 166, May 29, 1929.
=Heterophasia picaoides cana (Riley). See Riley, U.S. Nat. Mus.BuU. 172 : 356, 1938.311496. Adult male. Doi Angka=Doi Inthanon (lat. 18''35' N., long.98?30' E.), at elev. 7,500 feet, Province of Chiang Mai, northwesternThailand. Dec. 6, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Originalnumber 2704. Family CINCLIDAE: DippersGenub CINCLUS BorkhausenCinclus niortoni AudubonBirds of America (folio), vol. 5, No. 87, pi. 435, fig. 2, 1838.Cinclus Mortoni "(Townsend)" TownsendNarrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the ColumbiaRiver, Appendix, pp. 133 (in catalogue) , 339, April 1839.=Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 106, 1934.2862. Adult (sex not indicated). "Oregon?" Collected by John K.Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it fromJohn J. Audubon.The oldest label carried by this specimen is Baird's; its data are: "Cinclusamericanus Sw./2862. J.K.T./N/Oregon?" ("N" was Baird's symbol forskins presented him by Audubon)
.
Cinclus Mortoni was based by Townsend upon one specimen, a male,
"shot by Captain W. Brotchie, near Fort McLoughlin [McLaughlin], on theN.W. coast of America, in latitude about 49? N." Cinclus Townsendi (seebelow) was similarly named by ToAvnsend from a female procured "in thevicinity of Fort Vancouver." Since, on Townsend's own authority, we knowthat he possessed but two examples of the dipper, and Baird obtained fromAudubon two skins of Cinclus, each putatively collected by Townsend, oneis forced to consider the possibility that our Nos. 2861 and 2862 are thetypes of Cinclus Townsendi and C. Mortoni.It may be said at once that neither description agrees with either of theseskins, but, in fact, such statements as "belly . . . slightly banded trans-versely with blackish" and "the whole inferior surface of the body . . .banded transversely with blackish" do not fit any specimen of the American
386 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221dipper ever examined by me, and one must suppose that the descriptionswere drawn up from memory, which would account for these and otherserious discrepancies.The chief putative differences between Cinclus Mortoni and C. Townsendiare the shorter length of the former ("about 5 inches," against "about 7inches") and its shorter tail. No. 2862 is, in the dried skin, about 6V2inches long, while No. 2861 is about 8 inches long; the tail of No. 2862 isa full half inch shorter tlian that of No. 2861 and appears even shorter asa result of its make-up.In short, while it can now never be proved, there is reason to believe thatthese two specimens are the true types of Townsend's two supposedly newdippers.It is necessary to point out that the site of "Fort McLoughlin" lay far tothe north of the 49th Parallel. Duflot de Mofras (Exploration du Territoirede rOregon, vol. 2, 1844, pp. 146-147) locates it as follows: "En quittantI'entree nord du detroit de Juan Fuca [Queen Charlotte Sound], et en re-montant la cote, on rencontre le cap Circonspection [Cape Caution], audela duquel apparaissent au large les rochers de la Vierge, petits ilots fortdangereux. Au nord de ces ilots, se trouve I'ile Calvert, la plus sud deTarchipel de la Princesse Royale. Le fort anglais de Mac Loughlin, ainsinomme en I'honneur du surintendant, fonde en 1833, est situe dans I'ansede la Loutre, sur I'ile immediatement au-dessus de celle de Calvert . . ."Cinclus townsendi AudubonBirds of America (folio), vol. 5, No. 87, pi. 435, fig. 1, 1838.Cinclus Townsendi "(Audubon)" TownsendNarrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, to the ColumbiaRiver, Appendix, pp. 333 (in catalogue), 339, April 1839.=Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 106, 1934.2861. Adult (sex not indicated). "N.W. Coast. Oregon." Collected byJohn K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquiredit from John J. Audubon.The oldest label borne by this skin is Baird's; its data are: "Cinclusamericanus Sw/2861 J.K.T. N/N.W. Coast. Oregon" ("N" was Baird'ssymbol for specimens presented him by Audubon)
.
For further comments on tliis bird, see remarks under the preceding form.Family TROGLODYTIDAE: WrensGenus CISTOTHORUS CabanisCistotliorus palustris, var. paludicola BairdReview of American birds 1 : 148, September 1864.
=CistothoTUs palustris paludicola Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 127, 1934.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 3877141. Adult (sex not indicated). Shoalwater Bay, Pacific County, Wash-ington. Oct. 31, 1854. Collected by James G. Cooper. Original num-ber 110. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.Talmatodytes [sic] palustris pulverius AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 130, Oct. 25, 1946.
=Cistothorus palustris pulverius (Aldrich). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 114 (footnote 1), 1934.262472. Adult male. Sprague, Lincoln County, Washington. June 11,1918. Collected by George G. Cantwell. Original number 175. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Telmatodytes palustris iliacus Ridg^vayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 110, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Cistothorus palustris iliacus (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 114 (footnote 1), 1934.CIstothorus palustris plesius OberholserAuk 14 (2) : 188, April 1897.114938. Aduh male. Fort Wingate, McKinley County, New Mexico.September 24, 1883. Collected by Robert W. Shufeldt.Telmatodytes palustris thryophilus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 149, Nov. 12, 1903.
=Cistothorus palustris thryophilus (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 126, 1934.134769. Adult male. Sabine, Jefferson County, Texas. Sept. 3, 1902.Collected by Harry C. Oberholser. Original number 514. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Telmatodytes palustris tolucensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 152, Oct. 6, 1904.
=Cistothorus palustris tolucensis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 114 (footnote 1), 1934; Friedmann, Griscom,and Moore, Pacific Coast Avifauna 33 : 149, 1957.194074. Adult male. Lerma, State of Mexico, Mexico. July 5, 1904.Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 10950. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus CAMPYLORHYNCHUS von SpixCampylorhynchus balteatus BairdReview of American birds 1 : 103, August 1864.
=Campylorhynchus fasciatus pallescens Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 135, 136, 1934; A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.11748. Adult (sex not indicated). "Piura R[iver]." (not Piura), De-partment of Piura, Peru. Sept. 12, 1858. Collected by CarringtonRaymond.
388 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Heleodytes alticolus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 68, January 1897.
=Campylorhy7ichus megalopteriis megalopterus Lafresnaye. See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 136,137, 1934; A.O.U.Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64:451, 1947.142855. Adult male. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico. Dec. 28, 1892.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 608. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildhfe Service.Heleodytes nelsoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 111, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Carnpylorhynchus megalopterus nelsoni (Ridgway). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 137, 1934; A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 61: 451, 1947.13659. Adult (sex not indicated). Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on Dec. 21, 1859. Collected by J.Monies de Oca. Received from Philip L. Sclater.Heleodytes zonatus reslrictus NelsonAuk 18 (1) : 49, January 1901.=CampyIorhynchus zonatus zonatus (Lesson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 138, 1934; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.166601. Adult male. Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico. Apr. 26, 1900.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 6969. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Campylorhyiichus brevipeniiis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8:344 (not earlier than June 25),1866.
=Campylorhynchus nuchalis hrevipennis Lawrence. See Wetmore, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 87: 237-238, 1939; A.O.U. Committee on Classificationand Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.109510. Immature (sex not indicated). "Venezuela." Entered into themuseum register on Oct. 12, 1886. Received from John Krider.Heleodytes humiiis rufus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 69, January 1897.=Campylorhynchus rufinucha humiiis Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7:146,147, 1934; A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.142820. Adult female. Aguahuizotla, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Dec.28, 1894 (not 1895). Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A.Goldman. Original number 2456. Received from the LI.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Heleodytes capistralus nigricaudatus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 70, January 1897.=Campylorhynchus rufinucha nigricaudatus (Nelson). See Griscom,Amer. Mus. Nov. 414: 7, 1930; Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 389Americas 7: 146 (footnote 2), 1934; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.142806. Adult male. San Benilo, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Mar. 11,1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3648. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Campylorhynchus castaneus KidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 507, Aug. 6, 1888.
=^Campylorhynchus rufinucha castaneus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 144, 1934; A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.42588. Adult (sex not indicated). "Spanich Honduras Cenlr Amerika."Entered into the museum register on Oct. 27, 1866. Collected bySchalamr (sic) Blum. Original number 25. Purchased from [John]Ilges & [Fred.] Sauter, taxidermists in New York, N.Y.Heleodyles brunneicapillus anthonyi MearnsAuk 19 (2): 143, April 1902.
=CaTnpylorhynchus brunneicapillus couesi (Bowdler Sharpe). SeeRidgway, Birds of North and Middle America 3 : 522, 524, 1904; A.O.U.Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.132804. Adult male. Adonde, Yuma County, Arizona. Feb. 27, 1894.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns and Francis X. Holzner. Original num-ber 10306. Mexican-United States International Boundary Commission.Canipylorliyuchus affinis XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11 : 298 (not earlier than Nov. 29),1859.^^Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus afflnis Xantus. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 148, 1934; A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.12962. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 360.12965. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 190.Xantus's name was based upon five cotypes. These were, in addition tothe two listed above. No. 12961, a male, sent to Oberlin College on Mar. 21,1888; No. 12963, a female, sent to Thomas McHwraith on Feb. 7, 1889;No. 12964, a female, sent to A. D. Bache in February 1860.Ileleodytes hruniieicapillus obscurus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12 : 58, Mar. 24, 1898.=Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus guttatus (Gould). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 149, 1934; A.O.U. Committeeon Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.142789. Adult male. Tula, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Mar. 9, 1893.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 860. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
390 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Heleodytes stridulus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13 : 30, May 29, 1899.
==Campylorhynchus jocosus gularis Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 151, 1934; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.164261. Adult male (not female). Fifty miles NE. of Choix, Sierra deChoix, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Oct. 16, 1898. Collected by EdwardA. Goldman. Original number 5924. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Heleodytes occidentalis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 69, January 1897.
=Ccmpylorh'ynchus jocosus gularis Sclater. See Nelson, Auk 15: 160,1898; Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 151, 1934;A.O.U. Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, Auk 64:451,1947.142836 (no? 142863). Adult male. Sierra Nevada de Coluna, State ofJalisco, Mexico. Apr. 20, 1892. Collected by Edward W. xNelson.Original number 102. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Campylorhynclms jocosus SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 27 (3) : 371, February 1860.=Campylorhynchus jocosus jocosus Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 150, 1934; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.22381. Adult female. "Mexique." Entered into the museum register onOctober 26, 1861. Purchased from Verreaux Freres.As is usually the case with birds that entered the hands of the brotliersVerreaux, this specimen lacks an original label and many pertinent data;the word "type" alone serves as an indication of its potential status.In justification of my claim for No. 22381, the following facts may beadduced : C. jocosus was established by Sclater upon two skins, a male and afemale, "procured by M. Boucard at Oaxaca in March 1858," and submittedto his examination by Salle. Of these, only one entered Sclater's privatecollection (see Catalogue of a collection of American birds belonging toPhilip Lutley Sclater, p. 17, May 1862). Although Sclater there calls hisspecimen "type," reference to the original description shows that each ofthe two became an equivalent cotype. Our bird is at least presumptively oneof these. Genus THRYOTHORUS VieillotThryothorus Ludovicianus (Lath.), var. Miamensis RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 9 (8) : 469, August 1875.
=Thryot!ioru$ ludovicianus miamensis Ridgway. See Lowery, Auk57: 100, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 39182727. Adult male. Miami "River," Dade County, Florida. Jan. 9, 1871(not 1874) . Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Original number 4384.Received from Robert Ridg^vay, in whose private collection it was No.1864.Thryofhorus ludovicianus euronolus LoweryAuk 57(1): 98, Jan. 4, 1940.342079. Adult male. Gulfport, Harrison County, Mississippi. Nov. 20,1937. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 4798.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryothorus ludovicianus burleighi LoweryAuk 57 (1):99, Jan.4, 1940.342080. Adult male. Cat Island ("nine miles offshore from Gulfport"),Harrison County, Mississippi. Feb. 24, 1937. Collected by ThomasD. Burleigh. Original number 4297. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Thryothorus ludovicianus alamoensis GodfreyAuk 63 (4) : 564, Oct. 25, 1946.152430. Adult male. San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Mar. 18, 1889.Collected by Henry P. Attwater. Original number 61.Thriothorus berlandieri "Couch" Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 360(in key), 362, 1858.
=Thryothorus ludovicianus berlandieri Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 155, 1934.7121. Adult (sex not indicated). "San Diego, Rio San Juan," State ofNuevo Leon, Mexico. March 1853. Collected by Darius N. Couch.Original number 123.7122. Adult female. Boquillas, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April1853. Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 142.7123. Adult male. Boquillas, Slate of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April 1853.Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 143.Thryothorus ludovicianus oberholseri LoweryAuk57(l):101, Jan.4, 1940.342081. Adult male. Del Rio, Valverde County, Texas. December 30,1938. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 5439.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryophilus leucotis collinus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 9, Dec. 30, 1946.
=Thryothorus leucotis collinus (Wetmore). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 153 (footnote 2) , 1934.369737. Adult male. "Betw^een 1,500 and 2,000 feet elevation nearNazaret, in the Serrania do Macuire," Commissary of La Guajira, Co-lombia. May 7, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Mel-bourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 11842.500930?61 26
392 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Thryophilus taenioptera [sic^ RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 518, Aug. 6, 1888.:=Thryothorus leucotis taeniopterus (Ridgway) . See Giiscom and Green-way, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 87: 301, 1941.120771. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarern and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. June 29, 1887. Collectedby Clarence B. Riker. Original number 4.112451. Adult (sex not indicated). Diamantina, State of Para, Brazil.June 27, 1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker.Thryothorus superciliaris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(7): 235, June 1869.
=ThryothoTus superciliaris superciliaris Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7 : 167, 1934.54099 (not 54100). Adult (sex not indicated). Puna Island (in the Gulfof Guayaquil) , Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Entered into the museumregister on February 15, 1869. Collected by J. F. Reeve.In the original description, Lawrence stated that he had seen three speci-mens, and that No. 54100 was the type. No. 54100 is now in the AmericanMuseum of Natural History, where it is No. 39409; on the reverse side ofits label, m Lawrence's handwriting, is the word "Typical." On the reverseside of the label of our No. 54099, again in Lawrence's hand, is the word
"Type." It seems certain, then, that the skin in Washington is the true type,and that the number "54100" appeared in print as the result of a lapsuscalami.Thryophilus modestus pullus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 167, Nov. 30, 1903.
=Thryothorus modestus pullus (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 168, 169, 1934.142928. Adult male. Huehuetan, State of Chiapas, Mexico. February29, 1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3606. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Thryophilus zeledoni "(Lawrence, MS.)" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 252, 1878 or 1879.
=Thryothorus modestus zeledoni (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 170, 171, 1934.81782. Adult female. "Pacuare"=Rio Pacuare, Province of Limon,Costa Rica. 1876. Collected by Juan Cooper. Original number 774.Received from Robert Ridgway (of whose private collection it onceformed part), who acquired it from Jose C. Zelcdon.Thryophilus sinaloa BairdReview of American birds 1:122 (in key), 130, August [p. 122] orSeptember [p. 130] 1864.=Thryothorus sinaloa sinaloa (Baird) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 171, 1934.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 39323786. Adult male. "Mazallan (River)," State of Sinaloa, Mexico. July1861. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 280.Thryophilus sinaloa russeiis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 157, Nov. 30, 1903.
=Thryothorus sinaloa russeus (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 172, 1934.185893. Adult male. Acahuizotla, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 9,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 9791. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotiis RidgwayProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 386, March 1888.
=:Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotiis (Ridgway). See ileilmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 172, 173, 1934.32694. Adult male. "Cote ferme"::=Panama. Entered into the museumregister on Mar. 18, 1864. Received from the Maison Verreaux, Paris.Ridgway's Thryophilus rufalbus castanonotus was a mere substitute namefor Thryophilus rufalbus, var. rufalbus Baird (Revievv' of American birds1: 128, 129, 1864), not T[hriot.horus]. rufalbus Lafresnaye, 1845. Ridgwaygave no description of his own, but instead, a clear indication to Baird's,and we are therefore compelled to consider Baird's specimens the types ofRidgway's new name.Baird's series consisted of four specimens, of which one. No. 32692, amale from Bogota, is a representative of Thryothorus rufalbus minlosi (vonBerlepsch) , and accordingly not to be listed here. Two others, a male anda female from the "Panama R.R.," each with original number 93, are pre-sumably now in the American Museum of Natural History as part of theLawrence Collection.Thryothorus rufallius castanonotus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 508, Aug. 6, 1888.
=Thryothorus rufalbus castanonotus (Ridgway), March 1888, fideDeignan (MS.).81783. Adult female. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.July 1875. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 732.Received from Robert Ridgway, of whose private collection it onceformed part.This name is accompanied by a formal description, with a reference to No.81783 as "type." Since No. 81783 was not a cotype of Thryophilus rufalbuscastanonotus Ridgway, March 1888 {vide supra), Thryothorus rufalbuscastanonotus Ridgway, Aug. 6, 1888, must be considered an entirely newname, which only accidentally happens to ai)ply to the same race as itsearlier homonym.Thryothorus brunncus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 178 (not earlier than Oct. 23), 1865.
=Thryothorus thoracicus thoracicus Salvin. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 175, 176, 1934.
394 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22140396. Immature (sex not indicated). Greytown=:San Juan del Norte,Department of Chontales, Nicaragua. Entered into tlie museum registeron Dec. 25, 1865. Collected by H. E. Holland. Original number58.As a result of faulty pagination, Lawrence's original description appearson p. 179 of the separates!Thryolhorus nigi'icapillus odicus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 139(2) : 14, July 8, 1959,469015. Adult male. Island of Escudo de Veraguas, Caribbean Sea offthe Province of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Mar. 1, 1958. Collected byAlexander Wetmore. Original number 22230.Thrj'ophilus scholtii BairdReview of American birds 1:123 (in key), 133, August [p. 123] orSeptember [p. 133] 1864.=Thryothorus nigricapillus schottii (Baird). See Hellraayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 178, 1934.17901. Adult (sex not indicated). "Truando River"=:Falls of the RioTruando, at the Cordillera de Baudo, Intendency of Choco, Colombia.(Probably) January 1858. Collected by Charles J. Wood and WiUiamS. Wood, Jr. (not Arthur C. V. Schott). Original number 172. U.S.Survey of the Rio Atrato.21688. Adult male. "Truando Falls"=Falls of the Rio Truando, at theCordillera de Baudo, Intendency of Choco, Colombia. (Probably)January 1858. (Probably) collected by Charles J. Wood and WilliamS. Wood, Jr. (probably not by Arthur C. V. Schott) . Original number218. U.S. Survey of the Rio Atrato.In Cassin's report on the birds of the Rio Atrato (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia, p. 193, 1860), we find the following comment: "In low bushesand on the ground, on the banks of the Rio Truando, in the Cordilleras. . . .(Mr.W. S.Wood, Jr.)."Thryophilus pleurosticlus ravus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 167, Nov. 30, 1903.
=Thryothorus pleurosticlus ravus (Ridgway). See Helhnayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 181, 1934.89701. Adult male. San Juan del Sur, Department of Rivas, Nicaragua.Jan. 17, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Original number 447.Thryolhorus oyapocensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 516 (footnote), Aug. 6, 1888.
=Thryothorus coraya coraya (Gmelin). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 190, 1934.90448. Adult (sex not indicated). Oyapock, French Guiana. Enteredinto the museum register on June 22, 1883. Received from OsbertSalvin and Frederic DuC. Godman (of whose private collection it onceformed part), who acquired it from "M[archan]d?." A. Verdey, adealer of Paris.
TYPE SPECIMEN'S OF BIRDS 395Tlirvolliorus herberti "Riker, MS," RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 516, Aug. 6, 1888.
=TIiryothorus coraya herberti Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 191, 1934.120772. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. June 13, 1887. Collectedby Jessie (Mrs. Clarence B. Riker)
.
120773. Immature female. Diamantina, State of Para, Brazil. June 29(not 27) , 1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker.Thryothorus felix pallidas NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 29, May 29, 1899.164270. Adult female. Chacala, State of Durango, Mexico. Feb. 27,1889. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 6172.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryothorus felix grandis NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 269, July 1900.142949. Adult male. Yautepec, State of Morelos, Mexico. Jan. 18, 1893.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 760. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryolhorus felix, /?. lawrencii "Ridgway, MSS." RidgwayBull. NuttaU Orn. Club 3 (1) : 10, January 1878.
=Thryothorus felix lawrencii Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 201, 1934.37329. Adult male. "Tres Marias Island3"=Maria Madre Island {fideNelson, North Amer. Fauna 14: 57-58, 1899), Tres Marias Islands, offthe State of Nayarit, Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number 41.50817. Adult (sex not indicated). Same locality data as No. 37329.Entered into the museum register on Apr. 24, 1868. Collected byAndrew J. Grayson. Original number 44.50318. Adult (sex not indicated). Same locality data as No. 37329.Entered into the museum register on Apr. 24, 1868. Collected byAndrew J. Grayson. Original number 44.No. 50817 at some time entered the private collection of Robert Ridgway,who removed the original label, to replace it with one of his own.Thryothorus lawrencii magdalenae NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 11, Jan. 27, 1898.
=Thryot]iorus felix magdalenae Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 201, 1934.156943. Adult male. Maria Magdalena Island, Tres Marias Islands, of!the State of Nayarit, Mexico. May 28, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4414. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
396 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221T[hryolhorus]. maciilipectus canobrunneus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 552 (footnote 5), September 1887.
=^Thryothorus rutilus canobrunneus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7 : 202, 1934.106242. Adult (sex not indicated). Temax, State of Yucatan, Mexico.December "1885." Collected by George F. Gaumer. Original number 8.106243. Adult (sex not indicated). State of Yucatan, Mexico. Enteredinto the museum register on December 8, 1885. Collected by GeorgeF. Gaumer.Ridgway stated that the type of this form was No. 106243, from Temax,but there is, in fact, no evidence in existence that it came from Temax atall. The oldest label, written in Ridgway's hand, bears only tlic data givenabove. No. 106242, on the other hand, carries Gaumer's own label, whichnot only gives Temax as provenience, but shows as well a collection date.Since Ridgway had before him but two specimens of canobrunneus, it isdifficult to believe that he intended to use as type the one with less sufficientdata, and it seems highly probable that "106243" was a lapsus calami for
"106242." In the circumstances, I treat each of them as a cotype.Although Gaumer himself wrote the collection date of No. 106242 as
"December 1885," one must recognize this as an error, in consideration ofthe fact that the specimen was already in Washington not later than Dec.8, 1885. Collection dates of other skins in the same shipment run back toSe]^tember 1884, so it may be assumed that No. 106242 was actually takenin December 1884.T[hryolhoriss]. maculipectus unibrinus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 552 (footnote 4) , September 1887.=Thryothorus rutilus uinbrinus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 203, 1934.10205. Adult (sex not indicated). "Guatemala." Entered into themuseum register on Apr. 17, 1858. Received from John Gould.20398. Adult (sex not indicated). Cajabon ("a small village on the riverof the same name . . . about forty miles northeast of Coban," fideGriscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 64:414, 1932), Department ofAlta Vera Paz, Guatemala. January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin.Original number 1437. Received from Osbert Salvin.42655. Adult (sex not indicated). "Central Guatemala (Coban toClusec)." Entered into the museum register on Oct. 29, 1866. Col-lected by Henry Hague.50439. Adult (sex not indicated). "Guatemala." Entered into themuseum register on Mar. 4, 1868. Collected by C. H. Van Patten.Although no type was designated at the original description, Ridgway atsome time fastened a red type label to No. 50439. Of the Guatemaltecanskins in his series, it is clear that only No. 20398 is accompanied by sufficientdata to be justifiably made the lectolype, and, if one is to accept Griscom'srestriction of type locality to Vera Paz {op. cit., p. 293), No. 20398 acquires
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 397
Still greater validity for this purpose. I list here all four of Ridgway'scotypes from Guatemala.Genus TIIRYOMANES SclaterThryomanes bewickii alius AldrichOccas. Pap. Mas. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 18: 307, Dec. 30, 1944.348448. Adult male. Seven miles east of Philippi (at elev. 1,750 feet),Barbour County, West Virginia. June 3, 1936. Collected by WatsonM. Perrygo and J. Carleton Lingebach. Original number 379.Thryomanes bewickii ariborius OberholserWilson Cull. 32 (1) : 25, March 1920.136701. Adult female. Agassiz, Yale Electoral District, Province ofBritish Columbia, Canada. Dec. 5, 1895. Collected by Clark P.Streator. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryomanes bewickii calophonus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21: 422 (in key), 440, Nov. 19, 1898.135210. Adult male. South Park, King County, Washington. Dec. 19,1894. Collected by Lucien McS. Turner? Original number 630.Received from Lucien McS. Turner.Thryomanes bewickii hurleyi JewettAuk 61 (2) : 288, Apr. 15, 1944.378010 (not 373010) . Adult male. Parker, Yakima County, Washington.Mar. 28, 1943. Collected by Jolui B. Hurley. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service, which acquired it from John B. Hurleythrough Stanley G. Jewett.Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21: 422 (in key), 427, Nov. 19, 1898.126674 (not 126774) . Adult male. Big Hatchet Mountains, Grant County,New Mexico. May 19, 1892. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns andFrancis X. Holzner. Original number 7981. Mexican-United StatesInternational Boundary Commission.Thryomanes bewickii drymoecus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21 : 423 (in key) , 437, Nov. 19, 1898.==Thryomanes bewickii drymoecus Oberholser. See A.O.U., Checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 4, p. 245, 1931.91640 (not 91610). Adult male. Baird, Shasta County, California. June6, 1883. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 116.Thryomanes bewickii nesophilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21 : 423 (in key) , 442, Nov. 19, 1898.117641. Adult male. Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, Califor-nia. Feb. 7, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.Thryomanes bewickii charienturus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21: 423 (in key) , 435, Nov. 19, 1898.134163. Adult male. Nachogiiero Valley ("at United States boundary.
398 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
altitude 3429 feet, about between Jacumba and Campo [Upper Cali-fornia]," fide GrinneU, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 32: 26, 1928) , Stateof Baja California, Mexico. June 5, 1894. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 10986. Mexican-United States InternationalBoundary Commission.Thryomanes brevicauda RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2 (2) : 186, 1876.=Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 214, 1934.70042. Adult (sex not indicated). Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N.,long. 118?15' W.), eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja Califor-nia, Mexico. Mar. 2, 1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Originalnumber 15.No. 70041, a cotype with identical data, was sent to the Museum of Com-parative Zoology on Dec. 26, 1929.Thryomanes bewickii cryptus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21:422 (in key), 425, Nov. 19, 1898.112838. Adult male. San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. Jan. 5, 1887.Collected by Charles W. Beckham. Original number 2712.Thryomanes bewickii percnus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 21: 422 (in key), 429, Nov. 19, 1898.142993. Adult male. Etzatlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. June 23, 1892.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 196. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Thryothorus Sissonii GraysonThe California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences 29 ( 1 ) : 7, Jan.9, 1868.Troglodytes insularis "Baird, MS." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3) : 3, February-March 1871.=Thryomanes sissonii (Grayson). See HeUmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 215 (footnote 3), 1934; Taylor, Condor 53: 197, 1951.39991. Adult (sex not indicated) . Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands,eastern Pacific Ocean off Mexico. June 1865. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number?
.
50810. Adult male. Same data as No. 39991. Original number 397.50811. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 39991. Originalnumber 397.50812. Adult male. Same data as No. 39991. Original number 397.50813. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 39991. Originalnumber 397.50815. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 39991. Originalnumber 397.58259. Adult male. Same data as No. 39991. Original number 397.Taylor {op. cit., p. 196) found that Grayson had a total of 12 specimens,all of which must be considered cotypes of Thryothorus Sissonii Grayson.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 399Of these, eight came to the U.S. National Museum; No. 50814, not listedabove, was sent to George N. Lawrence on June 5, 1869, and is now in thecollection of the American Museum o? Natural History, New York. Theremaining four specimens seem, according to Taylor, to have been sold byGrayson and destined for persons in England.No. 50813, like many another important skin in the museum, entered theprivate collection of Robert Ridgway, there to have its original label re-moved and replaced by Ridgway's own.Although all of Grayson's specimens are cotypes of his new race, No.50810 alone is the type of Troglodytes insularis Lawrence, by his definitedesignation at the original description.Genus TROGLODYTES VieiUotTroglodytes aedon, var. aztecus BairdReview of American birds 1: 138 (in key), 139, September 1864.
=Troglodytes aedon parkmanii Audubon. See Oberholser, Ohio Journ.Sci. 34: 93, 1934; Wetmore, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 84: 419, 1937.26368. Adult (sex not indicated). Jalapa, State of Veracruz, Mexico.Entered into the museum register in January 1863. Collected by RafaelMonies de Oca. Received from John Krider.29206, Adult (sex not indicated). Orizaba, State of Veracruz, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on May 8, 1863. Collected by AdrienL. F. Sumichrast. Original number 106.30872. Adult (sex not indicated). Hacienda "Mirador," State of Vera-cruz, Mexico. December 1862. Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius.Original number 125.Baird's original series consisted of five specimens. No. 7139, a male fromCharco Escondido, Tamaulipas, seems to have vanished from the collectionwithout trace. A bird from Jalapa, the property of George N. Lawrence,is perhaps now in the American Museum of Natural History.Troglodytes peninsularis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 174, Sept. 25, 1901.
=Troglodytes aedon peninsularis Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 221, 1934; Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.134 (9) : 76, 1957.168115. Adult male. Progreso, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Mar. 5, 1901,Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 7686. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Troglodytes beani RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3:21 [p. 1 of extra], Feb. 26, 1885.
=Troglodytes aedon beani Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7:220,221, 1934; Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.134 (9) : 76, 1957.
400 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221102473. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 28, 1885. Collected by JamesE. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Troglodytes aedon carychrous WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 76, July 8, 1957.461091. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 21, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20373.Troglodytes aedon efifutitus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 71: 2, Apr. 11, 1958.369759. Adult male. Maicao, Commissary of La Guajira, Colombia.Apr. 15, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 11414.Troglodytes inusculus enochrus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27 : 207, Jan. 23, 1904.
=Troglodytes aedon audax von Tschudi. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 236, 1934; Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.134 (9) : 76, 1957.39816. Adult female. Lima, Department of Lima, Peru. Entered intothe museum register on Nov. 11, 1865. Collected by Walter S. Church.Troglodytes musculiis aeosmus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27: 204, Jan. 23, 1904.
^=Troglodytes aedon chilensis Lesson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 238, 1934; Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 134(9) : 76, 1957.148694. Adult (sex not indicated). "Chile." Collected by E. C. Reed.Received from Adolphe Boucard.Tliryotliorus riifescens LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1(1-2): 47, December 1877.
=Tros^lodytes aedon riifescens (Lawrence) . See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 4, p. 120, 1956; Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc.Coll. 134 (9) : 76, 1957.77804. Adult male, Landat, Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Carib-bean Sea. Mar. 3, 1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Originalnumber 21.Thryothorus musicus LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5) : 148, June 1878.
=Troglodytes aedon musicus (Lawrence). See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 4, 120, 1956; Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.134 (9): 76, 1957.74089. Adult male. Foot of La Soufriere, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-Avard Islands, Caribbean Sea. Oct. 30, 1877. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 421.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 401Thryothorus grenadensis LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (6?) : 161, July 1878.^Troglodytes aedon grenadensis (Lawrence). See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 4, p. 120, 1956; Wetmore, SmithsonianMisc. Coll. 134 (9) : 76, 1957.74142. Adult female. Grand Etang, Grenada Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. March 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Orig-inal number 430.Troglodytes tanneri TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 133, Sept. 9, 1890.117515. Adult female. Clarion Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. Mar. 4, 1889. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Troglodytes brunneicoUis nitidus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 158, Nov. 30, 1903.143058. Adult male. Mount Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.July 8, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2177. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Troglodytes ( ? ) ochraceus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 334, Mar. 16, 1882.
=Troglodytes solstilialis ochraceus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 246, 1934,85547. Adult (sex not indicated). Volcan de Irazii, Province of Cartago,Costa Rica. Oct. 10, 1880. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Receivedfrom Jose C. Zeledon.Troglodytes festinus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 63 (3) : 22, Sept. 27, 1912.
=Troglodytes solstilialis festinus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 247, 1934.238012. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,200 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Province of Darien, Panama. Apr. 18, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15538. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Troglodytes parvulus bergensis StejnegerZeitschrift fiir die gesammle Ornithologie 1 (1) : 10 (footnote), Marchloo'*.
=Troglodytes troglodytes bergensis Stejneger. See Tjjfvenskiold, Iland-bok over Norges Fugler, p. 313, 1947?124430. Adult male. Gravdal (near Bergen), County of Hordaland,Norway. Oct. 20, 1878. Collected by Leonhard II. Stejneger. Orig-inal number 249. Received from Leonhard H. Stejneger, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.
402 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221124431. Aduit male. Bergen, County of Hordaland, Norway. Nov. 7,1880. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 429.Received from Leonhard H. Stejneger, of whose private collection itonce formed part.The word "Type!" appears, in Stejneger's hand, on the label of each ofthese specimens.Oibiorchiius fumigatus idius Richmondin Blackwelder, Research in China 1(2) : 498, pi. 59, July 24, 1907.^Troglodytes tro^^lodytes idius (Richmond). See Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 1(6): 783, 1910.192449. Adult male. Wang-kwai-chon, Province of Hopei, China. Jan.16, 1904. Collected by Eliot Blackwelder. Original number 6017.Received from the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Oibiorchiius fumigatus peninsulse ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32: 474, June 15, 1907.
=Troglodytes troglodytes peninsulae (Clark). See Austin, Bull. Mus.Comp.Zool. 101: 200, 1948.114200. Adult female? (not female). Pusan, Province of South Kyong-sang, Korea. Dec. 4, 1885. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Originalnumber 1565.Oibiorchiius fumigatus amurensis ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 32 : 474, June 15, 1907.
^^Troglodytes troglodytes dauricus Dybowski and Taczanowski? SeeHartert and Steinbacher, Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungs-band 4: 341, 1935.114661. Adult male. "Amur." April 1880. Received from Eugene Rey,of Leipzig, in whose private collection it was No. 29519.Troglodytes fumigatus Iturilensis StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11 : 548, Sept. 20, 1889.
=Troglodytes troglodytes hurilensis Stejneger. See Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 1 (6) : 784, 1910.96259. Adult (sex not indicated). Shasukotan Island (lat. 48?50' N.,long. 154?06' E.), Kuril Islands, northern Pacific Ocean southwest ofKamchatka. July 1881. Collected by Henry J. Snow. Received fromThomas W. Blakiston, in whose private collection it was No. 2786.Anorthura paliescens "Stejneger, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 93, Aug. 2, 1883.
=Troglodyies troglodytes paliescens (Ridgway). See Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 1 (6) : 784, 1910.88994, Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. Sept. 20, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1644.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 403Anorthura meligera OberholserAuk 17(1) : 25, January 1900.
=Troglodytes troglodytes meligerus (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 252, 1934.135647. Adult female. Attu Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 4,1894. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Nannus troglodytes kiskensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 226 (in list), 228, Apr. 28, 1919.
=Troglodytes troglodytes kiskensis (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 252, 1934.230239. Adult male. Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island, Aleutian Islands,Alaska. June 19, 1911. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Originalnumber 559. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Nannus troglodytes tanagensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 226 (in list), 230, Apr. 28, 1919.
=Troglodytes troglodytes tanagensis (Oberholser). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 252, 253, 1934.230245. Adult male. Tanaga Bay, Tanaga Island, Aleutian Islands,Alaska. June 25, 1911. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Originalnumber 607. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Trogolodytes [iic] trogloydtes [sic^ seguamensis Gabrielson andLincolnProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 73, May 14, 1951.
. Adult male. Seguam Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. June 30,1946. Collected by Ira N. Gabrielson. Deposited by Ira N. Gabrielson,in whose private collection it is No. 5614.Troglodytes alascensis BairdTrans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1 (2) : 280 [nomen nudum], 315, pi. 30, fig.3 (not earlier than Oct. 22) , 1869.=Troglodytes troglodytes alascensis Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 252, 1934.54447. Immature male. Saint George Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea.Aug. 17, 1868. Collected by William H. Ball. Original number 1850.Western Union Company's Overland International Telegraph Expedi-tion.Nannus troglodytes petrophilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 226 (in list), 232, Apr. 28, 1919.=Troglodytes troglodytes petrophilus (Oberholser) . See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 253, 1934.167340. Adult female. Unalaska Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Oct.23, 1900. Collected by Wilfred II. Osgood. Original number 569.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
404 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Nannus troglodytes steveiisoni OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 151, Sept. 26, 1930.
=Troglodytes troglodytes stevensoni (Oberholser). See HeJhnayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 253, 1934.298574. Adult male. Amak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. July 16,1925. Collected by Donald H. Stevenson. Original number 141. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Anorthura hiemalis helleri OsgoodAuk 18 (2) : 181, April 1901.
=Troglodytes troglodytes helleri (Osgood). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 254, 1934.167276. Adult male. English Bay (near Kodiak), Kodiak Island, Alaska.October 3, 1900. Collected by Wilfred II. Osgood and Edmund Heller.Original number 538. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Troglodytes hyemalis, var. pacificus BairdReview of American birds 1: 138 (in key), 145, September 1864.
=TroglGdytes troglodytes pacificus Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 254, 1934.17434. Adult male. Camp Semiahmoo, New Westminster Electoral Dis-trict, Province of British Columbia, Canada. Dec. 22, 1859. Collectedby Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Original number 436. Northwestern Bound-ary Survey.Troglodytes troglodytes salebrosus BurleighProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72(5) : 16, Apr. 22, 1959.465530. Adult male. Dismal Lake, Shoshone County, Idaho. June 21,1951. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 17217. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Troglodytes troglodytes aquilonaris Burleigh and H. S. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 116, June 16, 1948.394151. Adult male, Tompkins, Saint Georges District, southwesternNewfoundland Province, Canada. May 14, 1947. Collected by ThomasD. Burleigh. Original number 10304. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Nannus hiemalis pullus BurleighProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48 : 61, May 3, 1935.
=Troglodytes troglodytes pullus (Burleigh). See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 61:456, 1944.301275. Adult male. Mount Mitchell (at elev. 6,500 feet), YanceyCounty, North Carolina. July 11, 1931. Collected by Thomas D.Burleigh. Original number 1571. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 405Genus THRYORCHILUS OberholserThiyorchOus basultoi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 21: 191, Oct. 20, 1908.
=Thryorchilus browni basultoi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 255, 1934.209935. Adult female. Las Vueltas de Dota, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. May 21, 1908. Collected by Francisco L. Basulto. Museum-Zeledon Expedition.Genus HENICORHINA Sclater and SalvinHenicorhina leucophrys festiva NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 158, Nov. 30, 1903.186596. Adult male. Omilteme, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 23,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman, Orig-inal number 10018. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Henicorhina mexicana NelsonAuk 14 (1): 73, January 1897.
=Henicorhiiia leucophrys mexicana Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 270, 1934.143007. Adult male. Jico, State of Veracruz, Mexico. June 24, 1893.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1272. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Henicorhina leucophrys capitalis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 74, January 1897.143018. Adult male. Pinabete, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Feb. 8, 1896.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 3439. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Henicorhina hilaris bangsi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 168, Nov. 30, 1903.
=Henicorhina leucophrys bangsi Ridgvvay. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 267, 1934.163791. Adult male. San Francisco ("a small Indian hamlet in the valleyof the Rio Ancha, a few miles above Pueblo Viejo," fde Todd and Car-riker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 14:124, 1922), Sierra Nevada de SantaMarta, Department of Magdalena, Colombia. June 1, 1898. Collectedby Wilmot W. Brown, Jr. Received from Outram Bangs.Henicorhina hilaris "Stolz. ms." von Berlepsch and TaczanowskiProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1884 (3) : 284, Oct. 1, 1884.=Henicorhina leucophrys hilaris von Berlepsch and Taczanowski. SeeHellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 265, 1934.108223. Adult male. Cayandeled, Province of Chimborazo, Ecuador.Jan. 23, 1883. Collected by Jean Stolzmann and Joseph Siemiradski.Received from Hans von Berlepsch.
406 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221The describers based this form upon a series of eleven males and threefemales, all of which are cotypes. Although Stolzmann and Domaniewski(Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici 6: 154, 1927) have claimed that a specimen fromChaguarpata is tlie type, it is, of course, only a lectotype chosen from apartly dispersed series.Genus NANNORCHILUS RidgwayHemiura pacifica NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 72, January 1897.
=Nannorchilus leucogaster pacificus (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 271, 1934.142935. Adult male. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico. Feb. 8, 1892(not 1896). Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 46.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Cyphorinus pusillus SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 27 (3) : 372, February 1860.
=Nannorcliilus leucogaster leucogaster (Gould), fide Wetmore (MS.).22386. Adult male. Playa Vicente, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. May 1859.Collected by Adolphe Boucard. Received from the Maison Verreaux,Paris.Sclater based this form upon four specimens of the same place and date,only one of which was retained in his own collection. Although he laterlisted his own bird as the type (Catalogue of a collection of American birds,p. 20, 1862), each member of the original series is nevertheless an equivalentcotype.Hemiura leucogastra niusica NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 159, Nov. 30, 1903.=Nannorchilus leucogaster musicus (Nelson) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 272, 1934.366306. Adult male. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico. Mar. 20, 1900.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 6765. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus SALPINCTES CabanisSalplnctes obsoletus pulverius GrinnellAuk 15 (3): 238, July 1898.
=Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl.Zool. 38:293, 1932.162710. Adult male. San Nicolas Island, Ventura County, California.May 19, 1897. Collected by Joseph Grinnell. Original number 2615.Received from Joseph Grinnell.Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis RidgwayBuU. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2 (2) : 185, 1876.80427=70043 reentered. Adult male. Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N.,long. 118? 15' W.), eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja Cali-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 407fornia, Mexico. Feb. 24, 1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Orig-inal number 13.70044. Adult male. Same data as No. 70043. Original number 13.70045. Adult male. Same data as No. 70043. Original number 13.80428=70047 reentered. Adult female. Same data as No. 70043. Orig-inal number 14.70049. Adult female. Same data as No. 70043. Original number 14.70050. Adult female. Same data as No. 70043. Original number 14.70051. Adult female. Same data as No. 70043. Original number 28.70052. Adult female. Same data as No. 70043. Original number 38.Each of the ten specimens of Ridgway's original series is an equivalentcotype. No. 70046, a female, was sent in 1877 to George N. Lawrence, andis now presumably in the American Museum of Natural History; No. 70048,another female, was sent to Osbert Salvin on April 13, 1883, and should besought in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History).Nos. 70043 and 70047 at some time entered the private collection ofRobert Ridgway, had their original labels removed, and, when returnedto the Museum in 1880, were entered into the register imder wholly newnumbers.Salpinctes obsoletus exsul RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 169, Nov. 30, 1903.117502. Adult male. San Benedicto Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands,eastern Pacific Ocean off Mexico. Mar. 10, 1889. Collected by CharlesH. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Salpinctes obsoletus notius RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 168, Nov. 30, 1903.142868. Adult male. Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, Mexico. Dec. 8, 1892.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 528. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Salpinctes obsoletus neglecius NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 70, January 1897.142866. Adult male. Hacienda "Chancol" ("located at nearly 11,000feet, near the crest of a high range of mountains, about twenty-fivemiles northeast of Huehuetenango," fide Goldman, in Griscom, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 64:418, 1932), Department of Huehuetenangoor El Quiche, Guatemala. Jan. 3, 1896. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3330. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Salpinctes maculatus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 169, Nov. 30, 1903.
=^Salpinctes obsoletus neglectus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 275, 1934.150904. Adult male. Joyabaj (not Toyabaj), Department of El Quiche,Guatemala. May 17 (not 7), 1892. Collected by H. Th. Heyde andErnesto Lux. Original number 112.500936?61 27
408 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus CATHERPES BairdCatherpes mexicanus griseus AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 131, Oct. 25, 1946.
=Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway. See Miller, Condor 50 : 83-85, 1948.367804. Adult male. Logy Creek, Yakima Indian Reservation, YakimaCounty, Washington. Apr. 20, 1943. Collected by Stanley G. Jewelt.Original number 1603. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 343, Sept. 11, 1882.
=Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway. See Miller, Condor 50: 83-85, 1948.82715. Adult male. Foresthill, Placer County, California. Oct. 7, 1862.Collected by Ferdinand Gruber. Received from Robert Ridgway, whoacquired it from Elliott Coues.79153 (not 79154). Adult female. "Calaveras River 30 miles east ofStockton," Calaveras County, California. 1879. Collected by LymanBelding.Catherpes Mexicanus, var. conspersus RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 7 (10) : 603, October 1873.
=Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway. See Miller, Condor 50: 83-85, 1948.53425. Adult male. Washoe Mountains, near "Fort Churchill," WashoeCounty, Nevada. Dec. 7, 1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Orig-inal number 345. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.Catherpes mexicanus meliphonus OberholserSci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist. 1 (4) : 95, Dec. 31, 1930.
=Catherpes mexicanus mexicanus (Swainson). See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus.Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21: 191, 1945.151924. Aduh male. Alamos (lat. 27?01' N., long. 108?58' E., fide VanRossem, op. cit., p. 303), State of Sonora, Mexico. Feb. 14, 1888. Col-lected by M. Abbott Frazar. Received from William Brewster.Catherpes mexicanus polioptilus OberholserAuk 20 (2): 197, April 1903.
=Catherpes mexicanus albifrons (Giraud). See Grinnell and Behle,Condor 37:247-251, 1935; Van Tyne and Sutton, Misc. Publ. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan 37: 69-70, 1937.168350. Adult male. "Deer Mountain (opposite Mount Emory to theeast), Chisos Mountains," Brewster County, Texas. June 14, 1901.Collected by Harry C. Oberholser. Original number 356. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 409Cerlhia albifrons GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 31,]pi. 8, 1841.
=Catherpes mexicanus albifrons (Giraud). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 277, 1934.47702. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Musicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275)
.
Genus HYLORCHILUS NelsonCatlierpes sumichrasti LawrenceProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1871:233, Dec. 12, 1871.
=HylorchUus sumichrasti (Lawrence) . See Nelson, Auk 14: 71-72, 1897.51652. Adult (sex not indicated). Mata del Bejuco, State of Veracruz,Mexico. April 1868. Collected by T. Labarraque. Received from A.L. Frangois Sumichrast.Genus MICROCERCULUS SclaterMicrocerculus orpheus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 539, Sept. 20, 1889.
=Microcerculus marginatus philorriela (Salvin) . See Griscom, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 72: 360-365, 1932; Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 7: 282 (footnote 1), 283 (footnote 1), 1934.115037. Adult (sex not indicated). Rio Pacuare, Province of Limon,Costa Rica. 1876. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Original number 779.Received from Jose C. Zeledon, in whose private collection it was No.934.Microcerculus daulias RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 508, Aug. 6, 1888.
=Microcercuius marginatus philomela (Salvin) . See Griscom, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 72: 360-365, 1932; Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 7: 282 (footnote 1), 283 (footnote 1), 1934.68287. Immature (not adult) male. "Talamanca"=(probably) Sipurio(see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama(contested territory). May 1874. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Orig-inal number 283. Received from William M. Gabb.Microcerculus pectoralis Richmondin Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 178, Oct. 3, 1901.=Microcercuius marginatus squamulatus Sclater and Salvin. See Gris-com, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 72:360-365, 1932; Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 283 (footnote 2), 284, 1934.175251. Adult female. La Guaira, Federal District, Venezuela. July 2,1900. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Original number 1451.
410 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22 1Genus LEUCOLEPIS ReichenbachC[yphorhinus]. thoracicus von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 282, 1844.
=Leucolepis thoracica thoracica (von Tschudi). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 287, 1934.41922. Adult (sex not indicated). "Peru"="Montaiias von Uchubam-ba," Department of Junin, Peru (see von Tschudi, Untersuchungeniiber die Fauna Peruana, Orn., p. 184, 1846). Collected by Johann J.von Tschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.Although Hellmayr {loc. cit.) has stated that the "type [is] in [the]Neuchatel Museum," he has not claimed to have examined it, and it shouldbe noted that this species did not find a place in a paper on von Tschudi'stypes in Neuchatel published by von Berlepsch and Hellmayr (Journ. fiirOrn. 53:6-20, 1905).That von Tschudi had more than one specimen is shown, however, by thefact that Sclater and Salvin ( Proc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1873 : 257, foot-note, 1873) have referred to a cotype in the collection of the museum atBremen.Cyphorhinus griseolateralis Ridgway ..,.;;,Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 518, Aug. 6, 1888.
=Leucolepis arada griseolateralis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 289, 1934.120774. Adult (sex not indicated). "Diamantina Mts.," near Diamantina(near Santarem and east of the mouth of the Rio Tapajos), State ofPara, Brazil. July 15, 1887. Collected by Clarence B. Riker.Family MIMIDAE: Thrashers, MockingbirdsGenus TOXOSTOMA WaglerHfarporhynchus], longicauda Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9 : xxxv(in list), 353, 1858.=Toxostoma rujum longicauda (Baird). See Welmore, Proc, U.S. Nat.Mus. 86: 214-215, 1939.5651. Adult female. South Fork of the Republican River, CheyenneCounty, Kansas. Sept. 26, 1856. Collected by William S. Wood, Jr.Original number 358. Wagon Road Expedition from Fort Riley toBridger's Pass.5652. Adult male. South Fork of the Republican River, CheyenneCounty, Kansas. Sept. 26, 1856. Collected by William S. Wood, Jr.Original number 357. Wagon Road Expedition from Fort Riley toBridger's Pass.A third cotype. No. 4703, from Running Water, Bon Homme County,South Dakota, cannot now be found in the collection.
TYPK SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 411Harporhynchus longirostris sennetti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 506, Aug. 6, 1888.=Toxostoma longirostre sennetti (Ridgway). See A.O.U., Checklist ofNorth American birds, ed. 4, p. 252, 1931.112298. Adult male. Lomita Ranch, Hidalgo County, Texas. Apr. 12,1878. Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 2504. Re-ceived from George B. Sennett.112299. Adult male. Lomita Ranch, Hidalgo County, Texas. 1879.Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 2517. Receivedfrom George B. Sennett.Ridgway based this race upon a series of nineteen adult cotypes from
"southern Texas," an unknown number of which were lent for his studyby Sennett. Ten adults that presumably lay before Ridgway are still inWashington, but it seems to me advisable to consider here only the threespecimens from the subsequently restricted type locality, one of which,No. 112296, is not now to be found in the collection. It is probable thatother topotypical cotypes will be found in the American Museum of NaturalHistory.Ilarporhyiic'ius goJtatiss RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3: 21 [p. 1 of extra], Feb. 26, 1885.=Toxostoma guttatum (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 296, 1934.102454. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan. Mexico. Jan. 23, 1885. Collected by JamesE. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Karporhyiichus cinereus XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11: 298 (not earlier than Nov. 29),1859.
=^Toxostoma cinereum cinereum (Xantus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 297, 1934.12957. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 496.12960. Adult female. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 521.13038. Immature (sex not indicated). Cape San Lucas, State of BajaCalifornia, Mexico. June 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Originalnumber 769.Xantus named this thrasher after a first "sojourn of several months atCape St. Lucas," and any of his specimens taken between Apr. 20, 1859(when he began work there) and July 14, 1859, may probably be consideredcotypes. The final date is derived from the fact that the first of his ship-ments from Cape San Lucas, received in Washington not later than Oct. 22,1859, and accompanied by his unpublished manuscript, contained nomaterial taken later than July 14.
412 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Six specimens were included in the first shipment, and at least 23, takenbetween the critical dates, were temporarily retained by Xantus, not reach-ing the museum until 1863.Since the earlier six were sent on by the author himself as samples forBaird's inspection, one may feel that these have a special claim to typeship,and it is certainly more convenient to give them a preferred status, as hasbeen done here. Three of them are no longer in the museum: these areNo. 12958, sent to A. Nehrkorn on Jan. 26, 1886; No. 12959, sent to Alex-ander D. Bache in February 1860; No. 13037, sent to F. Ferrari-Perez inDecember 1885.No. 12957, made the lectotype by Richmond and/or Ridgway, has hadthe misfortune to have become part of the latter's private collection, and tohave had its original label replaced by two labels with incomplete data inRidgway's hand
!
Harporhynchus Bendirei CouesAmerican Naturalist 7 (6) : 330 (footnote), fig. 69 (p. 329), June 1873.=Toxostoma bendirei bendirei (Coues). See Van Rossem, Trans, SanDiego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9: 381-382, 1942.100505. Adult male. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. Nov. 9, 1872.Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Received from Elliott Coues (inwhose private collection it was No. 2687), who acquired it from CharlesE. Bendire.100504. Adult female. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. July 28, 1872.Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Received from Elliott Coues (inwhose private collection it was No. 2688) , who acquired it from CharlesE. Bendire.Harporhynchus curvirostris inasculatus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 269, July 1900.=Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum (Nelson). See Van Rossem, Occas.Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. 21 : 194, 1945.164734. Adult male. Alamos (lat. 27?0r N., long. 108?58' W., fide VanRossem, op c/f., p. 303), State of Sonora, Mexico. Dec. 23, 1898. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 5989. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Methriopterus curvirostris occidentalis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5 : 9, June 14, 1882.=Toxostoma curvirostre occidentale (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7 : 299, 1934.37326. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Entered intothe museum register on Apr. 27, 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson.Original number 308.51525. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. March 1868.Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff.52789. Adult male. Tepic, State of Nayarit, Mexico. December 1865.Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 310.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 413Ridgway based this thrasher upon an indeterminable number of cotypes,but, in a footnote, stated that measurements were taken from four adults,and it must be assumed that not more than this number of specimens laybefore him.The three listed above seem unquestionably to deserve the status of co-types, but it is perhaps no longer possible to decide which of two representsthe fourth of the series. These are Nos. 51523 and 51524. The former wassent to William Brewster in 1873, given his private label with the number562 (which number does not appear in his private register, now preservedat the Museum of Comparative Zoology) , and at some time returned, withoutextant explanation, to the U.S. National Museum. If returned prior to thetime Ridgway described M. c. occidentalis, it presumably formed part ofthe series, but this cannot be proved. No. 51524, on the other hand, sup-posed never to have left Washington, has vanished without trace. In thecircumstances, it seems to me best to treat as cotypes only Nos. 37326,51525, and 52789.No. 52789 spent a period as part of Ridgway's private collection, duringwhich time it lost its original label and was given Ridgway's number 1990.Toxostoma curvirostris oberholseri LawCondor 30 (2) : 151, Mar. 15, 1928.=Toxostoma curvirostre oberholseri Law. See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 298, 1934.165931. Adult female. San Diego, Duval County, Texas. Apr. 17, 1900.Collected by Harry C. Oberholser. Original number 102. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Harporhynchus redivivus pasadenensis GrinnellAuk 15 (3): 237, July 1898.=Toxostoma redivivum redivivum (Gambel). See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 294, 1932.163068, Adult male. "Pasadena"="more exactly, Eaton Canon 'wash',some 3 miles southeast of Altadena" (see Grinnell, loc. cit.) , Los AngelesCounty, California. Feb. 6, 1897. Collected by Joseph Grinnell.Original number 2056. Received from Joseph Grinnell.Genus MKLANOTIS BonaparteMelanotis c?rulescens longirostris NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 10, Jan. 27, 1898.
=Melanotis caerulescens longirostris Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7 : 303, 304, 1934.156923. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. May 4, 1897. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 4242. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
414 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus MIMODES RidgwayHarporhynchus graysosii "Baird, MS." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3) : 1, "February-March" 1871.=Mimodes graysoni (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 305, 1934.39987 (not 59987). Adult male. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands,eastern Pacific Ocean off Mexico. June 1865. Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson.The "pale yellowish fulvous" of the under parts, mentioned in Lawrence'sdescription, is a result of the specimen's having been originally preservedin alcohol. Genus DUMETELLA "S.D.W."Dumetella carolinensis ruficrissa AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 132, Oct. 25, 1946.262173. Adult male. Colville Lake (near Sprague), Lincoln or AdamsCounty, Washington. June 10, 1918. Collected by Walter P. Taylor.Original number 294. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Dumetella carolinensis meridianus BurleighOriole 24(3-^0 : [29,] January 1960.382266. Adult male. Athens, Clarke County, Georgia. June 4, 1946.Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh, Original number 9497. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Although this number of "The Oriole" is dated "September-December1959," it did not reach Washington until January 18, 1960; the author, inWashington, received his reprints at a still later date.
' Genus MIMUS BoieMimus canadatus [sic] BairdIn Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: "xxxxv"=xxxv (in list, where spelled caudatus), 345, 1858.=Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors). See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 294, 1932.8159. Subadult male. "Los Angeles Valley"=vicinity of Los Angeles,Los Angeles County, California. October-November 1853. Collectedby Adolphus L. Heermann. Pacific Railroad Survey, California Line.8165. Subadult (sex not indicated). "Gila bottom"=vicinity of Yuma,Yuma County, Arizona. December 1854. Collected by Arthur C. V.Schott. Original number 26. United States-Mexican Boundary Survey.Mimus Bahamensis H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 114 (not earlier than September) 1859.=Mimus gundlachii gundlachii Cabanis. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 311, 1934.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 41513505. Adult (sex not indicated). "Bahama PCays" {fide museum label,written by Baird)=Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahama Islands,Caribbean Sea (fide entry in museum register, written by Baird). Jan.20-May 14, 1859. Collected by Henry Bryant, Received from HenryBryant.This form was based upon an indeterminate number of cotypes. Inaddition to ours, at least two others are known: these are Nos. 46870 and46871 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.Mimus Hillii MarchProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1863 (6) : 291 (not earlier thanNov. 24), 1863.=Mimus gundlachii hillii March. See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 113, 1950.26801. Adult male. Raid's Pen, near Great Salt Pond, St. CatherineParish, Middlesex County, Jamaica. October 1862. Collected byWilliam T. March. Original number 29.26802. Adult female. Great Salt Pond, St. Catherine Parish, MiddlesexCounty, Jamaica. Nov. 1, 1862. Collected by William T. March.Original number 29.370460. Adult male. Reid's Pen, near Great Salt Pond, St. CatherineParish, Middlesex County, Jamaica. October 1862. Collected byWilliam T. March. Original number 29.There was at least one other cotype. No. 26803, which was sent to HenryB. Tristram on June 9, 1870, and may now be preserved in the BritishMuseum (Natural History).No. 370460 was discovered without a number and first entered into themuseum register on Feb. 3, 1942. On the reverse side of the label iswritten in Lawrence's hand: "Return to G[eorge]. N[ewbold]. L[awrence]."It may be supposed that the specimen was set aside for Lawrence whenMarch's collection first arrived at Washington.Mimus gllvus lav. reiicei RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 10, June 14, 1882.=Mimus gilvus gracilis Cabanis. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 320, footnote 1, 1934.59677. Adult male (not female). Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.October 8 (not 29), 1869. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast.Original number 879.59678. Adult female (not male). Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.October 29 (not 8), 1869. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast.Original number 879.Mimus gilvus guatemalensis RidgwaySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 [Quarterly Issue 2(1) ] : 113, Aug. 6, 1904.=Mimus gilvus gracilis Cabanis. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 320 (footnote 1) , 1934.
416 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221150906. Adult male. Capetillo, Department of Suchilepequez, Guatemala.Nov. 18, 1890. Collected by H. Th. Heyde and Ernesto Lux. Originalnumber 224.Mimus gracilis leucophaeus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 506, Aug. 6, 1888.
==Mimus gilvus leucophaeus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 321, 1934.102447. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 24, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.102448. Adult (sex not indicated). Jan. 28, 1885. Other data same asfor 102447.102449. Adult male. Jan. 24, 1885. Other data same as for 102447.102450. Adult (sex not indicated). Jan. 23, 1885. Other data same asfor 102447.102451. Adult male. Jan. 22, 1885. Other data same as for 102447.102452. Adult female. Jan. 22, 1885. Other data same as for 102447.102453. Adult (sex not indicated). Jan. 22, 1885. Other data same asfor 102447. -Mimus gilvus rostratus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 173, Sept. 1,1884. / !97927. Adult male. Curagao Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofFalcon, Venezuela. Feb. 10-18, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedictand Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.97928. Adult female. Curagao Island. Feb. 10-18, 1884. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Mimus patagonicus tricosus Wetmore and J. L. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 36: 145, May 1, 1923.
=Miinus patagonicus (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7: 322 (footnote 1 ) , 1934.237199. Adult male. Lujan de Cuyo, Province of Mendoza, Argentina.July 8, 1912. Collected by (or for) Renato Sanzin. Original number33. Received from Carlos S. Reed.Mimus peruvianus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 87, "pi. xxiv, fig. 2,"l&i8.=Mimus longicaudatus longicaudatus von Tschudi. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 7 : 325, 1934.14486. Adult female. Near Callao, Department of Callao, Peru. July1839. U.S. Exploring Expedition ( 1838-1842)
.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 417Genus NESOMIMUS RidgwayNesomimus personalus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 104, Feb. 5, 1890.:^Nesomimus parvulus personatus Ridgway. Hee Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7 : 337, 1934.116098. Adult male. Abingdon (Pinta) Island, Galapagos Islands(Archipielago de Colon), eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. Apr. 16,1888. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Nesomimus macdonaldi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 103, fig. 1, Feb. 5, 1890.116066. Adult male. Hood (Espafiola) Island, Galapagos Islands(Archipielago de Colon), eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. Apr. 7,1888. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus ALLENIA CoryMargarops albivenlris LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 4 (1-2): 23 (not earlier than Feb. 28),1887.
=Allenia jusca (P. L. S. Miiller). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 339, 340, 1934.189817. Adult female. "The Park," St. Andrew Parish, Grenada Island,Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Jan. 19, 1887. Collected by JohnG. Wells.Although this number of the Annals is dated "June," a separate ofLawrence's paper was received at the U.S. National Museum on Apr. 6, 1887.Genus CINCLOCERTHIA G. R. GrayCinclocerthia ruficauda pavida RidgwaySmithsonian Misc. Coll 47 [Quarterly Issue 2(1)]: 113, Aug. 6, 1904.80925. Adult male. Saint Christopher (Saint Kitts) Island, LeewardIslands, Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum register on Oct. 23,1880. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 218.Cinclocerthia ruficauda tenebrosa RidgwaySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 [Quarterly Issue 2(1) ]: 112, Aug. 6, 1904.74060. Adult male. Carabries Mountain, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Feb. 8, 1878. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 469.Family TURDIDAE: ThrushesGenus LUSCINIA T. ForsterLuscinia davidi gloriosa SushkinAuk 43 (2) : 181, Apr. 7, 1926.
=Luscinia pectardens (David). See Hartert and Steinbacher, Die Vogelder palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsband (4) : 326, 1935.
4l8 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221297006. Adult male. Between Yulo and Nguluko, western slopes of theLikiang Mountains, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. May 24,1923. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 499. NationalGeographic Society's Yunnan Province Expedition.Icoturus naniiyei StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 644, Mar. 9, 1887.
=Luscinia komadori namiyei (Stejneger). See Orn. Soc. Japan, Hand-list of the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 74, 1942.109474. Adult male. Nagogatake (a mountain at lat. 26?35' N., long.128?0r E.), Okinawa Island, Ryu Kyu Islands, East China Sea. Mar.21, 1886. Collected by M. Namiye. Received from the Tokyo Educa-tional Museum. I , : .,- .' ' / 'Cyanecula abbotti Richmond : ,:Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 484, June 24, 1896.
=Luscinia svecica abbotti (Richmond). See Hartert, Vogel der pala-arktischen Fauna 1(6): 750, 1910.150370. Adult male. Nubra Valley (at elev. 10,000 feet), not far abovethe confluence of the Nubra and Shiok Rivers, Ladakh District, Jammuand Kashmir State, India. July 16, 1893. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus BRACHYPTERYX HorsfieldHeleroxeniciJS iiangka RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 45 : 59, Apr. 2, 1932.
=Brachypter'yx leucophris carolinae La Touche. See Deignan, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 186: 406, 407, 1945.330582. Adult male. Pang Mae Ton (lat. 18?55' N., long 99?15' E.),Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Apr. 29, 1931. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 4722.Bracliypteryx malisidangeiisis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 441, May 22, 1909.
=^Brach'ypteryx montana malindangensis Mearns. See Delacour, in Dela-cour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 179, 1946.202137. Adult female. Summit of Mount Malindang (elev. 9,000 feet),Province of Misamis, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. June 5,1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 14269.Brachypteryx mindanensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 3, Jan. 20, 1905.
=Brachypteryx montana mindanensis Mearns. See Delacour, in Delacourand Mayr, Birds of the PhiUppines, p. 179, 1946.192255. Adult female. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,000 feet), Province ofDavao, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. June 21, 1904. Col-lected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13546.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 419Genus COPSYCHUS WaglerGittocincla superciliaris Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 23, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Copsychus luzoniensis superciliaris (Bourns and Worcester). SeeDelacour, in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 180, 1946.316165. Adult male. Palanoc, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands. Nov.4, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3980of the Menage Collection.316166. Subadult male. Palanoc, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands.Nov. 14, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3982 ofthe Menage Collection.Kittacincia malabarica pellogyna OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 4, July 16, 1923.=Copsychus malabaricus pellogynus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).173176. Adult female. Bok Pyin (lat. 11?16' N., long. 98?46' E.),Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Feb. 14, 1900. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Kittacincia malabarica lamprogyna OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 5, July 16, 1923.
==Copsychus malabaricus pellogynus (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.),173173. Adult female. Saint Luke Island, Mergui Archipelago, MerguiDistrict, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Jan. 21, 1900. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Kittacincia nielanura hypoliza OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 13, Oct. 26, 1912.=Copsychus malabaricus melanurus (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:391-392, 1944; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.179300. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Jan. 3, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Kittacincia nielanura opisthochra OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7j : 13, Oct. 26, 1912.=Copsychus malabaricus melanurus (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:391-392, 1944; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.179299. Adult female. Pulau Lasia, Tapah Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 7, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.
420 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Kittacincla melanura pagensis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 3, July 16, 1923.
=^Copsychus malabaricus melanurus (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:391-392, 1944; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.180079. Subadult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 9, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica opisthisa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 13, Oct. 26, 1912.^=Copsychus malabaricus opisthopelus (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 392, 1944; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30 : 112, 1945.179301. Adult male. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 23, 1902. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica opisthopela OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 13, Oct. 26, 1912.
=^Copsychus malabaricus opisthopelus (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 392, 1944; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.180090. Adult female. Pulau Tana Bala, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 5, 1903. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica mallopercna OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 5, July 16, 1923.=Copsychus malabaricus mallopercnus (Oberholser) . See Chasen, Hand-list of Malaysian birds, p. 236, 1935; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.178969. Adult female. Pulau Singkep (lat. 0?30' S., long. 104?25' E.),Lingga Islands, South China Sea off Sumatra. May 18, 1901. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica abbotti OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 5, July 16, 1923.=Copsychus malabaricus abbotti (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 237, 1935; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.180538. Adult female. Tanjong Bedawu (not "Bedaan"), lat 2?36' S.,long. 105?53' E., Bangka Island, South China Sea off Sumatra. June7, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica ochroptila OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98:5 (in checklist), 51, June 30, 1917.
=Copsychus malabaricus ochroptilus (Oberholser). See Chasen, Hand-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 421
list of Malaysian birds, p, 237, 1935; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.170954. Adult male. Pulau Siantan, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.Sept. 8, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica heterogyna OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist), 53, June 30, 1917.
=Copsychus malabaricus heterogynus (Oberholser). See Chasen, Hand-list of Malaysian birds, p. 237, 1935; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.170918. Adult female. Pulau Riabu, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.August 18, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica euniesa OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist) , 81, 1932.
=Copsychus malabaricus eumesus (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 237, 1935; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.174742. Adult male. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna Island), northernNatuna Islands, South China Sea. July 14, 1900. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Kittacincla malabarica zaphotina OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 6, July 16, 1923.=Copsychus malabaricus suavis Sclater. See Chasen, Handlist of Malay-sian birds, p. 237, 1935; Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr, Zoologica,NewYork30: 112,1945.178140. Adult female. "Central Borneo." 1899. Collected by A. W.Nieuwenhuis. Original number 660. Received from the Rijks Museumvan Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden.This specimen is very probably the one listed by Finsch ( Notes from theLeyden Museum 22: 176, 1901); in that case, it was collected October-December 1899 "am oberen Mahakkam . . . und zwar an der Einmiindungdes siidlichen Nebenflusses Blu oder Bluve ... in ca. 200 Meter Erhebung"{op. cit., p. 164).Copsychus saularis prosthopellus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 1, July 16, 1923.86140. Adult male. Deep Bay, New Territories, Hong Kong. Nov. 13(not 12, fide collector's field register), 1881. Collected by Pierre L.Jouy and Frank C. Dale. Original number 203.Copsychus saularis crimelas OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 2, July 16, 1923.95306. Adult male. "Kankarit, Houndraw Branch"=Haungdaraw River,near Kawkareik, Amlierst District, Tenasserim Division, Burma. June27, 1879. Collected by C. T. Bingham. Received from the BritishMuseum (Natural History), which acquired it as part of the HumeCollection.
422 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Copsychus saularis haliblectus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 2, July 16, 1923.=Copsychiis saularis erimelas Oberholser. See Riley, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 172:406, 1938.173179. Adult female. Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago, Mergui Dis-trict, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Feb. 27, 1900. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Copsychus saularis zacnecus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 12, Oct. 26, 1912.179291. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Dec. 2, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Copsychus saularis nesiarchus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 3, July 16, 1923.180075. Adult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, eastern In-dian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 22, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott. . : ,Copsychus saularis pagiensis RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 105, June 15, 1912.180077. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Dec. 22, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Copsychus saularis ephalus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 2, July 16, 1923.^^Copsychus saularis musicus (Raffles). See Chasen, Handlist of Malay-sian birds, p. 235, 1935.180979. Adult male. Tarusan Bay (lat. 1?13' S., long. 100?25' E.),western Sumatra. Jan. 15, 1905. Collected by William L. Abbott.Copsychus saularis nesiotes OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 3, July 16, 1923.180537. Adult male. Tanjong Bedawu (not "Bedaan"), lat. 2?36' S.,long. 105?53' E., Bangka Island, South China Sea off Sumatra. June4, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.Copsychus inexspectatus RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 19: 688, May 13, 1897.=Copsychus albospecularis inexspectatus Richmond. See Rand, Bull.Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 72: 437, 1936.151279. Adult male. Mouth of the Fanantara River, eastern Madagascar.May 18, 1895. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus COSSYPHA VigorsCossypha natalensis garguensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 2, Nov. 29, 1913.217681. Adult female. South Creek, Mount Gargues (at elev. 3,600 feet)
,
Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony, Sept. 4, 1911. Collected
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 423by Edmund Heller. Original number 297. Rainey African Expedition(1911).Cossypha natalensis intensa MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 2, Nov. 29, 1913.=Cossypha natalensis natalensis A. Smith. See Friedmann, in Friedmannand Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 81 : 251, 1937.118105. Adult male. Taveta, Teita District, Kenya Colony. Apr. 26,1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus POGONOCICHLA CabanisPogonocichia cucullata helleri MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 1, Nov. 29, 1913.
=Pogonocichla margaritata orientalis (Fischer and Reichenow) ? SeeFriedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 157, 1937.217720. Adult male. Summit of Mount Mbololo, elev, 4,400 feet ("in theTaita Hills, about midway between Kilimanjaro and the coast," fideHollister, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull 99:22, 1918), Teita District, KenyaColony. Nov. 8, 1911. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original num-ber 416. Paul J. Rainey African Expedition ( 1911 )
.
Pogonocichia cucullata keniensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 9, Apr. 17, 1911.^=Pogonocichla margaritata keniensis Mearns. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 156, 1937.215577. Adult male. Western slope of Mount Kenya (at elev. 10,700feet), North Nyeri or South Nyeri District, Kenya Colony. Sept. 29,1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 16942.Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus ERYTHROPYGIA A. SmithErythropygia coryphaeus abboti FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 45 : 65, Apr. 2, 1932.331162. Adult (sex not indicated). Fish River, 6 miles from Berseba,Great Namaqualand, Territory of South-West Africa. Mar. 1, 1931.Collected by Margaret Sordahl (Mrs. Louis 0. Sordahl). Originalnumber 23.Since this form was named in honor of Charles G. Abbot, Secretary ofthe Smithsonian Institution, the subspecific name is correctly spelled.Erythropygia leucophrys jungens BowenProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47 : 162, Oct. 2, 1934.217480. Adult male. Kabalolot Hill (at the head of the Amala River),Kericho District or Masai Reserve, Kenya Colony. May 7, 1911. Col-lected by Edmund Heller. Original number 114. Rainey AfricanExpedition (1911).
500936?61 28
424 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus MONTICOLA BoiePetrophila rufocinerea tenuis FriedmannOccas. Pap. Boston See. Nat. Hist. 5: 325, Sept. 2, 1930.
=Monticola rufocinereus tenuis (Friedmann). See Jackson, Birds ofKenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate 2 : 959, 1938.217733. Adult male. Summit of Mount Lololokui, elev. 6,000 feet("twenty miles north-west of Archer's Post, near Uraguess," fide Jack-son, op. cit, 1: xxxii, 1938), Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony.September 15, 1911. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number356. Paul J. Rainey African Expedition (1911)
.
Genus SIALIA SwainsonSialia sialis episcopus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washigton 30: 27, Feb. 21, 1917.241188. Adult male. Santa Engracia, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.Dec. 15, 1911. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which acquired it from Louis B. Bishop,in whose private collection it was No. 23808.Sialia azurea BairdReview of American birds 1 : 62, July 1864.
=Sialia sialis azurea Baird. See Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.64: 312-315, 1932.28021. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Hacienda
"Mirador," State of Veracruz, Mexico. Entered into the museum regis-ter on Mar. 24, 1863. Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius.Baird had a series of four specimens, but he implied, at the originaldescription, that No. 28021 was, in his eyes, the type.Griscom {loc. cit.) has discussed the extraordinary nomenclatorial tanglebrought about by Swainson's unsatisfactory introduction of the name azurea.Although Griscom finally followed the decision of the A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature and called this form S. s. guatemalae Ridg-way, to avoid disturbance of nomenclature "to no purpose," it is my ownview that Baird's name must be used.Baird considered Swainson's name a nomen nudum and invalid,but "preferred to adopt his name rather than present a new one." It wasquite certainly Baird's intention, by carefully describing a type specimen, toclothe the nomen nudum and bring it into literature under his own aegis,and Hellmayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 479, 1934) has erredin treating Baird's name simply as a misapplication of Swainson's.Sialia sialis guatemalae RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5 : 13, June 14, 1882.
=Sialia sialis azurea Baird. See Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.64: 312-315, 1932; remarks under preceding form.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 42530661. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). Tactic ("avillage in the hilly country . . . about ten miles south of Coban," fideGriscom, op. cit., p. 423), Department of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.Nov. 5, 1859. Received from Osbert Salvin.45621. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Coban, Depart-ment of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala. November 1859. Collected byOsbert Salvin. Original number 1271. Received from Osbert Salvin.49221. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female) . "Central Guate-mala (Coban to Clusec)." Entered into the museum register on Oct.24, 1867. Collected by Henry Hague.50411. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Guatemala, De-partment of Guatemala, Guatemala. Entered into the museum registeron Mar. 4, 1868. Collected by C. H. Van Patten.Ridgway had "a considerable series ... of Guatemalan Bluebirds," andreferred to specimens in the United States National Museum from "Coban toClusec," Tactic, and Coban. No mention was made of the bird from theCity of Guatemala, but since Ridgway himself at some time made No. 50411the lectotype, it presumably formed part of his original material. The fourlisted above seem to be the only potential cotypes still in the collection.Griscom {op. cit., p. 314) has shown that S. s. guatemalae must be syn-onymized with whatever name is used for the breeding form of southeasternMexico. Support for this view is offered by the fact that No. 30661, acotype of guatemalae, is also a paratype of Baird's azurea.S[ialia]. occidentalis J. K. TownsendJoum. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 188, 1837.
^:^=Sialia mexicana occidentalis Townsend. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 481, 1934.1930. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). "Columbiariver"=Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington. Collected byJohn K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired itfrom John J. Audubon.2949. Adult female. "Columbia River"=Fort Vancouver, Clarke County,Washington. Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from SpencerF. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.No. 2949 carries a label with data written by Audubon's hand. A thirdcotype, No. 1931, a male, cannot now be found in the collection.S[iaIIa]. m[exicana]. bairdi RidgwayAuk 11 (2): 157, April 1894.
^=Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 481, 1934.7637. Adult male. "Camp 110, N[ew]. M[exico]."=Cactus Pass (about20 miles east of Kingman ) , Mohave County, Arizona (not New Mexico )
.
Jan. 31, 1854. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennedy and H. Baldwin
426 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Mollhausen. Original number 60. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line ofthe 35th Parallel.Sialia mexicana australis Nelson w ,Proc. Biol. Soc, Washington 16: 159, Nov. 30, 1903.185183. Adult male. Cerro Tancitaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.Feb. 26, 1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 9168. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Sialia macroptera Bairdin Stansbury, Exploration and survey of the valley of the Great SaltLake of Utah, Appendix C, Birds, p. 314, 1852.
=Sialia currucoides (Bechstein). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 7: 482, 1934.3706. Adult male. Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah. Mar. 18{fide original description) or 21 {fide the oldest label, written by Baird)
,
1850. Collected by Howard Stansbury. Exploration and Survey ofthe Great Salt Lake of Utah (1849-1850)
.
The oldest label carried by this skin, with data in Baird's hand, gives thecollection date as Mar. 21, "1851," but in the original description it wasstated to be Mar. 18, 1850. Since Stansbury's party was no longer in thefield in 1851, it is obvious that the date on the label is, at least in part,erroneous. Genus MYADESTES SwainsonPtilogonys Tovvnsendi Audubon 'Birds of America (folio) 4 (84) : pi. 419, fig. 2, 1838.=Myadestes townsendi toivnsendi (Audubon). See Helhnayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 434, 1934; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 68: 368, 1951.2922, Adult female. "Columbia River"="near Fort George, (Astoria.)"(see Townsend, Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains,Appendix, p. 339, 1839), Clatsop County, Oregon. Collected by W.Brotchie. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from JohnJ. Audubon.Myadestes obscurus cinereus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 30, May 29, 1899.164262. Adult male (not female). Mountains near Alamos (lat. 27?01'N., long. 108?58' W.), State of Sonora, Mexico. Jan. 3, 1899. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 6051. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Myadestes obscurus var. insularis StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 373, Apr. 13, 1882.=Myadestes obscurus insularis Stejneger. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 436, 1934.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 42737327. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit, Mexico.January 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 60.Myadestes obscurus var. occidentalis StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 372, Apr. 13, 1882.
^=Myadestes obscurus occidentalis Stejneger. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 435, 1934.35038. Adult male. Tonila, State of Jalisco, Mexico. "October" 1863.Collector unknown ("was in cage three weeks," fide Xantus's note onlabel). Received from John Xantus (in whose field register it wasgiven the number 2219)
.
Myiadestes solitarius BairdReview of American birds 1 : 420 (in key) , 421, June 1866.
^=Myadestes genibarbis solitarius Baird. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 121, 1950.30285. Adult male. Mountains of Port Royal Parish, County of Surrey,Jamaica. March 1863. Collected by ? Colchester, for William T.March. Original number 55. Received from William T. March.Myadestes dominicanus StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 22, pi. 2, fig. 5, June 12, 1882.
=Myadestes genibarbis dominicanus Stejneger. See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 122, 1950.77801. Adult male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.Entered into the museum register on Apr. 23, 1879. Collected byFrederick A. Ober.Myiadestes sibilans LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 147 [p. 148, in reprint], June 1878.
=Myadestes genibarbis sibilans Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 122, 1950.74061. Adult female. Crater of La Soufriere, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Nov. 1, 1877. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 423.74062. Adult male. Crater of La Soufriere, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Nov. 3, 1877. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 433.Myadestes coloratus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 23, Sept. 27, 1912.
=Myadestes ralloides coloratus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 442, 1934.232601. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,000 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. Mar. 6, 1912.Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15309. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
428 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Myiadestes unicolor SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 24 : 299, Jan. 26, 1857.
==Myadestes unicolor unicolor Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7 : 443, 1934.22377. Adult female. Cordoba, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Collectedby Auguste Salle. Received from the Maison Verreaux, Paris.Since Sclater referred to male and female specimens, we may be sure thathe had at least two cotypes. One of these was retained by him and is nowin the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Although ourbird bears only the label of the Maison Verreaux, it is marked as "type deSclater," and there is no reason to doubt its cotypeship.Genus PLATYCICHLA BairdPlatycichla brevipes BairdReview of American birds 1 : 32, 436, June and July 1864.
=Platycichla flavipes flavipes (Vieillot). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 425, 426, 1934.23954. Immature (sex not indicated, but apparently female). "On thecoast of South America, probably in Brazil"==State of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. 1841 or 1842. Collected by G. R. B. Horner. Received fromthe National Institute.The U.S.S. "Delaware," on which Horner traveled, visited, in the courseof the 1841-1842 cruise, only two localities on the South American main-land?Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo (see Horner, Medical topography ofBrazil and Uruguay, Philadelphia, 1845)
.
It should be noted that page 32 of the Review of American Birds, onwhich Baird's new name appears, was published in June 1864, while page 33,on which the major part of the description is found, was issued in July 1864.Genus ENTOMODESTES StejnegerPtilogonys leucotis von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 270, 1844.
=Entomodestes leucotis (von Tschudi). See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica, New York 27: 52, 1942.41908. Adult (sex not indicated). "Peru." Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.Although Hellmayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7:445, 1934)writes "type in Neuchatel Museum," it may be noted that von Berlepsch andHellmayr (Journ. fiir Orn. 53: 6-20, 1905) failed to find such a specimen29 years earlier. Whether other cotypes than ours exist is not known to me.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 429Genus PHAEORNIS SclaterPhaeornis myadestina StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 90, May 17, 1887.
=Phaeornis ohscura myadestina Stejneger. See Munro, Birds of Hawaii,p. 77, 1944.110041. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 24, 1886. Collectedby Valdemar Knudsen,Genus CATIIARUS BonaparteMalacocichla niaculata SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 26: 64, Apr. 13, 1858.
=Catharus dryas maculatus (Sclater) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 462, 1934.32683. Adult male. "Rio Napo," Province of Napo-Pastaza, Ecuador.Received from the Maison Verreaux, Paris.Salvin (Proc, Zool. Soc. London, for 1866:68, 1866) writes: "I haverecently compared Dr. Sclater's types of C. maculatus with my specimensof C. dryas." This indicates that the series lent Sclater by the brothersVerreaux consisted of more than one skin, and that two or more were re-tained by Sclater, even though no such birds are listed under maculatus inhis "Catalogue of a collection of American birds" (p. 1, 1862), or in "Cata-logue of the birds in the British Museum" (5: 205, 1881) . Our No. 32683,purchased from the Maison Verreaux as a type (see Baird, Review of Ameri-can birds 1: 10 footnote, 1864, may well be one of Sclater's originalseries, but it is no longer possible to adduce evidence for this view.Catharus mexicanus sniithi NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 22: 49, Apr. 17, 1909.
=Catharus mexicanus mexicanus (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 462, 463 (footnote 1), 1934.204801. Adult male. "Carricitos pueblo (5500-6000 ft.) in Sierra Madreabout 40 m. west & 20 m. north of [Ciudad] Victoria . . . (in a deepbarranca)," State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Oct. 16, 1908. Collectedby Austin Paul Smith. Original number 1144. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.The locality data given above appear on the reverse of each of the labelsused by the collector for specimens from this place. On the obverse he hasnoted that this particular bird was taken at 6,000 feet.Catharus fumosus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 505, Aug. 6, 1888.=Catharus mexicanus fumosus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 464, 1934.
430 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221101765. Adult male. "Costa Rica"==:Jimenez, Province of Limon, CostaRica (see Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica 1: 104, 1888). Oct.30,1884. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon.Catharus fuscater mirabilis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 24, Sept. 27, 1912.
==Catharus fuscater fuscater (Lafresnaye) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 465, 466, 1934.232933. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,200 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Province of Darien, Panama. Apr. 18, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15534. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Catharus fuscater opertaneus WetmoreNovedades Colombianas, Contr. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. Univ. Cauca,Popayan, Colombia 2 : 46, June 1, 1955.427029. Adult male. Hacienda "Potreros" (elev. 6,500 feet) , "on the RioHerradura, 15 miles southwest of Frontino," Department of Antioquia,Colombia. June 10, 1950. Collected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr.Original number 18410.Catharus olivascens Nelson ?' ' ' ' 'i.';.t>'-> '.'?>:-:Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13:31, May 29, 1899.
^=Catharus occidentalis olivascens Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 467, 1934.164263. Adult male. The Sierra Madre, 65 miles east of Batopilas, Stateof Chihuahua, Mexico. Sept. 30, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 5874. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service. 'Catharus occidentalis fulvescens NelsonAuk 14 ( 1 ) : 75, January 1897.142436. Adult male. Amecameca, State of Mexico, Mexico. Feb. 1,1893. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 764. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Catharus frantzii omiltemensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 213, Oct. 17, 1905.
=Catharus occidentalis fulvescens Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 467 (footnote 3) , 468, 1934.185751. Adult male. Omilteme, State of Guerrero, Mexico. May 19,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 9918. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Catharus melponiene clarus JouyProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 773, Apr. 18, 1894.
=Catharus aurantiirostris clarus Jouy. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 470, 1934.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 431126627. Adult male. Barranca Ibarra ("half a day's journey north ofthe city [of Guadalajara]," fide Jouy, op. cit., p. 772), State of Jalisco,Mexico. May 13, 1892. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number1322. Genus HYLOCICHLA BairdHylocichla guttata euboria OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 ( 12 ) : 69, Sept. 12, 1956.165716. Adult male. Shore of Lewes River (a tributary of the YukonRiver), Yukon Territory, Canada. July 21, 1899. Collected by Wil-fred H. Osgood, Original number 156. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Hylocichla aonolaschkae verecunda OsgoodAuk 18 (2): 183, April 1901.
=Hylocichla guttata nana (Audubon) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 454, 1934.166901. Adult female. Mountains at Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island,Queen Charlotte Islands, Province of British Columbia, Canada. June22, 1900. Collected by Wilfred H. Osgood and Edmund Heller. Orig-inal number 429. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Turdus aiiduboni BairdReview of American Birds 1 : 16, June 1864.
=Hylccichla guttata auduboni (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 455, 1934.10886. Adult male. "Fort Bridger, Utah (Camp Scott. )"=Fort Bridger,Uinta County, Wyoming (not Utah). May 28, 1858. Collected byConstantin Drexler. Original number 483.Hylocichla guttata crymophiia Burleigh and H. S. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 117, June 16, 1948.382061. Adult male. Badger, Grand Falls District, Province of New-foundland, Canada. June 11, 1942. Collected by Harold S. Petersand Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 83. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Turdus ustulatus NuttallManual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, landbirds, ed. 2, pp. vi, 400 [where misspelled cestulatus], 830, 1840.
=Hylocichla ustulata ustulata (Nuttall). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 456-457, 1934.2040. Adult (sex not indicated). "Columbia River"=Fort Vancouver,Clarke County, Washington. Collected by John K. Townsend. Re-ceived from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.The bird here listed is, according to a manuscript note made by Baird{in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Birds of North America, Philadelphia,
432 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2211860) on the margin of Plate LXXXI, for the lower figure of which it servedas model, 'Type of Nuttall?" Since Nuttall {op. cit. p. 401) has mentionedthat he had only one specimen from which to describe the species, and No.2040 still bears Townsend's own label, it may be assumed that it is indeedthe type, and that it is a female collected on June 10, 1835, as stated atNuttall's original description.Hylocichla ustulata oedica OberholserAuk 16 (1): 23, January 1899.
=^Hoylocichla ustulata oedica Oberholser, fide Aldrich ( MS. )
.
79462. Adult male. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, California.June 25, 1875. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number66. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian(Expedition of 1875).Hylocichla ustulata alniae OberholserAuk 15 (4) : 304, October 1898.
=Hylocichla ustulata almae Oberholser. See A.O.U. Committee on Clas-sification and Nomenclature, Auk 61 : 457, 1944.159053. Adult male. East Humboldt Mountains (at a point oppositeFranklin Lake), Elko County, Nevada. June 24, 1898. Collected byHarry C. Oberholser. Original number 85. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Hylocichla ustulata clarescens Burleigh and H. L. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 118, June 16, 1948.382037. Adult male. Glenwood (on Gander River, about 5 miles aboveits confluence with Gander Lake), Grand Falls District, Province ofNewfoundland, Canada. June 18, 1942. Collected by Harold L. Petersand Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 122. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Turdus aliciae Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Expl, and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xxxi, 210(in key), 217, 1858.
=H'ylocichla minima minima (Lafresnaye) . See Wallace, Proc. BostonSoc. Nat. Hist. 41 : 238-242, 1939.10084. Adult (sex not indicated) . West Northfield, Cook County, Illinois.Not later than Apr. 29, 1857. Collected by Alice M. Kennicott, forRobert Kennicott.In a letter of the Deane Collection at the Library of Congress, fromRobert Kennicott to his younger sister, Alice Mary Kennicott (1844-1919),is found the following passage: "Among my birds is one pretty little thrushwhich is new. The first specimen collected you skinned. Hoy called itTurdus solitarius but he is wrong. Prof. Baird names it T. alicea. Its apretty little bird and I was very glad to have Prof. Baird name it for you.I think it is rather common. It is one of the smallest of the Thrushes andyou could probably get a lot about the first of May. Don't neglect workin the house for bird skinning tho'."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 433Baird had six specimens, treated at the original description as cotypes(not all of which might now be considered representative of H. m. "aliciae") ,but the fact that he himself wrote "Type of species" on the label of the onebird collected by Miss Kennicott leads me to accord type status to it alone.No. 10083, taken by Kennicott himself on Apr. 29, 1857, reached Washing-ton at the same time as No. 10084; it is clear from the quotation given abovethat Alice's skin could not have been collected later than Robert's.Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 377, Apr. 13, 1882.^Hylocichla minima bicknelli Ridgway. See Wallace, Proc. Boston Soc.Nat. Hist. 41 : 238-242, 1939.95545. Adult male. Summit of Shde Mountain, Ulster County, New York.June 15, 1881. Collected by Eugene P. Bicknell. Original number652. Received from Eugene P. Bicknell.95546. Adult female. Riverdale-on-Hudson, Bronx County, New York.Oct. 8, 1881. Collected by Eugene P. Bicknell. Original number 706.Received from Eugene P. Bicknell.This race was based upon seven specimens, the property of Eugene P.Bicknell, each of which was made an equivalent cotype; if some of themare to be considered as having a superior claim to typeship, these wouldbe Bicknell's Nos. 652 and 653, which alone of the series v/ere taken on thebreeding ground. The seven were returned to Bicknell after Ridgway hadcompleted his study, but in February 1884 a pair was presented by thecollector to the U.S. National Museum, and at some subsequent date themale, No. 95545, was singled out by Richmond as the type.That the donor did not feel that he was presenting us the type may beshown by quotation from a letter of Feb. 18, 1884, addressed to Ridgway:
"I owe you a profound apology for not having sent you long before thisthe promised specimens of T. bicknelli. As I told you when you were inN.Y. I was reserving the type specimens of the bird to show to some whodesired to see them. Now I send one of the type Catskill birds ( $ ) and a5 from Riverdale. I met with a most unfortunate and vexatious accidentwith several of my specimens of this bird. I had set some aside in a cigarbox preparatory to taking them to N.Y. The box remained undisturbedlonger than I had expected and when I opened it, although it had be [sic]left in a dark closet high on a shelf, Dermestes were at work!?In this waythe 9 I send has the tip of her bill destroyed?I send it because it is thesmallest example of the form that I have ever seen, and in other respectsis the best female I have. The Catskill example I send is less typical thanthe one I retain, which is much browner above, more reddish on the tail,and is the specimen about which you particularly remarked the Lusciniacharacter of bill. This I would have sent, believing that the U.S. Museumor Smithsonian ought to have the best type specimen, but as it shows slightmarks of dermestes, I send the more perfect one."
434 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22 1Wallace {op. cit., pp. 394, 397) seems not to have examined the five skinskept by Bicknell, and it is probable that the ravages of Dermestidae led totheir destruction, with the result that the two in Washington are the onlysurviving cotypes.Hylocichla fuscescens subpallida Burleigh and DuvallProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72(8) : 33, May 1, 1959.419601. Adult male. Moscow, Latah County, Idaho. June 10, 1951.Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 13895. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Hylociclila fuseeseens salicicola RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 374, Apr. 13, 1882.66667. Adult male. Fort Garland, Costilla County, Colorado. May 26,1873. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 142.Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian(Expedition of 1873).66669 (not 66689). Adult male. Fort Garland, Costilla County, Colo-rado, June 19, 1873. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Originalnumber 577. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the100th Meridian (Expedition of 1873).79460. Adult female. Fort Garland, Costilla County, Colorado. June19, 1873. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw, Original number 376.Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian(Expedition of 1873). , .Ridgway based this race upon a series of eleven cotypes, but some ofthese are now taxonomically useless, and it seems to me advisable to listhere only those from the restricted type locality, especially since at leasttwo of them have the words "var. salicicolus Ridg./Type!" on the label inRidgway's hand. The third, No. 66669, at some time became No. 2631 ofRidgway's private collection, when it had its original label removed; con-ceivably it also had been designated by the describer as "type."At the first description, five specimens were mentioned as from FortGarland, but, in fact, No. 66668 is from Denver, In addition to the threelisted above, there was No. 79461, which was sent to Henry W, Henshawin 1887; its present whereabouts is unknown, but may be the BritishMuseum (Natural History).In cases such as this, where no specimen's claims to typeship are superiorto another's, it was the practice of the late Charles W. Richmond to makethe first male listed the lectotype, and degrade all other skins to paratype-ship. But since the first listed. No, 79461, had already left the museumprior to his investigation of the problem, he was compelled either to admitthat the type was no longer in Washington, or to elect a specimen otherthan the first listed. In choosing the second, No. 66667, he laid aside abird which, by his own rule, should not have been considered a type at all
!
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 435Genus CICHLHERMINIA BonaparteMargarops dominicensis LawrenceForest and Stream 14 (9): 165, Mar. 27, 1880 [author's reprint].
=Cichlherminia Vherminieri dominicensis (Lawrence) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 7: 451, 1934.77799. Aduh male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.Entered into the museum register on Apr. 23, 1879. Collected byFrederick A. Ober. Original number 92.Lawrence based this form upon a series of five males, but mentioned thatthe type was in the collection of the United States National Museum. Onlytwo of the specimens are now here, and No. 77799 alone bears the word
"Type" in Lawrence's hand, so the other four were evidently considered byhim mere paratypes.Lawrence's name is generally cited from Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 3: 16,April ? 1880, but in fact it appeared earlier in "Forest and Stream," as givenabove, on Apr. 1, 1880, and the author's separate, dated March 27, wasreceived by Ridgway in Washington on March 30. The description inthe Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. is an almost exact duplication of the one in "Forestand Stream"; the only changes are from "centers" to "centres," and from
"black terminal spot" (as intended by Lawrence) to "light terminal spot."Genus MIMOCICHLA SclaterMiniocichla rubripes eremita RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 213, Oct. 17, 1905.
=Mimocichla plumbea rubripes (Temminck). See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 118, 1950.111219. Adult male. Swan Island, Caribbean Sea at lat. IT'SO' N., long.84?00'W. Feb. 4, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Originalnumber 1777.Mimocichla schistacea BairdReview of American birds 1 : 35 (in key) , 37, July 1864.
=Mimocichla plumbea schistacea Baird. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 118, 1950.17713. Adult male. Monte Verde, Province of Oriente, Cuba. Enteredinto the museum register on July 21, 1860. Collected by CharlesWright.Although Baird based his detailed description upon No. 17713, throughinadvertence he wrote the word "Type" on the label of No. 17712 (not17112) , the exceptional skin with "dirty whitish thighs."
436 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221 %v-*^"Genus TURDUS LinnaeusMerula merula intermedia RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 585, July 25, 1896.=Turdus merula intermedius (Richmond). See Hartert, Vogel der pala-arktischen Fauna 1(6): 670, 1910.150443. Adult female. Aqsu (Wensuh), Sinkiang at about lat. 40?10'N., long. 80?00' E. Nov. 20, 1893. Collected by William L. Abbott.Turdus merula sowerbyi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 135, Nov. 19, 1951.277524. Adult male. Loshan (Kiating), Province of Szechwan, China.Mar. 2, 1924. Collected by David C. Graham.Turdus wulsini RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 115, Nov. 13, 1925.=Turdus merula mandarinus Bonaparte. See Deignan, Proc. Biol. Soc.Washington 64: 135,1951.305466. Subadult (not adult) male. Hingi (Hwangtsaopa), KweichowProvince, China. Sept. 10, 1924. Collected by Frederick R. Wulsin.Original number 2142. National Geographic Society Central-ChinaExpedition.Merula mayonensis MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 358, October 1907.=TUrdus poliocephalus mayonensis (Mearns) . See Delacour, in Delacourand Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 183, 184, 1946.202490. Adult male. Mount Mayon (at elev. 4,000 feet). Province ofAlbay, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. June 5, 1907. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 94. Received from Edgar A.Mearns, in whose private collection it was No. 15272.Merula malindangensis MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 357, October 1907.=TUrdus poliocephalus malindangensis (Mearns). See Delacour, inDelacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 183, 184, 1946.202485. Adult male. Summit of Lebo Peak (elev. 5,750 feet), MountMalindang, Province of Misamis, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands.May 15, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Received fromEdgar A. Mearns, in whose private collection it was No. 14134.Merula kelleri MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 6, Jan. 20, 1905.=TUrdus poliocephalus kelleri (Mearns). See Delacour, in Delacourand Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 183, 184, 1946.192165. Adult male. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,000 feet). Province ofDavao, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. June 18, 1904. Col-lected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13524.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 437Planesticus olivaceus polius MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (10): 2, Aug. 11, 1913.=TUrdus olivaceus polius (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 126-127, 1937.217725. Adult male. Summit of Mount Lololokui, elev. 6,000 feet("twenty miles northwest of Archer's Post, near Uraguess," fideJackson, The Birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda ProtectorateIrxxxii, 1938), Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony. Sept. 8,1911. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number 317. Paul J.Rainey African Expedition (1911).Planesticus helleri MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (10) : 1, Aug. 11, 1913.=Turdus olivaceus helleri (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 126, 1937.217722. Adult female. Mount Mbololo, at elev. 4,000 feet ("in the TaitaHills, about midway between Kilimanjaro and the coast," fide Hollister,U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 99:22, 1918), Teita District, Kenya Colony,Nov. 9, 1911. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number 417.Paul J. Rainey African Expedition (1911).Turdus jouyi StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10:4, Apr. 25, 1887.=Turdus chrysolaus chrysolaus Temminck. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Hand-list of the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 68, 1942.88605. Subadult male. Mount Fuji (lat. 35?22' N., long. 138?44' E.),Honshu Island, Japan. July 2, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy.Original number 385.Turdus celaenops StejnegerScience 10: 108, Aug. 26, 1887.=Turdus celaenops celaenops Stejneger. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlistof the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 68, 1942.111665. Adult male. Miyake Island (lat. 34?05' N., long. 139?32' E.),Izu Islands, Japan. May 3, 1887. Collected by M. Namiye. Orig-inal number 14. Received from the Tokyo Educational Museum.Haplocichla swalesi WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 55, June 30, 1927.=Turdus swalesi (Wetmore). See Bond, Checklist of birds of the WestIndies,ed. 3, p. 117, 1950.264707. Adult male. Jardins Bois Pin (elev. 6,000 feet). Massif de laSelle (="ridge of Morne La Selle, near 'Morne La Visite,' " fide Bond,loc. cit.), Haiti, Hispaniola. Apr. 15, 1927. Collected by AlexanderWetmore. Original number 8009.T[urdus]. propinquus "Ridgw- (mss.)" RidgwayBull. Nuttall Orn. Club 2 (1) : 9, January 1877.=Turdus migratorius propinquus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 353, 1934.
438 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22138370. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Laramie Peak,Albany County, Wyoming. May 1864. Collected by Rudolph B. Hitz.Original number 12.38372. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Laramie Peak,Albany County, Wyoming. May 1864. Collected by Rudolph B. Hitz.38373. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). Laramie Peak,Albany County, Wyoming. May 1864. Collected by Rudolph B. Hitz.Original number 62. .38375. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). Laramie Peak,Albany County, Wyoming. May 1864. Collected by Rudolph B. Hitz.Ridgway had ten cotypes (with essentially the same data), Nos. 38366through 38375. No. 38366 seems to have vanished without trace. Nos.38367 and 38371 were sent in 1877 to the Mombusho Museum, Tokyo, andNos. 38368 and 38374 in the same year to the Zoological Museum, Lisbon.No. 38369 went, in November 1880, to George N. Lawrence, and is perhapsnow in the American Museum of Natural History.Nos. 38372 and 38373, marked by Ridgway as "Type 3 !" and "Type9 !," were at some time in Ridgway's private collection (with his Nos.1160 and 1161). Their oldest labels are Ridgway's own, with marks ofpresumed sex written upon them by him. Since each label carries the redtab that represented a type s])ecimen in his collection, it appears that thesetwo were favored above the other eight after they came into his possession.In fact, however, each of the original series was an equivalent cotype.Turclus confinis BairdReview of American birds 1 : 29, June 1864.=Turdus migratorius confinis Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 354, 1934.23789. Adult (sex not indicated). "Todos Santos," State of Baja Cali-fornia, Mexico. "Sum[mer]. of 1860" (entered into the museumregister on January 18, 1862). Collected by (or for) John Xantus.No. 23789 was entered into the museum register as one of a large collectionof birds, mainly from Mazatlan, but partly from localities in Baja California.All data on the oldest labels were written by Baird, who was sometimes indoubt as to whether a given specimen came from Mazatlan or Baja Cali-fornia. On the label of No. 23789 he wrote: "Mazatlan?" The word waslater struck out by Xantus himself, who then wrote: "Todos Santos, L. Cala."We know that Xantus visited Washington during the spring months of1864 (see Hume, Ornithologists of the United States Army Medical Corps,pp. 524-525, 1942), at the very time Baird was preparing his manuscriptof the "Review of American Birds" for publication, and it seems probablethat Baird discussed the new form with Xantus and asked for informationas to its true provenience. Since the bird was never listed in Xantus's fieldregisters, his statement of type locality must have been derived from memoryafter the passing of several years, and could easily have been erroneous.Grinnell (A Distributional summation of the ornithology of Lower Cali-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 439fomia, p. 233, 1928) has pointed out that the form has never subsequentlybeen reported from Todos Santos.A penciled "I H R," possibly in Xantus's hand, on the reverse side ofthe oldest label, cannot now be interpreted.Merula flavirostris graysoiii RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 12, June 14, 1882.=TUrdus rujo-palliatus graysoni (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7:356, 1934.37322. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit,Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Originalnumber 25.37323. Adult female. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit,Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Originalnumber 26.Merula tamaulipensis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 75, January 1897.=Turdus grayi tamaulipensis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7 : 377, 1934.142510. Adult female. Ciudad Victoria, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.Mar. 27, 1891. Collected by William Lloyd. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildhfe Service.Turdus Caribboeus [sic] LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 160, July 1878.=Turdus nudigenis nudigenis Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 379,380, 1934.74121. Adult male. Grenada Island, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea.March 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 504.In Lawrence's separates, the ligature of the specific name has been cor-rected in ink to "ae."Turdus nigrirostris LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5) : 146 [147, in reprint], June 1878.Turdus fumigatus bondi DeignanAuk 68 (3) : 379, Aug. 8, 1951.=Turdus fumigatus bondi Deignan. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7:383, 1934; Deignan, Auk 68:379, 1951.74057. Immature female. Rutland Vale, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Jan. 25, 1878. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 445.Turdus fumigatus bondi Deignan is a new name, based upon the sametype specimen, for Turdus nigrirostris Lawrence, preoccupied by Turdusnigrirostris Karelin, 1875.Merula plebeia differens NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 175, Sept. 25, 1901.=TUrdus ignobilis differens (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7:391, 1934.500936?61 29
440 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221142532. Adult male. Pinabete, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Feb. 8, 1896.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 3443. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Turdus leucomelas cautor WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 10, Dec. 30, 1946.369663. Adult male. "At 1,000 feet elevation in the Serrania de Macuire,above Nazaret," Commissary of La Guajira, Colombia. May 5, 1941.Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Orig-inal number 11791.Turdus reevei LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(7): 234, June 1869.54102. Adult (sex not indicated). Puna Island (in the Gulf of Guaya-quil), Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Entered into the museum registeron Feb. 15, 1869. Collected by J. F. Reeve.Genus ZOOTHERA VigorsOreocincia horsfieldi affinis RichmondProc.Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 158, June 25, 1902.
=Zoothera dauma affinis (Richmond), fide Deignan (ms.).169982. Adult male. Khao Nok Ra (lat. 7?25' N., long. 99?55' E.) , atelev. 3,000 feet. Province of Trang or Phatthalung, peninsular Thailand.Jan. 13, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Geocichla niiudanensis MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 359, October 1907.=Zoothera andromedae (Temminck). See Delacour, in Delacour andMayr, Zoologica, New York 30: 112, 1945.202484. Adult female. "Slope of Grand Malindang Peak" (at elev. 6,500feet) , Mount Malindang, Province of Misamis, Mindanao Island, Philip-pine Islands. June 4, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Receivedfrom Edgar A. Mearns (in whose private collection it was No. 14264).Genus GEOKICHLA S. MuUerGeocichla cinerea Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 23, Dec. 8, 1894.=Geokichla cinerea Bourns and Worcester. See Delacour, in Delacourand Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 185, 1946.348001. Adult (sex not indicated). Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands.April 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences (where it was No. 3928of the Menage Collection)
.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 441Geokichia citrina gibson-hilli DeignanZoologica, New York, 35 (2) : 127, Aug. 1, 1950.178809. Adult male. Sungei Balik (about, lat. 10?31' N., long. 98?33'E.), Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Nov. 29, 1900.Collected by William L. Abbott.Geociclila gurneyi raineyi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 61 (10) : 4, Aug. 11, 1913.
=Geokichla gurneyi raineyi Mearns. See Friedmann, in Friedmann andLoveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 81: 243, 1937.217721. Adult male. Summit of Mount Mbololo, elev. 4,400 feet ("in theTaita Hills, about midway between Kilimanjaro and the coast," fideHoUister, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 99:22, 1918), Teita District, KenyaColony. Nov. 9, 1911. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original num-ber 419. Paul J. Rainey African Expedition (1911)
.
Geocichla piaggiae keniensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (10) : 3, Aug. 11, 1913.
=Geokichla piaggiae kilimensis Neumann. See Jackson, Birds of KenyaColony and the Uganda Protectorate 2 : 955, 1938.215455. Adult male. Western slope of Mount Kenya (at elev. 10,000feet). North Nyeri or South Nyeri District, Kenya Colony. Sept. 27,1909. Collected by J. Alden Loring. Original number 411. Smith-sonian African Expedition.Genus CATAPONERA HartertCataponera abditiva RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31 : 158, Dec. 30, 1918.
=Cataponera turdoides abditiva Riley. See Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn.88:93-94,1940.251966. Adult female. Rano Rano (a village at about lat. 1?30' S.,long. 120?19' E.), central Celebes. Dec. 21, 1917. Collected by HarryC. Raven. Original number 4815.Genus MYOPHONUS TemminckMyophoinis caeruleus rileyi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51 : 25, Feb. 18, 1938.=Myophonus caeruleus temminckii Vigors. See Deignan, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 186: 404, 1945.311561. Adult female. Doi Ang Ka=Doi Inthanon (lat. 18?35' N., long.98?30' E.), at elev. 7,000 feet, Province of Chiang Mai, northwesternThailand. Dec. 6, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Originalnumber 2698.
442 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Myophonus temminckii changensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41 : 207, Dec. 18, 1928.=Myophonus caeruleus crassirostris Robinson. See Delacour, Auk59:256, 1942.307159. Adult male. Ko Chang (lat. 12?00' N., long. 102?30' E.), offthe Province of Trat, southeastern Thailand. Jan. 6, 1926. Collectedby Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 475.Family ZELEDONIIDAE: Wren-thrushesGenus ZELEDONIA RidgwayZcledonia coronate RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 11:538, Sept. 20, 1889.116591. Adult female. Crater lake of the Volcan de Poas, Province ofAlajuela, Costa Rica. Nov. 23, 1888. Collected by Anastasio Alfaro.Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No.2261.Zeledonia insperata "Cherrie" RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 4: 72 (footnote a), July 1, 1907.
=Zeledonia coronata Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 7:484, 1934.126911. Adult female. Volcan de Irazu, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. June 28, 1892. Collected by George K. Cherrie. Receivedfrom the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, where it was No. 7801.Family SYLVIIDAE: Old-World Warblers
? ' '' ' -^ Genus GERYGONE GouldGerygone inodiglianii muscicapa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 11, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Ger'ygone fusca muscicapa Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:395, 1944.180768. Adult male? (not male). Pulau Dua (an islet off EngganoIsland), Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Nov.2, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.Gerygone rhizophorae MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18:7, Jan. 20, 1905.
=^Gerygone fusca sulphurea Wallace. See Meise, Nov. Zool. 36: 371,1931.190097. Adult male. Zamboanga, Zamboanga Province, MindanaoIsland, Philippine Islands. Oct. 14, 1903. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 13059.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 443Genus BRADYPTERUS SwainsonBradypterus babacculus fraterculus MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 3, Nov. 29, 1913.
=Bradypterus alfredi fraterculus Meams. See Friedmann, U. S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 170, 1937.244935. Adult male. Escarpment (a station on the Uganda Railway,between Nairobi and Naivasha), elev. 7,390 feet, Kiambu District,Kenya Colony. Sept. 10, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 24190. Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Tribura idonea RileyProc. Biol. Soc Washington 53: 48, Apr. 19, 1940.
=Bradypterus luteoventris idoneus (Riley). See Delacour, Ibis 85:35,1943.359220. Adult male. Dalat ("Forests of Cam-ly"), Province of Haut-Dona'i, southern Annam. June 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock.Original number 18.Pseudotharrhaleus nialindangeusis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 441, May 22, 1909.
=Bradypterus caudatus malindangensis (Mearns) . See Delacour, Ibis85:37, 1943.210853. Adult male. Summit of Mount Malindang ("altitude slightlyabove 9,000 feet"), Misamis Province, Mindanao Island, PhilippineIslands. June 6, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original num-ber 14277.Pseudotharrhaleus griseipectus MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 2, Jan. 20, 1905.
=Bradypterus caudatus unicolor (Hartert) . See Delacour, Ibis 85 : 36-37,1943.192259. Adult female. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,200 feet) , Davao Province,Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 8, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Meams. Original number 13660.Genus OLIGURA HodgsonOligura castaneo-coronata ripleyi DeignanPostilla, Yale Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 7: 3, May 10, 1951.296605. Adult male. Likiang Mountains, Yunnan Province, China. June1923. Collected by Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 584.Genus CETTIA BonaparteAntiornis grahami RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 39: 55, July 30, 1926.
^.ettia jortipes davidiana (Verreaux), fide Deignan (MS.).
444 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221303857. Immature male. Mount Omei (at elev. 3,500 feet), Provinceof Szechwan, China. Aug. 25, 1924. Collected by David C. Graham.Original number 527.Genus MEGALURUS HorsfieldMegalurus timoriensis mindorensis SalomonsenVidensk. Medd. fra Dansk Naturh. Foren. 115: 265, Nov. 28, 1953.202124. Adult female. "Camp No. 7, Summit of Halcon Ridge," MountHalcon (at elev. 8,000 feet), Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands. Nov.22, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 14500.Megalurus celebensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 94, May 20, 1919.
=Megalurus timoriensis celebensis Riley. See Stresemann, Journ. fiirOrn. 88: 100, 1940.252087. Adult male. Doda (lat. 1?45' S., long. 120?14' E.) , Besoa Dis-trict, Celebes. October 23, 1917. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Orig-inal number 4551. Genus APALIS SwainsonApalis thescela OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 904, July 8, 1905.
=Apalis griseiceps thescela Oberholser. See Friedmann, in Friedmannand Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 81 : 265, 1937.118074. Adult male. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 6,000 feet) , TanganyikaTerritory. Aug. 4, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus EMINIA IlartlaubEminia lepidus [sic] hypochlorus [sic^ MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 10, Apr. 17, 1911.=Eminia lepida hypochlora Mearns. See Friedmann, in Friedmannand Loveridge, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 81 : 266, 1937.215355. Adult male. Wambugu (elev. 5,500 feet), South Nyeri District,Kenya Colony. Oct. 24, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Orig-inal number 17301. Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus SYLVIETTA LafresnayeSylvietta brachyura tavetensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 5, Nov. 29, 1913.
=Sylvietta brachyura leucopsis Reichenow. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 180, 1937.118155. Adult female. Plains of Taveta, Teita District, Kenya Colony.Aug. 13, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 445Sylvielta whytii abayensis MeamsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 4, Nov. 29, 1913.245199. Adult male. Gato River (at elev. 4,000 feet), near Gardulla,southern Ethiopia. Apr. 6, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 21057, Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Sylvietla whytii loringi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 11, Apr. 17, 1911.215360. Adult male. Fort Hall (elev. 3,900 feet). Fort Hall District,Kenya Colony. Oct. 28, 1909. Collected by J. Alden Loring. Orig-inal number 531. Smithsonian African Expedition.Sylvietta rufescens ochrocara OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 [Quarterly Issue 2(3)] : 373, Mar. 2, 1905.
^=SylvieUa rufescens rufescens (Vieillot). See Roberts, Birds of SouthAfrica, pp. 258, 259, 1940.98155. Adult (sex not indicated). Damaraland, Territory of South-West Africa. Registered at the British Museum (Natural History) onDec. 24, 1866. Collected by Charles J. Anderson. Received from theBritish Museum (Natural History), where it was No. 66.12.24.14.Sylvietta leucophrys keniensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 5, Nov. 29, 1913.215605. Adult male. Mount Kenya (at elev. 8,500 feet), Kenya Colony.Oct. 13, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Meams. Original number17130. Smithsonian African Expedition.
Genus CISTICOLA KaupCisticola subruficapilla fricki MeamsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (11): 3, Aug. 30, 1913.
=Cisticola chiniana bodessa Mearns. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6 (suppl.No.) : 633, 1930.217992. Adult male in winter plumage. "On the east shore of WhiteLake Abaya"=eastem shore of the Southern Abaya Lake (elev. 3,600feet), southern Ethiopia. Mar. 20, 1912. Collected by Childs Frick.Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Cisticola subruficapilla bodessa MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (11) : 2, Aug. 30, 1913.
=Cisticola chiniana bodessa Mearns. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6 (suppl.No.) : 620, 1930.245778. Adult male in summer plumage. Bodessa (lat. 5?08' N., long.37?44' E.), southern Ethiopia. May 27, 1912. Collected by EdgarA. Mearns. Original number 21896. Childs Frick African Expedi-tion (1911-1912).
446 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Cisticola subruficapilla borea MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (25) : 3, Nov. 23, 1911.
=Cisticola chiniana simplex (von Heuglin). See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.): 621, 1930.217127. Adult male in winter plumage. "Rhino Camp" (on the leftbank of the Bahr-el-Jebel at lat. 2?55' N.), about 15 miles north ofWadelai, West Nile District, Northern Province, Uganda Protectorate.Jan. 30, 1910. Collected by Edgar A. Meams. Original number18244. Smithsonian African Expedition.Cisticola subruficapilla aequatorialis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (25) : 2, Nov. 23, 1911.
=Cisticola chiniana humilis von Madarasz. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 616, 1930.214431. Adult male in molt. Lake Naivasha (elev. 6,350 feet), Naiva-sha District, Kenya Colony. July 22, 1909. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 16355. Smithsonian African Expedition.Cisticola prinioides wambugensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (20) : 1, Feb. 14, 1913.
=Cisticola hunteri prinioides Neumann. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 672, 1930.215390. Adult male in perennial dress. Wambugu (elev. 5,500 feet),
,, South Nyeri District, Kenya Colony. Oct. 24, 1909. Collected by
V Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 17303. Smithsonian AfricanExpedition.Cisticola prinioides kilimensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (25) : 1, Nov. 23, 1911.
=Cisticola hunteri prinioides Neumann. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 641, 1930.118025. Immature (not adult) male. Maranu (elev. 5,000 feet). MountKilimanjaro, Tanganyika Territory. Apr. 3, 1888. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Cisticola robusta abaya MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (11): 1, Aug. 30, 1913.
=Cisticola natalensis inexpectata Neumann. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 615, 1930.245693. Adult male in winter dress. "Southeast shore of Lake Abaya"=southeastern shore of the Southern Abaya Lake (elev. 3,600 feet),southern Ethiopia. Mar. 21, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 20797. Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912). ... ;,:Cisticola natalensis nilotica MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (11) : 4, Aug. 30, 1913.
=Cisticola natalensis valida (von Heuglin). See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 652, 1930.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 447217132. Adult female in molt. "Rhino Camp" (on the left bank of theBahr-el-Jebel at lat. 2?55' N.), about 15 miles north of Wadelai, WestNile District, Northern Province, Uganda Protectorate. Jan. 20, 1910.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 18132. SmithsonianAfrican Expedition.Cisticola robusta tana MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (11) : 2, Aug. 30, 1913.
=Cisticola natalensis kapitensis Mearns. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 667, 1930.245695. Adult male in winter plumage. "Camp No. 5 (Childs FrickExpedition), Tana River" (a site on the left bank of the Upper Tanasomewhere between lat. 0?12' S., long. 38?00' E. and the mouth of theThika River), Kenya Colony. Aug. 19, 1912. Collected by EdgarA. Mearns. Original number 23756. Childs Frick African Expedi-tion (1911-1912).Cisticola strangei kapitensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (25) : 4, Nov. 23, 1911.
=Cisticola natalensis kapitensis Mearns. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 640, 1930.213547. Adult male in summer plumage. Potha (elev. 4,250 feet),Kapiti Plains, Masai Reserve or Machakos District, Kenya Colony.Apr. 29, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number15644. Smithsonian African Expedition.Cisticola hypoxantha reichenowi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (25) : 6, Nov. 23, 1911.
=Cisticola hrachyptera reichenowi Mearns. See Lynes, Ibis (12) 6(suppl. No.) : 657, 1930.215430. Immature (not adult) male. Changamwe, Kilifi District,Kenya Colony. Nov. 30, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 17702. Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus PRINIA HorsfieldFranklinia rufescens dalatensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 : 79, June 28, 1940.
=Prinia rufescens dalatensis (Riley). See Deignan, Smithsonian Misc.Coll. 103 (3) : 4, 1942.359217. Adult male. Fimnon (elev. 3,000 feet). Province of Phanrang,southern Annam. August 1939 (not 1935). Collected by JosephF. C. Rock. Original number 659.Prinia rufescens objurgans DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 103 (3) : 3, Sept. 1, 1942.334623. Adult male. Ban Si Racha (lat. 13?10' N., long. 100?55' E.),Province of Rayong, southeastern Thailand. Apr. 19, 1934. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 7064.
448 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Prinia rufescens peninsularis DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 103 (3) : 3, Sept. 1, 1942.160572. Adult female. Province of Trang, peninsular Thailand. Jan.20, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Prinia rufescens extrenia DeignanSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 103 (3) : 3, Sept. 1, 1942.308245. Adult male. Bang Nara=Narathiwat (lat. 6?25' N., long.101?50' E.) , Province of Pattani, peninsular Thailand. July 13, 1926.Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 1148.Prinia hodgsonii erro DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 103 (3) ; 6, Sept. 1, 1942.350283. Adult female. Muang Chiang Mai (lat. 18?45' N., long. 99?00'E.), elev. 1,000 feet. Province of Chiang Mai, northwestern Thailand.Jan. 24, 1936. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number872.Prinia flaviventris delacouri DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 103 (3) : 9, Sept. 1, 1942.371477. Adult male. Muang Chiang Mai (lat. 18?45' N., long. 99?00'E.), elev. 1,000 feet. Province of Chiang Mai, northwestern Thailand.Jan. 30, 1932. Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number496. Received from the Princeton Museum of Zoology, where it wasNo. 10301.Burnesia dysancrita halistona OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 14, Oct. 26, 1912.=Prinia flaviventris halistona (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mas.Comp. Zool. 94: 395-396, 1944.180950. Adult male (not female). Taliwaa, Nias Island, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 22, 1905. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Prinia polychroa roeki DeignanBull. Brit. Orn. Club 77 (2) : 24, Feb. 1, 1957.361149. Adult male (in fresh winter plumage). Fimnom (lat. 11?47'N., long. 108?24' E.), southern Annam. November 1939. Collectedby Joseph F. C. Rock. Original number 1046.Burnesia dysancrita OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 14, Oct. 26, 1912.=Prinia atrogularis albogularis (Hume) . See Deignan, SmithsonianMisc. Coll. 103 (3) : 12, 1942.179306. Adult male. "Loh Sidoh Bay"=Sidoh Bay (lat. 5?2r N.,long. 95?15' E.), northwestern Sumatra. Nov. 7, 1901. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 449Genus LOCUSTELLA KaupAcrocephalus dybowskii "Stejneger, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 92, Aug. 2, 1883.
=Locustella ochotensis ochotensis (Middendorff). See Wetmore,Condor 53:206, 1951.89151. Adult male. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District,Far-Eastern Region, Russian SFSR. July 5, 1882. Collected byLeonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 1251.Genus ACROCEPHALUS NaumannConopoderas kingi WetmoreCondor 26 (5) : 177, Sept. 15, 1924.
=Acrocephalus kingi (Wetmore). See Munro, Birds of Hawaii, p. 80,1944.287888. Adult male. Nihoa Island, Hawaiian Islands, Oceania. June11, 1923. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number 7318.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Conopoderas alypha nesiarcha Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 210,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus atypha atypha (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews,Amer. Mus. Nov. 350:6,7-8, 1929; Tristram, Ibis (5)1:40-41,1883.212511. Immature? male. Rangiroa (Rahiroa) Island (lat. 15?10' S.,long. 147?30' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Sept. 21, 1899. Col-lected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission.Conopoderas atypha agassizi Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 210,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus atypha atypha (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews,Amer. Mus. Nov. 350:6,7, 1929; Tristram, Ibis (5) 1:40-41, 1883.212491. Adult male. Apataki Island (lat. 15?30' S., long. 146?20' W.),Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Oct. 7, 1899. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Conopoderas alypha Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 206,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus atypha atypha (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews,Amer. Mus. Nov. 350:6,7, 1929; Tristram, Ibis (5) 1:40^1, 1883.
450 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221212493. Adult male. Fakarava (Fakarawa) Island (lat. 16?10' S., long.145?35' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Oct. 11, 1899. Collectedby Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Conopoderas atypha crypta Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 209,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus atypha atypha (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews,Amer. Mus. Nov. 350:6, 9-10, 1929; Tristram, Ibis (5) 1:40-41,1883.212507. Adult male. Makemo Island (lat. 16?35' S., long. 143?40' W.),Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Oct. 20, 1899. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Conopoderas atypha erema Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 211,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus atypha erema (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews
, Amer. Mus. Nov. 350: 15-16, 1929; Tristram, Ibis (5) 1: 40-41, 1883212505. Adult male. Makatea (Metia, Aurora) Island (lat. 15?50' S.long. 148?12' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Oct. 6, 1899. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Conopoderas atypha rava Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 208,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus atypha rava (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews,Amer. Mus. Nov. 350: 14-15, 1929; Tristram, Ibis (5) 1: 40-41, 1883.212516. Adult male. Pinaki (Nganati, Whitsunday) Island (lat. 19?20'S., long. 138?45' W.), Tuamotu Islands, Oceania. Oct. 31, 1899.Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Conopoderas percernis Wetmorein C. H. Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 213,August 1919.
=Acrocephalus caffra percernis (Wetmore). See Murphy and Mathews,Amer. Mus. Nov. 337: 11-12, 1928; Tristram, Ibis (5) 1: 40-41, 1883.212479. Adult male. Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Islands, Oceania.Sept. 15, 1899. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.Genus PHYLLOSCOPUS BoiePhylloscopus siibafSnis arcanus RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 105, May 25, 1950.408868. Adult female. Tikapur, Kailali District, western Nepal. Jan.7, 1949. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 459. Na-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 451
tional Geographic Society - Yale University - Smithsonian InstitutionExpedition to Nepal.Phylloscopus niaculipennis centralis RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 106, May 25, 1950.408864. Adult female? (not female). Rekcha, Dailekh District, westernNepal. Dec. 28, 1948. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original num-ber 345. National Geographic Society - Yale University - SmithsonianInstitution Expedition to Nepal.Pliyllopneusle Kennicotti BairdTrans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1 (2) : 313, pi. xxx, fig. 2 (not earlier thanOct. 22), 1869.
=Phylloscopus borealis kennicotti (Baird). See Ticehurst, A system-atic review of the genus Phylloscopus, p. 131, 1938.45909. Adult (sex not indicated). Saint Michael (on the southern shoreof Norton Sound), western Alaska. Aug. 16, 1866. Collected byCharles Pease. Original number 178. Western Union Company'sOverland International Telegraph Expedition.Acanthopneuste ijimae StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 372, Sept. 19, 1892.
=Phylloscopus coronatus ijimae (Stejneger). See Ticehurst, A system-atic review of the genus Phylloscopus, p. 162, 1938.111663. Adult male. Idzumura, Miyake Island (lat. 34?05' N., long.139?32' E.), Izu Islands, Japan. May 3, 1887. Collected by M.Namiye. Original number 8a. Received from the Tokyo EducationalMuseum.Cryptolopha flavigularis Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 23, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Phylloscopus olivaceus flavigularis (Bourns and Worcester), fideDeignan (ms.).316167. Adult male. Toledo, Cebu Island, Philippine Islands. June 14,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3560 ofthe Menage Collection.Phylloscopus davisoni intensior DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 209, Dec. 31, 1956.324638. Adult male. Khao Kuap (lat. 12?25' N., long. 102?50' E.),Trat Province, Thailand. Dec. 26, 1929. Collected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 3571.Acanthopneuste klossi RileyAuk 39 (4) : 560, Oct. 3, 1922.^Phylloscopus davisoni klossi (Riley). See Ticehurst, A systematicreview of the genus Phylloscopus, p. 181, 1938.
452 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221278561. Adult male. Lang Bian Peaks (at elev. 6,000-7,500 feet), Haut-Donai Province, southern Annam. Apr. 17, 1918. Collected by CecilBoden Kloss.Cryptolopha malindangensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 440, May 22, 1909.
=Phylloscopus trivirgatus malindangensis (Mearns). See Mayr, inDelacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 199, 1946.202360. Adult male. Summit of Mount Malindang ("altitude slightlyabove 9,000 feet"), Misamis Province, Mindanao Island, PhilippineIslands. June 6, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnimaber 14275.Cryptolopha nesophila RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 159, Dec. 30, 1918.
=Phylloscopus trivirgatus nesophilus (Riley). See Stresemann, Journ.fur Om. 88: 106, 107, 1940.251146. Adult male. Gunong Lehio (lat. 1?33' S., long. 119?53' E.),north-central Celebes. Jan. 19, 1917. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 3424.Genus SEICERCUS SwainsonSeicercus xanthoscliistos puUa RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 106, June 16, 1948.
=Seicercus xanthoschista pullus Ripley, fide Deignan (MS.)
.
390565. Adult female. Dening (elev. 2,150 feet), Mishmi Hills, SadiyaFrontier Tract, Assam State, India. Dec. 30, 1946. Collected byS. Dillon Ripley. Original number 191. Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedition.Seicercus castaniceps collinsi DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 56: 29, Feb. 25, 1943.330867. Adult male. Doi Langka=Khao Pha Cho (lat. 19?00' N., long.99?25' E.), northern Thailand. Apr. 22, 1931. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 4643.Genus ABROSCOPUS Stuart BakerAbroscopus supercUiaris drasticus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 20, Apr. 3, 1947.265060. Adult female. Margherita, Lakhimpur District, Assam State,India. Nov. 26, 1903. Collected by Henry N. Coltart. Originalnumber 4407.Abroscopus albogularis hugonis DeignanAuk 55 (3) : 510, July 12, 1938.330869. Adult male. Pang Mae Ton (lat. 18?55' N., long. 99?15' E.),northern Thailand. May 2, 1931. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith.Original number 4752.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 453Genus ORTHOTOMUS HorsfieldPhyllergales heterolaemus MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 86, Feb. 21, 1905.
=Orthotomus cucullatus heterolaemus (Meams) . See Mayr, in Delacourand Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 200, 201, 1946.192258. Adult (sex not indicated). Mount Apo (at elev. 6,700 feet).Province of Davao, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. June 21,1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns, Original number 13550.Orthotomus atrogularis eumelas OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 6, July 16, 1923.=Orthotomus atrogularis atrogularis Temminck, fide Deignan (MS.).180597. Adult male. Tanjong Bedawu (not "Bedaan"), lat. 2?36' S.,long. 105?53' E., Bangka Island, South China Sea off Sumatra. June9 (not 3), 1904. CoUected by William L. Abbott.Orthotomus sutorius luteus RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 105, June 16, 1948.390559. Adult male. Tezu (elev. 648 feet), Mishmi Hills, SadiyaFrontier Tract, Assam State, India. Jan. 10, 1947. Collected byS. Dillon Ripley. Original number 356. Smithsonian Institution-YaleUniversity Expedition.Orthotomus sericeus hesperius OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 89, 1932.170785. Adult male. Pulau Lingga (lat. 0?08' S., long. 104?32' E.),Lingga Archipelago, South China Sea off Sumatra. July 19, 1899.Collected by William L. Abbott.Orthotomus sericeus eupolius OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 89, 1932.
=Orthotomus sericeus nuntius Bangs, fide Deignan (ms.).200605. Adult male. Sibutu Island, Sulu Group, Philippine Islands.Jan. 7, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns, Original number13861.Orthotomus cinereiceps obscurior MayrJoum. Washington Acad. Sci. 37 (4) : 140, Apr. 12, 1947.210841. Aduh male. Catagan (elev. 1,100 feet), at the foot of MountMalindang, Province of Misamis, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands.May 19, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number14162.Orthotomus cineraceus baeus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 13, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Orthotomus sepium ruficeps (Lesson). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 394, 1944.179957. Adult male. Siaba Bay, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 19, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.
454 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ortholomus cineraceus ochronimatus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 13, Oct. 26, 1912.=Orthotomus sepium ruficeps (Lesson) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 394, 1944.179958. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Nov. 23, 1902. Collected by William L.Abbott.Orthotomus sepium concinnus RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 96, June 30, 1927.279856. Adult male. Sipora Island, Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Oct. 15, 1924. Collected by CecilBoden Kloss.Orthotomus cineraceus cagayanensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 147, Oct. 31, 1935.
=Orthotomus sepium cagayanensis Riley. See Mayr, in Delacour andMayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 276, 1946.210844. Adult male. Cagayan Sulu Island (in the Sulu Sea northwestof the Sulu Group), Sulu Province, Philippine Islands. Oct. 15, 1906.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 14432.Genus MACROSPHENUS CassinMacrosphenus collinsi RileyAuk 41 (2) : 326, Apr. 11, 1924.=Macrosphenus flavicans flavicans Cassin. See Sclater, Systema aviumaethiopicarum 2: 365 (footnote 3), 1930.255620. Subadult (not adult) female. Aguma (on the N'Komi River atabout lat. 1?32' S., long. 10?08' E.), Gabon, French Equatorial Africa.Nov. 29, 1918. Collected by Charles R. Aschemeier. Original num-ber 900. Collins-Gamer Congo Expedition.Genus POLIOPTILA P. L. SclaterP[oIioplila]. caerulea caesiogaster RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 569, September 1887.
=Polioptila caerulea caerulea (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 485, 1934.108461. Adult female. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Mar. 26,1886. Collected by Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.108462. Adult female. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Apr. 6,1886. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.108463. Adult female. Mar. 27, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 455108464. Adult male. Mar. 27, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.108465. Adult male. Mar. 25, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.108466. Adult male. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Apr. 6,1886. Collected by Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.108467. Adult male. Mar. 25, 1886. Other data same as for No.108466.108468. Adult female. Mar. 25, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.108469. Aduh male. Mar. 26, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.108470. Adult male. Mar. 26, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.108471. Adult male. Mar. 26, 1886. Other data same as for No.108462.108653. Adult female. New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. Apr.15, 1886. Collected by James E. Benedict. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.108654. Adult male. New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. Mar.19, 1886. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from theU.S. Fish Commission.108655. Adult male. Mar. 19, 1886. Other data same as for No.108654.108656. Adult male. Apr. 17, 1886. Other data same as for No.108653.108657. Adult male. New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. Mar.19, 1886. Collected by Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.108694. Adult male. Mar. 19, 1886. Other data same as for No.108654.Ridgway, at the original description of this form, stated that 17 specimens,from Abaco and New Providence Islands, had been examined, but desig-nated no one of them as the type. Subsequently (possibly in 1904 duringpreparation of the third part of The Birds of North and Middle America),he made No. 108655 the lectotype. I consider this action a mere restrictionof type locality and here list all of the original series as equivalent cotypes.P[olioptila]. caerulea obscura Ridgwayin Belding, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 535 (footnote), Apr. 3, 1883.
=Polioptila caerulea obscura Ridgway. See Grinnell, Proc. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. (4) 15:493-494,495, 1926.87530. Adult male. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico.Apr. 17, 1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.500936?61 30
456 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221This race was based upon a series of six specimens, each of which wastreated by Ridgway as a cotype. Grinnell {loc. cit.) has shown, however,that Ridgway's material embraced two forms, and by restricting Ridgway'sname to the population of Cape San Lucas, has left No. 87530 as the onlypossible type of P. c. obscura.Polioptila nelsoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 109, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Polioptila caerulea nelsoni Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7:488, 1934.142695. Adult male. Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. June 21, 1894.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2126. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Polioptila albiloris vanrossemi BrodkorbJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 34 (9) : 312, Sept. 12, 1944.54114 (not 54441). Adult male. Quiotepec, District of Cuicatlan, Stateof Oaxaca, Mexico. Aug. 8, 1868. Collected by A. L. FransoisSumichrast. Original number 12.Polioptila bairdi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 110, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Polioptila albiloris bairdi Ridgway. See Brodkorb, Journ. WashingtonAcad. Sci. 34:315, 1944.89693. Adult male. San Juan del Sur, Department of Rivas, Nicaragua.Jan. 6, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Original number 364.Polioptila supercOiaris magna RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 110, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Polioptila plumbea bilineata (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 501,503, 1934.189563. Adult female. Cartago, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica.April 1886. Collected by Juan J, Cooper. Original number 17. Re-ceived from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.Polioptila plumbea cinericia WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 80, July 8, 1957.461129. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Feb. 1, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20558.Polioptila nigriceps BairdReview of American birds 1:67 (in key), 69, July 1864.=Polioptila nigriceps nigriceps Baird. See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 7: 506, 1934.23781. Adult male. "Mazatlan river," State of Sinaloa, Mexico. July1861. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 294.Culicivora plumbea BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (3) : 118 (not earlier than June27), 1854.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 457
=Polioptila melanura lucida Van Rossem. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 7: 508, 1934.7189. Adult (sex not indicated). "Camp 119, Bill Williams's Fork"=apoint on the Williams River near the western boundary of YavapaiCounty, Mohave or Yuma County, Arizona. Feb. 11, 1854. Collectedby Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 35thParallel.Polioptila margaritae RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 3: 733 (footnote a), Dec. 31,1904.
=Polioptila melanura margaritae Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 7: 509, 1934.149938. Immature (not adult) female? Santa Margarita Island (off thewestern coast at lat. 24?25' N.), State of Baja California, Mexico.May 2, 1888. Collector unknown. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.149939. Immature male. Santa Margarita Island, State of Baja Cali-fornia, Mexico. May 2, 1888. Collector unknown. Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.Family REGULIDAE: KingletsGenus REGULUS Cuvier[Regulus salrapa] variety olivaceus BairdReview of American birds 1 : 65, July 1864.=Regulus salrapa olivaceus Baird. See A.O.U., Checklist of NorthAmerican birds, ed. 4, p. 266, 1931.7176. Immature (sex not indicated). Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County,Washington. Entered into the museum register in October 1857. Col-lected by George Suckley. Original number 130, Pacific RailroadSurvey, Line of the 47th Parallel.Baird based his new form upon three "western specimens": No. 11801, afemale, from Simiahmoo; No. 7176, listed above; No. 16151, a male, fromFort Crook, California. Richmond, long ago, decided that No. 16151should be the lectotype, but as early as July 5, 1908 (according to his MS.note) was unable to locate the specimen. No. 11801 has similarly vanishedwithout trace from the collection. In the circumstances. No. 7176, thesole remaining cotype, has acquired an importance it would otherwise havelacked.Regulus calendula grinnelli W. PalmerAuk 14 (4) : 399, October 1897.160931. Adult male. Sitka, Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska. June23, 1896. Collected by Joseph Grinnell. Original number 1161. Re-ceived from Joseph Grinnell.
458 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Regulus calendula obscurus RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2 (2) : 184, 1876.70036. Adult male. Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N., long. 118?15' W.)
,
eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico. Apr. 1,1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 36.70037. Adult male. Original number 36. Other data same as for No.70036.80430 (=70038). Original number 36. Other data same as for No.70036.70039. Adult male. Original number 36. Other data same as for No.70036.70040. Adult female. Original number 37. Other data same as for No.70036.No. 70038 became part of the private collection of Robert Ridgway, atwhich time its original label was removed, and the data were copied onlyin part onto Ridgway's own label. When the specimen was returned tothe museum in 1880, it was entered into the register as though part of anentirely new accession, with the new number 80430.No. 70039 suffered the misfortune of spending many years as part ofthe exhibition collection ; its coronal patch has become white, and the generalcoloration of the upper parts has faded to a brownish gray.Family MUSCICAPIDAE: Old-World FlycatchersGenus RHIPIDURA Vigors and HorsfieldMuscipeta cyaniceps CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (12) : 438 (not earlier than Dec.25, 1855), 1855 or 1856.=Rhipidura cyaniceps cyaniceps (Cassin). See Hachisuka, Birds of thePhilippine Islands 2 (4) : 317, 1935.15753. Adult (sex not indicated). "Philippine Islands"=neighborhoodof Manila, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. Jan. 13-21, 1842. Orig-inal number unknown. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Rhipidura sauli Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1(1) : 26, Dec. 8, 1894.=Rhipidura cyaniceps sauli Bourns and Worcester. See Hachisuka,Birds of the Philippine Islands 2 (4) : 318, 1935.316160. Adult male. Badajoz, Tablas Island, Philippine Islands. Sept.21, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1878 ofthe Menage Collection.316161. Adult female. Badajoz, Tablas Island, Philippine Islands. Sept.28, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 459Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1890of the Menage Collection.Bourns and Worcester had a series of twelve males and three females,all of which are now in Washington. The two here listed are the ones onwhose labels the describers themselves wrote the word "type."Rhipidura hutchinsoni MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 357, October 1907.=Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea hutchinsoni Mearns. See Hachisuka,Birds of the Philippine Islands 2 (4) : 320, 1935.202520. Adult male. Mount Bliss (at elev. 5,750 feet), Mount Malin-dang, Province of Misamis, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July9, 1906. Collected by Robert A. Schroder. Original number 52, Re-ceived from Robert A. Schroder.Rhipidura albicollis celsa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 166, May 29, 1929.311586. Adult female. "Khun Tan mountains"=Doi Khun Tan (lat.18?30' N., long. 99?20' E.), at elev. 4,000 feet. Province of Lamphun,northern Thailand. Nov. 23, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith.Original number 2591.Rhipidura nebulosa PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 99, "pi. xxvn, fig. 1,"1848.
=Rhipidura nebulosa nebulosa Peale. See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov.502:13, 1931.15754. Immature (sex not indicated). Upolu Island, Samoan Islands,Oceania. October 1839. Original number unknown. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Rhipidura rufifrons mariae R. H. BakerProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 77, June 19, 1946.384935. Adult male. Mariiru Point, Rota Island, Mariana Islands,Oceania. Oct. 22, 1945. Collected by David H. Johnson and Odis A.Muennink. Original number 1034. Received from the U.S. NavalMedical Research Unit No. 2.Rhipidura niayi AshbyEmu 11 (1): 41, July 1,1911.
=Rhipidura rufifrons dryas Gould, fide Deignan (ms.) .254926. Adult (sex not indicated). Anson Bay, Northern Territory,Australia. 1911. Collected by C. E. May. Received from EdwinAshby.Ashby's name was based upon two formalinized cotypes. The label ofour specimen, a mummy, bears the word "Co Type" in red ink, surroundedby two concentric circles in blue crayon.
460 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus CHASIEMPIS CabanisChasiempis sclateri RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 337, Apr. 6, 1882.
=Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri Ridgway. See Munro, Birds ofHawaii, p. 82, 1944.41955. Immature (sex not indicated). Waimea, Kauai Island, HawaiianIslands, Oceania. Entered into the museum register on June 27, 1866.Collected by Valdemar Rnudsen.41956. Immature (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 41955.Chasiempis dolei StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 90, May 17, 1887.
=Chasiempis sandwichensis sclateri Ridgway. See Wilson and Evans,Aves hawaiienses, p. [131], 189- ; Munro, Birds of Hawaii, p. 82, 1944.110040. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 24, 1886. Col-lected by Valdemar Knudsen.Genus CULICICAPA SwinhoeCulicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 8, July 16, 1923.95322. Adult male. "Quaymoo Choung [not 'Quaymos, Choung'],Thoungyin R"" " ("a small feeder of the Thoungyeen, entering a littlebelow the rapids of Kamaukla [about lat. 17? 15' N.]," fide Bingham,Stray Feathers 9: 156, 1880), Amherst District, Tenasserim Division,Burma. Feb. 2, 1880. Collected by C. T. Bingham. Original number295. Received from Richard Bowdler Sharpe.Culicicapa ceylonensis antioxantha OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 9, July 16, 1923.169979. Adult male. Khao Soi Dao (lat. 7?20' N., long. 99?50' E.),Province of Trang, peninsular Thailand. Feb. 8, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Culicicapa ceylonensis percnocara OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 12, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swainson). See Deignan, Auk64: 583, 1947.179425. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Nov. 23, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Culicicapa ceylonensis pellonota OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 12, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swainson). See Deignan, Auk64:583,1947.180907. Adult male. Samasama, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 20, 1905. Collected by William L.Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 461Gulicicapa ceylonensis ainphiala OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 12, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swainson). See Deignan, Auk64: 583, 1947.179927. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Mentawi Group, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 8, 1903. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Gulicicapa ceylonensis eophila OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in list), 58, 1932.
=Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swainson). See Deignan, Auk64: 583, 1947.174834. Adult male. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna Island), northernNatuna Islands, South China Sea. July 2, 1900. Collected by WilliamL, Abbott.Gulicicapa ceylonensis pellopira OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 76 (6) : 9, July 16, 1923.
=Culicicapa ceylonensis ceylonensis (Swainson). See Deignan, Auk64: 583, 1947.220127. Adult male. Chibodas (elev. 4,500 feet) , Mount Gedeh, PrianganResidency, West Java Province, Java. Sept. 3, 1909. Collected byWilliam Palmer. Original number 1722. Owen Bryant Java Expedi-tion.Gulicicapa helianthea mayri DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 60: 61, May 19, 1947.315319. Adult male. Tataan, Tawitawi Island, Sulu Group, PhilippineIslands, Oct. 15, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and FrankS. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 1970 of the Menage Collection.Genus RHINOMYIAS Bowdler SharpeRhinomyias nicobarica RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 295, Sept. 17, 1902.
=Rhinomyias hrunneata nicobarica Richmond. See Vaurie, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1570:20,1952.178740. Adult male. Pulau Kunyi, just off Great Nicobar Island, NicobarIslands, Bay of Bengal northwest of Sumatra. Mar. 20, 1901. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Rhinomyias umbratilis richmondi StoneProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhUadelphia 54: 686, Jan. 20, 1903.
=Rhinomyias umbratilis (Strickland). See Vaurie, Amer. Mus. Nov.1570:21,22, 1952.179422 (not 170,8-0). Adult (sex not indicated). Pulau Mansalar (lat.1?39' N., long. 98?30' E.), off the coast of western Sumatra. Mar. 12,1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.
462 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Rhinomyias umbratilis eclipis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 60 (7) : 12, Oct. 26, 1912.=Rhinomyias umbratilis (Strickland). See Vaurie, Amer. Mus. Nov.1570:21,22, 1952.179925. Adult male. Pulau Tanah Masa (lat. 0?11' S., long. 98?27' E.),Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean oflf Sumatra. Feb. 19, 1903.Collected by William L. Abbott.Rhinomyias ruficauda mindanensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 439, May 22, 1909.
=Rhinomyias ruficauda samarensis (Steere). See Vaurie, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1570:24,1952.190247. Adult male. Camp Pantar, Misamis Province, Mindanao Island,Philippine Islands. Aug. 24, 1903. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 12929.Rhynoniyias \^sic\ occularis [5tc] Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 28, Dec. 8, 1894.=Rhinomyias ruficauda occularis Bourns and Worcester. See Vaurie,Amer. Mus. Nov. 1570: 24, 1952.316158. Adult male. Sulu Island, Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands.Sept. 28, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.
: 1 Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2343 ofthe Menage Collection.316159. Adult female. Tawitawi Island, Sulu Archipelago, PhilippineIslands. Oct. 31, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and FrankS. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, whichacquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 23421/2 of the Menage Collection.Bourns and Worcester gave a detailed description of the male, and fol-lowed it with the statement "Sexes alike." Both Nos. 316158 and 316159were marked by them as "Type," but it must be admitted that No. 316159scarcely deserves the status of cotype.Rhiuomyias albigularis Bourns and Worcester
?- Occas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 27, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Rhinomyias gularis albigularis Bourns and Worcester. See Vaurie,Amer. Mus. Nov. 1570 : 29, 1952.316156. Adult male? Bais, Negros Oriental Province, Negros Island,Philippine Islands. Jan. 13, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcesterand Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library,which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences,where it was No. 1964 of the Menage Collection.316157. Adult male. Bais, Negros Island, Philippine Islands. Jan. 11,1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 463the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1963of the Menage Collection.Genus MUSCICAPA BrissonButalis pallens StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 144, July 2, 1887.
=Muscicapa griseisticta (Swinhoe). See Hartert, Vogel der palaarkti-schen Fauna 1 (4) : 478, 1907.92535. Adult female. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. June 17, 1883. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 2180.Hartert {loc. cit.) comments on Muscicapa griseisticta (Swinhoe) as fol-lows: "Im Friihjahr verbleicht das Gefieder der Oberseite bedeutend. DieBreite der Streifen an der Unterseite variiert etwas. Stejneger benannteeinen am 17. Juni auf der Bering Insel erlegten 'straggler' dessen Geschlechtnicht festgestellt wurde bedingungsweise pallens. Es diirfte sich um dasabgetragene Sommerkleid handeln."Stejneger saw but two skins of true griseisticta, but I have compared histype with 26 specimens, some of them collected late in the spring; not oneof them approximates pallens in the paleness of the upper parts or the nar-rowness of the streaks of the under parts. In the circumstances, one mustaccept the possibility that pallens is a valid race, of which the breedingground is still unknown.Siphia strophiata asema DeignanSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 99 (18) : 1, Dec. 11, 1940.=Muscicapa strophiata strophiata (Hodgson), fide Deignan (ms.).336545. Adult female. Doi Suthep (lat. 18?50' N., long. 98?55' E.), atelev. 5,500 feet, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Nov. 7, 1936. Col-lected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 1728.No second specimen of "Siphia strophiata asema" has come to light, and itseems best to consider this putative form a mere variant of Muscicapastrophiata strophiata. "Siphia rufigularis" Scully, 1879, from Nepal, is ap-parently a very similar variant of the same species; whereas Scully's birdhad the "chin, throat, and upper breast bright orange rufous," mine hasthese parts a very dull orange rufous.Anthipes solitaria euroa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 (11): 48, Apr. 19, 1940.
=Muscicapa solitaris submoniliger (Hume)?, fide Deignan (ms.).359196. Adult (sex not indicated, not male). Dran (elev. 3,000 feet),Phanrang Province, southern Annam. July 1939. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 497.Musicicapula montigena MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18 (1) : 8, Jan. 20, 1905.
=Muscicapa hyperythra montigena (Mearns). See Mayr, in Delacourand Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 210, 1946.
464 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221192236. Adult male. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,000 feet), Davao Province,Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 7, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13658.Dendrobiastes hyperythra jugosae RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34 (10) : 56, Mar. 31, 1921.=Muscicapa hyperythra jugosae (Riley), fide Deignan (ms.).251100. Adult male. Gunong Lehio (lat. 1?33' S., long. 119?53' E.),north-central Celebes. Jan. 17, 1917. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 3412.Musclcapula samarensis Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 26, Dec. 8, 1894.=Muscicapa basilanica samarensis (Bourns and Worcester). See Mayr,in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 209, 210, 1946.315308. Adult male. Catbalogan, Samar Island, Philippine Islands.Aug. 8, 1890. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1778 ofthe Menage Collection.315309. Adult male. Catbalogan, Samar Island, Philippine Islands.Aug. 10, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1776 ofthe Menage Collection.316162. Adult male. Catbalogan, Samar Island, Philippine Islands.Aug. 13, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1775 ofthe Menage Collection.316163. Adult male. Catbalogan, Samar Island, Philippine Islands.Aug. 17, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1777 ofthe Menage Collection.Although Bourns and Worcester stated (erroneously) that the sexes ofthis form are alike, they seem to have had before them only four males.Two of the specimens (Nos. 316162 and 316163) have the word "type'*on the labels, but they seem in fact to have no greater claim to typeshipthan the others.Muscicapa westermanni rabori RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65 (11) : 73, Apr. 25, 1952.192682. Adult female. Irisan, Benguet Subprovince, Mountain Prov-ince, Luzon Island, Philippine Islands. Apr. 21, 1903. Collected byRichard C. McGregor and Andres Celestino. Original number 2249.Received from the Philippine Museum, Manila.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 465Niltava graiidis nobilis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42 (15): 161, May 3, 1929.
=Muscicapa grandis grandis (Blyth), fide Deignan (ms.).311593. Adult male. Doi Ang Ka=Doi Inthanon (lat 18?35' N., long.98?30' E.), at elev. 6,000 feet, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Dec.4, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 2672.Niltava sniithi RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42 (15) : 162, May 3, 1929.
==Muscicapa vivida oatesi (Salvadori), fide Deignan (ms.).311595. Adult female. Summit of Doi Suthep (lat. 18?50' N., long.98?55' E.), elev. 5,500 feet, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Dec. 15,1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 2769.Cyornis rubeculoides chersonesites OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 (17) : 85, Dec. 30, 1920.
=Muscicapa rubeculoides glaucicomans (Thayer and Bangs), fideDeignan (MS.).160623. Adult male. Trang Province (about lat. 7?-8? N.), Thailand.Feb. 15, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Cyornis elegans rupatensis OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 (17): 87, Dec. 30, 1920.
=Muscicapa turcosa rupatensis (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).181145. Adult male. Rupat Strait (about lat. 1?42' N., long. 101 ?27'E.), a narrow channel separating Pulau Rupat from the eastern coastof Sumatra. Feb. 26, 1906. Collected by William L. Abbott.Cyornis elegans antelia OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 (17) : 87, Dec. 30, 1920.=Muscicapa turcosa turcosa (Briiggeman), fide Deignan (ms.).248067. Adult male. Long Iram (lat. 0?03' S., long. 115?37' E.),Borneo. Mar. 7, 1914. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Originalnumber 1262.Muscicapa banyumas lekhakuni DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 209, Dec. 31, 1956.330734. Adult male. Khao Laem (lat. 14?25' N., long. 101?30' E.),Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Dec. 26, 1930. Collectedby Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 4416.Cyornis banyumas nesaea OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 (17) : 86, Dec. 30, 1920.^=Muscicapa tickelliae jerdoni (Holdsworth), fide Deignan (ms.).201395. Adult male. Walgama, Matara District, Southern Province,Ceylon. May 3, 1894. Received from W. F. H. Rosenberg, London.Cyornis banyumas lampra OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98:5 (in checklist), 35, June 30, 1917.=Muscicapa tickelliae lampra (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).171095. Adult male. Pulau Jemaja, Anamba Islands, South China Sea.Sept. 22, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.
466 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Cyornis banyumas calocephala OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 (17): 86, Dec. 30, 1920.
=Muscicapa rufigastra rufigastra (Raffles), fide Deignan (ms.).180606. Adult male. Tanjong Tedung (lat. 2?22' S., long. 105?48' E.),Bangka Island, South China Sea off Sumatra. June 5, 1904. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Cyornis banyumas karimatensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 64: 3, Mar. 28, 1924.=Muscicapa rufigastra karimatensis (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).181667. Adult male. Pulau Karimata (lat. 1?36' S., long. 108?53' E.),Karimata Islands, South China Sea off Borneo. Oct. 4, 1908. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Cyornis mindorensis MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 356, October 1907.=Muscicapa rufigastra mindorensis (Mearns), fide Deignan (ms.).202340. Adult male. Alag River, between the Whitehead and EgbertRivers (at elev. 500 feet), Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands. Dec.1, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 14519.Genus FRASERIA BonaparteFraseria prosphora OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 37, Oct. 9, 1899.
=Fraseria ocreata prosphora Oberholser. See Bannerman, Birds oftropical West Africa 4:234, 1936.161784. Adult (sex not indicated). Mount Coffee ("one of the numer-ous low hills along the St. Paul River, about 25 miles from Mon-rovia"), Liberia. Feb. 19, 1897. Collected by Rolla P. Currie.Original number 8.Genus CHLOROPETA A. SmithChloropeta similis RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 163, April 1897.
=Chloropeta natalensis similis Richmond. See Oberholser, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 28: 912, 1905.118065. Adult female. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 10,000 feet), MoshiDistrict, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. July 29, 1888.Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus PLATYSTEIRA Jardine and SelbyPlatysteira cryptoleuca OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 28: 913, July 8, 1905.
=Platysteira peltata jacksoni Bowdler Sharpe. See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. BuU. 153 (2) : 242, 243, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 467118133. Adult male. "Useri River, plains of Mount Kilimanjaro,"Moshi District, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. Aug. 29,1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus PETROICA SwainsonPetroica pusilla PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 93, "pi. xxv, fig. 3,"1848.
=Petroica multicolor pusilla Peale. See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 714: 3,1934.15761. Adult male. Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Collected byTitian R. Peale. Original number 142. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842). Genus HYPOTHYMIS BoieHypothymis azurea montana RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42 (16) : 165, May 29, 1929.311580. Adult male, Muang Chiang Mai (lat. 18?45' N., long. 99?00'E.), Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Nov. 25, 1928. Collected byHugh McC. Smith. Original number 2613.Monarcha azurea galerita DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 210, Dec. 31, 1956.=Hypothymis azurea galerita (Deignan), fide Deignan (MS.).249048. Adult male. Ko Kut (lat. 11?40' N., long. 102?35' E.), TratProvince, Thailand. Dec. 26, 1914. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.249050. Adult female. Ko Kut, Trat Province, Thailand. Dec. 29, 1914(not 1915). Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.These two specimens were named as cotypes in the original description.Hypothymis azurea forrestia OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 601, Feb. 25, 1911.173302. Adult male. Loughborough Island, Mergui Archipelago,Mergui District, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Jan. 23, 1900. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Hypothymis azurea idiochroa OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 604, Feb. 25, 1911.178873. Adult male. Kar Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay ofBengal northwest of Sumatra. Jan. 25, 1901. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Hypothymis azurea calocara OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 610, Feb. 25, 1911.
=Hypothymis azurea nicobarica Bianchi. See Stuart Baker, Fauna ofBritish India, birds, ed. 2, 7: 143, 1930.178705. Adult male. Nankauri Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengalnorthwest of Sumatra. Feb. 8, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.
468 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Hypothymis consobrina RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 189, Aug. 6, 1902.
=fIypothyTnis azurea consobrina Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 396-397, 1944.179433. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean oif Sumatra. Dec. 24, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hypothymis abbotti RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 189, Aug. 6, 1902.=Hypothymis azurea abbotti Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 397, 1944.179426. Adult male. Pulau Babi, Tapah Group, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 11, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Hypothymis azurea isocara OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 606, Feb. 25, 1911.=Hypothymis azurea prophata Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 397, 1944.179437. Adult male. Pulau Bangkaru, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Hypothymis azurea amelis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 608, Feb. 25, 1911.=Hypothymis azurea prohpata Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 397-398, 1944.179920. Adult male. Lafau Bay (not Lafau), Nias Island, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 21, 1903. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Hypothymis azurea ponera OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 604, Feb. 25, 1911.=Hypothymis azurea prophata Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 397, 398, 1944.179916. Adult male. Pulau Tana Massa, Batu Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 17, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Hypothymis azurea prophata OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 597, Feb. 25, 1911.180281. Adult male. Great Karimon Island (lat. 1?03' N., long. 103?22'E.), Strait of Malacca. May 25, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Hypothymis azurea leucophila OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 607, Feb. 25, 1911.179913. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Mentawi Group, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 8, 1903. Collectedby William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 469Hypothyniis azurea richmondi OberholserProc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 39: 613, Feb. 25, 1911.180757. Adult male. Enggano Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Nov. 24, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.Hypothyniis azurea opisthocyanea OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 602, Feb. 25, 1911.170909. Adult male. Pulau Piling (lat. 2?45' N., long. 106?11' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Aug. 17, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Hypothyniis azurea gigantoptera OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 39: 600, Feb. 25, 1911.174828. Adult male. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna Island), northernNatuna Islands, South China Sea. July 12, 1900. Collected byWiUiam L. Abbott.Genus MYIAGRA Vigors and HorsfieldMyiagra to>vnsendi Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 205,August 1919.=Myiagra vanikorensis townsendi Wetmore. See Mayr, Amer. Mus.Nov. 651:11, 1933.212464. Adult male. Kambara Island (about lat. 18?58' S., 181 ?03'E.), Fiji Islands, Oceania. Dec. 7, 1899. Collected by Charles H.Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Platyrhynehus albiventris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 102, "pi. xxvn, fig.3," 1848.=Myiagra albiventris Peale. See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 651: 14, 1933.14398. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 194. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Peale described both the male and the female, and since only two speci-mens are listed in the museum register, we may assume Uiat he had but oneof each sex. Our No. 14398 appears to be a male; No. 14363, no longer inWashington, is the cotype in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, whereit is No. 75817. Genus MAYRORNIS WetmoreMonarcha cinereus [sic^ PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 101, "pi. xxvii, fig.2," 1848.
=Mayrornis lessoni lessoni (G. R. Gray). See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov.651:17, 1933.14732. Adult female. "Near Bahr"=near Mba (lat. 17?32' S., long.177?41' E.), Viti Levu Island, Fiji Islands, Oceania. May 30, 1840.
470 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Collected by Titian R. Peale. Original number 192. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Genus CLYTORHYNCHUS ElliotPinarolestes nesiotes Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mas. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 216,August 1919.
=Clytorhynchus vitiensis nesiotes (Wetmore). See Mayr, Amer. Mus.Nov. 628: 12, 1933.212438. Adult female. Kambara Island (about lat. 18?58' S., long.181?03' E.), Fiji Islands, Oceania. Dec. 7, 1899. Collected byCharles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus TERPSIPHONE GlogerTerpsiphone owstoni JouyProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 37: 654, Aug. 4, 1910.
=Terpsiphone atrocaudata atrocaudata (Eyton). See Om. Soc. Japan,Handlist of the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 51, 1942.88650. Adult male. Fuji San (lat. 35?22' N., long. 138?44' E.), HonshuIsland, Japan. July 13, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Originalnumber 497.Terpsiphone sababensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 155, July 23, 1934.
=Terpsiphone atrocaudata atrocaudata (Eyton), fide Deignan (ms.).
. 334037. Subadult male. Khao Sa Bap (lat. 12?35' N., long. 102? 15'E.), Province of Chanthaburi, southeastern Thailand. Nov. 21, 1933.Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 6722.Tehitrea procera RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26: 510, Feb. 4, 1903.
=Terpsiphone paradisi procera (Richmond). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:399, 1944.179415. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Dec. 12, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus PACHYCEPHALA VigorsMuscitrea grisola nesiotis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 11, Oct. 26, 1912.
' =Pachycephala cinerea vandepolli Finsch. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 401, 1944.179929. Adult male. Lugu Sibabu (lat. 2?43' N., long. 96?08' E.),Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Oct. 24, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 471Hyloterpe mindorensis Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 22, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Pachycephala whiteheadi mindorensis (Bourns and Worcester). SeeMayr, in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 216, 1946.316155. Adult female. Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands. Apr. 21,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1464 ofthe Menage Collection.Hyloterpe mnchelli Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 21, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Pachycephala whiteheadi winchelli (Bourns and Worcester). SeeMayr, in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 216, 1946.316149. Adult male. Bais, Province of Negros Oriental, Negros Island,Philippine Islands. Jan. 12, 1891, Collected by Dean C. Worcesterand Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library,which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences,where it was No. 1440 of the Menage Collection.Bourns and Worcester described only the male, of which sex they had atleast six specimens, from Panay, Masbate, and Negros. Five of these arenow in Washington, but I have listed here only the one on whose label theyhave written "type." A female. No. 316150, upon whose label the sameword appears, must be considered merely a paratype.Hyloterpe major Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1):22, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Pachycephala whiteheadi winchelli (Bourns and Worcester), fide Deig-nan (MS.).316145. Adult male. Toledo, Cebii Island, Philippine Islands. June 16,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 1450 ofthe Menage Collection.The authors described only the male, of which sex they had at least tenspecimens, from Cebu, Tablas, and Sibuyan. Seven of these are now inWashington, but again I have listed only the one on whose label appearsthe word "type." A female, No. 316147, with its label similarly marked,is in fact only a paratype.Hyloterpe apoensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 86, Feb. 21, 1905.
=Pachycephala philippinensis apoensis (Mearns). See Mayr, in Dela-cour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 215, 216, 1946.192247. Adult male. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,000 feet), Davao Province,Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. June 20, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13538.500936?61 31
472 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Hyloterpe apoensis basilanica MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36:442, May 22, 1909.
=Pachycephala philippinensis basilanica (Mearns). See Mayr, in Dela-cour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 215, 216, 1946.161534. Adult male. Basilan Island, Philippine Islands. Nov. 8, 1887.Collected by Dean C. Worcester. Received from Dean C. Worcester.Eopsallria flavifrons PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 96, "pi. xxvi, fig. 1,"1848.
=Pachycephala flavifrons (Peale). See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov.531:22, 1932.15755. Adult male. Upolu Island, Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Col-lected by Titian R. Peale. Original number 172. U.S. ExploringExpedition (1838-1842).Eopsaltria icteroides PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 97, "pi. XXVI, fig. 2,"1848.
=Pachycephala flavifrons (Peale) . See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 531: 22,1932.15757. Adult male. Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Collected byTitian R. Peale. Original number 174. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Eopsaltria albifrons PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 97, "pi. xxvi, fig. 3,"1848.
=Pachycephala flavifrons (Peale) . See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 531: 22,1932.15756. Adult male. Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Collected byTitian R. Peale. Original number 173. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842). Genus CORACORNIS RileyCoracornis raveni RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31:157, Dec. 30, 1918.252177. Adult male. Rano Rano (a village at about lat. 1?30' S., long.120?19' E.), central Celebes. Dec. 23, 1917. CoUected by Harry C.Raven. Original number 4840.Genus HYLOCITREA MathewsPachycephala pluviosa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 95, May 20, 1919.
=Hylocitrea bonensis bonensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth). See Strese-mann, Journ. fiir Orn. 88: 72, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 473252197. Adult male. Rano Rano (a village at about lat. 1?30' S., long.120?19' E.), central Celebes. Dec. 22, 1917. Collected by Harry C.Raven. Original number 4834.Genus COLLURICINCLA Vigors and HorsfieldTurdus pallidus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 86, "pi. xxiv, fig. 1,"1848.
=Colluricincla harmonica harmonica (Latham). See Mathews, Birdsof Australia 10 (5) : 278, 279, 1923.14480. Adult (sex not indicated). "Near Valparaiso," error=NewSouth Wales, Australia (see Cassin, U.S. Exploring Expedition, ed. 2,8 [Mamm. and Orn.] : 142, 1858) . "May 18-," error=December1839. Original number 85. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Family PRUNELLIDAE: Accentors, Hedge-sparrowsGenus PRUNELLA VieillotPrunella modularis mabbolti HarperProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 243, Dec. 31, 1919.256755. Adult male. "At timber-line (altitude about 1700 meters) on amountain about three kilometers south of Saillagouse," Department ofPyrenees-Orientales, France. Apr. 24, 1919. Collected by FrancisHarper. Original number B-26.Family MOTACILLIDAE: Wagtails, PipitsGenus MOTACILLA LinnaeusBudyles flavus alascensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 105, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Motacilla flava alascensis (Ridgway). See Hartert, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna 1 (3) : 290, 1905.73231. Adult male. Saint Michael (on the southern shore of NortonSound), western Alaska. June 1, 1877. Collected by Lucien MeS.Turner. Original number 1457.This is another specimen that was for a time part of the private collectionof Robert Ridgway (whose label it still bears), but this episode in itshistory seems to have long antedated its elevation to typeship.Genus ANTHUS BechsteinA[nthus]. stejnegeri RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mas. 6: 95, Aug. 2, 1883.=Anthus gustavi Swinhoe. See Hartert, Vogel der palaarktischenFauna 1: xxviii (footnote 3), 1903.
474 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22188989. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, southwesternBering Sea. June 9, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger.Original number 1174.88992. Adult male. Bering Island, Commander Islands, June 10, 1882.Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 1194.89134. Adult male. Copper Island, Commander Islands. June 18, 1882.Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 1211.89135. Adult female. Copper Island, Commander Islands. June 24,1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 1231.Ridgway had six cotypes, of which three (Nos. 88992, 89134, and 89135)were mentioned by number at the original description; since, however,Richmond's lectotype. No. 88989, was not mentioned there at all, it is clearthat all six should be considered equivalent. Nos. 88990 and 88991, bothmales, are no longer in the collection ; they were "returned" to the collectorin September 1885, and their present whereabouts is unknown.Authus spinoletta geophilus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 36 (11): 388, Nov. 20, 1946.298525. Adult male. False Pass, Unimak Island, Fox Group, AleutianIslands, Alaska. May 14, 1925. Collected by Olaus J. Murie. Originalnumber 2950. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Alauda Spragueii AudubonBirds of America 7: 334, pi. 486, 1844.=Anthus spragueii (Audubon). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 86, 1935.1884. Adult female. "Prairies near Fort Union" (near the confluence ofthe Yellowstone River v/ith the Missouri), Williams or McKenzieCounty, North Dakota. June 19, 1843. Received from Spencer F.Baird (of whose private collection it once formed part), who acquiredit from John J. Audubon.No. 1884 is no doubt one of the cotypes, although it might be argued that,since a male was minutely described by Audubon, the male cotype in theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (where it is No. 23733) hasan even stronger claim. There is, however, a possibility that Baird indicatedthe sex erroneously in his register, as he has done the date of collection("June 13").Conflicting accounts of the first discovery of this bird have been broughttogether and discussed by Francis H. Aflen (Auk 68: 379-380, 1951).Tlie exact locality for birds described from "Fort Union" is uncertain.Preble (ms.) has found that the military reservation would at the presenttime lie partly in Montana and partly in North Dakota, but that more thanone-half of its buildings stood in what is now North Dakota; the type locality
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 475
might then be restricted to the vicinity of the modem town of Buford, Wil-liams County, North Dakota.It may be mentioned here that Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia51: 18, 1899) has erred in referring to our cotype as No. 1854, instead ofNo. 1884. Genus MACRONYX SwainsonMacronyx aurantiigula subocularis FriedmannOccas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5 : 266, May 7, 1930.=Macronyx aurantiigula Reichenow. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2): 259, 260, 1937.246154. Adult female. "Government Trail, Tharaka District" ("countryon Upper Tana above falls," fide Jackson, Birds of Kenya Colony andthe Uganda Protectorate l:xxxviii, 1938), Central Province, KenyaColony. Aug. 12, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 23574. Childs Frick Expedition to Ethiopia and Kenya Colony.Macronyx croceus vulturnus FriedmannOccas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5 : 263, May 7, 1930.109591. Adult male. Province of Natal, Union of South Africa. En-tered into the museum register on Oct. 22, 1886. Collected by E. H.Richards. Received from Oberlin College.Family PTILOGONATIDAE: Silky FlycatchersGenus PTILOGONYS SwainsonP[tiliogonys]. cinereus molybdoplianes RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 464, September 1887.
=Ptilogonys cinereus molybdoplianes Ridgway. See Helhnayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 106, 1935.30719. Adult male. Duenas, Department of Sacatepequez, Guatemala.1861. Collected by Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuC. Godman. Orig-inal number 377. Received from Osbert Salvin.50453, Adult male. Guatemala. Entered into the museum register onMar. 4, 1868. Collected by C. H. Van Patten.Ridgway described only the male of his new form and indicated by hismeasurements that at least two specimens lay before him. The two listedabove seem to have been the only males from Guatemala in the museumcollection in 1887. The oldest label borne by No. 50453 is Ridgway's own,so it appears that this is another bird, rare at the time, that left the museumto enter the curator's private collection.
476 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Family DULIDAE: Palm-chatsGenus DULUS VieillotDulus dominicus oviedo WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 117, Mar. 25, 1929.278751. Adult male. Picmy, Gonave Island, in the Bay of GonaiVes,Haiti, Hispaniola Island, Caribbean Sea. July 5, 1920. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Family ARTAMIDAE: Wood-swallowsGenus ARTAMUS VieillotArtamus leucoryn. [sic] macroterus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist), 53, 1932.
=Arta?nus leucorynchos leucorynchos (Linnaeus). See Chasen, Hand-list of Malaysian birds, p. 256, 1935; Deignan (ms.).174713. Adult male. Pulau Serasan (South Natuna Island), lat. 2?31'N., long. 109?02' E., southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June1, 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Artamus leucoryn [sic] amydrus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 185, Nov. 2, 1917.
=^Artamus leucorynchos amydrus Oberholser. See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 256, 1935; Deignan (ms.).181532. Adult male. Pulau Solombo Besar, eastern Java Sea. Dec. 4,1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Ocypterus nientalis "nob." PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 84, "pi. xxiii, fig. 3,"1848.=Artamus leucorynchos mentalis Jardine. See Cassin, U.S. ExploringExpedition 8: 141, 1858; Mayr, Birds of the Southwest Pacific, p. 144,1945; Deignan ( MS.).14851. Adult (sex not indicated). Fiji Islands, Oceania. 1840. Orig-inal number 65. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14852. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 14851.14870. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 14851.14871. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 14851.According to the museum register, there were at least two other cotypesof this form, Nos. 14868 and 14869. One of these is now in the Museumof Comparative Zoology, where it is No. 75750.Ocypterus superciliosus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 83, "pi. xxiii, fig. 2,"1848.
=Artamus superciliosus (Gould). See Mathews, Systema avium austra-lasianarum 2: 636, 1930.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 47714880. Adult (sex not indicated). State of New South Wales, Australia.1839. Original number 68. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Family LANIIDAE: ShrikesGenus LANIUS LinnaeusLanius ludovlcianus migrans W. PalmerAuk 15 (3) : 248, July 1898.163077. Adult male. Kingston, Frontenac County, Province of Ontario,Canada. Apr. 4, 1898. Collected by C. K. Clarke.L[aiiiits]. ludovlcianus ganibell RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 467, September 1887.=Lanius ludovlcianus gambeli Ridgway. See A. H. Miller, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 77, 1931.80468=73971 reentered. Murphy, Calaveras County, California. De-cember 1877. Collected by Lyman Belding.RidgAvay stated that his series consisted of 21 specimens, from "Califor-nia, especially coast district." Since No. 80468 w^as long ago made thelectotype by Ridgway himself, it seems to me advisable to list here only theone specimen, especially since it would now be a matter of the greatestdifficulty to reconstruct the original series.Miller {loc. cit.) and Grinnell (Univ. California Publ. Zool. 38:297,1932) have been puzzled by the fact that the lectotype should be No. 73971,but is instead No. 80468, with identical data. The explanation is, however,simple. The skin was entered into the register on March 18, 1878, as No.73971. Shortly afterward, Ridgway gathered into his private collectionthis very specimen which he was later to consider most suitable for lecto-typeship. He removed, and presumably destroyed, Belding's original label,replacing it with one of his own (which it still carries), upon which thedata were copied only in part. In August 1880, for no reason now ap-parent, No. 73971, together with more than 100 other skins derived fromthe national collection, were retransferred from Ridgway's collection to thatof the museum, and all were reentered by Ridgway himself under new num-bers, although it should not have been difficult to have traced the originalentries. As a result, No. 73971 now became No. 80468, with only the in-sufficient data found on Ridgway's label. The numerous errors noted byBelding in the numbers of his specimens as printed {fide Grinnell, loc. cit.)can probably all be explained by this peculiar curatorial juggling.Lanius ludovicianus anthonyl MeamsAuk 15 (3) : 261, July 1898.163074. Adult female. Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, Cali-fornia. May 6, 1897. Collected by RoUo H. Beck. Original number131.
478 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 108, Sept. 30, 1903.134781. Immature (not adult) female. San Clemente Island, Los AngelesCounty, California. Aug. 27, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 11368, Mexican-United States International Bound-ary Commission.Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli OberholserWilson Bull. 31 (3) : 87, October 1919.196162. Adult female. San Fernando (a mission at lat. 30? N.), Stateof Baja California, Mexico. Sept. 4, 1905. Collected by Edward W.Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 11644. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Although dated "September," this number of the Wilson Bulletin was notreceived in Washington until Oct. 9, 1919.Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni OberholserCondor 20 (6) : 209, Dec. 12, 1918.196172. Adult male. Todos Santos (Pacific coast at lat 23?27' N.),State of Baja California, Mexico. Dec. 26, 1905. Collected by Ed-ward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 11885.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Lanius schach (Gm.), var. formosEe SwinhoeIbis 5:270, July 1863.=Lanius schach formosae Swinhoe. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlist ofthe Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 45, 1942.37813. Adult (sex not indicated). Formosa. February 1862. Col-lected by Robert Swinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram.Swinhoe named this bird from a series of unstated length, containingboth males and females. Two unsexed specimens ("Interior Formosa,March, 1862"), that are presumably other cotypes, were retained byTristram and are listed in the "Catalogue of a Collection of Birds belongingto H. B. Tristram" (p. 194, 1889) ; these are probably now in the collectionof the British Museum (Natural History)
.
Cephalophoneus suluensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 86, Feb. 21, 1905.=Lanius schach suluensis (Mearns). See Delacour, in Delacour andMayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 169, 1946.191895. Adult male. Bual, Jolo Island, Sulu Group, Philippine Islands.Feb. 21, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13355.Genus POMATORHYNCHUS BoiePomatorhynchus senegalus armenus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 30: 809, June 4, 1906.=Pomatorhynchus senegalus erythropterus (Shaw). See Friedmann,U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 290, 291, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 479118148. Adult male. Plains near Taveta, Teita District, Coastal Province,Kenya Colony. June 28, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus CHLOROPHONEUS CabanisChlorophoneus sulfureopectus fricki FriedmannOccas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 252, Jan. 20, 1930.245461. Adult male. Sadi Malka (at the point where the Jibuti-AddisAbaba railway crosses the Hawash River), Ethiopia. Dec. 21, 1911.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Childs Frick Abyssinian Expedition.Lauiarius abbotti RichmondAuk 14 (2): 161, April 1897.
=Chlorophoneus nigrifrons nigrifrons (Reichenow). See Jackson, TheBirds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate 3 : 1233, 1938.119168. Adult male. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 5,000 feet), MoshiDistrict, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. Oct. 18, 1889.Collected by William L. Abbott.Family PRIONOPIDAE: Helmet-shrikesGenus PRIONOPS VieiUotPrionops vinaceigularis RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 162, April 1897.=Prionops cristata vinaceigularis Richmond. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 319, 1937.118136. Adult male. Plains east of Mount Kilimanjaro, Moshi District,Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. Oct. 1, 1888. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Family CYCLARHINIDAE: Pepper-shrikesGenus CYCLARHIS SwainsonCyclorhis flaviventris yucalanensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 9: 519, Feb. 14, 1887.
=Cyclarhis gujanensis yucalanensis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 195, 1935.37917. Adult female. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Feb. 19, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 193. ComisionCientica de Yucatan.Cyclorhis insularis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3: 22 [p. 2 of extra], Feb. 26, 1885.
=Cyclarhis gujanensis insularis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 195, 1935.102659. Adult female. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 28, 1885. Collected by
480 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Cyclarhis gujanensis perrygoi WetmoreProc. Biol. See. Washington 63 : 61, May 25, 1950.400660. Adult male. Cienaga Macana, near El Rincon, Department ofHerrera, Panama. Mar. 17, 1948. Collected by Alexander Wetmoreand Watson M. Perrygo. Original number 13896.Cyclarhis gujanensis flavens WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63: 174, Dec. 29, 1950.423915. Adult male. Chiman (Punta Madroiio), Department of Panama,Panama. Mar. 31, 1950. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and WatsonM. Perrygo. Original number 16047.C[yclorhis]. cearensis BairdReview of American birds 1 : 391, May 1866.
=Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis Baird. See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 202, 1935.36693. Adult (sex not indicated). State of Ceara, Brazil. Entered intothe museum register on Mar. 29, 1865. Received from the MuseuNacional, Rio de Janeiro.36694. Adult (sex not indicated). State of Ceara, Brazil. Entered intothe museum register on Mar. 29, 1865. Received from the MuseuNacional, Rio de Janeiro.Cyclorhis albiventris Sclater and SalvinNomenclator avium neotropicalium, pp. 13, 156 (not earlier than De-cember), 1873.
=Cyclarhis gujanensis cearensis Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 202, 203, 1935.90460. Adult (sex not indicated). State of Baia, Brazil. Entered intothe museum register on June 22, 1883. Collected by ? Wucherer.Received from Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuC. Godman.This form was described from an unstated number of cotypes, from boththe Sclater and the Salvin-Godman Collections. Our specimen was sent toWashington as one of them; on the Salvin-Godman label is written:
"Cyclorhis albiventris, sp. nov. iii."Family VIREOLANIIDAE: Shrike-vireosGenus VIREOLANIUS BonaparteVireolanius melilophrys goldmani NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 155, Nov. 30, 1903.
=Vireolanius melilophrys melitophrys Bonaparte. See Lowery andNewman, Wilson Bull. 63 (4) : 320, 1951.186309. Adult female. Huitzilac, State of Morelos, Mexico. June 10,1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 10167. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
TYPE SPECEVIENS OF BIRDS 481Genus SMARAGDOLANIUS GriscomVireolanius pulchellus verticalis RldgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8:24, May 6, 1885.Vireolanius viridicoroiiatus Ridg^vayReport of the United States National Museum ... to July, 1885, p.85, 1886.
=Smaragdolanius pulchellus verticalis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 8: 188, 1935.34665. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. June11, 1864. Collected by Julian Cooper. Received from Jose C.Zeledon.Vireolanius viridicoronatus Ridgway is a nomen nudum, that applies un-questionably to the present form and fortunately saw the light subsequentlyto publication of Vireolanius pulchellus verticalis Ridgway. The name ap-pears in the following passage: "A collection of 215 specimens, 96 species,chiefly from Costa Rica, sent by Jose C. Zeledon, including two new species,Cyanocorax cucullatus and Vireolanius viridicoronatus."Vireolanius exiniius mutabilis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll 60 (3) : 20, Sept. 27, 1912.
=Smaragdolanius pulchellus mutabilis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 8: 189, 1935.238507. Adult female. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 3,000 feet). Depart-ment of Darien, Panama. June 11, 1912. Collected by Edward A.Goldman. Original number 15893. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Family STURNIDAE; StarlingsGenus POEOPTERA BonaparteAniydrus? dubius RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 158, April 1897.
=Poeoptera kenricki Shelley. See Jackson, Birds of Kenya Colony andthe Uganda Protectorate 3:1297, 1938; Amadon, Amer. Mus. Nov.1247:4, 1943.118112. Adult female. Taveta, Teita District, Coastal Province, KenyaColony. Aug. 17, 1888. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus CINNYRICINCLUS LessonPholidauges femoralls RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 160, April 1897.
=Cinnyricinclus femoralis (Richmond). See Jackson, The Birds ofKenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate 3: 1275, 1938; Amadon,Amer. Mus. Nov. 1247: 6, 1943.
482 U.S. XATIOXAL MUSELHM BULLETIN 221118111. Adult male. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 6,000 feet), MoshiDistrict, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. June 12, 1883.Collected by William L. Abbott.Cinnyricinclus leucogaster friedmanni BowenProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 82: 166, June 20, 1930.247668. Adult male. Near Gardula (lat. 5?35' N., long. 37?27' E.),Ethiopia. Mar. 29, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 20907. Childs Prick African Expedition (1911-1912).Genus APLONIS GouldLamprotomis atrifusca PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 109, "pi. xxx, fig. 1,"1&48.
=Aplonis atrifuscus (Peale) . See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1166: 6, 1942.15212. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 224. U.S. Exploring Expedition (183&-1842).15746. Adult female. Same data as for No. 15212.Peale had three specimens, among which both sexes were represented.No. 15209 was sent long ago to the Museum of Comparative Zoolog}', whereit is now No. 75738.Lamprotornis ? fusca PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 110, "pi. XXX, fig. 2,"1848.
=Aplonis tahuensis tabuensis (Gmelin) . See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov.1166: 2, 1942."14482"=15035. Adult (sex not indicated)=adult male. "Fiji Is-land5"=Tongatabu Island (lat. 21^07' S., long. 175?11' E.), TongaIslands, Oceania. Original number 225. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842).Peale based this name upon material from Tongatabu, but referred to italso specimens from the Fiji Islands, with mention of the fact that these werelarger and darker. Cassin, who was likewise to combine under one namethe birds of Tongatabu and the Fijis, has indicated in his MS. list that therewere altogether five skins, and four of them are still preserved in Wash-ington. Three of the four are labeled as from the Fiji Islands, and tvvo ofthose so labeled are obviously representative of the race vitiensis, and ac-cordingly no longer cotj-pes of fusca (restricted to the population of Tonga-tabu by Mayr, loc. cit.) .A third specimen. No. "14482," although said to come from the FijiIslands, is clearly an example of tahuensis, while the fourth. No. "15035,"labeled as from Tongatabu, is as obviously an example of vitiensis. It seemscertain that, when the several skins were dismounted, the labels of these twowere transposed, so that all data attached to one belong properly to the other.The fifth of the original series, No. 14964, is now in the Museum ofComparative Zoolog}', where it is No. 75739. Its label states that it came
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 483from Tongatabu, and if the characters shown by the specimen are in factthose of tabuensis, it may be considered a second cotype of jusca.Lainprotornis brevirostris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 111, "pi. XXX, fig. 3,"1848.
=Aplonis tabuensis brevirostris (Peale). See Mayr, Amer. Mus. Nov.1166: 2, 1942.
"15184." Adult (sex not indicated). "Tongatabu ?"=Upolu or SavaiiIsland, Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Original number 227. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1833-1842).15747. Adult female. "Tutuilla"=Upolu or Savaii Island, SamoanIslands, Oceania. 1839. Original number 227. U.S. Exploring Ex-pedition (1838-1842).Although Cassin's MS. list shows that he saw but two specimens of thisform, at least three must have been available to Peale. No. "15184" carriesa label that belongs to one of the birds called fusca by Peale, and can beidentified as brevirostris only by its appearance. Nos. 15747 and 15748 arethe ones handled by Cassin; No, 15748 is no longer in Washington, unlessit is disguised as No. "15184," but Richmond (ms.) claimed that No. 15748was in fact the cotype now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, where itis No. 75740.Another complication is introduced by the fact that the provenience ofNo. 15747 is given on the label as Tutuila. The specimen is, however, nottiituilae Mayr, 1942, but an unquestionable example of the population ofUpolu, to which Mayr inferentially restricted Peale's name.Lamprocorax panayensis haliclypus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 516, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Aplonis panayensis strigatus (Horsfield). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 298, 1935.153845. Adult male. Pulau Telibong=Ko Libong (an island at lat. 7?15'N., long. 99?25' E.), Province of Trang, Thailand. Mar. 1, 1896Collected by William L. Abbott.Lamprocorax panayensis eustalhis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 516, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Aplonis panayensis eustalhis (Oberholser) . See Deignan, Sarawak Mus.Journ. 6 (4) : 132, 1954.182998. Adult male. Kota Bangun (a village at lat. 0?14' S., long.116?34' E.), southeastern Borneo. Jan. 30, 1914. Collected by HarryC. Raven. Original number 1199.Lamprocorax chalybeus rhadinorliamphus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 17, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Aplonis panayensis altirostris (Salvadori). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:405, 1944.179272. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Dec. 12, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.
484 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Laiuprocorax panayensis nesodramus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19): 516, Nov. 18, 1926.=Aplonis panayensis altirostris (Salvador!). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 405, 1944.179273. Adult male. Pulau Babi, Tapah Group, Barussan Islands, east-ern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 13, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Laniprocorax chalybeus pachistorhinus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 17, Oct. 26, 1912.=Aplonis panayensis pachistorhinus (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:405,406, 1944.179863. Adult male. South Pagi Island, Mentawi Group, BarussanIslands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Nov. 19, 1902. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Laniprocorax panayensis ricliniondi OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55:272, Apr. 28, 1919.
=Aplonis panayensis richmondi (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian Birds, p. 298, 1935.170841. Adult male. Pulau Taya^Pulau Saya (lat. 0?47' S., long.104?56' E.), South China Sea. July 27, 1899. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Lamprocorax panayensis heterochlorus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98:5 (in checklist), 57, June 30, 1917.
=Aplonis panayensis heterochlorus (Oberholser). See Chasen, Hand-list of Malaysian birds, p. 298, 1935.170996. Adult male. Pulau Mobur (lat. 3?20' N., long. 106?12' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Aug. 26, 1899. Collected byWiUiam L. Abbott.Laniprocorax panayensis alipodis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad Sci. 16 (19) : 516, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Aplonis panayensis alipodis (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 298, 1935.182435. Adult male. Pulau Panjang (not Pulau Pandigang), lat. 2?20'N., long. 118? 15' E., Celebes Sea off northeastern Borneo. May 2,1913. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original number 601.Laniprocorax todayensis MeamsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18:88, Feb. 21, 1905.=Aplonis minor todayensis (Mearns) . See Mayr, in Delacour and Mayr,Birds of the Philippines, p. 242, 1946.192302. Adult female. Todaya (elev. "4,000" feet) , Mount Apo, DavaoProvince, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 11, 1904. Col-lected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13687.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 485Laniprocorax montosa [sic] RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34:57, Mar. 31, 1921.
=Aplonis minor montosus (Riley). See Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn.88:21,22, 1940.250903. Adult male. Rano Lindu, near the Lindu Lake (about lat. 1?17'S., long. 120?04' K), central Celebes. Mar. 6, 1917. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 3721.Genus STURNUS LinnaeusSturnia erytliropygia katchaleiisis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25:293, Sept. 17, 1902.
=Sturnus malabaricus katchalensis (Richmond). See Stuart Baker,Fauna of British India, birds, ed. 2, 3:42, 1926; Amadon, Amer.Mus. Nov. 1247:8, 1943.178629. Adult male. Katchall Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengalnorthwest of Sumatra. Feb. 20, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus GRACULA LinnaeusGracula javana halibrecta OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19): 516, Nov. 18, 1926.
^=Gracula religiosa halibrecta Oberholser, fide Deignan (MS.).178596. Adult male. Little Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay ofBengal northwest of Sumatra. Feb. 27, 1901. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Gracula javanensis miotera OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 16, Oct. 26, 1912.=Gracula religiosa religiosa Linnaeus. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:403, 1944.179288. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Nov. 24, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Gracula javensis baweana OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52: 184 (in list), 195, Feb. 8, 1917.
=Gracula religiosa religiosa Linnaeus. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:403, 1944.181501. Adult female. Bawean Island, Java Sea between Java andBorneo. Nov. 23, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.Gracula javanensis ophellochlora OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 17, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Gracula religiosa robusta Salvadori. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:403,404, 1944.179284. Adult male. Pulau Tuangku, Banyak Group, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Jan. 23, 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
486 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Gracula javana prasiocara OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. BuU 98: 5 (in checklist), 55, June 30, 1917.
=Gracula religiosa batuensis Finsch. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:404, 1944.170505. Adult male. Pulau Piling (lat. 2?45' N., long. 106?11' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Aug. 17, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Genus ENODES TemminckEnodes erythroplirys centralis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33:56, July 24, 1920.250862. Adult male. Gunong Lehio (lat. 1?33' S., long. 119?53' E.),north-central Celebes. Jan. 13, 1917. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 3392.Family MELIPHAGIDAE: Honey-eatersGenus GYMNOMYZA ReichenowEntomiza ? olivacea PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 145, "pi. XL, fig. 1,"1848.
=^Gymnomyza samoensis (Hombron and Jacquinot). See Cassin, U.S.Exploring Expedition (Mamm. and Orn.), p. 172, 1858; Mayr, Birdsof the Southwest Pacific, p. 121, 1945.14501. Adult male. Upolu Island, Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 423. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).14728. Adult (sex not indicated). Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839.Original number 423. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Cassin's MS. notes show that there were not less than four cotypes, ofwhich only three seem to have been entered into the museum register. No.14489 was sent long ago to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, where itis now No. 75732. Genus CHAETOPTILA SclaterEntomiza? angustipluma PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 147, "pi. XL, fig. 2,"1848.
=Chaetoptilu angustipluma (Peale). See Sclater, Ibis (3) 1: 358, 1871;Amadon, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 95: 256, 1950.15771. Adult (sex not indicated). Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
TYPE SPECHVIENS OF BIRDS 487Genus MYZOMELA Vigors and HorsfieldMyzoniela rubralra saffordi WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30: 117, May 23, 1917.=Myzomela cardinalis saffordi Wetmore. See Mayr, Birds of the South-west Pacific, pp. 298, 299, 1945.188868. Adult male. Guam Island, Marianas Islands, Oceania. June 7,1900. Collected by Alvin Seale. Original number 1547. Receivedfrom the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu.Myzoniela riibrata \^sic] dichromata Wetmorein Townsend and Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 63 (4) : 220, August1919.
=MyzoTnela cardinalis dichromata Wetmore. See Mayr, Birds of theSouthwest Pacific, pp. 298, 299, 1945.212413. Adult male. Ponape, eastern Caroline Islands, Oceania. Feb.11, 1900. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Myzomela nigriventris PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 150, "pi. xli, fig. 1,"1848.
=Myzomela cardinalis nigriventris Peale. See Mayr, Birds of the South-west Pacific, p. 122, 1945.14658. Adult male. Samoan Islands, Oceania. 1839. Original number429. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
Cassin's MS. list indicates that there were at least three cotypes of thisform, although I have found only Nos. 14658 and 14693 entered into themuseum register. No. 14693 represents either the cotype in the Museum ofComparative Zoology (where it is No. 75728), or the one in the Academy ofNatural Sciences of Philadelphia (where it is No. 18209),Myzoniela chloroptera juga RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 56, Mar. 31, 1921.256965. Adult male. Indrulaman, on Lompobatang (a mountain at lat.5?2r S., long. 119?56' E.) , southern Celebes. October 1895. Collectedby Alfred H. Everett. Received from James H. Fleming (in whoseprivate collection it was No. 15292)
.
Myzomela jiigularis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 150, "pi. XLI, fig. 2,"1848.14629. Immature male. Fiji Islands, Oceania. 1840. Original number428. U.S. Exploring Expedition ( 1838-1842 )
.
14640. Subadult male. Fiji Islands, Oceania. 1840. Original number428. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
50093G?61 32
488 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Peale had four specimens, of which but three seem to have been enteredinto the museum register: Nos. 14629, 14640, and 14659. No. 14659 mayrepresent the cotype now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (whereit is No. 89110), or the one in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-delphia (where it is No. 18223)
.
Genus LICHMERA CabanisStigmatops Salvadorii MeyerZeitschr. Ges. Orn. 1(3): 217, September 1884.=Lichmera squamata salvadorii (Meyer). See Mathews, Systema aviumaustralasianarum 2 : 766, 1930.317811. Adult (sex not indicated). Timorlaut (Tanimbar) Islands (be-tween Timor Island and New Guinea), Arafura Sea. 1884. Collectedby ? Riedel. Received from the Staatliche Museen fiir Tier- undVolkerkunde, Dresden, where it was No. C 7755.This name was based upon a series of six cotypes, and the label of ourspecimen bears the word "Co-typus."Genus PROMEROPS BrissonPromerops cafer ardens FriedmannJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 42 (1) : 32, Jan. 23, 1952.433386. Adult female. Melsetter, Melsetter District, Southern Rhodesia.May 13, 1939. Collected by Cecil D. Priest. Original number 290.Family NECTARINIIDAE: SimbirdsGenus ANTHREPTES SwainsonAnShreptes idius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22:33, Oct. 9, 1899.
=Anthreptes fraseri idia Oberholser. See Sclater, Systema aviumaethiopicarura 2: 711, 1930.161807. "Male (immature? ) "=adult female? Mount Coffee ("one of thenumerous low hills along the St. Paul River, about 25 miles fromMonrovia"), Liberia. Mar. 16, 1897. Collected by RoUa P. Currie.Original number 22.Anthreples simplex euthapsiniis OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull 159: 6 (in checklist), 107, 1932.
=Anthreptes simplex (S. Miiller). See Chasen, Handlist of Malaysianbirds, p. 278, 1935.174863. Adult female. Pulau Bunguran (Great Natuna Island), north-ern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. July 22, 1900. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 489Anthreptes simplex simplicior OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11): 229, June 4, 1923.
=Anthreptes simplex (S. Miiller) . See Chasen, Handlist of Malaysianbirds, p. 278, 1935.178268. Adult male. "Central Borneo." 1899. Collected by A. W.Nieuwenhuis. Original number 596. Received from the Rijks Mu-seum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.Anthreptes malacensis pelloptiliis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 60 (7) : 20, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scopoli) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:409,410, 1944.179392. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean ofiF Sumatra. Nov. 22, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Anthreptes malacensis pollostus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 21, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scopoli). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:409,410, 1944.180913. Adult male. Gunong Lambu, Nias Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Feb. 27, 1905. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Anthreptes malacensis nesaeus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60: (7): 20, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scopoli). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:409,410, 1944.180048. Adult male. Shore of Sikakap Strait, North Pagi Island orSouth Pagi Island, Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. November or December 1902. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Anthreptes malacensis anamhae OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist), 61, June 30, 1917.
=Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scopoli). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 279, 1935.171009. Adult male. Pulau Mobur (lat. 3?20' N., long. 106?12' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Aug. 25, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Anthreptes malacensis erixanlhus OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist), 109, 1932.
==Anthrcptes malacensis erixantha Oberholser. See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 279, 1935; Deignan (ms.) .174851. Adult female. Pulau Serasan (not Pulau Bunguran), lat. 2?31'N., long. 109?02' E., southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June1 (not 25), 1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.
490 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Nectarinia Javaioica HorsfieldTrans. Linn. Soc. London 13 (1) : 167, May 1821.
=Anthreptes malacensis malacensis (Scopoii). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 279, 1935.98187. Adult (sex not indicated, but in male plumage). Java. Receivedfrom the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, which acquired it fromthe Indian Pvluseum, Calcutta (where it was part of the Horsfield Col-lection).The British Museum label has written, in an unidentified hand, "Cotypeof Anth. javanica Horsfield." Gadow (Catalogue of the birds in the BritishMuseum 9: 125, 1884) lists four specimens, received from the IndianMuseum, as cotypes of Nectarinia javanica Horsfield, and our skin, acquiredabout June 1884, is presumably one of those four.Anthreptes malacensis baweasius OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 52: 196, Feb. 8, 1917.
=Anthreptes malacensis baweana Oberholser. See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 279, 1935; Deignan (ms.) .181590. Adult male. Bawean Island, Java Sea between Java and Borneo.Nov. 19, 1907. Collected by William L. Abbott.The author, with one male and one female from Bawean, gave the briefestpossible account of the female, but a long and detailed description of themale, and follov/ed this with the comment: "The male of this new form, asis frequently the case in races of Anthreptes malacensis, is not with certaintydistinguishable, though it seems to be more clearly yellow on the breastthan is usual in examples of Anthreptes malacensis malacensis. The female,however, shows differences, as above set forth, which apparently indicatesubspecific distinction." Why the one specimen, of two, admittedly indis-tinguishable from members of other races, should be established as thetype, is not easily explicable.Anthreptes malacensis bornensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 : 55, July 24, 1920.211591. Adult male. Pulau Bai (an island in Sandakan Harbor, at lat.5?4>r N., long. 118?06' E.), Sandakan Residency, British NorthBorneo. Mar. 1, 1903. Collected by Paul Bartsch.Anthreptes malacensis paraguce RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 55, July 24, 1920.
=Anthreptes malacensis paraguae Riley. See Delacour, Birds of Malaysia,pp. 310, 311, 1947.233332. Adult male. Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippine Islands.Dec. 14, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 3274 of the Menage Collection.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 491Anthreples cagayanensis MeamsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 6, Jan. 20, 1905.
=Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis Mearns. See Delacour, Birds ofMalaysia, pp. 310, 311, 1947.191897. Adult male. Cagayan Sulu Island (in the Sulu Sea), Sulu Prov-ince, Philippine Islands. Feb. 25, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 13270.Anthreptes malacensis heliolusius OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 228, June 4, 1923.
=Anthreptcs malacensis heliolusia Oberholser, fide Deignan (ms.).201279. Adult male. Basilan Island, Philippine Islands. Jan. 31, 1906.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13929.Anthreptes malacensis basilanicus Hachisuka (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 47: 68,Dec. 29, 1926) is an absolute synonym.Anthreptes malacensis heliocahis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 229, June 4, 1923.
=Anthreptes malacensis heliocala Oberholser?, fide Deignan (MS.).113786. Adult male. Pulau Sangihe (Great Sangihe Island), lat. 3?33'N., long 125?32' E., Sangihe Islands, Celebes Sea between MindanaoIsland and the northeasternmost cape of Celebes. June 30, 1886. Col-lected by C. C. Platen. Received from C. Hart Merriam, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.Anthreptes malacensis sanghirana Hachisuka (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 47: 68,Dec. 29, 1926) is an absolute synonym.The putative race of Pulau Sangihe may be valid, but it should be notedthat Oberholser, with but one male and one female, described heliocala assimilar in the male to heliolusa, but "somewhat brighter and of a more goldenyellowish below," while Hachisuka, with but two males and one female, foundthe same sex, in comparison with the bird of Basilan, to have "the under-parls of a more greenish than yellow tinge"!Anthreptes rhodolaema aenea RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47 (23) : 116, June 13, 1934.182632. Adult male. Labuan Kelambu (lat. 1?15' N., long. 118?39' E.),Borneo. June 25, 1913. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Original num-ber 883.Chalcoparia singalensis koratensis Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (2) : 218, Apr. 9, 1918.
=Anthreptes singalensis koratensis (Boden Kloss). See Riley, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 172: 511, 1938; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 23, 1944.278694. Adult male. Sathani Lat Bua Khao (lat. 14?50' N., long. 101?35'E.), Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Oct. 15, 1916. Collectedby Cecil Boden Kloss.278695. Adult female. Sathani Lat Bua Khao, Nakhon Ratchasima Prov-ince, Thailand. Oct. 15, 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.
492 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22llAnthreples singalensis stellae DeignanZoologica, New York 35 (8) : 128, Aug. 1, 1950.
=Anthreptes singalensis koratensis (Boden Kloss), fide Deignan (ms.).311273. Adult male. Khao Saming (lat. 12^21' N., long. 102?27' E.),Trat Province, Thailand. Oct. 16, 1928. CoUected by Hugh McC.Smith. Original number 2510.Anthreptes singalensis internotiis [sic] DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 68 (23) : 147, Oct. 31, 1955.
=Anthreptes singalensis internota Deignan, fide Deignan (ms.).451383. Adult male. Ban Khlua Klang [about lat. 1F38' N., long.99?36' E.], Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand. Dec. 25, 1952.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 575.Chalcoparia singalensis panopsia OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 21, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Anthreptes singalensis panopsia (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:410, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29:23,1944.179397. Adult female. Pulau Tuangku (lat. 2?10' N., long. 97?16' E.),Banyak Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Jan. 25, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Anthreptes collaris garguensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 389, Jan. 19, 1915.Anthreptes collaris uraguess "Mearns" van SomerenNov. Zool. 29 (1) : 203, May 18, 1922.217750. Adult male. Mount Gargues (at elev. 7,000 feet), NorthernFrontier District, Kenya Colony. Aug. 25, 1911. Collected by EdmundHeller. Original number 244. Rainey African Expedition (1911).Van Someren's name is probably a mere lapsus calami.Anthreptes collaris elachior MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 5, Dec. 23, 1910.215747. Adult male. Changamwe, Kilifi District, Coastal Province, KenyaColony. Nov. 25, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 17593. Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus NECTARINIA IlligerCyanomitra changamwensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 4, Dec. 23, 1910.
=Nectarinia olivacea changamwensis (Mearns) . See Sclater, Systemaavium aethiopicarum 2: 706, 1930; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29: 24, 1944.215725. Adult female. Changamwe, Kilifi District, Coastal Province,Kenya Colony. Nov. 25, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Orig-inal number 17587. Smithsonian African Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 493Anthreptes hypogrammica niariae DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 56: 30, Feb. 25, 1943.
=Nectarinia hypogrammica mariae (Deignan) . See Delacour, Zoologica,New York 29: 24, 1944.332545. Adult male. Arboretum of Trang Bom (lat. 10?56' N., long.107?00' E.), Province of Bien Hoa, Cochin-China. Aug. 14, 1932.Collected by A. Poilane. Original number 52.Chalcomitra senegaleiisis atra MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 388, Jan. 19, 1915.
=^Nectarinia senegalensis lumperti (Reichenow). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 363, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29: 25, 1944.246077. Adult male. "On the Thika River, at Camp No. 2 of the ChildsFrick African Expedition, 20 miles above its junction with the TanaRiver," Fort Hall District, Central Province, Kenya Colony. Aug. 27,1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23912.Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Nectarinia zeylonica whistleri RipleySpolia Zeylanica 24 (3) : 238, Nov. 8, 1946.100608. Adult male. Maddur, Mysore District, Mysore State, southernIndia. July 16, 1883. Collected by William Davison. Received fromRichard Bowdler Sharpe.Cinnyris brasiiiaiia mecynorhyncha OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 19, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Nectarinia sperata mecynorhyncha (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:408, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:27, 1944.179396. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Nov. 19, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Cinnyris brasiliana oenopa OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 18, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Nectarinia sperata brasiliana (Gmelin). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:408, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29:27, 1944.180920. Adult male. Mojeia River, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 14, 1905. Collected by William L.Abbott.Cinnyris brasiliana hypolampis OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 19, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Nectarinia sperata brasiliana (Gmelin). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 408, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 27, 1944.180051. Adult male. South Pagi Island, Mentawi Group, Barussan Is-lands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Dec. 11, 1902. Collectedby William L. Abbott.
494 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Cinnyris brasiliana eumecis OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist), 63, June 30, 1917.
=Nectarinia sperata eumecis (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 276, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 27,1944.170974. Adult male. Pulau Siantan (lat. 3? 10' N., long. 106? 15' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Sept. 6, 1899. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Cinnyris brasiliana axaiitha OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 7 (in checklist) , 114, 1932.
=Nectarinia sperata axantha (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 276, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 27,1944.174859. Adult male. Pulau Midai (Low Island), lat. 3?0r N., long.107?48' E., Natuna Islands, South China Sea. May 23, 1900. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Hermotimia talaulensis Meyer and WiglesworthJourn. fur Orn. 42 [ (5) 1] (3) : 238, 244, July 1894.=Nectarinia sericea talautensis (Meyer and Wiglesworth) . See Mathews,Systema avium australasianarum 2: 732, 1930; Delacour, Zoologica,New York 29: 27, 1944.317812. Adult male. Kaburuang Island (lat. 3?47' N., long. 126 ?48'E.), Talaut Islands, Celebes Sea southeast of Mindanao Island. Nov.7, 1893. Collected by ? Cursham. Received from the StaatlicheMuseen fiir Tier- und Volkerkunde, Dresden, where it was No. C.13141.This name was based upon a series of undisclosed length, from the islandsof Kaburuang and Salebabu, among which both sexes were represented.The label of our specimen carries the word "Co-typus."Chalcostetha calcoslelha heliomarpta OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 229, June 4, 1923.
=Nectarinia calcostetha calcostetha Jardine. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94:407, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29:27,1944.179390. Adult female. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Dec. 1, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Chalcostetha calcostetha pagicola OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 17, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Nectarinia calcostetha calcostetha Jardine. See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 407, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29:27, 1944.180023. Adult male. North Pagi Island, Mentawi Group, Barussan Is-lands, eastern Indian Ocean off Smnatra. Jan. 2, 1903. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 495Chalcostetha calcosletha halitypa OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 6 (in checklist), 110, 1932.
=Nectarinia calcostetha proxima (Riley). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 273, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 27,1944.174856. Adult male. Brian Island=Teberian Besar (lat. 2?30' N., long.108?57' E.) , southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. May 31, 1900.Collected by William L. Abbott.Chalcostetha calcostetha proxima RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 141, Dec. 2, 1927.
=Nectarinia calcostetha proxima (Riley). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 273, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 27,1944.182688. Adult male. Pulau Derawan (lat. 2?18' N., long. 118?14' E.),Celebes Sea off the eastern coast of Borneo. Apr. 25, 1913. Collectedby Harry C. Raven. Original number 569.Cinnyris ornata proselia OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 230, June 4, 1923.
=Nectarinia jiigularis proselia (Oberholser), fide Deignan (ms.).178889. Adult male. Kar Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Bengalnorthwest of Sumatra. Jan. 21, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Arachnechthra klossi RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25 : 297, Sept. 17, 1902.=Nectarima jugularis klossi (Richmond). See Oberholser, Journ.Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 231, 1923; Deignan (ms.).178787. Adult male. Great Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay ofBengal northwest of Sumatra. Mar. 9, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.It is difficult to believe that "Cyrtostomus pectoralis blanfordi" StuartBaker, 1921, from Kondul (an islet just off Great Nicobar), can be anythingbut a synonym of klossi (a name apparently unknown to Baker), especiallysince "blanfordi" and klossi seem to be based upon the same characters.Cinnyris ornata polyclysta OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 18, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Nectarinia jugularis polyclysta (Oberholser). See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 94: 409, 1944; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 28, 29,1944.180774. Adult male. Enggano Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Nov. 24, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.Cinnyris ornata heliozeteta OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 231, June 4, 1923.
=Nectarinia jugularis heliozeteta (Oberholser) ?, fide Deignan (MS.).180616. Adult male. Tanjong Rengsam=Tanjong Resang (lat. 2?07'S., long. 105?35' E.), Bangka Island, South China Sea off Sumatra.May 21, 1904. Collected by William L. Abbott.
496 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ciiinyris ornata Iieliobleta OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) ; 230, June 4, 1923.
=NectariTiia jugularis microleuca (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 277, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:28,29,1944.175122. Adult male. Tanjong Dungun (lat. 4?47' N., long. 103?27' E.),State of Kelantan, Federation of Malaya. Sept. 21, 1900. Collectedby WilUam L. Abbott.Cinnyris ornata microleuca OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55: 273, Apr. 28, 1919.
=Nectarinia jugularis microleuca (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 277, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:28,29, 1944.170843. Adult male. Pulau Taya=Pulau Saya (lat. 0?47' S., long.104?56' K), South China Sea. July 26, 1899. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Cinnyris ornata zapega OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159: 7 (in checkhst), 112, 1932.
=Nectarinia jugularis microleuca (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlist ofMalaysian birds, p. 277, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 28,29, 1944.174865. Adult male. Pulau Subi Besar (lat. 2?56' N., long. 108?51' E.),southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June 13, 1900. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Cinnyris ornata heliomanis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 231, June 4, 1923.
=Nectarinia jugularis microleuca (Oberholser). See Chasen, Handlistof Malaysian birds, p. 277, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 28,29, 1944.182683. Adult male. Salintukau (lat. 0?02' N., long. 117?30' E.), east-ern Borneo. Mar. 13, 1913. Collected by Harry C. Raven. Originalnumber 494.Cyrloslonius dinagatensis MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 5, Jan. 20, 1905.
=Nectarinia jugularis jugularis (Linnaeus). See Rand, Fieldiana,Zoology 31: 600-601, 1951.191853. Adult male. Dinagat Island, Province of Surigao, PhilippineIslands. Apr. 21, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 13349 (not 13449).Cyrtostonius jugularis niindanensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 443, May 22, 1909.
=Nectarinia jugularis jugularis (Linnaeus). See Rand, Fieldiana,Zoology31:600, 601, 195L
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 497192061. Adult male. Zamboanga, Zamboanga Province, Mindanao Is-land, Philippine Islands. Jan. 24, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 13177.Cyrtostonius jugularis woodi MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36; 444, May 22, 1909.
=Nectarinia jugularis woodi (Mearns). See Rand, Fieldiana, Zoology31:606, 1951.200602. Adult male. "One of the 'Three Islands,' south of Sibutu Island,"Sulu Archipelago, Philippine Islands. Jan. 5, 1906. Collected byLeonard Wood, Jr., for Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 13851.Cinnyris aldabrensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 372, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Neclarinia sovimanga aldabrensis (Ridgway). See Sclater, Systemaavium sethiopicarum 2: 693, 1930; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:29, 1944.128673. Adult male. Aldabra Island, western Indian Ocean north ofMadagascar. Oct. 1, 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.Cinnyris abbotti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 372, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Nectarinia sovimanga abbotti (Ridgway). See Sclater, Systema aviumasthiopicarum 2: 693, 1930; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 29,1944.128680. Adult male. Assumption Island (lat. 9?47' S., long. 46?31' E.),western Indian Ocean north of Madagascar. Sept. 18, 1892. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Cinnyris venusta blicki MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48: 386, Jan. 19, 1915.
=Nectarinia venusta blicki (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 356, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 29: 29, 1944.217964. Adult male. "Near the south shore of Lake Stefanie" (a lakeeast of the northern end of Lake Rudolf), Northern Frontier District,Kenya Colony. May 17, 1912. Collected by Jolin C. Blick.Cinnyris mediocris garguensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48:387, Jan. 19, 1915.
==Nectarima mediocris mediocris (Shelley). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 361, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:30, 1944.217754. Adult male. Summit of Mount Gargues (elev. 7,100 feet),Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony. Aug. 27, 1911. Collectedby Edmund Heller. Original number 249. Rainey African Expedi-tion (1911).
498 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Cinnyris mediocris keniensis MeamsSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 56 (14): 4, Dec. 23, 1910.
=Nectarinia mediocris mediocris (Shelley). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2): 361, 362, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:30, 1944.215737. Adult male. "West Kenia Forest Station" (on the slopes ofMount Kenya at elev. 7,500 feet), North Nyeri or South Nyeri District,Central Province, Kenya Colony. Sept. 19, 1909. Collected by EdgarA. Mearns. Original number 16865. Smithsonian African Expe-dition.Cinnyris reichenowi kikuyensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 48:388, Jan. 19, 1915.
=Nectarinia preussi kikuyensis (Mearns). See Delacour, Zoologica,New York 29:30 (footnote), 1944.246001. Adult male. Escarpment (a station on the Uganda Railway be-tween Nairobi and Naivasha), elev. 7,390 feet, Kiambu District, Cen-tral Province, Kenya Colony. Sept. 6, 1912. Collected by Edgar A.Mearns. Original number 24076. Childs Frick African Expedition(1911-1912).Helionympha raineyi MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (28) : 1, Nov. 28, 1911.
=Nectarinia bifasciata suahelica (Reichenow). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 354, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, NewYork 29:31,32, 1944.217483. Adult male. Telek River, near Sotik Post, Kericho District, RiftProvince, Kenya Colony. May 16, 1911. Collected by EdmundHeller. Original number 136. Paul J. Rainey African Expedition(1911).Cinnyris nectarinioides RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 158, April 1897.
=Ncctarinia pulchella nectarinioides (Richmond). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 350, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York29:32, 1944.118227. Adult male. Plains east of Mount Kilimanjaro, Moshi District,Northern Province, Tanganyika Territory. Oct. 1, 1888. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Nectarinia johnstoni idius MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14): 3, Dec. 23, 1910.
=Nectarinia johnstoni johnstoni Shelley. See Williams, Ibis 93:580-581, 1951.215664. Adult male. Mount Kenya (at elev. 14,000 feet) , Kenya Colony.Sept. 26, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number16909. Smithsonian African Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 499Neclarinia reiclienowi lalhburyi WilliamsBuU. Brit. Orn. Club 76 (8) : 136 (pL), 137, Nov. 1, 1956.217741. Adult male. Mount Gargues (at elev. 7,100 feet), NorthernFrontier District, Kenya Colony. Aug. 27, 1911. Collected byEdmund Heller. Original number 248. Rainey African Expedition(1911). Genus AETHOPYGA Cabanisi^thopyga boltoni MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 4, Jan. 20, 1905.=Aethopyga boltoni Mearns. See Delacour, in Delacour and Mayr,Birds of the Philippines, p. 230, 1946.192279. Adult male. Mount Apo (at elev. 6,250 feet), Davao Province,Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. June 25, 1904. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 13585.The adult female described by Mearns {op. cit., p. 5) has proved to bean example of tlie species subsequently named Aethopyga primigenia byHachisuka.Aethopyga bonila Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1(1): 17, Dec. 8, 1894.=Aethopyga shelleyi honita Bourns and Worcester. See Delacour, inDelacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 231, 232, 1946.316184. Adult male. Palanog, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands.November 23, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S.Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, whereit was No. 3008 of the Menage Collection.316185. Adult Male. Bais, Negros Island, Philippine Islands. Janu-ary 16, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3011of the Menage Collection.316186. Adult female. Bais, Negros Island, Philippine Islands. Janu-ary 15, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns.Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3015of the Menage Collection.316187. Adult female. Palanog, Masbate Island, Philippine Islands.November 23, 1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S.Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library, which ac-quired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where itwas No. 3010 of the Menage Collection.This name was based upon a series of indeterminable length, but includ-ing both sexes, from the islands of Negros, Cebu, and Masbate. Each ofthe four here listed bears the word "type" on its label.
500 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Aethopyga dabryii bangsi RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 11, Jan. 27, 1925.=Aethopyga gouldiae bangsi Riley? See Deignan, Auk 61: 135, 1944.213223. Adult male. "Hong Sur Kou," Province of Hupeh, China.May 15, 1907. Collected by Walter R. Zappey. The John E. ThayerExpedition to China (1907-1908). Received from the Museum ofComparative Zoology, where it was No. 50758.Aelhopyga nipalensis koelzi RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 106, June 16, 1948.390621. Adult male. "On the Dening-Dreyi trail" (at elev. 5,000 feet),Mishmi Hills, Sadiya Frontier Tract, Assam State, India. Janu-ary 7, 1947. Collected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 332.Smithsonian Institution-Yale University Expedition.Aelhopyga nipalensis angkanensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 162, May 3, 1929.311620. Adult male. Doi Ang Ka (Doi Inthanon), at elev. 8,400 feet(lat. 18?35' N., long. 98?30' E.), Province of Chiang Mai, northwest-em Thailand. December 5, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith.Original number 2692.Aethopyga saturata galenae DeignanJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 38 (1) : 22, Jan. 15, 1948.331074. Adult male. Doi Langka (Khao Pha Cho), lat. 19?00' N., long.99?25' E., northern Thailand. November 10, 1930. Collected byHugh McC. Smith. Original number 4307.^thopyga anomala RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 22: 319, May 12, 1900.=Aethopyga saturata anomala Richmond. See Deignan, Journ. Wash-ington Acad. Sci. 38: 22, 1948.160366. Adult male. Khao Sung (at elev. 2,500 feet), lat. 7?32' N.,long. 99?50' E.), Province of Trang or Phatthalung, peninsularThailand. March 2, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Aethopyga siparaja heliotis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 231, June 4, 1923.=Aethopyga siparaja cara Hume, fide Deignan (ms.) .173263. Adult male. Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago, Mergui Dis-trict, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Feb. 23, 1900. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Aethopyga siparaja tinoptila OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 17, Oct. 26, 1912.=Aethopyga siparaja siparaja (RaflBes). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool.94:407, 408, 1944.179410. Adult male. Pulau Siumat (an islet o?E Simalur Island, at lat.2?39' N., long. 96?22' E.), Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean offSumatra. December 28-30 (not 28), 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 501Aethopyga siparaja nielanetra OberholserSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 60 (7) : 18, Oct. 26, 1912.=Aethopyga siparaja siparaja (Raffles). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94:407,408, 1944.179401. Adult male. Pulau Lassia (lat. 2?10' N., long. 95?38' E.) , TapahGroup, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. January 5,1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Aethopyga siparaja heliophiletica OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 231, June 4, 1923.=Aethopyga siparaja siparaja (Raffles). See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 407, 408, 1944.179405. Adult male. Pulau Bangkaru (lat. 2?04' N., long. 97?06' E.),Banyak Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.January 18, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Aethopyga siparaja pholina OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 18, Oct. 26, 1912.=Aethopyga siparaja siparaja (Raffles) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 94: 407, 408, 1944.180058. Adult male. North Pagi Island (lat. 2?41' S., long. 100? 12' E.)
,
Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.December 22, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Aethopyga siparaja ochropyrrha OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist) , 65, June 30, 1917.=Aethopyga siparaja siparaja (Raffles). See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian birds, p. 275, 1935.174850. Adult male. Pulau Rittan (lat. 2?37' N., long. 106?17' E.),Anamba Islands, South China Sea. May 21, 1900. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Aethopyga siparaja heliogona OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 232, June 4, 1923.219086. Adult male. Depok (lat. 6?24' S., long. 106?49' E.), District ofBogor, western Java. March 29, 1909. Collected by William Palmer.Original number 316. Owen Bryant Java Expedition.Genus ARACHNOTIIERA TemminckArachnothera longirostris antelia OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11): 227, June 4, 1923.
=Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot), fide Deignan (MS.).169920. Aduh male. Trang Province (about lat. 7?-8? N.), Thailand.Jan. 1, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Arachnothera longirostra zarhina OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 19, Oct. 26, 1912.=Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot), fide Deignan (ms.).
502 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221179386. Adult male. Pulau Bangkaru (lat. 2?04' N., long. 97?06' E.),Banyak Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Jan. 18, 1902. Collected by WiUiam L. Abbott.Arachnothera longirostra hypochra OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 19, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot), fide Deignan (ms.).180039. Adult male. North Pagi Island (lat. 2?41' S., long. 101?12' E.)
,
Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Nov. 24, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Arachnothera longirostra exochra OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 19, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot), fide Deignan (ms.).180030. Adult male. South Pagi Island (lat. 3?00' S., long. 100?20' E.)Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Nov. 15, 1902. Collected by WiUiam L. Abbott.Arachnothera longirostra nielanchima OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 19, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot), fide Deignan (ms.).181328. Adult male. "Upper Siak River" (of which the mouth is atabout lat. 1? 12' N., long 102?00' E.), Sumatra. Nov. 23, 1906. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Arachnothera longirostris heliocrila OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11): 228, June 4, 1923.
=Arachnothera longirostra cinireicollis (Vieillot), fide Deignan (MS.).170469. Adult male. Selitar (9 miles from Singapore Town), SingaporeIsland. May 17, 1899. Collected by William L. Abbott.Arachnothera longirostra atita OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. BuU. 159: 6 (in checklist), 104, 1932.174846. Adult male. Sirhassen Island=Pulau Serasan (lat. 2?31' N.,long. 109?02' E.), southern Natuna Islands, South China Sea. June 5,1900. Collected by William L. Abbott.Arachnothera chrysogenys astilpna OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 227, June 4, 1923.
=Arachnothera chrysogenys chrysogenys (Temminck) ?, fide Deignan(MS.).173289. Adult male. Bok Pyin (lat. 11?16' N., long. 98?46' E.), MerguiDistrict, Tenasserim Division, Burma. Feb. 14, 1900. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Arachnothera chrysogenys intensiflava Stuart Baker (Bull. Brit. Orn. Club46: 14, 1925), from "Kossoom, Tenasserim" (==Ban Krasom, peninsularThailand at lat. 8?25' N., long. 98?25' E.), to which Baker attributes thesame range as does Oberholser to astilpna, is clearly a synonym. The popu-lations of Java (not seen by me) and Sumatra are considered inseparableby most students of Malaysian birds; it is therefore not easy to understandwhy astilpna was characterized as darker and duller than chrysogenys of
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 503Sumatra, while intensiflava was diagnosed as decidedly brighter thanchrysogenys of Java
!
Arachnothera chrysogenys copha OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 20, Oct. 26, 1912.=Arachnothera chrysogenys chrysogenys (Temminck) ?, fide Deignan(MS.).179381. Adult male. Tapanuli Bay (about lat. 1?39' N., long. 98^45'E.), northwestern Sumatra. February 28, 1902. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott,Arachnothera chrysogenys pleoxantha OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 20, Oct. 26, 1912.=Arachnothera chrysogenys chrysogenys (Temminck) ?, fide Deignan(MS.).180909. Adult female. Gunong Lembu, Nias Island, Barussan Islands,eastern Indian Ocean ofiF Simiatra. Feb. 27, 1905. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.Arachnothera chrysogenys isopega OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 20, Oct. 26, 1912.=Arachnothera chrysogenys chrysogenys (Temminck) ?, fide Deignan(MS.).180028. Adult (sex not indicated). North Pagi or South Pagi Island,Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Dec. 26, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Arachnothera chrysogenys harrissoni DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 70 (8) : 44, June 28, 1957.182609. Adult male. Labuan Kelambu (lat. 1?15' N., long. 118?39' E.),Berau District, Samarinda Division, Borneo. June 24, 1913. Collectedby Harry C. Raven. Original number 869.Arachnothera affinis caena DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 210, Dec. 31, 1956.451428. Adult (sex not indicated). Ban Hin Laem (lat. 14?40' N., long.98?40' E.), Province of Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Nov. 3, 1952.Collected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 59.Arachnothera affinis heliophllus OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 13 (11) : 226, June 4, 1923.=Arachnothera affinis modesta (Eyton). See Chasen, Handlist of Ma-laysian birds, p. 282, 1935.179384. Adult male. "Loh Sidoh Bay"=Sidoh Bay (lat. 5?21' N., long.95?15' E.), northwestern Sumatra. Nov. 6, 1901. Collected by Wil-liam L. Abbott.Arachnothera affinis pars RileyJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 29 (1) : 40, Jan. 15, 1939.182150. Adult male. Sungei Birang (a river that enters the Berau fromthe north at lat. 2? 10' N., long. 1 17?23' E. ) , eastern Borneo. October 9,1912. Collected by Harry C. Raven, Original number 276.500936?61 33
504 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Arachnothera magna musarum DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 210, Dec. 31, 1956.350458. Adult male. Doi Phu Kha (lat. 19?05' N., long. 101?05' E.),Province of Nan, Thailand. Apr. 5, 1936. Collected by Herbert G.Deignan, Original number 1095,Arachnothera magna pagodarum DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 211, Dec. 31, 1956,451430. Adult female. Ban Hin Laem (lat. 14?40' N., long. 98?40' E.),Province of Kanchanaburi, Thailand. Nov. 25, 1952. Collected byHerbert G. Deignan. Original number 263.Arachnothera magna remola RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53 (18) : 80, June 28, 1940.359346. Adult male. Peaks of Lang Bian (at elev. 7,020 feet), Provinceof Haut-Donai, southern Annam. June 1939. Collected by Joseph F. C.Rock. Original number 181.Family DICAEIDAE: Flower-peckersGenus PRIONOCHILUS StricklandAnaimos maculatus opistatus OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 22, Oct. 26, 1912.
=Prionochilus maculatus maculatus (Temminck), fide Deignan (MS.).180933. Adult male. Telok Beluku (a bay at lat. 1?23' N., long 97?33'E.), Nias Island, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Mar. 3, 1905. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus DICAEUM CuvierPiprisoma modesta [sic] pallescens RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48 (29) : 148, Oct. 21, 1935.=Dicaeum agile pallescens (Riley). See Deignan, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.186: 549, 551, 1945; Mayr and Amadon, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1360: 16,17, 1947.324673. Adult female. Sathani Pak Chong (lat. 14?40' N., long. 101 ?25'E.), Province of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Nov. 26, 1929.Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 3514.Dicaeum agile separabile DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 211, Dec. 31, 1956.361256. Adult male. Near Dalat (lat. 11?55' N., long. 108?26' E.),Province of Haut-Donai", Annam. October 1939. Collected byJoseph F. C. Rock. Original number 857.Piprisoma diversum RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 49 (25) : 113, Aug. 22, 1936.=Dicaem agile affine (Zimmer) , fide Deignan (ms) .315811. Adult male. Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, PhilippineIslands. December 10, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 505Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library,which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences(where it was No. 2830 of the Menage Collection)
.
Prionochilus bicolor Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 20, Dec. 8, 1894.=Dicaeum bicolor bicolor (Bourns and Worcester). See Mayr andAmadon, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1360: 18, 1947.316183. Adult male. "Hills back of Ayala, near Zamboanga," Provinceof Zamboanga, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands. July 22, 1891.Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Received fromthe Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the MinnesotaAcademy of Natural Sciences (where it was No. 2842 of the MenageCollection).Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproclum OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 21, Oct. 26, 1912.179398. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean off Sumatra. Nov. 25, 1901. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dicaeum trigonostigma melanthe OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 21, Oct. 26, 1912.=Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 412, 413, 1944.179400. Adult male. Pulau Lassia (lat. 2?10' N., long. 95?38' E.),Tapah Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Jan. 7, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dicaeum trigonostigma lyprum OberholserSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (7) : 21, Oct. 26, 1912.=Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:412,413, 1944.180068. Adult male. Lafau, Nias Island, Barussan Islands, easternIndian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 21, 1903. Collected by William L.Abbott.Dicaeum trigonosligmum [sic] pagense OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19): 520, Nov. 18, 1926.=Dicaeum trigonostigma antioproctum Oberholser. See Ripley, Bull.Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:412,413, 1944.180065. Adult male. South Pagi Island (lat. 3?00' S., long. 100?20' E.)
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Mentawi Group, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra.Nov. 16, 1902. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dicaeum trigonostigmum [sic] hypochloum OberholserU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98: 5 (in checklist), 67, June 30, 1917.
==Dicaeum trigonostigma trigonostigma (Scopoli). See Chasen, Hand-list of Malaysian birds, p. 269, 1935.170972. Immature male. Pulau Siantan (lat. 3?10' N., long. 106?15'E.), Anamba Islands, South China Sea. Sept. 8, 1899. Collected byWilliam L. Abbott.
506 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dicaeum intermedia [sic] Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 19, Dec. 8, 1894.=Dicaeum trigonostigma intermedium Bourns and Worcester. SeeMayr, in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 226, 1946.316172. Adult male. Romblon Island, Philippine Islands. September1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2699 ofthe Menage Collection.This name was based upon a series of skins from Romblon and TablasIslands, and the word "type" appears upon the labels of a male and a femalefrom Tablas, as well as upon that of the bird listed above. In fact, how-ever, Tablas specimens differ in some degree from those of Romblon, aspointed out by Bourns and Worcester, and the same name should not applyto both populations. The authors have themselves inferentially restrictedtheir name to the population of Romblon, by the statement: "It may ulti-mately prove that the Tablas birds are distinct, the four specimens securedby us in that island having a much heavier wash of yellow on the throatthan the Romblon birds," and I here definitely restrict the name intermediumto the population of Romblon. It might be argued that all five of the adultmales from Romblon are equivalent cotypes, but I list here only Bourns andWorcester's own lectotype.Dicaeum sibuyanica [sic] Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 18, Dec. 8, 1894.=Dicaeum trigonostigma sibuyanicum Bourns and Worcester. See Mayr,in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 226, 1946.316178. Adult male. Sibuyan Island, Philippine Islands. Oct. 13, 1892.Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Received fromthe Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the MinnesotaJ Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 26731/2 of the MenageCollection.316179. Adult female. Sibuyan Island, Philippine Islands. Oct. 8,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-r ' ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2687^^of the Menage Collection.316180. Adult male. Sibuyan Island, Philippine Islands. Oct. 8, 1892.Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Received fromthe Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from the MinnesotaAcademy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2682 of the MenageCollection.316181. Adult female. Sibuyan Island, Philippine Islands. Oct. 8,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it from
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 507the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2683 ofthe Menage Collection.Dicaeum pallidior [51c] Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 18, Dec. 8, 1894.=Dicaeiim trigonostigma pallidius Bourns and Worcester. See Mayr, inDelacour and Mayr, Birds of the PhiUppines, p. 226, 1946.316176. Adult male. Toledo, Cebii Island, Philippine Islands. June 22,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2662of the Menage Collection.316177. Adult male. Toledo, Cebu Island, Philippine Islands. June 21,1892. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 2656of the Menage Collection.Dicaeum assimilis [sic] Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1 (1) : 19, Dec. 8, 1894.=Dicaeum trigonostigma assimile Bourns and Worcester. See Mayr, inDelacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, pp. 226, 227, 1946.316174. Adult male. Sulu Island^Jolo Island, Sulu Archipelago, Phil-ippine Islands. Sept. 17, 1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcesterand Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Public Library,which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences,where it was No. 2705 of the Menage Collection.316173. Adult female. Sulu Island=Jol6 Island, Sulu Archipelago,Philippine Islands. September 30, 1891. Collected by Dean C.Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Received from the Minneapolis Pub-lic Library, which acquired it from the Minnesota Academy of NaturalSciences, where it was No. 2703 of the Menage Collection.Dicaeum cruentatum siamensis [sic] Boden KlossIbis (10) 6 (2) : 216, Apr. 9, 1918.=Dicaeum cruentatum siamense Boden Kloss. See Deignan, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 186: 544, 546, 1945.278699. Adult male. Sathani Lat Bua Khao (lat. 14? 50' N., long.101?35' E.), eastern Thailand. Oct. 14, 1916. Collected by CecilBoden Kloss.278700. Adult female. Sathani Lat Bua Khao, eastern Thailand. Oct.19, 1916. Collected by Cecil Boden Kloss.Dicaeum sumatranum batuense RichmondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 25: 104, June 15, 1912.=Dicaeum cruentatum batuense Richmond. See Ripley, Bull. Mus.Comp.Zool. 94:412, 1944.
508 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22 1180073. Adult male. Pulau Pini (laL 0?07' N., long. 98?41' E.), BatuGroup, Barussan Islands, eastern Indian Ocean off Sumatra. Mar. 3,1903. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dlcaeum iinibratile RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 43: 191, Nov. 29, 1930.=Dicaeum ignipectus cambodianum Delacour and Jabouille. See Riley,U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 172: 515, 1938; Mayr and Amadon, Amer. Mus.Nov. 1360:28, 1947.324672. Adult male. Khao Kuap (lat. 12?25' N., long. 102?50' E.),Province of Trat, southeastern Thailand. Dec. 24, 1929. Collectedby Hugh McC. Smith. Original number 3562.Dicaeuni ignipectus dolichorhynchum DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 51: 97, May 19, 1938.=Dicaeum ignipectus dolichorhynchum Deignan. See Mayr and Ama-don, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1360:28, 1947.160382. Adult male. Summit of Khao Nam Pliu (elev. 3,000 feet), lat.7?35' N., long. 99?50' E., Province of Phatthalung or Trang, peninsu-lar Thailand. Feb. 26, 1897. Collected by William L. Abbott.Dicaeuni davao MeamsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 87, Feb. 21, 1905.=Dicaeum ignipectus davao Mearns, fide Deignan (ms.).192054. Adult male. Cotabato, Cotabato Province, Mindanao Island,Philippine Islands. Mar. 3, 1904. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 13399.Mayr (Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 225, 1946) haserred in treating davao as a race of Dicacum pygmaeum.Family ZOSTEROPIDAE: White-eyesGenus ZOSTEROPS Vigors and HorsfieldZoslerops halconensis MearnsPhilippine Journ. Sci. 2 (5) sec. A: 360, October 1907.
=Zosterops montana halconensis Mearns. See Mayr, in Delacour andMayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 235, 1946.202405. Adult male. Mount Halcon (at elev. 4,500 feet), MindoroIsland, Philippine Islands. Nov. 14, 1906. Collected by Edgar AMeams. Original number 14480.Zosterops palpebrosa vicina RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 162, May 3, 1929.
=Zosterops palpebrosa mesoxantha Salvadori. See Deignan, Zoologica,New York 28:201, 1943.311617. Adult male. Summit of Doi Suthep (elev. 5,500 feet), lat.18?50' N., long. 98?55' E., Province of Chiang Mai, northwesternThailand. Dec. 15, 1928. Collected by Hugh McC. Smith. Originalnumber 2780.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 509Zosterops ventralis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 288, Sept. 17, 1902.
=Zosterops palpebrosa nicobarica Blyth. See Stuart Baker, Fauna ofBritish India, birds, ed. 2, 7: 281, 1930.178798. Adult male. Kar Nicobar Island, Nicobar Islands, Bay of Ben-gal northwest of Sumatra. Jan. 24, 1901. Collected by William L.Abbott.Zosterops siquijorensis Bourns and WorcesterOccas. Pap. Minnesota Acad. Nat. Sci. 1(1) :21, Dec. 8, 1894.
=Zosterops palpebrosa siquijorensis Bourns and Worcester. See Mayr,in Delacour and Mayr, Birds of the Philippines, p. 236, 1946.316189. Adult male. Siquijor Island, Philippine Islands. Feb. 10,1891. Collected by Dean C. Worcester and Frank S. Bourns. Re-ceived from the Minneapolis Public Library, which acquired it fromthe Minnesota Academy of Natural Sciences, where it was No. 3846of the Menage Collection.In addition to this specimen, a female. No. 316188, has also been markedby Bourns and Worcester as "type," but it can be considered only aparatype.Zosterops atricapilla wetmorei DeignanZoologica, New York 28 (4) : 202, Dec. 31, 1943.234322. Adult male. "Chong" (a mountain pass on the road fromTrang to Phatthalung, at about lat. 7?36' N., long. 99?50' E.; seeRobinson and Boden Kloss, Ibis [9] 4:669, 1910), Province ofTrang, peninsular Thailand. Dec. 5, 1909. Collected by Cecil BodenKloss. Received from the Federated Malay States Museums, KualaLumpur and Taiping.Zosterops aldabrensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 371, Nov. 15, 1894.128702. Adult male. Aldabra Island, western Indian Ocean north ofMadagascar. Oct. 3, 1892. Collected by William L. Abbott.Zosterops niadagascariensis gloriosoe RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 372, Nov. 15, 1894.^Zosterops maderaspatana gloriosae Ridgway. See Sclater, Systemaavium asthiopicarum 2: 678, 1930.128706. Adult female. Gloriosa Island, western Indian Ocean north ofMadagascar. Jan. 25, 1893. Collected by William L. Abbott.Zosterops senegalensis fricki MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (20) : 6, Nov. 29, 1913.245874. Adult male. Bowlder Hill, Thika River, Fort Hall District,Central Province, Kenya Colony. Aug. 28, 1912. Collected by EdgarA. Mearns. Original number 23936. Childs Frick African Expedi-tion (1911-1912).
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Zosterops virens garguensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 61 (20) : 7, Nov. 29, 1913.217736. Adult male. Summit of Mount Gargues (elev. 7,100 feet),Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony. Aug. 25, 1911. Collectedby Edmund Heller. Original number 225. Paul J. Rainey AfricanExpedition (1911).Zosterops solombensis OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 188, Nov. 2, 1917.
==Zosterops lutea solombensis Oberholser. See Mees, Sarawak Mus.Joum. 6 (4) : 137, 1954.181588. Adult male. Pulau Solombo Besar=Pulau Masalembo Besar(lat. 5?35' S., long. 114?25' E.), Java Sea. Dec. 5, 1907. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Zosterops solombensis zachlora Oberholser
..; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 54: 199, Nov. 2, 1917.
=Zosterops lutea solombensis Oberholser. See Mees, Sarawak Mus.Journ. 6 (4) : 137, 1954.181589. Adult male. Pulau Kalambau (lat. 4?55' S., long. 115?35' E.),Laurot Islands, Java Sea. Dec. 7, 1907. Collected by William L.Abbott.Zosterops atrifrons surda RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32 (16) : 95, May 20, 1919.251158. Adult male. Rano Lindu, near the Lindu Lake (about lat. 1?17'S., long. 120?04' E.), central Celebes. Mar. 24, 1917. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 4045.Zosterops flaviceps PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Om.) : 95, "pi. xxv, fig. 5,"1848.
=Zosterops lateralis flaviceps Peale. See Murphy and Mathews, Amer.Mus. Nov. 356: 7, 1929.15762. Adult (sex not indicated). Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands,Oceania. June 15, 1840. Original number 157. U.S. Exploring Ex-pedition (1838-1842).Ge;ius PSEUDOZOSTEROPS FinschLophozosterops striaticeps RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 157, Dec. 30, 1918.
=Pseudozosterops squamiceps striaticeps (Riley). See Stresemann,Journ. fiir Om. 88:66,67, 1940.251151. Adult male. Gunong Lehio (lat. 1?33' S., long. 119?53' E.),north-central Celebes. Jan. 13, 1917. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 3397.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 511Genus APOIA HachisukaZosterops goodfellowi malindangensis MeamsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 443, May 22, 1909.=Apoia goodfellowi malindangensis (Mearns) . See Hachisuka, Orn.Soc. Japan, Suppl. Publ. 14:205,206, 1930.202401. Adult male. Summit of Mount Lebo (elev. 5,750 feet), MountMalindang, Misamis Province, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands.May 21, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number14169. Family VIREONIDAE: Vireo8Genus VIREOVieiUotVireo atricapilla WoodhouseProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6 (2) : 60 (not earlier than Apr.27), 1852.15040. Adult male. "On the Rio San Pedro, two hundred and eight milesfrom San Antonio, on the road leading from that place to El Paso delNorte" ("within about ten miles of its source," fide Woodhouse, inSitgreaves, Report of an expedition down the Zuni and ColoradoRivers, p. 76, 1854) ^Devils River, near Sonora, Sutton County, Texas.May 26, 1851. Collected by Samuel W. Woodhouse.Vireo bairdi RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3:22 [p. 2 of extra], Feb. 26, 1885.102635. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 25, 1885. Collected byJames E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Vireo noveboracensis maynardi BrewsterAuk 4 (2) : 148, April 1887.=Vireo griseus maynardi Brewster. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of Birdsof the Americas 8: 113, 1935.108860. Adult male. Key West, Monroe County, Florida. Mar. 29,1886. Collected by W? ? Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.108862. Adult female. Key West, Monroe County, Florida. Mar, 29,1886. Collected by W? ? Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Vireo noveboracensis mierus NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 30, January 1899.=Vireo griseus mierus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 114, 1935.158930. Adult male. Ciudad Victoria, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.May 23, 1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 5398. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.
512 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Vireo perquisilor NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 267, July 1900.=Vireo griseus perquisitor Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8 : 114, 1935.164084. Adult male. Papantla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Mar. 12,1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 5168.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Lanivireo crassiroslris H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 112 (not earlier than September), 1859.=Vireo crassiroslris crassiroslris (Bryant). See Bond, Check-list ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 125, 1950.13508. Adult (sex not indicated). Nassau, New Providence Island,Bahama Islands. April (not May) 1859. Collected by Henry Bryant.Bryant had three cotypes, two males and one female, of which a male wastaken in March, and "a pair" in "May." Two males now in the Museumof Comparative Zoology (where they are Nos. 46779 and 46780) were re-spectively collected on April 10 and March 20. Our specimen, labeled ashaving been shot in April 1859, must then be the female, with Bryant'sdescription of which it agrees.V[ireo]. crassiroslris flavescens RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 476, September 1887.
=Vireo crassiroslris crassiroslris (Bryant). See Todd, Ann. CarnegieMus. 7: 428-430, 1911.107777. Adult male. Conception Island, Bahama Islands. Mar. 8,1886. Collected by W? ? Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.107779. Adult male. Conception Island, Bahama Islands. Mar. 8,1886. Collected by James E. Benedict. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.107780. Adult male. Conception Island, Bahama Islands. Mar. 8,1886. Collected by W? ? Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Ridgway based this name upon a long series of cotypes, from ConceptionIsland, Cat Island, Green Cay, Rum Cay, and Eleuthera Island, but in afootnote inferentially restricted the type localities to Rum Cay and Concep-tion Island. Even if specimens from these islands alone were to be listedhere, we should have to deal with not less than 15 cotypes. Finally, how-ever, Ridg^vay (Birds of North and Middle America 3: 192, 1904) furtherrestricted the type locality to Conception Island, and at that time set asideNo. 107780 as a lectotype. In accordance with procedure followed in othersimilar cases, I give here all the topotypical cotypes from the restrictedlocality. In addition to the three in Washington, there is a female (formerlyNo. 107778), with similar data, sent to the American Museum of NaturalHistory, New York, on Dec. 3, 1890.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 513Vireo crassirostris tortugae RichmondSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 68 (7) : 2, July 12, 1917.=Vireo crassirostris tortugae Richmond. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 125, 1950.250495. Adult male. Tortuga (Tortue) Island, Caribbean Sea off thenorthern coast of the northwestern peninsula of Hispaniola. Jan. 31,1917. CoUected by WiUiam L. Abbott.Vireo approximans RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 179, Sept. 1, 1884.=Vireo crassirostris approximans Ridgway. See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 125, 1950.97847. Adult male. Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea off Nicaragua.Apr. 4-9, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and Willard Nye, Jr.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.The color characters relied upon by Ridgway for separation of this formhave resulted from the fact that the type was originally preserved in alcohol.Vireo pallens SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1863 (2) : 188, August 1863.
=^Vireo pallens pallens Salvin. See Moore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington51:69, 1938.33601. Adult (sex not indicated). El Realejo=Chichigalpa (betweenLeon and Chinandega), Department of Chinandega, Nicaragua. Col-lected by Osbert Salvin and John M. Dow. Original number 4682.Received from Osbert Salvin.A second cotype, from Puntarenas, in Costa Rica, is presumably now inthe collection of the British Museum (Natural History).Empidonax nanus LawrenceIbis (3) 5:386, July 1875.
=^Vireo nanus (Lawrence). See Bond, Checklist of birds of the WestIndies, ed. 3, p. 126, footnote 144, 1950.95541. Adult (sex not indicated). "Santo Domingo"=Dominican Re-public, Hispaniola. Entered into the museum register on Feb. 27, 1884.Collected by William M. Gabb.Vireo Huttoni CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 5 \7) : 150, pi. 10, fig. 1, (not earlierthan Feb. 25) 1851.=Vireo huttoni huttoni Cassin. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38:298, 1932.3724. Adult (sex not indicated). Monterey, Monterey County, Cali-fornia. "June 24," 1847. Collected by William Hutton.3725. Adult (sex not indicated). Monterey, Monterey County, Cali-fornia. "June"^probably September {fide Grinnell, loc. cit.) 1847.Collected by William Hutton.
514 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221A third cotype, taken by John G. Bell at Georgetown, Eldorado County,California, is to be found neither in Washington nor in the collection of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.Vireo huttoni mexicanus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 107, Sept. 30, 1903.143442. Adult male. Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Apr. 26,1893. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1103.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Vireo carmioli BairdReview of American birds 1 : 352 (in key) , 356, May 1866.35236. Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. July 27, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.35237. Subadult male. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose,Costa Rica. July 27, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Vireo superciliaris "(Ridgway ms)." CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 340, Sept. 4, 1891.=Vireo carmioli Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 8: 121, 122, 1935.91825. Adult (sex not indicated). Birris ("the region of a small riverof the same name which flows through a very deep gorge into the RioReventazon between Paraiso and Juan Viiias," fide Carriker, Ann.
, Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910), Province of Cartago (not "southwestcoast region"), Costa Rica. 1882. Collected by Juan J. Cooper.Received from Jose C. Zeledon.Vireo hypoehryseus sordidus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 10, Jan. 27, 1898.156898. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, easternPacific Ocean off the State of Nayarit, Mexico. May 13, 1897. Col-; lected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 4381. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Vireo vicinior CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia IS: 75 (not earlier than Mar. 27),1866.40697. Adult male. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona. May 24,1865. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 1507.Vireo nanus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 59, Mar. 24, 1898.Vireo nelsoni BondProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 86:402, Sept. 20, 1934; Auk53 (4) : 458, Oct. 8, 1936.=Vireo nelsoni Bond. See Bond, Auk 53 : 458, 1936.144890. Adult male. Querendaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. Aug.9, 1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 313.Received from the U.S. Fish and WildUfe Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 515Vireo nelsoni Bond is a new name, based upon the same type specimen,for V. nanus Nelson, preoccupied when Empidonax {'^LawrencicC') nanusLawrence, 1875, is placed in the genus Vireo. Bond's name, at its first ap-pearance, in the Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, was, in the absence ofa definite bibliographic reference, invalid under Article 25 of the Interna-tional Rules of Zoological Nomenclature.Vireo Bellii AudubonBirds of America 7: 333, pi. 485, 1844.=Vireo bellii bellii Audubon. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 8:123, 1935.1926. Adult (sex not indicated). "A short distance below the BlackSnake Hills":^Saint Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri (see Cooke,Auk 27:342, 1910). May 6, 1843 (see Cooke, loc. cit.). Collectedby John G. Bell. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired itfrom John J. Audubon.Cooke, in discussing this skin, observes that "the label on the type speci-men was evidently not written by Audubon himself and whoever wrote ithad doubts as to the correctness of the locality." The data on the oldestlabel were, in fact, written by Spencer F. Baird.A putative cotype is preserved in the collection of the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia, where it is No. 23880; it is a female, receivedfrom Edward Harris.Vireo bellii medius OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 17, Feb. 21, 1903.168275. Adult male. "Boquillas"=mouth of Tomillo Creek {fide averbal statement of the collector), Brewster County, Texas. May 24,1901. Collected by Harry C. Oberholser. Original number 253.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Vireo bellii arizonse RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16:107, Sept. 30, 1903.=Vireo bellii arizonae Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 124, 1935.98790. Adult male. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. Mar. 21, 1884.Collected by Edward W. Nelson.Vireo pusillus CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 76, (not earlier than Mar. 27)1866.
=Vireo bellii pusillus Coues. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 8: 125, 1935.16956 (not 16954). Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja Cali-fornia, Mexico. Aug. 16, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Originalnumber 1942.
516 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Laletes osburni P. L. SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1861 (1):72, pi. 14, fig. 2, May 1861.=Vireo osburni (Sclater). See Bond, Checklist of birds of the WestIndies, ed. 3, p. 126, 1950.23326. Adult male. Freeman's Hall, Trelawney Parish, CornwallCounty, Jamaica, Jan. 31, 1859. Collected by W? Osburn. Orig-inal number 87. Received from Philip L. Sclater.This is one of four equivalent cotypes, of which the remaining three arenow probably in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History) inLondon.Vireosylvia propinqua BairdReview of American birds 1:345 (in key), 348, May 1866.=Vireo flavifrons Vieillot X Vireo solitarius solitarius (Wilson) ? SeeHellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 8: 127 (footnote 1),1935.20402. Adult (sex not indicated) . Coban, Department of Alta Vera Paz,Guatemala. November 1859. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 954. Received from Osbert Salvin.Vireo cassinii XantusProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 10: 117 (not earlier than May 25),1858.
=Vireo solitarius cassinii Xantus. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38:299, 1932.12403=10229 reentered. Adult (sex not indicated). Vicinity of FortTejon, Kern County, California. Aug. 13-15, 1857. Collected byJohn Xantus. Original number 479.A MS. note of Richmond's reads as follows: "The type appears to havebeen catalogued as 10229, to give Baird a number for his convenience.This appears as the type in his 1858 v.'ork (p. 341), & in the Review ofAmer. Birds (p. 348), but no specimen '12403' is cited in either place. In1858, Baird gave '479' as the orig. no. of '10229', & in the catal. entry of12403 (made by him) no. '479' also appears as the collector's number.Nos. 10229 and 12403 are therefore two entries for the same birdVGrinnell {loc. cit.), who personally examined the type specimen, has erredin his interpretation of some of the data on the oldest label. His "orig. no.[as written on original Xantus label], 2403" is in fact the museum registernumber 12403 (with the first digit all but obliterated by the hole clippedfor threading the label), and is in Baird's handwriting. The number 479is Xantus's original number, written by himself.Vireo plumbeus CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 74 (not earlier than Mar. 27),1866.
=Vireo solitarius plumbeus Coues. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 128, 1935.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 51740703. Adult male. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona. May 17,1865. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 1487.Vireosylvia cinerea RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3:22 [p. 2 in extra], Feb. 26, 1885.=Vireo magister magister (Lawrence). See Helbnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 145, 1935.102656 (not 105656). Adult (sex not indicated). Cozumel Island,Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico.Jan. 29, 1885. Collected by James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish Commission.Vireosylvia magister "Baird" LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3) : 20, "Feb.-Mar." 1871.=Vireo magister magister (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 145, 1935.90148. Adult male. Belize District, British Honduras. 1865-1866?(entered into the museum register on June 15, 1883). Collected byChristopher D. Wood. Original number 38. Received from CarlH. Berendt {not Henry Bryant)
.
Vireosylvia calidris var. doniinicana LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 55, Sept. 12, 1878.=Vireo altiloquus barhadensis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 148, 1935.77815. Adult female. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 245.77816. Adult male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 149.Lawrence wrote the word "Type" on the label of each of these specimens,but in fact gave a description only of the male, adding "The female differsin no respects from the male." In the circumstances, No. 77815 shouldperhaps be considered merely a paratype.[Vireosylvia calidris] var. barbadense {sic'\ Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds1 : 359 (in key) , January 1874.=Vireo altiloquus barhadensis (Ridgway). See Bond, Check-list ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 128, 1950.57448. Adult (sex not indicated). Barbados Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum register on June 27, 1869.Collected by A. Wildeboer.No. 57448 was the only specimen of this vireo from Barbados in themuseum collection in 1874, and therefore the only possible type.Vireosylvia grandior RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 178, Sept. 1, 1884.=Vireo altiloquus grandior (Ridgway). See Bond, Check-list of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 128, 1950.
518 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22197846. Adult male. Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea off Nica-ragua. Apr. 4r-9, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and WillardNye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Vireo swainsonii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xxxv(in list), 336, 1858.=Vireo gilvus swainsonii Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38: 299, 1932.5521. Adult male. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. May 1856.Collected by Emanuel Samuels. Original number 742 (not 747).5915. Adult (sex not indicated). Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash-ington. June 1855. Collected by James G. Cooper. PacificRailroad Survey, Line of the 47th Parallel.Baird observed that "all from the Pacific coast (five)" agreed in havingthe characters ascribed by him to V. swainsonii, but only four from thePacific Coast appear in his list of specimens. Of these, two, Nos. 6824 and6826 from Steilacoom, have long since vanished from the collection withouttrace. Of the two extant, No. 5521 is in better condition than No. 5915;apparently to this accident, rather than to any geographical or zoologicalconsideration, we owe the fact that No. 5521 has been considered the type,and Petaluma has become the restricted type locality.Vireo amauronotus Salvin and GodmanBiologia Centrali-Americana, Aves l:xvi (in list), 193, December1881.
=Vireo gilvus amauronotus Salvin and Godman. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 8: 152 (footnotes 3, 4), 1935; VanRossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9: 77-78, 1940.54262. Adult (sex not indicated). Orizaba, State of Veracruz, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on Mar. 18, 1869. Collected byA. L. Frangois Sumichrast.Vireo amauronotus strenuus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 268, July 1900.=Vireo gilvus strenuus Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 8: 152 (footnotes 3, 4), 153, 1935; Van Rossem, Trans. SanDiego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9: 77-78, 1940.143399. Adult female. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Nov.5, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3248. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Vireosylva josephae coslaricensis RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 107, Sept. 30, 1903.
=:Vireo gilvus chiriquensis (Bangs). See Helhnayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 152 (footnotes 3, 4), 153, 1935; Van Rossem, Trans.San. Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 9: 77-78, 1940.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 51941269. Adult male. Barranca (not San Jose), "on the edge of a smallstream of the same name to the north of the road to San Carlos, andon the slopes of the Volcan de Poas, and with an altitude of not lessthan 6,000 feet, probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mas.6: 335, 1910) , Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Sept. 30, 1865. Col-lected by Julian Carmiol. Original number 17.About 1870, this specimen entered the collection of Robert Ridgway, by
"exchange," and became his No. 1283. At the same time, its original labelwas removed and presumably destroyed, to be replaced by a private label.Ridgway's own register gives the locality, correctly, as Barranca, but on hislabel it inexplicably appears as "San Jose," and this erroneous proveniencewas copied into the original description of costaricensis !Genus HYLOPHILUS TemminckHylophilus auraniiifrons helvinus Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 8, May 21, 1956.
. Adult male. Campamento Petrolero (elev. 350 meters), nearBurgua, State of Tachira, Venezuela. Nov. 5, 1952. Collected byRamon Urbano. Deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose pri-vate collection it is No. 58965.Hylophilus flavipes xuthus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 85, July 8, 1957.461170. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean oflF the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 11, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20155.Hylophilus flavipes melleus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54 (46) : 208, Dec. 8, 1941.369860. Adult male. Serrania de Macuire (at elev. 1,000 feet), nearNazaret, Commisary of La Guajira, Colombia. May 7, 1941. Col-lected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Orig-inal number 11823.Hylophilus flavipes galbanus Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Jr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (1) : 9, May 21, 1956.
. Adult male. Bramon (elev. 1,200 meters). State of Tachira,Venezuela. Mar. 8, 1941. Collected by Ramon Urbano. Depositedby William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it is No. 11458.Hylophilus griseiceps Richmondin Robinson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18:678, Aug. 12, 1896.
=Hylophilus flavipes acuticaudus Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 175, 176, 1935.151741. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofSucre, Venezuela, July 3, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 401.50093ft?61 34
520 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Hylophilus ochraceiceps P. L. SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 27 (3) : 375, February 1860.
=Hylophilus ochraceiceps ochraceiceps Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 177, 1935.22375. Adult female, Mexico. Entered into the museum register onOct. 26, 1861. Received from the Maison Verreaux, Paris.Sclater had "two examples, obtained at Playa Vicente [State of Oaxaca]in April 1859, of different sexes . . . coloured alike." Since his descrip-tion fitted both, each specimen must be considered a cotype. The male wasretained by Sclater, and eventually entered the collection of the BritishMuseum (Natural History) ; our No. 22375, labeled as "type," is veryprobably the female cotype.Pachysylvia ochraceiceps pallidipeclus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 108, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Hylophilus ochraceiceps ochraceiceps Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 177, 178, 1935.47396. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Jan.(not July) 8, 1867. Collected by Julian Carmiol.This is another specimen that entered Ridgway's private museum, wasdeprived of its original label, and acquired (on Ridgway's private label) anerroneous collection date, which was later to be copied into the descriptionof pallidipeclus !Pachysylvia ochraceiceps brevipennis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (22) : 1, Sept. 7, 1911.Pachysylvia ochraceiceps nelsoni ToddProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 195, July 16, 1929.
=Hylophilus ochraceiceps nelsoni (Todd). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 178, 1935.229476. Adult male. Lion Hill, Panama Canal Zone. May 1, 1911. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 14686. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Todd's Pachysylvia ochraceiceps nelsoni is a new name for Nelson's brevi-pennis, preccupied by Helinai brevipennis Giraud, 1851= Hylophilus decur-tatus decurtatus (Bonaparte), and is based upon the same type specimen.Family DREPANIIDAE: Hawaiian Honey-creepersGenus LOXOPS CabanisHimatione parva StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 94, May 17, 1887.=Loxops parva (Stejneger). See Amadon, Bull. Amer, Mus. Nat. Hist.95: 165, 1950.110051. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 24, 1886. Col-lected by Valdemar Knudsen.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 521Oreomyza bairdi StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 99, July 2, 1887.=Loxops maculata bairdi (Stejneger). See Amadon, Bull. Amer. Mus.Nat. Hist. 95: 166, 1950.110049. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 24, 1886. Col-lected by Valdemar Knudsen.Oreomyza wilsoni StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 386, Mar. 8, 1890.=Loxops maculata bairdi (Stejneger). See Wilson and Evans, AvesHawaiienses, [p. 37, pi. 19,] 1891; Amadon, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.Hist. 95:166, 1950.116794. Adult (sex not indicated). Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands,Oceania. Entered into the museum register on July 22, 1889. Col-lected by Valdemar Knudsen.It should be noted that Loxops virens wilsoni (Rothschild), 1893 is ante-dated by Loxops ivilsoni (Stejneger) , 1890; the former must be called eitherLoxops virens kalaana (Wilson and Evans) , 1896 or L. v. chloridoides (Wil-son and Evans) , 1896.Family COEREBIDAE: Honey-creepersGenus DIGLOSSA WaglerDiglossa niyslacalis alblllnea ChapmanBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41 (5) : 331, Sept. 1, 1919.
^=Diglossa lafresnayii albilinea Chapman. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 227, 288, 1935.273005. Adult male. Cedrobamba (elev. 12,000 feet) , near Machu Picchu,Department of Cuzco, Peru. May 26, 1915. Collected by EdmundHeller. Original number 120. Yale University-National GeographicSociety Peruvian Expedition (1914-1915).Genus IRIDOPIIANES RidgwayDacnis pulcherrima, y3. aureinucha RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 484, May? 1879.
=Iridophanes pulcherrima aureinucha (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 8: 251, 1935.81801. Adult male. Ecuador. 1878? Collected by Bernardo Thiel.Received from Robert Ridgway, who acquired it from Jose C. Zeledon.Genus CYANERPES OberliolserCyanerpes cyaneus gemmeus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 209, Dec. 8, 1941.369976. Adult male. Serrania de Macuire (at elev. 600 feet), nearNazaret, Commissary of La Guajira, Colombia. May 7, 1941. Col-
522 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221lected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Originalnumber 11844 (not 11814).Genus COEREBA VieiUotCerthiola Bairdii CabanisJoum. fur Orn. 13: 412 (not earlier than November) 1865 [=1866?].=Coereba flaveola bahamensis (Reichenbach). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 311, 312, 1935.10367. Adult male. Indian Key, Monroe County, Florida. Jan. 31, 1858.Collected by Gustavus Wiirdemann.Certhiola tricolor RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 178, Sept. 1, 1884.=Coereba flaveola tricolor (Ridgway) . See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 131, 1950.97844. Adult male. Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea off Nicaragua.Apr. 4-9, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and Willard Nye, Jr.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.97845. Immature male. Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea off Nica-ragua. Apr. 4?9, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedict and WillardNye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Coereba bananivora nectarea WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 118, Mar. 25, 1929.=Coereba flaveola nectarea Wetmore. See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 131, 1950.250608. Adult male. Tortuga (Tortue) Island, Caribbean Sea off thenorthern coast of the northwestern peninsula of Hispaniola. Feb. 1,1917. Collected by William L. Abbott.Certhiola flaveola. Var. portoricensis H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10:252 (not earlier than April) 1866.=Coereba flaveola portoricensis (Bryant). See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 130, 1950.36489. Adult (sex not indicated). Puerto Rico. Winter, 1864-1865.Collected by Robert Swift.36491. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 36489.39561. Adult (sex not indicated). "N. Side," Puerto Rico. Enteredinto the museum register on November 10, 1865. Collected by GeorgeLatimer.Bryant stated that he had "several specimens," and these three wereprobably among them. Other potential cotypes were Nos. 36490, 39560,39562, 39563, and 39564. Nos. 36490 and 39563 were sent, in December1885, to Francisco Ferrari-Perez ; the rest have vanished without trace.C[erthiola]. sancti-thomse RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 28, May 6, 1885.
=^Coereba flaveola sancti-thomae (Sundevall). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8 : 308, 1935.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 52381035. Adult male. Saint John Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1880. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 66.81036. Adult female. Saint John Island, Leeward Islands, CaribbeanSea. 1880. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 63.97852. Adult (sex not indicated). Saint Thomas Island, LeewardIslands, Caribbean Sea. January 17-24, 1884. Collected by James E.Benedict and Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-nussion.97853. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 97852.97854. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 97852.No. 97853 was made a lectotype by Ridgway long after the date of publi-cation of his sancti-thomae, and accordingly has no greater claim to type-ship than the four others here listed. It is possible that Nos. 36598 and39692, taken on Saint Thomas by Robert Swift, were also in the originalseries, but since their labels do not bear the words "sancti-thomae" inRidgway's hand, I refrain from including them among the cotypes.[Certhiola] frontalis Bairdin Ridgway, American Naturalist 7(10) : 612 [p. 11 in reprint],October 1873.=Coereba flaveola bartholemica (Sparrman). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 306, 307, 1935.37298. Adult (sex not indicated). Antigua Island, Leeward Islands,Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum register on Apr. 3, 1865.Collected by M. Galody.Baird had a series of three specimens with identical data, but the label ofNo. 37298 alone bears the word "Type" in his handwriting.Certhiola sundevalli RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 26, May 6, 1885.=Coereha flaveola bartholemica (Sparrman). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8 : 306, 307, 1935.79953. Adult (sex not indicated). Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe Island,Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum registeron May 3, 1880. Collected by Louis? Guesde.Certhiola finschi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 25, May 6, 1885.^=Coereba flaveola martinicana (Reichenbach). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 8: 305,306, 1935.90610. Adult male. "Dominica"rr:=Martinique Island or Saint LuciaIsland, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea. 1883. Received fromC. J. Maynard & Co., Boston.Certhiola atrata La\vrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 149 [p. 150 in separate], June1878.
=Coereba flaveola atrata (Lawrence). See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 129, 1950.
524 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22174095. Adult male. Foot of La Soufriere, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Oct. 30, 1877. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 419.74094. Adult female. Foot of La Soufriere, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Oct. 30, 1877. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 417.Lawrence had four specimens, two of each sex, but only these two arenow in the collection; on the label of each one appears the word "Type,"in Lawrence's hand.Certliiola saccharina LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 150 [p. 151 in separate], June1878.
=Coereba flaveola atrata (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8:303,304, 1935.74092. Adult female? Saint Vincent Island, Windward Islands, Carib-bean Sea. February 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Orig-inal number 483.Lawrence had two cotypes, of which one. No. 74093, was a male with
"the plumage greatly soiled." This specimen cannot now be found in thecollection.[Certhiola] barbadensis Bairdin Ridgway, American Naturalist 7 (10) : 612 [p. 11 in reprint]October 1873.
=^Coereba flaveola barbadensis (Baird). See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 129, 1950.57437. Adult? (sex not indicated). Barbados Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum register on June 27, 1869.Collected by A. Wildeboer.57438. Immature (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 57437.57439. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 57437.57440. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 57437.The late Charles W. Richmond set aside No. 57439 as a lectotype, with aMS. note that reads as follows: "Baird usually wrote 'type' on the label, butorig.? label not on this bird. Exam, also nos. 57437-8 & 57440." Rich-mond went on to examine the three others, writing on each label: "one ofthe original skins." Not finding the word "type" on any one of these, hemust have assumed that it had appeared on the lost label of No. 57439,which accordingly became his lectotype.It should be supposed, however, that Baird had not written "type" onthe label of No. 57439, since this is just the one of the four that enteredRidgway's private collection by exchange. The lack of an original labelis due to this fact; the oldest label now attached to No. 57439 is Ridgway'sown.In the circumstances, all four are here listed as equivalent cotypes.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 525The new names in Certhiola published in the "American Naturalist"(7: 611-613, October 1873) and commonly accredited to Ridgway are, infact, Baird's. Genus ATELEODACNIS CaseinAteleodacnis margaritae HoltAuk48(4):570,Oct. 18, 1931.
==Ateleodacnis margaritae Holt. See Friedmann, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.97: 541, 1948.326560. Adult male. Ceo do Arary (north bank of the Rio Amazonas,above Parintins), State of Amazonas, Brazil. September 20, 1930.Collected by Ernest G. Holt, Robert E, R. Blake, and Charles T.Agostini. Original number 3703. National Geographic SocietyBrazil-Venezuela Expedition.Genus OREOMANES SclaterOreomanes binghami ChapmanBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41 (5) : 331, Sept. 1, 1919.=Oreomanes fraseri Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 8: 330, 1935.273004. Immature (not adult) female. Cedrobamba (elev. 12,000 feet)
,
near Machu Picchu, Department of Cuzco, Peru. June 13, 1915.Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number 174. Yale University-National Geographic Society Peruvian Expedition (1914-1915).Family PARULIDAE: Wood WarblersGenus LIMNOTHLYPIS StoneLimnothlypis swainsonii alia Meanley and BondProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 63 : 192, Dec. 29, 1950.362424. Adult male. Fifteen miles north of Walhalla, Oconee County,South Carolina. June 25, 1940, Collected by Watson M. Perrygoand J. Southgate Y. Hoyt. Original number 4681.Sylvia swainsonii AudubonBirds of America (folio) 2 (40) : pi. 198, June? 1834.
=Limnothlypis swainsonii swainsonii (Audubon), fide Deignan (MS.).2901. Adult (sex not indicated). "Near the banks of the Edisto River"{fide Audubon, Ornithological biography 2:564, 1834), CharlestonCounty, South Carolina. "Spring of 1832" [fide Audubon, ibid.).Collected by John Bachman. Received from Spencer F. Baird, whoacquired it from John J. Audubon?Baird's label does not show the letter "N" that distinguished his Audu-bonian specimens, but since No. 2901 came to him with a number of otherskins definitely acquired from Audubon, it may be assumed that the letterwas omitted by an oversight.
526 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus VERMIVORA SwainsonSylvia Bachmanii AudubonBirds of America (folio) 2 (37) : pi. 185, 1833.=Vermivora bachmanii (Audubon). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 338, 1935.2903. Adult male. Near Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina.Summer of 1833 {fide Audubon, Ornithological biography 2: 483,1834) . Collected by John Bachman. Received from Spencer F. Baird,who acquired it from John J. Audubon.[Helminthophaga celata] var. lutescens RidgwayAmerican Journal of Science and Arts (3) 4 (24) : 457 (footnote),December 1872.
=Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 341, 1935.58410. Adult male. Fort Kenai (at the mouth of the Kenai River),Kenai Peninsula, southern Alaska. May 26, 1869. Collected by Ferdi-nand Bischoff. Collins Overland Telegraph Company Expedition.58411. Adult male. Fort Kenai, Alaska. May 22, 1869. Collected byFerdinand Bischoff. Collins Overland Telegraph Company Expedition.58412. Adult male. Fort Kenai, Alaska. May 26, 1869. Collected byFerdinand Bischoff. Collins Overland Telegraph Company Expedition.Ridgway, at the first incomplete description of lutescens, referred to noparticular skins, but gave the range as "Pacific Coast, from Radiak [sic] toCape San Lucas." In the formal description (Amer. Naturalist 7:606,October 1873), he described male, female, and young of the year, but againleft us in doubt as to the proveniences and even the number of birds in hisseries. No. 58410 was long afterward set aside, probably by Richmond, asa lectotype, but this action represented in fact merely a restriction of typelocality, and I list here accordingly the three out of four cotypes from therestricted type locality still in the museum. No. 58413, a male, seems tohave vanished without trace. No. 58412 at some time became part ofRidgway's private collection, suffered the loss of its original label, andcarries, in Ridgway's hand, the erroneous date "May 24."Helminthophila celata sordida C. H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 139, Sept. 9, 1890.=Vermivora celata sordida (Townsend). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 299, 1932.117606. Adult male. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. January 25, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish Commission.Vermivora celata oreslera OberholserAuk 22 (3): 243, July 1905.186782. Adult male. Willis, San Miguel County, New Mexico. July 16,1903. Collected by Vernon 0. Bailey. Original number 1007. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 527[Helminthophaga celata] var. obscura Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 1 : 192(in key) , 202, pi. xi, fig. 6, January 1874.
=^Vermivora celata celata (Say). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 340, 1935.12852. Immature (sex not indicated) . Georgia. Entered into the museumregister on Oct. 10, 1859. Collected by H. A. Ward. Received fromJohn Akhurst, a dealer in New York.54882. Immature (sex not indicated). Enterprise, Volusia County,Florida, Feb. 18, 1869. Collected by George A. Boardman.Ridgway named no specimen as type, but referred to "several in thecollection . . . from the South Atlantic States (Florida, Georgia, etc.)."Apparently at an early date, he wrote "Type of var. obscura, Ridgway" onthe label of each of the two listed above.[Helminthophaga ruficapilla] var. gutturalis Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 1 : 191(in key), January 1874.Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi Van RossemProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 42: 179, June 25, 1929.=Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi Van Rossem. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 343, 1935.10656. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Entered intothe museum register between July 30 and Oct. 25, 1858. Collected byJohn Xantus.53354. Adult male. "Secret Valley" ("a small park nestled among highhills, with the East Humboldt Mountains proper on the west, and theequally lofty portion of that range known as the 'Clover Mountains' tothe eastward," fide Ridgway, in King, Report of the geological explora-tion of the fortieth parallel 4 [3] : 363, 1877) , Pershing County, Nevada.Sept. 6, 1868. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 901.U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.The label of No. 53354 bears, in Ridgway's hand, the words "Type of var.gutturalis, Ridgw.," evidently written at an early date. This notation doesnot appear on the label of No. 10656, which, however, is currently a dis-mounted bird lacking its original label, and, moreover, has the throat sodistended as not to show the essential character of Ridgway's description("yellow of throat restricted to a medial stripe, leaving its sides ashy").Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi Van Rossem is a new name, based uponthe same type specimens, for ^Helminthophaga ruficapilla^ var. gutturalisRidgway, preoccupied Avithin the genus Vermivora by Compsothlypis gut-turalis Cabanis, 1860.[Helminthophaga ruficapilla] var. ocularis Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 1:191(in key), January 1874.
528 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Vermivora ruficapilla ruficapilla (Wilson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 342, 1935.35030. Adult (sex not indicated). Chicago, Cook County, Illinois. June1864. Collected by Robert Kennicott. Received from the ChicagoAcademy of Sciences.Ridgway based this race upon "Chicago specimens," and wrote "Type ofvar. ocularis, Ridgway" on the label of the sole Chicago-taken skin thatseems ever to have been in the Washington collection. One may suppose,however, that he had borrowed material from the Chicago Academy ofSciences, from which this skin had been obtained in 1864, and that our birdwas therefore only a cotype; it is doubtful, nevertheless, whether any otherof the original series has survived to this day.Helminthophaga virginiae Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Birds of North America, atlas, p. xi,pi. 79, fig. 1, 1860.=Vermivora virginiae (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 343, 1935.10719. Adult male. Cantonment Burgwyn, Taos County, New Mexico.Autumn of 1858. Collected by William W. Anderson.Helminthophaga luciae CooperProc. California Acad. Nat. Sci. 2:120 (not earlier than July 7),1861.
=Vermivora luciae (Cooper). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 8:344, 1935.31892. Adult male. Fort Mojave, Mohave County, Arizona. Apr. 5,1861. Collected by James G. Cooper. Original number 179. Re-ceived from the Geological Survey of California.Cooper's name was established upon a series of five males and one female,but only No. 31892 came to Washington. Nothing is known to me of thefate of the remaining cotypes.Genus PARULA BonaparlcCompsothlypis americana ranialiiias RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2 : 486, Oct. 16, 1902.=Parula americana (Linnaeus). See Parkes, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 33:165-166, 1954.152380. Adult male. "Gallaghers," near San Antonio, Bexar County,Texas, June 10, 1890. Collected by Henry P. Attwater. Originalnumber 106.Ridgway had no less than 26 males and 3 females before him when henamed ramalinae, and failed to designate any one of them as the type. No.152380, however, was found by me in the general collection in 1941, carry-ing only Attwater's original label, upon which Ridgway had written, prob-ably in 1902, "Type of Compsothlypis americana/ramalinae Ridgway."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 529Parula iiigrilora Couesin Sennett, Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 4(1): 11, Feb. 5,1878.^Parula pitiayumi nigrilora (Coues) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 349, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.73698. Adult male. Hidalgo, Hidalgo County, Texas. Apr. 20, 1877.Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 248.73699. Adult male. Hidalgo, Hidalgo County, Texas. May 3, 1877.Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 343.73700. Adult male. Hidalgo, Hidalgo County, Texas. May 8, 1877.Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 396.This race was based upon five adult males, two of which were doubtlessreturned to Sennett and are presumably now in the American Museum ofNatural History.No. 73698 carries no fewer than four labels, each of which proclaims, inthe hand of Coues, Ridgway, or Richmond, that it is the type, while no suchnotation appears on the labels of the two others. Its having been elevatedby Coues above its fellows is probably connected with the fact that No.73698 alone entered his private collection.No. 73700 may once have been similarly marked by Coues, but since itbecame for a time the property of Robert Ridgway, it now bears onlyRidgway-written labels.Parula insularis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3): 4, February-March 1871.=Parula pitiayumi insularis Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 350, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classifica-tion and Nomenclature, Auk 64:451, 1947.50796. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on Apr.24, 1868. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 90.C[onipsothlypis]. graysoni RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 492, September 1887.=Parula pitiayumi graysoni (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 350, 351, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classifi-cation and Nomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.50799. Adult (sex not indicated). Socorro Island, Revilla GigedoIslands, eastern Pacific Ocean off Mexico. Entered into the museumregister on Apr. 24, 1868. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Originalnumber 729.50800. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 50799.50802. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 50799.50803. Adult (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 50799.50804. Adult female. Same data as No. 50799.
530 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22158247. Adult (sex not indicated). Entered into the museum register inJuly 1869. Other data same as No. 50799.Lawrence based his Parula insularis upon a composite series from theTres Marias and Socorro Island, but stated that the type was No. 50796,from the Tres Marias. Ridgway, describing the race of Socorro Island,mentioned that he had the same material as had been examined by Lawrencein 1871, and this, according to Lawrence himself, was a series of eight, allexcept No. 50804 unsexed. The cotypes of Ridgway's graysoni must ac-cordingly be found among these eight.In addition to the skins listed above, Lawrence had Nos. 50798 and50801, which have vanished from the collection without trace. If their dis-appearance took place prior to September 1887, they can obviously not beconsidered part of Ridgway's original series, and therefore do not possesscotypeship.No. 50803 was at some time made the lectotype by Ridgway himself,probably during the writing of volume 2 of "Birds of North and MiddleAmerica" (published in 1902), but it is in fact only one of the cotypes.The labels of Nos. 50800, 50803, and 50804 carry the word "Type" inpencil, but this is in Lawrence's hand and has to do with the penciled words
"insularis, Lawr." on the opposite face. The original label of No. 50799may also have had these words, but the oldest label now attached to the skinis that of Robert Ridgway!Compsothlypis pitiayumi speciosa RidgwayAuk 19 (1) : 69, January 1902.=Parula pitiayumi speciosa (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8; 351, 352, 1935; A.O.U. Committee on Classi-fication and Nomenclature, Auk 64:451, 1947.177411. Adult male. Boquete (elev. 4,800 feet). Department ofChiriqui, Panama. Mar. 7, 1901. Collected by Wilmot W. Brown,Jr. Received from Outram Bangs, of whose private collection it onceformed part.Parula pitiayumi cirrha WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 88, July 8, 1957.461218. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 31, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20542.Genus PEUCEDRAMUS HenshawSylvia olivacea GiraudDescriptions of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 29,]pi. 7, fig. 2, 1841.Peucedramus taeniatus giraudi ZimmerAuk 65 (1) : 127, Jan. 19, 1948.?=Peucedramus taeniatus giraudi Zimmer. See Zimmer, Auk 65: 126-127, 1948.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 53147699. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Peucedramiu taeniatus giraudi Zimraer is a new name, based upon thesame type specimen, for Sylvia olivacea Giraud, preoccupied by Sylviaolivacea Vieillot, 1817.Peucedramus olivaceus aurantiacus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 441, May 21, 1896.=Peucedramus taeniatus taeniatus (Du Bus) . See Zimmer, Auk 65: 127,1948.30692 (not 30629). Adult male. Chilasco, Department of Baja Verapaz,Guatemala. January 1862. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 253. Received from Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuC.Godman. Genus DENDROICA G. R. GrayDendroica oestiva morcomi CoaleBull. Ridgway Om. Club 2: 82, April 1887.
=Dendroica petechia morcomi Coale. See Dickey and Van Rossem,The birds of El Salvador, p. 488, 1938; Aldrich, Auk 59:447-449,1942.10975. Adult male. Fort Bridger (Camp Scott), Uinta County, Wyo-ming (not Utah) . May 30, 1858. Collected by Constantin Drexler.Original number 506. South Pass Wagon Road Expedition.Dendroica dugesi CoaleBull. Ridgway Om. Club 2 : 83, April 1887.
=Dendroica petechia dugesi Coale. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8:367, 1935; Aldrich, Auk 59:447-449, 1942.105468. Adult (sex not indicated). Moro Leon, State of Guanajuato,Mexico. Entered into the museum register on September 8, 1885.Collected by Alfred Duges. Received from Alfred Duges.Dendroica petechia rufiverlex RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3:21 [p. 1, in extra], Feb. 26, 1885.102508. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 28, 1885. Collectedby James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Dendroica gundlachi BairdReview of American birds 1 : 194 (in key) , 197, April 1865.
=DeTidroica petechia gundlachi Baird. See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 138, 1950.34502. Adult female. Cuba. April 1864. Collected by Johannes C.Gundlach.34303. Adult male. Same data as No. 34502.
532 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22134504. Subadult male. Cuba. Entered into the museum register onOctober 14, 1864. Collected by Johannes C. Gundlach.34505. Immature female. Same data as No. 34504.A fifth cotype, "a young bird with much worn plumage belonging toDr. Gundlach's collection, the same as that referred to by Mr. Lawrence,"is not in Washington, but may have gone to the American Museum ofNatural History as one of the Lawrence Collection.Dendroica auricapilla "Towns., MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 572, Aug. 6, 1888.
=Dendroica petechia eoa (Gosse). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 368, 1935.111171. Adult male. Grand Cayman Island, Cayman Islands, CaribbeanSea south of Cuba. May 17, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Original number 1900.[Dendroeca petechia] e) jamaicensis SundevallOfversigt af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. 26 (6) : 608, 1869 or 1870.
=Dendroica petechia eoa (Gosse). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8: 368, 1935.22153. Adult male. Near Spanish Town, Saint Catherine Parish, Middle-sex County, Jamaica. Entered into the museum register on May 29,1861. Collected by William T. March.24353. Immature male? Near Spanish Town, Jamaica. Aug. 28, 1861.Collected by William T. March. Original number 202.Sundevall's name was based upon "Dendroica petechia" Baird (RevieAV ofAmerican birds 1: 194 [in key], 199, 1865), not Dendroica petechia (Lin-naeus), and its types must therefore be chosen from among Baird's series ofeight specimens. No one of these lay before Sundevall, but since he de-scribed only the fully adult male and the white-throated immature, all adultfemales are immediately to be removed from consideration. Of Baird'sfour males, but two can now be found, and of these only No. 22153 is fullyadult. Of his immatures, only No. 24353 is still in Washington ; No. 24352was sent in 1877 to the Mombusho Museum, Tokyo, and has long sincedisappeared.Dendroica petechia Solaris WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 81 (13) : 1, May 15, 1929.=Dendroica petechia alhicollis (Gmelin). See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 137, 1950.278738. Adult male, fitroites, lie de la Gonave (in the Gulf of Gonaives)
,
Republic of Haiti, Hispaniola. Mar. 18, 1920. Collected by WilliamL. Abbott.Dendroeca petechia, var. melanoptera LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 453, Apr. 30, 1879.=Dendroica petechia melanoptera Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 136, 1950.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 53376406. Adult male. Guadeloupe Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.September 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number830.76407. Adult female. Guadeloupe Island, Caribbean Sea. September1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 813.Lawrence had a series of seven specimens, but these are the two describedand marked by him as "Type."[Dendroeca petechia] c) barbadensis SundevallOfversigt af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. 26 (6) : 608, 1869 or 1870.
=Dendroica petechia petechia (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 376, 377, 1935.33766. Adult male. Barbados Island, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea.Entered into the museum register on June 6, 1864. Collected by Theo-dore N. Gill.Sundevall's name was based upon a specimen of golden warbler fromBarbados described by Baird (Review of American birds 1:202, 1865),and No. 33766 is the only possible type. It is a decolorized mummy, orig-inally preserved in alcohol.Dendroica rufopileala RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 173, Sept. 1, 1884.
=Dendroica petechia rufopileata Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 377, 1935.97930. Adult male. Curagao Island, Caribbean Sea off the State of Fal-con, Venezuela. Feb. 10-18, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedictand Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.97931. Adult female. Same data as No. 97930.Dendroica petechia chrysendela WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 52, Mar. 11, 1946.369925. Adult male. Laguna de Tucacas, Puerto Lopez, Commissary ofLa Guajira, Colombia. Apr. 23, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wet-more and Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 11561.Dendroica erihtachorides [sic] BairdRep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 283, 1858.Dendroica Vieilloti CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1860, p. 192 (not earlier thanMay 29), 1860.[Dendroeca petechia] i) panamensis? SundevallOfversigt af Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Forhandl. 26 (6) : 609, 1869 or 1870.
=Dendroica petechia erithachorides Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 382, 1935.10211. Adult (apparently male). Cartagena, Department of Bolivar,Colombia. Entered into the museum register on Apr. 27, 1858. Col-lected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 6. U.S. Survey ofthe Rio Atrato.
534 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22117899. Adult (apparently male). Cartagena, Department of Bolivar,Colombia. Entered into the museum register on July 23, 1860. Col-lected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 46. U.S. Survey ofthe Rio Atrato.The name erithachorides was not considered new by Baird; he simplyapplied a name of Feuillee's, cited by Vieillot, to a specimen from Cartagenathat seemed to agree with Feuillee's description. Feuillee's name was, how-ever, pre-Linnaean and thus without standing in zoological nomenclatureuntil Baird unwittingly validated it in 1858 for the bird of Colombia. Atthat date, only two examples of the race had been received at Washingtonfrom Schott, and only No. 10211 had "the entire head all round of a brown-ish orange"; therefore it alone can be considered the type of erithachoridesBaird.Feuillee's name was considered valid enough by Cassin, but since the latterfelt that it had been misapplied by Baird, he gave the bird of Cartagena thenew name Dendroica Vieilloti. He also described only the adult male, butby 1860 a second such specimen (No. 17899) had been received from Schottand immediately sent to Cassin in Philadelphia, even before it had beenentered into the museum register; Cassin thus had two cotypes when henamed Vieilloti.[Dendroeca petechia] i) panamensis? Sundevall seems to represent amerely capricious renaming of Dendroica Vieilloti Cassin, and therefore mustbe held to have the same two cotypes.Dendroica Vieillotii, var. Bryanli RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 7 (10) : 606, October 1873.=Dendroica petechia hryanti Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 379, 1935.39254. Adult (apparently male). Celestiin, State of Yucatan, Mexico.June 12, 1865. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number474. Comision Cientifica de Yucatan.74626. Adult male. Belize, British Honduras. 1866? Collected byChristopher D. Wood, for Karl H. Berendt. Original number 82.Received from Henry Bryant, in whose private collection it was No.590.80084. Adult male. BeUze, British Honduras. 1866? Collected (byChristopher D. Wood?) for Karl H. Berendt.177200. Adult male. Belize, British Honduras. 1866? Collected (byChristopher D. Wood?) for Karl H. Berendt.This name was based upon a series of males from "Mexico, from Hon-duras (Dr. Bryant) and Yucatan (Dr. Schott) to Mazatlan (Col. Grayson),"and no specimen was mentioned as the type. Grayson's birds from Sinaloanow belong with the race castaneiceps and need no further considerationhere.The possible cotypes of true bryanti are Nos. 39254, 39255, 39256, 44826,74626, 80084, and 177200.
TYPE SPECEMENS OF BIRDS 535No. 39255, from Sisal, Yucatan, was sent on May 13, 1870, to JoseSalazar Llarregui; No. 39256, from Progreso, Yucatan, has vanished with-out trace. It is possible that both were females, in which case they couldnot be classed as cotypes.No. 44826 cannot now be found, but may have been reentered as No.80084 or No. 177200! Its original number was 82, and this number ap-pears upon the oldest label of No. 74626, but Wood seems to have used acommon number for all skins of the same species, and the presence of "82"thus loses some of its importance.No. 74626 was, at the time of Ridgway's description, the property ofHeniy Bryant, from whom it was borrowed by Ridgway. It did not be-come part of our collection until August 1878, in the course of distributionof the Bryant Collection among various institutions.No. 80084 at some time entered Ridgway's private collection and had itsoriginal label replaced by one of Ridgway's own, with only partial datatranscribed onto it.No. 177200 suffered a similar fate at the hands of Henry W. Henshaw(in whose collection it became No. 3149)
.
[D(endroica). bryanti] p. caslaneiceps RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 350, Sept. 17, 1885.
=Dendroica petechia caslaneiceps Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 380, 1935.89940. Adult male. La Paz, State of Baja California, Mexico. December16, 1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.S[ylvia]. Auduboni J. K. TownsendJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 191, 1837.=Dendroica auduboni auduboni (Townsend). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 390, 1935.2909. Adult male. "Forests of the Columbia River"=near Fort Van-couver, Clarke County, Washington. May 31, 1835. Collected byJohn K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquiredit from John J. Audubon.Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1899, p. 14, 1899) statesthat the type of Slylvia], Auduboni Townsend is No. 23826 in the Academy'scollection, but mentions that three of Townsend's specimens are in Wash-ington. Later (Auk 38:487-488, 1921), Stone vehemently reiterates theAcademy's claim to holding the only type. In fact, however, Townsend'sname was based upon more than one specimen (both sexes are described!),and there is thus a possibility that one or more skins in Washington maybe cotypes.Each of the Washington birds has a date on its label. Two of themwere taken in 1836 and therefore cannot have been transported to Phila-delphia by Nuttall, who, fide Stone, left Townsend in October 1835. Thethird, however, was collected on May 31, 1835, and was almost certainlyone of the original series and thus a cotype. No. 2909 is, in short, one500930?61 35
536 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
of the "duplicate specimens," mentioned by Stone, purchased by Audubonafter the formal description of Townsend's discoveries.Dendroica auduboni memorabilis OberholserOhio Journ. Sci. 21 (7) : 243, May 1921.137415. Adult male. Ward, Boulder County, Colorado. June 12, 1893.Collected by John A. Loring. Original number 55. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dendroica goldniani NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 66, January 1897.=Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Brewster? See Griscom, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 64: 331, 1932.143169. Adult male. Hacienda "Chancol," Department of Huehuete-nango, Guatemala. Jan. 4, 1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelsonand Edward A. Goldman. Original number 3341. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.S[ylvia]. nigrescens J. K. TownsendJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 191, 1837.
=Dendroica nigrescens (Townsend). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 392, 1935.1908. Adult male. "Columbia River"=vicinity of Fort William(formerly on Sauvie's Island), Multnomah County, Oregon. June 16,1835. Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F.Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.2915. Adult male. "Columbia River"=vicinity of Fort William,Multnomah County, Oregon. May 14, 1835. Collected by John K.Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it fromJohn J. Audubon.Sylvia halseii GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 11,]
? pi. 3, fig. 1, 1841.=Dendroica nigrescens (Townsend). See Behle, Bull. Univ. Utah34 (2) : 65, 1943.47697. Immature (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Receivedfrom Jacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275)
.
S[ylvia]. Townsendi "(Nuttall.)" TownsendJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 191, 1837.=Dendroica toivnsendi (Townsend). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8:392, 1935.2918. Adult male. "Shady forests of the Columbia River"= Fort Van-couver, Clarke County, Washington. Oct. 28, 1835. Collected byJohn K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired itfrom John J. Audubon.The date for this skin is derived from the oldest label, written byAudubon, and if it be correct, one may doubt whether No. 2918 is the type.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 537According to Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1899, pp. 12, 13,1899) : "Nuttall returned in October, 1835, via Hawaii and Califor-nia .... Townsend . . . apparently sent home by Nuttall all the speci-mens he had obtained up to the date of his departure, as the collection wasin Philadelphia in 1836." But Townsend himself (Narrative of a journeyacross the Rocky Mountains, p. 233, 1839) has stated that Nuttall left hima few days prior to Oct. 1, 1835. He could not, then, have brought toPhiladelphia a bird collected four weeks later.Audubon, however, was often inexact even as to the dates of his ownactivities, and Stone may have been mistaken in supposing that all of thebirds named by Townsend in 1837 were transported to Philadelphia byNuttall (as he was mistaken in the date of Nuttall's parting from Town-send). In the circumstances, No. 2918 may continue to hold the roleassigned it by museum tradition.Dendrceca niveiventris SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1863 (2) : 187, pi. 24, fig. 2, August 1863.
=^Dendroica occidentalis (Townsend) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 395, 1935.30681. Adult male. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala. December 1861.Collected by Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuC. Godman. Originalnumber 232. Received from Osbert Salvin.This name was established upon a series of three cotypes from Guatemala,two of which are presumably now in the British Museum (Natural History)
.
The label of our bird was marked, by Salvin, "Type Specimen," but thesmall amount of nigrescence on its nape shows that it cannot have beenthe model for the colored plate.Dendroica Dominica, var. albilora "Baird" RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 7 (10) : 606, October 1873.=Dendroica dominica albilora Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8 : 399, 1935.61136. Adult "female" (apparently male). Belize, British Honduras.1866? Collected by Christopher D. Wood, for Karl H. Berendt.Original number 24. Received from Henry Bryant, in whose privatecollection it was No. 518.7701. Adult female. Rockport, Cuyahoga County, Ohio. May 10, 1849.Collected by Jared P. Kirtland.Ridgway had a series of unstated length, which might now be impossibleto reconstruct. No. 61136 was, fortunately, specifically mentioned as atypical specimen, and, on the label of No. 7701, the author wrote " $ ad.Type."No. 61136 reached us in 1870, in the course of distribution of the BryantCollection. It may be noted that its history has been similar to that ofNo. 74626, a cotype of Dendroica Vieillotii, var. Bryanti Ridgway. I have,up to now, been unsuccessful in tracing the relationships that existed betweenBryant, Berendt, and the Smithsonian Institution.
538 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dendroica graciae "Coues, mss." BairdReview of American birds 1 : 210, April 1865.=Dendroica graciae graciae Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 400, 1935.444024=36988 reentered. Adult male. Fort Whipple (near Prescott),Yavapai County, Arizona. August 11, 1864. Collected by ElliottCoues. Original number 534.Although Hellmayr {loc. cit.) stated in 1935 that the type of Dendroicagracice Baird was in the collection of the U.S. National Museum, it was infact sent in 1872 to Charles J. Maynard and was wholly lost to sight until1951, when Mr. Paul W. Schwalbe, of the West Chester State TeachersCollege, Gradyville, Pennsylvania, rediscovered it in a collection, formerlythe property of Benjamin H. Warren, now deposited at the college. Throughthe courteous cooperation of the college authorities, it was returned toWashington and was entered into the museum register under the newnumber 444024. How and when the bird left the possession of Maynardfor that of Warren can perhaps never now be learned.The ink on the oldest label is now much faded, but the script on a morerecent one is still perfectly legible. The data thereon transcribed, perhapsby Maynard's hand, are not quite exact: the name "Coues" is at one placemisspelled "Couse"; the place name "Prescott" appears as "Briscon"; andthe date is erroneously given as "Aug. 1, 1864."Dendroica Graciae, var. decora RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 7 (10) : 608, October 1873.=Dendroica graciae decora Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8:400, 1935.41808. Adult male. Belize, British Honduras. 1866. Collected byChristopher D. Wood. Received from John Cassin.Dendroica adelaidse BairdReview of American birds 1:212, April 1865.
=Dendroica adelaidae adelaidae Baird. See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 142, 1950.36486. Adult (sex not indicated). Puerto Rico. Winter, 1864-1865.Collected by Robert Swift.Dendroica subita RileySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 47 [Quarterly Issue 2] (2) : 289, Nov. 9, 1904.=Dendroica adelaidae subita Riley. See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 142, 1950.191301. Adult male. Barbuda Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.Sept. 19, 1903. Collected by H. G. Selwyn Branch.Dendroeca adelaidae delicata RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5:525, Apr. 3, 1883.=Dendroica adelaidae delicata Ridgway. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 142, 1950.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 53980909. Adult (sex not indicated) . Saint Lucia Island, Windward Islands,Caribbean Sea. Entered into the museum register on Oct. 23, 1880.Collected by Frederick A. Ober.Dendroica striata lurida Burleigh and PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61:119, June 16, 1945.231288. Adult male. Nushagak (on Nushagak Bay), southwesternAlaska. June 13, 1911. Collected by G. Dallas Hanna. Originalnumber 96. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Dendroica vigorsii abacoensis RidgewayAuk 19 (1) : 69, January 1902.=Dendroica pinus achrustera Bangs. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8:406, 1935,108479. Adult male. Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Apr. 1, 1886.Collected by Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission.Sylvicola kirtlandii BairdAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 5:217, pi. 6 (not earlier than June),1852.
=Dendroica kirtlandii (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8:407, 1935.4363=3736 reentered. Subadult male. Near Cleveland, CuyahogaCounty, Ohio. May 13, 1851. Collected by Charles Pease. Receivedfrom Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from Jared P. Kirtland.Among the MS. notes of the late Charles W. Richmond are found the fol-lowing remarks on this type
:
"Presented by Kirtland to Baird, who says 'killed by Dr. Kirtland, nearCleveland, Ohio, May, 1851, and prepared by myself (Baird was in Cleve-land at the time) . Baird in same place lists the bird as collected 'May 13,
'51'. (Rev. Am. Birds, 1865, p. 207.)
"The bird was first catalogued in our colln. in 1852 as no. 3736, and dateis given as May 12, 1851. In orig. descr. Baird writes 'This species, whichwas shot near Cleveland, Ohio, by Mr. Charles Pease, May 13, 1851' (Ann.Lye. N. H. New York, V, 1852, p. 217. The upper mandible has beenbroken since the orig. desc. was made.
"As originally catal., the type is listed as received from Kirtland, but thiswas probably an instance where Baird catal. a bird in advance of its receipt(as I know he did in some other cases). In the meantime Kirtland gavethe bird to Baird, who turned it over to the Smithsonian and it was againcatalogued, this time in 1855, under the number 4363 (the number underwhich it has been referred to in print), where the date is given as May 1851and it is credited as rec'd from Baird & collected by Kirtland. On the orig.label Baird has indicated the date as 'May 1851' with the date '13' insertedlater. I think Baird's date, May 13, is likely to be correct."
540 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Dendroica discolor paludicola A. H. HowellAuk 47 (1):41, Jan. 2, 1930.261961. Adult female. Anclote Keys, Pasco County, Florida. May 22,1918. Collected by Charles H. M. Barrett. Original number 52.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[Dendroeca palniaruni] subspecies hypochrysea RidgwayBull. Nuttall Om. Club 1 (4) : 84, 85, November 1876.=Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8:412, 1935.83036. Adult male. Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. Col-lected by William Brewster. Received from Robert Ridgway (in whoseprivate collection it was No. 2164), who acquired it from WilliamBrewster.83037=63155 reentered. Adult female. Cambridge, Middlesex County,Massachusetts. Apr. 27, 1872. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw.26929. Adult female. Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. June 18-(entered into the museum register on Mar. 2, 1863). Collected byW. G. Winton (or Winston). Original number 1.83038. Adult (sex not indicated), Washington, District of Columbia.Oct. 10, 1861. Collected by Elliott Coues. Received from RobertRidgway (in whose private collection it was No. 2567), who acquiredit from Elliott Coues.783. Adult male. Carlisle, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. Oct. 7,1842. Collected by Spencer F. Baird, of whose private collection itonce formed part.59811. Adult (sex not indicated). Hibernia, Clay County, Florida.February 1870. Collected by George A. Boardman. Original num-ber 208.83035. Immature (sex not indicated). Saint Croix River, eastern Maine.July 20, 1874. Collected by George A. Boardman. Received fromRobert Ridgway (in whose private collection it was No. 2807), whoacquired it from George A. Boardman.No. 63155 entered Ridgway's private collection, had its original labelremoved, and when returned to the museum in July 1881 received the newnumber 83037.Dendroeca plunibea LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (1-2) : 47 [p. 2 in separate], December1877.
^=Dendroica plumbea Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 146, 1950.77805. Adult male. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 66.77807. Adult female. Dominica Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.1877. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 142.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 541Lawrence had a series of eleven skins, at least four of which came fromDominica, inferentially made the restricted type locality by Brodkorb (Proc.Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 3, 1931). These two, each marked by him as
"Type," are the ones from which Lawrence's descriptions were drawn.Genus CATHAROPEZA SclaterLeucopeza Bishopi LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5) : 150 [p. 151, in separate], June 1878.
=Catharopeza bishopi (Lawrence). See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 146, 1950.74099. Adult male. Windward side of La Soufriere, Saint VincentIsland, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Nov. 5, 1877. Collectedby Frederick A. Ober. Original number 434.74098. Adult female. "Mountain-tops, Carabries," Saint Vincent Island,Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea. February 1878. Collected byFrederick A. Ober. Original number 460.Lawrence had four specimens, but Nos. 74100 and 74101 have vanishedfrom the collection without trace. Each of the two here listed bears on itslabel the word "Type," in Lawrence's hand.Genus SEIURUS SwainsonSeiurus aurocapillus canivirens Burleigh and DuvallWilson Bull. 64 (1) : 39, Mar. 15, 1952.342053. Adult male. Margret, Fannin County, Georgia. July 5, 1929.Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 476. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Seiurus noveboracensis uliginosus Burleigh and H. S. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 120, June 16, 1948.381382. Adult male. Topsail (about lat. 47?30' N., long. 53?0r W.),Saint John's District, Province of Newfoundland, Canada. June 22,1945. Collected by Harold S. Peters and Thomas D. Burleigh. Origi-nal number 830. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Siurus naevius notabilis, "Grinnell, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 3: 12, April? 1880.
==Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 418, 1935.370456. Adult (sex not indicated). Como, Carbon County ^not "BlackHills"), Wyoming. May 10, 1878. Collected by Samuel W. Willis-ton. Received from George B. Grinnell (of whose private collection itonce formed part)
.
This specimen, deposited in Washington by Grinnell on Sept. 12, 1900,was not entered into the museum register until Jan. 21, 1942.
542 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus OPORORNIS BairdSylvia Tolmiei J. K. TownsendNarrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, appendix, p. 343,April 1839.Sylvia Macgillivrayi AudubonOrnithological biography 5: 75 (not earlier than May 1), 1839.
=Oporornis tolmiei tolmiei (Townsend). See Phillips, Auk 64:297,1947.1861. Adult male. "Columbia River"=Fort Vancouver, Clarke County,Washington. May 4, 1836. Collected by John K. Townsend. Re-ceived from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from Edward Harris,who in turn presumably got it from John J. Audubon.1910. Adult male. "Columbia River"=Fort Vancouver, Clarke County,Washington. May 1835. Collected by John K. Townsend. Receivedfrom Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.2907. Adult (not immature) male. Same data as No. 1910.Other cotypes, with similar data, are a male in the Museum of Compara-tive Zoology, where it is No. 35008, and a bird in the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia, where it is No. 23765.All of these are cotypes equally of Townsend's and Audubon's names.Oporornis tolmiei austinsmitiii A. R. PhillipsAuk 64 (2) : 298, Apr. 14, 1947.268434. Adult male. Emigrant Gulch (elev. 6,500 feet), three milessoutheast of Chico, Park County, Montana. July 13, 1917. Collectedby Marcus A. Hanna. Original number 172. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Gemts MICROLIGEA CoryMicroligea palustris vasta Wetmore and LincolnProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 121, Oct. 17, 1931.327859. Adult male. Beata Island, Caribbean Sea (just west of thesouthernmost point of Hispaniola). May 13, 1931. Collected byAlexander Wetmore and Frederick C. Lincoln. Original number 8741.Genus GEOTHLYPIS CaLanisGeothlypis trichas quebecicola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus), p. 1, Jan.20, 1948. (Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.)190300. Adult male. Balena, Province of Newfoundland, Canada.June 6, 1903. Collected by William Palmer.Geothlypis trichas ontarionicola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus), p. 1, Jan.20, 194S. (Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.)
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 543299083. Adult male. Fox Lake (5 miles south of Saint James), BeaverIsland, Charlevoix County, Michigan. July 23, 1925. Collected byFrederick C. Lincoln. Original number 3433. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Geothlypis trichas minnesoticola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis tricJias (Linnaeus), p. 2, Jan.20, 1948. (Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.)303938. Adult male. Saint Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. July 29,1931. Collected by John C. Jones. Original number 245. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Geothlypis trichas alberticola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus), p. 2, Jan.20, 1948. ( Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.
)
283096. Adult male. Main branch of the Athabaska River (9 milesabove its mouth in the Athabaska Delta), Athabaska Electoral District,Province of Alberta, Canada. June 13, 1920. Collected by FrancisHarper. Original number 160. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Geothlypis trichas arizela OberholserAuk 16 (3) : 257, July 1899.7918. Adult male. Fort Steilacoom, Pierce County, Washington.May 13, 1856. Collected by George Suckley. Original number 383.Geothlypis trichas californicola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus), p. 4, Jan.20, 1948. (Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.)137178. Adult male. "Carberry's Ranch" (south of the Pit River, abouthalfway between Redding and Cassel, fide Aldrich [ms.]), ShastaCounty, California. May 22, 1894. Collected by Clark P. Streator.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Geothlypis trichas utahicola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus), p. 3, Jan.20, 1948. (Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.)137183. Adult male. Fairfield, Utah County, Utah. June 26, 1890.Collected by Vernon 0. Bailey. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife service.Geothlypis trichas arizonicola OberholserDescriptions of new races of Geothlypis trichas (Linnaeus), p. 4, Jan.20, 1948. (Cleveland, Ohio, published by the author.)235880. Adult male. Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona. May 5,1888. Collected by Edgar A. Meams. Original number 6326.Geothlypis trichas typhicola BurleighProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 47: 21, Feb. 9, 1934.301459. Aduh male. "Oconee River Swamp," Athens, Clark County,Georgia. May 11, 1930. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Origi-nal number 896. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
544 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Geothlypis trichas modestus NelsonAuk 17 (3): 269, July 1900.
=Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 431, 1935.157204. Adult male. San Bias, State of Nayarit, Mexico. June 12,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 4481. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Geothlypis melanops BairdReview of American birds 1 : 219 (in key) , 222, April 1865.
=Geothlypis trichas melanops Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 431, 1935.26372. Adult male. (Probably Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz) Mexico.Entered into the museum register in January 1863. Received fromJohn Krider.This was one of a set of 15 birds received simultaneously from Krider;7 had as provenience "Mexico," 7 "Xalapa," and 1 "Xalapa?."Geothlypis beldingi goldinani OberholserCondor 19(6) : 183, Dec. 7, 1917.
=Geothlypis beldingi Ridgway. See Behle, Condor 52:214-215, 1950.196026. Adult male. San Ignacio (lat. 27?17' N.), State of Baja Cal-ifornia, Mexico. Oct. 7, 1905. Collected by Edward W. Nelson andEdward A. Goldman. Original number 11766. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Geothlypis beldingi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 344, Sept. 11, 1882.87685. Adult male. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico.Entered into the museum register on June 27, 1882. Collected byLyman Belding.87686. Adult female. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mex-ico. Entered into the museum register on June 27, 1882. Collected byLyman Belding.Each of these specimens was marked by Ridgway as "Type."Geothlypis flavovelatus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 119, Apr. 15, 1896.
=Geothlypis flavoveUzta Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8 : 433, 1935.135180. Adult male. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Dec. 5,1894. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong.Geothlypis flaviceps NelsonAuk 16(1): 31, January 1899.
=Geothlypis flavovelata Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of Birds ofthe Americas 8:433 (footnote 1), 1935.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 545158741. Adull male, Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Apr. 20,1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 5254. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Geothlypis chapaleiisis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 156, Nov. 30, 1903.186409. Adult male. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. June 26, 1903.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 10277. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Geothlypis tanneri RidgwayAuk 3(3): 335, July 1886.
=Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Ridgway. See Todd, Auk 28:250, 1911.108493 (not 108402). Adult male. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Is-lands. Apr. 3, 1886. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.Geothlypis incompta RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 677, Oct. 16, 1902.
=Geothlypis rostrata tanneri Ridgway. See Todd, Auk 28:250, 251,1911.108495. Adult male. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Apr. 6,1886. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Geothlypis rostratus H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 67, text-fig. (not earlier than April)1867.
=Geothlypis rostrata rostrata Bryant. See Todd, Auk 28: 247, 1911.54923. Adult male. New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. Collectedby Henry Bryant.This bird became part of our collection in April 1869, apparently as agift from Bryant, but was obviously collected a number of years earlier.Of the original three male cotypes, another is now No. 73316 in theMuseum of Comparative Zoology ; the third is apparently lost without trace.Geothlypis coryi RidgwayAuk 3 (3): 334, July 1886.
=Geothlypis rostrata coryi Ridgway. See Todd, Auk 28: 252, 1911.107876. Adult male. Eleuthera Island, Bahama Islands. March 12,1886. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Sylvia Delafieldii AudubonOrnithological biography 5: 307, 308, 1839.
=Geothlypis aequinoctialls aequinoctialis (Gmelin) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 8 : 438, 1935.2905. Adult male. "California." Collected by "John K. Townsend."Received from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.
546 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
It is doubtless now impossible ever to trace the true history of this speci-men of a South American form. See Grinnel, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38:322, 1932.Geothlypis bairdi "Nutting" Ridgwayin Nutting, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 398, Apr. 26, 1884.
=Geothlypis semlflava bairdi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 441, 1935.91150. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan,about 30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Departmentof Chontales, Nicaragua. May 15, 1883. Collected by Charles C.Nutting. Original number 935.91151. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos," Department of Chontales,Nicaragua. May 2, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Originalnumber 828.91152. Adult female. Hacienda "Los Sabalos," Department of Chon-tales, Nicaragua. May 14, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting.Original number 928.Geothlypis speciosa P. L. SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 26: 447, January-May 1859.89906. Subadult male. Mexico. 1858. Collected by Henri L. F. deSaussure. Received from Philip L. Sclater (in whose private collec-tion it was No. 169b), who acquired it from the Museum d'HistoireNaturelle, Geneva.Sclater had three cotypes, "an adult male, a young male, and a female."The two adults are now in the collection of the British Museum (NaturalHistory).Geolhlypis nelsoni microrhyncha RidgwayBirds of Middle and North America 2 : 685, Oct. 16, 1902.143333. Adult male. Real del Monte, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. March13, 1891. Collected by Clark P. Streator. Received from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service.Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 692, Feb. 5, 1894.129348. Adult male. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, May 4,1893. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong. Received from William L.Ralph.Geothlypis poliocephala BairdReview of American birds 1: 220 (in key), 225, April 1865.
=Geothlypis poliocephala poliocephala Baird. See Wetmore, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 95 : 72, 1944; Miller, Auk 36: 290-291, 1919.34017. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. June 14, 1862.Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 16.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 547Cliamaetlilypls poliocepbala pontilis BrodkorbJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33(2) : 33, Feb. 18, 1943.
=Geothlypis poliocephala pontilis (Brodkorb) ? See Wetmore, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 95: 72-73, 1944; Miller, Auk 36: 290-291, 1919.186396. Adult male. Puente de Ixtla, State of Morelos, Mexico. June8, 1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 10144. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.G[eothIypis (Chamaethlypis) ]. palpebralis RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 526, September 1887.= Geothlypis poliocephala palpebralis Ridgway. See Wetmore, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 95: 73, 1944; Miller, Auk 36: 290-291, 1919.44743. Adult male. Hacienda "Mirador" (near Huatusco, west of Vera-cruz), State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Aug. 24, 18- (entered into themuseum register on Dec. 4, 1866) . Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius.Original number 307.Ridgway had specimens from "Eastern Mexico (Mirador, etc.)" andfrom "Yucatan (Merida)." Wetmore {loc. cit.) , restricting the namepalpebralis to the population of Vera Cruz, points out that those of Cam-peche and Yucatan probably represent a distinct form. Ridgway's birdsfrom Merida may therefore no longer properly be considered cotypes. Ifind in the museum only one of the skins from Vera Cruz examined byRidgway.No. 44743 at some time entered Ridgway's private collection and carrieshis label, as well as Sartorius's original one.[G(eothlypis). poliocephala] p. caninucha RidgwayAmerican Journal of Science and Arts (3)4(24) : 459, December1872.
=Geothlypis poliocephala caninucha Ridgway. See Wetmore, Proc.U.S. Nat. Mus. 95: 73, 1944; Miller, Auk 36: 290-291, 1919.30677. Adult (sex not indicated). Retalhuleu, Department of RetalHuleu, Guatemala. September 1862. Collected by Osbert Salvin.Original number 198. Received from Osbert Salvin and FrederickDu C. Godman.Ridgway had specimens from Guatemala and Costa Rica, but all fromthe latter region are now held to belong with another race and are nolonger to be considered cotypes. No. 30677 seems to have been his onlyskin from Guatemala.Geothlypis caninucha icterotis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11 : 539, Sept. 20, 1889.
=Geothlypis poliocephala icterotis Ridgway. See Wetmore, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 95: 72, 73, 1944; MiUer, Auk 36: 290-291, 1919.90415 (not 94415). Adult male. Costa Rica. Entered into the mu-seum register on June 20, 1883. Collected by C. H. Van Patten.
548 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ridgway had three cotypes, two of which were the property of the MuseoNacional de Costa Rica and were presumably returned to San Jose.Genus GRANATELLUS BonaparteGranatellus franciscae BairdReview of American birds 1 : 231 (in key) , 232, April 1865.
^^Granatellus venustus franciscae Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 448, 1935.37312. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number 67.Baird's name was spelled franciscae in the key, francescae in the formaldescription. Since franciscae not only is the proper Latin orthography,but also has page priority, I prefer to use it here.Granatellus sallaei boucardi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 23, May 6, 1885.
=^Granatellus sallaei boucardi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 449, 1935.81759 (not 81760). Adult male. State of Yucatan, Mexico. 1879.Received from Adolphe Boucard.Genus WILSONIA BonaparteWilsonia pusilla chryseola RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 714, Oct. 16, 1902.98276. Adult male. Red Bluff, Tehama County, California. May 1,1884. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 747.Ridgway based this name upon an extensive series from the "Pacific coastdistrict of United States and British Columbia," but designated no specimenas the type. It would now be exceedingly difficult again to bring togetherall the cotypes, and I list here only No. 98276, subsequently made a lectotypeby Ridgway himself.Genus CARDELLINA BonaparteMuscicapa rubrifrons GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 27,]pi. 7, fig. 1, 1841.
=Cardellina rubrifrons rubrifrons (Giraud). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 455, 1935.47693. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 549Genus SETOPHAGA SwainsonMuscicapa leucomus GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 23,]pi. 6, fig. 1, 1841.=Setophaga picta picta Swainson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8 : 458, 1935.47696. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Genus MYIOBORUS BairdMuscicapa dcrhamli GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of north American birds, [p. 13,]pi. 3, fig. 2, 1841.= Myioborus miniatus miniatus (Swainson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 8: 459, 460, 1935.558. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromSpencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John G. Bell.47695. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Myioborus miniatus molochinus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 105, Aug. 13, 1942.360161. Adult male. Volcan San Martin (at elev. 3,000-4,000 feet).Sierra de Tuxtla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Apr. 17, 1940. Col-lected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 759.Myioborus miniatus comptus WetmoreProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 95: 74, July 7, 1944.361729. Adult male. Cerro Santa Maria (a spur of the Volcan Rinconde la Vieja), above the Hacienda "Santa Maria" (at elev. 3,000 feet),Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Nov, 14, 1940. Collected byAlexander Wetmore. Original number 10958.Setophaga aurantiaca BairdReview of American birds 1: 254 (in key), 261, May 1865.
=Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 462, 1935.33280. Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Jan. 25, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol. Originalnumber 8.33281 (not 33291) . Adult male. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of SanJose, Costa Rica. Jan. 27, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol. Orig-inal number 8.
550 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22133282. Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Jan. 24, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol. Originalnumber 8.Baird had nine specimens, of which three (from San Jose and Bar-ranca) would now be held nearer the more recently described comptus; theremaining six, all from Santa Maria de Dota, alone may be consideredcotypes of aurantiacus. No. 33279 was sent in 1877 to the MombushoMuseum, Tokyo; Nos. 33277 and 33278 have vanished from the museumwithout trace.No. 33282 is yet another example of a cotype that, having at some timeentered Ridgway's private collection, has suffered the loss of its originallabel.Myioborus minialus hallux Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Sr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 57: 11, Apr. 11, 1944.
. Adult male. Near Queniquea (at elev. 1,600 meters). State ofTachira, Venezuela. Nov. 7, 1940. Collected by F. Benedetti. De-posited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it is No.9263.Setophaga torquata BairdReview of American birds 1 : 255 (in key) , 261, May 1865.
=Myiohorus torquatus (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 8 : 465, 1935.30494. Immature (sex not indicated). "San Jose?," Costa Rica. En-tered into the museum register on Nov. 7, 1863. Collected by Alex-ander von Frantzius. Original number 99.30496. Adult (sex not indicated). "San Jose?," Costa Rica. Enteredinto the museum register on Nov. 7, 1863. Collected by Alexandervon Frantzius. Original number 97.33283. Adult (sex not indicated). San Jose, Province of San Jose, CostaRica. Entered into the museum register on Mar. 23, 1864. Collectedby Julian Carmiol.A fourth cotype. No. 30495, was sent in 1875 to the Princeton Museum ofZoology.Nos. 30494, 30495, and 30496 were entered into the register simply asfrom "Costa Rica." On their labels Baird wrote "San Jose?," but in theoriginal description dropped the query. On tbe label of No. 30496 appearsthe word "Type" in Baird's own hand; in short, his lectotype is one ofthe three of dubious provenience. Since No. 33283 would have been abetter choice, and since no specimen was indicated at the first descriptionas the type, I list here all of the original series.Genus ERGATICUS BairdParus leucolis GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 17,]pi. 4, fig. 1, 1841.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 551
=Ergaticus ruber ruber (Swainson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8: 475, 1935.561. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromSpencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John G. Bell.47692. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Cardellina versicolor SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1863 (2) : 188, pi. 24, fig. 1, August1863.
=Ergaticus ruber versicolor (Salvin). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 8:475, 1935.30703. Adult female. Totonicapam, Department of Totonicapam,Guatemala. October 1862. Collected by Osbert Salvin and FrederickDuC. Godman. Original number 357. Received from Osbert Salvin.This name was based upon an unspecified number of cotypes, from theVolcan de Fuego, Totonicapam, and Chilasco. A male from the last-namedlocality, in the British Museum (Natural History) , is said by Bowdler Sharpe(Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 10: 408, 1885) to be thetype, but its claim to typeship is no greater than that of our No. 30703,labeled by Salvin himself as "Type specimen."Genus EUTHLYPIS CabanisEuthlypis lachrymosa tephra RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 738, Oct. 16, 1902.
=Euthlypis lachrymosa (Bonaparte). See Van Rossem, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 77: 474, 1934.151906. Adult male. Hacienda de San Rafael (lat. 27?08' N., long.108?42' W.), State of Sonora (not Chihuahua), Mexico. May 10,1888. Collected by M. Abbott Frazar. Received from WilliamBrewster. Genus BASILEUTERUS CabanisBasileuterus luteoviridis euperciliaris ChapmanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 265, Dec. 31, 1919.273009. Adult male. Above Torontoy (at elev. 14,000 feet). Depart-ment of Cuzco, Peru. May 14, 1915 (not 1914). Collected by Ed-mund Heller. Original number 104. Yale University-National Geo-graphic Society Peruvian Expedition (1914-1915).M [yiothlypis ] . filaveolu s BairdReview of American birds 1 : 252 (footnote 1 ) , May 1865.
=Basileuterus flaveolus (Baird) . See Todd, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 74: 42,1929.16334. Adult female. Paraguay. June 1859. Collected by ChristopherD. Wood. Original number 53. Second U.S. Survey of the RioParana (1859-1860).50093&?61 36
552 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Basileuterus leucoblepharus calus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 188, Dec. 12, 1901.
=Basileuterus leucoblepharus (Vieillot). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 485, 486, 1935.173448. Adult male. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarrica), Paraguay. July 1, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.Original number 91.Basileuterus nielanotis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(1-4): 95, April 1868.
^=Basileuterus tristrialus melanotis Lawrence. See Todd, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 74: 63, 1929.47408. Adult male. Cervantes, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Apr.15, 1867. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Muscicapa brasierii [sic] GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 25,]pi. 6, fig. 2, 1841.
=Basileuterus culicivorus brasherii (Giraud) . See Todd, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 74: 76, 1929.47698. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Basileuterus culicivorus flavescens RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 755, Oct. 16, 1902.156147. Adult male. San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Mar. 17,1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3887. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Basileuterus nielanogenys BairdReview of American birds 1 : 247 (in key) , 248, May 1865.
=Basileuterus mekinogenys melanogenys Baird. See Todd, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 74: 81, 1929.30497. Adult (sex not indicated). Costa Rica. Entered into the museumregister on Nov. 7, 1863. Collected by Alexander von Frantzius.Original number 117.The provenience appears in the register simply as "Costa Rica," but Baird,on the label, has added "San Jose?."Basileuterus nielanogenys eximius NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 22, Sept. 27, 1912.188465. Adult female. Boquete (elev. 5,800 [not 5,000] feet), Depart-ment of Chiriqui, Panama. Mar. 23, 1901. Collected by Wilmot W.Brown, Jr. Received from Outram Bangs, of whose private collectionit once formed part.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 553Basileuterus melanogenys ignotus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 21, Sept. 27, 1912.232972. Adult female. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,200 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. Apr. 18, 1912.Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15539. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Muscicapa belli GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 15,]pi. 4, fig. 2, 1841.
=Basileuterus belli belli (Giraud). See Todd, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.74: 82, 1929.47694. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).Basileuterus belli clarus RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 745, Oct. 16, 1902.
=Basileuterus belli belli (Giraud). See Todd, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.74:82,83, 1929.143292. Adult male. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero,Mexico. Dec. 24, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and EdwardA. Goldman. Original number 2448. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Basileuterus belli scitulus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 268, July 1900.143293. Adult male. Todos Santos, Department of Huehuetenango,Guatemala. Dec. 30, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson andEdward A. Goldman. Original number 3322. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Basileuterus belli subobscurus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53:52, Apr. 19, 1940.348141. Adult male. "Cantoral," Honduras. Jan. 23, 1936. Collectedby Cecil F. Underwood.Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 29, May 29, 1899.164260. Adult male. Near Alamos (lat. 27?01' N., long. 108?58' W.),State of Sonora, Mexico. Jan. 3, 1899. Collected by Edward A.Goldman. Original number 6048. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Basileuterus rufifrons jouyi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 119, July 18, 1892.124912. Adult male. Hacienda "Angostura," State of San Luis Potosi,Mexico. Dec. 8, 1891. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original num-ber 1246.
554 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Basileuterus rufifrons dugesi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 15: 119, July 18, 1892.105263. Adult male. State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Entered into themuseum regbter on July 28, 1885. Collected by Alfred Duges.Basileuterus flavigaster NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 67, January 1897.[Basileuterus] flaviventris Bowdler SharpeA Handlist of the genera and species of birds 5: 126, 1909.
=Basileuterus (rufifrons?) salvini CheTrie. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 510, 1935.143265. Adult male. Yajalon, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Oct. 17, 1895.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 3191. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[Basileuterus] flaviventris Bowdler Sharpe is simply an emendation ofNelson's name, for reasons of purism.Basileuterus salvini CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 342, Sept. 4, 1891.
=Basileuteru5 {rufifrons?) salvini Cherrie. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 8: 510, 1935.30700. Adult (sex not indicated). Coban, Department of Alta Vera Paz,Guatemala. Nov. 15, 1859. Collected for Osbert Salvin and FrederickDuC. Godman. Received from Osbert Salvin.Basileuterus delattrii actuosus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 92, July 8, 1957.461248. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 23, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20409.Basileuterus cinereicollis pallidulus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 209, Dec. 8, 1941.369892. Adult male. Tierra Nueva (at the northern end of the SierraNegra, east of Fonseca), at elev. 4,000-5,000 feet. Department ofMagdalena, Colombia. July 10, 1941. Collected by Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 1519.Basileuterus castaneiceps P. L. Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1877 (3) : 521, October 1877.
=Basileuterus castaneiceps castaneiceps Sclater and Salvin. See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 8: 517, 1935.90452. Adult (sex not indicated). Jima ("on the headwaters of RioSantiago, not very far from Cuenca"), Province of Azuay, Ecuador.March 1877. Collected by Clarence Buckley. Received from OsbertSalvin and Frederick DuC. Godman, of whose private collection it onceformed part.This name was based upon an apparently short series of cotypes, all fromJima. One retained by Salvin and Godman eventually reached the coUec-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 555tion of the British Museum (Natural History) ; it is probable that anotherbecame part of P. L. Sclater's collection and likewise entered the samemuseum. Family PLOCEIDAE: Weaver-finchesGenus PSEUDONIGRITA ReichenowPseudonigrita amaudi kapitensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 5, Dec. 23, 1910.213773. Adult male. Juja Farm (about 30 miles northeast of Nairobi),Machakos District, Central Province, Kenya Colony. May 14, 1909.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 15770. Smith-sonian African Expedition.Philetairus cabanisi enchorus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 27: 683, Apr. 13, 1904.
==Pseudonigrita cabanisi (Fischer and Reichenow). See Friedmann,U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 385-386, 1937.177921. Adult male. Dabulli, Arussi-land, Ethiopia (not Somaliland).Sept. 16, 1894. Collected by A. Donaldson Smith. Original number280. Genus PASSER BrissonPasser domesticus soror RipleySpolia Zeylanica 24 (3) : 241, Nov. 8, 1946.376926. Adult male. Nikawella State Farm, Rattota, Matale District,Central Province, Ceylon. May 18, 1944. Collected by Herbert G.Deignan. Original number 3.Passer montamis orienlalis ClarkProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 38: 69, Apr. 30, 1910.114228. Adult male. Pusan, South Kyongsang Province, Korea. No-vember 1885. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1427.114229. Adult male. Pusan, South Kyongsang Province, Korea. Nov.8, 1885. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 1426.Clark based this name upon Nos. 114228 and 114229 and an immaturemale from Hokkaido (No. 201530). Since tlie populations of Hokkaidoand Korea are now considered to belong to distinct races, Clark's name, asthe oldest available, had to be fixed upon one or the other. Inasmuch asthe Hokkaido skin is too young to show the only character adduced byClark for his new form, the birds from Korea must perforce become thetypes, and the name orientalis accordingly be employed for the Korean race.See Deignan, Condor 54 (3) : 171, 1952.Passer saturatus StejnegerProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 19, May 6, 1885.
=Passer montamis saturatus Stejneger. See Orn. Soc. Japan, Handlistof the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 10, 1942.
556 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22121118. Adult (sex not indicated). "Loo Choo Is."-==Okinawa Island,Ryukyu Islands, East China Sea. November 1854. Collected byWilliam Stimpson. U.S. North Pacific Surveying and Exploring Ex-pedition (1853-1856).Passer montanus hepaticus RipleyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 106, June 16, 1948.390602. Adult male? (not male). Tezu (elev. 648 feet), Mishmi Hills,Sadiya Frontier Tract, Assam State, India. Jan. 11, 1947. Col-lected by S. Dillon Ripley. Original number 377. Smithsonian Insti-tution-Yale University Expedition.Passer montanus dilutus RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 575, July 25, 1896.150331. Adult male. Kashgar (lat. 39?28' N., long. 76^02' E.),Sinkiang Province, China. Mar. 21, 1894. Collected by William L.Abbott.Passer rutilans ignoratus DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 16, Mar. 4, 1948.306382. Adult male. Mount Omei (at elev. 4,000 feet), SzechwanProvince, China. July 9, 1925. Collected by David C. Graham.Original number 2.Passer castanopterus fulgens FriedmannOccas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 428, Oct. 10, 1931.246602. Adult male. Indunumara Mountains (about 10 miles southeastof Lake Rudolf) , Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony. July 15,1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23000.Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Gmws SPOROPIPES CabanisSporopipes frontalis abyssinicus MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 7, Dec. 23, 1910.100033. Adult male. Ethiopia. Entered into the museum register onSept. 26, 1884. Collected by "Blondeel." Purchased from J. G. C.Eugene Rey, in whose private collection it was No. 25845?.Genus PLOCEUS CuvierPloceella hypoxanlha hymenaica DeignanAuk 64 (2) : 305, Apr. 14, 1947.
=Ploceus hypoxanthus hymenaicus (Deignan). See Delacour, L'Oiseauet la Revue frangaise d'Ornithologie 21 (2) : 116, 1951.333049. Adult male. Nong (Bung) Boraphet (lat. 15?43' N., long.100^14' E.), central Thailand. June 24, 1932. Collected by HughMcC. Smith. Original number 5646.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 557Othyphantes fricki MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (14) : 1, Sept. 20, 1913.=Ploceus fricki (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.153 (2) : 397, 1937.247071. Adult male. Alatta, Sidamo district, Ethiopia. Mar. 9, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 20628. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition (1911-1912)
.
Ploceus jacksoni jucundus FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 117, Oct. 17, 1931.275783. Adult male. Nyanza, Ruanda-Urundi Mandated Territory(Belgian East Africa) . Mar. 11, 1920. Collected by Harry C. Raven.Original number 5461. Smithsonian Institution-Universal Film Mfg.Co. African Expedition (1919-1920).Ploceus philippinus angelorum DeignanProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 69 (36) : 211, Dec. 31, 1956.307353. Adult female (sexed "male"). Bangkok (lat. 13?45' N., long.100?30' E.), Phra Nakhon Province, Thailand. Apr. 8, 1924. Col-lected by Hugh McC. Smith.Genus FOUDIA ReichenbachFoudia aldabrana RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 598, Aug. 16, 1893.128692. Adult male. Aldabra Island, Aldabra Islands, western IndianOcean north of Madagascar. Oct. 5, 1892. Collected by William L.Abbott. Genus QUELEA ReichenbachQuelea cardinalis pallida FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 119, Oct. 17, 1931.247325. Adult female. Indunumara Mountains (about 10 miles south-east of Lake Rudolf), Northern Frontier District, Kenya Colony. July16, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 23055.Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Genus ETJPLECTES SwainsonPyromelana flammiceps changamwensis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (11) : 5, Aug. 30, 1913.
=Euplectes hordaceus changamwensis (Mearns). See Sclater, Systemaavium aethiopicarum 2: 760, 1930; Delacour, L'Oiseau et la Revuefrangaise d'Ornithologie (new ser.) 4 (1): 102, 1934.215886. Adult "male" (in winter plumage), but sexed "female" by thecollector! Changamwe, Kilifi District, Coast Province, Kenya Colony.Nov. 22, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number17548. Smithsonian African Expedition.
558 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus HYPARGOS ReichenbachHypargos niveoguttatus macrospilotus MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (14) : 2, Sept. 20, 1913.=Hypargos niveoguttatus (Peters) . See Friedman, U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull.153 (2) : 438, 1937.246922. Adult male. Meru Forest (north of the Equator), Meru Dis-trict, Central Province, Kenya Colony. Aug. 10, 1912. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 23560. Childs Frick AfricanExpedition (1911-1912).Genus ESTRILDA SwainsonLagonosticta incerta MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (14) : 6, Dec. 23, 1910.
=Estrilda rufopicta laleritia (von Heuglin). See Friedmann, U.S. Nat.Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 445, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28: 77,85, 1943.217311. Adult male. Gondokoro, Mongalla Province, Anglo-EgyptianSudan (not Uganda Protectorate). Feb. 25, 1910. Collected byEdgar A. Mearns. Original number 18805. Smithsonian AfricanExpedition.Lagonosticta rubricata fricki MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (14) : 4, Sept. 20, 1913.
=Estrilda rubricata rhodopareia (von Heuglin). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 443-444, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, NewYork 28: 77, 85, 1943.247543. Adult male. Along the Gato River (at elev. 4,000 feet), nearGardulla (lat. 5?35' N., long. 37^27' E.), Ethiopia. Apr. 19, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 21388. ChildsFrick African Expedition (1911-1912).Estrilda cyanocephala RichmondAuk 14 (2): 157, April 1897.118252. Adult male. "Useri River, Plains of Kilimanjaro," Moshi Dis-trict, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. Jan. 12, 1889. Col-lected by William L. Abbott.Uraeginthus bengalus brunneigularis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 56 (20) : 6, Apr. 17, 1911.
=Estrilda angolensis brunneigularis (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 457, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York28:78,86, 1943.215922. Adult female. Wambugu (elev. 5,500 feet) , South Nyeri District,Central Province, Kenya Colony. Oct. 23, 1909. Collected by EdgarA. Mearns. Original number 17309. Smithsonian African Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 559Granatina iantliinogaster roosevelti MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (9) : 3, July 31, 1913.
=Estrilda ianthinogasler roosevelti (Mearns). See Sclater, Systemaavium aethiopicarura 2:807, 1930; Delacour, Zoologica, New York28:78,85, 1943.214634. Adult male. Southern Guaso Nyiro River (at a point east ofSotik Post), Masai Reserie, Kenya Colony. June 14, 1909. Collectedby Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 16045, Smithsonian AfricanExpedition.Estrilda rhodopyga polia MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (9) : 1, July 31, 1913.
=Estrilda rhodopyga centralis Kothe. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 451, 1937.247436. Adult male. Along the Gato River (at elev. 4,000 feet), nearGardulla (lat. 5?35' N., long. 37?27' E.), Ethiopia. May 2, 1912.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 21687. Childs FrickAfrican Expedition (1911-1912)
.
Estrilda rhodopyga hypochra MearnsSmithsonian Misc. CoU. 61 (9) : 2, July 31, 1913.
=Estril.da rhodopyga centralis Kothe. See Friedmann, U.S. Nat. Mus.Bull. 153 (2) : 451, 1937.213786. Adult male. "Between Kapiti Plains Station . . . and camp atPotha," Machakos District, Central Province, Kenya Colony. April27, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 15632.Smithsonian African Expedition.Estrilda atricapilla keniensis MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4S: 390, Jan. 19, 1915.
=Estrilda atricapilla keniensis Mearns? See Jackson, The Birds of KenyaColony and the Uganda Protectorate 3 : 1513, 1938.214622. Adult male. "Fey's Farm," Njabini (elev. 8,000 feet), nearNaivasha, Naivasha District, Central Province, Kenya Colony. Aug.11, 1909. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 16540.Smithsonian African Expedition.Genus ERYTHRURA SwainsonGeospiza cyaneovirens PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 117, "pi. xxxi, fig.4," 1848.
=Erythrura cyaneovirens cyaneovirens (Peale). See Mayr, Birds of theSouthwest Pacific, p. 123, 1945.15776. Adult (sex not indicated). Upolu Island, Samoan Islands.Oceania. 18-. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Peale's name is correctly spelled as above.
560 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Geospiza prasina PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) ; 116, "pi. xxxi, fig.3," 1848.E[rythrura]. Pealii HartlaubArchiv fur Naturgeschichte (Wiegmann) 18 (1): 104, 1852.
=Erythrura cyaneovirens pealii Hartlaub. See Mayr, Birds of the South-west Pacific, p. 147, 1945.15777. Adult (sex not indicated). Vanua Levu Island, Fiji Islands,Oceania. 18-. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
.
E[rythrura]. Pealii Hartlaub is a substitute name for Erythrura prasina(Peale), not Erythrura prasina (Sparrman), 1788, and is based upon thesame type specimen. Genus LONCHURA SykesAidemosyne inornata MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 (14) : 3, Sept. 20, 1913.=Lonchura malabarica inornata (Mearns). See Sclater, Systema aviumaethiopicarum 2: 771, 1930; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28: 82, 85,1943.217330. Adult female. Ed Dueim (on the White Nile at about lat. 14?00'N., long. 32?20' E.), Gezira (El Jezira) District, White Nile Province,Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Mar. 13, 1910. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Original number 18715. Smithsonian African Expedition.Aidemosyne cantans meridionalis MearnsSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 61 ( 14) : 4, Sept. 20, 1913.=Lonchura malabarica meridionalis (Mearns). See Friedmann, U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. 153 (2) : 434, 1937; Delacour, Zoologica, New York28:82,85, 1943.247534. Adult male. At the southern base of the Indunumara Mountains(about 10 miles southeast of Lake Rudolf), Northern Frontier District,Kenya Colony. July 16, 1912. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Orig-inal number 23048. Childs Frick African Expedition (1911-1912).Uroloncha acuticauda phaethontoptila OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 521, Nov. 18, 1926.
=Lonchura striata phaethontoptila (Oberholser) . See Orn. Soc. Japan,Handlist of the Japanese birds, ed. 3, rev., p. 9, 1942.37817. Adult (sex not indicated). Northern Formosa. March 1862.Collected by Robert Swinhoe. Received from Henry B. Tristram (ofwhose private collection it once formed part)
.
Uroloncha acuticauda lepidota OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 520, Nov. 18, 1926.=Lonchura striata subsquamicollis (Stuart Baker), fide Deignan (ms.).154014. Adult male. "Tyching"=:Ban Tha Chin (lat. 7?34' N., long.99?34' E.), Province of Trang, peninsular Thailand. May 23, 1896.Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 561Lonchura leucogaslra sniythiesi ParkesProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 108 : 282, Oct. 21, 1958.461688. Adult male. Tabuan, near Kuching, Sarawak. Dec. 9, 1938.Collector unknown. Received from the Sarawak Museum.Lonchura leucogaslra nianueli ParkesProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 108 : 280, Oct. 21, 1958.201273. Adult male. Near Isabela, Basilan Island, Philippine Islands.Jan. 26, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number13903.Munia punctulata particeps RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33 : 57, July 24, 1920.=Lonchura punctulata particeps (Riley). See Stresemann, Journ. fiirOrn. 88: 37, 1940.251332. Adult male. Rano Lindu, near the Lindu Lake (about lat. 1?17'S., long. 120?04' E.), central Celebes. March 15, 1917. Collected byHarry C. Raven. Original number 3920.Lonchura malacca deignani ParkesProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 108 : 290, Oct. 21, 1958.350467. Adult male. Muang Chiang Rai (lat. 19?55' N., long. 99?50'E.), elev. 1,214 ft., Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand. May 8,1936. Collected by Herbert G. Deign an. Original number 1297.Lonchura grandis heurni HartertNova Guinea [Resultats des Expeditions scientifiques a la NouvelleGuinee] 15 [Zoologie] (5) : 476, 1932.334930. Subadult male. Batavia-bivak (a camp on the Mamberano River,12 miles below the mouth of the Idenburg River), northwestern DutchNew Guinea. Dec. 7, 1920. Collected by W. C. van Heurn. Receivedfrom the Zoological Museum & Laboratory, Bogor.334931. Adult male. Same data as No. 334930.334932. Adult female. Same data as No. 334930.334933. Subadult female. Same data as No. 334930.Hartert based this name upon a series of 14 adults, males and females,and 8 subadults, males and females. All were taken by van Heurn at thesame time and place, from a single flock, and, owing to lack of time, theywere not skinned, but mummified. Since no individual was specified byHartert as the type, all 22 may be considered cotypes.It should be noted that No. 334931 bears, upon its original label, inHartert's own hand, the words "Typus von :/Lonchura grandis heurni Hart."It may be assumed that the author, merely by oversight, failed to designatethis specimen, at his original description, as the type.MunIa maja simalurensis OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 521, Nov. 18, 1926.
=LonchuTa maja maja (Linnaeus) . See Ripley, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL94: 414, 1944.
562 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221179369. Adult male. Simalur Island, Barussan Islands, eastern IndianOcean oflf Sumatra. Nov. 22, 1901. Collected by WUliam L. Abbott.Muuia maja zapercna OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 16 (19) : 521, Nov. 18, 1926.=Lonchura maja maja (Linnaeus). See Chasen, Handlist of Malaysianbirds, p. 290, 1935; Delacour, Zoologica, New York 28: 83,85, 1943.220192. Adult male. Sawama (lat. 6?58' S., long. 106?18' E.), BantamResidency, West Java Province, Java. Nov. 2, 1909. Collected byWilliam Palmer. Original number 1944. Received from Otto Bryant.Family ICTERIDAE: Blackbirds, TroupialsGenus OCYALUS WaterhouseZarhynchus wagleri mexicanus RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 151, Apr. 15, 1901.= Ocyalus wagleri wagleri (G. R. Gray). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 2 (footnotes 3, 4) , 1937.144561. Adult male. Motzorongo, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Feb. 26,1894, Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 1755. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus GYMNOSTINOPS SclaterGymnostinops cassini RichmondAuk 15 (4) : 327, October 1898.17847. Adult male. "Camp Albert" (on the Rio Truando below theCordillera de Baudo), Intendency of the Choco, Colombia. 1857 or1858. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 162. U.S.Survey of the Rio Atrato.Genus TANGAVIUS LessonCallothorus [sic] Kneus assimilis NelsonAuk 17 (3): 266, July 1900.
=Tangavius aeneus assimilis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 51, 1937.144490. Adult male. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Jan. 25, 1895.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2520. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus MOLOTHRUS SwainsonMolothrus veiiezuelensis StoneAuk 8 (4) : 347, October 1891.
=Molothrus bonariensis venezuelensis Stone. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10 : 64, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 56388423. Adult mal. Lake Valencia, State of Carabobo, Venezuela. Priorto December 1874 (when von Berlepsch purchased it in Leipzig).Collected by Anton Goering. Received from Hans von Berlepsch, inwhose private collection it was No. 614.Molothrus rufo-axillaris CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 23 (not earlier than March 27),1866.12390. Adult (sex not indicated). Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.Entered into the museum register on July 14, 1859. Collected byChristopher D. (not J.) Wood. Original number 33. U.S. Surveyof the Rio La Plata (1858-18-)
.
The oldest label borne by this specim.en has printed on its label the words
"U.S. Steamer Argentina./Capt. T. J. Page, U.S.N." Information on thisship is given by Page, in La Plata, The Argentine Confederation, andParaguay (1859, p. xxii)
.
Dolichonyx fuscipennis CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 16 (not earlier than Mar. 27),1866.
=Molothrus badius fringillarius (von Spix) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 71, 1937.36729. Adult male. State of Ceara, Brazil. Entered into the museumregister on Mar. 29, 1865. Received from the Museu Nacional, Rio deJcmeiro.36730. Adult female. Same data as No. 36729.Genus QUISCALUS VieiUotQuiscalus aeneus RidgwayProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1869: 134, text-fig. 2 (not earlierthan June 29), 1869.
=Quiscalus quiscula versicolor Vieillot. See Wetmore, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus. 86 : 230-231, 1939; A.O.U. Checklist of North American Birds,ed. 5, p. 539, 1957.46634. Adult male. Mount Carmel, Wabash County, Illinois. Mar. 30,1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 1216. Receivedfrom Robert Ridgway.Both Nos. 46634 and 46636 (an adult female) have been labeled by Ridg-way as "Type of species," but the description of this form is based whollyupon the male, and the female must accordingly be considered merely aparatype. Ridgway's text figure purports to be taken from No. 46643; thenumber given is a misprint for 46634.Quiscalus aglaeus BairdAmerican Journal of Science and Arts (2) 41 (121) : 84, January 1866.=Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linnaeus). See Wayne, Auk 35: ^lO,1918.6529. Adult male. Key Biscayne, Dade County, Florida. Apr. 8, 1857.Collected by Gustavus Wiirdemann.
664 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22110337. Adult male. Cape Florida, Key Biscayne, Dade County, Florida.Apr. 15, 1858. Collected by Gustavus Wiirdemann.10341. Adult male. Apr. 9, 1858. Other data same as for No. 10337.10342. Adult male. May 18, 1858. Other data same as for No. 10337.Quiscalus aglaeus Baird, 1866, was a new name for the bird misidentifiedby Baird (Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 556, 1858) as Quiscalus baritus(Linnaeus) , and the cotypes of aglaeus must be the males then listed by Baird{op. cit., p. 557). There were originally seven of these, but Nos. 10335 and10336 have vanished from the collection without trace; No. 10340 was sentin 1859 to George N. Lawrence and is probably now in the American Museumof Natural History, New York.Quiscalus brachypterus CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 406 (early in) 1867.
=Quiscalus nigcr brachypterus Cassin. See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 153, 1950.39624. Adult male. Puerto Rico ("N. Side") . Entered into the museumregister on Nov. 10, 1865. Collected by Robert Swift.Although this form was established upon a series of 17 specimens, ofwhich no fewer than 16 were the property of the Smithsonian Institution(the other, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia), all butthe one here listed have disappeared from the collection without trace.Among the missing are Nos. 39612 to 39618 (collected by George Latimer)and Nos. 39619 to 39623 and No. 39625 (collected by Robert Swift)
.
Quiscalus guadeloupensis LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 457, Apr. 30?, 1879.
=Quiscalus lugubris guadeloupensis Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist ofbirds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 153, 1950.76486. Adult male. Guadeloupe Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.September 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number905.76487. Adult female. Guadeloupe Island, Caribbean Sea. October 1878.Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 930.Holoquiscalus martinicensis RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 151, Apr. 15, 1901.
=Quiscalus lugubris guadeloupensis Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 86, 1937; Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 153, 1950.75156. Adult male. Martinique Island, Windward Islands, CaribbeanSea. July or August 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober.Although Ridgway had six adult males from Martinique, for his type hechose the only one without date or original number!Quiscalus luminosus LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 162, July 1878.
=Quiscalus lugubris luminosus Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 154, 1950.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 56574124. Adult male. Grenada Island, Windward Islands, Caribbean Sea.April 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 565.74126. Adult female. Grenada Island, Caribbean Sea. April 1878. Col-lected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 566.Quiscalus insularis RichmondProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18: 675, Aug. 12, 1896.
=Quiscalus lugubris insularis Richmond, fide Deignan (ms.).151733. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea ofF the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 3, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 407. Genus CASSIDIX LessonScaphidurus major nelsoni RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 151, Apr. 15, 1901.
==Cassidix mexicanus nelsoni (Ridgway). See Van Rossem, Occas. Pap.Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 21 : 236, 1945.164596. Adult female. Alamos (lat. 27?01' N., long. 108?58' E.), Stateof Sonora, Mexico. Jan. 27, 1899. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 6140. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Quiscalus macrourus obscurus NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 267, July 1900.
=Cassidix mexicanus obscurus (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 89, 1937.144595. Adult female. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Jan. 14,1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 2483. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus EUPHAGUS CassinEuphagus carolinus nigrans Burleigh and H. L. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 121, June 16, 1948.394218. Adult male. Stephenville Crossing (at the head of St. GeorgesBay), southwestern Newfoundland Province, Canada. May 20, 1947.Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 10329. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus ICTERUS DaudinIcterus pyrrhopterus compsus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 68, Aug. 30, 1902.
=Icterus cayanensis periporphyrus (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 10: 112, 1937.60595. Adult male. Cuiaba, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. 8, 1824.Collected by Johann Natterer. Original number 570. Received fromthe Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
566 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Icterus pyrrhopterus argoptilus OberholserProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 25: 68, Aug. 30, 1902.= Icterus cayaneiuis pyrrhopterus (Vieillot). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 112, 114,1937.55749. Adult male. Conchitas (a station of the Ferrocarril del Sud,which, on Dec. 28, 1930, was officially renamed Estacion Hudson), nearQuihnes, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. September 1868. Col-lected by William H. Hudson. Original number 79.Icterus dominicensis. Var. porloricensis H. BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10: 254 (not earlier than April), 1866.
=Icterus dominicensis porloricensis Bryant. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 119, 1937.36523. Adult (sex not indicated). Puerto Rico. Winter, 1864-1865.Collected by Robert Swift.36524. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 36523.36525. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 36523.36534. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 36523.Bryant had 13 cotypes collected by Swift and entered into the register onMar. 27, 1865 (Nos. 36522-36534) and possibly 19 others collected byeither Swift or Latimer and entered into the register on Nov. 10, 1865(Nos. 39587-39605).On the assumption that only the earlier lot lay before him, and that thesealone are cotypes, I have listed all that can now be found in the collection.No. 36522 was sent on Sept. 25, 1882, to Hans von Berlepsch; No. 36526was sent on June 10, 1868, to the Boston Society of Natural History and isnow No. 46539 of the Museum of Comparative Zoology; No. 36533 wasdestroyed in October 1881; the remainder have vanished without trace,but may have been presented to Bryant, who replaced their original labelswith his own.Icterus oberi LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 3: 351, Dec. 30, 1880.81066. Adult male. Montserrat Island, Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea.Entered into the museum register on Dec. 9, 1880. Collected byFrederick A. Ober. Original number 280.81068. Adult female. Original number 282. Other data same as forNo. 81066.81067. Immature male. Original number 281. Other data same as forNo. 81066.Lawrence stated that he had seen seven specimens, but he wrote the word
"Type" on the labels of these three only.Icterus wagleri P. L. SclaterProc. Zool. Soc. London 25: 7, May 26, 1857.
=Icterus ivagleri wagleri Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 10: 122, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 5674058. Adult male. Saltillo, State of Coahuila, Mexico. May 1853. Col-lected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 3.Icterus wagleri is really only a new name for Psarocolius flavigasterWagler, 1827, not Penduliniis flavigaster Vieillot, 1816, but Sclater drew upa new description from a series of specimens, which accordingly becamethe types of wagleri Sclater.The form was named in a paper entitled "Notes on the Birds in theMuseum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and otherCollections in the United States of America," and the description (for whichno type is specifically mentioned) is followed by: "There are examples ofthis bird at the Smithsonian Institution collected by Lieut. Couch in Coahuila.I have likewise examples of it in my own collection."In Sclater's "Catalogue of a Collection of American Birds" (pp. 131-132,1862) we find the two skins of /. wagleri from "Mexico" in his privatecollection listed as "types of the species, as described /. c." The same author,in the "Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum" (11: 373, 1886),states that but one of these is "Type of the species."Goode (U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 49: 91, 1896) avers that the type of Icteruswagleri is a bird from Coahuila in the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia, but this is in error, since Sclater did not mention that he hadseen a specimen at that museum.Although the author referred to specimens at the Smithsonian Institution,there was, in fact, only one in Couch's collection. In short, there were butthree cotypes, two in London and one in Washington, and if any of thethree is to be made a lectotype, it should be our No. 4058, the only onewhose label carries usable data.Icterus scottii CouchProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 66 (not earlier than Apr. 25),1854.
=Icterus parisorum Bonaparte. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 10:121, 1937.4056. Adult male. Santa Catarina, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. April1853. Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 185.Although Couch gave the range of this bird as "Western New Leon andCoahuila," no specimen from the latter state seems to have reached themuseum.Icterus cucullatus nelsoni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 19, May 6, 1885.
=Icterus cucullatus califamicus (Lesson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 150, 1937.98992. Adult male. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. Apr. 20 (not 26),1884. Collected by Edward W. Nelson.500936?61 37
568 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Icterus ciicullatus sennetti RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 152, Apr. 15, 1901.73654. Adult male. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. Apr. 3, 1877.Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 143.Icterus cucuUatus igneus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8:19, May 6, 1885.100111. Adult (apparently male). State of Yucatan, Mexico. Enteredinto the museum register on Oct. 7, 1884. Collected by George F.Gaumer.100276. Adult male. State of Yucatan, Mexico. September 1883. Col-lected by George F. Gaumer. Received from Charles K. Worthen.100277. Adult male. Same data as No. 100276.100278. Adult male. Same data as No. 100276.102210. Adult male. State of Yucatan, Mexico. Entered into the museumregister on Jan. 31, 1885. Collected by George F. Gaumer. Receivedfrom Charles K. Worthen.102211. Adult male. Same data as No. 102210.Ridgway, after briefly describing this form, observed: "It may be neces-sary to separate the Yucatan birds . . ., but having only six specimens, andthose in somewhat worn plumage, I would not under the circumstances feeljustified in making the separation." In the following sentence his resolutionhad so far weakened as to permit him to give them a name, and thus tofulfil all the requirements of what he felt unjustified in doing, with theimportant exception of designation of a type specimen
!
Of the six birds, Richmond has at some time labeled No. 100111 as thetype; he has, in short, elevated to highest rank the one specimen of sixthat lacks indication of sex and date of collection. From my point of view,all are equivalent cotypes.Icterus cucullalus duplexus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 173, Sept. 25, 1901.167644. Adult male. Mujeres Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Mar. 24, 1901. Collected byEdward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 7885.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Icterus cucullalus cozumelae NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 173, Sept. 25, 1901.
=Icterus cucullalus cozumelae Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 10: 153, 1937.167652. Adult female. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the easterncoast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Apr. 11, 1901. Collected byEdward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 8114.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Icterus audubonii GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 3,]1841.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 569
=Icterus graduacauda audubonii Giraud. See Helimayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 143, 1937.44704 (reentered as 52357). Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas."
"1838." Received from Jacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).When Baird entered the Giraud types into the register on July 11, 1867, hefound that Icterus audubonii was "not yet sent," but nevertheless reservedfor it the number 47704. Upon its arrival at the end of July 1868, someone,unaware that it already possessed a number, enregistered it with the newnumber 52357.Icterus curasoensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 174, Sept. 1, 1884.
=lcterus nigrogularis curasoensis Ridgway. See Helimayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 135, 1937.97913. Adult male. Curasao Island, Caribbean Sea off the State of Fal-con, Venezuela. Feb. 10-18, 1884. Collected by James E. Benedictand Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Icterus Graysonii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 19:48 (not earlier than Apr. 30),1867.
=Icterus pustulatus graysonii Cassin. See Helimayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 10: 154, 1937.37376. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit, Mexico.January 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 91.37377. Adult female. Tres Marias Islands, off the State of Nayarit,Mexico. January 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Originalnumber 92.Icterus formosus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (6-7) : 184 (not earlier than May),1872.
=Icterus pustulatus formosus Lawrence. See Helimayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 155 (footnote 1), 1937.90164. Adult male. Santa Efigenia (not "Tuchitan"), State of Oaxaca,Mexico. June 24, 1871. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast.Original number 1192.57594. Adult female. Santa Efigenia (not "Tuchitan"), State of Oaxaca,Mexico. Dec. 27, 1868. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast.Original number 336.Lawrence wrote "Type" on the label of each of these specimens.Icterus pectoralis espinachi "Nutting (ms.)" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 5: 392, Sept. 16, 1882.
=Icterus pectoralis espinachi Ridgway. See Helimayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 145, 1937.
570 U-S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22187361. Adult male. Hacienda "La Palma" (about 10 miles northwest ofColorado), Province of Guanacaste?, Costa Rica. Apr. 17, 1882. Col-lected by Charles C, Nutting. Original number 208.See my remarks under Myiarchus nuttingi Ridgway (p, 277)
.
Icterus gularis tamaulipensis RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3 : 152, Apr. 15, 1901.135168. Adult male. Altamira, near Tampico, State of Tamaulipas,Mexico. Oct. 17, 1894. Collected by Frank B. Armstrong. Receivedfrom Walter F. Webb.Icterus Salvinii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 19: 51 (not earlier than Apr. 30),1867.
^=Icterus mesomelas salvinii Cassin. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 10: 124, 1937.41400. Adult male. Turrialba, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. May27, 1865. Collected by Julian Carmiol.33369. Subadult (sex not indicated). Comandancia do San Carlos (atthe confluence of the Rio Arenal with the Rio San Carlos), Provinceof Alajuela, Costa Rica. Entered into the museum register on Mar.24, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.40423. Adult (sex not indicated). Greytown=San Juan del Norte, De-partment of Chontales, Nicaragua. Entered into the museum registeron Dec. 25, 1865. Collected by H. E. Holland. Original number 18.Cassin's series was composite, including birds later to be named Icterusmesomelas carrikeri Todd. The type locality of salvinii was inferentiallyrestricted to "Costa Rica" by Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia51: 34, 1899), and accordingly only those skins seen by Cassin from CostaRica and Nicaragua may now be considered cotypes. In addition to thethree listed above, there was, in Washington, No. 33368 (with all data asfor No. 33369), now vanished from the collection, and in Philadelphia areNos. 3449 and 3452, from "Costa Rica."Stone {loc. cit.) has claimed his No. 3449 as the type, but if any specimenis to be made a lectotype, clearly it must be one of those in Washingtonpossessed of full data.Icterus mesomelas taczanowskii RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3 : 153, Apr. 15, 1901.101265. Adult (sex not indicated). "Guayaquil, Ecuador," error="theinterior of Ecuador" [fide Jones, in epist. Nov. 11, 1884). Enteredinto the museum register on Jan. 5, 1885. Received from William H.Jones, who acquired it, with other birds, from "Mr. Cartright Agt.P.S.N. Co. Guayaquil as a gift" {in epist. cit.).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 571Genus AGELAIUS VieiUotIcterus tricolor AudubonBirds of America (folio) , pi. 388, fig. 1, 1837.=Agelaius tricolor (Audubon). See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38: 302, 1932.2836. Adult male. Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, California.April? 1836. Collected by Thomas Nuttall. Received from SpencerF. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.Agelaius phoeniceus arctolegus OberholserAuk 24 (3): 332, July 1907.
=Agelaius phoeniceus arctolegus Oberholser. See Helhnayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10 : 159, 160, 1937.195233. Adult female. Fort Simpson (at the confluence of the LiardRiver with the Mackenzie) , District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories,Canada. May 26, 1904. Collected by Edward A. Preble. Originalnumber 1783. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 153, Apr. 15, 1901.
=Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 161, 1937.153275. Adult female. Cedar Hill ("a district lying about three milesnorth of Victoria in the vicinity of a 575 foot eminence sometimescalled Cedar Hill but correctly referred to as Mount Douglas," fideDavid A. Munro, in epist.), Vancouver Island, British Columbia,Canada. Apr. 19, 1895. Collected by "Mus." Original number 665.Received from the Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C.
"Mus." may mean that the bird was collected by some member of themuseum staff, possibly John Fannin, but no light is thrown upon this byrecords now available at the Provincial Museum {jide C. J. Guiguet, in epist.) .Agelaius gubernator californicus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 59, January 1897.
=Agelaius phoeniceus californicus Nelson. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 301, 1932.74278. Adult female. Stockton, San Joaquin County, California. Apr.17, 1878. Collected by Lyman Belding.One wing of a male, its mate, is attached to this specimen.Agelaius phoeniceus neulralis RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3 : 153, Apr. 15, 1901.
=Agelaius phoeniceus neutralis Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 302, 1932.134297. Adult female. Jacumba, San Diego County, California. May26, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 10933.United States-Mexican International Boundary Commission.
572 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221A[gelaius]. phoeiiiceus sonoriensis RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 370, September 1887.
=Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway. See Van Rossem, Condor28: 226, 227, 1926.4598. Adult (apparently female). Colorado River, Imperial County,California. March 1854. Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Originalnumber 50. United States-Mexican Boundary Survey (1851-1855).4600. Iimnature female. Colorado River, Imperial County, California.1854? Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 50.United States-Mexican Boundary Survey (1851-1855).49771. Immature female (not male). Camp Grant ("60 miles east ofTucson"), Pima or Cochise County, Arizona. February 10, 1867.Collected by Edward Palmer.58278. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Apr. 1, 186-( entered into the museum register in July 1869) . Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson. Original number 1196.58281. Adult female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Mar. 30, 186-(entered into the museum register in July 1869) . Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson.58283. Adult female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. 186- (en-tered into the museum register in July 1869). Collected by Andrew J.Grayson, Original number 1195.58284. Adult female. Original number 1193. Other data same as forNo. 58283.58285. Adult female. Original number 1194. Other data same as forNo. 58283.Ridgway stated that he had examined 12 females and 1 male of this race,of which he gave the range as "Northwestern Mexico and lower ColoradoValley, in southern California and Arizona; south to Mazatlan." The 8specimens listed above were all available for Ridgway's use in 1887, but onlypresumably belong with the form currently known as sonoriensis.The type locality was restricted to Mazatlan by Ridgway (Birds of Northand Middle America 2: 338, 1902). This means that the lectotype shouldbe drawn from the 5 specimens last listed above, and preferably from thelast 4 (females). No. 49771, however, carries a red type label on whichRidgway himself has at some time written "Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensisRidgw." For this reason. Camp Grant, Arizona, has been adopted as typelocality of sonoriensis, and we find ourselves with a single topotype, im-mature and possibly unidentifiable to subspecies. Ridgway's original re-striction to Mazatlan should again be honored.Nos. 4600 and 58285 at some time entered Ridgway's private collectionand then suffered loss of their original labels.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 573Agelaius phoeniceus nyaritensis Dickey and Van RossemProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 131, Nov. 13, 1925.157471. Adult male. Santiago Ixcuintla, State of Nayarit, Mexico. June14, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 4489. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Agelaius phoeniceus grandis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 57, January 1897.
=Agelaius phoeniceus gubernator (Wagler). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 10: 170, 171, 1937.144780. Adult female. Atlixco, State of Puebla, Mexico. July 29, 1893.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1435. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Agelaius phoeniceus richmondi NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 58, January 1897.
=Agelaius phoeniceus richmondi Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 10: 170, 1937.144766. Adult female. Tlacotalpam, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Apr.21, 1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 1959. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Agelaius phoeniceus megapotanius OberholserWilson Bull. 31 (1) : 20, March 1919.207912. Adult female. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. Feb. 17,1911. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Original number 7093. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Agelaius phoeniceus fortis RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 153, Apr. 15, 1901.
=Agelaius phoeniceus fortis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 10: 160, 1937.88092. Adult female. Omaha, Douglas County, Nebraska. Mar. 9, 1878.Collected by Robert W. Shufeldt. Original number 204.Agelaius phoeniceus litloralis Howell and Van RossemAuk 45 (2) : 157, Apr. 16, 1928.298920. Adult female. Santa Rosa Island (at a point opposite MaryEsther, on the mainland), Okaloosa County, Florida. Apr. 19, 1926.Collected by Arthur H. Howell. Original number 2102. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Agelaius phoeniceus mearnsi Howell and Van RossemAuk 45 (2) : 159, Apr. 16, 1928.176936. Adult female. "Alligator Bluff," Kissimmee River, OsceolaCounty, Florida. Apr. 27, 1901. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns.Origfinal number 12560.
574 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221A[gelaius]. phoeniceus bryanti RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 370, September 1887.
=Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti Ridgway. See Bond, Check-list of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 157, 1950.106121. Adult male. Bahama Islands. Entered into the museum registeron December 4, 1886. Collected by (or for) Henry Bryant. Originalnumber 609. Received from the Henry Bryant Collection.106122. Immature (sex not indicated, but apparently male). BahamaIslands. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 4, 1886. Collectedby (or for) Henry Bryant. Original number 608. Received from theHenry Bryant Collection.108546. Immature female. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Apr.5, 1886. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.108547. Immature female. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands. Mar.26, 1886. Collected by Willard Nye, Jr. Received from the U.S. FishCommission.Nos. 106121 and 106122 are skins from the Bryant Collection that hadlain in the museum for some time before it was discovered that they hadnever been entered into the register.Ridgway included, in his original series, an adult pair from Miami, andan adult female from Key West; these specimens are now considered rep-resentative of Agelaius phoeniceus floridanus Maynard, and have accordinglylost their status as cotypes of bryanti.Agelaius quisqueyensis Danforth and EmlenProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 40: 147, Dec. 2, 1927.
=Agelaius humeralis (Vigors). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 10: 171, 1937; Bond, Check-list of birds of the West Indies,ed. 3, p. 157, 1950.311369. Adult male. Artibonite Sloughs, near Saint Marc, Haiti, Islandof Hispaniola. July 29, 1927. Collected by Stuart T. Danforth. Orig-inal number S.D. 684. Received from Stuart T. Danforth, in whoseprivate collection it was No. 534.Agelaius xanthomus monensis BarnesAuk 62 (2) : 299, Apr. 16, 1945.377479. Adult male. Mona Island (in the Mona Passage, 48 miles offthe western coast of Puerto Rico), Caribbean Sea. Apr. 6, 1944. Col-lected by Ventura Barnes, Jr. Original number 887. Received fromVentura Barnes, Jr.Genus NESOPSAR P. L. Sclater[Icterus] nigerrimus OsburnZoologist 17: 6662, 1859.
=Nesopsar nigerrimus (Osburn). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofAmericas 10: 185, 1937.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 57523338. Adult female. Freeman's Hall, Trelawny Parish, CornwallCounty, Jamaica. Feb. 11, 1859. Collected by W. Osburn. Originalnumber 83. Received from Philip L. Sclater.Osburn had four specimens, of which ours was the fourth taken. Allcame into the possession of Philip L. Sclater, from whom we acquired ourNo. 23338 in January 1862; the three others remained in his hands andwere listed by him in Catalogue of a Collection of American Birds, p. 139,May 1862. These three are now deposited in the British Museum (NaturalHistory) , and one of them, an adult male, has been designated "Type of thespecies" by Sclater (Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum 11: 354,1886). Sclater's lectotype is, however, but one of four equivalent cotypes.Hellmayr {loc. cit.) states that the type locality is "lower mountains ofJamaica," but this results from careless perusal of Osburn's article. The oneexample seen in "the lower mountains" was not procured; the four taken
"during the first six weeks of the year" were all from Freeman's Hall, in
"The Black Grounds," which must then be considered the type locality.Genus LEISTES VigorsLeistes erythrothorax "(Natterer)" von PelzelnZur Ornithologie Brasiliens 3: 197, 326, January 1870.
=Leistes militaris militaris (Linnaeus) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 10: 197, 1937.60589. Adult male. Rio Madeira (in the vicinity of the mouth of theRio Mahici), State of Amazonas, Brazil. Nov. 16, 1829. Collected byJohann Natterer. Original number "612"=1123. Received from theNaturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.60588. Adult female. Praia de Cajutuba, State of Para, Brazil. Marchor April 1835. Collected by Johann Natterer. Original number
"835"=:1123. Received from the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.This name was bestowed upon a series of 20 specimens, from severallocalities. Hellmayr {loc. cit) states that the type, from Cajutuba, is in theVienna Museum, but in fact all of the original series are quivalent cotypes.Genus STURNELLA VieillotStumella magna alticola NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 266, July 1900.144524. Adult male. Ocuilapa, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Aug. 21, 1895.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2975. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Sturnella magna inexspectata RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 587, Aug. 6, 1885.112127. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua (the southbank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth, is con-
5*76 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
tested territory). July 19, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Original number 2029.Ridgway's classical orthography of the subspecific name has been, evenby himself, quite unnecessarily emended to inexpectata.Sturnella neglecta confluenla RathbunAuk34(l):68,Jan.2,1917.364855. Adult male. Seattle, King County, Washington. Apr. 5, 1895.Collected by Samuel F. Rathbun. Original number 105. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which acquired it fromSamuel F. Rathbun.Sturnella neglecta AudubonBirds of America 7: 339, pi. 489, 1844.1939. Adult male. Fort Union (near the confluence of the YellowstoneRiver with the Missouri), Williams or McKenzie County, North Da-kota (see my comments under Alauda Spragueii, p. 474) . June 30, 1843.Collected by John J. Audubon. Received from Spencer F. Baird, whoacquired it from John J. Audubon.Genus DOLICHONYX SwainsonDolichonyx oryzivorus, var. albinucha RidgwayBull. Essex Inst. 5 (11) : 192, November 1873.
=Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 10 : 220, 1937.61728. Adult male. Ogden, Weber County, Utah. June 17, 1872. Col-lected by C. Hart Merriam. Original number 85. U.S. GeologicalSurvey of the Territories, 1872.In the original description, no type was designated, but the range wasgiven as "Missouri Plains and Rocky Mountains, west to Ruby Valley,Nevada; Salt Lake Valley." Fortunately, the race was redescribed in thesame journal on page 198, where we find "(Type, No. 1739, Mus. R.R., $ad., Ogden, Utah.)."It is not at all easy to foUow Ridgway's reasons for making this specimenthe type. It became part of the national collection sometime between Julyand October 1872, and was entered into the register as No. 61728. BeforeNovember 1873, when albinucha was described, it had been transferred intoRidgway's private collection as his No. 1739, and in the course of its trans-lation suffered loss of Merriam's original label in favor of one of Ridgway'sown, onto which only partial data were transcribed. It seems not to haveoccurred to the author to use as his type No. 61729, a male of almostidentical data, which had never left the museum collection. The date ofreturn of No. 61728 is now unknown.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 577Family THRAUPIDAE: TanagersGenus TANAGRA LinnaeusPipra galericulata GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 21,]pi. 5, fig. 2, 1841.=Tanagra musica elegantissima (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 9: 21, 1936.560. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromSpencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John G. Bell.47703. Adult (sex not indicated). "Texas." "1838." Received fromJacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275). The labelscarried by No. 560 lend strong support to the thesis there elaborated. Onone side of the oldest we find (in Baird's least legible hand) : "560 PipraGalericulata Giraud/Texas/B[ell]. N Y 1842." On the next oldest is writtenthe following: "Belongs to Coll. S. F. Baird/560 Euphone elegantissima.Bp $ /Type of Pipra galericulata. Giraud/'Texas' Tamaulipas. ? J. G.Bell."Tanagra xanthogastra quitensls NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 16, Sept. 27, 1912.=Tanagra xanthogaster quitensis Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9 : 25, 26, 1936 ; Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov.1225:6, 1943.30929. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male) . "Quito," Ecuador.Entered into the museum register on December 18, 1863. Receivedfrom Charles R. Buckalew.Euphonia Anneae CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1865 (3) : 172 (not earlier thanAug. 29), 1865.=Tanagra anneae anneae (Cassin). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 28, 1936.39038. Adult male. Santa Rosa ("a small village near Santo Domingode Heredia, traversed by the railway from San Jose to Alajuela," fideCarriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:353, 1910), Province of Heredia,Costa Rica. Mar. 30 (not 3), 1865. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Euphonia godmani BrewsterAuk 6 (2) : 90, April 1889 (author's edition published on Jan. 31, 1889)
.
=Tanagra godmani (Brewster). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 9: 34, 1936.51515. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. March 1868.Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff.
578 U-S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus TANGARA BrissonCalospiza florida arcaei RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 149, Apr. 15, 1901.=Tangara florida florida (Sclater and Salvin). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 9: 95, 1936; Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1245: 2,1943.146386. Adult male. Department of Veraguas, Panama. 1875? Col-lected by Enrique Arce. Received as part of the Boucard Collection.Calliste versicolor LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 1 (5-6) : 152 [p. 153 in separate], June 1878.=Tangara cucullata versicolor (Lawrence) . See Bond, Check-list of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 160, 1950.74079. Adult male. Saint Vincent Island, Windward Islands, CaribbeanSea. February 1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Originalnumber 467.74081. Adult female. Saint Vincent Island, Caribbean Sea. February1878. Collected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 466.There were originally five cotypes, three males and two females, of whichNos. 74077, 74078, and 74080 have vanished from the collection withouttrace.Tangara fucosus [sic'\ NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 17, Sept. 27, 1912.=Tangara jucosa Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 9: 165, 1936; Zimmer, Amer. Mus. Nov. 1245: 2, 1943.232996. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,000 feet), near the headof the Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. May 1, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15640. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus IRIDOSORNIS LessonT[anagra]. analis von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 287, 1844.
=Iridosornis analis analis (von Tschudi). See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica, New York 27: 52, 1942.41919. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This form was described from an undisclosed number of cotypes. Hell-mayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas 9: 179, 1936) states categorically
"type in Neuchatel Museum," but this must be in error, since von Berlepschand Hellmayr (Journ. fiir Orn. 53: 6-20, 1905) mention no specimen seenby them there. At least one other cotype, received as part of the SclaterCollection, is preserved in the British Museum (Natural History).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 579Genus BANGSIA PenardButhraupis caeruleigularis "Cherrie" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16 : 609, Oct. 28, 1893.
=Bangsia arcaei cceruleigularis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 194, 1936.128840. Adult male. Buena Vista ("on the San Carlos River at a pointabout midway between the headwaters of that river and the point knownas La Muelle de San Carlos," fide Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6 : 336,1910), Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. August 14 (not 4), 1892.Collected by F. (or A.) Castro and ? Fernandez. Original number8287. Received from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San Jose.Genus DUBUSIA BonaparteDubusia carrikeri WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 11, Dec. 30, 1946.388179. Adult male. "Between 8,500 and 9,500 feet on the south sideof the main valley of the Rio Guatapuri, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta,"Department of Magdalena, Colombia. Mar. 28, 1946. Collected byMelbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 8160.Genus THRAUPIS BoieThraupis virens caesitia WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 139(2) : 23, July 8, 1959.469168. Adult female. Island of Escudo de Veraguas, Caribbean Seao?F the Province of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Mar. 2, 1958. Collectedby Alexander Wetmore. Original number 22248.Thraupis virens cumatilis WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 94, July 8, 1957.461334 (not 416334) . Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off theProvince of Veraguas, Panama. Jan. 23, 1956. Collected by Alex-ander Wetmore. Original number 20419.T[anagra]. frugilegus von TschudiArchiv fur Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 286, 1844.=Thraupis bonariensis darwinii (Bonaparte). See Friedmann andDeignan, Zoologica, New York 27: 52, 1942.41913. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male) . Peru. Collectedby Johann J. von Tschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.At least one other cotype, received as part of the Sclater Collection, isdeposited in the British Museum (Natural History), London.
580 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus SPINDALIS Jardine and SelbySpindalis zena townsendi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 3, Apr. 25, 1887.108525. Adult male. Great Abaco Island, Bahama Islands, Mar. 26,1886. Collected by Charles H. (not W.) Townsend. Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.Spindalis benedicti RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3: 22 [p. 2 in extra], Feb. 26, 1885.
=Spindalis zena benedicti Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 241, 242, 1936.102675. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea oflP the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 29, 1885. Collected by JamesE. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus RAMPHOCELUS DesmarestRampliocelus dimidialus isthmicus RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 150, Apr. 15, 1901.16883. Adult male. Frijoles Station, Panama Canal Zone. Enteredinto the museum register on Feb. 20, 1860. Collected by JamesMcLeannan.Ramphocelus dimidiatiis arestus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 97, July 8, 1957.461317. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 8, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20095.Genus PIRANGA VieiUotPyranga Cooperi RidgwayProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1869: 130 (not earlier thanJune 29), 1869.=Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 9: 273, 1936.34344. Adult male. Los Pinos, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. June20, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 375.34345. Adult female. Los Pinos, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. June22, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 391.Piranga hepatica oreophasma OberholserAuk 36 (1): 74, Jan. 5, 1919.=Piranga flava dextra Bangs. See Sutton and Phillips, Condor 44: 277-279, 1942.168379 (not 168397). Pine Canyon (at elev. 6,000 feet), Chisos Moun-tains, Brewster County, Texas. June 3, 1901. Collected by Harry C.Oberholser. Original number 290. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.
TiTE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 581Pyranga figlina Salvin and GodmanBiologia Centrali-Americana, Aves 1 : 293, December 1883.
=Piranga flava figlina Salvin and Godman. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 283, 1936.74693. Adult male. Manati River, British Honduras. 1866? Collectedby Christopher D. Wood, for Karl H. Berendt. Original number 2205.Received from Henry Bryant, in whose private collection it was No.511.A second cotype, a female from Guatemala, was in the Salvin-Godman Col-lection and is now deposited in the British Museum (Natural History),London.Pyranga testacea P. L. Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1868 (2) : 388, October 1868.
=Piranga flava testacea Sclater and Salvin. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 282, 1936.52359. Adult male. Chitra, Department of Veraguas, Panama. 1868?Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 1537. Received fromOsbert Salvin.52360. Adult female. Calovevora, Department of Veraguas, Panama.1868? Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 1539. Receivedfrom Osbert Salvin.Sclater and Salvin based this name upon "several skins of both sexes,"all from either Chitra or Calovevora. Sclater has listed (Catalogue of thebirds in the British Museum 11: 184, 1886) two males and one female, allof which m.ust be considered cotypes. Our birds, each labeled "Pyrangatestacea, Scl & Salv./Typical specimen," were entered into the museumregister on Oct. 21, 1868.Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelae RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3 : 149, Apr. 15, 1901.
=Piranga roseo-gularis cozumelae Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 9 : 286, 1936.102689. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male) . Cozumel Island,Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of the State of Yucatan, Mexico.January 29, 1885. Collected by James E. Benedict and Thomas Lee.Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.P[iranga]. leucoptera latifasciata RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 457, September 1887.
=::^Piranga leucoptera latifasciata Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9 :289, 1936.42870. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Navarro, Prov-ince of Cartago, Costa Rica. January 1866. Collected by Juan J.Cooper. Original number 10.47430. Adult female. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. Sept. 30, 1866. Collected by Julian Carmiol.
582 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22162009. Adult male. Department of Chiriqui, Panama. Entered into themuseum register on Nov. 10, 1872. Collected by Enrique Arce.Original number 3185. Received from Osbert Salvin.62010. Adult female. Calobre, Department of Veraguas, Panama. En-tered into the museum register on Nov. 10, 1872. Collected byEnrique Arce. Received from Osbert Salvin.This name was based upon an unstated number of specimens from "CostaRica and Veragua"; the four here listed seem to have been the only onesavailable to Ridgway in 1887, and all must be considered equivalent cotypes.At some time unknown Ridgway made No. 62009 the lectotype, probablysimply because it is a male and is less badly prepared than No. 42870. Hisunthinking selection leads into a curious predicament any one who attachesimportance to a lectotype, since No. 62009 comes not from Veraguas, butfrom Chiriqui, and thus from a locality from which the form was notrecorded at the original description. Its oldest label is one of Arce's, onwhich appears the printed name "Veragua," followed by the name "Chiriqui"in ink; "Veragua" presumably should have been crossed out. Ridgwayseems to have supposed that Chiriqui was a settlement in Veraguas, ratherthan a region of equal political status. In any event, until the populationsof Costa Rica and western Panama are shown to be distinguishable, all fouispecimens must be listed as cotypes.P[iranga]. flammea RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 457, September 1887.
=Piranga bidentata flammea Ridgway. See HelLmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 292, 1936.50824. Adult male. Tres Marias Islands, eastern Pacific Ocean off theState of Nayarit, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on Apr. 24,1868. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 97.Genus CHLOROTHRAUPIS Salvin and GodmanPhcEnicothraupis carmioli LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 9(1-4): 100, April 1868.
=Chlorothraupis carmioli carmioli (Lawrence) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 9: 297, 1936.39039. Adult male. Angostura, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica. March11, 1865. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Genus HABIA BlythPhcEnicothraupis rubicoides roseus NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12:60, Mar. 24, 1898.=Habia ruhica rosea (Nelson) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 9:309, 1936.156121. Adult male. Arroyo de Juan Sanchez, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.Apr. 5, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 583
man. Original number 4043. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Phoenicothraupis rubicoides affinis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 66, January 1897.
? Habia rubica affinis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 9: 307, 1936.143571. Adult male. Pinotepa, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Feb. 21, 1895.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 2538. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Phoenicothraupis rubica nelsoni RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 142 (in key), 145, Oct. 16,1902.=Habia rubica nelsoni (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 308, 1936.167863. Adult male. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. Dec. 27,1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7417. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.167864. Adult male. Apazote, State of Campeche, Mexico. Dec. 27,1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7418. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.167874. Adult male. Puerto Morelos, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Mar.12, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7710. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.167875. Adult female. Puerto Morelos, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Mar.12, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7711. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.167876. Adult male. Puerto Morelos, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Mar.13, 1901. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7731. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildhfeService.Phoenicothraupis alfaroana RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 212, Oct. 17, 1905.=Habia rubica alfaroana (Ridgway) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9:306, 1936.199961. Adult male. Hacienda "Miravalles" (a large cattle ranch on theslopes of the Volcan de Miravalles, fide Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.6:346, 1910), Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Aug. 23, 1895.Collected by Cecil F. Underwood. Received from the Museo Nacionalde Costa Rica, San Jose, where it was No. 9726.50093&?61 38
584 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221No locality for this specimen appears either on the label or in the museumregister; Ridgway's information must have come to him by letter from thecollector.Phoenicothraupis littoralis NelsonAuk 18(1): 48, January 1901.=Habia gutturalis littoralis (Nelson) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 310, 1936.166208. Adult male. Frontera, State of Tabasco, Mexico. Mar. 4, 1900.Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Originalnumber 6668. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Phoenicothraupis salvini peninsiilaris RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 150, Apr. 15, 1901.=Hahia gutturalis peninsularis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 311, 1936.146607. Adult male. "Izalam," State of Yucatan, Mexico. January 1880.Collected by George F. Gaumer. Received as part of the BoucardCollection.The locality "Izalam," which appears on Boucard's private label, is prob-ably a misspelling of Izamal.Phoenicothraupis salvini discolor RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 150, Apr. 15, 1901.=Habia gutturalis discolor (Ridgway) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 312, 1936.126942. Adult male. Vicinity of the International Planting Company("LP.") Plantation (on the Rio Escondido, 50 miles from Bluefields),Department of Zelaya, Nicaragua. May 12, 1892. Collected by CharlesW. Richmond. Original number 3910.Genus LANIO VieiUotLanio melanopygius RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 412, Apr. 26, 1884.
=Lan.io aurantius melanopygius Salvin and Godman. See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 9 : 320, 1936.91818. Adult male. Pozo Azul de Pirris (a region of heavy forest on theRio Grande de Pirris, about ten miles from the Pacific Ocean), Prov-ince of San Jose, Costa Rica. May 1883. Collected by Juan Zeledon.Received from Jose C. Zeledon.Ridgway's name was adopted from his unpublished manuscript and firstused by Salvin and Godman (Biologia Centrali-Americana, Aves 1:305,December 1883). The specimen that lay before them, however, was one oftheir own collection from Chiriqui, which is accordingly the type of Laniomelanopygius "Ridgway" Salvin and Godman, 1883, while our No. 91818is the type only of Lanio melanopygius Ridgway, 1884.
TYPE SPECIIVIENS OF BIRDS 585Genus TACHYPHONUS VieillotChlorospingus axillaris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (12-13) : 395 (not earlier thanMarch), 1874.=Tachyphonus luctuosus axillaris (Lawrence) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 9: 340, 341, 1936.64522. Immature male. "Volcan de Irazu," error="Talamanca"=(probably) Sipurio (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6: 354, 1910),Costa Rica or Panama (contested territory). 1873 (entered into themuseum register on November 3). Collected by Jose C. Zeledon.Original number 525. Received from William M. Gabb.Only "C. Rica" appears on the label, but the locality given in the museumregister is "San Jose." The substitution of "Talamanca," by Ridgway(Birds of North and Middle America 2: 135, 1902), was based upon infor-mation received directly from the collector.Tachyphonus nitidissimus SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1870 (2) : 188, November 1870.=Tachyphonus luctuosus nitidissimus Salvin. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 9: 342, 1936.62015. Adult female. Bugaba, Department of Chiriqui, Panama. 1867-1869. Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 2830. Receivedfrom Osbert Salvin.Other cotypes of this name are two adult males and one adult femalein the British Museum (Natural History), ex the Salvin-Godman Collection.Tachyphonus luctuosus pananiensis ToddProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30: 128, July 27, 1917.207427. Adult male. Gatun, Panama Canal Zone. Feb. 1, 1911. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 13503. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Chlorospingus brunneus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (12-13) : 395 (not earlier thanMarch) 1874.=Tachyphonus delatrii delatrii Lafresnaye. See Helhnayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 342, 343, 1936.64520. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). "Volcan deIrazu," error="Talamanca"=( probably) Sipurio (see Carriker, Ann.Carnegie Mus. 6:354, 1910), Costa Rica or Panama (contested ter-ritory). 1873 (entered into the museum register on November 3).Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 103. Received fromWilliam M. Gabb.64521. Immature (sex not indicated). "Volcan de Irazu," error="Tala-manca." 1873. Collected by Jose C. Zeledon. Original number 690.Received from William M. Gabb.
586 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
"Costa Rica" appears on the labels, but the locality given in the museumregister is "San Jose." The substitution of "Talamanca," by Ridgway (Birdsof North and Middle America 2: 137, 1902), was based upon informationreceived directly from the collector.Genus RHODINOCICHLA HartlaubRhodinocichla rosea, y8 schistacea "(Ridgw. MS.)" RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 247, 1878 or 1879.
=Rhodinocichla rosea schistacea Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9 : 357, 1936.30160. Adult male. "Sierra Madre," State of Michoacan (not Colima),Mexico. April 1863. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 485.30161. Adult male. "Sierra Madre . . . Neshpa river," State of Micho-acan (not Colima), Mexico. April 1863. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 528.34057. Adult male, Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. June 1862.Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 198.34058. Adult female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. June 1862.Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 196.The localities here given for Nos. 30160 and 30161 have been derivedfrom Xantus's field registers.Rhodinocichla rosea eximia RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 2: 770, Oct. 16, 1902.177415. Adult male. Bugaba (elev. 600 feet). Department of Chiriqui,Panama. July 10, 1901. Collected by Wilmot W. Brown, Jr. Re-ceived from Outram Bangs.This form Avas based upon at least ten adult males, at least ten adultfemales, and an unstated number of immatures, both males and females,every one of which should be considered an equivalent cotype ! It is certainthat not nearly so many specimens of the race were in the collection of theUnited States National Museum, and the fact that No. 177415 (acquired byexchange from Outram Bangs) formed part of the original series leads me tobelieve that a number of the cotypes are now in the Museum of ComparativeZoology, ex the E. A. and O. Bangs Collection. That I have accepted thelectotype, No. 177415, as the only one here to be listed is due mainly to thefact that Ridgway, at the very time of entering the specimen into the museumregister (Nov. 23, 1901), wrote "Type of new subspecies" after its name,thus implying that he had, from the beginning, so intended to designate it,despite his having carelessly failed finally to do so. It may be noted alsothat he neglected to indicate that the name was new at its first pubhcation.Genus CALYPTOPHILUS CoryCalyptophilus frugivorus abbotti Richmond and SwalesProc. Biol. See. Washington 37: 106, Mar. 17, 1924.251669. Adult male, lie de la Gonave (in the Bay of GonaiVes), Haiti,Hispaniola. Feb. 18, 1918. Collected by William L. Abbott.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 587Genus PHAENICOPHILUS StricklandPhaenicophilus polioceplialus coryi Richmond and SwalesProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 107, Mar. 17, 1924.251609. Adult male. lie de la Gonave (in the Bay of Gonaives), Haiti,Hispaniola. Feb. 19, 1918. Collected by William L. Abbott.Phaenicophilus poliocephalus tetraopes Wetmore and LincolnAuk 49(1): 36, Jan. 4, 1932.
==Phaenicophilus poliocephalus poliocephalus (Bonaparte). See Bond,Checklist of birds of the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 162, 1950.327924. Adult male. lie a Vache (off the southern coast of the TiburonPeninsula), Haiti, Hispaniola. Apr. 28, 1931. Collected by Alex-ander Wetmore and Frederick C. Lincoln. Original number 8637.Phaenicophilus palmaruni eurous WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 81 (13) : 3, May 15, 1929.
=Phaenicophilus palmarum (Linnaeus) . See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 162, 1950.252843. Adult male. Saona Island (off the southeasternmost peninsulaof the Dominican Republic), Hispaniola. Sept. 13, 1919. Collectedby William L. Abbott.Genus HEMITHRAUPIS CabanisHemithraupis ornatus [51c] NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 19, Sept. 27 (not 24), 1912.=Hemithraupis flavicollis ornata Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 384, 1936.17880. Adult male. "At the first camp on the Truando, before reachingthe mountains" (see Wood, in Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,for 1860:143, 1860 [''Nemosia auricollis, Sclater"]), Intendency ofChoco, Colombia. Entered into the museum register on July 23, 1860.Collected by Charles J. Wood and William S. Wood, Jr. (not ArthurC. V. Schott). Original number 137. U.S. Survey of the Rio Atrato.Genus CHRYSOTHLYPIS von BerlepschTachyphonus chrysomelas P. L. Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1869 (2) : 440, pi. 32, October 1869.
=Chrysothlypis chrysomelaena chrysomelaena (Sclater and Salvin) . SeeHellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 9: 385, 1936; my remarksbelow.62017. Adult male, Cordillera del Chucu, Department of Veraguas,Panama. 1869. Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 2478.Received from Osbert Salvin.62018. Adult female. Cordillera del Chucu, Department of Veraguas,Panama. 1869. Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 2475.Received from Osbert Salvin.
588 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Sclater and Salvin had "several examples of both sexes." Other cotypesare two adult males and one adult female in the British Museum (NaturalHistory), ex the Salvin-Godman collection, and probably also a male anda female in the same institution, ex the Sclater collection.Since Hellmayr {loc. cit.) has listed this form as Chrysothlypis chrysome-las chrysomelas, it follows that he must have considered the generic nameChrysothlypis masculine. All other names ending with -thlypis, however,have been consistently treated, by himself and others, as feminine {of.Geothlypis, Chamaethlypis, and Eulhlypis), and Chrysothlypis must there-fore also be feminine. If this be granted, we must use a latinized form ofthe feminine ending of the Greek adjective meaning "black." A com-parable case is Turdus protomomelas Cabanis, 1867, which, placed by See-bohm in the genus Merula, became Merula protomomelcena (see Catalogueof the birds in the British Museum 5: 265, 1881).Chrysothlypis chrysomelas ocularis NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 19, Sept. 27 (not 24) , 1912.
=Chrysothlypis chrysomelaena ocularis Nelson. See my remarks underTachyphonus chrysomelas Sclater and Salvin, above.238544. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 3,500 feet), Depart-ment of Darien, Panama. June 6, 1912. Collected by Edward A.Goldman. Original number 15848. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service. Genus THLYPOPSIS CabanisThlypopsis sordida oriiiocensis FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 85, June 25, 1942.316653. Adult male. Isla Orocopiche (in the Rio Orinoco, near Soledad)
,
State of Anzoategui, Venezuela. Dec. 1, 1929. Collected by Ernest G.Holt. Original number 3403. National Geographic Society Venezuela-Brazil Expedition (1929-1930).Genus NESOSPINGUS SclaterChlorospingus ? speculiferus LawrenceIbis (3) 5 (19) : 383, pi. 9, fig. 1, July 1875.
=Nesospingus speculiferus (Lawrence) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 9: 397, 1936.75331. Adult (sex not indicated) . Puerto Rico. Entered into the museumregister on Oct. 18, 1875. Collected by Johannes C. Gundlach.Genus CHLOROSPINGUS CabanisChlorospingus sumichrasti RidgwayProc. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 150, Apr. 15, 1901.
=Chlorospingus ophthalmicus ophthalmicus (Du Bus). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 9: 397, 398, 1936.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 58937511. Adult male. Montana Azul, near Orizaba, State of Veracruz,Mexico. October 1864. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast.Original number 2.Chlorospingus ophthalmicus wetmorei Lowery and NewmanOccas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 22:8, Feb. 5, 1949.360348. Adult male. Volcan San Martin (at elev. 2,500-3,500 feet),Sierra de Tuxtla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Apr. 22, 1940. Col-lected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 798.Chlorospingus alriceps NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 65, January 1897.^=Chlorospingus ophthalmicus postocularis Cabanis. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 9 : 400, 1936.143613. Adult male. Pinabete, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Feb. 9,1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 3446. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Chlorospingus punctulatus P. L. Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1869 (2) : 440, October 1869.62013. Adult male. Cordillera del Chucu, Department of Veraguas, Pan-ama. 1869. Collected by Enrique Arce. Original number 2464.Received from Osbert Salvin.Sclater and Salvin stated that they saw "several specimens." Other co-types are three adult males and one adult female in the British Museum(Natural History), ex the Salvin-Godm.an Collection, and probably also twoadults in the same institution, ex the Sclater Collection.Chlorospingus zeledoni RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. V/ashington 18: 212, Oct. 17, 1905.199498. Adult male. Volcan de Irazii (at elev. 10,500 feet). Province ofCartago, Costa Rica. May 20, 1905. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Hylospingus inornatus NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 18, Sept. 27 (not 24), 1912.
=Chlorospingus inorpMtus (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 9: 409, 1936.238680. Adult male. Mount Pirri (at elev. 5,200 feet), near the head ofthe Rio Limon, Department of Darien, Panama. Apr. 14, 1912. Col-lected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 15497. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus HEMISPINGUS CabanisChlorospingus nigrifrons LawrenceIbis (3) 5 (19): 384, July 1875.
=Hemispingus superciliaris nigrifrons (Lawrence) . See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 9: 422, 1936.75333. Adult (sex not indicated). Ecuador. 187-? Received from theWesleyan University Museum, Middletown, Conn.
590 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Lawrence named five birds at the place cited above, of which three werestated to be based upon specimens in the U.S. National Museum, while twoothers (both from Ecuador) were left without indication of ownership ofthe types. These two were founded upon skins in the collection of the Wes-leyan University, which were later to be presented to us. That our No. 75333(entered into the register on October 18, 1878) is in fact the type of Chlo-rospingus nigrifrons Lawrence is indicated by the fact that measurementson its label, in Lawrence's hand, agree perfectly with those that appear atthe original description. Genus CISSOPIS VieiUotC[issopis]. minor von TschudiUntersuchungen iiber die Fauna Peruana, Orn., p. 211, 1846.
=Cissopis leveriana leveriana (Gmelin). See Friedmann and Deignan,Zoologica, New York 27: 52-53, 1942.41914. Adult (sex not indicated). "Chacaybamba," Peru. Aug. 4,1839. Collected by Johann J. von Tschudi. Received from theNeuchatel Museum.The oldest label carried by this specimen, probably written by von Tschudihimself, has on one side (in ink) : "Pallar. 4.8.39./y. j. c. t. v./Chacay-bamba"; on the other side (in pencil) : "Tangara/noir et blanc."Hellmayr (Catalogue of birds of the Americas, 9: 439, 1936) states thatthe type of von Tschudi's minor is in the Neuchatel Musemn, but neverthelessfailed to list it in Joum. fiir Orn. 53: 6-20, 1905.Family FRINGILLIDAE: Grosbeaks, Finches, BuntingsSubfamily RICHMONDENINAEGenus SALTATOR VieillotSaltator atriceps suffuscus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 106, Aug. 13, 1942.360410. Adult male. Tres Zapotes, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Mar. 5,1940. Collected by Melbourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 367.Saltator magnoides medianus RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 1: 660 (in key), 664, Oct. 24,1901.
=Saltator maximus magnoides Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11:9, 10, 1938.112102. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua (the southbank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth, is contestedterritory). June 24, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Orig-inal number 1995.112103. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. Aug. 11,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2084.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 591Ridgway specified neither type nor type locality, informing us only thathe took the measurements of six males and one female, and that his newform ranged from "Guatemala to Costa Rica." Specimens still in the col-lection show that, even without borrowed material, he could have had notless than 24 cotypes, every one of which might be considered equivalent withevery other!Von Berlepsch (Verb. 5. Internal. Orn.-Kongr. Berlin, p. 1112, 1911 or1912) restricted the type locality to Guatemala, but a MS. memorandum ofthe late Charles W. Richmond states that "there were no specimens fromGuatemala, although Ridgway did include Guatemala in his statement ofrange." This information could have come to him only from Ridgway,and might be considered just one more instance of the extraordinary care-lessness with which this description was put together; in fact, however, therewere a number of Guatemala birds in the collection and, since they were notallocated to some other race, they must have formed part of the series
!
Presumably at Richmond's suggestion, Ridgway was finally to make No.112103 the lectotype, and he himself wrote "Saltator magnoides medianus"on its red type label. This action really amounted to no more than a restric-tion of type locality, only now published for the first time, and one maywonder whether von Berlepsch's earlier published restriction to Guatemalashould not be accepted, in which case the putative cotypes from Guatemalashould be here listed.Fortunately, since Ridgway's name is certainly a synonym of Lafresnaye's,the restriction of type locality becomes of minor importance. Ridgway'sown choice Hes nearer the center of the range covered by his material, andis therefore favored by me. In addition to Ridgway's lectotype, I have herelisted only the cotype that is an exact lectotypical topotype.Saltator francescae Lawrence, ex Grayson (ms.)Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 274, Apr. 25, 1874.
=Saltator coerulescens vigorsii G. R. Gray. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 18, 19, 1938.34038. Immature female. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Enteredinto the museum register on June 9, 1864. Collected by Andrew J.Grayson. Original number 47.35024. Immature male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. August 1&-(entered into the museum register on Oct. 28, 1864). Collected byAndrew J. Grayson. Original number 279.Saltator pliimbiceps "Baird, MS." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 477 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.
==Saltator coerulescens vigorsii G. R. Gray. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 18, 1938.29372. Adult male. Plains of Colima, State of Colima (not Mazatlan,State of Sinaloa), Mexico. January 1863. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 53.
592 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Saltator fulviventris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 41 (not earlier than June 13), 1864.
=Saltator coerulescens coerulescens Vieillot. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 26, 27, 1938.54261. Immature (sex not indicated). Paraguay. 1859? Collected byChristopher D. Wood? Second U.S. Survey of the Rio Parana (1859-1860)
?
Since this specimen was not entered into the museum register until Mar.18, 1869, as one of a large lot of miscellaneous material, it is no longerpossible to say whether it was taken during the first or the second cruise ofthe steamer Water Witch. Nos. 16375 and 16376, an adult and a subadultof the same species, were collected in May 1859 at Asuncion, A number ofskins of diverse species, labeled simply as from "Paraguay," are dated May,June, or July 1859.I am unable to interpret the significance of "3-49," which appears on theobverse of the label of No. 52461.Saltator albicollis scotinus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 98, July 8, 1957.461415. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 26, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20457.Saltator albicollis melicus WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 121 (2) : 29, Dec. 2, 1952.445589. Adult male. Taboga Island (in the Bay of Panama off thePacific entrance of the Panama Canal), Province of Panama, Panama.Mar. 19, 1952. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Watson M.Perrygo. Original number 17356.Genus CARYOTHRAUSTES ReichenbachCaryothrausles canadensis simulans NelsonSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (3) : 16, Sept. 27 (not 24), 1912.238535. Adult male. Santa Cruz de Cana (at elev. 3,000 feet). Depart-ment of Darien, Panama. June 10, 1912. Collected by Edward A.Goldman. Original number 15876. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Pitylus poliogasler scapularis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 586, Aug. 6, 1888.
=Caryothraustes poliogasler scapularis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11 : 48, 1938.91186. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan, about30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Department of Chon-tales, Nicaragua. May 11, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting.Original number 909.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 593Genus RICHMONDENA Mathews and IredaleCardinalis cardinalis floridanus RidgwayManual of North American Birds, ed. 2, p. 606, Apr. 2, 1896.=Richmondena cardinalis floridana (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11 : 68, 1938.54896 (not 54986). Adult female. Enterprise, Volusia County, Florida.Feb. 20, 1869. Collected by George A. Boardman.This is one more specimen that has had its original label removed, to besupplanted by the private label of Robert Ridgway.Richmoudena cardinalis planicola StevensonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 16, Feb. 16, 1940.363607. Adult female. Palo Duro Canyon (two miles north of Palo DuroState Park), Elkins Ranch, Randall County, Texas. Dec. 26, 1936.Collected by Tarleton F. Smith. Original number 1232. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Cardinalis cardinalis superbus RidgwayAuk 2 (4) : 344, October 1885.=Richmondena cardinalis superba (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 71, 1938.98942. Adult male. Fuller's Ranch (a few miles east of Camp Lowell),Cochise County, Arizona. May 30, 1884. Collected by Edward W.Nelson.61541. Adult male. "Colorado River," Arizona. Nov. 30, 1871. Col-lected by Ferdinand Bischofif. Geographical Explorations and SurveysWest of the 100th Meridian ( 1871 )
.
98944. Adult female. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. Jan. 30, 1884.Collected by Edward W. Nelson.No. 61541 at some time entered Ridgway's private collection and nowlacks the original label.A fourth cotype. No. 98945, an adult female, was sent to Edward Bartletton Dec. 6, 1887; its present whereabouts is unknown.Cardinalis cardinalis afiSinis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 28, May 29, 1899.=Richmondena cardinalis affinis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 72, 1938.164258. Adult female. Alamos (lat. 27?0r N., long. 108?58' W.), Stateof Sonora, Mexico. Jan. 28, 1899. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 6144. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Cardinalis igneus BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11: 305 [p. 10, in reprint] (notearlier than Nov. 29) , 1859.
594 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Richmondena cardinalis ignea (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 71, 1938.12990. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 192.26513 (reentered as 122875 and 208218) . Adult male. Cape San Lucas,State of Baja California, Mexico. May 1859. Collected by JohnXantus. Original number 336.26536. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 455.Baird had "a large number of males," aU collected by Xantus at the Cape,and the specimens with which his paper dealt had all been "collected fromthe middle of April to the middle of July, 1859." The only males takenbetween these dates that can possibly have served him as cotypes are Nos.12989 and 12990 (collected in May 1859 and entered into the register onOct. 24, 1859) and Nos. 26508, 26510-26520, 26527, 26530, and 26535-26536 (collected from May to July 1859 and entered into the register inJanuary 1863, together with numerous others collected from August toNovember 1859!). Since Nos. 12989 and 12990 could hardly have beendescribed by Baird as "a large number of males," one is compelled to believethat Xantus's specimens of 1859 came into Washington in small lots thatwere left unregistered until such time as a sizable collection had accumulated,but since it is no longer always possible to guess which ones had reached themuseum prior to Nov. 29, 1859, one must hesitate to admit as cotypes aconsiderable number of the 26000-series (many of which are no longer inexistence)
.
In the original description Baird observed that Xantus's birds "appearedat first sight to be the same with the C. virginianus" Of the five specimens(of all those discussed above) still remaining in Washington, Nos. 12990,26513, and 26536 alone bear, on the obverse face of the oldest label, inBaird's hand, the words "Cardinalis virgin." or "Cardinalis virginianus,"with the specific name crossed out and the name "igneus" written above.No. 26510 was at some time set aside by Richmond as the lectotype, butthis bird has, on the reverse of the oldest label, only the words "Cardinalisigneus" in Baird's hand, so that we may suppose it came to him after he hadlearned to differentiate between igneus and virginianus, and, therefore, afterpublication of the name igneus. The label of this skin, incidentally, is ofanother edition than those used on Nos. 12990, 26513, and 26536, havingthe printed name "John Xantus de Vesey" instead of the simpler "JohnXantus."No. 26514 is conceivably one of the cotypes, but it suffered the misfortuneof entering Ridgway's private collection, at which time its original label wasdestroyed and replaced by one of Ridgway's own; it is, consequently, nolonger possible to ascertain Baird's first identification.No. 26513 at some time entered the private collection of Charles W. Rich-mond (where it became No. 2310) and acquired Richmond's private label
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 595in addition to that of Xantus and Baird. It was returned to the museumon Aug. 24, 1891, when it was reentered as No. 122875. On Jan. 14, 1895,it was sent to Mrs. Pierre L. Jouy, but was again returned on Dec. 14, 1907,to be reentered for the second time as No. 208218!Cardinalis cardinalis sinaloensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 28, May 29, 1899.^Richmondena cardinalis sinaloensis (Nelson) . See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 73, 1938.164375. Adult female. Culiacan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Mar. 18,1899. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 6279.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Cardinalis cardinalis mariae NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 10, Jan. 27, 1898.=Richmondena cardinalis mariae (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 73, 1938.156907. Adult male. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, easternPacific Ocean off the State of Nayarit, Mexico. May 3, 1897. Col-lected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original num-ber 4149. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Cardinalis Virginianus var. coccineus RidgwayAmerican Journal of Science and Arts (3) 5 (25) : 39 (footnote) , Janu-ary 1873.=Richmondena cardinalis coccinea (Ridgway) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 69, 1938.28037. Adult male. Hacienda "Mirador" (near Vera Cruz), State ofVeracruz, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on Mar. 24, 1863.Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius. Original number 63.29702. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Mexico. En-tered into the museum register on Aug. 1, 1863. Collected by AugusteSalle? Original number 100. Received from Auguste Salle.29824. Adult male. Mexico. Entered into the museum register onOct. 15, 1863. Collected by Henri L. F. de Saussure. Received fromHenri L. F. de Saussure.Ridgway gave no indication of the number of specimens examined byhim, but gave the range of his new form as "eastern coast, from Miradorto Honduras" (in the text) and as "Atlantic coast of middle America, fromXalapa to Honduras; Yucatan" (in the footnote). He thus must have hada composite series that would nowadays be divided among coccinea, littoralis,yucatanica, and flammigera!In The American Naturalist 7: 617, October 1873, Ridgway revised thegenus and gave the range of coccinea as "Eastern Mexico (Mirador; Yuca-tan; 'Honduras')."In his "Manual of North American birds" (pp. 442-44-3), he describedyucatanica from Yucatan, and corrected the range of coccinea to "Easternand central Mexico (north to Mirador)," thus implicitly restricting the type
596 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221locality of coccinea to the regions west and northwest of the YucatanPeninsula.In 1897, Nelson was to name littoralis from the extreme southeasterncoastal areas of Veracruz ; he observed that "specimens of Cardinals obtainedat Catemaco and Otatitlam in Vera Cruz, and near Tuxtepec in easternOaxaca, are from a district lying between the type locality of littoralis andthe range of coccineus, of the adjacent country to the north, and show grada-tion between the two forms." This remark further restricted the type localityof coccinea to the central regions of Veracruz and the adjacent parts ofOaxaca. It seems certain that Nelson considered Hacienda "Mirador," theonly definite provenience ever mentioned by Ridgway, to be the unquestion-able type locality of Ridgway's form.However, in his "Birds of North and Middle America" (1: 643 [footnote],1901), Ridgway without explanation made No. 29702 the lectotype, despitethe fact that, of the three specimens of coccinea {in sensu stricto, as a resultof the restrictions just described) in his original series, this was one of twowithout definite data! Having made his choice, he suggested that it waspossibly a Boucard-taken skin from Playa Vicente, Oaxaca. This may bedoubted! No. 29702 came to us from Salle as one of a lot of 27 specimens,some from Santo Domingo, others from Mexico, and, so far as dates are stillon record, taken from May 1858 to January 1861. Some were in fact col-lected by Boucard, others just as certainly by Salle himself. Those knownto have been taken by Boucard carry, on the oldest label, both provenienceand date; others, of which No. 29702 is one, are simply from "Mexique," andwere, I think, of Salle's collecting.That Ridgway, having three skins from which to choose, but one of whichis from a known locality (and that a locality mentioned by him at theoriginal description in 1873), should in 1901 attempt to make No, 29702the type, is to me incomprehensible, and if there is to be a lectotype, I failto see how it can be any other than No. 28037, for which full data areavailable
!
Cardinalis cardinalis littoralis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 64, January 1897.=Richmondena cardinalis littoralis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 69, 1938.144301. Adult male. Coatzocoalcos, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Apr.14, 1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 3690. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.C[ardinalis]. cardinalis yucatanicus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 443, September 1887.=Richmondena cardinalis yucatanica (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 70, 1938.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 59736816. Adult male. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 3, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 97. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.36818. Adult female. Dec. 28, 1864. Original number 72. Other dataas for No. 36816.37936. Adult male. Mar. 2, 1865. Original number 268. Other dataas for No. 36816.37937. Adult male. Mar. 3, 1865. Original number 232. Other dataas for No. 36816.39292. Adult female. Mar. 24, 1865. Original number 311. Otherdata as for No. 36816.100108. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). State of Yuca-tan, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on Oct. 7, 1884. Col-lected by George F. Gaumer.106259. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Temax, Stateof Yucatan, Mexico. January 1885. Collected by George F. Gaumer.Original number 47.106260. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male) . Temax, Stateof Yucatan, Mexico. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 8, 1885.Collected by George F. Gaumer.In his "Birds of North and Middle America" (1: 644 [footnote], 1901),Ridgway inferentially restricted the type locality of yucatanica to Merida, andat some time the late Charles W. Richmond selected No. 36818 as the type.There were, however, at least nine equivalent cotypes, and possibly eleven(if Nos. 36817 and 37938, now missing, vanished from the collection afterSeptember 1887). No. 100107 was sent to Outram Bangs in 1902; it isprobably now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.Nos. 37937 and 39292, listed above, were for a period part of Ridgway'sprivate collection ; as might be expected, the oldest label carried by each oneis Ridgway's own.Cardinalis saturatus RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3: 24 [p. 4 in extra], Feb. 26, 1885.=Richmondena cardinalis saturata (Ridgway) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 70, 71, 1938.102720. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 24, 1885. Collected by JamesE. Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Cardinalis robinsoni RichmondAuk 12 (4) : 370, October 1895.=Richmondena phoenicea (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 74, 75, 1938.151072. Adult male. Margarita Island, Caribbean Sea oil the State ofSucre, Venezuela. July 8, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 460.
598. U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
r Genus PYRRHULOXIA BonapartePyrrhuloxia sinuata texana RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 1: 625 (in key) , 628, Oct. 24, 1901.112362. Adult female. Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas. Jan. 12,1887. Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 27. Receivedfrom George B. Sennett, in whose private collection it was No. 4100,112363. Adult female. Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas. Feb. 4,1887. Collected by George B. Sennett. Original number 80. Receivedfrom George B. Sennett, in whose private collection it was No. 4101.112815. Adult male. Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas. Feb. 9, 1887.Collected by Charles W. Beckham. Original number 2880.112816. Adult female. Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas. Feb. 9,1887. Collected by Charles W. Beckham. Original number 2881.At its first appearance (Auk 14: 95, 1897) , this name was a nomen nudum,based upon birds from "Texas." When it was finally clothed with a descrip-tion in 1901, Ridgway {op. cit., p. 629) gave the type locality as CorpusChristi. By this happy chance, the possible cotypes are reduced to the fourhere listed. No. 112815, the male, was selected by Richmond to be the type,but it is nevertheless only a cotype.Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami RidgwayAuk 4 (4) : 347, October 1887.
=Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata (Bonaparte). See Amadon and Phillips,Auk 64: 579-580, 1947.6369. Adult female. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas. 1854. Collectedby Adolphus L. Heermann. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 32ndParallel and California.6370. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male) . Texas (probablynot from El Paso, El Paso County). 1851-1855. Collected by ArthurC. V. Schott (not John G. Parke). United States-Mexican InternationalBoundary Survey (1851-1855).Ridgway tells us that he examined 17 specimens from "Southern Arizonaand New Mexico and contiguous portion of Northern Mexico," but thendesignated as his type "No. 6370, U.S. Nat. Mus., $ ad., El Paso, Texas;Lieut. J. G. Parke, U.S.A."?in short, a bird from a locality outside therange delineated! Unfortunately, excepting the sex, all the data given forNo. 6370 belong, not with No. 6370, but with No. 6369, an aduh female!Since, however, he gave putative characters for both the male and the femaleof beckhami. No. 6369 might conceivably be considered a cotype with No.6370, and inasmuch as its data are complete, one could wish that it mightbe made the lectotype. Ridgway's errors in connection with No. 6370 werederived either from a misreading of the museum register or from Baird(Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 508, 1858)
.
The initials "J. G. P." on the label of No. 6369 are those of John GrubbParke, the engineer officer in charge of the survey of the Line of the 32nd
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 599Parallel and California, through whom the specimens collected by Heermannwere transmitted to the United States National Museum (see Hume, Orni-thologists of the United States Army Medical Corps, pp. 195-196, 1942 ; andHeermann, in Parke, Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 10:16, 1859)
.
The label of No. 6370 carries the initials "A.S.," which are those ofArthur C. V. Schott, who acted as one of the naturalists with the BoundarySurvey of 1851-1855, and was wholly unaffiliated with Lieutenant Parke'sexpedition.Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulae RidgwayAuk 4 (4) : 347, October 1887.=Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulae Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 77, 1938.87547. Adult male. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico.Apr. 13, 1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.Genus PHEUCTICUS ReichenbachPheucticus tibialis "Baird, MS." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8:478 (not earlier than May 13),1867.
=Pheucticus chrysopeplus tibialis Lawrence. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 79, 1938.42887. Adult (sex not indicated) . Cervantes, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. May 1860. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Original number 57.Received from Alexander von Frantzius.Pheucticus uropygialis meridensis RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18:220, Oct. 17, 1905.
=Pheucticus aureo-ventris meridensis Riley. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 84, 1938.190410. Adult male. Pedregosa (elev. 2,500 meters). State of Merida,Venezuela. May (not Apr.) 29, 1903. Collected by Salomon BriceiioG. and daughters.Fringilla maculata AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4 (75) : pi. 373, figs. 2, 3, and 4, 1837.[Hedymeles melanocephalus] var. capitalis Bairdin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 2 : 70,January 1874.
=Pheucticus melanocephalus maculatus (Audubon). See Van Rossem,Auk 49:489, 1932; Occas. Pap, Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ.21: 254, footnote 69, 1945.2873. Adult male. Columbia River, Oregon or Washington. July 28,1835. Collected by John K. Townsend. Original number 24. Re-ceived from Spencer F. Baird, who acquired it from John J. Audubon.Oberholser (Auk 36: 410-411, 1919) has shown that "the type of Hedy-meles melanocephalus capitalis Baird ... is without much doubt the very50093e?61 39
600 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
specimen from which Audubon drew the male figure of Fringilla maculatafor his folio plate."Hedymeles melanocephalus papago OberholserAuk 36 (3) : 412, June 28, 1919.
=Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Swainson). See VanRossera, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 21 : 253, 1945.129086. Adult male. Santa Cruz River (west of the Patagonia Moun-tains), Santa Cruz County, Arizona. June 21, 1893. Collected byFrancis X. Holzner. Original number 1634. United States-MexicanInternational Boundary Commission.Genus GUIRACA SwainsonG[uiraca]. coerulea var. eurhyncha CouesAmerican Naturalist 8(9): 563, September 1874.
==^Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha Coues. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11: 90, 1938.8063, Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male) . Mexico. Enteredinto the museum register on Feb. 27, 1858. Collected by John Taylor?Received from John Gould.Coues examined "several" Mexican specimens, but designated no one ofthem as the type. The old-style red type label carried by No. 8063, however,bears the words "Guiraca caerulea/var. eurhyncha, Coues," written by Coueshimself, and for this reason I have listed it alone. Since he was unable todiscern any "difference in the plumage," one must regret that his selectionwas not made from the one subadult male and three adult females availableto him, any one of which possesses more nearly complete data.At the original description Coues gave no generic name beyond the initialG, which may have stood for either Guiraca or Goniaphea. In view of thefact that he himself spelled out Guiraca on the type label, we may supposethat this was the name intended.Guiraca cbiapensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 61, fig. 14, Mar. 24, 1898.
=Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha Coues. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 90, 1938.144319. Adult female. Ocozocoautla, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Aug. 19,1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2964. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. Genus CYANOCOMPSA CabanisP[asserina]. parellina indigotica RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 447, September 1887.
=Cyanocompsa parellina indigotica (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 93, 1938.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 60130142. Adult male. Manzanillo Bay, State of Colima, Mexico. February1863. Collected by John Xantus, Original number 206.P[asserina]. sumichrasti RidgwayManual of North American Birds, p. 447, September 1887.=^yanocompsa parellina indigotica (Ridgway) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 93, 1938.59683. Immature male. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Oct. 28,1869. Collected by A. L. Francois Sumichrast. Original number 951.Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 229, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies).=Cyanocompsa cyanoides cyanoides (Lafresnaye) . See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11 : 96, 97, 1938.146114. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Panama. 1877.Received from Adolphe Boucard.Although theoretically first published in July 1898, in fact "an author'sedition of 100 copies of this paper was issued May 13, 1898 (see Auk 15: 223[footnote 1], July 1898). A MS. note of Ridgway's states: "(100 extrasrec'd and mostly distributed May 14, 1898.?R.R.) ."Cyanocompsa sterea OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 188, Dec. 12, 1901.=Cyanocompsa cyanea sterea Oberholser. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 99, 100, 1938.173416. Adult female. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarrica), Paraguay. July 21, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.Original number 164.Genus PASSERINA VieiUotP[asserina]. versicolor pulchra RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 448, September 1887.=Passenna versicolor pulchra Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 109, 1938.87540. Adult male. Miraflores, State of Baja California, Mexico. Apr.4, 1882. Collected by Lyman Belding,Cyanospiza rositae Lawrence, ex Sumichrast (ms.)Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (12-13) : 397 (not earlier thanMarch) 1874.
=^Passerina rositae (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11:111, 1938.135002. Adult male. Cacoprieto, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. January1872. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast. Original number 4a.Passerina ciris pallidior MearnsProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 217, Oct. 31, 1911.163673. Adult male. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas. May 7, 1898.Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 11800.
602 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus TIARIS SwainsonEuetheia olivacea intermedia RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 3: 22 [p. 2 in extra], Feb. 26, 1885.
=Tiaris olivacea intermedia (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofBirds of the Americas 11: 118, 1938.102710. Adult male. Cozumel Island, Caribbean Sea off the eastern coastof the State of Yucatan, Mexico. Jan. 28, 1885. Collected by James E.Benedict and Thomas Lee. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Euetheia biyanti RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 322, October 1898.
=Tiaris olivacea bryanti (Ridgway). See Bond, Check-list of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 165, 1950.75351. Adult (sex not indicated). Puerto Rico. December 1866-January 1867. Collected by Henry Bryant. Original number 34. Re-ceived as part of the Bryant Collection.Tiaris olivacea ravida WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 100, July 8, 1957.461411. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 31, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20557.Genus SPIZA BonaparteEmberiza Townsendii AudubonOrnithological biography 2: 183, 1834.Euspiza albigula MichenerU.S. agricultural report, p. 287, 1863.Emberiza Auduboni Deane, ex Townsend (ms.)Auk 26 (3) : 271, July 1909.
=^Spiza townsendii (Audubon) . See Ridgway, Birds of North and MiddleAmerica 1: 174, 175, 1901.10282. Adult? male. New Garden, Chester County, Pennsylvania. May11, 1833. Collected by John K. Townsend, for Ezra Michener. Re-ceived from Ezra Michener.For full information on the history of this unique specimen, see Deane,Auk 26 (3) : 269-272, 1909.Subfamily GEOSPIZINAEGenus GEOSPIZA GouldGeospiza albemarlei RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 362, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Geospiza fortis Gould. See Swarth, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci.18: 152, 153, 1931.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 603115977. Immature? male. Tagus Cove, Albermarle Island=IsabelaIsland, Galapagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern PacificOcean off Ecuador. Apr. 10, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend?Received from the U.S. Fish Conmiission.Geospiza fratercula RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 363, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Geospiza fortis Gould. See Swarth, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci.18: 152, 153, 1931.116110. Adult male. Abingdon Island^Pinta Island, Galapagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. Apr. 16,1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend? Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Cactornis breviroslris RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 108, fig. 4, Feb. 5, 1890.
==Geospiza fortis Gould X Geospiza scandens (Gould) ? See Lack,Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci. 21: 11, 1945.115920. Adult (not immature) male. Charles Island=Santa Maria Island,Galapagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean offEcuador. Apr. 8, 1888. Collector unnamed. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission.Geospiza debilirostris RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 363, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Geospiza difficUis debilirostris Ridgway. See Lack, Occas. Pap. Cali-fornia Acad. Sci. 21: 13, 1945.116003. Adult male. James Island=San Salvador Island, GalapagosIslands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador.Apr. 11, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend? Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.G[eospiza], intermedia RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 361, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Geospiza scandens (Gould). See Lack, Occas. Pap. California Acad.Sci. 21:15, 1945.115916. Adult male. Charles Island=Santa Maria Island, GalapagosIslands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador.Apr. 8, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend? Received from theU.S. Fish Commission.Geospiza fatigata RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 18:293, Apr. 23, 1896.
=Geospiza scandens (Gould) . See Swarth, Occas. Pap. California Acad.Sci. 18:193, 1931; Lack, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci. 21:15,1945.116048. Adult male. Indefatigable Island=Santa Cruz Island, Gala-pagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecua-dor. Apr. 12, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend? Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.
604 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Geospiza conirostris RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 106, fig. 2, Feb. 5, 1890.
=^Geospiza conirostris conirostris Ridgway. See Swarth, Occas. Pap.California Acad. Sci. 18:201,202, 1931.116070. Adult male. Hood Island=Espanola Island, Galapagos Is-lands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. Apr.7, 1888. Collector unnamed. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission.Geospiza media RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 107, fig. 3, Feb. 5, 1890.
=Geospiza conirostris conirostris Ridgway. See Swarth, Occas. Pap.California Acad. Sci. 18: 201, 202, 1931.116072. Adult male. Hood Island=Espaiiola Island, Galapagos Is-lands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. Apr.7, 1888. Collector unnamed. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission. Genus CAMARHYNCHUS GouldCamarhynchus rostralus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 363, Nov. 15, 1894.
=Camarhynchus psittacula psittacula Gould. See Swarth, Occas. Pap.California Acad. Sci. 18: 215-216, 1931.116006. Adult male. James Island=San Salvador Island, GalapagosIslands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador.Apr. 11, 1888. Collected by Charles H. Townsend? Received fromthe U.S. Fish Commission.Camarhynchus townsendi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 110, fig. 5, Feb. 5, 1890.
=Camarhynchus psittacula psittacula Gould. See Swarth, Occas. Pap.California Acad. Sci. 18: 215, 1931; Lack, Occas. Pap. California Acad.Sci. 21:17, 1945.115915. Adidt male (in female plumage) . Charles Island=Santa MariaIsland, Galapagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern PacificOcean off Ecuador. Apr. 8, 1888. Collector unnamed. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.115914. Adult female. Same data as No. 115915.Each of these specimens was described and treated as an equivalent cotype.Camarhynchus pauper RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 111, fig. 6, Feb. 5, 1890.115913. Adult? female. Charles Island=Santa Maria Island, GalapagosIslands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador.Apr. 8, 1888. Collector unnamed. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 605Camarhynchus salvini RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 17: 364, Nov. 15, 1894.=Camarhynchus parvulus salvini Ridgway. See Swarth, Occas. Pap.California Acad. Sci. 18: 232, 1931.125977. Adult male (in female plumage). Chatham Island=San Cristo-bal Island, Galapagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern PacificOcean off Ecuador. Mar. 30, 1891. Collected by Charles H. Town-send. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus CACTOSPIZA RidgwayC[aclorm8]. hypoleuca RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 109, Feb. 5, 1890.
=^Cactospiza pallida hypoleuca (Ridgway) ? See Lack, Occas. Pap. Cali-fornia Acad. Sci. 21 : 18, 1945.115997. Immature? male. James Island=San Salvador Island, Gala-pagos Islands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecua-dor. Apr. 11, 1888. Collector unknown. Received from the U.S.Fish Commission. Genus CERTHIDEA GouldCerthidea cinerascens RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 12: 105, Feb. 5, 1890.
=^Certhidea olivacea cinerascens Ridgway. See Lack, Occas. Pap. Cali-fornia Acad. Sci. 21: 18-19, 1945.116069. Adult male. Hood Island^=Espanola Island, Galapagos Is-lands=Archipielago de Colon, eastern Pacific Ocean off Ecuador. Apr.7, 1888. Collector unnamed. Received from the U.S. Fish Com-mission. Gemis PINAROLOXIAS Bowdler SharpeCocornis Agassizi C. H. TownsendBull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 27 (3) : 123, July 1895.
=Pinaroloxias inornata (Gould). See Swarth, Occas. Pap. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. 18:268, 1931.131680. Adult male. Cocos Island, eastern Pacific Ocean at lat. 5?35'N., long. 87?02' W. Feb. 28, 1891. Collected by Charles H. Town-send. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Subfamily CARDUELINAEGenus COCCOTHRAUSTES BrissonEophona inelanura sowerbyi RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 163, Sept. 21, 1915.
=Coccothraustes migratorius sowerbyi (Riley), fide Deignan (ms.).213242. Adult male. Chang Kow Hsien, Hupeh Province, China. Feb.
606 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2214, 1908. Collected by Walter R. Zappey. Received from the Museumof Comparative Zoology, where it was No. 50107.Hartert and Steinbacher (Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungs-band 1: 36, 37, 1932) have recognized Eophona migratoria pulla Penard asthe bird of the valley of the Yangtze, and have synonymized sowerbyi withmigratoria. The type of sowerbyi, however, represents the resident form ofthe Yangtze valley, and Riley's name has four years' priority over Penard's.Genus MYCEROBAS CabanisMycerobas melanozanthos fratris-regis DeignanAuk 60 (4) : 608, Oct. 7, 1943,336124. Adult male. Doi Suthep (lat. 18?50' N., long. 98?55' E.), atelev. 5,500 feet, Province of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Feb. 2, 1936. Col-lected by Herbert G. Deignan. Original number 900.Genus HESPERIPHONA BonaparteHesperiphona vesperlina, var. montana RidgwayBull. Essex Inst. 5 (11) : 181 [nomen nudum], 189, November 1873.
=Hesperiphona vespertina montana Ridgway. See Grinnell, Condor19: 20-21, 1917.35150. Adult male. Hacienda "Mirador," State of Veracruz, Mexico.June 1864. Collected by Carl C. W. Sartorius. Original number 180.Ridgway {in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North Americanbirds 1 : 449, 1874) gave the range of montana as "Southern Rocky Moun-tains of United States, and mountains of Mexico," and {ibid., p. 450) as
"Southern Rocky Mountains of United States into Mexico; Orizaba! . . .Vera Cruz (alpine regions, breeding) . . . Guatemala . . . ." No type wasspecifically indicated, but, as has been pointed out by Grinnell {op. cit., p.18) , "a virtual type" had been designated by the fact that Ridgway used No.35150 for his drawing (pi. 22, fig. 4) . Despite all this, the label of a skinfrom Cantonment Burgwyn, New Mexico (No. 11960), is the one that bearsthe words "Type of supposed 'var. montana'?RR." (in Ridgway's ownhand). Mearns (Auk 7:247, 1890) was therefore somewhat justified inestablishing No. 11960 as the lectotype.Grinnell's insistence on the importance of No. 35150's having served asmodel for the drawing resulted in reducing mexicana Chapman, 1897, to asynonym of montana, and permitting Grinnell himself to bestow the namewarreni on the bird that ranges from Colorado through New Mexico. Hisreasoning, however, has suflScient cogency to induce me to list here only No.35150, which is certainly the better prepared specimen.More recently, Zimmer (Auk 70: 213, 1953) has thrown new light onthe problem by showing that as far back as 1870 Baird {in Cooper, Geo-logical survey of California, ornithology 1 : 175-176) had referred to Ridg-way's still unnamed form and given its range as "the table-lands of Mexico,
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 607and extending northward into New Mexico." This finding strengthensGrinnell's thesis and would seem to establish No. 35150 as the type beyondthe possibility of further argument.Hesperiphona abeillii [sic] saturate Sutton and BurleighProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 145, Oct. 11, 1939.
=Hesperiphona abeillei saturata Sutton and Burleigh.342075. Adult male. Rio Sabinas, near Gomez Farias, State of Tamauli-pas, Mexico. Mar. 4, 1938. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Orig-inal number 6991. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Hesperiphona abeillii \_sic] cobanensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41 : 155, Oct. 15, 1928.=Hesperiphona abeillei cobanensis Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 150, 1938.30747. Adult male. Cohan, Department of Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala.1861. Collected by Osbert Salvin and/or Frederick Du C. Godman?Received from Osbert Salvin and Frederick Du C. Godman, in whoseprivate collection it was No. 3940.Genus PYRRHULA BrissonPyrrhula coccinea var. Cassini "Baird" Dallin Dall and Bannister, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1(2): 281, 1869.Pyrrhula coccinea De Selys. Var. Cassinii BairdTrans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1 (2) : 316, pi. 29, fig. 1 (not earlier thanOct. 22), 1869.=Pyrrhula pyrrhula cassinii Baird. See Swarth, Proc. California Acad.Sci. (4) 17:248-250, 1928.49955. Adult (apparently female, not male). Nulato (on the YukonRiver, about 13 miles below the mouth of the Koyukuk) , Alaska. Jan.10, 1867. Collected by William H. Dall. Original number 553.Western Union Company's Overland International Telegraph Expe-dition.Pyrrhula coccinea var. Cassini Dall is a nomen nudum.Pyrrhula steerei MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 36: 445, May 22, 1909.
=Pyrrhula leucogenys steerei Mearns. See Mayr, in Delacour and Mayr,Birds of the Philippines, pp. 239-240, 1946.210772. Adult male. Summit of Mount Bliss (elev. 5,750 feet), MountMalindang, Province of Misamis, Mindanao Island, Philippine Islands.June 9, 1906. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 14278.Pyrrhula erythaca wilderi RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 33, May 16, 1918.254074. Adult female. "Eastern Hills"=forest of the Eastern Tombs(about 60 miles east of Peking) , Province of Hopeh, China. February1917. Collected by George D. Wilder. Original number 419.
608 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEXJM BULLETIN 221Genus POLIOSPIZA BonapartePoliospiza albogularls sordahlae FriedmannProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 45: 65, Apr. 2, 1932.331186. Adult male. Mount Brukkaros (at elev. 5,000 feet). GreatNamaqualand, Territory of South-West Africa. July 15, 1930. Col-lected by Margaret Sordahl (Mrs. Louis 0. Sordahl). Original num-ber 7.Crithagra kilimensis RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 155, April 1897.
=Poliospiza burtoni kilimensis (Richmond) . See Sclater, Systema aviumaethiopicarum 2 : 824, 1930.118331. Adult male. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 6,000 feet), MoshiDistrict, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. Aug. 11, 1888.Collected by William L. Abbott.Crithagra striolata affinis RichmondAuk 14 (2) : 156, April 1897.
=Poliospiza striolata striolata (Riippell). See Sclater, Systema aviumaethiopicarum 2:823 (footnote 1), 1930.118319. Adult male. Mount Kilimanjaro (at elev. 6,000 feet), MoshiDistrict, Northern Division, Tanganyika Territory. June 12, 1888.Collected by William L. Abbott.Ge;ms CARPODACUS KaupCarpodacus erythriniis grebnitskii StejnegerU.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 29: 265 (not earlier than July) 1885.89162. Adult male. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Kamchatka District,Far-Eastern Region, U.S.S.R. June 29 (not 6), 1882. Collected byLeonhard H. Stejneger. Original number 1239.Carpodacus purpureus nesophilus Burleigh and H. S. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61 : 122, June 16, 1948.394070. Adult male. Stephenville Crossing (at the head of St. GeorgesBay), southwestern Newfoundland Province, Canada. May 23, 1947.Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 10337. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Carpodacus purpureus rubidus DuvallCondor 47 (5) : 202, Sept. 29, 1945.269192. Adult male. Harstine Island, Mason County, Washington. De-cember 10, 1918. Collected by George G. Cantwell. Original number403, Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.C[arpodacu8]. californicus BairdRep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xxxvii (in list), 411 (in key), 413,1858.
=Carpodacus purpureus californicus Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 303, 1932.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 60910230. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. 1857? (en-tered into the museum register on May 4, 1858). Collected by JohnXantus. Original number 1037.Many specimens supposed to be representative of his new form werelisted by Baird {op. cit., p. 414), but since his diagnosis was based uponcharacters of the male, the potential number of cotypes is immediatelygreatly diminished by subtraction of the females. The number must bestill further restricted by the fact that many, even among the males, wouldnow be considered examples of more recently named races.Grinneli {loc. cit.) has decided that the type should be No. 10230, whichwas the model for pi. 72, fig. 2, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, "Birds ofNorth America," 1860. It by no means follows that the model for a portraitin a later work must be the type of a name; indeed, we know that someplates in the work in question were drawn from specimens not even in theoriginal series of 1858. In fact, however, some restriction of type localitywas in this case essential, and Grinneli has inferentially performed suchrestriction. Since No, 10230 was the only male seen by Baird from FortTejon (and was, moreover, the only one listed on p. 412 in the tabulationof "Comparative measurements of species"), it alone is listed above.Carpodacus cassinii vinifer DuvallCondor 47 (5) : 203, Sept. 29, 1945.367522. Adult male. Swan Lake, Ferry County, Washington. June 17,1942. Collected by Stanley G. Jewett. Original number 1502. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Carpodacus cassinii BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (3) : 119 (not earlier than June27), 1854.=Carpodacus cassinii cassinii Baird. See Duvall, Condor 47: 203-204,1945.6421. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). "Camp 104,"Pueblo Creek (vicinity of Aztec Pass, lat. 34?56' N., long. 112?53' W.),Yavapai County, Arizona {not New Mexico). Jan, 22, 1854. Collectedby Caleb B. R. Kennerly and H. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original number52. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 35th Parallel.6422. Adult female. "75 miles W. of Albuquerque," Valencia County,New Mexico. Nov. 15, 1853. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly andH. Baldwin Mollhausen. Original number 16. Pacific Railroad Survey,Line of the 35th Parallel.There were three cotypes of this form, only two of which are still in themuseum; the third. No. 6420, a male with data as for No. 6421, was sent inApril 1872 to the Museo Nacional, Buenos Aires. Since Baird's diagnosisplaced greater emphasis on characters of the male, Duvall {loc. cit.) hasrestricted the type locality to the provenience of the two males and has estab-lished No. 6421, the male still in Washington, as the lectotype.
610 IT-S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Carpodacus mexicanus sordidus AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 62:29, Mar. 17, 1949.395960. Adult male. Pullman, Whitman County, Washington. July 12,1948. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 11199.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Carpodacus dementis MeamsAuk 15 (3) : 258, July 1898.=Carpodacus mexicanus dementis Mearns. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 304, 1932.134784. Adult male. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. Aug. 25, 1894. Collected by Edgar A. Mearns. Originalnumber 11345. United States-Mexican International Boundary Cora-mission.Carpodacus amplus RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2 (2) : 187, 1876.=Carpodacus mexicanus amplus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 156, 1938.70004. Aduh male. Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N., long. 118? 15' W.)
,
eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico. Feb. 16,1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 8.70005. Adult male. Same data as No. 70004.80452=70006 reentered. Same data as No. 70004.70007. Adult male. Same data as No. 70004.70008. Adult male. Same data as No. 70004.70009. Adult male. Same data as No. 70004.70010. Adult female. Guadalupe Island. Feb. 16, 1875. Collected byEdward Palmer. Original number 7.70011. Aduh female. Same data as No. 70010.80453=70012 reentered. Same data as No. 70010.70013. Immature (sex not indicated). Guadalupe Island. May 5, 1875.Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 39.70014, Immature (sex not indicated). Guadalupe Island. May 5, 1875.Collected by Edward Palmer. Original nimiber 40.Each of the eleven specimens in Ridgway's original series is an equivalentcotype.Nos. 70006 and 70012 at some time entered the private collection of RobertRidgway, had their original labels removed, and, when returned to theMuseum in 1880, were entered into the register under wholly new numbers.Carpodacus frontalis ruberrimus RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 391 (footnote 2), September 1887.
^=Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 155, 1938.12973. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.April 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 20.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 61116510. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.June 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 819.16963. Adult male. Cape San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.Sept. 20, 1859. Collected by John Xantus.26546. Adult male. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico.Dec. 6, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 3449.86285. Adult male. La Paz, State of Baja California, Mexico. Jan. 13,1882. Collected by Lyman Belding.86286. Adult male. Same data as No. 86285.86287. Adult male. Same data as No. 86285.It is no longer possible to give the exact number of adult male cotypesin Ridgway's original series, but entries in the early registers indicate thatmany more than the seven here listed must have lain before him. No localitymore definite than "Cape St. Lucas" was mentioned, and one might havesupposed that when, long afterward, Ridgway chose a lectotype, he wouldhave selected one of the skins so labeled. On the contrary, however, hechose No. 86286, which, in the color of its under tail coverts, does not evenagree with the description of ruberrimus. In fact, despite Ridgway'sassertion that "in all of the 'Cape St. Lucas' specimens the under tail-covertsare deeply tinged with pink," only No. 26546, of those still in the museum,can accurately be so described
!
No. 16963 at some time entered Ridgway's private collection, and nowcarries, as its oldest label, Ridgway's own. No. 86285 is currently in themounted exhibition collection.Carpodacus mexicanus sonoriensis RidgwayBirds of North and Middle America 1 : 135, Oct. 24, 1901.164320. Adult male. Alamos (lat. 27?01' N., long. 108?58' W.), State ofSonora, Mexico. Dec. 30, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 6037. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.164321. Adult male. Original number 6039. Other data same as No.164320.164322. Adult male. Original number 6038. Other data same as No.164320.164323. Adult male. Alamos, State of Sonora, Mexico. Jan. 27, 1899.Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 6136. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.164324. Adult male. Original number 6036. Other data same as No.164320.Ridgway named this form (only inferentially on characters of the male)from a series of three males from Batopilas, Chihuahua, and five males fromAlamos, Sonora. He himself did not consider the two groups quite homoge-neous [op. cit., pp. 135-136 [footnote 3]), and while he indicated neither
612 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221type nor type locality, his choice of a subspecific name enables us to restrictthe type locality to the only possible Sonoran provenience.The five here listed are equivalent cotypes; No. 164324, stated by VanRossem (Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 6:295, 1931), on Richmond'sauthority, to be the type, is only a lectotype, selected without regard for thefact that it is the one bird of the five to have some of the breast feathersabnormally colored
!
Carpodacus mexicanus centralis MooreCondor 39 (5) : 204, Sept. 15, 1937.105265. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Guanajuato,State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Entered into the museum register onJuly 28, 1885. Collected by Alfred Duges.Carpodacus mexicanus coccineus MooreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 128, July 22, 1939.31826. Adult male. "Mountains of Colima"=Volcan de Nieve, at about6,000 feet (see Moore, loc. cit., p. 129) , State of Colima, Mexico. June1863. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1003.Genus LOXIGILLA LessonLoxigilla portoricensis var. grandis LawrenceProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 204, Nov. 25, 1881.
=LoxigiUa portoricensis grandis Lawrence. See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 167, 1950.80930. Adult female. Saint Kitts Island, Leev/ard Islands, Caribbean Sea.1880 (entered into the museum register on Oct. 23). Collected byFrederick A. Ober. Original number 225.Lawrence gave a full description of an unspecified adult male, followingthis with a comment to the effect that "the plumage of the female is similarto that of the male, "and, farther along, giving measurements of an unspeci-fied female. It would thus appear that the type should be a male and thathis reference under "Remarks" to "the female from St. Kitts chosen as thetype" should be considered a lapsus calami, but the one female now in Wash-ington has been set aside by Richmond as the type, and Dr. John T. Zimmer,with whom I have discussed the problem, is in agreement with Richmond.Lawrence stated that the original series consisted of nine specimens fromOber, of which but one, a male, was in olive-colored plumage; he indicatedfurther that the entire series was in the United States National Museum.In fact, however, but three specimens were ever entered into the museumregister, Nos. 80928 (adult male), 80929 (immature male), and 80930 (adultfemale) . The remainder of the series seems to be two adult males now in theAmerican Museum of Natural History, New York, and three adult males andone adult female now in the Chicago Natural History Museum {ex CoryCollection).Even if we are to follow Richmond in accepting a female as type, it isobvious that the Chicago skin (No. 9069) has equal status with ours and that
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 613
each one can only be a cotype. If, on the other hand, an adult male is tobe considered type, then our No. 80928 has no better claim than the two inNew York and the three in Chicago, and all of these must be consideredcotypes.[Loxigilla violacea] p. kahamensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1: 250, 1878 or 1879.
=Loxigilla violacea violacea (Linnaeus). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 160, 1938.74707. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Nassau, NewProvidence Island, Bahama Islands. Entered into the museum registeron Sept. 16, 1878. Collected by Henry Bryant. Received from HenryBryant, in whose private collection it was No. 686.Loxigilla violacea maurella WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 81 (13) : 4, May 15, 1929.250456. Adult male. Tortuga (Tortue) Island, Caribbean Sea off thenorthern coast of the northwestern peninsula of Hispaniola. Feb. 2.1917. CoUected by WiUiam L. Abbott.Pyhrrulagra [sic] affinis "(Baird)" RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 322, October 1898.
=Loxigilla violacea affinis (Ridgway). See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 168, 1950.42465. Adult female (not " S ad.?") . Port-au-Prince, Republic of Haiti,Hispaniola. May 8, 1866 (not 1865). Collected by A. E. (not C.)Younglove. Original number 93.This specimen, long before it achieved typeship, was sent to Henry Bryant,in whose private collection it became No. 1289. It was returned to Wash-ington in the distribution of the Bryant Collection, after that collector'sdemise.Loxigilla violacea parish! WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 27, Feb. 21, 1931.317354. Adult male. lie a Vache (off the southern coast of the TiburonPeninsula), Republic of Haiti, Hispaniola. Apr. 30, 1930. Collectedby Simms W. Parish. Original number 502. Parish-Smithsonian Ex-pedition to Haiti.Pyrrhulagra coryi RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 323, October 1898.
=Loxigilla noctis coryi (Ridgway) . See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 168, 1950.80965. Adult male. Saint Eustatius Island, Leeward Islands, CaribbeanSea. 1880 (entered into the museum register on October 23) . Col-lected by Frederick A. Ober. Original number 171.Pyrrhulagra dominicana RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 323 October 1898.
=Loxigilla noctis dominicana (Ridgway) . See Bond, Checklist of birdsof the West Indies, ed. 3, p. 169, 1950.
614 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEXJM BULLETIN 22177820. Adult male. Mountain Lake (elev. 2,500 feet), Dominica Island,Leeward Islands, Caribbean Sea. 1877. Collected by Frederick A.Ober. Original number 6.Pyrrhulagra crissalis RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 323, October 1898.
^=Loxigilla noctis crissalis (Ridgway) . See Bond, Checklist of birds ofthe West Indies, ed. 3, p. 169, 1950.74083. Adult male. Cumberland Valley, Saint Vincent Island, Wind-ward Islands, Caribbean Sea. Oct. 22, 1877. Collected by FrederickA. Ober. Original number 408.Genus SPOROPHILA CabanisSporophila incerta RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 213, Oct. 31, 1914.
=Sporophila schistacea incerta Riley. See Meyer de Schauensee, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 104: 164, 1952.236586. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Gualea (nearNanegal), Province of Pichincha, Ecuador. Entered into the museumregister on July 21, 1914. Received from Otto Holstein.Spermophila atriceps "Baird, M.S." Lawrence.Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 479 (not earlier than May 13) , 1867.
=Sporophila torqueola torqueola (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 186, 1938.34035. Adult male. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Jan. 14, 1862.Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number 54.Spermophila badiiventris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 171 (not earlier than November)1865.
=Sporophila americana corvina (Sclater) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 189, 190, 1938; Meyer de Schauensee, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 104: 168, 1952.37618. Subadult male. Greytown=San Juan del Norte, Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. April 1865. Collected by Robert Kennicott.Original number 18.Spermophila collaris LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 176 (not earlier than November)1865.
=Sporophila americana aurita (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 191, 1938; Meyer de Schauensee, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 104: 169, 1952.40301. Adult male. David, Province of Chiriqui, Panama. March 1865.Collected by Fred Hicks.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 615Spermophila Hicksii LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 170 (not earlier than November)1865.
=Sporophila americana aurita (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 191, 1938; Meyer de Schauensee, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 104: 169, 1952.40300. Adult male. Panama. Jan. 7, 1865. Collected by Fred Hicks.Original number 70.Camarhynchus leucopterus PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 118, "pi. xxxii, fig.1," 1848.
=Sporophila telasco (Lesson) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 11:213, 1938.14886. Adult female. Near Callao, Province of Callao, Peru. Early inJuly 1839. Original number 284. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838--1842).15124. Adult male. Near Callao, Province of Callao, Perii. Early inJuly 1839. Original number 284. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).Spermophila parva LawrenceAnn. New York Acad. Sci. 2 (12) : 382 (not earlier than June) 1883.
=^Sporophila minuta parva (Lawrence) . See Meyer de Schauensee, Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. PhUadelphia 104: 191, 1952.59694. Adult female. Tehuantepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Nov. 12,1869. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast. Original number 997.Spermophila palustris BarrowsBull. Nuttall Orn. Club 8 (2) : 92, April 1883.^=Sporophila palustris (Barrows) . See Meyer de Schauensee, Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 104: 193, 1952.200961. Adult male. Concepcion del Uruguay, Province of Entre Rios,Argentina. Feb. 2, 1880. Collected by Walter B. Barrows. Originalnumber 534.200962. Adult male. Concepcion del Uruguay, Province of Entre Rios,Argentina. Nov. 27, 1880. Collected by Walter B. Barrows. Originalnumber 913.200963. Male (breeding, but in predominantly immature plumage).Concepcion del Uruguay, Province of Entre Rios, Argentina. Novem-ber 30, 1880. Collected by Walter B. Barrows. Original number 919.Barrows indicated that his original series comprised nine males and twofemales. Two cotypes, both males, are now Nos. 31309 and 31597 in theMuseum of Comparative Zoology, and two others, a male and a female fromthe Sclater Collection, are now in the British Museum (Natural History).The present location of the remaining three males and one female is ap-parently unrecorded.500936?61 40
616 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Genus ORYZOBORUS CabanisOryzoborus nuUingi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 401, Apr. 26, 1884.
=Oryzoborus crassirostris nuttingi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 243, 1938.91195. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan,about 30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. May 4, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting.Original number 847.91196. Adult male. Hacienda "Los Sabalos," Department of Chontales,Nicaragua. May 10, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Originalnumber 898.91198. Adult female. Original number 897. Other data same as forNo. 91196.91197. Immature female. Original number 899. Other data same as forNo. 91196.0[ryzoboru8]. salvini RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 401 (footnote) , Apr. 26, 1884.
=Oryzoborus funereus Sclater. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 11: 248, 1938.91193. Adult female. Hacienda "Los Sabalos" (on the Rio San Juan,about 30 miles from the east shore of Lake Nicaragua), Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. May 16, 1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting.Original number 944.91194. Subadult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). Hacienda
"Los Sabalos," Department of Chontales, Nicaragua. Apr. 30 (not 20)
,
1883. Collected by Charles C. Nutting. Original number 810.Genus VOLATINIA ReichenbachVolatiiiia jacarini atronitens ToddProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 72, Dec. 30, 1920.
^=Volatinia jacarina splendens (Vieillot). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 251, 254, 1938.166744. Adult male. Campeche, State of Campeche, Mexico. June 9,1900. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 7316. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Geospiza peruviensis PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. andOrn.) : 115, "pi. XXXI, figs.1, 2," 1848.
=Volatinia jacarina peruviensis (Peale). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 255, 1938.15749. Adult male (winter plumage) . Between Callao and Lima, Peru.July 1839. Original number 285. U.S. Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 61714883. Adult female. Same data as No. 15749.No. 15749 was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences on Jan. 25, 1881,but was returned to Washington in 1919.Genus PINICOLA VieiUotPinicola enucleator alasceusis RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 319, October 1898.86510. Adult male. Woods six miles north of Nushagak (on NushagakBay below the mouth of the Nushagak River), southwestern Alaska.June 9, 1881. Collected by Charles L. McKay. Original niunber 9.P[inicoIa]. enucleator kodiaka RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 388, September 1887.
=Pinicola enucleator flammula Homeyer. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 258,259, 1938.54465. Adult male. Kodiak Island (off the eastern coast of the AlaskaPeninsula), southern Alaska. July 25, 1868. Collected by FerdinandBischoff.Ridgway based this form upon numerous specimens from both KodiakIsland and Sitka, all of which have equivalent status as cotypes. No. 54465carries a red label, upon which Ridgway himself has written "Pinicolaenucleator kodiaka Ridgw.," but it must be understood that this is no morethan a lectotype. Since it is no longer possible to reconstruct the originalseries, I do not attempt to list the remaining cotypes.Pinicola enucleator montana RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 319, October 1898.159689. Adult female. Bear Creek, Gallatin County, Montana. July 28,1890. Collected by Frank H. Knowlton.Genus LEUCOSTICTE SwainsonLeucosticte tephrocolis irvingi FeinsteinProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 71: 11, Apr. 11, 1958.435409. Adult male. Anaktuvuk Pass, Brooks Range, northern Alaska.June 29, 1949. Collected by Thomas Brower. Original number A493a. Received from the Arctic Health Research Center, Anchorage,Alaska.Leucosticte tephrocotis umbrina 0. J. MurieCondor 46 (3) : 122, May 24, 1944.242705. Adult male. Saint Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea.June 22, 1914. Collected by Edward A. Preble. Original number2222. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Leucosticte littoralis BairdTrans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1 (2) : 318, pi. 28, fig. 1 (not earlier thanOct. 22), 1869.
=Leucosticle tephrocotis littoralis Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of tlie Americas 11:261, 1938.
618 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22145976. Adult female. Sitka, Baranof Island, southeastern Alaska. Janu-ary 1866. Collected by F. SeifFert for Ferdinand Bischoff.61131. Adult (sex not indicated). Port (not Fort) Simpson, CoastElectoral District, Province of British Columbia, Canada. 1864 or1865. Collected by James Hepburn.The type of this form has been variously mentioned, even by Ridgway,as now the one from Sitka, again the one from Port Simpson. In fact, eachof the two is an equivalent cotype.No. 61131, not entered into the museum register until December 1870,carries a tag with the words "To be returned to J. Hepburn S. F.", in Hep-burn's own hand. A second label, filled in wholly by Baird, has, on thereverse side, "Return to J. Hepburn," and on the obverse, "Type." Whetheror not the skin was returned to Hepburn and later presented by him to themuseum cannot now be known.No. 45976, the museum's own property, does not show the word "Type,"but bears instead the circular red tab that was once used in Washingtonto identify a type specimen.Since one of the two had to be returned to private ownership, it is clearthat Baird had every reason to treat the second specimen as a cotype.Leucosticle campestris Bairdin Cooper, Geological survey of California, Om. 1: 163 (not earlier thanOctober) 1870.
==Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 261, 1938.41527. Adult (sex not indicated). Near Denver (probably somewhere inJefferson County) , Colorado. January 1862. Collected by C. Wernigk.Leucosticte atrata RidgwayAmerican Sportsman 4 (16) : 241, July 18, 1874.
^=Leucosticte tephrocotis atrata Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 263, 1938.60638. Adult male. North side of the Uinta Mountains, Summit County,Utah. Sept. 20, 1870. Collected by H. D. Schmidt. Original number553. U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, Expedition of 1870.162695. Adult male. Canon City, Fremont County, Colorado. Apr. 20,1874. Collected by Charles E. H. Aiken. Original number 1537.This name was established upon a series of two males and three females,of which one male (our No. 60638) had been in the museum since October1870, while the remainder formed part of Aiken's private collection.Late in 1897 or early in 1898, No. 162695 was purchased from Aiken for$25.00. Although its oldest label bears the word "Type" in Ridgway'shand, it is only one of five cotypes.On this label also appears the name "L. atro-rosea Ridgway," which waslater to appear as a nomen nudum, (spelled "atrirosea") in Proc. BostonSoc. Nat. Hist. 7 (4) : 486, February 1877, where was announced the giftof the "original specimen" by Aiken to the Society. The skin, a female col-
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 619lected at Canon City on Apr. 18, 1874, is now No. 88564 of the collection ofthe Museum of Comparative Zoology. The fate of the other cotypes isunknown to me. Genus CARDUELIS Brissoni^giothus exilipes CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1861:385 (not earlier thanNov. 26), 1861.
=Carduelis flammea exilipes (Coues). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11:268, 1938; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.19686. Adult male. Fort Simpson, at the confluence of the Mackenzieand Liard Rivers, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories, Canada.Apr. 30, 1860. Collected by Bernard R. Ross. Original number 171.Aegiothus fuscescens CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1861 : 222 (not earlier thanAug. 27), 1861.
=Carduelis flammea fuscescens (Coues) . See Hartert and Steinbacher,Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 47, 1932.18096. Adult female. Groswater Bay=Lake Melville (the upper part ofthe estuary of the Hamilton River), Labrador Peninsula, Province ofNewfoundland, Canada. July 19, 1860. Collected by Elliott Coues.Original number 87.18097. Adult female. Groswater Bay=Lake Melville, Labrador Penin-sula, Province of Newfoundland, Canada. July 17, 1860. Collectedby Elliott Coues. Original number 76.18098. Adult male. Groswater Bay=Lake Melville, Labrador Peninsula,Province of Newfoundland, Canada. July 24, 1860. Collected byElliott Coues. Original number 98.18100. Adult male. Groswater Bay=Lake Melville, Labrador Peninsula,Province of Newfoundland, Canada. July 17, 1860. Collected byElliott Coues. Original number 75.18102. Adult male. Groswater Bay=Lake Melville, Labrador Peninsula,Province of Newfoundland, Canada. July 23, 1860. Original num-ber 93.Coues's original series was composed of seven specimens, of which Nos.18099, a male, and 18101, a female, were sent on Jan. 12, 1862, to theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.Nos. 18097 and 18102 at some time entered the private collection of RobertRidgway, who removed the original labels of Coues and transferred onto hisown labels only what he considered important. Since on the reverse ofeach label he has written "One of the types of 'fuscescens, Coues'!," we mustassume that he was not unaware of the importance of these particularspecimens.
620 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Spinus pinus vagans AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 59: 133, Oct. 25, 1946.
^=Carduelis pinus vagans (Aldrich) . See Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogelder palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.228860. Adult male. Edna, Boise County, Idaho. June 21, 1910. Col-lected by Stanley G. Jewett. Original number 109. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.In a letter dated Feb. 25, 1954, the collector informs me that "Edna . . .was a deserted mine in June, 1910. . . . The location ... is in BoiseCounty, on Crooked Creek, a tributary of the north Boise River about 15miles east of Idaho City, Boise County, Idaho. . . . The country is in thesemi-arid Transition Zone, typical yellow pine forest with associated plants,birds, and mammals."Fringilla mexicana ["Swainson"] AudubonOrnithological biography 5 : 282, pi. 433, fig. 4, 1839.Carduelis Yarrellii AudubonSynopsis of the birds of North America, p. 117, 1839.
=Carduelis yarrellii Audubon. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38: 322-323, 1932; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel der palaarktischenFauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.2037. Adult male. "Upper California," error (type locality altered toBaia=Sao Salvador, State of Baia, Brazil, by Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus.17: 31-32, 1926). Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose privatecollection it once formed part) , who acquired it from John J. Audubon,who, in turn, obtained it from William Swainson.Spinus iclericus peruanus von Berlepsch and StolzraannProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1896 (2) : 352, Aug. 1, 1896.
=Carduelis magellanica peruana (von Berlepsch and Stolzmann). SeeHellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11: 279, 1938; Hartertand Steinbacher, Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40,1932.159851. Adult male. La Merced, Chanchamayo, Department of Junin,Peru. Jan. 9, 1891. Collected by Jan Kalinowski. Original number1069. Received from the Branicki Museum, Warsaw.This form was established upon "norabreux individus de La Merced(Janvier) et de Garita del Sol (juillet 1891)," all of which are cotypes.Stolzmann and Domanievski (Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici 6: 170, 1927) havemade a skin in Warsaw (No. P.2763), having all data identical with thoseof our specimen, a lectotype, but its claims to typeship are no different fromthose of the Washington bird.Chrysomitris siemiradzkii von Berlepsch and TaczanowskiProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1883 (4) : 551, pi. 50, April 1884.=Carduelis siemiradzkii (von Berlepsch and Taczanowski). See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11: 286, 1938; Hartert andSteinbacher, Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 621108233. Adult male. Guayaquil, Province of Guayas, Ecuador. Septem-ber 1882. Collected by Joseph Sierairadski. Original number 74.Received from Hans von Berlepsch.This name was based upon four adult males and one female, collected inAugust and September 1882 at Guayaquil, all of which are cotypes. Stolz-mann and Domanievski (Ann. Zool. Mus. Polonici 6: 170, 1927) have setup a skin in Warsaw (No. P.2765), having all data identical with thoseof our specimen, as lectotype, but as in the case of Spinus ictericus peruanus,its claims to typeship are no higher than those of the bird in Washington.Ghrysomitris Bryantii CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1865: 91 (not earlier than May30), 1865.
=Carduelis xanthogastra xanthogastra (du Bus). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 289, 1932; Hartert and Steinbacher,Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.35297. Adult male. Santa Maria de Dota, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. July 25, 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.35299. Adult male. Same data as No. 35297.35300. Adult female. Same data as No. 35297.There were apparently four males and four females in Cassin's originalseries. Of these two males and two females have vanished from the collec-tion without trace, but one female (No. 35301) was at some time sent toOsbert Salvin and is now in the collection of the British Museum (NaturalHistory), London.Carduells Slanleyi AudubonSynopsis of the birds of North America, p. 118, 1839.
=Carduelis harhata (Molina) . See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.38: 323, 1932; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel der palaarktischenFauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.2035. Adult male. "Upper California," error=Valparaiso, Province ofAconcagua, Chile (see Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for1865: 90, 1865). Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose privatecollection it once formed part), who acquired it from John J. Audubon,who in turn (probably) obtained it from John K. Townsend.2036. Adult female. "Upper California," erroi'=Valparaiso, Province ofAconcagua, Chile. Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose privatecollection it once formed part) , who acquired it from John J. Audubon,who in turn (probably) obtained it from John K. Townsend.Spinus tristis salicamans GrinnellAuk 14 (4) : 397, October 1897.
=Carduelis tristis salicamans (Grinnell). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38:304, 1932; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel der pala-arktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.160934. Adult male (in winter plumage). Pasadena="Eaton Canon
'wash* some 3 miles southeast of Altadena" (see Grinnell, loc. cit.)y
622 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Los Angeles County, California. Dec. 21, 1895. Collected by JosephGrinnell. Original number 575. Received from Joseph Grinnell, ofwhose private collection it once formed part.Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 16: 116, Sept. 30, 1903.
=Carduelis psaltria hesperophila (Oberholser) . See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 304, 1932; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.139158. Adult male. San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, Cali-fornia. Dec. 28, 1890. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Original num-ber 7. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Chrysomitris (Pseudomitris) mexicanus var. arizonae CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 82 (not earlier than Mar. 27),1866.
=Carduelis psaltria psaltria (Say). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11: 298, 1938; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel der pala-arktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.37088. Adult male. Ten miles east of Fort Wingate, McKinley County,New Mexico. June 28, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Originalnumber 416.37091. Adult male. Original number 418. Other data same as for No,37088.37092. Adult male. Original number 417. Other data same as for No.37088.These three seem to have been the only specimens seen by Coues fromFort Wingate, although he had numerous paratypes from Fort Whipple.No. 37091 at some time entered the private collection of Robert Ridgwayas "An original type"; happily, in this instance, Coues's label was notremoved.Fringilla texensis GiraudDescription of sixteen new species of North American birds, [p. 19,] pi.5, fig. 1, 1841.
=Carduelis psaltria psaltria (Say). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11:298, 1938; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.47700. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). "Texas."
"1838." Received from Jacob P. Giraud, Jr.See my remarks under Muscicapa texensis Giraud (p. 275).A cotype of this form, acquired by Baird from Bell in 1841, became hisNo. 559 and later entered the museimi collection under the same number.The specimen seems to have vanished without trace.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 623Astragalinus mexicanus jouyi RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 320, October 1898.
=Carduelis psaltria jouyi (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11:299, 1938; Hartert and Steinbacher, Vogel derpalaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.106250. Adult male. Temax, State of Yucatan, Mexico. December 1884.Collected by George F. Gaumer.Spinus psaltria croceus JouyProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 16: 780, Apr. 18, 1894.
=Cardiielis psaltria colomhiana Lafresnaye. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11:299, 300, 1938; Hartert and Steinbacher,Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.53839. Adult male. Panama. 1862. Collected by James McLeannan.Chrysomitris dominicensis BryantProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 93 (not earlier than May) 1867.
==Carduelis dominicensis (Bryant). See Bond, Checklist of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 170 (footnote 206), 1950; Hartert and Stein-bacher, Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, Erganzungsb. 1 : 40, 1932.42464. Adult (sex not indicated). Mountains near Port-au-Prince, Re-public of Haiti, Island of Hispaniola. June 3, 1866. Collected by A. E.Younglove. Original number 130.Genus LOXIA LinnaeusLoxia curvirostra japonica RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 103 (footnote), Apr. 28, 1884.91432. Adult male. Tateyama, a mountain in Toyaraa Prefecture, HonshuIsland, Japan. Oct. 27, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Originalnumber 727.91433. Adult male. Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan.Nov. 24, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number 805.91434. Adult female. Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture, Honshu Island,Japan. Nov. 24, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number806.91435. Adult female. Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture, Honshu Island,Japan. Nov. 24, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number854.91569. Adult female. Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture, Honshu Island,Japan. Oct. 27, 1882. Collected by Pierre L. Jouy. Original number724.There was at least one other cotype. No. 91431, an adult female, whichcannot now be found in the collection.
624 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Loxia curvirostra bendirei RidgwayProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 2: 101, Apr. 28, 1884.94881. Adult male. Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. Jan. 8,1883. Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Original number 390.94892. Adult female. Fort Klamath, Klamath County, Oregon. Dec. 5,1882, Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Original number 314.Ridgway had no fewer than 22 Bendire-taken skins from Fort Klamath,all of which might properly be considered cotypes. That I have here listeda single pair is due to the fact that No. 94881 ("Type, S .?R.R.") and No.94892 ("Type, ? .?R.R.") were the two distinguished with a red labelby Ridgway himself.Loxia curvirostra percna BentSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 60 (15) : 1, Dec. 12, 1912.=Loxia curvirostra pusilla Gloger. See Van Rossem, Trans. San DiegoSoc. Nat. Hist. 7: 358-359, pi. 27, 1934.233930. Adult male. Flatbay River, Province of Newfoundland, Canada.July 21, 1912. Collected by Leonard C. Sanford.Loxia megaplaga RileySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 66 (15) : 1, Dec. 1, 1916.=Loxia leucoptera megaplaga Riley. See Bond, Check-list of birds of theWest Indies, ed. 3, p. 171, 1950.249615. Adult male. El Rio (a settlement on the upper waters of theRio Jimenoa, at elev. 4,000 feet), Dominican Republic, Hispaniola.Oct. 7, 1916. Collected by William L. Abbott.Genus SICALIS BoiePseudochloris uropygialis connecteiis ChapmanBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41 (5) : 329, Sept. 1, 1919.
=SicaUs uropygialis connectens (Chapman). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 310, 311, 1938.273002. Adult male. La Raya (elev. 14,000 feet). Department of Cuzco,Peru. Apr. 5, 1917. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number805. Yale University-National Geographic Society Peruvian Expedition.Sicalis luteola mexicana BrodkorbJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 33 (2) : 33, Feb. 18, 1943.186386. Adult male. Puente de Ixtla, State of Morelos, Mexico. June8, 1903. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 10149. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Sicalis luteola eisenmanni WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 122 (8) : 9, Dec. 17, 1953.449369. Adult male. Two miles east of Anton, Province of Code,Panama. June 20, 1953. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Originalnumber 18159.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 625Sicalis chapmani RidgwayAuk 16 (1) : 37, January 1899.
==Sicalis luteola chapmani Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 329, 1938.120835. Adult male. Diamantina (near Santarem and east of the mouthof the Rio Tapajos), State of Para, Brazil. June 25, 1887. Collectedby Jessie Riker (Mrs. Clarence B. Riker). Original number 33.The letter "J" on the original label indicates that this specimen wascollected by Mrs. Riker.Subfamily EMBERIZINAEGenus DIUCA ReichenbachPipilo cinerea PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamra. and Orn.) : 123, *'pl. xxxil, fig. 3,"1848.=Diuca diuca diuca (Molina). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 11: 336, 337, 1938.15092. Adult male. "The road from Valparaiso to St. Jago," Province ofAconcagua or Santiago, Chile. May 1839. Original number 272. U.S.Exploring Expedition (1838-1842).15094. Adult female. Same data as No. 15092.According to Cassin's MS. list, there were three cotypes of this form. No.15091 long ago left the U.S. National Museum and is now No. 75875 in thecollection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge.Genus IDIOPSAR CassinIdiopsar brachyurus CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 414, 1866 or 1867.32664. Adult (sex not indicated) . La Paz, Department of La Paz, Boliva.Entered into the museum register on Mar. 14, 1864. Collected by or forDavid K. Cartter.Genus PlIRYGILUS CabanisPhrygilus punensis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 434, Nov. 3, 1887.
=Plir'ygilus gayi punensis Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11 : 346, 1938.99571. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). Near LakeTiticaca, Department of Puno, Peru. Entered into the museum registeron August 18, 1884. Received from Joseph H. Batty.Ridgway established this name upon two specimens, of which the malewas No. 3535 (not 6535) of the Lafresnaye collection of the Boston Society
626 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
of Natural History and is now No. 76624 of the Museum of ComparativeZoology, Cambridge.Haplospiza montosa RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 220, Oct. 17, 1905.
=Phrygiliis iinicolor nivarius (Bangs). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11: 355, 356, 1938.190413. Adult male. San Antonio de Caparro (elev. 3,000 meters) , Stateof Tachira, Venezuela. Aug. 15, 1903. Collected by Salomon BricenoGabaldon and sons.Fringilla (Niphaea) laciniata PealeU.S. Exploring Expedition 8 (Mamm. and Orn.) : 121, "pi. xxxii, fig. 2,"1848.
=Phrygilus alaudinus alaudinus (von Kittlilz). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 360, 1938.15090. Adult male. Vicinity of Valparaiso, Province of Aconcagua,Chile. May 1839. Original number 274. U.S. Exploring Expedition(1838-1842). Genus SPODIORNIS SclaterSpodiomis rusticus arcanus Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Sr.Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 39 (11) : 378, Dec. 1, 1949.
. Adult male. Near the simimit on the western side of CerroChimanta-tepui (at elev. 1,850 meters), State of Bolivar, Venezuela.July 13, 1946. Collected by William H. Phelps, Jr. Deposited byWilliam H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collection it is No. 36128-A.Genus ACANTHIDOPS RidgwayAcanthidops bairdi RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 4: 336, Mar. 16, 1882.85549. Adult female. Volcan de Irazu, Province of Cartage, Costa Rica.Oct. 10, 1880. Collected by Juan J. Cooper. Received from Jose C.Zeledon. Genus PSELLIOPHORUS RidgwayTachyphonus tibialis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 41 (not earlier than June 13), 1864.
=Pselliophorus tibialis (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 383, 1938.33316. Adult male. San Jose, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica. AboutJanuary 1864. Collected by Julian Carmiol.Our No. 33317 must have lain before Lawrence as a second specimen, butsince it is not sexed as a male and does not have the bill black, it does notagree with the diagnosis and therefore cannot be considered a cotype.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 627Genus ATLAPETES WaglerAtlapetes pileatus dilutus RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 228, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies).99962. Adult male. Jesus Maria, State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Apr. 25,1884. Collected by R. R. McLeod. Original number 5.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway (p.601).Buarremon elaeoprorus Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1879 (3) : 504, October 1879.
=Atlapetes rufi-nucha elaeoprorus (Sclater and Salvin). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11: 397, 398, 1938.90501. Adult (sex not indicated) . Vicinity of Medellin, Department ofAntioquia, Colombia. 1872-1878. Collected by Thomas K. Salmon.Received from Osbert Salvin and Frederick Du C. Godman, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.An undisclosed number of cotypes were in the Sclater and the Salvin-Godman Collections, all taken by Salmon at either Santa Elena or Medellin.Among them were the three specimens listed by Sclater (Catalogue of thebirds m the British Museum 11 : 265, 1886)
.
Buarremon melanops Sclater and SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for 1876 (1) : 253, June 1876.
=Atlapetes rufi-nucha rufi-nucha (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye) . See Hell-mayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11 : 392, 1938.90504. Adult (sex not indicated). "Simacu," Las Yungas of the Depart-ment of La Paz, Bolivia. 1875. Collected by Clarence Buckley. Orig-inal number 28. Received from Osbert Salvin and Frederick Du C.Godman, of whose private collection it once formed part.The cotypes of this form were two in the Sclater Collection, obtained fromthe Maison Verreaux, Paris, and five collected by Buckley at "Simacu" (ofwhich our No. 90504 is one). All except this last are now in the BritishMuseum (Natural History) , London.Atlapetes schistaceus fumidus Wetmore and W. H. Phelps, Sr.Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 66: 13, Mar. 30, 1953.
. Adult male. Cerro Tetari (at elev. 2,900 meters), Sierra dePerija, State of Zulia, Venezuela. Mar. 30, 1952. Collected by RamonUrbano. Deposited by William H. Phelps, Sr., in whose private collec-tion it is No. 55828.Atlapetes canigenis ChapmanBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 41 (5) : 330, Sept. 1, 1919.=Atlapetes schistaceus canigenis Chapman. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 405, 406, 1938.273003. Adult male. Torontoy (elev. 9,500 feet). Department of Cuzco,Peru. May 2, 1915. Collected by Edmund Heller. Original number58. Yale University-National Geographic Society Peruvian Expedition.
628 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Atlapetes apertus WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 55: 108, Aug. 13, 1942.
=Atlapetes brunnei-nucha apertus Wetmore. See Parkes, Condor 56: 132,1954.360425. Adult male. Cerro de Tuxtla (at about 2,500 feet), Sierra deTuxtla, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Mar. 19, 1940. Collected by Mel-bourne A. Carriker, Jr. Original number 519.Buarremon inomatus Sclater and SalvinIbis (4) 3: 427, October 1879.
=Atlapetes brunnei-nucha inornatus (Sclater and Salvin) . See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11 : 415, 1938.90500. Adult (sex not indicated). "Jima" ("on the headwaters of RioSantiago, not very far from Cuenca," fide Sclater and Salvin, Proc.Zool. Soc. London, for 1877:521 [footnote 1], 1877), Province ofAzuay, Ecuador. March 1877. Collected by Clarence Buckley. Re-ceived from Osbert Salvin and Frederick Du C. Godman, of whoseprivate collection it once formed part.This form was established upon two skins in the Sclater collection, takenby Eraser at Pallatanga, and an unstated number collected by Buckley at
"Jima." In addition to the specimen listed above, four cotypes are in theBritish Museum (Natural History) , London.A[rreinon]. frontalis von TschudiArchiv fiir Naturgeschichte 10 (1) : 289, 1844.
=Atlapetes brunnei-nucha brunnei-nucha (Lafresnaye). See Friedmannand Deignan, Zoologica, New York 27 : 53, 1942.41911. Adult (sex not indicated). Peru. Collected by Johann J. vonTschudi. Received from the Neuchatel Museum.This name was based upon an unstated number of cotypes. Hellmayr(Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11: 413, 1938) avers that the type isin the Neuchatel Museum, but von Berlepsch and Hellmayr (Joum. fiir Om.53: 6-20, 1905) mention no specimen seen by them there.Genus LYSURUS RidgwayBuarremon crassiroslris CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1865: 170 (not earlier thanAug. 29), 1865.
=Lysurus crassirostris (Cassin) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 11:423, 1938.34744. Adult male. Barranca, "on the edge of a small stream of thesame name to the north of the road to San Carlos, and on the slopes ofthe Volcan de P5as, and with an altitude of not less than 6,000 feet,probably more" (see Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 6:335, 1910),Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Apr. 14, 1864. Collected by JulianCarmiol.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 629Genus ARREMON VieiUotArremon schlegeli fratruelis WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 106 (16) : 13, Dec. 30, 1946.370170. Adult male. "Between 1,500 and 2,000 feet elevation in the Ser-rania de Macuire, near Nazaret," Commissary of La Guajira, Colombia.May 6, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 11812.Arremon callistus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 188, Dec. 12, 1901.=Arremon flavirostris polionotus Bonaparte. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 431, 1938.173425. Adult male. Sapucay (on the railway between Asuncion andVillarrica) , Paraguay. July 22, 1900. Collected by William T. Foster.Original number 166.Arremon aurantiirostris saturatus CherrieProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 345, Sept. 4, 1891.20421. Adult (sex not indicated). Choctum, Department of Alta VeraPaz, Guatemala. January 1860. Collected by Osbert Salvin. Originalnumber 1789. Received from Osbert Salvin.Arremon rufidorsalis CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1865: 170, (not earlier thanAug. 29), 1865.=Arremon aurantiirostris rufidorsalis Cassin. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 434, 1938.39041. Adult (sex not indicated). Turrialba, Province of Cartago, CostaRica. May 24, 1865. Collected by Francisco Carmiol.Genus ARREMONOPS RidgwayArremonops superciliosa sinaloae NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 28, May 29, 1899.=Arremonops rufivirgatus sinaloae Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 441, 1938.164388. Adult male. Near Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico. Apr. 6,1899. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 6389.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.[Embemagra rufivirgata] /?. crassiroslris RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 248, 1878 or 1879.=Arremonops rufivirgatus crassiroslris (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 440, 1938.22443. Adult male. "Mexico." Entered into the museum register onOct. 26, 1861. Received from the Maison Verreaux, dealers in Paris.29229. Adult male. Uvero, near San Andres Tuxtla (not Orizaba), Stateof Veracruz, Mexico. May 4, 1858. Collected by A. L. FrancoisSumichrast. Original number 307.
630 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Ridgway based this form upon four specimens, of which one, No. 23890from Venado Island, is now considered representative of another race. Ofthe remaining three, one said to be from Cordoba, the property of GeorgeN. Lawrence, is probably deposited in the American Museum of NaturalHistory, New York.Richmond has for some unexplained reason set aside No. 22443 as thetype, despite the fact that it is the only one of three wholly devoid of usefuldata. It is, of course, but one of three cotypes.[Embernagra rufivirgata] y. verticalis RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1 : 248, 1878 or 1879.=Arremonops rufivirgatus verticalis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11 : 441, 1938.37894. Adult male. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. Feb. 28, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 211. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.39281. Adult female. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. March 19, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 288. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.39282. Adult female. Merida, State of Yucatan, Mexico. May 25, 1865.Collected by Arthur C. V. Schott. Original number 501. ComisionCientifica de Yucatan.No. 39281 had entered the private collection of Robert Ridgway by ex-change prior to Ridgway's establishment of the race verticalis; as usual withsuch specimens, its original label was removed and replaced with Ridgway'sown.The word "Type" in Ridgway's hand appears on the reverse side of eachof the three labels.Arremonops superciliosus chiapensis NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 152, Oct. 6, 1904.=Arremonops rufivirgatus chiapensis Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 442, 1938.193714. Adult male. San Bartolome, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Mar.15, 1904. Collected by Edward A. Goldman. Original number 10533.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Arremonops richmondi RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 228, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies)
.
=Arremonops conirostris richmondi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 448, 1938.126189. Adult male. Greytown=San Juan del Norte, Department ofChontales, Nicaragua. Feb. 16, 1892. Collected by Charles W. Rich-mond. Original number 3627.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway (p.601).
TYPE SPECEVIENS OF BIRDS 631Arremonops conirostris viridicata WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 134 (9) : 104, July 8, 1957.461362. Adult male. Coiba Island, Pacific Ocean off the Province ofVeraguas, Panama. Jan. 13, 1956. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 20209.Arremonops venezuelensis RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 228, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies)
.
=Arremonops conirostris conirostris (Bonaparte) . See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 445,446, 1938.119280. Adult (sex not indicated). Vicinity of Puerto Cabello, State ofCarabobo, Venezuela. Collected by Starhne. Received from Hansvon Berlepsch (of whose private collection it once formed part), whoacquired it in June 1883 from H. B. Moeschler.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway (p.601). Genus CHLORURA SclaterFringilla chlorura AudubonOrnithological biography 5 : 336, 1839.
=Chlorura chlorura (Audubon). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11:451, 1938; A.O.U. Committee on Classification andNomenclature, Auk 64: 451, 1947.1896. Immature male. "Ross' creek, a small branch of Snake river" (seeTownsend, Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, p. 89,1839)=about 20 miles southwest of Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho.July 12, 1834. Collected by John K. Townsend. Received fromSpencer F. Baird (of whose private collection it once formed part), whoacquired it from John J. Audubon, who in turn obtained it from JohnK. Townsend. Genus PIPILO VieillotPipilo Oregonus BellAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 5 (1) : 6 (not earlier than Nov. 27),1848.
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus oregonus Bell. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11:456, 1938; Sibley, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 50: 116-119, 1950.2867. Adult male. "Oregon territory"=vicinity of Fort Vancouver, ClarkCounty, Washington. May 27, 1835. Collected by John K. Townsend.Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose private collection it onceformed part), who acquired it from John J. Audubon, who in turnobtained it from John K. Townsend.Pipilo megalonyx Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: xH,515, 1858.600936?61 41
632 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus megalonyx Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38:305, 1932; Sibley, Univ. California Publ. Zool.50: 116-119, 1950.10284. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Entered intothe museum register on May 20, 1858. Collected by John Xantus.10287. Subadult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Enteredinto the museum register on May 20, 1858. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 632.10686. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently female). Fort Tejon,Kern County, California. Entered into the museum register betweenJuly 29 and Oct. 25, 1858. Collected by John Xantus. Original number1132?10687. Subadult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Enteredinto the museum register between July 29 and Oct. 25, 1858. Collectedby John Xantus. Original number 1050?Baird based his new form upon a long series of skins from diverse local-ities; some of these are now held representative of entirely different races.By his statement tliat "The specimens exhibiting the highest development ofclaw are from Fort Tejon," the author inferentially restricted the type local-ity to that place, and birds from Fort Tejon alone should be treated ascotypes.Baird referred to material collected by Xantus at Fort Tejon, but socursorily as to indicate that the specimens were newly arrived at the museumand still unnumbered. Examination of the register shows that the potentialcotypes are certainly Nos. 10284, 10287, 10288, and 10289, and probablyNos. 10686 and 10687. Nos. 10288 and 10289 have vanished from the col-lection without trace.No. 10287 has been generally accepted as the type because of the fact thatthe word "Type" in Baird's hand appears on the oldest label. Baird in factwrote "Type of pi. 73," with reference to Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence,Birds of North America, 1860, and No. 10287 might have been selected asthe skin that best lent itself to use as the artist's model. Examination ofplate 73, however, shows that, in this case, the artist took great libertieswith his subject, for the bird depicted has the glossy upper parts of an oldadult, while No. 10287 has the brownish-black upper parts of a first-autumnspecunen.In Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway (History of North American birds, p. 113,1874) , we find No. 10284 used as model for the text-figure showing the en-larged foot (the most important character in Baird's diagnosis of mega-lonyx), again because this specimen doubtless best served the purpose.In short, Nos, 10284 and 10287 are certainly equivalent cotypes, and Nos.10686 and 10687 probably have equally valid claims with them to typeship.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 633Pipilo niaculatus atratus RidgwayAuk 16 (3) : 254, July 1899.
=Pipilo erythrophlhalinus megalonyx Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 305, 1932; Sibley, Univ. California Publ. Zool.50: 116-119, 1950.159474. Adult male. Arroyo Seco (elev. 800 feet), west of Pasadena(see Grinnell, loc. cit.) , Los Angeles County, California. Feb. 8, 1896.Collected by Joseph Grinnell. Original number 643. Received fromJoseph Grinnell.Pipilo clementse GrinnellAuk 14 (3): 294, July 1897.
=^Pipilo erythrophthalmus clementae Grinnell. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38:305, 1932; Sibley, Univ. California Publ Zool.50: 116-119, 1950.159476. Subadult male. Smuggler's Cove=Pyramid Cove, San ClementeIsland, Los Angeles County, California. Mar. 31, 1897. Collected byJoseph Grinnell. Original number 2290. Received from JosephGrinnell.159477. Adult female. Smuggler's Cove=Pyramid Cove, San ClementeIsland, Los Angeles County, California. Mar. 31, 1897. Collected byJoseph Grinnell. Original number 2291. Received from JosephGrinnell.Each of these specimens was designated as a type in the originaldescription.Pipilo inaculatus consobrinus RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2(2): 189, 1876.
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus consobrinus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 459, 1938; Sibley, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 50: 116-119, 1950.70028. Adult male. Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N., long. 118? 15' W.)
,
eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico. Feb. 20,1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 5.70030. Adult male. Same data as No. 70028.70032. Adult male. Same data as No. 70028.70033. Adult female. Guadalupe Island. Feb. 20, 1875. Collected byEdward Palmer. Original number 16.70035. Adult female. Same data as No. 70033.189625. Adult female. Guadalupe Island. 1875. Collected by EdwardPalmer. Original number?
.
Ridgway listed as cotypes Nos. 70028-70035 and one unnumbered female.No. 70029 was at some time sent to John E. Thayer and is now No. 328590in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. No.70031, a male, has vanished without trace, as has also No. 70034, a female(unless it be the bird reentered into the register as No. 189625).
634 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Nos. 70028 and 189625 both became part of Ridgway's private collection,and the oldest labels now carried by them are Ridgway's own. In the caseof No. 70028, the U.S. National Museum's number appears on Ridgway'slabel, but no such notation is found on that of No. 189625?thus one cannotbe sure that No. 189625 is not the unnumbered female listed at the originaldescription.The word "Type" in Ridgway's hand occurs on the oldest label of No.70033, and the red tabs formerly employed to indicate typeship are attachedto each of Ridgway's private labels (Nos. 70028 and 189625), but thesespecimens are in fact but three of nine equivalent cotypes.Pipilo Socorroensis GraysonCalifornia Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences 28 (16) : 127, Oct.24, 1867.Pipilo carmani LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3) : 7, February-March 1871.
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus socorroensis Grayson. See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 459, 1938; Sibley, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 50: 116-119, 1950; Taylor, Condor 53: 196, 1951.39990. Adult female. Socorro Island, Revilla Gigedo Islands, easternPacific Ocean off Mexico. June 1865. Collected by Andreiv J. Gray-son. Original number unknown.50842. Adult male. Socorro Island. June 1865. Collected by AndrewJ. Grayson. Original number 395.50843. Adult male. Same data as No. 50842.50844. Adult female. Same data as No. 50842.50846. Adult male. Same data as No. 50842.58268. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Socorro Island.June 1865. Collected by Andrew J. Grayson. Original number "364."Taylor {loc. cit. supra) found that Grayson had a total of 12 specimens,all of which must be considered cotypes of Pipilo Socorroensis Grayson. Ofthese, seven or eight came to the U.S. National Museum: Nos. 39989, 39990,50842-50846, and 58268, but Nos. 39989 and 50845, both males, havevanished from the collection without trace (unless No. 58268 is merely No.50845 reentered into the register under a new number) . The remaining fouror five specimens seem, according to Taylor, to have been sold by Graysonand destined for persons in England.Although all of these are cotypes of Grayson's name, only Nos. 39990and 50843 are cotypes of Pipilo carmani Lawrence, by his definite designa-tion at the original description.Pipilo erythrophthalmus leptoleucus OberholserBird life of Louisiana, Louisiana Dep. Cons. Bull. 28: 641, June 1938.
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster Howell. See Dickinson, Bull. Mus.Comp. Zool. 107:280-281, 295, 1952.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 635340499. Adult male. New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana. May 17,1935. Collected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 3230. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Pipilo erythrophthalmus canaster HowellProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26: 202, Oct. 23, 1913.207771. Adult female. Spring Hill, Mobile County, Alabama. May 8,1911. Collected by Arthur H. Howell. Original number 944. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Pipilo Alleni CouesAmerican Naturalist 5 (6) : 366 (footnote), August 1871.
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues. See Dickinson, Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 107:292, 1952.55266. Adult male. "Dummitt's Grove"=the collector's camp on theIndian River "just north of the Haulover Canal and about a mile anda half from the famous Dummitt's Grove on Mosquito Lagoon" (seeHowell, Florida bird life, p. 15, 1932), Brevard County, Florida. Mar.2, 1869. Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Original number 2512.Received from Charles J. Maynard.55267. Adult male. "Dummitt's Grove," Brevard County, Florida. Feb.22, 1869. Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Original number 2417.Received from Charles J. Maynard.55268. Adult male. ''Dummitt's Grove," Brevard County, Florida. Feb.2-, 1869. Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Original number 2426.Received from Charles J. Maynard.55270. Adult female. "Dummitt's Grove," Brevard County, Florida. Mar.11, 1869. Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Original number 2581.Received from Charles J. Maynard.55271. Adult female. "Dummitt's Grove," Brevard County, Florida.Feb. 24, 1869. Collected by Charles J. Maynard. Original number2481. Received from Charles J. Maynard.Coues mentioned neither type locality nor specimens, but since he namedthis form in a review of Allen's "Mammals and Winter Birds of EastFlorida" (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 2: 161-450, 1871), we are justified insurmising that the original series are the 29 Maynard-taken birds listed byAllen (p. 283). See Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America 1: 427[footnote 1], 1901), who probably had his information directly from Coues!Seven of these skins, all listed by Allen, came to Washington, but Nos.55265 and 55269 have vanished without trace. Bangs (Bull. Mus. Comp.Zool. 70: 388, 1930) has listed as cotypes the Museum of ComparativeZoology's Nos. 10722 and 10726, a male and a female respectively, but anyothers of the original series, now in Cambridge or elsewhere, would seem topossess equivalent status.H, however, any specimens have stronger claims to typeship than others,these would be the ones in the U.S. National Museum, which alone perhaps
636 ^-S- NATIONAL MUSEUIM BULLETIN 221came under Coues's eyes. Coues was based at Fort McHenry, Maryland,from Nov. 25, 1870, to Apr. 30, 1872, and thus must at some timehave examined our series, which had reached Washington as early as May1869.Pipilo chlorosoma Bairdin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 2: 105(footnote 2), January 1874.
=Pipilo erjthrophthalmus macronyx Swainson. See Sibley, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 50: 142, 1950.50235 (not 50225). Adult male. State of Oaxaca, Mexico. 1864. Col-lected by Adolphe Boucard. Original number 1. Received fromAdolphe Boucard.Pipilo orizabae CoxAuk 11 (2) : 161, April 1894.
=Pipilo erythrophthalmus maculatus Swainson X Pipilo ocai ocai (Law-rence). See Sibley, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 50: 130, 1950.132724 (not 132720). Adult male. Mount Orizaba=Citlaltepetl (atelev. 11,000 feet) , State of Veracruz, Mexico. August 1891. Collectedby Ulysses 0. Cox. Original number 4. Received from Ulysses 0.Cox.Pipilo fuscus niesatus OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50: 118, Aug. 7, 1937.204013, Adult female. Gaume's Ranch (elev. 4,600 feet), northwesterncorner of Baca County, Colorado. Nov. 27, 1907. Collected by Mer-ritt Cary. Original number 290. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Pipilo fuscus intermedius NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13: 27, May 29, 1899.164259. Adult male. Alamos (lat. 27?01' N., long. 108?58' W.), Stateof Sonora, Mexico. Dec. 21, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 5969. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Pipilo fuscus janiesi C. H. TownsendBull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48 (1) : 20, pi. 1, Mar. 9, 1923.305936. Adult male. Tiburon Island, Gulf of California off the State ofSonora, Mexico. Apr. 13, 1911. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Original number 185. Received from the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries,through the American Museum of Natural History, New York (where itwas [accidentally?] given their No. 131854).Pipilo fuscus aripolius OberholserCondor 21 (5) : 210, Sept. 30, 1919.196605. Adult female. San Pablo, State of Baja California, Mexico.Oct. 3, 1905. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 11747. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 637Pipilo albigula BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 11:305 [p. 10 in reprint] (notearlier than Nov. 29) , 1859.
=Pipilo juscus albigula Baird. See Davis, Univ. California Publ. Zool.52: 106, 1951.12993. Adult male. Cabo de San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.April 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 74.12995. Immature? female. Cabo de San Lucas, State of Baja California,Mexico. April 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original num.ber 83.12996. Adult female. Cabo de San Lucas, State of Baja California,Mexico. May 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 533.13040. Adult female. Cabo de San Lucas, State of Baja California,Mexico. June 25, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number1071.13041. Adult male. Cabo de San Lucas, State of Baja California, Mexico.June 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 758.Only six specimens had been entered into the museum register prior tothe date of Baird's description, so these alone may safely be consideredcotypes. The missing one is No. 12994, sent in February 1860 to AlexanderD. Bache.PipiSo fusciis potosinus RidgwayAuk 16 (3): 254, July 1899.78106. Adult male. Guanajuato, State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Enteredinto the museum register on June 28, 1879. Collected by Alfred Duges.Genus MELOZONE ReichenbachPyrgisoma xantusii "Baird, MS." LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 480 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.=Melozone kieneri kieneri (Bonaparte). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 470, 1938.31828. Adult male. Tonala (not "Plains of Colima"), State of Jalisco,Mexico. June 1863. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1004.Genus CALAMOSPIZA BonaparteF[ringilla]. bicolor J. K. TownsendJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 189, 1837.
=^Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 475, 1938.2869. Adult male. "Plains of the Platte river," Nebraska or Wyoming.May 24-June 1, 1834. Collected by Thomas Nuttall. Received fromSpencer F. Baird (of whose private collection it once formed part) , whoacquired it from John J. Audubon, who, in turn, obtained it fromThomas Nuttall.Audubon (Ornithological biography 5: 19, 1839) quotes Nuttall as fol-lows: "On the 24th of May, soon after crossing the north [=south] branch
638 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
of the Platte, we met with this very interesting species of Fringilla." Town-send (Narrative of a journey across the Rocky Mountains, p. 57, 1839) says:
"On the morning of the 24th of May we forded the Platte river, or ratherits south fork, along which we had been travelling during the previous week,"and (p. 58) on May 25, "we made a noon camp ... on the north branchor fork of the river, and in the afternoon travelled along the bank of thestream."Study of Townsend's account shows that it was indeed the south fork thatwas crossed by the travellers, since from May 18, when the Platte was firstseen in the vicinity of Grand Island, the party had constantly moved alongthe southern bank of, first the Platte proper, and then of its southern fork.Since they crossed the southern fork in the morning of May 24 and, movingnorthwestward on horseback, were able to reach the southern shore of thenorthern fork at noon of the following day, the type locality of Fringillabicolor Townsend might well be restricted to the western part of KeithCounty, Nebraska.Audubon (loc. cit.) quotes Townsend as saying: "I never observed thisbird to the west of the Black Hills." The "Black Hills" of Townsend are a
"range of high and stony mountains" not farther than one day's ride alongthe North Platte from its confluence with the Laramie, therefore in GoshenCounty and/or Platte County, Wyoming.Two more cotypes with similar data, No. 22951, a male, and No. 22953, afemale, are preserved in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciencesof Philadelphia. Genus MYOSPIZA RidgwayMyospiza humeralis pallidula WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 62: 161, Aug. 23, 1949.370276. Adult male. Maicao, Commissary of La Guajira, Colombia.April 14, 1941. Collected by Alexander Wetmore and Melbourne A.Carriker, Jr. Original number 11385.[Coturiiiculus raanimbe] var. dorsalis Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 1 : 549,January 1874.
=^Myospiza humeralis xanthornus (Darwin). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 480, 1938.21030. Adult male. Uruguay. September 1860. Collected by Christo-pher D. Wood? Original number 109. Second U.S. Survey of the RioParana (1859-1860).25261. Adult (sex not indicated). Buenos Aires, Province of BuenosAires, Argentina. September-October 1837. Collected by John K.Townsend. Original number 337. Received from the National Insti-tute, Washington.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 639Genus PASSERCULUS BonapartePasserculus sandwichensis bryanti RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 517, Feb. 25, 1885.
=Passercuhis sandwichensis alaudinus Bonaparte. See Peters and Gris-com. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 80: 473, 1938.96633. Adult male? Oakland, Alameda County, California. January23, 1884. Collected by Walter E. Bryant. Original number 1209.Received from Walter E. Bryant through Lyman Belding.96628. Adult female. Oakland, Alameda County, California. February14, 1884. Collected by V/alter E. Bryant. Original number 1242.Received from Walter E. Bryant through Lyman Belding.Passerculus beldingi Ridg^vayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 516, Feb. 25, 1885.
=Pa^serculus sandwichensis beldingi, Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. Cali-fornia Publ. Zool. 38: 307, 1932.96613. Adult male. San Diego, San Diego County, California. March 9,1834. Collected by Lyman Belding. Received from Lyman Belding.96614. Adult female. Same data as No. 96613.Passerculus guttatus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 473 (not earlier than May 13), 1867.
=Passerculus sandwichensis guttatus Lawrence. See Van Rossem, Condor49: 101, 1947.26615=17291 reentered. Adult "male"= (probably) female. San Josedel Cabo, State of Baja California, Mexico. Dec. 5-14, 1859. Col-lected by John Xantus. Original number 3459.P[asserculus]. sanctorum CouesKey to North American birds, ed. 2, p. 364, 1884.
=Passerculus sandwichensis sanctorum Coues. See Van Rossem, Condor49: 103, 1947.70636. Adult male. San Benito Islands=Islas Bonitas (lat. 28? 18' N.),Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico. Entered intothe museum register in May 1876. Collected by Thomas H. Streets.70637. Adult (sex not indicated) . Same data as No. 70636.The citation for this name is commonly given as Ridgway, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus. 5: 538, 1883, where, however, it is a nomen nudum. Hellmayr(Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11: 492 [footnote 2], 1938) points outcorrectly that the name was first validated by Coues in 1884.Ammodramus sandwichensis brunnescens ButlerAuk5(3):265, July 1888.
=Passerculus sandivichensis brunnescens (Butler). See Peters and Gris-com. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 80: 471-473, 1938.113558. Adult male. Valley of Mexico. Dec. 8, 1879. Collected byAmos W. Butler. Original number 29. Received from Amos W. Butler.
640 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Butler established this form upon a series of five specimens with similardata, four of them in his private collection, one in that of Frank S. Wright.Peters and Griscom {op. cit.) have pointed out that Butler's material in-cluded at least two subspecies, and have restricted the application of thename "to that element in the original series, showing the diagnostic charac-ters of the male shot on Dec. 8, 1879, which is marked 'type' in Butler'shandwriting on his original label, and which also carries a U.S. Nat. Mus.type label."How many of the original series may be considered cotypes of brunnescensunder this restriction is unknown to me, nor have I information on thepresent whereabouts of Butler's and Wright's skins.Genus AMMODRAMUS Swainson[(Coturniculus) passerinus] var. perpallidus "Ridgway, Mss." CouesKey to North American birds, p. 137, October 1872.=Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus (Coues). See Van Rossem,Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 360, 1934.58605. Adult male. Antelope Island (in Great Salt Lake), Davis County,Utah. June 4, 1869. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number1102. United States Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.Coues gave no indication as to specimens seen by him, but since he usedRidgway's MS. name, the types should be sought among those examined byRidgway. In the latter 's report on the ornithology of the Geological Explora-tion of the 40th Parallel, we find but two specimens listed, of which one, ajuvenile from Nevada, is hardly worthy of consideration; in the circum-stances. No. 58605, marked by Ridgway himself as "Type," is the onlypossible type specimen.Coturniculus savannarum floridanus MearnsProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 24: 915, June 2, 1902.=Ammodramus savannarum floridanus (Mearns). See Hellmayr, Cata-logue of birds of the Americas 11: 497, 1938.176981. Adult male. Kissimmee Prairie, at the "7-mile Hummock" eastof Alligator Bluff, Osceola County, Florida. Apr. 23, 1901. Collectedby Edgar A. Mearns. Original number 12531. Received from EdgarA. Mearns (of whose private collection it once formed part)
.
Ammodramus savannarum obscurus NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 61, January 1897.=Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus Swainson. See Van Rossem,Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 359-360, 1934.143801. Adult male. Minatitlan, State of Veracruz, Mexico. Apr. 21,1896. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 3709. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 641Emberiza Bairdii AudubonBirds of America 7: 359, pi. 500, 1844.=Ammodramus bairdii (Audubon). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11: 501, 1938.1885. "Prairie of the Upper Missouri"=Fort Union (near the confluenceof the Yellowstone River with the Missouri), Williams or McKenzieCounty, North Dakota. July 26, 1843. Collected by Edward Harrisand John G. Bell. Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose privatecollection it once formed part) , who acquired it from John J. Audubon.Two cotypes of this form are preserved in the Academy of NaturalSciences of Philadelphia, where they are Nos. 24085 and 24086.See my remarks on the type locality under Alauda Spragueii Audubon (p.474).Centronyx ochroceplialus AikenAmerican Naturalist 7 (4) : 237, April 1873.=Ammodramus bairdii (Audubon). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11: 501, 1938.162696. Adult male. "Dry, open plains," El Paso County, Colorado.Collected by Charles E. H. Aiken. Original number 1113. Purchasedfrom Charles E. H. Aiken (of whose private collection it once formedpart)
.
Genus AMMOSPIZA OberholserAmmodramus caudacutus becki RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 14: 483, Oct. 22, 1891.=Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni (Allen). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl.Zool.38:307,1932.120310. Adult (sex not indicated). "Among the tules on the edge of asmall salt-water slough" near Milpitas, Santa Clara County, California.May 6, 1891. Collected by RoUo H. Beck.Ammodramus maritimus figheri ChapmanAuk 16 (1): 10, January 1899.=Ammospiza maritima fisheri (Chapman). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 510, 1938.163722. Adult female. Grand Isle, Grand Island, coast of JeffersonParish, Louisiana. June 9, 1886. Collected by Albert K. Fisher. Orig-inal number 2622. Received from Albert K. Fisher (of whose privatecollection it once formed part)
.
Passerherbulus miaritimus howelli Griscom and NicholsProc. Linn. Soc. New York 32 : 22, Nov. 3, 1920.=Ammospiza maritima fisheri (Chapman). See Griscom, Occas. PapersMus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 19: 319-321, 1944.
642 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221231131. Adult male. Dauphin Island (at the mouth of Mobile Bay),Mobile County, Alabama. Feb. 13, 1912. Collected by Ernest G. Holt.Original number 24. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Fringilla Macgillivraii AudubonOrnithological biography 2 : 285, 1834.=Ammospiza maritima macgillivraii (Audubon). See Chapman, Auk16: 10, 1899; Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11:507,1938.2894. Immature (sex not indicated). Received from Spencer F. Baird(of whose private collection it once formed part), who acquired it fromJohn J. Audubon.This bird has been traditionally considered the type of Fringilla Macgilli-vraii Audubon, and is accordingly here listed, but it should be noted that (1)Audubon had "a dozen specimens" in his series, that (2) this skin lacks allpertinent data, that (3) it is an immature and Audubon's description seemsto be based upon adults. No. 2894 is in m.y eyes at most a paratype.Thryospiza maritima pelonota OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 126, Oct. 17, 1931.=Ammospiza maritima pelonota (Oberholser). See Griscom., Occas.Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 19: 314-315, 1944; Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11 : 508, 1938.298868. Adult male. New Smyrna, Volusia County, Florida. May 16,1925. Collected by Arthur H. Howell. Original number 2003. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Ammodromus [sic] maritimus, var. nigrescens Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5 (12) : 198, December 1873.=Ammospiza maritima nigrescens (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 511 (footnote 1), 1938,83501. Adult female (not male). Indian River="Dummitt's Grove"=the collector's camp on the Indian River "just north of the HauloverCanal and about a mile and a half from the famous Dummitt's Groveon Mosquito Lagoon" (see Howell, Florida bird life, p. 15, 1932),Brevard County, Florida. Apr. 4, 1872. Collected by Charles J. May-nard. Original number 7251. Received from Robert Ridgway, inwhose private collection it was No. 1855.Sutton (Florida Naturalist 22: 29, 1949) has attempted to show that thetype locality of nigrescens is not somewhere on Merritt's Island, but SaltLake, near Titusville. Salt Lake is the place where the form was first col-lected by Maynard on Mar. 17, 1872, and is the type locality for Ammo-dramus melanoleucus Maynard, 1875, but it cannot be denied that the typespecimen of nigrescens Ridgway, 1873, was taken on Apr. 4, 1872, when(fide Howell, loc. cit.) Maynard was based at "his old collecting station nearDummitt's grove on Indian River (April and May)."
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 643Thryospiza mirabilis HowellAuk 36 (1):86, Jan. 5, 1919.=Ammospiza maritima mirabilis (Howell), See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 511, 1938; Griscom, Occas. Papers Mus. Zool.Louisiana State Univ. 19: 325-326, 1944.261542. Adult male. "Coastal marshes in the vicinity of Cape Sable,"Monroe County, Florida. Feb. 18, 1918. Collected by Arthur H.Howell. Original number 1599. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service. Genus POOECETES Baird[Poocaetes gramineus] variety confinis Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9: 448,1858.
=Pooecetes gramineus confinis (Baird). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 513, 1938.8945. Adult female. "Loup fork of Platte"=(as of July 29, 1857) theconfluence of the Dismal River with the Middle Loup, near Dunning,Blaine County, Nebraska. July 29, 1857. Collected by Ferdinand V.Hayden. Exploration of the Upper Missouri and Yellowstone.8942. Immature male. Same data as No. 8945.Baird established this form upon a very long series of cotypes from manyparts of the West, but the restricted type locality "Loup fork of Platte" hasbeen generally accepted for many years. (I have been unable to learn whenand by whom the restriction was made.) In the circumstances, I accept hereas cotypes only Nos. 8942 and 8945, both taken at the same place on thesame day. (No. 8947, stated by Baird to have been collected on July 29,1857, was, according to the museum register, in fact shot on July 19 and thuscame from some other reach of the stream; it cannot now be found in thecollection.)Warren's party, of which Hayden was a member, followed the LoupFork (=Middle Loup River) from mouth to source; birds taken anywherealong its banks were labelled simply "Loup Fork." The map accompanyingWarren's "Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota inthe Years 1855-'56-'57," (1875), shows their camp sites with dates.Genus AIMOPHILA SwainsonZonotrichia melanotis LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 473 (not earlier than May 13) , 1867.
=Aim,ophila ruficauda acuminata (Salvin and Godman). See Hellmayr,Catalogue of birds of the Americas 11 : 520, 1938.31827. Adult male. Tonala (not "Plains of Colima"), State of Jalisco,Mexico. June 1863. Collected by John Xantus. Original number 1002.
644 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Peucaea carpalis CouesAmerican Naturalist 7 (6) : 322 (footnote), June 1873.=Aimophila carpalis carpalis (Coues) . See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11: 521, 1938.62372. Adult (sex not indicated). Vicinity of Tucson, Pima County,Arizona. September 1872. Collected by Charles E. Bendire. Receivedfrom Elliott Coues (in whose private collection it was No. 2689).Bendire (Ornithologist and Oologist 7: 121, 1882) writes: "I found thesebirds very common on the ridges bordering Rillitto Creek, a little back fromthe creek bottom proper, but seldom any great distance from the latter inthe dry and arid cactus covered plains. The Rufous-winged Sparrow seemedto be particularly partial to a strip of country scarcely a mile in length byfour hundred yards wide running parallel to the creek and near the presentsite of Camp Lowell. ... Ik this comparatively small space I found notless than forty-three of their nests with eggs and a still larger number ofthose of the Black-throated Sparrow which were still more common, besidesa number of nests containing young birds in various stages of growth."Haemophila sumichrasti LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 10 (1-3) : 6, February-March 1871.=Aimophila sumichrasti (Lawrence). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11: 522, 1938.54139. Adult female. Juchitan (not "Tuchitan"), State of Oaxaca,Mexico. Sept. 8, 1868. Collected by A. L. Frangois Sumichrast. Orig-inal number 59.Ainiophila rufescens pallida Nelson and T. S. PalmerAuk 11 (1) : 43, January 1894.131516. Adult female. Etzatlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. June 16, 1892.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 180. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Aimophila rufescens discolor RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 10: 587, Aug. 6, 1888.112119. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua (the southbank is Nicaragua, and the north bank, except at the mouth, is contestedterritory). July 19, 1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Original number 2032.112120. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. Aug. 8,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2071.112121. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. July 19,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2031.112122. Adult female. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. July 22,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2041.112123. Adult male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. July 12,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2010.112124. Adult female. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. July 22,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2042.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 645112125. Immature male. Rio Segovia, Honduras or Nicaragua. July 19,1887. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 2030.Aimophila riificeps sororia RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 226, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies).90063. Adult female. Sierra de la Victoria, State of Baja California,Mexico. Feb. 19 (not 9), 1883. Collected by Lyman Belding.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway (p.601).Peucaea ruficeps fusca NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 62, January 1897.=Aimophila ruficeps fusca (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11:531, 1938.135909. Adult female. Etzatlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico. June 18,1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 185. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Peucaea ruficeps australis NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 63, January 1897.=Aimophila ruficeps australis (Nelson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11:531, 1938.136131. Adult female. Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. June 15,1894. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 2104. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Peucaea illinoensis RidgwayBull. Nuttall Orn. Club 4 (4) : 219, October 1879.=Aimophila aestivalis illinoensis (Ridgway). See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 61 : 463, 1944.78385. Adult (sex not indicated). "Lower Cross Timbers," near Gaines-ville, Cooke County, Texas. Apr. 10, 1879. Collected by George H.Ragsdale.78386. Adult (sex not indicated). Aug. 11, 1879. Other data same asfor No. 78385.78387. Adult (sex not indicated). Apr. 29, 1879. Other data same asfor No. 78385.83605=61244 reentered. Adult male. Mount Carmel, Wabash County,Illinois. Aug. 14, 1871. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Originalnumber 1479. Received from Robert Ridgway, of whose private col-lection it once formed part.83606. Adult male. Mount Carmel, Wabash County, Illinois. Aug. 11,1871. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Original number 1471. Re-ceived from Robert Ridgway, of whose private collection it once formedpart.These five perhaps represent all the cotypes, since there is no evidence thatRidgway actually examined the skins taken by Nelson and Jencks.
U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221No. 83606 has been considered the type by Charles W. Richmond, despitethe fact that it is the only one of five upon whose label nowhere appearsthe word "Type" in Ridgway's hand, and despite the fact that No. 83605carries the red-rimmed private label sometimes used by Ridgway to dis-tinguish a type specimen
!
No. 61244 was presented to the museum by Ridgway in December 1871or January 1872, but must at some time have reentered his own collectionas part of an exchange, since it was again enregistered (as No. 83605) in1881, when he finally made over his entire collection to the museum.Fringilla Bachmani AudubonBirds of America (folio) 2: pi. 165, 1833.=Aimophila aestivalis bachmani (Audubon) . See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of tlie Americas 11:531, 1938; A.O.U. Committee on Clas-sification and Nomenclature, Auk 68: 369, 1951.2872. Adult (sex not indicated). Received from Spencer F. Baird (ofwhose private collection it once formed part) , who acquired it fromJohn J. Audubon.This is presumably a cotype, but since its oldest label is devoid of allessential data, except for the "n" indicating that it came to Baird fromAudubon, its true history cannot now be traced.Peucaea aestivalis, var. Arizonae RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 7 (10) : 616, October 1873.=Aimophila holterii arizonae (Ridgway) . See Phillips, Auk 60: 244,1943.6327. Adult male. Nogales ("on the Arizona boundary at Monument122: long. 110?57'; alt. 3,852 feet," fide Van Rossem, Occ. Papers Mus.Zool, Louisiana State Univ. 21:311, 1945), State of Sonora, Mexico.June 1855. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Original number 84.United States-Mexican Boundary Survey.Aimophila botterii texana A. R. PhillipsAuk 60 (2) : 242, Apr. 5, 1943.165985. Adult male. Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas. May 2, 1900.Collected by Vernon 0. Bailey. Original number 800. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Aimophila botterii goldmani A. R. PhillipsAuk 60 (2) : 243, Apr. 5, 1943.157267. Adult male. Santiago Ixcuintla, State of Nayarit, Mexico. June19, 1897. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman.Original number 4509. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Coturniculus mexicanus LawrenceAnn. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York 8: 474 (not earlier than May 13) , 1867.
=Aimophila botterii botterii (Sclater). See Phillips, Auk 60: 243, 1943.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 64731825. Adult female. Tonala, at the base of the Volcan de Colima (not
"Plains of Colima"), State of Jalisco, Mexico. June 1863. Collectedby John Xantus. Original number 1010.Aimophila sartorii RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 227, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies).
=Aimophila petenica petenica (Salvin) . See Van Tyne, Misc. Publ. Mus.Zool. Univ. Michigan 27: 41, 1935.44752. Adult female. Huatusco (near Hacienda "Mirador"), State ofVeracruz, Mexico. July 12, 1860. Collected by Florentin Sartorius.Original number 294.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway (p.601).Zonotrichia Cassinii WoodhouseProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6 (2) : 60, (not earlier than Apr.27), 1852.=Aimophila cassinii (Woodhouse). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11:535, 1938.12531. Adult male. "On the prairie" near San Antonio, Bexar County,Texas. Apr. 25, 1851. Collected by Samuel W. Woodhouse.Genus AMPHISPIZA CouesAmphispiza bilineata opuntia Burleigh and LoweryOccas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. 6: 68, Nov. 10, 1939.=Amphispiza bilineata confinis Van Rossem. See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 62:448,449, 1945.342085. Adult male. Ten miles east of Frijole (at elev. 4,800 feet),Guadalupe Mountains, Culberson County, Texas, Jan. 2, 1939. Col-lected by Thomas D. Burleigh. Original number 5458. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Amphispiza bilineata deserticola RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 229, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies)
.
98884. Adult male. Tucson, Pima County, Arizona. May 12, 1884.Collected by Edward W. Nelson.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgway (p.601).Amphispiza bilineata pacifica NelsonAuk 17 (3) : 267, July 1900.164339. Adult female. Alamos (lat. 27?0r N., long. 108?58' W.), Stateof Sonora, Mexico. Dec. 29, 1898. Collected by Edward A. Goldman.Original number 6024. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.500936?61 42
648 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Amphispiza bilineata grisea NelsonProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 12: 61, Mar. 24, 1898.136006. Adult male. Tula, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Mar. 9, 1893.Collected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 868. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Poospiza Bellii, var. Nevadensis RidgwayBull. Essex Inst. 5 (11) : 191, November 1873.^=Amphispiza belli nevadensis (Ridgway). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11: 543, 1938.53516. Adult male. "Camp No. 18"="Wright's Canon, on the westernslope of the West Humboldt Mountains," near Oreana, Pershing County,Nevada. Sept. 11, 1867. Collected by Robert Ridgway. Originalnumber 182. U.S. Geological Exploration of the 40th Parallel.While no definite specimens are mentioned at the original description, No.53516 is stated to be the type by Ridgway, op. cit., p. 198.Amphispiza belli clementess RidgwayAuk 15 (3) : 230, May 14, 1898 (distribution date of author's advancecopies)
.
=Amphispiza belli clementeae Ridgway. See A.O.U. Committee onClassification and Nomenclature, Auk 61:463, 1944.117612. Adult male. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. Jan. 25, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.See my remarks under Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens Ridgivay (p.601).Amphispiza belli cinerea C. H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13 : 136, Sept. 9, 1890.117575. Adult male. Ballenas Bay (Pacific coast at about lat. 26?45' N.)
,
State of Baja California, Mexico. May 3-4, 1888. Collected by CharlesH. Townsend. Received from the U.S. Fish Commission.Genus JUNCO WaglerSlruthus caniceps WoodhouseProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6(6): 202, Feb. 7, 1853.=Junco caniceps caniceps (Woodhouse). See Miller, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 44: 381-382, 1941.9281. Adult female. "Camp No. 17"= (probably) Hart Spring, SanFrancisco Pvlountains (at lat. 35?16' N.), Coconino County, Arizona(not New Mexico). Oct. 14, 1851. Collected by Samuel W. Wood-house.Woodhouse had as cotypes "several specimens of males" in the collectionof the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and this one female.The male birds have now vanished without trace.Junco dorsalis HenryProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 10: 117 (not earlier than May 25),1858.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 649
=Junco caniceps dorsalis Henry. See Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool.44: 382-384, 1941.9272=9271 ? Adult (sex not indicated) . Fort Stanton (not Fort Thorn )
,
Lincoln County, New Mexico. Entered into the museum register onFeb. 27, 1858. Collected by T. Charlton Henry.There were apparently but two cotypes of this form, of which one (No.9271=9272?) was returned to its collector in 1859 and has now disappeared.The true type locality of Junco dorsalis has been established by Cooke{in Bailey, Birds of New Mexico, p. 740, 1928). That the views there ex-pressed are correct may be assumed not only from the evidence adduced byCooke, but also from the fact that the junco was described in the same noteas "Toxostoma dorsalis" on the leaf (pp. 117 and 118) that was to be sup-pressed about a month later, so that the name of the latter might be alteredto '^Toxostoma crissalis" (see Oberholser, Auk 37:303, 1920). In thecourse of correcting one printer's error, several others seem to have beenperpetrated
!
A full discussion of the ambiguities surrounding the data for Nos. 9271and 9272 has been presented by Miller {loc. cit.) . I suggest that the trueNo. 9271 was the specimen returned to Henry, and that Baird's No. "9270"should have read No. "9272"; many similar lapsus occur in his report of1858, and also in the notations subsequently added to the museum register,based upon carelessly copied early records.J [unco], cinereus palliatus RidgwayAuk 2 (4) : 364, October 1885.=Junco phaeonotus palliatus Ridgway. See Miller, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 44: 384-385, 1941.68817. Adult male. Graham Peak, Pinaleno Mountains, Graham County,Arizona. Sept. 19, 1874. Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Originalnumber 749. U.S. Geographical and Geological Explorations andSurveys West of the 100th Meridian (Expedition of 1874).Junco bairdi, "Belding, MS." RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 6: 155, Oct. 11, 1883.=Junco bairdi Ridgway. See Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool.44:386-388, 1941.89810. Adult male (not "not determined"). La Laguna (about lat.23?35' N.), Sierra de la Laguna (northern portion of the Sierra de laVictoria), State of Baja California, Mexico. Feb. 2, 1883. Collectedby Lyman Belding.89811. Adult (sex not indicated, not "male"). Same data as No. 89810.Doubtless through a printer's error, the numbers 89810 and 89811 weretransposed in Ridgway's original description.Junco fulvescens NelsonAuk 14 (1) : 61, January 1897.143906. Adult male. San Cristobal Las Casas, State of Chiapas, Mexico.Sept. 21, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-
G50 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLIOTIN 221man. Original number 'M)79. Received from llie U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Jiiiico altlcola SalvinProc. Zool. Soc. London, for M\0^ (2): \iV), August 1863.
.'U)7r>7. Adull (sex not indicalcd). Volcan de Fucgo, Deparlmcnt ofSacatepequez, Guatemala, November 1861. Collected by Osbert Salvinand Frederick Du C. Godnian. Original luimbcr 769. Received fromOsbert Salvin and Frederick. Du C Codnian (of whose })rivate collectionit once formed part)
.
This skin, received in Washington in December 1863, is marked by Salvinas "Typj! specimen," and is uiupicslionably one of the cotypes. Four others,with similar data, are in the collection of the British Museum (see Miller,Univ. California Publ. Zool. 41:388^-389, 19.11).F[risijj;tlla]. ()r?'g;iiiiia J. K. TownsendJourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 188, 1837.
=--Junco orc^iiuus orvg^aniis (Townsend). See Miller, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 44: 395-396, 1911.1917. Adult male. "Forests near the Columbia river"==vicinity of FortVancouver, Clark County, Washington. Oct. 5, 1834. Collected byJohn K. Townsend. Kcccivcd from Spencer F. Raird (of whose })rivatecollection it once formed part), who acquired it from John K. T(?vvn-send ?1918. Subadult male? "Ft)rests near ihe Columbia river." Oct. 16,1834. Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F.Baird (of whose i)rivale collection it once formed part), who acquired itfrom John K. Townsend?A third cotype, with similar dala, is preserved in the collection of theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where it is No. 24048.Jiiiiro iiioiitaiius KidgwayAuk If) (4) : 321, October 1898.=Junco oreganus montanus Ridgway. See Miller, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 44:391-393, 1941.1332S3. Adult male. Cohnnbia Falls, Flathead County, Montana. May7, 1894. Collected by Robert S. Williams. Received from Robert S.Williams.Junco nicnriisi RidgwayAuk 14 (1) : 94, Jajuiary 1897.=Junco oreganus mcainsl Ridgway. See Miller, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 44:390-391, 1941.11 16 1. Adult male. Fort Bridger (Camp Scott) , Uinta County, Wyoming.Apr. 12, 1858. ColUxited by Constanlin Drcxicr. Original number 177.South Pass Wagon Road Expedition.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 651Junco hyemalis sliufeldti CoaleAuk 4 (4) : 330, October 1887.=Junco oreganus shufeldti Coale. See Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool.44: 393-395, 1941.106035. Adult male. Fort Wingate, McKinley County, New Mexico.Oct. 13, 1885. Collected by Robert W. Shufeldt.Junco oreganus pontilis OberholserCondor 21 (3) : 119, June 6, 1919.196964. Adult male. "El Rayo" (a "ranch on western flank of SierraJuarez, altitude 4700 feet, a little south of lat. 32?, 7 miles west ofLaguna Hanson," fide Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 32:23,1928), State of Baja California, Mexico. June 4, 1905. Collected byEdward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Original number 11276.Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Junco insularis RidgwayBull. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr. 2 (2) : 188, 1876.70015. Adult male. Guadalupe Island (lat. 29?00' N., long. 118?15' W.)
,
eastern Pacific Ocean off the State of Baja California, Mexico. Feb.12, 1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 10.70016. Adult male. Feb. 12-20, 1875. Other data same as for No.70015.70017. Adult male. Same data as No. 70016.70018. Adult male. Same data as No. 70016.70020. Adult female. Guadalupe Island. Feb. 12-20, 1875. Collectedby Edward Palmer. Original number 9.70021. Adult female. Same data as No. 70020.70023. Adult female. Same data as No. 70020.70024. Adult female. Same data as No. 70020.70026. Immature (sex not indicated). Guadalupe Island. Feb. 12-20,1875. Collected by Edward Palmer. Original number 49.70027. Immature (sex not indicated). Same data as No. 70026.Thirteen specimens came from Palmer to the museum, but only twelvewere listed by Ridgway in the original description, since No. 70019 hadapparently already disappeared prior to report on the collection. The miss-ing No. 70019, should it ever be found, has accordingly no claim to cotype-ship.Two other specimens are not listed above; of these, No. 70021, a female,was sent on April 12, 1883, to Osbert Salvin and is now in the BritishMuseum (Natural History), London, while No. 70025, an unsexed immature(with original number "35") was sent in 1877 to George N. Lawrence,from whom it may have passed to the American Museum of Natural History,New York.
652 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Although, at the original description, all of these (excepting No. 70019)were given equal status as cotypes, yet it should be noted that the word
"Type" in Ridgv/ay's hand appears on the reverse side of the oldest labels ofNo. 70015, a male, and No. 70023, a female.Junco hyemalis danbyi CouesNidiologist 3 (2) : 14, October 1895.=Junco aikeni Ridgway. See Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool.41:409, 1944.153188. Adult (sex not indicated). Custer, Custer County, South Da-kota. September 1895. Collected by Elliott Coues. Received fromElliott Coues.Junco hyemalis, var. Aikeni RidgwayAmerican Naturalist 7 (10): 613 (in key), 615, October 1873.^^Junco aikeni Ridgway. See Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool.44:404-405, 1941.61302. Adult male. Near Fountain, El Paso County, Colorado. Dec. 11,1871. Collected by Charles E. H. Aiken. Original number 1053. Re-ceived from Charles E. H. Aiken (of whose private collection it onceformed part).Ridgway states that he examined a series of four males and two females,but our No. 61302, for which full data are given at the original description,is obviously the type, even though, perhaps through an oversight, the word
"type" is nowhere used. This specimen had already entered the museumcollection early in 1872, and it is certain that Ridgway intended to bestowtypeship upon the only member of the series not the personal property of thecollector.Junco anneclens Bairdin Cooper, Geol. Surv. California, Orn. 1:564 (not earlier thanOctober) 1870.=Junco caniceps caniceps (Woodhouse) X Junco oreganus mearnsiRidgway. See Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 44: 405-406, 1941.10701. Adult female. Fort Bridger (Camp Scott), Unita County, Wyo-ming (not Utah). May 28, 1858. Collected by Constantin Drexler.Original number 474. South Pass Wagon Road Expedition.Baird had before him several specimens, but Ridgway (Birds of Northand Middle America 1: 276 [footnote 2], 1901) has shown that all but No.
1 0701 were examples of the form later to be named Junco oreganus mearnsiRidgway (an opinion with which Miller concurs) . Thus restricted, the skinlisted above is the only possible type of Junco annectens.Genus SPIZELLA BonaparteSplzella passerina boreophila OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 45 (2) : 59, Mar. 14, 1955.194942. Adult male. Fort Simpson (at the confluence of the Mackenzieand Liard Rivers), District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories,
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 653Canada. May 23, 1904. Collected by Edward A. Preble. Originalnumber 1761. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
[ (Spizella) socialis] var. arizonae CouesKey to North American Birds, p. 143, Oct. 1872.
=^Spizella passerina arizonae Coues. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 557, 1938.37151. Adult male. Fort Whipple (near Frescott), Yavapai County,Arizona. Oct. 6, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number814.37153. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Whipple, Yavapai County,Arizona. Aug. 29, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number667.37157. Adult male. Fort Wliipple, Yavapai County, Arizona, Oct. 10,1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 778.37158. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Ari-zona. Oct. 10, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 736.37164 A. Adult (sex not indicated). Fort Whipple, Yavapai County,Arizona. Oct. 6, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number816.37164 B. Subadult female. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona.Sept. 24, 1864'. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number not known.37165. Subadult (sex not indicated). Fort Whipple, Yavapai County,Arizona. Sept. 17, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original num-ber 756.Some 40 specimens, all from Fort Whipple and all of Coues's collecting,were entered into the museum register prior to publication of the namearizonae; perhaps 35 of these were still in the collection in October 1872, andall must be considered as at least potential cotypes. (Of the 35, 17 now liebefore me.)Twenty-six specimens taken in the autumn of 1864 were entered into theregister in April 1865, apparently by Baird, as "Spizella arizonae Coues"(without a following query) ; so far as members of this series are still inWashington, the same name appears in Coues's hand upon their labels.Thirteen others, mostly taken in the spring of 1865, were entered inJanuary 1866 as "Spizella ?"; upon the labels of surviving specimens ap-pears in Coues's hand either " 'arizonae'?" and/or "socialis?."Careful study of Coues's diagnosis shows that the cotypes must be adultor subadult birds in autumn plumage?in short, members of the earlierseries labeled by Coues himself as arizonae and from which the diagnosispublished in 1872 must have been drawn. The series collected in the springof 1865 does not, of course, fit this diagnosis, since the crown is no longer
"grayish-brown streaked with dusky like the back," the black frontlet is notlacking, and there is a "definite ashy superciliary line." To judge fromlabel identifications, the spring-taken series must have caused Coues himself
654 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
to doubt the validity of the form he had intended to name from the autumn-taken birds.Despite the author's reservations, he was nevertheless to publish the namein October 1872, accompanied by a diagnosis established wholly upon theautumn birds collected in 1864 and to which he had tentatively given thename arizonae as early as 1865.In other words, the cotypes of arizonae must be found among Nos. 37145-37170, some of which, wearing a striated immature plumage not mentionedin the description, need not be seriously considered. The 7 listed above arethe only ones still in Washington; on the labels of four of them, Richmondhas written "Cotype!," but at no time could he decide which one had moreclaim to typeship than another and therefore never selected any one of themas the type. Of the 19 not listed above, some have disappeared from thecollection without trace, while others were sent long ago to various institu-tions and collectors. . ,Spizella socialis mexicana Nelson 'Auk 16 (1) : 30, January 1899.
=Spizella passerina mexicana Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 558, 1938.143975. Adult male. San Cristobal Las Casas, State of Chiapas, Mexico.Sept. 24, 1895. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Gold-man. Original number 3116. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Emberiza Shattuckii AudubonBirds of America 7: 347, pi. 493.
=Spizella pallida (Swainson). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds of theAmericas 11:559, 1938.1937. Adult (sex not indicated). "The country bordering the UpperMissouri"=vicinity of Fort Union (near the confluence of the Yellow-stone River with the Missouri), Williams or McKenzie County, NorthDakota. 1843. Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose privatecollection it once formed part), who acquired it from John J. Audubon.Spizella Breweri CassinProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8 (1) : 40 (not earlier than Feb. 26),1856.
=Spizella breweri breweri Cassin. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11: 561, 1938.1905. Adult female. "Rocky Mts."=Big Sandy Creek (at about lat.42?00' N., long. 109?30' W.) , Sweetwater County, Wyoming. June 15,1834. Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F.Baird (of whose private collection it once formed part), who acquiredit from John J. Audubon, who, in turn, obtained it from John K. Town-send.2890. Adult male. Same data as No. 1905.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 655Our Nos. 1905 and 2890 were taken at the same time and place as the typespecimen of Orpheus montanus Townsend (see Coues, Auk 17: 68-69, 1900)
.
Cassin saw an unspecified number of skins from "Western North America,California, New Mexico," most of which doubtless were or are in the Academyof Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. At least one of these is listed by Stone(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 51: 30, 1899) : a Townsend-taken bird(No. 24050) from "Black Hills, Dak[ota]." This bird could have come, ofcourse, only from Townsend's "Black Hills" of Wyoming; see my remarksunder F[ringilla]. bicolor Townsend (p. 637)
.
Spizella wortheni RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 259, Sept. 19, 1884.98512. Adult male. Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico. June 16,1884. Collected by Charles H. Marsh. Received from Charles K.Worthen.Spizella evura CouesProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1866, p. 87, June 11, 1866.
=Spizella atrogularis evura Coues. See Van Rossem, Condor 37: 282-283, 1935.40821. Immature female. Fort Whipple, Yavapai County, Arizona.July 21, 1865. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original number 1540.83567. Immature (sex not indicated). Fort Whipple, Yavapai County,Arizona. Aug. 10, 1864. Collected by Elliott Coues. Original num-ber 529. Received from Robert Ridgway (of whose private collectionit once formed part), who probably acquired it from Elliott Coues.The name evura first appeared on Coues's labels for Nos. 37142-37144(from 50 miles south of Fort Wingate, New Mexico), which were enteredinto the museum register by Baird in April 1865 as "Spizella evura Coues,"but these three (none of which is now in the museum) are precluded byprovenience from consideration as cotypes.At the place in which the name evura is first published, Coues states that
"during my first autumn [1864] at Fort Whipple I shot numerous specimens"exhibiting the characters of evura. Not one of these can now be found inWashington with the exception of No. 83567, which was apparently obtainedby Ridgway directly from Coues; on the reverse side of Ridgway's privatelabel is written "Typical of 'evura' Coues," in Coues's own hand.No. 40821, although not collected in the autumn of 1864, yet was takenprior to publication of the name, and is at least potentially a cotype; uponthe face of Coues's private label is written "Spizella 'evura' mihi."Spizella atrogularis cana "Coues" Grinnell and SwarthAuk 43 (4) : 478, Oct. 11, 1926.23867. Immature male. Sierra Santa Gerlrudis, "a southern section ofthe Victoria Mountains in the Cape district, not far from San Jose delCabo" (see Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool. 32 : 31, 1928), State
656 U-S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
of Baja California, Mexico. January 1861. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 6022.Although the name cana has been generally attributed to Coues (Proc.Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, for 1866, p. 88, 1866), I cannot see that it isthere anything but a nomen nudum?not only unaccompanied by any indi-cation of difference, but even (erroneously) shown to be inseparable fromCoues's evura: "Several specimens from Cape St. Lucas, in precisely theplumage of my autumnal Whipple examples, I find labeled by Baird with theMSS. name '5. cana, n. s.' " (complete "description")
.
If Coues is to be accepted as author of a valid name, a number of cotypesare to be considered, but No. 23867 is the type of Spizella atrogularis canaGrinnell and Swarth.Strulhus atrimentalis CouchProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (2) : 67 (not earlier than Apr.25), 1854.
=Spizella atrogularis atrogularis (Cabanis). See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 564, 1938.4335. Adult male. Agua Nueva, State of Coahuila, Mexico. May 1853.Collected by Darius N. Couch. Original number 223.Genus ZONOTRICHIA SwainsonFringilla Harrisii AudubonBirds of America 7: 331, pi. 484, 1844.
=^Zonotrichia querula (Nuttall). See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birds ofthe Americas 11 : 565, 1938.1940. Adult male. "Kickapoo country"=Doniphan County, Kansas. May6 (not 5), 1843. Collected by Edward Harris. Received from SpencerF. Baird (of whose private collection it once formed part) , who acquiredit from John J. Audubon.Audubon states that six specimens were actually shot, all but one byEdward Harris. Reference to Harris's Journal (ed. McDermott, Universityof Oklahoma Press, p. 57, 1951) shows that the first of the species was takenby him on May 4, 1843, along the Missouri below the Black Snake Hills. OnMay 5, the party "stopped at Black Snake Hills on the Missouri Side of theriver [ = Robidoux's Post on the site of the future city of Saint Joseph,Buchanan County] ." On May 6 was collected "another Finch of same speciesas that of Thursday [May 4] in better plumage?both males?Landed ourIndians today at their settlement." The third specimen was not taken untilseveral days later.The oldest label carried by our No. 1940 has all data written in Baird'shand. The date "5 May" can only be a lapsus calami for May 4 or May 6.since the accounts of both Audubon and Harris mention no specim.en ofthe new bird taken on May 5. The Vvords "Kickapoo country" indicatethat our skin is indeed the one of May 6, since the farthest point of theriverside boundary of the Kickapoo Reservation (which began across theMissouri just a few miles above the modern Saint Joseph) would have been
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 657passed during the first day's travel upstream from Robidoux's Post, whichhad heen visited on May 5, lo43.Two other cotypes, obtained from Edward Harris, are in the collectionof the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Nos. 24073 and 24074)
.
Zoiiotrichia leucophrys, var. mtermedia Ridgwayin Baird and Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst. 5 (12) : 198, December 1873.
=Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (Nuttall). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11: 567, 1938.3341. Adult? female. California. Winter, "1853-1854" (see Baird,Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9:461, 1858) =1843-1844? Col-lected by William Gambel. Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whoseprivate collection it once formed part) , who acquired it from Thomas B.Wilson, who, in turn, obtained it from William Gambel.5551. Subadult male. Petaiuma, Sonoma County, California. Enteredinto the museum register in December 1856. Collected by EmanuelSamuels. Original number 293.6205. Adult male. Sacramento, Sacramento County, California. Enteredinto the museum register on Apr. 13, 1857. Collected by Adolphus L.Heermann.26568. Adult? female. San Jose del Cabo, State of Baja California,Mexico. Nov. 15, 1859. Collected by John Xantus. Original num-ber 3365.46986. Adult? female. Laredo, Webb County, Texas. Feb. 3, 1867.Collected by H. B. Butcher. Original number 897.52683. Adult (sex not indicated, but apparently male). Sun River, Cas-cade County, Montana. Sept. 25, 1867. Collected by Rudolph B. Hitz.Original number 130.62998. Aduh? female. Iron Springs, Iron County, Utah. Oct. 4, 1872.Collected by Henry W. Henshaw. Original number 227. Geographi-cal and Geological Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian(Expedition of 1872).Ridgway mentioned no type locality for this form, but gave its range as
"Middle Province of the U.S., north to Alaska in the interior." Not untilpublication of his "Birds of North and Middle America" ( 1 : 340 [footnote 2]
,
1901) , does he state: "Type from Ft. Kenai, Alaska, May." There is reasonto believe, however, as I shall show, that the four skins available to him fromFort Kenai (Nos. 58435, 58436, 58438, and 58439) were not consideredrepresentative of intermedia at the time of description.I have withdrawn from the collection all surviving specimens that havebeen labeled intermedia ijy Ridgway himself and that were part of the col-lection prior to December 1873 (many seen by him have been sent away orhave otherwise been lost to the museum) . There are eight of these, of whichsix (Nos. 3341, 5551, 6205, 26568, 46986, and 52684) carry original labelsupon which the words "gambelii" or "leucophrys" have been crossed out
658 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BX7LLETIN 221
with blue pencil, while the word "intermedia" in Ridgway's hand appears onthe reverse side in the same blue pencil.A seventh, No. 62998, carries as its oldest label Ridgway's own, uponwhich appears the red tab with which he distinguished type specimens in hisprivate collection.The eighth. No. 26572, has the word "intermedia" written in ink by Ridg-way on the obverse side of the label; I assume that this identification wasmade subsequently to description of intermedia, and that it was not one ofthe original series.Two of the Fort Kenai birds (Nos. 58438 and 58439) now lie before me.No. 58438 carries only a red type label, upon which the name and data havebeen transcribed by William Palmer. The other, bearing an original label,at no time, by anyone, has been identified as anything but gambelii! Thus,although these skins had been available to Ridgway in 1873, he did not thenconsider them representative of his intermedia, and accordingly they did notbecome eligible for cotypeship.Another argmnent against the choice of a Fort Kenai bird as lectotype isthe fact that Ridgway in 1873 gave the Alaskan range of intermedia as "inthe interior," and in 1887 (Manual of North American birds, p. 416) as
"Breeding throughout Alaska (except coast east and south of the peninsula) ."Either of these statements would rule out Fort Kenai as type locality, and thesecond shows that as late as 1887 Ridgway had not yet claimed that hisintermedia occurred at Fort Kenai.It is very possible that some of the true cotypes listed above are repre-sentative of Z. /. leucophrys rather than of gambelii, and thus that the seriesshould be still further reduced.Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli RidgwayAuk 16 (1) : 36, January 1899.78183. Adult male. Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County, California. En-tered into the museum register on July 7, 1879. Collected by WilliamA. Cooper. Original number 52.Ridgway bestowed this name upon "the darker coast form" (his entiredescription ! ) , which had been previously erroneously known to authors as
^'gambelii." Since once again the author carelessly neglected to designatea type specimen, the entire series of nuttalli then in the museum should pre-sumably rank as cotypes!In 1901 Ridgway (Birds of North and Middle America, 1:343) states:
"type from Santa Cruz, mid. coast, California"; No. 78183 was about thattime equipped by William Palmer with a red type label. In fact, however,its claims to typeship are no more cogent than those of numerous othercotypes.Since the form was first properly diagnosed and given a type locality in1901, it might be argued that the name should be cited from 1901
!
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 659Brachyspiza antillarum RileySmithsonian Misc. Coll. 66 (15) : 2, Dec. 1, 1916.
=Zonotrichia capensis antillarum (Riley). See Chapman, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 77: 391, 1940.249605. Adult male. Constanza (elev. 5,000 feet), Dominican Republic,Hispaniola. Sept. 23, 1916. Collected by William L. Abbott.Brachyspiza capensis insularis RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 321, October 1898.
=Zonotrichia capensis insularis (Ridgway). See Chapman, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 77: 398, 1940.151724. Adult male. Curagao Island, Caribbean Sea off the State ofFalcon, Venezuela. July 28, 1895. Collected by Wirt Robinson. Orig-inal number 553.Zonotrichia capensis orestera WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 117 (2) : 9, Sept. 25, 1951.434103. Adult male. Southeast face of Cerro Campana (at elev. 2,000feet), Province of Panama, Panama. Mar. 2, 1951. Collected byAlexander Wetmore and Watson M. Perrygo. Original number 16122.Brachyspiza capensis mellea WetmoreProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 35: 39, Mar. 20, 1922.
=Zonotrichia capensis mellea (Wetmore). See Chapman, Bull. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist. 77: 403, 1940.284146. Adult male. Eight kilometers west of Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay.Sept. 16, 1920. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number5010. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Brachyspiza capensis choraules Wetmore and J. L. PetersProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 35: 44, Mar. 20, 1922.
=Zonotrichia capensis choraules (Wetmore and Peters). See Chapman,Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 77: 405, 1940.284125. Adult male. General Roca, Territory of Rio Negro, Argentina.Nov. 30, 1920. Collected by Alexander Wetmore. Original number5484. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Genus PASSERELLA SwainsonPasserella iliaca zaboria OberholserJourn. Washington Acad. Sci. 36 (11) : 388, Nov. 20, 1946.187118. Adult male. Circle (a settlement on the upper Yukon River,above its confluence with the Porcupine) , eastern Alaska. July 4, 1903.Collected by Ned Hollister. Original number 240. Received from theU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Passerella iliaca altivagans RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 234, Nov. 28, 1911.
660 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221222832. Subadult male. Moose Pass Branch (a headwater of the SmokyRiver in the northern part of Jasper National Park) , at about 7,000 feet,Province of Alberta, Canada. July 31, 1911. Collected by J. HarveyRiley. Original number 2175. Alpine Club of Canada's Expedition toJasper Park, Yellowhead Pass, and the Mount Robson Region, 1911.Passerella iliaca iiisularis RidgwayAuk 17 (1) : 30, January 1900.52475. Adult male. Kodiak Island (off the eastern base of the AlaskaPeninsula), southern Alaska. May 17, 1868. Collected by FerdinandBischoff. Original number 2.Passerella iliaca anneclens RidgwayAuk 17 (1) : 30, January 1900.170222. Adult male. Yakutat (a settlement on Yakutat Bay), south-eastern Alaska. June 29, 1899. Collected by Robert Ridgway.Passerella iliaca fuliginosa RidgwayAuk 16 (1) : 36, January 1899.157611. Adult male. Neah Bay, Clallam County, Washington. June 10,1897. Collected by Edward A. Preble. Original number 319. Re-ceived from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Plectrophanes townsendi AudubonBirds of America (folio) 4 (85) : pi. 424, fig. 7, 1838.
=Passerella. iliaca townsendi (Audubon). See Swarth, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 21: 144, 1920.2874. Adult female. "Columbia River"= (probably) the vicinity of FortVancouver, Clark County, Washington (see Townsend, Narrative of ajourney across the Rocky Mountains, p. 345, 1839). Feb. 15, 1836.Collected by John K. Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird (ofwhose private collection it once formed part), who acquired it fromJohn J. Audubon, who in turn obtained it from John K. Townsend.Passerella iliaca olivacea AldrichProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 56: 163, Dec. 8, 1943.270664. Adult male. Reflection Lake (elev. 4,900 feet). Mount Rainier,Pierce County, Washington. July 18, 1919. Collected by Walter P.Taylor. Original number 478. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wild-life Service.Passerella schistacea Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: xl (in list), 490, 1858.
=Passerella iliaca schistacea Baird. See Swarth, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 21:152, 1920.5718. Adult female. "Near Platte R[iver]"="probably between LaramieCrossing and Goodale's Crossing" (see Swarth, op. cit., p. 153), KeithCounty, Nebraska. July 19, 1856. Collected by William S. Wood, Jr.Original number 131. Wagon Road Expedition from Fort Riley toBridger's Pass, 1856.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 661P[asserella]. niegarhyncluis [51c] Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac. 9 : xl(in list), 925, 1858.
=Fasserella iliaca inegarhyncha Baird. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 591, 1938.10279. Adult male. Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. Entered intothe museum register on May 20, 1858. Collected by John Xantus.Original number 1299.10280 (reentered as 12402). Adult female. Fort Tejon, Kern County,California. Jan. 7-11, 1858. Collected by John Xantus. Originalnumber 1397.The only possible cotypes of this form are Nos. 10278-10280, the threefrom Fort Tejon listed by Baird on page 490 as Passerella "schistacea." No.10278 cannot now be found in the collection.Genus MELOSPIZA BairdMelospiza georgiana ericrypta OberholserBird life of Louisiana, Louisiana Dep. Cons. Bull. 28: 675, June 1938.283543. Adult male. Fort McMurray, near McMurray (at the confluenceof the Clearwater River with the Athabaska), Athabaska Electoral Dis-trict, Province of Alberta, Canada. May 6, 1921. Collected by JohnA. Loring. Original number 970. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Passerculus caboti Baird, Brewer, and RidgwayHistory of North American birds 2 : pi. 46, fig. 9, Jan. 1874.
=Melospiza georgiana georgiana (Latham). See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 595, 1938.62373. Immature (sex not indicated). Nahant, Essex County, Massa-chusetts. Entered into the museum register on Dec. 17, 1872. Col-lected by Samuel Cabot, Jr. Received from Samuel Cabot, Jr.This fragmentary specimen (consisting of head, neck, and upper backonly!) was nowhere described, but became the type of a colored drawing(which, incidentally, does not at all resemble its model ! )
.
Since no author's name is mentioned, Passerculus caboti is customarilycredited jointly to Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, but it may be noted that tlieoldest label carries the words "Passerculus caboti, Baird."Melospiza georgiana nigrescens G. M. Bond and StewartWilson Bull. 63 (1) . 38, April 1951.418565. Adult male. Marshes of the Nanticoke River (opposite Vienna),Wicomico County, Maryland. June 24, 1950. Collected by Gorman M.Bond and Robert E. Stewart. Original number 120. Received fromthe U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.This number of The Wilson Bulletin is dated "March 1951," but didnot appear until some lime in April. The editor then incumbent, GeorgeM. Sutton, informed me in a letter dated Apr. 30,1951: "The March issue
662 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221
of the Bulletin was badly delayed as a result of color-plate difficulties. Ireceived a sort of advance copy myself about April 10, but Dr. [Andrew J.]Berger did not receive his copy until April 27. From all that I can learn,April 24 is about as close as we can come to an accurate date of publication."The U.S. National Museum copy reached the museum library from Balti-more on April 24, so it must obviously have been sent out at least one dayearlier.Melospiza melodia maxima Gabrielson and LincolnCondor 53 (5) : 251, Sept. 26, 1951.230692. Adult male. Kiska Harbor, Kiska Island, Rat Group, AleutianIslands, Alaska. June 17, 1911. Collected by Alexander Wetmore.Original number 518. Received from the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService.Melospiza melodia amaka Gabrielson and LincolnCondor 53 (5) : 253, Sept. 26, 1951.298522. Adult male. Amak Island (off Cape Glazenap near the tip ofthe Alaska Peninsula), Alaska. July 13, 1925. Collected by Olaus J.Murie. Original number 3103. Received from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service.Melospiza insignis BairdTrans. Chicago Acad. Sci. 1 (2) : 319, pi. 29, fig. 2 (not earlier thanOct. 22), 1869.
=Melospiza melodia insignis Baird. See Heilmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11:600, 1938.52476. Adult female? (in register, " S "), Kodiak Island (off the easternbase of the Alaska Peninsula) , southern Alaska. May 27, 1868. Col-lected by Ferdinand Bischoff.52477. Adult male. Kodiak Island, southern Alaska. May 24, 1868.Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff. Original number 1.52479. Adult male. Kodiak Island, southern Alaska. June 10, 1868.Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff.54536. Adult (sex not indicated). Kodiak Island, southern Alaska.Sept. 25, 1868. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff.54537. Adult (sex not indicated). Kodiak Island, southern Alaska.Aug. 12, 1868. Collected by Ferdinand Bischoff.There were evidently six skins in Baird's original series, of which one, No.52478, has disappeared from the collection without trace.Although no specimen was designated as the type, yet Baird himself haswritten "Type" on the label (not Bischoff's original one) of No. 52476. Thechoice of this bird as lectotype is a strange one, since its bill has been shotaway (or eaten by insects?), its sex is doubtful, and its measurements arewell below the average ones given by the author.It might be noted that Nos. 54536 and 54537 were entered into the museumregister with the simple name "Melospiza," to which Baird himself lateradded "insignis n.s."; Nos. 52476-52479, originally entered as "Melospiza,"
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 663have the word "insignis" only in the hand of Charles W. Richmond. Thusit appears that Nos. 54536 and 54537 were the specimens that first convincedBaird that he had to deal with an unnamed race.Despite Baird's later and apparently capricious choice of No. 52476 aslectotype, all of the original six must be considered cotypes.Melospiza melotlia ke^iaiensis RidgwayAuk 17 (1) : 29, January 1900.131730. Adult? (on label, "juv") male. Port Graham (on the shore ofCook's Inlet near the tip of the Kenai Peninsula), southern Alaska.Apr. 9, 1892. Collected by Charles H. Townsend.Melospiza fasciata caurina RidgwayAuk 16 (1) : 36, January 1899.=Melospiza melodia caurina Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 601, 1938.138367. Adult male. Yakutat (a settlement on Yakutat Bay), southeast-ern Alaska. July 6, 1895. Collected by Clark P. Streator. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Melospiza melodia inexspeclata RileyProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 234, Nov. 28, 1911.222829. Adult female. On the Fraser River, about three miles east ofMoose Lake, Mount Robson National Park, Cariboo Electoral District,Province of British Columbia, Canada. Aug. 21, 1911. Collected byJ. Harvey Riley. Original number 2268. Alpine Club of Canada'sExpedition to Jasper Park, Yeilowhead Pass, and the Mount RobsonRegion, 1911.Fringilla cinerea "Gmel." AudubonOrnithological biography 5 : 22, 1839.Fringilla guttata NuttallManual of the ornithology of the United States and of Canada, ed. 2,p. 581, 1840.Melospiza melodia morphiia OberholserAuk 16 (2) : 183, Apr. 1899.
=Melospiza melodia morphna Oberholser. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 601-602, 1938.1860. Adult female. "Columbia River"=vicinity of Fort Vancouver,Clark County, Washington. Jan. 18, 1836. Collected by John K.Townsend. Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose private collec-tion it once formed part), who acquired it from Edward Harris, who,in turn, obtained it from John J. Audubon or John K. Townsend.1942. Adult (sex not indicated). "Columbia River";^vicinity of FortVancouver, Clark County, Washington. Collected by John K. Town-send. Received from Spencer F. Baird (of whose private collection itonce formed part) , who acquired it from John J. Audubon, who, in turn,obtained it from John K. Townsend.500936?61 43
664 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 221Baird has written upon an old label of No. 1860: "Fringilla cinerea ofAudubon. Type of his description and figure."Another cotype of Fringilla cinerea Audubon came through EdwardHarris into the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,where it is No. 24028. Stone (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 51: 19,1899) claims that this skin alone can be a type of Fringilla guttata Nuttall,but there is as much reason to believe that Nuttall saw our No. 1860, thenin Edward Harris's possession, as the Academy's No. 24028, then equallyin Harris's possession.Melospiza melodia morphna Oberholser is a new name for guttata Nuttall,preoccupied in Fringilla, and is based upon the same type specimen (s).In summary, No. 1860 is a cotype of Fringilla cinerea Audubon, and alsoa probable cotype of Fringilla guttata Nuttall and of Melospiza melodiamorphna Oberholser; No. 1942 is a probable cotype of Fringilla cinereaAudubon, but presumably has no connection with the other two names.Melospiza melodia fisherella OberholserProc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 251, Dec. 23, 1911.203507. Adult male. Honey Lake, near Milford, Lassen County, Cali-fornia. June 18, 1906. Collected by A. Sterhng Bunnell. Originalnumber 272. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Ammodromus Saniuelis BairdProc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 379, (not earlier than August) 1858.
=Melospiza melodia samuelis (Baird). See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 313, 1932.5553. Adult male. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. May 9, 1856.Collected by Emanuel Samuels. Original number 775.7098. Adult male. Petaluma, Sonoma County, California. May (notAug.) 9, 1856. Collected by Emanuel Samuels. Original number 773.Baird {in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Birds of North America, p. x,1860) stated that the type of Ammodromus samuelis is No. 7098, and prob-ably at that time attached to it a type label. Richmond, who normally seizedeagerly upon such a solution to the problem of selecting the type, here,strangely enough, goes off in the opposite direction, because "no. 5553 is thebird of the orig. descr., & is therefore the real type" (ms.). Since Baird'sdescription is his usual composite one, it would be difficult indeed to provethat either one or the other specimen is "the bird of the orig. descr." In fact,of course, the two listed above are equivalent cotypes!The name samuelis was probably used by Baird as euphonically preferableto the more proper samuelsi; unfortunately, as it stands it is not obviouslydedicated to Emanuel Samuels at all, but apparently to some imaginarySamuel.Melospiza gouldii Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: xl (in list), 477 (in key), 479, 1858.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 665
=Melospiza melodia gouldii Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. California Publ.Zool. 38: 312, 1932.8053. Adult? (sex not indicated). "California." Entered into themuseum register on Feb. 27, 1858. Received from John Gould.Grinnell {loc. cit.) has fixed the type locality of this form as "five mileswest of Inverness, toward Point Reyes, Marin County."Melospiza fasciata pusillula RidgwayAuk 16 (1) : 35, January 1899.=Melospiza melodia pusillula Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 313, 1932.105324. Adult male. "Salt marsh," Alameda County, California. Apr.18, 1885. Collected by W. Otto Emerson. Original number 552.Melospiza heermanni Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: xl (in list) , 477 (in key) , 478, 1858.
? Melospiza melodia heermanni Baird. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 314, 1932.6227. Adult male. "Tejon Valley"= (probably) the vicinity of FortTejon, Kern County, California. 1853. Collected by Adolphus L.Heermann. Pacific Railroad Survey, The California Line.Melospiza fasciata gramiiiea C. H, TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13: 139, Sept. 9, 1890.:=Melospiza melodia graminea Townsend. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 313, 1932.117634. Adult male. Santa Barbara Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. Feb. 13, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.Melospiza fasciata clenientae C. H. TownsendProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 13:139, Sept. 9, 1890.
=Melospiza melodia clementae Townsend. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 314, 1932.117620. Adult male. San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. Jan. 25, 1889. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Receivedfrom the U.S. Fish Commission.Melospiza fasciata cooperi RidgwayAuk 16(1): 35, January 1899.
=Melospiza melodia cooperi Ridgway. See Grinnell, Univ. CaliforniaPubl. Zool. 38: 313, 1932.31895 (not 51895). Adult (sex not indicated). San Diego, San DiegoCounty, California. Apr. 18, 1862. Collected by James G. Cooper.Original number 261 c. Geological Survey of California.Melospiza fasciata montana HenshawAuk 1 (3) : 224, July 1884.
=Melospiza melodia montana Henshaw. See Phillips, Auk 60: 246, 1943.
666 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22111222. Adult male. Fort Bridger, Uinta County, Wyoming (not Utah).June 18, 1858. Collected by Constantin Drexler. Original number650. South Pass Wagon Road Expedition.Zonotrichia fallax BairdProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7 (3) : 119, July 3, 1854.
=Melospiza melodia fallax (Baird) . See Phillips, Auk 60:245-247, 1943.10281. Adult (sex not indicated). "Camp 106"="Pueblo Creek"=Walnut Creek, north of Prescott, Yavapai County, Arizona. Jan. 22,1854. Collected by Caleb B. R. Kennerly. Pacific Railroad Survey,Line of the 35th Parallel.Melospiza goldmani NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 29, January 1899.=Melospiza melodia goldmani Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 607, 1938.159182. Adult male (not female) . Hacienda "El Salto," State of Durango,Mexico. July 17, 1898. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and EdwardA. Goldman. Original number 5662. Received from the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.Melospiza adusta NelsonAuk 16 (1) : 28, January 1899.=Melospiza melodia adusfa Nelson. See Hellmayr, Catalogue of birdsof the Americas 11 : 608, 1938.144046. Adult male. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico. July 27,1892. Collected by Edward W. Nelson and Edward A. Goldman. Orig-inal number 261. Received from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Melospiza melodia, var. niexicana Ridgwayin Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, History of North American birds 2: 18(footnote 5), January 1874.
=Melospiza melodia pectoralis von Miiller. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 608, 1933.60046. Adult (sex not indicated). State of Puebla, Mexico. January1866. Received from Adolphe Boucard.Melospiza melodia euphonia WetmoreSmithsonian Misc. Coll. 95 (17) : 1, Sept. 26, 1936.348887. Adult male. Cranberry Glades (elev. 3,300 feet), PocahontasCounty, West Virginia. June 8, 1936. Collected by Watson M. Perrygoand J. Carleton Lingebach. Original number 393.Melospiza melodia atlantica ToddAuk 41 (1) : 147, Jan. 10, 1924.294442. Adult male. Smith's Island, Northampton County, Virginia.May 25, 1898. Collected by William Palmer. Original number 4979.Received from William Palmer (of whose private collection it onceformed part)
.
TYPE SPECIMENS OF BIRDS 667Gemis CALCARIUS BechsteinCalcarius lapponicus coloratus RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 320, October 1898.89167. Adult male. Copper Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea offKamchatka. May 6, 1882. Collected by Leonhard H. Stejneger. Orig-inal number 1002.Calcarius lapponicus alascensis RidgwayAuk 15 (4) : 320, October 1898.118904. Adult male. Saint Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea.June 5, 1890. Collected by William Palmer. Original number 104.Plectrophanes melanomus Bairdin Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R.R. Pac.9: xxxviii (in list) , 431 (in key) , 436, 1858.
=Calcarius ornalus (Townsend). See Hellraayr, Catalogue of birds oftheAmericasll:642, 1938.6290. Adult male (in autumn plumage) . Fort Thorn, Dona Ana County,New Mexico. Entered into the museum register between April 13 andJune 3, 1857. Collected by T. Charlton Henry.6292. Adult male (in autumn plumage). New Mexico. 1854. Collectedby Adolphus L. Heermann. Pacific Railroad Survey, Line of the 32ndParallel, West.After an apparently composite diagnosis, Baird gives a set of measure-ments, followed by "(No. 6290)." As a result, No. 6290 has passed as thetype, despite the fact that its state of plumage agrees in hardly any particu-lar with Baird's description of the putative form! I suggest that "(No.6290)" has reference only to the measurements immediately preceding, andthat it might easily be a lapsus calami for No. 6292, of which the make-uppermits a more exact measurement of "length" than does that of No. 6290!All adults among the nine specimens listed by Baird on page 437 shouldno doubt be considered cotypes of melanomus. I have been able to findonly four of the original series, and of these Nos. 9116 (not 9115) and6293 are too young for serious consideration.Genus PLECTROPHENAX StejnegerP[Ieclrophenax]. nivalis townsendi RidgwayManual of North American birds, p. 403, September 1887.
=Plectrophenax nivalis toivnsendi Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogue ofbirds of the Americas 11 : 644, 1938.106695. Adult male. Otter Island, Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. June8, 1885. Collected by Charles H. Townsend. Original number 1046.Plectrophenax hyperboreus RidgwayProc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 7: 68, July 25, 1884.
=Plectrophenax nivalis hyperboreus Ridgway. See Hellmayr, Catalogueof birds of the Americas 11 : 645, 1938.
668 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 22178551. Adult male (on label, "$"). Saint Michael (on the southernshore of Norton Sound) , western Alaska. April 1879. Collected byEdward W. Nelson. Original number 1032.78556. Adult female. Saint Michael, western Alaska. April 1879. Col-lected by Edward W. Nelson. Original number 1033.92090. Adult male. Nushagak (a settlement on Nushagak Bay, just belowthe mouth of the Nushagak River) , southwestern Alaska. Dec. 10, 1882.Collected by Charles L. McKay. Original number 80.92091. Aduh female. Nushagak, southwestern Alaska. Nov. 16, 1882.Collected by Charles L. McKay. Original number 80.Each of these four was fully described as the type of a particular plumage,and each is distinctly so marked on its label.
Index
abacoensis, Dendroica, 539abaya, Cisticola, 446abayensis, Sylvietta, 445abboti, Erythropygia, 423abbotti, Butorides, 27Calyptophilus, 586Celebesia, 316Cinnyris, 497Conurus, 129Copsychus, 420Cyanecula, 418Dendrophassa, 102Dryolimnas, 75Edolisoma, 316Hirundo, 308Hypothymis, 468Hypurolepis, 308Ibis, 30Kakatoe, 124Kittacincla, 420Laniarius, 479Luscinia, 418Megapodius, 54Melanobucco, 208Microtarsus, 357Nectarinia, 497Nesoclites, 210Nyctibius, 159Phodilus, 139PiUa, 300Psittacula, 129Psittinus, 130Rougetius, 75Spilornis, 48Sula, 18Threskiornis, 30Trichastoma, 371Turtur, 116abditiva, Cataponera, 441aberti, Anas, 35abingdoni, Pyrocephalus, 273Abroscopus, 452drasticus, 452hugonis, 452abundus, Eurystomus, 201abyssinicus, Sporopipes, 556acadicus, Aegolius, 158Acanthidops, 626bairdi, 626Acanthopneusle ijimae, 451klossi, 451Accipiter, 40alricapilliis, 40gularis, 43javanicus, 42obsoletus, 41rufilatus, 42
Accipiter?Continuedrufitorques, 41sparsimfasciatus, 41velox, 42Venator, 42acedesta, Dendrocincla, 234aceletus, Astiir, 41acbrustera, Dendroica, 539acosmus. Troglodytes, 400Acredula magna, 347acrita, Syndactyla, 246acritus, Anabazenops, 246Acrocephaliis, 449alypba, 449, 450dybowskii, 449erema, 450kingi, 449percernis, 450rava, 450Acrochordopus, 262bunites, 262zeledoni, 262acrophiJa, Ochthoeca, 294acnim, Pellorneum, 368actia, Eremopbila, 305Oiocoris, 305Actidurus naevius, 90Actinodura, 382lewisi, 382vinctura, 382actiosus, Myiarchus, 280Actodromas bairdii, 89actopbilus, Butorides, 27acluosus, Basileuterus, 554acuminata, Aimophila, 643acuticaudus, Hylophilus, 519adelaidae, Dendroica, 538adeliae, Pygoscelis, 5adelphus, Dissemurus, 323adina, Dendrophassa, 103Treron, l03adoxa, Ardca, 24adspersa, Ortaiis, 55Penelope, 55adusta, Eremophila, 306Melospiza, 666Octocoris, 306Aechmophorus, 7occidentalis, 7Archmorhynchus, 84parvirostris, 85Aegialitis albidipectes, 83circumcinctus, 83niicrorhynchus, 83pamirensis, 84rufinufha, 84thoracicia, 84Acgiothus exilipes, 619fuscescens, 619
Aegithalos, 347magnus, 347Aegithina, 355damicra, 356horizoptera, 355micromelaena, 355nesiotica, 355thapsina, 355viridis, 356viridissima, 355zophoiiota, 356Aegolius, 158acadicus, 158brodkorbi, 158ridgwayi, 158aenea, Anthreptes, 491Glaucis, 175aencus, Glaucis, 175Quiscahis, 563aenigma, Collocalia, 168Elocincla, 371aequabilis, Caprimulgus, 165aequatorialis, Cisticola, 446Falco, 53Sittasoraus, 235aequicauda, Caprimulgus,164aequinoctialis, Geothlypis,545Aeronaut es, 174saxatilis, 174aerophila, Collocalia, 169Aesalon insignis, 51acthalea, Aethostoma, 371aetherodroma. Chaetura, 172Aethia, 100pygmaea. 100Aethopyga, 499angkanensis, 500anomala, 500bangsi, 500bonita, 499boltoni, 499cara, 500galenae, 500heliogona, 501heliophiletica, 501heliotis, 500koelzi, 500melanetra, 501ochropyrrlia, 501photina, 501siparaja, 500tinoptila, 500Aetliostoma aethalea, 371connectens, 371paganica, 370afer, Turtur, 118affabilis, Parus, 346669
670 INDEX
affine, Dicaem, 504affinis, Bonasa, 60Campylorhynclms, 389Cardinalis, 593Crithagra, 608Habia, 583Loxigilla, 613Oreocincla, 440Phoenicothraupis, 583Pyhrrulagra, 613Richmondena, 593Zoothera, 440aflavida, Columbigallina, 116agassizi, Cocornis, 605Conopoderas, 449Agclaius, 571arctolegus, 571bryanti, 574californicus, 571caurinus, 571fortis, 573grandis, 573gubernator, 573humeralis, 574littoralis, 573mearnsi, 573magapotamus, 573monensis, 574neutralis, 571nyaritensis, 573quisqueyensis, 574richmondi, 573sonoriensis, 572tricolor, 571Aglaeactis, 186caumatonotus, 186olivaceocauda, 186aglaeus, Quiscalus, 563agnus, Dryobates, 227agraphia, Anaeretes, 294Uromyias, 294Agriomis, 270leucura, 270poliosoma, 270Agyrtrina brabournii, 182Aidemosyne inornata, 560meridionalis, 560aikeni, Junco, 652Aimophila, 643acuminata, 643arizonae, 646australis, 645bachmani, 646botterii, 646carpalis, 644cassinii, 647discolor, 644fusca, 645goldmani, 646illinoensis, 645pallida, 644petenica, 647sartorii. 647sororia, 645sumichrasti, 644texana, 646aithalode8, Contopus, 282
Aix brunnescens, 36alai, Fulica, 80alamoensis, Thryothorus, 391alascanus, Falco, 50Haliaeetus, 47Haliaetus, 47alascensis, Budytes, 473Calcarius, 667Empidonax, 284Picoides, 230Pinicola, 617Troglodytes, 403Alauda, 300blakistoni, 300minor, 307pekinensis, 300rufa, 305spragueii, 474alaudinus, Passerculus, 639Phrygilus, 626alba, Pterodroma, 12albatus, Anser, 32albemarlei, Geospiza, 602alberticola, Geothlypis, 543albescens, Parus, 341, 344albicauda, Caprimulgus, 16!Lybius, 208Stenopsis, 164albicilla, Haliaeetus, 46albicollis, Dendroica, 532Xiphocolaptes, 236albicrissus, Thamnophilus,250albidior, Picoides, 229albidipectes, Aegialitis, 83albidus, Calopezus, 5albifrons, Catherpes, 408, 209Certhia, 409Dacelo, 195Eopsaltria, 472Phapitreron, 104Sterna, 95albigula, Cranioleuca, 244Euspiza, 602Pipilo, 637albigularis, Laterallus, 78Rhinomyias, 462albilinea, Columba, 111Diglossa, 521Iridoprocne, 313albilora, Dendroica, 537Synallaxis, 243albinucha, Dolichonyx, 576albior, Cyanolyca, 334albipennis, Larus, 93albiventris, Cyclorhis, 480Hadrostomus, 266Margarops, 417Myiagra, 469Platypsaris, 266Platyrhynchus, 469albociliatus, Phalacrocorax,20albogularis, Phalcoboenus,48Prinia, 448
Alcedo, 192callima ,192meninting, 192proxima, 192subviridis, 192Alcippe, 383brunneicauda, 384comrnoda, 384eremitta, 383eriphaea, 384hypocneca, 384manipurensis, 383morrisonia, 384Alcippornis epipolia, 384eriphaea, 384aldabrana, Foudia, 557aldabranus, Dicrurus, 320Dryolimnas, 75Rougetius, 75aldalirensis, Caprimulgus,165Cinnyris, 497Nectarinia, 497Zosterops, 509aleutica, Sterna, 96alfari, Porzana, 78alfaroana, Habia, 583Phoenicothraupis, 583algistus, Asio, 146aliciae, Turdus, 432aliciae, Amazilia, 182alincius, Heliothrix, 188alipodis, Aplonis, 484Lamprocorax, 484alius, Pogoniulus, 208Pomatorhinus, 373alleni, Buteo, 45Erismatura, 38Lagopus, 57Pipilo, 635Strix, 156Allenia,417fusca, 417almae, Hylocichla, 432alpina, Eremophila, 304Otocoris, 304alta, Limnothlypis, 525alticola, Certhia, 353Junco, 650Otus, 145Sturnella, 575Zenaida, 115alticolus, Heleodytes, 388altirostris, Aplonis, 483, 484altivagans, Passerella, 659altus, Thryomanes, 397amaka, Melospiza, 662amaura, Speotyto, 154amaurocephalus, Leptopo-gon, 298amauronotus, Vireo, 518Araaurornis, 79cleptea, 79javanica, 79amaurosoma, Nectris, 10
INDEX 671Amazilia, 182aliciae, 182chalconota, 183collata, 183corallirostris, 183distans, 182graysoni, 183ludibunda, 182saturata, 183versicolor, 182whitelyi, 182xantusii, 180Amazon arausiaca, 127Amazona, 127gracilipes, 127oratrix, 127saltuensis, 127tresmariae, 127amechana, Collocalia, 163amelis, Collocalia, 168Hypothymis, 468americana, Fulica, 81Parula, 528americaiius, Corvus, 328amerimnus, Asio, 148amitinus, Manacus, 269Amniodramus, 640bairdii, 641becki, 641bimaculatus, 640brunnescens, 639fisheri, 641floridanus, 640obscurus, 640perpallidus, 640Aminodromus nigrescens,642samuelis, 664ammopliila, Oiocoris, 306Ammospiza, 641fisheri, 641macfzillivraii, 642mirabilis, 643nelsoni, 641nigrescens, 642pelonota, 642ampala, Chotorea, 206amphiala, Culicicapa, 46]amphii^ta, Sauropatis, 196Amphispiza, 647cinerea, 648clementeae, 648confinis, 647deserticola, 647grisea, 648nevadensis, 648opuntia, 647pacifica, 647amplonotata, Ciccaba, 155amplus, Carpodacus, 610amurensis, Olbiorchilus, 402Tetrastes, 59Amydrus dubius, 481aniydrus, Artamiis, 476Anabacerthia, 246montana, 246
Anabates montanus, 246ochrolaemus, 248nnabatinus, Thamnistes, 251Vnabazenops acritus, 246lineatus, 246Vnadaenus ruficauda, 136Anaeretes agraphia, 294Vnaiinos opistatus, 504inalis, Iridosornis, 578Tanagra, 578anambae, Anthreptes, 489
'.namesus, Capriniulgus, 165Vnas, 35aberti, 35fulvigula, 35nimia, 36obscura, 35orinoma, 35orphna, 35percna, 35rogersi, 35wyvilliana, 35
.ndamanica, Osmotreron,102ndicolus, Bubo, 147
. ndina, Lichenops, 272
'.ndinus, Lichenops, 272andromedae, Zoothera, 440Vndropadus fricki, 362kitungensis, 362mgelorum, Ploceus, 557mgkanensis, Aethopyga, 500
.nguste, Dinopium, 214ingustifrons, Melanerpes,217mgustipluma, Chaetoptila,486Entomiza, 486mgustum, Dinopium, 214Vnhinga, 23minima, 23innamensis, Harpactes, 191Picus, 214Pyrotrogon, 191mneae, Euphonia, 577innectens, Cyanocitta, 338,339Cyanura, 338Junco, 652Passerella, 660nochra, Hemiprocne, 175momala, Aethopyga, 500iionyma, Oena, 118Vnorthura helleri, 404meligera, 403pallescens, 402Anous, 98frater, 98pileatus, 98\nser albatns, 32haiiaiensis, 34rossii, 32mtarctica, Geositta, 241Priocella, 10Sterna, 94
.-ntelia, Arachnothera, 501Cyomis, 465
\nthipes euroa, 463anthonyi, Ardea, 25Butorides, 25Heleodytes, 389Lanius, 477nthracina, Pipra, 268Anthracoceros, 202convexus, 202marchei, 202Anthracothorax, 177pinchoti, 177prevostii, 177Anthreptes, 488aenea, 491anambae, 489Anthreptes baweana, 490baweanus, 490Vnlhreptes bornensis, 490cagayanensis, 491elachior, 492erixantha, 489Anthreptes erixanthus, 489euthapsinus, 488garguensis, 492heliocala, 491heliocalus, 491heliolusia, 491heliolusius, 491idia, 488idius, 488internota, 492internotus, 492malacensis, 489, 490mariae, 493nesaeus, 489panopsia, 492paraguae, 490pelloptilus, 489pollostus, 489simplex, 488, 439simplicior, 489stellae, 492uraguess, 492Anthus, 473geophilus, 473gustavi, 473spragueii, 474stejnegeri, 473iutillarum, Brachyspiza, 659Zonotrichia, 659\ntiornis grahami, 443untioxantha, Culicicapa, 460intipodes. Megadyptes, 6antiproctum, Dicaeum, 505antoniae, Carpodectes, 262Antrostomus chiapensis, 163goldmani, 163oaxacae, 163ridgwayi, 163rufomaculatus, 164Anuropsis docima, 370driophila, 370Apalis, 444thescela, 444;i.pega, Cyanoderma, 377apertus, Atlapetes, 628aphanes, Chaetura, 172
672 INDEX
aphanta, Dendrocincla, 233Aphelocoma, 335arizonae, 337coelestis, 338coliniae, 338couchii, 337cyanotis, 336grisea, 336guerrerensis, 338hypoleuca, 335insularis, 335potosina, 337sumichrasti, 337texana, 336woodhouseii, 335aphobus, Serilophus, 232aphrasta, Eremophila, 307Otocoris, 307Aphriza, 87virgata, 87Aplonis, 482alipodis, 484altirostris, 483, 434artifuscus, 482brevirostris, 483eustathis, 483heterochlorus, 484montosus, 485pachistorhinus, 484richmondi, 484strigatus, 483tabuensis, 482todayensis, 484apoensis, Hyloterpe, 471Pachycephala, 471Apoia, 511Apoia malindangensis, 511apothetus, Picolaptes, 240appalachiensis, Sphyrapicus,221approximans, Circus, 47Vireo, 513Aptenodytes flavilarvata, 6longicaiida, 5Apus, 174kuntzi, 174aquilonaris. Troglodytes, 404Ara, 124mexicana, 124Arachnechthra klossi, 495Arachnotliera, 501antelia, 501astilpna, 502atita, 502caena, 503chrysogenys, 502, 503copha, 503exochra, 502harrissoni, 503heliocrita, 502heliophilus, 503hypochra, 502isopega, 503melanchima, 502modesta, 503musarum, 504pagodarum, 504
Arachnothera?Continuedpars, 503pleoxantha, 503remota, 504zarhina, 501Aramides, 76morrisoni, 76plumbeicollis, 76Aratinga, 124brevipes, 124mitrata, 124strenua, 124arausiaca, Amazon, 127Arborophila, 71diversa, 71arcaei, Calospiza, 578arcanus, Phylloscopus, 450Rhynchotus, 4Spodiornis, 626Archilochus, 188colubris, 188archipelagica, Mixornis, 377archipelagicus, Macronous,377arctica, Nyctea, 148arcticola, Eremophila, 301Octocoris, 301arcticus. Pious, 230arctolegus, Agelaius, 571arctus, Pycnoaotus, 360Ardea, 24adoxa, 24anthonyi, 25bahamensis, 26hyperonca, 24jouyi, 24occidentalis, 25oligista, 24patruelis, 28restirostris, 24treganzai, 24wardi, 24wiirdemannii, 24ardens, Harpactes, 190Promerops, 488ardescens, Corydon, 233Ardetta luteola, 30arenicola, Otocorys, 302arestus, Ramphocelus, 580argalea, Eremophila, 301Otocoris, 301argentifrons, Scytalopus, 261argentigula, Cyanocitta, 334Cyanolyca, 334argentinus, Enipidonax, 288Pitangus, 277Xiphocolaptes, 236argoptilus, Icterus, 566arhadius, Muscadivores, 108ariborius, Thryomanes, 397aridus, Colinus, 65arignota, Ramphalcyon, 193aripolius, Pipilo, 636arismicra, Dendrophassa,102arixuthns, Phodilus, 139
arizela, Campethera, 211Geothlypis, 543arizelus, Dendromus, 211arizonae, Aimophila, 646Aphelocoma, 337Chrysomitris, 622Cyanocitta, 337Peucaea, 646Spizella, 653Vireo, 515arizonicola, Geothlypis, 543armenus, Pomatorhynchus,478Arquatella couesi, 89Arremon, 629callistus, 629fratruelis, 629frontalis, 628polionotus, 629ruiidorsalis, 629saturatus, 629Arremonops, 629chiapensis, 630conirostris, 631crassirostris, 629richmondi, 630sinaloae, 629venezuelensis, 631verticalis, 630viridicata, 631Artamides calopolius, 316halistephis, 315messeris, 315nesiarchus, 315Artamus, 476amydrus, 476leucorynchos, 476macroterus, 476superciliosus, 476artifuscus, Aplonis, 432asema, Siphia, 463asiatica, Branta, 33Asio, 157algistus, 146amerimnus, 148icelus, 147lagophonus, 146melancerus, 147mesembrinus, 147noctipetens, 157pallidicaudus, 158portoricensis, 158robustus, 157assimile, Dicaeum, 507assimilis, Callothorus, 562Dicaeum, 507Pipromorpha, 299Tangavius, 562Aster bifascialus, 43rufitorques, 41Asthenes, 244urubambensis, 244astilpna, Arachnothera, 502Astragalinus hesperophilus,622jouyi, 623astrologus, Ixobryclius, 30
INDEX 673Astiir aceletus, 41henshawi, 40obsoletus, 41striatulus, 40atactus, Dicrurus, 320Ateleodacnis, 525margaritae, 525Athene, 153niayri. 153patagonica, 154ultra, 153whitneyi, 151atimastus, Sirystcs, 274atita, Arachnothera, 502atkhensis, Lagopus, 59atlantica, Melospiza, 666Atlapetes, 627apertus, 628brunnei-nucha, 628canigenis, 627dilutus, 627elaeoprorus, 627fumidiis, 627inornatus. 628rufi-nucha, 627atra, Chalcomitra, 493atrata, Certhiola, 523Coereba, 523Leucosticte, 618atratus, Pipilo, 633atricapilla, Vireo, 511atricapillus, Accipiter, 40Orchilus, 292Otus, 146Perispotriccus, 292atriceps, Chlorospingus, 509Pycnonotus, 357Spermophila, 614atrifusca, Lamprotornis, 482atrimentalis, Struthus, 656atrocaudata, Terpsiphone,470atrogularis, Orthotomus, 453Platycercus, 129Prosopeia, 129atronitens, Volatinia, 616Atthis, 189ellioti, 189heloisa, 189morcomi, 189Atticora montana, 312Attila, 263cinnaniomeus, 263citreopygus, 263, 264cozumelae, 263luteola, 263mexicanus, 263pacificus, 263salvini, 263spadiceus, 264tephrocephala, 264viridescens, 264attwateri, Tympanuchus, 61atypha, Acrocephalus, 449,450Conopoderas, 449
aucklandica, Coenocorypha,88audax, Praedo, 290Troglodytes, 400auduboni, Dendioica, 535Emberiza, 602Hylocichla, 431Phoebetria, 9Sylvia, 535Turdus, 431audubonii, Icterus, 568Polyborus, 48Aulacorhamphus cognatus,208dimidiatus, 209Aulacorhynchus, 208cognatus, 208dimidiatus, 209virescens, 208aurantiaca, Setophaga, 549aurantiacus, Myioborus, 549Peucedramus, 531aurantiigula, Macronyx, 475aurantiventris, Mitrephorus,290aureinucha, Dacnis, 521auricapilla, Dendroica, 532auricularis, PuflSnus, 11aurigularis, Trochilus, 188Auripanis, 348flaviceps, 348lamprocephalus, 348aurita, Sporophila, 614aurorae, Carpophaga, 107Ducula, 107aurosus, Chloronerpes, 211Piculus, 211austerum, Glaucidinm, 150austini, Pulsatrix, 148austinsmithi, Oporornis, 542australis, Aimophila, 645Peucasa, 645Sialia, 426Tinnunculus, 53austrina, Columba, 111Automolus, 247guerrerensis, 247hypophaeus, 247lammi, 247pectoralis, 247rufescens, 247Aviceda, 39wolfei, 39axantha, Chamaepelia, 117Cinnyris, 494Nectarinia, 494axanthizus, Pycnonotus, 361axillaris, Chlorospingus, 585Empidonax, 289Tachyphonus, 585Aythya, 36nearctica, 36azaleus, Meiglyptes, 215azela, Sauropatis, 196azelus, Dendrocopos, 228Dryobates, 228azteca, Cyanocitta, 340
aztecus, Troglodytes, 399azurea, Calocitta, 333Sialia, 424Bbabiensis, Coracina, 316Graucalus, 316Muscadivores, 109bachmani, Aimophila, 646Fringilla, 646bachmanii, Sylvia, 526Vermivora, 526badeigularis, Spelaeornis.375badius, Garrulax, 380Phodilus, 139Baeolophus murinus, 346paloduro, 345restrictus, 346sennetti, 345baeus, Orthotomus, 453bahamensis, Ardea, 26Butorides, 26Loxigilla, 613Mimus, 414Trochilus, 188bahiae, Pipra, 269baicalensis, Sitta, 350bairdi, Acanthidops, 626Geothlypis, 546J unco, 649Loxops, 521Melanerpes, 217Oreomyza, 520Polioptila, 456Sialia, 425Vireo, 511bairdii, Actodromas, 89Ammodramus, 641Campephilus, 231Certhiola, 522Emberiza, 641Erolia, 89Sterna, 95Trogon, 189balicassius, Dicrurus, 321hallux, Myioborus, 550balteatus, Campylorhynchus.387balukensis, Megapodius, 54bangsi, Aethopyga, 500Henicorhina, 405Bangsia, 579caeruleigularis, 579bangueyensis, Ptilinopus,107banjakensis, Stachyris, 376bankana, Erythrocichla, 371barbadense, Vireosylvia, 517barbadensis, Certhiola, 524Coereba, 524Dendroeca, 533Vireo, 517barbata Carduelis, 621barnstonii, Bernicla, 33
674 INDEXbarroti, Heliothryx, 188baiTovianus, Larus, 93barrovii, Clangula, 37bartholemica, Coereba, 523bartschi, Collocalia, 168barussarum, Surniculus, 133barussensis, llydrocissa, 202basilanica, Hyloterpe, 472Pachycephala, 472Basileuterus, 551actuosus, 554belli, 553brasherii, 552caius, 552castaneiceps, 554caudatus, 553clarus, 553dugesi, 554eximius, 552flaveolus, 551flavescens, 552flavigaster, 554flaviventris, 554ignotus, 553jouyi, 553leucoblepharus, 552melanogenys, 552melanotis, 552pallidulus, 554salvini, 554scitulus, 553subobscurus, 553superciliaris, 551basultoi, Thryorchilus, 405batanensis, Hypsipetes, 366Batrachostomus. 159menagei, 159batuense, Dicaeum, 507batuensis, Macronus, 379baweana, Anthreptes, 490Gracula, 485Malacocincla, 372Strix, 155baweanum, Tricbastoma. 372baweaniis, Anthreptes, 490Pycnonotus, 357Spilornis, 47beani. Troglodytes, 399beattyi, Oreopeleia, 121beckhami, Pyrrhuloxia, 598becki, Ammodramus, 641bei, Eremophila, 301beldingi, Charadrius, 84Geothlypis, 544PagoUa, 84Passerculus, 639Rallus, 73bella, Goethalsia, 181Zenaidura, 113belli, Basileutenis, 553Muscicapa, 553bellii, Vireo, 515bellulus, Margarornis, 214Belonopterus, 82chilensis, 82
bendirei, Harporhynchus,412Lo.xia, 624Toxostoma, 412benedict!, Spindalis, 580bennetti. Halcyon, 196bensoni, Callipepla, 64Lophortyx, 64bergensis. Troglodytes, 401berlandieri, Thriothorus, 391berlepschi, Myrmeciza, 256Pipra, 268Pseudotriccus, 293Berlepschia, 245rikeri, 245Bernicla barnstonii, 33occidentalis, 33bessophilus, Cyanolaemus,185bicknelli, Hylocichla, 433bicolor, Ducula, 110Fringilla, 637Parus, 345Prionochilus, 505Tricbastoma, 371bifasciatus. Aster, 43Caprimulgus. 164bilineata, Polioptila, 456bimaculatus, Ammodramus,640Caprimulgus, 165binghami, Oreomanes, 525bipartita, Eumomota, 200bipartitus, Eumomota, 200bishopi, Catharopeza, 541Leucopeza, 541Blacicus brunneicapillus.283flaviventris, 288tacitus, 283blakei, Centurus, 220Melanerpes, 220blakistoni, Alauda, 300blicki, Cinnyris, 497Nectarinia, 497bodessa, Cisticola, 445Boissonneaua, 186tinochlora, 186boissonneautii, Pseudocolap-tes, 245Bolborhyrchus, 125maculatus, 125boliviana, Pulsatrix, 1^8boltoni, Aethopyga, 499bonapartii, Leptotila, 120Bonasa, 60aflinis, 60castanea, 60castaneus, 60incana, 60incanus, 60phaia, 60phaios, 60bondi, Dicrurus, 320Turdus, 439bonensis, Hylocitrea, 472
bonita, Aethopyga, 499borea, Cisticola, 446borealis, Colaptes, 211Cypselus, 173Nephoecetes, 173boreophila, Spizella, 652bornensis, Anthreptes, 499botterii, Aimophila, 646boucardi, Granatellus, 548bowmani, Phlegopsis, 258Phlogopsis, 258brabournii, Agyrtrina, 182bracei, Chlorostilbon, 179Sporadinus, 179brachyptera, Speotyto, 154brachypterus, Quiscalus, 564Brachypteryx, 418carolinae, 418malindangensis, 418mindanensis, 418Brachyramphus, 100hypoleucus, 100brachyrhynchos, Corvus, 328brachyrhynchus, Larus, 92Brachyspiza antillarura, 659choraules, 659insularis, 659mellea, 659brachytarsus, Contopus, 282brachyurus, Idiopsar, 625Myiarchus, 278Bradypterus, 443fraterculus, 443idoneus, 443malindangensis, 443unicolor, 443brandti, Eremophila, 301branickii, Leptosittaca, 125bransfieldensis, Phalacro-corax, 23Branta, 33asiatica, 33minima, 33mofEtti, 33occidentalis, 33parvipes, 33brasherii, Basileuterus, 552brasierii, Muscicapa, 552brasiliana, Nectarinia, 493brevicauda, Lepturus, 274Muscigralla, 274Thryomanes, 398brevipennis, Campylorhyn-chus, 388Pachysylvia, 520brevipes, Aratinga, 124Conurus, 124Platycichla, 428Pterodroma, 13brevirostris, Aplonis, 483Cactornis, 603Delattria, 185Geositta, 241Lampornis, 185Lamprotornis, 483Larus, 94
INDEX 675brevirostris?ContinuedPhalacrocorax, 23Rhynchocyclus, 291Rissa, 94brevis, Grallaricula, 259breweri, Spizella, 654brewsteri, Centurus, 218Empidonax, 284Melanerpes, 218Otus, 141Sula, 20brittanica, Certhia, 351brodkorbi, Aegolius, 158Brotogeris, 126tenuifro;is, 126browni. Sterna, 97brunneicapillus, Blacicus,283Contopus, 283brunneicauda, Alcippe, 384brunneiceps, Phabotreron,104Phapitreron, 104brunneigularis, Estrilda, 558Uraeginthus, 558brunnescens, Aix, 36Animodramus, 639Buteo, 45Lophoityx, 63Passerculus, 639brunneus, Chlorospingus,585Empidonax, 288Pycnonotus, 351Thryothorus, 393bryantae, Dorirha, 188Philodice, 188bryanti, Agelaius, 574Dendroica, 534Euetheia, 602Passerculus, 639Tiaris, 602bryantii, Chrysomitris, 621Buarremon crassirostris, 628elaeoprorus, 627inornatus, 628nielanops, 627Bubo, 146andicolus, 147lagophonus, 146mayensis, 147pacificus, 147pallescens, 147saturatus, 146tenuipes, 147Bucco rubritorquis, 207Bucephala, 37island ica, 37Buceros, 202mindanensis, 202obscurus, 202Buchanga aldabrana, 320Budytes alascensis, 473Bulweria, 13bulwerii, 13bulw erii, Bulweria, 13
bungurensis, Coracina, 316bunites, Acrochordopus, 262burleighi, Thryothorus, 391Burncsia dysancrita, 448halistona, 448Butalis pallens, 463Buteo, 43alleni, 45brunnescens, 45calurus, 43cooperi, 44costaricensis, 44exsul, 43fumosus, 44griseocauda, 45insulicola, 45lucasanus, 43magnirostris, 45montanus, 44socorroensis, 44xantusi, 45Buthraupis caeruleigularJs,579Butorides, 25abbotti, 27actophilus, 27anthonyi, 25bahamensis, 26carcinophilus, 28carcinophonus, 28christophorensis, 25cubanus, 26eremonomus, 25grenadensis, 27hypernotius, 25icastopterus, 27lucianus, 26niaculatus, 26margaritophilus, 27mesatus, 27robinsoni, 27saturatus, 25virescens, 25Butreron messopora, 101panochra, 101passorhina, 101biittikoferi, Dryocopus, 216Thriponax, 216buturlini, Phasianus, 71
caboti, Passerculus, 661Gacomantis, 133sinius, 133subpallidus, 133threnodes, 133cactopliilus, Dendrocopos226Dryobates, 226Cr.ctornis brevirostris, 603hypoleuca, 605Cactospiza, 605caecilli, Pycnonotus, 358caecus, Otus, 140caena, Arachnothera, 503
caerulea, Polioptila, 454caeruleigularis, Bangsia, 579Butluaupis, 579caerulescens, Thamnophilus,251Turacus, 131caesiogaster, Polioptila, 454caesitia, Thraupis, 579cafer, Colaptes, 210cagayanensis, Antlireptes,491Chibla, 322Orthotomus, 454cala, Psittacula, 129Calamospiza, 637melanocorys, 637Calcarius, 667alascensis, 667coloratus, 667omatus, 667calceuticus, Meiglyptes, 215calcicola, Napothera, 374calcostetha, Nectarinia, 494californica, Uria, 99californicola, Geothlypis,543californicus, Agelaius, 571Carpodacus, 608Catarractes, 99Icterus, 567Lophortyx, 63Pelecanus, 17Phalaenoptilus, 162Podiceps, 6Psaltriparus, 348caliginis, Nyctanassa, 29caliginosus, Parus, 343Callichelidon, 313cyaneoviridis, 313callima, Alcedo, 192Callipepla bensoni, 64fulvipectus, 64vallicola, 63Calliste versicolor, 578callistus, Arremon, 629Callolophus perlutus, 214Callothorus assimilis, 562calocara, Hypothymis, 467calocephala, Cyornis, 466calochrysea, Culicicapa, 460Calocitta, 333azurea, 333Calopezus albidus, 5calophonus, Thryomanes,397calopolius, Artamides, 316ralopterus, Mecocerculus,294Calospiza arcaei, 578calurus, Buteo, 43calus, Basileuterus, 552Conurus, 129Calyptomena, 232gloriosa, 232Calyptophilus, 586abbotti, 586
676 INDEXCamarhynchus, 604leucopterus, 615pauper, 604psittacula, 604rostratus, 604salvini, 605townsendi, 604cambodianum, Dicaeum, 508Campephaga, compta, 317Campephilus, 231bairdii, 231campestris, Empidonax, 284Leiicosticte, 618Pedioecetes, 61Campethera, 211arizela, 211Camptostoma, 297flaviventre, 297napaeum, 297orphnum, 297Campylopterus, 177exccUens, 177Campylorhamphus, 241major, 241Campylorhynchus, 387affinis, 389balteatus, 387brevipennis, 388castaneus, 389couesi, 389gularis, 390guttatus, 389humilis, 388jocosus, 390megalopterus, 388nigricaudatus, 388pallescens, 387zonatus, 388camtschatica, Pica, 329cana, Heterophasia, 385Sibia, 385Spizella, 655Canace fuliginosa, 56canadatus, Mimus, 414canadensis, Grus, 72canaster, Pipilo, 634, 635Cancroma zeledoni, 30cancrominus, Platyrhynchus,291Platyrinchus, 291Candida, Mirafra, 300Procellaria, 13canesccns, Ixos, 367canescens, Hypsipetes, 367caniceps, Junco, 648, 652Megarynchus, 275Struthus, 648canigenis, Atlapetes, 627canigularis, Sclerurus, 248caninucha, Geothlypis, 547canivirens, Seiurus, 541canobrunneus, Thryothorus,396Capella, 88stenura, 88capensis, Oena, 118
capistrata, Muscisaxicola,270capitalis, Hedymeles, 599Henicorhina, 405Leptotila, 119Perisoreus, 332Capito, 205glaucogularis, 205pirrensis, 205transilens, 205Caprimulgus, 162aequabilis, 165aequicauda, 164albicauda, 164aldabrensis, 165anamesus, 165bifasciatus, 164bimaculatus, 165chiapensis, 163concretus, 166conterminus, 164decussatus, 164insularis, 164johnsoni, 165leopetes, 165mesophanis, 166mindanensis, 166mirificus, 166noctivigulus, 162oaxacae, 163ocellatus, 162propinquus, 166ridgwayi, 163salvini, 163saturatus, 164Capsiempis, 293cerula, 293semiflava, 293cara, Aethopyga, 500Carbo flavagula, 23floridanus, 21fucosus, 22purpuragula, 21carcinophilus, Butorides, 28carcinophonus, Butorides, 28Cardellina, 548rubrifrons, 548versicolor, 551Cardinalis affinis, 593coccineus, 595floridanus, 593igneus, 593littoralis, 596maiiae, 595robinsoni, 597saturatus, 597sinaloensis, 595superbus, 593yucatanicus, 596Carduelis, 619barbata, 621colombiana, 623dominicensis, 623exilipes, 619fuscescens, 619hesperophila, 622jouyi, 623
Carduelis?Continuedperuana, 620psaltria, 622salicamans, 621siemiradzkii, 620stanleyi, 621vagans, 620xanthogastra, 621yarrellii, 620caribaea, Fulica, 81caribaeus, Rallus, 74caribboeus, Turdus, 439carlcttae, Cyanocitta, 338carmani, Pipilo, 634carminae, Corapipo, 269carmioli, Chlorothraupis,582Phoenicothraupis, 582Vireo, 514carnioli, Chalybura, 184carnivorus, Corvus, 327carolensis, Pyrocephalus, 272carolinae, Brachypteryx, 418carolinensis, Parus, 342carpalis, Aimophila, 644Peucaea, 644carpenteri, Centropus, 137Carpodacus, 608amplus, 610californicus, 608cassinii, 609centralis, 612dementis, 610coccineus, 612grebnitskii, 608nesophilus, 608ruberrimus, 610rubidus, 608sonoriensis, 611sordidus, 610vinifer, 609Carpodectes, 262antoniae, 262Carpophaga aurorae, 107casta, 110latrans, 110pickeringii, 109vanwvckii, 109wilke'sii, 103carrikeri, Dubusia, 579Geotrygon, 121Oreopeleia, 121carychrous. Troglodytes, 400Caryothraustes, 592scapularis, 592simulans, 592Casmerodius, 28egretta, 28Cassidix, 565nelsoni, 565cassini, Gymnostinops, 562Myrmeciza, 255Myrmelastes, 255Otus, 144Pyrrhula, 607Scops, 144Simorhynchus, 100
INDEX 677
ca&sinii, Aimophila, 647Carpodacus, 609Phaethornis, 176Pyrrhula, 607Sterna, 94Vireo, 516Zonotrichia, 647casta, Carpophaga, 110castanea, Bonasa, 60castaneiceps, Basileuterus,554Columba, 112Dendroica, 535castaneocauda, Hcliopaedica,181castaneotinctus, Lipaugus,265castaneus, Bonasa, 60Campylorhynchus, 389castanonotus, Thryophilus,393Thryothorus, 393castanoptera, Dendrocincla.234Cataponera, 441abditiva, 441Catarractes californicus, 99Catharopeza, 541bishopi, 541Cathartes, 38teter, 38urubutinga, 39Catherpes, 408albifrons, 408, 209conspersus, 408Catherpes griseus, 408meliphonus, 408mexicanus, 408polioptilus, 408sumichrasti, 409cathoecus, Dicrurus, 320Catharus, 429clarus, 430fulvescens, 430fumosus, 429fuscater, 430Catharus maculatus, 429mexicanus, 429mirabilis, 430Catharus olivasrens, 430oniiltemensis, 430opertaneus, 430smithi, 429Catoptrophorus, 86longicaudis, 86semipalmatns, 86caucensis, Haplophaedia, 187caudatus, Basileuterus, 553caumatonotus, Aglaeactis,186caurina, Certhia, 352Melospiza, 663Strix, 156Zenaidura, 113caurinura, Syrnium, 156caurinus, Agelaius, 571Corvus, 329
caurus, Pedioecetes, 60cantor, Turdus, 440cearensis, Cyclarhis, 480Cyclorhis, 480cecilii, Veniliornis, 221celada, Sauropatis, 197celadinus, Miilleripicus, 216celaenephis, Micropternus,213celaenops, Turdus, 437celaenus, Dicrurus, 321celata, Vermivora, 527celatus, Pomatorhinus, 373cclebensis, Megalurus, 444Scolopax, 89Celebesia abbotti, 316Celeus, 211diversus, 211mentalis, 212celsa, Rhipidura, 459centrailis, Carpodacus, 612centralis, Chlorocichla, 363Ciccaba, 155Enodes, 486Estrilda, 559Ninox, 152PhyUoscopus, 451Rhamphococcyx, 136Centrocercus, 62phaios, 62Centronyx ochrocephalus,641centrophilus, Dendrocopos,227Dryobates, 227Centropus, 137carpenteri, 137chamnonsri, 137insularis, 137melanops, 137rigrifrons, 137Centurus blakei, 220brewsteri, 218flavinuchus, 220leei, 219nyeanus, 220pauper, 219pygmaeus, 220subfusculus, 220uropygialis, 218Cephalophoneus suluensis,478Cepphus, 99snowi, 99cerceris, Gallinula, 80Cerchneis loquacula, 52microbalia, 52pcrpallida, 52rerdaleus, Laterallus, 78Cerorhina suckleyi, 100Cerorhinca, 100monocerata, 100Certhia albifrons, 409alticola, 353brittanica, 351caurina, 352infima, 353
Certhia?Continuedmcxicana, 353montana, 352nigrescens, 353nubigena, 353occidentalis, 351zelotes, 352certhia, Lepasthenura, 242Certhidea, 605cinerascens, 605Certhiola atrata, 523bairdii, 522barbadensis, 524finschi, 523frontalis, 523portoricensis, 522saccharina, 524sancti-thomae, 522sundcvalli, 523tricolor, 522cerula, Capsiempis, 293cei-viniventris, Leptotila, 120Ceryle, 191isthmica, 191stictipennis, 191stictoptera, 192Cettia, 443davidiana, 443ceylonensis, Culicicapa, 460,461Ceyx, 192enopopygius, 192erithacus, 192macrocarus, 193Chaemepelia navassae, 117parvula, 118Chaetoptila, 486angustipluma, 486Chaetura, 172aetherodroma, 172aphanes, 172dominicana, 173griseifrons, 173lawrencei, 172martinica, 173richmondi, 172similis, 172chalcauchenia, Leptoptila,120Chalcomitra atra, 493chalconota, Amazilia, 183Chalcoparia koratensis, 491panopsia, 492Chalcopelia intensa, 118kilimensis, 118media, 118chalcospilos, Turtur, 118Chalcostetha halitypa, 495heliomarpta, 494pagicola, 494proxima, 495Chalcostigma, 187olivaceum, 187chalepa, Perissolalage, 317chalybea, Progne, 314
678 INDEXChalybura, 184carnioli, 184melanorrhoa, 184Chamaea fasciata, 354henshawi, 354phaea, 354rufula, 354Chamaepelia axanlha, 117pallescens, 117Chamaethlypis ponlilis, 547Chamaeza, 257fulvescens, 257olivacea, 257chamberlaini, Lagopus. 58chamnongi, Centropus, 137changanrwensis, Cyanomilra.492Euplectes, 557Nectarinia, 492Pyromelana, 557changensis, Myophonus, 442chapalensis, Geothlypis, 545chapmani, Crax, 54Pulsatrix, 148Sicalis, 625Charadrius, 83beldingi, 84cinnamominus, 84circumcinctus, 83curonicus, 83nihonensis, 83pamirensis, 84tenellus, 83thoracicus, 84vanelloides, 82wilsonia, 84winterfeldti, 87charienturus, Thryomane?.397chaseni, Harpactes, 191Chasiempis, 460dolei, 460sclateri, 460Chaulelasmus, 36couesi, 36Chen, 32hyperborea, 32rossii, 32cherriei, Cypseloides, 173chersonesites, Cyornis, 465chersonesophila, Mixornis.377chersonesophilus, Macron-ous, 377chiapensis, Antrostomus, 163Arremonops, 630Caprimulgus, 163Dactylortyx, 67Guiraca, 600Chibia cagayanensis, 322menagei, 322chilensis, Belonopterus, 82Troglodytes, 400chinensis, Riparia, 311Chionophilos dwighti, 306chionura, Elvira, 184
chiriquensis, Coliiniba, 112Elainea, 295Geotrygon, 122Oenoenas, 112Vireo,518cliiroplethis, Pycnonotuschloeodis, Pycnonotus, 361Chloraenas exigua. 111Chlorestes, 178puruensis, 178chloris, Hypsipetes, 365Chloroceryle, 191croteta, 192isthmica, 191stictoptera, 192Chlorocichia, 363centralis, 363meruensis, 362Chloroenas exsul. 111subvinacea, 112chloromeros, Pipra, 263Chloronerpes aurosus, 211tobagensis, 211Chloropeta, 466similis, 466chlorophaea, Rhinortba, 136Chlorophoneus, 479fricki, 479nigrifrons, 479Chloropsis, 356incompta, 356inornatus, 356pridii, 356seri-thai, 356chloroptera, Sauropatis, 19.")Treron, 102chlorosoma, Pipilo, 636Chlorospingus, 588atriceps, 589axillaris, 585brunneus, 585inornatus, 589nigrifrons, 589ophthalmicus, 588postocularis, 589punctulatus, 589speculiferus, 588sumichrasti, 588wetmorei, 589zeledoni, 589Chlorostilbon, 178bracei, 179forficatus, 173insularis, 178osberti, 178pucherani, 178puruensis, 178Chlorothraupis, 682carmioli, 582Clilorura, 631chlorura, 631chlorura, Chlorura, 631Fringilla, 631choica, Dendroplex, 237Xiphorhynchus, 237
choraules, Brachyspiza, 659Zonotrichia, 659Chordeiles, 160exilis, 160howelli, 161inferior, 160micromeris, 160peruvianus, 160rupestris, 160sennetti, 160vicinus, 161xyostictus, 160zaleucus, 160Chordiles sennetti, 160Chotorea ampala, 206christophorensis, Butorides,26chrysendeta, Dendroica, 533chryseola, Wilsonia, 548Chrysocolaptes, 231tantus, 231chrysogenys, Arachnothera,502, 503chrysolaema, Eremophila,307chrysolaus, Turdus, 437chrysomelaena, Chrysothly-pis, 587chrysomelas, Tachyphonus,587Trogon, 190Chrysomitris arizonae, 622bryantii, 621dominicensis, 623siemiradzkii, 620Chrysophlegma lylei, 214chiysophorus, Microtarsus,357chrysops, Stach%Tis, 375Chrysothlypis, 587chrysomelaena, 587Chrysotis nichollsi. 127Chrysotrogon goeldii, 190chthonia, Grallaria, 260chthonium, Pellorneum, 368Chubbia, 88stricklandii, 88chunchotambo, Dendroco-laptes, 238Xiphorhynchus, 238Ciccaba, 155amplonotata, 155centralis, 155eatoni, 155squamulata, 155Cichlerminia, 435dominicensis, 435Cicinnurus lyogyrus, 340regius, 340Cinclocerthia, 417pavida, 417tenebrosa, 417Cinclus, 385mortoni, 385townsendi, 336unicolor, 385
INDEX 679
cJneraceus, Lopbophanes,346Megascops, 143Otus, 143Panis, 346
< inerascens, Certhidea, 605cinerea, Amphispiza, 648Fringilla, 663Geocichla, 440Geokichla, 440Pipilo, 625Vireosylvia, 517cinereicapillus, Halcyon, 195cinereiceps, Hypsipetes, 365lole, 365Laterallus, 78Phabotreron, 104Phapitreron, 104cinerescens, Elaenia, 295Elainea, 295cinereum, Toxostoma, 411cinereus, Cnipolegus, 272Harporhynchus, 411Myadestes, 426cinericia, Polioptila, 456cinnamomeum, Pellorneum,369cinnamomeus, Attila, 263cinnamomina, Pagolla, 84cinnamominus, Charadrius,84Cinnyricinclus, 481femoralis, 481friedmanni, 482Cinnyris abbotti, 497aldabrensis, 497axantha, 494blicki, 497eumecis, 494garguensis, 497heliobleta, 496heliomanis, 496heliozeteta, 495hypolampis, 493keniensis, 498kikuyensis, ^98mecynorhyncha, 493microleuca, 496nectarinioides, 498oenopa, 493polyclysta, 495proselia, 495zapega, 496circumcinctus, Aegialitis, 83Charadrius, 83Ibycter, 48Circus, 47approximans, 47cirrha, Parula, 530Cirropicus conjunctus, 214Cissilopha, 334san-blasiana, 334Cissolopba pulchra, 334Cissopis, 590leveriana, 590minor, 590
Cisticola, 445abaya, 446aequatorialis, 446bodessa, 445borea, 446fricki, 445humilis, 446inexpectata, 446kapitensis, 147kilimensis, 446nilotica, 446prinioides, 446Cisticola reichenowi, 447tana, 447valida, 446wambugensis, 446Cistothorus, 386paludiccla, 386plesius, 387pulverius, 387thryophilus, 387tokicensis, 387citreopygus, Attila, 263, 26-1Cittocincla superciliaris, 419Clangula barrovii, 37clara, Lathria, 265Sitta, 350clarescens, Hylocichla, 432clarionensis. Zenaidura, ]14clarki, Dendrodromas, 222clarkii, Podiceps, 7clarus, Basileuterus, 553Catharus, 430clazus, Ottus, 143clementae, Melospiza, 665Pipilo, 633clementeae, Amphispiza, 648dementis, Carpodacus, 610cleptea, Amaurornis, 79climacocerca, Hydropsalis,Clivicola maximiliani, 309Clytorhynchus, 470nesiotes, 470Cnemarchus, 271orinomus, 271cnephaeus, Otus, 141Cnipolegus cinereus, 272coalei, Myiarchus, 281cobanensis, Hesperiphona,607coccinea, Richmondena, 595coccineus, Cardinalis, 595Carpodacus, 612Coccothraustes, 605sowerbyi, 605Coccyzus, 134maynardi, 135occidentalis, 134palloris, 134Cochlearius, 30zeledoni, 30Cocornis agassizi, 605coelestis, Aphelocoma, 333Coeligena, 186consita, 186lutetiae, 186orina, 186
Coenocorypha, 87aucklandica, 88Coereba, 522atrata, 523barbadensis, 524bartholemica, 523martinicana, 523nectarea, 522portoricensis, 522sancti-thomae, 522tricolor, 522coeruleiceps, Geotrygon, 122coerulescens, Saltator, 592coffini, Colinus, 66cognata, Corythocichla, 374cognatus Aulacorhamphus,208Aulacorhynchus, 208Colaptes, 210borealis, 211cafer, 210mcarnsi, 211rufipileus, 210saturatior, 210colimae, Aphelocoma, 338Colinus, 65aridus, 65cofBni, 66godmani, 66graysoni, 65insignis, 66maculatus, 65minor, 66mocquerysi, 67nigripeclus, 65nigrogularis, 66salvini, 66segoviensis, 66Colius, 189jebelensis, 189collaris, Spermophila, 614collata, Amazilia, 183colletti, Parus, 341collinsi, Macrospiienus, 454Seicercus, 452collinus, Thryophilus, 391Thryothorus, 391CoUocalia, 167aenigma, 168aerophila, 169amechana, 168CoUocalia amclis, 168bartschi, 168cyanoptila, 171dodgei, 171elachyptera, 170elaphra, 167isonota, 171leucophaea, 169maratua, 169mearnsi, 169oberliolseri, 171ocista, 169origenis, 167perplexa, 168rogersi, 167spodiopygia, 170500036?61- -44
680 INDEXCollocalia?Continuedtachyptera, 168thespesia, 169townsendi, 170vestita, 169Colluricincla, 473maculosa, 317colombiana, Carduelis, 623Colopteryx, 292galeatus, 292inomatus, 292coloratus, Calcarius, 667Myadestes, 427colpiotes, Dissemurus, 323colubris, Archilochus, 188Columba, 110albilinea, 111austrina. 111castaneiceps, 112chiriquensis, 112frenata, 122guayaquilensis. 111niadrensis, 111meloda, 115purpureolincta, 112rupestris, 110subvinacea, 112taczanowskii, 110wetmorei. 111columbarius, Falco, 51Columbiana, Tityra, 267Columbigallina, 116aflavida, 116Columbigallina, exigua, 117insularis, 117navassae, 117Columbigallina pallescens,117parvula, 118socorroensis, 118comata, Pipra, 268comis, Garrulax, 381commoda, Alcippe, 384communis, Falco, 51compressus, Lepidocolaptes,240Compsothlypis graysoni, 529remalinae, 528speciosa, 530compsus. Icterus, 565compta, Campephaga, 317Volvocivora, 317comptus, Myioborus, 549concinnus, Orthotomus, 454concolor, Hypsi petes, 367concretus, Capiimulgus, 166confinis, Amphispiza, 647Poocaetes, 643Pooecetes, 643Turdus, 438confluenta, Sturnella, 576conirostris, Arremonops, 631Geospiza, 604conjunctus, Cirropicus, 214connectens, Aethostoma, 371Pseudochloris, 624
connectens?ContinuedSicalis, 624Trichastoma, 371connexus, Perisoreus, 332Conopoderas agassizi, 449atypha, 449crypta, 450eienia, 450kingi, 449nesiarcha, 449percernis, 450rava, 450Conostoma, 379graminicola, 379consita, Coeligena, 186consobrina, Ducula, 108, 109Hypothymis, 468consobrinus, Odontophorus,67Pipilo, 633Remiz, 347conspersus, Catherpes, 408conterminus, Capiimulgus,164Contopus, 281aithalodes, 282bracliytarsus, 282brunneicapillus, 283depressirostris, 282hispaniolensis, 283lugubris, 283morenoi, 283punensis, 283schottii, 282tacitus, 283veliei, 282vicinus, 281virens, 281Conurus abbotti, 129brevipes, 124calus, 129mitratus, 124perioncus, 129rupicola, 125strenuus, 124conversii, Popelaiiia, 177convexus, Anthracoceros, 202cooperi, Buteo, 44Melospiza, 665Myiarchus, 278Otus, 145Piranga, 580Podiceps, 6Pyranga, 580Scops, 145Tringa, 90copha, Arachnothera, 503Copsychus, 419abbotti, 420ephalus, 422erimelas, 421eumesus, 421haliblectus, 422heterogynus, 421inexspectatus, 422mallopercnus, 420
Copsychus?Continuedmelanurus, 419, 420musicus, 422nesiarchus, 422nesiotes, 422ochioptilus, 420opisthopelus, 420pagiensis, 422pellogynus, 419prosthopellus, 421suavis, 421superciliaris, 419zacnecus, 422Coracina, 315babiensis, 316bungurensis, 316sumatrensis, 315Coracornis, 472raveni, 472coralensis, Ptilinopus, 105corallirostris, Amazilia, 183Corapipo, 269carminae, 269coraya, Thryothorus, 394coreensis, Dryobates, 222coronata, Dacelo, 198Pitta, 299Zeledonia, 442coronatus, Thamnistes, 252corvina, Sporopliila, 614Corvus, 326americanus, 328brachyrhynchos, 328carnivorus, 327caurinus, 329cryptoleucus, 327europhilus, 327floridanus, 328grebnitskii, 326hesperis, 327kamtschaticus, 326leptonyx, 326nutallii, 329pascuus, 328paulus, 328principalis, 326, 327sinuatus, 327cory, Sula, 18Corydon, 233ardescens, 233khmerensis, 233morator, 233pallescens, 233coryi, Geothlypis, 545Phaenicophilus, 587Pyrrhulagra, 613Coryphotriccus, 275distinctus, 275Corythaeola, 132yalensis, 132Corythocichla cognata, 374Cossypha, 422garguensis, 422intensa, 423natalensis, 423
INDEX 681
costaricanum, Glaucidium,150costaricensis, Buteo, 44Cypseloides, 173Demlrocolaptes, 237Dendrornis, 238Geotrygon, 121Grallaricula, 259Nephoecetes, 173Nyctibius, 159Tityra, 267Vireosylva, 518Xiphocolaptes, 236Xiphorhynchus, 238Cotinga, 262ridgwayi, 262cottami, Cyanocitta, 339Coturnicops, 79goldmani, 79Coturaiculus dorsalis, 638fioridanus, 640mexicanus, 646perpallidus, 610coturniculus, Laterallus, 77Porzana, 77couchii, Aphelocoma, 337Cyanocitta, 337Tyrannus, 274couesi, Arquatella, 89Campylorhynchus, 389Erolia, 89cozuinelae, Attila, 263Icterus, 568Piranga, 581Cranioleuca, 244albigula, 244dissita, 244Cranorrhinus megistus, 201crassirostris, Arremonops,629Buarremon, 628Enibernagra, 629Lanivireo, 512Lysurus, 628Crax, 54chapmaiii, 54griscomi, 55rubra, 54creatopus, Puffinus, 10Creciscus murivagans, 77tamaulipensis, 78Criniger, 363crinitus, 364isani, 363khmerensis, 364ochraceus, 364simplex, 365sordidus, 364criniger, Irena, 357crinitus, Criniger, 364crissalis, Haliplana, 97Pyrrhulagra, 614Sterna, 97Trogon, 190Turacus, 132cristatus, Thalasseus, 97
cristula, Elaenia, 295Crithagra afiSnis, 608kilimensis, 608croceus, Spinus, 623croizati, Minla, 383croteta, Chloroceryle, 192crymophila, Hylociclila, 431Crypsirina, 330sapiens, 330crypta, Conopoderas, 450lole, 364Cryptoglaux ridgwayi, 158cryptoleuca, Platysteira, 466Progne, 314cryptoleucura, Cymochorea,14Oceanodroma, 14cryptoleucus, Corvus, 327Cryptolopha flavigularis, 451malindangensis, 452nesophila, 452Crypturellus, 3cursitans, 4erythropus, 4goldmani, 4mexicanus, 4saltuarius, 3Crypturus goldmani, 4inornatus, 3cryptus, Hypsipetes, 364Thryomanes, 398cubanus, Butorides, 26cucullata, Cyanolyca, 334Pitta, 299cucullatus, Cyanocorax, 334Cuculus, 132fucatus, 133horsfieldi, 132peninsulae, 132saturatus, 133simus, 133Culicicapa, 460amphiala, 461antioxantha, 460calochrysea, 460ceylonensis, 460, 461eophila, 461mayri, 461pellonota, 460pellcpira, 461percnocara, 460Culicivora, plumbea, 456rnmatilis, Thraupis, 579cuneicauda, Eudynamys, 134Glareola, 92Thinocorus, 92cunicularia, Speotyto, 154cupidineus, Ptilinopus, 107Cupidonia pallidicincta, 61cupreicepa, Eupherusa, 184curasocnsis, Icterus, 569curiosus, Phaethornis, 176curonicus, Charadriiis, 83currucoides, Sialia, 426cursitans, Crypturellus, 4
Cursorius, 91jebelensis, 91temminckii, 91curvirostra, Treron, 101Cutia, 382melanchima, 382Cyanecula abbotti, 418cyaneovirens, Erytbrura, 559Geospiza, 559cyaneoviridis, Callichelidon,313Hirundo, 313Cyanerpes, 521gemmeus, 521cyanescens, Cyanocompsa,601Sauropatis, 195cyanicauda, Psarisomus, 232cyaniceps, Muscipeta, 458Rhipidura, 458cyanocephala, Estrilda, 558cyanochrus, Pycnonotus, 362Cyanocitta, 338annectens, 338, 339argentigula, 334arizonae, 337azteca, 340carlottae, 338cottami, 339couchii, 337macrolopha, 340purpurea, 340sumichrasti, 337woodhouseii, 335Cyanocompsa, 600cyanescens, 601cyanoides, 601indigotica, 600, 601sterea, 601Cyanocorax, 333cucullatus, 334zeledoni, 333Cyanoderma apega, 377eripella, 376fulviventris, 376neocara, 376pellum, 376cyanoides, Cyanocompsa,601Cyanolaemus bessophilus,185cyanoleuca, Pygochclidon,312Cyanolyca, 334albior, 334argentigula, 334cucullata, 334mirabilis, 334Cyanomitra changamwensis,492Cyanops euroa, 207invisa, 207trangensis, 206cyanopteryx, Pelargopsis,193Ramphalcyon, 193
682 INDEX
cyanoptila, Collocalia, 171Cyanospiza rositae, 601cyanotis, Aphelocoma, 335Megalaima, 207Cyanura annectens, 338frontalis, 339Cyclarhis, 479cearensis, 480flavens, 480insularis, 479perrygoi, 480yucatanensis, 479Cyclorhis albiventris, 480cearensis, 480insuiaris, 479yucatanensis, 479Cymbilaimus, 249fasciatus, 249Cymbilanius fasciatus, 249Cymochorea homochroa, 15Cynanthus, 179lawrencei, 179Cyornis antelia, 465calocephala, 466chersonesites, 465karimatensis, 466lampra, 465mindorensis, 466nesaea, 465rupatensis, 465Cyphorhinus griseolateralis,410thoracicus, 410Cypseloides, 173cherriei, 173costaricensis, 173jamaicensis, 174Cypselus borealis, 173griseifrons, 173melanoleucus, 174Cyrtonyx, 68mearnsi, 63merriami, 68ocellatus, 68sumichrasti, 68Cyrtostomus dinagatensis,496mindanensis, 496woodi, 497Cymochorea cryptoleucura,14 DDacelo albifrons, 195coronata, 198minima, 193nullitorqucs, 199vitiensis, 197Dacnis aureinucha, 521dactylatra, Sula, 18Dactylortyx, 67chiapensis, 67devius, 67sharpei, 67dalatensis, Franklinia, 447Prinia, 447
damicra, Aegithina, 356danbyi, Junco, 652darienensis, Veniliornis, 221darwinii, Thraupis, 579daulias, Microcerculus, 409dauricus. Troglodytes, 402davao, Dicaeum, 508davidiana, Cettia, 443debilirostris, Geospiza, 603debooyi, Nesotrochis, 76decarlei, Pomatorhinus, 373Deconychura, 234typica, 234decora, Dendroica, 538decussatus, Caprimulgus, 164deignani, Eurystonnis, 201Glaucidium, 151Lonchura, 561Pellerneum, 369Pericrocotus. 319Pycnonotus, 360delacouri, Glaucidium, 151Prinia, 448Sitta,350delafieldii, Sylvia, 545delatrii, Tachyphonus, 585Delattria brevirostris, 185pringlei, 185delicata, Dendroeca, 538Dendroica, 538deliciosa, Psittacula, 126deliciosus, Forpus, 126Deltarhynchus, 281delutescens, Francolinus, 68Demigretta, 29ringeri, 29Dendragapus, 56fuliginosus, 56Dendrobiastes jugosae, 464Dendrocincla, 233acedesta, 234aphanta, 233castanoptera, 234enalincia, 234meruloides, 233ridgwayi, 233rufo-olivacea, 234turdina, 234typhla, 234Dendrocolaptes, 236chunchotambo, 238costaricensis, 237hyleorus, 236obsoletus, 236ridgwayi, 237Dendrocopos, 221azelus, 228cactophilus, 226centrophilus, 227eremicus, 226fraterculus, 228hylonomus, 226icastus, 225imraaculatus, 223intermedins, 225jardinii, 225kamtschaticus, 221
Dendrocopos?Continuedleucothorectis, 224lucasanus, 226malleator, 228moluccensis, 223namiyei, 222nelsoni, 225nuttallii, 226orius, 224percus, 228purus, 221ridgwayi, 228sanctorum, 225siasiensis, 223sinicus, 222subcirris, 222symplectus, 228ussuriensis, 222villosus, 224Dendrocygna, 34fulgens, 34belva, 34lucida, 34Dendrodromas clarki, 222Dendroeca barbadensis, 533delicata, 538hypochrysea, 540jamaicensis, 532melanoptera, 532niveiventris, 537panamensis, 533plumbea, 540Dendroica, 531abacoensis, 539achrustera, 539adelaidae, 538albicollis, 532albilora, 537auduboni, 535auricapilla, 532bryanti, 534castaneiceps, 535clirysendeta, 533decora, 538delicata, 538dugesi, 531eoa, 532erihtachorides, 533erithachorides, 533goldmani, 536graciae, 538gundlachi, 531hypochrysea, 540kirtlandii, 539lurida, 539melanoptera, 532memorabilis, 536morcomi, 531nigrescens, 536nigrifrons, 536occidentalis, 537paludicola, 540petechia, 533plumbea, 540rufivertex, 531rufopileata, 533
INDEX 683Dendroica?ContinuedSolaris, 532subita, 538townsendi, 536vieilloti, 533Dendromus arizelus, 211Dendronessa, 36Dendrophassa abbotti, 102adina, 103arismicra, 102melopogenys, 102mesochloa, 102miza, 103nesophasma, 103peUochlora, 103polioptila, 103zalepta, 103Dendroplex choica, 237dugandi, 237longirostris, 238phalara, 238Dendrornis costaricensis,238fraterculus, 238lawrencei, 238megarhynchus, 239mentalis, 239punctigula, 239striatigularis, 239Dendrortyx, 62dilutus, 62diversus, 62griseipectus, 62oaxacae, 63striatus, 62depressirostris, Contropus,282derhamii, Muscicapa, 549deserticola, Amphispiza, 647desgodinsi, Heterophasia,385devius, Dactylortyx, 67dextra, Piranga, 580diaphora, Eremophila, 307Otocoris, 307diardi, Rhopodytes, 135diatropurus, Muscadivores,108Dicaeuni, 504affine, 504antiproctum, 505assimile, 507assimilis, 507batuense, 507cainbodianum, 508dolichorhynchum, 508davao, 508hypochloum, 505intermedia, 506lyprum, 505melathe, 505pagense, 505pallescens, 504pallidior, 507pallidius, 507separabile, 504
Dicaeura?Continuedsiamense, 507siamensis, 507sibuyanica, 506sibuyanicum, 506trigonostigina, 505umbratile, 508dichromata, Myzomela, 487Dichrozona, 253zononota, 253dicruroides, Surniculus. 133Dicruropsis montana, 321sirensis, 321solombensis, 321Dicrurus, 320aldabranus, 320atactus, 320balicassius, 321bondi, 320cathoecus, 320celaenus, 321diporus, 321jentincki, 321leucophaeus, 321leucops, 321malabaricus, 322menagei, 322microlophus, 323, 324mindorensis, 321montanus, 321palawanensis, 322paradiseus. 322periophthalmicus, 321platurus, 322, 323rocki, 320siamensis, 320Didunculus, 123strigirostris, 123differens, Merula, 439Turdus, 439difficilis, Empidonax, 286,287Pomatorhinus, 373difiFusus, Oriolus, 324Diglossa, 521albilinea, 521dilloni, Pellorneum, 369diluta, Eremophila, 301dilutus, Atlapetes, 627Dendrortyx, 62Passer, 556dimidiatus, Aulacorham-phus, 209Aulacorhynchus, 209dinagatensis, Cyrtostomus,496Dinopium, 124anguste, 214angustum, 214raveni, 214Diomedea, 8fusca, 9leptorhyncha, 8Diphyllodes magnificus, 340dipora, Stachyris, 375diporus, Dicrurus, 321
discolor, Aimophila, 644Habia, 584Haliplana, 96Phoenicothraupis, 584discrepans, Nothocercus, 3disjuncta, Myrmeciza, 256distinctus, Coryphotriccus,275Dissemurus adelphus, 323colpiotes, 323elassopterus, 323endomychus, 324hypoballus, 322mallomicrus, 322niessati'js, 322microlophus, 323olizurus, 323pachistus, 323siakensis, 322dissita, Cranioleuca, 244distans, Amazilia, 182Otus, 140Diuca, 625diuca, 625diversa, Arborophila, 71diversum, Piprisoma, 504diversus, Celeus, 211Dendrortyx, 62divinus, Psarisomus, 232docima, Anuropsis, 370dodgei, Collocalia, 171dolei, Chasiempis, 460Doleromya pallida, 181Dolichonyx, 576albinucha, 576fuscipennis, 563oryzivorus, 576dolichopterus, Loriculus, 131dolichorhynchum, Dicaeum,508dolosa, Eudynamis, 134dominicana, Chaetura, 173LoxigUla, 613Pyrrhulagra, 613Vireosylvia, 517dominicanus, Myasdestes,427dominicensis, Carduelis, 623Chrysomitris, 623Cichlherminia, 435Hirundo, 313Margarops, 435donaldsoni, Merops, 201Doricha bryantae, 188dorsalis, Coturniculus, 638Junco, 648Picoides, 230drasticus, Abroscopus, 452dresseri, Parus, 342driophila, Anuropsis, 370Dromococcyx, 137gracilis, 137pavoninus, 137dryas, Hemiprocne, 174Rhipidura, 459
684 INDEXDrymacataphus nyctilampis,369vicinus, 369Drymophila margaritensis,253Dryobates aenus, 227azelus, 228caetophilus, 226centrophilus, 227coreensis, 222enissomenus, 225eremicus, 226fraterculus, 228hylonomus, 226icastus, 225intermedius, 225leucothorectis, 224namiyei, 222nelsoni, 225orius, 224percus, 228picoideus, 224ridgwayi, 228sanctorum, 225sinaloensis, 227subciriis, 222symplectus, 228iissurianus, 222Dryocopus, 216biittikoferi, 216floridanus, 216martius, 216parvus, 216silvifragus, 216Dryolimnas, 75abbotti, 75aldabranus, 75dryomoecus, Thryomanes.397Dryonastes grahami, 380ricinus, 381shensiensis, 380dubius, Amydrus, 481PjTocephalus, 273Dubusia, 579carrikeri, 579Ducula, 107aurorae, 107bicolor, 110consobrina, 108, 109langhornei, 110latrans, 110palmasensis, 110pickeringii, 109polia, 108townsendi, 108vanwyckii, 109zamydra, 109dugandi, Dendroplex, 237Xiphorhynchus, 237dugesi, Basileuterus, 554Dendroica, 531Dulus, 476oviedo, 476dumetaria, Upucerthia, 241
Dumetella, 414meridianus, 414ruficrissa, 414duplexus. Icterus, 568dwighti, Chionophilos, 306dybowskii, Acrocephalus,449Francolinus, 69Dyctiopicus malleator, 228dysancrita, Burnesia, 448Dysithamnus, 252oberi, 252septentrionalis, 252striaticeps, 252suffusus, 252E
eatoni, Ciccaba, 155eclipis, Rhinomyias, 462Ectopistes marginella, 113ecuadoreana, Pulsatrix, 148Edolisoma, 316abbotti, 316mcgregori, 316nisorium, 316edwardi, Streptopelia, 116effutitus, Troglodytes, 400egretta, Casmerodius, 23Herodias, 28eidos, Falco, 53eisenmanni, Sicalis, 624elachior, Anthreptes, 492elachyptera, Collocalia, 170Elaenia, 295cinerescens, 295cristula, 295frantzii, 295jaliscensis, 296minima, 296obscura, 295placens, 296silvicultrix, 295stolzmanni, 295viridiflava, 298elaeoprorus, Atlapetes, 627Buarremon, 627Elainea chiriquensis, 295cinerescens, 295frantzii, 295semiflava, 293elaphra, Collocalia, 167elassa, Macropygia, 113elassopterus, Dissemurus.323elatus, Tyrannulus, 262elbeli, Megalaima, 207Pellorneum, 369Pycnonotus, 358Electron minus, 199orienticola, 199suboles, 199elegans, Parus, 344Progne, 314, 315Sula, 18
elegantissima, Tanagra, 577ellenbecki, Francolinus, 68ellioti, Atthis, 189Uranomitra, 183Elocincla aenigma, 371Elvira, 184chionura, 184Emberiza auduboni, 602bairdii, 641shattuckii, 654tov\rnsendii, 602Embemagra crassirostris,629verticalis, 630Eminia, 444hypochlora, 444hypochlorus, 444eminulns, Mitrephanes, 290empheris, Lalage, 317Empidonax, 284alascensis, 284argentinus, 288axillaris, 289brewsteri, 284brunneus, 288campestris, 284difficilis, 286, 287flavescens, 287, 288flaviventris, 284fulvifrons, 289fusciceps, 290gracilis, 285griseipectus, 288hammondii, 285imperturbatus, 287insulicola, 287lawrencei, 288minimus, 285nanus, 513oberholseri, 285occidentalis, 287perplexus, 287pygmaeus, 289salvini, 287timidus, 289traillii, 284trepidus, 286viridescens, 288wrightii, 285enalincia, Dendrocincla, 234enantia, Haemataena, 107enchorus, Philetairus, 555endomychus, Dissemurus,324enertera, Eremophila, 305enertera, Otocoris, 305enganensis, Otus, 140Engyptila vinaceiventris, 120wellsi, 120enissomenus, Dryobates, 225ennosiphyllus, Sclerurus, 249enochrus, Troglodytes, 400
INDEX 685Enodes, 486centralis, 486enopopygius, Ceyx, 192enthymia, Ereniophila, 302Otocoris, 302Entoniiza angustipluma, 486olivacea, 486Entomodestes, 428leucotis, 428Entomothera neophora, 194oclirothorectis, 194pagana, 194Entotriccus, 272striaticeps, 272eoa, Dendroica, 532eophila, Culicicapa, 461Eophona sowerbyi, 605Eopsaltria albifrons, 472flavifrons, 472icteroides, 472eous, Garrulax, 380Pycnonotus, 360ephalus, Copsychus, 422epipolia, Alcippomis, 384episcopus, Sialia, 424erema, Acrocephalus, 450Conopoderas, 450eremicus, Dendrocopos, 226Dryobates, 226eremita, Mimocichla, 435eremitta, Alcippe, 383ercmnus, Thamnophilus, 251Eiemobius, 241phoenicurus, 241eremonoma, Phaeomyias,296eremonomus, Butorides, 25Eremophila, 301actia, 305adusta, 306alpina, 304aphrasta, 307arcticola, 301argalea, 301bel, 301brandti, 301chrysolaema, 307diaphora, 307diluta, 301enertera, 305enthymia, 302giraudi, 303insularis, 304leucansiptila, 306leucolaema, 302longirostris, 301oaxacae, 307praticola, 303rubea, 305strigata, 303eremophilus, Thryomanes,397Ergaticus, 550ruber, 551versicolor, 551
ericrypta, Melospiza, 661erihtachorides, Dendroica,533erimacra, Treron, 101erinielas, Copsychus, 421Eriocnemis floccus, 187eripella, Cyanoderma, 376eriphaea, Alcippe, 384Alcippomis, 384Erismatuia alleni, 38erithachorides, Dendroica,533erithacus, Ceyx, 192eritora, Malacocincla, 372eritorum, Trichastoma, 372erixanthus, Anthreptes, 489Erolia, 89bairdii, 89couesi, 89pacifica, 90ptilocnemis, 90erro, Prinia, 448Erythrocichia bankana, 371erythrocnemis, Pomato-rhinus, 373erythroptera, Gallicoluniba,123Stachyris, 376erythrocnemis, Pomato-rhynchus, 478erythropthalmos, Pycno-notus, 361, 362erythropus, Crypturellus, 4Tinamus, 4Erythropygia, 423abboti, 423jungens, 423erythrorhynchos, Pelecanus,16erythrothorax, Leistes, 575erythrozonus, Pteroglossus,209Erythrura, 559cyaneovirens, 559Esacus, 91magnirostris, 91espinachi, Icterus, 569Estrilda, 558brunneigularis, 558centralis, 559cyanocephala, 558polia, 559hypochra, 559keniensis, 559rhodopareia, 558roosevelti, 559euboria, Hylocichla, 431Eubucco, 205Eudromia, 5Eudynamis, dolosa, 134Eudynaniys, 134cuneicauda, 134Euetheia, bryanti, 602intermedia, 602eumecis, Cinnyris, 494Nectarinia, 494euraelas, Orthotomus, 453
eumesa, Kittacincla, 421eumesus, Copsychus, 421Eumomota, 200bipartila, 200bipartitus, 200Euphagus, 565nigrans, 565Eupherusa, 183cupreiceps, 184nelsoni, 183nigiiventris, 184niveicauda, 184Euphonia anneae, 577godmani, 577euphonia, Melospiza, 666euplastus, Mecocerculus, 294Euplectes, 557changamwensis, 557eupolius, Orthotomus, 453Eupsychortyx pallidus, 67eurhinus, Totanus, 86eurhyncha, Guiraca, 600euroa, Anthipes, 463Cyanops, 207Megalairaa, 207euronotus, Thryothorus, 391europhilus, Corvus, 327euroum, Pellorneum, 369eurous, Phaenicophilus, 587Picus, 213Eurylaimus, 232friedmanni, 232niecistus, 232Eurystomus, 201abundus, 201deignani, 201Euryzonia, sepiaria, 76Euspiza albigula, 602eustathis, Aplonis, 483Lamprocorax, 483eustictus, Oriolus, 325euthapsinus, Anthreptes, 488Euthlypis, 551lachrymosa, 551tephra, 551evelynae, Philodice, 188everetti, Macronous, 378Mixornis, 378evermanni, Lagopus, 58evura, Spizella, 655Excalfactoria, 71palmeri, 71trinkutensis, 71excellens, Campylopterus,177Pampa, 177Tigrisoma, 29exigua, Chloraenas, 111Columbigallina, 117Nyctiprogne, 161exiguus, Momotus, 200exilipes, Aegiothus, 619Carduelis, 619exilis, Chordeiles, 160Laterallus, 78exima, Leioptila, 384
G86 INDEX
eximia, Heterophasia, 384Rhodinocichla, 586eximius, Basileuterus, 552exochra, Arachnotliera, 502exquisita, Psittacula, 126exsul, Buteo, 43Chloroenas, 111Myrmeciza, 255Salpinctes, 407extrema, Prinia, 448
facta, Rhinortha, 136Falcinellus ridgwayi, 31Falco,50aequatorialis, 53alascanus, 50columbarius, 51communis, 51eidos, 53ferox, 51insignis, 51leucophrys, 52occident.ilis, 52pealei, 51peninsularis, 52richardsonii, 51septentiionalis, 51sparveroides, 52suckleyi, 51tinnunculus, 52uralensis, 50fallax, Leucippus, 181Melospiza, 666Zonotrichia, 666fasciata, Chamaea, 354fasciatus, Cymbilaimus, 249Cymbilanius, 249Garrulus, 330Glandarius, 330Parus, 354Picoides, 229, 230Ptilinopus, 106fatigata, Geospiza, 603fayi, Pycnonotus, 359femoralis, Cinnyricinclus,481Pholidauges, 481Numenius, 85ferox, Falco, 51ferrarius, Garrulax, 380festinus. Troglodytes, 401festiva, Henicorhina, '105feyi, Pycnonotus, 359fidelis, Monasa, 203figlina, Pyranga, 581finschi, Certhiola, 523fisherella, Melospiza, 664fisheri, Ammodramus, 641Ammospiza, 641Glaucidium, 149Oestrelata, 12flabellifera, Florisuga, 177flammea, Piranga, 582flaminula, Pinicola, 617
flammulatus, Myiarchus, 281flavagula, Carbo, 23flavens, Cyclarhis, 480flaveolus, Basileuterus, 551Myiothlypis, 551flavescens, Basileuterus, 552Empidonax, 287, 288Hypocnemis, 254Vireo, 512flavicans, Macrosphenus, 454flaviceps, Auriparus, 343Geothlypis, 544Zosterops, 510flavifrons, Eopsaltria, 472Pachycephala, 472Vireo, 516Havigaster, Basileuterus, 554Xiphorhynchus, 239
'lavigularis, Cryptolopha, 451Phylloscopus, 451rlavilarvata, Aptenodytes, 6Oavinucha, Muscisaxicola,270Sitta, 351lavinuchus, Centurus, 220*lavipes, Platycichla, 428Ilaviventre, Camptostoma,297fiaviventris, Basileuterus, 554Blacicus, 288Empidonax, 284Tyrannula, 284flavotinctus, Picumnus, 209iiavovelata, Geothlypis, 544f'.avovelatus, Geothlypis, 544lleurieuensis, Platycercus,131loccus, Eriocnemis, 187f'orida, Tangara, 578rloridana, Progne, 314Richmondena, 593floridanus, Ammodramus,640Carbo, 21Cardinalis, 593Corvus, 328Coturniculus, 640Dryocopus, 216Glottis, 86Phalacrocorax, 21Phloeotomus, 216Scops, 142Florisuga, 177flabellifera, 177tobagensis, 177lorficatus, Chlorostilbon, 178Formicarius, 256moniliger, 256nigricapillus, 257panamensis, 257umbrosus, 256Formicivora, 253intermedia, 253rufiventris, 254schisticolor, 252formosae, Lanius, 478
formosus, Icterus, 569Forpus, 125deliciosus, 126insularis, 125spengeli, 126vividus, 126forrestia, Hypothymis, 467forsteri. Sterna, 95iortis, Agelaius, 573Geospiza, 603fostersmithi, Syrigma, 29i'^oudia, 557aldabrana, 557toxii, Limosa, 85rancescae, Saltator, 590franciscae, Granatellus, 548Francolinus, 68delutescens, 68dybowskii, 69ellenbecki, 68fricki,68friedmanni, 69grantii, 68grisescens, 69helleri, 69kapitensis, 69keniensis, 70maranensis, 69Franklinia dalatensis, 447frantzii, Elaenia, 295Elainea, 295Nothocercus, 3Semnornis, 205Tetragonops, 205Tinamus, 3Traseri, Oreomanes, 525i'^raseria, 466prosphora, 466f'ater, Anous, 98Tratercula, 100naumanni, 100fratercula, Geospiza, 603Iraterculus, Bradypterus,443Dendrocopos, 228Dendrornis, 238Dryobates, 228Grus,72Phaethornis, 176fratis-regis, Mycerobas, 606fratruelis, Arremon, 629Fregetta, 14lineata, 14frenata, Columba, 122Geotrygon, 122*^ricki, Andropadus, 362Chlorophoneus, 479Cisticola, 445Francolinus, 68Lagonosticta, 558Melaniparus, 345Othyphantes, 557Phyllastrephus, 363Ploceus, 557Pycnonotus, 362Zosterops, 509
INDEX 687friedmanni, Cinnyricinclus,482Eurylaimus, 232Francolinus, 69Fringilla bachniani, 646bicolor, 637chlorura, 631cinerea, 663guttata, 663harrisii, 656laciniata, 626macgillivraii, 642maculata, 599niexicana, 620oregana, 650texensis, 622frontalis, Arremon, 628Certhiola, 523Cyanura, 339Melanerpes, 219Oriolus,325Phabotreron, 104Phapitreron, 104frugilegus, Tanagra, 579fucatus, Cuculus, 133fucosa, Tangara, 578fucosus, Carbo, 22Tangara, 578fulgens, Denclrocygna, 34Passer, 556Fulica, 80alai, 80americana, 81caribaea, 81grenadensis, 81major, 81fiiliginosa, Canace, 56Malacoptila, 203Passerella, 660fuliginosus, Dendragapus,56Fulmarus, 9glupischa, 9rcdgersii, 9fulvescens, Catharus, 430Chamaeza, 257Junco, 649Fulvetta insperata, 383fulvifrons, Empidonax, 289Mnscicapa, 289fulvigula. Anas, 35Stelgidopteryx, 312fulvipectiis, Callipepla, 64fulvipennis, Stelgidopteryx.312fulviventris, Cyanoderma376Saltator, 592Stachyris, 376fumidus, Atlapetes, 627fumifrons, Perisoreus, 331Saxicola, 271fumosus, Buteo, 44Catharus, 429Melanerpes, 219funereus, Oryzoborus, 616furcata, Progne, 315
furcatus, Ptilinopus, 105furvus, Schiffornis, 269Scotothorus, 269fusca, Aimophila, 645Allenia, 417Diomedea, 9Lamprotornis, 482Peucaea, 645fuscater, Catharus, 430fuscescens, Aegiothus, 619Carduelis, 619fusciceps, Empidonax, 290fuscipennis, Dolichonyx, 56 5fusco-cinereus, Lipaugus, 261fuscus, Lepidocolaptes, 240Meiglyptes, 215
gabrielsoni, Lagopus, 58galapagensis, Haematopus.81Poecilonetta, 36galbanus, Hylophiliis, 519galeata, Xanthoura, 333galeatus, Colopteryx, 292galenae, Aethopyga, 500galericulata, Pipra, 577galerita, Hypothymis, 467Monarcha, 467galgulus, Loriculus, 131Gallicolumba, 122erythroptera, 123menagei, 122Gallinula, 79cerceris, 80portoricensis, 80sandvicensis, 79gambeli, Lanius, 477Parus, 343gambelii, Zonotrichia, 657garguensis, Anthreptes, 492Cinnyris, 497Cossypha, 422Zosterops, 510garretti, Muscisaxicola, 270Garrulax, 330badius, 380comis, 381eons, 380ferrarius, 380grahami, 380grosvenori, 381imprudens, 381laetus, 380lochmius, 380oblectans, 381schistaceus, 381shensiensis, 380strenuus, 381subconnectens, 382vibex, 380Garrulus, 330fasriatus, 330Gecinulus, 215poilanei, 215
Gecinus griseoviridis, 214weberi, 213gemmeus, Cyanerpes, 521Geocichla cinerea, 440keniensis, 441mindanensis, 440raineyi, 441Geoffioyus, 128tiinorlaoensis, 128Geokichla, 440cinerea, 440gibson-hilli, 441kilimensis, 441raineyi, 441geophjlus, Anthus, 473georgiana, Melospiza, 661georgica, Strix, 156Geositta, 241antarctica, 241brevirostris, 241longipennis, 241Geospiza, 602albermarlei, 602conirostris, 604cyaneovirens, 559debilirostris, 603fatigata, 603fortis, 602, 603fratercula, 603intermedia, 603media, 604peruviensis, 616scandens, 603Geothlypis, 542aequinoctialis, 545alberticola, 543arizela, 543arizonicola, 543bairdi, 546beldingi, 544californicola, 543caninucha, 547chapalensis, 545coryi, 545flaviceps, 544flavovelata, 544flavovelatus, 544goldmani, 544icterotis, 547incompta, 545melanops, 544microrhyncha, 546minnesotirola, 543modestus, 544ontarionicola, 542palpebralis, 547poliocephala, 546quebecicola, 542ralpbi, 546rostrata, 545rostratus, 545speciosa, 546tanneri, 545typhicola, 543utahicola, 543
688 INDEXGeotrygon, 120carrikeri, 121chiriquensis, 122coeruleiceps, 122costaricensis, 121frenata, 122goldmani, 121mystacea, 121oreas, 121rubida, 122rufiventris, 120sabae, 121veraguensis, 120gertrudis, Leiothrix, 382Gerygone, 442muscicapa, 442rhizophorae, 442sulphurea, 442gibson-hilli, Geokichla, 441gigantea, Grallaria, 260gigantoptera, Hypothymis,469gigantorhinus, Mezobucco,208gilliardi, Pauxi, 54giraudi, Eremophila, 303Otocorys, 303Peucedramus, 530Glandarius fasciatus, 330Glareola cuneicauda, 92glaucescens, Xanthoura, 333glaucicomans, Muscicapa,465Glaucidium, 149austerum, 150costaricaniim, 150deignani, 151delacouri, 151fisheri, 149gnoma, 149grinnelli, 149minutissimum, 150nanum, 150palmarum, 149pinicola, 149ridgwayi, 150vafrum, 150vittatum, 149Glaucis, 175aenea, 175aeneus, 175glaucogularis, Capito, 205Glauconympha megacyanea,357glaucopis, Thalurania, 180Globicera townsendi, 108gloriosa, Calyptomena, 232Luscinia, 417gloriosae, Zosterops, 509Glottis floridanus, 86glupischa, Fulmanis, 9Glyphorynchus, 235pectoralis, 235gnoma, Glaucidium, 149godmani, Colinus, 66Euphonia, 577Tanagra, 577
goeldii, Chrysotrogon, 190Goethalsia, 181bella, 181goldmani, Aimophila, 646Antrostomus, 163Cotuinicops, 79Crypturellus, 4Ci7pturus, 4Dendroica, 536Geothlypis, 544Geoti7gon, 121Melospiza, 666Momotus,200Porzana, 79Trogon, 190Vireolanius, 430Goldmania, 181violiceps, 181gossi, Sula, 18gouldii, Melospiza, 664graciae, Dendroica, 538gracilipes, Amazona, 127gracilis, Dromococcyx, 137Empidonax, 235Mimus, 415Oceanites, 14Picolaptes, 240Rupornis, 46Thalassidroma, 14Gracula, 485baweana, 485halibrecta, 485miotera, 485ophelloohlora, 485prasiocara, 485religiosa, 485robusta, 485grahami, Antiornis, 443Dryonastes, 380GaiTulax, 380Grallaria, 260chthonia, 260gigantea, 260intermedia, 261lehmanni, 260lizanoi, 260ochraceiventris, 260saltuensis, 260Grallaricula, 259brevis, 259costaricensis, 259graminea, Melospiza, 665c'raminicola, Conostoma, 379Grammopsittaca maculata,125Granatellus, 548boucardi, 548franciscae, 548Granatina roosevelti, 559grandior, Vireo, 517Vireosylvia, 517grandis, Agelaius, 573Loxigilla, 612Thryothorus, 395granti, Turdinulus, 374grantii, Francolinus, 68
Graucalus babiensis, 316simalurensis, 315gravis, Platypsaris, 266graysoni, Amazilia, 183Colinus, 65Compsothlypis, 529Harporhynchus, 414Merula, 439Micrathene, 151Ortyx, 65Parula, 529Picus, 227Turdus, 439Zenaidura, 114graysonii. Icterus, 569grebnitskii, Carpodacus, 608Corvus, 326grenadensis, Butorides, 27Fulica, 81Thryothorus, 401Troglodytes, 401grindae, Psaltriparus, 349grinnelli, Glaucidium, 149Lanius, 478Regulus, 457griscomi, Crax, 55grisea, Amphispiza, 648Aphelocoma, 336griseicapilla, Treron, 102,103griseiceps, Hylophilus, 519Tityra, 267griseifrons, Chaetura, 173Cypselus, 173griseigularis, 374griseimentalis, Rhynchocy-clus, 291griseipectus, Dendrortyx, 62Empidonax, 288Pseudotharrhaleus, 443griseisticta, Muscicapa, 463griseocauda, Buteo, 45griseogularis, Pericrocotus,319griseolateralis, Cyphorhi-nus, 410Leucolepsis, 410griseoviridis, Gecinus, 214grisescens, Francolinus, 69griseus, Catherpes, 408Lophophanes, 346Periporeus, 332Puffinus, 10grosvenori, Garrulax, 381grotei, Hypsipetes, 367Ixocincla, 367gruberi, Onycholes, 45Grus, 72canadensis, 72fraterculus, 72guadeloupensis, Quiscalus,564Salpinctes, 406guarauna, Plegadis, 31guatemalae, Sialia, 424guatemalensis, Mimus, 415
INDEX 689
guerrerensis, Automolus, 247guateraalae, Otus, 144Strix, 138Tyto, 138guayaquilensis, Columba,111Lathria, 264gubernator, Agelaius, 573guerrerensis, Aplielocoraa,338guglielmi, Hypsipetes, 365Microscelis, 365guilloti, Penthestes, 342guimarasensis, Pardaliparus,344Guiraca, 600chiapensis, 600eurhyncha, 600gularis, Accipiter, 53Campylorhynchus, 390Macronous, 377Procellaria, 12gundlachi, Dendroica, 531gundlachii, Mimus, 414gustavi, Anthus, 473guttata, Fringilla, 663guttatum, Toxostoma, 411guttatus, Passerculus, 639Campylorhynchus, 389Harporhynchus, 411Odontophorus, 67Tinamus, 3gutturalis, Helminthophaga,527Stelgidopteryx, 312Gymnocichla, 254sanctae-martae, 254Gymnoglaux, 153lawrencii, 153Gymnomyza, 486samoensis, 486Gymnopithys, 257olivascens, 257gymnops, Rhegmatorhina,258Gymnostinops, 562cassini, 562HHabia, 582affinis, 583alfaroana, 583discolor, 584littoralis, 584nelsoni, 583peninsularis, 584rosea, 582Hadrostomus albiventris,266Haemataena enantia, 107massoplera, 107Haematopus, 81galapagensis, 81Haemophila sumichrasti, 644halconensis, Zosterops, 508
Halcyon, 194beniietti, 196cinereicapillus, 195laubmanniana, 195, 196minor, 194ochrothorectis, 194palmeri, 196pealei, 198peristephes, 199prenticei, 195recurvirostris, 198sacra, 197senegalensis, 195sordida, 196vagans, 195venerata, 199vitiensis, 197Haliaeetus, 46alascanus, 47albicilla, 46Haliaetus alascanus, 47hypoleucus, 46haliblectus, Copsychus, 422halibrecta, Gracula, 485halictypus, Lamprocorax,483Haliplana crissalis, 97discolor, 96haliploa, Treron, 101halistephis, Artamides, 315haiistona, Burnesia, 448Prinia, 448halitypa, Chalcostetha, 495halizonus, Pycnonotus, 361Halocyptena, 16microsonia, 16halodramus, Thalasseus, 97halseii, Sylvia, 536haniiltoni, Helianthea, 186hammondii, Empidonax, 285Tyrannula, 285Haplocichla swalesi, 437Haplophaedia, 187caucensis, 187Haplospiza montosa, 626Harpactes, 190annamensis, 191ardens, 190chaseni, 191rodiosternus, 190stellae, 190Harporhynchus bendirei, 412cinereus, 411graysoni, 414guttatus, 411longicauda, 410niaculatus, 412pasadenensis, 413sennetti, 411liarrisii, Fringilla, 656harrissoni, Arachnothera,503liartlaubi, Tauraco, 131hasbroucki, Otus, 142Sasia, 210
hastatus, Megascops, 143Otus, 143hatcheri, Muscisaxicola, 270hauaiensis, Anser, 34Hedymeles capitalis, 599papago, 600heernianni, Melospiza, 665Heleodytes, alticolus, 388anthonyi, 389nelsoni, 388nigricaudatus, 388obscurus, 389occidentalis, 390restrictus, 388rufus, 388stridulus, 390Heliangelus, 187soderstromi, 187Helianthea hamiltoni, 186heliobleta, Cinnyris, 496heliocala, Anthreptes, 491heliocalus, Anthreptes, 491heliocrita, Arachnothera, 502Heliodoxa, 185henryi, 185heliogona, Aethopyga, 501heliolusia, Anthreptes, 491heliolusius, Anthreptes, 491heliomanis, Cinnyris, 496heliomarpta, Chalcostetha,494Helionympha raineyi, 498Heliopaedica castaneocauda,181heliophiletica, Aethopyga,501heliophilus, Arachnothera,503Heliothrix alincius, 188Heliothryx, 188barroti, 188heliotis, Aethopyga, 500heliozeteta, Cinnyris, 495Nectarinia, 495helius, Rallus, 74helleri, Anorthura, 404Francolinus, 69Otus, 145Planesticus, 437Pogonocichla, 423Troglodytes, 404Turdus, 437Helminthophaga gutturalis,527luciae, 528lutescens, 526obscura, 527ocularis, 527virginiae, 528Helminthophila sordida, 526heloisa, Atthis, 189helva, Dencrocygna, 34helvinus, Hylophilus, 519hemichrysus, Myiodynastes,275
690 INDEXHemiprocne, 174anochra, 175dryas, 174longipennis, 175ocyptera, 175perlonga, 175thoa, 175Hemispingus, 589nigrifrons, 589Hemithraupis, 587ornata, 587omatus, 587Hemitriccus pammictus, 293Hemiura pacifica, 406hendersoni, Porzana, 76Henicorhina, 405bangsi, 405capitalis, 405festiva, 405hilaris, 405mexicana, 405Henicornis wallisi, 241henricii, Megalaima, 207henryi, Heliodoxa, 185henshawi, Astur, 40Chamaea, 354hensoni, Hypsipetes, 366Parus, 342hepaticus. Passer, 556herberti, Tliryothorus, 395Hermotimia talautensis, 494Herodias egretta, 28Herpsilochmus, 253exiguus, 253Hesperiphona, 606cobanensis, 607montana, 606saturata, 606hesperis, Corvus, 327hesperius, Orthotomus, 453hesperophila, Carduelis, 622hesperophilus, Astragalinus,622heterocblorus, Aplonis, 484Lamprocorax, 484Heterocnemis hypoleuca, 254heterogyna, Kittacincla, 421heterogynus, Copsychus, 421heterolaemus, Ortholoraus,453Phyllergates, 453Heterophasia, 384cana, 385desgodinsi, 385eximia, 384tecta, 385Heteroscelus, 86incanus, 86Heteroxenicus nangka, 418heurni, Lonchura, 561hilaris, Henicorhina, 405hillii, Mimus, 415Himantopus, 91knudseni, 91Himatione parva, 520hirundinacea, Sterna, 94
Hirundo, 308abbotti, 308cyaneoviridis, 313dominicensis, 313hypopolia, 309insularis, 308pallida, 309rufocollaris, 309saturata, 308serripennis, 311tachina, 309hispaniolensis, Contopus,283Tyrannula, 283holbollii, Podiceps, 6hoerythra, Rhytipterna, 264bolerythrus, Lipaugus, 264hollandi, Thamnophilus, 249holmesii, Scolopax, 87Holoquiscalus martinicensis,564homochroa, Cymochorea, 15Oceanodroma, 15homopterus, Polihierax, 50hondoense, Syrnium, 157hondoensis, Strix, 157horizoptera, Aegithina, 355horsfieldi, Cuculus, 132howelli, Chordeiles, 161Passerherbulus, 641hoyi, Pycnonotus, 358hudsonicus, Parus, 343hugonis, Abroscopus, 452humboldtii, Hylocharis, 181humeralis, Agelaius, 574humilis, Campylorhynchus,388Cisticola, 446hurleyi, Thryomanes, 397hutchinsoni, Rhipidura, 459huttoni, Phoebetria, 9Vireo, 513Hydrocissa barussensis, 202zamelaena, 202hydrophila, Ramphalcyon,193Hydroprogne, 94tschegrava, 94Hydropsalis, 166climacocerca, 166trifurcatus, 166hyleorus, Dendrocolaptes,236hylobius, Philydor, 247Hylocharis, 180humboldtii, 181xantusii, 180, 181Hylocichla, 430almae, 432auduboni, 431bicknelli, 433clarescens, 432crymophila, 431euboria, 431minima, 432nana, 431oedica, 432
Hylocichla?Continuedsalicicola, 434subpallida, 434ustulata, 431verecunda, 431Hylocitrea, 472bonensis, 472Hyloctistes, 246virgatus, 246hylodromus, Meiglyptes, 215Xiphorhynchus, 240Hylonianes, 199hylonomus, Dendrocopes,226Drvobates, 226Hylophilus, 519acuticaudus, 519galbanus, 519griseiceps, 519helvinus, 519melleus, 519nelsoni, 520ochraceiceps, 520xuthus, 519Hylophylax, 258lepidonota, 258Hylorchilus, 409sumichrasti, 409Hylospingus inornatus, 589Hyloterpe apoensis, 471basilanica, 472major, 471mindorensis, 471winchelli, 471hymenaica, Ploceella, 556hymenaicus. Ploceus, 556Hypargos, 558macrospilotus, 558niveoguttatus, 558hyperborea, Chen, 32hyperboreus, Larus, 94Plectrophenax, 667hyperemnus, Microtarsus,357Pycnonotus, 357hypernotius, Butorides, 25hyperonca, Ardea, 24hyperpontia, Sauropatis, 196Hypnelus, 203stoicus, 203hypnodes, Otus, 141hypoballus, Dissemurus, 322hypochlora, Eminia, 444hypochlorus, Eminia, 444hypochloum, Dicaeum, 505hypochra, Arachnothera, 502Estrilda, 559hypochrysea, Dendroeca, M*^Dendroica, 540hypocneca, Alcippe, 384Hypocnemis, 254flavescens, 254lepidonota, 258hypolampis, Cinnyris, 493hypolampra, Ilypurolepis,308
INDEX 691hypoleuca, Aphelocoraa, 335Cactornis, 605Heterocnemis, 254Synallaxis, 243hypoleucus, Brachyrham-phus, 100Haliaetus, 46hypoliza, Kittacincla, 419hypopercna, Macropygia, 113hypophaeus, Automolus, 247Platypsaris, 267hypopolia, Hirundo, 309Petrochelidon, 309hypopyrrha, Staciiyris, 376hypospodia, Synallaxis, 243Hypotaenidia jouyi, 75paraterma, 75reliqua, 75liypothapsina, Treron, 102Hypothymis, 467abbotti, 468amelis, 468calocara, 467consobrina, 468forrestia, 467galerita, 467gigantoptera, 469idiochroa, 467isocara, 468leucophila, 468montana, 467nicobarica, 467opisthocyanea, 469ponera, 468prophata, 468richmondi, 469Hypsipetes, 364batanensis, 366canescens, 367chloris, 365cinereiceps, 365concolor, 367cr>'ptus, 364grotei, 367guglielmi, 365hensoni, 366innectens, 364lekhakuni, 364loquax, 366monticola, 366nigerrima, 367nigerrimus, 367perplexus. 365remotus, 367rostratus, 367simulator, 364hypugaea, Speotryto, 153Hypurolepis abbotti, 308hypolampra, 308mallopega, 308mesata, 308
lache lawrencei, 179Ibis abbotti, 30thalassiaus, 31
Ibycter circumcinctus, 48icastopterus, Butorides, 27icastus, Dendrocopos, 225Dryobates, 225Leptopogon, 298icelus, Asio, 147Icoturus namiyei, 418icteroides, Eopsaltria, 472icterotis, Geothlypis, 547Icterus, 565argoptilus, 566audubonii, 568californicus, 567compsus, 565cozumelae, 568curasoensis, 569duplexus, 568espinachi, 569formosus, 569graysonii, 569igneus, 568nelsoni, 567nigerrimus, 574oberi, 566periporphyrus, 565portoricensis, 566salvinii, 570scottii, 567sennetti, 568taczanowskii, 570tamaulipensis, 570tricolor, 571wagleri, 566idahoensis, Megascops, 140Otus, 140idia, Anthreptes, 488idiochroa, Hypothymis, 467Idiospar, 625brachyurus, 625idius, Anthreptes, 488Leptopogon, 298Nectarinia, 498Olbiorchilus, 402Troglodytes, 402idonea, Tribura, 443idoneus, Bradypterus, 443ignea, Richmondena, 594Taenioptera, 270igneus, Cardinalis, 593Icterus, 568ignoratus. Passer, 556ignoscens, Lophortyx, 64ignotus, Basileuterus, 553ijimae, Acanthopneuste, 451Phylloscopus, 451iliacus, Telmatodytes, 387illinoensis, Aimophila, 645Peucaea, 645immaculatus, Dendrocopos,223impar, Microscelis, 367impedita, Lophortyx, 65imperator, Thalasseus, 94imperturbatus, Empidonax,287improvisa, Suiriri, 296imprudens, Garrulax, 381
incana, Bonasa, 60incanus, Bonasa, 60Heteroscelus, 86incerta, Lagonosticta, 558Sporophila, 614incompta, Chloropsis, 356Geothlypis, 545Indicator, 208indigotica, Cyanocompsa,600, 601Passerina, 600indistinctum, Pellorneum,368inexpectata, Cisticola, 446Pterodroma, 12inexspectata, Melospiza, 663Sturnella, 575inexspectatus, Copsychus,422inferior, Chordeiles, 160infima, Certhia, 353infuscatus, Meiglyptes, 215Pternistes, 70innectens, Hypsipetes, 364Microscelis, 364innitens, Pycnonotus, 359inornata, Aidemosyne, 560Lonchura, 560Pinaroloxias, 605Uria, 99inornatus, Atlapetes, 628Buarremon, 628Chloropsis, 356Chlorospingus. 589Colopteryx, 292Crypturus, 3Hylospingus, 589Parus. 346Phacellodomus, 244Thamnophilus, 251insignis, Aesalon, 51Colinus, 66Falco, 51Lepidocolaptes, 240Melospiza, 662Picolaptes, 240insolens, Myiodynastes, 275insolitus, Xiphorhynchus,240insperata, Fulvetta, 383Zeledonia, 442insulantis, Pericrocotus, 320insularis, Aphelocoma, 335Brachyspiza, 659Caprimnlirus, 164Centropus, 137Chlorostilbon, 178Columbigallina, 117Cyclarhis, 479Cyclorhis, 479Fremophila, 304Forpus. 125Hirundo, 308Junco, 651Leptotila, 119Myadestes, 426Nyctidromus, 161
692 INDEXinsularis?ContinuedOctocoris, 304Parula, 529Passerella, 660Platypsaris, 266Psittacula, 125Platyrinchus, 291Platyrhynchus, 291Quiscalus, 565Stenopsis, 164Thalassornis, 38Troglodytes, 398Zonotrichia, 659insularum, Pellorneiim, 368insulicola, Buteo, 45Empidonax, 287intensa, Chalcopelia, 118Cossypha, 423intensior, Phylloscopus, 451intercedens, Pyrocephalus,273intermedia, Dicaeum, 506Euetheia, 602Formicivora, 253Geospiza, 603Grallaria, 261Merula, 436Myrmeciza, 255Tiaris, 602Volvocivora, 316Yuhina, 383Zonotrichia, 657intermedins, Dendrocopos,225Dryobates, 225Pericrocotus, 318Pipilo, 636Thamnophilus, 250Turdus, 436internota, Anthreptes, 492internotus, Anthreptes, 492intextus, Xiphirhynchus, 374inveterata, Mixornis, 377inveteratus, Macronous, 377invisa, Cyanops, 207invisus, Oriohis, 324lole cinereiceps, 365crypta, 364monticola, 366perplexa, 365iracunda, Metallura, 187Irena, 357criniger, 357Iridophanes, 521aureinucha, 521Iridoprocne, 313albilinea, 313Iridosornis, 578analis, 578irvingi, Leucosticte, 617isani, Criniger, 363islandica, Bucephala, 37isocara, Hypothymis, 468isonota, Collocalia, 171isopega, Arachnothera, 503isoptera, Ramphalcyon, 194
isthmica, Ceryle, 191Chloroceryle, 191isthmicus, Ramphocelus, 580isus, Pycnonotus, 361Ithaginis, 71rocki, 71itzensis, Pacliyrhamphus,265iulus, Psaltriparus, 350Ixobrychus, 30astrologus, 30moorei, 30sinensis, 30Ixocincla grotei, 367rostrata, 367Ixos canescons, 367loquax, 366Jjacksoni, Platysteira, 466jaliscensis, Elaenia, 296Myiopagis, 296Sittasomus, 235jamaicensis, Cypseloides,174Dendroeca, 532Oxyura, 38jamesi, Pipilo, 636jambu, Pycnonotus, 360japonica, Loxia, 623japonicum, Syrnium, 157japonicus, Lagopus, 58Pericrocotus, 318Remiz, 347jardinii, Dendrocopos, 225javanica, Amaurornis, 79Nectarinia, 490javanicus, Accipiter, 42jebelensis, Colius, 189Cursorius, 91jentlncki, Dicrurus, 321jerdoni, Muscicapa, 465jessieae, Zenaida, 115jessoensis, Picus, 213, 214jocosus, Campylorhynchus,390johnsoni, Caprimulgus, 165johnstoni, Nectarinia, 498jouyi, Ardea, 24Astragalinus, 623Basileuterus, 553Carduelis, 623Hypotaenidia. 75RaHus. 75Turdus, 437jucuRdus, Ploceus, 557juga, Myzomela, 487jugans, Tephrodornis, 318jugosae, Dendrobiastes, 464Muscicapa, 464jugularis, Myzomela, 487Nectarinia, 496Junco. 648aikeni, 652alticola, 650
Junco?Continuedannectens, 652bairdi, 649caniceps, 648, 652danbyi, 652dorsalis, 648fulvescens, 649insularis, 651mearnsi, 650, 652montanus, 650oreganus, 650palliatus, 649pontilis, 651shufeldti, 651jungens, Erythropygia, 423KKakatoe, 124abbotti, 124kalinowskii, Macropsalis,167Uropsalis, 167kamtschaticus, Corvus, 326Dendrocopos, 221kapitensis, Cisticola, 447Francolinus, 69Pseudonigrita, 555karimatensis, Cyornis, 466Muscicapa, 466karpowi, Phasianus, 71katchalensis, Sturnia, 485Sturnus, 485kelleri, Merula, 436Turdus, 436kenaiensis, Melospiza, 663keniensis, Cinnyris, 498Estrilda, 559Francolinus, 70Geocichla, 441Phyllastrephus, 363Pogonocichla, 423Pternistes, 70Sylvietta, 445kennicotti, Phyllopneuste,451Phylloscopus, 451Otus, 141Pedioecetes, 61Pediocaetes, 61Scops, 141kenricki, Pocoptera, 481khmerensis, Corydon, 233Criniger, 364kicksii, Spermophila, 615kidderi, Oestrelata, 12kieneri, Melozone, 637kikuyensis, Cinnyris, 498kilimensis, Chalcopelia, 118Cisticola, 446Crithagra,608Geokichla, 441Poliospiza, 608Pternistes, 70kingi, Acrocephalus, 449Conopoderas, 449
INDEX 693
kirtlandii, Dendroica, 539Sylvicola, 539kiskensis, Nannus, 403Troglodytes, 403Kittacincla abbolti, 420eumesa, 421heterogyna, 421hypoliza, 419lamprogyna, 419mallopercna, 420ochroptila, 420opisthisa, 420opisthochra, 419opisthopela, 420pagensis, 420pellogyna, 419zaphotina, 421kitungensis, Andropadus, 362klossi, Arachnechthra, 495Acanthopneuste, 451Ncctarinia, 495Phylloscopus, 451Spilornis, 47knudseni, Hiniantopus, 91Piiffinus, 10kodiaka, Pinicola, 617koelzi, Aethopyga, 500koratensis, Volvocivora, 316kuiperi, Turnix, 72kumlieni. Lams, 93kuntzi, Apus, 174kurilensis, Troglodytes, 402
lachrymosa, Eutldypis, 551laciniata, Fringilla, 626laeniosticta, Myrmeciza, 255laetus, Carrulax, 380Lagonosticta fricki, 558incerta, 558lagophonus, Asio, 146Bubo, 146Lagopus, 56alleni, 57altipetens, 59atkhensis, 59chamberlaini, 58evermanni, 58gabrielsoni, 58japonicus, 58muriei, 56nelsonj, 59rainierensis, 59ridgwayi, 57sanfordi, 58townsendi, 58ungavus, 57yunaskensis, 59Lalage, 317empheris, 317maculosa, 317nigra, 317sueurii, 317woodi, 317
Laletes osburni, 516laninii, Automolus, 247Lampornis, 185brevirostris, 185margaritae, 185thalassinus, 177lampra, Cyornis, 465Muscicapa, 465lamprocephaius, Auriparus,348Lamprochelidon, 313lamprochlorus, Loriculus,131lamprochryseus, Oriolus, 325Lamprocorax alipodis, 484eustathis, 483halictypus, 483lieterochlorus, 484montosa, 485nesodramus, 484pachistorhinus, 484rhadinorhamphus, 483richmondi, 484todayensis, 484lamprogyna, Kittacincla, 419Laniprotornis atrifusca, 482brevirostris, 483fusca, 482lampterti, Nectarinia, 493langhornei, Ducula, 110iMuscadivora, 110Laaiarius abbotti, 479Lanio, 584melanopygius, 584Lanius, 477anthonyi, 477formosae, 478gambeli, 477grinnelli, 478mearnsi, 478migrans, 477nelsoni, 478suluensis, 478Lanivireo crassirostris, 512Larus, 92albipennis, 93barrovianus, 93brachyrhynchus, 92ijrevirostris, 94hyperboreus, 94kumlieni, 93leucopterus, 93maculipennis, 93nelsoni, 94schistisagus, 93suckleyi, 92thayeri, 93vegae, 94Laterallus, 77albigularis, 78cerdaleus, 78cinereiceps, 78coturniculus, 77exilis, 78murivagans, 77tamaulipensis, 78
lathburyi, Nectarinia, 499Latliria clara, 265guayaquilensis, 264latifascia, Nyctiprogne, 161Piranga, 581latrans, Carpopliaga, 110Ducula, 110laubmanniana, Halcyon, 195,196lawrencei, Chaetura, 172Cynanthus, 179Dendrornis, 238Empidonax, 288lache, 179Mimus, 415lawrencii, Gymnoglaux, 153Muscicapa, 280Pseudocolaptes, 245Thryothorus, 395leei, Centurus, 219Melanerpes, 219lelimanni, Grallaria, 260Leioptila exinia, 384Leiothrix, 382gertrudis, 382Leistes, 575erythrothorax, 575militaris, 575lekhakuni, Hypsipetes, 364Microscelis, 364Muscicapa, 465lemurum, Otus, 141Leonardia woodi, 370Leonardina, 370woodi, 370leopetes, Caprimulgus, 165lepida, Tachycineta, 313Lepidocolaptes, 240compressus, 240fuscus, 240insignis, 240neglectus, 240lepidonota, Hylophylax, 258Hypocnemis, 258lepidota, Uroloncha, 560lepta. Pitta, 300Leptasthenura, 242certhia, 242montivagans, 242peruviana, 242xenothorax, 242leptoleucus, Pipilo, 634leptonyx, Corvus, 326Leptopogon, 298amaurochephalus, 298icastus, 298idius, 298superciliaris, 298Leptoptila riottei, 119leptoryhncha, Diomedea, 8Leptosiltaca, 125branickii, 125I-cptotila, 119bonapartii. 120capitalis, 119cerviniventrls, 120
G94 INDEX
Leptotila?Continuedchalcauchenia, 120insularis, 119nuttingi, 119verreauxi, 119welisi, 120Lepturus brevicauda, 274lessonii, Momotus, 200leucansiptila, Eremophila,306Otocoris, 306Leucippus, 181fallax, 181richraondi, 181leucoblepharus, Basileuterus,552leucogaster, Progne, 314leucogastra, Porzana, 78leucolaema, Eremophila, 302Leucolepis, 410griseolateralis, 410thoracica, 410leucomus, Muscicapa, 549Leucopeza bishopi, 541leucophaea, Collocalis, 169Dicrurus, 321Macropteryx, 169Mimus, 416leucophUa, Hypothymis, 468leucops, Dicrurus, 321leucopsis, Sylvietta, 444leucopterus, Camarhynchus,615Larus, 93Mimus, 414leucorynchos, Artanius, 476Leucosticte, 617atrata, 618campestris, 618irvingi, 617littoralis, 617umbrina, 617leucothorectis, Dendrocopos,224Dryobates, 224leucotis, Entomodestes, 428Parus, 550Ptilogonys, 428leucura, Agriornis, 270Serpophaga, 294leveriana, Cissopis, 590levis, Rostrhamus, 39lewisi, Actinodura, 382Lichenops, 272andina, 272andinus, 272Lichmera, 488salvadorii, 488ligea, Sitta, 350limnetis, Rallus, 74Limnothlypis, 525alta, 525swainsonii, 525Limosa, 85foxii, 85novaezealandiae, 85
lineata, Fregetta, 14Syndactyla, 246Thalassidroma, 14lineatum, Tigrisoma, 29
'ineatus, Anabazenops, 246Liocichla, 382omeiensis, 382Lipaugus, 264castaneotinctus, 265fusco-cinereus, 264holerythrus, 264iippus, Spizitomis, 294iitoricola. Sterna, 95littoralis, Agelaius, 573Cardinalis, 596Habia, 584Leucosticte, 617Phoenicothraupis, 584Richmondena, 596littorea, Petrochelidon, 313iizanoi, Grallaria, 260Lochmias, 249nelsoni, 249iochmius, Garrulax, 380Locustella, 449ochotensis, 449Lonchura, 560deignani, 561heurni, 561inornata, 560maja, 561manueli, 561meridionalis, 560particeps, 561phaethontoptila, 560smythiesi, 561subsquamicollis, 560
'ongicauda, Aptenodytes, 5Harporhynchus, 410Toxostoma, 410longicaudatus, Mimus, 416longicaudis, Catoptrophorus,86iongipennis, Geositta, 241Hemiprocne, 175longirostris, Dendroplex, 238Eremophila, 301Melanotis, 413Xiphorhynchus, 238lonnbergi, Phyllastrephus,363Lophophanes cineraceus, 346griseus, 346missouriensis, 345Lophortyx, 63bensoni, 64brunnescens, 63californicus, 63ignoscens, 64impedita, 65sanus, 64teres, 65Lophotriccus, 292luteiventris, 292minor, 292zeledoni, 292
Lophozosterops striaticeps,510loquax, Hypsipetes, 366Ixos, 366Loriculus, 131dolichopterus, 131galgulus, 131lamprochlorus, 131phileticus, 131loringi, Melittophagus, 201Sarothrura, 79Sylvietta, 445loquacula, Cerchneis, 52Loxia, 623bendirei, 624japonica, 623megaplaga, 624percna, 624pusilla, 624Loxigilla, 612affinis, 613bahamensis, 613crissalis, 614dominicana, 613grandis, 612maurella, 613parishi, 613violacea, 613Loxops, 520bairdi, 521parva, 520loyemilleri, Puffinus, 11hicasanus, Buteo, 43Dendrocopos, 226Picus, 226kicayana, Tyto, 139liicayanus, Tyto, 138luciae, Helminthophaga, 528Thalurania, 180Vermivora, 528lucianus, Butorides, 26lucida, Dendrocygna, 34Strix, 156lucidum, Syrnium, 156ludibunda, Amazilia, 182lugens, Pterodroma, 12iiggeri, Tyrannus, 276Jugubris, Myrmoborus, 254lulu, Strix, 138Tyto, 138Inminosus, Quiscalus, 564hinata. Sterna, 96lurida, Dendroica, 539luridus, Rallus, 73Luscinia, 417abbotti, 418gloriosa, 417namiyei, 418pectardens, 417luteiventris, Lophotriccus,292luteola, Ardetta, 30Attila, 263lutescens, Helminthophaga,526Vermivora, 526
INDEX 695
lutetiae, Coeligena, 186luteus, Orthotomus, 453lutosus, Polyborus, 49Lybius, 208albicauda, 208lylei, Chrysophlegma, 214Picus, 214lyogyrus, Cicinnurus, 340lyprum, Dicaeum, 505Lysurus, 628crassirostris, 628M
ma, Strix, 155Syrnium, 155mabbotti, Prunella, 473macdonaldi, Nesomimus, 417macgillivraii, Ammospiza,642Fringilla, 642Sylvia, 542machetes, Turnix, 72macrocarus, Ceyx, 193macrolopha, Cyanocitta, 340Macronous, 377archipelagicus, 377chersonesophilus, 377everetti, 378gularis, 377inveteratus, 377mearnsi, 379minor, 379montanus, 379pontius, 378ruficoma, 378saraburiensis, 377sordidus, 379trichorrhos, 379versuricola, 377zaperissus, 378zopherus, 378batuensis, 379mearnsi, 379saraburiensis, 377Macronyx, 475aurantiigula, 475subocularis, 475vulturnus, 475macronyx, Pipilo, 636Macropsalis kalinowskii, 167macroptera, Sialia, 426Macropteryx leucophaeus,169perlonga, 175spodiopygius, 170Macropygia, 113elassa, 113liypopercna, 113simalurensis, 113Macrosphenus, 454coliinsi, 454flavicans, 454macrospilotus, Hypargos,558macroterus, Artamus, 476
macroura, Zenaidura, 113,114macrourus, Oriolus, 325maculata, Fringilla, 599Grammopsittaca, 125Malacocichla, 429maculatum, Toxostoma, 412Bolborhynchus, 125Butorides, 26Cathanis, 429Colinus, 65Harporhynchus, 412Pheucticus, 599Pipilo, 636Prionochilus, 504Salpinctes, 407maculipectus, Phabotreron,104maculipennis, Larus, 93maculosa, Colluricincla, 317Lalage, 317Nothura, 5madrensis, Columba, 111magdalenae, Thryothorus,395magister, Myiarchus, 278Vireosylvia, 517magna, Acredula, 347Polioptila, 456magnificus, Diphyllodes, 340magnirostris, Buteo, 45Esacus, 91Treron, 101magnoides, Saltator, 590magnus, Aegithalos, 347maingayi, Strix, 155maja, Lonchura, 561major, Campylorhamphus,241Fulica, 81Hyloterpe, 471Palaeornis, 129Psittacula, 129Rostrhamus, 39malabaricus, Dicrurus, 322malaccense, Trichastoma,370malaccensis, Pelargopsis, 193Anthreptes, 489, 490Malacocichla maculata, 429Malacocincla baweana, 372eritora, 372obscurior, 371rufescentior, 371sirensis, 372williamsoni, 371Malacopteron, 372niasense, 372notatum, 372phoeniceum, 372Malaroptila, 203fuliginosa, 203Malacornis niasensis, 372malindangensis, Apoia, 511Brachypteryx, 418Bradypterus, 443Cryptolopha, 452
malindangensis?ContinuedMerula, 436Phylloscopus, 452Prioniturus, 128Pseudotharrhaleus, 443Turdus, 436Zosterops, 511Malindangia mcgregori, 316malleator, Dendrocopos, 228Dyctiopicus, 228mallomicrus, Dissemurus,322mallopega, Hypurolepis, 308mallopercna, Kittacincla,420mallopercnus, Copsychus,420Manacus, 269amitinus, 269purus, 269umbrosus, 269mandarinus, Turdus, 436mandellii, Pellorneum, 368manglecola, Rallus, 74manipurensis, Alcippe, 383raanueli, Lonchura, 561maranensis, Francolinus, 69maratua, Collocalia, 169marchei, Anthracoceros, 202margaritae, Ateleodacnis,525Lampornis, 185Polioptila, 457margaritensis, Drymophila,253margaritophilus, Butorides,27Margarops albiventris, 417dominicensis, 435Margarornis, 244bellulus, 244rubiginosa, 245marginella, Ectopistes, 113Zenaidura, 113mariae, Anthreptes, 493Cardinalis, 595Ptilinopus, 107Rhipidura, 459Richmondena, 595marmoratus, Megascops, 144martini, Picus, 223martinicana, Coereba, 523raartinicensis, Holoquiscalus,564martins, Dryocopus, 216masoni, Pyroderus, 267massoptera, Ilaeraataena,107Ptilinopus, 107massorhinus, Surniculus, 133mathewsi, Sterna, 96maurella, LoxigiUa, 613maxima, Melospiza, 662maximiliani, Clivicola, 309raaxwelliae, Scops, 141mayi, Rhipidura, 459raaynardi, Coccyzus, 135500936?61- -45
696 INDEX
mayensis, Bubo, 147maynardi, Vireo, 511mayonensis, Merula, 436Turdus, 436mayri, Athene, 153Culicicapa, 461Megalairaa, 206Mayromis, 469lessoni, 469mccalli, Ortalida, 55Ortalis, 55mccallii, Scops, 142mcgregori, Edolisoma, 316Malindangia, 316mearnsi, Agelaius, 573Colaptes, 211CoUocalia, 169Cyrtonyx, 68Junco, 650, 652Lanius, 478Mecronous, 379Macronus, 379Melopelia, 115niecistus, Eurylaimus, 232Mecocerculus, 294calopterus, 294euplastus, 294subtropicalis, 297taeniopterus, 294mecynorhyncha, Cinnyris,493Nectarinia, 493media, Chalcopelia, 118Geospiza, 604medianus, Saltator, 590mediocris, Nectarinia, 497,498medius, Turacus, 132Vireo, 515megacyanea, Glauconympha,357Megadyptes, 6antipodes, 6Megalaima, 206cyanotis, 207elbeli, 207euroa, 207henricii, 207mayri, 206
? rana, 206trangensis, 206megalonyx, Pipilo, 631, 633Megalopterus plumbea, 98megalopterus, Campylo-rhynchus, 388Megalurus, 444celebensis, 444mindorensis, 444megaplaga, Loxia, 624Megapodius, 54abbotti, 54balukensis, 54megapotamus, Agelaius, 573megarhyncha, Passerella,661Megarynchus, 275caniceps, 275
megarhynchus, Dendrornis,239Passerella, 661Megascops cineraceus, 143hastatus, 143idahoensis, 140marmoratus, 144pinosus, 144ridgwayi, 143vermiculatus, 145megistus, Cranorrhinus, 201Rhyticeros, 201Meiglyptes, 215azaleus, 215calceuticus, 215fuscus, 215hylodromus, 215infuscatus, 215microterus, 215percnerpes, 215tukki, 215melancerus, Asio, 147melancbima, Arachnothera,502Cutia, 382Melanerpes, 217angustifrons, 217bairdi, 217blakei, 220brewsteri, 218frontalis, 219fumosus, 219leei, 219neglectus, 220nyeanus, 220pauper, 219pygmaeus, 220rubricapillus, 220santacruzi, 219striatipectus, 217, 218subfusculus, 220uropygialis, 218veraecrucis, 219melanetra, Aethopyga, 501melania, Oceanodroma. 15Melaniparus fricki, 345Melanitta, 37perspicillata, 38Melanobucco abbotti, 208Melanocephalus, Pheucticus,500melanocorys, Calamospiza,637melanogenys, Basileuterus,552melanocleucos, Pycnonotus,357melanoleucus, Cypselus, 174melanomus, Plectrophanes,667melanops, Buarremon, 627Centropus, 137Geothlypis, 544melanoptera, Dendroica, 532Dendroeca, 532Sterna, 96
melanopygius, Lanio, 584melanorrhoa, Chalybura, 184Melanotis, 413longirostris, 413melanotis, Basileuterus, 352Zonotrichia, 643melanurus, Copsychus, 419,420melathe, Dicaeum, 505Meleagris, 72merriami, 72melicus, Saltator, 592meligera, Anorthura, 403meligerus, Troglodytes, 403Melignothes meliphilus, 208meliphilus, Melignothes, 208meliphonus, Catherpes, 408melitophrys, Vireolanius, 480Melittophagus, 201loringi, 201meUea, Brachyspiza, 659Zonotrichia, 659melleus, Hylophilus, 519meloda, Columba, 115Zenaida, 115Melopelia mearnsi, 115melopogenys, Dendrophassa,102Treron, 102Melospiza, 661adusta, 666amaka, 662atlantica, 666caurina, 663clementae, 665cooperi, 665ericrypta, 661euphonia, 666fallax, 666fisherella, 664georgiana, 661goldmani, 666gouldii, 664
.craminea, 665heermanni, 665inexspectata, 663insignis, 662kenaiensis, 663maxima, 662mexicana, 666montana, 665morphna, 663nigrescens, 661pectoralis, 666pusillula, 665samuelis, 664Melozone, 637kieneri, 637memorabilis, Dendroica, 536menagei, Batrachostomus,159Chibia, 322Dicrurus, 322Gallicolumba, 122Phlogoenas, 122meninting, Alcedo, 192
INDEX G97
raentalis, Celeus, 212Dendrornis, 239Muscisaxicola, 271Ocypterus, 476Xiphorhynchus, 239meridensis, Pheucticus, 599meridianus, Dumetella, 414meridionalis, Aidemosyne,560Lonchura, 560Scolopax, 88Sterna, 94Merops, 201donaldsoni, 201superciliosus, 201merriami, Cyrtonyx, 68Meleagris, 72meruensis, Chlorocichla, 362Merula differens, 439graysoni, 439intermedia, 436kelleri, 436malindangensis, 436mayonensis, 436tamaulipensis, 439meruloides, Dendrocincla,233mesata, Hypurolepis, 308mesatus, Butorides, 27Pipilo, 636mesembrinus, Asio, 147mesochloa, Dendrophassa,102mesophanis, Caprimulgus,166mesoxantha, Zosterops, 508messatius, Dissemurus, 322messeris, Artamides, 315messopora, Butreron, 101Metallura, 187iracunda, 187purpureicauda, 187Methriopterus occidentalis,412mexicana, Ara, 124Certhia, 353Fringilla, 620Henicorhina, 405Melospiza, 666Sicalis, 624Sitta, 350Spizella, 654Streptoprocne, 172mexicanus, Attila, 263Catharus, 429Catherpes, 408Coturniculus, 646Crypturellus, 4Morococcyx, 136Nyctibius, 159Vireo,514Zarhynchus, 562Mezobucco gigantorhinus,208miamensis, Thryothorus, 390michleri, Pittasoma, 259
Micralhene, 151graysoni, 151sanfordi, 151whitneyi, 151microbalia, Cerchneis, 52Microcerculus, 409daulias, 409orpheus, 409pectoralis, 409philomela, 409squamulatus, 409Microcliera, 184parvirostris, 184microleuca, Cinnyris, 496Nectarinia, 496Microligea, 542vasta, 542microlophus, Dicrurus, 323,324Dissemurus, 323micromelaena, Aegithina,355micromeris, Chordeiles, 160Micropallas Sanfordi, 151socorroensis, 151Micropternus, 213celaenephis, 213williamsoni, 213microrhyncha, Geothlypis,546microrhynchus, Aegialitis,83Microscelis guglielmi, 365impar, 367innectens, 364lekhakuni, 364remotum, 367simulator, 364microsoma, Halocyptena, 16Microtarsus abbotti, 357chysophorus, 357hyperemnus, 357proximus, 357microterus, Meiglyptes, 215micrus, Pycnonotus, 359Vireo, 511migrans, Lanius, 477militaris, Leistes, 575Mimocichla, 435eremita, 435rubripes, 435schistacea, 435Mimodes, 414graysoni, 414Mimus, 414bahamensis, 414canadatus, 414gundlachii, 414gracilis, 415guatemalensis, 415hillii, 415lawrencei, 415leucophaeus, 416leucopterus, 414longicaudatus, 416patagonicus, 416
Mimus?Continuedperuvianus, 416rostratus, 416tricosus, 416niindanensis, Brachypteryx,418Geocichla, 440Rhinomyias, 462Buceros, 202Caprimulgus, 166Pardaliparus, 344Parus, 344mindorensis, Cyornis, 466Dicrurus, 321Hyloterpe, 471Megalurus, 444Muscicapa, 466Pachycephala, 471miniatus, Myioborus, 549minima, Anhinga, 23Branta, 33Dacelo, 198Elaenia, 296Hylocichla, 432minimus, Empidonax, 285Myiopagis, 296Psaltriparus, 348Pyrocephalus, 273Minla, 383croizati, 383minnesoticola, Geothlypis,543minor, Alauda, 307Cissopis, 590Colinus, 66Halcyon, 194Lophotriccus, 292Macronous, 379Monasa, 204Otocompsa, 358Pycnonotus, 359Rhopodytes, 135minythomelas, Pericrocotus,320minus. Electron, 199minuta, Ptilocichla, 374minutissiraa, Strix, 150minutissimum, Glaucidium,150Mionectes, 299olivaceus, 299semischistaceus, 299miotera, Gracula, 485mira, Porzana, 76mirabilis, Ammospiza, 643Catharus, 430Cyanolyca, 334Thryospiza, 643Mirafra, 300Candida, 300pulpa, 300subsessor, 300mirificus, Caprimulgus, 166missouriensis, Lophophanes,345mistus, Muscadivores, 108
698 INDEX
mitrata, Aratinga, 124mitratus, Conurus, 124Mitrephanes, 290eminulus, 290Mitrephorus aurantiventris,290pallescens, 289Mixomis archipelagica, 377chersonesophila, 377everetti, 378inveterata, 377pontia, 378ruficoma, 378versuricola, 377zaperissa, 378zaptera, 378zarhabdota, 377zophera, 378miza, Dendrophassa, 103Treron, 103mnionophilus, Premnoplex,245mocquerysi, Colinus, 67modesta, Arachnothera, 503Myrmotherula, 253modestus, Geothlypis, 544mofStti, Branta, 33mohun, Mulleripicus, 216molochinus, Myioborus, 549Molothrus, 562fringillarius, 563rufo-axillaris, 562venezuelensis, 562moluccensis, Dendrocopos,223molybdophanes, Ptiliogonys,475Ptilogonys, 475Momotus, 200exiguus, 200goldmani, 200lessonii, 200reconditus, 200saturatus. 200spatha, 200Monarcha cinereus, 469galerita, 467Monasa, 203fidelis, 203minor, 204morphoeus, 204pallescens, 204rikeri, 204similis, 203solateri, 204nionensis, Agelaius, 574moniliger, Formicarius, 256monocerata, Cerorhinca, 100montana, Anabacerlhia, 246Atticora, 312Certhia, 352Dicruropsis, 321Hesperiphona, 606Hypothymis, 467Melospiza, 665Pinicola, 617
montanus, Anabates, 246Dicrurus, 321J unco, 650Macronous, 379Monticola, 424tenuis, 424inonticola, Hypsipetes, 366lole, 366montigena, Muscicapula, 463montivagans, Leptasthenura,242montosa, Haplospiza, 626Lamprocorax, 485montosus, Aplonis, 485moorei, Ixobrychus, 30morator, Corydon, 233morcomi, Atthis, 189Dendroica, 531morenoi, Contopus, 283Morococcyx, 136mexicanus, 136morphna, Melospiza, 663morphoeus, Monasa, 204morrisoni, Aramides, 76morrisonia, Alcippe, 384mortoni, Cinclus, 385Motacilla, 473alascensis, 473Mulleripicus, 216celadinus, 216mohun, 216mundus, Oriolus, 325Munia particeps, 561simalurensis, 561zapercna, 562muriei, Lagopus, 56murinus, Baeolophus, 346murivagans, Creciscus, 77Laterallus, 77musarum, Arachnothera, 504Muscadivora langhomei, 110Mucadivores arhadius, 108babiensis, 109diatropurus, 108mistus, 108palmasensis, 110polius, 108vicinus, 109zamydrus, 109mychophilus, Otus, 142Muscicapa, 463belli, 553brasierii, 552derhamii, 549fulvifrons, 289glaucicomans, 465griseisticta, 463jerdoni, 465jugosae, 464karimatensis, 466lampra, 465lawrenceii, 280lekhakuni, 465leucomus, 549mindorensis, 466oatesi, 465
Muscicapa?Continuedrabori, 464rubrifrons, 548rufigastra, 466rupatensis, 465samarensis, 464strophiata, 463submoniliger, 463texensis, 275traillii, 284turcosa, 465muscicapa, Gerygone, 442Muscicapula montigena, 463samarensis, 464Muscigralla, 274brevicauda, 274Muscipeta cyaniceps, 458Muscisaxicola, 270capistrata, 270flavinucha, 270garretti, 270hatched, 270mentalis, 271occipitalis, 270Muscitrea nesiotis, 470rausicus, Copsychus, 422Nannorchilus, 406Thryothorus, 400Troglodytes, 400mutabilis, Smaragdolanius,481Vireolanius, 481Myadestes, 426cinereus, 426coloratus, 427dominicanus, 427insularis, 426occidentalis, 427sibilans, 427solitarius, 427townsendi, 426unicolor, 428myadestina, Phaeornis, 429Mycerobas, 606fratris-regis, 606Myiadestes unicolor, 428sibilans, 427solitarius, 427Myiagra, 469albiventris, 469townsendi, 469Myiarchus, 277actiosus, 280audens, 280brachyurus, 278coalei, 281cooperi, 278flammulatus, 281magister, 278nelsoni, 278nugator, 278nuttingi, 277oberi, 279olivascens, 280pelzelni, 279pertinax, 277
INDEX 699Myiarchus?Continuedplatyrhynchus, 281querulus, 280sclateri, 279tresmariae, 280tuberculifer, 281yucatanensis, 279Myioburus, 549aurantiacus, 549hallux, 550comptus, 549miniatus, 549molochinus, 549torquatus, 550Myiodynastes, 275hemichrysus, 275insolens, 275superciliaris, 275Myiopagis jaliscensis, 296minimus, 296Myiothlypis flaveolus, 551Myiozetetes, 275texensis, 275Myopagis yucatanensis, 296Myophonus, 441changensis, 442rileyi, 441temminckii, 441Myospiza, 638paUidula, 638xanthornus, 638Myrmeciza, 255berlepschi, 256cassini, 255disjuncta, 256exsul, 255intermedia, 255laemosticta, 255occidentalis, 255panamensis, 255stictoptera, 255zeledoni, 256Myrmelastes cassini, 255Myrmoborus, 254lugubris, 254Myrmorchilus, 253suspicax, 253Myrmotherula, 252modesta, 253schisticolor, 252, 253mystacea, Geotrygon, 121Myzomela, 487dichromata, 487juga, 487jugularis, 487nigriventris, 487saffordi, 487N
naevius, Actidurus, 90namiyei, Dendrocopos, 222Dryobates, 222Icoturus, 418Luscinia, 418nana, Hylocichla, 431
nangka, Heteroxenicus, 418Nannorchilus, 406musicus, 406NaiiDus kiskensis, 403petrophilus, 403puUus, 404stevensoni, 404tanagensis, 403nanum, Glaucidium, 150nanus, Empidonax, 513Pyrocephalus, 272Vireo, 513, 514Xiphorhynchus, 238napaeum, Camptostoma, 297Ornithion, 297nassovicus, Pericrocotus, 319Napothera, 374calcicola, 374granti, 374griseigularis, 374natalensis, Cossypha, 423nativitatis, Puffinus, 10naumanni, Fratercula, 100navassae, Chaemepelia, 117Columbigallina, 117nearctica, Aythya, 36nebouxii, Sula, 18nebularia, Tringa, 86nebulosa, Rhipidura, 459nectarea, Coereba, 522Nectarinia, 492abbotti, 497aldabrensis, 497axantha, 494blicki, 497brasiliana, 493calcostetha, 494changamwensis, 492eumecis, 494heliozeteta, 495idius, 498javanica, 490johnstoni, 498jugularis, 496klossi, 495lamperti, 493lathburyi, 499mecynorhyncha, 493mediocris, 497, 498microleuca, 496nectarinioides, 498polyclysta, 495proselia, 495proxima, 495suahelica, 498talautensis, 494whistleri, 493woodi, 497nectarinioides, Cinnyris, 498Nectarinia, 498Nectris amaurosoma, 10negatus, Pycnonotus, 358neglecta, Sturnella, 576neglectus, Lepidocolaptes,240Melanerpes, 220
neglectus?^ContinuedParus, 344Picolaptes, 240Salpinctes, 407nelsoni, Ammospiza, 641Cassidix, 565Dendrocopos, 225Dryobates, 225Eupherusa, 183Habia, 583Heleodytes, 388Hylophilus, 520Icterus, 567Lagopus, 59Lanius, 478Larus, 94Lochmias, 249Myiarchus, 278Nyctidromus, 161Pacyhsylvia, 520Phaethornis, 176Phloeoceastes, 231Phoenicothraupis, 583Polioptila, 456Scapaneus, 231Scaphidurus, 565Sitta, 350Sterna, 96Vireo, 514nemorivaga, Pterontochos,261neocara, Cyanoderma, 376neophora, Entomothera, 191Nephoecetes, 173borealis, 173costaricensis, 173niger, 174nesaea, Cyornis, 465nesaeus, Anthreptes, 489nesiarcha, Conopoderas, 449nesiarchus, Artamides, 315Copsychus, 422nesiotes, Clytorhynchus, 470Copsychus, 422Pinarolestes, 470nesiotica, Aegithina, 355nesiotris, Muscitrea, 470Nesochen, 34sandvicensis, 34Nesoctites, 210abbotti, 210nesodramus, Lamprocorax,484nesoeca, Ramphalcyon, 193Nesomimus, 417niacdonaldi, 417personatus, 417nesophasma, Dendrophassa,103nesophila, Cr>'ptoIopha, 452nesophilus, Carpodacus, 608Phylloscopus, 452Thryomanes, 397Nesopsar, 574nigerrimus, 574
700 INDEXNesopingus, 588speculiferus, 588Nesotriccus, 281ridgwayi, 281Nesotrochis, 76debooyi, 76neutralis, Agelaius, 571nevadensis, Amphispiza, 648Poospiza, 648niasensis, Malacornis, 372nichollsi, Chrysotis, 127nicobarica, Hypothymis, 467Rhinomyias, 461Zosternps, 509niger, Nephoecetes, 174nigerrima, Hypsipetes, 367nigerrimus, Hypsipetes, 367Icterus, 574Nesopsar, 574nigra, Lalage, 317nigrans, Euphagiis, 565Ammodromus, 642Ammospiza, 642Certhia, 353Dendroica, 536Melospiza, 661Strix, 139Sylvia, 536Tyto, 139nigrescentior, Stachyris, 375nigricapillus, Formicarius,257Perisoreus, 332nigricaudatus, Campylo-rhynchus, 388Heleodytes, 388nigriceps, Polioptila, 456nigrifrons, Centropus, 137Chlorophoneus, 479Chlorospingus, 589Dendroica, 536Hemispingus, 589nigrifumosa, Synallaxis, 243nigrilora, Panila, 529nigripectus, Colinus, 65nigrirostris, Tardus, 439nigriventris, Eupherusa, 184Myzomela, 487Phoenicophaeus, 135nigrogularis, Colinus, 66nigrostriatus. Oriolus, 324nihonensis. Charadrius, 83Niltava nobilis, 465smithi, 465nilotica, Cisticola, 446nimia. Anas, 36Ninox, 152centralis, 152proxima, 152randi, 152spilonota, 152spilonotus, 152venatica, 152nipalense, Pellorneum, 368nisorium, Edolisoma, 316nitidissimus, Tachyphonus,585
nitidus. Troglodytes, 401nivarius, Phrygilus, 626niveicauda, Eupherusa, 184niveiventris, Dendroeca, 537niveoguttatus, Hypargos, 558nivicola, Strix, 155nivipetens, Strix, 155nobilis, Niltava, 465noctipetens, Asio, 157noctivigulus, Caprimulgus,162Noctua venatica, 152Nonnula, 203stulta, 203notabilis, Seiurus, 541Siurus, 541notatum, Malacopteron, 372Nothocercus, 3discrepans, 3frantzii, 3Nothura, 5maculosa, 5savannarum, 5notius, Salpinctes, 407Synallaxis, 242novaezealandiae, Limosa, 85nubigena, Certhia, 353nudigenis, Turdus, 439nugator, Myiarchus, 278nullitorques, Dacelo, 199Numenius, 85femoralis, 85tahitiensis, 85nuntius, Orthotomus, 453nuttalli, Picus, 226Zonotrichia, 658nutallii, Corvus, 329Dendrocopos, 226Pica, 329Leptotila, 119Myiarchus, 277nyaritensis, Agelaius, 573Nyctala scotaea, 158Nyctanassa, 29caliginis, 29Nyctea, 148arctica, 148scandiaca, 148Nyctibius, 159abbotti. 159costaricensis, 159mexicanus, 159panamensis, 159Nyctidromus, 161insularis, 161nelsoni, 161sumichrasti, 162yucatanensis, 162nyctilampis, Drymocatophus,369Pellorneum, 369nyctiphasma, Strix, 155Nyctiphrynus, 162ocellatus, 162Nyctiprogne, 161exigua, 161latifascia, 161
nyeanus, Centurus, 220Melanerpes, 220ooaxacae, Antrostomus, 163Caprimulgus, 163Dendrortyx, 63Eremophila, 307Otocoris, 307oberholseri, CoUocalia, 171Empidonax, 285Pseudocolaptes, 245Thry^othorus, 391Toxostoma, 413oberi. Dysithamnus, 252Icterus, 566Myiarchus, 279Rhinoptynx, 157objurgans, Prinia, 447oblectans, Garrulax, 381oblitus, Pycnonotus. 361obscura, Elaenia, 295obscurus, Ammodramus, 640Buceros, 202Perisoreus, 332Platypsaris, 267obsoletus, Accipiter, 41Astur, 41Dendrocolaptes, 236RaUus, 73Salpinctes, 406obscura. Anas, 35Helminthophaga, 527Polioptila, 455Speotyto, 153obscurior, Malacocincla, 371Orthotomus, 453obscurius, Trichastoma, 371obscurus, Heleodytes, 389obscurus, Quiscalus, 565Regulus, 458ocai, Pipilo, 636occidentale, S>Tnium, 156Toxostoma, 412occidentalis, Aechmophorus,7Ardea, 25Benicla, 33Branta, 33Certhia, 351Coccyzus, 134Dendroica, 537Empidonax, 287Falco. 52Heleodytes, 390Methriopterus, 412Myadestes, 427Mvrmeciza, 255Panis, 341Podiceps, 7Sialia, 424Strix, 156Vanellus, 82occipitalis, Muscisaxicola,270Pelecanus, 16
INDEX 701
occularis, Rhynomyias, 462Oceanites, 14gracilis, 14Oceanodroma, 14ciyptoleucura, 14homochroa, 15melania, 15plumbea, 15socorroensis, 15townsendi, 15ocellatus, Caprimulgus, 162Cyrtonyx, 68Nyctiphrynus, 162ochotensis, Locustella, 449ochraceiceps, Hylophilus,520ochraceus, Criniger, 364Troglodytes, 401oclirocara, Sylvietta, 445ochrocephalus, Centronyx,641ochrolaemus, Anabates, 248ochrommatus, Orthotomus,454ochroptila, Kittacincla, 420ochroptilus, Copsychus, 420ochropyrrha, Aethopyga, 501ochrothorectis, Entomothera,194Halcyon, 194ochroxanthus, Oriolus, 324Ochthoeca, 271acrophila, 294rubellula, 271rubicundulus, 271ocista, Collocalia, 169ocularis, Helminthophaga,527Ocyalus, 562ocyptera, Hemiprocne, 175Ocypterus mentalis, 476superciliosus, 476odious, Thryothorus, 394Odonlophorus, 67coxisobrinus, 67guttatus, 67oedica, Hylocichia, 432Oena, 118anonyma, 118capensis, 118Oenoenas chiriquensis, 112oenopa, Cinnyris, 493Oestrelata fisheri, 12kidderi, 12sandwichensis, 12Oidemia stejnegeri, 37olax, Treron, 192Olbiorchilus amurensis, 402idius, 402peninsulae, 402oligista, Ardea, 24Oligura, 443ripleyi, 443olivaoea, Chamaeza, 257Entomiza, 486Passerella, 660Sylvia, 530
olivaceocauda, Aglaeactis,186olivaceum, Chalcostigma,187olivaceus, Mionectes, 299Ramphomicron, 187Regulus, 457olivascens, Catharus, 430Gymnopithys, 257Myiarchus, 280Pithys, 257olizurus, Dissemurus, 323omeiensis, Liocichla, 382Yuhina, 383omiltemensis, Catharus, 430Xiphocolaptes, 235ontarionicola, Geothlypsis,542Onychotes gruberi, 45opertaneus, Catharus, 430ophellochlora, Gracula, 485opistatus, Anaimos, 504opisthisa, Kittacincla, 420opisthochra, Kittacincla, 419opisthocyanea, Hypothymis,469opisthomelas, PufEnus, 11opisthopela, Kittacincla, 420opisthopelus, Copsychus, 420opthalmicus, Chlorospingus,588opuntia, Amphispiza, 647oratrix, Amazona, 127Orchilus atricapillus, 292oreas, Geotrygon, 121oregana, Fringilla, 650oreganus, Junco, 650oregonus, Pipilo, 631Oreocincla affinis, 440oreodrama, Otocoris, 301Oreomanes, 525binghami, 525fraseri, 525Oreomyza bairdi, 520Oreopeleia beattyi, 121carrikeri, 121oreophasma, Piranga, 580Oreortyx, 63palmeri. 63Oreotriccus, 298orestera, Vermivora, 526Zonotrichia, 659orientalis. Passer, 555Pogonocichla, 423orienticola. Electron, 199orientis, Tephrodornis, 318origensis, Collocalia, 167orina, Coeligena, 186orinocensis, Thlypopsis, 588orinoma. Anas, 35orinomus, Cnemarchus, 271Querquedula, 35Oriolus, 324diffusus, 324eustictus, 325frontalis, 325invisus, 324
Oriolus?Continuedlamprochryseus, 325macrourus, 325niundus, 325nigrostriatus, 324ochroxanthus, 324richmondi, 325steerii, 324orius, Dendrocopos, 224Dryobates, 224orizabae, Pipilo, 636ornata, Hemithraupis, 587ornatus, Calcarius, 667Hemithraupis, 587Pachyrhamphus, 265Ornithion napaeum, 297subilavum, 297Oporornis, 542austinsmithi, 542tolmiei, 542Orpheus, Microcerculus, 409orphna. Anas, 35orphnum, Camptostonia, 297Ortalida mccalli, 55Ortalis, 55adpersa, 55mccalli, 55pallidiventris, 55Orthorhamphus scommo-phorus, 91Orthotomus, 453atrogularis, 453baeus, 453cagayanensis, 454concinnus, 454eumelas, 453eupolius, 453hesperius, 453heterolaemus, 453luteus, 453nuntius, 453obscurior, 453ochrommatus, 454ruficeps, 453, 454Ortyx graysoni, 65oryzivorus, Dolichonyx, 576Oryzoborus, 616funereus, 616nuttingi, 616salvini, 616osberti, Chlorostilbon, 178osburni, Laletes, 516Osmotreron andamanica, 102Othyphantes fricki, 557Otocompsa minor, 358Otocoris actia, 305adusta, 306alpina, 304ammophila, 306aphrasta, 307arcticola, 301argalea, 301diaphora, 307enertera, 305cnthymia, 302insularis, 304leucansiptila, 306
702 INDEXOtocoris?Continuedoaxacae, 307oreodrama, 301pallida, 306perissa, 301sierrae, 304Otocorys arenicola, 302giraudi, 303praticola, 303rubeus, 305strigata, 303Otus, 140alticola, 145atricapillus, 146brewsteri, 141caecus, 140cassini, 144cineraceus, 143clazus, 143cnephaeus, 141cooperi, 145distans, 140enganensis, 140guatemalae, 144hasbroucki, 142hastatus, 143helleri, 145hypnodes, 141idahoensis, 140kennicottii, 141lemurum, 141niychophilus, 142pintoi, 146sibutuensis, 140steerei, 140trichopsis, 143urabra, 140vermiculatus, 145oviedo, Dulus, 476owstoni, Terpsiphone, 470Oxyura, 38jamaicensis, 38oyapocensis, Thryothorus,394 Ppachistorhinus, Aplonis,484Lamprocorax, 484pachistus, Dissemurus, 323Pachycephala, 470apoensis, 471basilanica, 472flavifrons, 472mindorensis, 471pluviosa, 472vandepolli, 470winchelli, 471Pachyramphus, 265itzensis, 265ornatus, 265similis, 265uropygialis, 265Pachysylvia brevipennis,520nelsoni, 520pallidipectus, 520
pacifica, Amphispiza, 647Erolia, 90Hemiura, 406Pelidna, 90Procellaria, 9paciflcus, Attila, 263Bubo, 147Thamnophilus, 250Troglodytes, 404pagana, Entomothera, 194paganica, Aethostoma, 370paganus, Stachyridopsis, 375pagense, Dicaeum, 505pagensis, Kittacincla, 420pagicola, Chalcostetha, 494pagiensis, Copsychus, 422pagodarum, Arachnothera,504Pagodroma, 13pealei, 13Pagolla beldingi, 84cinnamomina, 84Palaeornis major, 129palawanensis, Dicrurus, 322pallens, Butalis, 463Vireo, 513pallescens, Anorthura, 402Bubo, 147Campylorhynchus, 387Chamaepelia, 117Columbigallina, 117Corydon, 233Dicaeum, 504Mitrephorus, 289Monasa, 204Piprisoma, 504Rhynchotus, 4Troglodytes, 402palliatus, Junco, 649pallida, Aimophila, 644Doleromya, 181Hirundo, 309Otocoris, 306Petrochelidon, 309Quelea, 557Spizella, 654Stelgidocichla, 362pallidicaudus, Asio, 158pallidicincta, Cupidonia, 61pallidicinctus, Tympanu-chus, 61pallidior, Dicaeum, 507Passerina, 601pallidipectus, Pachysylvia,520pallidius, Dicaeum, 507pallidiventris, Ortalis, 55pallidula, Myospiza, 638pallidulus, Badileuterus, 554pallidus, Polyborus, 49Thryothorus, 395Turdus, 473palloris, Coccyzus, 134palmarum, Glaucidiuni, 149Phaenicophilus, 587palmasensis. Ducula, 110Muscadivores, 110
palmeri, Exoalfactoria, 71Halcyon, 196Oreotyx, 63Sauropatis, 196paloduro Baeolophus, 345Paras, 345palpebralis, Geothlypis, 547paludicola, Cistothorus, 386Dendroica, 540palustris, Spermophila, 615Sporophila, 615pamirensis, Aegialitis, 84Charadrius, 84pammicrus, Pycnonotus, 361pammictus, Hemitriccus, 293Phylloscartes, 293Pampa excellens, 177pamprepta, Topaza, 185panamensis, Dendroeca, 533Formicarius, 257Myrmeciza, 255Nyctibiiis, 159Picumnus, 209Tachyphonus, 585panayensis, Pardaliparus,344panerythrus, Philydor, 247Panychlora parvirostris, 184panochra, Butieron, 101panopsia, Anthreptes, 492Chalcoparia, 492papago, Hedymeles, 600p?radisaea. Sterna, 95paradiseus, Dicrurus, 322paradisi, Terpsiphone, 470paraguae, Anthreptes, 490paraterma, Hypotaenidia, 75Pardaliparus guimarasensis,344mindanensis, 344panayensis, 344suluensis, 345parishi, Loxigilla, 613parkmanii. Troglodytes, 399pars, Arachnothera, 503particeps, Lonchura, 561Mimia, 561Parula, 528americana, 528cirrha, 530graysoni, 529insularis, 529nigrilora, 529speciosa, 530parulus, Spizitornis, 293Parus, 341affabilis, 346albescens, 341, 344bicolor, 345caliginosus, 343carolinensis, 342cineraceus, 346coUetti, 341dresseri, 342elegans, 344fascia tus, 354gambeli, 343
INDEX 703Parus?Continuedhensoni, 342hudsonicus, 343inornatus, 346leucotis, 550mindanensis, 344neglectus, 344occidentalis, 341paloduro, 345practicus, 341rabbittsi, 343ridgwayi, 346rufescens, 343seebohmi, 342sennetti, 345septentrionais, 341thayeii, 342turneri, 341ungava, 343parva, Himatione, 520Loxops, 520Spermophila, 615Sporophila, 615parvipes, Branta, 33parvirostris, Aechmorhyn-chus, 85Ivlicrochera, 184Panychlora, 184Procellaria, 12Tringa, 84parvula, Chaeraepelia, 118parvus, Dryocopus, 216Thriponax, 216pasadenensis, Harporhyn-chus, 413pascuus, Corvus, 328Passer, 555dilutus, 556fulgens, 556hepaticus, 556ignoratus, 556orientalis, 555saturatus, 555soror, 555Passerculus, 639alaudinus, 639beldingi, 639brunnescens, 639bryanti, 639caboti, 661guttatus, 639sanctorum, 639Passerella, 659altivagans, 659annectens, 660fuliginosa, 660insularis, 660megarhyncha, 661megarhynchus, 661olivacea, 660townsendi, 660schistacea,660zaboria, 659Passerherbulus howelli, 641Passerina, 601indigotica, 600pallidior, 601
Passerina?Continuedpulchra, 601rositae, 601sumichrasti, 601passoihina, Butreron, 101Treron, 101patagonica, Athene, 154patagonicus, Mimus, 416patriciae, Timalia, 379patruelis, Ardea, 28pattani, Pycnonotus, 358paulus, Corvus, 328pauper, Camarhynchus, 604Centurus, 219Melanerpes, 219Pauxi, 54gilliardi, 54pavida, Cindocerthia, 417pavoninus, Dromococcyx,137pealei, Falco, 51Halcyon, 198Pagodroma, 13peasei, Pycnonotus, 359pectardens, Luscinia, 417pectinicauda, Scolopax, 83pectoralis, Automolus, 247Glyphorhynchus, 235Melospiza, 666Miciocerculus, 409Peristera, 123Pediocaetes kennicolli, 61Pedioecetes, 60canipestris, 61caurus, 60kennicotti, 61pega, Treron, 101pekinensis, Alauda, 300pelagicus, Phalacrocorax, 22Pelargopsis, 193cyanopteryx, 193malaccensis, 193sinialurensis, 193smithi, 194sodalis, 193, 194Pelecanoides, 16chathamensis, 16Pelecanus, 16californicus, 17erythrorhynchos, 16occipitalis, 16urinator, 17Pelidna pacifica, 90Pelionetta trowbridgii, 38pellochlora, Dendrophassa,103pellogyna, Kittacincla. 419pellogynus, Copsychus, 419pellonota, Culicicapa, 460pellopira, Culicicapa, 461pelloptilus, Anthreptes, 489Pellorneum, 368acrum, 368chtlionium, 368cinnamomeum, 369deiguani, 369dilloni, 369
Pellorneum?Continuedelbeli, 369euroum, 369indistinctum, 368insularum, 368mandellii, 368nipalense, 368nyctilampis, 369scortillum, 369smithi, 369stageri, 368pellum, Cyanoderma, 376pelonota, Amniospiza, 642Thryospiza, 642pelzeini, Myiarchus, 279Penelope adspersa, 55penicillatus, Phalacrocorax,21peninsulae, Cuculus, 132Olbiorchihis 402Pyrrhuloxia, 599Troglodytes, 402peninsularis, Falco, 52Habia, 584Phoenicothraupis, 584Prinia, 443Troglodytes, 399Penthestes guilloti, 342practicus, 341percemis, Acrocephalus, 450Conopoderas, 450percna. Anas, 35Loxia, 624percnerpes, Meiglyptes, 215percnocara, Culicicapa, 460percnopterus, Xenicopsis,246percnus, Thryomanes, 398percus, Dendrocopos, 228Dryobates, 228Perdix, 70turcomana, 70Pericrocotus, 318deignani, 319griseogularis. 319insulanus, 320intermedins, 318japonicus, 318minythomelas, 320nassovicus, 319sacerdos, 319semiruber, 319separatus, 318suchitrae, 319tegimae, 318thai, 318trophis, 319perionca, Psittacula, 129perioncus, Conurus, 129periopthalmicus, Dicrurus,321periporphyrus, Icterus, 565Perisoreus, 331capitalis, 332connexus, 332fumifrons, 331griseus, 332
704 INDEX
Perisoreus?Continuednigricapillus, 332obscurus, 332rathbuni, 331perissa, Otocoris, 301Perissolalage chalepa, 317Perissotriccus, 292atricapillus, 292peristephes, Halcyon, 199Peristera pectoralis, 123perlonga, Hemiprocne, 175Macropteryx, 175perlutus, Callolophus, 214Picus, 214pernambucensis, Picumnus,210perousii, Ptilinopus, 107perpallida, Cerchneis, 52perpallidus, Ammodramus,640Coturniculus, 640Picus, 213perplexa, Collocalia, 168lole, 365perplexus, Empidonax, 287Hypsipetes, 365perquisitor, Vireo, 511perrygoi, Cyclarhis, 480personatus, Nesomimus, 417perspicillata, Melanitta, 38pertinax, Myiarchus, 277peruana, Carduelis, 620peruanus, Spinus, 620peruviana, Leptasthenura,242peruvianus, Chordeiles, 160Mimus, 416peruviensis, Geospiza, 616Volatinia, 616petechia, Dendroica, 533petenica, Aimophila, 647petersi, Saurothera, 135petiti, Psalidoprocne, 311Petrochelidon hypopolia, 309littorea, 313pallida, 309tachina, 309Petroica, 467pusilla, 467Petrophila tenuis, 424petrophilus, Nannus, 403Troglodytes, 403Peucaea arizonae, 646australis, 645carpalis, 644fusca, 645illinoensis, 645Peucedramus, 530aurantiacus, 531giraudi, 530taeniatus, 531Phabotreron brunneiceps,104cinereiceps, 104frontalis, 104maculipectus, 104
Phacellodomus, 244inornatus, 244phaea, Chamaea, 354i^haenicophilus, 587coryi, 587eurous, 587palmarum, 587poliocephalus, 587tetraopes, 587Phaenostictus, 259phaeocephalus, Pycnonotus,359Phaeomyias, 296eremonoma, 296phaeopyga, Porzana, 77Phaeornis, 429myadestina, 429phaethontoptila, Lonchura,560Uroloncha, 560Phaethornis, 175cassinii, 176curiosus, 176fraterculus, 176nelsoni, 176subrufescens, 176phaia, Bonasa, 60phaios, Bonasa, 60Centrocercus, 62Phalacrocorax, 20albociliatus, 20bransfieldensis, 23brevirostris, 23floridanus, 21pelagicus, 22penicillatus, 21purpuragula, 21resplendens, 22robustus, 21townsendi, 21varius, 23Phalaenoptilus, 162californicus, 162phalara, Dendroplex, 238Xiphorhynchus, 238Phalcoboenus, 48albogularis, 48Phapitreron, 104albifrons, 104brunneiceps, 104cinereiceps, 104frontalis, 104maculipectus, 104samarensis, 104Phasianus, 71buturlini, 71karpowi, 71pheletes Urodynamis, 134phelpsi, Rallus, 74Plieucticus, 599maculatus, 599melanocephalus, 600meridens;s, 599tibialis, 599Philetairus enchorus, 555phileticus, Loriculus, 131
phillipsi, Picus, 224Philodice, 188bryantae, 188evelynae, 188philomela, Microcerculus,409Philydor, 247hylobius, 247panerytbrus, 247rufobrunneus, 248virgatus, 246Phlegopsis, 258bowmani, 258saturata, 259phoenicea, Richmondena,597Phoenicothraupis affinis, 583alfaroana, 583carmioli, 582discolor, 584littoralis, 584nelsoni, 583peninsularis, 584roesus, 582Pholidauges femoralis, 481photina, Aethopyga, 501Phrygilus, 625alaudinus, 626nivarius, 626punensis, 625Phyllastrephus, 363fricki, 363keniensis, 363lonnbergi, 363placidus, 363strepitans, 363Phyllergates heterolaemus,453Phyllomyias, 297quantulus, 297Phyllopneuste kennicotti,451Phylloscartes, 293pammictus, 293Phylloscopus, 450arcanus, 450centralis, 451flavigularis, 451ijimae, 451intensior, 451kennicotti, 451klossi, 451malindangensis, 452nesophilus, 452Phloeoceastes, 231nelsoni, 231Pldoeotomus floridanus, 216Phlogoenas menagei, 122Phlogopsis bowmani, 258Phodilus, 139abbotti, 139arixuthus, 139badius, 139Phoebetria, 9auduboni, 9huttoni, 9
INDEX 705Phoenicophaeus nigriventris,135phoenicurus, Eremobius,241Phoethomis veraecnicis, 175Pica, 329camtschatica, 329nuttallii, 329pickeringii, Carpophaga, 109Ducula, 109Picoides, 229alascensis, 230albidior, 229dorsalis, 230fasciatus, 229, 230picoideus, Dryobates, 224Picolaptes apothetus, 240gracilis, 240insignis, 240neglectus, 240rikeri, 245picturata, Streptopelia, 116Piculus,211aurosus, 211tobagensis, 211Picumnus, 209flavotinctus, 209panamensis, 209pemambucensis, 210Picus,213annamensis, 214arcticus, 230eurous, 213graysoni, 227jessoensis, 213, 214lucasanus, 226lylei, 214martini, 223nuttalii, 226perlutus, 214perpallidus, 213phillipsi, 224rubricapillus, 223weberi, 213williamsoni, 221pileatus, Anous, 98Pinarolestes nesiotes, 470Pinaroloxias, 605inornata, 605pinchoti, Anthracothorax,177Pinicola, 617alascensis, 617flammula, 617kodiaka, 617montana, 617pinicola, Glaucidium, 149pinosus, Megascops, 144pintoi, Otus, 146Pionus, 126tumultuosus, 126Pipilo, 631albigula, 637aUeni, 635aripolius, 636atratus, 633
Pipilo?Continuedcanaster, 634, 635carmani, 634chlorosoma, 636cinerea, 625clementae, 633consobrinus, 633intermedius, 636jamesi, 636leptoleucus, 634macronyx, 636maculatus, 636megalonyx, 631, 633mesatus, 636ocai, 636oregonus, 631orizabae, 636potosinus, 637socorroensis, 634Pipra, 268anthracina, 268bahiae, 269berlepschi, 268chloromeros, 268comata, 268galericulata, 577suavissima, 268Piprisoma diversum, 504pallescens, 504Pipromorpha, 299assimilis, 299Piranga, 580cooperi, 580cozumelae, 581dextra, 580flammea, 582latifasciata, 581oreophasma, 580testacea, 581pirrensis, Capito, 205Pisorliina umbra, 140Pitangus, 277argentinus, 277texanus, 277Pithys olivascens, 257Pitta, 299abbotti, 300coronata, 299cucullata, 299lepta, 300ripleyi, 299Piltasoma, 259michleri, 259zeledoni, 259Pitylus scapularis, 592placens, Elaenia, 296placidus, Phyllastrephus,363Planesticus helleri, 437polius, 437planicola, Richmondena, 593platurus, Dicrurus, 322, 323Platycercus, 131atrogularis, 129fleurieuensis, 131splendens, 130
Platycichla, 428brevipes, 428flavipes, 428Platypsaris, 266albiventris, 266gravis, 266hypophaeus, 267insularis, 266obscurus, 267sumichrasti, 266yucatanensis, 266Platyrhynchus albiventris,469cancrominus, 291insularis, 291Myiarchus, 281Platyrinchus, 291cancrominus, 291insularis, 291Platysteira, 466cryptoleuca, 466jacksoni, 466Plectrophanes melanomus,667townsendi, 660Plectrophenax, 667hyperboreus, 667townsendi, 667Plegadis, 31guarauna, 31ridgwayi, 31plesius, Cistothorus, 387Ploceella hymenaica, 556Ploceus, 556angelorum, 557fricki, 557hymenaicus, 556jucundus, 557pleoxantha, Arachnothera,503plumbea, Culicivora, 456Dendroeca, 540Dendroica, 540Oceanodroma, 15Psaltria, 349Thalassidroma, 15plumbeireps, Pogonotriccus,298plumbeicollis, Aramides, 76plumbeus, Psaltriparus, 349Rostrhamus, 39Vireo,516plumbiceps, Saltator, 591plumulosus, Regulus, 293pluviosa, Pachycephala, 472Podiceps, 6californicus, 6clarkii, 7cooperi, 6holboUii, 6occidentalis, 7Poecilonetta galapagensis, 36Poeoptera, 481kenricki, 481Pogoniulus, 208alius, 208
706 INDEXPogonocichla, 423helleri, 423keniensis, 423orientalis, 423Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps,298zeledoni, 262poilanei, Gecinulus, 215polia, Ducula, 108Estrilda, 559Polihierax, 50homopterus, 50poliocephala, Geothlypis, 546poliocephalus, Phaeni-cophilus, 587polionotus, Arremon, 629Polioptila, 454bairdi, 456bilineata, 456caerulea, 454caesiogaster, 454cinericia, 456Dendrophassa, 103magna, 456margaritae, 457nelsoni, 456nigriceps, 456obscura, 455vanrossemi, 456polioptilus, Catherpes, 408poliosoma, Agriomis, 270Poliospiza, 608kilimensis, 608sordahlae, 608striolata, 608polius, Muscadivores, 108Planesticus, 437pollostus, Anthreptes, 489Polybonis, 48audubonii, 48lutosus, 49pallidus, 49polyclysta, Cinnyris, 495Nectarinia, 495polynesiae. Tetanus, 86Pomatorhinus, 372alius, 373celatus, 373decarlei, 373dfficilis, 373erythrocnemis, 373salimalii, 372sowerbyi, 373stoneae, 373Pomatorhynchus, 478armenus, 478erythropterus, 478ponera, Hypothymis, 468pontia, Mixornis, 378pontilis, Chamaethlypis, 547Junco, 651pontius, Macronous, 378Psittinus, 130Poocaetes confinis, 643Pooecetes, 643confinis, 643Poospiza nevadensis, 648
Popelairia, 177conversii, 177salvini, 177porphyreus, Pycnonotus, 360Porphyrio, 80samoensis, 80vitiensis, 80portlandica, Sterna, 95portoricensis, Asio, 158Certhiola, 522Coereba, 522Gallinula, 80Icterus, 566Porzana, 76alfari, 78coturniculus, 77goldmani, 79hendersoni, 76leucogastra, 78mira, 76phaeopyga, 77vagans, 78vitiensis, 77postocularis, Chlorospingus,
_
589potosina, Aphelocoma, 337potosinus, Pipilo, 637practicus, Parus, 341Penthestes, 341Praedo, 299audax, 290prasiocara, Gracula, 485praticola, Eremophila, 303Otocorys, 303Premnoplex, 245mnionophilus, 245prenticei. Halcyon, 195prevostii, Anthracothorax,177pridii, Chloropsis, 356primrosei, Pycnonotus, 359principalis, Corvus, 326, 327pringlei, Delattria, 185Prinia, 447alhogularis, 448dalatensis, 447delacouri, 448erro, 448extrema, 448halistona, 448objurgans, 447peninsularis, 448rocki, 448prinioides, Cisticola, 446Priocella, 10antarctica, 10Prioniturus, 128malindangensis, 128Prionochilus, 504bicolor, 505maculatus, 504Prionops, 479vinaceigularis, 479Procellaria brevipes, 13Candida, 13columbina, 13gularis, 12
Procellaria?Continucdpacifica, 9parvirostris, 12rostrata, 11tenuirostris, 10Procelsterna, 93saxatilis, 98teretirosti'is, 98procera, Tchitrea, 470Progne, 314chalybea, 314cryptoleuca, 314elegans, 314, 315floridana, 314furcata, 315leucogaster, 314sinaloae, 314subis, 314Promerops, 488ardens, 488prophata, Hypothymis, 468propinqua, Upucerthia, 241Vireosylvia, 516propinquus, Caprimulgus,166propinquus, Turdus, 437proselia, Cinnyris, 495Nectarinia, 495Prosopeia, 129atrogularis, 129splendens, 130prosphora, Fraseria, 466prosthopellus, Copsychus,421provida, Sterna, 96proxima, Alcedo, 192Chalcostetha, 495Nectarinia, 495Ninox, 152proximus, Microtarsus, 357Prunella, 473mabbotti, 473Psalidoprocne, 311petiti, 311Psaltria plumbea, 349psaltria, Carduelis, 622Psaltriparus, 348californicus, 348grindae, 349iulus, 350minimus, 348plumbeus, 349santaritae, 349saturatus, 348Psarisomus, 232cyanicauda, 232divinus, 232Pselliophorus, 626tibialis, 626Pseudochloris connectens,624Pseudocolaptes, 245boissonneautii, 245lawrencii, 245oberholseri, 245
INDEX 707
Pseudonigrita, 555cabanisi, 555kapitensis, 555Pseudotharrhaleus grisci-pectus, 443malindangensis, 443Pseudotriccus, 293berlepschi, 293Pseudozosterops, 510striaticeps, 510Psittacula, 129abbotti, 129cala, 129deliciosa, 126exquisita, 126insularis, 125major, 129perionca, 129vivida, 126psittacula, Camarhynchus,604Psittacus tumultuosus, 126Psittinus, 130abbotti, 130pontius, 130Pternistis, 70infuscatus, 70keniensis, 70kilimensis, 70Pterodronia, 11alba, 12inexpectata, 12lugens, 12rostrata, 11Pteroglossus, 209erythrozonus, 209Fleroptochos nemorivaga,261Pteruthius, 382schauenseei, 382Ptiliogonys molybdophanes,475Ptilinopus, 105bangueyensis, 107coralensis, 105cupidineus, 107fasciatus, 106furcatus, 105mariae, 107massoptera, 107perousii, 107purpuratus, 105Ptilocichla, 374minuta, 374ptilocnemis, Erolia, 90Ptilogonys, 475leucotis, 428molybdophanes, 475townsendi, 426Ptilopus smithsonianus, 105pucherani, Chlorostilbon,178Puffinus, 10auricularis, 11creatopus, 10griseus, 10knudseni, 10
Puffinus?Continuedloyemilleri, 11nativitatis, 10opisthomelas, 11subalaris, 11pulchra, Cissolopha, 334Passerina, 601puUa, Seicercus, 452pullus, Nannus, 404Thryophilus, 392Thryothorus, 392Troglodytes, 404pulpa, Mirafra, 300Pulsatrix, 148austini, 148boliviana, 148chapmani, 148ecuadoreana, 143saturata, 148pulverius, Cistothorus, 337Salpinctes, 406Talmatodytes, 387punctigula, Dendrornis, 239Xipiiorhynchus, 239punctulatus, Chlorospingus,589punensis, Contopus, 283Phrygilus, 625purpuragula, Carbo, 21Phalacrocorax, 21purpuratus, Ptilinopus, 105purpurea, Cyanocitta, 340Treron, 103purpureicauda, Metallura,187purpureotincta, Columba,112puruensis, Chlorestes, 178Chlorostilbon, 178purus, Dendrocopos, 221Manacus, 269pusilla, Loxia, 624Petroica, 467pusillula, Melospiza, 665pusillus, Vireo, 515Pycnonotus arctus, 360atriceps, 357axanthizus, 361baweanus, 357brunneus, 361caecilli, 358chiroplethis. 360chloeodis, 351cyanochrus, 362dcignani, 360elbeli, 358eous, 360erythropthalmos, 361,362favi, 359feyi, 359fricki, 362halizonus, 361hoyi, 358hyperemnus, 357innitens, 359isus, 361
Pycnonotus?Continuedjaml)u, 360kitungensis, 362melanoleucos, 357micrus, 359minor, 359negatus, 358oblitus, 361pammicru?, 361pattani, 358peasei, 359phaeocephalus, 359porphyreus, 360primrosei, 359saturatus, 362simplex, 361suluensis, 360thais,359whistleri, 358williamsi, 362xanthops, 353zaphaeus, 361zapolius, 360pygmaea, Aethia, 100pygmaeus, Centurus, 220Empidonax, 289Melanerpes, 220Pygochelidon, 312cyanoleuca, 312Pygoscelis, 5adeliae, 5Pylirrulagra affinis, 613Pyranga cooperi, 580figlina, 581testacea, 581Pyrgisoma xantusii, 637Pyrocephalus, 272abingdoni, 273carolensis, 272dubius, 273intercedens, 273minimus, 273nanus, 272Pyroderus, 267masoni, 267Pyromelana changam-wensis, 557pyrope, Xolmis, 270Pyrotrogon annamensis, 191Pyrrhoinyias, 290spadix, 290Pyrrhula, 607cassini, 607cassinii, 607steerei, 607wilderi, 607Pyrrhulagra coryi, 613crissalis, 614dominicana, 613Pyrrhuloxia, 598beckhami. 598peninsulae, 599sinuata, 598texana, 598Pyrrhura, 125rupicola. 125pyrrophaea, Stachyris, 376
708 INDEX
quantulus, Phyllomyias, 297quarta, Yuhina, 383quebecicola, Geothlypis,542Quelea, 557pallida, 557Querquedula orinomus, 35querula, Zonotrichia, 656querulus, Myiarchus, 280Quiscalus, 563aeneus, 563aglaeus, 563brachypterus, 564guadeloupensis, 564insularis, 565luminosus, 564obscurus, 565quiscula, 563versicolor, 563quiscula, Quiscalus, 563quisqueyensis, Agelaius, 574quitensis, Tanagra, 577R
rabbittsi, Panis, 343rabori, Muscicapa, 464rabulata, Sauropatis, 197raffertyi, Rhinoptilus, 91raineyi, Geocichla, 441Geokichia, 441Helionympha, 498rainierensis, Lagopus, 59Rallina, 76sepiaria, 76RaUus, 73beldingi, 73caribaeus, 74helius, 74Rallus jouyi, 75limnetis, 74Rallus luridus, 73manglecola, 74obsoletus, 73phelpsi, 74ramsdeni, 75striatus, 75tenuirostris, 73Rallus vafer, 74ralphi, Geothlypis, 546ramalinae, Compsothlypis,528Ramphalcyon arignota, 193cyanopteryx, 193hydrophila, 193isoptera, 194nesoeca, 193smithi, 194Ramphocelus, 580arestus, 580isthmicus, 580Ramphomicron olivaceus,187ramsdeni, Rallus, 75
rana, Megalaima, 206randi, Ninox, 152rathbuni, Perisoreus, 331rava, Acrocephalus, 450Conopoderas, 450raveni, Coracornis, 472Dinopium, 214ravida, Tiaris, 602ravus, Thryophilus, 394reconditus, Momotus, 200rectirostris. Sterna, 97Thalasseus, 98recurvirostris, Halcyon, 198reevei, Turdus, 440regius, Cicinnurus, 340reguloides, Tyrannulus, 262Regulus, 457grinnelli, 457obscurus, 458olivaceus, 457plumulosus, 293reichenowi, Cisticola, 447Reinarda, 174semota, 174religiosa, Gracula, 485Remiz, 347consobrinus, 347japonicus, 347suffusus, 347remota, Arachnothera, 504remotum, Microscelis, 367remotus, Hypsipetes, 367resplendens, Phalacrocorax,22restirostris, Ardea, 24restrictus, Baeolophus, 346Heleodytes, 388Rhamphococcyx, 136centralis, 136Rhegmatorhina, 258gymnops, 258Rhinomyias, 461albigularis, 462eclipis, 462mindanensis, 462nicobarica, 461occularis, 462richmondi, 461samarensis, 462umbratilis, 461, 462Rhinoptilus, 91raffertyi, 91Rhinoptynx, 157oberi, 157Rhinortha, 136chlorophaea, 136facta, 136Rhipidura, 458celsa, 459cyaniceps, 458dryas, 459hutchinsoni, 459mariae, 459Rhipidura mayi, 459nebulosa, 459sauli, 458rhizophorae, Gerygone, 442
Rhodinocichla, 586eximia, 586schistacea, 586rhodopareia, Estrilda, 558Rhopodytes, 135diardi, 135minor, 135Rhynchocyclus, 291brevirostris, 291griseimentalis, 291scotius, 291Rhynchotus, 4arcanus, 4pallescens, 4Rhyticeros, 201megistus, 201ticehursti, 202Rhytiptema, 264holerythra, 264richardsonii, Falco, 51Richmondena, 593aflBnis, 593coccinea, 595floridana, 593ignea, 594littoralis, 596mariae, 595phoenicea, 597planicola, 593saturata, 597sinaloensis, 595superba, 593yucatanica, 596richmondi, Agelaius, 573Aplonis, 484Arremonops, 630Chaetura, 172Hypothymis, 469Lamprocorax, 484Leucippus, 181Oriolus, 325Rhinomyias, 461Spilomis, 47ricinus, Dryonastes, 381ridgwayi, Aegolius, 158Antrostomus, 163Caprimulgus, 163Cotinga, 262Cryptoglaux, 158Dendrocincla, 233Dendrocolaptes, 237Dendrocopos, 228Dryobates, 228Falcinellus, 31Glaucidium, 150Lagopus, 57Megascops, 143Nesotriccus, 281Parus, 346Plegadis, 31Scardafella, 116Stelgidopteryx, 312Thalurania, 180Vermivora, 527rikeri, Berlepschia, 245Monasa, 204Picolaptes, 245
INDEX 709
rileyi, Myophonus, 441Strix, 155ringeri, Demigretta, 29riottei, Leptoptila, 119Riparia, 309chinensis, 311riparia, 309tantilla, 311riparia, Riparia, 309ripleyi, Oligura, 443Pitta, 299Rissa, 94brevirostris, 94septentrionalis, 93robinsoni, Butorides, 27Cardinalis, 597Zenaida, 115robusta, Gracula, 485robustus, Asio, 157Phalacrocorax, 21rocki, Dicrurus, 320Ithaginis, 71Prinia, 448Spelaeomis, 375rodgersii, Fulmarus, 9rodiosternus, Harpactes, 190rodolphei, Stachyris, 375rogersi. Anas, 35CoUocalia, 167Yuhina, 383roosevelti, Estrilda, 559Granatina, 559rosea, Habia, 582roseus, Phoenicothraupis,582rositae, Cyanospiza, 601Passerina, 601rossii, Anser, 32Chen, 32rostrata, Geothlypis, 545Ixocincla, 367Procellaria, 11Pterodroma, 11Speotyto, 153rostratum, Trichastoma, 370,371rostratus, Camarhynchus,604Geothlypis, 545Hypsipetes, 367Mimus, 416Rostrhamus, 39levis, 39major, 39plumbeus, 39sociabilis, 39Rougetius abbotti, 75aldabranus, 75rubea, Eremophila, 305rubecula, Scelorchilus, 261rubellula, Ochthoeca, 271ruber, Ergaticus, 551ruberrimus, Carpodacus, 610rubeus, Otocorys, 305rubicundulus, Octhoeca, 271rubida, Geotrygon, 122rubidus, Carpodacus, 608
rubiginosa, Margarornis, 245rubra, Crax, 54rubricapilhis, Melanerpes,220Picus, 223riibrifrons, Cardellina, 548Muscicapa, 548rubripeda, Sula, 19rubripes, Mimocichla, 435Sula, 19Zenaida, 114rubritorquis, Bucco, 207rufa, Alauda, 305rufescens, Autoniolus, 247Parus, 343Sylvietta, 445Thryothorus, 400Troglodytes, 400rufescentior, Malacocincla,371ruficapilla, Vermivora, 528ruficauda, Anadaenus, 136ruficeps, Orthotomus, 453,454ruficoma, Macronous, 378Mixornis, 378ruficrissa, Dumetella, 414rufidorsalis, Arremon, 629rufigastra, Muscicapa, 466rufilatus, Accipiter, 42rufinucha, Aegialitis, 84rufi-nucha, Atlapetes, 627rufipileus, Colaptes, 210rufitorques, Accipiter, 41Aster, 41rufiventris, Formicivora, 254Geotrygon, 120rufivertex, Dendroica, 531rufo-axillaris, Molothrus,563rufobrunneus, Philydor, 248rufocollaris, Hirundo, 309rufomaculatus, Antrostomus,164rufo-olivacea, Dendrocincla,234rufopileata, Dendroica, 533rufosuperciliata, Syndactyla,246rufula, Chamaea, 354rufus, Heleodytes, 388rupatensis, Cyornis, 465Muscicapa, 465rupestris, Chordeiles, 160Columba, 110rupicola, Conurus, 125Pyrrhura, 125Rupornis gracilis, 46russeus, Thryophilus, 393
sababensis, Terpsiphone,470sabae, Geotrygon, 121sablei, Strix, 156Syrnium, 156
saccharina, Certhiola, 524sacerdos, Pericrocotus, 319sacra. Halcyon, 197saflordi, Myzomela, 487Sakesphorus, 250trinitatis, 250salebrosus. Troglodytes, 404salicamans, Carduelis, 621Spinus, 621salicicola, Hylocichla, 434salimalii, Pomatorhinus, 372Salpinctes, 406exsul, 407guadeloupensis, 406maculatus, 407neglectus, 407notius, 407obsoletus, 406pulverius, 406Saltator, 590coerulescens, 592francescae, 590fulviventris, 592magnoides, 590medianus, 590melicus, 592plumbiceps, 591scotinus, 592suffuscus, 590vigorsii, 591saltuarius, CryptureUus, 3Xiphorhynchus, 239saltuensis, Amazona, 127Grallaria, 260salvadorii, Lichmera, 488salvini, Attila, 263Basileuterus, 554Camarhynchus, 605Caprimulgus, 163Colinus, 66Empidonax, 287Oryzoborus, 616Popelairia, 177Stelgidopteryx, 312salvinii, Icterus, 570samarensis, Muscicapa, 464Muscicapula, 464Phapitreron, 104Rhinomyias, 462samoensis, Gymnomyza, 486Porphyrio, 80samuelis, Ammodroraus, 664Melospiza, 664Sana, Lophortyx, 64san-blasiana, Cissilopha, 334sanctae-martae, Gym-nocichla, 254sancta-martae, Gym-nocichla, 254sancti-thomae, Certhiola,522Coereba, 522sanctorum, Dendrocopos,225Dryobates, 225Passerculus, 639
710 INDEX
sandvicensis, Gallinula, 79Nesochen, 34sandwichensis, Oestrelata,12sanfordi, Lagopus, 58Micrathene, 151Micropallas, 151santacruzi, Melanerpes, 219santaritae, Psaltriparus, 349sanus, Lophortyx, 64sapiens, Crypsirina, 330saraburiensis, Macronous,377Macronus, 377Sarotlirura, 79loringi, 79sartorii, Aimophila, 647Syrnium, 157Sasia, 210hasbroucki, 210saturata, Amazilia, 183Hesperiphona. 606Hirundo, 308 'Phlegopsis, 259Pulsatrix, 148Richmondena, 597Stelgidocichla, 362Streptopelia, 116saturatior, Colaptes, 210saluratum, Trichastoma, 370saluratus, Arremon, 629Bubo, 146Butorides, 25Caprimulgus, 164Cardinalis, 597Cuculus, 133Momolus, 200Passer, 555Psaltriparus, 348Pycnonotus, 362Thamnistes, 251Turtur, 116Xiphocolaptes, 236sauli, Rhipidura, 458Sauropatis amphiryta, 196azela, 196celada, 197chloroptera, 195cyanescens, 195hyperpontia, 196palmeri, 196rabulata, 197Saurothera, 135petersi, 135savannarum, Nothura, 5saxatilis, Aeronautes, 174Procelsterna, 98Saxicola fumifrons, 271Sayornis, 271yukonensis, 271scandens, Geospiza, 603scandiaca, Nyctea, 148Scapaneus nelsoni, 231Scaphidurus nelsoni, 565scapularis, Caryothraustes,592Pitylus, 592
Scardafella, 116ridgwayi, 116Scelorchilus, 261rubecula, 261schauenseei, Pteruthius, 382Schiffornis, 269furvus, 269schistacea, Mimocichla, 435Passerella, 660Rhodinocichla, 586schistaceus, Garrulax, 381schisticolor, Fonnicivora, 252Myrmotherula, 252, 253schistisagus, Larus, 93schottii, Contopus, 282Thryophilus, 394Thryothorus, 394scitulus, Basileuterus, 553sclateri, Chasierapis, 460Monasa, 204Myiarchus, 279Xiphocolaptes, 236Sclerurus, 248canigularis, 248ennosiphyllus, 249Scolopax, 89celebensis, 89holmesii, 87meridionalis, 88pectinicauda, 88scommophorus, Orthorham-phus, 91Scops cassini, 144cooperi, 145floridanus, 142kennicottii, 141maxwelliae, 141mccallii, 142scotaea, Nyctala, 158scotinus, Saltator, 592scotius, Rhynchocyclus, 291Scotothorus furvus, 269scottii. Icterus, 567Scytalopus, 261argentifrons, 261secunda, Tetrastes, 60seebohmi, Parus, 342segoviensis, Colinus, 66seguamensis, Trogolodytes,403Seicercus, 452colUnsi, 452puUa, 452Seiurus, 541canivirens, 541notabilis, 541uliginosus, 541semifasciatus, Taraba, 250semiflava, Capsiempis, 293Elainea, 293semipalmatus, Catoptro-phorus, 86semiruber, Pericrocotus, 319semischistaceus, Mionectes,299
Semnomis, 205frantzii, 205semota, Reinarda, 174sennetti, Baeolophus, 345Chordeiles, 160Chordiles, 160Harporhynchus, 411Icterus, 568Parus, 345separabile, Dicaeum, 504separatus, Pericrocotus, 318sepiaria, Euryzonia, 76Rallina, 76septentrionalis, Dysi-thamnus, 252Falco, 51Parus, 341Rissa, 93sequax, Tyrannus, 274Scrilophus, 232aphobus, 232seri-thai, Chloropsis, 356Serpophaga leucura, 294serripennis, Hirundo, 311Stelgidopteryx, 311serus, Spizaetus, 46Setophaga, 549aurantiaca, 549torquata, 550setzeri, Streptopelia, 116sharpei, Dactylortyx, 67shattuckii, Emberiza, 654shensiensis, Dryonastes, 380Garrulax, 380shufeldti, Junco, 651siakensis, Dissemurus, 322Sialia,424australis, 426azurea, 424bairdi, 425currucoides, 426episcopus, 424guatemalae, 424macroptera, 426occidentalis, 424siamense, Dicaeum, 507siamensis, Dicaeum, 507Dicrunis, 320siasiensis, Dendrocopos, 223Yungipicus, 223Sibia cana, 385sibilans, Myadestes, 427Myiadestes, 427sibutuensis, Otus, 140sibuyanica, Dicaeum, 506sibuyanicum, Dicaeum, 506Sicalis, 624chapmani, 625connectens, 624eisenmanni, 624mexicana, 624seimiradzkii, Carduelis, 620Chrysomitris, 620sienae, Otocoris, 304silvicultrix, Elaenix, 295silvifragus, Dryocopus, 216
INDEX 711
simalurensis, Graucalus, 315Macropygia, 113Munia, 561Pelargopsis, 193similis, Chaetura, 172Chloropeta, 466Monasa, 203Pachyrhamphus, 265Simorhynchus cassini, 100simplex, Anthreptes, 488,489Criniger, 365Pycnonotus, 361simplicior, Anthreptes, 489simulans, Caryothraustes,592simulator, Hypsipetes, 364Microscelis, 364simus, Cacomantis, 133Cuciilus, 133sinaloa, Thryophilus, 392Thryothorus, 392sinaloae, Arremonops, 629Progne, 214sinaloensis, Cardinalis, 595Dryobates, 227Richmondena, 595sinensis, Ixol)rychus, 30sinicus, Dendrocopos, 222sinuata, Pyrrhuloxia, 598sinuatus, Corvus, 327siparaja, Aethopyga, 500Siphia asema, 463Siptornis urubambensis, 244siquijorensis, Tanygnathus,128Zosterops, 509sirense, Trichastoma, 372sirensis, Dicruropsis, 321Malacocincla, 372Sirystes, 274atimastus, 274sissonii, Thryothorus, 398Sitta, 350baicalensis, 350clara, 350delacoiiri, 350flavinucha, 351ligea, 350mexicana, 350nelsoni, 350umbrosa, 350Sittasomus, 235aequatorialis, 235jaliscensis, 235Siurus notabilis, 541Sm.aragdolanius, 481mutabilis, 481verticalis, 481smicra, Treron, 101smithi, Catharus, 429Niltava, 465Pelargopsis, 194Pellorneum, 369Ramphalcyon, 194Timalia, 379smithsonianus, Ptilopus, 105
smythiesi, Lonchura, 561snowi, Cepphus, 99sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 39socorroensis, Biiteo, 44Columbigallina, 118Micropallas, 151Oceanodroma, 15Pipilo, 634sodalis, Pelargopsis, 193, 194soderstromi, Heliangelus,187Solaris, Dendroica, 532solitarius, Myadestes, 427Myiadestes, 427Vireo, 516solombensis, Dicruropsis, 321Zosterops, 510sonoriensis, Agelaius, 572Carpodacus, 611sordahlae, Poliospiza, 608sordida. Halcyon, 196Helminthophila, 526Vermivora, 526sordidus, Carpodacus, 610Criniger, 364Macronous, 379Vireo, 514soror. Passer, 555sororia, Aimophila, 645sowerbyi, Coccothraustes,605Eophona, 605Pomatorhinus, 373Turdus, 436spadiceus, Attila, 264spadix, Pyrrhomyias, 290sparsimfasciatus, Accipiter,41sparveroides, Falco, 52spatha, Momotus, 200speciosa, Compsothlypis, 530Geothlypis, 546Parula, 530Xanthoura, 333speculiferus, Chlorospingus,588Nesospirgus, 588Spelaeornis, 375badeigularis, 375rocki, 375spengeli, Forpus, 126Speotyto, 153amaura, 154brachyptera, 154cunicularia, 154hypugaea, 153obscura, 153rostrata, 153Spermophila atriceps, 614badiventris, 614collaris, 614kicksii, 615palustris, 615parva, 615Sphyrapicus, 221appalachiensis, 221throideus, 221
spilonotus, Ninox, 152Spilornis, 47abbotti,48baweanus, 47klossi, 47richmondi, 47Spindalis, 580benedicti, 580townsendi, 580Spinus croceus, 623peruanus, 620salicamans, 621vagans, 620spixi, Synallaxis, 242spixii, Xiphorhynchus, 2315Spiza, 602townsendii, 602Spizaetus, 46serus, 46stresemanni, 46Spizella, 652arizonac, 653boreophila, 652breweri, 654cana, 655evura, 655mexicana, 654pallida, 654wortheni, 655Spizitornis, 293lippus, 294parulus, 293splendens, Platycercus, 130Prosopeia, 130Volatinia, 616spodiopygia, Collocalia, 170spodiopygius, Macropteryx,170Spodiornis, 626arcanus, 626Sporadinus bracei, 179Sporophila, 614aurita, 614corvina, 614incerta, 614palustris, 615parva, 615telasco, 615torqueola, 614Sporopipes, 556abyssinicus, 556spragueii, Alauda, 474Anthus, 474squamulata, Ciccaba, 155squamulatus, Microcerculus,409Stachyridopsis paganus, 375Stachyris, 375banjakensis, 376chrysops, 375dipora, 375erythroptera, 376fulviventris, 376hypopyrrha, 376nigrescentior, 375pyrrophaea, 376rodolphei, 375500936?61- -46
712 INDEX
stageri, Pellorneum, 368Stanley!, Carduelis, 621steerei, Otus, 140Pyrrhula, 607steerii, Oriolus, 324stejnegeri, Anthus, 473Oidemia, 37Stelgidocichia pallida, 362saturata, 362Stelgidopteryx, 311fulvigula, 312fulvipennis, 312gutturalis, 312ridgwayi, 312salvini, 312serripennis, 311uropygialis, 312stellae, Anthreptes, 492Harpactes, 190Stenopsis albicauda, 164insularis, 164tobagensis, 165stenura, Capella, 88Zenaidura, 114Stephanibyx, 82suspicax, 82sterea, Cyanoconipsa, 601Sterna, 94albifrons, 95aleutica, 96antarctica, 94bairdii, 95browni, 97cassinii, 94crissalis, 97forsteri, 95hirundinacea, 94litoricola, 95lunata, 96mathewsi, 96melanoptera, 95meridionalis, 94nelsoni, 96paradisaea, 95portlandica, 95provida, 96rectirostris, 97striata, 96stevensoni, Nannus, 404Troglodytes, 404stictipennis, Ceryle, 191stictoptera, Ceryle, 192Chloroceryle, 192Myrmeciza, 255Stigniatops salvadorii, 488stimpsoni, Streptopelia, 116Turtur, 116stoicus, Hypnelus, 203stolzmanni, Elaenia, 295stoneae, Pomatorhinus, 373strenua, Aratinga, 124strenuus, Conurus, 124Vireo, 518Garrulax, 381strepitans, Phyllastrephus,363
Streptopelia, 116edwardi, 116picturata, 116saturata, 116setzeri, 116stimpsoni, 116Slreptoprocne, 172mexicana, 172stresemanni, Spizaetus, 46striata. Sterna, 96striaticeps, Dysithamnus, 252Lophozosterops, 510Pseudozosterops, 510striatigularis, Dendrornis,239Xiphorhynchus, 239striatipectus, Melanerpes,217, 218striatulus, Astur, 40striatus, Dendrortyx, 62striaticeps, Entotriccus, 272striatus, Rallus, 75stricklandii, Chubbia, 88stridulus, Heleodytes, 390strigata, Eremophila, 303Otocorys, 303strigatus, Aplonis, 483strigirostris, Didunculus, 123striolata, Poliospiza, 608Strix, 155alleni, 156baweana, 155caurina, 156georgica, 156guatemalae, 138hondoensis, 157lucida, 156lulu, 138ma, 155maingayi, 155minutissima, 150nigrescens, 139nivicola, 155nivipetens, 155nyctiphasma, 155occidentalis, 156rileyi, 155sablei, 156strophiata, Muscicapa, 463Struthus atrimentalis, 656caniceps, 648Stulta, Nonnula, 203Sturnella, 575alticola, 575confluenta, 576inexspectata, 575neglecta, 576Sturnia katchalensis, 485Sturnus, 485katchalensis, 485sualielica, Nectarinia, 498suavis, Copsychus, 421suavissima, Pipra, 268subandeana, Tyto, 139subcirris, Dendrocopos, 222Dryobates, 222
subconnectens, Garrulax,382sufifusus, Dysithamnus, 252subflavum, Ornithion, 297subfusculus, Centurus, 220Melanerpes, 220subita, Dendroica, 538submoniliger, Muscicapa,463subobscurus, Basileuterus,553subocularis, Macronyx, 475suboles. Electron, 199subpallida, Hylocichla, 434subpallidus, Cacomantis, 133subrufescens, Phaethornis,176subruficoUis, Tryngites, 90subsessor Mirafra, 300subsquamicoUis, Lonchura,560subtropicalis, Mecocerculus,297Xanthomyias, 297suiriri, Suiriri, 296subvinacea, Chloroenas, 112Columba, 112subviridis, Alcedo, 192suchitrae, Pericrocotus, 319suckleyi, Cerorhina, 100Falco, 51Larus, 92sueurii, Lalage, 317suffuscus, Saltator, 590suffusus, Remiz, 347Suiriri, 296improvisa, 296suiriri, 296Sula, 18abbotti, 18brewsteri, 20coryi, 18dactylatra, 18elegans, 18gossi, 18nebouxii, 18rubripeda, 19rubripes, 19sula, 18sula, Sula, 18sulphurea, Gerygone. 442Tyrannopsis, 276sulphurescens, Tolmomyias,291suluensis, Cephalophoneus,478Lanius, 478Pardaliparus, 345Pycnonotus, 360Tumix, 72sumatrensis, Coracina, 315sumichrasti, Aimophila, 644Aphelocoma, 337Catherpes, 409Chlorospingus, 588
INDEX 713
sumichrasti?ContinuedCyanocitta, 337Cyrtonyx, 68Haemophila, 644Hylorchilus, 409Nyctidromus, 162Passerina, 601Platypsaris, 266sundevalli, Certhiola, 523superba, Richmondena, 593superbus, Cardinalis, 593superciliaris, Basileuterus,551Cittocincla, 419Copysychus, 419Leptopogon, 298Myiodynastes, 275Thryothorus, 392Vireo, 514superciliosus, Artamus, 476Merops, 201Ocypterus, 476surda, Zosterops, 510Surniculus, 133barussarum, 133dicruroides, 133massorhinus, 133suspicax, Myrmorchilus, 253Stephanibyx, 82swainsonii, Sylvia, 525Vireo, 518swalesi, Haplocichla, 437Sylvia auduboni, 535bachmanii, 526delafieldii, 545halseii, 536macgillivrayi, 542nigrescens, 536olivacea, 530swainsonii, 525tolmiei, 542townsendi, 536Sylvicola kirtlandii, 539Sylvietta, 444abayensis, 445keniensis, 445leucopsis, 444loringi, 445ochrocara, 445rufescens, 445tavetensis, 444symplectus, Dendiocopos,228Dryobates, 228Synallaxis, 242albilora, 243hypoleuca, 243hypospodia, 243nigrifumosa, 243notius, 242spixi, 242Syndactyla, 246acrita, 246lineata, 246rufosuperciliata, 246Syrigma, 29fostersmithi, 29
Symium caurinum, 156hondoense, 157japonicum, 157lucidum, 156ma, 155occidentale, 156sablei, 156sartorii, 157
tabuensis, Aplonis, 482tachina, Hirundo, 309Petrochelidon, 309Tachycineta, 313lepida, 313Tachyphomis, 585axillaris, 585chrysomelas, 587delatiii, 585nitidissimus, 585panamensis, 585tibialis, 626tachyptera, Collacalia, 168tacitus, Blacicus, 283Contopus, 283taczanowskii, Columba, 110Icterus, 570taeniatus, Peucedramus, 531Taenioptera ignea, 270taeiiioptera, Thryophilus,392taeniopterus, Mecocerculus,294Thryothorus, 392tahitiensis, Numenius, 85taitensis, Urodynamis, 134talautensis, Hermotimia, 494Nectarinia, 494Talmatodytes pulverius, 387tamaulipensis, Creciscus, 78Icterus, 570Merula, 439Turdus, 439tana, Cisticola, 447tanagensis, Nannus, 403Troglodytes, 403Tangavius, 562assimilis, 562Tanagra, 577analis, 578elegantissiraa, 577frugilegus, 579godmani, 577quitensis, 577Tangara, 578florida, 578fucosa, 578fucosus, 578versicolor, 578tanneri, Geothlypis, 545Troglodytes, 401tantilla, Riparia, 311tantulus, Yungipicus, 223tantus, Chrysocolaptes, 231Tanygnathus, 128siquijorensis, 128
Taraba, 249semifasciatus, 250Tauraco, 131hartlaubi, 131tavetensis, Sylvietta, 444Tchitrea procera, 470tecta, Heterophasia, 385temminckii, Cursorius. 91Myophonus, 441tegimae, Pericrocotus, 318telasco, Sporophila, 615Telmatodytes iliacus, 387thryophilus, 387tolucensis, 387tenebrosa, Cinclocerthia, 417tenellus, Charadrius, 83Trogon, 190tenuifrons, Brotogeris, 126tenuipes, Bubo, 147tenuirostris, Procellaria, 10Rallus, 73tenuis, Monticola, 424Petrophila, 424tephra, Euthlypis, 551tephrocephala, Attila, 264Tephrodornis, 318jugans, 318orientis, 318tephrogaster, Thamnophilus,251teres, Lophortyx, 65teretirostris, Procelsterna, 98Terpsiphone, 470atrocaudata, 470owstoni, 470paradisi, 470sababensis, 470testacea, Piranga, 581Pyranga, 581Tetragonops frantzii, 205tetraopes, Phaenicophilus,537Tetrastes, 59amurensis, 59secunda, 60vicinitas, 60texana, Aimophila, 646Aphelocoma, 336Pyrrhuloxia, 598texanus, Pitangus, 277texensis, Fringilla, 622Muscicapa, 275Myiozetetes, 275thai, Pericrocotus, 318Turnix, 72thais, Pycnonotus, 359Thalasseus, 97cristatus, 97halodramus, 97imperator, 94rectirostris, 98rhalassinus, Ibis, 31Lampornis, 177Thalassidroma gracilis, 14lineata, 14plunibea, 15
INDEX
Thalassomis, 38insularis, 38Thalurania, 180glaucopis, 180luciae, 180ridgwayi, 180townsendi, 180Tharanistes, 251anabatinus, 251coronatus, 252saturatus, 251Thamnophilus, 250albicrissus, 250caerulescens, 251eremnus, 251hollandi, 249inornatus, 251intermedius, 250pacificus, 250tephrogaster, 251trinitatis, 250yucatanensis, 250thapsina, Aegithina, 355thaumasta, Zodalia, 187Thaumatias viridicaudus,181thayeri, Larus, 93Parus, 342thescela, Apalis, 444thespesia, Collocalia, 169Thinocorus, 92cuneicauda, 92Thiypopsis, 588orinocensis, 588thoa, Hemiprocne, 175thoracica, Leucolepis, 410thoracicia, Aegialitis, 84thoracicus, Charadrius, 84Cyphorhinus, 410Thraupis, 579caesitia, 579cumatilis, 579darwinii, 579threnodes, Cacomantis, 133Threskiornis, 30abbotti, 30trinitatis, Sakesphorus, 250Thamnophilus, 250Thriothorus berlandieri, 391Tliripadectes, 248Thriponax biittikoferi, 216parvus, 216throideus, Sphyrapicus, 221Thryomanes, 397altus, 397ariborius, 397brevicauda, 398calophonus, 397charienturus, 397cryptus, 398diymoecus, 397eremophilus, 397hurleyi, 397nesophilus, 397percnus, 398
Thryophilus castanonotus,393collinus, 391pullus, 392ravus, 394russeus, 393schottii, 394sinaloa, 392taenioptera, 392zeledoni, 392thryophilus, Cistothorus, 387Telmatodytes, 387Thryorchilus, 405basultoi, 405Thryospiza mirabilis, 643pelonota, 642Thryothorus, 390alamoensis, 391brunneus, 393burleighi, 391canobrunneus, 396castanonotus, 393collinus, 391coraya, 394euronotus, 391grandis, 395grenadensis, 401herberti, 395lawrencii, 395magdalenae, 395miamensis, 390musicus, 400oberholseri, 391odious, 394oyapocensis, 394pallidus, 395pullus, 392rufescens, 400schottii, 394sinaloa, 392sissonii, 398superciliaris, 392taeniopterus. 392thoracicus, 393umbrinus, 396zeledoni, 392Tiaris, 602bryanti, 602intermedia, 602ravida, 602tibialis, Pheucticus, 599Pselliophorus, 626Tachyphonus, 626ticehursti, Rhyticeros, 202Tigrisoma, 29exceUens, 29lineatum, 29Timalia, 379patriciae, 379smithi, 379timidus, Empidonax, 289timorlaoensis, Geoffroyus,128Tinamus, 3erythropus, 4frantzii, 3guttatus, 3
Tinnunculus australis, 53tinnunculus, Falco, 52tinochlora, Boisonneaua, 186tinoptila, Aethopyga, 500Tityra, 267Columbiana, 267costaricensis, 267griseiceps, 267tobagensis, Chloronerpes,211Florisuga, 177Piculus, 211Stenopsis, 165todayensis, Aplonis, 484Lamprocorax, 484tolmiei, Oporornis, 542Sylvia, 542Tolmomyias, 291sulphurescens, 291tolucensis, Cistothorus, 387Telmatodytes, 387Topaza, 185pamprepta, 185torquata, Setophaga, 550torquatus, Myioborus, 550torqueola, Sporophila, 614tortugae, Vireo, 513Totanus eurhinus, 86polynesiae, 86townsendi, Camarhynchus,604Cinclus, 386CoUocalia, 170Dendroica, 536Ducula, 108Globicera, 108Lagopus, 58Myadestes, 426Myiagra, 469Oceanodroma, 15Passerella, 660Phalacrocorax, 21Plectrophanes, 660Plectrophemax, 667Ptilogonys, 426Spindalis, 580Sylvia, 536Thalurania, 180townsendii, Emberiza, 602Spiza, 602Toxostoma, 410bendirei, 412cinereum, 411guttatum, 411longicauda, 410maculatum, 412oberholseri, 413occidentale, 412redivivum, 413sennetti, 411traillii, Empidonax, 284Muscicapa, 284trangensis, Cyanops, 206Megalaima, 206transilens, Capito, 205treganzai, Ardea, 24trepidus, Empidonax, 286
INDEX 715
Tieron, 101adina, 103chioroptera, 102curvirostra, 101erimacra, 101griseicapilla, 102, 103haliploa, 101hypothapsina, 102magnirostris, 101melopogenys, 102miza, 103olax, 102passorhina, 101pega, 101purpurea, 103smicra, 101vernans, 103tresmariae, Amazona, 127Myiarchus, 280Zenaidura, 114Tribura idonea. 443Trichastoma, 370abbotti, 371baweanum, 372bicolor, 371connectens, 371eritorum, 372malaccense, 370obscurius, 371perspicillatum, 371rostratum, 370, 371saturatum, 370sirense, 372williamsoni, 371trichopsis, Otus, 143trichorrhos, Macronous, 379tricolor, Agelaius, 571Certhiola, 522Coereba, 522Icterus, 571Zonifer, 82tricosus, Mimus, 416trifurcatus, Hydropsalis, 166trigonostigma, Dicaeum, 505Triiiga, 86cooperi, 90nebularia, 86parvirostris, 84ptilocnemis, 90trinkutensis, Excalfactoria,71Trochilus aurigularis, 188bahamensis, 188Troglodytes, 399acosmus, 400alascensis, 403aquilonaris, 404audax, 400aztecus, 399beani, 399bergensis, 401carychrous, 400chilensis, 400dauricus, 402effutitus, 400enochrus, 400festinus, 401
Troglodytes?Continuedgrenadensis, 401helleri, 404idius, 402insularis, 398kiskensis, 403kurilensis, 402meligerus, 403musicus, 400nitidus, 401ochraceus, 401pacificus, 404pallenscens, 402parkmanii, 399peninsulae, 402peninsularis, 399petrophilus, 403puUus, 404rufescens, 400salebrosus, 404stevensoni, 404tanagensis, 403tanneri, 401seguamensis, 403Trogon, 189bairdii, 189chrysomelas, 190crissalis, 190goldmani, 190tenellus, 190trophis, Pericrocotus, 319trowbridgii, Pelionetta, 38Tryngites, 90subruficollis, 90tschegrava, Hydroprogne, 94tuberculifer, Myiarchus, 281tuidara, Tyto, 139tukki, Meiglyptes, 215tumultuosus, Psittacus, 126Pionus, 126Turacus caerulescens, 131crissalis, 132medius, 132turcosa, Muscicapa, 465turdina, Dendrocincla, 234Turdinulus granti, 374Turdus, 436aliciae, 432auduboni, 431bondi, 439caribboeus, 439cautor, 440celaenops, 437chrysolaus, 437confinis, 438differens, 439graysoni, 439helleri, 437intermedius, 436jouyi, 437kelleri, 436malindangensis, 436mandarinus, 436mayonensis, 436nigrirostris, 439nudigenis, 439pallidas, 473
Turdus?Continuedpropinquus, 437reevei, 440sowerbyi, 436tamaulipensis, 439ustulatus, 431wulsini, 436turneri, Parus, 341Turnix, 72kuiperi, 72machetes, 72suluensis, 72thai, 72Turtur, 118abbotti, 116afer, 118chalcospilos, 118saturatus, 116stimpsoni, 116turturilla, Zenaidura, 114Tympanuchus, 61attwateri, 61pallidicinctus, 61typhicola, Geothlypis, 543typhla, Dendrocincla, 234typica, Deconychura, 234Tyranniscus, 298veridiflavus, 298Tyrannopsis, 276sulphurea, 276Tyrannula, flaviventris, 284hammondii, 285hispaniolensis, 283Tyrannulus, 262elatus, 262reguloides, 262Tyrannus, 274couchii, 274luggeri, 276sequax, 274tenax, 274Tyto, 138guatemalae, 138lucayana, 139lucayanus, 138lulu, 138nigrescens, 139subandeana, 139tuidara, 139zottae, 139u
uliginosus, Seiurus, 541ultra, Athene, 153umbra, Otus, 140Pisorhina, 140umbraticus, Xenerpestes,244umbratile, Dicaeum, 508umbratilis, Rhinomyias, 461,462umbrina, Leucosticte, 617Zapornia, 77umbrinus, Thryothorus, 396urabrosa, Sitta, 350
716 INDEX
umbrosus, Formicarius, 256Manacus, 269ungava, Parus, 343ungavus, Lagopus, 57unicolor, Bradypterus, 443Cinclus, 385Myadestes, 428Myiadestes, 428Upucerthia, 241dumetaria, 241propinqua, 241Uraeginthus brunneigularis,558uraguess, Anthreptes, 492uralensis, Falco, 50Uranomitra ellioti, 183whitelyi, 182Uria, 99califomica, 99inornata, 99urinator, Pelecanus, 17Urodynamis, 134pheletes, 134taitensis, 134Uroloncha lepidota, 560phaethontoptila, 560Uromyias, 294agraphia, 294Uropsalis, 167kalinowskii, 167uropygialis, Centurus, 218Melanerpes, 218Pachyrhamphus, 265Stelgidopteryx, 312urubambensis, Astheses, 244Siptornis, 244urubutinga, Cathartes, 39ussurianus, Dryobates, 222ussuriensis, Dendrocopos,222ustulata, Hylocichla, 431ustulatus, Turdus, 431utahicola, Geothlypis, 543
vafer, Rallus, 74vafrum, Glaucidium, 150vagans, Carduelis, 620Halcyon, 195Porzana, 78Spinus, 620vallicola, Callipepla, 63vandepoUi, Pachycephala,470vanelloides, Charadrius, 82Vanellus occidentalis, 82vanrossemi, Polioptila, 456vanwyckii, Carpophaga, 109Ducula, 109varius, Phalacrocorax, 23vasta, Microligea, 542vegae, Larus, 94veliei, Contopus, 282velox, Accipiter, 42venatica, Ninox, 152Noctua, 152
Venator, Accipiter, 42venerata, Halcyon, 199venezuelensis, Arremonops,631Molothrus, 562Veniliornis, 221cecilii, 221darienensis, 221ventralis, Zosterops, 509veraecrucis, Melanerpes, 219Phoethornis, 175veraguensis, Geotrygon, 120verecunda, Hylocichla, 431vermiculatus, Megascops,145Otus, 145Vermivora, 526bachmanii, 526celata, 527luciae, 528lutescens, 526orestera, 526ridgwayi, 527ruficapilla, 528sordida, 526vernans, Treron, 103verreauxi, Leptotila, 119versicolor, Amazilia, 182CaUiste, 578Cardellina, 551Ergaticus, 551Quiscalus, 563Tangara, 578versuricola, Macronous, 377Mixornis, 377verticalis, Arremonops, 630Embemagra, 630Smaragdolanius, 481Vireolanius, 481vestita, Collocalia, 169vibex, Garrulax, 380vicina, Zosterops, 508vicinior, Vireo, 514vicinitas, Tetrastes, 60vicinus, Chordeiles, 161Contopus, 281Drymocataphus, 369Muscadivores, 109vieilloti, Dendroica, 533vigorsii, Saltator. 591villosus, Dendrocopos, 224vinaceigularis, Prionops, 479vinaceiventris, Engyptila,120vinaceo-rufa, Zenaida, 115vinctura, Actinodura, 382vinifer, Carpodacus, 609violacea, Loxigilla, 613violiceps, Goldmania, 181virens, Contopus, 281Vireo, 511amauronotus, 518approximans, 513arizonae, 515atricapilJa, 511bairdi, 511barbadensis. 517
Vireo?ContinuedbeUii, 515carmioli, 514cassinii, 516chiriquensis, 518flavescens, 512flavifrons, 516grandior, 517huttoni, 513maynardi, 511medius, 515mexicanus, 514micrus, 511nanus, 513, 514nelsoni, 514pallens, 513perquisitor, 511plumbeus, 516pusillus, 515solitarius, 516sordidus, 514strenuus, 518superciliaris, 514swainsonii, 518tortugae, 513vicinior, 514Vireolanius, 480goldmani, 480melitophrys, 480mutabilis, 481verticalis, 481viridicoronatus, 481Vireosylva costaricensis, 518barbadense, 517cinerea, 517magister, 517dominicana, 517grandior, 517propinqua, 516virescens, Aulacorhynchus,208Butorides, 25virgata, Aphriza, 87virgatus, Hyloctistes, 246Philydor,246virginiae, Helminthophaga,528viridescens, Attila, 264Empidonax, 288viridicata, Arremonops, 631viridicaudus, Thaumatias,181viridicoronatus, Vireolanius,481viridiflava, Elaenia, 298viridiflavus, Tyranniscus, 298viridis, Aegithina, 356viridissima, Aegithina, 355vitiensis, Dacelo, 197Halcyon, 197Porphyrio, 80Porzana, 77vittatum, Glaucidium, 149vivida, Psittacula, 126Xanthoura, 333vividus, Forpus, 126
INDEX 717
Volantinia, 616atronitens, 616peruviensis, 616splendens, 616Volvocivora, 316conipta, 317intermedia, 316koratensis, 316vulturnus, Macronyx, 475w
wagleri. Icterus, 566waUisi, Henicornis, 241wambugensis, Cisticola, 446wardi, Ardea, 24weberi, Gecinus, 213Picus, 213wellsi, Engyptila, 120Leptotila, 120wetmorei, Chlorospingus,589Columba, 111Zosterops, 509Avhistleri, Nectarinia, 493Pycnonotus, 358whitelyi, Amazilia, 182Uranomitra, 182whitneyi, Athene, 151Micrathene, 151wilderi, Pyrrhula, 607Yungipicus, 223wilkesii, Carpophaga, 108williamsi, Pycnonotus, 362williamsoni, Malacocincla,371Microptemus, 213Picus, 221Trichastoma, 371Wilsonia, 548chryseola, 548wilsonia, Charadrius, 84winchelli, Hyloterpe, 471Pacliycephala, 471winterfeldti, Charadrius, 87wolfei, Aviceda, 39woodhouseii, Aphelocoina,335Cyanocitta, 335woodi, Cyrtostomus, 497Lalage, 317Leonardi, 370Leonard ina, 370Nectarinia, 497wortheni, Spizella, 655wrightii, Empidonax, 285wulsini, Turdus, 436wiirdemanii, Ardea, 24wyvilliana, Anas, 35X
xanthogastra, Carduelis, 621Xanthomyias, 297subtropicalis, 297
xanthops, Pycnonotus, 358xanthornus, Myospiza, 638Xanthoura, 333galeata, 333glaucescens, 333speciosa, 333vivida, 333xantusi, Buteo, 45xantusii, Amazilia, 180Hylocharis, 180, 181Pyrgisoma, 637Xenerpestes, 244umbraticus, 244Xenicopsis, percnopterus,246xenothorax, Leptasthenura,242Xiphirhynchus, 374intextus, 374Xiphocolaptes, 235albicollis, 236argentinus, 236castaricensis, 236omiltemensis, 235saturatus, 236sclateri, 236Xiphorhynchus, 237choica, 237chunchotambo, 238costaricensis, 238dugandi, 237flavigaster, 239hylodromus, 240insolitus, 240longirostris, 238nientalis, 239nanus, 238phalara, 238punctigula, 239saltuarius, 239spixii, 238striatigularis, 239yucatanensis, 239Xolmis, 270pyrope, 270xuthus, Hylophilus, 519xyostictus, Chordeiles, 160Yyalensis, Corythaeola, 132yarrellii, Carduelis, 620yucatanica, Richmondena,596yucatanicus, Cardinalis, 596yucatanensis, Cyclarhis, 479Cyclorhis, 479Myiarchus, 279Myopagis, 296Nyctidromus, 162Platypsaris, 266Tharanophilus, 250Xiphorhynchus, 239Zenaida, 114Zenaidura, 114
Yuhina, 383intermedia, 383omeiensis, 383quarta, 383rogersi, 383yukonensis, Sayornis, 271yunaskensis, Lagopus, 59Yungipicus siasiensis, 223tantulus, 223wilderi, 223
zachlora, Zosterops, 510zacnecus, Copsychus, 422zalepta, Dendrophassa, 103zaleucus, Chordeiles, 160zaboria, Passerella, 659zamelaena, Hydrocissa, 202zamydra, Ducula, 109zamydrus, Muscadivores, 109zapega, Cinnyris, 496zapercna, Munia, 562zaperissa, Mixornis, 378zaperissus, Macronous, 378zaphaeus, Pycnonotus, 361zaphotina, Kittacincla, 421zapolius, Pycnonotus, 360Zapomia umbrina, 77zaptera, Mixornis, 378zarhabdota, Mixornis, 377zarhina, Arachnothera, 501Zarhynchus mexicanus, 562zeledoni, Acrochordopus, 262Cancroma, 30Chlorospingus, 589Cochlear! us, 30Cyanocorax, 333Lophotriccus, 292Myrmeciza, 256Pittasonia, 259Pogonotriccus, 262Thryophilus, 392Tlu-yothorus, 392Zeledonia, 442coronata, 442insperata, 442zelotes, Certhia, 352Zenaida, 115alticola, 115jessieae, 115meloda, 115robinsoni, 115rubripcs, 114vinaceo-rufa, 115yucatanensis, 114Zenaidura, 113beUa, 113caurina, 113clarionensis, 114graysoni, 114macroura, 113, 114marginelia, 113stenura, 114Iresmariae, 114
718 INDEXZenaidura?Continuedturturilla, 114yucatanensis, 114Zodalia thaumasta, 187zonatus, Campylorhynchus,388Zonifer, 82tricolor, 82zononota, Dichrozona, 253Zonotrichia, 656antillarum, 659cassinii, 647choraules, 659fallax, 666gambelii, 657insularis, 659
Zonotrichia?Continuedintermedia, 657melanotis, 643mellea, 659nuttalli, 658orestera, 659querula, 656Zoothera, 440affinis, 440andromedae, 440zophera, Mixornis, 378zopherus, Macronous, 378zophonota, Aegithina, 356Zosterops, 508aldabrensis, 509flaviceps, 510
Zosterops?Continuedfricki, 509garguensis, 510gloriosae, 509halconensis, 508malindangensis, 511mesoxantha, 508nicobarica, 509siquijorensis, 509solombensis, 510surda, 510ventralis, 509vicina, 508wetmorei, 509zachlora, 510zottae, Tyto, 139
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTJNG OFFICE: 1961



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