A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM NORTH AND NORTH-CENTRAL CELEBES. By J. H. Riley,Aid, Division of Birds, United States National Mtiseum. When Dr. W. L. Abbott, the well-known explorer, reluctantlygave up his exploration in eastern Asia, on account of ill-health,he made arrangements with the Smithsonian Institution to have thisvrork continued, H. C. Raven was selected to carry out his plansand started operations in northeast Borneo in 1912. After makinga good collection there and becoming familiar with the Malaylanguage and the handling of natives, he purchased a small sailingvessel and with a crew of natives sailed from Samarinda, Borneo,to Paloe Bay, Celebes, where he arrived on July 16, 1914, workingnorthward along the west coast of the northern peninsula as faras Kwandang. He then retraced his course as far as Kampa, re-turned to Borneo, February 28, 1915, and came home to the UnitedStates for a well-merited vacation. On this trip Mr. Raven did notpenetrate far inland and while he made a large collection of birds,it contained no novelties. He obtained material at the followinglocalities on this voyage : Dampelas.Kapas Bay.Kwala Besar.Boesak.Paleleh.Paleleh River.Mr. R'aven next returned to Celebes and began work in the ex-treme northern tip at Likoepang, January 13, 1916. While in thenorth he collected birds at the following localities : Toli Toli.Kampa.Tandjong Penjoe.Tandjong Tango.Soemalata.Kwandang. Likoepang.Teteamoet. Ayermadidi.Goenoeng Kalabat.^ ? Mr. Raven has furnished the following note on this mountain : " My camp was atabout 1,700 meters (5,600 feet), where the forest is only semitropical in appearance.Practically all the trees are heavily coated with moss and are not tall. Kalabat is thehighest mountain in Minahassa, having an altitude of 2,020 meters (6,617) feet).No. 2506.?Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. 64, Art. 16.L PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. VOL. 64.Koeala Prang.Batoe Hangoes.Batoe Hangoes Baroe andnear by at Roemoesoem.Pulo Lembeh. Manembo Nembo.Toemaratas.Temboan.Langowan. All the above localities are in Minahassa.Mr. Eaven then left the north and went to Parigi in middleCelebes, on the Gulf of Tomini, at the base of the northern peninsula,where he arrived August 27, 1916, and worked north along the coastto Tinomboe, collecting birds at the following stations : Parigi.Toboli.Bumbaroedjaba (altitudeabout 915 meters (3,000feet)). Laboea Sore.Kasimbar.Manilili.Toeriboeloe.Tinomboe.From Toboli he crossed the northern peninsula to Paloe Bay andstarted south up the valley of the Paloe River, collecting birds at : Dolo.Koelawi.Goenoeng Lehio (altitude,7,166 feet) , to the south-west of Lake Lindoe. Toewoeloe.Winatoe.Rano Lindoe. Returning to the coast, he collected at Tamboe (north of Dong-gala), Dampelas, and Lende, when he started up the Paloe Valleyagain and collected birds at the following stations : Napoe, Watoetaoe.Rano Rano (altitude, 1,800meters) . Pinedapa. Kalaware.Gimpoe.Toare, Bada.Doda, Besoa.Taewo Mountain, Besoa.On this last trip inland he passed to the west of Lake Lindoe (theunnamed lake to the northwest of Lake Posso on Meyer and Wigles-worth's map) and continued south to the district of Bada, whichis west of the range of mountains to the west of Lake Posso andabout at the same latitude as the southern border of this lake.He then turned north and northeast, keeping to the west of themountains west of Lake Posso until he crossed the range just to theeast of Rano Rano (on the west slope of the mountains near thesummit) and continued to the Gulf of Tomini at Mapane. Pinedapais inland a short distance from Mapane. Mr. Raven furnishes thefollowing note:Besoa is a large level plain, undoubtedly a former lake bed, surrounded bymountains, which are covered by heavy forests ; the tops of most of the ABT. 16. BIEDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. mountains are above 2,000 meters, the level plain is said to be about 1,300meters, or perhaps more. The plain is perhaps 2 or 3 miles wide by about3 miles long and most or the area is covered with several varieties of long coarsegrasses and reeds; in several places there are wet rice fields and the nativeshave made a few clearings on the lower slopes of the mountains. In someplaces the lower slopes are covered with grass.When the United States entered the World's War, Mr. Ravenplaced himself at the disposal of the authorities at Manila, butcontinued to collect birds until early in 1918. While awaiting ordershe made a scouting voyage around the south coast of Celebes, col-lecting no birds, however. He then returned home.Some of the above localities were visited several times and heseems to have crossed the northern peninsula more than once. Ihad hoped that Mr. Eaven would supply me with detailed informa-tion on the character of the country of his various collecting stationsbut before he could do so he left for Africa on a long collecting tripand then for Australia. Rather than delay the report upon hisCelebes work any longer, I have decided to publish this catalogue ofthe birds collected on the island, relying for the localities upon hisfield catalogues, the specimens, and a large scale map upon which Mr.Raven has marked his route.It is quite unnecessary to say that the collections were very large ; most of the species in good series of well-prepared skins. All theskins were prepared personally by Mr. Raven, who had no otherwhite man with him and found it too difficult to teach the Buganeseto skin birds. His trip to Lake Lindoe was made by pack train ofponies with pack saddles devised and made by him. On his last tripinto the interior his supplies from the United States were held inSingapore on account of the war, and he had to subsist upon thecountry, which he found in a deplorable condition on account of aprolonged and almost unprecedented drought.In several preliminary papers ^ the following birds have beennamed from Mr. Raven's Celebesian collection:Scolopax celehensis.Atias swperciliosa fercna.RlMTTiphococcyx centralis.Collocalia vestita aenigma.Caprimulgus afjinis propinquus.DendroMastes hyperythra jug-osae.Celebesia dbhotti.Gataponera ahditiva.Megalurus celehensis. Cryptolopha nesophilcuPachycephala plti/viosa.Co7'acomis raveni.Zosterops atrifrons surda.Pseudozosterops striaticeps.Munia punctulata particeps.Lamprocorax montosa.Enodes erythrophrys centralis.Dicrurojysis montana. 2 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 31, 1918, pp. 155-160 ; vol. 32, 1919, pp. 93-96 ; vol. 33,1920, pp. 55-58; vol. 34, 1921, pp. 55-58. 4 PROCEEDINGS OB' THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64.Two of the species required new generic names, namely, Gora-cornis and Celehesia; while Scolopax celebensis and Megalurus cele-hensis belong to genera hitherto unreported from Celebe's.Besides the above new forms, the collection contains the two fol-lowing additions to the avifauna of the island: Nyroca australis(belonging to a probably unnamed resident form), and Poliomyiasmugimaki. Leaving out of consideration the mere segregation ofj)reviously reported species, Mr. Raven has added 5 genera and 12species to the avifauna. A wonderful showing, considering that hecovered less than half the area of the island.Altogether, Mr. Raven's Celebesian collections contain 202 forms ofbirds as at present worked out, a larger number than had been takenpersonally by any earlier collector in the same area. Tlie Sarasins,apparently, have a larger number to their credit, but they coveredmore territory and were on the island for a longer period.When it is taken into consideration that all of Mr. Raven's re-markable discoveries came from the mountains of the north-centralpart of the island, it can readily be appreciated that the avifauna ofCelebes is far from well known or will be for many years to come.There are higher mountains (Latimodjong) than the Bonthian Peaksin the southwest peninsula that have not been worked, and the north-east and southeast peninsulas are almost, unknown, though the latteris said to present a rather uninteresting appearance, but it shouldnevertheless be explored before a complete knowledge of the avi-fauna as a whole can be obtained. Even the north peninsula is nonetoo well known; there has not been enough collecting done in themountains, except at the extreme northern end in the Minahassa dis-trict. There has been considerable work done in the extreme southaround Macassar and the Bonthian Peaks. The Sarasins, I under-stand, have made quite a thorough survey of the whole island, butthey were not primarily interested in birds and outside of the recordsof their collections in Meyer and Wiglesworth's Birds of Celebesand two short papers by Doctor Meyer ^ nothing has been publishedupon their bird collection as a whole. Even Meyer and Wiglesworthlament the inadequate data upon the distribution of the birds in theisland and predict that it will be a hundred years before any finalityis arrived at in this respect. This should only stimulate naturaliststo greater exertions, because civilization is advancing at such an ac-celerated pace, and the introduction of exotic animals to differentparts of the world is becoming so prevalent, that the balance ofnature is liable to be overthrown at any time and species disappearbefore zoologists become aware of their existence. s Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 23, 1903, pp. 185-189 ; vol. 24, 1904, pp. 232-235. AKT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 5As Meyer and Wiglesworth * have already remarked, the avifaunaof Celebes is more closely related to that of the Philippines thanthat of any of the surrounding islands; this seems to be especiallytrue of the north. In the south, however, a southern element hasworked in and quite frequently a species will have a representativeform in both ends of the island. Mr. Raven's collections would seemto indicate that the southern forms extend much farther to the norththan has hitherto been suspected.Since the publication of Meyer and Wiglesworth 's great work"very few papers have been published upon the avifauna. Besidesthe two papers by Doctor Meyer mentioned above, Vorderman ^ haspublished a list of 118 forms of which none appear to be described asnew ; Madaras '' named a ground thrush, Geocichla frontalis; CharlesHose ^ published a list of the birds taken by him during a two months'collecting trip to the northern districts, especially on Mount Musa-rang, but the only new bird secured by him had already been namedby Sharpe some years previously and included by Meyer and Wigles-worth ; Doctor Hartert ^ published a paper on the birds of Tukang-Besi Islands and Buton; most of the mention of Celebes otherwisehas been in short notes, the revision of genera, or incidentally inpapers on other regions. Naturalists seem to have conceived the ideathat Celebes was well-worked so far as birds are concerned, thusinstead of stimulating research, Meyer and Wiglesworth 's work wouldseem to have discouraged it.In the following notes upon the forms, after a list of localitiesrepresented, I have endeavored to confine myself to facts supposed tobe additional to those given by Meyer and Wiglesworth, or to otheritems of interest to emphasize some fact. It is quite possible that Ihave overlooked some of the literature, but this has become so im-mense in recent years that it is almost inevitable; then authors havea habit of revising genera in a paper whose title would be easilypassed over by an investigator dealing with a definite locality.The species have been arranged in the order of Sharpe's hand list,though an arrangement following Meyer and Wiglesworth wouldhave facilitated comparison with that work, but an arrangement thatbegins with the hawks and ends with the grebes seems so fundamen-tally wrong and archaic that comparisons with modern lists of othercountries are loo difficult to make. * Birds of Celebes, p. 130. ^ Birds of Celebes, 2 vols., continuously paged, quarto, 1S98, pp. v-xxxii, 1-962, 7 maps,45 colored plates.?Natuur. Tijds. Nederl. Indie, vol. .58. 1898, pp. 26-121.^ Term^szetrajzi Fiizetek, vol. 22, 1899, pp. 111-113, pi. 8.?Ornis, vol. 12. 1903, pp. 77-177.9 Nov. Zool., vol. 10, 1903, pp. 18-38. 6 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. \ol. 64.Mr. Kaven's field notes have been put in smaller type followed byhis initials.For the loan of material used in determining some of the speciesand in characterizing two new forms, I am indebted to the authoritiesof the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and toJ. H. Fleming, Toronto, Ontario.Family MEGAPODIIDAE.MEGAPODES. 1. MEGAPODIUS CUMINGI GILBERTII Gray.One male, Pinedapa, February 6, 1918.The United States National Museum contains a small series ofthis species from the Philippine Islands (Fuga, Luzon, and Pala-wan). This series shows quite a little variation, both in size andcolor; the birds from Fuga Island (north of Luzon) are large anddark (varying from sepia to bister brown), while those from Pala-wan are smaller and much lighter and more reddish brown (neartawny olive) above. The only specimen from Luzon is an unsexedbird from the Taal Volcano; it is lighter than the Fuga Islandspecimens but much darker than those from Palawan. It is closerto the former, however, and could be placed with them withoutviolence. The single Celebes specimen listed above is smaller thanany other in the series before me; in color it is darker above thanthe Palawan bird but not as dark as that from Fuga and does notfit into either series. From the above it is evident that this speciesneeds revision, but one which my material is too scanty to under-take. As the Celebes bird is certainly not the same as that fromPalawan or the northern Philippine Islands, the only safe course itseems to me is to adopt the oldest name founded upon a Celebesspecimen and use it. This happens to be Megapodius gilbertiiGray ^'', which makes the distribution more intelligible also, as other-wise a closely related form {Megapodius sanghirensis) would comein between.There is one egg in the collection from Celebes without definitelocality. It is a light vinaceous-cinnamon and measures, 79.6 by50.8 mm.Meyer and Wiglesworth " have given a table of measurements oftheir series which, taken in connection with that in the NationalMuseum seems to show that the Celebes bird is smaller than that ofthe Philippines. The series before me measures as follows: "> Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 289. " Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 672. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. Number. 8 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol,. 64..from the large series before me match them in the above characters ; the bills also seem to be a little larger. This has led me to believethe Javan bird to be separable and I have named it Excalfactoriachinensis 'palnien^'^ in honor of the late William Palmer, who col-lected the type.The two Celebes males are small, the wings contain some rufous,,but not to the same extent as the Javan race; the back is like thePhilippine bird but not quite so dark, and they appear to be lighterbelow. They apparently represent a recognizable race that Gould ^*named and which will stand as above.I have seen no males from Australia, but judging from the plate inMathew's Birds of Australia " it is a very dark richly colored birdwith no rufous in the wing and well worthy of subspecific recogni-tion, if these characters hold good.The females show considerable individual variation and the racialdifferences are not so well marked. The mainland bird appears tabe lighter than the island forms represented in my series. OneAustralian female before me is very dark, but not as dark as thebird represented by Mathews.^* It can be almost matched by a speci-men from Mindanao (No. 191942) ; in fact, the Philippine bird ispossibly a little darker.One of the females taken at Toli Toli, December 16, is a bird ofthe year still in the streaked plumage below.The series available before me averages as follows : Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RELEY. 9 4. GALLUS GALLUS GALLUS (Linnaeus).One male, Kampa, February 12, 1915; one male, Tandjong Pen-joe, February 27, 1915 ; two females, Parigi, September 12, 25, 1916 ; one immature male and female, Laboea Sore, November 14, 26, 1916one downy young, Gimpoe, August 21, 1917; one immature male and -one immature female, Pinedapa, January 22, 1918.The two adult males from Celebes have been compared with onefrom east Sumatra and a fair series from the mainland, the Philip-pines, and three from Java. There is a good deal of individual varia-tion; hardly any two specimens are exactly alike. The mainlandand Philippine specimens, making allowances for variation, seemto be essentially the same, and those from Celebes are too close tothose of the Philippines to warrant separation. The three Javanmales differ from any before me in having the occiput darker andthe neck hackles more truncate, giving to the lower border wherethey rest upon the back a square appearance, quite different fromthose of any other region. Robinson and Kloss ^^ have noticed this ?character in the Javan bird and have shown that Gallus hankivaTemminck is the name to use for it, and it should stand in the futureus Gallus gallus hankiva.The name of the red jungle fowl has received a good deal of atten-tion in recent years, of which only the more recent need be con-sidered. Bangs and Penard ^^ tried to stabilize the nomenclature ofthe races and reached the conclusion that the names should standas follows:{a) Gallus gallus hankiva Temminck, for the Sundanese bird.{h) Gallus gallus ferrugineus (Gmelin), for the eastern main-land race.{c) Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus), for the western mainlandrace.This is all very well, but Robinson and Kloss ^'^ have called atten-tion to the fact that Linnaeus himself in the twelfth edition ofthe Systema Naturae (p. 270), had already restricted the typelocality to Pulau Condor off the mouth of the Mekong, and this ap-plies with equal force to the tenth edition of the Systema Naturae(p. 158), where the same locality is given. In a later article Kloss ^^says : " Nevertheless we can not accept Phasiaiius gallus of theSystema Naturae as the name of the Red Jungle Fowl for he hadused it previously in the Fauna Succica for domesticated Europeanbirds and it can not be employed again for something else." In this ^ Records Indian Mus.. vol. 19, 1920, p. 14." Pioc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 7, 1919, pp. 23-25." Records Indian Mus., vol. 19, 1920, p. 13.'"Idem, p. 182. 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vox.. 64. contention Kloss is in error, Linnaeus was nonbinomial in theFauna Suecica until the 1761 edition and the names used therebefore that time have no standing. Now as Linnaeus himself re-stricted the type locality by writing : " India oriental! : Pouli candor,etc.," when he named the species in the first work in which he wasconsistently binomial and which is universally recognized as thestarting point of our modern nomenclature, it seems to me the threeraces of the Red Jungle Fowl that have been recognized to dateshould stand as follows : (a) Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus), Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p.158 (Pulau Condor, off the mouth of the Mekong).{h) Gallus gallus hankiva Temminck, Pig. et Gall., vol. 2, 1813, pL87 (Java).(c) Gallus gallus tnurghi Robinson and Kloss, Records IndianMus., vol. 19, 1920, p. 14 (Chirala, Gya District, Bihar).The ranges will be the same as those given by Robinson and Kloss-in the last paper cited above.Family TRERONIDAE.FETJIT PIGEONS. 5. DENDROPHASSA GRISEICAUDA GRISEICAUDA (Wallace).A good series from the following localities : Kwala Besar, August24, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, February 19-25, 1915; Likoepang, March4-10, 1916; Toemaratas, July 6-8, 1916; Parigi, September 25, 1916;Toboli, October 25, 1916; Koelawi, January 31, 1917; Rano Lindoe,.March 6-15, 1917; Gimpoe, August 8 and 28, 1917; Doda, Besoa^October 24, 1917; Pinedapa, February 8, 1918.Treron griselcauda G. R. Gray ^^ is a nomen nudum and whenWallace^*' took up the name and published a description, basing itupon the Sula Island and Celebes birds (Salvadori^^ states the typesas from Macassar), he first gave it nomenclatural status, unlessSchlegel's ^^ use of the name should prove to be prior. This wouldmake OsTnotreron walluccl Salvador! ^^ a pure synonym of Trerongrisei-cauda Wallace and the name of the Java race would become^Dendrophmsa griseicauda pulverulenta Wallace.^*A young male taken at Doda, Besoa, October 24, 1917, is not long-from the nest, if indeed it had left it. It is parrot green, with the >?List Birds Br. Mus. Columbae, I806. p. 10.20 Proc Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 344, published February, 1863.? Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 21, 1893, p. 42.i^Nederl. Tijds. Dierkunde, vol. 1, 1863, p. 66. =?Cat. Birds Br. Mus., vol. 21, 1893, p. 42.^Treron pulverulenta Wallace. Ibis, 1863, p. 319 (Java). AET. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 11 mantle, wing-coverts, secondaries, and chest edged with lemon yellow,the edging on the chest very nan*ow ; the center of the throat gray-ish; belly white with yellow tips to the feathers; under tail-covertswhite, tipped with light yellow and with a dark green mark on theinner webs of the feathers ; outer tail-feathers blackish basally witha sub-terminal gray spot edged with green and narrowly tipped withwhite, the outer web green ; the other tail-feathers are similar, exceptthe white edging becomes yellow and narrower as the central feath-ers, which are without the gray subterminal spot, are approached.A slightly older specimen taken at Gimpoe, August 8, differs fromthe above in the tail pattern, the outer feathers being slate gray onthe inner web with a darker subterminal bar, the tip gray, narrowlyedged with yellowish white.Dendrophassa is common at Pinedapa but as they feed mostly on fruit ofthe taller trees here they are difficult to shoot ; in other places I have seenthem feeding on the fruit of small trees and saplings. They are very fond ofthe small yellow fruit of the Waringan. The flight is very rapid and whentaking wing they make a rather loud clapping of the wings as do nearly allthe pigeons and doves in Celebes.?H. C. R. 6. DENDROPHASSA VERNANS PURPUREA (Gmelin).?One male, Kwala Besar, August 24, 1914; one male and twofemales, Tandjong Penjoe, February 18-20, 1915; three males,Likoepang, March 11-12, 1916; one male and one female, Parigi,September 19, and October 5, 1916.An immature male taken at Likoepang, March 11, acquiring theadult plumage, has the gray of the throat, cheeks, and foreheadmixed with light green, as also the purple jugular band, the orangebreast patch is separated into two spots by a green band down thecenter. Several of the above males have the throats and foreheadswashed with greenish, the last traces of the immature plumage.The above series has been compared with quite an extensive onefrom the Philippines, the mainland, Borneo, and Java. From themainland form the Celebes bird differs in having the top of thehead, back, breast, and purple band noticeably lighter in color; infact, the gray of the head in Celebes specimens is slightly lightereven than in the two males before me from Java, though they seemto agree in other respects and the difference is slight. Even Philip-pine specimens appear to be slightly lighter than birds from themainland, especially in the southern islands. Bornean specimensseem to agree with those from Java. ^ For the use of this name see Hartert and Goodson, Nov. Zool., vol. 25, 1918, p. 355.Since the above was written Oherholser (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., v?l. 14, 1924, p. 298)has named the Celebes bird, Dendrophassa vemans zalepta. 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.The males of the series before me average as follows : VOL. 64. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 13 are light greenish tipped with yellow, the longer ones with lightcarmine; the greater and middle wing-coverts are narrowly edgedwith yellow, forming two wing-bars; the chin is grayish; otherwisethe body plumage is green ; the tail is a reduced replica of the adults.A slightly older specimen, a male, taken at Gimpoe, August 9, haslost one wing-bar and the edging on the greater wing-coverts is re-duced; the yellow-chin mark is appearing; the forehead is becominggray; otherwise it resembles the other young. A young female ofabout the same age, from Pinedapa, February 2, is without the yel-low throat. A young male taken at the same place and date as thelatter seems to be acquiring the gray head, yellow throat, and blackoccipital spot simultaneously, which does not exactly agree withwhat Meyer and Wiglesworth (Birds Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 609)have written.The distinctive sexual plumage seems to be acquired at least asearly as the post juvenal molt. From the above dates of young, thebreeding season probably extends more or less throughout the year.The crop of a male taken at Pinedapa, January 14, contained several hard redfruits, each about the size of the bird's head. A remarkable swift flyer ; theircoloration is very protective.?H. C. R. 10. MUSCADIVORES PAULINA (Bonaparte).One male, Kwandang, October 5, 1914 ; one male and two females,Likoepang, March 3-6, 1916; one female, Koeala Prang, June 8,1916; one male and one female, Laboea Sore, November 24, 28,1916; one female, Koelawi, February 2, 1917.All the above series show more or less coppery iridescence on theback in certain lights and it is especially strong in one of the femalesfrom Likoepang (No. 249113) but the male from the same localityhas the most uniformly green back of the whole series. I share withMeyer and Wiglesworth doubts as to the specific validity ofCarpophaga pidchella Walden.The United States National Museum contains a specimen fromTobea Island, Buton Strait, Celebes (No. 234,087), which has theear-coverts and hind-neck cinnamon-buff, deepening to cinnamonposteriorly and the specimen from Koelawi approaches it; these Iconsider individual variations only. 11. ZONOPHAPS FORSTENI (Bonaparte).Two males, Toemaratas, July 6, 7, 1916 ; one male and one female,Rano Lindoe, March 3, 14, 1917; one male, Gimpoe, August 9, 1917.The only species that is congeneric with the above is Zonophapspoliocephala (Hartlaub) of rather wide range in the Philippines;interesting as showing the close relations of the two faunas. 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64. 12. COMPSOENAS RADIATA (Quoy and Gaimard).One male, Toemaratas, July 7, 1916; one male, Rano Lindoe,March 16, 1917; two males and one female, Rano Rano, December23-27, 1917; two males Pinedapa, January 12 and 20, 1918.As this species differs structurally from Zono^haps Salvadori, inhaving the inner web of the three outer primaries widened about themiddle, then sinuated to the tips, instead of having the two outerprimaries scooped out about the middle, I have erected the genusCompsoenas ^? for its reception. Tlie only other species that appearsto be congeneric with the above is, Carjjophaga viindorensis "Wliite-head, of Mindoro, Philippines, but I have not handled a specimen ofthe latter ; the plate ^? indicates close relationship, however, and em-phasizes the derivation of the avifauna of northern Celebes.The iris consists of two bands of color ; the outer bright red, the inner blackanteriorly with the posterior half orange.?H. C. R. 13. CRYPTOPHAPS POEGILORRHOA (Bruggremann).One male and one female, Goenoeng Kalabat, April 11 and 191916.Crop filled with palm fruit.?H. C. R. 14, MYRISTICIVORA BICOLOR (Scopoli).One male, Kwandang, October 5, 1914. 15. MYRISTICIVORA LUCTUOSA (Temminck) . One female, Kampa, February 14, 1915; one male and one female,Likoepang, February 26, 29, 1916 ; two males, Manembo Nembo, June20, 1916; three males and two females, Parigi, September 19-28,1916; one female, Toboli, October 21, 1916.Family COLUMBIDAE.PIGEONS. 16. TURACOENA MENADENSIS MENADENSIS (Quoy and Gaimard).A good series from: Paleleh River, August 15, 1914; Kwandang,September 20, 1914; Toli Toli, December 19, 1914; Likoepang, March9 and 12, 1916 ; Toemaratas, July 4, 1916 ; Laboea Sore, November 21,1916; Koelawi, February 1 and 2, 1917; Gimpoe, August 20-27, 1917;Toeare, Bada, September 28, 1917 ; Pinedapa, February 4, 1918.A male taken at Likoepang, March 9 (No. 249,118), has the fore-neck, chest, and occiput a beautiful iridescent magenta purple, onlyslightly approached by a male from Laboea Sore (No. 250,083).29Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 34. 1921, p. 51. ?? ibis, 1896, pi. 11. ART. in. BIRDS FEOM NORTH CELEBES EELEY. 15 17. MACROPYGIA ALBICAPILLA ALBICAPILLA (Bonaparte).A small series of adults and young from the following localities:Paleleh Elver, August 8, 1914; Toli Toli, December 3, 1914; Likoe-pang, March 4-12, 1916; Koeala Prang, June 14, 1916; Temboan,July 20, 1916; Kano Lindoe, March 19, 1917; Gimpoe, August 6-12,1917; Toare, Bada, September 18-28, 1917.This bird has been made a subspecies^^ of Macropygia amboinensishy several authors in the past, but a comparison with that species -will convince any unprejudiced ornithologist that the differences be-tween the two are more than subspecific.Locally known (Likoepang) as Koeoo; the name being taken from itssnote.?H. C. R. Family PERISTERIDAE.DOVES.18. STREPTOPELIA CHINENSIS TIGRINA (Temminck).A good series of both sexes from the following localities: Soema-lata, September 8, 1914; Toli Toli, December 10-13, 1914; TandjongPenjoe, February 18-19, 1915; Likoepang, February 2^29, 1916;Manembo Nembo, June 22-24, 1916; Parigi, September 25-27, 1916;Toboli, October 25, 1916; Kasimbar, December 13, 1916; Koelawi, ?January 26-28, 1917; Rano Lindoe, March 7-24, 1917; Gimpoe,August 1-12, 1917; Pinedapa, February 15, 1918.This large series seems to be subject to considerable individualTariation but when compared with Javan birds, allowing for thisvariation, seem to be practically identical. Birds from the mainland{Malay Peninsula and Tenasserim) appears to be slightly darkerand larger, but the differences are very slight and not worth'recogniz-ing by name.The following averages will show how really close they are in size : Wing. Tail. Culmen. Eight males from the mainlandTen males from CelebesTwo males from Java mm.151. 6146.5148 mm.136.7138.7144 mm.16. 415. 415.7Many crops examined and found to contain paddy only.? H. C. R.19. CHALCOPHAPS INDICA INDICA (Linnaens).One male, Gimpoe, August 5, 1917.This specimen is lighter below than any specimen in an extensiveseries in the United States National Museum from various parts of 8' See Cat. Eds. Brit. Mus., vol. 21, p. 353 (syn.) ; Nov. Zool., vol. 10, 1903, p. 35, etc. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64.the wide range of the species, but with only one specimen it is im-possible to say whether this difference is constant. 20. CHALCOPHAPS STEPHANI STEPHANI Reichenbach.One male immature, Manembo Nembo, June 22, 1916 ; one male andthree females, Pinedapa, January 11-27, 1918.ClialcopJiaps stephani is a forest bird, preferring forests which offer muchshade so that the ground beneath remains damp even during dry weather.When feeding they walk and act much as domestic pigeons do and when,alarmed often remain motionless for a moment and then fly up rapidly, usually-causing a rustle amongst the leaves. Generally they fly but a short distanceand then alight again, usually close to the ground (within 6 to 20 feet of theground as a rule). In life the bill, which is weak and soft, is yellow; eyes-dark brown ; Skin about eyes dull reddish ; feet and tarsus reddish. The foodof one examined consisted of fruit and insect remains.? H. C. R.21. DIOPEZUS TRISTIGMATA (Bonaparte).One male, immature, Temboan, July 22, 1916 ; one female, LaboeaSore, November 14, 1916: five males and four females, Pinedapa^January 19-February 8, 1918.The above series shows quite a little variation within certain limits.Some specimens are much darker or browner than others. The ma-jority of the skins have the upper-parts washed with an iridescentgreen, only a little iridescent purple showing on the upper mantlein certain lights, while a few birds have the mantle strongly tippedwith a deeper iridescent purple and very little green. Some speci-mens have the purple nuchal band interrupted behind, but in themajority it is entire, though often very narrow posteriorly. The-yellow of the chest is more extensive in some specimens than inothers. In one specimen (No. 251732) the greater wing-coverts onthe right side are largely white, but not on the other and as this isone of the specimens with deep iridescent purple tips to the mantle,,the yellow of the chest most highly developed, the purple nuchalband very narrow, if not interrupted behind, and the plumage ofthe upper parts dark, I take it to be a very old bird.The Temboan specimen (No. 249638) is immature; the feathersof the back and wing-coverts are edged with rusty, the breast oneach side has some scattered russet-vinaceous feathers, and thenuchal band is broad throughout, light seal brown, with only one ortwo metallic purple feathers appearing; otherwise it is like theadult, except the iridescent purple of the mantle is very faint andthe tail pattern is different as mentioned beyond.The Laboea Sore female (No. 250088) has a smaller bill than thosefrom Pinedapa.A female from Pinedapa (No. 251736) is unique in the series.The jugulum and breast are dark gray and the breast is crossed ART. 16. BIEDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 17from the shoulders by an irregular bar of iridescent purple, divid-ing the yellow breast patch, which is poorly developed; and it isvery dark above with much iridescent purple on the mantle. Likesome other specimens the purple nuchal band is interrupted behind.Salvadori's ^^ description of the tail, which he uses as one of thecharacters to separate two Celebes forms in his key, is probably takenfrom a not fully adult bird in the case of his tristigmata^ as none ofthe adults before me are as he describes this feature. All the birds be-fore me, except the immature, have the five outer tail feathers slategray with a subterminal black band. The immature mentionedabove has only the two outer tail feathers slate gray with a sub-terminal black band, the next feather changing from olive to graywith a subterminal black band and gray tip, the next two olive withgray tips, and the remainder as in the adult. From the above, Ijudge, the skin of the northern form that he considered to be adultis not really so, and as mentioned above the nuchal band is eitherentire or interrupted in the same locality. As he had before himonly one specimen of the northern bird and one from the south, itappears as if his Phlogoenas himaculata is not well founded.For Phlegaenas tristiginata Bonaparte, which differs structurallyfrom Gallicohmiba Heck {Phlogoenas of authors), in having thetarsus about a fifth longer than the middle toe with claw, insteadof nearly equal, a different color pattern, and other characters, Ihave erected the genus Dioyezus?^This pigeon is very shy and extremely alert and though I have seen it severaltimes, I have never been able to obtain a shot. It inhabits heavy forest andflies up similar to a partridge, but before a gun could be raised it has dis-appeared amongst tlie dense foliage.?H. C. R.The food of two birds, which were examined by Mr. Raven, con-sisted of hard red fruits about the size of a pea, another hard fruitsomewhat larger, remains of a cicada, green grasshoppers, crickets,beetles, and small grubs.Family RALLIDAE.RAILS, GALLINTJLES, COOTS.22. HYPOTAENIDIA STRIATA STRIATA (Linnaeus).One male, Kwandang, September 15, 1914; one female, RanoJLindoe, March 22, 1917.These two specimens are in widely different plumages. The maleis in worn plumage and as Meyer and Wiglesworth's description ^* is ?-Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 21, 1893, p. 583.^ Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 34, 1021, p. 52.?* Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 693. 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64.taken from a Leyte, Philippine specimen, it may be briefly describedas follows : The top of the head and nape deep chestnut with a fewnearly obsolete black spots; upper parts, including the wing coverts-and tail, blackish, with some olive brown borders to the feathers(mostly worn off) and barred narrowly with white; remiges andwing coverts chaetura drab with broken white bars ; chin and throatwhite; lores, side of face, fore-neck, and breast neutral gray; sides,,flanks, belly, crissum, and under wing coverts chaetura black barredwith white, the belly much lighter; the bill is dusky, lead colortowards the tip, the base of the lower mandible horn color for two-thirds of the base (in the skin). It measures: Wing, 118; culmen^35 ; tarsus, 37 ; middle toe, 38.The female from Rano Lindoe is quite different. It lacks thechestnut of the head, it being similar to the back; the back, wing-coverts, and scapulars are black with broad olive-brown edges tathe feathers and with a few white spots on the upper back, in a fewfeathers of the scapulars and wing-coverts the spots become incip-ient bars; the primary coverts and remiges uniform chaetura blackythe first primary and a few of the inner secondaries with a few whitespots on the outer web only; below it is much like the male describedabove, except the flanks are lighter and the belly buffy white un-marked. I take it to be a not fully adult bird.The adult male seems to agree fairly well with Philippine speci-mens (the type localitj'^ of the species), except the white bars aboveare not interrupted (in Philippine birds the bars on the upper backare interrupted and more in the nature of spots) ; this may or maynot be a constant variation.An adult female in the United States National Museum from Java(No. 218,311) is quite different from the Philippine bird. The topof the head and nape are lighter; the edges of the feathers broaderand hair brown (not olive-brown), the black centers more restrictedand the white bars on the wing-coverts with dusky shadow bars ; thebars on the sides and flanks more restricted and almost entirely ab-sent from the belly; the bill yellow, only dusky at the tip (in theskin) . If additional specimens bear out these peculiarities, the Javanrace will have to be recognized and may stand as Hypotaenidiastriata gularis (Horsfield).^^ 23. HYPOTAENIDIA PHILIPPENSIS CHANDLERI (Mathews.) ??One female, Kwandang, October 7, 1914 ; one male and one female,Toll Toll, December 13 and 18, 1914; one female, Koelawi, Januarj' ^ Rallus gulat-is Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 13, 1821, p. 196 (Java).^ EulaUecmis philippensis chandleri Mathevrs, Birds Australia, vol. 1, pt. 4, Aug. 9,1911, p. 196 (Celebes). ART. 16. BIRDS FEOM NOETH CELEBES RILEY. 1931, 191T; one male and one female, Rano Lindoe, March 14 and 22,1917.Besides the above series, the United States National Museum con-tains a male, a female, and an unsexed specimen from Celebes, but Ionly have available for comparison two males and two females iromLuzon, besides a few additional specimens from the other parts ofthe extensive range of the species. The latter I am disregarding andwill confine myself to a comparison of the Philippine and Celebesmaterial. Mathews's ^^ diagnosis of the Philippine bird does notagree with the specimens before me in numerous particulars, onlytwo of which I will mention. The secondaries in none of the speci-mens before me reach the tips of the primaries by a considerablemargin nor are the flanks and breast washed with olive-brown. Thatsome of the characters relied upon by Mathews as geographic arereally seasonable or age characters, I am convinced. That the tawnypectoral band is not entirely absent from Celebes specimens is provenby a female (No. 248,148) from Kwandang, in which it is stronglymarked.The only differences that I can see between Celebes and Luzonbirds is the darker olive edgings of the feathers of the back, theaverage darker head and nape, and apparently heavier barring belowof the former. The measurements seem to indicate a bird withslightly longer tarsus and middle-toe in Celebes, though the seriesare too unequal to be conclusive.That there are geographic forms in the extensive range of thespecies there is no doubt, but that Mathews's treatment of them isonly tentative is equally certain, as it is not founded upon the ex-amination of a sufficient number of specimens. I prefer to recognizea race tentatively rather than to suppress it, even though the differ-ences are slight.The two series average as follows : Two males from LuzonThree males from Celebes.Two females from Luzon _Five females from Celebes Wing. 20 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, vol.64.The adult has the chin and throat black, the feathers obscurelyfringed with a little white; the two outer primaries are barred onthe inner web with white, these bars having a little cinnamon ap-j^earing towards the rachis on the third and the bars becomingentirely cinnamon on the fifth primary; otherwise it agrees fairlywell with the descriptions.The specimen from Kano Lindoe is not fully adult; it is muchbrowner on the back; the chin is white; only the sides of thethroat are entirely black, the center being barred black and white;the primaries are narrower than in the adult, the white bars onthe inner web of the two outer ones being almost obsolete, not morethan spots, and the cinnamon bars on the inner web are alsoobscure and basal; the inner secondaries are softer and longer andthe tail softer than in the adult ; otherwise it is like the adult.From the above it would appear as if the birds of this genus gothrough several stages of plumage before becoming adult. Natural-ists describing closely related forms should bear this in mind andtry to compare specimens of the same age. This is hard to determinein birds in which the young plumage resembles the adult and oftencan only be worked out by series taken during various seasons at ornear the same locality.Judging from descriptions, H. saturata of New Guinea and H. sul-cirostris of the Sula Islands are only subspecies of the Celebes bird.H. torquatm of the Philippines has been derived from the same stockas H. celebensis and only differs from it noticeably in the brownj)ectoral band of the former, but this difference is pronounced andconstant enough to keep them apart as species. 25. GYMNOCREX ROSENBERGI (Schleffel).One male and one female, Laboea Sore, November 16 and 21, 1916.Both are apparently adult and measure as follows, the male placedfirst : Wing, 194-208 ; tail, 74-73.5 ; culmen, 36-39.5 ; tarsus, 67.5-69 ; middle tone, 36.5-39.5.Bare skin behind eye, cobalt blue; eyelid reddish; iris brown; tarsus yel-lowish-green.?H. C. R. 26. RALLINA MINAHASA Wallace.One adult female, Likoepang, March 4, 1916.This specimen measures as follows: Wing, 132; tail, 63; culmen,26; tarsus, 42; middle toe with claw, 42. 27. OENOLIMNAS ISABELLINA (Schlegel).One male, Soemalata, September 3, 1914; one male and one female.Laboea Sore, November 18 and 28, 1916. AKT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RELEY. 21 28. POLIOLIMNAS CINEREUS OCULARIS Ingram.^sOne female, Toll Toli, December 10, 1914; and one male, TandjongPenjoe, February 16, 1915.The two specimens are darker on the head and back than threespecimens from Java before me. Philippine birds are dark abovelike the two Celebes specimens and it seems very probable that thisspecies breaks up into a number of local races. 29. AMAURORNIS PHOENICURA LEUCOMELANA (S. Muller).One male, Kwala Besar, August 24, 1914 ; one male, Toli Toli, De-cember 17, 1914; one immature male, Laboea Sore, December 14,1916; two males and two females, Rano Lindoe, March 6-19, 1917.Stresemann has revised the forms of this species ^^ but the materialavailable does not permit me to go very deeply into the subject, andmy only object is to find an available name to use for the bird in-habiting Celebes, I have compared my Celebes specimens with birdsfrom the surrounding region. I have only a pair of birds fromJava, which seem to have the black line on the sides of neck lesspronounced than in Celebesian specimens. Philippine and Borneanskins are somewhat intermediate between those from Java andCelebes, but probably incline more toward the former. In theCelebes series the white frontal band is very narrow, almost absentin the majority of the specimens; this also occurs in one specimenfrom the Philippines and one from Borneo. It may be a question ofage as it is always absent in undoubted immature specimens but thisseems to be approaching the adult condition in Celebes birds. Ofundoubted A. />. leucomelana, I have no specimens for comparison,but as the Celebes bird can not be referred to the race occurring tothe north or west, the only logical thing to do is to refer it for thepresent to the southern form. Stresemann seems to regard it as asort of intermediate between A. p. javanica and leucoTnelana^ withleanings toward the latter.Oberholser *'' described Amauromis phoenicura cleptea, whichStresemann*^ places in the synonymy of A. p. javanica, but theseries before me seems to show that this disposition of it is incorrect.The type oi A. p. cleptea is a female and somewhat aberrant, as twoothei" specimens from the same island have the lower abdomen andanal region tinged with isabella color and the lack of olive aboveis due to the worn condition; the females in all the races of thespecies are considerably smaller than the males. A small series from ^ See Stresemann, Nov. Zool., TOl. 21, 1914, p. 54. =?Nov. Zool., vol. 20, 1913, pp. 303-305.*" Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 60, no. 7, 1912, p. 2."Nor. Zool., vol. 20, 1913, p. 303.20183?25?Proc.N.M.vol.64 21 22 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAX. MUSEUM. VOL. 64.Simalur Island, all males, that Oberholser refers in manuscript tothe same race as the Nias bird do not bear out the character of smallsize, in fact they are intermediate in this respect between A. p.chinensis and A. p. javanica. A. p. cleptea is apparently a goodrace, somewhat darker and smaller than A. p. javanica.Below I give the average measurements of all the sexed adultsavailable to me : ABT. 16. BIEDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 23Hartert *^ has fixed the type locality of Viellot's Por'pliyr'io calvus asJava, as was previously done by Meyer and Wiglesworth."*^ Thelatter authors at the place cited also say that individuals of thisspecies differ in the two ends of the island of Celebes, but on thispoint my lack of material will not allow me to venture an opinion.I am using ** the oldest name founded upon a Celebes specimen,since it would be unwise to lump it with the Javan bird, especiallyas Sharpe*? has pointed out that the birds from south Celebes arenot the same as those from Java, but this author further says that,some specimens from north Celebes appear to be the same as thosefrom Java, while others from the same end of Celebes he refers t@Porphyrio smaragdiwus! The truth of the matter seems to be thatthe genus is badly in need of revision, "with ample material, andthat any identifications founded upon our present knowledge of theforms are merely tentative.Measurements of the Jour specimens. MuseumNo. 251679178002218821219157 Sex. Locality. MaleMale...Female . Besoa, Celebes-North Celebes.Batavia, Java.do 24 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAX, MUSEUM, vol.64.Family CHARADRIIDAE.PLOVERS.34. PLUVIALIS DOMINICUS FULVUS (Gmelin).One female, Paleleh, November 12, 1914; two males and one fe-male, Toli Toli, November 28-December 16, 1914 ; one male and twofemales, Eano Lindoe, March 24 and 25, 1917.The male, one of a pair, taken March 25, has begun to acquire afew black feathers of the breeding plumage on the chest and breast.35. CHARADRIUS DUBIUS (ScopoU).One female in worn plumage, Gimpoe, August 21, 1917.Similar to Luzon specimens (the type locality of duMus). Itmeasures: Wing, 113; tail, 53.5; culmen, 14. 36. CHARADRIUS PERONI (Bonaparte).One immature female, Tamboe, June 13, 1917.This specimen was bred on the island without a doubt, as it is ayoung bird in juvenal plumage, which is becoming somewhat worn.Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE.AVOCETS AND STILTS.37. HIMANTOPUS LEUCOCEPHALUS TIMORENSIS Mathews.A good series of adults of both sexes and one immature female,Rano Lindoe, March 3-26, 1917.Mathews *^ has separated the Timor bird with which he doubt-fully includes that from Celebes. I have no Timor specimens andonly one sexed specimen of typical H. I. leucocephaliLS^ but have threemales and one female from Mindanao and one male from Java.The two latter fall within the A'ariations of my Celebes series andundoubtedly belong to the same form. My single sexed specimen, amale, from New South Wales also falls within the variations of themales of the Celebes series, except the black hind-neck patch ismore extensive; in fact it has some black-tipped feathers on theocciput; this is unusual and no other specimen before me showsanything approaching this condition. The New South Wales birdmay be aberrant, as three unsexed specimens (but probably males)from Australia do not seem to have the black hind-neck patch sopronounced. Until a larger series of Australian specimens hasbeen examined, the only logical course is to recognize the northernbird as a distinct form from the southern, though it seems to restupon rather slender characters. To show the range of variation, ? Birds Australia, vol. 3, pt. 2, 1913, p. 150. AKT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 25the largest, smallest, and average dimensions are given of eightmales from Celebes: Wing, 205-234 (223.4); tail, 65-74.5 (70.8);culmen, 58.5-66 (62.4) ; tarsus, 110-124.5 (116.9) ; middle toe, 34r-40 (36.4).Below, for comparison, are given the averages of the males avail-able from the surrounding region : - 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM, VOL. 64. 43. RHYACOPHILUS GLAREOLA (Linnaeus).A good series from Koelawi, January 30-February 10, 1917; andRano Lindoe, March 3-25, 1917.Mathews *^ recognizes an eastern race of the well-known WoodSandpiper, claiming that it is smaller and paler, but after carefullycomparing an equal number of adults of both supposed races, I amunable to appreciate any tangible differences in support of his con-tention, either in plumage or size.I have taken four adult specimens of each sex from the two ex-tremes of the range of the species and carefully measured them, withthe following result : Eight adults, west.Eight adults, east. Wing. AKT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 27To the above I would add that the lesser wing-coverts in the plateof Scolopax rusticola mira are of the usual " rusticola " type, while, asremarked above, in Scolopax celebensis they are of a differentpattern, but I made a mistake in calling them notches, for furtherexamination shows them to be really bars. The pattern is quite dif-ferent, however, the black bars wide and the russet narrower; thereare no gray bars bordered by narrow black ones as in Scolopax rusti-cola. The feathers remaining at the base of the forehead of Scolopaxcelehensis are similar to the same area in Scolopax rusticola^ if notidentical, but quite different from this area in Scolopax saturata.Scolopax apparently has not been recorded from Celebes beforeand a more perfect specimen is much desired.Family JACANIDAE.JACANAS. 46. IREDIPARRA GALUNACEA GALLINACEA (Temminck).Two males, Toli Toli, December 13, 1914; and one female, RanoLindoe, March 26, 1917.These appear to be considerably darker above, especially on therump and tail, when compared with Irediparra gallinacea novae-hollandiae ( Salvadori ) . Comb bright red in life and loses its color within a few minutes afterdeath.?H. C. R. Family PLEGADIDAE.IBISES.47. PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS PEREGRINUS (Bonaparte).Three adult males, two adult females, one immature male, and twoimmature females, Rano Lindoe, March 7-13, 1917.The series available for comparison, consisting of one male fromEurope and one male and two females from North America, is muchtoo small to reach any definite conclusions regarding the forms, ifany, that this species might develop. The North American maleis slightly darker than the specimen of the same sex from Europe;the Celebes males appear slightly darker than the North Americanbird. Whether these slight differences would hold in a larger seriesonly the future can decide. The measurements are too scattered tobe of any value and are not given. I am following Hartert ^^ inrecognizing an eastern form.Birds in the Celebes series with the top of the head greenish, in-stead of washed with a purplish gloss, prove to be not fully adult, ?' Vogel palSark. Fauna, vol. 2, pt. 4, 1920, p. 1222. 28 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64.such specimens having the remains of a few very fine white stripeson the face and neck and a few black feathers scattered through theunderparts. Family CICONIIDAE.STORKS. 48. DISSOURA EPISCOPUS NEGLECTA (Finsch).One female, Toli Toli, December 16, 1914; one male and one fe-Qiale, Tandjong Penjoe, February 17, 1915; one male, Gimpoe, Au-gust 13, 1917.The above series, when compared with a male and female from themainland (Trong and Tenasserim), a male from Mindoro and anunsexed specimen from Mindanao, appears to be slightly smaller andthe bills (in the dried skin) differently colored. The bill in theCelebes bird is red for nearly two-thirds of its length from the tipand this color runs back along the culmen considerably further, onlythe basal third of the bill black, while in the mainland and Philip-pine specimens the bill is black or dusky for nearly its whole length,only the extreme tip and a narrow line along the culmen runningback as far as the nostril, being reddish. The purplish gloss to theupper mantle seems to be less extensive in the Celebes bird. Themainland and Philippine specimens seem to be the same, though thespecimen from Mindanao has the tip of the bill more extensively red-dish and in this respect approaches the Celebes bird.Doctor Finsch^^ in describing D. neglecta gave no definite typelocality but simply, cited the range as Java, Sumbawa, Lombok,Celebes, Philippines. Stresemann ^^ in recording it from Bali ques-tioned the two latter localities and for the Philippines correctly so,as I have shown above. It is certain, however, that the Celebesbird is not the same as that from the mainland and until we knowthe exact locality of the type of D. neglecta and compare typicalspecimens, I can not do otherwise than place it where the originaldescriber did.Dissoura sfojvni is represented in the United States National Mu-seum by specimens from Borneo and E. Sumatra. It is quite a dif-ferent species, smaller than Dissoura episcopus, the bill entirely redin the skin, with numerous other differences.The Asiatic specimens of Dissoura episcopus in the United S^^atesNational Museum measure as follows : ^2 Orn. Monats., vol. 12, 1904, p. 94. ? Nov. Zool., vol. 20, 1913, p. 332. ART. 16. BIRDS FEOM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 29 No. 30 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. vol.64.While the United States National Museum contains quite a seriesof these herons, mostly from the northern part of the range of thespecies, it is j^et inadequate for the working out of the various formsand I am referring the Celebes birds for the present to the typi-cal form, as Wetmore ^* has done for birds from the eastern Carolinesand other Pacific islands.I am convinced, however, that Mathews ^^ is in error in regardingthe white plumage as a separate species from the dark. The seriesbefore me seems to indicate that the white birds are only immaturesor at most only a phase of the slate-colored birds. There are severalspecimens in pied plumage, and even amongst the dark birds thereare at least two plumages?the well-known slate-colored adult and alighter-colored bird with considerable admixture of brownish feath-ers in the plumage. The Celebes specimens, listed above, illustratethe two phases of the dark plumage, and all indications point to thelighter-colored bird being immature. It lacks the elongate scapularplumes, and the other specimens in this plumage are similar; one ofthe inner secondaries of the left wing is edged with white at the tip.Of course the absence of the elongate scapular plumes may be dueto the nonbreeding season, but the general body plumage has thefluffy appearance of immaturity which can be better told than de-scribed. The evidence seems to show that the species goes throughseveral plumage changes; that it breeds in the white phase is nodoubt true, but this does not prove that it is a different species. Sev-eral North American -herons have more than one phase of plumage;DichroTnanassa rufescens^ for instance, and the young of FloridacaeruXea are always white, eventually assuming the slate plumage ofthe adults. 64. NYCTICORAX MANILLENSIS MINAHASSAE Meyer and Wiglesworth.One adult male, one adult female, and one immature female, Likoe-pang, February 22 and 24, 1916.The above two adults when compared with two adult males andthree adult females from the Philippines differ as follows: Theyhave a pronounced whitish superciliary; the throats are broadlywhite, and this white continues down the foreneck in a narrow unin-terrupted line until it merges into the white of the breast. In thePhilippine bird the superciliary is narrow and poorly defined (in onespecimen entirely absent) and cinnamon-rufous; the throats not purewhite and in one specimen from Luzon (No. 211274) with no whiteat all; and there is no white line down the foreneck. In fact, theCelebes bird forms a transition toward Nycticorax calcdonicus but 6* Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 63, No. 4, 1919, p. 171.^ Birds Australia, vol. 3, pt 6, 1914, p. 456. ART. 16. BIRDS FEOM NORTH CELEBES ^RILEY. 31 is darker than that form, especially on the sides of neck, and thetips of the long nuchal plumes are blackish. It would perhaps benearer the truth to treat both the above and Nycticorax manillensisas only forms of the wide-ranging N. caledonicus.The adult male from Celebes has the back warm blackish brownwith a plumbeous cast that varies in different lights; this is probablydue to age, as one of the Philippine birds shows an approach to thiscondition. The type of N. minahassae is evidently an extreme mani-festation of this plumage. 55. BUTORIDES JAVANICA JAVANICA (Horsfield).One male, Kapas Bay, July 22, 1914; three males (one immature)and one female, Koeala Prang, June 4 and 13, 1916; one male,Toboli, October 21, 1916.I have compared this series with two adult males from Java, andthe latter appear to have a little more pronounced white edging to thewing-coverts; otherwise they are similar, and until the species hasbeen revised they had better remain as above.Since the above was written, Hartert has published ^^ a review ofthe species and has reduced them all to forms of Butorides sttiatus,a South American species; a proceeding to which naturalists willhardly agree. 56. ARDEOLA SPECIOSA (Horsfield).Four males and four females Toli Toli, December 13-18, 1914;one male, Toboli, October 23, 1916 ; three females, Koelawi, January26, and February 1, 1917; one male and one female, Rano Lindoe,March 4 and 10,1917.This series, with a small series from Java, the latter consistingof young not yet from the nest and adults, convinces me thatMeyer and Wiglesworth's ^^ description of what they call the winterplumage is really that of the immature. All the birds in the Celebesseries taken in October and December are just like the breedingadults, except they lack the long nuchal plumes, the dorsal plumesare a little shorter and have more of a brownish tinge, and thescapulars usually lack the buff. The specimens taken in Januaryand March have the head and neck more or less marked with blackish ; the back blackish-brown ; the scapulars hair brown with some slightbuffy shaft streaks. The specimen taken March 4 (No. 250729) hasbegun to assume the adult plumage ; the blackish streaks have almostentirely disappeared from the head and neck, the slaty back plumeshave begun to appear, and there are buffy feathers present in the BO Vogel palaark Fauna, vol. 2, pt. 4, 1920,. p. 1250.6' Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 830. 32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64. scapulars. A nestling with the pin-feathers just appearing wastaken in Java, March 25, another slightly older, July 9, and anotherfrom the same island, completely feathered but with stubby tail,and the remains of the nestling plumage still adhering to themesoptiles, July 8. The latter has the head and hind-neck tawnystreaked with blackish, the jugulum and foreneck with feathersbroadly streaked centrally with ochraceous-buff, the back mummybrown with a cinnamon-rufous wash, and the outer primaries tippedwith hair-brown. In the next stage the back, scapulars, and tipsof the primaries are drab, the neck has become almost white withonl}' a few buffy and dusky streaks, the top of head darker and thedusky streaks more pronounced. After this stage the slaty dorsaltrain begins to appear, the jugulum deepens, and the streakings onthe head and neck becomes more pronounced, and then the markingson the head and neck gradually decrease again as the adult plumageis assumed. Most of the foregoing remarks on the plumage of theyoung are founded on Javan birds taken in spring or summer, inconjunction with our Celebes birds. As a matter of fact, the Celebesbirds are browner on the back, not so slaty as the breeding Javani birds, but this is doubtless due to season. 57. BUBULCUS IBIS COROMANDUS (Boddaert).Two males and two females, Rano Lindoe, March 8-13, 1917.These are often seen about wet rice fields and follow horses and water buffa-loes to eat flies and ticks.?H. C. R.58. IXOBRYCHUS SINENSIS ASTROLOGUS Wetmore.One immature male, Toli Toli, December 10, 1914.This specimen is too immature to show the characters of the raceand I am placing it here solely on geographic grounds. 59. NANNOCNUS CINNAMOMEUS (Gmelin).One male, Toli Toli, December 16, 1914.In this specimen the wing-coverts are lighter than the back, aboutthe same as the sides of the neck. There is a specimen from Javathat is similar and one from Mindanao that has the wing-covertspartially lightened, but in a second specimen from Java the wing-coverts are as dark as the back or nearly so; from this I conclude itis a matter of age. The Celebes bird is evidently fully adult as thereis no dark line down the center of the fore-neck. 60. DUPETOR FLAVICOLLIS FLAVICOLUS (Latham).One male, Rano Lindoe, March 20, 1917. ABT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 33Family ANATIDAE.DUCKS, GEESE, ETC.61. DENDROCYGNA ARCUATA ARCUATA (Horsfield).Six males and four females, Paleleh, Xovembcr 12 and 13, 1914;two males and one female, Likoepang, February 23-25, 1916.The United States National Museum possesses only two unsexedAustralian specimens of this duck, amongst a large series from thewide range of the species. These seem to have lighter and moreheavily spotted breasts than birds from the northern parts of itsrange.Mathews ^^ has rejected Anas arcuata because Horsfield ^^ only In-tended to rename or rather use what he considered an earlier manu-script name of Cuvier for his Anas javatiica,'^'^ but Horsfield de-feated his purpose when he published a named plate and diagnosis ofan entirely different species. Salvadori ''^ was correct in acceptingHorsfield's name for the present species founded upon the plate. AsDe7idrocy(/na arcuata and javanica are perfectly distinct species,both occurring in Java, and as the Australian form is a race of theformer, it will become Dendrocygna arciiata australis Reichenbach.''^ 62. DENDROCYGNA GUTTATA Schlegel.One male and one female, Likoepang, January 19, 1916.The first description of this duck is apparently tliat of Schlegel; ^^all previous uses of the name being nomina nuda. 63. ANAS SUPERCILIOSA PERCNA Riley."*Two males and two females, Dolo, December 26, 1916; one male,Winatoe, January 21, 1917; three males, two females, and downyyoung, Koelawi, February 2-3, 1917; one male, Rano Lindoe, March13, 1917.This series, while showing quite a little variation, agrees in beingdarker and smaller than the Australian form {Anas superciliosarogersi) ; the throats are noticeably of a deeper bulf, more pinkish.There is apparently no difi^erence in the sexes worth mentioning,even in size. The seven males measure: Wing, 240-266 (249.3);tail, 86-107.5 (97.4) ; culmen, 45-52.5 (49) ; tarsus, 42-45 (43.3) ; BSNov. Zool., vol 18, 1911, p. 9.B?Zool. Research. Java, 1824, pi. 64. ?? Trans. Zool. Soc. Loud., vol. 13, 1821, p. 199.?? Cat. Birds Br. Mus., vol. 27, 1895, p. 153.?2Nov. Syn. Av., No. 4, Dec, ISoO, [4], pi. 335, fig. 2650-51, ex Gould.MMus. Pays-Bas, vol. 6, No. 31, liv. 8, 1866, p. 85.?*Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 32, 1919, p. 93 (Koelawi, Celebes). 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64.middle toe, 4&-53.5 (51.6). The four females measures: Wing, 231-256 (249.7) ; tail, 92-100 (97.2) ; culmen, 48.5-52 (50.2) ; tarsus,40.5-45.5 (42.2) ; middle toe, 46-55.5 (51.6). Three specimens fromAustralia (only one sexed and that a female) measure: Wing, 275-255 (263.3) ; tail, 99.5-108.5 (103) ; culmen, 53-58.5 (54.8).Anas supercilosa felewensis is still smaller than the Celebes form,the buff of the throat is lighter, the auriculars and sides of neckmore heavily streaked, and there are other differences.The downj^ young taken at Koelawi, February 2, may be describedas foUows: Above sepia, darker on the rum,p; sides of face andlower parts, cream-buff, deepening on sides of face ; an obscure bandacross chest and a very narrow line down the center of breast, cin-namon-buff; a dark line from bill under and through the eye tothe najDc; a rictal spot and another on the auriculars, of the colorof the back; superciliary stripe, creamy buff; a line across hinderborder of wing, a small streak on the back on each side opposite thewing, and another small streak on each side of rump, cream-buff;flanks and crissum, a little lighter than the back.For a fuller discussion of the forms of this duck the reader isreferred to Mathew's Birds of Australia,^^ where references to thepertinent literature will be found. 64. NETTION GIBBERIFRONS GIBBERIFRONS (S. Muller).A good series of both sexes from: Toli Toll, November 28-De-cember 12, 1914; Kampa, February 14, 15, 1915; Tandjong Penjoe,February 16, 1915; Winatoe, January 21, 1917; Koelawi, February23, 1917; Rano Lindoe, February 24-March 13, 1917; Gimpoe,August 4, 1917.The above birds when laid out in series show quite a little varia-tion. The specimens taken in January, February, and the earlypart of March are much lighter below, without any chestnut wash onthe breast, and the throats are much lighter, also, almost white. Thebirds taken in the latter part of March and December have theunderparts strongly washed with chestnut and the throats tingedwith rusty, but in my opinion this difference in color is due tostain caused by iron in the water. The males have the foreheadsconsiderably swollen, much more pronounced in some specimens thanin others; it is very noticeable in the skeleton, but poorly developedor almost entirely absent in the females.A pair in the United States National Museum from Java are con-siderably darker on the back, wings, scapulai^, and tail than any ofour Celebes specimens and probably represent a distinct form. 85 Vol. 4, pt. 2, 1915, pp. 85-94. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 35Three skins marked as males, one female and four unsexed speci-mens (which from the absence of the swelling on the foreheads Itake to be females) before me from Australia have the edges of thefeathers of the back and breast lighter and the throats more exten-sively whitish than in Celebes birds. Mathews ''^ has named this raceNetlion castaneum rogersi^ but does not point out in the originaldescription how it differs from N. g. gibherijrons; later under Viragogibherifrons rogersi^'^ he concludes the Australian birds are largerand this seems to be borne out by the above series. It is possiblethat the majority of our Australian specimens are really females ofN. castanewin^ but the bird marked as a female (No. 85928) is quitea little smaller than the others and is probably N . gibherifrons. Sheis larger than any female I have measured from Celebes and thebuffy margins of the feathers above and below are much lighter;as this agrees with Mathews conclusions it is wiser to recognize theAustralian race for the present at least.A fine male specimen (No. 278783) of N. castaneurri from PortLincoln, South Australia, before me shows a great reduction in thesize of the swelling on the forehead, so pronounced in N . gibheri-jrons^ causing the head to appear of quite a different shape. Inthe old males of TV. gibberifrons^ where the above character is bestdeveloped, the forehead rises almost vertically while in N. castaneumit slopes gradually back to the crown. In my opinion both the abovespecies belong to the same genus, and lacking any other good char-acters to separate them from Nettion, it would appear that thegenus Virago is not well-founded.Five young in the down taken at Gimpoe, with the adult female,August 4, may be described as follows: Above fuscous-black witha brownish wash, darker on the head; two narrow white lines(one on each side) from near posterior base of wing to sides ofrump; a superciliary streak extending from lores to auriculars,chamois; a streak from forehead through eye to nape and an incom-plete " rictal " stripe that does not quite reach the rictus are the colorof the back; a spot on the outer border of wing and a stripe acrossmiddle of wing to back, buffy white; lower-parts, buffy-white, thechest crossed by a narrow seal brown band, shading below into aslightly wider band of a much lighter brown.Ten adult males measure: Wing, 179-192.5 (187.2); tail, 84-94(88.3) ; culmen, 34.5-40 (37.6) ; tarsus, 32.5-35.5 (33.9) ; middle-toe,38.5-43.5 (42); and 10 adult females; wing, 170-183 (176.8); tail^79.5-90 (80.2) ; culmen, 32.5-38 (34.5) ; tarsus, 31-34.5 (32.5) ; mid-dle-toe, 37.5-i2 (39). From the above it will be seen the female is o? Aus. Av. Record, vol. 1. 1912, p. 86." Birds Australia, vol. 4, pt. 2, 1915, p. 102. 36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64. smaller than the male. The female from Australia referred to abovemeasures: Wing, 194; tail, 84; culmen, 36.5; tarsus, 32; middle-toe, 37. 65. NYROCA AUSTRALIS (Eyton).One male, Rano Lindoe, March 26, 1917.This is an extension of the range of this species to the northward. "When compared with Australian examples, the above specimen ismuch darker on the head and back and the primaries are more exten-sively white on the inner web with little or no drab shading, excepton the outer primary and even then it is not so pronounced. It evi-dently represents a breeding form which for the present is best notnamed until more material can be examined.Band on forward part of bill almost white in life.?H. C. R.Family ANHINGIDAE.DARTERS.66. ANHINGA MELANOGASTER Pennant.Two males, Rano Lindoe, February 24, and March 26, 1917.Family FREGATIDAE.MAN-O'-WAR-BIRDS.67. FREGATA ARIEL ARIEL (Gray).One male, Toeriboeloe, December 16, 1916.I have no Australian specimens available but have a male from theAmirante group, Seychelles, taken August 29 {Fregata arieliredalei)^ and a male from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. From theformer, the Celebes bird differs in being much glossier above and onthe wing-coverts, the lanceolate feathers on the head and back beinga dusky bluish-green with purplish reflections in certain lights, thelesser wing-coverts bronzy-green, while in the Amirante specimenthere is little gloss above, the lanceolate feathers of the head andback being a dull black with only a slight greenish sheen, and thefeathers of the back with a subterminal band of iridescent purple;the lesser wing-coverts dull black with little bronzy green. TheCelebes skin has a larger and heavier bill. The Paumotu bird whencompared with that of Celebes, is duller, the lanceolate feathers ofthe mantle with more of a steely purple gloss. It more closely re-sembles the Celebes specimen than that from Amirante as was natur-ally to be expected. The bills of the three specimens measure asfollows : Celebes, culmen, 91 ; width at base, 28.Paumotu, culmen, 88.5 ; width at base, 23.Amirante, culmen, 85 ; width at base, 24. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES?RILEY. 37As the specimens at hand are so few I can not do better thanWetmore,*'^ who reported upon the Paumotu specimen, in arrivingat any definite conclusions and assign the Celebes bird to the typicalform. Family FALCONIDAE.HAWKS, EAGLES, ETC.68. CIRCUS ASSIMILIS QUIRINDUS Mathews.Nov. Zool.. vol. 3. 1896, p. 162. AKT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES ^RILEY. 39 73. ICTINAETUS MALAYENSIS MALAYENSIS (Temminck).One female, Napoe, Watoetaoe, November 20, 1917.This specimen is not quite adult. The abdomen has a few cinna-mon-buff streaks; the bend of the wing with whitish markings alongthe margin; the auriculars with some clay color streaks; and thenape with a few slight buffy markings. It is molting and the newtail and primaries have already been acquired and the wing-coverts,scapulars, secondaries, and back-feathers are in process of renewal.The new feathers are sooty-black with a greenish sheen in certainlights and show conspicuously amongst the older dark brown fea-thers of the plumage; the tail with dark grayish irregular shadowbars. It measures : Wing, 520 ; tail 290 ; culmen from cere, 29, whichis considerably smaller than an unsexed specimen from Darjeeling,India, with which I have compared it. 74. SPIZAETUS LANCEOLATUS Temminck and Schlegel.One adult male, Molengkapoti, Kwandang, October 25, 1914; oneimmature female, Laboea Sore, November 20, 1916. 75. SPILORNIS RUFIPECTUS RUFIPECTUS Gould.One male, Kwandang, October 9, 1914; one female, Laboea Sore,November 21, 1916 ; one male, Koelawi, January 6, 1916 ; one female,Gimpoe, August 23, 1917; one female, Pinedapa, January 31, 1918.The specimen from Kwandang has not quite acquired the fullyadult plumage. The back and chest are lighter than in the adult;a patch in the center of the chest and under primary coverts white,the latter with a few brown spots ; the feathers of the nape marginedwith cinnamon; and the bars on the underside of the tail muchfainter than in the adult. The bars on the tail of the female fromGimpoe are very faint and on the two outer feathers on each side arereduced to two, very narrow, near the tip; the chest is darker thanin the other adult specimens. It is molting, and the old, wornfeathers of the back are being replaced by dark new ones. 76. CUNCUMA LEUCOGASTER (Gmelin).One immature male, in the brown plumage, Kapas Bay, November18, 1914. 77. HALIASTUR INDUS AMBIGUUS Bruggemann.One male, Kwandang, October 7, 1914; one male, Koeala Prang,June 4, 1916 ; one female, Toboli, October 26, 1916 ; one male, Toare,September 20, 1917.The above specimens have been compared with a good series ofadults from the Philippines, one from Java, and one from Borneo.The Bornean skin does not seem to differ from those from the Philip- 40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64.pines; the Javan bird resembles those from the Philippines verjmuch, except that the shaft lines on the feathers of the head, neck,,and chest are more pronounced. The four Celebes specimens havethe shaft lines of the white areas very fine, in fact almost obsolete;this sometimes occurs in Philippine birds, but not so generally or taso pronounced an extent ; the Celebes birds are also somewhat smaller.Only one specimen of the Australian form, without definite locality,has been available for comparison. It is entirely without shaft stripeson the white areas. As the Celebes bird does not seem to be theGame as that from Java, the Philippines, or Australia, I am usingBriiggemann's name, founded upon Celebes specimens, as the onlysafe course.Mathews ^^ unites the Celebes form to that of the Philippines, butthere is no evidence in his work that he actually compared seriesof specimens from the two localities, apparently relying more uponthe literature. He may be right in assigning Javan specimens to adifferent form than that of the Philippines but he is not justified in.uniting the latter to that of Celebes. 78. ELANUS HYPOLEUCUS Gould.Three males and two females, Parigi, September 12-23, 1916; onemale, Gimpoe, August 20, 1917.Philippine and Javan specimens do not appear to differ in anyway from those of Celebes.The crops of the two specimens examined by Mr. Raven bothcontained the remains of quail {Excalfactoria) . 79. MILVUS IMIGRANS AFFINIS Gould.One male, Parigi, September 3, 1916; one male and five females^Laboea Sore, November 19-December 4, 1916; one female, Winatoe^January 21, 1917; one male, Koelawi, February 3, 1917; two male&and one female, Gimpoe, August 3, 23, 1917.No Australian specimens of this race have been available forcomparison.Never seen until a deer or other large specimen is being skinned.-?H. C. R. 80. PERNIS CELEBENSIS CELEBENSIS Wallace.One female, Koelawi, .February 8, 1917; one female, Gimpoe,August 23, 1917.The specimen from Koelawi is much like the plate in Meyer andWiglesworth,'^ except the black streaks on the throat and chest aremore numerous and broader, while the Gimpoe female has them " Birds Australia, vol. 5, pt. 2, 1916, p. 156. '2 Birds of Celebes, vol. 1. 1898, pi. 2. JS.RT. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 41less numerous and narrower. The Koelawi bird has the outer tail-feather worn off at the tip and the web worn down to the shaft forquite a distance. The two specimens measure as follows (theKoelawi bird first) : Wing, 370-375 ; tail, 260-265 ; culmen from cere,24-25.vCrops contained larvae of bees.?H. C. R. 81. LOPHASTUR CELEBENSIS (Schlegel).One adult male, Gimpoe, August 22, 1917.It measures : Wing, 300 ; tail, 205 ; culmen from cere, 23.English ornithologists generally persist in using Sharpe's name forthis hawk, though Meyer and Wiglesworth^^ had gone into the mat-ter and shown that Schlegel's name had priority. As my data issomewhat different from theirs, though the results are the same, Iwill give them as follows : Sharpe ^* described Baza erythrothoraxfrom Celebes. The paper in which it was described was receivedJune 13, but it was published in part 3 of the Proceedings, whichdid not appear until April, 1874. In the meanwhile Schegel '^^liad described it as Baza celebensis. This livraison is dated July,1873, and the copy in the United States National Museum was cer-tainly received within the year. Even if it should have come outmuch later in the year than the ostensible date it would have clearpriority over Sharpe's name and should be employed.82. CERCHNEIS MOLUCCENSIS OCCIDENTALIS (Meyer and Wiglesworth).One female, Kapas Bay, November 18, 1914; two females, Tand-jong Penjoe, February 19 and 23, 1915; one male, Temboan, July20, 1916; one female, Winatoe, January 10, 1917; one female,Koelawi, January 31, 1917 ; one male, Rano Lindoe, March 30, 1917 ; one female, Dampelas, June 14, 1917, one male, Gimpoe, August 20,1917.The above series shows some little variation. The female is moreheavily streaked below, the bars on the back are heavier, and the tailis narrowly barred with black, the male having the latter plain graywith a subterminal black bar and the top of the head with a grayishtinge. A specimen (No. 250766), marked as a female, and the meas-urement of the wing and barring of the back would indicate that itis such, from Koelawi, January 31, has the middle pair of tail feath-ers as in the male and only a few very faint indications of bars onthe inner web of the other tail feathers. This bird is approachedby another female from Tandjong Penjoe, February 23, and it would " Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 75.^* Proc. Zool. See. 1873, p. 62u.'EMus. Pays-Bas, No. 36, livr. 10, 1873, p. 135. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. VOL. 64.appear as if old females approach the males in this character. Amale from Temboan, July 20, has the back barred and the breaststreaked as in the females, and the tail feathers narrowly barredon the inner web. It is in worn plumage and may be a bird of theyear. A female from Tobea Island, Buton Strait, South Celebes,November 14 (No. 234092), is darker on the back than any specimenin the above series, but it is in fresher plumage, before much fadinghas set in. A Javan female. No. 218358, Buitenzorg, June 2, cannot be distinguished from Celebes examples in the same stage ofplumage, except for the thighs which are more heavily spotted.Oberholser^^ described Cerchneis moluccensis microbalia from So-lombo Besar, a small island between Borneo and Java. He evidentlyfounded this race upon a single male specimen, the type, which I havecarefully compared with our Celebes material. None of the sub-specific characters given in the original description seem to hold.The top of the head is rusty like the back as in the female, not witha grayish tinge like the fully adult male from Celebes, and the breastis more heavily streaked. These slight differences may prove to beindividual, not geographic. It might well be that Bornean speci-mens may prove to be separable from those of Celebes, as the twoislands have so little in common; if so, Oberholser's name may beavailable for such a race, but until that time there is no advantagein recognizing a form on mere conjecture. In any event Oberholseradmits that the ranges for the three races will have to be redrawn,as they appear to be more or less speculative.A specimen of Cerchneis moluccensis moluccensis from Ternate(No. 125027), marked as a male, but, judging from the color of thetop of the head and the barred tail, is probably a female, is darkerboth above and below and is less streaked on the breast than anyfemale in the Celebes series.The two extremes of the series before me are given in the measure-ments below : Three males from CelebesType of Cerchneis m. microbaliaSix females, CelebesOne female, JavaOne female,Ternate (Cerc/ineis m.moluccensis) Wing. mm.200-228230210-240214227 TaU. mm.136-150152140-162. 5141143 Culmenfrom cere. mm.15-161514. 5-16. 51518 83. ICTHYOPHAGA HUMILIS HUMILIS (Miiller and Sclileeel).Two adult females, Toli Toli. November 28, and December 22,1914. Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, 1917, p. 17S. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES ^RILEY. 48Dr. C. W. Richmond " has already pointed out that IcthyophagaLesson '^ is the proper generic term to be employed for this genus ofeagles, but he does not seem to have been followed by subsequentauthors. Ichthiaetus Lafresnaye^^ is preoccupied by IchthyaetusSweeting ?<> and is a nomen nudum, anyway.These two specimens measure as follows : 44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64.H. Kirke Swann has informed me, since the above was written,that the above specimens are smaller than Australian birds andthat he now believes the Celebes bird belongs to the form describedby BrasiP^ from New Caledonia as Pandion haliaetus micro-haliaetus, but for the present I prefer to leave them as above.Otherwise the distribution would be hard to understand.Family STRIGIDAE.HORNED OWLS, ETC. 85. OTUS MENADENSIS MENADENSIS (Quoy and Gaimard).A male not long from the nest, Likoepang, March 11, 1916: oneadult male, KalaAvara, July 22, 1917; one immature male moltinginto the first adult plumage, Gimpoe, August 12, 1917. 86. NINOX SCUTULATA JAPONICA (Temminck and Schlegel).One male and one female, Kapas Bay, November 21 and 22, 1914.These specimens are apparently identical with birds from Corea. 87. NINOX OCHRACEA (Schlegel).One adult female. Toll Toli, November 25, 1914; one young fe-male, Gimpoe, August 11, 1917; one adult male and one young male,Pinedapa, January 12, and February 28, 1917.The female taken at Toli Toli differs somewhat from the adult onplate 4, of Meyer and Wiglesworth's Birds of Celebes. The buff ofthe chest and belly is much deeper and extends in a narrow line al-most to the chin, separating the dark chest band, the feathers ratherbroadly streaked centrally with brussels brown; and there is not somuch white on the chin. It measures: Wing, 188.5; tail, 106; cul-men from cere, 13.5. The adult male from Pinedapa is very similarto the above female but is even darker above and below, especially onthe chest and belly. It measures: Wing, 184; tail, 108.5; culmenfrom cere, 13.The young female, taken at Gimpoe, August 11, is slightlyyounger than the young male from Pinedapa, February 28; bothhave some of the downy first plumage still adhering to the lowerparts. They are similar to the adults but of a darker brown above ; the chest and belly pinkish buff with some almost obsolete cloudingsof sepia.The adults of this jgpecies are commonly heai'd during the night and are easilyrecognizable by their plaintive one syllabled note, which late at night is oftenthe only sound heard, other than that of insects and batrachians.?H. C. II. ^Rev. Franc. Orn., vol. 4, 1916, p. 201. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 45Family TYTONIDAE.BARN OWLS.88. TYTO ALBA ROSENBERGI (Schlegel).One female, Manembo Nembo, June 28, 1916; one male, Parigi,September 20, 1916.The above female has the facial disk, back, and lower parts darkerthan in the male, especially the face and lower parts; the tarsus ismore heavily feathered and deeper in color, the lower parts moreheavily spotted with dark brown, the spots having more a tendencyto form bars. It may be that more than one form of the speciesoccurs in Celebes.A single male of the Javan race {Tyto alba javanica) before meis much lighter in every way than my Celebesian male, but whetherthis would hold in a larger series it is impossible for the present tosay.The Celebesian race is so very different in color and size from trueTyto alba that it is very doubtful indeed if the former should bemade a race of the latter, but I prefer to make no change for thepresent. Family LORIIDAE.LORIES.89. TRICHOGLOSSUS ORNATUS (Linnaeus).A good series from the following localities: Kwala Besar, July29-31, 1914; Soemalata, September 4-8, 1914; Kwandang, September16-October 7, 1914; Paleleh, November 13, 1914; Toli Toli, Decem-ber 18, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, February 17-20, 1915; Likoepang,January 17-March 12, 1916; Manembo Nembo, June 22-24, 1916;Toemaratas, July 5-9, 1916; Parigi, September 20-October 5, 1916;Toboli, October 20-25, 1916; Rano Lindoe, March 3-23, 1917; Gim-poe, August 3-28, 1917; Pinedapa, February 1-6, 1918.Common about cleai'ings and villages and very noisj- ; food mostly soft fruit,buds, and sweet blossoms.?H. C. R.90. EUTELIPSITTA MEYERI MEYERI (Walden).Five males and four females, Toemaratas, July 5-8, 1916; threemales and one female, Laboea Sore, December 18, 1916; one maleLindoe Trail, February 25, 1917.This series is very uniform and the only variation is such as wouldbe accounted for by age. The yellow subterminal bar on the feathersof the mantle is much reduced in some specimens, probably birds notfully adult. 46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL, MUSEUM. vol.64.Mathews ^^ has shown that Psitteuteles can not be used for thisgenus and has proposed Eutelipsitta in its place.If this genus is to be retained, it would seem to me that THcho-glossus johnstoniae Hartert of Mindanao should be placed in it.Family CACATOIDAE.COCKATOOS. * 91. CACATOES SULPHUREA (Gmelin).A good series of both sexes from the following localities: KwalaBesar, August 24, 1914; Kwandang, September 17-19, 1914; Tand-jong Penjoe, February 17-20, 1915; Parigi, September 20-27, 1916;Toboli, October 21-26, 1916 ; Laboea Sore, November 21-26, 1916.This does not occur in Minaliassa, but is common at Kwandang.?H. C. R.Family PSITTACIDAE.PASROTS, PARAKEETS, ETC.92. PRIONITURUS PLATURUS PLATURUS (Vieillot).A good series of both sexes and young from the following local-ities: Kapas Bay, July 22 and November 20-23, 1914; Kwandang,September l7-October 26, 1914; Paleleh, November 9-13, 1914; ToliToli, November 28-December 18, 1914; Teteamoet, February 1-3,1916; Likoepang, March 11, 1916; Rano Rano, December 20, 1917.The series of males varies considerably. The occipital spot rangesfrom mineral gray through light violet plumbeous to slate blue, themajority being light violet plumbeous. The wing coverts vary frompea to vertiver green, with the bend of the wing not conspicuouslydifferent to strongly marked with light violet plumbeous or slateblue. The back is more or less washed with a grayish cast to plainparrot green.These parrots may be considered common in this locality (Teteamoet), andthough often difficult to reach are heard almost continually during the day andoften seen flying In numbers high above the heavy forest. It is here known askeli keli.?B.. C. R. 93. PRIONITURUS FLAVICANS Cassin.A fair series from the following localities: Tandjong Tango,August 28, 1914; Kwandang, October 8-26, 1914; Paleleh, November13, 1914; Likoepang, January 13 and March 4-11, 1916; Toemaratas,July 9, 1916; Temboan, July 20, 22, 1916.94. TANYGNATHUS MUELLERI MUELLERI (Temminck).A good series from the following localities: Paleleh, August 19,1914; Kwala Besar, August 23, 1914; Soemalata, September 4, 1914;M Nov. Zool., vol. 18, 1911, p. 10. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 47Kwandang, September l7-October 9, 1914; Kapas Bay, November21-22, 1914; Toll Toli, December 1-20, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, Feb-ruary 16-18, 1915; Likoepang, March ^12, 1916; Manembo Nembo,June 24, 1916 ; Parigi, September 9-26, 1916 ; Toboli, October 18-27.1916; Laboea Sore, November 12-28, 1916; Koelawi, Jamiary 26,1917; Rano Lindoe, March 22, 1917; Gimpoe, August 5-23, 1917;Pinedapa, February 3, 1918.A male taken at Koelawi (No. 250820) differs from any other inthe series in having the fore neck and chest strongly suffused withapricot orange, overlaid with green. A female taken November 12(No. 250133) has the pileum strongly washed with Venetian blue andthe feathers of the upper back edged with the same color; one ormore other specimens have the feathers of the upper back edged withblue, but the above specimen is unique in the color of the pileum.All the specimens marked as females by the collector have the billhorn color ; only the adult males have it red.95. LOKICULUS STIGMATUS (MUller and Schlegel).A good series from the following localities : Paleleh River, August11, 1914; Kwandang, September 16-29, 1914; Toli Toli, December11, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, February 18-26, 1915; Likoepang, Janu-ary 21-March 11, 1916 ; Manembo Nembo, June 24, 1916 ; Toemaratas,July 5-8, 1916; Parigi, October 5, 1916; Toboli, October 19-22, 1916;Toewoeloe, January 16, 1917; Gimpoe, August 3-26, 1917; Toare,Bada, September 20-28, 1917.The immature, able to fly, only differ from the adults in beingduller and having the throats yellow, instead of red; the red throatapparently bemg the last adult character to appear.Family CORACIIDAE.ROLLERS. 96. CORACIAS TEMMINCKI (VieUlot).A good series of both sexes and young from the following locali-ties: Tandjong Tango, August 28, 1914; Kwandang, September 17,October 7 and 16, 1914; Palaleh, November 13, 1914; Toli Toli, De-cember 6 and 20, 1914; Kampa, February 14, 1915; Teteamoet, Feb-ruary 2, 1916; Likoepang, February 19-March 6, 1916; ManemboNembo, June 24, 1916 ; Toemaratas, July 7-9, 1916 ; Temboan, July28, 1916; Kasimbar, December 13, 1916; Dampelas, June 14, 1917;Pinedapa, February 8, 1918.Two young taken July 30, 1916, have the blue crown washed withdusky; the throats and chests dusky with only a slight purplishwash, and the throats quite heavily streaked with light blue. 48 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64.The majority of the adults have the throats sparsely streaked withlight blue, but a few have not; the latter are probably old birds, asjudging from the young the more dusky chest and streaked throats^are remains of the immature dress.A specimen (No. 248434) taken December 20, 1914, differs fromany other in the series in having the throat more heavily streaked fthe tail tipped narrowly on the outer and broadly on the centralfeathers with dusky blue-green ; and an elongated spot on the outerweb of the outer tail-feather near the tip bremen blue. That it is-an immature bird is shown by its dusky throat and chest, less brightcrown, the olive-brown tinge to the back, and the greater and lesserwing-coverts tipped with green. From the two younger birds men-tioned above, it differs in the green tips to the outer tail-feathers,but as these are worn in the younger birds they were probably lostby abrasion.Coracias temmincki differs structurally from Coracias garrulus.The bill in the former is stronger and heavier; the outer tail-feather in C. garrulus is slightly narrowed towards the tip and none-of the tail-feathers are especially broad, while in C. teimnincki allthe tail-feathers are broad and rounded. G. temmincki has thefourth primary longest, the third a little shorter, while C. garrulushas the second primary longest, the third a little shorter. As atpresent constituted it would be a very hard matter to draw up adiagnosis of Coracias. The long-tailed African species are even moreaberrant than G. temmincki.The two young taken at Temboan, July 30, are three days out of the nest,,a hollow tree near the edge of a clearing.?PI. C. R.97. EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS CONNECTENS Stresemann.*^A fair series from the following localities: Toli Toli, December17, 1914; Likoepang, January 17-19, 1916; Batoe Hangoes Baroe,June 12, 1916; Parigi, September 16, 1916; Gimpoe, August 2-25?1917. Family ALCEDINIDAE.KINGFISHERS.98. RAMPHALCYON MELANORHYNCHA MELANORHYNCHA (Temminck).One male, Kwala Besar, August 23, 1914; one female, Kampa^February 15, 1915; one male, Batoe Hangoes Baroe, June 2, 1916;one male and two females, Dampelas, June 4 and 14, 1917 ; one male,Pinedapa, January 21, 1918. ?Nov. Zool., vol. 20, 1913. p. 302. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 49The specimens from Dampelas are very much faded, the blue hassilmost entirely disappeared from the scapulars, leaving them drab; ?cme of the females has the tail much worn.A female in the United States National Museum (No. 234102)from Dodepo Island, Gulf of Gorontalo, November 16, has the top ofthe head more extensively gray than any in the series collected byRaven; the culmen is longer and the base of the bill seems to havebeen of a different color in life. These differences may be individual.The bill is malformed, the lower mandible being considerably longerthan the upper.Interior of the bill and mouth salmon colored ; exterior of bill black ; feet?almou coloi'ed, except the toes and lower part of tarsus above, which arewashed with blackish.?H. C. R.99. ALCEDO ATTHIS HISPIDOIDES Lesson.Three males from: Tandjong Tango, August 28, 1914; Kwandang, .September 15, 1914; Koeala Prang, June 14, 1916.A female in the United States National Museum, No. 234,101,from Amboina, wlien compared with the three Celebes males has ashorter and heavier bill; the lower mandible ochraceous for abouthalf the length from the base ; and the patch of specialized featherson the sides of the neck behind the ear-coverts, white. In all threeof the Celebes males the lower mandible is black to the base and thepatch of specialized feathers on the sides of the neck, bufl'y. Whetherthe above differences are sexual or not I am not prepared to state.The race is so very different from Alcedo atthis that I have grave Nov. Zool., vol. 20, 1013, p. 315. 50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64.In establishing the generic name Entomothera Horsfield ^? sayson the page opposite to the one on which he proposed the name: '' Alcedo sacra furnishes a sample of this genus." To my mind thisis fixing the type but it is not in accordance with the InternationalCode. He should have said " type," a term probably unknown tohim in the modern sense. If the common-sense view of the matterwas taken Entomothera should be used in place of Sauropatis Ca-banis and Heine ^^ and the generic name for the Ruddy King-fishers would be Calialcyon Bonaparte.^^ 102. SAUKOPATIS SANCTA (Vigors and Horsfield).Five males, Koeala Prang, June 4r-18, 1916.The Australian material available consists mostly of females. Theonly male from New South Wales in the lot when compared withthe Celebes series appears to be bluer on the wings and to belighter below. A male from northern Australia (Port Darwin) isduller than the New South Wales male with a broader black nuchalcollar; the former is in more worn plumage, however. There seemsto be no constant difference in size between Celebes and Australianbirds. Anyway the material at my command is inadequate to workout the various forms into which this kingfisher has been divided.There is some doubt as to whether it is resident in Celebes.103. SAUROPATIS CHLORIS FORSTENI (Bonaparte).A good series of both sexes from: Toli Toll, December 10-18,1914; Kampa, February 14, 1915; Tandjong Penjoe, February 19,1915; Likoepang, February 23-March 11, 1916; Ayemadidi, May 5,1916; Koeala Prang, June 18, 1916; Manembo Nembo, June 23,1916 ; Toemaratas, July 3, 1916 ; Toboli, October 17-23, 1916 ; Dolo,December 26, 1916 ; Lindoe Trail, February 25, 1917 ; Rano Lindoe,March 3-15, 1917; Gimpoe, August 1-25, 1917; Napoe, Watoetaoe,November 20, 1917 ; Pinedapa, January 13, and February 13, 1918.104. CITTURA CYANOTIS (Temminck).One male, Kwala Besar, July 31, 1914; one male, Paleleh, Novem-ber 12, 1914; one female, Teteamoet, January 23, 1916.The male from Kwala Besar is darker on the head, back, and tailthan the one from Paleleh, but as it has a black bill, I presume it isimmature, though it shoAvs no other sign of not being fully adult.105. MONACHALCYON MONACHUS INTERMEDIUS Hartert.One male, Laboea Sore, November 15, 1916; one female, Parigi,September 22, 1916. ^ Zool. Research. Java, 1824, text to Aloedo bini.?'Mus. Hein., pt. 2, 1860, p. 158, type Halcyon sanctus Vigors and Horsfield)."^Consp. Av., Vol. 1, 1850, p. 156, type Alcedo coromanda Latham. AET. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 51The male has the top of the head very deep indigo blue, shading offinto a blackish tinge on the crown and forehead, the lower partmuch lighter than in the typical form. In the female the blue onthe head is much lighter but still darker than in northern birds.They both probably belong to the above race.Bill blight red ; feet reddish flesh color below and behind, brown above. Veryshy.?H. C. R. Family BUCEROTIDAE.HOBNBILLS.106. RHABDOTOKRHINUS EXARATUS (Temminck).One female, Paleleh River, August 8, 1914; one male and one fe-male, Teteamoet, February 4, 1916 ; one female, Koeala Prang, May8, 1916 ; one male, Temboan, July 30, 1916 ; one male and one female.Loboea Sore, November 28, 1916; one male, Koelawi, February 1,1917; three males and one female, Rano Lindoe, March 21-22, 1917. 107. CRANORRHINUS CASSIDIX (Temminck).A fair series of males and females from: Paleleh River, August9-15, 1914; Kwandang, October 24, 1914; Paleleh, November 10,1914; Teteamoet, January 25 and 29, 1916; Koeala Prang, May 28,1916; Pinedapa, January 10-February 8, 1918.The smooth, peculiarly shaped casque and the fact that it has thecorrugations at the base of both maxilla and mandible entitle thisspecies to stand alone. The other species usually placed in the genus,with the corrugations at the base of the mandible only, I have pro-posed to remove and have named Granobrontes^^ with Buceros levrcocephalus Vieillot as the type.Family MEROPIDAE.BEE-EATEHS.108. MEROPS PHILIPPINUS JAVANICUS Horsfteld.Five males and seven females from the following localities:Koeala Prang, May 28, 1916 ; Parigi, September 12, 1916 ; Rano Lin-doe, March 6-26, 1917.Wlien laid out in series alongside birds from the Philippines andviewed from one side, the Celebes bird appears to be of a deepergreen; the rump, tail, and under tail-coverts a purer blue; and thebreast more greenish. Two Javan specimens seem to agree best withthe Celebes series, and so for the present I am assigning the latter tothe same race.M Proc. Biol. Soo. Wash., vol. 34, 1921, p. 52. 52 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 64.A female taken at Koeala Prang, May 28, is an immature moltino;into the adult plumage and was undoubtedly bred on the island.The various series average as follows : Four males, CelebesEleven males, PhilippinesOne male, JavaFour males, lower Siam and Malay PeninsulaTwo males, south Pagi and SimalurThree males, NicobarsFour females, CelebesFive females, PhilippinesOne female, JavaOne female, West Sumatra Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 53greenish on the nape and hind-neck; the gorget with tlie blue lessintense than in the adult and the feathers tipped with dusky green-blue; otherwise much as in the adult except the central feathers arenot produced beyond the remainder. An immature female taken atPinedapa, February 1, is molting into the adult plumage. It hasacquired the chestnut hind-neck band; the blue of the top of thehead and gorget of the adult is appearing ; the breast and belly arestill strongly tinged with green ; the central tail-feathers have al-ready been acquired.I have no specimen of Meropogon forsteni forsteni for comparison.The measurements of the undoubted adults in the above series aregiven below : Cat. No. 54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, vol.64.lighter, the vermiculations on the back finer and the tail-bars above narrower.P'rom the latter it is much closer in color and forms a connecting link ; thechief difference is the unbarred belly.Caprimulgus affinis mindanensis Mearns " is a dark bird like true affinisbut with finer vermiculations above and with the belly barred, with whichthe present form hardly needs comparison. It seems strange that the Celebesbird should resemble the one from Luzon rather than that from Mindanao.Since writing the above, I have reexamined the above forms butcan add little to the published descriptions. The only resemblancebetween CapHmulgus affmis afinis and Caprimulgus affinis pro-pinquus is the unbarred belly in the two forms.113. CAPRIMULGUS CELEBENSIS Grant.One male, Soemalata, September 6, 1914; one male, Kwandang,October 25, 1914.The character of the length of the rictal bristles relied upon byOgilvie-Grant to separate this from all other species of Caprimulgusdoes not hold true; they are just as long and heavy in C. macrurusmacruims and in C, manilensis. The present species resemblesG. m/milensis very much, the chief difference being that in the latterthe white tip to the outer tail-feather does not extend across theouter web. I agree with Meyer and Wiglesworth ^^ that both willeventually only be ranked as forms of C. macimrus^ as has been doneby Hartert ^^ but not by Oberholser.^Family HEMIPROCNIDAE.TREE SWIFTS.114. HEMIPROCNE WALLACEI (Gould).One male, Likoepang, January 13, 1916.Family MICROPODIDAE.SWIFTS.115. COLLOCAUA ESCULENTA ESCULENTA (Linnaeus).One male and two females, Goenoeng Kalabat, April 9, 1916; onemale, Koeala Prang, June 5, 1916; two males and two females,Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 31, 1917.The male from Koeala Prang (No. 249748) has the light spot atthe base of the outer tail feather on the inner web much restrictedand gray like the outer web (seen from below), only showing whitishalong the shaft; on the next two feathers the white is more pro-nounced. It differs also from the other males as follows: theprimaries and their coverts are largely dusky slate-violet ; the wing- ? Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, 1915, pp. 587-590." Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 18, 1905, p. 85. ?8 Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 321." Nov. Zool., vol. 13, 1906, p. 296. ART. 16. BIKDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 55 coverts, secondaries, and scattering feathers on the back and headare tipped with a brighter violet ; the tail is washed with violet. Itis evidently an immature bird and is smaller than the other males.The remaining males are probably adult and are of a shining duskydull bluish-green above ; the wings and tails with a steely-blue cast incertain lights; the basal spot on the inner web of the outer tailfeathers is pure white. Two of the females in color are preciselylike the adult males, while two are like the immature male, except thebasal spot on the inner web of the outer tail feathers is more pro-nounced, though reduced in size. This can hardly be due to imma-turity as one taken at Besoa, October 31, has the outer tail featherand tips of the primaries worn while the other is one of the birdstaken April 9. It may be that it takes more than a year to acquirethe fully adult plumage. The males average larger than the females.The three adult males measure: Wing, 102-105 (103.5) ; tail, 37-43(39.2) ; culmen, 3.5-4 (3.8). The four females measure: wing, 96.5-101 (98.9) ; tail, 37.5-40 (39.1) ; culmen, 3-4 (3.5). The immaturemale measures: wing, 94.5; tail, 37; culmen, 4.From the above it would appear that some of the very smallmeasurements accorded the wing by authors, along with normalmeasurements in the various forms of this genus, was due to the in-clusion of immature specimens, as in most of the races the onlyway to tell the adults from birds of the year is by size.I have been unable to compare the above series with any otherspecimens of the species.These probably nest in holes in the rock on the slopes of the crater (Kala-bat).?H. C. R. 116. COLLOCAUA VESTITA AENIGMA RUey.2Two males and three females, Parigi, September 10, 1916; onemale and two females, Gimpoe, August 1 and 29, 1917 ; one male andtwo females, Pinedapa, February 13 and 21, 1918.The above series is very uniform in color. Four specimens ofCollocalia vestita vestita from Java before me are olivaceous blackNo. 1 above; sooty hair brown below, the throats little lighter thanthe breast, while in Collocalia vestita aenigma the back is a shiningblack with little or no olivaceous sheen ; the lower parts smoke gray,the chin and throat a silvery pale smoke gray or even whitish. Theupper surface of the wings and tail in Collocalia vestita aenigmahas a more deep dusky violet cast, not so olivaceous as in Collocaliavestita vestita from Java. There is apparently no difference insize. To Collocalia vestita meamsi of the Philippines, the Celebesrace is more closely related, but differs in being darker above, thewings externally with a more dusky violet gloss; below it is lighter,especially on the throat. The Celebes form is slightly larger. ?Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 31. 1918, p. 156 (Parigi, Celebes). 56 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 64.Collocalia vestita aenigma belongs to the feathered-tarsi sectionof the genus, and in the above series I can only find three specimensthat have the tarsi apparently bare, but the series is more or lessin molt and some specimens that at first sight have this memberapparently denuded when examined under a glass show one or twominute feathers. The three specimens above alluded to are so muchlike the rest of the series in every other way that this condition isI^robably due to loss by molt.In the original description only the measurement of the type wasgiven. The four males measure: Wing, 133-122 (117.9) ; tail, 46-50(48); culmen, 4.5-5 (4.8); the seven females: wing, 112-120.5(116.7) ; tail, 46.5-50.5 (48.6) ; culmen, 4-5 (4.6).117. HIRUNDAPUS CELEBENSIS (Sclater).One male (?), Ayermadidi, May 18, 1916.The above specimen, though marked as a male is probably afemale, as the lores are a dirty brown; the body a greenish black;a patch on the lower flanks and under tail-coverts white. It meas-ures : Wing, 188, tail, 59 ; culmen, 9.5. The outer primary has beenlost and is being replaced by a new one.I have a specimen from Mindoro (topotype of Chaetura dubiaMcGregor) and two specimens from Basilan; they are probably allmales, though the two latter are unsexed. I can detect no differencebetween the Mindoro and Basilan birds; both are a beautiful pur-plish black, the rump and back more sooty and inclining to brownish,the wings and tails steely black with purplish and greenish reflec-tions, the lores, under tail-coverts, and lower flanks white, quitedifferent from the Celebes specimen, but the latter is probably afemale. There is an indication that the Philippine bird may proveto be racially different as all the measurements are greater than thoseindicated by Meyer and Wiglesworth^, in which case the Philippinerace would stand as Hiimndapus celebensis dubia McGregor.The males available measure as follows: No. 201931, male, Alag River. MindoroNo. 192474 [male], Basila-n IslandNo. 192475 DoType of Chaetura dubia*Hirundapus celebensis f Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 57Family CUCULIDAE.CUCKOOS.118. SURNICULUS MUSSCHENBROEKI Meyer.One female, Likoepang, March 10, 1916.The above specimen differs from Meyer and Wiglesworth's * de-scription of the type in having the outer tail-feather with five irreg-ular white bars distally and two white spots along the shaft basally ; the second tail-feather with four white spots along the shaft on oneside of the tail and three on the other, being unsymmetrical in thisrespect; and the white concealed nuchal spot apparently larger. Itmeasures: Wing, 124.5; tail, 128; culmen, 21.5.Sui'niculus musschenbroeki in plumage comes nearer to S. velutinusof the Philippines than to /S. lugubris, the only other known speciesof the genus. From S. velutinus, the Celebes bird differs in havingthe white on the nape more extensive; in the less brilliant color ofthe wings and tail ; and in the tail being longer, the feathers broader,and of a different shape. The different shape of the tail of S.velutinus is more apparent than real, the two outer tail-feathers havethe outer web broadened at the tip, showing a tendency to bend out-wards. In the Celebes species when the tail is spread, it is seen not tobe really forked but more or less truncate or slightly emarginate,with the second and third outer feather bent slightly outward.Since writing the above Stuart Baker has published ^ a review ofthe genus. In it he reduces S. velutinus to only a form of S.musschenhroeki. That they are closely related no one will deny,but the differences are such that they had better be recognized asdistinct species for the present at least,Mr. Kaven in a letter says that the species is more or less noctur-nal ; this may account for its scarcity in collections.119. CACOMANTIS MERULINUS MERULINUS (Scopoli).One young male not long from the nest, Parigi, September 25,1916. 120. CACOMANTIS SEPULCRALIS VIRESCENS (Bruggemann).One male, Likoepang, March 5, 1916; one male, Rano Rano. De-cember 10, 1917.The male from Rano Rano has the breast and belly darker thanthe Likoepang specimen and the tips to the tail feathers buff, notwhite as in the latter. Thev measure as follows : Wing. Tan. Culmien.No. 251832, Rano Rano.No. 249144, Likoepang . mm.116107 mm.135135 mm. 1516 * Birds Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 203. ^ nqv. ZooL, vol. 20, 1920, pp. 291-294. 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi,. 64. 121. LAMPROCOCCYX MALAYANUS (Raffles).One female, Parigi, September 17, 1916, and one male, Toboli,October 25, 1916.These belong to NeochalGites Mathews,? but I do not see the ad-vantage of recognizing it, though there are slight structural dif-ferences. Lamprococcyx basalts,'' when compared with Lamprococ-cyx lucidus (type of Lamprococcyx Cabanis and Heine), has thenostril of a different shape; more oval and nearly parallel with thetomium, L. lucidus has the feathers of the chin more bristly at thetips, and the bill is broader. The wing formula is practically thesame. These differences are slight and hard to make out. Generaiire largely matters of convenience or to emphasize lines of descent,and in the present case I can see no practical utility in recognizingNeochalcites. 122. EUDYNAMIS MELANORHYNCHA S. Miiller.A good series of adults and immature in various stages of plumagefrom the following localities: Soemalata, September 7, 1914; Kwan-dang, October 9, 1914; Likoepang, March 12, 1916; Manembo Nembo,June 23, 1916 ; Toemaratas, July 8, 1916 ; Laboea Sore, November 28,1916; Koelawi, February 1, 1917; Kano Lindoe, March 8-19, 1917;Gimpoe, August 2-23, 1917 ; Pinedapa, February 5 and 21, 1918.This series convinces me that Meyer and Wiglesworth's ^ interpre-tation of the plumages of this species, except for the adult male, iserroneous. A young male, taken June 23, 1916, No. 249,652, is notlong from the nest ; the tail is about half grown and the bill is shortand stubby, yet it is a shining blue black, above and below, only alittle duller than the adult. Now, what I take to be the fully adultfemale, and it is so marked by the collector, is a greenish black aboveand on the fore neck, shading off into fuscous, with a metallic sheenon the chest, breast, and belly. From the foregoing it will be seenthat the fully adult female resembles the adult male, but is duller,being a greenish black above and fuscous on the chest, breast, andbelly, whereas the male plumage is a uniform bluish or purplishblack, only slightly duller on the under parts. The next stage withgreenish black backs and tails, dull black throats, and cinnamon-bufflow^er parts are immature females, approaching maturity and aremarked as females by the collector, the specimens like the abovebut with bars below being only still younger. Birds with backs andtails barred rufous and black, with cinnamon-buff under partsbarred with black, and chestnut throats are younger females, probably 'Austral Av. Rec, vol. 1, 1913, p. 7.f Mathews makes his ?hrysococcyx basalts m^Uori the type of ^Neochalcites, but sub-species do not differ structurally from the species.8 Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 205. ART. 16. BIRDS PROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 59of the year, as some of the specimens in this stage have begun toassume the black heads and throats of the next phimage.There is one specimen (No. 252550), Gimpoe, August 21, markedas a female, that does not fall into any of the above stages and I mustconfess that I do not know what to make of it. It is a bluish blackon the back, tail, and fore neck; the breast and belly buffy barredwith black; the old feathers of the wings (it is in molt) show a fewhardly discernible rufous irregular cross bars, the new feathers arecoming in bluish black. It resembles the male in the color of theback and tail, but not otherwise. If the bird is wrongly sexed andproves to be an immature male, it is still very remarkable, as I havealready shown that the young male when it leaves the nest is ashining black like the adult. For a bird to acquire the adult dressand then retrograde would be rather unique. I must confess that Ido not know how to interpret Meyer and Wiglesworth's descriptionof the nestling, except that it must be a female and that the sexesdiffer widely in the immature plumage, even in the nestling, butapproach each other in old age.To recapitulate : The fully adult female resembles the adult malebut is duller. The young male resembles the adult male from thenest up, while the young female has a distinctive immature dressand only acquires the fully adult plumage after successive moltscovering a period of two or more years. The females breed in theimmature plumage, that is the stage with greenish black backs, blackthroats, and cinnamon underparts, which is assumed in the secondyear, judging from the material in the collection. This would ac-count for the rarity of fully adult plumages of the female in collec-tions as they would be overbalanced by immature individuals andowing to the struggle for existance much fewer would ever live toassume it. There is nothing new in the above interpretations of thechanges in plumage, except that the young male described aboveseems to me to be the key to the whole situation and to settle the mat-ter, leaving no ground for further argument. 123. SCYTHROPS NOVAEHOLLANDIAE Latham.One male and one female, Rano Lindoe, March 11, 1917; one im-mature unsexed, Lende, June 15, 1917.The two adults when compared with Australian specimens havethe backs less tinged with olive, and the top of the head a clearergray. The Australian specimens are old and unsatisfactory andwhen new and larger series are compared the above differences mightnot hold.The immature when compared with a specimen of about the sameage from Cape York, Queensland, has the throat and top of head 60 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 64. a deeper buff; the back lacks the brownish tinge and the tips of thewing-coverts, secondaries, and primaries have the buff a deeper tint ; the barring on the sides and flanks are more pronounced; the darkbars on the tail are more distinct and the buff of the notches deeper.The j^.ustralian specimen has been mounted and some of these differ-ences may be due to exposure to light.The series measures as follows: Cat. No. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 61A female from Likoepang (No. 249137) has about half the lowermandible from the tip and tlie tip of the maxilla, horn color, butthis is an indication that the bird is not fully adult.Local name Koeng Koeng.?H. C. R.126. PYRRHOCENTOR CELEBENSIS RUFESCENS Meyer and Wiglesworth.One male, Laboea Sore, November 21, 1916; one male and onefemale, Koelawi, February 2 and 23, 1917 ; two females, Rano Lindoe,March 10 and 15, 1917 ; one male and one female, Gimpoe, August 12,1917; two males, Pinedapa, January 22 and February 14, 1918.Two specimens in the above series (Nos. 250804 and 251842) takenat Rano Lindoe, March 10, and Gimpoe, August 12, respectively,have the lower mandible wax yellow and the tip of the uppermandible horn color. A specimen taken at Koelawi, February 2,has the lower mandible darkened along the tomium and the re-mainder and extreme tip of the upper dusky horn color, while aspecimen taken at Rano Lindoe March 15 (No. 250805) has only thetip of the lower and extreme tip of the upper mandible dusky horncolor. From the above it would appear that the wholly black billis only assumed by old birds.Of the two birds taken at Koelawi, the female is more rufescentabove, especially on the wing coverts, than any in the series, whilethe male is much lighter below than any other specimen of the formbefore me, approaching specimens of Pyrrhocentor c. celebensis butstill not quite so light below.Specimens taken at Laboea Sore, November 21, Koelawi, February23, Rano Lindoe, March 15, and Pinedapa, January 22 and Feb-ruary 14, are molting on the head, wings, and tail, but more especiallyon the top of the head. The new feathers on the forehead are ivyxch.darker than those they displace or after the molt is completed. Onesipecimen (No. 251845), Pinedapa, February 14, has the primariesand tail very dark, the exposed part of the closed wings nearly thecolor of the back, but this seems to be due to stain as the unexposedpart of the wings are of the usual color and there are signs of stainat the base of the tail.When compared with specimens from the north end of the islandthe above series averages more rufescent on the underparts and sidesof face; above there do not appear to be any striking constantdifferences.127. RHAMPHOCOCCYX CALORHYNCHUS CALORHYNCHUS (Temminck).Six males and eight females from the following localities : KwalaBesar, July 29, 1914; Paleleh River, August 8, 1914; Tandjong Pen-joe, February 16-20, 1915; Likoepang, March 4, 1916; Toemaratas,July 10, 1916.20183?25?Proc.N.M.vol.64 24 62 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 64.This series is fairly uniform, though some specimens are lighterthan others; but judging from the color of the bill and compressedcondition of the lower mandible, forming a sharp ridge on the gonys,these are birds of the year or not fully adult. One specimen (No.248,390) from Kwala Besar is without the whitish tip to the uppermandible and in four others in the series it is reduced to such aminute point as to be practically absent.In describing Rhamphococcyx centralis^^^ I referred two specimensfrom Parigi to Rhamphococcyx c. calorhynchus. They are birds ofthe year as attested by the base of the lower mandible being blackishand one of the birds having the top of the head strongly washed withcinnamon-rufous. Comparing them with R. c. centralis of equal agethey are darker on the throats and have smaller bills and the othermeasurements are decidedly smaller. They are lighter than northernspecimens of R. c. calorhynchus^ and as there are undoubted speci-mens of R. G. centralis from the same locality I now think I was inerror and they had better be placed with the Middle Celebes form,on geographic grounds, especially as they are immature birds. Asa matter of fact they are more or less intermediate and would seemto indicate that the two forms intergrade on the borders of theirrespective ranges. 128. RHAMPHOCOCCYX CALORHYNCHUS CENTRALIS RUey."Five males and ten females from the following localities: Parigi,September 10 and 19, 1916; Laboea Sore, November 21 and Decem-ber 1, 1916; Rano Lindoe, March 21, 1917; Gimpoe, August 12, 1917;Pinedapa, January 11-February 15, 1918.This race differs from Rhamphococcyx c. calorhynchus as follows : In larger and more arched bill; longer wing; the top of the headlighter ; in the lighter color of the throat, chest, and mantle ; and inless purplish wings and tail.It might be that I have only redescribed Rhamphococcyx calor-hynchus meridionalis Meyer and Wiglesworth but they say ^^ thatthe only difference between their bird and the one from the northis the lighter color of the top of the head. Hartert,^^ however, incommenting on birds from Indrulaman says : " differ considerablyfrom the bird from northern Celebes in having a much paler crownand a decidedly paler throat and it seems that also the tail as abouthalf an inch longer." He says nothing about the larger and morearched bill, or longer wing, so the only course left to me for the ?? Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 31, 1918,, p. 156.^^Rhamphococcyx centralis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 31, 1918, p. 156 (RanoLindoe, Celebes)."Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 227." Nov. Zool., vol. 3, 1896, p. 160. ART. 16. BIRDS FEOM NOETH CELEBES RILEY. 63present is to list my birds under the above name until we knowmore about the distribution and relationship of these large cuckoos.In the original description of the above form I identified twoimmature specimens from Parigi as belonging to Rham'phocoGGyxc. calorhynohus. This I am now convinced was an error and thatthey are really more or less intermediate between the two forms;accordingly, I have reduced my supposed species to a race.A female taken at Pinedapa, Jan. 11, 1918, contained eggs with softshells. Feet and tarsus black ; skin about eyes black ; tip of upper mandiblewith no color pigment for 5 mm., then black for 10 mm., then chrome yellow,which extends about 100 mm., gradually becoming sulphurous yellow ; spacenear nostril and lower mandible, red.?H. C. R.Family PICIDAE.WOODPECKERS.129. YUNGIPICUS TEMMINCKI (Malherbe).A male and female, Likoepang, March 9, 1916 ; two males and onefemale, Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 28-November 3, 1917 ; twomales and one female, Rano Rano, December 12-22, 1917. 130. LICHTENSTEINIPICUS FULVUS FULVUS (Quoy and Gaimard).A good species from : Paleleh River, August 17, 1914 ; Kwandang,October 8, 1914; Paleleh, November 10-13, 1914; Toll Toll, Novem-ber 25-December 3, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, February 17-20, 1915;Likoepang, January 18, and March 2-12. 1916; Koeala Prang, June3-15 ; Manembo Nembo, June 24, 1916 ; Toemaratas, July 3, 1916.A specimen (No. 249656) marked as a female, from Toemaratas,July 3, has a band of scarlet tipped feathers on the forehead; it isapparently an adult bird as it shows no indication of immaturity,indeed the plumage is somewhat worn below. It seems to indicatethat very old females develop a few red feathers on the forehead.A few specimens of either sex develop light spots to the tips ofthe feathers of the chest which apparently are soon worn oif andsome even have small light spots on the mantle; the latter variationbeing rarer than the first. 131. LICHTENSTEINIPICUS FULVUS INTERMEDIUS (Meyer)."A good series from the following localities: Parigi, September20, 1916; Toboli, October 21, 1916; Laboea Sore, November 28, 1916;Rano Lindoe, March 14-16, 1917 ; Tamboe, June 13, 1917 ; Gimpoe,August 4^27, 1917; Toewo Mountain, Besoa, November 1, 1917;Rano Rano, December 8-19, 1917; Pinedapa, February 6, 1918. '^* Microstictua intcrmcdius Meyer, Notes Leyden Museum, vol. 23, 1901, p. 186 (Gimpu). 64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISTATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64.The males of this series differ from L. f. fulvus in the greaterextension of the red of the head on to the nape and cheeks; thefemales by the darker tails.I have no specimens of L. f. ivaUacei for comparison. Two malesof the above series (Nos. 251906 and 251909), from Kano Rano andGimpoe, respectively, have the red confined to the forehead andcrown, not reaching down on the sides of the face as far as the eye ; they are evidently immature. The Gimpoe specimen is the younger(taken August 4) and has the breast and chest avellaneous, whilein the older specimen it is like the adult.Family PITTIDAE.PITTAS. 132. PITTA CELEBENSIS MuUer and Schlegel.One male, Temboan, July 24, 1916; one female, Pinedapa, Feb-ruary 21, 1918.In some particulars the specimen taken at Temboan does not agreewith Meyer and Wiglesworth's ^' description. It lacks the bluevertical stripe and neck collar; the new feathers on the crown arevery dark, almost black, edged with morocco red ; the nape is brazilred; the black jugular patch shows a whitish central spot, causedby the bases of the feathers showing through the black; the darkpectoral band is 7iot black but taupe brown. The bird is moltingbut in apparently adult plumage. It measures: Wing, 104; tail,38.5; culmen, 20; bill from nostril, 14.5. The Pinedapa specimenis apparently a much younger bird than that from Temboan, orthere is a difference in the sexes. It is a much lighter red on thebreast and belly; the white center to the black jugular spot is morel^ronounced; the crown is lighter, chestnut not blackish; the bluevertical stripe and neck band are present; the chin and cheekslighter, light russet vinaceous, not vinaceous russet ; the dark pectoralband is very narrow, almost absolete. It measures: Wing, 102;tail, 40 ; culmen, 20 ; bill from nostril, 14.5. The Temboan specimenhas had the skin badly broken on the top of the head and cleverlymended by the collector, this may account for the absence of theblue vertical stripe, but would not account for the other differences. 133. PITTA FORSTENI (Bonaparte).One female, Temboan, August 1, 1916.It measures: Wing, 114; tail, 46; Culmen, 25; bill from nostril16.5. ?5 Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 340 ART. 16. BIRDS FEOM NORTH CELEBES RILEY, 65Family HIRUNDINIDAE.SWALLOWS.134. HIRUNDO KUSTICA GUTTURALIS Scopoli.A fair series of both sexes and immature from : Toli Toli, Decem-ber 12 and IT, 1914; Parigi, September 24-October 5, 1916; Dolo,December 25 and 26, 1916 ; Rano Lindoe, March 10-27, 1917 : Napoe,Watoetaoe, November 20, 1917.135. HYPUROLEPIS JAVANICA FRONTALIS (Qnoy and Gaimard).A fair series from the following localities: Toli Toli, November28, 1914; Koeala Prang, June 17 and 18, 1916; Parigi, September28, 1916; Toboli, October 17 and 21, 1916; Manilili, December 16,1916.This series averages darker on the forehead and throat than Javanbirds, but the breast and belly appear lighter; there is little or nodifference in size. Birds from the Philippines, Borneo, the coastof the Malay Peninsula, the Anambas, and the Mergui Archipelagoappear to be much like those from Celebes in color, allowing forindividual variation, but have a longer wing, and belong to the formnamed by Oberholser ^^ Hypurolepis javanica abhotti^ with the rangeexpanded. It is true the type of the latter has the throat a littledarker and of a somewhat different shade than any in the series fromthe Philippines or elsewhere but the difference is slight and besidesit is in freshly acquired plumage, before fading has set in; a speci-men from Borneo (No. 178118) closely approaches it. I have nospecimens from the type locality of H. j. frontalis for comparisonbut as the Celebes bird apparently does not belong to the Javan raceor the one to the north there is nothing left to do but follow prece-dent ^^ in the matter and refer it to the southern race for the present.Of Hypurolepis javanica domicola of peninsular India, I am notable to speak, having no specimens. One male, JavaNine males, CelebesFour males, PhilippinesTwo males, BorneoTwo males, AnambasOne male, east coast Malay PeninsulaThree males, Mergui ArchipelagoOne female, JavaSix females, CelebesFive females, PhilippinesOne female, BorneoThree females, west coast Malay Peninsula.Two females, Mergui Archipelago Wing. Tail.mm.105. 5104. 3108. 4107. 2109110109. 7102104. 6106. 4107106. 7108. 2 mm.47. 545. 947. 64245. 746. 546. 342. 54547. 54743. 346 Culmen. 9. 59.39. 198.7998. 58.99. 198.89 18 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 98, 1917, p. .32."See Oberholser, Ball. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 98, 1917. p. 33. 66 PBOCEEDIJSTGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. G4.Family MUSCICAPIDAE.FLYCATCHEKS.136. CYORNIS BANYUMAS OMISSA (Hartert).A small series of adults and young of both sexes from: Koelawi,February 23, 1917; Kano Lindoe, March 6-23, 1917; Toewo Moun-tain, Besoa, October 31-November 4, 1917.I have been able to compare the above series with an adult maleand female from Java and the birds from the two islands are quitedistinct. In the male of the Javan form {Gyornis hanyumas haivyu-nias) the line on the forehead and over the lores is very light blue,while in the Celebes bird it is much deeper. The black on the chinis narrower, the lores deeper, and the ear coverts darker in theJavan form. The belly is whitish in the Javan male while in noneof the Celebes specimens is it so; the lower parts are also deeperin the latter. The female of Cyornis hanyumas omissa in the colorof the back, wings, and tail, is only a lighter duller blue, than themale, while in the female of the Javan race the back is deep olive,the wings edged with buffy brown, the tail and upper tail-covertscinnamon-brown. There are other differences, but the above is suffi-cient to show that the two races are very distinct and it is doubtfulif they should only be recognized as forms instead of distinct species.However, out of deference to Hartert's^^ opinion, such an arrange-ment will show their relationship better and is retained.An immature in the spotted plumage of about the same size as theadult was taken November 4, and two additional immatures that havebegun to assume the adult plumage were taken March 6 and 21.Judging from the above more than one brood must be raised in aseason, and the breeding period extends over a considerable part ofthe year. Averages. Six males, Cyornis b. omissaThree females, Cyornis b. omissa.One male, Cyornis b. banyumas..One female, Cyornis b. banyumas Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES ^RILEY. 67As Meyer's original description of this rare and very distinctspecies is in Dutch, it has been thought advisable to give a descrip-tion in English : Head all round, including the foreneck, dusky slateblue; across the forehead and the superciliary as far as the posteriorborder of the eye, a slightly brighter blue ; chin, feathers coveringthe nostril, and lores, black; back and upper wing coverts, brownisholive with a russet wash on the rump ; longer upper tail coverts andupper surface of the tail, argus brown, rectrices shading at the tipto sepia; remiges, chaetura drab, margined externally with rawumber, the tertials wholly of that color; under wing coverts, breast,abdomen, and crissum, ochraceous tawny, this color extending upeach side slightly beyond the roimded border of the blue of thejugulum; remiges below, hair brown, bordered where they restagainst the sides of the body with cinnamon; under surface of tail,sepia.The female differs from the male in having the pileum deepneutral gray; the frons and lores ochraceous buff, the ear covertsand sides of neck lighter gray than the pileum and washed withochraceous buff, middle of throat and jugulum ochraceous buff. An-other female (No. 251,927) in the collection has the pileum deeppayne's gray.Young birds about the size of the parents, but m spotted plumage,were taken November 1 and December 24r-27. One of these takenDecember 27 already has a few blue feathers appearing on thejugulum and a few feathers of the adult plumage appearing on thechest. An immature male taken at Goenoeng Lehio January 14 hasnearly assumed the adult dress; the head is blue with only the chinochraceous buff and a few tawny spots on the forehead and alongthe superciliary ; the back still has a few tawny blaxik-tipped feath-ers, and the breast and abdomen a few narrow black spots. Fromthe above it will be seen that the males molt directly into the adultplumage and at an early date after leaving the nest.In the quite extensive series of males in the collection there is littlevariation in color; in some the blue is slightly lighter than others.The principal variation seems to be in the width of the lighter blueof the forehead and superciliary ; in some specimens it is quite exten-sive on the forehead, while in others it is much reduced.The present species is closely related to Cyornis hyacintUna ofTimor and kiihni of Wetter in structure, but in coloration is uniquein the genus, so far as is known at present. 68 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.llie measurement of the series, exclusive of the immatures,below to show the variations : VOL. 64. is ffiven Museum ART. 16. BIRDS FEOM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 69In all the forms of this species examined by me the males are simi-lar, but judging from the females of the only two forms in which Ihave been able to examine this sex the differences are quite notice-able. The female of the Javan form has the pectoral band verypronounced with the throat and superciliaries much lighter, whilein that from Celebes the superciliaries are of about the same color asthe throat which is scarcely or not lighter than the chest. A singlemale from Kina Balu, Borneo, is lighter above and much lighterbelow than any specimen of the several forms before me and prob-ably represents a distinct form.Three young in the spotted plumage, not long from the nest, withstumpy tails, were taken at Rano Rano, December 13-18; a youngbird, considerably older, taken at Goenoeng Kalabat, April 9,though marked female is undoubtedly a male and is assuming theplumage of the adult. Some dark-blue feathers are appearingamongst the sooty ones of the back; the superciliary is only indi-cated by buffy bases to some of the feathers; the throat and fore-neck light pinkish cinnamon, the dark mentum barely indicated : thechest much deeper than the throat, the feathers margined with sooty,giving a mottled appearance ; the rest of the plumage is much as inthe adult, except that the feathei^s of the sides are narrowly edgedwith dusky. The chief interest of this specimen is that it shows thatthe adult plumage is assumed soon after leaving the nest.The series before me averaere as follows : Ten males, D. h. jugosaeFour males, D. h. vulcaniTwo males, D. h. annamensis.One male, Kina Balu, BorneoNine females, D. h. jugosae...Four females, D. h. vulcani 141. MUSCICAPULA MELANOLEUCA WESTERMANNI Sharpe.One male, Goenoeng Kalabat, April 10, 1916.It measures : Wing, 58 ; tail, 41 ; culmen, 9 mm.142. GERYGONE FLAVEOLA Cabanis.One female, Kwandang, September 15, 1914; one male, Toll Toli,December 6, 1914; three females, Koelawi, Januaiy 27-February 10,1917; one male, Kano Lindoe, March 29, 1917; one female, RanoEano, December 29, 1917.Meyer and Wiglesworth ^^ in their description do not refer to thedark snbterminal tail-band, but it is mentioned by Sharpe "^^ and well 2? Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1898, p. 388." Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1879. p. 214, pi. 5, fig. 2.2018.3?25?Proc. N. M. vol. 64- -24 70 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 64.shown in his plate. It may be that the birds from the north andcentral pa,Yt of the island are different from those of the south, butI have none of the latter for comparison. Hitherto the species hasonly been found in the south and central part of the island. Theseries measures as follows: Cat. No. 248706251137248705251134251135251136252000 Sex. Male__- ...do...Female. ._.do_.- .__do_._ ...do... Locality. .do._. Toli TollRano Lindoe.Kwandang__KoelawidodoRano Rano_. Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 71The birds of this series do not agree with the original description ^^?or that of Meyer and Wiglesworth.-^ The forehead and flanks aremuch lighter than the rump and base of tail, which is described ascinnamon-red; the white of the throat is continued back beneaththe auriculars in a narrow line; the black on the jugulum is a ratherlarge blotch, not a narrow bar, and the feathers on the lower borderof this black blotch are tipped with white, forming a rather largespot. It may well be that this is not true R. teysmanni, which hasonly been found in south Celebes, until quite recently, while the aboveseries is from the north and north-central part of the island.Meyer ^" has reported it from central Celebes without definite locality.A young female not long from the nest, with a short stumpy tail,taken at Toewo Mountain, October 28, resembles the adult, exceptthe colors are lighter and the black jugular spot is lacking, itsplace being taken by a mouse gray band, washed with buffy.The black jugular blotch first appears as a narrow band belowthe white of the throat and gradually increases in size as the birdages, the white tips only appearing when it becomes fully adult. Theunspotted condition of the young in this genus would seem to indi-cate that it is wrongly placed in the family Muscicapidae, or thatthe spotted condition of the young is not a family character.Nine adult males measure as follows: wing 70-76 (73.5); tail,77-84 (81.6); culmen, 9.5-11.5 (10.7); and four adult females:wing, 66.5-69 (67.4) ; tail, 76-80 (78) ; culmen, 9.5-10 (9.9).From the above the female appears to be smaller and is slightlyduller in color.145. CULICICAPA HELIANTHEA HELIANTHEA (Wallace).A good series of both sexes: Paleleh River, xA-ugust 10, 1914Ayermadidi, April 4, 1916 ; Goenoeng Kalabat, April 6 and 10, 1916Toemaratas, July 6-8, 1916; Goenoeng Lehio, January 19, 1917Koelawi, February 23, 1917; Lindoe Trail, February 25, 1917; RanoLiindoe, March 9-14, 1917; Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 26-November 4, 1917; Rano Rano, December 17, 1917.The birds from the north in the above series when compared witha series from the Philippines show the latter to rcipresent a recog-nizable race; the Celebes birds are more yellowish and the Philip-pine specimens have more of a greenish cast to the upper surface;below there seems to be little if any difference. The Celebes seriesaverages a little larger. The name for the Philippine form is, ap-parently, CuUcicapa helianthea panayensis (Sharpe). '^ 2? Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 15, 1893, p. 80.? Birds of Celebes, vol. 1, 1808, p. 380.?? Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 23, 1903,. p. 189.*' Xantholestes panayensia Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser, 2. ZooL, vol. 1, 1877,p. 327. 72 PEOCEEDIXGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM, VOL. G4.The birds from central Celebes Tvlien compared with the northernbirds are duller, more greenish above, especially on the pileum. Itmay be there is more than one form of this species in Celebes, or thedifferences may be seasonal; for the present I prefer to adopt thelatter supposition. Averages. Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES EILEY. 73Oberholser^^ argues that Stoporala Blyth, 1845 (type Muscicapamelanops Vigors) is not preoccupied by StopcvroJa Blyth, 1836 (typeStoparola luctuosa?Muscicapa atricapilla Linnaeus), but as it seemsthat the one-letter rule has not been universally adopted or con-sistently used even by those who have evoked it to make somechange, it would be better to continue to use a name of certainapplication, in this case Eumyids Cabanis.The above series measures as follows : Cat. No. 74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. vol.64. 149. GRAUCALUS TEMMINCKI TEMMINCKI (S. Muller).One male, Paleleh River, August 16, 1914.Of a much deeper blue than the form listed below, with the bill ofa different color; dusky horn-color at the tip for about half itslength. Tlie bill is also smaller. It measures, wing, 151.5; tail^145.5 ; culmen, 23. The different color of the bill is due, evidently, toimmaturity. 150. GRAUCALUS TEMMINCKI TONKEANUS (Meyer) .s Ti&s Tier., 15 Lief., 1901, p. 46. 92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64. 175. DIACEUM NEHRKORNI W. Blasius.Two males, Toemaratas, July 4, 8, 1916; one male, Rano Lindoe,March 8, 1917; two males, Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 29,and November 3, 1917.All the above males have a median sooty black line within the areaof white of the abdomen, a feature not mentioned by Meyer andWiglesworth ^^ in their description, but as it is shown on the platethe omission must be an inadvertence.The above series when compared with four males from Indrula-man, south Celebes, kindly loaned me by J. H. Fleming, appear to belighter on the throats and foreneck; in size they are about thesame. The differences are too slight for separation by name, however. 176. ACMONORHYNCHUS AUREOLIMBATUS (Wallace).A good series of both sexes and immature from : Paleleh River,August 17-18, 1914; Kwala Besar, August 23-24, 1914; Soemalata,September 4-7, 1914; Toli Toli, December 4-14, 1914; TandjongPenjoe, February 25-26, 1915; Likoepang, January 21, 1916; Goe-noeng Lehio, Januarj^ 18, 1917; Rano Lindoe, March 5-23, 1917;Gimpoe, August 3-September 1, 1917; Pinedapa, January 23, 1918.The birds from the north-central mountain country are dullerabove and the yellow of the flanks is not so bright as in birds fromthe north end of the island, but it is not advisable to separate themat present. Family NECTARINIIDAE.SITN BIRDS.177. AETHOPYGA FLAVOSTRIATA (Wallace).Two adult males and three adult females, Toli Toli, December 2-9,1914; one adult male, Tandjong Penjoe, February 26, 1915; one adultmale, Lindoe Trail, February 28, 1917 ; one adult male, Rano Lindoe,March 25, 1917; one immature and two adult males and one adultfemale, Gimpoe, August 2-24, 1917.The males from the central part of the island seem to have themetallic crown more restricted, and the red of the back brighterthan northern specimens, but the series from the two localities are toosmall to reach any definite conclusions.The young male taken at Gimpoe, August 11, is similar to theadult female, but has more red on the back, the jugulum is tingedwith red, there is a small tuft of new red feathers in the center ofthe chest, and it has acquired a single central tail-feather of theadult plumage. 88 Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 447, pi. 25. ART. IG. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY.The measurements of the series are as follows : 93 MuseumNo. 94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. VOL. 64,The immature male taken September 1 resembles the adult fe-male very closely. The top of the head and throat are a little darkerand the metallic rictal streak is making its appearance.As specimens of the species seem to be rather scarce in collectionsthe measurements of the series is appended : MuseumNo. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 95distribution of the forms inhabiting Celebes it is referred to thesouthern form.A series of males from the north and central mountain regionaverage as follows: Ten males, C. f. meyeri.Ten males, C /. plateni. Wing.mm.53. 351. 5 Tail.mm.3532. Culmen.mm.18. 617. 7A male taken at Gimpoe, August 11, (No. 252443) has the breaststrongly washed with cadmium yellow, and there is a tendency inseveral other specimens from the mountains to have the chest alittle deeper yellow than usual,A young female not long from the nest was taken at Besoa, Octo-ber 28, so the breeding season is probably in the autumn, or irregular.182. ANTHREPTES MALACENSIS CELEBENSIS Shelley.A large series of both sexes and immature: Kapas Bay, July 22and November 18 and 23, 1914; Kwala Besar, August 23, 1914;Soemalata, September 3-8, 1914; Toli Toli, November 28-December14, 1914; Kampa, February 14, 1915; Tandjong Penjoe, February18-27, 1915; Likoepang, January 13-18, and March 9, 1916; KoealaPrang, June 14 and 18, 1916; Manembo Nembo, June 22-24, 1916;Toboli, October 18-23, 1916 ; Kasimbar, December 13, 1916 ; Tinom-boe, December 15, 1916; Manilili, December 16, 1916; Gimpoe, Au-gust 2-29, 1917 ; Rano Lindoe, March 25, 1917.Birds from Gimpoe are paler below but as they are August speci-mens this is probably due to bleaching as the Rano Lindoe birdstaken in March are like northern skins of the same season. I haveonly one skin from the south of the island (near Macassar, December18) and it has the breast a more greenish yellow and the throatduller than northern birds, but these may be only individual dif-ferences.A. m. celeheTisis stands out from all its related forms in having theyellow of the breast in the male more greenish. The female is stillmore distinct from the related forms than the male. She has thelower parts grayish with only the breast and belly washed with alight shade of yellow, while in all other forms of the species thebreast and belly are quite yellow and even the throat is washed withyellow or even concolor with the breast.The immature A. m. ceIeh(Msis has the throat washed with yellowand the remaining under parts are much deeper; in this conditionthey approach the adult female of Anthreptes malacc&n^is wigles- 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM, vol.64.worthi of the southern Philippines, which is undoubtedly the nearestrelative.A male in the United States National Museum from Great Sangi,in rather poor condition, has the breast a brighter yellow, the throatduller, and the cheeks without the reddish wash of AnfhreptesinalaceTisis wiglesioo7'thi and it is extremely doubtful if they arethe same.This species has been revised by Doctor Hartert ^^ but a number ofraces have been described since. He recognized six races, but in-cluded, Anthreptes griseignlans, which is a good species, more dis-tinct from typical Anthreptes 7nalacensis than is Anthreptes rhodo-laema^ that is recognized as such. The latter has the greenish breastand pronounced yellow pectoral tufts of A. rii. celehensis, A. m.chlorigaster, A. tti. wiglesivorthi, and A. m. cagayanensis, and itmay be that they' have been derived from a separate stock. ThePalawan bird Anthreptes malacensis paraguae "^^ is derived from thesame stock as Anthreptes m. harnensis of north Borneo and thesehave nothing to do with Anthreptes rhodolaema^ which occurs atsea-level in north Borneo with the latter. It seems plausible thatthe southwestern Philippine forms were derived from the samestock as Anthreptes rhodolaema and that the Celebes bird came tothe islands from the southern Philippines, The form from theLesser Sunda Islands that resembles Anthreptes m. wiglesworthi,but is unnamed, that Doctor Hartert is at a loss to place, would bethus explained. The yellow-breasted forms derived irom AnthreptesTTialacensis coming east along the Greater Sunda Islands, while thegreenish-breasted birds derived from the same stock as Anthreptesrhodolaema have come also from the mainland by the way ofBorneo, the southeastern Philippines, and Celebes into the LesserSunda Islands. This is mere speculation, however, and as the femaleof Anthrejytes rhodolaema shows greater differences than the males(being much darker and greener than the same sex of A. malacensis)it had better be kept as a distinct species ; our present nomenclaturenot being suitable to show lines of descent. On the other hand, thefemale of A. m. celehensis is just as distinct, so this objection wouldnot hold. If the greenish-breasted forms are derived from the samestock as A, rhodolaema, then we would have Anthreptes chlorigasterchlorigaster, A. c. wiglesworthi, A. c. cagayanensis, A. c. rhodolaenna,and A. c. celehensis. It is probable that A. griseigularis is also de-rived from the same stock as the southern forms, it being a greenish-breasted bird, that moved north early and through long isolationhas developed into a distinct species, the other related forms cominginto the islands at a later date. "" Nov. Zool., vol. 9, 1902, p. 209 ; vol. 24, 1917, p. 323. 'sproc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 33, 1020, p. 55. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES?RILEY. 97Family MELIPHAGIDAE.HONEYEATERS.183. MYZOMELA CHLOROPTERA CHLOROPTERA Walden.A fine series, mostly males, from Goenoeng Kalabat, April 12,1916; and Toemaratas, July 4-9, 1916.The series of adult males is very uniform. The breast and bellyrather strongly washed with sulphur yellow; the scapulars, wings,and tail distinctly black; the remiges edged with warbler green. Aseries of five males from south Celebes and Saleyer Island, kindlyloaned by J. H. Fleming and from which he permitted the UnitedStates National Museum to retain a pair in exchange, almost entirelylacks the sulphur wash from the breast and belly; the scapulars,wings, and tail are distinctly brown, not black; the reds are duller,and they average slightly larger, but this supposed character mightdisappear upon the measurement of a larger series. The color dif-ferences are very striking upon comparison, and I have named thesouthern form Myzomela chloroptera jugaJ^An adult male from Saleyer Island, in the collection of J. H.Fleming, has the reds much paler than the southern form, butwhether this difference would hold I am not prepared to say untila larger series has been examined.An immature male (No. 249975) taken July 9, resembles the adultfemale but is acquiring red-tipped feathers on the top of the head,back, and rump, and three or four on the chest; the scapulars andlesser wing coverts are coming in sooty black. This shows that theadult plumage is assumed the first year after a postjuvenal molt.A selected series of males of the northern form compares withthe other series as follows: Ten males, north Celebes.Four males, south CelebesOne male, Saleyer Island. Wing. 98 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAX, MUSEUM. VOL. 64. celebensis mei'idionalis (Meyer and Wiglesworth) through the kind-ness of J. H. Fleming. They are more distinct than one would beled to believe from descriptions alone. The southern form is muchdarker above, with less of a yellowish wash ; below it is much darker,with the lighter edges of the feathers much reduced. Orodytes c.celebensis has the feathers of the lower parts strongly edged withdark olive buff while in O. c. meridionalis the edges on the feathersto the lower parts are narrow and more of a citrine, which makesthe darker centers of the feathers more conspicuous. If these twoforms occurred on different islands there is not much question butthat they would be ranked as distinct species. It may well be thatthe series from north-central Celebes does not belong to the north-ern form at all but to an intermediate race. Meyer ^* reports thesouthern form from central Celebes; this I can not well understand,unless the ranges of the two forms end rather abruptly.The two series average as follows : Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 99 running from forward border of nos-tril toward tip of bill.Ramus to symphysis with gonysnearly equal to the latter.Lores more or less naked, except forthe eye-ring.Frontal antiae poorly defined andsparsely feathered and not extendingfar forward on the bill.Bare superciliary and post-ocularspace small.Outer primary greater than half thesecond, broader.Feet proportionally heavier andlonger; middle-toe and claw equal tofour-fifths tarsus; outer-toe withoutclaw extending to about the middle ofthe ultimate joint of middle-toe.Tail-feathers narrower and roundedat the tip ; the two outer on each sideonly very slightly shorter than theothers. tinct line or stria from the forwardborder of the nostril toward tip ofbill.Ramus to symphysis with gonys lessthan one-half the latter.Lores feathered.Frontal antiae well defined andwell feathered, extending well for-ward on the bill.Bare superciliary and post-ocularspace proportionally greater.Outer primary equal to about one-half the second, narrower.Feet proportionaly weaker andshorter; middle-toe and claw equalto three-fourths tarsus ; outer-toe with-out claw extending beyond the mid-dle of the ultimate joint of middle-toe.Tail-feathers broader and obliquelyrounded at the tips ; the two outer oneach side appreciably shorter than theothers.Some of the above differences are only relative and probablyspecific, yet there are so many structural differences remaining be-tween the two genera that to think of uniting them would be unrea-sonable. Judging from what specimens I have seen and the litera-ture, MeliUstes is monotypic, so far as known at present, which agreeswith Stresemann's^? conclusions. The genera Arachnothera andArachnorhafhis superficially resemble some of the Meliphagidaeand have the commissure serrated at the tip, but so do some of theother genera of the Nectariniidae. If Toxorha7nphus Stresemann(type Cinnyris novaeguineas Lesson) is allowed to remain in theMeliphagidae, then it would appear as if Arachnothera and Arach-norhaphis should be placed near it in the same family. HaTtert " in discussing MeliUstes fergussmm has already questioned the rightof Arachnothera as a member of the Nectariniidae.Family MOTACILLIDAE.PIPITS, WAGTAILS. 185. MOTACILLA CINEREA CASPICA (S. G. Gmelin).?A small series of both sexes from Goenoeng Lehio, January 15,1917; Koelawi, January 30-February 10, 1917; Eano Lindoe, March9 1917; Toewo Mountain, Besoa, November 1, 1917.w Nov. Zool., vol. 21, 1914, p. 394." Idem vol. 3, 1896, p. 2.S7. _ ?Ts For the use of this name in place of Motaoim cinei-a melanope Pallas, see Stresemann,Ora. Monats., vol. 30, 1922, p. 89. loo PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.64.Some of the specimens in the above series have dark tarsi, but inthe majority they are light colored; the birds with dark tarsi seemto be older, and this character may be due to age. 186. BUDYTES FLAVUS SIMILLIMA (Hartert).A good series of both sexes in various stages of plumage from:Dolo, December 25-26, 1916; Koelawi, January 30-February 10,1917; Rano Lindoe, March 3-25, 1917; Doda, Besoa, October 23-26,1917; Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 29-November 2, 1917; Napoe,Watoetaoe, November 20, 1917.The few birds in the above extensive series in nearly adult plum-age, I have compared with B. /. plexus and B. f. simillima. Fromthe former, the Celebes birds differ in having the pileum, lores, andauriculars much lighter, but from Kamchatkan skins of the latterthe differences are slight and may be due to the different seasons atwhich the two series were collected, the Kamchatkan specimens hav-ing been taken in the breeding season. Hartert '^^ did not designatea type in the original description of Motacilla flava simillima, butlater ^? stated that the type came from Sulu Island. Specimens fromLuzon and Celebes agree in size, but the latter appear to average alittle lighter on the top of the head. This may be seasonal, the Luzonbirds being taken later in the season ; at any rate the differences arevery slight.All the specimens taken in Celebes from the latter part of Decem-ber to the latter part of March are in molt and in none is it com-pleted. There seems to be a complete spring molt with tlie exceptionof the wings and tail. 187. ANTBUS GUSTAVI Swinhoe.One adult female, Tandjong Penjoe, February 20, 1915.Family PLOCEIDAE.WEAVEE BIRDS.188. MUNIA ATRICAPILLA BRUNNEICEPS (Walden).A good series of both sexes, adult and immature from: Likoe-pang, March 2-9, 1916; Dolo, December 25, 1916; Eano Lindoe,March 3-23, 1917; Doda and Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 23-31,1917; Napoe, Watoetaoe, November 20-December 4, 1917.The nearest relative of the Celebes bird is Mtmia atricapilla jagorifrom the Philippine Islands (except northern Luzon), and whencompared with it very little difference can be detected. Munia ?VOgel paliiark. Fauna, vol. 1, Heft 3, 1905, p. 289 (Kamchatka to Maluscas, etc.)."iNov. Zool., vol. 26, 1919, p. 167. AET. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 101 atricapillu hnmneicaps when laid out in series alongside MuniaOjtricapilla jagori seems to have the black breast patch more re-stricted, the head probably averages a little browner black, and thereis more of a tendency for the edges of the tail feathers to become yel-lowish above ; there appears to be no difference in size. Individualscan be picked out of either series that almost match in colorationand size. Specimens from northern Luzon have the black of thehead shade off into smoky brown on the nape, and these have beenassigned to the Formosan form Munia atricapilla fonnosana. Thatboth the above are only subspecies of Munia atricapilla, there can belittle doubt. Stresemann ^^ has called attention to the fact thatFringilla minuta Meyen^^ is the young of Munia atricapilla jagoriMartens,?^ and has advocated the adoption of Meyen's name on theground of priority, but he has overlooked the fact that Fringillaminuta Temminck,^^* which appears to be a synonym of Fringillaflavirostris Linnaeus. {Acanthis flavirostris Authors), would pre-clude such action.There are fully grown young without any sign of molting intothe adult plumage taken as late as December 25, and others thathave begun to molt into the aditlt dress as early as October 23.As a matter of fact, the breeding period is probably a long one.and the young doubtless molt into the adult plumage the first season.The only spring bird showing any trace of the immature plumage isa female taken March 11. This specimen is in worn plumage andhas not as yet fully acquired the black breast of the adult.Mathews ^^ unites Munm Hodgson ^^ with Lonchura Sj'kes,^^ forwhich Cabanis*^ substituted Uroloncha, Lonchura being preoccupiedand designated as its type, Loxia molucca Linnaeus. If Munia andVroloneha are united, and I think they should be, then Munia isthe name to use. 189. MUNIA PUNCTULATA PARTICEPS Riley.soOne immature and four adult males, and one immature female,Rano Lindoe, March 15-25, 1917 ; two immature males and one im-mature female, Gimpoe, August 6-20, 1917; one adult female, ToewoMountain, Besoa, November 2, 1917; two adult females, Napoe,Watoetaoe, November 20, and December 4, 1917. " Orn. Monats., vol. 30, 1922, p. 88.82 Verb. Carol.-Leopold. Akad. d. Natur., vol. 16, suppl., prim., 1834, p. 86, pi 12, flg. 2.?.Iouni. f. Oni., 1866, p. 14." Cat. Sys. Cab. Orn., 1807, errata to p. 112.? List Birds Australia, 1913, p. 300.?? Asiatic Research., vol. 19, 1836, p. 153." Proc. Zool. Sec. Lond., 1832, p. 94.8s Mus. Hein., vol. 1, 1851, p. 173.8" Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 33, 1920, p. 57 (Rano Lindoe). 102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAl. MUSEUM. vol.64.The original description is as follows : Similar to Munia punctulata cabanisi of the Philippines, but darker above,the closed wing outwardly deeper more rusty brown, the throat and cheeksdeeper brown, especially on sides of face and lores, the barring on the breastand flanks much coarser and darker brown. Wing, 50.5; tail, 40; culmen,11 mm.The type is an adult male from Kano Lindoe, March 15, 1917(U. S. National Musuem, No. 251332).This is the bird described as Munia. punctuldta nisoria by Meyer and Wigles-worth,"" but they could hardly have compared specimens from Celebes withthose from Java, or they certainly would have seen how different they are.The Javan bird has the rump barred with white and the tail gray above,while the Celebes form has the rump unbarred and the tail huffy citrine ; the latter race is also darker above and on the throat, with the white of thebelly more restricted, and is smaller.Walden " had noticed the difference between the color of the tails ofthe Java race and that of the only specimen he had from Celebes. Strese-mann " has indicated the Celebes bird as probably a distinct form, but didnot name it, probably because his series was inadequate. As a mater of fact,in size and in the color of back and tail, the Celebes bird approaches thePhilippine form, but in the coarser markings of the breast and flanks it moreclosely resembles Javan specimens. It is perfectly distinct from either andwell merits recognition.Two female specimens (Nos. 252529 and 252530) from Napoe haveslight grayish bars on the rump but nothing like the coarse whitebars of Munia punctulata nisona.In the original description only the measurement of the type wasgiven. The four adult males measure as follows: Wing, 50-51(50.5) ; tail, 36.5-40 (38.7) ; culmen, 11-11.5 (11.1) ; and the threeadult females: Wing, 48-52 (50) ; tail, 36.5-39 (37.8) ; culmen, 10.5-11 (10.7).The immature is buffy brown above and a light wood brown tocinnamon-buff below. A young male (Rano Lindoe, March 24, No.251336), just beginning to molt into the adult plumage, has a fewnew feathers appearing on the mantle and on the throat and chest.An immature female (Gimpoe, Aug. 20, No. 252531) has almost as-sumed the adult plumage, except for the crown and some of thefeathers on the throat, so it would appear that the adult plumageis assumed the first year and that the breeding season is irregular.190. MUNIA MOLUCCA MOLUCCA (Linnaeus).A good series of both sexes and iramatures from: Kapas Bay,November 23, 1914; Toli Toli, December 9-18, 1914; Tandjong Pen- so Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898. p. 548.?? Tr. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. S, 1872, p. 73." Nov. Zool., vol. 19, 1912, p. 317. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 103ART. 16.ioe, February 17, 1915; Likoepang, March 2-6, 1916; Koeala Prang,June 17, 1916; Temboan, July 25-30, 1916; Koelawi, February 2-9,1917; Gimpoe, August 2-27, 1917; Toewo Mountain, Besoa,October 29, 1917. .I have no specimens of typical 3Iunia inolucca, but am reterringthe above series to the typical form on geographic grounds.Family EULABETIDAE.GLOSSY STARLINGS.191. BASILEORNIS CELEBENSIS G. R. Gray.One male, Soemalata, September 9, 1914; one male, Kwandang,October 9, 1914; one male and one female, Temboan, July 30, 1916;two males, Kano Lindoe, March 16 and 21, 1917; one male, Gimpoe,August 21, 1917.192. LAMPROCORAX PANAYENSIS NEGLECTUS (Walden).A large series of adults of both sexes and immature from: KwalaBesar, August 23-24, 1914: Soemalata, September 8-9, November 3,1914-'Kapas Bay, November 23, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, February23-26, 1915; Koeala Prang, June 4-18, 1916; Parigi, September12-24', 1916;'Toboli, October 24-25, 1916; Tinomboe, December 15,Adults of the above series when compared with Philippine speci-mens of typical L. f. panayensis are duller and darker, not so glossy,and with a tendency to have a bluish cast on the back; the uppersurface of the tail and wings is also darker. There seems to belittle or no difference in size, as the following will show : Ten males from CelebesTen males from the PhilippmesTen females from CelebesTen females from the Philippmes Eggs fully developed (Parigi, Sept. 23, 1916).?H. C. R.193. LAMPROCORAX MONTOSA Riley.?sA good series of both adults and immature from Rano Lindoe,March 4-16, 1917.The following is the original description : Similar to Lamprocorax minor, but feathers of the throat jugulum, andSides of neck almost plain shining green, onlya^ligM_p^^^ e? Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., vol. 34, 1921. p. 57. 104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 64. In certain lights ; averaging slightly smaller. Wing, 99 ; tail, 59.5 ; culmen,16 ; tarsus, 21 ; middle-toe, 17.5 mm.Remarks.?The above species is founded upon 11 males, 8 females, and 3Immatures, all taken at the type locality, March 4-16, 1917. For comparisonI only have three females of Laviprocorax viinor from Pendek and TobeaIslands, Buton Strait. There appears to be little difference in the sexes thefemale only being smaller and duller than the males. The series of Lam-procorax montosa is quite uniform, the purplish sheen on the throat andjugulum being faint and only seen in a favorable light and absent or nearly sofrom the sides of the neck.In Lamprocorax minor the purplish sheen is much more pronounced onthe throat and jugulum and even extends to the side of the neck ; it is also ap-parently larger. The type of Lamprocorax todayensis (a female) from MountApo, Mindanao, I'esembles Lamprocorax montosa very much, but the feathersof the throat and jugulum are more lanceolate and the purple sheen is stillfainter, almost lacking ; the wings are duller. I attach no importance to thelatter, as the series of L. montosa shows that as the plumage fades theiridescent green of the wings disappears and they become brownish and thebacks steely. Lamprocorax todayensis and montosa are both mountain formsderived from the same stock, probably Lamprocorax minor, but as thelatter appears to be even a later immigrant from the south into Celebes,It is better to treat them all as species for the present imtil more is knownof their distribution and relationship.Since writing the above the United States National Museum hasacquired a specimen of Lamprocorax viinor from Sumba Island.This has the purplish sheen on the throat and jugulum even moreextensive than in the specimens from south Celebes; in fact it ex-tends clear around the hind-neck, forming a collar.The various series average as follows : Ten male, L. montosaEight females, L. montosaThree females, L. minor, from S. Cele-besOne female, L. minor, from SumbaOne female, L. todayensis, the type. Wing. AKT. 16. BIRDS FEOM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 105Sore, November 19, 1916; Koelawi, January 27-28, 1917; llanoLindoe, March 5-19, 1917; Tamboe, June 13, 1917; Gimpoe, August3-23, 1917; Toare, September 20-23, 1917; Pinedapa, January 13 andFebruary 8, 1918.There appears to be no constant differences in birds from thenorth and the north-central mountainous country.Two immature specimens, male and female, from Manembo Nembo,June 23 (249789-790), in worn abraded plumage, with short crests,have the scapulars, lesser wingcoverts, tips of the remiges, occiput,ear-coverts, and a central band down the rump cinnamon-brown;the backs have begun to acquire the shining bluish black of theadults; the chin blackish; the crest has begun to develop slightly;the male has the chest spotted with brownish, the female not; thebreasts have a brownish cast ; the tails are much as in the adults, ex-cept the feathers are tipped with brownish. Another stage of theimmature is much like the adult, except only the chin is black, thereis a band of black spots across the chest, and the white on the hindneck is less developed. Still another stage of immature has no blackon the chin whatever and no chain of black spots across the chestand evidently represents an older stage than the above, as they weretaken later in the year (Gimpoe, August 10, 252556-252257). 195. ENODES ERYTHROPHRYS ERYTHROPHRYS (Temminck).A good series of both sexes from Goenoeng Kalabat, 1,700 meters,April 6-9, 1916, and Toemaratas, July 4 and 9, 1916.196. ENODES ERYTHROPHRYS CENTRALIS Riley."*One male, the type, Goenoeng Lehio, January 13, 1917 ; one male,Winatoe, January 21, 1917 ; one male and two females, Lindoe Trail,February 28, 1917; three males and two females, Toewo Mountain,Besoa, October 29-November 3, 1917 ; one male, Kano Rano, December28, 1917.All the specimens from the northern part of the island have thepeculiar superciliary feathers flame scarlet, while the above seriesfrom the north central region has them orange chrome; this is themost striking difference and seems to be constant, although there areother minor and inconstant characters that are only average. Forthe above reason 1 have ventured to separate the north-central bird,with the following description:Similar to Enodes erythrojihrys erythrophrys, but superciliaries orangechrome, not flame scarlet; rump and crissum lighter yellow; outer margin ofwing feathers and upper surface of tail more greenish ; and wing and tailshorter. Wing, 109 ; tail, 106.5 ; culmen, 19 ; tarsus, 26.5 ; middle toe, 21.5 mm. ?*Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol, 33, 1920, p. 56 (Goenoeng Lehio). 106 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.The two series average as follows : VOL. 64, mm.Seven males, north Celebes 115Six males, north-central Celebes 111.2Eight females, north Celebes ^ 107. 2Four females, north-central Celebes ; 104. 6 Culmen. A bird of the year that seems to be fully grown, taken at Besoa,November 2, is lighter above and below than the adult and the super-ciliaries are light cadmium instead of orange chrome. 197. SCISSIROSTRUM DUBIUM (Latham).A good series of both sexes of nearly all ages from: Soemalata,September 8-9, 1914; Likoepang, Feliruary 23-March 10, 1916:Ayermadidi, May 6, 1916; Rano Lindoe, March 4r-15, 1917; Gimpoe,August 5-24, 1917 ; Pinedapa, February 7, 1918.After comparing a series from the north with another from thenorth-central mountainous area there appear to be no constant dif-ferences in size or color.The majority of the specimens taken at Rano Lindoe in Marchare molting from a brownish-gray plumage to a slaty one; quite anumber are undoubtedly immature as the red tips to the rumpfeathers are duller, but the brownish plumage must be due to fading,for a-young bird just from the nest does not differ materially fromthe adult, except the lores are lighter and the red tips to the rumpfeathers are duller. The adult specimens taken at Gimpoe in Augusthave the dark color of the lores and chin much reduced and arelighter than freshly molted March birds; this is probably due tofading, but some of the Gimpoe specimens are also molting. Thiswould tend to show that they have two molts a year, or that indi-vidual birds may be found molting at any time.Young, apparently taken from the nest and others barely able tofly, with short stumpy tails, were collected at Gimpoe August 24.The younger stage, with feathers only just appearing on the feathertracts, shows the red tips to the rump feathers where the tips arebreaking through the sheath. A young female, about half grown,was taken at Rano Lindoe March 6; this seems to indicate that thebreeding season must be irregular.Judging from the series taken, this must be an extremely abundantbird on the island. ^BT. 16. BIRBS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 107Family ORIOLIDAE.ORIOLES. 198. ORIOLUS CELEBENSIS CELEBENSIS (Walden).A good series of both sexes from: Kapas Bay, July 22 and No-vember 22, 1914; Kwala Besar, August 23, 1914; Soemalata, Septem-ber 4-8, 1914; Kwandang, September 17-October 26, 1914; Paleleh,November 9, 1914; Toll Toll, December 6, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe.February 17-26, 1915; Likoepang, January 14-March 12, 1916;Ayermadidi, May 5, 1916; Koeala Prang, June 5 and 15, 1916; BatoeHangoes Baroe, June 11, 1916; Temboan, July 17, 1916; Toboli, Oc-tober 21-25, 1916; Laboea Sore, November 26, 1916; Lindoe Trail,February 25, 1917; Rano Lindoe, March 7-21, 1917; Gimpoe, August3-25, 1917; Toare, September 23, 1917; Parigi, September 16-20,1917; Pinedapa, February 9 and 21, 1918.The majority of the specimens with the black occipital band in-terrupted or entirely absent are designated as females by the collec-tor; some of the females possessing the black occipital band, havethis character less developed than in the fully adult males. Speci-mens indicated as males, with the occipital band interrupted behind,are probably younger males that have not acquired the fully adultplumage. In other words, the specimens before me seem to bear outMeyer and Wiglesworth's?^ belief that the interrupted occipital bandis more or less sexual, it being united in the males and to a less extentin the old females. The variation in the tail pattern is more or lessof a variable character, birds with the outer tail feather nearlysolidly yellow, or with the base black outwardly, not being confinedto either sex or age, except that the tails of the males average agreater amount of black. One female (No. 248581), taken at Tand-jong Penjoe, February 17, has scarcely any black in the tail what-ever, it being lemon chrome and pyrite yellow in the usual pattern,only slightly blackish next the yellow tip on the three pairs of feath-ers next the central pair. No other specimen approaches it.A male in apparently adult plumage taken at Soemalata, Sep-tember 8 (No. 248570), and another male taken at Parigi, September20 (No. 250264) have the bills black, but that this is an immaturecharacter still retained is shown by an undoubted immature shot atHano Lindoe, March 15 (No. 251032) ; all three have the black oc-cipital band indicated.No specimens from south Celebes are available for comparison butthere are apparently no constant differences in color or size between 86 Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 587. 108 PBOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. VOL. 64.birds from the extreme north and the north-central mountainouscountry. The majority of northern birds are said to have theoccipital black band interruiDted, but in the extensive series before methis does not prove to be the case and as mentioned above there aregrounds to suspect that this character is one of age, or to a certainextent sexual.In any event Onolus celehensis meridionalis Hartert^^ is preoc-cuj)ied by Oriolus meridionalis Brehm.^^Family DICRURIDAE.DHONGOS.199. DICRUROPSIS LEUCOPS (Wallace).A good series of both sexes and nearly all ages from the followinglocalities: Kwala Besar, July 29-31, 1914; Paleleh, August 1-19,1914; Soemalata, September 6-8, 1914; Kwandang, September 16-October 8, 1914; Toli Toli, December 1, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, Feb-ruary IT, 27, 1915; Likoepang, January 16-March 12, 1916; Tetea-moet, February 3, 1916; Ayermadidi, April 1, 1916; ManemboNembo, June 22, 23, 1916 ; Toemaratas, July 8, 1916 ; Toboli, October26, 1916 ; Laboea Sore, November 21, 1916 ; Kasimbar, December 13,1916; Rano Lindoe, March 7, 1917; Gimpoe, August 4-25, 1917;Pinedapa, January 14-February 20, 1918.There are two young, with short stumpy tails, apparently justfrom the nest, taken at Teteamoet, February 3, and Pinedapa, Feb-ruary 20. Judging from this, the breeding season must be veryearly in the year.Birds from the central and northern parts of Celebes do notappear to differ in size or color and a female in the United StatesNational Museum from near Macassar is not essentially different.The various series average as follows : Ten males, North CelebesTen males, Central Celebes..Ten females, North Celebes..Ten females, Central CelebesOne female. South Celebes... Wing. ART. 16. BIRDS FROM NORTH CELEBES RILEY. 109The original description is as follows : Similar to Dieruropsis leucops but much smaller, especially the bill and feet ; the metallic colors duller, more bronzy, and spots on the chest reduced insize ; the tail more forked, the feathers narrower, and the outer pair lesalflared outwardly. Wing, 131 ; tail, 138 ; culmen, 24 ; tarsus, 19 ; middle toe,14 mm.In this genus there is practically no difference in color between the sexes andvery little difference in size ; females average slightly smaller. The threefemales of Dieruropsis montana measure as follows: Wing, 133.5?140 (137.5) ;tail, 133-152.5 (142.2) ; culmen, 24-24.5 (24.3) ; tarsus, 19.5-20 (19.7) ; middletoe, 14-14.5 (14.2). Nine females of Dieruropsis leucops measure: Wing,154-167 (159.4) ; tail, 131-150 (138.6) ; culmen, 29-35.5 (32.6) ; tarsus, 24r-26(24.8) ; middle toe, 17-19 (18.2). From the above it will be seen how greatlythe two above species differ in size ; differences that can not be explained inany other way than that the smaller bird is specifically distinct.To the original description there is one correction to be made,the locality given on the label, Besoa, proves to be a district ; in Mr.Raven's field catalogue the precise locality is given as ToewoMountain.All the above localities are in the mountains, in the generalregion of Lake Lindoe.This is one of Raven's most interesting discoveries and I am notrealy sure that it belongs in the same genus with Dieruropsis leucops^as the rictal bristles are longer, the bill and feet weaker, and thetail structurally different, but there seems no other place for it andit has been clearly derived from the lowland species.Family CORVIDAE.CHOWS.201, NESOCORAX TYPICA (Bonaparte).A pair from Toewo Mountain, Besoa, October 26 and 30, 1917;and another pair from Pinedapa, January 14, 1918.The above specimens were taken considerably north of anyhitherto reported locality. They measure as follows: No. 110 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM. vol.64.defined but encroaches upon the white of the lower parts where itbecomes fuscous-black; the white collar is bordered narrowly pos-teriorly with fuscous; there is a tuft of elongate white feathers,tipped with fuscous, on the flanks; the thighs are black like theback; and there are other slight discrepancies.Seen ouly about patches of isolated woods or along the edge of heavy forest.Its call is very much like that of a jay, not at all like Corvus. Nest a structuresomewhat like that of a crow, placed high in a tall tree at the border of aclearing, and composed of twigs, etc. Eyes hazel brown. Locally known askoki (Pinedapa).?H. C. R.As Walden^ has clearly shown that Gazzola Bonaparte can not beused for this genus and as no one has apparently proposed a substi-tute, I have reluctantly renamed it Nesocorax?202. CORVUS ENCA Horsfield. subspecies?A good series of both sexes and young from : Tandjong Tango,August 28, 1914; Soemalata, September 3-7, and November 3, 1914;Kwandang, September 20, 1914 ; Paleleh, November 9, 1914 ; Boesak,November 16, 1914; Kapas Bay, November 18-22, 1914; Toli Toli,November 25-December 20, 1914; Tandjong Penjoe, February 17-27, 1915; Likoepang, January 16-March 11, 1916; Ayermadidi, April4-May 16, 1916; Batoe Hangoes Baroe, June 11, 1916; ManemboNembo, June 22, 1916 ; Temboan, July 20, 1916 ; Parigi, September9-10, 1916; Toboli, October 12-27, 1916; Tinomboe, December 15,1916; Koelawi, January 6-7, 1917; Winatoe, January 10, 1917;Rano Lindoe, March 9, 1917 ; Gimpoe, August 5, 1917 ; Toeare, Bada,October 3, 1917; Pinedapa, February 14, 1918.The above large series of crows shows quite a little individualvariation in size. I have been able to compare them with only twoJavan specimens (a male and female), and while the latter seem tohave the bill proportionately slenderer and less arched, the seriesis too unequal to form any definite opinion, except that I believewith Meyer and Wiglesworth ^ that they are hardly the same. Evenif they should prove to be racially separable, the proper name couldonly be determined by an examination of Briiggemann's types ofthe several species described by him from Celebes.Birds from the north end of Celebes average slightly larger thanthose from the north-central part, but the differences are not greatenough to warrant recognition by name.Generally common ; it seems to prefer coconut groves.?H. C. R. 'Trans. Zool. Soc, vol. 8, 1872, p. 74.?Auk, vol. 38, 1921, p. 458.3 Birds of Celebes, vol. 2, 1898, p. 581. INDEX Pageabbotti, Celebesia 3,75,76Hypurolepis javanica ^^abditiva, Cataponera ^'^^Acanthis flavirostris..- --- ^^lAcanthopneuste borealis borealis 81everetti 83Accipiter rhodogaster rhodogaster 38Acmonorhynchus aureolimbatus 92Actitis hypoleucos -- 25aenigma, Collocalia vestita 3,55,56Aethopyga flavostriata 92Aethostoma -celebensis.. - - '^8affinis, Caprimulgus afflnis 53,54Milvus migrans **^alba, Tyto.-- -- ^^albicapilla, Macropygia albicapilla.- 15albonotata, Saxicola caprata 79Alcedinidae --Alcedoatthis ^^hispidoides..- - '*9coromanda 50sacra - - ^Amaurornis phoenieura chinensis 22cleptea 21,22javanica 21,22leucomelana.- - 21ambiguus, Haliastur Indus 39amboinensis, Macropygia. -- 15Megalurus.- - 81Anas arcuata -- -- -- ^^javanica -- ^^superciliosa pelewensis. 34percna 3,33rogersi 33Anatidae - ^^Androphilus '^'^castaneus-- -- - '^^Anhinga melanogaster 36Anbingidae - 36annamensis, Dendrobiastes hyperythra 69A nthreptes chlorigaster cagayanensis 96celebensis 96chlorigaster 96rhodolaema 96wiglesworthi -.. 96griseigularis 96malacensis-- --- 96bornensis-- -- 96cagayanensis 96celebensis 95,96chlorigaster.- 96paraguae 96wiglesworthi 95,96rhodolaema 96Anthus gustavi 190 Arachnorhapiiid -Arachnothera -arcuata, Anas.- -Dendrocygna arcuata.Ardeidae. yy '.19333329Ardcola speciosa ^^ariel, Fregata ariel -- --- ^^Artamidae ^^Artamus leucorhynchus celebensis 83monachus 84astrologus, Ixobrychus sinensis 32atricapilla, Munia ^91Muscicapa ^3atrifrons, Zosterops.. 89atrifrons -- 88,89atthis, Alcedo ^^aureolimbatus, Acmonorhynchus 92australis, Dendrocygna arcuata... ...- 33Nyroca *'^*^24AvocetsBabbling Thrushes.... "^^bankiva, Gallus gaUus 9, 10banyumas, Cyornis banyumas 66Barn Owls. - ^^basalis, Lamprococcyx.... 58Basileornis celebensis - ^''3baueri, Vetola lapponica. 25Baza celebensis ---erythrothorax *^Bee-eaters -bicolor, Graucalus - "^^Myristicivora ^*bimaculata, Phlogoenas... 1^29Bitternsblasii, Hypothymis puella ?bonensis, Pachycephala.. 85,86bonthaina, Pachycephala 85borealis, Acanthopneuste borealis 81bornensis, Anthreptes malacensis 96brunneiceps, Munia atricapilla... 100, 101Bubulcus ibis coromandus 32Buceros leucocephalus - 51Bucerotidae ^^Budytes flavus plexus 190similhma... 190Butorldes javanica javanica 31striatus. 31cabanisi, Munia punctulata... 192Cacatoes sulphurea - *6Cacatoidae ^?Cacomantis merulinus merulinus 57sepulcralis virescens 57caerulea, Florida. 30cagayanensis, Anthreptes chlorigaster 96malacensis 96 I caledonicus, Nycticorax 30,31111 112 INDEX ? >ageCalialcyon 50calorhynchus, Khamphococcyx calorhynchus 61,62,63calvus, Porphyrio 23Campephagidae 73Capella megala 26caprata, Saxicola caprata 79Caprimulgidae 53Caprimulgus aflBnis afEnis 53,54griseatus 53mindanensis 54propinquus 3,53,54celebensis. 54macrurus 54macrurus 54manilensis 54Carpophaga mindorensis... 14pulchella 13easpica, Motacilla cinerea 99cassidix, Cranorrhinus 51castaneum, Nettion 35castaneus, Androphilus. 77Cataponera abditiva 3,76turdoides 77Ceblepyris morio 75eelebense, Trichostoma 79celebensis, Aethostoma 78Anthreptes chlorigaster 96malacensis. 95,96Artamus leucorhynchus 83Basileornis 103Baza 41Caprimulgus 54Hirundapus 56Hypotaenidia celebensis. 19,20Lophastur 41Megalurus-- 3,4,81Oriolus celebensis 107Orodytes celebensis 97, 98Pernis celebensis 40Pitta 64Pyrrhocentor celebensis 60, 61Scolopas... 3,4,26,27Celebesia 4,75,76abbotti 3,75,76celebicum, Dicaeum 91centralis, Enodes erythrophrys 3,105Leucotreron fischeri 12Meropogon forsteni... 52Ptilopus 12Rhamphococcyx 3calorhynchus 62Centropus bengalensis sarasinorum 60ceramensis, Cryptolopha 83Cerchneis moluccensis microbalia 42moluccensis 42occidentalis 41Ceycopsis fallax 49Chaetura dubia 56Chalcophaps indica indica 15stephani stephani 16chandleri, Eulabeornis philippensis 18Hypotaenidia philippensis 18Charadriidae 24Charadrius dubius. 24peroni 24 Pagechinensis, Amaurornis phoenicura 22chlorigaster, Anthreptes chlorigaster 96malacensis 96Chlorocharis squamiceps 90chloroptera, Myzomela chloroptera 97Chrysococcyx basalis mellori 58Ciconiidae 28cinnamomeus, Nannoenus 32Cinnyris novaeguineae 99.Circus assimilis quirindus 37Cisticola erythrocephala 80exilis grayi 79semirufa. 80grayi 80semirufa 80Citturacyanotis 50cleptea, Amaurornis phoenicura 21,22Cockatoos 46Collocalia eseulenta esculenta 54vestita aenigma 3, 55, '6mearnsi 55vestita... 55Columba giilaris 12Columbidae 14Compsoenas 14radiata 14connectens, Eurystomus orlentalis 48Coots 17Coracias garrulus... 48temmincki 47,48Coraciidae 47Coracornis 4,86raveni. 3,86coromanda, Alcedo 50coromandus, Bubulcus ibis. 32Corvidae 108Corvus enca 110Cranobrontes 51Cranorrhinus cassidix 51cristatus, Pandion haliaetus 43Crows 10Cryptolopha ceramensis 83everetti'waterstradti 83nesophila 3,81,82nigrorum 82sarasinorum 82trivirgatus.. 82, 83Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa 14Cuckoos 57Cuckoo-shrikes 73Cuculidae.. 57Culicicapa helianthea helianthea _. 71panayensis... _. 71Cuncuma leucogaster 39cyanopus Numenius 25cyanotis, Cittura 50Cyclarhis 85Cyornis banyumas banyumas C6omissa 66hoevelli 66hyacinthina 67kuhni 67Cyrtostomus frenatus dissentiens 94meyeri.. 94,95plateni. 94,95Darters 36 INDEX 113Page9QDemigretta sacra sacraDendrobiastes hyperythra annamensis 69jugosae 3,68,69rufigula 68vulcani-.- --- 68,69Dondrocygna arcuata arcuata - 33australis 33guttata 33javanica - 33Dendrophassa griseicauda griseicauda 10pulverulenta 10vernans purpurea Hzalepta HDicaeidae --- 'Dicaeum celebicumnehrkorni - ^^Dichromanassa rufescens -- 30Dicruridae ^^*Dicruropsis leucops 108,109montana - 3,108,10917Diopezus -tristigmata - - -- ^^dissentiens, C yrtostomus frenatus 94Dissoura episcopus 28neglecta -- 28stormi 28dohertyi, Lophozosterops 90Doves - - ? ^^Drongos.. - ^^^dubia, Chaetura ^^Hirundapus celebensis 56dubium, Scissirostrum 106dubius, Charadrius - 24Ducks - - 2^duinicola, Hypurolepis javanica 65Dupetor flavicollis flavicollis - - 32Eagles ^^Edolisoma - ^*^morio morio ^* Pageeurhinus, Totanus totanus... 25Eurystomus orientalis connectens 48Eutelipsitta ^^ riglesworthi _ 75Egretta garzetta nigripes. meyen meyen . 45 29Elanus hypoleucus ^0enca, Corvus ^^^Enodes erythrophrys centralis- 3,105erythrophrys 105Entomothera... 5"coromanda rufa- 49epia, Leucotreron.episcopus, Dissoura? 28erythrocephala, Cisticola *^0erythrophrys, Enodes erythrophrys 105Erythrosterna -- - ^^erythrothorax. Baza 41esculenta, Collocalia esculenta 54Eudynamis melanorhyncha 58Eulabeornis philippensis chandler! 18Eulabetidae -- 1*^3eulophotes, Hemigarzetta 29Eumyias. 73harterti. 72meridionalis --- 72nigriloris - 72nigrimentaUs -- 72obiensis? - - '_^panayensisseptentrionalis septentrionalis 72 everetti, Acanthopneuste - 83exaratus, Rhabdotorrhinus _ _ - - - 51Excalfactoria ehinensis minima 7palmeri 8Falconidae -- 37Falcunculidae 84,85fallax, Ceycopsis. 49fergussonis, Melilestes 99ferrugineus, Gallus gallus 9fischeri, Leucotreron -- 12flaveola, Qerygone 09flavicans, Prioniturus 46flavicollis, Dupetor flavicollis 32flavlrostris, Acanthis 101FringiUa 101flavostriata, Aethopyga 92Florida caerulea 30Flower-peckers 91Flycatchers 06formosana, Munia atricapilla 101forsteni, Meropogon torsteni 53Pitta... - ---- 64Sauropatis chloris 50Zonophaps 13Fregata ariel ariel 36iredalei 36Fregatidae 36Fringilla flavlrostris 101minuta ^01frontalis, Geocichla 5Hypurolepis javanica 65frontata, Gallinula -- 22Fruit Pigeons ^0fruticola, Saxicolacaprata. 79fulvus, Lichtensteinipicus fulvus ._ 63,64Pluvialis domiuicus 24Galhcolumba - --- ^^galhnacea, Irediparra gallinacea 27GalUnuIa froutata 22Galhnules ^"^Gallus gallus bankiva - 9,10ferrugineus 9gallus 9.10murghi ' 10gallus, Phasianus- 9garrulus, Coracias 48Gazzola ^^^Geocichla frontalis 5Gerygone flaveola -- 09giulianettii .- 83gibberifrons, Nettion gibberifrons 34,35gilbertii, Megapodius cumingi 6giulianettii, Gerygone... - - 83glareola, Rhyacophilus 26Glossy Starlings ^93Goatsuckers --- - ^3goodfellowi, Zosterops 90grata, Malia grata .-- 77Graucalus bicolor - -- '^3leucopygius 73temmincki temmincki 74 114 INDEXPageGraucalus temmincki tonkeanus 74grayi, Cisticola 80exilis --- 79Hermotimia 93Grebes - --- ^^griseatus, Caprimulgus affinis 53griseicauda, Dendrophassa griseicauda 10Treron 10griseiceps, Lophospiza 37griseigularis, Anthreptes 96gularis, Columba '2Hypotaenidia striata 18Rallus 18gustavi, Anthus IW)guttata, Dendrocygna 33gutturalis, Hirundo rustica 65Qymnocrex rosenbergi - 20Haemataena melanocephalus melanospilus- - 12haesitandus, Spilospizias trinotatus 38Halcyon sanctus 50Haliastur indus ambiguus - 39harterti, Eumyias - 72Hawks -- 37helianthea, Culicicapa helianthea 71Hemigarzetta eulophotes 29Hemiprocne wallacei - 54Hemiprocnidae 54Hermotimia grayi 93porphyrolaema meyeri 93porphyrolaema . 93scapulata 93Herons --- 29Himantopus leucocephalus leucoeephalus 24timorensis 24Hirundapus celebensis - 56dubia --- 56Hirundinidae 65Hirundo rustica gutturalis. - - - - - - 65hispidoides, Alcedoatthis --- - 49hoevelli, Cyornis - 66Siphia 66Honeyeaters 97Hornbills - -- 51Horned Owls 44humilis, Icthyophaga humilis 42hyacinthina, Cyornis 67hypoleucos, Actitis 25hypoleucus, Elanus... --- 40Hypotaenidia celebensis celebensis 19, 20philippensis chandleri 18saturata - - - 20striata gularis 18striata 17sulcirostris 20torquata 20Hypothymis puella blasii -- 70puella 70Hypurolepis javanica abbotti .-. 65dumicola - 65frontalis -.- 65Ibises - --- ---- 27Ichthiaetus - - -- 43Ichthyaetus -. - 43Icthyophaga - - 43humilis humilis - 42Ictinaetus malayensis malayensis 39 Pageindica, Chalcophaps indica - 15intermedia, Zosterops 87intermedins, Lichtensteinipicus fulvus 63Microstictus 63Monachalcyon monachus 50iredalei, Fregata ariel --- 36Irediparra gallinacea gallinacea -.. 27novaehollandiae - 27isabellina, Oenolimnas -.. 20Ixobrychus sinensis astrologus 32Jacanas - 27Jacanidae.- -- 27jagori, Munia atricapilla 100, 101japonica, Ninox scutulata.? 44javanica, Amaurornis phoenicura 21, 22Anas 33Butorides javanica --. 31Dendrocygna 33Tyto alba --- 45javanicus, Merops philippinus_ 51johnstoniae, Trichoglossus 46juga, Myzomela chloroptera 97jugosae, Dendrobiastes hyperythra 3,68,69Kingfishers - - 48klihni, Cyornis --- 67Lalage leucopygialis .- 76Lamprococcyx 58basalis 58lucidus 58malayanus 58Lamprocorax minor -- 103,104montosa 3, 103, 104panayensis neglectus 103panayensis 103todayensis-- - 104lanceolatus, Spizaetus ..- - 39leucocephalus, Buceros - 51leucogaster, Cuncuma 39leucomelana, Amaurornis phoenicura 21leucops, Dicruropsis --- 108,109leucopygialis, Lalage 76leucopygius, Graucalus 73Leucotreron epia 12flscheri 12centralis 12Lichtensteinipicus fulvus fulvus. 63,64intermedins 63wallacei 64Lonchura 101Lophastur celebensis 41Lophospiza griseiceps - 37Lophozosterops dohertyi 90squamiceps 89striaticeps 89subcristatus.. 90Loriculus stigmatus --. 47Lories - 45Loriidae. - 45Loxia molucca 101lucidus, Lamprococcyx - 58luctuosa, Myristicivora 1*Stoparola... 73lugubris, Surniculus 1 --- 57Lyncornis macropterus - 53macropterus, Lyncornis 53Macropygia albicapilla albicapilla 15 INDEX 115PageMacropygia amboinensis 15macrurus, Caprimulgus - 54macrurus 54malacensis, Anthreptes - 96malayanus, Lamprococcyx 58malayensis, Ictina6tus malayensis 39maleo, Megacephalon 7Malia gratagrata - 77recondita - 78Malindangia 75,76manilensis, Caprimulgus 54Pyxrherodias purpurea 29manillensis, Nycticorax... 31Man-o-war birds 36mearnsi, Collocalia vestita 55Megacephalon maleo 7megala, Capella 26Megalurus amboinensis 81celebensis 3,4,81Megapodes ..- 6Megapodiidae 6Megapodius cumingi gilbertii 6sanghirensis 6megarhynchus, Melilestes -.. 98melanogaster, Anhinga. 36melanope, Motaeilla cinerea 99melanops, Muscicapa 73melanorhyncha, Eudynamis 58Ramphalcyon melan-orhyncha 48melanospilus, Haemataena melanocephalus.. 12Melilestes 98,99fergussonis 99megarhynchus 98Meliphagidae _ 97mellori, Chrysococcyx basalis. 58menadensis, Otus menadensis 44Turacoena menadensis 14meridionalis, Eumyias 72Muscitrea 84Oriolus 108celebensis_ 108Orodytes celebensis 97, 98Rhamphococcyx calorhynchus. 62Meropidae 51Meropogon forsteni centralis 52forsteni 53Merops ornatus ornatus 52shortridgei 52philippinus javanicus 51merulinus, Cacoraantis merulinus 57meyeri, Oyrtostomus frenatus 94,95Eutelipsitta meyeri 45Hermotimia porphyrolaema 93microbalia, Cerchneis moluccensis 42microhaliafitus, Pandion haliaetus 44Micropodidae 54Microstictus intermedius 63Milvus migrans afflnis 40minabasa, Eallina 20minahassae, Nycticorax 31manillensis 30mindanensis, Caprimulgus afiSnis 54mindorensis, Carpophaga.. 14minima, Excalfaetoria chinensis 7minor, Lamprocorax 103,104 Pageminuta, Fringilla 101mira, Scolopax rusticola 26, 27molucca, Loxia lOlMunia molucca_. 102moluccensis, Cerchneis mohiccensis 42Monachalcyon monachus intermedius 50monachus, Artamus 84montana, Dicruropsis 3,108,109montosa, Lamprocorax 3, 103, 104morio, Ceblepyris 75Edolisoma morio _ 74Motaeilla cinerea caspica 99melanope 99flava simillima lOOMotacillidae 99muelleri, Tanygnathus muelleri 46mugimaki, Poliomyias 4,68miilleri, Pseudozosterops 90Munia _ loiatricapilla 101brunneiceps 100,101formosana _ lOljagori 100,101molucca molucca _ 102punctulata cabanisi _ 102nisoria 102particeps 3,101murghi, Gallus gallus 10Muscadivores paulina 13Muscicapa atricapilla 73melanops 73parva... 68pectoralis 86Muscicapidae 66Muscicapula melanoleuca westermanni 69Muscitrea 85meridionalis... 84sulfuriventra 84musschenbroecki, Surniculus 57Myiagra puella 70Myristicivora bicolor 14luctuosa 14Myzomela chloroptera chloroptera 97juga 97Nannocnus cinnamomeus 32Nectariniidae 92neglecta, D issoura episcopus _ 28neglectus, Lamprocorax panayensis. 103nehrkorni, Dicaeum... 92Neochalcites 58Nesocorax notypica . 109nesophila, Cryptolopha. 3,81,82Nettion castaneum 35rogersi 35gihberifrons gibberifrors. . _ 34, 35nigriloris, Eumyias.. 72nigrimentalis, Eumyias 72nigripes, Egretta garzetta 29nigrorum, Cryptolopha 82Ninox ochracea 44scutulata japonica 44nisoria, Munia punctulata 102novaeguineae, Cinnyris 99novaehollandiae, Irediparra gallinacea 27Scythrops 59 116 INDEXPageNumenius cyanopus -- 25Nycticorax caledonicus 30,31manillensis 31minahassae --- 30minahassae 31Nyroca australis - 4,36obiensis, Eumyias - 72occidentalis, Cerchneis moluccensis 41ochracea, Ninox - 44ocularis, Poliolimnas cinereus 21Oenolimnas isabellina - - 20omissa, Cyornis banyumas 66Orioles -- -- 107Oriolidae 107Oriolus celebensis celebensis 107meridionalis 108meridionalis-. 108ornatus, Merops ornatus 52Trichoglossus 45Orodytes 98celebensis celebensis 97, 98meridionalis 97,98Osmotreron wallacei 10Ospreys 43Otus menadensis menadensis 44Owls, Barn... 45Horned 44Pachycephala bonensis 85,86bonthaina 85pluviosa 3,85,86palliatus, Porphyrio calvus 22indicus var 23palmeri, Excalfactoria chinensis 8panayensis, Culicicapa helianthea. 71Eumyias 72Lamprocorax panayensis 103Xantholestes... 71Pandion haliaetus cristatus 43microhaliaetus 44Pandionidae 43paraguae, Anthreptes malacensis 96Parakeets 46Parrots 46particeps, Munia punctulata 3, 101parva, Muscicapa 68paulina, Muscadivores... 13pectoralis, Muscicapa 86pelecanoides, Thalasseus bergii 23pelewensis, .'Vnas superciliosa 34percna. Anas superciliosa 3, 33peregrinus, Plegadis falcinellus 27Peristeridae 15Pernis celebensis celebensis 40peroni, Charadrius 24Phaeopus phaeopus variegatus 25Phasianidae..- 7Phasianus gallus 9Pheasants 7philippensis, Podiceps ruficollis 23Phlegaenas tristigmata 17Phlogoenas... 17bimaculata 17Phyllergates cucuUatus riedeli 83Picidae 63Pigeons 14Fruit - 10 PagePipits 99Pitta celebensis 64forsteni 64Pittas 64Pittidae 64plateni, Cyrtostomus frenatus.. 94,95platurus, Prioniturus platurus.. 46Plegadidae 27Plegadis falcinellus peregrinus 27plexus, Budytes flavus 100Ploceidae 100Plovers 24Pluvialis dominicus fulvus 24pluviosa, Pachycephala 3,85,86Podiceps ruficollis tricolor 23philippensis 23Podicipedidae.. 23poecilorrhoa, Cryptophaps 14poliocephala, Zonophaps .- 13Poliolimnas cinereus ocularis 21Poliomyias mugimalii 4,68Porphyrio calvus 23palliatus 22indicus var. palliatus 23smaragdinus 23porphyrolaema, Hermotimiaporphyrolaema,, 93Prioniturus flavicans .- 46platurus platurus 46propLnquus, Caprimulgus afflnis 3,53,54Pseudotharrhaleus 77Pseudozosterops miilleri. 90squamiceps 90striaticeps 3,89,90Psittacidae 46Psitteuteles... 46Ptilopus centralis 12puella, Hypothymis puella 70Myiagra .- 70pulchella, Carpophaga 13pulverulenta, Dendrophassa griseicauda 10purpurea, Dendrophassa vernans 11Pyrrherodias purpurea manUensis 29Pyrrhocentor celebensis celebensis 60, 61rufescens 61quirindus, Circus assimilis 37radiata, Compsoenas 14RaUs.... 17Rallidae 17Rallina minahasa 20Rallus gularis .- 18Ramphalcyon melanorhyncha melanor-hyncha 48raveni, Coracornis 3,86recondita, Malia grata 78Recurvirostridae 24Rhabdotorrhinus exaratus 51Rhamphococcyx calorhynchus calorhynchus. 61,62,63centralis. 62meridionalis.. 02centralis 3Rhipidura teysmannL 70, 71rhodogaster, Accipiter rhodogaster... 38rhodolaema, Anthreptes 96chlorigaster 96RhyacophUus glareola 26 i INDEX 117 riedeli, Phyllergates cucullatusrogersi, Anas superciliosa.Nettion castaneumgibberifronsRollers -rosenbergi, GymnocrexTyto albarostratum, Trichostomarufa, Entomothera coromandarufescens, DichromanassaPyrrhocentor celebensis...ruflgula, Dendrobiastesrufipectus, SpOornis rufipectiisrusticola, Scolopaxsacra, Alcedo ..-Demigretta sacrasancta, Sauropatissanctus, Halcyonsanghirensis, Megapodiussarasinorum, Centropus bengalensis.CryptolophaZosteropssaturata, Hypotaenidia rage833335354720457949306168392750295050660828720Scolopax 26,27Sauropatis 50chloris forsteni 50sancta 50Sasicola caprata albonotata 79caprata 79fruticola 79scapulata, Hermotimia porphyrolaema 93Scissirostrum dubium 106Scolopacidae 25Scolopax celebensis 3,4,26,27rusticola 27mira 26,27saturata.. 26,27Scythrops novaehollandiae 59semirufa, Cisticola 80exilis 80septentrionalis, Eumyias septentrionali? 72shortridgei, Merops ornatus 52Silver-eyes. 87simillima, Budytes flavus i 100Motacilla flava 100Siphia hoevelli 66smaragdinus, Porphyrio 23Snipes 25soloensis, Tachyspiza 38speciosa, Ardeola 31Spilornis rufipectus rufipectus 39Spilospiza trinotata trinotata 38Spilospizias trinotatus haesitandus... 38Spilotreron 12Spizaetus lanceolatus 39squamiceps, Chlorocharis 90Lophozosterops. 89Pseudozosterops 90Starlings, Glossy 103stephani, Chalcophaps stephani 16Sternidae 23stigmatus, Loriculus 47Stilts 24Stoparola 73luctuosa 73Stoporala 73 PageStorks 28stormi, Dissoura 28Streptocitta torquata... 104Streptopelia chinensis tigrina 15striata, Hypotaenidia striata 17striaticeps, Lophozosterops _. 89Pseudozosterops 3,89,90striatus, Butorides 31Strigidae 44subatrifrons, Zosterops.. 89subcristatus, Lophozosterops 90sulcirostris, Hypotaenidia 20sulfuriventra, Muscitrea 84sulphurea, Cacatoes. 46sumatrana, Typhon sumatrana 29Sun Birds . 92surda, Zosterops atrifrons 3, 88, 89Surniculus lugubris... 57musschenbroecki 57velutinus 57Swallows 65Wood 83Swifts 54Tree 54Sylviidae _. 79Tachyspiza soloensis 38Tanygnathus muelleri muelleri 46temmincki, Coracias 47,48Qraucalus temmincki 74Yungipicus 63Terns 23teysmanni, Rhipidura 70,71Thalasseus bergii pelecanoides 23Tiiickheads 84Thrushes 79Thrushes, Babbling 76tigrina, Streptopelia chinensis 15Timaliidae 76timorensis, Himantopus leucocephalus 24todayensis, Lamprocoras __. 104tonkeanus, Graucalus temmincki 74torquata, Hypotaenidia 20Streptocitta 104Totanus totanus eurhinus 25Toxorhamphus 99Tree Swifts 54Treron griseicauda 10Treronidae 10Trichoglossus johnstoniae 46ornatus 45Trichostoma celebense 79rostratum 79tricolor, Podiceps ruflcollis 23trinotata, Spilospiza trinotata 38tristigmata, Phlegaenas 17trivirgatus, Cryptolopha 82,83Turacoena menadensis menadensis 14Turdidae 79turdoides, Cataponera 77Typhon sumatrana sumatrana 29typica, Nesocorax 109Tyto alba... 45javanica 45rosenbergi 45Tytonidae 45Uroloncha 10120183?25?Proc.N.M.vol.64- -27 118 INDEXPagevariegatus, Phaeopus phaeopus 25velutinus, Sumiculus 57vestita, Collocalia vestita 55Vetola lapponica baueri 25Virago gibberifrons rogersi 35virescens, Cacomantis sepulcralis. 57vulcani, Dendrobiastes hyperythra 68,69Wagtails 99wallacei, Hemiprocne 64Lichtensteinipicus fulvus 64Osmotreron. - 10Warblers 79waterstradtl, Cryptolopha everetti -.. 83Weaver Birds 100westermanni, Muscicapula melanoleuca 69wiglesworthi, Anthreptes chlorigaster 96malacensis 95,96 Pastwigesworthi, Edolisoma morio 75Woodpeckers 63Wood Swallows 83Xantholestes panayensis 71Yungipicus temmincki 63zalepta, Dendrophassa vernans 11Zonophaps 14forsteni.. 13poliocephala.. 13Zosteropidae 87Zosterops atrifrons 89atrifrons 88,89surda 3,88,89goodfellowi 90intermedia 87sarasinorum 87subatrifrons.. 89