BIKDS COLLECTED IN INNER MONGOLIA, KANSU, ANDCHIHLI BY THE NATIONAL GEOGEAPHIC SOCIETY'SCENTRAL-CHINA EXPEDITION UNDER THE DIREC-TION OF F. R. WULSIN
By J. H. RileyAssistant Curator, Division of Birds, United States National Museum
In 1922, Mr. F. R. Wulsin went to China to conduct an expeditionfor the National Geographic Society to study the native non-Chinesepeoples in the western and central parts of the Republic. SelectingKansu as the objective of his first expedition, Mr. Wulsin startedfrom Paotow (railhead). Inner Mongolia, March 26th, and wentwestward along the base of the Lang Shan Mountains, thence turnedsouthward through Alashan and crossed the Holanshan Mountainsinto the irrigated plain of Ninghsia in northeastern Kansu. Hethen went westward and south to Lanchowfu, which was used as abase for further explorations of the Province. In late July, hefollowed up the Sining River to Sining, crossed the border intoTibet, and spent August 13-14 on the southeast corner of LakeKokonor. Returning then to Sining, he went southward to Labrangand on to Choni and the Min Shan range, which is on the boundarybetween southwest Kansu and northwest Szechwan. He thenreturned to Lanchowfu by a more direct route to the eastward andin early October went down the Yellow River to Paotow and backto Peking.Mr. Wulsin has furnished the following notes upon the countrytraversed
:
The first region to be considered in Inner Mongolia was tlie route westwardalong the base of the Lang Shan range. The region traversed was a plainfairly well watered in its eastern part, desert towards the west. At T'a ShuiK'su, the first trading station in Alashan, the drainage basin of the southernGobi is encountered, and with it a different fauna. A sandy desert extendssouth to Wang Yeh Fu, an oasis in the Alashan desert, where birds are numer-ous, attracted by the water and the crops. The next region to be consideredis the Holanshan Mountains and Kansu. The irrigated plain, which liesbetween Ninghsia and Chung Wei, on the west bank of the Yellow River, is oneNo. 2838.?Proceedings U. S. National Museum. Vol. 77, Art. 152600?30 1 ]
2 PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
of the richest areas in the Province of Kansu. At the time of the visit of theexpedition in early June it was alive vpith birds of various kinds.Between Chung Wei and Lanchowfu the country is a semidesert, first ofsand and beyond I Teow Shan of dry earth and loess, almost entirely voidof wild life.Lanchowfu is the natural base of operations for all but the extreme edgeof the Province of Kansu. It lies on the Yellow River in a small fertile plain,which is the first hospitable region to greet the traveler who approaches fromthe north. It is poor, however, in bird and mammal life.The next region visited was the Tibetan border. Zoologically it falls intotwo parts: (1) The high rolling plateau of grassland, which makes up mostof the Kokonor territory, and (2) the transition belt of mountains, woodedguUeys, and little agricultural settlements, which separate the grassland fromChinese loess country farther eastward. Birds and small mammals are abundantin both types of country. Our march through the country was rapid and thecollection obtained, while varied, does not do full justice to the richness ofthe region.The last district we visited, and in many ways the most interesting was therange of mountains which lies south of the Tao River and forms the boundarybetween Kansu and Szechwan. This range, the Minshan, runs east and west.It is very high and rugged and has an abundant rainfall. Tibetan villagesexist in some of the valleys. Small mammals and birds are abundant. Itwould repay intensive collecting over a long period of time.^Though its principal activities were in another field, the expedi-tion brought back an important collection of birds, including 502specimens, from Inner Mongolia and Kansu, the skins having beenprepared bj a native collector. Apparently no new birds are in thecollection, as a number of explorers have more or less thoroughlycovered this country ornithologically, especially the Kussians, begin-ning with Przewalski. The present list, however, adds definitely tothe knowledge of the geographic distribution of forms in a regionnone too well known.While in Peking, packing up and making preparations for furtherexplorations, Wulsin's collector made a small collection of 147 skinsat the Eastern Tombs, about 80 miles northeast of Peking, in theautumn and winter. These it is thought advisable to include in thisreport, as the wildness of this region is being largely destroyedand a record of the bird life, fragmentary as it is may prove usefulin the future.All of the above material has been generously presented to theUnited States National Museum by the National Geographic Society.It forms an important addition to our series and will prove of thegreatest usefulness, particularly since the Museum had little materialfrom Inner Mongolia or Kansu. Wliile, as mentioned, none of theforms secured is apparently new to science, many of them are ex-tremely interesting and were not hitherto represented in our series.
I Also consult : The Road to Wong Ye Fu, by Frederick R. Wulsin. National GeograpliicMagazine, vol. 49, 1926, pp. 197-234.
ART. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA RILEY 3They supplement admirably collections previously received fromSzechwan and Yunnan.1 am indebted to the authorities of the Museum of ComparativeZoology for the loan of a series of PnmeUa fulvescens nadiae Bangsand Peters.All measurements in this paper are in millimeters.Family PHALACROCORACIDAECOaMORANTS
1. PHALACROCORAX CARBO SINENSIS (Shaw and Nodder)Pelecanus sinensis Shaw and Nodder, Nat. Miscel., vol. 13, 1802, p. 52& (China).One adult male, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mon-golia, April 9; 1 immature male and 1 immature female, Choni,Kansu, August 30; 2 immature males, southeast corner of LakeKokonor, Tibet, August 14.In recent years I have been identifying all specimens of thisspecies received by the Museum from China as of this form, but amnot convinced that I am correct in doing so. An adult female fromYunnan and an adult female from Amoy are somewhat smaller thanadult specimens from western Szechwan. There may be a southernand northern race in China, but the series at my command is toosmall to determine the matter. The above specimens from Mongoliaand Tibet agree fairly well with the Szechwan series.The immature male from Choni is a native skin, and there is somedoubt as to the correctness of the locality.Family ARDEIDAEHERONS
2. ARDEA CINEREA RECTIROSTRIS GouldArdea, reotirostris Gotild, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1843, p. 22 (New SouthWales, error ).^One adult male, 1 immature male (barely feathered), and 2 imma-ture females, 60-80 miles south-southwest of Ninghsia, June 8 and 9
;
1 immature female, 40 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, July 14.
3. IXOBRYCHUS SINENSIS SINENSIS (Gmelin)Ardea sinensis Gmelin, Sys. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 642 (China).One male, Peking, Chihli, August 11.
2 Type In the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia from South India. See Stone,Austral. Av. Rec, vol. 1, 1913, p. 142.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM TOL. 77Family ANATIDAEGEESE AND DUCKS4. ANSER ANSER (Linnaeus)Anas anser Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 123 (Sweden).One female, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 8. 5. EULABEIA INDICA (Latham)Anus indica Latham, Ind. Orn., vol. 2, 1790, p. 839 (India).One male, 60 miles west of Sining, Kansu (southeast corner ofLake Kokonor, Tibet), August 14.
6. CYGNOPSIS CYGNOroES (Linnaeus)Anas cygnoid. Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 122 (Asia).One female, 157 miles west-northwest of Patow, Inner Mongolia.April 10.This specimen is smaller and lighter in color above, almost lacksthe rusty white frontal band, the flanks are much lighter, and thebill is shorter and narrower than in two males from Shanghai.Whether these differences are sexual or not it is impossible to saywith the series at hand. The culmen measures 81; width of bill atbase, 25.5 nmi. 7. TADORNA TADORNA (Linnaeus)Anas tadorna Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 122, (Sweden).One female, 170 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 13. 8. CASARCA FERRUGINEA (Pallas)Anas ferruginea Pallas, Vroeg's Cat., Adumb., 1764. p. 5 (Tartary)-One male, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 22 ; 1 female, 10 milesnorthwest, March 27; 1 male, 92 miles northwest, April 2; and 2mates, 107 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April3-4; 1 male and 1 female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu,May 10 and 22.
9. ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS PLATYRHYNCHOS LinnaeusAnas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 125 (Sweden).One male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 13.
10. ANAS POECILORHYNCHA ZONORHYNCHA SwinhoeAnas sondrhyncJia Swinhoe, Ibis, 1866, p. 394 (Ningpo).One male, Ninghsia, June 3 ; two males and two females, 60 milessouth-southwest of Nino;hsia, Kansu, June 7.
ART. 15 BIEDS COLLECTED IN" CENTKAL CHINA RILEY OI refer these specimens to the eastern race with some hesitancy.They are much lighter in color, especially below, but they seemnearer to it than they do to the race occurring in Yunnan and westernSzechwan (A. p. Jiaringtoni) . From the latter they differ in beingalso lighter, especially below, and lack entirely or almost so, the paleredges to the feathers of the mantle. When a larger and better pre-pared series is available, it may be necessary to separate the birdoccurring in the arid desert country from that from the coast.
11, DAFILA ACUTA ACUTA (Linnaeus)Anas acuta Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., eel. 10, 1758, p. 126 (Sweden).One male, 92 miles north of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April 2.12. MERGUS MERGANSER MERGANSER LinnaeusMergus merganser Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 129 (Sweden).One female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 7.Family ACCIPITRIDAEOLD WORLD VULTTTRES, HAWKS, OSPREYS, ETC.13. AEGYPIUS MONACHUS (Linnaeus)Vultur monacJms Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1763, p. 122 (Arabia).Two flat skins killed by Mongols during the winter, 1922-23, inAlashan, 50-200 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu.One of the specimens (304559) has a white secondary covert inthe right wing and a partially white one in the left, making thewings almost symmetrical in this respect.
14. GYPS HIMALAYENSIS HumeGyps Mmalayensis Hume, My Scrap Book, 1869, pp. 12, 15 (Himalayas, fromCabool to Bhootan).One female, 20 miles west of Ninghsia, Kansu, June 2.
15. ACCIPITER NISUS NISOSIMILIS (Tickell)Falco nisosimilis Tickell, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, 1833 or 34, p. 571(Borablmm, India).One female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 4.This seems to be lighter above than specimens from central andsouth China that I have been calling A. n. melanoschistus Hume.
16. GYPAETUS BARBATUS GRANDIS StorrOypaetus grandis Store, Alpenreise vom Jahre 1781 (1784), p. 69 (Switzer-land).Two adult flat native skins from the Kansu-Alashan border.These are, judging from descriptions, fully adult. There are noEuropean specimens in the same stage of plumage in the National
6 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77Museum. The striking thing about them is the heaviness of thefluffy under down to the upper parts; this is not noticeable in amade-up skin. 17. MILVUS LINEATUS (Gray)Haliaetus Uneatus Geay, Hardwicke's 111. Ind. Zool., vol. 1, 1832, p. 1, pi. 18(China).One male, 107 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 14; one female, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Tibet,August 14 ; one male, 30 miles west of Sining, Kansu, August 16.
18. PANDION HALIAETUS HALIAETUS (Linnaeus)Falco haliaetus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 91 (Sweden).One female, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 11.This specimen has a wing 525 mm.Family FALCONIDAEFALCONS AND CARACARAS19. FALCO REGULUS INSIGNIS (Clark)Aesalon regulus insignis Clakk, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 470(Fusan, Corea).One male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 19.A specimen (296193) from the Likiang Plain, Yunnan, April 14,is much darker both above and below and probably belongs to an-other form, but what name it should bear is a question for thefuture. 20, CERCHNEIS TINNUNCULUS DORRIESI SwannCerchneis tinmmculus dorriesi Swann, Syn. List. Accip., 1920, p. 146 (Sidemi,east Siberia).Five males and one female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu,May 3.Both the males and female are considerably lighter than specimensfrom Szechwan and Yunnan {G. t. saturatus) ; the differences insize are not so great, but the northern birds average larger.The two latest reviewers ^ of the kestrels of eastern Asia place thepresent race in the synonymy of Cerchneis tinnuneulus tinnunculus,but the few specimens examined by me point to the birds from thedry arid region of the northeastern section being somewhat lighterthan European specimens. Clark* named a pale form from Fusan,
8 Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. 33, 1926, pp. 231-233 ; and Stuart Baker, Fauna Brit. India,Birds, ed. 2, vol. 5, 192S, pp. 60-67.*Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 470.
AET. 15 BIKDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA RILEY 7Chosen, Gerchneis perpaTlida^ and it may eventually prove to be theproper name to use for the present form, if recognizable. The typehas a lighter gray head and a grayish bloom to the back not seen inthe series of males from Ninghsia, Kansu; it is much lighter below.The form was founded on the single specimen, which may be aber-rant or it may represent a recognizable form with a more easterndistribution than C. t. dorriesi. For the present I prefer to adopta name of certain application.
21. CERCHNEIS TINNUNCULUS SATURATUS (Blyth)Falco saturatus Blyth, Joutn. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 28, 1859, p. 277 (Tenas-serim).One immature male, Choni, Kansu, no date.This belongs to the dark southern form.Family PHASIANIDAEPHEASANTS, ETC.
22. ALECTORIS GRAECA PUBESCENS (Swinhoe)Caccabis chukar var. pubescens Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 400(Chefoo).One female, Paotow, March 18 ; one male and one female, 30 milesnorthwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 29.
23. PERDIX BARBATA BARBATA Verreanx and Des MarsPerdix barbata Vekeeaux and Des Mues, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 62,pi. 9 (Nertschinsk, Dauria).One female, 107 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 4 ; one male, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 3.These two specimens are paler, above and below, than any in asmall series from north China; in fact they are even paler belowthan a male of Perdix h. turcomana from Gulera, Ferghana,U.S.N.M. No. 159722. The chestnut bars above are somewhatheavier, especially in the female, than in North China specimens.
24. PERDIX HODGSONIAE SIFANICA PrzewalskiPerdix sifanica Pezewalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2, 1876 p. 124(Mts. of Kansu) ; Rowley's Orn, Misc., vol. 2, 1877, p. 423 (transl.).Two females, Labrang, August 29-30; two females, 105 milessouth-southwest of Lanchow, Kansu, September 2.A female taken August 30 is a bird of the year, about half grown.The three adult females, compared with a male from Rama LaPass, west Szechwan, have narrower, paler chestnut collars and the
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77dark bars on the mantle narrower than the latter; this differencemay be sexual, however.
25. COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA Temminck and SchlegelCoturniw vulgaris japonica Temminok and Schlegel, Fauna Japon., Aves, 1842,p. 103, pi. 61 (Japan).One male and one female, Eastern Tombs, December 21-23.
26. CROSSOPTILON AURITUM (Pallas)Phasianus auritus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., vol. 2, 1827, p. 86 (Interior ofChina).One male and two females, 120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu,July 27 and August 2.One of the specimens marked as a female is probably a male, as ithas a blunt spur on the tarsus. This being the case, the only differ-ence between the sexes is the somewhat larger size and the presenceof a blunt spur on the tarsus in the males.
27. PUCRASIA XANTHOSPILA XANTHOSPILA GrayPucrasia xanthospila Geay, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, p. 259, pi. 20 (Mt&N. W. of Peking).Two males and two females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 7.
28. PHASIANUS COLCHICUS ALASCHANICUS Alpheraky and BianchiPhasianus aiashanicus Alph:&raky and Bianchi, Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Peters-burg, vol. 12, pt. 4, 1908, pp. 434, 452 (Alashan).Two males, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, April 3 ; one male,210 miles west of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April 17.These specimens have a complete white collar. They resemblespecimens I have been identifying as P. c. kiangsuensis from Shensi,but have the mantle and flanks yellow ocher or lighter, instead ofa fiery cinnamon rufous; the red margins to the scapulars muchnarrower. 29. PHASIANUS COLCHICUS STRAUCHI PrzewalskiPhasianus colcMciis strauchi Pezewalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2,1876, p. 119, pi. 17 (Mts. of Kansu) ; Rowley's Orn. Misc., vol. 2, pt. 10,1877, p. 417 (transl.).Eight males, 2 females, and 2 downy young, from 30 miles east-southeast to 140 miles south of Lanchow, July 16-September 16;1 male, 25 miles northwest of Sining, August 8; 1 female, 10 milessoutheast of Labrang, August 31; 2 males without labels, all fromKansu.
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA ^EILEY 9The United States National Museum has two poor males fromthe type locality (Sungpan) of P. c. suehchanensis Bianchi; theydiffer from the above Kansu series in having the morocco red chestband much less fully developed and are really intermediate betweenthis form and P. c. elegans.The present form resembles P. c. elegans; the principal differenceis that the shining bronzy green of the chest of that form is crossedin P. G. strauchi by a band of shining bronzy morocco red. None ofthe males in the series has a very long tail.The summer males have the mantle a lighter red and the tailsmuch lighter and the bars narrower than in fall birds; in fact thetails in the fall are of an entirely different color, the middle featherssort of a sanford's brown, between the black bars, fading to drabwith a little trace of brown by summer.The downy chicks were taken August 25.
30. SYBMATICUS REEVESH (Gray)Phasianus reevesii Gray, Griffith's Anim. Kingcl., vol. 8, (Aves. 3), 1823, p. 25(China).Three males and four females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, Januaryand May. 31. CHRYSOLOPHUS PICTUS (Linnaeus)Phasianus pictus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 158 (China).One native made male skin purchased in New Taochow, Kansu,supposed to have come from the Szechwan border.Family RALLIDAERAILS, COOTS, ETC.32. FULICA ATRA ATRA LinnaeusFulica atra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 152 (Sweden).One female, 45 miles northwest of; 1 male and 1 female, 15 milessouth-southwest of; and 1 male, 25 miles south-southwest of Ningh-sia. May 10, June 5, and 6; 1 male, 1 female, and 1 young not ableto fly, Lanchow, June 24. These birds are pale and the frontalshield is much swollen. Family GRUIDAECRANES33. ANTHROPOIDES VIRGO (Linnaeus)Ardea virgo Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 141. (In Oriente.)One female, 30 miles west of Ninghsia, Kansu, June 1.2600?30 2.
10 PEOCEEDIIsrGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOU 77Family CHARADRIIDAEPLOVERS
34. VANELLUS VANELLUS (Linnaeus)Tringa vanellus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 148 (Europa, Africa).Two males and one female, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow,Inner Mongolia, April 3-9 ; one female, 10 miles south of Ninghsia,Kansu, October 15.
35. CHARADRIUS DUBIUS CURONICUS GmelinCharadrius cwonicus Gmelin, Sys. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 692 (Guronia).One male, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 5; one male, 65miles north of Lanchow, Kansu, June 17.
36. IBIDORHYNCHA STRUTHERSII VigorsIMdorhyncha struthersii Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830, p. 174 (Him-alayan Mountains).One female, 120 miles south of Lanchow, August 3; one female,25 miles northwest of Sining, August 8 ; and one male, Choni, Kansu,August 12. Family SCOLOPACIDAESANDPIPERS AND SNIPE
37. TOTANUS TOTANUS EURHINUS GberholserTotanus totanus eurhmus Obeirholseb, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900,p. 207 (Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak).Two males and two females, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor,Tibet, August 14, 16. 38. TRINGA OCHROPUS LinnaeusTringa ochropus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 149 (Sweden).Three males and one female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia,Kansu, May 7-9; one male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 13.
39. ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnaeus)Tringa hypoleucos Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 149 (Sweden).Two males, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 6 and 22 ;one female, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Tibet, August 14.
ART. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN" CENTRAL CHINA RILEY 11Family LARIDAEGTTLLS AND TERNS40. LARUS ICHTHYAETUS PallasLarus ichthyaetus Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 2, 1773, p. 713 (CaspianSea).One male and one female, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Au-gust 14.Both of these specimens are immature, molting into the first win-ter plumage. 41. LARUS EIDIBUNDUS SIBIRICUS ButurlinLarus ridihundus sibiricus Butxtrlin, Mess. Orn., vol. 2, 1911, p. 66 (KolymaDelta).One adult male and one not quite fully adult female, 157 mileswest-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April 11.
42. LARUS BRUNNEICEPHALUS JerdonLarus brunneicephalus Jerdon, Madras Journ. Lit. and Sci., vol. 12, 1840,p. 225 (India).One immature female, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Tibet,August 14.
43. STERNA HIRUNDO TIBETANA SaundersSterna tibetana Saunders, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 649 (Tibet).One male, 15 miles south-southwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, June 5;two males and three females, Lanchow, Kansu, June 24-25 ; one male,southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Tibet, August 14.Two males in the United States National Museum from Ladak,taken July 29 and September 11, are considerably darker on theupper surface than any in the above series, and the Kansu specimensmay constitute another recognizable form from the arid interiorcountry, or they may possibly belong to the form named by DoctorSushkin, Sterna hirundo minussensis.^
44. CHLroONIAS LEUCOPAREIA SWINHOEI (Mathews)Hydrochelidon leucopareia swinJioei Mathews, Birds Austral., vol. 2, 1912,p. 320 (Foochow, China).One male, 15 miles south-southwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, June 5.The series at my command is inadequate to properly determine theform of the above specimen. It closely resembles in color two malesin the United States National Museum from Mindanao taken in May,but has a slightly longer wing. The wing measures 230 mm.
? List and distr. birds Russian Altai, 1925, p. 64.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77Family PTEROCLIDAESAND-GROUSE
45. SYRRHAPTES PARADOXUS (Pallas)Tetrao paradooeus Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 2, 1773, p. 712, pi. F(southern Tartary Desert).One male, 107 miles northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April 3.Family COLUMBIDAEPIGEONS AND DOVES
46. COLUMBA RUPESTRIS RUPESTRIS PallasColumba oenas d rupestris Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asia., vol. 1, 1827, p. 560(Dauria).Three males, 225 miles west of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April 19
;
1 male and 1 female, 55 miles, northwest of Ninghsia, Kansii, May 11 female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 8.The above series is slightly lighter above and below than a smallseries from western Szechwan.
47. COLUMBA LIVIA NEGLECTA HumeColumba neglecta Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, 1873, p. 272 (Ladak).One male, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 21.The above specimen can not be distinguished from a; series of thisform from Kashmir.The United States National Museum has a specimen (No. 237656)from the Tai-peishan district, 80 miles west-southwest of Sianfu,Shensi, taken by Arthur de C. Sowerby, April 3, that comes veryclose to neglecta from Kashmir, also. It only differs in being veryslightly paler above and below.In the collection there is a male from Paotow and two femalesfrom 157 to 225 miles west of Paotow that are very dark, especiallyabove, that I am not listing separately. These are evidently domes-tic pigeons gone wild. One has all the primaries on one wing white,except one, while in the other wing three are white. The NationalMuseum also contains a specimen of this dark variety from Japan(No. 132432). Doctor Kock took it in south Kansu.?Now whether the specimen listed as Golnniba Uvia neglecta fromPaotow and the specimen referred to from Shensi belong to thedomestic variety also, or are an extension to the east of the Turkestanform, some one in the future will have to decide. Certainly thereseems to be no previous record so far to the eastward.
8 Bull. Mus. Comp. ZoOl., vol. 68, 1928, p. 320.
ABT. 15 BIEDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA EILEY 13
48. STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO DECAOCTO (Frivaldszky)Cohmiba risoria Linnaeus var. decaocto Feivaldszky, A. M. Tarsasag Bvkony-vei (ungarische Akademieschriften), 1834-1836, 3 kotet (3 Band), osztaly(Teil) 3, 1838, pp. 183, 184, pi. 8 (Turkey).Two males and 1 female, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 18; 1male and 1 female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 4.
49. STREPTOPELIA ORIENTALIS ORIENTALIS LathamColumha oriental-is Latham, Ind. Oin., vol. 2 1790, p. 606 (China).One male, 30 miles west of Ninghsia, June 1 ; one male, 120 milessouth of Lanchow, Kansu, July 26.Family CUCULIDAECTJCKOOS
50. CUCULUS CANORUS TELEPHONUS HeineC'UGUlus telephonus Hmne, Jonrn. f. Oru. 1863. p. 352 (Japan).One adult female, 60 miles south-southwest of Ninghsia, June 8;1 adult female, Lanchow, July 4 ; and 1 immature male, and 1 adultfemale, 120 miles south of Lanchow, May 28 and August 4, all inKansu.The two adults from Ninghsia and Lanchow are rather pale withthe bars below very narrow.Family BUBONIDAEEARED-OWLS
51. ASIO OTUS OTUS (Linnaeus)Strix otus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 92 (Sweden).One female. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 10.This is a very light-colored bird with the buffy markings aboveand below much reduced.
52. BUBO BUBO SETSCHUANUS RelchenowBubo bubo setsclmanus Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 1903, p. 86 (Setschuan).One male, Labrang, Kansu, August 30; one purchased nativeskin about 30 miles west of Sining, Kansu, winter.The male from Labrang agrees (allowing for sex) with a speci-men from Yunnan that the late Dr. Peter Suschkin identified as ofthis form; if anything it is slightly darker. The purchased speci-men is considerably lighter than that from Labrang, and it is verjdoubtful if they belong to the same form ; it is also probable that it
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77may have been brought from further north, but to what form toassign it is difficult to say at this time.
53. STRIX ALUCO MA (Clark)Syrniumma Clakk, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 32, 1907, p. 471 (Fusan, Korea).One female, Eastern Tombs, January 10.If /Stj'^x aluGO ma is really only a synonym of Strix nivicolaBlyth, as suggested by Hartert,^ then my Strix nivipetens is a verydistinct species, but I am now of the opinion that the latter equalsjStnx nimcola. Only an examination of Blji^h's type can settle thematter. Syrnium ma is certainly only a race of Strix aluco whileStrix nimcola belongs to a southern type with a different wingformula and the toes more extensively bare; the coloration muchdarker. Since the above was written, Mr. Outram Bangs has ex-amined the National Museum specimens of Strix nimcola andreached practically the same conclusions (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,vol. 70, 1930, p. 197).
54. ATHENE NOCTUA BACTRIANA HnttonAthene bactriana Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal., vol. 16, 1847, p. 776 (OldCandahar, Afghanistan).One male, 180 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 14; two females, 85 and 65 miles north of Lanchow, Kansu,June 16 and 17.The male from Paotow is slightly lighter even than a specimen ofthis form from Transcaspia. The two Kansu specimens are muchlike the Transcaspian bird above but slightly darker below, as theyare more worn. Two males of A. n. plufnipes from the Provincesof Shansi and Shensi are considerably darker, especially on theupper parts. Family MICROPODIDAESWIFTS55. MICROPUS APUS PEKINENSIS (Swinhoe)Cypselus pekinensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 435 (Peking).One female, Lanchow, Kansu, July 11.This is considerably lighter than Chihli specimens, but plaster hadbeen used in its preparation and this always lightens dark-coloredbirds.
'' Vogel palSark. Fauna, part 7, 1913, p. 1026.
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA ^RILEY 15Family UPUPIDAEHOOPOES56. UPUPA EPOPS SATURATA LonnbergUpupa epops saturata Lonnbebg, Aikiv for Zool., voL 5, no. 9, 1909, p. 29(Kjachta, Mongolia).Two males, 100 miles northwest of Ninghsia, April 25 ; one male15 miles east-southeast of Lanchow, Kansu, July 11.Family PICIDAEWOODPECKERS, ETC.57. PIOUS CANUS ZIMMERMANNI ReichenowPicus canus zimmermanni Reichenow, Orn. Monatsb., 1903, p. 86 (Tsingtao,Shantung)
.
Five males and four females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December21 to January 18.One male (304612) has the long nape feathers tipped with black,showing a tendency toward Pious canus guerini.
58. PICUS CANUS GUERINI (Malherbe)Ghloropicos guermi Malherbe, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1849, p. 539 (China).Five males and 16 females, Kansu (Lanchow, July 3, 4; 15 mileseast-southeast of Lanchow, July 10; 80 miles south of Lanchow,September 16; 90 miles southeast of Lanchow, September 1; 120miles south of Lanchow, July 25-August 14; 10 miles north-east ofSining, August 4; Choni, July 4-August 7).This series is too much abraded and faded to be used for compari-son with fresh specimens. In the summer examples the green haspractically faded from the back and breast. The autumn birds infresh plumage agree fairly well with Shanghai specimens.
59. DRYOBATES MAJOR CABANISI (Malherbe)Picus cabanisi Malherbe, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, p. 172 (China).Two males and eight females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December8-28. 60. DRTOBATES MAJOR STRESEMANNI RenschDryobates major stresemanni Rensch, Abh. u. Ber. Mus. f. Tierk, u. Volkerk.Dresden, vol. 16, No 2, 1924, p. 38 (Tsalila, Szechwan).One male and two females, 90-120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu,July 26, August 6, and September 1.One of the females is still in immature plumage and the otherfemale and the male are molting, apparently from a darker to alighter plimiage below.
16 PROCEEDINGS OE THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77Adult birds from Yunnan, when laid out in series, averagedarker below with more heavily barred outer tail feathers than speci-mens from Chihli or eastern China although a few individual birdsfrom northern or eastern China approach them. The width of thewhite bars on the outer tail feathers shows a tendency to an increasein northern birds, but it is not constant ; in specimens from Yunnanthe heavy black barring on the outer tail feathers is apparently uni-form, judging by the series in the United States National Museum.The Kansu specimens are somewhat intermediate between northernand Yunnan skins, but probably on the whole nearer the latter inthe barring of the outer tail feathers.
61. YUNGIPICUS SCmXILLICEPS SCINTILLICEPS (Swinhoe)Pious sointilUoeps Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 96 (Peking).Two males and six females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 9-January 5.It seems to me that Yungipicus scintilliceps is not a form of senii-coronatus or mitchellii { = 'pygniaeus of authors), but had better bekept distinct; it contains several valid forms.
62. JYNX TORQUILLA JAPONICA BonaparteYuwx. japonica Bonapaete, Consp. Gen. Av., vol. 1, 1850, p. 112 (Japan).One male and four females, Kansu (45 miles northwest ofNinghsia, May 10; 15 miles east-southeast of, July 10; 100 milessouth of, August 27; and 120 miles south of Lanchow, July 26).Family ALAUDIDAELARES63. OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS BRANDTI DresserOtocorys Irandti Dressek, Birds Europe, vol. 4, 1874, pp. 397, 402, (Kirgisen-Steppe).One male, 92 miles northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April 2
;
1 male, 15 miles northwest (Holanshan Mountains), May 12; 1 male,30 miles west, June 1, 1 male, 45 miles northwest, May 5, and 1male, 105 miles north-northwest of Ninghsia, April 24; 1 male, 65miles north, June 17, and 2 immature males and 2 immature females90-100 miles southwest of Lanchow, Kansu, August 28-September 1.The adults in the above series agree fairly well with two specimens^from the Russian Altai, except the wing seems to be shorter.
AMT.15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN" CEiJTEAL CHINA RILEY 17
64. OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS NIGRIFRONS PrzewaUkiOtoGoris nigrifrons Pezewai^ski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2, 1876, p. 103(Kansu, Kokonor, Zaidam, and northern Tibet; type locality restricted byBangs and Peters^ to grasslands about Lake Kokonor),One immature female, 40 mile's west of Sining, Kansu, August 15
;
one adult and two immature males, southeast corner of Lake Koko-nor, Tibet, August 14.The only adult in the above series has a longer culmen than any inthe series identified as 0. a hrandti from further east, and has theback darker and the black band across the forehead somewhatbroader.One of the immatures from Lake Kokonor is still in the spottedplumage.The adult measures : Wing 115 ; culmen, 15 mm.
65. ALAUDA ARVENSIS INTERMEDIA SwinhoeAlauda intermedia Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 89 (Shanghai).One female, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 19.
66. CALANDRELLA MINOR KUKUNOORENSIS (Przewalski)Alaud^ula kukunoorensis Przewalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2, 1876, p.103 (Kukunor and Tsai-dam) ; Rowley's Orn. Miscel., vol. 2, 1877, p. 316(transl.).One female and one unsexed, 92 and 107 miles northwest of Paotow,Inner Mongolia, April 2 and 3; one female, 55 miles northwest ofNinghsia, Kansu, May 1.The above specimens have considerably longer wings and heavierbills than birds from northeast China {O. m. cheleensis). They donot seem to be very different in color. '
67. GALERIDA CRISTATA RETRUSA Bangs and PetersGalerida cristata retrusa Bangs and Petees, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 68,1928, p. 370 (Kanchow plain, foot of the northern Kanchow Nanshan).Two males, Paotow, March 19; 1 female, 10 miles northwest,March 27 ; 3 males, 157 miles west-northwest, April 10 ; and 2 males,120 miles west of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, October 21.These average larger and somewhat lighter than birds fromeastern China {G. c. leautungensis) . If these are correctly identi-fied, they constitute a considerable extension eastwards of the knownrange of the form.68. GALERmA CRISTATA LEAUTUNGENSIS (Swinhoe)Alauda leautungensis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 256 (Talienwan, Prov. Liautung).One male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 12.
^Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 68, 1928, p. 370.2600?30 ^3
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77
69. HELANOCORTPHA MONGOLICA (Pallas)Alauda mongolica Pallas, Reise Prov. Russ. Reiclis, vol, 3, 1776, p. 697 (betweenOnou and Argun).One male, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Tibet, August 14.
70. MELANOCORYPHA MAXIMA GouldMelanocorypha maxima Gould, Birds of Asia, vol. 4, 1867, pi. 72 and text(supposed to be Afghanistan).One male and one female, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor,Tibet, August 14.The male is considerably larger than the female.Family HIRUNDINIDAESWALLOWS71. PTYONOPROGNE RUPESTRIS (Scopoli)Hvrundo rupestris Scopoli, Annus I Hist.-Nat., 1769, p. 167 (Tirol).One female, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Moun-tains), Kansu, May 16.The above specimen and a male and female from Yunnan aredarker above than a series from south Europe and Kashmir; thelatter do not seem to differ in color from the typical race.
72. HIRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURALIS ScopoliHirundo gutturalis Scopoli, Del. Flor. and Faun. Insubr., vol. 2, 1786, p. 96(Nova Guiana).One male and one female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu,May 3 and 22; one immature male, Peking, Chihli, August 3.
73. HIRUNDO DAURICA DAURICA LinnaeusHirundo daurica Linnaeus, Mantissa Plantarum, 1771, p. 528 (Siberia).One female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 26 ; one male andone female, 15 miles east-southeast of Lanchow, Kansu, July 10.Family CORVIDAECROWS AND JAYS74. CORVUS CORAX TIBETANUS HodgsonCorvus Wbetanus Hodgson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 3, 1849, p. 203(Tibet).One male, 100 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, August 30.This is an immature bird molting into adult plumage. It is fullgrown and measures: Wing, 442; tail, 280; culmen, 79; depth ofbill at base, 31.5 mm.
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN" CENTRAL CHINA RILEY 19
75. CORVUS MACRORHTNCHOS HASSI ReichenowCorvus hassi Reichenow, Orn. Monatsber., 1907, p. 51 (Tsingtau).Two males and two females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January11 and 14. 76. CORVUS CORONE ORIENTALIS EversmannCorvus orientalis Eversmann, Add. Pallas Zoogr., fasc. 2, 1841, p. 7(Buchtarma).One male, 100 miles southwest of Lanchow, Kansu, August 31.
77. COLOEUS DAUURICUS DAUURICUS (Pallas)Corvus dauuricus FAix.AS,'Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, Anhang, 1776, p. 694 (nearLake Baikal).One male, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 18.
78. COLOEUS FUSCICOLLIS (Vieillot)Corvus fuscicollis Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., vol. 2, 1823, p. 880 (LakeBaical).Corvus neglectus Schlegel, Bijdr. Dierk. Amsterdam, Afl. 8, Corvus, 1859, p.16 (Japan).One male and one female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 4.
79. PICA PICA SERICEA GouldPica sericea Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 2 (Amoy, Fukien).Three males and four females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December24-31. 80. CYANOPICA CYANA INTERPOSITA HartertCyanopica cyana interposita Harteet, Nov. Zool., vol. 24, 1917, p. 493 (TsinlingMountains).One male and 2 females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 15 and27 ; 1 adult male, 2 adult females, and 2 immature females, 120 milessouth of Lanchow, July 20-August 16; 1 immature male and 1 im-mature female, 90 miles south of Lanchow, September 1 ; 1 immaturefemale, 10 miles northeast of Sining, Kansu, August 4.The adult Kansu birds are smaller with smaller bills than thosefrom Chihli and may not belong to the same form. It may be thereare only two forms, a northern and a southern, but where to draw theline is the difficulty.
81. UROCISSA ERYTHRORHYNCHA BREVIVEXILLA SwinhoeUrooissa brevivexilla Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1873, p. 688 (Westernhills of Peking).One male and two females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 31.
20 PEOCEEDIISrGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77All specimens of this jay examined by me from north China are amuch lighter blue above than those from the Yangtze south. Thisagrees with La Touche's ^ experience, also.
82. GARRULUS GLANDARIUS PEKINGENSIS ReichenowOarrulus tispecularis pehingensis Reichenow, Joura. fur Orn., 1905, p. 425,(Peking).One male, 100 miles southwest of, August 31, and 1 male, 90 milessouthwest of Lanchow, Kansu, September 1.The specimen taken August 31 agrees fairly well' with a male from15 miles south of Sianfu, Shensi of this form. The September birdshows an approach toward G. g. hrandti ; the speculum at the base ofthe inner primaries and outer secondaries is white distally on theeighth and ninth primary and without bars, the bars appearingbasally and normally on the other feathers.
83. PYRRHOCORAX PYRRHOCORAX BRACHYPUS (Swinhoe)Fregilus graculus var. irachypus Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. See. London, 1871, p.383 (Peking).One male and 1 female, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 18; 2males and 2 females, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (HolanshanMountains), Kansu, May 13-15; 1 male, Lake Kokonor, Tibet,August 13.This series averages smaller with smaller bills than birds fromsouthwest Szechwan and northern Yunnan {P. p. himalayanus)
.
84. PSEUDOPODOCES HUMILIS SAXICOLA StresemannPseudopodoces humilis saxicola Stresemann, Ornith. Mouatsb., vol. 36, 1928,p. 82 (Lamasery Mantusse, district of Sining-fu, N. Kansu).One female, southeast corner of Lake Kokonor, Tibet, August 14;1 female, 40 miles west of Sining, August 18; 5 males, 100 milessouthwest of Lanchow, Kansu, August 28 and 29.This is one of the most interesting birds received by the NationalMuseum in recent years, representing a quite distinct monotypicgenus. It differs from Podoces Fischer (type Podoces panderiFischer) in the proportionally shorter tail and outer primary; thescutellation on the acrotarsium obsolescent, instead of well-markedand obvious. From Eupodoces Zarudny and Loudon (type Podoceshiddulphi Hume) Pseudopodoces differs in the proportionallyshorter tail, bill, and outer primary ; the barbs on the feathers of thementum less prominent; the feathers of the crown not metallic orobviously elongated posteriorly; and there are other characters, butenough have been enumerated to show that it is quite distinct. Allthree genera seem to be well-founded and worthy of recognition.
? Handbook Birds Eastern China, pt. 1, 1925, p. 17.
ART. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA ^RILEY 21Pseudopodoces humilis is a small bird with a superficial resemblanceto a lark. It is much smaller than the members of the other twogenera mentioned above.There are no typical P. humilis available for comparison and P. h.saxicola is here recognized on geographic grounds, the series beingpractically topotypic. Family PARIDAETITMICE85. PARUS MAJOR ARTATUS Thayer and BangsParus major artatus Thayee and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Oomp. Zool., vol. 52, 1909,p. 140 (Ichang, Hupeh, China).Two males and one female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December12-20.In one male the black on the inner web of the outer tail featheroccupies about half the web; in the other it is much reduced.Ornithologists owe a debt of gratitude to La Touche ^? for straight-ening out the forms of this species occurring in eastern China.
86. PARUS MAJOR TIBETANUS HartertParus major tibetanus Haeteet, Vogel palaark. Fauna, vol. 1, pt. 3, 1905,p. 346 (Chaksam, Tsongpo Valley, Tibet).Two males and two females, 120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu,August 8-11.These are all young birds, too young for correct determination.The tail is about two-thirds grown; the outer feather with only anarrow black border basally on the inner web.No adult specimens from the type locality (Tatsienlu, Szechwan)of Parus major suhWhetanus Kleinschmidt and Weigold ^^ are avail-able for comparison, but quite a large series from farther east in theProvince, mostly from the vicinity of Suifu, do not appear to differmaterially from birds from the mountains of northwest Yunnanthat Rothschild ^^ has assigned to Wbeta/nus.
87. PENTHESTES SONGARUS AFFINIS (Przewalski)Poecile afflTiis Pbzewalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2, 1876, p. 52 ; Rowley'sOrnith. MiscelL, vol. 2, 1877, p. 188 (Alashan Mountains and Kansu).Three males, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Moun-tains), Kansu, May 13-14.Przewalski (in the translation in Rowley's Ornith. MiscelL, citedabove) says: "Not having preserved any specimens from Muni-ul
10 Handb. Birds Eastern China, pt. 1, 1925, pp. 23-25."Abh. u. Ber. Mus. Dresden, vol. 15, 1922, p. 11.i^Nov. Zool., vol. 30, 1923, p. 263.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM vol. 7Tand the Hoang-ho Valley, we can not state with certainty whetherthe birds we shot there belonged to the present species or not,"Not having any specimens for comparison, I can not do better;the above specimens do not exactly agree with the description. Theyresemble Penthestes cinctits, the top of the head is darker, not black,however, but sepia; the back and flanks not darker but lighter, notso tawny. It is a question, though, what Przewalski called black;he says co^'ee-black, probably meaning dark brown.
88. PERIPARUS ATER PEKINENSIS (David)Parus pekinensis David, Ibis, 1870, p. 155 (Peking, China).One male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 1.
89. AEGITHALOS GLAUCOGULARIS VINACEUS (Verreanx)Mecistura vinacea Verkeaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 6, Bull., 1870, p. 39(mts. of Chinese Tibet).Two females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 13 and 18; onemale immature, 120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, August 3.A few years ago I recorded ^^ a pair of these birds from the LashipaPlain, Yunnan. Recently Lord Rothschild ^^ has questioned thisidentification. The specimens in question are in worn plumage butare considerably larger than Aegithalos glaucogularis glaucogularis^of which the United States National Museum possesses a good series.At the time I made the above identification I did not have specimensoi A. g. vinaceus for comparison, but the two above specimens con-firm my identification of the Yunnan birds. Mecistura vinacea hasusually been placed as a race of Aegithalos caudatus by authors, butLa Touche ^^ has made it a race of glaucogularis, which seems to memore logical. The two races differ principally in size.Family PARADOXORNITHIDAEPARROT-BILLS
90. SUTHORA WEBBIANA FULVICAUDA CampbellSuthora fulvicauda Campbell, Ibis, 1892, p. 237 (Chemulpo, Corea).One female. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 5.
13 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 70, art. 5, 1926, p. 50."Nov. Zool., vol. 33, no. 4, 1927, p. 396.^ Handbook Birds Eastern China, pt. 1, 1925, p. 32.
ART. 15 BIKDS COLLECTED IN" CENTRAL CHINA ^RILEY 23Family SITTIDAENUTHATCHES91. SITTA EUROPAEA AMURENSIS SwinhoeSitta amurensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 350 (Amoorland).Male and female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 28 and Jan-uary 6. 92. SITTA VILLOSA VerreauxSitta villosa Vebbeaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 1, Bull., 1865, p. 78, pi. 5,fig. 1 (north of Peking).Three males, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 16-January 1.Family CERTHIIDAEGEEEFERS93. TICHODROMA MURARIA (Linnaeus)Certhia muraria Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 184 (S. Europe).One male, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 22; 1 male 15 milesnorthwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Mountains), May 16; 1 male,15 miles east-southeast of Lanchow, July 12 ; and 1 female (markedmale), 30 miles west of Sining, Kansu, August 17.
"While the United States National Museum has been accumulatingquite a series of this species from Asia, it still lacks satisfactorymaterial from Europe. A pair of birds from Saxony are muchlighter and have longer bills than any I have been able to examinefrom Asia. Four females from Kashmir are darker and haveshorter bills than a female from Saxony. A fair series from themountains of China show quite a little variation among themselves.While they seem to average a clearer, purer gray above than Kash-mir specimens, yet there are birds in the series that are identicalwith the latter, or almost so, and in any future subdivision shouldbe kept together. Family TIMALIIDAETIMALINE-BIRDS94. PTERORHINUS DAVIDI DAVIDI SwinhoePterorhinus davidi Swinhoe, Ibis, 1869, p. 61 (Peking).Three females, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 10 and 18.
95. PTERORHINUS DAVIDI CONCOLOR (Stresemann)Janthodncla davidi concolor Stkesemann, Joum. fiir Orn., 1923, p. 365 (Sung-pan, N. Szechwan).Three males, 15 and 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia (HolanshanMountains), May 13 and 14; four males, 90 and 120 miles south ofLanchow, Kansu, July 28, August 9, and September 1.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.77The United States National Museum has recently acquired agood series of poor skins from Sungpan, Szechwan, the type localityof the form. They seem to have shorter and straighter bills thanthe Kansu birds, but apparently do not differ in color. Chihli birdsare darker than those from Kansu. Since the above was written,Stresemann has named a race from Lanhukou, Kansu, Janthocincladavidi funebris^^ and Bangs and Peters have described lanthocincladavidi experrecta from the Richthofen range.^'^96. TROCHALOPTERON ELLIOTII PRJEVALSKII MenzbierTrochalopteron prjevalsMi Menzbiee, Ibis, 1887, p. 300 (Kansu Mountains).Three males and 3 females, 120 miles south of Lanchow, July 30-August 16; 1 young male not long from the nest, 10 miles furthersouth, September 13, and 1 female, 20 miles further south, September10; 1 male, 15 miles northwest of Sining, Kansu, August 8.This is a desert mountain form of Trochalopteron eUiotii, muchlighter in color with little or no white edgings to the feathers ofthe throat or black terminal or subterminal bars on the mantle. Acertain number of T. e. elliotii have the central rectrices gray, anilineyellow only on the outer webs at the base, while two specimens ofT. e. prjevalshii in the above series have the central rectrices yellow,,so this supposed character for separating the two races does not hold.In some of the August specimens of prjevalskii, the foreheadsand pileum have bleached out to a pale drab gray, almost white.While this also happens with the more southern form to some ex-tent, it is not near so pronounced, which was to be expected.97. lANTHOCINCLA MAXIMA (Verreaux)Pterorhmus maximus Verkeaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 6, Bull., 1870,.p. 36, pi. 3, fig. 1 (Mts. of Chinese Tibet).One male, 120 miles south of, August 14, and 1 male and 2 females,140 miles south of Lanchow, September 10; 1 male, Choni, Kansu,.August 22.The United States National Museum contains a large series ofthis species from further south, mostly from northern Yunnan.The southern birds appear to be somewhat darker and have a longerwing than those from Kansu. The three Kansu males have a wing136-143 ; four males from Yunnan, 143-150 mm.Family TURDIDAETHRUSHES98. TURDUS NAUMANNI TemminckTurdus naumanni Temminck, Man. d'Orn., vol. 1, 1820, p. 170 ("Les partiesorientales ; se niontre en Sil6sie et en Autriche; plus commun en Hongrie").Six males and four females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December9-25.
1" Orn. Monatsbr., 1927, p. 134. " Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 68, 1928, p. 339.
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA ^RILEY 25
99. TURDUS EUNOMUS TemminckTurdus eunomus Temminck, PL Col., liv. 87, 1831, pi. 514 (Japan).Two males, 45 miles north-west of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 22and 26.Both specimens have little rusty in the wings. The specimen takenon the 26th has the tail pattern, the back, and rusty spots on thesides and flanks much like naumanni. It is probably a hybrid.
100. TURDUS RUFICOLLIS PallasTurdus ruficoUis Pallas, Rels. Russ. Beichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 694 (Daurla).One female, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 22; 2 males, 2 fe-males, and 1 unsexed, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu,.May 4^7.One male and one female included in the above collected May 4I take to be hybrids between Turdus ruficoUis and ewiomv/S. The onemarked female is like ruflcollis, but the red area of the throat andchest is replaced by fuscous black; chin pinkish buff; feathers ofthroat edged with pinkish buff; the chest feathers edged with palesmoke gray. The one marked male has the chin and throat pinkishbuff with two blackish rictal stripes; the chest feathers mikadobrown with large brownish black centers and fringed with pinkishbuff.Rothschild ^^ reports hybrids between Turdus eunomus and nmt-manni. Where the ranges of these closely related species meet,crossing apparently is not uncommon.
101. TURDUS GOULDII (Verreaux)Merula gouldii Veeeeaux, Nouv. Arch. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 6, Bull., 1870, p. 34(Chinese Tibet).Four adult males, two adult females, and two immatures, 120miles south of Lanchow, Kansu. July 26-August 15.I can not see that this bird is only a form of castaneus. They aretoo distinct in coloration, and if the ranges are given correctly inthe manuals do not meet at any point.
102. TURDUS OBSCURUS GmelinTurdus oiscurus Gmelin, Sys. Nat., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1789, p. 816 (Lake Baikal).One female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 22.103. OREOCINCLA AUREA AUREA (Holandre)Turdus aureus Holandee, Aunuaire de la Moselle, 1825, p. 60 (Metz).Two females, 45 miles northwest Ninghsia, Kansu, May 7 and 21.
18 Nov. Zool.. vol. 30, 1923, pp. 43, 255.
26 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77
104. MONTICOLA SAXATILIS (Linnaeus)Turdus sawatilis Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, 1766, p. 294 (" Helvetiae, Austriae,Borussiae montibus").One male, 30 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 27.There is only one adult male from Europe (Italy) available forcomparison. It is darker above and on the breast than the Kansubird ; there is little, if any, difference in size.
105. CHAIMARRORNIS LEUCOCEPHALA (Vigors)Phoenicura leucocephala Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1831, p. 35 (Hima-laya).A good series from Kansu (from 15 miles east-southeast to 140miles south of Lanchow, July 12-September 3; 30 to 40 miles westof Sining, August 12-17).In the series there are a number of young and immature; threeyoung (taken August 17, 20, and September 3) have short, stumpytails and could not have left the nest very long. Strange to saythey are remarkably like the adult, except the breast is black and theabdomen only tinged with cinnamon-rufous and apparently lack thespotted plumage of other members of the family. The rufous breastis assumed at the first winter plumage.
106. RHYACOKNIS FULIGINOSA FULIGINOSA (Vigors)Phoenicura fuligmosa Vigoes, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 35 (Himalaya).Two males and one female, 120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu,July 21-August 11.These specimens are in worn plumage ; they, along with a specimenfrom Tai-pai-shan District, Shensi, are duskier than a series fromYunnan. Two males from Fukien are much lighter and probablybelong to Rhyacomis fuliginosa tenuirostris?^
107. PHOENICURUS OCHRURUS RUFIVENTRIS (Vieillot)Oenanthe rufiventris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat, vol. 21, 1818, p. 431(Bengal).Four males and a young in the spotted plumage, Kansu (15 and30 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Holanshan Mountains, May 12-17;Lanchow, July 6; and 100 miles southwest of Lanchow, August 30).The male, taken August 30, is a bird of the year and is moltinginto the first winter plumage which is apparently going to beidentical with that of the adult. The spotted young was takenJuly 6.
^^ Ohimarrornis fuliginosa tenuirostris Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn., 1923, p. 364(Siuhang, Kwangtung).
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA RILEY 27
108. PHOENICURUS AUROEEUS AUROREUS (PalJas)Motacilla aurorea Paixas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 695 (Salenka,Lake Baikal )
.
A good series from Kansu (30 to 60 miles northwest of Ninghsia,April 30-May 27; 15 to 140 miles south of Lanchow, July 23-September 20). 109. PHOENICURUS HODGSONI (Moore)Ruticilla hodgsoni Mooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1854, p. 26, pi. 58 (Nepal).Three males, Kansu (16 miles east-southeast, July 12; 40 milessouth, September 19; and 120 miles south of Lanchow, August 6)
110. PHOENICURUS SCHISTICEPS (Gray)
Riiticilld schisticeps Gray, Cat. Mam. Bds. Nepal Coll. Hodgson, 1846, pp. 69,153 (Nepal).One adult and one young male in the spotted plumage, 100 and 140miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, August 22 and 30.Stresemann -? has named Phoenicurus schisticeps heicki fromLanhukou, Kansu. Bangs and Peters ^^ discredit the form. Nospecimens from Nepal are available for comparison, but three malesfrom Mili, southwest Szechwan and one from northern Yunnancompared with a series of seven males from Sungpan, northernSzechwan and the single male Kansu specimen support theirremarks. The wings in four males from southwest Szechwan andnorthern Yunnan, measure: 81.5-85 (83.9) ; while the wings in theseven Sungpan and one Kansu male measure 81.5-86.5 (84.2).
111. PHOENICURUS ALASCHANICA (Przewalski)Ruticilla alasohamca Przewalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2, 1876, p. 40,pi. 9, fig. 2 (Alaschan) ; Rowley's Orn. Miscel., vol. 2, 1877, p. 175, pi. 14,fig. 2.Four males and one female, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia(Holanshan Mountains), Kansu, May 12-15.
112. CYANOSYLVIA SUECICA PALLIDOCULARIS (Sarndny)Gyanecula sueclca jjalUdogularis Saeudny, Mat. z. Kennt. d. Fauna und FloraRuss. Reichs, Zool., vol. 3, 1897, pp. 171, 812 (Orenburg).One male, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 18.This is paler than a male from the Altai that has been referred to0. s, discessa, but I agree with S. Baker ^^ that the latter is not dis-tinct enough to warrant recognition by name.2?0rnith. Monatsb., 1927, p. 134.=aBull. Mus. Comp. ZoOl., vol. 68, p. 352.
=^ Fauna Br. India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2. 1924, p. 85.
28 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77
113. CALLIOPE CALLIOPE CALLIOPE (Pallas)Motacilla calliope Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 697, (Jeniseausque ad Lenam).Two males, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 21 and 26.These belong to the small western form; farther east in Kam-chatka occurs a larger form that winters in the Philippines, Calliopecalliope camtschatkensis (Gmelin).
114. HODGSONIUS PHOENICUEOIDES ICHANGENSIS BakerHodgsonius phoentcuroides ichangensis Baker, Bull. Br. Orn. Club, vol. 43,1922, p. 18 (Ichang, Hupeh).A young male in the spotted plumage with a short stubby tail, notlong from the nest, 90 miles southwest of Lanchow, Kansu, Septem-ber 1. 115. SAXICOLA TORQUATA PRZEWALSKII (Pleske)Pratincola maura var. przewalsMi Pleske, Wiss. Res. Przevv^alsky's Reisen,.Viigel, vol. 1, 1889, p. 46, pi. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3 (Kansu).One female, 140 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, September 11.
116. OENANTHE LEUCOMELA LEUCOMELA (Pallas)Motacilla leucomela Pallas Nov. Comm. Petr., vol. 14, 1771, p. 584, pi. 22 (LowerVolga).One male, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Mountains),Kansu, May 12; one female, 157 miles northwest of Paotow, InnerMongolia, April 3.
117. OENANTHE DESERTI ATROGULARIS (Blyth)Saxicola atrogularls Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1847, p. 131 (Upperprovinces, Seine!e, etc.).One male and two females. Inner Mongolia (70 miles northwest,March 31, and 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, April 7 and 8) ;tAvo males, Kansu (100 and 105 miles northwest of Ninghsia, April24 and 25).The male taken April 25 lacks the white rump and upper-tailcoverts. Upon careful examination the latter seem to be entirelylacking ; as some fresh new white feathers, concealed by the longer oldones, are coming in around the base of the tail, the character of thebreeding plumage will probably be assumed later. The specimendoes not differ from the other two males otherwise, except the tail issomewhat shorter. 118. OENANTHE ISABELLINA (Temminck)Saxicola isabelUna Temminck, Pi. Col., livr. 79, 1829, pi. 472, fig. 1 (Nubia).One young male not long from the nest, 45 miles northwest ofNinghsia, Kansu, May 22.
ART. 15 BIEDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA KILEY 29
119. PRUNELLA FULVESCENS MONGOLICA SnshkinFrunella fulvescens mongolica Sushkin, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38,No. 1, 1925, p. 52 (Kobdo, N. W. Mongolia).One female, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 8.This may not be true mongolica. It is darker above than a femalespecimen from the Tian Shan Mountains, north of Kashgar, takenSeptember 13 {P. f. juldussica).120. PRUNELLA FULVESCENS NANSHANICA SushkinPrunella fulvescens nanslianica Sushkin, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38,No. 1, 1925, p. 51 (Kwei-Te-ting or Gui-dui).Four males, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Moun-tains), Kansu, May 12.This series is paler above and below than the specimen identifiedabove as P. f. tnongolica. It is quite possible that the above speci-mens do not belong to this form at all. They are much lighter, bothabove and below than Prunella fulvescens nadiae Bangs and Peters ^^from Choni, S. W. Kansu. The dark stripes on the back are nar-rower and lighter in color. They are in a more worn and bleachedcondition, but this will not account for some of the differences. TheHolanshan chain seems to be more or less the eastern terminus of theNanshan system. A desert or semidesert intervenes between theranges of nadiae and the present form.Family SYLVIIDAEWARBLERS121. SYLVIA CURRUCA AFFINIS BIythSylvia afflnis Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, 1845, p. 564 (India).One male, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 6.122. RHOPOPHILUS PEKINENSIS (Swinhoe)Drymoeca peJcinensis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1868, p. 62 (Pekin).One male, 120 miles west of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, October 22.This is so very different from Rhopophilus alhoswperciliaris(Hume) that it is difficult to believe they represent forms of a singlespecies, 123. PHAEORHADINA FUSCATA FUSCATA (Blyth)Phyllopneuste fuscata Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, 1842, p. 113(Calcutta).Two males, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 19-20.
2s Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.. vol. 68. 1928, p. 355.
30 PEOCEEDIlSrGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol, 77
124. REGULOIDES PROREGULUS PROREGULUS (Pallas)Motacilla proreguhis Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., vol. 1, 1811 (1827), p. 499(Ingoda River, Dauria).One male, 46 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 20.Family MUSCICAPIDAEFLYCATCHERS
125. SIPHIA PARVA ALBICILLA (Pallas)Muscicapa albicilla Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat., vol. 1, 1827, p. 462 (Dauria).Three males and one female, Kansu (45 miles northwest ofNinghsia, May 22-27; 100 miles south of Lanchow, September 15).Family MOTACILLIDAEWAG-TAILS AND PIPITS
126. MOTACILLA ALBA OCULARIS SwinhoeMotacilla ocularis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 55 (Amoy, China).One male, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 8.
127. MOTACILLA ALBA LEUCOPSIS GouldMotacilla leucopsis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 78 (India),One female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 4 ; two males ancJone female 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Mountains)
,
May 12-13; one female and one male, 120 miles south of Lanchow,July 21 and September 6; one female, 100 miles southwest of Lan-chow, (10 miles southeast of Labrang), August 31; one male, 20miles west of Sining, Kansu, August 18.This seems to be the resident breeding form.
128. MOTACILLA ALBA BAICALENSIS SwinhoeMotacilla iaicalensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 363 (EasternAsia).One male, 70 miles northwest, March 31, and one male and onefemale, 157 miles north-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, April3 and 9.This form is larger, has the jugular black patch larger, and lesswhite on the wing coverts than M. a. leucopsis. The present formhas the back gray in the breeding plumage, while in M. a. leucopsisit is black. In winter the two forms are much alike, however, andrather difficult to separate.
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA TRILBY 31129. MOTACILLA CINEREA CASPICA (S. G. Gmelin)Parus caspicus S. G. Gmelin, Reise durch Russland, vol. 3, 1774, p. 104, pi. 20,fig. 2 (Engeli, Caspian Sea).Two males and one female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May7-26. 130. BUDYTES THUNBERGI, subspecies?Motacilla thunbergi Billberg, Syn. Fauna Scand., vol. 1, pt. 2, Aves, 1828, p.50 (Lapland).One male, Lanchow, Kansu, June 24.The above specimen is brighter yellow below, less greenish above,and lacks the dusky streaks on the jugulum of B. t. pleceus. Itprobably belongs to the form left unnamed by Doctor Sushkin,^*but I do not care to name it from a single specimen and the materialat hand at present.It seems to me Budytes thunbergi is specifically distinct fromBudytes flavus^ and that Budytes flavus plexus Thayer and Bangsand Budytes -fiavus alascensis Ridgway are really forms of thun-bergi; such an arrangement would certainly show their relationshipbetter. 131. BUDYTES CITREOLA CITREOLA (Pallas)Motacilla citreola Pallas, Keise Prov. Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 608 (East-ern Siberia).Four males and one female, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia,Kansu, May 7-27.
132. ANTHUS SPINOLETTA BLAKISTONI SwinhoeAnthus UaJcistoni Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 90 (YangtzeRiver, 150 miles inland).One male, 100 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, September 15.
133. ANTHUS ROSEATUS BlythAnthus roseatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, 1847, p. 437 (Nepal).Two males, 60 and 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, April30 and May 15.The specimen taken April 30 is very deeply colored. The fore-neck and chest vinaceous-buff ; the outer margins of the primariesand upper parts with a warbler green wash. These tints seemto fade rather rapidly.
134. ANTHUS HODGSONI BEREZOWSKII ZarudnyAnthus maculatus berezotvskii Zarudny, Orn. Monatsb., vol. 18, 1909, p. 41 (S. W.Kansu).Two females, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, May 8-22.These two skins are very light colored with the back sparsely
^ Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol, 38, no. 1, 1925, p. 37.
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 77
streaked. Birds from the high mountains of Yunnan are moreheavily streaked on the upper parts; this form has been namedAnthus maculatus yunnanensis by Uchida and Kuroda.^^ Dr. C. W.Richmond^*' renamed Anthus maculatus Hodgson, nomen nudum,Pipastes maculatus Jerdon, not Motadlla rnaculata Gmelin, Anthushodgsoni. This would make the type locality of the latter Nepaland probably Uchida and Kuroda's form is a synonym of it. Theonly safe course for the present is to use a name of undoubtedapplicability. 135. ANTHUS RICHARDI RICHARDI VieillotAnthus richardi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 26, 1818, p. 491 (France).Four males and one unsexed, 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia,May 7-19; one male, 30 miles east-southeast of Lanchow, July 16;one female, 100 miles southwest of Lanchow, Kansu, August 31.The August specimen is a bird of the j'^ear with some immatureplumage on the back. I have no specimens of A. r. striolatus forcomparison and most of my richardi are birds taken on migration.In size they seem to agree with specimens from east China.Family BOMBYCILLIDAEWAXWINGS136. BOMBTCILLA GARRULA CENTRALASIAE PoljakowBombycilla garrulus centralasiae Poljakow, Messr. Orn., vol. 6, 1915, p. 137(Zaissan Dist., Altai).A large series, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, November 16-January 3.The above series when compared with a small number of Europeanspecimens is much lighter and grayer, both above and below, butespecially above. Family LANIIDAESHEIEES137. LANroS SPHENOCERCUS SPHENOCERCUS CabanisLanius sphenocercus Cabanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1873, p. 76 (Canton).One female, 25 miles south-southwest of Ninghsia, June 6; onemale, 15 miles south of Mnghsia, Kansu, October 14.
138. LANIUS TEPHRONOTUS VigorsLanius tephronotus Vigors, Proc. Zool. See. London, 1831, p. 43 (Himalaya).One male, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 16; 5 males, 15miles east-southeast of Lanchow, July 10-11; 3 males, 1 female,
=?Annot. Zool. Jap., vol. 9. 1916, 134.
'^ Research in China, Carnegie Inst., vol. 1. pt. 2, 1907, p. 493.
ART. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA ^RILEY 3Sand 2 immature males, 120 miles south of Lanchow, July 22-August15; 1 immature female, 10 miles northeast of Sining, Kansu,August 4.These have been compared with a large series from northernYunnan. They are lighter above, the black mask on the foreheadis not so broad, the rusty of the rump is not so extensive, and thereare other slight differences. They appear also to be somewhatsmaller.This is considerably north of the range given by Hartert.^^
139. LANIUS CRISTATUS ISABELLINUS Hemprich and EhrenbergLanius isabelUnus Hemprich and Ehuenbeeg, Symb. Phys., 1828 (1833), fol, e.(Gumfuda, Arabia).Two males and 2 immature females, 30-45 miles west of Ninghsia
;
1 immature female, 120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, July 22.The immature from Lanchow is too young for correct determina-tion; it is rather dark and may not belong here at all.Family STURNIDAESTARLINGS140. SPODIOPSAR CINERACEUS (Temminck)Sturnus cineraceus Temminck, PI. Col., liv. 94, 1835, pi. 556 (Japan).Five males and 4 females, Lanchow, Kansu, June 24-Septem-ber 21. 141. AGROPSAR STURNINUS (Pallas)Gracula stmimna' Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 695 (southDauria).Four males and one female, Lanchow, Kansu, June 26 and July 7-Family FRINGILLIDAESPARROWS142. GHLORIS SINICA SINICA (Linnaeus)Fringilla sinica Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 12, vol. 1, 1766, p. 321 (China).Ten males from Kansu (Lanchow, July 4; 15 and 30 miles east-southeast of Lanchow, July 10 and 14; 120 miles (July 26-August10) and 180 miles south of Lanchow, September 1).While the above series is very satisfactory, there is no comparablematerial available from south China taken at the same season. Aseries taken mostly in fall and winter with a few summer birds
wVogel palaark. Fauna, vol. 1, pt. 4, 1907, 451.
34 PEOCEEDINGS OP THE ISTATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77from southern Szechwan average a little smaller; the differencesare slight and grade into one another. The few summer specimensthat I have seen from the south appear to be more richly coloredthan the Kansu birds.The measurements given by Jacobi ^^ for his Ghloris sinicatschiliensis are no greater than those of this Kansu series and onlyaverage slightly greater than the series from south China. OfGhloris sinica ussuriensis Hartert, I have examined only two adultmales and one female; they are slightly larger than Kansu birds,but the difference is not great.
143. MYCEROBAS CARNIPES (Hodgson)Cocothraustes camipes Hodgson, Asiatic Researches, vol. 19, 1836, p. 151(Nepal).One male and one female, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holan-?han Mountains), Kansu, May 16.Four males from southwest Szechwan and northern Yunnan are adeeper black when compared with the above male ; the Kansu femaleis a lighter gray than females from Yunnan and southwest Szechwan.Perhaps the northern bird represents another form, but for the pres-ent I do not care to separate it.
144. FRINGILLA MONTIERINGILLA LinnaeusFringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, Sys, Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 179 (Europa, *. e.Sweden).Two females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 8 and January 4.
145. SPINUS SPINUS (Linnaeus)Fringilla spinus Linnaeus, Sys. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 181 (Sweden).One female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 10.The above specimen has a deformed bill ; the lower mandible muchlonger than the upper.
146. ACANTHIS FLAVIROSTRIS MINIAKENSIS JacobiAcanthis flavirostris miniakensis Jacobi, Abh. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, vol. 16,No. 1, 1923, p. 25 (Tsehuwo, Bameh ; Dawo).One marked male but probably a female, 105 miles south-southwestof Lanchow, Kansu, September 2.This specimen has been assigned to this form on geographic ground.It is immature ; an adult female in worn plumage from Ngan YangBa (near Tatsienlu), July 19, is much darker above and below andmore heavily streaked.28Abh. u. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vol. 16, No. 1, 1923, p. 25.
ART. 15 BIKDS COLLECTED IN" CENTEAL CHINA RILEY 35
147. PYRGILAUDA EUFICOLLIS (Blanford)Montifringilla ruficolUs Blanfoed, Proc. Asiat, Soc. Bengal, 1871, p. 227 (Kan-gra Lama Pass, north Sikkim).One male, 40 miles west of Sining, Kansu, August 15.This bird has quite a remarkable bill. The base of the upper man-dible is swollen around the nostrils, which are exposed and open up-ward; between the nostrils the culmen is raised for a short distancebasally into a sort of knob or short ridge.
148. RHODOSPIZA OBSOLETA (Lichtenstein)Fringilla oisoleta Lichtenstein, in Eversmann's Reise, Anhang, 1823, p. 132(Bnchara).Two females, TO miles northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,March 31.A small series (four males and one female) from east Turkestan,taken in August and November, are browner above and lighter belowthan the above specimens. This difference is probably seasonal, asthe August bird still retains some of the browner summer plumagebelow. 149. ERYTHROSPIZA MONGOLICA (Swinhoe)Carpodacus monffoUcus Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1870, p. 447 (Nankow Pass).Two males, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 18; 1 male aiid 2females, 70 miles northwest of Ninghsia April 29, and 1 immaturefemale Lanchow, Kansu, July 9.A small series in the United States National Museum from Kash-mir (1 male and 1 female) and east Turkestan (Tian Shan Moun-tains, north of Kashgar, 2 males and 3 females), taken in Novemberand September, are less suffused with pinkish below and on the wingsand seem to lack the whitish mark on the outer web of the innersecondaries that is such a prominent feature in the above series.Whether these differences are seasonal or not I am not preparedto say. 150. PASSER MONTANUS OBSCURATUS JacobiPasser montanus obscuratus Jacoei, Abli. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, vol. 16, No.1, 1923, p. 32 (Prov. Hupeli and Szetschwan).Four males and two females, Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 20;two females, 30 miles northwest of Paotow, March 29.This series does not seem to differ from Hupeh and Szechwanbirds. One of the females taken, March 29, is a partial albino.151. PASSER AMMODENDRI STOLICZKAE HumePasser stoUczJcae Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, 1874, p. 516, (Yarkand,Kaschgar).One male, 60 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu, April 30.
36 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 77
152. CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS ROSEATUS (Hodgson)Pyrrlmlinota roseata Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 36 (Nepal).One male and 1 female, 15 miles south of Ninghsia (HolanshanMountains), May 16 and 18; 5 males and 1 female, 120 miles southof Lanchow, Kansu, July 20-August 10.
153. CARPODACUS ROSEUS (Pallas)Fringilla rosea Pallas, Reise Prov. d. Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 69 (Udamet Selengam).Seven males (adults and immature). Eastern Tombs, December11-January 8. 154. CARPODACUS THURA DUBIUS PrzewalskiCarpodacus dubius Pezewalski, Mongol i Strana Tangut, vol. 2, 1876, p. 92,pi. 13 (Alashan Mountains and Kansu) ; Rowley's Orn. Miscell., vol. 2,1877, p. 301, pi. 53.One male, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Mountains),Msij 15; two males, 140 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu, August 24and September 11.The two latter specimens have the colors of the lower parts inten-sified; the September specimen being Corinthian red, even deeperon sides of neck. This deepening of color is probably due to wear.
155. CARPODACUS ARGYROPHRYS BerliozCarpodacus argyrophrys Beklioz, Bull. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, vol. 1, No. 2, February,1929, p. 131 (new name for Carpodacus davidianus authors not Milne-Edwards).Five males, 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holanshan Moun-tains), May 12-18; one male, 55 miles northwest of Ninghsia, Kansu,May 1.This series of six males measures: Wing, 76, 78.5, 79, 79, 80, 80;culmen, 11-11.5. Carpodaoios pulcherrimus and O. argyrophrys areextremely hard to differentiate and have been confused by mostauthors. Rothschild ^^ called attention to certain differences andrecognized them as forms of the same species. Bangs and Peters,^"the latest authors to deal with these birds, recognize the two as dis-tinct species, because they find them occuring together in parts oftheir range. They give characters separating the two birds, in whichsize is mentioned first. Now taking the series of males in the UnitedStates National Museum of pulcherrimus and argyrophrys and sepa-rating them on this character, using the Kansu series above as acriterion, we get the following result: 3, Sungpan, Szechwan, July22-24, wing, 81-84; 2, near Tatsienlu, Szechwan, July 14-18, wings
28 Nov. Zool., vol. 33, 1926, p. 330.*>Bull. Comp. Zool., vol. 68, 1928, p. 374.
ART. 15 BIEDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA ^MLEY 37
of both, 84; 1, Likiang Mountains, Yunnan, April 17, wing, 86.All the above are assigned to Carpodacus argyrophrys. To Carpo-dacus pulcherHmus are assigned the following: 5 Sungpan, Szech-wan, July 13-August 2, wing, 70.5-77 ; 3, near Tatsienlu, Szechwan,July 13-August 3, wing, 74-75; 1 male, Cheto, SzechAvan, July 25,wing, 72.5. Besides the greater size of G. argyrophrys, the seriesseparated above on size as of this species differs from those assignedto 0. pulGherrmvuLS in being more silvery pink, not so reddish below,especially on the throat and superciliary and the upper parts some-what lighter. All the specimens assigned to (7. puloherrivvus abovehave the wing not over 75, except one that goes to 77. This one isassigned here on color. The specimens assigned to G. argyrophryshave a wing length of 76 (one) to 86; the bills also seem to belonger and heavier. If it were not for the fact that these two birdsoccur together over parts of their range in the breeding season, theywould certainly only be regarded as closely related forms of a singlespecies. 156. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA ALBIVENTRIS SwinhoeLoxla albiventris Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 437 (Peking).One male and one female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 27-28.
157. PYRRHULA ERYTHACA TAIPAISHANENSIS RothschildPyrrhula erytJiaca taipaishanensis Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 63(Mt. Tai-pai-slian, Tsin-ling Mts.).One male and one female, 120 miles south of Lanchow, Kansu,July 26, and August 13.I have j)reviously commented on the difference between the presentrace and Pyrrhula erithaca wilderi.^^While the female of the present form is considerably lighter thanthe same sex of Pyrrhula erith^ca altera from Yunnan, the male isremarkably similar, only differing in size, being slightly smaller.
158. EMBERIZA SCHOENICLUS PALLIDIOR HartertEmheriza schoeniclus pallklior Hartekt, Vogel palaark. Fauna, vol. 1, pt. 2,1904, p. 197 (Alderli, Turkestan).One male, 10 miles northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia, March 27.This is in a lightly streaked, light colored, winter plumage. I amnot sure it belongs to this form as there are no specimens at handin the same stage of plumage for comparison. In the pattern ofthe tail it agrees with the species and I am placing it here ongeographic grounds.
21 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 70, art. 5, 1926, p. 58.
38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 7T
159. EMBERIZA PALLASI PALLASI (Cabanis)Cynchramus pallasi Cabanis, Mus. Hein., vol. 1, 1851, p. 130 (based on Emher-iza sclwewiclus B. Pallas, Zoogr. ; Transliaikalia, Selenga River).Four males, 157 miles west-northwest of Paotow, Inner Mongolia,April 10 and 11; one male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 4.Doctor Sushkin ^^ has recently divided this species into three races,but the material at my command will not permit me to go into thematter. Three of the Paotow males have broad white nuchal bands
;
much more so than a breeding male from the Kolj^^ma in wornplumage; the white mark on the second outer tail feather in thelatter is much smaller also, and it is very doubtful if they belong tothe same form. 160. EMBERIZA RUSTICA PallasEniberiza rustica Paxlas, Reise Russ. Reichs, vol. 3, 1776, p. 698 ("In sallcetisDauuriae ").One male and two females. Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 12-January 1. 161. EMBERIZA ELEGANS TICEHURSTI SushkinEmJjerisa elegatis ticeliursti Sushkin, Bull. Brit. Om. Club, vol. 47, 1926, p. 35(new name for Em'berizcv elegans sibirica Sushkin not Emheriza sibiricaGmelin ; Sidemi).One male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 17.
162, EMBERIZA GODLEWSKII BANGSI SushkinEmberiza ^odlewskii bangsi Sushkin, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol, 38,No, 1, 1925, p. 27 (Pashui, Shansi, China).Six males from Kansu: 15 miles northwest of Ninghsia (Holan-shan Mountains) , May 12-17 ; 45 miles northwest of Ninghsia, May 5 \30 miles east-southeast of Lanchow, July 16,This is a larger and lighter-colored form than Emberiza godlewsMiomissa. A male in the United States National Museum (No. 150326)from Tangitar, east Turkestan, June 12, is even lighter and has thewhite on the two outer tail feathers more extensive than the Kansubird, and evidently represents Emheriza g. decolorata Sushkin, Itis slightly larger, but this might not hold in a series. The Kansuspecimens are probably not typical of the race, but intergradestoward ErribeHza g. nanshanica.163. EMBERIZA GODLEWSKII NANSHANICA SushkinEmberiza godlewsMi nanshanica Sushkin, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, vol 38,No. 1, 1825, p. 24 (Churmyk River, Tibet).Four males and two females, Kansu (120 miles south of Lanchow,July 24r-August 12 ; and 100 miles southwest of Lanchow, August 31)
.
32 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38, No. 1, 1925, pp. 20-22.
AET. 15 BIRDS COLLECTED IN CENTRAL CHINA RILEY 39Two of the males (304993, 304990) are as large as the same sexin the series of Erriberiza g. hangsi from Kansu, but are much darkerin color and are probably only unusually large specimens. Thecharacters of the two forms seem to run into one another and mustintergrade somewhere in the vicinity.
164. EMBERIZA GODLEWSKII OMISSA RothschildEm'beriza cia omissa Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. 28, 1921, p. 60 ( Si Taipaishan,Tsin-ling Mountains).One male, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, January 2.This specimen is smaller and darker than the specimens identifiedas E. g. hangsi. 165. EMBERIZA CIOIDES WEIGOLDI JacobiEm'beriza oioides weigoldi Jacobi, Abh. und Ber. Mus. Dresden, vol. 16, No. 1,1923, p. 36 (Peking, Chihli).Two males and one female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 18,January 4; one female, 30 miles northwest of Paotow, Inner Mon-golia, March 29.The latter specimen is lighter below than the Chihli birds.Although the United States National Museum contains quite aseries of this species from China, it has very few taken in the breed-ing season. What few I have been able to examine from south andnorth China seem to show that the present form is very poorlycharacterized, if worthy of recognition at all. I have been able tocompare three males in breeding plumage from north Chihli withfour males from south China (Kiangsu, Hunan, and Szechwan).Southern birds appear to be a trifle darker and a little smaller; thedifferences are slight, however.
166. EMBERIZA LEUCOCEPHALA S. G. GmelinEm'beriza leucocepJialos S. G. Gmelin, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., vol.15, 1771, p. 480, pi. 23, fig. 3 (Astrachan).One male and one female, Eastern Tombs, Chihli, December 8and 24.
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