https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Catalogue of the collection to illustrate the animal resources and the fisheries of the United States, exhibited at Philadelphia in 1876 by the Smithsonian Institution and the United States Fish Commission, and forming a part of the United States National Museum Washington, Govt. Print. Off, 1879 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/15755 no.14 (1879): https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/53225 Article/Chapter Title: Methods of Preparation Author(s): Goode, G. Brown Page(s): Page 168, Page 169, Page 170, Page 171, Page 172, Page 173, Page 174, Page 175, Page 176, Page 177, Page 178 Holding Institution: Smithsonian Libraries and Archives Sponsored by: Smithsonian Generated 8 May 2024 4:22 PM https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/pdf4/1697759i00053225.pdf This page intentionally left blank. The following text is generated from uncorrected OCR or manual transcriptions. [Begin Page: Page 168] SHG TION ae. METHODS OF PREPARATION. I. PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF FOOD. 1. PRESERVATION DURING LIFE (see under £, 3). 2. PRESERVATION OF FRESH MEATS. Refrigerators. Ice-boxes and refrigerators. ——. Allegretti iceberg-refrigerator. Allegretti Refrigerator Company, —. Allegretti refrigerator show-case. os Banta refrigerator. Banta horizontal refrigerator. [New York. is —. Banta refrigerator show-case. Process patented July 1, 1867. G. A. Banta, New York City. ——. Zero refrigerator. Alexander M. Lesley, New York. Refrigerator-cars. (Accessory.) The ice-trade: Ice cutting and handling apparatus. Methods of manufacturing artificial ice. Ice-houses. ° Other accessories of preservation. Meat-hooks. Skewers, &c. Carving-tools. 3. PRESERVATION BY DRYING. Sun-drying apparatus. Beach dryers. Flake-drying: Newfoundland flakes. Massachusetts flakes. 12495. Codfish-flake (with covers). Model. Coast of Maine. Portland, Me. 168 E. Skillings, [Begin Page: Page 169] ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 169 Smoke-drying apparatus. Herring smoke-houses. 12105. Model of smoke-house used in preparation of herring (Clupea haren- gus). Lubec, Me. U.S. Fish Commission. 12105}. Model of smoke-house used in preparation of salmon (Salmo salar). Lubec, Me. U.S. Fish Commission. Halibut smoke-houses. Sturgeon smoke-houses. Aboriginal drying-houses. Methods of drying haliotis, used by the Indians of California. 4, PRESERVATION BY CANNING AND PICKLING. Salting fish. Knives (see under B, 2). Scaling apparatus. 26039. Kelsey & Hosmer’s fish-dresser. Sandusky, Ohio. Patented Sept. 15, 1873. Kelsey & Hosmer, Sandusky, Ohio. Tables, tubs, &e. Barrels. °25750. Model of D. D. Parmalee’s Waukegan fishery. J. W. Milner. This model shows in miniature all the apparatus employed in cleaning and salting down the lake whitefish. (Accessory.) Salt: Specimens of the salts used in preserving fish. Model of salt-mills used on Cape Cod in former days. Extensively used in the first half of the present century in obtaining salt by evaporation of sea-water. Their remains are found on Cape Cod and Nantucket. 25706. Model of salt-works. Nantucket, Mass. W. H. Chase, 2d. Canning meats. Model of salmon-canning establishment. Model of sardine-factory. (Accessory.) Cotton-oil, and its manufacture. Model of lobster-canning factory. 26583. Model of Johnson & Young’s lobster-house. Warren bridge, near Fitchburg depot. Johnson & Young, Boston, Mass. This model shows the factory with its vats for steaming the lobsters, the wharf, and the derricks used in handling the lobsters. It is accompanied by models of lobster-smack, and of the principal forms of lobster-nets; catalogued elsewhere. Model of oyster-canning factory. [Begin Page: Page 170] 170 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 5. PREPARATION OF BAITS. Bait-mills, knives, choppers, &c. (see, also, under B, 2 and 3). 26011. Voss’ improved bait-mill. (Patented January 17, 1876.) A. Voss, Gloucester, Mass. Bait-tubs, vats, &c. II. MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE, FABRICS, FELTS, AND STUFFINGS. 6. PREPARATION OF WOOL AND HAIR OF MAMMALS. Preparation of wool cloths. Washing. Shearing. Stapling or assorting. Scouring. Combing, carding, and plucking. Spinning and reeling. Weaving. Fulling and teazling. Cropping. Pressing. Weaving worsted cloths. Felting and the hat manufacture. Bowing. Pressing. Stopping. Rolling off. Shaping. Preparation of curled hair for stuffimgs. 7. PREPARATION OF WHALEBONE. Preparation of stuffimgs. 8. PREPARATION OF FEATHERS. Preparation of dowm. for stuffings. Preparation of feather fabrics. Preparation of “brillamtime.”’ [Begin Page: Page 171] ~ ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES, 171 Preparation of, or flockimg for walli-paper, from . refuse quills. Preparation of fibers for manufacture of plush car- pets. 9, PREPARATION OF SILK OF INSECTS. Preparation of silk of silk-worms. Boiling the cocoons. Reeling. Spinning. Dyeing. Weaving. 10. PREPARATION OF SOFT PARTS OF OTHER INVERTEBRATES. Preparation of silk from byssus of Pinna. Preparation of spomge stuffimg. Il. PREPARATION OF aes AND ITS APPEND- 11. CURRYING OF LEATHER. Processes of currying. Dipping. Graining. Seraping. Dressing. Implements employed by curriers. “ Head-knives.” “ Pommels.” ‘‘Stretching-irons.” , “ Round-knives.” “Cleaners.” “Maces.” “Horses” or trestles. ‘¢ Dressers.” ‘‘ Treading-hurdles.” Eskimo and Indiam currying methods and imple- ments. Methods of dressing gut and simew. [Begin Page: Page 172] 172 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 12. LEATHER DRESSING. ‘ Processes of tanning leather. Soaking. Liming. Tanning. Processes of tawing or oil-dressing leather. Soaking. Liming. Oiling. Apparatus of leather-dressimng, recent and aboriginal. 13. FUR-DRESSING. Processes of fur-dressing. Currying. (See under 12.) Scouring. Tanning. Lustering. Plucking and dyeing. 14. FEATHER-DRESSING. Method of preparing ornamental feathers, Scouring. Bleaching. Washing. Azuring. Sulphuring. Scraping. Dyeing. (Art of plumagery.) 15. MANUFACTURE OF QUILL ARTICLES. Manufacture of quills for pens. Sand-bath drying and steaming. Polishing. Dyeing. Shaping. Manufacture of tooth-picks. Manufacture of floats and other articles. Manufacture of quill brush-bristies. 16. HAIR AND WOOL WORK. [Begin Page: Page 173] ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 173 VI. PREPARATION OF HARD TISSUES. 17. IVORY CUTTING AND CARVING. Manufacture of handles, trinkets, billiard-balls, &c. Turning and sawing. Polishing. Bleaching. Manufacture of organ and piano keys. Sawing. Strip-sawing. Polishing. Bleaching, &e. Other processes. 18. PREPARATION OF HORN AND HOOF.} Steaming. Pressing.’ 19. PREPARATION OF WHALEBONE.! Cutting and other processes.! Manufacture of whip-makers’ stock and whips. Manufacture of umbrella-makers’ bome. Manufacture of ribbon-weavers’ bome. Manufacture of hat and bonnet makers’ bome. Manufacture of suspender-makers’ bome. Manufacture of stock-makers’ bome. Manufacture of dress and stay makers’ bone. Manufacture of billiard-table cushions. . Manufacture of surgical instruments. Manufacture of whalebone brushes. Manufacture of rosettes, woven work, and trinkets. 1These processes are illustrated in part by the specimens, showing the horn, whale- bone, and tortoise-shell, in various stages of preparation, exhibited in Section D. [Begin Page: Page 174] - j 174 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. Other whalebome manufactures. as 20. PREPARATION OF TORTOISE-SHELL.' 21. PREPARATION OF FISH-SCALE WORK. 22. PREPARATION OF NACRE. 23. PREPARATION OF CORAL. | 24, PREPARATION OF OTHER HARD TISSUES. Y. OILS AND GELATINES. 25. EXTRACTION OF WHALE-OIL (WITH MODELS OF TRY-WORKS, CLARIFYING-VATS, ETC.). Preparation of bedy-oil. Cutting in and stowing Leaning and mincing. Trying. Bailing. Cooling. Barreling. Refining. Preparation of head-oil. Preparation of spermaceti. Instruments and appliances of rendering whale-oil. Boarding-knives.? Leaning-knives.? Mincing-horse and mincing-knives. Mincing-tub. Mincing-machine. Blubber-fork.* 1These processes are illustrated in part by the specimens, showing the horn, whale- bone, and tortoise-shell, in various stages of preparation, exhibited in Section D. * Arranged with the knives, Arranged with the hooks. [Begin Page: Page 175] ~ ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 175 Instruments and appliances of remdering whalec-oil. ' Try-pots. 25013. Model of whaler’s try-works, Capt. L. W. Howland, New Bedford, Mass. This model is accompanied by miniature models of all the implements used in trying out the blubber, viz: a. Fire-pike. b. Stirring-pole. . Serap-hopper. . Skimmer. . Bailer. . Cooler. . Deck-pot. . Casks. SSS SS 26. EXTRACTION OF OTHER MAMMAL OILS. 27. EXTRACTION OF BIRD AND REPTILE OILS. 28. EXTRACTION OF FISH-OILS (WITH MODELS OF BOILERS, PRESSES, CLARIFYING-VATS, ETC.). 26899. Model of menhaden oil factory. Owned by Jos. Church & Co. Joseph Lawler, Bristol, Me. The factory is the most elaborate of the sixty or more on the coast of New England and the Middle States, and is 160 feet in length by 40 in width. 29. EXTRACTION OF GLUE, GELATINE, AND ISINGLASS. VI. DRUGS, PERFUMES, AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS. 30. MANUFACTURE OF PERFUMES. 31. MANUFACTURE OF IVORY-BLACK. 32. MANUFACTURE OF PRUSSIATES. 33. MANUFACTURE OF MUREXIDES. 34, PREPARATION OF COCHINEAL COLORS. 35. MANUFACTURE OF INKS FROM ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. 36. PREPARATION OF ALBUMEN. 37. MANUFACTURE OF PEPSIN. 38. MANUFACTURE OF PHOSPHORUS. 39. MANUFACTURE OF SAL AMMONIAC. 40. MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA. 41. MANUFACTURE OF ALBUMEN PREPARATIONS. 42, MANUFACTURE OF PROPYLAMINE. 43. MANUFACTURE OF FORMIC ACID. 44, MANUFACTURE OF CARBAZOTATES. [Begin Page: Page 176] 176 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. VII. MANUFACTURE OF FERTILIZERS. 45. PREPARATION OF GUANO. Model of fish-guamo works. Grinders and pulverizers. Mixers. 25822. Model of guano-mixer. Patented April 27, 1867. Poole and Hunt, Baltimore, Md. This mixer is employed in the fish-guano works for the purpose of thoroughly mixing the fish-scrap with the mineral phosphates and sul- phuric acid. Guano in its various stages, with its ingredients, South Carolina phos- phates, Navassa phosphates, scrap (crude and dried), sulphuric acid, kainite, screened and unscreened guano, and sea-weed used in prepara- tion: a full series of these is exhibited in the case of Guanos. VU. LIMES. 46. BURNING OF LIME. i Models of kilms for burmimg shells. IX. PRESERVATION OF THE ANIMAL FOR SCIENTIFIC USES. 47. APPARATUS FOR MAKING AND PRESERVING ALCOHOLIC SPECTI- ; MENS. Tanks and jars. Agassiz collecting-tank. Army collecting-tank. Museum storage-tai.k, Agassiz model. Anatomical jars. Self-sealing jars used in collecting. Vials. Syringes for imjectimg. Inflatable bags. Preservative mixtures. Aleohol. Glycerine. ———e [Begin Page: Page 177] ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 177 cy Preservative mixtures. Carbolie acid. Chloral hydrate. Picrie acid. Osmic acid. Labels. Metallic labels. Parchment labels. Indelible ink, pencils, &e. 48. APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND MAKING SKELETONS. Preparation of the bones. Macerating-vats. Boiling-vats. Cleaning and bleaching preparation. Mounting of the bones. 7 Seraping-tools. Articulating-tools. 49. APPARATUS FOR MAKING CASTS. MODELING. Materials. Clays. Plasters. Glues. Papier-maché and carton-pierre. Gelatine. Paraffine. Collodion. This apparatus and material is in constant use by the assistants in the National Museum and the Fish Commission. It is thought scarcely nec- essary to exhibit it. Frames and modeling tools. Molds: Of plaster. Of gelatine. Of paper. Of paraffine. i Bull. N. M. No. 14——~12 [Begin Page: Page 178] 178 ANIMAL RESOURCES AND FISHERIES OF UNITED STATES. 50. APPARATUS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND MOUNTING SKINS. TAXIDERMY. Tools. Flaying-tools. Scraping-tools. Taxidermists’ tools for stuffing : Forceps. Pliers. Preservatives and imsect-powders. - Arsenic and arsenical soap. Corrosive sublimate. Salt, alum, &e. Persian insect-powder. Tobacco, snuff, used as preservatives. Frames, &c. Wooden frames. Wire frames. Plaster model-bodies. 51. (ACCESSORY.) PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER DELINEATING APPA- RATUS. Photographic apparatus. . Lenses. Cameras and fittings. Camera tripods and stands, with model. Fish Commission stands. ——. Model of Fish Commission camera-stand. U.S. Fish Commission. This stand is employed in taking photographs of large fishes. It enabling the photographer to operate his camera vertically. Plates, and their results: Wet plates. Dry plates. Dark closets. Camera-obscuras. Mechanical delineators. Methods of heliotyping and engraving tilustrations. pennant a ee