PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued 1^ inVhk- \Sj^I ^y ^'
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 92 Washington : 1942 No. 3142THE IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELID WORMS INTHE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
By Olga Haetman
This paper embodies the results of some weeks of study of aportion of the annelid collection of the United States National Mu-seum. I am indebted to the authorities of the Museum and to Dr.Waldo L. Schmitt, curator of the division of marine invertebrates,for making this material and the necessary facilities available to me.I am deeply grateful to the American Association of UniversityWomen for a financial grant that made it possible for me to under-take an examination of the types of many specimens of marine an-nelids of the New World in the United States and abroad.The list of specimens reported on at this time comprises 50 species,alphabetically listed below and followed by the name herein acceptedand the page where my discussion of it appears.Ammotrypane fimbriata VeTTiH A. aulogaster p. 128Arabella iridescens TreadweU A. iridescens p. 124Audouinea oculaia Treadwell Cirriformia filigera p. 127Branchiomma circumspedum Moore Megalomma circumspectum p. 133Cirratulus tenuis Verrill C. grandis p. 126Cirratulus tenuis Webster Cirriformia capillaris p. 128Eteone trilineata Webster and Benedict E. trilineata p. 113Eulalia maculosa Webster Eumida sanguinea p. 112Eumidia vivida Verrill Eulalia viridis p. 112Eupholoe acuminata Treadwe)! Psammolyce flava p. 108jBi/p/ioZoe cirrato Treadwell ._ Leanira hystricis p. 105Harmopsides nutans Chamberlin Lepidasthenia natans p. 102Hemipodus mexicanus Chamberlin Glycera mexicana p. 126440948?42 1 101
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THEI NATIONAL MUSEIUM vol.92Hypsicomus purpureus Tresidweli. H. circumspiciens p. 133Jasminiera ecaudata Moore Chone ecaudata p. 135Laonome punctata TreadweU Sabellastarte indica p. 132Laranda robusta Moore Drilonereis robusta p. 125Leanira robusta Verrill L. robusta p. 104Lumbriconereis acuta Yernll Lumbrinert s acuta p. 114Lumbriconereis bilabiata Tre&dwell Lumbrineris bilabiata p. 120Lumbriconereis erecta Lumbrineris erecta p. 120Lumbriconereis grandis Tre&dweU. Lumbrineris grandis p. 114Lumbriconereis heteropoda Marenzeller Lumbrineris heteropoda p. 121Lumbriconereis maculata Treadwell Lumbrineris maculata p. 119Lumbriconereis minuscula Moore (part) Lumbrineris moorei, new spe- p. 116cies.Lumbriconereis minuta Tresidwe]! Lumbrineris minuscula p. 116Lumbriconereis parva-pedata Treadwell Lumbrineris parva-pedata p. 118Lumbriconereis tenuis Verrill (part) Arabella iricolor p. 124Lumbriconereis zonata Johnson Lumbrineris zonata p. 123Lumbrinereis elongata Txea.d\ie\\. Lumbrineris parva-pedata p. 118Maldane filifera VeTTill Petaloproctus filifer p. 131Nephthys circinata Verrill Nephtys macroura p. 113Notaulax mucronata Moore Potamethus mucronatus p. 134Notocirrus zonata Moore Arabella zonata p. 125Ophelia denticulataYeTT'i)! Ophelia limacina p. 130Ophelina agilis Andrews Armandia agilis p. 129Ophelina maculata 'Wehster Armandia maculata p. 129Phyllodoce arenae Webster Anaitides catenula p. 109Phyllodoce catenula Yerrill Anaitides catenula p. 109Phyllodoce fragilis Webster P. fragilis p. IllPhyllodoce magnaoculata Treadwell P. magnaoculata p. 110Polynoe alba Treadwell Lepidasthenia alba p. 103Polynoe lucida Treadwell Lepidasthenia alba p. 103Potamilla californica Treadwell Hypsicomus sp p. 133Potamilla elongata Treadwell Potamethus elongatus p. 134Praxillura ornata Verrill P. ornata p. 131Rhodine bitorquata Moore R. bitorquata p. 132Sabella picta Verrill . Chone infundibidiformis p. 136Sthenelais grubei Treadwell Leanira grubei p. 106Sthenelais tertiaglabra Moore S. articulata p. 107Family POLYNOIDAEGenus LEPIDASTHENIA MalmgrenLEProASTHENIA NATANS (Chamberlin)Eairmopsides natans Chambeklin, 1919, p. 48 (U.S.N.M. No. 19718; off Peru).There are numerous immature, more or less translucent specimensfrom Peru, Central America, and west toward Easter Island. Thenumber of segments varies from 20 to 44. The largest (type) is intwo pieces, an anterior end of 17 setigers and a posterior one of 27setigers, representing perhaps an entire individual ; if complete, ely-
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?HARTMAN 103trophores occur on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9 * * * 23, 26, 29, 32,34, 37, 40, 43, a total of 19 pairs. All elytra except the last have beenlost; they are tiny, nearly circular, translucent white, with entiremargin.The first segment is provided with long dorsal and ventral cirri;the former extend forward about as far as the long palpi; the ven-trals are somewhat shorter. In addition to a stout, pointed aciculum,two (or 3 or 4) stout, blunt, yellow setae project from the para-podium. The second segment has a slender, tapering, notoacicularlobe but no setae; this is typical of more posterior parapodia. Theneuropodium has a long, triangular, presetal lobe, from which theaciculum extends, and a very much shorter, postsetal lobe. Neuro-podia on segments 4 to 14 have a unique modification consisting ofan expanded, glandular area ventral to the triangular acicular lobe;it extends to the ventral face of the parapodium. This structure islarge, conspicuous on segments 4 to 8 and gradually diminishes insize to the fourteenth segment. Dorsal cirri are long throughout,extending far beyond the parapodial lobes, but are shorter than thelongest setae. Ventral cirri are slender, tapering, and inserted nearthe place where the ventralmost setae emerge.Neurosetae are of two intergrading kinds, including (1) more nu-merous long, slender setae with many relatively coarse, widely spacedteeth on the outer side, tapering distally and ending in a fine, bifidtip, and (2) 7 or 8 shorter, coarser, inferior setae with a shorterserrated region, and ending in a coarser bifid tip. In these respectsit agrees with L. mcwulata Potts (1910, p. 344) originally describedfrom Zanzibar.The monotypic genus, Harmopsides Chamberlin, was originallyseparated from Lepidasthenia because it was thought to have fewerelytra; since, however, the collection consists of only immature in-dividuals, this character has no real significance. Monro (1937, p.262) suggested that this might represent a juvenile stage of L. macu-lata Potts. In the latter, however, no mention has been made ofglandular areas on segments 4 to 14, such as are present in L. natans.In other respects they agree rather well.LEPIDASTHENLA. ALBA (Treadwell)Polynoe alia Treadwell, 1906, p. 1149 (U.S.N.M. No. 5201; Honolulu).Polynoe liicida Treadwell, 1906, p. 1150 (U.S.N.M. No. 5202; off Hawaii).Lepidasthenia alba Hartman, 1938a, p. 114.I have again examined the types of P. alba and P. hicida andmust conclude that they represent the same species. Earlier (1938a,p. 114) I referred them both to Lepidasthenia but separated themon the proportionate lengths of parapodia and the relative lengths
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THEi NATIOCN'AL MUSEUM vol. 92
of their free parts. Both of these characters are perhaps the resultof accidental fixation. Their resemblances to each other are farmore striking. Both have the same well-rounded, nuchal lobe cover-ing the posterior part of the prostomium; the first segment lacksprojecting setae or acicula; in both setal structures and prostomialparts are identical. Both have beadlike rows of small papillations,disposed transversely across the dorsum of the first few segments,most numerous over the dorsal bases of the parapodia. Both havesimilar papillations across the ventrum between the base of theventral cirri and the body wall. A similar condition has been de-scribed for L. longicirrata Berkeley (1923, p. 214). The notopodiumis represented only by a short, papillar lobe. The ventral cirrus isinserted on the proximal half of the neuropodial base. Superiorand inferior neurosetae resemble one another; the serrated region isshort. Nephridial papillae are short and inconspicuous.L. alba is known only from Hawaii.Family SIGALIONIDAEGenus LEANIRA KinbergLEANIRA ROBUSTA VerrillFiGUKB 8, aLeanira rolusta Vekbill, 1881, pi. 14, fig. 10 [fig. only] ; 1885a, p. 426 ; 1885b,pi. 40, fig. 175 [fig. only] (U.S.N.M. No. 10320; ofE Newport, Rhode Island).The prostomium is trapezoidal, about one and one-half times aswide as long. There are four eye spots, weakly visible, deeplyembedded in the anterior half of the lobe. The median antennalbase lacks ctenidia. Its appendage is short, less than the prostomiallength. Paired prostomial antennae are about as large, inserted onthe dorsal base of the first setiger. The first parapodium is directedforward, most of it lying ventral to the prostomium; it is bothshorter and smaller than the second, which is also directed forward.The first setiger has a ventral cirrus less than half as large as thedorsal cirrus and two or three slender, cirriform fringes insertedbetween the dorsal cirrus and the dorsal paired prostomial antennae.The third segment is well developed, not at all fused with the preced-ing segment ; it is plain dorsally, without either cirrus or elytrophore.Throughout, both branches of parapodia have conspicuous fringingpapillae on both anterior and posterior faces.Elytra are smooth, white, with entire margin, without fringe orpapillae, but from the third with a lateral incision (fig. 8, a). Thefirst pair is small, subcircular, leaving exposed the prostomial ap-pendages and the first and second parapodial lobes ; they overlap oneanother only slightly in the median line. From the twenty-seventh
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 105segment elytra occur on all segments. Elytral cirri have ctenidiaon their ventral face, but parapodia lack them.Simple spinose setae are present from at least the twentieth seg-ment to the end, but nowhere conspicuous. In more anterior segmentstheir presence could not be verified because many of the setae havebeen broken oflP. Larger neurosetae are composite, with canaliculate,pointed appendage ; the shaft is smooth and straight. All compositesetae in a parapodium resemble one another except that ventrallythey are much finer.
Figure 8.?Species of Leanira, Anaitides, Eumida, and Psammolyce (enlarged)
a, Leanira robusta (U.S.N.M. No. 10320): Elytrum from seventh segment; incised edgemarks outer lateral margin.b-e, Anaitides catenula: b, Anterior end in dorsal view; c, a far posterior parapodium; d,an anteromedian parapodium from widest region of body (U.S.N.M. No. 10153);e, a posterior parapodium (U.S.N.M. No. 481).
, g, Eumida sanguinea (U.S.N.M. No. 493):/, Outline of median parapodium; g, outlineof posterior parapodium.h, Psammolyce flava (U.S.N.M. No. 20032): A composite neuropodial seta.The ventral surface of the body is smooth ; ventral cirri are simple,cin-iform. L. robusta is unique in having laterally incised elytra.It is known only from off Marthas Vineyard, Mass., in 100-126fathoms. LEANIRA HYSTRICIS EhlersLeanira hystricis Ehlers, 1875, p. 35 ; McIntosh, 1900, p. 434.Bupholoe cirrata Teeadwell, 1934, p. 5 (U.S.N.M. No. 20O33; north of PuertoRico, in 260 fathoms.)In the type of Eupholoe cirrata the prostomium is rounded, widerthan long, without a median sulcus but with a depression where themedian antenna is inserted. Its median antenna has a short base,without ctenidium. Eyes are lacking. The paired antennae are
106 PROCEEDING'S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 92inserted on the first segment, near the inner bases of the setal fas-cicles. Dorsal cirri are probably absent from all except the firstsegment. Parapodia are biramous, the fringing papillae especiallylong and numerous on notopodia throughout; they are present alsoon neuropodia but shorter and fewer. There are two small ctenidiaon parapodia, one posterior to the insertion of the elytra, another atthe posterodorsal face of the notopodium ; they are largest on anteriorsegments and gradually get smaller and are not visible on posteriorsegments.Elytra are smooth, white, oval, with entire margin ; those of a pairmeet one another in the median line or are slightly overlapping.Elytral cirri are simple, cirriform, attached to the elytrophore, firstpresent as a minute lobe on about the twenty -first segment, increas-ing in size more posteriorly. Notosetae are simple, slender; mostare spinous along their free edge, some others are almost, or quite,smooth. Neurosetae are composite, the appendage canaliculate,terminating in a pointed tip.Ewpholoe Mcintosh (1885, p. 157) was originally defined as havingelytra provided with lateral processes (much as in PsamTnolyce) andneurosetae distally falcate with a minute secondary tooth. E. cirratahas smooth elytra with entire margin, and canaliculate, pointedneurosetae, hence cannot be Ewpholoe, It does not seem to be dis-tinguishable from Leanira hystricis Ehlers. The latter was firstdescribed west off England and has since been reported in otherparts of the Gulf Stream. It is a deep-water form.LEANIRA GRUBEI (Treadwel!)Sthenelais grtibei Treadwell, 1902, p. 187 (U.S.N.M. No. 15906; MayaguezHarbor, Puerto Rico, in 12-18 fathoms).The prostomium is trapezoidal, with four eyes, the anterior ventralpair slightly visible in dorsal view, the posterior pair elongate oval, onthe anterior third of the lobe. The median antenna is inserted on astout ceratophore with auricular paired ctenidia at its base ; its cirrusextends distally about as far as the setae of the first segment. Thepaired antennae are inserted on the first setiger; they are clavate inshape, constricted subapically and terminating in an elongate knob;they are about one-third as long as the style of the median antenna.The first setiger has long, slender dorsal cirri and similar, thoughshorter (less than half as long), ventral cirri; its setae are fine, simple,numerous. The second and third segments are more or less fused onthe dorsal side, as typical of Leanira; first elytra arise from the sec-ond segment. The third segment has neither elytra nor dorsal cirrusbut a small branchial rudiment. Simple, spinulose setae are presentfrom the tliird, numbering only three to five in a fascicle.
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 107The first elytra are broadly ellipsoid in outline, imbricated medially
;
the margin is smooth except for a sparse fringe of short papillae. Thesecond and third elytra are deeply excavate at their anterior edge andhave a few short papillae at the outer margin. The fourth has a nearlystraight, anterior margin and the lateral papillae a little longer. Moreposteriorly the elytra increase in size somewhat, are longer than wide,their anterior edge very slightly excavate, their outer lateral edge witha few slender fringes in a single row.Notosetae are simple, delicately transversely serrated. Neuropodiahave three or four superior, simple, spinose setae, more numerous,stouter, composite setae in the circumacicular fascicle, and similar,though slenderer, setae in the linear series. Composite setae havea shaft that is slightly thickened distally, with a few coarse spinesbut no transverse serrations; the appendage is long and slender,tapering to a fine point, without canaliculae. There are no falciger-ous, composite setae, and none with bifid tip, such as characterize thegenus Sthenelais; they differ from typical setae of Leanira only inthat the appendage is not canaliculate.Neuropodia of typical parapodia lack parapodial fringe except fortwo or three at the dorsal edge. Notopodia have a few longerpapillae at the dorsoanterior distal edge. The ventral surface ofthe body is quite smooth; ventral cirri lack accessory fringe. Seg-ments three to eight have a small clavate papilla on the ventralface of the parapodium, a short distance from its origin at the bodywall. This species is referred to Leanira because the compositesetae terminate distally in a point; falcigerous setae are lacking,and segments two and three are more or less fused dorsally.Genus STHENELAIS KinbergSTHENELAIS ARTICULATA KinbergSthenelais articulata Kinbebg, 1855, p. 387 ; 1910, p. 28.Sthenelais tertiaglabra Moobe, 1910, p. 395 (U.S.N.M. No. 17108; southernCalifornia )
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Sthenelais hancocki Habtman, 1939, p. 65.The first parapodium is about as long as the second but somewhatstouter and directed straight forward. Its base is proportionatelylong. In addition to a long dorsal cirrus and a shorter ventralcirrus, it has paired prostomial antennae, inserted near the innerdorsal base of the superiormost setae, about two-thirds as long asthe ventral cirrus, terminating in a small, elongate knob. Segmentsthree to five have a small, clavate, accessory, ventral cirrus, insertedabout midway between the main ventral cirrus and the body wall.The ventral surface is smooth. Parapodial lobes practically lackfringing papillae except in the first few segments, where they are
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE. NATIOaSITAL MUSEUM vol. 92present at the distal ends of both podal lobes but not conspicuous.Simple spinose setae are present from the third setiger, numberingthree to five in a parapodium, but nowhere conspicuous. The ap-pendage of heavier neuropodial setae tapers distally and terminatesin a very fine, though distinctly bifid, tip, canaliculate along itslength. There are one or two coarser setae with simple appendage,the tip bifid, the accessory tooth long, sheathlike. Elytra are translu-cent, with fringe on the outer margin, in a single row. Elytral spinesare triangular, conical.The identity of S. articvZata Kinberg, from Rio de Janeiro, withS. tertiagldbra and S. hancocki (both from southern California) wasnot suspected until the type of the first was reexamined. This wasmade possible through the courtesy of Prof. Sixten Bock, of theSwedish State Museum. The characteristic neuropodial setae andconical elytral spines are unique features of this species.Genus PSAMMOLYCE KinbergPSAMMOLYCE FLAVA EinbereFiGUEE 8, hPsammolyce flava Kinbekg, 1855, p. 388; 1910, p. 31.Eupholoe acuminata Teeadwell, 1934, p. 3 (U.S.N.M. No. 20032; off Puerto Rico).The prostomium has a stout median antenna and four minute eyespots embedded in the anterior frontal portion of the lobe. Thepaired ventral eyes are larger but can be seen only by pushing asidethe median antenna! base. Paired antennae are tiny, inconspicuous,and inserted near the inner bases of the first setiger. The medianantenna is long and slender and extends distally as far as the setaeof the first segment but is surpassed by the long, smooth palpi.Parapodia are biramous, with conspicuous, flangelike ctenidia onthe dorsal face of notopodia. The third segment has a slender, shortcirrophore and a short elytral cirrus immediately ventral to it. Astyle is no more present. Elytral cirri are present from the secondsegment, on the outer base of the elytrophore.Elytra are subovate, without lateral processes, but with fringe onall except the anterior margin ; most of the dorsal surface is encrustedwith fine white sand or shell particles, except where overlain by thepreceding elytrum. Notosetae are slender, in full spreading fascicles,delicately spinous. Neurosetae are much coarser, fewer ; all resembleone another except that the ventralmost are smaller and finer. Theyhave an oblique, articulating surface; the appendage terminates in atapering tip in which the distal end is bifurcated for a distance nearlyhalf the length of the appendage (fig. 8, A). This condition isseemingly natural, not a result of breakage, since it has been observedon all neurosetae that were carefully examined. The shaft is nearly
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?HARTMAN 109
smooth. In far anterior segments the neurosetae have a longerappendage, the shaft is similar or somewhat roughened.The middorsal portions of the body segments, between the dorsalparapodial bases, have three stalked, clavate papillae in a transverserow, to which foreign particles adhere.Another specimen labeled ''Eupholoe acuminata''' comes from lati-tude 18?30'30" N., longitude 66?23'5" W., in only 40 fathoms. Thisis also a Psammolyce but differs from the preceding and is believedto represent perhaps an undescribed form. Its elytra have conspicu-ous inner processes, consisting typically of a larger, subcircular lobeat the inner, anterior edge, and three much smaller, elongate lobesalong the posterior margin of the elytrum. The four prostomialeyes are dark and conspicuous, the ventral pair being at the sides ofthe prostomium, readily seen in lateral and frontal views; the dorsalpair are at the sides of the median antennal base. The medianantennal style is long and slender but surpassed in length by the setaeof the first segment. Paired antennae are inserted on the first setiger,the style about one-third as long as that of the median style.Neurosetae are stout, the shaft transversely serrated, the appendagethick, falcate, the tip entire, blunt, slightly recurved. The samespecies is represented in the National collections by another specimenlabeled "P^. ridiga. No. 15954. Fish Hawk Sta. 6062, MayaguezHarbor, in 25-30 fms."Eupholoe acy/minata must be referred to P. -flava Kinberg with whichit agrees fully. Family PHYLLODOCIDAEGenus ANAITIDES CzerniawskyANAITIDES CATENULA (Verrill)FiGUEE 8, &-ePhyllodoce catenula Verriix, 1873, p. 587 (U.S.N.M. No. 10153; Vineyard Sound,Mass.) ; 1874, p. 39.PhyUodoce arenae Webster, 1879, p. 105 (U.S.N.M. No. 481; New Jersey).There is a single specimen, labeled PhyUodoce catenula, with pro-boscis withdrawn; it is so coiled and twisted that its length is noteasily determinable. The proportions are about as stated by VerriU(75 nun. long, 1.5 mm. wide) ; hence this is a moderately long, slenderspecies. The prostomial lobe is longer than broad, widest near itsmiddle (fig. 8,h) just anterior to the two large, dark eyes; the pos-terior margin is cleft, with a nuchal papilla that is somewhat con-cealed by the overhanging lobes. The first segment is dorsallyreduced, the second and third segments are free from one another.440948?42 2
110 PROCJEEDESrGS OF THE, NATIONiAL MUSEUM vol. 92Tentacular cirri are long, slender, tapering ; the longest readies backto the eighth or ninth segment.Dorsal cirri are broad, foliaceous, somewhat imbricated; ventralcirri are elongate, prolonged in a slender tip (fig. 8, c^d). Thesetal lobe is long and distally incised and does not extend laterallyso far as the ventral cirri. Setae have shafts that terminate in afinely spinose end, without a major tooth ; the appendage tapers andis slender and rather short.This has been compared with the type specimens (2) of Phyllo-doce arenae Webster. They agree closely in all details except one.Prostomial proportions are identical, the setal lobe is prolongedlaterally, ventral cirri are long, pointed, extending distally beyondthe setal lobe (fig. 8, e). Dorsal cirri have the same shape and tex-ture, but in Webster's specimens there is a longitudinal ridge (notnow so pronounced as was originally shown) near the upper marginof the dorsal cirrus, and the glandular striations are less conspicuous.In both, the proboscis was originally described with longitudinalseries of conical papillae, hence belong to Anaitides.A. catenula (believed to include P. arenae) is characterized as fol-lows: (1) The prostomium is incised at its posterior margin, pro-vided with a nuchal papilla, (2) ventral cirri are long, taper toslender points, extend laterally beyond the setal lobe, (3) dorsal cirriare foliaceous, longer than broad, distally subtruncate, and (4) theproboscis has 12 rows of papillae on the basal portion.Genus PHYLLODOCE SavignyPHYLLODOCE MAGNAOCULATA TreadwellFiGUEE 9, c, dPhyllodoce magnaoculata Teeadweix, 1902, p. 191 (U.S.N.M. No. 15951; PuertoRico).In the unique type the eyes are now completely faded; the pro-boscis is not everted. There is no indication of a nuchal papilla;the posterior border of the prostomium is straight, hence not asAugener (1934, p. 127) has described for Anaitides henedeni (Han-sen). The peristomial cirri are thick, clavate, subequal in length,two or three times as long as the prostomium. Dorsal cirri arebroadly roimded, much wider than long, with a dark spot near theouter ectal margin (fig. 9, c, d). Setae number about 18 in a fasciclein posterior fourth of the body. They have a ?lender, sickle-likeappendage; the shaft is distally somewhat thickened but appearsquite smooth. Ventral cirri resemble the dorsal cirri but are smaller(fig. ^,d).This was incorrectly referred to Anaitides henedeni (Hansen)(Augener, 1934, p. 128). The latter was said to have a "herzformige
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?HARTMAN 111hinten ausgerandete Kopf," hence not as in P. magnaoculata; alsothe dorsal and ventral cirri are otherwise.PHYLLODOCE FRAGILIS WebsterP^iyllodoce fragilis Webster, 1879, p. 214 (U.S.N.M. No. 535; Virginia).
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Andrews, 1891, p. 281.The type vial contains about seven specimens. The body is elongateand tapers gradually toward both ends to filamentous proportions;thus, the structures of the head and proboscis are extremely difficult
Figure 9.?Species of Eulalia, Phyllodoce, Glycera, Eteone, and Nephtys(enlarged)
a, b, Eulalia viridis (U.S.N.M. No. 10159): a, Outline of eighth parapodlum; h, outlineof a posterior parapodium.f, d, Phyllodoce magnaoculata (U.S.N.M. No. 15951): c, Dorsal cirrus from a median seg-ment; d, parapodium from posterior fourth of body.
e, Glycera mexicana (U.S.N.M. No. 19372): Aileron from jaw piece./, g, Eteone trilineata (U.S.N.M. No. 441): /, Outline of a posterior parapodium; g, outlineof a median parapodium.h, Nephtys macroura (U.S.N.M. No. 15882): Outline of a median parapodium, the tworami separated from one another.to distinguish. The prostomium is small, suboval, with straight pos-terior margin, without nuchal or median papilla. The two eyesare large and dark. The first segment is dorsally reduced and has apair of clavate cirri; the second segment is a complete ring, withdorsal and ventral cirri resembling those of the first, but a littlelarger. The third segment has clavate cirri dorsally and short, flatventral cirri. The formula of the first three segments follows:(lc=long cuTUs, sc=short cirrus, S=setae): Ic+S^+S? ? From thefourth segment dorsal cirri are broad, thin, foliaceous, about twice: setae) lc+S|?[-S
?
IC sc
112 PROCEEDTXGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM vol. 92
as long as wide, and distally rounded, though asymmetrical. Theyincrease rapidly in width posteriorly and are broadly imbricated.This species was collected many times by the author in oysterclusters at Beaufort, N. C. In life it is bright green ; it is gregarious,with a tendency to mass together in interstices of oyster clumps.In spite of numerous attempts to incite the protrusion of the pro-boscis in life, no success was obtained. Examinations of dissectionsrevealed only a slender, wrinkled tube.Genus EUMIDA MalmgrenEUMIDA SANGUINEA (Orsted)FlGTJBK S, f, aErilalia sanguinea Orsted, 1S43. p. 28. figs. SO, S2.Eidalia maculosa Webstek, 1S79, p. 215 (U. S. N. M. No. 493; Great Egg Harbor,N. J.).In the type of Eulalia maculosa the proboscis is smooth; hencetliis is a Eumid-a. It tenninates distally in 17 soft papillae. Themedian prostomial antenna is inserted a short distance anterior tothe large, dark, paired eyes. The longest tentacular cirri extendposteriorly to about the tenth setiger. Dorsal cirri are thin, folia-ceous, longer than broad, but increase in length posteriorly; theseparts are shown in figin-e 8. /, g, for median and posterior parapodia.This agrees well with the widely known E. sanguinea., alreadyreported from many parts of the north Atlantic and Pacific.Genus EULALIA SavignyEULAUA ^^RIDIS (0. F. Muller)FiGfBE 9, 0, 6Nereis t^iridi^ Mvuuer, 1776. p. 156.Eumidia rirWa Vf.rrttj, 1S73, p. 5S4 (U.S.N.M. No. 10159; Vineyard Souad,Mass. )
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Eulalia inridi^ Favtel, 1923, p. 160.The type collection of Eumidia vivida includes about 12 specimens.The everted proboscis is cylindrical, covered over its entire lengthwith irregularly dispersed papillae or forming seven or eight irregu-lar, longitudinal rows. The first tentacular segment is dorsally en-tire, as typical of the genus Eulalia. The median prostomial antennais inserted a short distance anterior to the eyes. Dorsal and ventralcirri and parapodial lobes have the proportions shown in figure9, a^ h. These are typical representatives of EiiJ<ilia viridls (0. F.Muller).
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS
?
^HARTMAN 113Genus ETEONE SavignyETEONE TRIUNEATA Webster and BenedictFigure 9, /, gEteone triUneata Webster and Benedict, 1887, p. 712 (U.S.N.M. No. 441; East-port, Maine).The prostomium is trapezoidal in outline, with a broad, shallow,median sulcus throughout its length. Dorsal cirri are thick, broadlyrounded, as broad as long in median segments (fig. 9, ^), somewhatlonger than broad in posterior segments (fig. 9, /). Ventral cirriare longer than wide but never extend distally beyond the setigerouslobe ; the superior acicular lobe exceeds in length the inferior acicularone. The two anal cirri are long, thick, about as originally shown.The setal shaft has a long tooth on one side and a shorter on theother. The specific name refers to three longitudinal color bandsdorsally, consisting of a narrow median and a pair of broad, lateralones.E. trilineata inhabits sandy mud or shelly bottoms, in the lowintertidal zones or somewhat below.Family NEPHTYIDAEGenus NEPHTYS CuvierNEPHTYS MACROURA SchmardaFigure 9, hNepJithys macroura Schmarda, 1S61, p. 91.Nephthys circinata Verriix, 1874, p. 38 (U.S.N.M. No. 15882; St. Georges Bank,Maine, in 85 fathoms).The recurved cirri are invohite, present from the third setiger,continued nearly to the posterior end; the last five or six segmentslack them. The postacicular setae are long, silky, flowing, with fewor no denticulations ; preacicular setae are finer, barred. No lyresetae have been observed. A typical parapodium is shown in figure9, h.The resemblance between this and N. 77iac?'<m7'a Schmarda (1861,p. 91) is sufiiciently striking to suggest identity. Both have in-volute cirri, and the lobes on notopodia and neuropodia are the sameexcept that N. circinata has a more pronounced supraacicular neuro-podial lobe. N. macroura was originally described from NewZealand, but since it has been widely reported from southern andeastern South America as N. pra?tiosa Kinberg (1865, p. 239), fromLa Plata as N. virginis Kinberg (1866, p. 239), from southeasternSouth America, and as N. lutrea Baird (1873, p. 95) from Patagonia.A subspecies, peruana Hartman (1940, p. 236), has been described
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol, 82from Peru in 10-40 fathoms, N. circinata is herein referred to N.macroura; it represents the first record of its distribution north of theequator.Other collections deposited in the Museum originate from "Massa-chusetts Bay, Sept. 21, 1878. Sta. 221. 37-38 fms." and "Bay ofFundy, 1872. 6022."Family LUMBRINERIDAEGenus LUMBRINERIS BlainvilleLUMBRINERIS ACUTA (Verrill)FiGUEE 10, a-d
.Lumbriconereis acuta Verkhx, 1875, p. 39; 1882, p. 314 (U.S.N.M. No. 13392;off Block Island, R. L).This is a slender, greatly attenuate form, about 30-40 mm. long.The most conspicuous feature is the greatly elongated, slightly de-pressed, prostomial lobe (fig. 10, a) ; eyes are lacking. The peristomialring is faintly biannulate. Segments are well marked, smooth, uni-annulate; they are about as long as wide, or only half that long.The maxillary apparatus has carriers that are proportionatelyenormous and approximately triangular in outline. Forceps arerobust, with two blunt teeth; maxilla II has three blunt teeth;maxilla III has a single tooth; maxilla IV has one tooth (fig. 10, c).Mandibles are about as long as the maxillary apparatus; the basesare slender, the anterior end flaring.Parapodia are short, inconspicuous in the anterior region, withshort simple lobes; posteriorly the postsetal lobe elongates slightlybut is nowhere markedly developed. Setae are simple only; in an-terior segments the bilimbate setae have wings that are rather broad(fig. 10, h). Hooded hooks are present in median segments, ac-companied with some limbate setae; these have a short, hooded areawith obscure denticulations distally (fig. 10, d)
.
In its peculiarly elongated prostomium Z. acuta greatly resemblesL. mucronata Ehlers (1912, pi. 12, fig. 10) from the mouth of theCongo River. In this, however, the distal ends of the hooded hooksare markedly bidentate; also, the maxillary apparatus is otherwise.L. acuta is known only from New England.LUMBRINERIS GRANDIS (TreadweU)FiGUBE 10, h, k, ILumlriconereis grandis Tbeadweix, 1906, p. 1170 (U.S.N.M. No. 5214; Hawaii).There is a single specimen in three pieces, lacking a posterior end.The prostomial lobe is thick, conical, about as long as wide. Manyof the anterior setae are broken away, but a seventh parapodium
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 115has composite setae with a long, slender appendage (fig. 10, I).Composite setae are continued through at least 26 segments in thelast of which there are at least three limbate setae, two compositehooks, and three simple hooded hooks. The appendage of the com-posite hooks decreases in length posteriorly so that its length comesto be only about three times its width. More posteriorly (after thetwenty-sixth segment) composite setae are gradually more or lesscompletely replaced by simple hooks. Limbate setae may be absentafter the sixtieth segment ; none were observed after that.
Figure 10.?Species of Lumbrineris (enlarged)a-d, Lumbrineris acuta (U.S.N.M. No. 12882): a, Anterior end from left side; b, bilimbateseta from third parapodium; c, maxillary parts; d, hooded hook from a median-posterior parapodium.e-g, Lumbrineris heteropoda (Honshu, Japan): e, Tenth parapodium; / ,a median para-podium; g, a posterior parapodium.h, k, I, Lumbrineris grandis (U.S.N.M. No. 5214): h, Maxillary parts from one side; k,outline of an anterior parapodium; /, composite seta seventh parapodium.t, y, m, Lumbrineris parva-pedata: i, Outline of an anterior parapodium (U.S.N.M. No.16019); y, fifth parapodium in anterior view (U.S.N.M. No. 19622); m, hoodedhook from a median segment (U.S.N.M. No. 16019).In this specimen the third maxillary plate on both right and leftsides is clearly bifid (fig. 10, h) ; the forceps are distinctly falcate.Parapodia are short, thick throughout ; the postsetal lobe exceeds thepresetal one. The latter are simply low, rounded, cushionlike orcompressed; postsetal lobes are more or less acutely pointed, theirlength, however, no greater than their width (fig. 10, Jc).L. grandis has affinities with L. japonica Marenzeller in havingcomposite setae in anterior segments, and maxillary parts are sim-ilar. In L. grandis, however, the parapodial lobes are much reduced
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUIM vol. 92througliout. It differs also from Z. minuscuJa, from Hawaii (seebelow), in having smaller, slenderer proportions, and the anteriorparapodial lobes are here acutely pointed, not rounded.LUMBRINERIS MINUSCULA MooreFiGXJEE 12, e, fLunibriconereis tninuta Treadweuj, 1906, p. 1171 (U.S.N.M. No. 5215; offHawaii).Lumirineris minuscula Moobe, 1911, p. 294.A single fragment of 87 segments measures 20 nmi. long. Thehead and some anterior segments (perhaps only a few), also theproboscideal armature, are missing. The first 16 segments on thispiece are provided with limbate setae and composite hooks (fig.12, e) ; in the next segments there are, in addition to superior andinferior linibiite setae, two composite hooks (fig. 12, /) and onesimple hook. More posteriorly only simple hooks and limbate setaeare present. A posterior end of indeterminable length is missing,but the last segments present have a few (one or two) delicatelimbate setae and several (3 or 4) hooded hooks. The maxillaryapparatus (now missing) was illustrated by a figure that does notbring out the details ; maxilla II was described with five teeth right andfour left; the other maxillary plates are not distinguishable. Thesetae, originally thought to be of only two kinds, are actually ofthree kinds, composite hooks, simple hooks, and limbate setae. Thiserror led Moore (1911, p. 294) to attribute some specimens fromCatalina Island to this species (see below).L. minuscida Moore (1911, p. 294) was proposed to replace L.minuta Treadwell (not Theel). In addition, a description was givenfor specimens from Catalina Island, which differ from the type ofL. TninU'Scula in several important respects and for which the newname L. moorei (see below) is proposed.L. minuscuia has aflSmities with L. japonica Marenzeller ; both havecomposite setae in anterior segments. In L. minuseida limbate setaeare present through at least 80 segments, in L. japonica they areabsent after about 34 segments; in L. minusculu anterior parapodiahave a broadly rounded, auricular postsetal lobe (fig. 12, e). in L.japonica this lobe is compressed, conical.LUMBRINERIS MOOREI, new speciesFiGUBB 12, a, 6, gLumJ)riconerets minuscula Mookh, 1911, p. 294 (in part) (U.S.N.M. No. 17403;off Catalina Island, in 1,350-2,182 fathoms).There are two fragmentary specimens, differing greatly from thetype of L. minuscula (see above) with which these were at first com-
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 117pared. Moore (1911, pp. 29^295) has already given a lucid descrip-tion, which agi-ees well with these individuals. The maxillary car-riers are about as long as broad, with a lateral constriction at aboutthe middle, the free ends are broadly rounded. Forceps are falcate;maxilla II has five left teeth, 4 right; maxilla III has one broad,blunt tooth on each side; maxilla IV has a single point on eachside. The mandibles are now vei-y thin, translucent (the calcareousparts probably dissolved away) ; the anterior end is flaring, theposterior ends slender, the two parts widely separated for more thanone-third the total length.The distribution of setae is as first described; figure 12, a, showsthe greatly elongate limbate area of the pointed setae in anterior seg-ments; hooded hooks are simple, with minutely denticulate distalend (fig. 12, g) ; in postmedian segments they are accompanied byvery long, slender setae in the inferior part of the fascicle (fig. 12, 6).The soft parts of parapodia are now too macerated for identification
;
the lobes were probably short.These specimens were first believed (Moore, 1911) to representperhaps the epitokous phase of Lumhriconereis minuta Treadwell(above), but since they differ also in other characters (hooks, maxil-lary parts) they are now thought to be different. There have beenseveral species of Lumbtineris described from great depths, mostof them characterized by the presence of long setae in a medianregion. This feature may be an adaptation to life at great depthsor to a unique type of substratum. L. punctata Mcintosh (1885, p.252) from off New York, in 1,240 fathoms, blue mud, and L. ehlersivar. tenuisetis Mcintosh (1885, p. 253) from between New York andHalifax in 1,340 fathoms, blue mud, are both said to have long, nar-rowly limbate setae in a region at about the thirtieth segment.L. punctata is different in that maxilla II has only two teeth on theleft side and three (or four?) on the right; in L. ehlersi var.tenuisetis maxilla II has five teeth on each side and maxilla III hastwo teeth. L. abyssoTum Mcintosh (1885, p. 250) from off the west-ern coast of South America, in 2,225 fathoms, blue mud, was describedfi'om very fragmentary materials in which the hooks had been lost;the longest setae, however, are much shorter than in Z. moorei.Two other species of Lwrnhrineris with long setae have beendescribed from shallower depth
?
L. neo-zealandiae Mcintosh (1885,}). 248) off New Zealand, in 700 fathoms, blue mud, and L. kerguelensisMcintosh (1885, p. 246) from off Kerguelen, in 110 fathoms, vol-canic mud. The first was seemingly based on several species de-scribed as "varieties A, B, and D," of which only "variety A" sup-posedly has long setae; "varieties A and B" have dark acicula,
"variety D" has yellow acicula. The second has composite setae in440948?12 3
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 92an anterior region, hence different from the other species. It isdifficult to make close comparison of these species with long setaebecause of the lack of information on several important points.Z. moorei is known only from off Catalina Island, in 1,350-2,182fathoms, in gray mud and fine sand.LUMBRINERIS PARVA-PEDATA (Treadwell)FiGUBE 10, i, i, mLumbriconereis parva-pedata Teeadwell, 1902, p. 198 (U.S.N.M. No. 16019;Ensenada Honda, Culebra).Lumbrinereis elongata Tbbia.dweli., 1931, p. 3 (U.S.N.M. No. 19622; Louisiana).This species resembles a Drilonereis because of its long, slender,cylindrical form, and its proportionately tiny anterior parapodia.The proboscideal apparatus was not originally described. The max-illary carriers are comparatively massive, nearly as long as the for-ceps, broad at their place of attachment to the forceps, laterallyconstricted, and terminate distally in long, slender rips. The forcepstaper to simple, falcate tips. Maxilla II has six teeth on each side,the distalmost tooth being shorter and somewhat recurved over theedge of the maxillary plate so that it is apt to be overlooked unlessthe plate is slightly turned ; maxilla III has two blunt teeth on eachside; maxilla IV has a single point on each side. Mandibles arewhite, calcareous, but now considerably eroded and soft; the twoparts are long, nearly equaling the length of the entire maxillaryapparatus; the base is incised for a short distance; the distal end isbroad but not flaring.No composite setae could be distinguished, but setae in the firstfew segments have been broken off flush with the body wall. In theoriginal description simple hooks are shown in the second para-podium, accompanied by limbate setae. Anterior parapodia resem-ble those more posteriorly except that the latter are stouter. There isa triangular postsetal lobe (fig. 10, ^). Hooded hooks (fig. 10, m)are distally finely denticulate.This type has been compared with that of L. elongata Treadwell(1931, p. 3) from Louisiana, and the two are believed to be identical.Both are long, slender, greatly attenuate, with tiny parapodia in ante-rior segments, with simple hooded hooks present in anterior segments(fig. 10, m) already from the first. The proboscideal apparatus ofL. elongata (now missing) was described as follows: "The forcepshave a prominent carrier and a slender terminal portion. The leftpaired plate has a slender terminal tooth followed by three muchheavier ones, and a basal hump that may be the remnant of a tooth[total 4]. The second paired plate [maxilla III] has two teeth,the terminal plate [maxilla IV] only one. The jaw was badly brokenin removing and only the left side is intact, but so far as could be
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 119determined the plates are symmetrical on the two sides." Thisdiffers, therefore, from L. parva-pedata only in that maxilla II hasa different nmnber of teeth, but as pointed out above the exact out-lines are sometimes diflEicult to discern ; also, the number of denticula-tions is not sharply distinctive. In other respects these two are sosimilar that separation is difficult.
Figure 11.?Species of Petaloproctus, Drilonereis, and Lumbrineris (enlarged)
a, b, Petaloproctus filifer (U.S.N.M. No. 5214): a, Outline of an anterior parapodium; b,posterior end in dorsal view.c, d, Drilonereis robusta (U.S.N.M. No. 15813): c, Mandibles; d, maxillary carriers, unpairedpiece and plates.e^g, Lumbrineris erecta (cotype, No. 2585, Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci.): e. Tenth parapo-dium;/, a median parapodium; g, a posterior parapodium.h, Lumbrineris maculata (U.S.N.M. No. 16018): Prostomial lobe in ventral view, showingspecimen with elongate lobe.Another related species is L. robusta Ehlers (1887, p. 104) fromFlorida, in 75 fathoms, and Habana, in 175 fathoms. It also hasmassive maxillary carriers and small maxillary plates; parapodiallobes are short throughout and have similar outlines. Maxilla IIhas five teeth. According to Ehlers, however, maxilla III has onlyone tooth, and the mandibles are separated at their bases for agreater distance. Most importantly, the body proportions are lessattenuate, such that 182 segments measure 68 mm. long and 5 mm.wide. LUMBRINERIS MACULATA (Treadwell)FiGUEES 11, ft; 14, 6,, eLumbriconereis maculata Tbeadwexl, 1902, p. 198 (U.S.N.M. No. 16018; PuertoRico).
120 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 92The prostomial lobe is bluntly conical in one individual (about aslong as broad), but considerably longer in another (fig. 11, h). Max-illary carriers are longer than wide and terminate basally in slendertips, more than shown (Treadwell, 1921, fig. 384) ; there is a lateralconstriction on the proximal half. Forceps are falcate; maxilla II
-has four teeth on each side; maxilla III has two teeth on a side;maxilla IV has a long, slender, pointed piece on each side.Parapodia from the first setiger have both limbate setae and sim-ple hooded hooks, the postsetal lobe already long, triangular ; a secondparapodium is shown in figure 14, d. Posterior parapodia have slen-der, longer, postsetal lobes and are provided with only hooded hooks(fig. 14,6).The specific name is preoccupied by M. Edwards (in Cuvier'sKegne Animal) and by Quatrefages (1865, p. 365), but since bothof these are believed to be Arabella species (Fauvel, 1923, p. 438), anew name is not applied.L. maculata Treadwell is known only from Puerto Kico and Florida(Treadwell, 1921, p. 103).LUMBRINERIS BILABIATA (Treadwell)Lumbriconereis Ulahiata Tkeadwexl, 1902, p. 199 (U.S.N.M. No. 16015; Maya-guez Harbor, Puerto Kico).The only collection is a small fragment, 12.5 mm. long, with 59setigers, caudally incomplete, all setae too badly damaged to identify.The prostomial lobe is depressed conical, longer than broad, withoutsulcus. Already in anterior segments the postsetal lobe is slender,digitiform, standing at an angle, directed more or less posteriorly,away from its base.In the original description the proboscideal formula was not given.The forceps are falcate; maxilla II has five teeth on each side;maxillae III and IV have one tooth each.LUMBRINERIS ERECTA (Moore)Figure 11, e-gLumbriconereis erecta Moore, 1904, p. 491 ( San Diego, Calif. )
.
The types of this species are not deposited in the National collec-tions; cotypes are contained in the Academy of Natural Sciences ofPhiladelphia (No. 2585). Through the kindness of Prof. J. PercyMoore, I was permitted to see them. There are three large, robustspecimens, agreeing closely with many specimens collected by theauthor in the intertidal zones of southern California. The pro-stomium has a longitudinal groove ventrally, as originally stated,but this is weak in one individual. Figure 11, e-g, shows a tenth,a median and a posterior parapodium. Simple hooded hooks arepresent from the thirty-seventh segment, continued to the end.
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 121Limbate setae are continued to the end, but absent from some para-podia. Perhaps this led Moore (1904, p. 491) to say that "by 50[uncini] are alone present to the number of 4 or 5 which is furtherreduced to two or even one posteriorly * * * the slendersetae do not altogether disappear until about LXXV." Actually, inthese cotypes, as also in many specimens from southern California,some posterior parapodia continue to have limbate setae, to theposterior end.
Figure 12.?Species of Lumbrineris and Armandia (enlarged)
a. b, g, Lumbrineris moorei (U.S.N.M. No. 17403): a, A posteromedian parapodium withlong setae; b, bilimbate seta from an anterior parapodium; g, a hooded hook froma posteromedian parapodium.
c, d, Armandia agilis (U.S.N.M. No. 4898): c, Seventh setiger in anterior view, thebranchia cut off at the dotted line, with long, presetal, dorsal lobe and rounded,postsetal, ventral lobe; d, parapodium from posterior third of body, in posteriorview.e,j, Lumbrineris minuscula (U.S.N.M. No. 5215): e, An anterior parapodium, in anteriorview, setae indicated;/, a composite seta from an anterior parapodium.L. erecta is the commonest lumbrinerid with elongate, parapodiallobes, lacking hooded hooks anteriorly, in the intertidal of southernCalifornia. It occurs rarely as far north as Monterey. It has incor-rectly been confused with L. heteropoda (see below).LUMBRINERIS HETEROPODA (Marenzeller)FiGUBE 10, e~gLumbriconereis heteropoda Makenzelleb, 1879, p. 30 (Miya Bay, Japan).The National collections contain specimens of what are believedto be this species, originating from Honshu Island, Japan. Sincethey differ notably from L. erecta Moore (see above), with whichthe latter has sometimes been identified (Crossland, 1924, p. 4), andalso since Marenzeller's description seems to have been misinterpretedin some respects, the following remarks are added.
122 PROCEEDESTGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vor,. 98As Marenzeller's description was based on a specimen 120 mm.long, with 240 segments, it may have been almost, or quite, completeand mature. The prostomium was described as considerably pointed,large, longer than broad, as long as, or longer than, the first threesegments. Parapodia differed in the various body region, as follows
:
"An den vorderen Rudern ist die Hinterlippe von vome nachriickwarts zusammengedriickt, von oben gesehen schmal, am Endeetwas angeschwollen, die Vorderlippe kurz, fast gar nich vorspring-end [fig. 10, e, based on specimen in U.S.N.M.] Allmiilig wird dieHinterlippe dicker [in antero-posterior axis] aber etwas kiirzer, undindem auch die Vorderlippe sich mehr entwickelt, wird die Differenzin der Lange zwischen beiden verringert; erstere iiberrage jedochdiese stats [fig. 10, /]. Die Ubergiinge bilden sich bis etwa zum 40.Ruder heraus; von hier ab bleibt diese Fonn bis weit nach hinten.Die Hinterlippe [fig. 10, g] zeigt sich von oben als ein relativ langerfingerformiger, nach hinten gerichteter Fortsatz, der etwa die Halfteder Lange, vom Ursprunge des Ruders bis zum Vorderrand der nurwepig vorspringenden Vorderlippe gemessen, ausmacht." This transi-tion of parapodial lobes from anterior to posterior regions promptedthe specific name heteropoda. Furthermore, the first 35 segmentswere said to be provided with only pointed setae, numbering first 13in a parapodium, decreasing to 8 in the thirty-fifth. Hooded hookswere present from the thirty-sixth segment, accompanied with pointedsetae, the latter continued in diminishing numbers to the end (atleast through 200 segments).Crossland (1924, p. 4) united Z. heteropoda with L. erecta Moore(above) seemingly because of a misinterpretation of Marenzeller'sdescription, based on collections from the Red Sea, Zanzibar, andKenya Colony, but none from Japan or California. They are herebelieved to be distinct from each other, and perhaps each differentfrom the Indo-Pacific specimens. Crossland concluded that Maren-zeller did not see posterior segments in his specimen, yet Marenzellerstates that he had a 240-segmented individual, and one that "gegendas Leibesend? sich allmalig verjiingend." Crossland interpretedthis as a regenerated specimen; it might be interpreted as one thatwas nearly complete, tapering posteriorly. Marenzeller stressed themarked difference in parapodial lobes of anterior, median and poste-rior segments, as described above.In both L. erecta and L. heteropoda anterior parapodia lack hoodedhooks, in the first through 40 to 44 segments, in the second throughabout 36 segments; both have pointed setae, though in diminishingnumber posteriorly throughout the body length; both have similarmaxillary parts but the maxillary carriers are proportionately shorterand broader in L. erecta than in L. heteropoda. In L. erecta, middle
IDENTITY OF SOIME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 123body segments have parapodia with prominent postsetal lobes whichcome to have the form of long, fingerlike processes, bending abruptlyupward nearly at right angles, rising above the back.One other species merits consideration in a discussion of this group,L. sarsi Kinberg (1865, p. 569) from Guayaquil, Ecuador. The typehas greatly elongated posterior, postsetal lobes, but here the anterior-most parapodia, from the first, have some simple hooded hooks, ac-companied by limbate setae.LUMBRINERIS ZONATA (Johnson)FiGXJBE 13, Or-CLumhriconereis sonata Johnson, 1901, p. 408 (Puget Sound, Wash.).Lumbrineris heteropoda Mooke, 1908, p. 346 (Kodiak Island, Alaska, in 35-41fathoms) (not Marenzeller, 1879).Lumbrineris sarsi Habtman, 1938, p. 12 (not Kinberg, 1865).
Figure 13.?Species of Lumbrineris and Arabella (enlarged)
a-c, Lumbrineris zonula (Kodiak Island, Alaska): a, Hooded hook from first setiger, showinglong hooded region; b, distal end of same hook enlarged; c, one of five hooded hooksfrom a posterior parapodium, showing distal hooded region.d, Arabella iridescens (U.S.N.M. No. 5216): Part of maxillary apparatus in dorsal view.In the original description of this species, it is stated "setae* * * of two forms: winged capillary in anterior portion of thebody and hooded crotchets in the posterior region," implying thathooded hooks are absent in anterior segments. I have againexamined the type of L. zonata (at the Museum of ComparativeZoology) and verified the presence of simple hooded hooks in atleast the second setiger (setae of the first are broken away neartheir base).In many specimens examined, fi'om Puget Sound south to southernCalifornia, the presence of simple slender hooded hooks (fig. 13 a, &)already from the first setiger, has been ascertained. After aboutthe thirtieth or fortieth segments, these slenderer hooks are graduallyreplaced by heavier simple hooks (fig. 13, c) with shorter sheath.In most individuals limbate setae are entirely lacking in far posterior
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.92
segments, but occasionally a single, slender, limbate seta is presentnear the superiormost part of the fascicle. A twenty-first neuropo-dium contains 5 dark acicula, 10 inferior pointed setae, 6 simplehooded hooks, 10 superior pointed setae; its notopodium is providedwith an embedded fascicle of acicula. A far posterior parapodiummay contain three black acicula and about five hooded hooks, usuallyno limbate seta.L. zonata is common in the intertidal zones of the northeast Pacific,to considerable depths. The National collections contain specimensfrom the Behm Canal, Alaska (Albatross stations), including depthsof 14 to 256 fathoms. Genus ARABELLA GrubeARABELLA IRICOLOR (Montagu)Nereis tricolor Montagu, 1804, p. 83.Lumiriconereis tenuis Verriix, 1873, p. 594 (part) (U.S.N.M. No. 13383; Vine-yard Sound, in 12 fathoms).A collection labeled "Cotypes" includes numerous small, slenderindividuals of Arahell-a iricolor (Montagu). The prostomium is sub-globular, with four eye spots in a transverse row; parapodia areprovided with only pointed, limbate setae, hence Arabella. Theproboscideal armature is typical of A. iricolor.In the original description the prostomium was said to lack eyes,also, at the sixteenth segment "recurved spatulate setae, with twoto three hook-like denticles at the end [hooded hooks?], while two orthree lanceolate ones remain." It seems, therefore, that these so-called "Cotypes" are not the same as that on which the first descrip-tion was based. A holotype has not been found.ARABELLA IRmESCENS TreadwellFiGUBE 13, dArabella iridescens Tbeadwexl, 1906, p. 1171 (U.S.N.M. No. 5216; Pailolo Chan-nel, between Molokai and Maui, in 12 fathoms).There is only a single fragment, with much of the maxillary ap-paratus missing and most of the setae broken away flush with thebody wall. The prostomium is elongate, depressed, triangular, with-out eye spots or other color markings; it lacks a median sulcus buthas a depression in the middle on both dorsal and ventral sides.The proboscideal region has been largely dissected out; mandiblesare lacking but some maxillary parts (fig. 13, d) remain. Thecarriers are very long, slender, with a short, rounded, ventral, un-paired piece that terminates in a ragged edge ; the whole only slightlychitinized. Maxilla I on the right side is roughly triangular inoutline, with 8 (or 9) teeth on the cutting edge. Maxillae II andIII (fused) have 16 teeth; maxilla IV is presumably lost from this
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?HARTMAN 125specimen; maxilla V has a single tooth (fig. 13 d). On the leftside only two plates (IV and V) remain. The formula, insofar ascan be determined, appears to be : Right side=8 (or 9) +16+ ? + l;left side=?+? + 7+l.In posterior segments limbate setae are distally pointed, curvedin the winged region ; the superiormost and inferiormost are smooth,but three or four in the median part of the fascicle are denticulate,with several rows of spinelets in the thickest region.A. iridescens is characterized in having a depressed, triangularprostomium without eye spots; maxilla I has numerous teeth on thecutting edge. Its proboscideal armature resembles that of A. genicu-lata Claparede (Fauvel, 1923, p. 439), but the latter has prostomialeyes. ARABELLA ZONATA (Moore)isfotocirrus zonata Moore, 1903, p. 45 (U.S.N.M. No. 15736; off Honshu Island,Japan, in 34 fathoms).There is only a single incomplete fragment that was dried whenreceived; it lacks head and anterior end, including proboscidealparts. Parapodia are provided with only simple, pointed, limbatesetae, such as characterize Arabella, but lack heavy acicular setaesuch as are present in Drilonereis. (See below.) It is thereforereferred to the former.Genus DRILONEREIS ClaparedeDRILONEREIS ROBUSTA (Moore)Figure 11, c, dLaranda robusta Mooee, 1903, p. 454 (U.S.N.M. No. 15813; off Japan, in 173-260 fathoms).This species belongs to a small group of lumbrinerids in whichd) parapodia are provided with only simple, pointed limbate setaeaccompanied by single, heavy, projecting, acicular setae, (2) theprostomium lacks eye spots but has a conspicuous median, longi-tudinal sulcus on its dorsal surface, (3) the maxillary carriers arelong, paired, slender pieces accompanied by a shorter, flat, unpairedpiece on its ventral side, (4) forceps are long, strongly falcate, withdenticulations at the base, and (5) mandibles consist of a pair ofshort, flat pieces about twice as long as wide. These characters areintermediate between two genera
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Arabella Grube and DrilonereisClaparede?and differ from the first in lacking eye spots and havingheavy projecting acicular setae and from the second in having well-developed maxillary parts in which the forceps are strongly falcate,with basal teeth; the other paired pieces are also denticulate (fig.11, d). It agrees most nearly with Drilonereis.Heavy acicular spines are first seen to project from the antero-ventral part of the eighteenth setiger; they come to be heavier and
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 92more conspicuous in median and posterior segments, where they aremuch thicker, though shorter, than the limbate setae.The jaws were not described originally. They are as follows(proboscis dissected) : The maxillary parts, including carriers, ex-tend through setigers 3 to 13, the mandibles through setigers 1, 2, andpart of 3. Carriers are long, slender, with an unpaired, ventralpiece; forceps are thick, distally hooked, basally with six teeth;maxilla II has 10 teeth on each side, the distal tooth much thelongest; maxilla III has a long tooth distally and four shorterteeth below; maxilla IV has a long tooth on each side (fig. 11, d).The formula is: 1=6+1, 11= 10, 111= 5, IV=1. The ventrallylocated mandibles are dark, broad, flat, much shorter than the forceps(fig, 11, c).Setae are smooth, narrowly limbate ; a denticulate region was notobserved in any examined. D. rohusta is known only through itsoriginal discovery. Family GLYCERIDAEGenus GLYCERA SavignyGLYCERA MEXICANA (Chamberlin)FiGTJBE 9, eHeinipodus mexieanus Chamberlin, 1919, p. 349 (U.S.N.M. No. 19372; Gulf ofCalifornia).There is only an anterior fragment with proboscis retracted andthe prostomium withdrawn into the anterior buccal cavity. Theaileron of the jaw has a broad, spreading base and a long, producedfang (fig. 9, e). Setae include (1) superior, simple, and (2) inferiorcomposite. In both of these respects it is a typical Glycera Savigny,to which it is hereby referred.In anterior segments the presetal lobe is bifurcated ; the postsetallobe is short, entire. The presetal lobes are long and slender andresemble the equally long ventral cirri. Dorsal cirri are insertedfar above the parapodial base.There is little to distinguish this from G. papillosa Grube, fromwestern South America. It bears resemblances also to G. lancadivae(Berkeley, 1939, p. 334) from Guatemala.Family CIRRATULIDAEGenus CIRRATULUS LamarckCIRRATULUS GRANDIS VerrillCirratulus grandis Verrtix, 1873, p. 606.Cirratulus tenuis Vekriul, 1873, p. 607 (U.S.N.M. No. 15284; Vineyard Sound,Mass.).The collection is labeled cotype. The prostomium is anteriorlyrounded, slightly acute, without eye spots or other color marks.
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 127Dorsal branchiae arise from the first setiger, but there is a pair oflateral tentacles inserted immediately in front. Branchial filaments(or their scars) number 10 to 12 on a side; their bases form anelongate, oval patch, the pair separated by a clear, median space equalto about half the width of one branchial base. Lateral tentacles arisefrom a point immediately above the notopodial base, but at theposterodorsal face of the notopodium.Setae are pale yellow; the first 18 setigers have long, taperingcapillaries; the dorsal setae somewhat exceed in length the ventralones. From the nineteenth setiger a heavy spine is present ventrallyin the neuropodium, accompanied with long, pointed setae. Fromthe twenty-eighth setiger two such heavy spines are present, alternat-ing with pointed setae; this arrangement continues through the restof neuropodia. Notopodia have similar, heavy spines from thethirty-fifth setiger, in the inferior end of the fascicle, accompaniedwith pointed setae, continued so to the end. (Sometimes there aretwo heavy spines.)In the original description (which was only preliminary) the setaewere described as "long and slender in each ramus," but no mentionwas made of acicular spines.C. tenuis Verrill agrees in all details with C. graTidis Verrill, towhich this is hereby referred.Genus CIRRIFORMIA HartmanCIRRIFORMIA FILIGERA (Chiaje)Lumbricus filigerus Chiaje, 1828, p. 171.Audouinia flligera Fatjvel, 1927, p. 93.Audouinea oculata Tkeadwell, 1932, p. 17 (U.S.N.M. No. 19640; Brazil).In the type of Audouinea oculata, the prostomium lacks eye spots.The first setiger has a slender filament arising from the superior endof the setal fascicle. Between the fourth and fifth setigers the dorsalbranchiae arise, those of one side nearly continuous with those of theother ; no median space separates those of the two sides. From aboutthe fifty-fifth setiger the lateral tentacles arise a short distance abovethe notopodium; more posteriorly they are inserted progressivelymore dorsally so that in postmedian segments the point of insertionis nearly midway between the notopodium and the middorsal line.Acicular setae are first present in neuropodia from about thethirty-seventh setiger, and in notopodia from about the fifty-eighthsetiger. In neuropodia there are three such acicular setae, onlyslightly falcate, alternating with long, capillary setae, this arrange-ment continued through a long region. In some far posteriorneuropodia only acicular setae may be present, or the capillaries may
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 92be much reduced. Notopodia have similar, but slenderer and longer,acicular setae, also alternating with capillary setae.This agrees fully with G. filigera (Chiaje), to which it is herebyreferred. It is well known from parts of South America (Ehlers,1897, p. 110; 1901, p. 183; Fauvel, 1916, p. 446). It differs from G.capillaris Verrill (below) in that the latter has single acicular setaein neuropodia in posterior segments.CIRRIFORMIA CAPILLARIS (Verrill)Cirratuhis capillaris Verbhx, 1900, p. 653.Cirratulus tenuis Webste2i, 1884, p. 323 (U.S.N.M. No. 4797; Bermuda) (not Ctenuis Verrill, 1873).The single specimen of G. tenuis (U.S.N.M. No. 4797) is small,much contracted, with proportions as given by Webster. The pros-tomium is short, anteriorly rounded, without eyes. Dorsal branchiaearise, in a pair of crowded clusters, between the fourth and fifthsetigers; the scars number 10 or more on a side and leave bare ashort, median space. Lateral tentacles first arise from a point dorsalto the notopodial ridge, but in median and posterior segments thepoint of insertion moves progressively upward so that it comes tobe nearly midway between the notopodium and the middorsal line.Notopodial and neuropodial setal structures have the same form anddistribution as in G. capillaris Verrill, to which G. tenuis Webster ishereby referred. Family OPHELIIDAEGenus AMMOTRYPANE RathkeAMMOTRYPANE AULOGASTER RathkeFigure 14, 6, cAmniotrypane aulogaster Rathke, 1843, pp. 188-190, 205-208, pi. 10, figs. 1-3.
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Fauvel, 1927, p. 133, fig. 47.Ammotrypane fimiriata Vereiix, 1873, p. 604 (U.S.N.M. No. 8076; off Gay-Head, Mass., in 25 fathoms).There are numerous specimens of A. fimhriata, labeled type (1),cotypes (2), and many others, all from various parts of New Eng-land, south to Long Island, in depths of 13 to 866 fathoms. Numberof segments varies from 45 to 50. The body is slender, smootli.Branchiae are present from the second to the fifth last segment,number 40 or more pairs ; they are simple, cirriform, extend distallyfar beyond the setal tips (fig. 14, c). Parapodia have a simplesetigerous lobe and a longer, slenderer, ventral lobe. Setae areentirely simple, capillary. The anal end is provided with a longfunnellike lobe, open ventrally, with a row of about seven pairs offilaments at the end, and a simple or slightly crenulate edge at itsproximal end (fig. 14, h).
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?^HARTMAN 129These specimens are not to be distinguished from A. aulogasterRathke, already known from eastern North America (Webster andBenedict, 1887, p. 727). Genus ARMANDIA FilippiARMANDIA AGILIS (Andrews)FiGUBE 12, C, dOphelina agilis Andrews, 1891, p. 289 (U.S.N.M. No. 4898; Beaufort, N. C).The collection includes three specimens ; two are posteriorly incom-plete. Interparapodial eye spots are present between segments 6/7,8/9, * * * 16/17, 18/19, or 11 pairs; this is therefore a repre-sentative of Armandla. Setigers number 52. Branchiae are presentfrom the second segment; they are long, cirriform, present on allother segments to the end ; on their dorsal side, near the base, theyhave a thin, foliaceous flange (fig. 12, d) .On the first segment the upper presetal lobe (dorsal cirrus) islarge and long, resembling a branchia except for its smaller size (itis about two-thirds as large) ; this gi-adually diminishes in sizeposteriorly so that in the posterior third of the body it is greatlyreduced, papillar (fig. 12, d). The lower, postsetal lobe (ventralcirrus) is a minute, translucent, subglobular structure throughout(fig. 12, c, d). Setae are simple, flowing, capillary. The caudalfunnel is long, compressed cylindrical, closed ventrally along a pairof longitudinal ridges, provided at its distal end with about 14filiform cirri, and a much longer, thicker, ventral cirrus.Armandia agilis differs from other species of the genus in its highsetigerous count, in the structures of the presetal and postsetal lobes,and the closed anal funnel. It is known only from North Carolina.ARMANDIA MACULATA (Webster)FiGUEE 14, aOphelina maculata Webster, 1884, p. 322 (U.S.N.M. No. 4796; Bermuda).The collection includes two specimens. There are 29 setigers [27or 28 according to Webster] . Branchiae are present from the second,perhaps nearly to the end or at least to the third last segment; theposterior segments are now macerated, imperfect. The prostomiumis thick, about as broad as long, but with a long, slender anteriorcone nearly as long as the main part of the prostomium. Eyescannot now be distinguished, but Webster (1884) described three,in a transverse series, near the posterior margin of the lobe.Presetal and postsetal parapodial lobes are short, though broad,throughout, not unusual in any respect. A second has the proportionsshown in figure 14, a. More posteriorly the postsetal lobes become
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM
slenderer and a little longer but are never conspicuous ; also, branchiaeare longer but continue to be simple, cirriform. The pygidium issurrounded by about 20 papillae.Webster described interparapodial eye spots, present from theseventh segment, numbering 11 pairs; hence this is an Armandia.These spots are not visible now. A. maculata is known only throughits original discovery.
Figure 14.?Species of Armandia, Ammotrypane, and Lumbrineris (enlarged)
o, Armandia maculata (U.S.N.M. No. 4796) : Second parapodium in posterior view.h, c, Ammotrypane aulogaster (U.S.N.M. No. 8076): b, Anal funnel in left lateral view; c,seventeenth parapodium, in anterior view.d, ty Lumbrineris maculata (U.S.N.M. No. 16018): d. Second parapodium, in anterior view;t^ a posterior parapodium, in anterior view.Genus OPHELIA SavignyOPHELIA LIMACINA (Rathke)Ammotrypane limacina Rathke, 1843, pp. 190-192, 202-205, pi. 10, figs. 4-8.Ophelia denticulata Verbhx, 1875, p. 39; 1882, pi. 9, fig. 3 (U.S.N.M. No. 16128;off Block Island, R. I., in 14 fathoms).Ophelia limacina Fatjvel, 1927, p. 132, fig. 46.The type of O. denticulata is labeled "Off Block Island, 14 fms.Aug. 18, 1874. P. M. 856 figs." Branchiae were described as denticu-late; hence the specific name. Since, however, these denticulationsare perhaps merely wrinkles of contraction, they are not significant.There are 9 anterior setigerous segments, lacking branchiae; thisis followed by 18 branchial segments and 5 postbranchial segments,a total of 32 setigers. The anal ring is provided with 16-18 smallerpapillae and 2 larger, lanceolate cirri ventrally.This agrees fully with 0. limacina (Rathke), already reported fromeastern America by Webster and Benedict (1884, p. 724) and others.
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS HARTMAN 131Family MALDANIDAEGenus PETALOPROCTUS QuatrefagesPETALOPROCTUS FILIFER (Verrill)FiQUBE 11, a, 6Maldane filifera Vebeux, 1880, p. 179 (U.S.N.M. No. 10486; Cape Cod Bay).Lumbriclyniene filifera Veerill, 1900, p. 659.Petaloproctus filifer Abwidsson, 1907, p. 114.There is a single specimen, labeled "Type. Mastigomaldane -filifera(Verr.). Cape Cod Bay. Aug. 30, 1879. Sta. 321. 291/2 fms. Speed-weliy It is in several pieces, perhaps of an immature individual.No color remains. The anterior end lacks a cephalic plaque, isbroadly rounded, turned ventrally (fig. 11, a). The first three seg-ments are shorter than the fourth. There is a long, preanai,achaetous segment, with a well-rounded, simple anal plaque. Theanal aperture is turned dorsally (fig. 11, &). Some median seg-ments have long, hairlike setae, as typical of Petalo'proctus.Verrill (1900, p. 659) transferred this species to Lirnibriclymene^with the statement that it "does not belong to Petaloproctus as St.Joseph supposed, but rather to Lumbriclymene Sars, but it differsfrom the type, so that the generic characters should be altered some-what. Its anal region consists of a somewhat flattened cone, turnedup dorsally and nearly acute, but without a limbus. The small anusjs close to the tip on the dorsal side of the segment, while the obliquepostero-ventral side may be flat or concave. The head has a centralcarina with a pit each side of it, but no definite plate or limbus.The anterior ventral tori contain one or two spiniform seta,e. Thetwo short preanai segments have small tori, but no setae." Thisagrees reasonably well with the conditions in the type specimen,and is here referred to the genus Petaloproctus.Arwidsson (1907, p. 114, 118) has referred this species questionablyto his P. tenuis iorealis; the similarities are indeed striking. Thesynonymy appears to be justifiable. Verrill's name has priority.Genus PRAXILLURA VerrillPRAXILLURA ORNATA VerrillPrawillura ornata Vebbhx, 1879, p. 179 (U.S.N.M. No. 11853; ofE Race Point,Cape Cod, Mass., in 25 fathoms).The single type is in several pieces, or the pieces may representmore than one individual. If only one, there are well over 20 (or25) segments. The head is that of a Lumbriclymenini, the lobe wellrounded, smooth, turned down anteriorly so that the mouth is clearlyventral. Nuchal slits are shallow, crescentic. The material isunsatisfactory.
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 92Genus RHODINE MalmgrenRHODINE BITORQUATA MooreRhodine Utorquata Moore, 1923, p. 223 (U.S.N.M. No. 17248; Monterey Bay,Calif., in 204 fathoms)
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This is known through only an anterior end. The prostomiumlacks a plaque but has a long keel and conspicuous nuchal organs;they are inverted U-shaped, angular, the inner branch about half aslong as the outer. The head is bent at an angle (nearly right) to thebody, and set off on the dorsal side by a sharp, narrow, transverseridge, about one-fourth of the distance from the first setiger to theanterior end. The first two segments are very long, back of theirsetigerous ridges. The posterior border of the first is provided witha great, entire collar, fitting more or less closely around the body.A similar collar from the anterior border of the third setiger extendsforward around the posterior end of the second setiger, but thiscollar is less than half as high as the other, and longest on its ventralside ; it is entire, with broad, shallow, dorsolateral clefts and a short,dorsal flap. Other segments are also long but lack collar.R. hitorquata^ known solely through its original record, is the onlyspecies of this genus known from the west coast of North America.Family SABELLIDAEGenus SABELLASTARTE SavignySABELLASTARTE INDICA (Savigny)Sahella indica Savigny, 1826, pp. 412-413.Laonome punctata Treadwell, 1906, p. 1179 (U.S.N.M. No. 5223; Hawaii).Sabellastarte indica Johansson, 1926, pp. 15-16, fig. 5.The type collection of Laonome pivrwtata includes four well-pre-served specimens, the largest about 33 mm. long. They retain muchpigment, especially on the wine-colored, tentacular bases and thetransversely barred radioles. The dorsal side of the thorax, and toa lesser degree the ventral side including also the abdomen, are moreor less heavily speckled with deep maroon spots, and a heavier, largerspot occurs regularly on the parapodial ridge between the notopodiumand neuropodium.Radioles lack eye spots or stylodes. The collar membrane consistsof conspicuous rounded lappets, not sharply separated from the lat-eral lobes; the ventral lappets are longer, triangular, but continuouswith the lateral lobes. The setal formula is
:
,, notopodia with only bilimhate setaeneuropodia with only avicular setaeabdomen with only limbate and avicular setae.These specimens are typical representatives of a Sahellastarte, asshown by Johansson (1927, p. 157), and do not appear to be separablefrom the widely known S. indica Savigny (Okuda, 1937, p. 307, figs.).
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?HARTMAN 133Genus MEGALOMMA JohanssonMEGALOMMA CIRCUMSPECTUM (Moore)Branchiomma circumspectum Mooeb, 1923, p. 239 (U.S.N.M. No. 17021; off SantaRosa Island, Calif., in 38-45 fathoms).The collar membrane has high dorsal lappets, covering the peri-stomium; between its lobes and the lateral lobes there is a slightemargination and a deep cavity that extends down nearly throughthe first and second setigers, like a pocket; lateral lobes are slightlyoblique and continued ventrally without incision, in a pair of longtriangular flaps. Most radioles have small, more or less spherical,compound eyes at their tips.M. circK/mspectimi has been identified with M. nmshaensis (Gravier)from the Ked Sea (Monro, 1933, p. 1078), but I believe there aredifferences in the collars of the two that cannot be considered as merevariations of the same species. They are herein considered to bedistinct. Genus HYPSICOMUS GrubeHYPSICOMUS CIRCUMSPICIENS EhlersHypsicomus oircumspiciens Ehxeks, 1887, p. 271.Hyp?icomus purpureus Tbeadweix, 1924, p. 20 (U.S.N.M. No. 20325; Antigua).The single type specimen of H. purpureus originates from thePillars of Hercules, Antigua. The eye spots, originally described,are now faded out. Thoracic spatulate setae are broad, without (orwith only a tiny) mucro. This specimen agrees well with thedescription of H. circumspiciens Ehlers, except that the tentacularcrown is shorter in the first; however, it had been fixed outside thetube, permitting greater contraction.H. circumspwiens is known from the West Indian region throughother records, including Sdbella alba Treadwell (1917, p. 266) andPaTosahella sulfurea Treadwell (1917, p. 267). Johansson (1927, p.139) has discussed the synonymy.HYPSICOMUS speciesPotamiUa californica Teeadwell, 1906, p. 1178 (U.S.N.M, No. 5222; vicinity ofMonterey Bay, Calif.).The single type specimen bears the label "vicinity of MontereyBay. Alb. Sta. 4551. 56-46 fms." The setal fascicle in the collar isan elongate series ; it is an example of HypsicoTnus Grube.Another collection, labeled ''''PotamiUa californica'''' (U.S.N.M. No.17119) from Monterey Bay, Calif., Albatross station 4496, May 19,1904, in 10 fathoms, contains a single, large specimen of Detnonasomedia (Bush). Still another collection (U.S.N.M. No. 17120) fromMonterey Bay, Albatross station 4463, May 13,, 1904, in 111 fathoms,contains specimens of Pseudopotamilla intermedia Moore.
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.92Genus POTAMETHUS ChamberlinPOTAMETHUS MUCRONATUS (Moore)Figure 15, a, h-jNotaulax mucronata Moore, 1923, p. 243 (U.S.N.M. No. 17851 ; dredged off SantaCatalina Island, Calif., in 2,196 fathoms).There are several specimens in a mass of loosely intertwined, soft,mud-covered, slender tubes. The tentacular filaments are greatlyelongated but of uneven lengths, and free for their entire length;they appear loosely attached to the thorax. There are no eye spots,stylodes, or color markings. The peristomial region is unusuallyprolonged, and the collar membrane does not nearly cover it.The setal formula of the thorax is
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notopodia with bilimbate setae and spatulate setae (fig. 15, a)neuropodia with long handled avicular (fig. 15, h, j) and pennoned setae (fig. 15, i)The pennoned setae are finer than the companion avicular setae, butthe two have stems about equally long. They were seemingly over-looked in the original account since thoracic tori were said to haveslender crotchets only. These fascicles are thus typical of the genusPotamethiis.Only a few species have been attributed to this genus: (1) Potome-thus spathiferus (Ehlers) (1887, p. 278) originates from Florida, in275 fathoms; (2) Potamilla malmgreni Hansen, from Norway, wasreferred to it by Bush (1904, p. 203) ; (3) Potmnsthus scotiae(Pixell) (1913, p. 356) comes from the Antarctic. Another species,P. elongatus (Treadwell) (see below) comes from Hawaii. The first,second, and last appear to be distinguishable as follows
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1. Collar membrane distinctly oblique 2Collar membrane straight except for ventral ends mucronatus2. Spatulate thoracic setae with a minute mucro spathiferusSpatulate thoracic setae with a long, pointed mucro (fig. 15, d) elongatusPOTAMETHUS ELONGATUS (Treadwell)FiGTTBE 15, 6-dPotcmiilla elongata Treadwell, 1906, p. 1178 (U.S.N.M. No. 5221; Alhatrossstation 3883).The type collection, labeled "Pailolu Channel, between Main andMolakai Islands, Albatross Sta. 3883, in 277 fms.," contains frag-ments of a single individual and portions of a dark, fragile, slender,silt-covered tube, very weakly chitinized. There is part of ananterior end with some radioles still attached. These are long,slender, without eyes or stylodes; they are free for their entirelength. Their attachment to the thoracic region is weak. Theperistomial region is long, a considerable portion not covered by the
IDENTITY OF SOME MARINE ANNELIDS?HARTMAN 135
collar membrane. The collar, though now broken, is deep bothdorsally and ventrally, but strongly oblique (fixed m the tube).The thoracic setal formula is as follows
:
notopodia with bilimbate and spatulate (fig. 15, d) setaeneuropodia with long handled avicular (fig. 15, c) and pennoned (fig. 15, ft) setaeThe spatulate setae have a long, pointed mucro and are noticeablyasymmetrical. Another unique feature is the long neck of the avic-ular setae (fig. 15, c) differing therein from the condition in P.m/ucronatus (fig. 15, h).P. elongatuB is known only through its original record.
Figure 15.?Species of Potamethus and Chone (enlarged)a, h-j Potamethus mucronatus (U.S.N.M. No. 17351): a, Spatulate seta; h, hooked end ofthoracic uncinus; i, tip of pennoned seta; ;', long-handled thoracic uncinus.b-dy Potamethus elongatus (U.S.N.M. No. 5222): b, Pennoned seta; c, long-handleduncinus from same fascicle; d, spatulate thoracic seta.e-g, Chone ecaudata (U.S.N.M. No. 17319): e, Spatulate, thoracic seta; /, abdominaluncinus from an anterior region; g, thoracic uncinus.Genus CHONE MalmgrenCHONE ECAUDATA (Moore)FiGUBE 15, e-gJasmmiera ecaudata Moore, 1923, p. 246 (U.S.N.M. No. 17319; off Santa CruzIsland, Calif., in 38-45 fathoms).Jasminiera ecaudMa was originally described with "radioles free,without interbranchial membrane but provided on each side with anarrow, free margin of increasing width and passing into the distal
136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.92barbless tip which is flattened and coiled like a watch spring." Onecan still clearly distinguish just this condition on many of theradioles, but I believe the "free" condition of these radioles is dueto breakage. Some of the radioles are still united by a palmatemembrane, extending well over half the length of the radioles;beyond the united part, it is continued distally, the full length ofthe radioles, ribbonlike; the distal ends are barbless.The thorax consists of eight setigers. It is provided with longhandled uncini (fig. 15, g)^ and spatulate setae (fig. 15, e) in addi-tion to superior pointed limbate. The abdomen is provided withnarrowly limbate setae ventrally, and avicular uncini (fig. 15, /)dorsally.The thoracic collar is fairly high, straight, the peristomium con-cealed. There is a middorsal notch; ventrally the collar is entireexcept for a slight V-shaped notch. Laterally there is a weak un-dulation, but the collar is entire.This species was originally referred to Jasminiera because theradioles were thought to lack a palmate membrane; since, however,this is believed to have been present, it is transferred to Ghone. C.ecaudata differs from G. mollis (Bush), also from California, inthat the spatulate setae of the latter are without mucro and theabdominal uncini have a much longer beak.CHONE INFUNDIBULIFORMIS Kr^yerChone infundihuliformis Kk0yer, 1856, p. 33.Sabella picta Vebkill, 1885a, p. 440; 1885b, pi. 42, fig. 188 (U.S.N.M. No. 8706;off Newport, R. I., in 20 fathoms).Chone vnfundibuUformis Fauvel, 1927, p. 334.The type of Sabella picta is labeled "Off Newport, 20 fms. FishHawk. Sta. no. 784." It is typical Ghone Malmgren, with entirestraight collar, that is rather high, slightly flaring, with a notchdorsally. The thorax includes eight setigers, provided dorsally withbilimbate setae, and spatulate setae and ventrally with long handledhooks. Abdominal uncini are avicular.This has been compared with specimens of G. mftmdihuUformisfrom western Europe and is believed to be identical.
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