ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM ANNALE VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE MUSEUM Volume 57 Band June 1971 Junie Part 10 Dee! THE FAMILY SERGESTIDAE IN THE WATERS AROUND SOUTHERN AFRICA (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, NATANTIA) By BRIAN F. KENS LEY are issued in parts at irregular intervals as material becomes available word uitgegee in dele op ongereelde tye na beskikbaarheid van stof OUT OF PRINT/UIT DRUK I, 2(1, 3, 5, 7-8), 3(1-2, 5, t.-p.i.), 51-2, 5, 7-9), 6(1, t.-p.i.), 7(1-3), 8, 9(1-2), 10(1), 1l(I-2, 5, 7, t.-p.i.), 21, 24(2), 27, 31(1-3), 33, 38, 44(4). Price of this part/Prys van hierdie deel R5?00 Trustees of the South African Museum ? Trustees van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum 1971 Printed in South Africa by The Rustica Press, Pty., Ltd. Court Road, Wynberg, Cape In Suid-Afrika gedruk deur DieRustica-pers, Edms., Bpk. Courtweg, Wynberg, Kaap THE FAMILY SERGESTIDAE IN THE WATERS AROUND SOUTHERN AFRICA (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, NATANTIA) By BRIAN F. KENSLEY South African Museum, Cape Town (With 24 figures) [MS. accepted 20 Janunry 1971] Introduction List of species Key to genera and subgenera Description of material . Discussion Summary Acknowledgements References PAGE 215 217 217 219 262 263 263 263 INTRODUCTION The family Sergestidae is represented in the waters around southern Africa by three genera of the subfamily Sergestinae, viz. Sergestes, Petalidium and Acetes, and by one genus viz. Lucifer in the subfamily Luciferinae. Literature concerning these southern Mrican representatives is very poor. Regarding the genus Sergestes, both Hansen (1925) and Barnard (1950) reported on five species. The distribution of these five species was touched on briefly by Grindley & Penrith (1965), while Kensley (1968) added four species to the South African list. Barnard (.1950) dealt with Acetes erythraeus and in 1955 described another species of the same genus, while in his former paper he discussed one species of Lucifer. In this present paper almost all the available material has been examined. This material comes from several sources. The material collected at the start of this century by the S.S. Pieter Faure has been examined. The whereabouts of the material collected by the S.S. Pickle in the 1920S are unknown. A fair number of specimens were obtained in 1959 when the Division of Sea Fisheries research ship Africana II did a series of deep trawls off Cape Point. All this material is housed in the South Mrican Museum. From 1960 to 1963 the South Mrican Museum undertook a survey of the bathypelagic fauna around South Mrica using the S.A.S. Natal. A preliminary report of this survey was published by Grindley & Penrith (1965)' Again, this material is housed in the South Mrican Museum. The Division of Sea Fisheries has made exteri.sive collections from 1961 to 1966, from off Mo~ambique and southern Malagasy on the east, to the Walvis Basin on the west. This large collection has also been examined. The Oceanography Department of the University of Cape Town has over the years 1958-65 made extensive plankton collections off the southern African coasts. All the specimens of Lucifer in these collections,. which include those of the National Geophysical Year collected by the S.A.S. Natal in 1958, the International Indian Ocean Expedition, also collected by the S.A.S. Natal in 1962 and 1963, and those of the John D. Gilchrist collections have been examined. The data for the stations given in the discussions of the individual species may be obtained from the various sources listed below. I. Stations designated by 'A' followed by three digits e.g. A32 I, denote 'Africana' stations off Cape PoinL Data obtainable from Kensley (1968). 2. Stations designated by 'A' followed by four digits e.g. A123I, denote '4fricana' Stations. AI I38-AI 148 are obtainable from the Annual Report of the Director of the Division of Sea Fisheries for the year April, 1960- March, 1961. AI224-A4229, carried out between 1961 and 1966 are as yet unpublished. 3. Stations GIL 54-85 (John D. Gilchrist) are obtainable from the Publication NO.7 of the Oceanography Department of the University of Cape Town. Stations GIL 254-566 are obtainable from Data Report NO.3 of the Ocean- ography Department of the University of Cape Town. 4. Stations designated NGY (National Geophysical Year) are obtainable from Publication No. I of the Oceanography Department of the University of Cape Town. 5. Stations designated by NIOE (National Indian Ocean Expedition) stations 1-178 are obtainable from Data Report NO.2 of the Institute of Oceanography of the University of Cape Town. Stations NIOE 200-215 are obtainable from Data Report NO.3 of. the Institute of Oceanography of the University of Cape Town. 6. Stations designated IK denote South African Museum Isaacs-Kidd bathypelagic survey. Station data are obtainable from Grindley & Penrith (1965)' Abbreviations used in figures la-lobus armatus l.ac-Iobus accessorius Ie-lobus connectens Ii-lobus lnermis It-lobus terminalis pu - processus uncifer pv-processus ventralis Fairly full descriptions have been given in four cases, all of which are species erected by Burkenroad in 1940. All four species were described from Dana Expedition material, and only preliminary descriptions have so far been published. Comparison of the present material with the Dana type material sent on loan through the kind offices of Dr. Torben Wolff of Copenhagen, and Dr. A. A. Racek of Sydney has confirmed the identifications. Finally, in all cases where the carapace length of a specimen is given, this has been measured from the base of the rostrum (i.e. at base of eyestalk) to the mid-dorsal point of the posterior carapace margin. Subfamily Luciferinae Lucifer chacei Bowman Lucifer orientalis Hansen Lucifer penicillifer Hansen Lucifer typus H. Milne Edwards Subfamily Sergestinae Acetes erythraeus Nobili Acetes natalensis Barnard Sergestes (Sergestes) arcticus Kroyer Sergestes (Sergestes) armatus Kroyer Sergestes (Sergestes) atlanticus H. Milne Edwards Sergestes (Sergestes) corniculum Kroyer Sergestes (Sergestes) disjunctus Burkenroad Sergestes (Sergestes) orientalis Hansen Sergestes (Sergestes) pectinatus Sund Sergestes (Sergestes) sargassi Ortmann Sergestes (Sergia) creher Burkenroad Sergestes (Sergia) grandis Sund Sergestes (Sergia) laminatus Burkenroad Sergestes (Sergia) prehensilis Bate Sergestes (Sergia) potens Burkenroad Sergestes (Sergia) regalis Gordon Sergestes (Sergia) scintillans Burkenroad Sergestes (Sergia) splendens Sund Petalidium foliaceum Bate 1. Body strongly compressed, lacking gills, planktonic Body not strongly compressed, gills present 2. Last two pairs pereiopods absent Last two pairs pereiopods present 3. Gills present above fourth pereiopods Gills absent or rudimentary above fourth pereiopods 4. No dermal photophores present. Organs of Pesta present (luminescent modifications of gastro-hepatic gland) Sergestes (Sergestes) Dermal photophores often present. Organs of Pesta absent Lucifer \I Acetes 3 4 (Sergestes) Petalidium FIG. I. Lucifer penicillifer Q. Anterior region; b. Male, 6th abdominal segment, telson and uropod; e. Petasma, in situ; d. Apex of petasma. Lucifer ehaeei e. Anterior region;}: Male, 6th abdominal segment, telson, and uropod; g. Apex ofpetasma. DESCRIPTIONOF MATERIAL Subfamily Luciferinae Genus LUCIFER Pelagic forms, rostrum short, spiniform. Carapace strongly compressed. Region between bases of eyes and antennae, and mouthparts elongate. Anten- nule lacking lower flagellum in both sexes. Third maxilliped and first three pereiopods slender, elongate, first and second pereiopods non-chelate, third pereiopods imperfectly chelate. Fourth and fifth pereiopods lacking. Gills entirely absent. Sixth abdominal segment in male with two ventral processes, unarmed in female. Telson in male with ventral process, female lacking process. Single genital opening in both sexes. Key to known southern African species I. Eyestalk lessthan half distance between bases of eyes and labrum Eyestalk more than half distance between bases of eyes and labrum 2. Petasma terminally expanded, processus ventralis brush-like. Petasma terminally acute, with needle-like processus ventralis 3. Telson in male with ventral process some distance from apex. Petasma with processus ventralis having transverse area between two horns Telson in male with ventral process ending at apex. Petasma with processus ventralis lacking transverse area between two horns 2 3 penicillifer chacei Lucifer chaceiBowman, 1967 Fig. Ie-g Lucifer chacei Bowman, 196,: 266, figs I, 2a-b, 3a-e, 4. Luciferfaxoni (non Borradaile) Hansen, 1919: 61, pi. 5, figs 3a-i. Chace, 1955: 4. Description: Eye plus eyestalk about two fifths length of distance between eye- stalk base and labrum. Basal antennular segment reaching to end of cornea in female, somewhat beyond cornea in male. Sixth abdominal segment in male with short straight anterior process, posterior process slender, curved. Spine on outer margin of outer uropod ramus reaching to apex of appendage in female, not quite reaching apex in male. Process on anterior margin of first pleopod in male longer than broad. Petasma with terminal portion curved, apically acute, processus ventralis slender, needle-like. Distribution: East Indies, Pacific. South African stations: A1231, A1232. Material: 4 ~~, I (S. Lucifer orientalis Hansen, 1919 Fig.2e-g Lucifer orientalis Hansen, 1919: 55, pi. 4, fig. ,. Gordon, 1956: 325. Description: Eye plus eyestalk slightly shorter than distance between eyestalk base and labrum. First antennular peduncle segment reaching tp edge of J--~ FIG. 2. Lucifer typus a. Anterior region; b. Male, 6th abdominal segment, te1son and uropod; c. Petasma in situ; d. Apex ofpetasma. Lucifer orientalis e. Anterior region;j. Male, 6th abdominal segment, telson and uropod; g. Apex ofpetasma. cornea. Sixth abdominal segment in male with anterior process curved, apically acute. Posterior process distally expanded, slightly flexed. Telson in male short, rounded ventral process ending distally at apex. Spine on outer margin of outer uropod ramus extending well beyond apex. Petasma with sheath con- sisting distally of two pointed lobes, with transverse lines on outer surface, covering the processus ventralis. Latter consisting of two diverging pointed lobes. Distribution: East Indies, off Philippines, Red Sea. South African stations: A1239, GILI44, GIL239, NGY3, NGY4, NGY6, NGY7, NGYIO, NGYI2, NGYI5, NGYI6, NGYI9, NGY21, 'NGY24, NGY27, NGY46, NGY50. Remarks: Hansen (1919) remarks that the females of the closely related species L. typus and L. orientalis are very difficult to distinguish; this is certainly the case in the present material; consequently where the two species have occurred in the sa~e sample, only the males of L. orientalis have been separated. Lucifer penicillifer Hansen, 1919 Fig. la-d Lucifer penicillifer Hansen, 1919: 59, pI. 5, fig. 2. Barnard, 1947: 384; 1950: 645, fig. 121. Gordon, 1956: 32, figs 4-6. Lucifer typus (non Milne Edwards) Stebbing, 191?: 28. Description: Length of eye about one third that of distance between base of eyestalk and labrum. First antennular peduncle segment extending slightly beyond eye. Sixth abdominal segment in male with two ventral processes, the posterior one the larger, the apex acutely rounded. Telson in male with the rounded ventral process some distance from the apex, bearing numerous tiny , granules. Tooth on outer margin of outer uropod ramus not extending beyond apex. Petasma with strongly chitonized sheath, the outer convex portion of which bears numerous tiny spines, the apex slightly expanded. Processus ventralis slender ending in a bipartite 'brush'. Distribution: East Indies, Bay of Bengal, China Sea, off Great Barrier Reef. South African locality: Mossel Bay. South African stations : 'Africana' AI225 AI226 AI227 AI228 AI231 AI232 AI897 'GIL 54 60 63 64 65 67 76 i I I----r----I- I-~-I : I I' l"g:Ctjiv u .- ;:;? I .g "? ~ ~? .-+Q. ~_._----- :il I II----I - I--j i I I 1- I" r I- I I' I I I ,!---+ i- " - i--l- I -t-_L i---I-+- SERGESTIDAEIN WATERSAROUNDSOUTHERNAFRICA 223 'Africana' GIL NGY NIOE A2386 77 16 79 77 83 17 81 85 86 19 83 92 87 25 89 93 88 26 90 95 143 29 114 169 30 159 330 34 161 254 37 176 281 38 177 41 200 47 201 48 205 49 '210 Remarks: L. penicillifer is the only species hitherto recorded from South African waters. It was collected by the Pieter Faure from Mosse1 Bay. Lucifer typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 Fig.2a-d Lucifer typus H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 469. Hansen, 1919: 53, pI. 4, fig. 6. Gordon, 1956: 324, figs 1-3. Bowman & McCain, 1967: 660, fig. la-b. Description: Length of eye plus eyestalk less than the distance between eyestalk base and labrum. First antennular peduncle segment reaching to edge of cornea. Sixth abdominal segment in male with anterior process slender, acute. Posterior process distally expanded and bent. Ventral rounded process of telson in male some distance from apex. Spine on outer margin of outer uropod ramus extending well beyond apex. Petasma with terminal portion robust, sheath apically blunt. Sheath with transverse lines on outer surface, enclosing the broad processus ventralis and a strong hooked process. Processus ventralis with two terminal spines separated by a straight edge. Distribution: Off Atlantic coast of North America, Sargassum Sea, East Indies, Bay of Bengal, Philippines, off Great Barrier Reef. South African stations: 'Africana' AI225 AI227 AI228 AI229 AI230 AI231 AI232 GIL 54 60 61 64 65 77 85 224 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM '4fricana' GIL NGY NIOE AI233 86 8 75 34 AI234 87 9 74 35 AI235 121 10 76 59 AI236 144 II 77 60 AI237 184 12 79 61 AI238 183 13 80 62 AI239 206 14 81 74 AI241 254 15 83 80 AI242 285 16 85 90 AI243 286 17 86 97 AI244 18 87 98 AI252 19 89 114 AI253 20 90 128 AI254 21 142 AI896 22 143 AI897 23 145 A2386 24 155 A2387 25 156 A2389 26 157 A2390 27 158 A2391 28 159 A2961 29 164 A2966 30 170 A3633 31 173 A3634 32 175 A3645 34 177 35 200 36 201 37 204 38 205 39 206 40 207 41 210 42 215 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 59 FIG. 4. Aedes erythraeus a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; e. Male, outer antennular flagellum; d. Antennular peduncle in lateral view; e. Telson and uropod in dorsal view;f.Female, coxa pereiopod three. Subfamily Sergestinae Genus ACETES Rostrum short, with one or more dorsal denticles, strong supraorbital and hepatic spines present. Third antennular peduncle segment in female slightly longer than second joint, very.much longer in male. Lower antennular flagellum in male with clasping organ. Third maxilliped slender, elongate, shorter than third pereiopod. Two distal joints of pereiopod undivided. First pereiopod with small chela. Pereiopods four and five entirely lacking. Petasma lacking the numerous ramifications found in Sergestes. Key to the known southern African species I. Telson apically acute, reaching beyond midpoint of inner uropod ramus erythTaeus Telson apically truncate, not reaching midpoint of inner uropod ramus nataknsis Acetes erythraeus Nobili, 1905 Fig. 4 Acdes erythraeus Nobili, 1905: 394; fig. I; 1906: 23, pI. I,fig. 5. Kemp, 1917: 51, figs IC-e, 2b, 3b, ?, 5a, d, 7b. Barnard, 1950: 822; 1955: 42. Description: Rostrum slightly elevated, apically acute, with two dorsal denticles. Strong supraorbital and hepatic spines present. Antennular peduncle with basal segment equal to third segment, latter twice length of second. Scapho- cerite reaching to slightly beyond midpoint of third peduncle segment. Eye reaching almost to end of basal peduncle segment, much wider than eyestalk. Pereiopods slender, coxa periopod three in female with distal and proximal process on inner face. Curved median forwardly directed spine between bases of first pleopods. Telson apically acute, reaching beyond middle of inner uropod ramus. Outer ramus with spine on outer margin. Petasma male with triangular apically acute processus ventralis. Capitulum proximally broad, distally more slender. Latter portion bears several small hooks, plus two large curved hooks at its base. Distribution: Coast of Thailand, Coast ofIndia, Red Sea. Southern African localities: Delagoa Bay, Durban. Material: 9 ~~, carapace length 6'2-9'0 mm; 5 JJ, carapace length 5'8- 7?4mm. Acetes natalensis Barnard, 1955 Fig. 5 Acetes natalensis Barnard, 1955: 43. Description: Rostrum slightly elevated, apically acute, with two dorsal denticles. Strong supraorbital and hepatic spines present. Antennular peduncle in male with basal segment shorter than third, latter almost three times length of middle segment. Scaphocerite reaching to end of middle segment. In female, scapho- cerite reaches to middle of third segment, latter shorter than basal segment. Eye not quite reaching end of basal segment, wider than eyestalk. Pereiopods slender, coxa pereiopod three in female with blunt proximal process on median ~ --r -"Yt:~--~-_.---- d FIG. 5. Aedes natalensis a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; e. Male outer antennular flagellum; d. Antennular peduncle in lateral view; e. Telson and uropod in dorsal view; f. Female coxa pereiopod three. face, no distal process. No spine present between bases of first pleopods. Telson apically truncate not reaching middle of inner uropod ramus. Petasma male with elongate cylindrical capitulum bearing several small hooks, and at its base on the inner side, a short triangular process. Locality: Durban Bay. Material: 5 ~~, carapace length 3'9-5'3 mm; 3 0-0-, carapace length 5'6-5'9 mm, Genus PETALIDIUM Shrimp-like forms with first three pairs of pereiopods elongate, second and third bearing a tiny chela. Pereiopods four and five reduced, fourth longer than . fifth. Pleurobranchs and pleurobranchial lamellae present above third maxil- liped and first three pereiopods, gill absent or rudimentary above fourth pereiopod, Processus ventralis of petasma in male bifurcate. Petalidium foliaceum Bate, 1881 Fig. 6 Petalidiumfoliaceum Bate, 1881: 194; 188: 349, pl. 60. Hansen, 1896: 936; 1903: 54, pl. II, fig. I. Illig, 1914: 372, figs 31-34. Stebbing, 1914b: 284, pI. 28. Burkenroad, 1937: 326. Hale, 1941: 261, figs I, 2. Description: Rostrum short, slightly elevated, somewhat variable, with single forwardly directed tooth, sometimes with posterior tooth. Cervical groove prominent, antennal and suprabranchial ridges strong. Minute hepatic spine present. Eyestalk with two median tubercles. Third maxilliped and all pereio- pods missing in all specimens. Telson apically acute, with two subapical spines and four plumed setae. Outer uropod ramus with minute tooth near apex. Petasma in male slender, elongate. Processus uncifer with strong subapical spine, apex acute. Processus ventralis slender, distally divided into long ramus armed with hooks, and short apically hooked ramus. Lobus terminalis bilobed, with long slender ramus, apically armed with hooks, and short slender ramus. Lobus inermis just below lower lobus terminalis lobe, short, blunt. Lobus armatus consisting of two blunt lobes armed with a few hooks. Distribution: Most of the southern seas, i.e. South Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean, south of Australia, Antarctic. South African stations: A1879, A2945, A2958, A2963, A3616, A3643. Material: Carapace length (mm) 0- ~ 8'0 6'0 9'3 6'5 9'7 8? 1 9'9 9'5 10?6 11,8 11'0 12,8 Remarks: Although this species has heen recorded from the south Atlantic, this vFIG. 6. Petalidiumftliacerim a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Eyestalk; c. Telsonic apex; d. Rostral variation; e. Petasma;j: Thelycum; g. Uropod rami. is the first record from the South African region. Unfortunately, because of the very soft nature of the exoskeleton, several of the specimens are damaged, while none have retained the third maxillipeds or the pereiopods. Genus SERGESTES Shrimp-like forms with first three pairs of pereiopods elongate, the second and third bearing a tiny chela. Pereiopods four and five lacking dactyls, reduced, often flattened, bearing natatory setae, fifth usually shorter than fourth. First maxilla bearing palp, second maxilla bearing two lobes. First maxilliped bearing segmented palp. Branchial lamellae as well as arthrobranchs present. Processus ventralis of petasma in male not forked. SubgenussERGESTES 'Species of Sergestes sJ. with specialized luminescent modifications of the gastrohepatic gland (organs of Pesta) but without dermal photophores. Supra- orbital and hepatic spines maybe present or absent in adult. Ovary confined to cephalothorax. Colour in life due to red subcuticular chromatophores mainly concentrated on the anterior part of the body' (Yaldwyn, 1957). Subgenus SERGIA 'Species of Sergestes sJ. without specialized luminescent modifications of the gastrohepatic gland (organs of Pesta). With or without dermal photophores which when present mayor may not have cuticular lenses. Supraorbital and hepatic spines absent in adult (secondary hepatic prominences may sometimes be present). Ovary may extend into abdomen. Adult with red cuticular pig- ment distributed over entire body and appendages in life' (Yaldwyn, 1957). Key to known southern African species of the subgenus Sergestes I. Third maxillipeds subequal to third pereiopods . Third maxillipeds longer than third pereiopods . 2. Two distal segments of pereiopod five setose on both margins Two distal segments of pereiopod five setose on only one margin 3. Supraorbital spine present. Lobus armatus of petasma straight Supraorbital spine absent. Lobus armatus of petasma strongly curved 4. Third segment of antennular peduncle equal to or longer than first. Petasma lobes short, stumpy Third segment of antennular peduncle shorter than first. Petasma lobes elongate 5. Two distal segments of pereiopod five setose on both margins Two distal segments of pereiopod five setose on only one margin 6. Dactylus and distal half of propodus of third maxilliped with numerous spines forming comb?like structure. Processus ventralis of petasma unarmed Dactylus and distal half of propodus of third rnaxilliped armed with spines but not forming comb-like.structure. Processus ventralis of petasma armed distally with numerous spines 7. Dactylus of third maxilliped consisting of four segments Dactylus of third maxilliped consisting of six segments . arcticus 6 7 sargassi annatus orientalis FIG. 7. Sergestes (Sergestes) arcticus a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Male, outer antennular flagellum; d. Female, coxae pereipods three; e. Scaphocerite;f. Uropod. Sergestes (Sergestes) arcticus Kroyer, 1859 Fig. 7 Sergestes arcticus Kroyer, 1859: 240. Smith, 1886, pI. 20, figs I, 2. Ortmann, 1893: 33. Kemp, 1910: 30, pI. 3, figs 13-19. Sund, 1920: 8, fig. 5? Hansen, 1922: 62, pI. I, figs I, 2, pI. 3, fig. 3; 1925: 23? Illig, 1914: 355; 1927: 306, figs 53-65. Barnard, 1950: 639, fig. 120, a-d. Holthuis, 1952: 8, fig. I. Grindley & Penrith, 1965: 280. Sergestes (Sergestes) arcticus Yaldwyn, 1957: 9, figs 1-5. Description: Rostrum short, horizontal, apically acute. Strong supraorbital spine and ridge present. Cervical groove distinct, with hepatic spine at its base, suprabranchial ridge distinct. Eyes laterally directed, no ocular tubercle. Scaphocerite with apical spine on outer margin. Two distal antennular peduncle segments equal in length to basal segment. Maxilliped three slender, not longer than pereiopods. Coxa pereiopod three in female with broad incurved hook, sternum bearing rounded flap-like operculum. Fifth pereiopod slightly more than half length of fourth, two distal segments setose on only one margin. Telson apically acutely rounded, outer uropod ramus with spine at about distal third. Petasma in male with elongate curved lobus armatus, armed with row of hooks on inner margin, lobus connectens triangular, covered with large hooks, lobus terminalis with few distal hooks, processus ventralis distally expanded, armed with several clustered spine-like hooks. Distribution: North and South Atlantic, off Chile, off New Zealand, South Australia. South African stations: 1K40, 1K50, 1K51, PF2380, PF16832, A18n, A1879, A1889, A2391, A2393, A2394, A2950, A2953, A2958, A2961, A2962, A2963, A2966, A3643, A3634, A2968. Material: Average carapace length for 24 3'3': 9'5 mm. Average carapace length for 40 ~~: 12'7 mm. Sergestes (Sergestes) armatus Kroyer, 1855 Fig. 8 Sergestes armatus Kroyer, 1855: 10.Ortmann, 1893: 36. Hansen, 1896: 966; 1903:63; 1922: 174, pI. 10, figs 6a-k; 1925: 26. Sund, 1920: 23, figs 39-41. Burkenroad, 1937: 321. Barnard, 1950: 643, figs 120, m-p. Grindley & Penrith, 1965: 281. Sergestes (Sergestes) armatus: Yaldwyn, 1957: 8. Kensley, 1968: 304. Description: Rostrum somewhat elongate, apically acute with trace of dorsal denticle. Small supraorbital and hepatic spines present. Suprabranchial ridge present, cervical groove weakly defined. Eyestalk bearing ocular tubercle medio-distally, reaching to middle of basal antennular peduncle segment. Latter two-thirds length of third peduncle segment. Median segment shorter than basal. Scaphocerite apically pointed without spine on outer margin, reaching at least to midpoint of third antennular peduncle segment. Maxilliped three longer and stouter than pereiopods, dactylus consisting of four segments bearing about 15 long and short spines. Two proximal segments equal in length, longer than two distal segments, penultimate segment shortest. Fifth pereiopods "'" ~~':---------- FIG. 8. Sergestes (Sergestes) armatus a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Female coxa pereiopod three; c. Petasma; d. Male, outer antennular flagellum, e. Maxilliped three dactylus; f. Scaphocerite; g. Uropod. short slender, two distal segments setose on only one margin. Coxa pereiopod three in female with short acute median facing process, sternum with rounded flap-like operculum. Outer ramus of uropod setose for slightly more than two- thirds length of outer margin. Telson apically narrowly rounded. Petasma in male with elongate lobus terminalis armed with distal hooks, lobus inermis unarmed, stout, lobus connectens globular with numerous hooks, lobus armatus consisting of small rounded lobe armed with numerous tiny hooks and elongate rounded lobe with large hooks. Processus ventralis slender, elongate, with small process at its base. Processus uncifer apically pointed. Distribution: North Atlantic, Mediterranean, off Azores and Canaries, South Atlantic. South 4frican stations: A3I8, A3I9, IK6, IK7, IK34, IK35, IK36, IK37, IK38, IK39, IK4I, IK42, IK44, IK45, IK46, IK5I, AI8g6, A2g58, A2g62, A2g63, A2g66, A2g68, A3634, A3643, A422g. Material: Average carapace length for 20 33; lO'g mm. Average carapace length for 28 ~~; I I'g mm. Sergestes (Sergestes) atlanticus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 Fig. 9 Sergestes atlanticus. H. Milne Edwards, 1830: 346. Bate, 1888: 389, pIs 48, 49. Ortmann, 1893: 33? Hansen, 1896: 951; 1903: 58; 1919: 8,1922: 41, pI. 2, fig. I. Illig, 1914: 350, fig. 2; 1927: 286, figs 11-14. Sund, 1920: 7, fig. 4. Sergestes (Sergestes) atlanticus Yaldwyn, 1957; 8. Kensley, 1968: 303, figs 9d, IOC, lid. Description: Rostrum hardly elevated, short, apically acute, slight supraorbital ridge, strong supraorbital spine. Cervical groove distinct, dorsally feeble, strong hepatic spine at its base. Supra branchial ridge distinct. Eye reaching to mid- point of basal antennular peduncle segment. Latter elongate, basal segment equal in length to third segment, middle segment shorter. Scaphocerite reaching to about midpoint of third antennular peduncle segment, with small terminal spine on outer margin. Maxilliped three slender, equal in length to pereiopod three, dactylus of eight segments, decreasing in length distally. Fifth pereiopod about half length of fourth, two distal segments setose on only one margin. Outer margin of outer uropod ramus with spine at distal third. Telson apically acutely rounded. Petasma in male, with broadly triangular processus ventralis, lobus armatus low, rounded, armed with several hooks, lobus connectens small slender, lobus terminalis a bulge armed with hooks on lobus inermis, latter a rounded unarmed lobe. Processus uncifer with minute terminal hook. Distribution: Mediterranean, North Atlantic, off Azores and Canaries, Sargas- sum Sea, off Cape Point. South African stations: IK6, A2g66. Material: Carapace length (mm) 3 5'3 6?8 FIG. 9. Sergestes (Sergestes) atlanticus a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Outer flagellum antennular; d. Scaphocerite; e. Uropod. Sergestes (Sergestes) corniculum Kroyer, 1955 Fig. 10 Sergestes corniculum Kroyer, 1855: 22. Ortmann, 1893: 34. Hansen, 1896: 957; 1922: 126, pI. I, figs 6,7, pI. 7, fig. 3a-Q, pI. 8, fig. la-i. Sund, 1920: 9, figs 6-10. Illig, 1914: 357, figs 6-10; 1927: 311, figs 68-;6. Burkenroad, 1937: 316.. Sergestes (Sergestes) cornic,dum: Yaldwyn, 1957: 7. Kensley, 1968: 307, figs 9a, lOb, lIb. Description: Rostrum broadly rounded with single apical point. Supraorbital ridge present. Well defined cervical groove, reaching dorsum at carapace mid- point. Well-defined suprabranchial and branchial ridges. Minute hepatic spine present, from which a strong ridge runs anteriorly to level of antennae. Eyestalk with ocular tubercle on medio-distal face. Eye reaching midpoint of basal antennular peduncle segment. Scaphocerite lacking apical spine, reaching almost to midpoint of third antennular peduncle segment. Maxilliped three slender, not longer than pereiopod three. Latter slender, elongate, reaching well beyond antennular peduncle, propodus and carpus bearing along their edges numerous elongate spines separated by several smaller spines. Coxa pereiopod three in female bearing blunt median process, sternum with straight- edged flap-like operculum. Telson apically acute, outer margin of exopod uropod setose for about half its length. Petasma in male with processus ventralis distally expanded, bearing about II or 12 acute papillae. Lobus armatus stout, curved, apically and proximally armed with hooks. Lobus connectens slender armed with two apical hooks. Lobus terminalis armed with cluster of hooks distally. Lobus inermis slender elongate, apically pointed, unarmed. In pre- served specimens, scattered pigment spots may be observed on the dorsal surface of the carapace and abdomen. Distribution: Mediterranean, North Atlantic, off the Azores and Canary Islands, Sargassum Sea. South African stations: A32I, IK6, IK34, IK35, IK39, IK41, IK42, IK44, IK48, IK50, A2958, A2962, A2963, A2968, A3616, A3634, A4218. Material: Average carapace length for 21 d'd': 20'1 mm. Average carapace length for 22 ~~: 21'0 mm. Sergestes (Sergestes) disjunctus Burkenroad, 1940 Fig. II Sergestes (Sergestes) disjunctus Burkenroad, 1940: 38. Yaldwyn, 1957: 8. Description: Rostrum slightly elevated, with short acute anteriorly facing apex. Strong supraorbital spine present. Well-developed cervical groove, stretching forward from about the dorsal midpoint of the carapace, with strong hepatic spine at its base. Strong suprabranchial and lateral branchial ridges, also a ridge stretching anteriorly from hepatic spine almost to anterior margin of carapace, in antennal region. Eyes laterally directed, eyestalk with very low ocular tubercle. Basal segment of antennular peduncle equal in length to third segment, middle segment slightly shorter. Scaphocerite damaged. Third FIG. 10. Sergestes (Serg~stes) corniculum a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Outer antennular flagellum; d. Female coxae perdopod three; e. Uropod;.f. Scaphocerite. maxillipeds missing but coxae not larger than those of pereiopods one to three. Pereiopods four and five flattened, bearing long setae, fifth about half length of fourth, two distal segments setose on both margins. Outer ramus ofuropod with outer margin lacking spine, setose for slightly more than half its length. Telson damaged. Petasma in male with elongate straight lobus armatus, bearing small cluster of terminal hooks separated by an unarmed area from larger cluster of proximal hooks. Lobus connectens stouter than lobus terminalis, covered with numerous small hooks. Lobus terminalis slender, with several terminal hooks, lobus inermis as slender as lobus terminalis, unarmed. Processus ventralis apically flared, bearing seven or eight small irregularly spined papillae. Remarks: Although most of the third maxillipeds of these specimens are missing, the size of the remaining coxae indicate that these appendages were not of the elongate and stout type as found in the 'sargassi' group. This fact, together with the setose nature of both margins of the fiftJ;1pereiopods, places the specimens in the 'corniculum' group (Yaldwyn, 1957: 7). Superficially the specimens are almost identiCal to S. corniculum Kroyer, but the structure of the petasma immedi- ately separates them. The lobus armatus is curved in S. corniculum, the lobus connectens slender, the processus ventralis bearing a continuous row of terminal spines. The present specimens differ in all these characters. The lower flagellum of the antennule also lacks some of the spines found in S. corniculum. The presence of a supraorbital spine also separates the specimens from S. corniculum, S. coalitus Burkenroad, S. erectus Burkenroad, and S. seminudus Hansen. The specimens also differ from the latter species in the structure of the petasma, where the lobus connectens is relatively more slender and the lobus terminalis more stout. The present South African records are separated by several thousand miles from the original Dana record of S. disjunctus,. nevertheless, the specimens are placed in this species as they agree well with both Burkenroad's description, and with the type material. Distribution: 34'24S, 178?42E. (Off North Island, New Zealand, Dana station 3630 IV). South 4frican stations: A31 7, A4128. Material: Carapace length (mm) 3 15'9 18'0 Sergestes (Sergestes) orientalis Hansen, 1919 Fig. 12 Sergestes orientalis Hansen, 1919: 22, pI. 2, fig. 2. Sergestes (Sergestes) orientalis: Yald,,:yn, 1957: 8. Milne, 1968: 30. Description: Rostrum short, slightly elevated, apically acute. Small supra- orbital spine present. Cervical groove barely visible, with strong hepatic spine at its base. Eyes reaching slightly beyond midpoint of basal antennular peduncle FIG. II. Sergestes (Sergestes) disjunctus Q. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Outer antennular flagellum; d. Uropod. segment, scarcely wider than eyestalk. Antennular peduncle with basal segment equal in length to third segment, middle segment shorter. Maxilliped three much longer than pereiopods, four proximal segments stout, two distal segments slender, flattened. Dactylus consisting of six segments, first slightly shorter than second, four distal segments small, equal in length, three together equal to second segment in length. Terminal segment bearing a long and short spine terminally. Fifth pereiopods with two distal segments setose on only one margin. Coxa pereiopod three in female with short pointed basal protuberance. Distribution: South-east of South Africa, China Sea. Remarks: The enlarged third maxillipeds, having a six-segmented dactylus, and a fifth pereiopod with the two distal segments setose on only one margin, places these females in the 'edwardsi' group of species (Yaldwyn, 1957). S. (S.) edwardsi has a more slender lanceolate rostrum, and twosubequal terminal dactyl spines on the third maxilliped, unlike the present specimens, which have a broader rostrum, and very unequal terminal spines. S. (S.) tantitlus and S. (S.) semissis, both described by Burkenroad in 1940, are said to have the third maxillipeds as in S. edwardsi. S. consobrinus Milne is very similar to the present specimens, but the spine count of the dactyl of the third maxilliped (36) does not agree with the former species (47-50). Thus, in spite of the lack ofa male specimen to confirm the specific identity, these females are placed in S. (S.) orientalis. Comparison with Hansen's Siboga cotype material has further strength- ened this identification. South African stations: A2945, A2966. Material: Carapace length (mm) ~ 6'9 7'3 8'0 Sergestes (Sergestes) pectinatus, Sund, 1920 Fig. 13 Sergestes pectinatus Sund, 1920: 24, figs 42-43. Hansen, 1922: 142, pI. 8, fig. 4. Illig, 1927: 315, figs 77-80. Sergestes (Sergestes) pectinatus: Yaldwyn, 1957: 8. Sergestes henseni (non Ortmann) Illig, 1914: 360, figs 11-16. Description: Rostrum short, hardly elevated, apically acute, anterior margin vertical. No supraorbital ridge, strong supraorbital spine. Cervical groove well-developed with small hepatic spine at its base. Strong suprabranchial ridge present. Eyestalk, with tiny ocular tubercle on inner distal margin, reaching beyond midpoint of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Latter with two distal segments equal in length, basal segment slightly longer. Scapho- cerite with tiny spine on outer distal angle. Maxilliped three longer than periopods, four basal segments stout, two distal segments slender. Dactylus consisting of five segments basal segment about twice length of following seg- FIG. 12. Sergestes (Sergestes) orientalis a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Maxilliped three dactylus. ment, distal four segments of about equal length. Dactylus and distal half of propodus with a fringe of short spines forming a comb-like structure, inter- spersed with single longer spines. Pereiopods four and five flattened, fifth about halflength offourth, two distal segments setose on both margins. Coxa pereiopod three in female with short hooked basal protuberance, sternum with triangularly rounded flap-like operculum. Outer uropod ramus lacking spine on outer margin, latter setose for about four-fifths of its length. Telson apically acutely rounded. Petasma in male lacking lobus inermis and lobus connectens. Lobus armatus basally stout distally slender, slightly curved, with single apical hook, two large proximal hooks. Lobus terminalis elongate curved, with single apical hook, two large proximal hooks. Processus ventralis slender, elongate, unarmed. Distribution: Sargassum sea, North Atlantic, off Canaries, Azores, South African stations: A2386, A364 I. Material: Carapace length (mm) J ~ 4' 1 5'0 6'5 8'3 8'3 Sergestes (Sergestes) sargassi Ortmann, 1893 Fig. 14 Sergestes sargassi Ortmann, 1893: 34, pI. 3, fig. I. Hansen, 1896: 959; 1922: 148, pI. 9, fig. 2. Sergestes (Sergestes) sargassi: Yaldwyn, 1957: 8. Kensley, 1968: 304, figs ge, IOd, lie. Sergestes henseni (non Ortmann) Sund, 1920: 25, figs 44-47. Description: Rostrum hardly elevated, apically acute, anterior margin vertical. No supraorbital ridge, minute supraorbital spine present. Well-defined cervical FIG. 13. Sergestes (Sergestes) pectinatus a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Female coxaepereiopod three; c.Petasma; d. Outer flagellum antennular; e. Propodus distal end and dactylus ofmaxilliped three; .f. Scaphocerite; g. Uropod. FIG. 14. Sergestes (Sergestes) sargassi a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Female coxae pereiopod three; c. Petasma; d. Outer antennular fla,gellum; e.Dactylus ofmaxilliped three;.f. Uropod; g. Scaphocerite. IV..,...,. 20 ---1)-I 0? 25 ~f.,q ~ eo >? ZI z I > 06 t'"en 30 0 "l 9 .., ::t: eji' t"len 0 3' CI .., ~ eQ ::t:I .6? I >? :, "l????? ~ji, 8 40 ? arctkus >Z? ? ? armltus ~.? atlanticus C o corniculum ent"l? ? A disjunctus C~45 ? II orienta I is? c pcctinatus e sargassi 50 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 groove stretching forward from dorsal midpoint of carapace with a minute hepatic at base. Strong suprabranchial ridge. Eyes reaching to midpoint of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Latter slender, two distal segments equal in length, basal segment slightly longer. Scaphocerite lacking spine on outer distal margin. Maxilliped three longer than pereiopods, four basal seg- ments stout, two distal segments slender. Dactylus consisting of five segments, basal segment equal in length to distal segment, second segment longest, third and fourth segments together equal to terminal segment. Latter with two long and one short terminal spines. All segments bearing a few long spines and numerous short spines. Propodus with similar spination distally. Pereiopods slender, third reaching slightly beyond antennular peduncle. Fifth pereiopod less than half length of fourth, two distal segments setose on both margins. No spine on outer margin of outer uropod ramus. Telson narrow, apically acut~ly rounded. Coxa pereiopod three in female bearing on postero-medial angle, a tridentate process, the two outer teeth being small, the median tooth strong, ?incurved. The postero-Iateral angle of the coxa bears a large outwardly curved horn-shaped protuberance. Petasma in male with lobus armatus elongate stout, with two strong terminal hooks, lobus terminalis slender, with single terminal hooks basally joined to lobus inermis bearing a terminal spine. Processus ventralis elongate with several distal stellate spines, plus row of single spines. Distribution: Off Madeira, Azores, Sargassum Sea. South African stations: IK6, 1K39, A2g66, A3634. Material: Carapace length (mm) 6 ~ 7'0 8'0 7.8 8'0 8'2 Key to known southern African species of the subgenus Sergia I. Dermal photophores present 2 Dermal photophores absent laminatus 2. Photophores bearing cuticular lenses 3 Photophores lacking lenses, of opaque spot type . 4 3. Lower branchiostegite bearing row or at least 18 photophores. Scaphocerite bearing about 12 photophores prehensilis Lower branchiostegite bearing row of 9-12 minute photophores. Scaphocerite bearing seven photophores 4. Rostrum e1ongate/lanceolate Rostrum not e1ongate/lanceolate 5. Rostrum strongly bidentate or bifid Rostrum with single apical tooth 6. Strong post-cervical groove present. Coxa of pereiopod three female with apically acute leaf-shaped process. Petasma of six lobes (excluding processus uncifer) No post-cervical groove present. Coxa of pereiopod three female with blunt process. Petasma male with eight lobes (excluding processus uncifer) seintillans ereher (;1 d FIG. 16. Sergestes (Sergia) ereber fl. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; e. Outer antennular flagellum; d. Female coxa pereiopod three; e. Scaphocerite;j. Uropod. 7. Rostrum broadly rounded. Outer uropod ramus with two groups of photophores Rostrum not broadly rounded, with hint of dorsal denticle. Outer uropod ramus with single continuous row of small photophores Sergestes (Sergia) creber Burkenroad, 1940 Fig. 16 Sergestes (Sergia) creber Burkenroad, 1940: 44. Yaldwyn, 1957: 9. Description: Rostrum elongate, elevated, tapering to sharp point. No supra- orbital ridge or spine. Cervical groove laterally visible, dorsally obsolete. No hepatic spine, but a slight knob present. Post-cervical groove. dorsally and laterally prominent. Eyestalk lacking ocular tubercle, reaching to middle of basal antennular peduncle segment. Latter longer than second or third segments. Maxilliped three slender, not longer than pereiopods. Pereiopod three reaching well beyond antennular peduncle. Coxa pereiopod three in female bearing large leaf-shaped apically acute process. Scaphocerite almost reaching middle of third peduncular segment, bearing row of about 12 photophores of the opaque-spot type. Fifth pereiopod half length of fourth, both bearing long setae flattened. Sixth abdominal segment ending dorsally in sharp spine. Outer uropod ramus with spine at about distal third on outer margin, bearing about 12 photophores. Telson apically acute. Petasma male with slender curved unarmed lobus inermis. Lobus terminalis broadly triangular, with single row of about eight hooks on upper margin. Lobus connectens longer than lobus terminalis, with single terminal hook and numerous proximal hooks. Lobus armatus elongate slender, with large terminal hook and three large hooks in mid-region, small lobus accessorius at base bearing several tiny hooks. Processus ventralis leaf-shaped, shorter than lobus armatus, unarmed. Distribution: 01'13S, 138'42E. (Off northern coast of New Guinea, Dana Station 3766 XVIII.) South African stations: 1K35, A3643. Material: Carapace length (mm) ~ ~ 15'0 19'9 18'5 Remarks: These specimens are very similar to S. regalis Gordon but differ in the following respects: the rostrum is elongate-lanceolate, whereas in S. regalis it is almost always bidentate. There are also differences in the spination of the lower antennular flagellae, and in the photophore pattern of the outer uropod ramus, there being morephotophores in the present species. The petasma is also very similar to S. regalis, the only differences being in the more slender lobus inermis, and in the lower number of hooks on the lobus armatus in the present species. Burkenroad (1940) does not compare his species with S. regalis which was described in the previous year. The present specimens are placed in S. creber, in spite of the fact that the latter species has not been figured, and that FIG. 17. Sergestes (Sergia) grandis a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Outer antennular flagellum; d. Scaphocerite; e. Uropod. the present records are separated by several thousand miles from the original Dana record. Comparison with the type material of S. creber strengthens this identification. Sergestes (Sergia) grandis Sund Fig. 17 Sergestes grandis Sund, 1920: 16, figs 22-26. Hansen, 1922: 92, pI. 5, figs 3a-p. Sergestes (Sergia) grandis: Yaldwyn, 1957: 9. Description: Rostrum low, rounded, with small apical tooth. No supraorbital spine or ridge. Cervical groove dorsally and laterally fairly prominent. Posterior cervical groove present, but not very obvious. Suprabranchial groove strong. No hepatic spine or knob. First and second antennular peduncle segments equal in length third segment shorter. Eyestalk with tiny ocular tubercle at disto- medial corner. Scaphocerite reaching to middle of third peduncular segment, bearing row of opaque-spot photophores. Third maxilliped not longer or more robust than rest of pereiopods. Fourth and fifth pereiopods flattened, bearing long setae. Two distal segments pereiopod five setose on both margins. Outer margin of outer uropod ramus with spine at distal third. Petasma with lobus inermis unarmed, apically acute, lobus terminalis slender, with few scattered hooks. Lobus connectens bilobed, upper lobe slender, curved, with few apical hooks, lower lobe broader with several large hooks. Lobus armatus short, curved, armed with few scattered hooks. Processus ventralis slender, tapering, unarmed, reaching almost to tip of upper lobus connectens lobe. Coxa pereiopod three in female with blunt short median lobe, similar to Sergestes potens. Distribution: North Atlantic. South African stations: 1K35, WR2. Material: Carapace length (mm) 3 ~ 15'0 18'3 17.6 22'0 26'4 Remarks: The presence of opaque-spot type photophores places this species in the 'robustus' group. The petasma is in general similar to that of S. grandis, as figured by Sund (1920) and Hansen (1922), but differs in the relative propor- tions of the lobes, the upper lobus connectens lobe being much longer than as figured. The lower lobe also differs somewhat from the figures. The lobus armatus is slightly longer than in Hansen's figures. The structure of the scapho- cerite and uropod, however, is identical with Sund's description, while com- parison with material from the Atlantide Expedition, from the Universitetets Zoologiska Museum, Copenhagen, further strengthens this identification. H b FIG. 18. Sergestes (Sergia) laminatus a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Outer antennular flagellum; d. Uropod; e. Scaphocerite;f. Female coxa pereiopod three. ' Sergestes (Sergia) laminatus Burkenroad, 1940 Fig. 18 Sergestes (Sergia) laminatus Burkenroad, 1940: 53. Yaldwyn, 1957: 9. Description: Rostrum low, rounded, no apical spine, very slight supra-orbital ridge, no supraorbital spine. Integument membranous, cervical groove dorsally and laterally distinct. Suprabranchial ridge prominent. No hepatic spine but a slight knob present. Slight ridge running anteriorly from this knob. Eyestalk with small ocular tubercle on inner distal margin. Antennular peduncle short, eye reaching slightly beyond midpoint of basal segment. Two distal segments together equal to basal segment in length. Scaphocerite reaching to beyond midpoint of third segment, with small apical spine on outer distal margin. Maxilliped three slender, not longer than pereiopods two or three. Coxa pereiopod three in female with very short pointed process. Fifth pereiopod short, flattened, two distal segments setose on both margins. Outer uropod ramus with spine on outer margin, setose portion of which about one third length of non- setose portion. Telson apically acute. No dermal photophores visible in pre- served specimens. Petasma in male with strongly curved lobus armatus bearing several hooks along inner margin, lobus terminalis elongate curved, bearing small lobus inermis near its base, whole of inner face armed with hooks. Lobus connectens elongate, shorter than lobus terminalis, with single terminal hook and several proximal hooks. Processus ventralis a large broad unarmed leaf- shaped process, slightly shorter than lobus terminalis. Lower antennular flagellum male bearing two stout serrated spines on the third segment. Distribution: 11'18S, 50?03E. (Off northern coast of Malagasy Republic, Dana stations 933 I.) South African stations: A1892, A2961, A2962, A2966, A4218. Material: Carapace length (mm) c! ~ 5.6 7'9 6'0 8'2 6'7 8'2 9'0 9'0 9'7 Remarks: The petasma of the present species closely resembles that of S. bisulcatus Wood-Mason, but differs in having a much shorter lobus inermis, and a more strongly curved lobus armatus. The present specimens also differ from S. bisul- catus in the shape of the rostrum. In the latter species it is elongate and apically very acute, whereas the present specimens have a short blunt rounded rostrum. Burkenroad (1940), when discussing the affinities of S. laminatus, noted that it was most closely related to S. japonicus and S. kroyeri. The present specimens differ from S. japonicus mainly in the shape of the processus ventralis of the petasma, which is not broad and leaf-shaped in the latter. The earapace, and FIG. 19. Sergestes (Sergia) potens a. Carapace in lateral view; b. Petasma; c. Male outer antennular flagellum; d. Female coxae pereiopod three; e. Uropod;j: Scaphocerite. particularly the rostral shape, is very similar. S. laminatus differs from S. kroyeri Bate in the petasma which in the latter has a long lobus inermis, a bilobed lobus armatus, and a slender processus ventralis. The Dana material of this species came from off the northern coast of the Malagasy Republic. The present records, being both southern Atlantic and south-west Indian Ocean, are thus considerable extensions of the known range. Sergestes (Sergia) potens Burkenroad, 1940 Fig. 19 Sergestes patens Burkenroad, 1940: 48. Sergestes (Sergia) patens: Yaldwyn, 1957: 15, figs 11-19. Sergestes phorcus (non Faxon) Barnard, 1950: 641, fig. 120e-g. Grindley & Penrith, 1965: 281. Sergestes bisulcatus (non Wood"Mason) Stebbing, 1905: 87, pI. 24a; 1910: 381. Sergestes grandis (non Sund) Hansen, 1925: 23. Description: Rostrum apically acute, separated by a short straight portion from a dorsal (occasionally two) denticle. No supraorbital spine orridge; no hepatic spine, but a blunt knob. Cervical groove laterally distinct, dorsally obsolete. Strong supra branchial ridge present. Eye slightly more than half length basal antennular peduncle segment. Scaphocerite reaching midpoint of third ped- uncle segment, bearing row of opaque spot photophores. Sixth abdominal segment longer than telson, ending dorsally in tiny spinule. Maxilliped three slender, shorter than pereiopods two or three, reaching slightly beyond anten- nular peduncle. Pereiopod five halflength off our, flattened, two distal segments setose on both margins. Coxa pereiopod three in female produced medially into two blunt lobes, sternum with two bulbous swellings. Petasma in male with long curved proximally and distally armed lobus armatus, with a short lobus accessorius at its base. Lobus connectens bilobed, two lobes forming a crescent, both armed with hooks. Lobus terminalis bilobed, outer lobe longer, both armed distally with hooks. Lobus inermis tapering, unarmed, apically acute. Processus ventralis acutely triangular, unarmed. Distribution: Eastern Pacific, off New Zealand, off Cape Point. South African stations: PF16641, IK6, IKI4, IKI8, IK33, IK36, IK40, IK44. IK46, A2948, A2953, A2968, A4218. Material: Average carapace length 12 nogr.38: 1-65. HANSEN,H. J. 1922. Crustaces decapodes (Sergestides) ptovenant des camp? ~es des yachts Hirondelle et Princesse-Alice (1885-1915). Result. Camp. scient. Prince Alhert 164: 1-232. HANSEN,H. J. 1925. Note on specimens of the genus Sergestes. In CALMAN,W. T On macrurous decapod Crustacea collected in South Mrican waters by the S.S. 'Pickle' Rep. Fish. mar. hiol. Surv. Un. S. Afr. 4: 22-26. HOLTHUlS,L. B. 1952. The Crustacea Decapoda Macrura of Chile. Acta Univ.lund. (N.F., Avd. 2) 47 (10): 1-109. ILLIG,G. 1914. Die Dekapoden der Deutschen Siidpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. II. Die Ser- gestiden. Dt. Siidpol.-Exped. 15: 349-376. KEMP,S. 1910. The Decapoda Natantia of the coasts of Ireland. Scient. Invest. Fish. Breh Ire. 1908 (I) 1-190. KEMP,S. 1917. Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum. VIII. The genus Acetes, Milne Edwards. Rec. Indian Mus. 13: 43-58. KENSLEY,B. F. 1968. Deep sea decapod Crustacea from west of Cape Point, South Mrica. Ann. S. Aft. Mus. 50: 283-323. KROYER,H. 1855. Bidrag til kundskab om krebsdyrslaegten Sergestes Edw. Overs. K. dankse Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1855: 22-34. KROYER,H. 1859. Forsog til en monographisk fremstilling af kraebsdyrslaegten Sergestes. Med bemaerkninger om dekapodemes horeredskaber. K. danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 4: 217-304. MILNE,D. S. 1968. Sergestes similis Hansen and S. consohrinus n. sp. (Decapoda) from the north- eastern Pacific. Crustaceana 14: 21-34. MILNEEDWARDS,H. See EDWARDS,H. M. NOBILl,G. 1905. Diagnoses preliminaires de 34 especes et varietes nouvelleS, et de 2 genres nouveaux de decapodes de la Mer Rouge. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris>1905: 393-411. NOBiLl,G. 1906. Faune carcinologique de la Mer Rouge. Decapodes et stomatopodes. Annls Sci. nat. (Zool) 4: 1-347. ORTMANN,A. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden. Ergehn. Atlant. Planktonexped: 1Il (G.b.): 1-120. SMITH,S. I. 1887. Report on the decapod Crustacea of the 'Albatross' dredgings off the east coast of the United States during the summer and autumn of 1884. Rep. U.S. Commnr Fish. 1885: 605-705. STEBBING,T. R. R. 1905. South African Crustacea. Part III. Mar. Invest. S. Afr. 4: 21-120. STEBBING,T. R. R. 1910. General catalogue of South Mrican Crustacea. Ann. S. Aft. Mus. 6: 281-593? STEBBING,T. R. R. 1914Q.South Mrican Crustacea. Ann. S. 4fr. Mus. 15: I-55. STEBBING,T. R. R. 1914h.Stalk-eyed Crustacea Malacostraca of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Trans. R. Soc. Edinh. 50: 253-307. SUND,O. 1920. Peneides and Stenopides from the 'Michael Sars' North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedi- tion. Rep. scient. Results Michael Sars N. Atlant. Deep Sea Exped. 3 (7): 1-32. YALDWYN,J. C. 1957. Deep-water Crustacea of the genus Sergestes (Decapoda, Natantia) from Cook Strait, New Zealand. Zoology Puhls Vict. Univ. Coll. 1Il1ll: 1-27. CONFERENCEOFBIOLOGICALEDrroRS,COMMrITEEONFORMANDSTYLE.1960. Style manualfor biological journals. Washington: American Institute of Biological Sciences. MANUSCRIPT To be typewritten, double spaced, with good margins, arranged in the following order: (I) Heading, consisting of informative but brief title, name(s) of author(s), address(es) of author(s), number of illustrations (plates, figures, enumerated maps and tables) in the article. (2) Contents. (3) The main text, divided into principal divisions with major headings; sub- headings to be used sparingly and enumeration of headings to be avoided. (4) Summary. (5) Acknowledgements. (6) References, as below. (7) Key to lettering of figures. (8) Explana- tion to plates. ILLUSTRATIONS To be reducible to 12 cm X 18 cm (19 cm including captionY.A metric scale to appear with all photographs. REFERENCES Harvard system (name and year) to be used: author's name and year of publication gi,?en in text; full references at the end of the article, arranged. alphabetically by names, chronologi- cally within each name, with suffixesa, b, etc. to the year for more than one paper by the same author in that year. For books give title in italics, edition, volume number, place of publication, publisher. For? journal articles give title of article, title of journal in italics (abbreviated according to the Warld list of scientificperiodicals. 4th ed. London: Butterworths, 1963), seriesin parentheses, volume number, part number (only if independently paged) in parentheses, pagination. Examples (note capitalization and punctuation) BULLOUGH,W. S. 1960.Practical invertebrate anatomy. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. FISCHER,P.-H. 1948. Donnees sur la resistance et de Ie vitalite des mollusques.]. Conch., Paris 88: 100-140. FISCHER,P.-H., DUVAL,M. & RAFFY,A. 1933.Etudes sur les echanges respiratoires des littorines. Archs Zool. expogin. 74: 627-634. KOHN,A. J. 19600. Ecological notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Trincomalee region of Ceylon. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (13) It: 30g-320. KOHN,A.J. 1960b.Spawning behaviour, egg masses and larval development in Conus from the Indian Ocean. Bull. Bingham oceanogr. Coll. 17 (4): I-51. THIELE,J. 1910. Mollusca: B..Polyplacophora, Gastropoda marina, Bivalvia. In SCHULTZE,L. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sad- Afrika. 4: 26g-27o.Jena: Fischer. Denkschr. med-naturw. Ges.]ena 16: 26g-270. To be governed by the rulings of the latest International code of zoological nomenclature issued by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature (particularly articles 22 and 51). The Harvard systemof reference to be used in the synonymy lists,with the full references incorporated in the list at the end of the article, and not given in contracted form in the synonymy list. Example Scalaria caronata Lamarck, 1816: pI. 451, figs5 a, b; Liste: II. Turton, 1932: 80.