SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 67, NUMBER 8CAMBRIANGEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGYIVNo. 8.- NOMENCLATURE OF SOME POST CAMBRIANAND CAMBRIAN CORDILLERANFORMATIONS (2)
BYCHARLES D. WALGOTT
(Publication 2673)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONMARCH 5, 1923
}c £orb Q0afitmore tyreeeBALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.
CAMBRIAN GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGYIVNO. 8.—NOMENCLATURE OF SOME POST CAMBRIANAND CAMBRIAN CORDILLERANFORMATIONS (2)By CHARLES D. WALCOTTCONTENTS pAGENomenclature 457Robson Peak district 458Chushina formation 458Glacier Lake district 459Sarbach formation 459Mons formation 459Lyell formation 460Sullivan formation 461Arctomys formation 461Murchison formation 462Kicking Horse Canyon 463Glenogle formation 463Beaverfoot formation 463Front Range 463Ghost River formation 463Mount Wilson quartzite 464Clearwater River 464Mount Wilson 464Occurrence in Sawback Range 465Eureka Mining district, Nevada 466Goodwin formation 466'Lower Ozarkian in Alberta 470Sarceen 471Observations 475NOMENCLATUREA number of new names have been given to sedimentary forma-tions in connection with the study of sections of pre-Devonian for-mations in the Canadian Cordilleran trough of Alberta and BritishColumbia. One of these occurs in the Robson Peak • district andothers in the area about the headwaters of the Saskatchewan River,Alberta and elsewhere in the Cordillera of western America.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Vol. 67, No. 8 457
458 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 67ROBSON PEAK DISTRICTIn my brief paper on the Cambrian formations of the Robson PeakDistrict 1 the upper 3000 feet (914.4 m.) of the section in the RobsonPeak massif was included under the Ordovician system in the Robsonformation. There was not much opportunity to get at this portionof this section on Robson Peak and no detailed section of the forma-tion was made or fossils systematically collected from it except nearits base at Billings Butte. 2 During the field work of the past fouryears a formation has been delimited between the Upper CambrianLyell formation and the Ordovician Sarbach formation that wasfound to be characterized by a fauna, one zone of which could becompared with the fauna of the lower portion of the Robson forma-tion. This led to a review that resulted in the decision to arbitrarilydelimit the lower porton of the Robson formation as a distinct for-mation and name it the Chushina formation.Chushina Formation(ozarkian, lower)Locality.—North slopes of Phillips and Lynx mountains 3 and Bill-ings Butte, Robson Park, British Columbia, Canada.Derivation.—From Chushina glacier.4Character.—Bluish gray, thin-bedded limestones.Thickness.—The base of the formation is placed at the lowestlayer of rock containing the Hungia 6 fauna (locality 6iq), althoughit is highly probable that the upper portion of the Lynx 6 limestonesmay contain a fauna that will include it in the Chushina formation.The upper limit is arbitrarily placed 1500 feet (457.2 m.) abovewhere the shale and thin-bedded limestones give way to massive bedsof limestone forming the main mass of the upper portion of RobsonPeak.Organic remains.—The fauna at Billings Butte includes severalgenera that may be referred to as typically Lower Ozarkian andpost-Cambrian, *". e., Orthoceras, Apatocephalus, Hungia, Symphy-surina.
1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, No. 12, 1913, pp. 336-337.1 Loc. cit., p. 336.
"Loc. cit, pi. 58, fig. 2; pi. 59, fig. 2.
* Loc. cit., pi. 57, fig. 2.! Loc. cit., p. 336.6 Loc. cit., p. 337-
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 459GLACIER LAKE DISTRICTIn a preliminary outline of the Glacier Lake section, 1 which isabout 48 miles (77.2 km.) northwest of Lake Louise Station on theCanadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada, names are proposedfor the following pre-Devonian formations
:
Sarbach Formation(ordovician)Type locality.—Upper gray limestones and shales forming cliffsbeneath the dark Devonian limestone on Mount Sarbach and theeastern and northern ridges of Mounts Outram and Forbes aboveGlacier Lake, which is about 48 miles (77.2 km.) northwest of LakeLouise Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada.Derivation.—From Mount Sarbach (10,700 feet, 3261.3 m.) whichis directly east of the Glacier Lake section.Character.—Thick-bedded 6 inches (15.2 cm.) to 16 inches(40.6 cm.), gray limestones, 700 feet (213.3 m-)> anc^ argillaceousshales with thin, irregular layers of limestone, 420 feet (128 m.).Thickness.—Above Mons Glacier at head of Glacier Lake canyonvalley 1120 feet (341.3 m.), of which the upper 700 feet (213.3 m -)is estimated.Organic remains.—Lower Ordovician (Canadian).Observation.—The Sarbach formation was recognized in the Clear-water section 33 miles (53.1 km.) southeast of Glacier Lake, whereit lias a thickness of 1172 feet (357.2 m.) and a well marked faunaat several horizons.At Fossil Mountain, 18 miles (28.9 km.) southeast of the Clear-water section, the Sarbach has a thickness of 1090 feet (332.2 m.),and at Ranger Canyon in the Sawback Range 21 miles (33.8 km.)southwest of Fossil Mountain there is no trace of the Sarbach, theDevonian being separated from the subjacent Mons formation by afew feet of dark shale of undetermined age.Mons Formation(ozarkian, lower)Type locality.—Alternations of calcareous shale forming steepand ragged slopes near the lower and southeast side of Mons glaciernear the base of a northwest ridge extending down from MountSmithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 72, No. 1, 1920, p. 15.
460 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6j
Forbes. About 48 miles (77.2 km.) northwest of Lake Louise Sta-tion on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada.Derivation.—From Mons Peak, 10,114 ^eet (3082.7 m -)> and MonsGlacier.Character.—Massive beds of calcareous shale with intercalated lay-ers of gray limestone above with a massive-bedded dull gray lime-stone and calcareous shale below.Thickness.—In the Glacier Lake section 1480 feet (451.1 m.),made up of calcareous shale 235 feet (71.6 m.), massive gray lime-stone 740 feet (225.5 m -)> an(l calcareous shale below 505 feet(153.9 m.) thick. Thirty-three miles (53-1 km.) to the southeast, atthe head of the Clearwater River, the Mons has a thickness of 1414feet (430.9 m.), and at Ranger Canyon, 72 miles (115.8 km.) south-east from Glacier Lake, it is 1390 feet (423.6 m.) thick. It is absentin the section of the Rocky Mountains front at Ghost River 24 miles(38.6 km.) east of Ranger Canyon.Organic remains.—A post-Cambrian pre-Ordovician fauna ofLower Ozarkian age.Observations.-—The Mons formation in all known localities isdirectly and, as far as known, conformable superjacent to a series ofmassive layers, 10 inches to 60 inches (25.4 cm. to 152.4 cm.), ofmagnesian limestone averaging over 1000 feet (304.8 m.) in thick-ness of the Upper Cambrian Lyell formation.Lyell Formation(cambrian, upper)Type locality.—Massive-bedded gray and oolitic limestone at headof Glacier Lake canyon valley about 2 miles (3.2 km.) above headof lake and about 48 miles (77.2 km.) northwest of Lake LouiseStation on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada.Derivation.—From Mount Lyell, 11495 feet (3505.6 m.), on theContinental Divide northwest of Glacier Lake. The Southeast Lyellglacier terminates at the head of Glacier Lake canyon valley.Character.—Massive-bedded cliff forming rough weathering mag-nesian limestone forms the upper portion of the formation, withthinner-bedded gray and oolitic limestones beneath.Thickness.—At the type locality in Glacier Lake canyon valley theupper magnesian beds have a thickness of 1270 feet (387.1 m.) sub-jacent to which the thick- and thin-bedded gray limestones extenddown 430 feet (131 m.) a total of 1700 feet ( 5 1 8. 1 m.) for theformation. Thirty-three miles (53.1 km.) to the southeast at the
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORD1LLERAN FORMATIONS 461head of the Clearwater River it has a thickness of over 1700 feet(5 18. 1 m.), and at Ranger Canyon in the Sawback range 72 miles(1 15.8 km.) southeast from Glacier Lake, the great upper limestoneis 1325 feet (403.8 m.) thick and the lower beds 335 feet (102.1 m.).Organic remains.—An Upper Cambrian fauna is fairly well devel-oped in the lower oolitic limestones.Observations.—The Lyell formation corresponds in stratigraphicposition to the Ottertail formation of the Kicking Horse River sec-tion southwest of Field, British Columbia.Sullivan Formation(cambrian, upper)Type locality.—Gray limestone above with arenaceous shale andinterbedded limestone on the north side of Glacier Lake canyon valleyand the south cliffs and slopes of Sullivan Peak about a mile east ofthe foot of Southeast Lyell glacier. Glacier Lake is about 48 miles(77.2 km.) northwest of Lake Louise Station on the Canadian PacificRailway, Alberta, Canada.Derivation.—From Sullivan Peak, 7858 feet (2395 m.).Character.—Hard, gray, rather thin-bedded semicrystalline lime-stone above, with arenaceous shales predominating below. The domi-nant feature is the development of arenaceous shales.Thickness.—At the type locality in Glacier Lake canyon the upperlimestone has a thickness of 325 feet (99 m.). The arenaceous shalesand interbedded limestones continue down for 11 15 feet (339.8 m.),making a total thickness of 1440 feet (438.9 m.).Organic remains.—Upper Cambrian fauna of about the horizonof the Eau Claire formation of the northern Mississippi valley section.Observations.—The Sullivan formation is strongly developed inthe vicinity of Thompson Pass, 33 miles (53.1 km.) northwest ofGlacier Lake, and it is present in part in the Ranger canyon section ofthe Sawback range. Arctomys Formation(cambrian, upper)Type locality.—A bluish-gray laminated limestone superjacent to aseries of siliceous shales on the lower, southern slope of SullivanPeak above Glacier Lake about a mile east of the foot of SoutheastLyell glacier. Glacier Lake is about 48 miles (77.2 km.) northwestof Lake Louise Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta,Canada.
462 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6j
Derivation.—From Arctomys Peak (9162' (2792.5 m.)) which is8 miles (12.8 km.) east-southeast of Mount Lyell, and above the headof Southeast Lyell glacier.Character.—Bluish-gray irregularly laminated cliff-forming lime-stones which are more or less magnesian in some layers. This lime-stone is underlain by a series of arenaceous and silicious shales withbands of hard, finely laminated, dove colored limestone.Thickness.—Upper cliff-forming limestone 520 feet (158.5 m.).The siliceous shales and limestone below have a thickness of 866 feet(263.9 m -) which gives 1386 feet (422.4 m.) for the formation.Organic remains.—The character of the sedimentation appears tohave been unfavorable for the presence and preservation of vegetableand animal life. The few fossils found indicate the Upper Cambrianfauna.Observations.—The Arctomys formation in the Siffleur River sec-tion 25 miles (40.2 km.) east of Glacier Lake has a thickness of 725feet (221 m.) and appears to have been a shallow water and prob-ably a brackish water deposit. It is separated from the subjacentMurchison formation by a great disconformity resulting from thenon-deposition of the Eldon formation, which has a thickness of 2728feet (831.5 m.) on Mount Bosworth, 37 miles (59.5 km.) to the south.Murchison Formation(cambrian, middle)Type locality.—Thin-bedded bluish-black limestones in cliffs onsouthwest side of Siffleur River, 3.5 miles (5.6 km.) from Saskatche-wan River and 40 miles (64.3 km.) north, 12 west, of Lake LouiseStation on the Canadian Pacific Railway, Alberta, Canada.Derivation.—From Mount Murchison, which is about 8 miles(12.9 km.) west of the Siffleur section.Character.—Thin-bedded, hard bluish-black and gray limestones.Thickness.—On the Siffleur the Murchison has a thickness of 497feet (151.5 m.). At Glacier Lake. 220 feet (67.1 m.) of the upperportion of the formation is exposed.Organic remains.—A few Middle Cambrian species of the Stephenfauna.Observations.—The Murchison occupies the stratigraphic positionof the Stephen formation of the Kicking Horse Pass section, but it isnot given that name as the contained fauna is not sufficient to closelyidentify it, and in an area where non-deposition of formations occurs
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 463
on such a great scale, strata separated by an interval of 38 miles(61. 1 km.) may be a portion of some unknown formation or a portiononly of the formation it most nearly resembles in that province.KICKING HORSE CANYONGlenogle Formation(ordovician)Type locality.—Glenogle Creek, Lower Kicking Horse Canyon, alittle east of Glenogle station on the Canadian Pacific Railway, BritishColumbia, Canada. The section of the formation was studied byDr. R. G. McConnell and Dr. John A. Allan * on Glenogle Creek andthe next small creek to the west, both of which flow into the KickingHorse River.Derivation.—From Glenogle station and creek.Character.—Argillaceous and with finely arenaceous shales, black,brown and gray in color and more or less fissile in thick bands.Thickness.—About 1,700 feet (518 m.).Organic remains.—Lower Ordovician graptolites.Beaverfoot Formation(silurian ?)Type locality.—Crests of Beaverfoot Range east of Columbia Rivervalley and south of Canadian Pacific Railway, British Columbia,Canada.Derivation.—From Beaverfoot Range.Character.—Thick-bedded gray dolomites and quartzites, with afew bands of interbedded arenaceous shale.Thickness.—On the northern end of the Beaverfoot Range, 800feet (243.8 m.). To the south it thickens up to 1,850 feet (563.9 m.).Organic remains.—Silurian ? corals.FRONT RANGEGhost River FormationThe type locality is about 51 miles (82.1 km.) west 20 north ofCalgary, Alberta, Canada, in the first small canyon south of GhostRiver canyon and opening on Ghost River as the river bends to the
'Ann. Rept. Geol. Sur. Canada (for 1886) 1887, Pt. D, pp. 22-24 D.Geol. Sur. Can. Memoire No. 55, Geol. Ser. No. 46, 1914, p. 100.
464 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6"/
south. At the Devil's Gap, about 2 miles (3.2 km.) further south-the formation dips westward and disappears 1.75 miles (2.8 km.)east-northeast of the eastern end of Lake Minnewanka.The formation includes 285 feet (86.8 m.) of thin-bedded andshaly, buff colored magnesian limestones lying conformably betweenthe Middle Cambrian limestones beneath (Cathedral formation) andthe superjacent Devonian beds (Intermediate limestone ofMcConnell). They are a very conspicuous formation on the summitof the outer cliffs for many miles along the Rocky Mountains frontfrom the South Fork of Ghost River north to the Red Deer River,and the only representative of 23,960 feet (7,303.0 m.) of strata thatoccurs in the Kicking Horse Pass section, 50 to 60 miles (80.5 tc96.6 km.) to the westward between the Cathedral limestones and theDevonian.The lower layers of the formation rest conformably on the Cathe-dral limestone of the Middle Cambrian, and in fact there is almost agradation between the two except that the gray thin-bedded lime-stones of the Cambrian are not repeated above in the shaly magnesianlimestones. The transition to the dark gray Devonian limestonesabove is abrupt and suggests a somewhat sudden and deep depressionof the sea bed.The interval between the Cambrian and Devonian along the lineof the present Rocky Mountains front was largely one of non-deposition, as the evidence of erosion along the several miles of ex-posure of the contact between the magnesian limestones of the GhostRiver formation and the Cambrian beneath and the Devonian aboveon Ghost River is almost negligible.Fauna.—No fossils or traces of life were seen in or on the rocks ofthis formation. Mount Wilson QuartziteClcanvatcr River.—At the head of the Clearwater River canyon54 miles (86.9 km.) northwest of the Ghost River section, thereare a few layers of quartzite in the interval between the Devonian andthe subjacent Ordovician Sarbach formation. They have a maximumthickness of 24 feet (7.3 m.) and were evidently a thin deposit ofwashed sand spread unevenly over the upper surface of the Sarbachformation.Mount Wilson.—At Mount Wilson on the north side of the Sas-katchewan River and 84 miles (135.2 km.) northwest of the GhostRiver section, a quartzite similar to that at the head of the ClearwaterRiver forms a massive cliff beneath the Devonian and above the Sar-
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 465bach formation. It is not the same lithologic formation as GhostRiver magnesian limestones, but it occupies a similar stratigraphicposition beneath the Devonian, and is a deposit in the Ghost Riverinterval. It is an important stratum at Mount Wilson, where it hasan estimated thickness of over 250 feet (76.2 m.) and it is prominentin the cliffs of Mount Murchison. It is named the Mount Wilsonformation and correlated in stratigraphic position with Ghost Riverformation. No fossils were found in the great piles of quartziteblocks that had fallen from the precipitous cliffs high up on themountain.This quartzite thins gradually northward on the North Fork of theSaskatchewan River until opposite the mouth of Alexandra Riverit is not over 100 feet (30.4 m.) thick, and two miles further north itcan only be distinguished by a few thick layers beneath the darkDevonian limestone.On the south side of Mount Wilson facing the Saskatchewan Riverthe quartzite caps the eastern half of the high cliffs, but it has beenremoved by erosion from the western half. It occurs on the northand west side of Mount Murchison, but it is not as thick as on MountWilson, and it becomes thinner on the northeast side of MountMurchison.As far as known, the Mount Wilson quartzite originally coveredan area with a major axis of about 95 miles (152 km.) in a north-northwest by south-southeast direction, and a minor axis of 6 to 8miles (9.6 to 12.8 km.), as indicated by known outcrops. It wasa deposit of fine white sand in the shallow sea that preceded theDevonian coral reefs and black calcareous silt in which they wereembedded. OCCURRENCE IN SAWBACK RANGEOn Ranger Brook in the heart of the Sawback Range, 24 miles(38.6 km.) west of the Ghost River section, the dark fossiliferous 1Devonian limestones rest with apparent conformity on light graylimestones of the Mons 2 formation of the Lower Ozarkian, and be-neath the latter the Upper Cambrian Lyell 3 and upper portion of theSullivan 4 formations, the section of which is broken by a fault thatbrings the limestones beneath the Sullivan formation against the
1 Noted Stromatopora, Atrypa reticularis (Linn.), and numerous poorly pre-served corals.2 Ante, p. 459.3 Ante, p. 460.4 Ante, p. 461.
466 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6/Devonian. The Mons, Lyell, and Sullivan formations have a com-bined thickness of over 3,000 feet (914.4 m.) and do not occur be-neath the Devonian in the Ghost River section, and the OrdovicianSarbach formation of the Clearwater Canyon section is not presentbetween the Devonian and the Mons formation.Another section on the east slope of Fossil Mountain near BakerLake, 20 miles (32.1 km.) north-northeast of Ranger Canyon sectionand 38 miles (61. 1 km.) west-northwest of Ghost River section, hason the east and south slopes of the mountain a fine outcrop of thelower strata of the Devonian carrying numerous fragments ofStromatopora and corals. Beneath the Devonian there is a series ofthin layers of magnesian limestone with layers of chert one to twoinches (2.5 to 5.0 cm.) thick which may be between the layers or formpart of a layer. They are 35 feet (10.7 m.) in thickness and stronglydelimited from the dark coarse Devonian limestones above and thelight gray relatively soft Ordovician (Sarbach) limestones below bytheir lithological characters, but there is no evidence of a physicalunconformity between them. They correspond in position and partlyin character to the strata of the Ghost River formation and arewithout traces of fossils.EUREKA MINING DISTRICT, NEVADAGoodwin Formation(ozarkian, lower)Type locality.—Goodwin Canyo'n is northeast of the town ofEureka, and heads in the arenaceous and calcareous shales of theDunderberg formation
;
1 it descends over the limestones of thePogonip Formation to where Shadow Canyon unites with it. 2Derivation.—From Goodwin Canyon in the Eureka MiningDistrict.Character.—The argillaceous and fine grained arenaceous shaleof the Dunderberg shale formation with some interbedded calcareousshale pass gradually upward into purer bluish-gray limestones dis-tinctly bedded, which were formerly included in the lower Pogonipformation.Thickness.—In the Eureka District section both Goodwin andShadow canyons cut across the Pogonip limestone which Hague esti-
1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 53, No. 5, 1908, p. 184.2 See Atlas accompanying Geol. Enreka District, Nevada, Monogr. U. S.Geol. Surv., Vol. XX, 1883, Map No. 8.
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS ' 467
mated to be 2,700 feet (822.9 m.) thick east of the Jackson mine. Inthe White Pine District the Pogonip was estimated to have a thick-ness of over 5,000 feet (1.524 m.). The portion of the Pogonip nowreferred to the Goodwin formation is 1,500 feet (457.2 m.) thick.Fauna.—At an horizon about 200 feet (60.9 m.) above the base(locality 201a) : Obolus (Westonia) iphis WalcottLingulella pogonipensis (Walcott)Acrothele sp.Acrotreta idahoensis MeekSchizambon typicalis WalcottEoorthis hamburgensis WalcottSyntrophia nundina WalcottTellinomya ? hamburgensis WalcottAgnostus sp. ?Apatokephalus finalis (Walcott)Hungia eurekensis WalcottHungia flagricauda WhiteHungia hamburgensis WalcottHungia inexpectans WalcottElrathia (?) annectans (Walcott)Calvinella tenuisculptas WalcottPtychostegium cf. hecuba WalcottPtychostegium mccoyi WalcottSymphysurina eurekensis WalcottSymphysurina major Ulrich (Mss.)Symphysurina mesleri Ulrich (Mss.)Symphysurina spicata Ulrich (Mss.)Eurekia sp. undt.The next highest well marked fauna is about 800 feet (243.8 m.)above and contains (locality 203) :Syntrophia nundina WalcottPtychostegium congeneris (Walcott)Hystricurus tuberculatus (Walcott)OZARKIANThis is not the place for a discussion of the Ozarkian system ofUlrich,1 but I wish to briefly outline it in order that the position ofthe Sarceen series (p. 471) within it may be clear. As proposed,Ozarkian included a group of formations occurring in the Ozark
1 Dr. Ulrich is now making a thorough study of the stratigraphy and faunasof the formations included by him in the system, and it is anticipated that allavailable data will soon be in the process of publication.
468 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 67Mountains of Missouri and elsewhere, above the Upper Cambrianand below the Canadian. Some of the sections are as follows
:
1Eastern MissouricanadianDisconformity. OZARKIANGasconade. Feet MetersCherty dolomite 265 80.8Fauna.—Large number of gasteropods, etc.Proctor,Massive bedded dolomite 60 18.3Eminence.Light colored cherty dolomite 200 61.0Fauna.—Gasteropods, cephalopods, trilobites.Disconformity.Potosi.Light gray to dark bluish gray massive dolomite 300 91.4Fauna.—Unknown.Of the above, the Potosi dolomite is referred to theLower Ozarkian. 825 251.5Disconformity.In the southern Appalachians of Central Alabama, Ulrich dis-tinguishes five formations which he includes in the Ozarkian asfollows
:
CANADIANDisconformity. OZARKIANChepultepec. Feet MetersCherty magnesium limestone 1200 365.7Fauna.—Many species of gasteropods and cephalopods.Ulrich states that at least ten of the species occur inthe Gasconade formation in Missouri and a numberin the Oneonta of Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa.Copper Ridge.Cherty dolomite 2000 609.6Fauna.—Fossils rare, mainly Cryptozoans.
1 Data taken from Ulrich, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 22, 191 1, pp. 630-632,and Vol. 24, 1913, p. 51.Dr. Ulrich included the Roubidoux and Jefferson City formations in theOzarkian as published in 191 1. In 1912 he referred the Jefferson City to theMiddle Canadian and the Roubidoux to the Lower Canadian in a paper not yetpublished (Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 24, p. 51), but from which Dr. R. S.Bassler took the data for the Ozarkian-Ordovician correlation published in1915, Bull 92, U. S. National Museum, Vol. 2, 1915, plate 2.
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 469Bibb dolomite. Feet MetersFine grained dolomite 500 152.4Fauna.—Unknown.Ketono dolomite.Gray fine dolomite 6co 182.qFauna.—Unknown.Briarfield dolomite.Silicious blue and gray dolomite 1250 381.0Fauna.—Unknown.Maximum thickness 5550 1691.6Disconformity.The Chepultepec and Copper Ridge formations are referred to theUpper, and the Bibb, Ketono, and Briarfield to the Lower Ozarkian.In the Northern Appalachians the central Pennsylvania sectionincludes
:
OZARKIAN Feet MetersLarke dolomite 250 76.2Fauna.—Unknown.Mines cherty dolomite 250 76.2Gatesburg dolomite 1750 5334A band of bluish black limestone named Ore Hillcontains a large Lower Ozarkian fauna that may becompared with the lower Mons fauna of the Cordilleranarea.Total Ozarkian 2250 685.8The New York section of the Ozarkian is composed of the follow-ing formations
:
Little Falls dolomite (Little Falls) 350 106.7Hoyt limestone with a well-marked fauna (Saratoga) 120 366Theresa dolomite 50 15.2Potsdam sandstone no 33.5630 192.0The fauna of the Hoyt limestone and upper portion of the Potsdamsandstone is comparable with that of the lower Mons of Alberta andthe Madison sandstone of Wisconsin.In the upper Mississippi valley area the Ozarkian is not stronglydeveloped
:
DisconformityOneota dolomiteGreat disconformityMadison sandstoneMendota dolomiteDisconformity
470 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6jUlrich correlates the Oneota dolomite with the Gasconade of Mis-souri and the Madison sandstone with the Hoyt limestone of NewYork. 1Using the correlation table of Ulrich in part as modified by Bassler,and inserting two columns to represent the sections of Alberta andBritish Columbia, the table (fig. 24) presents a broad correlation ofthe Ozarkian system in North America.LOWER OZARKIAN IN ALBERTAAs my field studies progressed in western Alberta, Canada, it becamemore and more evident that there was a well-defined formation be-tween the Upper Cambrian and the pre-Devonian Ghost River intervalthat was characterized by a fauna easily distinguished in its centraland upper portion* from the Upper Cambrian fauna by the presenceof cephalopods, gasteropods and types of trilobites represented in thesucceeding Canadian faunas of the Ordovician. In the lower part ofthe formation the fauna is predominantly Upper Cambrian, but trilo-bites of the genera Megalaspis, Niobe ?, Asaphellus, Hungia, Symphy-surina, midway of the Mons Formation strongly foreshadow thechange to the Ordovician fauna, and the change in sedimentation alsoaids in drawing a line of demarcation between the massive Lyell lime-stones of the Upper Cambrian, and the shales and thin-bedded lime-stones of the Mons formation of the Lower Ozarkian.In the Glacier Lake section the Mons formation has a thickness of1480 feet (451. 1 m.) of which the lower 505 feet (153.9 m.) is com-posed of shales and thin-bedded limestones. Below the shales thethick-bedded limestones of the Lyell formation extend down for1,270 feet (387 m.) forming a bold ridge terminating in high cliffs.Thirty-eight miles (61.1 km.) to the southeast of Glacier Lake atthe head of the Clearwater River canyon the Mons formation hasa thickness of 1,414 feet (430.9 m.) with shales and thin-beddedlimestones in the lower portion. Below there is a series of massive-bedded magnesian limestones 910 feet (277.3 m -) m thickness of theLyell formation: Forty miles (64.3 km.) southeast of the Clearwatersection in the Ranger canyon section of the Sawback range, the Monsformation is directly beneath the Devonian limestones and has a thick-ness of 1,390 feet (423.6 m.) and a bed of thin layers of shaly lime-stone and shale form the lower portion of the formation. This isunderlain by a series of thick-bedded arenaceous and magnesian lime-stones of the Lyell formation with a thickness of 1,325 feet
1 See Ulrich, Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 22, 191 1, pp. 627-647.


C A i: B R I A E - : A R Z I A E - R I) V I C IA t! CORRELATION TABLE.

NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 4/1(403.8 m.). About 132 miles (212.4 km.) north of the Glacier Lakesection at Mount Robson the Chushina formation has an arbitrarilyassigned thickness of 1,500 feet (457.2 m.), but neither the uppernor lower limits have been determined.The fauna of the Billings Butte beds of this formation 'may be com-pared to that of the lower portion of the Mons formation, but it willbe necessary to make a detailed study of the section before a closecomparison can be made between the Mons and the Chushina as myreconnaissance of 191 2 did not take in the details of the formationsabove the Middle Cambrian. 1In the Kicking Horse Pass and River section the Mons formationhas not been recognized, but its stratigraphic equivalent is indicatedby the fauna in the lower portion of the Goodsir formation, whichincludes
:
Obolus mollisonensis WalcottLingulella moosensis WalcottLingulella sp. undt.Agnostus sp.Agnostus sp.Moosia degener WalcottMoosia grandis WalcottSodalitia canadensis WalcottSodalitia allani WalcottIn the absence of fossils from other horizons in the Goodsir, andas the formation is practically a lithologic unit, I am placing the entireseries in the Ozarkian. See notes under Mons, Chushina, and Good-win in this paper. SARCEENThis term is proposed as a series name to include the various for-mations referred to the Lower Ozarkian on the North Americancontinent. The type formation is the Mons, which occurs in theRocky Mountains of western Alberta, Canada (ante, p. 459). Thecorrelated formations in the Cordilleran trough of the Rocky Moun-tains are Chushina (ante, p. 458) on the north ; Goodsir, at least inpart, on the south in Canada ; in the United States the St. Charlesformation of Idaho and Utah ; the Red Lion formation of Montana
;
the Goodwin formation (ante, p. 466) of Nevada, and the NotchPeak formation of Utah.On the eastern side of the continent the most typical formations arethe Potsdam sandstone and Hoyt limestones of New York and west-ern Vermont ; the Gatesburg dolomite of central Pennsylvania, and
1 Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 57, No. 12, 1913, pp. 336-337.
4/2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6j
the " Potosi," Ketona, Briarfield of Alabama. In the interior regionthe Wilberns formation of Texas; the Potosi formation of Missouri,and the Mendota, Madison and Devils Lake of Wisconsin.Derivation.—From the Sarcee Indian tribe, which ranged in west-ern Alberta north of the Blackfeet (Siksika) tribe and hunted upthe river valleys to the Continental Divide.Thickness.—In the Canadian Cordilleran region from 1,480 feet(45 1. 1 m.) Mons to 6,040 feet (1,841.0 m.) Goodsir. In northernUtah, 1,311 feet (399.6 m.) St. Charles. In central Nevada 1,500feet (451 m.) Goodwin formation.In the Appalachian trough from 2,500 feet (762.0 m.) in Alabamato 350 feet (106.7 m m New York.The Lower Ozarkian in Missouri is represented in part by thePotosi dolomite which is about 300 feet (914 m.) thick.Organic remains.—The fauna of the Mons formation of Albertais large and varied. The following genera and species occur in thelimestones 18 feet (5.5 m.) below the summit of the formation(locality 64p) : Eoorthis cf. wichitaensis WalcottSyntrophia isis WalcottOphileta leo WalcottEccyliomphalus josephus WalcottEccyliomphalus labeo WalcottBucaniella lelex WalcottRaphistoma melius WalcottLophospira laodice WalcottHormotoma lamus WalcottStraparollina isades WalcottOrthoceras longus WalcottOrthoceras robsonensis WalcottPtychostegium fulvia WalcottPtychostegium victori WalcottAt a lower zone, 60 feet (18.2 m.) below the summit of the forma-tion the collection included (locality 66u) :Lingulella sp. undt.SyntrophiaEoorthisCtenodonta ? lucan WalcottPlatyceras lais WalcottMegalaspis ? eucerus WalcottMegalaspis ? sp. undt.Maryvillia galeria WalcottNear the base of the Mons formation in the Glacier Lake sectionthe following species occur (localities 64L 64n) :Cystid (fragment)Eoorthis sp. undt.
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 473Huenella sp. undt.Scenella ?Ptychaspis eurydice WalcottElvinia phyllus WalcottSaukia ? glaucus WalcottObolus cf. leda Walcott 6411Blountia sp. undt. 640Saukia splendens Walcott 6411In the Clearwater canyon section 33 miles (53.1 km.) east-southeastof the Glacier Lake section, the following genera and species occur288 feet (87.7 m.) above the base of the Mons (locality 65y) :Obolus sp. undt. (fragments)Lingulella cf manticula WhiteEoorthis iones WalcottAgnostus sp.Modocia ibicus WalcottHungia rlacilla WalcottSymphysurina eugenius WalcottAcrocephalites gentius WalcottNiobe ? nonius WalcottNiobe ? phormis WalcottAbout 100 feet (30.4 m.) from the base (locality 65W) :Cystid (plates)Eoorthis iones WalcottStraparollina sp. undt.Irvingella ? undt.Niobe ? echides WalcottAmphion ? ? sp. undt.Symphysurina entellus WalcottRogeria ? ephorus WalcottAsaphellus euclides WalcottIn the Robson Peak section the lower fauna of the Chushina for-mation corresponds in a general way to the lower fauna of the Monsformation (locality 61 q) :Lingulella cf. desiderata WalcottLingulella ibicus WalcottObolus ino WalcottAcrotreta cf. idahoensis WalcottAcrotreta cf. sagittalis SalterEoorthis cf. desmopleura (Meek)Eoorthis cf. wichitaensis WalcottStraparollus ? lavinia WalcottBellerophon ? lavassa WalcottCyrtolites meles WalcottOrthoceras robsonensis WalcottAgnostus sp. undt.
474 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6?Menomonia gyges WalcottBlountia galba WalcottCyrtometopus ? sp. undt.Moxomia hecuba WalcottHystricurus gallus WalcottHystricurus bituberculatus (Walcott)Apatocephalus broggeri WalcottApatocephalus fronto WalcottHungia articauda WalcottHungia billingsi WalcottHungia flacilla WalcottHungia laxicauda WalcottHungia striata WalcottHungia flagricauda (White)Ptychostegium amplum WalcottPtychostegium robsonensis WalcottPtychostegium robsonensis valaltum WalcottPtychostegium canadensis WalcottPtychostegium spinosum WalcottSymphysurina spicata augusta WalcottSymphysurina canadensis WalcottSymphysurina lynxensis WalcottSymphysurina spicata major WalcottSymphysurina numitor WalcottSymphysurina perola WalcottSymphysurina spicata WalcottThe St. Charles formation of northern Utah has a large and variedfauna. The upper zone includes (locality 185Z) :Eoorthis cf. desmopleura (Meek)Syntrophia sp. ?Ctenodonta cf. lucan WalcottBucaniella ? isades WalcottBucaniella ? leos WalcottEccyliomphalus lacidos WalcottStraparollina milo WalcottOphileta leo WalcottRaphistoma menos WalcottOrthoceras utahensis WalcottEndoceras sp.Hystricurus sp. undt.Blountia sp. undt.Asaphus ? sp. undt.Ptychostegium idahoensis WalcottAbout 75 feet (22.8 m.) below the following species occur(locality 54b) : Lingulella manticula (White)Billingsella coloradoensis MeekSyntrophia nundina WalcottHungia hera Walcott
NO. 8 CAMBRIAN CORDILLERAN FORMATIONS 475Some 1,200 feet (365.8 m.) from the top, near the base of theSt. Charles, the fauna has a very strong Upper Cambrian character(locality 4y) : Obolus wortheni WalcottLingulella desiderata WalcottAcrotreta idahoensis WalcottAcrotreta idahoensis sulcata WalcottBillingsella coloradoensis MeekAgnostus aAgnostus bSaukia marica Walcott (5411)Saukia oneidaensis WalcottElrathia lycus Walcott (5411)Elrathia sp. (54t)Taenicephalus lycoria WalcottTaenicephalus mutia Walcott (5a)Maladia americana WalcottIdahoia sp. undt. (5a)Idahoia serapio WalcottIdahoia licinia WalcottAnomocare sp. undt. (S4u)Anomocarella lucius WalcottAnomocarella macar WalcottAnomocarella sp. undt.Wilbernia fronto Walcott (5e)Wilbernia (Ulmia) martha WalcottIn the Eureka District section of central Nevada, the Goodwin for-mation (=lower 1,500 feet (457.2 m.) of the Pogonip formation ofthe Fortieth Parallel Survey) carries a fauna which is partiallylisted under the description of the Goodwin formation (ante. p. 466).Observations.—The preceding tentative faunal lists are given inorder that the student may have some conception of the fauna char-acteristic of the Sarceen or Lower Ozarkian series in the Cordilleranarea. It is now planned to publish illustrations and notes on thefauna in 1923.The Sarceen series may be compared with the Tremadoc series ofEurope ; both the Tremadoc and Sarceen series of formations areabove the typical Upper Cambrian and beneath the Ordovician ; bothseries are well defined stratigraphically and by their contained faunas.The term Sarceen if generally accepted will replace the term Sara-togan as used by Ulrich,1 who used it to include the formations ofthe Lower Ozarkian. Walcott 2 proposed Saratogan as a group term
1 Bull. Geol. Soc. America, Vol. 22, 191 1, pp. 332-3, 338.1 Jour. Geol., Vol. 11, 1903, pp. 318-319.
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to include the Upper Cambrian formations, as at the time he consid-ered the Potsdam sandstone and Hoyt limestone of the SaratogaNew York section to belong to the Upper Cambrian. With the refer-ence of these formations to the Ozarkian and the fact that noUpper Cambrian formation occurs at or near Saratoga, the name isnot appropriate for the Upper Cambrian series of formations.It is not improbable that as the faunas are more thoroughly studiedby Dr. E. O. Ulrich, a middle division of the Ozarkian will be estab-lished to include the Eminence and related formations.