PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM by the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUMVoL 108 Washington : 1959 No. 3409SCARAB BEETLES OF THE GENUS BOTHYNUS IN THE UNITEDSTATES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)' By O. L. Cartwright Since CoL Thomas Casey's (1915) study of the scarab beetles of thegenus Bothynus, which he placed in Ligyrus and Ligyrodes, the numberof species has varied from the 31 he accepted to only six speciesaccepted by L. W. Baylor in 1946. Casey described species based onminor variations, while Baylor's lumping of so many together underthe name Ligyrus gihhosus (DeGeer) was based on obvious but super-ficial similarities. I agree that all of Casey's species ai'e synonyms,but I do not agree with Baylor's placing of them. Two of the Le-Conte species which Baylor placed in synonym}^ are perfectly valid.I have examined the Casey types in the U. B. National Museum andthe LeConte types in the IVIuseum of Comparative Zoology at HarvardCollege. After studying several thousand specimens, my conclusionsregarding the species discussed by Dr. LeConte almost exactly 100years ago are practically identical with the opinions expressed by him.The few species found since Dr. LeConte's day bring the total Irecognize from the United Btates to nine species and one subspecies.In the following account, changes in the nomenclatm-e of the gi-oupare discussed, a key is presented for separation of the species, and foreach species arc given the synon}Tns, a complete description, a figureof the male genitalia, location of the type, number of specimens I This study was supported in part by a research grant from American Philosophical Socit'ty, PenroseFund No. 2057. 515 516 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. i08 examined, and a map showing the distribution in the United States.Many specimens were borrowed from other museums and privatecollections to supplement the material in the United States NationalMuseum. I thank sincerely the following who made such loans:(from museum collections) E. B. Britton, British Museum (NaturalHistory); A. E. Brower, State of Maine Forest Service; W. J. Brown,Canadian Department of Agricultm-e; M. A. Cazier, AmericanMuseum of Natural History; Leland Chandler and J. V. Osmun,Purdue University; E. A. Cliapin, Museum of Comparative Zoology;Henry Dietrich, Cornell University; S. W. Frost, Pennsylvania StateUniversity; Walter B. Jones, Geological Survey of Alabama; RalphDury, Cincinnati Museum of Natm-al History; J, N, Knidl, OhioState University; Hugh B. Leech, California Academy of Sciences;H. O. Lund, University of Georgia; Rene Malaise, NaturhistoriskaRiksmuseum; Frances McAlister, Clemson College; A. T. McClay,University of California (Davis, Calif.); H. E. Millhon, University ofDelaware; W. D. Newsom, University of Louisiana; L. W. Quate,University of Nebraska; H. J. Reinhard, Agricultural and MechanicalCollege of Texas; M. W. Sanderson, Illinois Natural History Survey;H. C. Severin, University of South Dakota; A. N. Tissot, FloridaAgricultural Experiment Station; H. V. Weems, Jr., Florida StatePlant Board; F. G. Werner, University of Arizona; D. L. Wray,North Carolina Department of Agricultm-e; (from private collections)L. J. Bottimer, J. F. Brimley, H. L. Dozier, H. F. Howden, GayleNelson, F. H. Parker, William Rosenberg, and R. B. Selander.I am especially grateful to Dr. Rene Malaise of the Riksmuseum inStockholm, to Dr. Bengt-Olof Landin, Universitetets ZoologiskaInstitution, Lund, and to Dr. E. B. Britton of the British Museum(Natural History) for invaluable help in checking type specimens intheir respective museums.Genus Bothynus Hope, 1837Boihynus Hope, 1837, p. 95.?Burmcister, 1847, p. 115.?LeConte, 1847, p. 86.?Lacordaire, 1856, p. 413.?Prell, 1936, p. 146.Ligrjrus Burmeister, 1847, p. 542.?Casey, 1915, p. 178.?Arrow, 1937, p. 36.?Saylor, 1946, p. 41.Tomarus Erichson, 1847, p. 95.Ligyrodes Casey, 1915, p. 178.Euligyrus Casey, 1915, p. 185.Orylius Casey, 1915, p. 189.Anagrylius Casey, 1915, p. 204.Ligyrellus Casey, 1915, p. 206.Type of genus: Geotrupes cuniculus Fabricius.The genus Bothynus was erected by the Rev. F. W. Hope in 1837for two species, Geotrupes cuniculus Fabricius and Scarabaeus ascanius SCARAB BEETLES?CARTWRIGHT 517Kirby. He specifically designated Geotrupes cuniculus as type of thegenus, gave a description, but did not mention a type locality. Casey(1915) designated Cortjnoscelis quadridens Taschenberg as type of thegenus, overlooking Hope's previous designation.Burmeister (1847) was unable to place G. cuniculus Fabricius butthought it was likely a small Podalgus.Lacordau'e (1856) stated that Hope had made Geotrupes cuniculusFabricius the type of Bothynus but said the species coidd not be deter-mined, that he did not recognize it any more than did Bm'meister, andsuggested S. ascamus Kirby as the type of the genus.Bates (1888) did not mention cuniculus Fabricius in either Geotrupesor Bothynus but placed iumulosus Burmeister (a synonym) in Ligyrus.Prell (1936) noted that Hope had designated Geotrupes cuniculusFabricius as type of the genus Bothynus and that the Fabrician specieswas identical with Ligyrus tumulosus Burmeister. However, he statedthat Hope's description of the genus Bothynus did not fit this species,that Hope very evidently had before him a species from the groupwhich is limited in distribution to the Continent and which wasdesignated by Burmeister as Podalgus (or ScatopJi,ilus). Prell thendecided that B. cuniculus Hope, 1837 (not Fabricius 1801), was anundescribed species, the name Bothynus Hope, 1837, lost its validity,and that Bothymis Burmeister, 1847, with the type species Geotrupesmedon Germar, 1824 (= i?. ascanius Burmeister, 1847, nee Kirby,1818), took its place.Even though Hope described in his genus Bothynus a species whichhe mistakenly thought was cuniculus Fabricius, and which in realitywas therefore without a valid name, perhaps not even congeneric withcuniculus Fabricius, he nevertheless first specifically stated the typeof Bothynus to be Geotrupes cuniculus Fabricius, and I accept thatspecies as the type. It might be pointed out that it is generally agreedthe designation of a species as type of a genus is not to be rejected onthe ground that the original author of the generic name misidentifiedthat species.Since Bothynus cuniculus (Fabricius) is congeneric with Ligyrusgibbosus (DeGeer), type of the geims Ligyrus, all of our species ofLigyrus should be placed in Bothynus. The name Scatophilus Bur-meister, 1847, remains available for those species recently assigned toBothynus. Lectotype DesignationsTwo specimens in the original Fabricius collection in the KielMuseum in Kiel, Germany, were examined for me by Dr. Bengt-OlofLaridin, and the male bearing an old label, "cuniculus," written in anold handwriting, probably FabriciiLs' own, was selected to be desig-nated lectotype of the species. Dr. Landin has attached the following 518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. io8label, "Lectotypus Geotrupes cuniculus Fabr. Design. 1957 B.-O.Landin." He states that the lectotype is "comparatively well pre-served: both antennae, and left meso- and metatarses are unbroken."He provided sketches of the clypeal teeth, foretibia, tip of the pro-sternal process and the male genitalia. A male from St. Croix, VhginIslands, sent for comparison with the type, was retm'ned with Dr.Landin's statement that it agreed completely with the lectotype.Dr. Britton informs me that lectotypcs have not been officiallychosen for the Bates species, Ligyrus sallaei, L. laevicollis, and L.latifovea, but that a specimen in each series bears the name label inBates' handwriting, also a red "Type" label, and that these have beenunofficial lectotypes for many years. I select these specimens aslectotypes. Sex and localities for these lectotypes as given on thelabels are as follo^vs: sallaei: (?, Almolonga, Mexico. (Hoge.)laevicollis: d*, Acapulco, Guerrero. (Hoge.)latifovea: 9 , Teapa, Mexico. Salle Collection.Classification and MorpholootThe genus Ligyrus, here considered as a synonym of the trueBothynus, was placed by Casey in the tribe Pentodontini of the sub-family Dynastinae. Arrow (1937) placed the genus in the tribeOryctini, with all of Casey's genera listed above as subgenera.The species agree in the following characters: labial palpi insertedat the sides of the menturn which is narrowed in front; mandiblesprominent and toothed externally; head with a strong transversecarina, sometimes reduced to two widely spaced tubercles; clypeusmore or less triangular, reflexed, with two erect teeth at apex; prono-tum frequently with an apical tubercle and anterior depression; elytrawith four pail's of oblique geminate striae, stridulating organs on innersurface; the claws equal except on fore tarsi in males of a few species,anterior tarsi not elongate in male; the anterior coxae transverse, notprominent; posterior tibiae expanded apically, more or less truncateand ciliate; aedeagi usually distinct but similar in structure.The genus is American, ranging from Canada to Argentina andChile. Arrow listed 52 species in the Junk catalog, but included 24of the Case}^ species here considered synonyms. Probably 40 or morespecies are to be found throughout the Western Hemisphere.A few species are of economic importance. Bothynus gibbosus(DeGeer) is known as the carrot beetle in economic literature. Var-ious species have been recorded as attacking carrot, celery, parsnip,beet, potato, cabbage, com, cotton, sunflower, dahlia, amaranthus,and other crops and weeds. SCARAB BEETLES CARTWRIGHT 519 Figure 1.?Distribution in the United States of: Bothynus gibbosus gibbosus (DeGeer)(?); B. g. obsoletus LeConte (H); and intermediates of the two (X).The species inhabiting the United States and Canada supei-ficiallyare of two forms, the large, dark colored, more elongate species typifiedby relictus (Say), and the smaller, shorter, reddish brown speciesclosely allied to gibbosus (DeGeer). Intermediate forms occm* in(Central and South America. Several subgenera may be representedbut their limits cannot be defined until a more complete revision of Figure 2.?Distribution of Bothynus neglectus LeConte in the United States. 520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM Figure 3.?Distribution in the United States of: Boihynus relictus (Say) (?); B. subtropicus(Blatchley) (); B. sallaei (Bates) (A); B. selanderi Cartwright (*).the entire group is undertaken. The gibbosus group is usually mixedand partly misidentified in most collections. Oxygrylius ruginasus(LeConte) and 0. peninsularis Casey with similar color, form, punc-tures, pronotal impression, and denticle are frequently included aswell. Oxygrylius, however, is easily separated from Bothynus by theclj''peus being produced medially to a single, sharp, upturned tooth,while Bothynus always ends anteriorly in two teeth or denticles. Figure 4.?Distribution of Boihynus morio LeConte in the United States. SCARAB BEETLES?CARTWRIGHT 521Key to species of Bolhynus of the United StatesApex of prosternal process behind anterior coxae completely hairy; smallerspecies usually less than 18 mm. in length 2Apex of prosternal process at least partly nude; larger species usually morethan 18 mm. in length 5Outer anterior face of fore tibia smooth adjacent to longitudinal row of coarsesetigerous punctures (fig. 6/) 3Outer anterior face of fore tibia closely, finely to roughly punctulate adjacentto longitudinal row of coarse setigerous punctures (fig. 6e) 4Punctures of pronotum and elytra very coarse; habitus as in gibbosus(DeGeer); coastal plain; North Carohna to Louisiana. ncglectus LeContePunctures of pronotum and elytra fine to very moderate; habitus slightly moreelongate; found in sandy areas of seacoast; Massachusetts to Texas.morio LeConteHind tibia short and wide, length of inside edge usually less than twice as longas apical width; first segment of posterior tarsus apically noticeably widenedlaterally, the width often more than the length of the 2d segment; punc-tures of elytra not so noticeably annular, closer and smaller, more nearlyuniform near margin around apical third; pronotum noticeably convexbelow lateral margins; larger than typical gibbosus; usually west of RockyMts gibbosus obsoletus LeConteHind tibia longer and not so wide, length of inside edge more than twice theapical width; first segment of posterior tarsus with sides nearly straight,not wider than length of 2d segment; elytral punctures usually distinctlyannular; pronotum not noticeably convex below lateral margin; east of theRocky Mts gibbosus gibbosus (DeGeer)Pronotum without apical impression; male anterior claw joint swollen, theanterior claw broad and abruptly bent at base 6Pronotum with at least a small apical impression; male anterior claw and itsjoint normal .... 7Anterior tibia normal, only three large teeth; pygidium m^abriculate andclosely, finely to moderately punctate at base and sides; middle and north-eastern United States, eastern Canada relictus (Say)Anterior tibia with an additional small but distinct tooth between the 2d and3d large teeth; pygidium moderately coarsely punctate, the puncturesevenly scattered throughout, a very little scabriculate sculpture at extremebase; southern Texas sallaci (Bates)Frontal carina widely interrupted at middle and joining lateral carina at sides;clypeal teeth widely separated; size moderate, 14 to 20 mm.; tip of Floridaand West Indies cuniculus (Fabricius)Frontal carina interrupted but not reaching sides, or reduced to two widelyseparated, conical tubercles; clypeal teeth usually separated by less thantheir basal width; size large, 24 to 29 mm 8First wide elytral interval outside sutural stria smooth and shining, rarelywith fine punctures but always without the coarse punctures found on thenext two intervals lacvicollis (Bates)First wide interval with coarse punctures as found on next two 9 522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MXTSEUM vol. los 9. Coarse punctures of all elytral intervals similar, shallow and indistinct to mod-erately deep; apex of prosternal process divided by a distinct groove, theanterior part nude, smooth and convex, the posterior part hairy; frontalrugae appearing as sharply delimited ridges on a flat surface; Arizona,Mexico selanderi, new speciesCoarse punctures of all elytral intervals deep and distinct; prosternal processnot divided, the nude apex with uneven surface, the long coarse hairs in-vading the nude area from back and sides; frontal rugae sharply delimitedonly on posterior side, not delimited anteriorly; North Carolina to Floridato Alabama subtropicus (Blatchley)Bothynus gibbosiis gibbosus (DeGeer)Srarabaeus gibbosus DeGeer, 1774, p. 322.Geotrupes jiivencus Fabricius, 1775, p. 32.Podalgus variolosus Burmcister, 1847, p. 121.Podalgus juvencus Burmeister, 1847, p. 121.Ligyrus juvencus Burmeister, 1847, p. 542.Ligyrus gibbosus LeConte, 1856, p. 20.Ligyrus parallehis Casey, 1915, p. 194.Ligyrus puncticauda Casey, 1915, p. 195.Ligyrus texanus Casey, 1915, p. 195.Ligyrus breviusculus Casey, 1915, p. 196.Ligyrus lacustris Casey, 1915, p. 196.Ligyrus laticauda Casey, 1915, p. 197.Ligyrus laetulus Casey, 1915, p. 197.Ligyrus bicorniculaius Casey, 1915, p. 198.Ligyrus rubidus Casey, 1915, p. 198.Ligyrus curlipennis Casey, 1915, p. 199.Ligyrus lucublandus Casey, 1915, p. 199.Ligyrus farctus Casey, 1915, p. 200.Length 10 to 17 mm., width 6 to 11 mm. Oblong-oval, convex,shining, reddish brown. Clypeus apically bidcntate, the teeth sep-arated by their basal width, surface finely rugiilose, a few coarseshallow punctures along edge of the frontal carina which is thin,sometimes feebly sinuate at middle and not reaching sides. Frontrugose anteriorly, a few coarse punctures above the eyes and acrossthe middle, base otherwise smooth. Pronotum convex, anteriorangles acute, a httle less than right angled, posterior angles rounded,sides finely margined, subparallel over basal half, strongly" converg-ing anteriorly, base not margined, sinuate, anterior median tuberclemoderate, the depression or pit behind it moderately deep and dis-tinct, its length from one-fourth to one-third the thoracic length,surface moderately coarsely punctate throughout, the punctures sep-arated by from one to three times their diametei-s, those near and inthe anterior depression slightly smaller. Scutellum smooth or witha few punctures. Elytra a little longer than wide, about twice aslong as the pronotum; very fine punctures scattered throughout andmixed with coarse, deep and usually distinctly annular punctures, SCARAB BEETLES CARTWRIGHT 523the annular punctures of the oblique geminate striae mostly sejjaratedby their diameter or less, those of the intervals about as close at thesides but less so on the disc, coarse punctures finer and closer pos-teriorly. Pygidium quite close!}', finely to veiy moderately punctatethroughout, the punctures separated generally b}' one to three timestheir diameters, sometimes less closely at apex, laterally finer andcloser in tlie corners, at times almost scabriculate. Undersurfacequite hairy, the strong prosternal process behind the front coxae com-pletely so. Anterior tibia closely, finely, confusedly punctate justoutside the longitudinal row of coarse setigerous punctures. Apex ofhind tibia moderately flaring, its width less than half the length of tlietibia measured along the inner edge. First segment of the posteriortarsus usually very little produced laterally, its apical width less thanthe length of the second segment. Aedeagus as in figure 56.Type: Probably lost. Through the kindness of Dr. Rene Malaise,the specimen puiported to be the type of Scarabaevs gibbosus in theDeGeer collection in the Riksmuseum, Stockiiolm, was loaned to mefor study. To my surprise I found it to be a specimen of Cyclocephala.This specimen could not possibly have been the type of Scarabaeusgibbosus DeGeer since it does not agree with the original descriptionor the plate showing a rather poor drawing of the species. It doesnot liave the anterior pronotal depression or pit mentioned in theoriginal description and clearly indicated in the drawing. Further,it does not agree in size, color, or morphological characters as givenin the original description. Dr. Malaise states there is no otherspecimen remaining in the DeGeer collection which could liave beenthe type. The type of Scarabaeus gibbosus DeGeer must thereforebe considered lost or destroyed.Type locality: Pennsylvania.Specimens examined: 2,700.Distribution: Typical gibbosus probably occurs in all States eastof the Rocky Mountains except Florida and possibly Vermont, NewHampshire, and Maine. See map, figure 1.CANADA: Alberta: Wimborne. Ontario: Chatham, Essex Co., PointPelee, Port Rowan. UNITED STATES: Alabama: Auburn, Birmingham,Decatur, 5 miles northeast of Eutaw (Green Co.), Florence, Mobile, Monrocville,Noccalula, Opelika, Selma, The Sinks (Bibb Co.), Tuscaloosa, Wadley. Ari-zona: Portal, 6 miles southeast of Wilcox. Arkansas: Batesville, Boone, Boone-ville, Bentonville, Brinkley, Chicot Co., Cottonplant, Fayetteville, Hope, Imbo-den, Jonesboro, Marianna, Stuttgart, Washington Co. Colorado: Denver,Canon City, Fort Morgan (Morgan Co.), Golden, Kersay, Lamar, liittleton, MillGulch, Pueblo, Rocky Ford, Roggen, Two Buttes. Delaware: Bridgeville,Middleton, Newark, southern Delaware. District of Columbia. Georgia:Athens, ]3arnesvillc, Clarke Co., Cornelia, Danielsville, Eaton ton, Experiment,Gainesville, Ilartwell, Leesburg, McRac, Prattsburg, Spalding Co., Sylvania(Screven Co.), Town Co., Umatilla, Wellston, Wenona. Idaho: Pocatello. Illi-472591?59 2 524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voi,. i08NOis: Anna, Cairo, Carbondale, Champaign, Chester, Chicago, Danville, Decatur,Dixon Springs, Elizabethtown, Golconda, Harrisburg, Havana, Henry, Heyworth,Hillview, Industry, Kampsville, Knox Co., Metropolis, Mt. Carmel, Mt. Vernon,Normal, Peoria, Pittsfield, Pontiac, Putnam Co., Quincey, Taylorville, Urbana,West Frankfort. Indiana: Bluff, Clark Co., Henryville, Indianapolis, Lafayette,Lake Co., Madison, Marion Co., Miller, North Judson, Orleans, Posey Co., SpencerCo., Terre Haute, Vigo Co. Iowa: Ames, Cedar Rapids, Dennison (Crawford Co.),Independence, Iowa City, Keokuk, Mt. Pleasant, Missouri Valley, Muscatine,Sioux City. Kansas: Atchison, Clay Co., Douglas Co., Ford Co., Franklin Co.,Garden City, liakin, La Crosse, Lawrenc9,Newton, Reno Co., Scott City, Sylvia,Topeka, Wellington, Wichita. Kentucky: Dunmor, Fordville. Louisiana:Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Berwick, Covington, Franklin, Gueden, Leesville,Morgan City, Nacogdoches, North Iberia, Oliver, Orange, Ruston, Sunset. Mary-land: Baltimore, Cabin John, College Park, Edgewood, Glen Echo, Hagerstown,Hyattsville, Kenwood Beach, Plum Point. Massachusetts: West Springfield.Michigan: Ann Arbor, Base Line Lake, Charity Island, Dearborn, Delhi (Wash-tenaw Co.), Harbert Dunes (Berrien Co.), Iosco Co., Ithaca, Livingston, MacombCo., Midland Co., Mt. Clemens, Osceola Co., Pontwater, Rochester (OaklandCo.), Sawyer Dunes (Berrien Co.), Stevensville (Berrien Co.), Sturgis, Sumner,Van Buren Co., Whitmore Lake. Minnesota: Anoka Co., Big Lake, St. Paul.Mississippi: Greenwood, Jackson, Lafayette Co., liUcedale, Natchez. Mis-souri: Booneville, Charleston, Columbia, Concordia, Kimmswick, Lathrop,Louisiana, Overland, Rankin, Richmond, RoUa, St. Louis, Webster Groves,Williamsville. Nebraska: Ainsworth, Alliance, Ansley, Antioch (Sheridan Co.),Bradshaw, Broken Bow, Cohmibus, David City, Fairbury, Fairmont, Halsey,Holdrege, Lincoln, Marquette, Mackell (Dixon Co.), McCook, Mindon, Mitchell,Neligh, Norfolk, Ogallala, Omaha, O'Neill, Plainvicw, Ravenna, St. Edwards,Scottsbluff, Valentino, York. New Jersey: Atlantic City, Boonton, HaddenHeights, Jackson Mills, Lakehurst, Newark, Palmyra, Paterson, Rancocas Park,Somerset Co., Wildwood. New Mexico: Deraing, Grants, Hot Springs-LasVegas. New York: Babylon, Brooklyn, Long Beach, Montauk, Nepeague,Rock Beach, Rosedale. North Carolina: Brunswick Co., Carthage, ColumbusCo., Durham, Fayetteville, Flat Rock, Goldsboro, Hendersonville, Hickey, Julian,Maxton, Morganton, Raleigh, Rica Square, Rocky Mount, Southern Pines,Statesville, Swain Co., Tewaceia, Tryon, Washington, Wendell, Whiteville,Wilson, Zebulon. Ohio: Ashtabula, Cedar Point, Cincinnati, Columbus. Okla-homa: Bartlesvillo, Catoosa, Claremore, Comanche Co., Durant, Enid, Erick,Kenton (Cimarron Co.), La Verne (Harper Co.), Lawton, Muskogee, Okmulgee,Osage Co., South McAlister, Springfield, Stillwater, Texas Co., Tulsa. Penn-sylvania: Conshohocken, Gettysburg, Kennett Square, Lewisburg, Mt. Alto,Overbrook, Philadelphia, Reading, West Grove, York. Rhode Island: Provi-dence. South Carolina: Aiken, Antreville, Batesburg, Bennetsville, Camden,Chester, Clemson, Columbia, Florence, Greenwood, Meredith, Monck's Corner,Pendleton, Sumter. South Dakota: Beresford, Britton, Brookings, Chamber-lain, Claremont, Elk Point, Gregory, Hecla, Henry, llighmore. Hot Springs,Huron, Martin, Mobridge, Murdo, Pine Ridge, Pukwanna, Rapid City, Tyndall,Vermillion, Vernon, Winner. Tennessee: Athens, Burrville, Chattanooga,Dyersburg, Greenville, East Ridge, Jackson, Knoxvillo, McMinnville, Nashville,Sevierville. Texas: Amarillo, Barstow (Ward Co.), Brazos Co., Canadian,Canyon, Carthage, Childress, Chillicothe, College Station, Conroe, Corpus Christi,Dalhart, Dallas, Dickinson, Dimmit Co., Ellen, Fort Stockton, Fort Worth,Friona, Hereford, Hidalgo Co., Hopkins Co., Kerrville, Kingsville, Kirbyville,liaredo, Lufkin, Merit, Palo Doro State Park, Paris, Plainview, Ranger, Rusk, SCARAB BEETLES?CARTWRIGHT 525 Siui Diego, Sniiih Co., Spearman, Spur, Sweetwater, Texarkuna, Timpson,Trinity Co., Victoria, Waco, Wichita Falls, \\'iuter Haven, Wolf City. Vin-ginia: Amelia, Arliufiton, Cape Charle?, Falls Cliurch, Farmville, Fort Monroe,Great Falls, Nelson Co., Newport News, Norfolk, Pennington Cap, Petersburg,St. TiCa, South Boston, Tappahannock, Williamsburg. Wisconsin: Black IliverFalls, Broadhead (Green Co.). A\'vomixg: Wheatland, Platte Co.Remarks: Bofhynm gibbo.'^m (DeGcer) was described from Penii-sylvaiiiu in 1774. Since no other species of similar appearance isknown to occur in Pennsylvania, we can be reasonably sure of itsidentity even thougli the original description might apply to otherspecies equally well.It is surprising that tliis species does not occur in Florida, butamong the many specimens seen from that State not one has beengibbosus. There have been a number of published records of gibbosusin Florida, notably Blatchley (1928). However, the only specimenslabeled L. gibbosus (DeGeer) from Florida now remaining in theBlatchley collection are negUdus (LcConte).Bothynus gibbosus obsoletus LeConteBothynus obsoletus LeConte, 1847, p. 87.Ligyrus gibbosus obsoletus LeConte, 1856, p. 20.Ltgyrus californivus Casey, 1909, p. 283 (new synonymy).Ligyrus spissipes Casey, 1909, p. 283 (new synonymy).Ligyrus effetus Casey, 1915, p. 200 (new synonymy).Ligyrus arizonensis Case\^, 1915, p. 201 (new synonymy).Ligyrus bretnpes Casey, 1915, p. 202 (new synonymy).Ligyrus laevicauda Case}', 1915, p. 202 (new synonymy).Ligyrus laticollis Casey, 1915, p. 203 (new synonymy).Ligyrus scitulus Casey, 1915, p. 203 (new synonymy).Type: LeConte collection, Museum of Comparative Zoologj^, No.3715.Type locality: Long's Peak, Colo.Specimens examined: 1,856.DisTRiBUTiOJS' : See map, figure 1. Of typical obsoletus:UNITED STATES: Arizona: Adamana, Aztec, Cameron, Chiricahua Mts.,Cottonwood, Ehrenberg, Flagstaff, Iredonia, Grand Canyon, Holbrook, JosephCity, Leupp, Littlefield, Meneopie (Cococino Co.), Navaho, Phoenix, 5 miles westof Portal, Prescott, Iloll, Safford, Somerton, Tempe, Tuba, Tucson, Wellton,Wilcox, Winslow, ^'uma. California: Alhambra, Apple Valley, Bakersfield,Banning, Bartow, Ben Lomond, Berkele}', Blythe, Borrego Springs, Burbank,Cajon Pass (San Bernadino Co.), Cathedral Citj% Chino, Clermont, Colton, Davis,Death Valley, Delhi, El Centro, El Monte, Fort Yuma, Fresno, Glendale, Haw-thorne, Highgrove, Huntington Beach, Imperial Co., Indio, Island Mtn. (TrinityCo.), Jacumba, Kaweah, Lancaster, Lindsay, Loma Linda, Los Angeles, LosBanos, Midway, Modesto, Murray Dam (San Diego Co.), North Hollywood,Ontario, Olancha (Inyo Co.), Oro Grande, Oxnard, Palmdale, Palm Desert, PalmSprings, Pasadena, Playa del Bey, Portcrville, lliverside Co., Runise\', Sacra-mento, Salien Basin, San Bernadino, San Diego, San Fernando, Santa liarbara. 526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. losThousand Palms, Tracy, Ventura Co., Victorville, Visalia, Wescott, Whittier.Colorado: Long's Peak. Idaho: Boise, Caldwell, Freedom, Lewiston, Notus,Parma, Star. Nevada: Las Vegas. New Mexico: Alamogordo, Albuquerque,Drolets, Fort Wingate, Grand Canyon, Grants (Valencia Co.), Jemez Springs,Las Cruces, Lordsburg, Rodeo, Roswell. Oregon: Arlington, Biggs, Boardman,Corvallis, Dalles, Hermington, Island City, Ontario, Pendleton, Rufus, Umatilla.Texas: Davis Mts., El Paso, Fabans, Sierra Blanco (Fil Paso Co.), Van Horn.Utah: Clinton, Delta, Farmington, Green River, Hooper, Hermiston, Kaysville,Knab, Layton, Moab, Oren, Pine Valley, Roy, St. George, Salt Lake City, SantaClara, Spanish Fork, Syracuse, Wasatch Mts., Washington Co., Zion NationalPark. Washington: Dayton, Pasco, Pullman, Toppenish, Walla Walla, Wa-wawai, Wenatehee, Yakima. MEXICO: Agxjascalientes: Aguascalientcs.Baja California: Enzenada, San Felipe. Chihuahua: 20 miles southwest ofCamargo, Juarez, Marachee (10 miles south of Las Delicias), Ojo Laguna,Samalayuca, Santa Barbara. Durango: Durango. San Luis PoTOsf: San LuisPotosi, 30 miles southwest of San Luis Potosi. Sonora: Rocky Point. Zaca-teca: San Alto.Of specimens intermediate between gibbosufi (DeGeer) and ob-soletus LeConte:UNITED STATES: Arizona: Bonita, Cochise Co., Douglas, Graham Mts.,Phoenix, Portal, Tucson, Wilcox. Colorado: Crook, Fort Collins, Roggen.New Mexico: Albuquerque, Deming, Escondido, Jemez Mts., Lordsburg, Rodeo,State College, Thatcher. Oklahoma: Tulsa. Texas: Alpine, Brewster Co.,Costolon, Dalhart, Davis Mts., Ei Paso, Fort Davis, Presidio. MEXICO:Aguascalientes: Agu.ascalientes. Chihuahua: Arroyo Caterinas (15 milessouth of Matamoros), 10 miles south of Las Delicias, Santa Barbara. Durango:Durango. San Lvis PoTOsf: San Luis Potosi, 30 miles southwest of San LuisPotosi.Remarks: Bothynus obsoletus LeConte is easily separated fromtypical gibbosu.s from the Eastern States. It is somewhat larger (11to 20 mm. in length), smoother in appearance with denser pilosity onthe underside. The sides of the pronotum just under the marginare convex, at times so much so that the lateral margin anteriorlyappears almost carniform. Posteriorly at sides and apex the punc-tm"es of the elytra become closer, finer, and nearer one size in obsoletus.The punctures of the pronotum and elytra are finer and usually notnoticeably annular even in the elytral striae. The carina extendingthe elytra] margin inward around the humerus is lower down and doesnot continue inward as far as in t^-pical gibbosus. The posteriortibiae are short, heavy, and very wide apically, their width usuallymore than half the tibial length as measured along the inside edge.The first segment of the posterior tarsus is comparatively narrowbasally and produced laterally at the apex, one side being nearlystraight and the other noticeably sinuate in outline. Its widthapically is frequently greater than the length of the second segment.Typical obsoletus is fomid in western Idaho, Washington, Oregon, SCARAB BEETLES?CARTWRIGHT 527California, Utah, Ai*izona, and New Mexico. Acdeagus as in figure5/. West of the Rocky Mountains, specimens of obsoletus LeConteshow very Httle variation. In soutlieastern iVrizona, New Mexico,parts of Colorado, and western Texas in the Big Bend jirea, however,specimens are very frequently intermediate in chai-acter betweentypical obsoleius and gibbosu.s-. Variations in the depth and form ofthe punctures, the length and width of the posterior tibiae and tarsalsegments, and the convexity of the side margins of the pronotum aremost noticeable. The degree of variation in each chai-acter diffei's inindividual specimens to such an extent it is often quite impossible todecide whicli name should be apj)lied. Because the characters usedto separate the two forms tend here to merge or become intermediatein varying degree, I believe obsoletus should be considered a subspeciesof (jibbosus. LeConte (1856) called it a variety of gibbosus. Ijocal-ities in which the more or less intermediate forms have been foundare shown on the map (hg. 1). There are three typical specimens ofobsoletus in the Casey collection bearing the locality label of Lhicoln,Nebr., but I believe these are mislabeled. Casey had set them asidewithout determination. Tv\'0 specimens labeled "Neb." were foundin the Bolter collection, Illinois Natural History Surve3^Bothynus morio LeConteBothymis morio LeConte, 1847, p. 87.Ligyrus morio LeConte, 1856, p. 20.Ligyrus longulus Case}', 1915, p. 193 (new synonj^ny).Ligynis virginicus Casey, 1915, p. 193 (new synonymy).Ligyrus remotus Case}', 1915, p. 194 (new synonymy).Length 12 to 16 mm., width 7 to 9.5 mm. Oblong, convex, shinhig,reddish brown to blackish brown. Clypeus apically bidentate, theteeth sharp and frequently almost spinifornx, separated by abouttheir basal width or slightly more suiface slightly i-oughened ante-riorly, smooth posteriorly in front of the thin, sharp, transverse,frontal carina, the carina slightlv sinuate at middle and not reachinglateral margin. Head punctate-rugose behind carina, smooth basally.Pronotum as in (jibbosus except that the anterior pit or depj-ession isusually smaller and not so deep, and the punctures are usually muchfiner and not as deep. The elytra are slighth^ longer and the sidesmore nearl}^ parallel than in gibbosus, with the coarse punctures hnerand rarely noticeably annular. Pygidium with fuier puncturesthroughout, fewer apically, very close to scaluiculatc laterally in thecorners, and in the male at extreme base. Under surface hairy asin gibbosus, the prosternal process similarly completely covered withstiff hairs. Antei-ior tibia smooth and shnung outside the loiigitudinal 528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. losrow of coarse seligerous punctures. Posterior tibia not as slender asin gibbosus, thicker through the middle and less flaring at the apex.Aedeagus as in figure 5c.Type: IMuseum of Comparative Zoology, LeConte collection, No.3716.Type locality: "Proviuciis mediis."Specimens examined: 280.Distribution: Ocean beaches and shores of rivers and bays nearthe ocean from Massachusetts to Texas. See map (fig. 4).UNITED STATES: Connecticut: Stamford, Westport. Florida: Bell GladeCapron, Crescent City, Edgewater, Enterprise, Kissimmee, Logger Head Key(Dry Tortugas), Long Key (Pinelas Co.), Marco, Miami, Miami Beach, PalmBeach, Pass-a-Grille, Ponte Vedra Beach, Sarasota, Titusville (Brevard Co.),Vilano Beach, Virginia Key (Dade Co.), Volusia, West Palm Beach. Georgia:St. Simons Lsland, Tybee Island. Louisiana: Grand Isle. Maryland: Chesa-peake Beach, Dorchester Co., Kenwood Beach. Massachusetts: Eastham,Harwichport, Nantucket, Plum Island Beach, Stoneham, Woods Hole. Mis-sissippi: Gulfport, Horn Island. New Jersey. Anglesea, Avalon, Five MileBeach, Island Beach, Ocean Beach, Salem, Sea Island City, Stone Harbor.New York: Barren Island, Coney Island, Jones Beach, Long Island, Nepeague,Orient, Plum Beach, Rockaway. North Carolina: Beaufort, Cape Hatteras,Kill Devil Hill, Kitty Hawk, Long Beach. Rhode Island: Warwick, WatchHill. South Carolina: Bulls Island, Charleston, Folly Beach, Hilton HeadIsland, Isle of Palms, Myrtle Beach, Seabrooks Island, Sullivans Island. Texas:Brownsville. Virginia: Cobb Island, Fort Monroe, Tappahannock, VirginiaBeach. WEST INDIES: Bahajfa Islands: Allans Cay (Abaco Cays), EleutheraIsland, Grand Bahamas Island, Andros Island (Mangrove Cay), South Bimini.Remarks: In general Bothynus mono LeConte is a smoother,slightly longer, and darker species than gibbosus, which it otherwiseresembles. The smooth outer face of the anterior tibia (fig. 6/) isa character shared with neglectus LeConte, but whereas inorio is morefinely punctate and of smoother appearance than gihbosus, neglectusis much more coarsely punctate and rougher than gibbosus. Themale genitalia of morio LeConte appears to be nearly identical with.that of gibbosus (DoGecr) and the subspecies obsoletus LeConte.See figure 5. It is attracted to lights.Some specimens of morio from Miami, Fla., have punctures muchcoarser than usual, but they still appear smootlier than gibbos^isand the foretibiae are smooth as is usual in tlie species. Perhapsthese specimens provide an example of character displacement.Bothynus neglectus LeConteBothynus neglectus LeConte, 1S47, p. 87.Ligyrus juvencus LeConte, 1850, p. 20 (not I'abricius, 1775, p, 32),Ligyrus neglectvs Casey, 1915, p. 198. SCARAB BEETLES?CARTWRIGHT 529Length 14 to 17 mm., width 8 to 10 mm. Oblong-oval, convex,shining, reddish brown. Clj'peus apicall}^ bidentate, the teethseparated by about their basal width or a little more, surface finelyrugose in front, nearl}^ smooth posteriorly along the thin, sharp,frontal carina which does not reach the sides. Head shallowlycoarsely punctate-rugose back of the carina, smooth at base. Prono-tum convex, anterior angles sharp, less than a right angle, apex andsides margined, sides subparallol over basal half, strongly converginganteriorly, base sinuate, not margined, apical tubercle strong, de-pression back of it small, moderately deep, a little less than a thirdas long as pronotum; surface veiy coarsely, deepl}^ punctate, punc-tures separated on the disc by about one diameter, along the baseby several diameters, fewer in front and at extreme sides. Scutellum\dth a few scattered fine punctures. Elytra a little longer thanAvide, slightly wider posteriorly, punctures annular, deep and verycoaree, those of the oblique geminate striae separated bj' about onediameter or less, punctures finer and closer at sides and apex, some-times scattered extremely fine punctures evident tlirougliout. Py-gidium with fine scattered punctures separated by three or fourdiameters throughout, very finel}^ scabriculate at sides and base inmales. Undersurface somewhat hairy, the prosternal process com-pletely covered apically with still hairs. Anterior tibia smootli,or rarelj^ a few scattered fine punctures, remote from the longitudinalrow of coarse setigerous punctures. Apex of hind tibia very moder-ately flaring, its apical width less thaii half tlie tibial length. Tarsipossibly a little more slender than in gibhosus (DeGeer). Aedeagusdistinct (see fig. Q>d).Type: LeConte collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, No.3714.Type locality: Southern States, "provinciis australibus."Specimens examined: 234.Distribution: Coastal plain of Soutlieastern States, North Caro-lina to Louisiana. See map (fig. 2).ALAPA\fA: Btilchvin Co., Fole.y, Magazine Point, Mobile Co., Monroeville, Mt.Vernon, Wihner. Florida: Alachna Co., Canal Point, Clewiston, Crescent City,De Funiak Springs, Dunedin, Elfers, P'nterprise, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers,(Gainesville, Hialeah, High Springs, Homestead, Kissimmee, Lake City, Largo,I^eesburg, Levy Co., Madison Co., Marco, Melbourne, Miami, Monticello (Jef-ferson Co.), Orlando, Paradise, Quincy, Sanford, Tanijm, Tarpon Springs, Welaka,Winter Park. Georgia: Bainbridge, Billy's IsLand (Okefenokee Swamp), Cor-dele, Newton, Screven Co., Thomasville, Waycross. Louisiana: Berwick.Mississippi: Gulfport, Lucedale. North Carolina: Brunswick Co., Hamlet,Long Beach, New Bern, Southern Pines, White Lake, Wilmington. SouthCarolina: Aiken, Allendale, Beaufort, Blackville, Cayce, Charleston, Columbia,Fairfax, McClellanville, Mt. Pleasant, Ridgeland, Yemassee. 530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. i08 a fA ong Island, Lyons (Wayne Co.), Nepeague, New Rochelle,Plattsburg, Potsdam, Rosedale, Stateu Island, Unionport, West Point. NorthCarolina: Carthage, Southern Pines. North Dakota: Jamestown. Ohio:Buckeye Lake, Cedar Point. Oklahoma: El Reno, Norman, Optima, Still-water. Pennsylvania: Beaver Falls, Canadensis, Jeanette, Lock Haven,Ohiop3'le. Rhode Island: Warwick. South Dakota: Britton, Brookings,Capa, Chamberlain, Chester, Fort Thompson, Hecla, Ilighmore, Hill City, HotSprings, Martin, Murdo, Oak Vv'ood, Oldham, Pierre, Tyndall, Volga, Winner.Utah: Logan. Virginia: .\rlington, Norfolk, Phoebus. Wisi'<)nsin: l>rodliead(Green Co.), Madison, Milwaukee. Wyoming: Wheatland.Remarks: Casey placed this species in a new genus, Lifjyrodefi,mainly because of the modification of the anterior tarsi in the male,nude apex of the postcoxal prosternal process, and difi'crcnt habitus ofthe body. Unfortunately, all of these characters are (|uite variableamong the other species found south of the United vSlates and itbecomes impossible to separate them on the characters given. 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. losWhether Ligyrodes might be retained as a subgenus must be decided bya complete revision of the genus.Bothymis sallaei (Bates)Ligyrus sallaei Bates, 1888, p. 318.Ligyrodes sallei Casey, 1915, p. 184.Ligyrodes aztecus Casey, 1915, p. 184.Ligyrodes propinquus Casey, 1915, p. 183.Length 18 to 23 mm., width 10 to 12 mm. Obloug, convex,shining, dark red-brown to piceous. Clypeus apically bidcntate, theuptm*ned, triangular teeth usually contiguous at base, surface moder-ately rugose, not as finely or closely as in relictus (Say), Headslightly concave and similarly rugose back of the very widely inter-rupted frontal carina which does not extend to the lateral margins,the two parts directed posteriorly as in relictus but appearing moreas blunt tubercles; basally smooth with a few fine punctures betweenand above the eyes. Pronotum convex, apically angulate at middlebut without tubercle and depression, sides evenly arcuate, margined,anteriorly convergent, base sinuate witliout margin; surface withrather evenly distributed fine or moderate punctures which becomecoarser at sides and toward posterior angles, generally separated bytwo or more diameters, possi])ly a little finer and not as close as inrelictus. Scutellum v/ith a few scattered very fine punctures. Elytraonly slightly wider behind, punctiu'es as in relictus but not as coarse.Pygidium without scabrous sculpture except very narrowly at base inthe male, coarsely punctate throughout, closely at base and sides,separated by less than their diameters, gradually sparser and finerapically. Underside anteriorly moderately hairy, the prostcrnalprocess back of the anterior coxae with a round, convex, smooth,shiny part in front set off from a posterior, flat, dull, smooth posteriorpart bordered b}^ stifi" hau-s. Anterior tibia smooth outside thelongitudinal row of coarse, setigerous punctures, a small, distinct,extra tooth between the second and third large teetJi; male clawsegment swollen, the anterior claw broad and abruptly bent at base.Aedegus distinct (see fig. 5a) . liECTOTYPE: British Museum (Natm-al History).Type locality: Almolonga, Mexico.Specimens examined: 151.Distribution: Southern Texas and Mexico. vSee map {f:^. 3).UNITED STATES: Texas: Brownsville, Del Rio, Dimmit Co., Ilarlingen,Hidalgo Co., Houston, Kingsvillo, New Braunfels (Comal Co.), Robstown(Nueces Co.), Weslaco. MEXICO: Chihuahua: Tcxcoco. Coahuila: LaBabia (Tanque de Malone), Mosquiz (Rio Sabinas). Federal District:Mexico City. Guerrero: Teloloapdn. Mexic6: Chapingo. More los: Cuer-navaca, Teguesquitengo. Nayarit: Jalisco, Tepic. Nuevo Le6n: Monterrey. SCARAB BEETLES CARTWRIGHT 535Puebla: Tehuacan. San Luis PoTosf: Tainazunchale. Sinaloa: Mazatldn.Sonora: Agua Caliente (8 miles east of Zacatecas). Tamaulipas: VictoriaVera Cruz: Jalapa.ReiMarks: Bothynus sallaei (Bates) may be recognized and sep-arated from relictus (Say) by the shining, coarsely punctate pygidiumand the small, distinct, extra tooth between the large second andthird teeth of the anterior til)ia.Bothynus cuniciilus (Fabricius)Geotrupes cuniculus Fabricius, 1801, p. 20.Scarabaeus antillarum Palisot de Beavois, 1805, p. 104.Bothynus cuniculus Hope, 1837, p. 95.Heteronychus tumulosus Burmoi.ster, 1847, p. 101.Ligyrus tumulosus Bates, 1888, p. 315.Ligyrus cuniculus Arrow, 1937, p. 37.Length 14 to 20 mm., width 7 to 11 mm. Oblong-oval, convex,shining, reddish bro%Yn to piceous. Clypeus apically bidentate, theerect triangular teeth widely spaced, separated by their basal widthor more, surface finely closely rugose, the posteriorly directed frontalcarma sinuate, strong and thin, widely interrupted at middle, joininglateral carina at sides. Head similarly rugose back of the carina,breaking into moderate punctures just in front of the smooth, shiningocciput. Pronotiun convex, with anterior and lateral margins asusual, base without margin, weakly sinuate, apical denticle small witha small, usuallj^ shallow depression behind it less than one-fom-ththe pronotal length; sm-face very evenly, finely to moderately punctatethroughout, punctm-es everywhere separated by one to four timestheir diameters, the apical depression with a trace of rugose sculpture.Scutellum smooth, rarely with a few minute punctm-es. Elytraslightly wider behind the middle, moderately coarsely punctate, thepunctm*es finely annular, very fine punctures intermLxed throughout,the oblique geminate striae deep, theu- punctm-es usually separatedhj less than their diameters, all punctures finer laterally and apically.Pygidium coarsely, deeply punctate, slightly smaller apically, generallyseparated by one or two diameters. Underside anteriorly moderatelyhairy, prosternal process behind anterior coxae apically flat to convex,narrowly nude, the long stiff hairs encroaching from back and sides.Anterior tibia smooth outside the longitudinal row of coarse, setigerouspunctures, claws normal. Male aedeagus distinct (see fig. Qa).Type: Zoological Museum, Kiel, Germany.Type locality: "America."Specimens ex.\ mined: 67.Distribution: Florida Keys and West Indies.UNITED STATES: Florida: Key West, Dry Tortugas. BERMUDA.WEST INDIES: Bahama Islands: Eleuthera, North Bimini, South Bimini, New 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. losProvidence (Nassau), Andros, Barry (Fraziers Hog Cay). Barbados. PuertoRico: Mayaguez, Ponce, Fajarda. Guadaloupe. Dominica: Roseau, Ports-mouth. St. Vincent. Jamaica.Remarks: Iu addition to the specimens mentioned above I liaveseen aspecimen labeled "Port Hope, Ontario. Dr. Bethune. WickhamCollection," and another labeled "Cal., H. F. W. Casey Collection."These two localities arc so far from the known distribution it seemsunwise to accept the label data without further confirmation.The .Mabama record of Ligyrus tumulosus Burmeister publishedin the Loding (1945, p. 108) list was based on a misidentified speci-men of L. suhtro-picufi Blatchley. I have examined the Loding speci-mens.Bm'meister dGSCviheAHeteronychus tumulosus from "Nord-Amerika(Sud-Carolina) und Westindicn (St. Domingo)." The specimenslabeled South Carolina may have been picked up on Bermuda on avoyage to or from the colon}' in South Carolina. The species doesnot occur in South Carolina.Bothynus laevicollis (Bates)Ligyrus laevicollos Bates, 1888, p. 316.?Schaeffer, 1909, p. 384.Ligyrus bryanii Rivers, 1891, p. 97.Length 21 to 26 mm., width 12 to 14 mm. Oblong, shining,piceus. Clypeus bidentate, the teeth practically contiguous at base,sides finely, sharply margined, front and clypeus finely rugose, frontalcarina reduced to two widely separated, rather large, conical tubercles.Pronotum convex, finely margined apically and laterally, the slightlysinuate base without margin, apical median denticle small with a moreor less triangular flat to very slightly concave, finely rugose areabehind it, this area about one-fourth as wide as apical margin, apicalangles acute; surface smooth and shining basally with very finepunctures becoming more evident at sides and gi-adually becomingfine to moderate in anterior angles where they are separated by aboutone diameter or less, occasionally a few are confluent. Scutellumsmooth and shining with a few scattered minute punctures. Elytra1 to 2 mm. longer than wide, sides slightly divergent, widest slighth'beyond the middle; humeral and apical umbones, first wide intervaland narrow strip across base, smooth and shining with only scatteredminute punctiu-es, oblique geminate striae and remainder of disccoarsely, distinctly punctate, the punctures annular, evenly dis-tributed, separated by one or two diameters in the intervals, punctm-esrapidly becoming fine to very fine and close laterally outside third pairof striae, apically beyond the umbone the punctures ai'e close, mixed,fine and moderately coarse. Female pygidium with somewhatunevenly scattered but fairly closely spaced fine to moderate punctiu-es SCARAB BEETLES?CARTWRIGHT 537tliroughout, scabriculate in corners and across base; male pygidiumsmooth, shining, minutely punctate apicall}^, widely densely scabricu-late laterally and basally. Underside sparsely hau\y; prosternalprocess apically smooth and convex anteriorly, posteriorly andlaterally clolhed with long stiff hairs. Anterior tibia smooth in front,cariniform outside longitudinal row of coarse, setigerous punctures,scattered shallow, fine punctm-es beyond carina; tai'si normal. Maleaedeagus distinct (see fig. 6b).Lectotype: British Museum (Natural History).Type locality: Acapidco, Guerrero, Mexico.Specimens examined: 56.Distribution:UNITED STATES: "Arizona." MEXICO: Baja California: Cape SanLucas, San Felipe, San Jos6 del Cabo, Santa Rosa. Chiapas: Tapachula (cotype).Guerrero: Acapulco. Nayarit: San Bias. Sinaloa: Mazatldn.Remarks: Bothynus laevicollis (Bates) is recognized by the verysmooth, shining, first interval of the elytra. There seems to be nodoubt that L. bryanti Rivers, described from Baja California, isidentical. Dr. E. B. Britton of the British Museum (Natural History)very kindly supplied a cotype of L. laevicollis Bates for study. Wchave a series previously determined as L. bryanti from Baja California.No differences are discernible. The specimen from Phoenix, Ariz.,determined as laevicollis by L. W. Saylor is not this species but is afemale of the species described in this paper as Bothynus selanderl,new species. Bothynus selanderi, new speciesLigyrus laevicollis Saylor, 1946, p. 44 (not Bates, 1888, p. 316).HoLOTYPE male: USNM 63912. Length 28 mm., width 14 mm.Oblong, shining, piceous. Clypeus bidentate, the uptm'iied teethseparated by about their basal width, clypeus and front continuouslyfmely rugose, the rugae appearing as tiny ridges on a fiat surface, i. e.,not declivous on only one side, clypeal carina represented by two verywidely spaced conical tubercles, more widely spaced than in laevicollis(Bates), occiput narrowly smooth. Pronotum convex, apicallj'' andlaterally margined, base slightly sinuate, without margin, apical anglesacute, apical denticle moderate with a shallow depression behind itless than one-fourth the length of the pronotum, a vague smallerdepression about half as wide and half as deep on each side of themedian depression; surface of median depression rugose, the rugaeextending laterally to but not into the smaller depressions which areclosely, distinctly punctate within, elsewhere the pimctures aremoderately coarse and deep on the disc just behind the median depres-sion where they are separated b}'^ about their diameter, coarser, closer 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. losand shallower toward the anterior angles where the sculpture becomesmore or less rugose, quite coarse toward the posterior angles, smootherand more finely punctate over the lateral fovea, and rapidly muchfiner and sparser basally at middle, Scutellum smooth with scatteredindistinct, very fine punctures. Elytra elongate, sides subparaJlel,punctures mixed, very fine throughout, moderate in the obliquegeminate striae and intervals, and with a very fine, vague, close,minute sculpture, not alutaceous, in addition, all punctures finelaterally and apically. Pygidiiun finely scabriculate in lateral anglesand toward the middle basally, otherwise smooth and very finely andsparsely punctate throughout; more convex than in female. Undersidesparsely hairy anteriorly, prosternal process behind anterior coxaewith apex nude and convex anteriorly, with long hau's limited to sidesand posterior part. Anterior tibia carinate and roughly, coarselypunctate outside the longitudinal row of coarse setigerous punctures,claws normal. Acdeagus distinct (see fig. 56).Allotype female: Length 29 mm., mdth 14 mm. Differs from themale in the shape of the pygidium, which is much less convex, withclose, mixed fine and moderate punctures throughout, these super-imposed on fine scabriculate sculpture along the base and in the lateralangles.Type locality: Los Mochis, Siualoa, Mexico, collected July 22,1955, at light by R. B. and J. M. Selander.Paratypes: 38 males, 53 females, same data as holotype and allo-type; 1 male, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico, July 25, 1922, C. T. Dodds;3 males same locality and collector, July 20, 1922; 3 males, 1 female,Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, July 9-16, 1953, Borys Malkin; 1 male,Mazatldn, Sinaloa, Mexico, July 21, 1955, R. B. and J. M. Selander;1 male, Esperanza, Sonora, Mexico, July 15, 1955, F. Pacheco-M.,1 female. Phoenix, Ariz., Aug. 10-20, 1908 (L. W. Saylor collection).See map (fig. 3).Paratypes will be placed in the British Museum (Natural History),Riksmuseum, Canadian Department of Agriculture, AmericanMuseum of Natm-al History, California Academy of Sciences, ChicagoMuseum of Natural History, Frey Museum, Musemn of ComparativeZoology, and in the private collections of L. J. Bottimer, W. W. Gibson,Henry Howden, Antonio Martinez, P. Francisco Silvario Pereira,Mark Robinson, and R. B. Selander.Remarks: The typical series shows little variation. However,the shallow depressions on each side of the median, anterior, pronotaldepression are more noticeable in some specimens; in some the coarsepunctures of the wide interval between the sutiu-al and first geminatestriae become vague, shallow and almost obliterated by the othersurface sculptiu-e, in others the punctm-es remain distinct but shal- SCARAB BEETLES CARTWRIGHT 539lower than the geminate series. The minute surface sculpture, inaddition to the coarse and fine punctures, is much more noticeable insome specimens tlian others but is quite characteristic. Several havea more or less distinct, impunctate, narrow, longitudinal, medianarea over the basal half of the pronotuu). The species ranges from24 to 30 mm. in length and 12 to 15 mm. in vvddth. It is quite smiilarto laevicollis (Bates) and subtropicus (Blatchley) but is easily separatedfrom them by the male genitalia and characters given in the key.Bothynus selanderi is named in honor of R. B. Selander, who collectedmost of the tj^pical series.Bothynus subtropicus (Blatchley)Ligyrus subtropicus Blatchley, 1922, p. 30.Ligyrus blatchleyi Cartwright, 1944, p. 34.Length 21 to 25 mm., width 12 to 14 mm. Oblong, convex,shining rufopiceous to piceous. Clypeus apically bidentate, theupturned, triangular teeth nearly contiguous at base, surface finelymoderately closely rugose, the frontal carina represented by two low,widely spaced, more or less conical tubercles; front of head similarlyrugose and slightly concave, the rugulose lines breaking to fine punc-tures posteriorly, occiput smooth. Pronotum convex with a lowdenticle on the anterior margin at middle and a flattened area orshallow depression behind it, the depression about one-third thepronotal length; sides margined, arcuate to acute anterior angles, basesinuate without margin; surface finely punctate over disc and atmiddle of base and sides, gradually much more coarsely punctate tothe anterior and posterior angles, fine punctures at base separated byfour or more diameters, coarse punctures in anterior angles generallyby one diameter or less, the apical anterior depression rugose-punctate.Scutellum smooth or with a few fine punctures. Elytral sides sub-parallel, surface moderatel}^ coarsely punctate with very fine puncturesintemiixed throughout, the coarse, annular punctures of the obliquegeminate striae and the intervals between somewhat coarser than thosein the wide interval between the first geminate and sutm-al stria, allpimctures finer and closer at sides and apex. Pygidium widelyscabriculate-punctate at base and sides, only slightly less so in thefemale, othenvise shining and smooth with scattered very fine punc-tures, extreme apex virtually impunctate. Underside sparsely hairyanteriorl}^ Apex of piosternal process behind anterior coxae nude,smooth, only slightly convex, with the long, stiff hairs invading thearea from sides and rear. Anterior tibia smooth and carinate outsidethe longitudinal row of coarse, setigerous punctures, claws unmodified.Male aedeagus distinct (see fig. 5d).Type: Blatchley collection, Purdue University, Tjafayette, Ind. 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 108Type locality: Dunedin, Fla.Specimens examined: 69, including holotype.Distribution: Seacoast from North Carolina to Florida to Ala-bama. See map (fig. 3).North Carolina: Wrightsville Beach. South Carolina: Charleston.Georgia: Savannah. Florida: Coconut Grove, Dade Co., Dunedm, Englewood,Everglades, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Homestead, Key Largo, Key West,Miami, South Miami. Alabama: Mobile Co.Remarks: Saylor (1946) placed blaichleyi Cartwright in synonymy,as I surmised it might be in the original description. I have recentlyexamined Blatchley's type of subtropicus and agree that his actionwas correct. Thus far this has been the only large species of Bothynusfound in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.Literature CitedArrow, G. J.1937. In W. Junk and S. Schenkling, Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 156;Scarabaeidae; Dynastinae; pp. 1-124.Bates, Henrt Walter1888. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. 2, pt. 2.Pectinicornia and I>amellicornia. Pp. 1-432, 21 pis.Blatchley, W. S.1922. Some new and rare Coleoptera from southeastern Florida. CanadianEnt., vol. 54, pp. 9-14, 27-33.1928. The Scarabaeidae of Florida. Florida Ent., vol. 11, 1927, pp. 44-46;1928, pp. 55-62; continued tlirough vols. 12, 13, and 14 to 1930.BURMEISTER, HERMANN1847. Handbuch der Entomologie, vol. 5, pp. 1-584.Cartwright, O. L.1944. New Scarabaeidae from United States. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol.37, pp. 28-36.Caset, Thos. L.1909. Studies in the Caraboidea and LameUicornia. Canadian Ent., vol.41, pp. 253-284.1915. A review of the American species of RuteHnae, Dynastinae andCetoniinae. 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Philadelphia, ser.2, vol. 1, pp. 17-93.1856. Notice of three genera of Scarabaeidae found in the United States.Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8, pp. 19-25.L5DING, Henry Peter1945. Catalogue of the beetles of Alabama. Monograph 11, GeologicalSurvey of Alabama. Fp. 1-172.Palisot de Beauvois, A. I\L F. J.1805. Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Am^rique. 276 pp., 38 pis.Prell, Heinrich1936. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dynastinen. Ent. Blatt., vol. 32, pp.145-152.Rivers, J. -J.1891. New species of Scarabaeidae. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2,vol. 3, pp. 97-98.Say, Thomas1825. Descriptions of new species of coleopterous insects inhabiting theUnited States. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, pp.160-204.Saylor, L. W.1946. Synoptic revision of the United States scarab beetles of the subfamilyDynastinae, No. 3: Tribe Oryctini (part). Journ. WashingtonAcad. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 41-45.Schaeffer, Charles1909. New Coleoptera chiefly from Arizona. Bull. Brooklyn Inst. 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