S>C?(^^ BIBLIOGRAPHY^i^^'^ OFSAUROMALUS {DVMtKlL 1856), THE CHUCKWALLAS
Kent R. Beaman', Bradford D. Hollingsworth", Howard E. Lawler^and Charles H. Lowe'*
'Section of Herpetology, Natural History Museum Los Angeles; 'Department ofNatural Science, Loma Linda University; ^Tucson, AZ; ^Department of Ecology andEvolutionary Biology, University of Arizona
smithsonianherpetological informationSERVICENO. 116
1997
SMITHSONIANHERPETOLOGICALINFORMATIONSERVICE
The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations,bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged usefulto individuals interested in the biology of amphibiansand reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normaltechnical journals. Single copies are distributed freeto interested individuals. Libraries, herpetologicalassociations, and research laboratories are invited toexchange their publications with the Division ofAmphibians and Reptiles.We wish to encourage individuals to share theirbibliographies, translations, etc. with otherherpetologists through the SHIS series. If you havesuch items please contact George Zug for instructions onpreparation and submission. Contributors receive 50free copies.Please address all requests for copies and inquiries toGeorge Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles,National Museum of Natural History, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please includea self-addressed mailing label with requests.
Introduction
The lizard genus Sauromahis consists of a diverse group of diumaJ herbivores inhabiting thedeserts of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, including more than 26 islands inthe Gulf of California Commonly known as chuckwallas, these large iguanids generally live onvolcanic or granitic substrates, although some species also prefer nearby arroyo bottoms.Chuckwallas display a wide array of color patterns that undergo a degree ofontogenetictransformation, sometimes becoming sexually dichromatic. Body size varies from large to small,although when compared to other iguanid lizards, chuckwallas are approximately one half the sizeof the largest members in the family. Some species exceed an impressive snout-vent length ofmore than 300 mm, while others reach 220 mm or less.
The genus is well supported as a natural group within Iguanidae based on numerousmorphological novelties (de Queiroz 1987). These unique features are associated withchuckwallas preference for rocky habitats and their ability to retreat into rock crevices to seekshelter Their dorsoventrally compressed body results from a compression of both the pectoraland pelvic girdles, a more slender mandible, reduced neural spines, and the absence of a mid-dorsal scale row Once inside a crevice, chuckwallas inflate their lungs if harassed, eflfectivelywedging them into place and making extraction diflBcult.
As many as nine species have been described within Sauromalus, although only sevenspecies are recognized at present (Table 1) In recent years, many authors have called intoquestion the number species within the genus and the geographical boundaries in which they occur(Robinson 1972; Case 1982, Stebbins 1985, de Queiroz 1987). These taxonomic controversiesare primarily the result of outdated systematic methodologies, insufficient diagnoses, and theabsence of a reported type locality for the holotype, Sauromalus ater The last taxonomic studyof the entire genus was completed by Shaw (1945) Currently, the only formal phylogeneticanalysis of the chuckwalla species is a unpublished Master's thesis (Hollingsworth, 1995) that isbeing edited for publication.
As this bibliography shows, chuckwallas have been the focus of numerous biologicalpursuits. Sauromalus obesus has been the main focus of investigation in studies requiring largesample sizes and long-term observation Their wide-use in research is primarily the result oftheir
accessibility from the United States. Some researchers have undertaken the extra eflFort indocumenting the diet, behavior, ecology, and evolution of the insular endemics, S. hispidus and S.
varius, which are found on the Mexican islands in the mid-rift region of the Gulf of California.Other species, such as, S. aier, S klauberi, S. slevini and S australis have received less attention.The sporadic literature on these species is most likely due to their inaccessibility on small islands inthe Gulf of California and the remoteness ofBaja California
This bibliography provides the essential references for all those interested in thesefascinating lizards It was assembled with information from a variety of sources, relying mostheavily on Zoological Record through December 1996 Every technical and popular articledealing with new information or syntheses of previous knowledge are included. The coverillustration oiSauromalus obesiis is from Baird (1859)We thank the following institutions for their help in compiling this bibliography Section ofHerpetology, Los Angeles County Museum ofNatural History, Depanment of Biology, SanDiego State University. Tierra Madre Consultants, Del Webb Memorial Library, Loma LindaUniversity, Depanment of Natural Science, Loma Linda University, and Department of Biology,La Sierra University
Table 1 . Various Classifications of Sauromalus.
Van Denburgh, 1922:Sauromalus aterSauromalus interbrachialisSauromalus townsendiSauromalus hispidusSauromalus sleviniSauromalus varius
Schmidt, 1922:Sauromalus aterSauromalus hispidusSauromalus obesusSauromalus townsendiSauromalus varius
Shaw, 1945:Sauromalus aterSauromalus australisSauromalus hispidusSauromalus klauberiSauromalus sleviniSauromalus obesus townsendiS. obesus tumidusS. obesus obesus
Etheridge, 1982:Sauromalus ater aterS. ater klauberiS. ater shawiSauromalus australisSauromalus hispidusSauromalus obesus multiforminatusS. obesus townsendiS. obesus tumidusS. obesus obesusSauromalus sleviniSauromalus varius
Consensus of various authors as of 1996:Sauromalus ater aterS. ater shawiSauromalus australisSauromalus klauberiSauromalus hispidusSauromalus obesus multiforminatusS. obesus townsendiS. obesus tumidusS. obesus obesusSauromalus sleviniSauromalus varius
4
Index
Behavior
23, 58, 59, 84, 89, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 117, 158, 159, 203, 250, 290, 295, 298, 359, 369,431, 455, 527, 531, 574, 581.
Captive Management
47, 63, 64, 78, 91, 95, 117, 155, 161, 186, 200, 215, 219,, 245, 248, 249, 273, 284, 285, 294,316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 322, 351, 352, 353, 387, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 442, 488, 507,508, 523, 524, 551, 598, 618, 625.
Conservation
17, 60. 86. 89, 161, 175, 176, 204. 205. 206, 214, 316. 318, 319, 320, 322, 409, 417, 418,432, 515, 598.
Diet
44, 58, 59, 62, 64, 186, 267, 292, 298, 311, 360, 397, 399, 400, 448, 456, 476, 496, 502,518, 519, 524, 534, 535, 537, 552, 553.
Disease
14, 35, 40, 48, 73, 129, 131, 217, 220, 223, 224, 225, 274, 279, 293, 310, 325, 330, 338,348, 349, 351, 352, 408, 473, 562, 565, 566, 573, 602, 604, 616.
Distribution
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 24, 34, 37, 38, 44, 45, 60 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 81, 82, 86, 92,94, 97, 104, 105, 106, 116, 119, 120, 123, 132, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 145, 165, 168, 172,173, 174, 177, 178, 181, 189, 195, 213, 216, 222, 226, 229, 230. 234, 237, 240, 253, 254,255, 256, 257, 258, 265, 268, 270, 271, 276, 277, 278, 296, 302, 303, 304, 314, 321, 328,329, 333, 334, 335, 337, 340, 341, 342, 347, 355, 364, 365, 366, 368, 370, 371, 374, 379,381, 382, 383, 389, 391, 392, 393, 407, 410, 416, 444, 461, 464, 468, 482, 497, 498, 499,500, 511, 512, 513, 514, 514, 516, 528, 529, 530, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541,542, 543, 545, 555, 556, 557, 558, 560, 561, 563, 575, 576, 577, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587,588, 589, 590, 592, 593, 594, 597, 599, 600, 601, 612, 614, 615, 619, 620, 628.
Ecology
1, 2, 6, 15, 22, 25, 27, 43, 54, 58, 59, 62, 80, 89, 99, 101, 102, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114,115, 144, 159, 178, 179, 182, 185, 201, 203, 297, 216, 228, 236, 241, 251, 252, 256, 280,286, 287, 288, 290, 296, 298, 305, 311, 315, 354, 355, 370, 381, 389, 397, 403, 435, 443,457, 462, 470, 472, 476, 477, 480, 489, 494, 495, 498, 504, 517, 518, 519, 521, 525, 531,532, 534, 535, 537, 546, 552, 553, 554, 578, 581, 595, 603, 605, 616, 623.
Evolution
6, 20, 21, 23, 29, 30, 61, 84, 93, 98, 114, 119, 128, 143, 163, 164, 166, 191, 196, 218, 231,244, 256, 257, 275, 313, 323, 324, 344, 354, 363, 378, 390, 411, 421, 430, 446, 467, 468,490, 491, 492, 493, 498, 529, 591, 609, 610, 617.
General Interest
31, 36, 39, 63, 67, 68, 85, 88, 118, 154, 169, 171, 202, 211. 212, 226, 232, 246, 259, 283,289, 301, 336, 350, 357, 422, 434, 439, 445, 478, 484, 526, 549, 550, 621, 622, 628.
Genetics
30, 161, 233, 242, 243, 244, 263, 313, 388, 438, 446, 468, 469, 492, 505, 610.
Life History
1, 2, 3, 4, 58, 64, 95, 96, 155, 182, 210, 266, 298, 316, 317, 345, 355, 361, 397, 458, 462,472, 481, 501, 551, 552, 596, 609, 625.
Morphology
20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 32, 41, 46, 61, 72, 77, 90, 93, 98, 123, 124, 134, 139, 140, 160,162, 163, 165, 166, 180, 181, 183, 187, 188, 192, 193, 194, 196, 199, 209, 230, 242, 243,262, 264, 266, 272, 275, 281, 291, 292, 314, 315, 323, 326, 327, 343, 344, 346, 356, 372,373, 380, 414, 419, 420, 421, 428, 429, 436, 437, 441, 459, 465, 466, 468, 469, 481, 482,490, 491, 492, 500, 511, 520, 532, 533, 544, 547, 558, 559, 564, 568, 585, 606, 607, 608,624.
Paleontology
81, 82, 163, 189, 190, 269, 275, 367, 410, 592, 593, 594, 612.
Physiology
15, 16, 27, 41, 42, 43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 53, 55, 56, 57, 70, 79, 80, 83, 107, 108, 121, 128,130, 143, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 160, 166, 167, 184, 185, 197,198, 207, 209, 227, 228, 235, 247, 252, 261, 262, 263, 282, 286, 288, 297, 299, 300, 306,307, 308, 331, 344, 358, 362, 375, 376, 377, 384, 385, 386, 395, 396, 398, 399, 400, 401,402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 412, 414, 433, 440, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 460, 471,474, 475, 485, 486, 487, 494, 503, 505, 506, 517, 519, 520, 522, 525, 546, 554, 567, 568,569, 570, 571, 572, 578, 579, 580, 582, 611, 613, 623.
Taxonomy
18, 19, 33, 44, 64, 69, 75, 76, 87, 93, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133 134 137 142165, 168, 170, 172, 173, 180, 190, 192, 195, 199, 218, 238, 239, 243, 256 '258*260' 275*309, 321, 324, 328, 332, 339, 342, 363, 389, 392, 416, 438, 454, 468 469* 479* 482* 483'497,498,509,510,512,514,529,534,535,537,538,558,561,585. ' ' ' '
Thermoregulation
26, 27. 42. 43, 70, 80, 83, 107, 111, 121, 143, 144, 146, 147, 152, 157, 207 208 235 238239,261,362,384,394,413,415,447.522. ^ , , ,
1. Abts, M.L. 1985. The life history strategy of the saxicolous desert lizard,Sauromalus obesus. Ph.D. Diss., Portland State Univ., Portland, Oregon.[Ecology; Life History]2. . 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the chuckwalla,Sauromalus obesus. Ecol. Monogr. 57(3):215-232. [Ecology; Life History]3. . 1988. Reproduction in the saxicolous desert lizard, Sauromalus obesus: Thefemale reproductive cycle. Copeia 1988(2): 382-393. [Life History]4.
. 1988. Reproduction in the saxicolous desert lizard, Sauromalus obesus: Themale reproductive cycle. Herpetologica 44(4).-404-4 15. [Life History]5. . 1997. Sauromalus obesus. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept. In Press.6. Alberts, A.C. 1991. Phylogenetic and adaptive variation in lizard femoral glandsecretions. Copeia 1991(l):69-79. [Ecology; Evolution]7. Alcerreca, A., Carlos, J. J.CD., Flores, O.V., Carbonell, D.G., Ariza, E.H.,Zuercher, M.H., Salcido, R.P., Gomez. J.M.R., Davila, V.S.C. 1988.Fauna silvestre y areas naturales protegidas. Mexico, Funcaion UniversoVeintiuno. 1993 pp. [Distribtution]8. Alvarez, J.R. 1989. Diccionario Enciclopedico de Baja California. Compamaeditora de Enciclopedias de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Institute de Cultura deBaja California, Ciudad de Mexico. [Distribution]9. Alvarez Cardenas, S. 1990. Distribucion de la herpetofauna en la Sierra de laLaguna, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Simp. Intern. Vida Silv. 2:292-306.[Distribution]10. , Tessaro, P.G., Romero, A.G., and Rubio, A.O. 1989. Herpetofauna. In:L. Arriaga and A. Ortega (eds.), La Sierra de La Laguna de Baja CaliforniaSur. Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas de Baja California Sur, La Paz,Baja California Sur, Mexico. [Distribution]11. Alvarez Solorzano, T. and de Lachica, F. 1974. Zoogeografia de los vertebrados deMexico, pp. 219-302. In: J.L. Lorenzo (ed.). El Escenario Geografico.Mexico, Mex., Inst. Nac. Antropl. Hist. (Mexico: panorama historico ycultural, vol. 2). [Distribution]12. and Escamilla, M.G. 1987. Atlas cultural de Mexico. Fauna. Mexico, Inst.Nac. Antropol. Hist. 191 pp. [Distribution]13. Ambia Molina, V. 1969. Sonora: principales especies faum'sticas. Mexico, D.F.,Dir. Gen. Fauna Silv., Subsecr. For. Fauna. 26 pp. [Distribution]14. Amrein, Y.U. 1952. A new species of Nyctotherus (N. woodi) from southernCalifornia lizards. J. Parasitol. 38(3): 266-270. [Disease]15. Andrews, R.M. 1982. Patterns of growth in reptiles, pp. 273-320. /?: C. Gansand F.H. Rough (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 13, Physiology D:Physiological Ecology, Academic Press, London. [Ecology; Physiology]16. . and Rough, F.H. 1985. Metabolism of squamate reptiles: allometric andecological relationships. Physiol. Zool. 58(2):214-231. [Ecology; Physiology]17. Anonymous. 1979. San Esteban Island chuckwalla under review. Endang. Spec.Tech. Bull. 4(3):6. [Conservation]18. Applegarth, J.S. 1977. Index to the genera of living families of Reptila. Sauria(Lacertilia and Amphisbaenia). Privately Printed. 53 pp. [Taxonomy]
8
19. . 1983. Index to the genera of Reptilia - a device to assit curators. Sauria(Lacertilia and Amphisbaenia). 3rd ed. Privately Printed. 54 pp.[Taxonomy]20. Arnold, E.N. 1984. Variation in the cloacal and hemipenal muscles of lizards andits bearing on their relationships, pp. 57-85. In: M.J. Ferguson (ed.), TheStructure, Development, and Evolution of Reptiles. Symp. Zool. Soc,London. [Evolution; Morphology]21. . 1984. Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives. J.Nat. Hist. 18(1): 127-169. [Evolution; Morphology]22.
.
1988. Caudal autotomy as a defense, pp. 235-273. In: C. Gans and R.B.Huey (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 16, Ecology B: Defense and LifeHistory, Alan R. Liss. Inc., New York. [Ecology; Morphology]23.
.
1994. Investigating the origins of performance advantage: adaptation,exaptation, and lineage effects, pp. ?????. In: P. Eggleton and R.I. Vane-Wright (eds.), Phylogenetics and Ecology, Liimean Society Symposium Series.[Behavior; Evolution; Morphology]24. Atsatt, S.R. 1913. The reptiles of the San Jacinto area of southern California.Univ. California Publ. Zool. 12(3):31-50. [Distribution]25. . 1939. Color changes as controlled by temperature and light in the lizards ofthe desert region of southern California. Publ. Univ. California (Los Angeles)Biol. Sci. l(ll):237-276. [Ecology; Morphology]26. Avery, R.A. 1979. Lizards - a study in thermoregulation. Inst. Biol. Studies Biol.(109): 1-56. [Thermoregulation]27. . 1982. Field smdies of body temperatures and thermoregulation, pp.93-166. In: C. Gans and F.H Rough (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 12,Physiology C: Physiological Ecology, Academic Press, London. [Ecology;Physiology; Thermoregulation]28. Avery, D.F. and Tanner, W.W. 1964. The osteology and myology of the head andthorax regions of the obesus group of the genus Sauromalus Dumeril(Iguanidae). Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 5(3): 1-30.[Morphology]29. . and Tanner, W.W. 1971. Evolution of iguanine lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae)as determined by osteological and myological characters. Brigham YoungUniv. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 12(3): 1-79. [Evolution; Morphology]30. Avise, J.C, Bowen, B.W., and Lamb, T. 1989. DNA fingerprints fromhypervariable mitochondrial genotypes. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6(3):258-269.[Evolution; Genetics]
31. Bailey, V. 1930. The chuckwalla, one of the largest lizards of our southwesterndeserts. Nature Mag. 16:100-102. [General Interest]32. Baird, I. 1970. The anatomy of the reptilian ear. pp. 193-275. In: C. Gans andT.S. Parsons (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 2, Morphology B, AcademicPress, London. [Morphology]33. Baird, S.F. 1858 [1859]. Description of new genera and species of North Americanlizards in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia 7:253-256. [Taxonomy]
34.
. 1859. Reptiles of the boundary, with notes by the naturalists on the survey.United States and Mexican Boundary Survey under the order of Lieut. Col.W.H. Emory, Washington, D.C., 1859. U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv., II,.Zool. Rept. 3:1-35. (Reprinted In: Herpetological Explorations of the GreatAmerican West, K. Adler (ed.), Amo Press, New York, 1978, Vol. 1).[Distribution]35. Baker, M.R. 1987. Synopsis of the Nematoda parasitic in amphibians and reptiles.Mem. Univ. Newfoundland, Occ. Pap. Biol. (11): 1-325. [Disease]36. Banta, B.H. 1957. A simple trap for collecting desert reptiles. Herpetologica13(3): 174-176. [Generallnterest]37.
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1962. A preliminary account of the herpetofauna of the Saline ValleyHydrographic Basin. Inyo County, California. Wasmann J. Biol.20(2): 161-251. [Distribution]38.
.
1965. A distributional check list of the recent reptiles inhabiting the State ofNevada. Occas. Pap. Biol. Soc. Nevada (5): 1-8. [Distribution]39. Barhe, C. 1983. Human impact: The midriff islands, pp. 159-209. /?: T.J Caseand M.L. Cody (eds.), Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortez, Universityof California Press, Berkeley, California. [Ecology]40. Barker, I.K. and Cranfield, M.R. 1989. Schellackia (Lainsonia) sp. infection inchuckwallas (Sauromalus obesus). Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet. Ann. Proc. 1989:61.[Disease]41. Bamitt, A.E., Jr. and Goertemiller, C.C. 1985. Nasal salt-secreting glands ofnormal and hyperkalemically stressed Sauromalus obesus: histology andcytology. Copeia 1985 (2):403 -409. [Morphology; Physiology]42. Bartholomew, G.A. 1963. The roles of physiology and behaviour in the maintenanceof homeostasis in the desert environment. Symp. Proc. Exp. Biol. 18:7-29.[Physiology; Thermoregulation]43. . 1982. Physiological control of body temperature, pp. 167-211. /az: C. Gansand F.H Pough (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 12, Physiology C:Physiological Ecology, Academic Press, London. [Ecology; Physiology;Thermoregulation]44. Behler, J.L. and King, F.W. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to NorthAmerican Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. [Diet;Distribution; Taxonomy]45. Belding, L. 1887. Reptiles of the Cape Region of Lower California. West Am. Sci.3(24):93-99. [Distribution]46. Bellairs, A.d'A. and Bryant, S.V. 1985. Autotomy and regeneration in reptiles, pp.301-410. In: C. Cans and F. Billett (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 15,Development B, John Wiley & Sons, New York. [Morphology]47. Beltz, E. 1989. Care in captivity: husbandry techniques for amphibians and reptiles.Chicago Herpetol. Soc. 88 pp. [Captive Management]48. Benes, E.S. 1985. Helminth parasitism in some central Arizona lizards. Southwest.Nat. 30:467-473. [Disease]49. Bennett, A.F. 1971. Oxygen transport and energy metabolism in two species oflizards, Sauromalus hispidus and Varanus gouldii. Ph.D. Diss., Univ. ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. [Physiology]
10
50. . 1972. The effect of activity on oxygen consumption, oxygen debt, and heartrate in the lizards Varanus gouldii and Sauromalus hispidus. J. Comp.Physiol. 79(3):259-280. [Physiology]51. . 1972. A comparison of activities of metabolic enzymes in lizards and rats.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 42B(4): 637-647. [Physiology]52. . 1973. Blood physiology and oxygen transport during activity in two lizards,Varanus gouldii and Sauromalus hispidus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.46(4): 259-280. [Physiology]53. . 1973. Ventilation in two species of lizards during rest and activity. Comp.Biochem. Physiol. 46(4): 653-671. [Physiology]54. . 1982. The energetics of reptilian activity, pp. 155-199. In: C. Gans andF.H. Pough (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 13, Physiology D:Physiological Ecology, Academic Press, London. [Ecology; Physiology]55. . and Dawson, W.R. 1976. Metabolism, pp. 127-223. In: C. Gans and W.R.Dawson (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 5, Physiology A, AcademicPress, London. [Physiology]56. Bentley, P.J. 1976. Osmoregulation, pp. 365-412. In: C. Gans and W.R. Dawson(eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 5, Physiology A, Academic Press,London. [Physiology]57. . and Schmidt-Nielsen, K. 1966. Cutaneous water loss in reptiles. Science151:1547-1549. [Physiology]58. Berry, K.H. 1972. The ecology and social behavior of the chuckwalla, Sauromalusobesus. Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Berkeley. 140 pp. [Behavior;Diet; Ecology; Life History]59. . 1974. The ecology and social behavior of the chuckwalla, Sauromalusobesus obesus Bd^xd. Univ. California Publ. Zool. 101:1-60. [Behavior;Diet; Ecology; Life History]60. ., E. Wessman, and J. Aardahl. 1976. Unit resource analysis for East MojavePlanning Unit: Wildlife (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals). U.S.Dept. Int., Bureau of Land Management, California Desert Program,Riverside, California. Draft Report. [Conservation; Distribution]61. Beuchat, C.A. 1986. Phylogenetic distribution of the urinary bladder in lizards.Copeia 1986(2): 5 12-5 17. [Evolution; Morphology]62. Bjomdal, K.A. 1985. Nutrional ecology of sea turtles. Copeia 1985(3):736-751.[Diet; Ecology]63. Blair, D.W. 1994. Chuckwallas. Reptiles: Guide to Keeping Reptiles andAmphibians. 1(3): 16-18, 20, 22. [Captive Management; General Interest]64. Blair, D.W. 1995. Chuckwallas. Iguana Times 4(2):31-36. [Captive Management;Diet; Life History; Taxonomy]65. Bocourt. M.F. 1874. Deux notes sur quelques sauriens de TAmerique meridionale.Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris (5) 19(4):5 pp. [Distribution]66. Bogert. CM. 1930. An annotated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Los AngelesCounty, California. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 29(1):3-14. [Distribution]67. . 1930. Saurians of the Southwest. Nature Mag. 16:356-359. [Distribution;General Interest]68. . 1939. Reptiles under the sun. Nat. Hist. 44:26-37. [General Interest]
11
69.
. 1954. Amphibians and Reptiles of the World. The Animal Kingdom,Doubleday & Co., Garden City, New York. [Distribution; Taxonomy]70.
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1959. How reptiles regulate their body temperature. Sci. Amer.210(4): 105-120. [Physiology; Thermoregulation]71.
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and Oliver, J. A. 1945. A preliminary analysis of the herpetofauna ofSonora. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 83(6): 1-425. [Distribution]72. Bostic, D.L. 1971. Herpetofauna of the Pacific Coast of north central BajaCalifornia, Mexico, with description of a new subspecies of Phyllodactylusxanti. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 16(10):237-263. [Distribution;Morphology]73.
. 1971. Observations on the Uimor-like growths in the chuckwalla, Sauromalusvarius. J. Herpetol. 5(l-2):76-78. [Disease]74.
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1975. A natural history guide to the Pacific coast of north central BajaCalifornia and adjacent islands. Biol. Educ. Exped., Vista, California. 184pp. [Distribution]75. Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of Lizards in the British Museum (NaturalHistory). 2nd ed. Vol. II. Taylor and Francis, London, p. xiii-497.[Taxonomy]76.
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1890. First report on additions to the lizard collection in the British Museum(Natural History). Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1:77-86. [Taxonomy]77. Boundy, J. and Balgooyen, T.G. 1988. Record lengths for some amphibians andreptiles from the western United States. Herpetol. Rev. 19(2): 26-27.[Morphology]78. Bowler, J.K. 1977. Longevity of Reptiles and Amphibians in North AmericanCollections. SSAR Herpetol. Circular No. 6. Lawrence, Kansas. [CaptiveManagement]79. Boyer, D.R. 1967. Interaction of temperature and hypoxia on respiratory andcardiac responses in the lizard, Sauromalus obesus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.20:437-447. [Physiology]80. Bradshaw, S.D. 1986. Ecophysiology of Desert Reptiles. Academic Press,Australia. [Ecology; Physiology; Thermoregulation]81. Brattstrom, B.H. 1954. Amphibians and reptiles from Gypsum Cave, Nevada. Bull.So. California Acad. Sci. 53(1):8-12. [Distribution; Paleontology]82.
. 1958. New records of Cenozoic amphibians and reptiles from California.Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 57(1):5-12. [Distribution; Paleontology]83.
. 1965. Body temperatures of reptiles. Am. Midi. Nat. 73(2):376-422.[Physiology; Thermoregulation]84.
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1974. The evolution of reptilian social behavior. Am. Zool. 14(l):35-49.[Behavior; Evolution]85. Breen, J.F. 1974. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. T.F.H. Publications,Inc. Neptune City, New Jersey. [General Interest]86. Brown, T.W. 1983. Fishes, amphibians, and reptiles of the lower Mojave Riversystem. Report submitted to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Contract060-CT8-000046. [Conservation; Distribution]87. Brygoo, E.R. 1989. Les types d'lguanides (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Museum nationald'Histoire naturelle Catalogue critique. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris(Ser. 4) 11:1-112. [Taxonomy]
12
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106. and Oscar Sanchez Herrera. 1978. La coleccion herpetologica de laUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Congreso Nac. Zool., Mexico1:166-175. [Distribution]107. Case, T.J. 1972. Thermoregulation and evaporative cooling in the chuckwalla,Sauromalus obesus. Copeia 1972(1): 145-150. [Physiology;Thermoregulation]108.
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124. Cole, C.J. and Van Devender, T. 1976. Surface structure of fossil and recentepidermal scales from North American lizards of the genus Sceloporus(Reptilia: Iguanidae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 156:451-514. [Morphology]125. Collins, J.T. 1982. (3rd ed.). Standard common and current scientific names forNorth American amphibians and reptiles. SSAR Herpetol. Circular No. 19.pp. 1-45. [Taxonomy]126. ., Huheey, J. E., Knight, J. L., and Smith, H.M. 1978. (1st ed.). Standardcommon and current scientific names for North American amphibians and
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141. Coues, E. 1875. Synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of Arizona; with criticaland field notes, and on extensive synonymy. Rept. Geog. Geol. Explor. Surv.West 100th Merid. by Geo. M. Wheeler. 5:585-633. (Reprinted In:Herpetological Explorations of the Great American West, K. Adler (ed.), AmoPress, New York, 1978, Vol. 1). [Distribution]142. Cowles, R.B. 1920. A list and some notes on the lizards and snakes in the PomonaCollege Museum. J. Ent. ZooL, Pomona College 12(3):63-66. [Taxonomy]143.
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1958. Possible origin of dermal temperature regulation. Evolution 12:347-357. [Evolution; Physiology; Thermoregulation]144. . and Bakker, E.S. 1977. Desert Journal: Reflections of a Naturalist.University of California Press, Berkeley, California. [Ecology;Thermoregulation]145.
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158. Deban, S.M., O'Reilly, J.C. and Theimer, T. 1994. Mechanism of defensiveinflation in the chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. J. Exp. Zool. 270(5):451-459. [Behavior]159. De Fazio, A., Simon, C.A., Middendorf, G.A., and Romano, D. 1977. Iguanidsubstrate licking: A response to novel situations in Sceloporus jarrovi. Copeia1977(4): 706-709. [Behavior; Ecology]160. DeLisle, H.F. 1985. Why do lizards have a third eye? Herpetology 15(2): 1-17.[Morphology; Physiology]161. Densmore, L.D., III, Pliler, E.D., and Lawler, H.E. 1994. A molecular approachfor determing genetic variation in captive and natural populations of thepiebald chuckwalla (Sauromalus varius). pp. 343-351. In: J.B. Murphy, K.Adler and J.T. Collins (eds.). Captive Management and Conservation ofAmphibians and Reptiles, Society for the Smdy of Amphibians and Reptiles,Ithaca (New York), Contributions to Herpetology, Vol. 11. [CaptiveManagement; Conservation; Genetics]162. De Piceis Polver, P. 1968. Studio istomorfologico ed istochimico sulle ghiandole
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1983. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia. pp. 1-249. /?: P. Wellnhofer (ed.),Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Teii lOA, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Struttgart,New York. [Paleontology; Taxonomy]191. ., Gauthier. J., and de Queiroz, K. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships withinSquamata. pp. 119-282. In: R. Estes and G. Pregill (eds.), PhylogeneticRelationships of Lizard Families: Essays commemorating Charles L. Camp.Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. [Evolution]192. Etheridge, R.E. 1964. The skeletal morphology and systematic relationships ofsceloporine lizards. Copeia 1964(4): 6 10-631. [Morphology; Taxonomy]193.
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203. Ferguson, G.W. 1977. Social displays of reptiles, pp. 405-554. /?: C. Gans andD.W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 7, Ecology and Behavior A,Academic Press, London. [Behavior; Ecology]204. Finnley, D. 1979. San Esteban Island chuckwalla under review. Endang. Spec.Tech. Bull. 4(2) :6. [Conservation]205.
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233. Gilboa, I. 1975. Karyotypes of amphibians and reptiles: a bibliographic review, pp.91-156. In: H.G. Dowling (ed.), 1974 Yearbook in Herpetology, N.Y.Herpetol. Inf. Search Systs. [Genetics]234. Glaser, H.S.R. 1970. The distribution of amphibians and reptiles in RiversideCounty, California. Nat. Hist. Ser. No. 1, Riverside Museum Press, pp. 1-40. [Distribution]235. Gleeson, T.T. 1981. Preferred body temperature, aerobic scope, and activitycapacity of the monitor lizard, Varanus salvator. Physiol. Zool. 54(4):423-429. [Physiology; Thermoregulation]236. Glinski, T.H. and Krekorian. CO. 1985. Individual recognition in free-living adultmale desert iguanas, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. J. Herpetol. 19(4):54 1-544.[Ecology]237. Gloyd, H.K. 1937. A herpetological consideration of faunal areas in southernArizona. Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci. 5(5):79-136. [Distribution]238. Coin, C.J., Coin, O.B. and Zug, G.R. 1962. Introduction to Herpetology. W.H.Freeman and Co., San Francisco, California. 340 pp. [Taxonomy;Thermoregulation]239. Goin, C.J., Goin, O.B. and Zug, G.R. 1978. Introduction to Herpetology. 3rd ed.W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, California. 378 pp. [Taxonomy;Thermoregulation]240. Gonzalez Romero, A. and Alvarez Cardenas, S. 1989. Herpetofauna de la regiondel Pinacate, Sonora, Mexico: un inventario. Southwest. Nat. 34:519-526.[Distribution]241. , Ortega, A. and Barbault, R. 1989. Habitat partitioning and spatialorganization in a lizard community of the Sonoran Desert, Mexico.Amphibia-Reptilia 10(1): 1-11. [Ecology]242. Gorman, G.C. 1973. The chromosomes of the reptilia, a cytotaxonomicinterpretation, pp. 349-424. In: A.B. Chiarelli and E. Capanna (eds.),Cytotaxonomy and Vertebrate Evolution. Academic Press, London.[Genetics; Morphology]243. ., Atkins, L., and Holzinger, T. 1967. New karyotypic data on 15 genera oflizards in the family Iguanidae, with a discussion of taxonomic and cytologicalimplications. Cytogenetics 6(3-4): 286-299. [Genetics; Morphology;Taxonomy]244. ., Wilson, A.C, and Nakanishi, M. 1971. A biochemical approach towardsthe study of reptilian phylogeny: evolution of serum albumin and lacticdehydrogenase. Syst. Zool. 20(?): 167-185. [Evolution; Genetics]245. Gowan, R. 1991. AFH interview: Howard Lawler. Vivarium 2(6): 7, 30-31.[Captive Management]246. Grant, C. 1947. Dr. Charles Haskins Townsend (obituary). Herpetologica4(1): 38-40. [General Interest]247. Gratzer, W.B. and Allison, A.C. 1960. Multiple haemoglobins. Biol. Rev. 35:459506. [Physiology]248. Gray, R.L. 1995. San Esteban chuckwallas Sauromalus varius: An Arizona-SonoraDesert Museum delight. The Vivarium 6(4):52-54. [Captive Management]249. Greek, T. 1990. Outdoor cages. North. California Herpetol. Soc. 9(5):3-5.[Captive Management]
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250. Greenberg, N.B. and MacLean, P.D. (eds.) 1978. Behavior and neurology oflizards: an interdisciplinary colloquium. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, andWelfare, Rockville, Maryland. 352 pp. [Behavior]251. Greene, H.W. 1988. Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles, pp. 1-152. //?: C. Gansand R.B. Huey (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 16, Ecology B: Defenseand Life History, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York. [Ecology]252. Gregory, P.T. 1982. Reptilian hibernation, pp. 53-154. In: C. Gans and F.H.Rough (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 13, Physiology D: PhysiologicalEcology, Academic Press, London. [Ecology; Physiology]253. Grenot, C., Barbault, R. and Maury, M.E. 1978. Contribution a la connaissance deI'herpetocenose du Bolson de Mapiim' (Desert de Chihuahua, Mexique).Compte Rendu Seances Soc. Biogeogr. 54(476):67-84. [Distribution]254. Grinnell, J. and Camp, C.L. 1917. A distributional list of the amphibians and
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266. Hamilton, P. 1995. Environmental and geographic influences on the expression ofsexual dimorphism in the chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. M.A. Thesis,Univ. of California, Riverside, Riverside, California. [Morphology;Life History]267. Hansen, R.M. 1974. Dietary of the chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, determined bydung analysis. Herpetologica 30(2): 120-123. [Diet]268. Hayward, C.L., Beck, D.E. and Tanner, W.W. 1958. Zoology of the UpperColorado River Basin. 1. The biotic communities. Brigham Young Univ.Sci. Bull. Biol. Ser. 1(3): 1-74. [Distribution]269. Hevly, R.H., Heuett, M.L., and Olsen, S.J. 1978. Paleoecological reconstructionfrom an upland Patayan rock shelter, Arizona. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci.13:67-78. [Paleontology]270. Heymann, M.M. 1975. Reptiles and Amphibians of the American Southwest.Doubleshoe, Scottsdale, Arizona. 77 pp. [Distribution]271. Hill, H.R. 1948. Amphibians and reptiles of Los Angeles County. Los AngelesCo. Mus. Sci. Ser. 12(5):5-30. [Distribution]272. Hiller, U. and Dieterich, H.J. 1989. Vergleichende TEM/REM-Untersuchungen anGeweben unterschiedlichen Erhalmngszastands. Verb. Anat. Ges. 81(2):669-670. [Morphology]273. Hoevers, L.G.A. and Roon, E.M. van. 1960. Woestijnbewoners in het terrarium[Reptilian inhabitants of the desert in terrarium]. Lacerta 18(7): 52-56.[Captive Management]274. Hoff, G.L. and Hoff, D.M. 1984. Salmonella and Arizona, pp. 69-82. In: G.L.Hoff, F.L. Frye and E.R. Jacobson (eds.). Diseases of Amphibians andReptiles. Plenum, New York. [Disease]275. Hollingsworth, B. 1995. The phylogenetic systematics, taxonomy, geographicvariation, and histortical biogeography of the chuckwalla lizards (Iguanidae:Sauromalus) and the evolution of other iguanids. M.S. Thesis, San DiegoState University, San Diego, California. [Evolution; Morphology;Paleontology; Taxonomy]276.
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282. Howell, B.J. and Rahn, H. 1976. Regulation of acid-base balance in reptiles, pp.335-363. In: C. Gans and W.R. Dawson (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol.5, Physiology A, Academic Press, London. [Physiology]283. Howes, P.G. 1954. The giant cactus forest and its world. New York, pp. 1-258.[General Interest]284. Hubert, C. June 29, 1983. Curator helping eighteen chuckwallas stay in andmultiply at museum. Forked Tongue 9(2): 7-8. [Captive Management]285. Hudson, R. 1983. The reptile reproduction program at the Fort Worth Zoo. Ann.Rept. Symp. Capt. Propag. Husb. 6:328-349. [Captive Management;Life History]286. Huey, R.B. 1982. Temperature, physiology, and the ecology of reptiles, pp. 25-91.In. C. Gans and F.H Pough (eds.). Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 12,Physiology C: Physiological Ecology, Academic Press, London. [Ecology;Physiology]287. Hunsaker, D. and Burrage, B.R. 1969. The significance of interspecific socialdominance in iguanid lizards. Am. Midi. Nat. 81(2):500-511. [Ecology]288. Hutchison, V.H. and Larimer, J.L. 1960. Reflectivity of the integument of somelizards from different habitats. Ecology 41:199-209. [Ecology; Physiology]
289. Irvine, F.R. 1960. Lizards and crocodiles as food for man. Brit. J. Herpetol.2:197-202. [General Interest]290. Iverson, J.B. 1979. Behavior and ecology of the rock iguana Cydura carinata.Bull. Florida St. Mus. Biol. Sci. 24(3): 176-358. [Behavior; Ecology]291. . 1980. Colic modifications in iguanine lizards. J. Morphol.163(l):79-93. [Morphology]292.
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299. Karasov, W.H., Solberg, D.H., and Diamond, J.M. 1985. What transportadaptations enable mammals to absorb sugars and amino acids faster thanreptiles? Am. J. Physiol. 249(2) :G271-G283. [Physiology]300. ., Petrossian, E., Rosenberg, L., and Diamond, J.M. 1986. How do foodpassage rates and assimilation differ between herbivorous lizards andnonruminant mammals? J. Comp. Physiol. (B) 156(4): 599-609. [Physiology]301. Kastle, W. and KJemmer, K. 1975. The iguanids, family Iguanidae. pp. 177-202.In: B.H. Grizmek (ed.), Animal Life Encyclopedia Vol. 6. Reptiles. VanNostrand Reinhold, New York. [General Interest]302. Kattinger, E. 1975. Zoologische Streifziige in Mexico sudlich des Tropico deCancer. Ber. Naturf. Ges. Bamberg (50):89-169. [Distribution]303. Kay, F. and Bradley, W.G. 1968. The occurrence and distribution of the easternfence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) in southern Nevada. Herpetologica24(l):72-76. [Distribution]304. Klauber, L.M. 1934. Annotated list of the amphibians and reptiles of the southernborder of California. Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego (11): 1-28. [Distribution]305.
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315. Lara Gongora, G., Lawler, H.E., R. Molina F., and C. Castillo S. 1987.Dimorfismo sexual en la iguana de la isla de San Esteban, Sauromalus varius.Abstract. In: Proc. of the Joint Annual Meeting of SSAR and HL, andComite Herpetologico Nacional, Veracruz, Mexico. [Ecology; Morphology]316. Lawler, H.E. 1982. Captive breeding and conservation: New horizons at the desertmuseum. Sonorensis 4(2):5. [Captive Management; Conservation;Life History]
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