SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBulletin 84 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF OPHIURANSOF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM RENE KCEHLERProfessor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE1914 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued April 9, 1914. ADVERTISEMENT.The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist oftwo series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins.The Proceedings, the firet volume of which was issued in 1878, are intendedprimarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papersbased on the collections of the National ^luseum, presenting newly acquired factsin zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forma ofannuals, and revi^sions of lunited groups. One or two volumes are issued annuallyand distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number ofcopies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and othersinterested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication isprmted on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contentsof the volume.The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of sepa-rate publications comprismg chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and othergeneral systematic treaties (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reportsof expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. Tliemajority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a fewinstances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable.Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanicalcollections of the Museum, and known as the Contributions from the National Iler-harium, has been published as bulletins.The present work forms No. 84 of the Bulletin series.Richard Rathbun,Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,In charge of the United States National Museum.Washington, D. C., February 27, 191J^. m TABLE OF CONTENTS. ' FagA.Introduction ^Family Ophiodermatidae ^Ophioderma appressa (Say) 3brevicauda Liitken ^brevispina (Say) *cinerea Miiller and Troschel ?? 6rubicunda Liitken 7variegata Liitken 'clypeata, new species 7species ?Ophiarachnella angulata (Lyman) 9Bathypectinura tessellata (Lyman) 9Family Ophiolepidie 9Opliiolepis elegans Liitken 9paucispina (Say) ^^Ophiozona impressa (Liitken) Hnivea var. compta Verrill HOphiomastus secundus Lyman 11Ophioglypha convexa Lyman 12coronata, new species 12elevata Lyman 16falcifera Lyman 1^fasciculata Lyman 1'inornata Lyman 18irrorata Lyman 18lepida L)-maQ 20Ijungmani Lyman 21lymani I,juugman 22robusta (Ayres) 23sarsii (Liitken) 23BculptiUs Lyman 24Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman 24lymani AV)'\'ille Thomson 26planum Lyman 26rugosum, new species 26eculptum Verrill 28serratum Lyman 29testudo Lyman 29vaUdum Ljungman 31armigerum Lj-man 31Ophiomisidium, new genus 32gpeciosum, new species 34pulchellum (W>-\-ille Thomson) 37Ophiocten haatatum Lyman 37 VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page.Family Amphiuridae 38Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaus) 38Ophioetigma isacanthum (Say) 38Hemipholis elongata (Say) 39Ophiactis asperula (Philippi) 40dispar (Verrill) 40duplicata (Lyman) 40miilleri Lutken 41savignyi (Miiller and Troechel) 41Amphilepis norvegica (Ljimgman) 42Ophiopliragmus wundermani (Lyman) 42Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman 42loveni (Ljungman) 42scabriuscula (Lutken) 43Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman) 43Ophionereiq reticulata (Say) 44squamuloea, new name 44Ophiopsila riisei Liitken 45maculata (Verrill) 45Amphiura flexuosa Ljungman 45latispina Ljungman 48rathbuui, new species 50kinbergiensis, new species 52palmeii Lyman 55fibulata, new species 56kiikenthali Kcehler 59complanata Ljungman 59otteri Ljungman 61grandisquama Lyman 63stimpsoni Lutken 64magellanica Lyman 05diducta, new species 65Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje) 66tenuispina Ljungman 66gracillima (Stimpson) 66Amphiodia erecta, new species 67lutkeni (Ljungman) 09pulchella (Lyman) 70Amphioplus abdita (Verrill) 71cuneata (Lyman) 71Family Ophiomycetidae 72Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman 72Family Ophiacanthidse 72Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill 74anomala Sars 77aspera Lyman 80bidentata (Retzius) 80echinulata Lyman 81enopla Lyman 83fraterna Verrill 83granulifera Verrill 86ILneata Koebler 87pentacrinus Lutken 88meridionalis Lyman 91 TABLE OF CONTENTS. VUFamily Ophiacanthida;?Continued. Page.Ophiacantha vepratica Lyman 94viv-ipara Ljungman 96(Ophiopristis) permixta, new species 96(Ophiotreta) affinis, new species 99(Ophiotreta) sertala (Lyman) 102(Ophiotreta) valencicnncsi Lyman 102Ophiomitrella americana, new species 103levis, new species 105tevipellis (Lyman) 106porrecta, new species 107Ophiomitra robusta, new species 108valida Lyman 110Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman) IllOphiolimna littoralis Koehler IllOphioleda minima Koehler IllOphiotrema gracilis, new species 112Ophiocamax austera Verrill 114fasciculata Lyman 114Ophiologimus socundus, now species 115Ophiochiton grandis Verrill 116Family Ophiocomidte 116Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman 116echinata (Lamarck) 117pumila LUtken 117riisei Liitken 118Family Ophiothridd;i> 118Ophiothrix angulata (Say) 118lineata Lyman 120oerstedii Liitken 121suensonii Liitken 121con^oluta, new species 122Family Ophioscolecidse 124Ophioscolex glacialis Miiller and Troschel 124Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species 124Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, new species 125Family Ophiochondridae 127Ophiochondrus granulatus, new species 127armatus (Koehler) 129Family OphiomjTddse 132Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say) 132Ophiodera stimpsonii (Lyman) 132Family Hemieuryalidae 133Sigsbcia coniiera, new species 133sexradiata, new species 135Fanaily Astrochemidae 137Astrochema elongatum, new species 137Bibliographical References 141Explanation of Plates 143Supplementary list of West Indian Ophiurans 147Index 167 A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE OPHIURANSOF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.By Rexe Kcehler.Professor of Zoology, Universiti/ of Lyon, France. INTRODUCTION.The United States National Museum has been kind enough to entrust to me thestudy of a considerable collection of ophiurans commg chiefly from the CaribbeanSea, and including both littoral and deep-sea forms.' Thia collection contains acertain number of new species additional to those already discovered by the UnitedStates Coast Survey steamer Blal-e in the same waters. Among the species whichare already known, many are very common and offer no special interest, but thereare also a good many others the charactei-s of which have not been indicated bythe authors m a satisfactory manner, so that I have found it necessary to studythem in detail. Among them, I have particularly devoted my attention to thespecies of AmpMura and Ofhiacantha, both genera being understood in the widestsense. It seemed to me useful not to limit my observations to the species repre-sented in the collection which had been entrusted to me, but to extend them tocertain neighbormg forms, the knowledge of which was likely to help toward anunderstanding of the former. I will describe and illustrate these forms in thepresent paper and I think that I shall not be reproached with having made it toolong through such additions.For such a comparative study, I had to have recourse to the examination ofa certain number of type-specimens, the most important and most numerous ofwhich had been described either by Liitken or by Ljungman. These types, whichare kept in the Stockholm Museum and in the Copenhagen Museum were mostkindly communicated to me by Professor Theel and my very good friend DoctorMortensen, to whom I beg to tender my best thanks for their kindness. The UnitedStates National Museum communicated to me also a few of Professor VerriU'sspecies.The collection which has been handed to me includes in all 129 species, of which24 are new. Here is a list of them:Family OPfflODERMATID.E.Ophioderma appressa (Say).Ophioderma brevicauda Lutken.Ophioderma bremspina (Say).Ophioderma cinerea Miiller and Troschel.Ophioderma rubicunda Lutken. Ophioderma variegata Lutken.Ophioderma clypeala, new species.Ophioderma, species.Ophiaraehnella angulata (LjTnan).Batkypectinura tessellata (Lyman). ' To complete the published records of West Indian ophiurans in the United States National Museum a list is appendedof specimena identified by the Hon. Theodore Lyman but never reported on. BULLETIN UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Family OPHIOLEPID^E.OpMoUpis elegans Liltken.Ophiolepis paucispina (Say).OpMozona impressa (Ltitken).Ophiozona nivea var. compta Verrill.Ophiomastus seniiidus Lyman.Ophioglypha convexa Lyman.Ophioglypha coronata, new species.Ophioglypha elevata Lyman.Ophioglyphafaldfera Lyman.Ophioglypha fasciculata Lyman.Ophioglypha inornata Lyman.Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman.Ophioglypha lepida Lyman.Ophioglypha Ijiingmani Lyman.Ophioglypha lymani Ljungman. Ophioglypha robusta (Ayres).Ophioglypha sarsii (Liitken).Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman.Ophiomusium ehurneum Lyman.Ophiomusium lymani Wyville Thomson.Ophiomusium planum Lyman.Ophiomusium rugosum, new species.Ophiomusium sculptum Verrill.Ophiomusium serratum Lyman.Ophiomusium testudo Lyman.Ophiomusium validum Ljungman.Ophiomusium armigerum Lyman.Ophiomisidiuvi speciosum, new species.Ophiomisidium pulchellum (Wyville Thomson).Ophiocten hasiatum Lyman.Family AilPHIUKID^.OpMopholis aculeata (Linnaeus).Ophiostigma isacanthum (Say).Hemipholis elongata (Say).Ophiactis asperula (Philippi).Ophiactis dispar (Verrill).Ophiactis duplicata (Lj-man).Ophiactis millleri Liitken.Ophiactis savignyi (M tiller and Troschel).Amphilepis norvegica (Ljungman).Ophiophragmus wundermani (Lyman).Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman.Opiocnida loveni (Ljungman).Ophiocnida scabriusnila (Lutken).Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman).Ophionereis reticulata (Say).Ophionereis squamulosa, new name.Ophiopsila rlisei Lutken.Ophiopsila maculata Verrill.Amphiura fexuosa Ljungman.Amphiura latispina Ljungman. Amphiura rathbuni, new species.Amphiura Knbergiensis, new species.Amphiura palmeri Lyman.Amphiura fibulata, new species.Amphiura hiikenihali Koehler.Amphiura complanata Ljungman.Amphiura otteri Ljungman.Amphiura grandisquama Lyman.Amphiura stimpsoni Lutken.Amphiura magellanica Lyman.Amphiura diducta, new species.Amphipholis squartrnta (Delle Chiaje.)Amphipholis tenuispina Ljungman.Amphipholis gradllima Stimpson.Amphiodia erecta, new species.Amphiodia liitleni (Ljungman).Amphiodia pulchella (Lyman).Amphioplus abdita (Verrill).Amphioplus euneata (Lyman). Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman. Family OPHIOMYCETID^.IFamDy OPHIACANTHID^.Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill.Ophiacantha anonwla Sars.Ophiacantha aspera Lyman.Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius).Ophiacantha echinulata Lyman.Ophiacantha enopla Lyman.Ophiacanthafratema Verrill.Ophiacantha granulifera Verrill.Ophiacantha lineata Koehler.Ophiacantha pentacrinus Lutken.Ophiacantha meridionalis Lyman.Ophiacantha vepratica Lyman. Ophiacantha vivipara Ljungman.Ophiacantha {Ophioprislis) permixta, new species.Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) affinis, new species.Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) sertata (Lyman).Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) valencimnesi Lyman.Ophiomilrella americana, new species.Ophiomitrella levis, new species.Ophiomilrella Ixvipellis (Lyman).Ophiomitrella porrecta, new species.Ophiomitra robusta, new species.Ophiomitra valida Lyman.Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman). OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.OphioUmva littoralis Koeliler.Ophioleda minivia Koeliler.Ophiotrema gracilis, new species.Ophiocamax auslera Verrill. Ophiocoma alexandri Ljinan.Ophiocovia echinata (Lamarck). OpMothrix angulata (Say).Ophiothrix lineala Lyman.OpMothrix cersledii Lutken. Ophiocamaxfasciculata Lyman.Ophiologimxis secundus, new species.Ophiochiton grandis Verrill.FamUy OPHIOCOmD^.Ophiocoma pumila Lutken.Ophiocoma riisei Lutken.FamUy OPfflOTHRICID^.Ophiothrix s^iensonii Lutken.Ophiothrix convoluta, new species.Family OPHIOSCOLECID^. I Ophiobymella quadrispinosa, new species. Ophiomyxa fiacdda (Say). Sigsbeia coni/era, new species Ophioscolex glarialis Muller and Troschel.Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species. |Family OPHIOCHONDRID^.Ophiochondrus granulattis, new species. | Ophiochondrus amuitus (Koehler).Family OPHIOMYXID^. I Ophiodera slimpsonii (Lyman).Family HEMIEURYALID^. I Sigsbeia seiradiata, new species.Family ASTROCHEMID^.Astrochema elongalum , new species. 1DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES.Family OPIIIODERMATID^.OPmODERMA APPRESSA (Say).{=Ophioderma virescens Liitkeu.)See for bibliography:Lyman (82),' p. 9.Verrill (99), p. 6.H. L. Clark (01), p. 242.H. L. Clark (Ola), p. 340.Verrill (07), p. 326.Koehler (07), p. 280.Koehler (13), p. 353.Albatross station 2323. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 51" N.; long. 82? 19' 03"W.; 163 fathoms; wh. br. co. One spccuuen.Alhatross station 2337. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 39" N.; long. 82? 20' 21"W.; 199 fathoms; co. One specimen.FisJi Hawk station 7182. Nov. 28, 1901. Lat. 29?; long. 83? 18' 45" W.;51 fathoms; rocky coral; temp. 15.3? C. Three specunens.Fish Hawk station 7215. Jan. 15, , 1902. Lat. 28? 26' N. ; long. 83? 02' 30"W.; 7i fathoms; rocky coral; temp. 13? C. One specunen. 1 The figures in parentheses, printed in IwlUtace type, refer to the bibUographio index at the end of the paper. 4 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Fish Hawk ^ station 7253. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27? 55' 30" N.;long. 83? 11 ' 30" W.; 13 fathoms; c. r.^; temp. 15.2? C. Two specimens.Fish Hawk station 7281. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28? 03' 30" N.;long. 83? 10' W.; 10 fathoms; s.; temp. 52? F. Two specimens.Sand Key Reef, Florida. Four specimens.Garden Key, Florida. One dry specimen.Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen.Florida. One dry specimen.Abaco, Bahamas. Eleven specimens.Hungry Bay, Bermudas. Three specimens.Key West. Three specimens.Swan Islands. Three specimens.Ascension Island. One specimen.OPHIODERMA BREVICAtJDA LUUcen.See for bibliography:Lutkeii (50), p. 94, pi. 1, fig. 3.Lyman (65), p. 16.Lyman (82), p. 9.Verrill (99), p. 5.Koehler (07), p. 281.Koehler (13), p. 354.Albatross station 2604. Oct. 18, 1885. Lat. 34? 37' .30" N.; long. 75? 39' 45"W.; 34 fathoms; yl. s. brk. sh. One specimen.Albatross station 2608. Oct. 19, 1885. Lat. 34? 32' 00" N.; long. 76? 12' 00"W.; 22 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. Two specimens.Fish Bawl- station 7164. Nov. 21, 1901. Peppei-fish Key. Lat. 83? 37' 20"N.; long. 29? 10' 45" W.; 8f fathoms; s.; temp. 18? C. One specimen.Abaco, Bahamas. Some specimens.Key West. One specimen.Ascension Island. One specimen.The specimens from Abaco are rather large, but they have almost completelylost their color, as have those from stations 2604 and 7164 and that from Ascension.The two smaller specimens from station 2608 have partly preserved their greenishtint. OPmODERMA BREVISPINA (Say).(=Ophiura olivaceum Ayres and O. serpi-ns Lutken.)See for bibliography : Lyman (82"), p. 9.Verrill (99), p. 4.H. L. Clark (01), p. 241.Koehler (07), p. 281.VerrUl (07), p. 326.Koehler (13), p. 354. * The steamers Fish Bawkj Albatross, and Speedwell and the schooner Orampus are vessels of the United States Fish Com-mission now Imown as the United States Bureau of Fisheries.2 The abbreviations for bottom materials are those used by the Bureau of Fisheries in its published records of dredging andother stations. OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5Albatross station 2467. July 3, 1885. Lat. 45? 23' N.; long. 55? 41' W.; 38fathoms; fne. wh. s. bk. sp.; temp. 35.8? F. Two specimens.Fish Hawk station 7181. Nov. 28, 1901. Lat. 29? 2' 30" X.; long. 83? 14'W.; 4i fathoms; sdy.; temp. 14.8? C. One specimen.Fish Bawlcst&tion 7221. Jan. 15, 1902. Lat. 28? 34' 45" N.; long. 83? 08' W.;5f fathoms; c. r. grs.; temp. 12.5? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7223. Jan. 17, 1902. Lat. 28? 36' N.; long. 82? 57' W.;3 fathoms; sd}^ grsy.; temp. 11.6? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk st&tion 7225. Jan. 17, 1902. Lat. 28? 42' 30" N.; long. 83? 09' 45"W.; 7 fathoms; s. brk. sh. grs.; temp. 12.2? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7277. Feb. 13, 1902. Key West. 5i fathoms; co. s.grs.; temp. 20? C. Two specimens.Fish Hawk station 7354. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay. Lat. 25? 10' 10" N.;long. 81? 28' 30" W.; 4J fathoms; h. gy. s.; temp. 23.5? C. Two specimens.Fish Hawk station 7373. Dec. 19, 1902. Florida Bay. Lat. 25? 01 ' N.; long.81? 25' 30" W.; 4i fathoms; sp. s. sh.; temp. 23? C. Three specimens.Fish Hawk station 7426. Jan. 27, 1903. Hawk Channel; 18 feet; s. andgrs.; temp. 23.5? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk st&tion 7429. Jan. 27, 1903. Hawk Channel; 14 feet; rky. Fourspecimens.Fish Hawk station 74G6. Feb. 19, 1903. Hawk Channel; 2i fathoms, barry.Fi^h Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1903. Hawk Channel; 2J fathoms. Twospecimens.Fish Hawk station 7484. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; IJfathoms; s. grs. Two specimens.Grampus station 5108. Mar. 21, 1889. Lat. 26? 19' N.; long. 83? 11' W.; 27fathoms; m. Three specimens.Florida:Key West. Forty-eight specimens.Key Largo. Forty-eight specimens.Indian Key. Seven specimens.Lower Matacumba. Two hundred and twelve specimens.Cape Komano. One specimen.Cedar Keys. Sixty-nine specimens.Boca Ceiga Bay. Three specimens.Sarasota Bay. Four specimens.Puntarasa. A few specimens.St. Augustine. One dry specimen.Dry Tortugas. Tliree specimens.NW. end St. Martin's reef. One specimen.No label. Three specimens.0. brevispina offers a wide geographical range, and the synonymy with0. oUvacea being admitted, the species would extend from Cape Cod and VineyardSound to the Brazihan coasts, where it has been reported by Ludwig. Verrillis rather incUned to see in the form oUvacea, which had formerly been describetl asa distinct species, a northern variety living between Cape Cod and Charleston. 6 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.I do not think that this species can be united with 0. januarii Liitken. Ihave been able to compare with the numerous specimens of 0. brevispina whicli Ihave been studying of late years, one of Liitken's two types which are preserved inthe Copenhagen Museum and which were most kindlylent to me by Doctor Mortensen.It is undoubtedly quite a distinct form ; besides the fact that 0. januarii alwaysreaches a very large size (the diameter of the disk is 18 mm. in Liitken's typesand 17 mm. in Lyman's example), I notice that the characters indicated by Liitkenare very obvious, and the notches of the upper face of the disk at the beginningof the arms are even still deeper than indicated on Liitken's drawing; the spines,which are cylindrical, are almost as long as the article. To sum up, the differencesare important enough to justify the separation of the two species, between whichI have never observed any intermediate form.OPmODERMA CINEREA MUlIer and Troschel.(=Op}noderma antillarum Liitken.)See for bibliography:Verrill (99), p. 6.H. L. Clark (01), p. 242.Verrill (07), p. 325.Koehler (07), p. 281.Koehler (13), P- 354.Albatross station 2160. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23? 10' 31" N.; long. 82? 20' 37"W. ; 167 fathoms; co. One specimen.Albatross station 2166. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23? 10' 36" N.; long. 82? 20' 30"W.; 196 fathoms; co.; temp. 71.9? F. Five specimens.Albatross station 2326. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23? 11' 45" N".; long. 82? 18' 54"W.; 194 fathoms; br. co.; temp. 62? F. One specimen.Albatross station 2330. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 48" N.; long. 82? 19' 15"W.; 121 fathoms; fne. gy. co. Four specimens.Albatross station 2333. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 36" N.; long. 82? 19' 12"W.: 169 fathoms; fne. wh. co. Two specimens.Albatross station 2334. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 42" N. ; long. 82? IS' 24"W.; 67 fathoms; wh. co. Four specimens.Albatross station 2336. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 48" N.; long. 82? 18' 52"W.; 157 fathoms; co. Two specimens.Albatross station 2341. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23? 11' 00" N.; long. 82? 19' 06"W. ; 143 fathoms; co. One specimen.Albatross station 2384. Mar. 3, 1885. Lat. 28? 45' 00" N.; long. 88? 15' 30"W.; 940 fathoms; br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6? F. Eight specimens.Fisl Hawk station 7231. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28? 03' 30" N.;long. 83? 10' W.; 10 fathoms; rky. c; temp. 13.5? C. Three specimens.Key West, Florida. Three specimens.New Providence, Bahamas. Three specimens.Port Castries, St. Lucia. One specimen.Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Albatross, Dec. 27, 1887. Nine dry specimens, verylarge and fine. The diameter of the disk ranges between 20 and 26 mm. OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7OPHIODERMA RUBICUNDA LUtken. ? See for bibliography:Verrill (06), p. 6.n. L. Clark (01), p. 2-12.Kcehler (07), p. 282.Koehler (13), p. 354.Nassau. One specimen (Xo. 14646).OPHIODERMA VARIEGATA LUtken.Ophioderma variegata Lltkev (59), p. 97.Ophodenna variegata Ljunum.^n (66), p. 304.Ophiura variegata Veruili, (67), p. 254.Ophiura variegata L-ni.\N (76), p. 3.Ophiura variegata Lyman (82), p. 10.Ophioderma variegata Lutken and Mortensem (99), p. 100.Ophioderma variegata K(eiiler (07), p. 282.Albatross station 2S24. Apr. 30, 1888, Gulf of California. Lat. 24? 22'30" N.; long. 110? 19' 30" W.; 8 fathoms; brk. sh. Ten specimens.The diameter of the disk ranges between 5 and 8 mm. ; the length of the armsreaches 25 mm.Most of the specimens have preserved bright colors. The upper face of thedisk is pink or even red, washed -with green in the interi'adial spaces near the marginof the disk; the under face is greenish. The ai-ms are annulated with green andred. Tliese colors are even brighter than is generally indicated.By their general structure, these specimens are most closely alhed with0. brevispina from the Atlantic, from wliich they differ above all by their colora-tion. The bracliial spines, generally amounting to seven, are short. 0. variegatais likely to be one day definitely classified mth 0. brevispina, as some writers havealready suggested. OPHIODERMA CLYPEATA, new species.Plate 18, figs. 2 and C.Blal-e station. 241. Feb. 24, 1879. Off Grenadines; 103 fathoms; s., co.;temp. .53? F. One specimen.Tijpe.?Cnt. No. 6514, U.S.N.M.This Ophiura was labeled Ophioderma elapsl It was mentioned imder thesame name, followed as weU by a note of interrogation, by Lyman in 1883 (83,p. 230), with other mdividuals coming from two other stations (depths 300 and 120fathoms), and which I have not seen.Lyman says only that these specimens differ from Liitken's tyjje in havingfrom six to seven bracliial spines instead of from seven to eight. In fact, the differ-ences are actually more important, and I have been able to appreciate them bycomparing the specimen wliich belongs to the United States National Museum withone of Liitken's types, which my friend Doctor Mortensen has Idndly lent meIt seems to me impossible that this specimen should be united with 0. elaps, and,in my opinion, it ought to constitute a new species for which I propose the nameof Ophioderma. chjpeata.6061??Bull. 84?14 2 8 BLTLLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.I give here (pi. 18, figs. 2 and 6) two photographs representing the upper andunder faces of the new species, and, for comparison, a photograph of the under faceof 0. elaps (fig. 4) ; the iipper face of the disk and a side view of the arms of the hatterspecies are represented on plate 1, figs. 1 and 2.The new species being fairly near to 0. elaps, it will be sufficient to indicatehere the differences which separate them.The diameter of the disk is 29 mm. and the largest arm is 142 mm. long.The notches of the upper face of the disk of 0. dypeata, at the beginning of thearms, are less strongly marked than in 0. elaps; they do not reach beyond the secondupper brachial plate, and, moreover, the first of these two plates is extremely shortand rudimental; it may even be completely lacking; while in 0. elaps, the notchextends at least as.far as the middle of the third upper bracliial plate. The shapeof the upper brachial plates is the same in both species, but the under plates of0. ehjpeata are very much widened, and they are much wider than long, with aconvex distal edge and rounded sides, while in 0. elaps, these plates are almostsquare, nearly as wide as long, and the lateral edges remain straight; they jom thedistal side by a rounded angle only.The number of the brachial spines is always inferior by one unit to that observedin 0. elaps as it has been indicated by Lyman. This number, which is seven at thebase of the arms, afterwards decreases to six. Excepting the first ventral spine,which is more developed, all these spines are almost as long as the article and theyare clearly more elongated than in 0. elaps; consequently, the difference betweenthe length of the first ventral spine and that of the following spines is not so stronglymarked as in the latter species; in return, this first ventral spine is a Httle morewidened here.Lastly, the shape of the mouth shields is altogether different in the two species.Instead of being triangular, as long as wide, with a rounded apex, a convex distaledge and very wideh' rounded lateral angles, these shields are rather quadrangidar:they are somewhat longer than wide and their distal side, which is very clearlyexcavated, joins the lateral edges in angles which are more open and much morebroadly rounded than in 0. elaps. These lateral edges are hardly convergent andthey are united by a very convex proximal edge, but they do not join in an angle,as is the case for this latter species. The shield which carries the madreporic poreis more particularly elongated and it is one-and-a-half times longer than wide.The sum of these characters seems important enough to account for a specificseparation for this Ophioderma, which perhaps does not abandon a certain depth.OPmODERMA, species ?, young.Plate 2, figs. 1-2,Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen (Ace. No. 41471).I can not specifically determine a Yerj young specimen which evidently belongsto the genus Ophioderma, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 4.5 mm.,wliile its arms reach only 10 mm. This example is remarkable, owing to the factthat the various parts of the body are almost entirely covered Math very numerousgranules which appear on certain plates or plate-parts which ought to be bare in OPHITJRANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Qthe adult. Thus the central part of the upi^er and under brachial plates alone isvisible, and the bare parts of these plates remain separated from one anoflier byseveral rows of gi-anules. These completely cover tlie lateral plates and the mouthpieces, whicli in consequence entirely disappear. On the upper face of the disk,however, the radial shields are distinct and completely bare. Tlie brachial spinesamount to sL\ only: They are short, small, conical, pointed, rather loosely settogether, and the first ventral one is a little larger than the others. The two suc-cessive genital slits, whicl) normally exist in the genus OpModerma on each side ofthe interradial spaces at the base of the arms, are ah-eady well shaped and wellseparated.This specimen must be a j'oung one of a rather large-sized species, perhapsof 0. cincrca. Owing to its peculiar characters, I beg to present here two illus-trations which represent respectively its upper and its under face (pi. 2, figs. 1,2).OPHIARACHNELLA (=PECTINURA) ANGULATA (Lyman).Peciinura angulala Lyman (83), p. 232, pi. 3, figs. 7-9.Pectinura angulata Veerill (99), p. 8.Ophiarachndla angulata H. L. Clauk (09), p. ]24.Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 39" X.; long. 80? 20' 21"W.; 213 fathoms; co. One specimen.The example is in good state, although one of the arms has been broken fromits base; the diameter of the disk is 25 nmi., and the length of the arms exceeds120 mm. It is altogether in conformity with Lyman's description: There are threepairs of pores at the beginning of the arms and the tentacular scales are really two.It was owing to a misprint, which 11. L. Clark pointed out with reason, that Iindicated a single tentacular scale when comparing this species with Pectinurahonorata (04, p. 8).The BlaJce dredged 0. angulata between 88 and 248 fathoms, and the Bahamaexpedition found it again on the Bahama Bank.BATHYPECTINURA TESSELLATA (Lyman).See for bibliography:H. L. Clark (09), p. 130.Albatross station 2384. Mar. 3, 1885. Lat. 28? 45' N.; long. 88? 15' 30" W ?940 fathoms; br. gy. m.; temp. 39.G?F. One specimen. " *'Family OPHIOLEPID.E.OPHIOLEPIS ELEGANS Lutken.Ophiolepis clcgans Lutken (59), p. 105.Ophiolcpis elcgans Lyman (65), p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 5.Ophiolepis elcgans Lyman (82), p. 20.Ophiolcpis elcgans Ives (89), p. 175.Ophiolcpis elcgans IT. L. Clark (01), p. 242.Albatross station 2605. Oct. 18, 1885. Lat. 34? 35' 30" N.; long. 75? 45' 30"W.; 32 fathoms; wh. s. bk. sp. One specimen. 10 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Albatross station 2608. Oct. 19, 1885. Lat. 34? 32' N.; long. 76? 12' W.;22 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. Three specimens.Grampus station 5076. Mar. 1, 1889. Lat. 25? 24' N.; long. 83? 28' W.;39 fathoms; gr. co. fne. sh. One specimen.Grampus station 5088. Mar. 11, 1889. Lat. 25? 44' 32" N.; long. 83? 24'15" W.; 34 fathoms; fne. s. Two specimens.Grampus station 5100. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26? 04' N.; long. 83? 00' W.;26 fathoms; hrd. blk. gr. One specimen.Grampus station 5102. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26? 08' N.; long. 83? 22' W.;33 fathoms; s. blk. sp. One specimen.Grampus station 5109. Mar. 21, 1889. Lat. 26? 17' 30" N.; long. 83? 00' W.;24 fathoms; fne. gy. s. blk. sp. One specimen.FisJi Hawk station 7108. Mar. 28, 1901. N. Channel into Tampa Bay; 12ffathoms; br. sh. and s.; temp. 19.1? C. Ten specimens.FisTi Hawk station 7180. Nov. 27, 1901. North Key; 3^ fathoms; sdy. rky.;temp. 14.5? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7210. Dec. 9, 1901. Lat. 28? 50' 30" N.; long. 83? 11' 45"W.; 6 fathoms; sdy. stcky.; temp. 16.5? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7261. Jan. 29, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27? 42' 30" N.;long. 82? 46' 50" W.; 3i fathoms; hrd. brk. sh.; temp. 15.5? C. Four specimens.Fish Hawk station 7290. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24? 46' 12" N.; long. 81? 53'30" W.; lOi fathoms; co.; temp. 19? C. Two specimens.Fish Hawk station 7291. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24? 42' 30" N.; long. 81? 55'52" W.; 7{ fathoms; hd. smooth; temp. 19.5? C. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7349. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay; 11^ feet; s. sh.Twenty-six specimens.Fish Hawk station 7516. Mar. 30, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida;fn. gy. s. CO.; temp. 69? F. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7517. Mar. 30, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida.Thirty-six fathoms; fn. gy. s. brk. sh.; temp. 74? F. Five specimens.Nassau. Albatross. One specimen.Sarasota Bay, Florida. Eleven specimens.Puntarasa, Florida. Many specimens.Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Three specimens.N. W. end of St. Martm's Keef, Florida. Four specimens.Tampa Bay, Florida. Several specimens.Marco, Florida. Many specimens.Cape Romano, Florida. Thirteen specimens.South of Key West, Florida. One specimen.Florida. Five specimens.Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. One specimen.0. elegans has been found previously in South Carolma and various localitiesof the West Indies. Greeff met with it on the western coast of Africa. OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11OPHIOLEPIS PAUCISPINA (Say).See for bibliography:Liitken (59), p. 102, pi. 2, fig. 2.Lyman (65), p. 65.Lyman (82), p. 19.Greeff (82), p. 157.Kcehlcr (07), p. 287.Verrill (07), p. 325.Kcehler (13), p. 355.Key West, Florida. Four specimens.Without indication. One specimen.This species, known in several parts of the West Indies, has been found byGreeff at San Thome (Guinea), at a depth of 1.5-20 fathoms.OPHIOZONA IMPRESSA (Lutken).See for bibliography:Verrill (99), p. 8.H. L. Clark (01), p. 2-13.Kcehler (13), p. 355.Dry Tortugas, Florida. One specimen.Key West, Florida. Forty specimens.OPmOZONA NIVEA var. COMPTA Verrill.Ophiozona nivea var. compta Verrill (99a), p. 303.Off Havana, 18S6. One specimen.Diameter of disk 9..') mm.; one arm only is entii-e, its length being about .30 mm.The radial sliields are separated on their whole length.Tliis specimen can be referred to the variety distinguished l)_y ^'errill, but ifwe consider how easily this species varies, a fact owned by Verrill himseK, one maybe in doubt as to the usefulness of introducing a new variety based on the radialshields being more or less spread, while there are other plates, such as the mouthshields for instance, which are likely to van,^ quite notably in shape and in theirrelations with one another.0. nivea var. compta has been met with off Havana, between 110 and 263fathoms. The typical species has been taken in various localities of the CaribbeanSea by the Hassler and the Blalce, between 56 and 424 fathoms.OPHIOMASTUS SECUNDUS Lyman.Ophiomastus sicundus Lym.\n (78a), p. 218, pi. 2, figs. l(j-18.Ophiomastus seeundus Lyman (82), p. 101, pi. 39, fig. 14.Ophiomastus seeundus Lyman (83), p. 248.Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25? 46' 30" X.; long. 80? 02' W.;157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4? F. Several specimens.Albatross station 2646. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25? 47' N.; long. 80? 05' W.;85 fathoms; gy. s. for. Three specimens. 12 BULLETIK 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Alhatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 47' 30" N.; long. 79? 49' W.;270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3? F. Two specimens.Fish Hawlc station 7295. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24? 21' 45" N.; long. 81? 47'45" W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 19.5? C. One specimen.0. secundus has been found by the Blake at Santa Cruz and various otherplaces in the West Indies, between 60-150 and 1,131 fathoms.OPHIOGLYPHA CONVEXA Lyman.Plate 2, figs. 5-6.See for bibhography:Koehler (09), p. 149.Aliatross station 2097. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37? 56' 20" N.; long. 70? 57'30" W.; 1,917 fathoms; glob. oz. Six specimens.Albatross station 2098. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37? 40' 30" N.; long. 70? 37'30" W. ; 2,221 fathoms; glob. oz. Seventeen specimens.The diameter of the disk ranges between 10 and 15 mm.I have already referred ' to the variations which this species may offer and whichI myself have ascertamed after Lyman. When the upper plates of the disk becomemore numerous, the specimens may display some characters wliich recall those of 0.hullata WjY]]leThomson and, in this connection, I must particularly refer to two speci-mens from station 2098. In one of them, the diameter of the disk of wliich reachesonly 12 mm., the upper plates are not so numerous as usual, but the six primaryplates are separated from one another in each inten-adial space by two successivelittle plates, an arrangement which has not yet been reported in 0. convexa; thetwo radial shields of each pan- are also isolated from each other by a row of smallplates. In the other specimen, the diameter of the disk of which is 15 mm., theradial sliields are also separated on their whole length and the upper plates of thedisk are faii-ly numerous. Tliis arrangement, in such specimens as undoubtedlybelong to 0. convexa, makes a transition to 0. hullata to which, in other respects,0. convexa is closely allied.But whatever maj' be the variations in the arrangement of the upper platesof the disk, the racUal comb always consists of low, short, and rectangular papillte,as I have indicated in my paper on the Echinoderms of the Princesse-Alice (09, pi. 25,figs. 1 and 2). Besides, I shall refer again to the characters of 0. convexa whenstudying the following species, which is very closel}' allied to it.OPHIOGLYPHA CORONATA, new species.Plate 2, figs. 3-4.? Ophhglypha convexa Lyman (83), p. 247.Albatross station 2750. Nov. 27, 1887. Lat. 13? 30' N.; long. 63? 31' W.;496 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 36.8? F. Two specimens.Type.?Cat. No. 32290, U.S.N.M.The diameter of the disk is respectively 10.5, and 12 mm.; one of the arms,apparently entire, of the larger specimen, measures 25 mm. I Echinodermes provenant des campagnes dii j-acht Princess Alice, 1909, p. 150. OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13There is no doubt that this species, which I must consider as a new one, isidentical with the OphioglypJta indicated b}- Lyman in 1S83, who rcfoired it,together with other sj)ecimens, to 0. convexa, and wliich came from the dredgingsof the Blake in the West Indies. Here is what Lyman wrote about tliese specimens:The sbc primary plates extremely swollen, form an elevated njsette, overhanging \ery small radialshields, not s3-man had observed thatin some specimens of the Blal-e these shields covered the whole under face of thedisk inwardly of the genital plates; such is not the case in ni}' two examples, which 16 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.show out of the mouth shields a few small distal plates. The under bracliialplates are less developed in the new species and they become a little longer thanwide only between the fourth and the seventh article or thereabout, after whichthey rapidly become very small and triangular; I notice, on the contrary, that in0. convexa these plates remain longer than wide on the longest part of the arms,and they do not assume a triangular shape until near the last articles. All thesedifferences may readily be understood from the photographs which I reproduce here(pi. 2, figs. 3-6). It will be seen that a specific separation is amply justified.Let it be added, also, as Lyman stated, that 0. convexa has always been caughtin great depths, while the specimens of the Blake came from depths ranging between114 and 270 fathoms; the two specimens of ihe Albatross weve found somewhatdeeper.One might also compare 0. coronata with 0. solida Lyman, in which the platesof the upper face of the disk are arranged in a similar manner, but the charactersof the under face, and among others the shape of the mouth shields, wliich are verysmall, as well as that of the under brachial plates, make any comparison impossible.OPHIOGLYPHA ELEVATA Lyman.Plate 3, fig. 5.Ophioglypha elevata Ltman (78), p. 82, pi. 4, figs. 87-89.Ophioglypha elevata Lyman (82), p. 57, pi. 5, figs. 16-18.Albatross station 2675. Lat. 32? 32' 30" N.; long. 77? 15' W.; 327 fathoms;gy. s. bk. sp. sh.; temp. 45.8? F. One specimen.The diameter of the disk is 7 mm. ; none of the arms is preserved to its entirelength.Lyman's type was found by the Challenger in lat. 46? 40' S. and long 37? 50'E., in a depth of 310 fathoms. Notwithstanding the long distance between thestations, the example found by the Albatross really belongs to Lyman's species,although I notice a few difl'erences wliich are rather unimportant and are undoubt-edly due to the fact that the type was a little smaller, the diameter of the disk notexceeding 6 mm.Lyman says that the tentacular oral pores offer two scales on each side; inmy specimen I observe three on the interradial side and two or three on the radialside. The following pores have three and sometimes four scales on the proximaland external side. This number then falls to two and remains so on the wholepreserved length of the arms, while the distal and internal side generally con-tinues to show tlii-ee papillae. These papillse are not so sharply limited as theexternal scales, but they are, nevertheless, plainly noticeable; at a certain distancefrom the arm base the number of these scales falls to two, and finally to one.The mouth shields are wider distally than indicated in Lyman's drawing in the "Reports of the Challenger" (82, pi. 5, fig. 16); in the drawing in the Bulletin(78, pi. 4, fig. 87), the distal region is represented wider, but with fairly sharplateral angles, while these are actually rounded.The fii'st under brachial plates of 0. elevata are known to carry in their middlea longitudinal swelling which is characteristic of the species. Lyman says thatthis swelling is within the disk and he represents it on the first lour ventral plates.In my specimen this swelling appears on the first five plates at least. On the first OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 17plate it is wider than on the following ones, and it forms an almost rounded prom-inence which does not reach the proximal margin. It is on the three succeedingplates that the median protuberance reaches its full development; it is tliin, sharp,and extends over the whole length of the plate. On the fifth plate it is lessdeveloped, lower, narrower, and does not alwaj-s reach the proximal margin ofthe plate. Finally, the sixth plate sometimes shows, in the middle of its distalside, a small conical tubercle. The succeeding plates rapidly become narrowerand are longer than wide, and at the same time their proximal angle becomessharper; they are separated from the ninth or tenth upward.The upper brachial plates, the form of which has not been indicated by Lyman,are rectangular, and first they are wider than long with a narrow proximal side,a wide and convex distal side, and diverging lateral sides; they afterwards becomeas long as wide and finally longer than wide.0. elevata had not yet been met with except in the southern regions of theIndian Ocean, and a single specimen only was known; the discovery of that speciesin the Atlantic is, consequently, very interesting.OPmOGLYPHA FALCIFERA Lymao.See for bibliography : Ophioghjphafalcifera Lyman (82), p. 42.Albatross station 2659. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28? 32' N.; long. 78? 42' W.;509 fathoms; br. for.; temp. 45.2? F. One httle specimen.OPmOGLYPHA FASCICULATA Lyman.Ophioglypha /ascicidata Lyman (83), p. 237, pL 3, figa. 22-24.Ophioglypha fascicutata II. L. Clark (08), p. 296.Albatross station 2358. Jan. 1, 1885. Lat. 20? 19' N.; long. 87? 03' 30" W.;222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen.Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 47' 30" X.; long. 79? 49' W.;270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3? F. Three specimens.In the specimen from station 2358 the diameter reaches 14 mm.; the othersare smaller, their diameters varying between 7 and 10 mm.I think I can refer these ophiurans to O.fasciculata, for they entirely conformto Lyman's description excepting as regards the number of bracliial spines;instead of four, as stated by Lyman, I observe but three, the upper one being remotefrom the other two which form a small group located near the ventral edge of thearm. The length of these spines reaches two-thirds of the article. Undoubtedly,the spine which ought to be placed in the interspace is lacking, and this is not dueto the age of the individuals since the disks of my specimens have diameters rang-ing from 7 to 14 mm., while the diameter was 13 mm. in Lyman's type. Thisdifl'erence would evidently not justify a specific separation.Lyman says, as pointed out by H. L. Clark (08, p. 296), that the lateral brachialplates are not in contact either on the upper or on the under face, but in his drawingsthese plates are represented as being in contact beyond the sLxth under brachialplate. I observe on my own specimens that the under plates are in contact for alength which varies, according to the size, from the seventh to the fifteenth article.Lyman's type was caught by the Blake in the waters about Barbados, in adepth of 288 fathoms. 18 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.OPHIOGLYPHA INORNATA Lyman. = Ophioglypha divisa Liitken and Mortensen.See for bibliography : Kcehler (04), p. 40.Koehler (07), p. 262.Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11? 40' N.; long. 58? 35' W.;880 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 38? F. Three specimens. The diameter of thedisk ranges between 10.5 and 9.5 mm.I refer to the above-mentioned papers for the variations of 0. inomata.In the three examples from the Albatross, the upper plates of the disk rathersuggest, by their arrangement and the shape of the radial shields, 0. abyssorum,with which one of the specimens from the Sihoga also offered some likeness, butthe other characters do really correspond with those of 0. inomata. On the twolarger specimens the mouth shields are separated into two halves by a furrowextending over theii- whole length, as Lyman figured it (82, pi. 3, fig. 10) ; sometimes,even, the furrow is bifurcated so that the mouth shield is divided into three pieces,but the under plate wliich comes after it is never divided. On the third speci-men, which is somewhat smaller, the mouth shields are entire. In none of thesespecimens are the upper brachial plates fragmented.OPmOGLYPHA IRRORATA Lyman.Plate 1, figs. 3-4.See, among other papers, for the bibliography:Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman (82), p. 47.Ophioglypha orbiculata Lyman (82), p. 48.Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman (83), p. 243.Ophioglypha grandis Vehrill (94), p. 293.Ophioglypha irrorata Kcehler (96), p. 19.Ophioglypha involuta Kcehler (97), p. 295.Ophioglypha orbiculata Kcehler (97), p. 302.Ophioglypha orbiculata Kcehler (99), p. 21.Ophioglypha tumulosa Lutken and Mortensen (99), p. 121.Ophioglypha tumulosa Ludwig (06a), p. 397.Ophioglypha tumulosa Kcehler (07), p. 296.Ophioglypha mundata Kcehler (07a), p. 257.Ophioglypha mundata Kcehler (09), p. 153.Ophioglypha irrorata H. L. Clark (11), p. 62.Albatross station 2358. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20? 19' N.; long. 87? 03' 30" W.;222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen.Albatross station 2573. Sept. 2, 1885. Lat. 40? 34' 18" N.; long. 66? 09' W.;1,742 fathoms; gy. m. s.; temp. 37.3? F. Nine specunens.For the reasons wliich I give below, one must consider as being synonymous0. irrorata, 0. orbiculata Lyman, grandis Verrill, involuta Koehler, tumulosa Lutkenand Mortensen, and mundata Koehler. The specimens which I mention abovecome from the same set as those which were used by Verrill to introduce 0. grandisand they correspond exactly with the description given by him. OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19The specimens gathered by the Albatross at station 2573 are all very large, thediameter of the disks varying from 20 to 27 mm. None of them is perfectly wellpreserved and most of the arms are broken more or less close to their bases. I obser\'ein every one of them a radial comb formed by small rectangular papillse which becomesmaller as they pass over to the under side; Verrill seems to consider this comb asonly occasional.I am ghid to have been able to study these examples and to compare their charac-ters with those of the other very closely allied forms which were described underthe various names mentioned. It was H. L. Clark who, in his most interestingpaper on the Ophiurans from the Northern Pacific (11, p. 62), suggested that 0.irrorata Lyman, orbiculata Lyman, grandis Verrill, involuta Koehler, and tumulosaLiitken and Mortensen, ought to be united in one species to which the name of0. irrorata should be applied. The clever American naturaEst upheld his opinionby very convincmg arguments which have completely satisfied me, the more so asI myself had already had an opportimity to point out the close affinities existingbetween 0. orbiculata, irrorata, and involuta, when I studied the Ophiurans fromthe Investigator (97, pp. 295 and 302). Moreover, I suggest the idea of adduig tothe synonyms indicated by Clark, O. mundata, a species introduced by mo m 1907for an Ophioghjplia which I had referred at firet to 0. irrorata, as I mentionedrecently (09, p. 153). As a basis of distinction between this former species and0. irrorata, I had first noted the thickness of the disk, the shape of the mouthshields, and the absence of spines, indicated by Lyman on the upper face of thedisk in the latter; these differences are of no more importance than those referredto in order to separate from 0. irrorata the various species mentioned above byH. L. Clark. Moreover, 0. mundata diffei-s but slightly from 0. grandis Verrill, andcertainly, had this writer given a drawing of tlie latter, I should without any hesi-tation have referred to this species the specimens from the Travailleur and the Talis-man as well as those from the Princesse Alice which I denominated 0. mundata;but one knows how difficult it is to identify the species described by Verrill. Liitkenand Mortensen also related their 0. tumulosa to 0. grandis and pointed out that,the latter not havuig been figured, it became very difficult to establish the connec-tion between the two species.If thus understood, 0. irrorata has a very wide geographical distribution, whichmight be compared with that of OfMmnusium lymani, as II. L. Clark points out,but the former shows a much more conspicuous polymorphism than the latter.There is no doubt that the differences which have been noticed do not proceedexclusively from the sizes of specimens from the different knowTi localities; afterour Ophioghjpha has been found at a greater number of stations, it ^vill perhapsbe useful to keep, for variety's sake, some of the names imder which it is knownin zoological nomenclature.In one of the examples gathered by the Albatross, which I have illustratedin plate 1, figs. 3 and 4, one of the araas has been broken near its base and includesa restored part which offers certain peculiarities. As seen from the upper face(fig. 4), this arm first shows three normal articles after which come the regeneratedarticles, the first nine of which display anomalies as to the shape and arrangementof the brachial plates which remind one of those described by me in Ophionotus 20 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. victorix (12, p. 118). The dorsal plates, instead of having their usual regularlytrapezoidal shape with a wider and convex distal edge, are irregular, much widerthan long and most of them are divided into two almost equal parts by a longi-tudinal furrow located close to the median line. The ventral plates are not soirregular. The first seven keep nearly their normal shape; the eighth one, whichis large, is irregularly divided m its distal region; the ninth and tenth plates,smaller than usual, are divided into two by an oblique furrow, and lastly the fol-lowing plates are scarcely modified. The first two lateral plates on one side carryno spines and the following plate has but two spines; on the other side, the firstplate is deprived of spines, the second one has three. Then the succeeding plateson each side generally carry four spines each, the dorsal spine being separated fromthe other three, and this abnormal arrangement of the spines is continued not onlyon that part which has abnormal upper and under plates, but also on about ten articlesbeyond that part. On the other arms of the same example, which never met withan accident, the brachial spines most regularly amount to three, the upper spinebeing separated from the other two. VerriU, moreover, has pointed out the factthat in 0. grandis the lower group of spmes sometimes included three.OPHIOGLYPHA LEPIDA Lyman.Plate 3, fig. 2.OpMoglypha lepida Lyman (78), p. 70, pi. 3, figs. 71-73.Ophioghjpha lepida Lyman (82), p. 43, pi. 4, figs. 1-3.OpMoglypha lepida Lyman (83), p. 241.OpMoglypha lepida Verrill (85), p. 543.OpMoglypha lepida Kcehler (07), p. 294.Albatross station 2106. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37? 41' 20" N.; long. 73? 03'20" W.; 1,497 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 42.5? F. Twenty-nine specimens.The specimens are generall}^ of large size; in the smallest one, the diameterof the disk reaches almost 10 mm. and in several others it comes up to 14 or 15mm. They conform to Lyman's description, excepting with regard to the numberof the brachial spines. In fact, I only find as an exception the four spines indi-cated by him; generally there are but three, two lower ones which form a smallgroup and an upper one which is larger. Verrill also seems to have observed butthree spines, for he says: "There is a single larger upper spine rather widely sep-arated from the two lower and much smaller ones, etc."' I have never met withthe very small spines which are scattered on the upper face of the disk in a var.spinulosa introduced by Verrill (85, p. 543).0. lepida is extremely near 0. Ijungmani, and it would be even more so thanLyman thought if the usual number of its spines were three. I beg to state thatin the descriptions given l)y Lyman of each of these two species there is a contra-diction regarding the characters of the radial shields, which is likely to produceconfusion. For we read, regardmg 0. lepida, in the very short diagnosis (82, p.43) which goes before the detailed description: "radial shields touching without,"and in the description itself which comes after ^ "Kadial shields separated on their ? Report ot the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 18S3, 1S85, p. 543. ? The voyage of the CItalknger, Zoology, vol. 5, p. 44, 6th line. OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21 entire length by a wedge of smaller and larger scales." The same contradictionis found, besides, in L}Tnan's preliminary work (78, p. 70). I consider Lyman'sdescription correct and it is in accordance with the figures he pul>lished in 1878 and1882, and the diagnosis must be corrected m the direction I have just indicated.As a rule, the two radial shields of each pair are in contact tlirough their distalangle in 0. Ijungmani; however, it happens sometimes that these shields arc some-what separated from one another distally, but they are always more close!}- puttogether than in 0. lepida, where they remain widely distant from one another.As regards the plates of the upper face of the cUsk, the drawuig published by Lymanin 1878 (78, pi. 3, fig. 72) seems to me to be more correct than that of the Reportsof the Cliallcngcr (82, pi. 4, fig. 3). I may add that 0. lepida possesses a supple-mentarj' radial comb similar to that of 0. Ijungmani, to wliich I shall refer whenstudying the latter species.In short, 0. lepida and 0. Ijungmani arc extremely cognate, but the formerspecies is, nevertheless, easily distinguished b}^ its larger size, b}' the upper platesof the disk being much smaller, almost uniform and finer, by the radial shieldsbeing widely separated, and by the upper bracliial spine being rather short. Tliesecharacters are never found in 0. Ijungmani.The Challenger encountered 0. lepida at various stations between 38? and40? N., and 27? and 72? W., in deptlis ranging from 750 to 1,350 fathoms, andalso at 8? S. and 14? W. (420 fathoms). The Blal-e met with it in the West Indies,and also at several more northern locaUties (41? N., 65? W.; 39? N., 70? W., etc.),in depths ranging from 608 to 1,242 fathoms.OPHIOGLYPHA LJUNGMANI Lyman.See for bibUography:Ophioglypha Ijungmani Kcehler (06), p. 2G3.Ophiogbjpha Ijungmani Kcehler (09), p. 152.Ophioglypha thoulcli Kcehler (09), p. 158.Alhatross station 2102. Nov. 5, 1883. Lat. 38? 44' N.; long. 72? 38' W,1,209 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 39? F. Four specimens.Albatross station 2358. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20? 19' X.; long. 87? 03' 30" W,222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen.Albatross station 2639. Apr. 9, 188C. Lat. 25? 46' 30" N.; long. 80? 02' W56 fathoms; co. s. One specimen.Albatross station 2642. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 30? 47' 30" N.; long. 79? 49' W270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 42.6? F. One specimen.Albatross station 2644. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25? 40' N.; long. 80? 00' W193 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 43.4? F. Five specimens.Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25? 4()' 30" N.; long. 80? 02' W157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4? F. Some specimens.Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 47' 30" N.; long. 79? 49' W270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3? F. Seven specimens.Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 53' X.; long. 79? 42' 30" W273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7? F. Five specimens.Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 58' 30" N.; long. 79? 38'30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3? F. One specimen. 22 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11? 40' N.; long. 58? 33' W.;880 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 38? F. Many specimens.Albatross station 2763. Dec. 30, 1887. Lat. 24? 17' S.; long. 42? 48' 30" W.;671 fathoms; br. glob, oz.; temp. 37.9? F.Grampus station 5118. Mar. 23, 1889. Lat. 26? 30' N.; long. 83? 55' "W.;59 fathoms; hrd. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7283. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24? 17' 30" N.; long. 81? 53'30" W.; 127 fathoms; s. gr.; temp. .53? F. One specimen.Fish nawk station 7296. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24? 21' 45" N.; long. 81? 47'45" W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 54? F. One specimen.Fi^h Eaxok station 7514. Mar. 25, 1902. Six miles east of Fowey RocksLight; 200 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 48? F. Six specimens.Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25, 1903. 3| miles southeast by east of FoweyEocks Light; 170 fathoms; sft.; temp. 51? F. Four specimens.It will be seen from the above table of localities of 0. Ijungmani that the speciesoccurs in depths ranging from 56 to 1,209 fathoms. According to H. L. Clark(01, p. 243), 0. Ijungmani has been found at Porto Eico in depths of 20 to 45fathoms only. It is not so in the Eastern region of the Atlantic, where 0. Ijungmanihas not yet been met with except in very deep waters, about 850-1,100 fathoms.After studying the very rich series of 0. Ijungmani which has been intrustedto me by the National Museum, I have made sure that 0. thouleti, which I had intro-duced in 1896, after a single specimen, and which I had later foimd fairly abundantin the Echinoderms gathered by the TravaiUeur and the Talisman, as well asby the Princesse Alice, can not be separated from 0. Ijungmani. The specimenswhich I formerly referred, and correctly, to this latter species, had always been fairlynumerous and of rather small size; they almost always had smaU spines on theupper face of their disk, but owing to my resolution not to dry them, I was unableto recognize the supplemental radial comb which I thought was a character of0. thouleti. Consequently I had been inclined to refer to the latter species thelarger specimens in which I easily observed the supplementary radial comb, andwhich happened not to possess any spines on the upper face of the disk.In fact, 0. Ijungmani always possesses within the cluef radial comb, a seriesof very fine papiUse which advance to near the middle of the third upper brachialplate, and I do not sec, after all, either in the arrangement of the plates of the diskor of the arms, or in the shape of the mouth shields, any character permitting aspecific separation between 0. Ijungmani and 0. thouleti. Consequently the lattercan not be considered except as a synonym of the former.OPmOGLYPHA LYMANI Ljungman.See for bibhography:Ludwig (99), p. 5.Ludwig (05), p. 73.Koehler (07), p. 295, pi. 10, figs. 11-12.Albatross station 2770. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 48? 37' S.; long. 65? 46' W.;58 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Three specimens.Albatross station 2771. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 51? 34' S. long. 68? 00' W.;50.5 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 49.4? F. Many specimens. OPHIURANS OF UNITEP STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23Albatross station 2779. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53? Of)' S.; long. 70? 40' 30" W.;77.5 fathoms; gn. oz.; temp. 40.9? F. Two specimens.Albatross station 2780. Feb. 2, 1888. Lat. 53? 01' S.; long. 73? 42' 30" W.;369 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 46.9? F. Six specimens.Albatross station 2783. Feb. 6, 1888. Lat. 51? 02' 30" S.; long. 74? 08' 30"W.; 122 fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 47.9? F. Many specimens.Albatross station 2784. Fob. 8, 1888. Lat. 48? 41' S.; long. 74? 24' W.; 194fathoms; bu. m.; tomp. 51.0? F. Many specimens.OPmOGLYPHA ROBDSTA (Ayresi.See for bibliography : Kcehlor (09), p. 154.Albatross station 2055, Aug. 30, 1883. Lat. 42? 32' N.; long. 68? 17' W.;99.5 fathoms; bu. m., s., and crs. g. One little specimen.OPmOGLYPHA SARSII (LUlken).Plate 1, fig.s. 5-0.See for bibliography : Grieg (07), p. 1.5.Kcc'hler(09\ p. 155.Sussbach and Breckner (11), p. 248.n. L.Clark (11), p. 37.Albatross station 2020. May 21, 1883. Lat. 37? 37' 50" N.; long. 74? 15'30" W.; 143 fathoms; bu. m. fne. s. One specimen.Albatross stations 2582-2583. Sept. 18, 1885. Lat. 39? 50' N.; long. 71?43' W.; 131-137 fathoms; gn. m. s.; temp. 47.2? F. Numerous specimens.Albatross station 26G8. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 58' 30" N.; long. 79? 38'30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3? F. One specimen.Albatross station 3456. Sept. 1, 1891. Lat. 48? 31' 15" N.; long. 124? 43'15" W; 136 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 44.2? F. One specimen.Fish Hawl station 103S. Sept. 21, 1881. Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts;146 fathoms; s. and sh. ; temp. 47? F. Two specimens.Fish Ilaivk station 1111. Aug. 22, 1882. Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts;124 fathoms; fne. s.; temp. 47? F. Numerous specimens.East coast of North America. One specimen.The specimens from stations 2582-2583 were associated in almost equal num-ber with some OpModen hastatum; they are all very small, the diameter of theirdisks never exceeding 12-13 mm.; in some of them this diameter ranged between2 and 4 mm. I reproduce here two of these small specimens (pi. 1, figs. 5-6).The one from station 3456, the disk of which is 7 mm. in diameter, has short andconical radial papillae.The variations of 0. sarsii are well known, and recently several writers, Grieg,Mortensen, II. L. Clark, and others have WTitten exhaustively about them. Theonly variations which I observe in tlio collection of the National Museum refer tothe upper plates of the disk which may be more or less protruding.60G1??Bull. 84?14 3 24 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.OPHIOGLYPHA SCULPTILIS Lyman.(= Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman.)Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman (78), p. 84, pL 4, figs. 115-116.Ophioglypha variabilis Ltman (78), p. 85, pi. 3, figs. 70, 78, and 79.Ophioglypha variabilis Ltman (78a), p. 217.Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman (82), p. 59, pi. 6, figs. 16-18.Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman (82), p. 60, pi. 6, figs. 10-12.Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman (82), p. 242.Ophioglypha sculptilis Kcehler (97), p. 301.Ophioglypha sculptilis Kcehler (99), p. 20.Ophioglypha variabilis H. L. Clark (08), pp. 294 and 296.Ophioglypha sculptilis H. L. Clark (11), p. 77.Albatross station 2656. May 3, 1886. Lat. 27? 58' 30" N.; long. 78? 24' W.;572 fathoms; for.; temp. 41.2? F. One specimen.Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29? 41' N.; long. 79? 55' W.; 373fathoms; co. s.; temp. 42.7? F. Six specimens.Albatross station 2678. May 8, 1886. Lat. 32? 40' N.; long. 76? 40' W.; 731fathoms; It. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7? F. Four specimens.Albatross station 2761. Dec. 26, 1887. Lat. 15? 39' S.; long. 38? 35' 54" W.;818 fathoms; ptcr. oz.; temp. 39? F. About 15 specimens.In 1911 H. L. Clark suggested uniting 0. sculptilis and 0. variabilis; I quiteagree %vith this opinion, the more so because as far back as 1897 I pointed out thatthe two species were extremely ahke and that the only two charactci-s by wliichthey might be distingmshed had but httle value. I shall adopt also, as does H. L.Clark, the name 0. sculptilis. ^Moreover, Lyman had already reported some varia-tions in 0. variabilis and I have myself indicated some in 0. sculptilis.The specimens of the Albatross which I have in hand come from stations whichare rather distant from one another, but which are aU in the Atlantic; the speci-mens hardly vary excepting as regards the brachial spines, the number of which isseven or eight at the arm bases, and as regards the separation of the radial shieldswhich is more or less important.0. sculptilis therefore happens to have a very wide geographical distribution,since it is known in northern as well as in southern Atlantic, in Japanese seas, inthe Bay of Bengal, and in East Indian waters.OPHIOMXJSrCM EBUHNEUM Lyman.Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman (69), p. 322.Ophiomusium cburneuvi Lyman (71), pL 2, fig. 13.Ophiomusium eburneum Ljungman (71), p. 618.Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman (78), p. 220.Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman (82), p. 99.Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman (83), p. 244.Ophiomusium eburneum Verrill (99), p. 12.Ophiomusium eburneum, var. elegans Verrill (99), p. 12, pi. 3, fig. 1.Ophiomusium eburneum Kcehler (07), p. 297.Albatross station 2376. Feb. 11, 1885. Lat. 29? 03' 15" N.; long. 88? 16' W.;324 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 46.5? F. Four specimens.Albatross station 2401. Mar. 14, 1885. Lat. 28? 38' N.; long. 85? 52' 30" W.;142 fathoms; gn. m. brk. sh. One specimen. OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25, 1903. 3| miles SE. by E. of Fowey RocksLight; 170 fathoms; sft.; temp. 51? F. Two specimens.Fiih. Hawk station 7513. Mar. 25, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida, 61miles E. S. E. i E. of Fowey Hocks Light; 200 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 46? F.One specimen.The largest specimens are those from station 2376 in which the diameter ofthe disk ranges between 15 and 17.5 mm.; the arms, in the largest specimen, reach52 mm. In the others, the diameter of the disk ranges from 9 to 11 mm.In these examples, I find variations which are analogous to those formerlyindicated by Lyman and Verrill, some of the specimens recalling in certain oftheir characters, Lj-man's description, while the others are more in accordance withVerrill's; in all of them, the spines invariably number two. A'cnill tliought that thedifferences observed byhim in the specimens gathered by the "Bahama Expedition"were due to the size of the specimens, the diameter of the disk in Lyman's typebeing 9 mm., while in Verrill's material, this diameter reached 12 mm. But,according to what I have observed, those differences are duo not alone to size.Lyman, moreover, reported in 1883 certain variations in the specimens from theBJal-e, and, besides other things, he noted that the brachial spines might amountto three; the diameter of the disk in the largest specimen which he had observedwas 15 mm.The specimens from station 7512 are chiefly in accordance with Lyman's descrip-tion. The upper brachial plates show, from the base of the arms, the shape of loz-enges and remain very small; the radial shields are lai-ge, triangidar, widely sepa-rated; but the mouth shields are longer than indicated by Lyman and their shapeis the same as that figured by Verrill.The specimen from station 2401, although being very near the foregoing onesas far as the size is concerned, differs from them in various respects. The wholebody is covered with a yellowish tegument which more or less completely hidesthe underlying plates. The upper face of the disk ^\-ith its large triangular radialshields, recalls Lyman's type, but the upper brachial plates are of a different shape.The first one or two of these plates are very short, rectangidar, and much widerthan long; the third one, also rectangidar, is ahnost as wide as long, -nith a broadand convex distal side, and a narrower proximal side. The follomng plates getmore elongated, but up to the tenth or twelfth one, they presers^e thcu- proximalside distinct, and they do not until afterwards become triangidar or lozenge-shaped.The under bracliial plates offer nothing particular, but the mouth shields areshorter than on the preceding samples and they recall the shape dra-mi by Lyman.The brachial spines are extremely short.The four samples from station 2376 have also their bodies covered with afairly thick and opaque tcgimient which hides the outline of the plates. Theupper face of the disk recalls the arrangements represented by Verrill, with rathersmall radial shields which are oval and rather widely separated. The first twoupper brachial plates are very short, wider than long and of little importance. Thethird one, quadrangular, is much wider than long; the fourth is trapezoidal, with aproximal side narrower than the distal side, and it is still a little wider than long. 26 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.The succeeding plates progressively assume the shape of a triangle, and then of alozenge, and they become much smaller. The characters of the under face of thedisk and of the arms rather recall those indicated by Verrill, though vdth themouth shields somewhat shorter; the brachial spines, which always number two,are identical.Owing to these variations, I do not think it useful to maintain the varietyelegans established by Verrill, which is based only upon the number of the brachialspines, which are three in number.The type of 0. ebumeum described by Lyman came from the coast of Florida,from a depth of 325 fathoms. The Blal-e found the species in the Gulf of Mexico andin the Caribbean Sea, in depths ranging from 92 to 400 fathoms. Verrill's speci-mens came from off Havana, between 110 and 260 fathoms.OPHIOMUSItrM LYMANI Wyville Thomson.See for bibliography:Koehler (09), p. 161.Alhatross station 2102. Nov. 5, 1883. Lat. 38? 44' N.; long. 72? 38' W.;1,209 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 39? F. Twenty-three specimens.Albatross station 2111. Nov. 9, 1883. Lat. 35? 09' 50" N.; long. 74? 57'40" W.; 9.38 fathoms; gn. m. Eleven specimens.Albaiross station 2115. Nov. 11, 1883. Lat. 35? 49' 30" N.; long. 74? 34'45" W.; 843 fathoms; m. fne. s.; temp. 39? F. Fifteen specimens.Albatross station 2678. May 6, 1886. Lat. 32? 40' N.; long. 76? 40' 30" W.;731 fathoms; It. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7? F. Many specimens.Albatross station 2751. Nov. 28, 1887. Lat. 16? 54' N.; long. 63? 12' W.;687 fathoms; bu. glob, oz.; temp. 40? F. Many specimens.OPmOMUSIUM PLANUM Lyman.See for bibliography:Koehler (09), p. 162.Albatross station 2097. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37? 56' 20" N.; long. 70? 57'30" W.; 1,917 fathoms; glob. oz. Eleven specimens.Albatross station 2098. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37? 40' 30" N.; long. 70? 37'30" W.; 2,221 fathoms; glob. oz. Two specimens.The diameter of the disk ranges between 15 and 22 mm., in a specimen fromstation 2097 it is only 7 mm.In the larger specimens, the internal tentacular scale of the first brachial poreis sometimes divided in two as I have pointed out in some samples gathered by thePrincesse Alice in the Eastern Atlantic (09, p. 162); the brachial spines alwaysremain little developed and vary somewhat as to their number.OPmOMUSrUM RUGOSUM, new spetles.Plate 1, figs. 7-8.Albatross station 2342. January 19, 1885. Lat. 23? 10' 39" N.; long. 82? 20'21" W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens.Type.?C&i. No. 16378, U.S.N.M. OPHIUEANS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27The diameter of the disk Is 10 and 12.5 mm. respectively; the arms areincomplete; in the larger specimen thoy are preserved to a length of 28 mm.The disk is somewhat thin and its outline is pentagonal. The dorsal face isslightly convex, the ventral face is plane, and the edges are rounded.The plates of the upper face of the disk are largo, few in number, very regularlyarranged. There is to be seen one centro-dorsal plate, fairly large, pentagonal, outof which come a first circle of small interradial plates and a second circle of laro-erradial plates. After the latter come two other radial plates which separate thetwo radial shields of each pair, one of which is elongated, narrow, triangular, witha truncated distal apex; the other, shorter, is also triangular, but widor than lone,with the proximal apex truncated. In the interradial spaces also, two platessuccessively appear: One, pentagonal and wider; the other, quadrangular, nar-rower, and more elongated. Beside these, two much smaller plates are observedat the margin of the disk, wliich are visible also from the ventral face. The radialshields are large, triangular, and separated on their whole length. All the plates(if the upper face of the disk are uniformly covered with rounded granules of a fairlylarge size, but flattened, put close together but not in contact.The under face of the disk shows in the interradial space and out of the largemouth shield a single plate, which is large, pentagonal, as ^vide as long, withstraight sides, and the obtuse distal angle of which reaches the outer margin of thedisk, where the two above-mentioned httle plates are also to be seen. The genitalplates are fairly largo and narrow, four times longer than wide. All these platesare covered with granules identical with those of the upper face; these granules,however, disappear in the proximal region of the genital plates and of the medianinterradial plate; and they are lacking on the mouth plates. The genital sUts,which are found between the adoral plates and the mouth shield, are extremelynarrow, short, and scarcely visible.The mouth shields are fairly large, pentagonal, with an acute proximal angleand straight sides; they are longer than wide. The adoral plates are fairly largeand two and a half times longer than \\ddc, with parallel margins. The oral platesare triangular, fairly high. The oral ]ia]5illa^, the outlines of which are very distinct,amount to five or sLx on each side. The external papilla, located without the oralplate, is large, vnde, quadrangular, and longer than wide; tho other papilla; are verymuch lower: the second and third arc rectangular, longer than wdde, -while theother two or three are smaller. The odd terminal papilla is also very small.The upper bracliial plates are visible only on the smaller specimen, and eventhere they are altogether rudimental and scarcely distinct; they extend, however, toalmost the whole length of the arms. On the larger specimen, the firet upper platealone is preserved, although it remains rudimental, and the following ones havecompletely disappeared.The fii-st bracliial under plate is rather small, pentagonal, with an obtuseproximal angle, and its distal border is slightly convex; this plate is slightly widerthan long. The second plate is large, triangular, with an acute proximal angleand a straight distal side; the lateral borders are sometimes bent into two smallsides, united by a very obtuse angle, which gives to the plate a pentagonal shape. 28 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.This plate is as wide as long or a little longer than wide, and is placed close to thefirst one, though not touching it. On each side, and nearer the proximal anglethan the. distal border, is a shghtly developed pore covered with a small roundedscale. The third brachial under plate is very small, triangular, and separated fromthe foregoing by an interval which is equal to about half its length; on either sideof that plate is to be seen a very small pore provided with a rudimental scale, buttills pore is generally located on the corresponding lateral brachial plate. Furtheron, there are no more brachial ventral plates.The lateral bracliial plates alone take up all the inner faces of the arms. Theyare shghtly protruchng on the sides, and the successive pairs are separated by asomewhat sinuous fmTOw, both on the upper and on the under face. Each of themcarries five sharp conical spines which are relatively long enough for an Ophio-musium.The granules of the upper face of the disk pass uninterruptedly to the upperpart of the lateral plates as well as to their sides, but these gramdes grow smalleras they are farther from the basis of the arms and more so on the larger specimen ; they are completely wanting on the under part of the arms.Connections and differences.?0. rugosum is allied chiefly to 0. granuiosumLyman and to 0. rellctum Koehler. 0. granuiosum, which was taken by theChallenger at a depth of 1,875 fathoms (lat. 34? N.; long. 140? E.), is remarkableowing to the very minute gramdes which cover the disk plates on both faces andwhich, instead of being few in number and rounded, are very dense and even growinto little spines on the margins of the plates, including the mouth shields. Theoral papilla3 are altogether indistinct; moreover, the shape of the mouth shieldsand of the genital plates, as well as the arrangement of the upper plates of the disk,is different from what is observed on 0. rugosum.0. relictum, which was dragged up by the Sihoga from a depth of 469 meters(lat. 0? 29' S.; long. 130? E.), offers, through the disposition of the upper platesof the disk, a very great likeness to 0. rugosum, but these plates have no tuberclesexcept near the outline of the disk and their margins are tliicker, while they areuniformly granulous in 0. rugosum, the granulations passing even from the upperface of the disk over to the dorsal and lateral parts of the lateral brachial plates,at least on a certain length of the arms, which gives to the new species a very differentappearance. The brachial spines are also more developed in 0. rugosum than in0. relictum. OPHIOMUSrUM SCULPTUM Vertill.Plate 1, fig. 9.OpMormtsimn snilptiim Verrill (99), p. 16, pi. 2, fig. 2; pi. 8, fig. 2.Blake. Two miles east of Havana; 200 fathoms. One specimen.The species has been described by VerrUl after a specimen from Havana whichhad been dredged between 110 and 260 fathoms.In the example wliich was handed to me, the diameter of the disk is 7.5 mm.,and the arrangement of the plates of the iipper face is not quite in accordance withVerrill's description and drawings; still, I believe it is one and the same species, OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29and the difTerences which I noted are due very likely to a difference in the agesof the specimeas, Venill's type being larger than the one I have before me, sinceits disk roaches 9 mm.In the specimen from the Blake, the upper plates of the disk are fewer; thecentro-dorsal plate is directly in contact ^\^th the five large radial primaryplates, without any intercalary plates Ij-ing between them, as stated and figuredby Vcrrill. The radial shields of each pair are contiguous on a part of theirlength and the triangidar plate wliich separates them distally is as long as wideand may even become a httle wider than long. The upper plates of the disk carryfau-ly large granules, but these, instead of being irregidarly scattered over theplates, are located cliiefly toward their external margin, a (Hsposition existingespecially on the five radial primary plates; these arrangements give to the upperface of the disk a sUghtly different appearance from that represented by Vcrrill.The characters of the under face of the disk, of the mouth-pieces, and of the armsbeing altogether in conformity with those indicated by Verrill, I thought myspecimen should be referred to the same species.OPmOMUSIUM SERRATUM Lyman.Ophiomudum serralum Lymax (82), p. 85. pi. 2, figs. 1-3; pi. 39, fiyman; but on tbe underface of the disk, in the interradial spaces, I observe a slightly different arrangementfrom the one indicated by that author. Lyman point-s out that, following themouth slueld, the two genital plates are contiguous on a large part of their length,and they are separated distally only by a median plate which occupies the marginof the disk. On the specimen from the Alhatross the mouth shields have theirproximal angle more obtuse and the distal edge more rounded and convex. Eachof them is followed by a small, short, and rounded median plate which separatesthe genital plates along a certain part of their interradial edge. Thanks to theintercalation of that plate, which Lyman failed to mebtion, the two genital platesremain contiguous only on a rather short space, since the}- are again distallyseparated by the odd marginal plate, the only one which Lyman does mention onthe median interradial hne. I had already noticed, in the samples gathered by theTravailleur and the Talisman, that this median plate was more elongated than inLyman's type (07 a, p. 260). I may add that, in the individual from the Albatross,I have been able to identify the genital slits; these are extrenich^ short and carriedback toward the proximal end of the genital plates, but they are neverthelessplainly recognizable. These slits had not been perceived b}' Lyman, who thoughtthey were lacking, and their discovery is all the more interesting owing to thefact that they also exist in 0. speciosvm.OPHIOCTEN HASTATUM Lyman.See for bibhography:Koehler (09), p. 165.Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30? 44' X.; long. 79? 26' W.;440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6? F. Two specimens.Albatross station 2429. June 13, 1885. Lat. 42? 55' 30" N.; long. 50? 51' W.;471 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 38.7? F. One small specimen.Albatross station 2542. July 7, 1885. Lat. 40? 00' 15" N.; long. 70? 42'20" W.; 129 fathoms; s. brk. sh.; temp. 47.2? F. Two small specimens.Albatross stations 2582-83. Sept. IS, 1885. Lat. 39? 50' N.; long. 71? 43' W.;131-137 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 47.2? I*'. Many specimens mixed with numerousOpJiioglypba sarsii.The diameter of the disk ranges between 3.5 and 10 mm., but is generalh- about6 or 7 mm. 38 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.Family AMPHIURID.E.OPHIOPHOLIS ACtTLEATA (Linn?BU3).See for bibliography:Koehler (09), p. 167.Grieg (10), p. 4.H. L. Clark (11), p. 128.Siissbach i\nd Breckner (11), p. 249. ^Ztoross station 2027. May 25, 1883. Lat. 39? 58' 25" N.; long. 70? 37' W.;198 fathoms; bu. m. and s.; temp. 43? F. Three specimens.Albatross station 2055. Aug. 30, 1883. Lat. 42? 32' N.; long. 68? 17' W.;99.5 fathoms; bu. m., s., and crs. g. One small specimen.Albatross station 2063. Aug. 31, 1883. Lat. 42? 23' N.; long. 66? 23' W.;141 fathoms; s. and crs. g.; temp. 46? F. Ten specimens.Albatross station 2067. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 42? 15' 25" N.; long. 65? 48'40" W.; 122 fathoms; s. and g.; temp. 46? F. Nine specimens.Albatross station 2422. June 3, 1885. Lat. 37? 08' 30" N.; long. 74? 33'30" W.; 85 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. brk. sh. Several specimens.Fish Hawk station 1503. July 22, 1890. Six miles south of Saybrook Light,Connecticut; 16.66 fathoms; m. sh.; temp. 67? F. Three specimens.Speedwell station 234. Sept. 24, 1878. Off Gloucester, Massachusetts; 43fathoms; sft. br. m. Two little specimens.Grampus station 646. Aug. 2, 1894. Lat. 50? 07' 00" N.; long. 64? 03'30" W. Four specimens.Grampus station 5015. Numerous specimens.Davis Strait, 1879. N. P. Scudder (No. 90). Eighteen specimens.East coast of North America. Tliree specimens.OPmOSTIGMA ISACANTHUM (Say).See for bibliography:Koehler (13), p. 363.Key West. Eight specimens.Key Largo. Nine specimens.No Name Key. One isolated disk.Banks near Indian Key. One isolated disk.Fish Hawl station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24? 42' 30" N.; long. 81? 55'52" W.; 7i fathoms; co.; temp. 20? C. One specimen.Fish HawTc station 7419. Jan. 22, 1903. Five-eighths mile N. ^ E. of HogKey; 7 feet; rky. One specimen.In most specimens, the diameter of the disk varies between 3 and 5 mm.I made an elaborate study of 0. isacanthum in the above-mentioned memoir,to which I would respectfully refer the reader. OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39HEMIPHOLIS ELONGATA (Say).Ophiura elongata Say, .Tourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 5, 1S25, p. 14G.Ophiolepis elongata Muller and Teo.schel (42\ p. 95.OpMolepis elongata Stimpson (52), p. 225.Ophiolepis uncinala Ayres (52~), p. 250.Amphiura elongata I,iJTKEN (59), p. 115, pi. 3, fig. 1.Ilemipholis eordi/cra Lyman (65), p. 137, pi. 1, figB. 1-3.Uemipholis cordifera Ljungman (66>, p. 322.Ilemipholis cordifera Lyman (82), p. 158.Ilemipholis elongata Ives (89), p. 177.Ilemipholis cordifera Kcehler (07), p. 298.One mile inside May Eiver, South Carolina. One specimen.St. Augustine, Florida. Some dry specimens.Trinidad. Two specimens.Rio Janeii'o. Three specimens.I have designateil this species by the name of H. elongata instead of H. cordifera,under which it is usually kixown, especially since the publication of Lyman's work,first because the name elongata had been applied to it by Say in 1825, and againbecause the term "cordifera" has produced some confusion, which I think is duechiefly to Lyman and has never yet been pointed out. In fact, Lyman, who, in1865, gave an excellent description of the species with which we are dealing, thoughtthat it was the same as had been called by Bosc, in 1 830, Asterias cordifera. Now, thelatter is an Amphiura of the Amphiodia section, in which the under face of the diskis provided with scales; Liitkcn gave that synonymy in 1859, when he publisheda good description and some figures of the said Amphiodia which he called Amphiuracordifera (Bosc) in his "Additamenta " (59, p. 115); also in 1860,' when he called itAmphiura riisei. In 1859, in the same volume of the "Additamenta," he pub-lished also a good description and some drawings of Araphiura elongata (Say).The two species described by Liitken were perfect^ distinct, and the descriptions,as well as the figures published by liim, were excellent. There would have been, con-sequently, no difficulty due to synonymy concerning Ilemipholis elongata had notLyman, in 1865, adopting the generic name of Ilemipholis suggested by Agassiz,described Amphiura elongata under the name of H. cordifera, thus considering tliiaform to be synonymous with Asterias cordifera Bosc. Later, in 1882, he publishedin the Reports of the CliaUenger (82, p. 158) a synonymic Ust for his Ilemipholiscordifera wliich contained the same error's. One can hardly account for Lyman'sconsidering as synonymous two forms so clearly distinct as those which Liitkenhad so well described and figured under the names of Amphiura elongata and A.cordifera,.Consequently, for the Ilemipholis distinguished by Say in 1825 the name ofelongata, wliich he had applied to it, must be kept. ' Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 258.6061??Btill. 84?14 4 40 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.There is now a second question of denomination to be discussed, namely, thatreferring to the Amphiodia which Liitken successively designated as cordiferaand riisei. I have had in hand Liitken's type with the label in this naturaUst'sown handwriting, and this label reads exactly: "Amphipholis.?Ampliiura RiiseiLutken=^. cordifera Liitken." It seems therefore that the name of riisei waspreferred by him, and considering also that the name cordifera might lead to con-fusion, I feel rather inchned to adopt the former, for, in my opinion, the rule ofpriority must not be applied with such strictness as to procure inconveniences orfaciUtate errors. Besides, I beg to point out that the term cordifera has beenemployed only by Ljungman (71, p. 647), who classified this species in the genusAmpMpJiolis, but the very few authors who have written about it since, such asLudwig in 1882 and H. L. Clark in 1901, have designated it under the name ofriisei. The same denomination was adopted also by Lyman in 1875 (75, p. 128)and in 1882 (82, pp. 125 and 146).OPHIACTIS ASPERULA (Philippi).See for bibliography : Koehler (08), p. 80.Albatross station 2768. Jan. 14, 1888. Lat. 42? 24' S.; long. 61? 38' 30" W43 fathoms ; dk. s. bk. s. Ten specimens.Albatross station 2770. Jan. 16, 1888. Lat. 48? 37' S.; long. 65? 46' W58 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Two specimens.Albatross station 2773. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 52? 23' S.; long. 68? 11' W10 fathoms; fne. gy. s. One specimen.Albatross station 2775. Jan. 18, 1888. Lat. 52? 22' 30" S.; long. 69? 22' W29.5 fathoms; s. st. Five specimens.Albatross station 2777. Jan. 19, 1888. Lat. 52? 38' S.; long. 70? 10' 30" W19.75 fathoms; g. Three specimens.Albatross station 2778. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53? 01' S.; long. 70? 42' 15" W61 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 49.9? F. Seven specimens.Albatross station 2779. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53? 06' S.; long. 70? 40' 30" W77.5 fathoms; gn. oz. ; temp. 46.9? F. Two specimens.Coast of Patagonia. Two dry specimens.OPmACTIS DISPAR (Verrill).Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9? 32' N.; long. 79? 54' 30" W.;34 fathoms ; brk. sh. ; Several specimens.Albatross station 2369 (?). Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29? 16' 30" N.; long. 85? 32'W.; 26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. Several specimens.OPHIACTIS DDPLICATA (Lyman).See for bibliography : Koehler (00), p. 171.Albatross station 2117. Jan. 17, 1884. Lat. 15? 24' 40" N.; long. 63? 31' 30"W. ; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75? F. Two specimens. OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41Albatross station 2750. Nov. 27, 1887. Lat. 18? 30' X.; long. G3? 31' W.;496 fathoms; fne. gy. s.; temp. 44.5? F. Seven specimens.The specimens from station 2750 have tlioir first U]iper brachial plato (li^^cledinto two almost equal halves, accorilmg to the drawing published b}- Lyman in 1865(65, pi. 5, fig. 78). In those of station 2117, tliis plate is single and its disposition isiinilar to that depicted by Lyman in the Reports oftlie ChaJlengir (82, pi. 17, fig. 10).OPHIACTIS mOlLERI LUtken.See for bibliography : Lyman (82), p. 115.Koehler (07), p. 311.Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9? 32' N.; long. 79? 54' 30" W.34 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen.Albatross stations 2369-2374. Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29? IS' to 29? 11' N.long. 85? 32' to 85? 29' W.; 25-27 fathoms. A few specimens.Albatross station 2406. Mar. 15, 1885. Lat. 28? 46' 00" N.; long. 84? 49' W.26 fathoms; crs. s. co. One specimen.In the sample from station 2406, the diameter of the disk is 3 mm.; the othersare smaller and their diameters do not e.xceed 2 mm. Most have six arms, butsome, however, have onh'^ five.OPHIACTIS SAVIGNYl (MUller and Troschel).See for bibliography:Koehler (05), p. 26.Koehler (07), p. 311.Koehler (13;, p. 355.Albatross station 2374. Feb. 5, 1885. Lat. 29? 11' 30" N.; long. 85? 29' W.;26 fathoms; s. g. brk. sh. One specimen.Albatross station 2409. Mar. 18, 1885. Lat. 27? 04' X. ; long. 83? 21' 15" W.;26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. One specimen.Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24? 42' 30" X.; long. 81? 55'52" W. ; 7i fathoms; co. ; temp. 20? C. One specknen.Fish Hawk station 7402. Jan. 7, 1903. Pigeon Key Lake; 9 feet; s. gs.Two specimens.Fish Hawk si&iion 7AOb. Jan. 7, 1903. Pigeon Key Lake; 10 feet; rky. Onespecimen.Key "West. Dec. 2, 1903. Main Ship Channel. One specimen.Dry Tortugas, 1884. Several specimens.Spanish Wells, Eleuthcra Island, Bahamas. One specimen.St. Thomas, 1884. Several specimens.Pernambuco, 1875. One specimen.Abrothos Islands. Dec. 12, 1887. Several specimens.No label. One specimen.All the specimens are provided with six arms, except that of station 2409,which has seven. 42 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.AMPHILEPIS NORVEGICA (Ljungman).See for bibliography:Koehler(09). p. 181.Siissbach and Breckner (11), p. 251.Albatross station 2043. July 30, 1883. Lat. 39? 49' N. ; long. 68? 20' 30" W.;1,467 fathoms; glob. oz. ; temp. 38.5? F. Two specimens.Albatross, 1883. Off Cape Hatteras. Depth not mentioned. Two specimens.The diameter of the disk ranges between. 6 and 9.5 mm. The examples arerather incomplete, especially those from station 2043, in which all the arms arebroken from their very bases.The depth of 1,467 fathoms is rather considerable, but a still greater one (1,608fathoms) has been noted by Verrill (85, p. 549).OPHIOPHRAGMUS WUNDERMANI (Lyman).Plate 8, figa. 1-2.Amphiura wundermani Ltman (61), p. 169.Ophiophragmus wundermani Lyman (65), p. 132.Amphiura wundermani Ljungman (71), p. 648.Ophiophragmus wundermani Ltman (82), p. 159.Trinidad. Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1884. A few examples.The specimens are quite in conformity with Lyman's descriptions. I noticeonly that the marginal scales of the upper face of the disk are generally less erectand less distinct than in the other species of the same genus.0. wundermani has never been figured. I beg to present here two illustrationsof one of the specimens in the United States National Museum (pi. 8, figs. 1,2).This species had not before been reported except on the coasts of Florida.OPHIOCNroA Fn,OGRANEA Lyman.phiocnida Jilogranea Ltman (75), p. 20, figs. 88-89.Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman (82) pp. 153 and 155.phiocnida fiJogranea Verrill (99a), p. 317.Cedar Keys, Florida. Six specimens.Sarasota Bay, Florida. One specimen.Puntarasa, Florida. Feb., 1884. One specimen.Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Mar., 1887. One specimen.The diameter of the disk ranges between 4.5 and 6 mm.This species belongs to the second group of Ophiocnida of Verrill, in wliichthe disk scales are partly bare, partly provided with granules or very short spinules,or both, and in which are included 0. Jilogranea, loveni (Ljungman) and lutJceni(Ljungman). OPHIOCNroA LOVENI (Ljungman).Plates, figs. 7,8.Ophiophragmus loveni Ljungman (66a), p. 165.Ophiocnida loveni Lyman (75), p. 21.Ophiocnida loveni Lyman (82), pp. 153 and 155.Ophiocnida loveni VERRttL (09a), p. 317.Ljungman who first described tliis species had included it in the genus Ophio-phragmus. Lymau made of it an Ophiocnida, which is more correct, anil connects OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43it with O.jllogranea (75, p. 21), from wliich ho distinDerface. (07, pi. 11, fig. 19.) ^' 62 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.The material which is now in my possession has enabled me to make a moredetailed studj^ of A. otteri, and I am able to add a few complementaiy facts to thecharacters already known for this species. I am satisfied that my determinationsare correct, for I have been able to compare the specimens of the United StatesNational Museum with the two types of Ljungman, which were most kindly com-municated to me by Professor Thecl.The characters of the upper face of the disk are sufficiently well known. I havegiven a drawing of that face, which, no doubt, is schematic, and I reproduce herephotographs of one of Ljuugman's types, neither of which is, unfortunately, ina perfect state of preservation (pi. S, figs. 5 and 6). The radial shields of this areelongated and fairly thin, but in the large specimens of the Albatross, as in thosefrom station 283S, they are much wider. The under face is covered in the inter-radial spaces with plates which, in the larger specunens, are extremely thick andstrongly imbricated, so much so that they arc more or less obhquely erect.In Ljungman's type, a photograph of which I give on plate 8, fig. 6, themouth shields are noticeable through the presence, on the middle of their distal side,of a very well-shaped, wide, and rounded lobe, which strongly protrudes in theinterradial space. Ljungman had simply said about it: "scuta oraha quadi'angulamargiuibus adorahbus convexis marginibusque aborahbus cxcavatis." In short,these shields are a little longer than mde and their chief triangular part is followedby a wide and protruding distal lobe. I do not find exactly that shape in thespecimens which were sent to me by the National Museum, or, at least, I findsome variations which I think should be noted. In the best preserved specimen,from station 898 (Chesapeake Bay) and which I have represented in plate 8, fig. 7,there is also a very large distal lobe, and therefore the shields are a Httlo longer thanwide, almost lozenge-shaped, with a rather obtuse proximal angle and a stronglyrounded distal angle. In the other specimens the distal lobe is confused withthe rest of the shield; the latter consequently shows an ovoid form and is longi-tudinally elongated, with rounded proximal and distal angles ; sometimes the latterangle is somewhat truncated so as to form a little distal edge. However, on thesmaller specimen from station 2838 (diameter of the disk, 10 mm.), the mouth shieldsagain display a chief portion which is triangular and a distal lobe which is wide anddistinct. The shape of the mouth shields observed on Ljungman's type does notseem to me to be maintained in a very constant manner, and the distal part may bemore or less confused with the rest of the shield, instead of forming a distinct lobe.The shape of the external oral papilla has been correctly indicated by theauthors and it is always found with the same characters : strong, conical, elongated,and obliquely erect.The ai'ms are extremely long and rather flattened. The upper brachial platesare very large and triangular. On Ljungman's type they display a very obtuseproximal angle and a strongly convex, sinuous distal side, which forms in its middlea rounded and more or less conspicuous sweUing (pi. 8, fig. 9). It is perhaps notcjuite accurate to say that these plates are "late quadrangula anguhs rotundatismargiuibus aborahbus excavatis, adorahbus convexis." A rather neighboring shapeis observed on the two specimens from station 898, but the distal edge is simplyconvex without the little median swelling, the proximal angle is strongly obtuse, OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63and one may distinguish very short lateral sides. These sides become more con-spicuous on the larger specimen from station 2838, while the proximal angle openingup to 180? is replaced by a distinct side; the lateral margins are divergent and thedistal side, very wade and rounded, is sometimes simply convex, sometimes providedwith a little median lobe. In a general way, the upper brachial plates are smalland narrow at the beginning of the arms, and then they progressively become widerand wider.The shape of the under brachial plates has been corn-ctlv indicated by Ljung-man; they are pentagonal, ^vith a truncated proximal angle, and they are somewhatlonger than wide (pi. 8, fig. 8). I find again the same shape on all my specimens,but ou tho smaller example from station 28.38 I notice that the proximal angle ismore truncated and forms a httle proximal side, whereas, on the larger sample fromthe same station, this angle becomes so much truncated that there is a distinctproxuual side, and the plates then take a rectangular shape, which they preserveon the whole length of tho arms.Ljungman states that the spines amount to six or seven at the basis of the arms,and Verrill saj^s that this number may amount to eight on the largest specimens.In most cases I have observed seven. The first spine is conical, thick at tho basis,with a rounded point, and its length exceeds that of the article. The second one isalmost as long, and afterwards tho length decreases with the following ones down tothe last dorsal, which is smaller than the article; the last dorsal spines are alsosomewhat flattened. The second ventral spine is very shghtly incurved, and itmost often carries at its end a few exceedingly fine spinules. Generally one ofthese spinules, located at the distal angle of thi^ spine end, is more developed thanthe others, and then it constitutes a very smaU lateral hook, which, however, alwaysremains very short; a like structure may also be observed on the two followingspines. This hook is more or less apparent according to the specimens. I observeit chiefly on the two specimens from station 898 and on the three specimens fromstation 2003.A. otteri has been reported by Ljungman off th(>. Portuguese coasts (lat. 38? 7'N.; long. 9? 18' W. ; 550 fathoms). The Bhl^e has found it again in the CaribbeanSea between 175 and 576 fathoms; the Challenger has dredged it between 900 and1,250 fathoms, and, according to Verrill, this species reaches, at Marthas Vineyard,as far down as 1 ,608 fathoms.AMPHIURA GRANDISQUAMA Lyman.See for bibliography:Kcehler (09), p. 177.Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 85? 30' 44" N.; long. 79? 26' W.440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6? F. One specimen.Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32? 35' N.; long. 77? 30' W.247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Nine specimens.Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 47' 30" N.; long. 79? 49' W.270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3? F. Three specimens.Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13? 34' N.; long. 61? 03' W.281 fathoms; bk. s. ; temp. 48? F. One specimen. 64 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.AMPHIURA STIMPSONI LUtken.Plate 7, figs. 1-2.Amphiura stimpsoni Lutken (59), p. 116.Amphiura stimpsoni Ljungman (66), p. 320.Amphiura stimpsoni 'LjviiG'M.Ai^ (71), pp. 631-634.Amphiura stimpsoni Lyman (75), p. 4, pi. 5, fig. 66.Amphiura stimpsoni Lyman (82), pp. 124-143.Amphiura stimpsoni Lyman (83), p. 252.Amphiura stimpso7ii Marktannek (87), p. 299.Amphiura stimpso7ii S.. L. Clark (01), p. 247.Key West. Six specimens.In one of these specimens the diameter of the disk is about 4 mm. ; the othersare smaller, the diameter of their disks being comprised between 3.5 and 2 mm.I have been able to compare with these two specimens the two examples in theCopenhagen Museum which were used as types by Lutken and which were mostkindly communicated to me by Doctor Mortensen ; I have ascertained their agree-ment, excepting very slight differences in the shape of the mouth shields. InLiitken's two specimens, the mouth shields are almost triangular, as long as wide, ^\-ith a fairly sharp proximal angle and a very convex distal side. In my ownspecimens, I sometimes observe the same shape, but most often the proximal angleis obtuse and rounded, as is the case with the sample photographically reproducedin pi. 7. These shields always remain as long as wide, or sometimes they are veryslightly wider than long. The brachial spmes amounting to five, are rough, asstated by Liitken, and I find that the small rugosities have even a tendency todevelop a little at the end of the spines, and more so on the second ventral one.Among the authors who, after Lutken, have given some indications regardingA. stimpsoni, I can quote only Lyman and Marktanner, but the information givenby these two writers is not in accordance with Liitken's description. Lymanpublished (in 1875) a scheme of the imder face on which the mouth shields are repre-sented with a very elongated oval shape; moreover, Marktanner writes that thetwo dorsal spines have a little aboral hook and that the mouth shields are cordiform,a little longer than wide. Now, these characters, it is evident, do not agree withthose observed by me, not only on my own specimens, but on Liitken's two examples,and, in particular, the shape of the mouth shields as represented by Lyman, isaltogether incorrect; I am in doubt whether the two above-named writers dealtwith the same species.Lutken suggested that A. stimpsoni was a yoimger form; this is qiiite possible,but I do not see to which of the known AmpJiiurse of the West Indies it mightcorrespond. I have compared my examples with very young A. Tcukenthdli, gatheredat St. Thomas by Messrs. Kiikenthal and Hartmeyer, and I fuid that the latterpossess two tentacular scales, wider upper brachial plates, stronger mouth shields,and their second ventral spine at least already bears its characteristic hook;moreover, the mouth shields have a different shape, for they are elongated andpyriform. Evidently A. stimpsoni does not represent a younger form of A.Icukenthali.One might also compare A. stimpsoni with the AmpMura which I have describedabove imder the name of A. fiiulata, taking as a basis the fact that the latter has OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIOXAL MUSEUM. 65two tentacular scales only on a few of its first brachial articles, but the scales dis-played on the under face of the disk of A. fibulata are ill-shaped and differentfrom those of the upper face, its spines are plainly biliamuled and the mouth shieldsarc elongated; there is not the slightest connection between the two species. ^A. stimpsoni has been reported by Lutkcn and by Ljungman at various littoralstations of the West Indies. H. L. Clark has noted it at Porto Rico, and, accordingto Lyman, the Blake collected it at Barbados at a depth of G9 fathoms.AMPHIURA MAGELLANICA Lyman.See for bibliography:Koohler (08), p. 79.Albatross station 2770. Jan. 16, 188S. Lat. 48? 37' S.; long. 65? 46' W.; 58fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.Four specunens with fragments of the arms. All of them are of rather smallsize, and, in the largest of them, the diameter of the disk is 5 mm.AMPHIURA DrotrCTA, new species.Plate 7, figs. 6-7.Albatross 1885, off Havana. No depth mentioned. One specimen.Type.^C&t. No. 32294, U.S.N.M.The disk is a httle over 5 mm. in diameter; tlie arms arc all incomplete; thelargest is preserved up to a length of 1 7 mm.The disk is pentagonal and pretty deeply excavated in the interradial spaces.The upper face is depressed centrally as well as in the middle of the interradialspaces. It is covered with small imbricated plates, subequal, and growing a littlelarger only in the vicinity of the radial shields; there is not the shghtest indication ofprmiary plates. The radial shields are well developed and elongated, thi-ee and ahalf times longer than wide, with an ahnost straight internal side and a convexexternal side; they are in contact distally at then- distal angles and a Httle divergentproximally. The two shields of each pair are separated by a chief range of elongatedplates which are succeeded by two other ranges of narrower plates. Their length isequal to about half the radius of the disk.The under face is completely bare. The genital slits are fau-ly wide.The mouth shields, of middle size, are lozenge-shaped, as long as wide or a Httlelonger than wide, with a faiiiy opened proximal angle limited by two straight sides,two lateral sides and a distal margin which is rounded or a little truncated. Theadoral plates are triangular, broadly widened without, narrowed, and in contactwithin. The oral plates are smaU and short. The two oral papilla; on each sidehave almost the same shape; the external one, thick, short, and conical, obHquelyerect; the internal one, a Httle more obtuse. Between these two papiHa; there is ona higher level another papilla which is thinner, conical, and pointed.The upper brachial plates are small and narrow, somewhat longer than wideat the basis of the arms, with a narrow proximal margin, a strongly convex distalmargin, and lateral borders, divergent and rounded. These plates afterwardsbecome almost as long as wide; they are aU in contact.The fii-st under brachial plate is very smaU, strongly narrowed in its distalregion between the extremities of the adjacent adoral plates which lie very close 66 BtTLLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.together, and it becomes a little wider proximally. The succeeding plates are atfirst quadrangular with well-rounded angles, and a little longer than wide; theythen become pentagonal, with a truncated proximal angle, although they still remainsomewhat longer than wide.The lateral bracliial plates, fairly wide, each bear seven spines and sometimeseight at the basis of the arms. These spines are short, nearly equal and theirlength is next to that of the article ; however, the dorsal spines grow slightly shorterdown to the last ones. They are slightly flattened and their surface is rough. Thelateral spines, and above aU the second under spine, are often provided near therounded end, with two very small diverging denticulations which give them abihamuled appearance, but this structure is always little developed; sometimesthe small denticulations appear on one side only.The single tentacular scale is thin but fairly long, conical, with an obtuse point;its length does not reach half the corresponding under brachial plate.Cormectioits and differences.?A.diducta belongs to the gi'oup of the AmfMurBE,s. str., which possess but one tentacular scale and have the under face of their disksbare. It differs from the forms of that gi'Oup which, by the way, are few, in havingnumerous brachial spines, large and elongated radial shields and also a fairly longtentacular scale; I see no species to which it might be allied.AMPHIPHOLIS (-AMPHrURA) SQUAMATA (Delle Chiaje).See for bibliography:Koehler (09), p. 179.SiiBsbach and Breckner (11), p. 253.Kcehler (13), p. 356.Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25? 46' 30" N.; long. 80? 02' W.;157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4? F. One Uttle specimen.Key West, Florida. One little specimen.AMPHIPHOLIS (=AMPmURA) TENmSPlNA Liungman.See for bibliography : Kcehler (98), p. 53, pi. 6, figs. 22-23.Albatross station 2619. Oct. 20, 1885. Lat. 33? 38' N.; long. 77? 36' W.;15 fathoms; crs. yl. s. brk. sp. rot. co. One specimen.The sample, Avhich is of very small size, is identical with the one which Verrillrepresented (85, pL 20, fig. 53).AMPHIPHOLIS (=AMPHnjRA) GRACILLIMA (Stimpson).Amphiura grucilUma Lyman (65), \). IIG.Amphiura gracillhtia Lyman (75), pi. 5, fig. 70.Amphiura gracillima Lyman (82), p. 146.Fish Eawlc station 7109. Mar. 29, 1901. Tampa Bay, Florida; 6* fathoms;mud; temp. 20.5? C. Two specimens.In both specimens the upper face of the disk has been torn away, but thecharacters of the mouth pieces and of the arms allow, however, the determination ofthe species with all the certainty which one might wish for. OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67The arms, very slender, are extremely long and their length may even exceed10 centimeters. I obserA-e but tliiee brachial spines even at the basis of the arms.A. graciUima has been met with on the coast of South Carolina.AMPHIODIA (=AMPHIURA) ERECTA. new species.Plate 6, fig8. 4-r. ^Z6anus Ophiomitra thegenus OpUoplinthaca. But how difficult it becomes to establish the limits of suchgenera as Ophiotreta, Ophiectodkt, Ophientodia, Ophioscalus, etc. What is more, itis just as difficult to estabUsh a limit between the genus Ophiomitrelh, created 'byVerrill, and the genus Ophiacantha, in the restricted meaning lie gives to the latterafter having removed from it a whole series of forms, as it used to be to establish alimit between the genera Ophiacantha and Ophiomitra, when these two were takenin a much wider meaning. In fact, when one carefully examines several specieswliich seem to be attributive to the genus Ophiacantha, one can not help acknowledg-ing, the presence, in most cases, on the upper face of the disk of very distinct plates,if the teguments are somewhat thin, and especially if the specimen is dry. Is itright, then, because these plates are small, to classify this example as an OphiacantJia, 74 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. or, in case they are larger, as an Ophiomitrellaf And wliich size will be taken as astandard for marking the limit ? I mention this case because it seems to me to beone of the most deUcate, and because the difficulty caused by it often arises withthe Opliiacantiiidse ; sliould the characters given by Verrill to the genus OpMomitrellabe very rigorously appUed, most of tlie OphiacantJisR would finally pass over to thatgenus.Therefore, I repeat that some of the genera proposed by Verrill are absolutelyjustified and very easy of application, and consequently are worthy of beingpresci-ved; but I must own that in most cases the generic determination of theOphiacanthidse is extremely difficult. Without adopting the exclusive use of theexpression Ophiacantha for all the cases, as has been done by H. L. Clark, I shalloften adhere to that expression, putting between brackets the name of the sectionproposed by Verrill, in order to give some restriction to the rather extended meaningof the first name. OPHIACANTHA ACULEATA Verrill.Plate 11, figs. 1-2.Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill (85), p. 547.Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill (99), p. 36.Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill (99a), pp. 323 and 335.Albatross station 2105. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37? 50' N.; long. 73? 03' 50" W.;1,395 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 41? F. Seven specimens.I have been able to confirm my identification by comparison with a specimendetermined by Verrill and coming from station 2725 (lat. 36? 34' N.; long. 73?48' W.; 1,374 fathoms), and which was lent me by the National Museum. I begto point out, on this subject, that 0. aculeata was described by Verrill in 1885 fromsome specimens from stations 2034 (depth 1,346 fathoms) and 2105. The speci-mens which were sent me without a name come from the latter station.In Verrill's cotype the diameter of the disk is 12.5 mm. Five out of sevenspecimens which I have studied have analogous dimensions, the diameter of thedisk ranging between 12 and 14 mm.; two others are a little larger and theirdiameter reaches, respectively, 15 and 17 mm. The arms, winch are generallyincomplete, may be very long; in the specimen with the disk 15 mm. wide, one ofthe arms, which is entire, exceeds 90 mm., and Verrill states the length of the armsto be 110 mm.VerriU's description is rather short and does not mention certain characters,such as the shape of the upper and under bracliial plates, etc.; and as it is notaccompanied by any drawings, I feel sure that it would not permit of identifyingthe species with certainty . I therefore tliink it best to describe the latter in a morecomplete manner and to reproduce at the same time a few photographs of the mostcharacteristic specimens.The outline of the disk is rounded. The convex upper face is covered withrather short stumps two or three times longer than wide, the surface of wliich isrough or even displays fine rugosities, and the end of which bears a few short anddiverging spinules. These stumps, wliich are thick-set, all reach the same height;they are scattered uniformly over the surface of the disk and they completely hidethe outline of the underlying plates; they abo cover up the radial shields which are OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 75invisible. Vcrrill has pointed out that these stumps were "smaller, longer, andmore slender than in 0. bidentata," with which he connects 0. aculeata.The under face of the disk, in the interratlial spaces, is covered with stumpswhich are analogous to those of the upper face but shorter, a little tliicker, lessdense, and allowing the outlines of the plates to be seen ; they extend as far asthe mouth shields. The genital slits are elongated and narrow.The mouth shields are rather small and much wider than long, triangular orlozenge-shaped, with an obtuse proximal angle limited by two straight sides whichmeet, by a rounded angle, the distal side, which is more or less convex; tlie latteris usually parted into two sides, united by a rounded and protrudhig angle.According to the more or less protruding character of this angle, the shield is eithertriangular or lozenge-shaped. The adoral plates are elongated, narrow, three orfour times longer than wide, with [almost parallel edges; they send outwardly arather narrow blade which separates the moutli sliield from the first lateralbrachial plate. The oral plates are fairly lai^c, liigh, and triangular. The oralpapUlae, as a rule, are three on each side; the external one is flattened and verymuch widened, chiefly at its base, but it often has an end which is tliinner andterminates in an obtuse point. Such is, at least, the arrangement which I observeon the example from station 2725 and which I also find on one of the specimens fromstation 2105, the diameter of the disk of which reaches 14 mm. On the others thearrangement of the oral papillas remams regular at least on certain sides of theoral angles, but it is more or less altered on other sides. Verrill has pointedout that "sometimes an additional smaller one [oral papilla] stands out of line,behind those in the regular row." On the specimen from which I made my descrip-tion (pi. 11, fig. 2), one of the oral plates carries a supplemental papilla, so thatthere are four in all on that side, the external one always kee])ing the usual widenedform, and the other three being conical and equal; on anotlier sitle I notice a littlepapilla which lies near the second normal one; the other eiglit sides present the usualarrangement. On two other examples there is on two sides a little supplementalpapilla located between the most external and the preceding one. Finally, in others,one may find, instead of a single and odd dental ])apilla, two or three larger or smallerpapillae which, moreover, remain irregular in shape and number in the same speci-men. In the lai^est specimen two dental papillae are generally to be noticed,except on one of the jaws, and besides, sometimes there is a supplemental oralpapilla on the sides, and therefore here is another example worth pointing out ofthe variations which the oral and dental papillae of the Ophiacanthida; may offer.I beg to call attention to these differences owing to the importance given b}- Verrill,when he classified the Opiiiacanthidae, to the arrangement of these papillae ; in factif we strictly observed the diagnoses of the genera or subgenera wliich he established,certain specimens from station 2105 ought to be classified in the genus Op/iiaca7i<^a,s. str., others in the genus OpMentodia, and a few might be placed indifferentlyin one genus or the other, according to which mouth angle one considers.The arms are long, fairly wide, and not at all moruliform, although the lateralbracliial plates are fairly protruding; they gradually get narrower up to their endsand the articles are short. The upper brachial i)lates are fairly large, triangular,with an acute proximal angle, and a wide and convex distal side; they are wider than 76 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.long. In the large specimens they are contiguous on the first brachial article, thenare separated by an interval which is never very long except in the terminal partof the arms. On the specunens the disk of which ranges from 12 to 14 mm. inwidth, these plates may already be separated from the base of the arms by a narrowinterval.The first under brachial plate, which is rather small, is triangular with a con-vex distal side on the small specimens, and pentagonal on the lai^er ones ; it hasin the latter case two distal sides wliich meet in an obtuse angle, two straight lateralsides, and a rounded proximal side. The second plate is very large, triangular,almost twice wider than long, or even wider stUl; in the larger specimens theproximal angle is more or less opened, the distal side is very wide and convex; tliissecond plate is already separated from the first one by the lateral plates. Thesucceeding plates are pentagonal with a most obtuse proximal angle, straight lateralsides, and a very convex distal side; they very rapidly grow narrower thoughremaining somewhat wider than long and the interspace between them becomeslonger and longer. At a distance of 2 centimeters from the base of the arms thisspace is equal to the length of the said plates but exceeds it in the second half ofthe arms.The lateral brachial plates are fairly protrudii^ and each of them bears eightspines on the largest samples. These are elongated, rather tliin, pointed, and theirlength increases from the first ventral one, wliich is longer than the article, to thepenultimate doreal one, which reaches two and a half articles, the last one beingoften rather smaller than the foregomg one. The surface of these spines may offerrugosities and even conical denticulations, always fairly short, which appear chieflyon the ventral and lateral spmes and almost completely disappear on the dorsalones, the surface of which has simply a rough appearance when seen through themicroscope. The two lateral rows of spines always remain separated from eachother at the base of the arms, and I do not notice that they are, as Verrill says, "forming an almost continuous band above." The spines become a little shorterand fewer toward the end of the arms, but the length of the dorsal ones remainsalways almost equal to two articles.The tentacular scale is not very large, but it is a little widened at the base ofthe arms; it is conical and rather pointed on the smaller examples while it becomesobtuse at the end on the larger ones, and it is often slightly bent; it becomes alittle thinner at a certain distance from the disk. Its surface is rough and thereare even to be seen at its end a few small spinules on the smallest specimens.The color of the specimens in alcohol is yellowish and the upper face of the diskis sometimes a little darker. Verrill says that the color of the live animal is lightorange or buff.Therefore, to sum up, 0. aculeata shows the following main features: The sizeis large, since the diameter of the disk reaches 17 mm. in the largest knownspecimens; the said disk is rounded, not excavated in the interradial spaces, andit is covered by small stumps which are fairly elongated and spinulous. The oralpapillae number three on each side, the external one being always widened withthe possible intercalation of a supplemental papilla; the number of tooth papillaeranges from one to three. The upper brachial plates are large, triangular, fairly OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 77approximated at the base of the arms; the under brachial plates are pentagonal,midcUe-sized, always a little wider than long. The brachial spines, amounting toseven or eight, are hanlly ecliinulated, rather thin, elongated, and the length of thedorsal ones equals at least two and a half articles. The tentacular scale is middle-sized with a rather obtuse point in the largest specimens.I shall refer again to 0. aculeata a little further on when studying 0. fratemaand 0. meridionulis. OPHIACANTHA ANOMALA Sars.Plate 15, figs. 3-0.Ophiacantha anomala G. O. Sars, Forh. Vidensk. Selsk., 1871, p. 12.Ophiacantha aiwmala Verrill, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 16, 1878, p. 214.OpkiacanOia anomala Yt.b.voi.'l, Check list Mar. Invert., 1879, p. 14.Ophiacantha anmnala Lyman (82), pp. 179 and 198.Ophiacantha anomala Lymam (83), p. 260.Ophiacantha anomala Storm, Kong. Norske Vidensk. Selsk., 1883, p. 10.Ophiacantha anomala Verrill (85), p. 547.Ophiacantha anomala Ludwig, Sitzb.Akad. Berlin, 1899, p. 21.Ophiacantha anomala Verrill (99), p. 36.Ophiacantha anomala Verrill (99a), pp. 324, 335, 339.Ophiacantha anomala Mortensen (03), p. 86.Ophiacantha anomala Ludwig (04), p. 694.Ophiacantha anomala Mortensen (10), p. 290.? Ophiacantha nodosa Lyman (82), p. 192, pi. 22, figa. 1-4.Albatross station 2068. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 42? 03' N.; long. 65? 48' 40" W.;131 fathoms; s., fne. g., etc.; temp. 42? F. Two specimens.Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29? 39' N.; long. 79? 49' W.:421 fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7? F. One specimen.Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 47' 30" N.; long. 79? 49' W.;270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3? F. Two specimens.Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30? 58' 30" N.; long. 79? 38'30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3? F. Two specimens.Albatross station 2669. May 5, 1886. Lat. 31? 09' N.; long. 73? 33' 30" W.;352 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 43.7? F. One specimen.Although 0. anomala has often been cited by authors, for it has often been metwith in the northern seas of Europe, and Verrill has reported it, as long ago as 1878,on the coasts of North America, it is after all Uttle known, and I do not thinkanything has ever been added to the original, and by the way, excellent descriptionwhich Sars published in 1871 and which was made from a specimen 11 mm. wide.But I observe, either on the specimens gathered by the ^Z6a