SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF EXPLORATIONS BY THE U. S. FISH COM-MISSION STEAMER ALBATROSS.[Published by permission of Hon. Marshall McDonald, Commissioner of Fisheries.]No. III.?REPORT ON THE BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES COLLECTED IN1887-'88.
E. D. Cope.The contents of the following list are arranged in accordance withthe localities visited by the Albatross, and in the order in which theywere reached in a voyage from Washington to San Francisco via CapeHorn. I. West Indies.1. Bufo agua Daud.Santa Lucia.2. Anolis alligator D. and B.Santa Lucia.3. Liophis ornatus Garman.Dromicus ornatus Garman, Proceeds. Amer. Philos. Society, 1887, p. 231This species is clearly a Liophis, and it resembles no other species ofthe genus. The scuta of the only specimen are 195, 1-1, 88. The colordiffers a good deal from the type as described by Garman, in the darkcolor of the sides. This is not clearly distinguished as a band, and it isinterrupted by light vertical spots of irregular outlines.4. Bothrops caribbaeus Garman.Trigonocephalus caribbaus Garman, Proceeds. Amer. Philosoph. Proc, 1387,p. 285.Santa Lucia, Nos. 15082-3.This species is nearly allied to the B. atrox, but diners very much inthe coloration. II. East Coast of Brazil.5. Taraguira torquata Wied.Abrolhos Islands, Nos. 15107-19.III. ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION.6. Nannophryne variegata Gunther.Two specimens, 15123-4, from Mayne Harbor, Patagonia. Prof. L.A. Lee. Proceedings National Museum, Vol. XII?No. 769. 141
142 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, REPTILES COPE.The genus Nannophryne differs from Bufo in the entire absence ofthe cavmn tympani and Eustachian tubes.- It is identical with OllotisCope, and the name proposed by Giiuther must be retained as it waspublished in jS73, while Ollotis was not proposed until 1875. Nanno-phryne ( Ollotis) ccerulescens Cope is from the Cordilleras of Costa liica.In the Zacluvnus roseus, described below, the auditory organs, thoughpresent, are minute. From the same region two other genera with im-perfect auditory organs are known, Alsocles Bell and Eusophus Cope(= Cacotus Gthr.). I have already called attention to the tendency tothis peculiarity among the Salientia which inhabit mountainous re-gions.* Cophcvus, Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius are from the Peru-vian Andes, and Crepidophryne, Cranophryne, and Nannophryne fromthe Cordilleras of Central America.7. Zachaenus roseus sp. nov. Cystignatkidaium.Head and body rather short ; hind legs elongate. Width of headentering length of head and body, two and a half times, and equal thelength of the head measured on the side to the middle of the tympanicdrum. Heel of extended hind leg reaching a point between the orbitand the nostril. Head depressed, muzzle but little prominent in pro-file; nostril but little nearer end of muzzle than to eye. Tympanicdisk a vertical oval, not defined below, but, if completed, measuring less"than half eye-fissure. Interorbital space flat, wider than eye-fissure.Tongue a longitudinal oval, but little free, and slightly notched pos-teriorly. Vomerine teeth in two fascicles near each other, and justposterior to the line connecting the posterior borders of the internalnares. Internal nares minute.Skin smooth above and below ; the abdominal integument forming adisk, the anterior fold of which extends from axilla to axilla. A narrowglandular fold from the posterior part of the eyelid to just above theaxilla. Digits with slight tubercles below, and the inferior surfaces oftheir extremities thickened. First finger shorter than second. Toesrather short, with indistinct dermal borders. An internal, but no ex-ternal solar tubercle. No tarsal tubercle ; the thin inner edge turnedupwards.Color, pale rose gray above, dirty white below. A black band ex-tends from the end of the muzzle along the canthus rostralis, and fol-lows the glandular fold to its end above the axilla. A brauch descends,and, crossing the tympanic drum, stops a short distance in front of theshoulder. Limbs with very indistinct dusky cross-bars. Tarsus duskybelow. Two large brown spots on the front side of the fore-arm. Twosimilar spots on the proximal half of the front of the tibia.Length of head and body, 23mm ; of head to posterior edge of tym-panum (axial), 7.5mm ; width at canthus oris, 9nim ; of fore leg, 14mm ;of fore foot, 6mm ; of hind leg from vent, 37mm ; of hind foot, 15.5mm ; oftarsus, 8mm ; of tibia, 11.5lum .*"Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica : Journal Academy Philada., vii, p. 95.
VLiss9."] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143One specimen, No. 15126, from Port Otway, Patagonia. Dr. L. A.Lee.This species is the second of the genus Zachcmus, the typical onebeing the Z. parvulus Girard from near Rio Janeiro. The Z. roseus is ofless robust form than the Z. parvulus, has no dermal folds on the back,and the prefrontal bones are widely separated, and the vomerine teethare not in arched series. Zachwnus has a simple cartilaginous sternum,and the terminal phalanges are simple. These characters, with thecomplete frontoparietal bones, place it iu the group Ceratojihrydes,where it forms the approach to the group Hylodes.8. Batrachyla leptopus Bell., Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle, in, p. 43, pi.18, fig. 5. Hylodes leptopus Boulenger, Catal., Batr.-Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882,p. 219. No. 15125.The genus Batrachyla may be now correctly defined for the first time.It enters the group Hylodes of the family
.
Cystignathidw. That is, ithas the external metatarsals united, the terminal phalange with atransverse terminal branch, and the sternum a simple cartilaginousplate. A frontoparietal foutanelle, vomerine teeth, and Eustachiantube. Toes free.This genus in its cranial foutanelle approaches nearer to Malachy-lodes Cope (founded on a Mexican species) than to any other genus ofCystignathidw. It differs from this form in the presence of vomerineteeth. In its membraneous cranial roof it possesses a character of infe-riority, as all the Batrachiau forms of Patagonia do in some respect orother, as compared with their allies elsewhere.9. Leptodactylus ocellatus.Buenos Ayres, Nos. 11889-94.10. Hydromedusa tectifera Cope.Buenos Ayres, No. 15189. IV. Chili.11. Paludicola frenata sp. nowWell developed inguinal glands. No tarsal tubercle ; metatarsaltubercles two, both of conic form, the internal the larger. Toes free,like the fingers without dermal lateral ridge or wing. Heel of ex-tended hind leg reaching to posterior border of orbit. Skin with a fewsmall low tubercles.Muzzle obtuse, projecting a little beyond lip-border, narrowed above.Nostril .nearer orbit than lip border. Tympanum hidden. Vomerineteeth iu oblique fascicles between nares. Choame and ostia pharyngeasmall. Tongue very slightly emarginate. First finger longer thanfourth, and much longer than the second, which consists of the meta-carpal only. Third and, fifth toes subequal. Skin without definitefolds above or below. Posterior face of femur tubercular.
144 ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, REPTILES COPE.Ground-color gray. A row of six or seven blackish-light-borderedspots on each side of the median line. Oue of these pairs is betweenthe orbit; one on the interscapular, aud one on the sacral regions,and four or five small ones on each side of the urostyle. Two spotsposterior to each orbit, the inferior much the larger, and extendingposteriorly to the humerus, and in line anteriorly with a band on thecanthus rostralis which extends to the upper lip. A dark triangularspot below the eye. Inguinal gland anteriorly light, posteriorly black.Limbs cross-banded (four bands on tibia) ; inferior surfaces immaculate.M.Length of head aud body 029Length of head to canthus oris 0075Length of head to canthus oculi anterior 0035Width of head at canthus oris 010Length of fore leg - 016Length of hind leg from vent .040Length of hind foot 020Length of tarsus 007The extreme reduction of the second anterior digit is a remarkablefeature of the individual which represents this species. The characterappears to be normal, but the first finger on one of the hands is alsoabbreviated, though to a less degree than the second digit. This isclearly abnormal, since it is unsymmetrical, but it may be an imperfectexpression of the tendency so distinctly marked in the second digit.From Lota, No. 15129.12. Liolaemus chilensis Lesson.Tome, No. 15128.13. Liolaemus tenuis Bell.Lota, No. 15127.14. Opheomorphus chamissonis Wieg.Coluber chamissonis Weig. C. temminckii Schleg.Dromicus temminckiii D. and B.* Aporoplm temminckii Cope.The species referred to Aporophis in., are generally more slender thanthe typical forms of Opheomorphus in., but they can not be retained in adistinct genus. Lota, 15130.Y. Pacific Coast.15 Gonatodes albigularis fuscus Hallow.Panama, No. 15132.16. Anolis pentaprion Cope.Panama, No. 15131.17. Pelamis bicolor Daud. 15188.
VOl88tf.n'J PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 145VI. Galapagos Islands.18. Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Wiegm.Chatham Island, Nos. 14949 and 14950. The first record of the oc-currence of this species on the Galapagos.19. Phyllodactylus galapagoensis Peters.The single specimen of this species differs from the description givenby Peters in the decidedly larger abdominal scales, but it agrees withthat of Bouleuger in the British Museum Catalogue.20. Phyllodactylus leei sp. nov\Scales of the superior surfaces of equal size, one-fourth as large asthe abdominals, convex. Scales of belly numbering 43 between thetransverse lines connecting the axillae and the groins. Digital pal-lets wider than digits. Scales of upper surface of fore limbs and feet,and of upper surface of tibia and hind feet, as large as those of theabdomen ; those of the feet more or less serrate. No row of scuta oninferior side of tail. Auricular meatus small, but little larger than adigital pallet. Superior labials six to front border of pupil; inferiorslarger, 4? to the same point. Symphyseal large, urceolate, followedby two scuta, behind which the scales become gradually smaller.Color above brown with a reddish tinge, marked with iudistinctdarker speckles. Sides of head paler than top, a dark band passingfrom end of nose through eye, above auricular meatus to near shoulder.Limbs speckled above. Below, cream-color, brownish on throat.Measurements. MTotal length 80Length to vent 41Length to canthus oris 7.5Width to canthus oris 7Length of fore leg 11Length of hind leg 16Length to axilla li)Chatham Island, No. 14957. Dedicated to Prof. Leslie A. Lee, thenaturalist of the expedition.21. Tropidurus grayi Bell.Nos. 14897-924, James Island ; 14926-930, Gardner's Island, 14931-40,Indefatigable Island; 15003-13, Albemarle Island; 15014-26, HoodIsland.A variety with a dark lateral baud, not very distinct, from DuncanIsland, 14941-44. The most abundant reptile of the Archipelago.22. Tropidurus lemniscatus sp. nov.Scales of regularly graduated size from dorsal to ventral region,those of the sides a little larger than those of the belly and the dorsala little larger. Dorsal scales in rows which converge posteriorly;Proc. N. M. 89 10
14() ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS, REPTILES COPE.laterals in vertical rows. Fifty rows of ventral scales between lines ofaxilla and groin. Dorsal crest low, becoming more elevated on tbeproximal caudal region. Toes of extended bind leg reacbing to orbit.A strong fold bordered with a few large scales in front of tbe humerusand an open pocket in front of it lined with granular scales. Auricularmeatus three-quarters the length of the eye, bordered in front by a fewacuminate scales. Frontal scales divided longitudinally. Scales oftop of muzzle more divided than in T. grayi, the six large scales of thelatter represented by nine or ten. One row of large and two or threerows of small superciliary scales. Nostril subvertical in direction.Color dark olive with a light greenish or brownish gray baud extend-ing from the orbit to the base of tbe tail. The dark olive of the backis dark bordered ; the light band is more or less brown speckled, and thedark of the sides is more or less light cross-barred, and it is frequentlybounded below by a secoud light longitudinal band. Integumentwithin prehumeral fold black. Top of head and limbs nearly uniformbrowu ; lower surfaces light yellowish.The females are smaller than the males, and like those of the otherGalapagos species differently colored. The longitudinal bands arewanting; the sides are vermilion red, and there is a red half-collar onthe inferior half of the neck.As compared with the T. grayi, its nearest relative, this speciesdiffers in the large size of the lateral scales, in the subdivision of thescales of the muzzle, and in the coloration. The dorsal crest is lower.The females differ in the distributiou of the red. In T. grayi the sidesof the head are red in the female, and in the T. pacificus the entire topof the head is rusty red.It is worthy of notice that in this genus, differently from Sceloporns,it is the females that possess the bright colors instead of the males, andthat red takes the place of blue on the throat a id sides of the belly.Measurements of 3 ? 3fmTotal length 190Length to vent - 70Length to axilla 30Length to canthus oris 14Width at canthns oris 14Length of fore limb 30Length of fore foot 14Length of hind leg 51Length of hind foot 25Measurements of 9 ?Total length 153Length to vent 58Length to axilla 21Length to canthns oris 10Width at canthus oris 11From Chatham Island, Nos. 14945 to 149G4.
an.. \ii '] PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEuM. 14723. Tropiduius pacificus Stkixdaciixek.Abingdon Island, 14900 to 15002.24. Amblyrhynchus cristatus Bell.Abingdon Island, 14905, 15182-4; Duncan Island, 1517G, 15179-81;Hood Island, 1.5177 ; James Island, 15178, 15187; Gardner's Island,15185; Chatham Island, 151 SO.14 bis. Opheomorphus chamissonis Wiegm..James Island, 15027, 150S0.25. Testudo nigrita Less.Albemarle Island, 15190-91.VII. Lower California.18 lis. Phyllodactyles tuberculosus Wiegm.26. Sceloporus zosteromus Cope.27. Uta stansburiana B. and G. 14896.28. Callisaurus dracontoides De Bl. 14895.29. Cnemidophc "us tessellatvts tessellatus Say.29. Cnemidophorus tessellatus tigris B. and G.30. Cnemidophorus sexilineatus Linn.31. Chilomeniscus cinctus Cope.A living specimen of this species from Tucson, Ariz., preserved inthe zoological garden of Philadelphia, was observed by my friend A. E.Brown, the superintendent, to possess extraordinary burrowing powers.It penetrated and traversed soil with almost as great rapidity as itmoved on the surface of the ground. 15158.32. Pityophis vertebralis De Bl. 15157.33. Bascanium laterale Hallow.A variety without bands, and of a nearly uniform dark brown color.15135-6.34. Crotalus adamanteus atrox B. and G. 15134.VIII. Pacific Coast of North America.35. Xantusia riversiaiia Cope.Several adults in fine condition from San Clemente Island. Nos.15106-75.36. Gerrhonotus multicai hiatus principis B. and G.Biitish Columbia, No. 15194.