SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCTNACEA AND OF THE AMERICANSPECIES.
By William Healey Dall,Honorary Curator, Dirmon of Bfollusls.
The present paper is a continuation of the series of synopses of variousgroups of our marine Invalve shells, of which the Leptonaeea, Solenida?,Tellinidai, and Cardiidw have already appeared in these Proceeding's,
^
and other groups have been similarly treated elsewhere.The Lucinacea is a fairly homogeneous group of families, apparentlyof very ancient lineage if the Silurian type referred to it is really akin.Mesozoic forms certainly occur, and, in the Tertiary, they are morenumerous, more varied, and of greater size than in the recent fauna.These papers make no attempt to review subordinate groups oldei-than the Tertiary which are not represented in the Tertiary or recentfaunas. The older groups require more time and material than is atthe w^riter's disposal to treat them with thoroughness. On the otherhand, most of the Tertiary genera are represented in the recent fauna,and some light on their affinities in doubtful cases can be gained fromexisting types.The systematic arrangement of the Lucinacea, especially that of thetypical family, is exceptionally confused, as it is more than half acentury since the group, as such, has been revised even among therecent species, and makers of manuals seem to have accepted currentstatements with more than usual good nature. Many of the mostcommon species go by names to which a very superficial examinationwould show they have no sufficient claim, and the manner in whichunlike things have been lumped together is quite sur])rising,
' Synopsis of the Recent and Tertiary Leptonaeea of North America and the WestIndies. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXI, pp. 873-897, with plates lxxxvii, lxxxviii (No.1177) , June, 1899.Synopsis of the Solenidpe of North America and the Antilles. Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus. XXII, pp 107-112 (No. 1185), October, 1899.Synopsis of the Family Tellinidte and of the North American species. Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus. XXIII, pp. 285-326, with plates ii-iv (No. 1210), November, 1900.Synopsis of the Family Cardiidae and of the North American species. Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus. XXIII, pp. 381-392 (No. 1214), December, 1900.Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXIII?No. 1237. 779
780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL.xxnrMost of the older names have been treated with indifference, and thesame group has several times received a succession of names fromauthors who did not investig-ate the history or literature relating to it.
^Vhile it would be too much to expect that the present revision isal)solutely free from error, it is believed that it takes a considerablestep in advance over anything now published, and will at least directattention to a very interesting group of Pelecypods.The families included in the present revision are as follows:THYASIRID.E.Both coasts; 35 species in all. East coast, 28: west coast, 11.DIPLODONTID^.Both coasts; 20 species. East coast, 13; west coast, 9.LUCINID.E.Both coasts; 63 species. CORBID^.Exotic? (Eastern Tertiaries.)CYRENELLID^E.East coast; 2 species.All of these except the penultimate are represented in our recentfauna, and all in our Tertiary fauna. There are in all 120 species, ofwhich 81 belong to the Atlantic, 45 to the Pacific, and only 5 (or possi-bly 6) are common to the two sides of the continent. The relativerichness of the Atlantic coast is very marked, but of the Pacific speciesa large proportion, though not actually identical, are at least closelyrepresentative of Atlantic species, and doubtless are derived from anot remote common ancestor. As regards the Tertiary species, it maybe said that, while nearly every recent group or species has its fossilanalogue, we find as we recede in time, especially in the Eocene, a ten-dency for the subdivisions to coalesce or at least to lose their distinc-tive features and exhibit a mutability of character which, from the lawof evolution, is exactly what we ought to expect. Contrary to my ownanticipations, the superficial and ornamental characters are those whichappear to be most strongly conserved from one horizon to another,through a series of geological epochs. Such features frequently comedown from the Cretaceous or Lower Eocene with practically no change.After satisfying myself that there was no mistake in this generaliza-tion, 1 concluded that this might be accounted for on the hypothesisthat these characters, mostly due to trifiing nmtations of tiie armatureof the mantle edge, are so little connected with essinitials in the livesof these animals that, having Ix^en once accjuired. natural selection haslittle or no influence upon them, and therefore rarely sets up anv tend-ency to change.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE L UCINACEA?DALL. 781BIBLIOGRAPHY.1758. LiNN^^us, Systema Naturas, tenth edition.1766. Linnaeus, Systema Naturpe, twelfth edition.1776. FoRSKAL (in) Niebuhr, Voyage en Arabie, appendix.1777. ScopoLi, Introd. ad Historia Naturalis.1777. Pennant, British Zoology, IV.1782. Spengler (in) Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, VI.1784. Chemnitz, Conchylien Cabinet, VII.1787. Meuschen, Mnseum Geversianum.1791. PoLi, Testacea XTtriusque Siciliae, I.1792. (tmelin, Systema Naturfe, VI.1797. Bruguiere, Encycloiiedie Metliodique: Vers, atlas.1798. PoLi, Testacea Utriusque Sicilian, III.1798. Bolten, Museum Boltenianum.1798. Spengler, Skrifter Naturhistoriske Selskapet, IV.1799. Lamarck, Prodrome d'un Nouveau Classification des Coquilles.1801. Donovan, Natural History of British Shells, IV.1801. Lamarck, Systeme des Animaux sans Vertebres.1802. Daudin (in) Bosc, Histoire Naturelle des Coquilles, III.1803. Montagu, Testacea Britannica.1805. RoissY, Sonnini's Buffon, MoUusques, VI.1806. Lamarck, Annales du Museum d'hist. Nat., VIII.1807. Link, Beschreibnng der Rostock sammlung.1808. Montagu, Testacea Britannica, supplement.1811. Megerle von Muhlfeld, Magasin der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freundezu Berlin.1815. Wood, General Conchology.1817. DiLLWYN, Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells, I.1817. CuviER, Regne Animale, II.1817. Schumacher, Essai d'un nouveau systeme des habitations des vers testaces.1818. Lamarck, Histoire des Animaux sans Vertebres, V.1820. ScHWEiGGER, Handbuch der Naturgeschichte.1822. TuRTON, Dithyra Britannica or bivalve shells of the British Islands.1822. Say, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, II.1823. Defrance, Dictionnnaire des Sciences Vaturelles.1824. Say, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, III.1825. Gray', Thomson's Annals of Philosophy, XXV.1825. Blainville, Manuel de Malacologie, I.1825. Basterot, Memoires de la Societe d' histoire naturelle de Paris, II.1826. Payraudeau, Catalogue des Mollusques de I'isle de Corse.1827. Brown, Illustrations of the Recent Conchology of Great Britain.1830. Menke, Synopsis Molluscorum in Museo Menkeano, second edition.1830. Costa, Catalogo sist. e rag. de'Testacei delle due Sicilie.1830. Deshayes, Encyclopedic Methodique, Vers. II.1831. Bronn, Italiens Tertiiir-Gebilde.1833. Conrad, American Journal of Science, XXIII, No. 2.1835. Deshayes, Bulletin, Societe Geologique de France, VI.1835. Joannis, Magasin de Zoologie, Guerin Meneville.1836. Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicilian, I.1836. Rogers, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 2d series, V.1836. Deshay'es, Expedition scientifique d la Moree.1837. Conrad, Journal, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, VII.1837. Sowerby, Geological Transactions, 2d series, IV.
782 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.1838. "Wagner, Journal, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, VIII.1838. Conrad, Fossils of the Medial Tertiary of the United States, No. 1.1839. D'Orbigny, MoUusques (etc.) recueilles aux iles Canaries par Barker-Webb etBerthelot.1839. Jeffreys, Malacological and Conchological INIagazine, I.1840. Searles-Wood, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, VI.1840. Conrad, Transactions American Association of Naturalists and Geologists, I.1841. GoLDFUss, Petrefacta Germanife, II.1841. Gould, Invertebrata of Massachusetts.1841. Conrad, American Journal of Science, XLI, October.1842. Philippi, Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte.1842. D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amerique Meridionale, Paleontologie.1843. Deshayes, Magasin de Zoologie, Guerin-Meneville.1843. De Kay, Natural History of New York, Part I, Zoology, Mollusca.1844. Forbes, Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for1843.1844. Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicilian, II.1844. Hinds, Zoology of the Voyage of the Sulphur; Mollusca.1845. Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, II.1845. H. C. Lea, Transactions, American Philosophical Society, 2d series, IX.1845. C. B. Adams, Proceedings, Boston Society of Natural History, II.1845. D'Orbigny, Mollusca Cubana, I; in Sagra, Histoire de I'isle de Cuba.1846. Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, III.1846. D'Orbigny, Voyage dans I'Amerique Meridionale, MoUusques.1847. Gray', Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.1847. Jeffreys, Annals and ^Magazine of Natural History, XX.1847. Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, IV.1848. DuNKER, Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, V.1848. Conrad, Journal, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 2d series, I.1849. Coxrad, it. S. Exploring Expedition, Report on the Geology, Appendix.1850. MiTTRE, Journal de Conchyliogie, I.1850. Philippi, Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neue oder wenig gekannter con-chylien, III, heft VII.1850. Reeve, Conchologia Iconica, VII, Monograph of Lucina.1850. Philippi, Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie, VII.1850. Gould, Report United States Exploring Expedition, Mollusca.1850. Gould, Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, III.1851. Recluz, Journal de Conchyliologie, I.1851. D'Orbigny, Prodrome de Paleontologie, II.1851. Stimpson, Shells of New England.1851. Gray, List of British Animals, British ^Museum.1851. Morelet, Testacea Novissima insute Cuban;e et Am. centralis, II.1852. D'Orbigny, Prodrome de Paleontologie, III.1852. Gould, Boston Journal of Natural History, VI, Art. XXIV.1852. C. B. Adams, Contril^utions to Conchology.1852. Leach, Mollusca of Great Britain, edited by Gray.1852. Recluz, Journal de Conchyliologie, III.1853. Searles Wood, Crag Mollusca, II. Bivalvia.1853. Conrad, Proceedings Aciidemy of Natural Sciences of Philadelpliia, 1stseries, VI.1853. MoKCH, Yoldi Catalogue, Part II.1854. Huppe (in) Gay, Historia de Chile, VIII. Moluscos.1855. Carpenter, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.1856. Carpenter, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 7831856. TuoMEY and Holmes, Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina.1857. Carpenter, Catalogue of the Mazatlan shells in the British Museum.1857. MoRCH, Rink's Greenland, appendix.1857. H. and A. Adams, Genera of Recent MoUusca, II.1857. Deshayes, Journal de Conehyliologie, VI.1858. Jeffreys, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, XI.1858. Holmes, Postpleiocene Fossils of South Carolina.1858. Conrad, Proceedings, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, IX.1860. MoRCH, Malakozoologische Blatter, VI.1861. Fischer, Journal de Conchyliologie, IX.1863. Jeffreys, British Conchology, II.1864. Carpenter, Report to the British x\ssociation for 1863.1864. Krebs, West Indian marine shells.1865. DuNKER, Novitates Conchologica?, Mollusca Marina.1865. Carpenter, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.1865. Conrad, American Journal of Conchology, I.1866. Gabb, Paleontology of California, I, part 1.1866. Conrad, American Journal of Conchology, II.1869. Recluz, Actes Soc. Linn., de Bordeaux, XXA^II.1870. Verrill, American Journal of Science, XLIX, March.1870. M. Sars, Christianiatiordens Fauna, II.1873. Gabb, Topography and Geology of Santo Domingo.1873. Verrill, Report on the Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound.1874. MoNTEROsATO, Joumal de Conchyliologie, XXII.1875. Conrad, (in) Kerr, Geol. Report of North Carolina, appendix.1876. Jeffreys, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, XIX.1876. Meek, Palaeontology of the Upper Missouri.1876. Crosse, Journal de Conchyliologie, XXIV.1877. GuppY, Sketch of the Marine Invertebrate Fauna of the Gulf of Paria.1877. Friele, Nyt Magazin for Naturvideiiskaberna.1878. Arango, Contr. a la fauna Malac. Cubana, 1878-1880.1878. G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arcticae Norvegia?.1878. Poulsen, (Morch) Catalogue of the West India shells in the collection of Dr.C. M. Poulsen.1880. Verrill and Smith, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, V.1880. VoN Martens, Beitr. zur meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius und der Seychellen.Mollusken.1880. Verrill, Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, III.1881. E. A. Smith, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.1881. Jeffreys, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.1881. Brugnone, BuUettino Soc. Malac. Italiana, VI.1881. Dall, Bulletin, Museum of Comparative Zoology, IX, No. 2. (July, Nov.)1882. CossMANN, Journal de Conchyliologie, XXX.1882. DuNKER, Index Molluscorum Maris Japonic!.1883. MoNTEROSATO, Nomcnclatura Conchighe Mediterranee.1885. De Gregorio, BuUettino Soc. Malac. Itahana, Pisa, V.1885. E. A. Smith, Challenger Plxpedition, Report on the Lamellibranchiata.1885. Fischer, Manuel de Conchyliologie.1885. Verrill, Transactions Connecticut Academy of Sciences, VI.1886. Dall, Bulletin, Museum of Comparative Zoology, XII, No. 6.1887. Cossmann, Catalogue Illustre des Coquilles Fossiles de F Eocene des environsde Paris, II.1887. Fischer, Manuel de Conchyliologie.1887. Barkois, (in) Zittel, Traite de Paleontologie, II.
784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.xxiii.1889. Dall, Proceedings, U. S. National Museum, XII, No. 773. |||1889. Dall, Bulletin, U. S. National Museum, No. 37. "11889. Heilprin, The Bermuda Islands.1890. Stearns, Proceedings, U. S. National Museum, XIII, No. 813.1891. Pilsbry, List of Mollusca collected by Frederick Stearns in Japan.1893. BrsH, Bulletin, ^Museum of Comparative Zoology, XXIII, No. 6.1895. Dall, The Nautilus, IX, No. 7.1896. LocARD, Annales de I'universite de Lyon, Campagne du Caudan.1896. Dall, The Nautilus, X, No. 5, September.1898. Verrill and BrsH, Proceedings, U. S. National Museum, XX, No. 1139.1898. Locard, Expeditions scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, II.1898. BucQUOY, Dautzenberg et Dollfus, Mollusques Marins du Roussillon, II.1898. PossELT, Conspectus Fauna Gronlandia?.1899. Dall, Transactions Wagner Free Institute of Science, III, part 5.1899. Grzybowski, Neuen Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Beilageband, XII.1901. Dall and Simpson, Report on the MoUusks of Porto Rico.Family THYASIRID^.{Cryptodontidiv of authors.)Genus THYASIRA Leach.This is Thyasira Leach (in Lamarck, 1818); Thyatira Jg.^yqjs, 1839,not Hiibner, 1816; Bequania Leach (in Brown, 1827); Axmus J. Sow-erby, 1821, not^4*'/;;? Kirby, 1817; Cryptodoii Turton, 1822; ClausinaJeffreys, 1817, not Brown, 1827; Ptychma Philippi, 1836; Cryptodon^(Turton) Dall, 1889, not of Conrad, 1837; ScliizothmrMS Locard, 1898,not of Conrad, 1853; Philis Fischer, 1861; Conchocele G^ihh^ 1866; Meg-axinus Brugnone, 1881; Axinidus Verrill and Bush, 1898; AxinodoiiVerrill and Bush, 1898; and Luchia (sp.) of various earlier authors.The genus is divisible as follows:Section Thyasira s. s.Valves with edentulous hinge, the anterior dorsal area more or lessimpressed, the posterior more or less distinctly radially salcate orplicate.Type, TelUna flexuom, Montagu, 1803, + Venus sinnosa Donovan,1801, not of Pennant, 1777; + Lucina sinuata Lamarck, 1818; + Pty-ch'ina hiplicata Philippi, 1836; + Cryptodon hisinuatus S. Wood, 18-10;+ Axin us sinuatus Philippi, 1845. North Atlantic south to the Azoresand Mediterranean.PhiUs Fischer, intergrades with the other species. MegaxhiusBrugnone, differs only by more solid shell and larger nymphs.Section Axinidus \QvriW and Bush, 1898.Shell minute, ovate or oblong, with the dorsal areas obsolete.These forms intergrade imperceptibly with those of the previoussection; Axinodo7iYcvviW and Bush, appears to differ b}'- no substantialcharacters.
' " Crypiodo)! " moseleyi and luzoniciix Smith, do not belong in this family and theirplace is uncertain.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 785Genus AXINOPSIS G. O. Sars, 1878.Valves with one or more cardinal teeth; shell small, solid, with noposterior dorsal area or plication, usually suborbicular.Type, A. orhiculatus Sars, 1878; not Luclna orhiculata Montagu,1808 (as Venus)', + Kellia orbicularis Friele, 1877, not of Searles Wood,1853. Genus LEPTAXINUS Verrill and Bush, 1898.Shell like Axinulus, but with distinct lateral teeth.Type, L. minutus Verrill and Bush, 1898.? Genus LUDOVICIA Cossmann, 1887.Valves rounded-triangular, subcompressed, edentulous, with minuteprominent umbones.Type, L. squamula Cossmann, 1887, Parisian Eocene.It is possible that further researches may render it advisable toinclude Montacuta in this family.SPECIES OF THE EAST AMERICAN COAST.THYASIRA INSIGNIS Verrill and Bush (as Cryptodon), 1898.Grand Banks of Newfoundland to Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in 65 to471 fathoms.Cryptodon xSami Verrill, 1880, not of Philippi, 1815, is synonymous.THYASIRA OVOIDEA Dall (as Cryptodon), 1889.Off Cape Fear, North Carolina, in 563 fathoms.^THYASIRA GRANDIS Verrill (as Cryptodon), 1885.From latitude 38? 29' north, south to Yucatan Straits, on the Ameri-can coast in 856 to 1,582 fathoms. Also on the coast of France in 820fathoms.Cryptodon pyrifortnis Dall, 1886, and Sehizothcerus grandis Locard,1896, are synonymous. The application of the name Schisot/um-us tothis species by Locard doubtless grew out of a confusion of CryptodofiConrad, 18'S7 (= fSchizothcm'usConvad, January 31, 1853,= Tresus Gray,January 1, 1853) with Cryptodon Turton, 1822.THYASIRA GRANULOSA (Jeffreys as Axinus) Monterosato, 1874.Gulf of Mexico to Santa Lucia Island, West Indies, in 60 to 116fathoms. Also Mediterranean, Bay of Biscay, and Canaries, in 19 to645 fathoms.
1 Figured in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, pi. xiv, fig. 3.Proc. N. M. vol. xxiii 50
786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.Axinv,s ai'Mculat^us Jeffrej'^s, 1881 (not Axhiopsis orhieidatus Sars,1878) is 8ynon3^mous. Its identitA' with the Sicilian fossil Vcrtirordmorhiculata,^ although claimed by Jeffreys, is very doubtful, and Jeffrej^s'figures of the sculpture are probably taken from the fossil and not fromthe recent shell, agreeing- much better with the former and not at allwith the surface of his types in the U. S. National Museum.THYASIRA PLICATA Verrill (as Cryptodon) , 1885.Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, in 1,073 to 1,122 fathoms.THYASIRA GOULDII Philippi (as Axinus), 1845.Greenland to Stonington, Connecticut, in 5 to 400 fathoms; also onthe west coast of America in Bering Sea, south of Bering Strait, andsouthward to the Queen Charlotte Islands.Liicina Jlexioosa Gould, 1841, but not of Montagu, 1803; and Thyasirahyaline^ Morch,^ 1857, are synonymous.THYASIRA SARSII Philippi (as Axinus), 1845.Greenland according to Posselt;* Norway, Spitsbergen, Iceland;Sars and others.THYASIRA TRISINUATA d'Orbigny (as Lucina), 1846.Labrador to Martinique, in 15 to 192 fathoms, North Atlantic, VigoBay, and Mediterranean, Jeffreys; also Sitka Harbor, Alaska, in 10fathoms, and on the coast of Korea, by Captain St. John, R. N.Axinus flexuosus var. i^olygona ^^^v^yss^ 1863, and Cryptodon ohesusVerrill, 1872, are synonymous, and perhaps Lucina jiexuosa of Beau'scatalogue of the shells of Guadeloupe.THYASIRA FUEGIENSIS Dall (as Cryptodon), 1889.Magellan Strait, in 77 fathoms; also on the west coast of Patagonia,in 449 fathoms.A large and feebly plicated species, recalling T. mmi Philippi."THYASIRA PLANA Verrill and Bush (as Cryptodon), 1898.Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in 8 to 100 fathoms.Approaching the young of T. sarsli^ but none of the size of adultsarsll have been obtained from the American cojist south of Greenland.THYASIRA INiEQUALIS Verrill and Bush (as Axinulus), 1898.Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in 14 to 49 fathoms.Distinctly plicate behind, and therefore not an Axinidus.
'Seguenza, Vert. Plio. Ital., 1876, p. 9.'Beck manusc-ript, 1847.Til Kink's (Treenland.^Coisp. Fauna GriuiL, 1898, p. 80.
^Brit. Concli., II, p. 248.
''It is figured in Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, XII, pi. xiv, fig. 2.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE L UCINA CEA?DALL. 787THYASIRA CONIA Dall and Simpson, igoi.Off San Juan de Porto Rico, in 310 fathoms.THYASIRA CROULINENSIS Jeffreys (as Clausina), 1847.West Greenland, in 190 fathoms, Posselt; off Bermuda, in 435 fath-oms. Challenger expedition; North Atlantic, Norway to the Azores,in 30 to 1,012 fathoms.Axlnus pusillus M. Sars (manuscript?) is said b}- G. O. Sars to besynonymous.THYASIRA EQUALIS Verrill and Bush (as Cryp'.odon), 1898.Nova Scotia to Chesapeake Bay, in 91 to 1,537 fathoms.Cryptodon crouUnensla var. altus Verrill and Bush, 1898, differs,according- to the types, from this species by a longer and straighteranterior slope, but this character is shown by a large series to be incon-stant. It occurs in the Gulf of Maine and south to Cape Cod, in 14to 35 fathoms.THYASIRA ROTUNDA Jeffreys (as Axinus), 1881.Abyssal in the North Atlantic, and liable to be found in deep wateron the American coast.Axlmis jlexuosus var. rotunda Jeffreys.^ This form is near to T.equalis Verrill and Bush, but is less truncate behind.THYASIRA (AXINULUS) BREVIS Verrill and Bush, 1898.Georges Banks, off' Cape Cod, and south to the coast of North Caro-lina, in 100 to 1,825 fathoms.Cryptodon obsoletus Verrill and Bush, 1898, is identical with thisspecies, and the differences in the figures, especially as to the positionof the ligament, are due to a misconception of the artist and the trans-lucency of the very minute shell.THYASIRA (AXINULUS) FERRUGINOSA Forbes (as Kellia), 1844.Arctic seas, North Atlantic south to North Carolina on the west,and the Azores, Mediterranean, Adriatic, and the Mortni on the east,in 20 to 1,525 fathoms; also in Bering Sea, Krause.According to Jeffreys the Kellia trmhwersa Forbes (1841, Aegean)and the Axinus ohlongus Monterosato are the young of this species,which is relativel}^ more transverse than the adult, and the same isprobably true of the types of Cryptodon [Aximdus) ovatiis Verrill andBush, 1898, which in addition are abjiormally modified b}^ an excessiveload of oxide of iron. Specimens })urporting to be the same, fromstation 2113, U. S. Fish Connnission, are apparently identical with T.
^ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1881, p. 701.
788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.ferruginosa. The name of this species appears in the Moll. Marins duRoussillon, 1898, page 805, ?i'ti Aximts ''^ferrvgineiis^'' Forbes.THYASIRA (AXINULUS) CYCLADIA S. Wood (as Kellia), 1853.Baffins Bay, in 1,750 fathoms. Valorous expedition; North Atlanticand Mediterranean, 3,038 fathoms.Poroniya xuhtrlgona Jeffreys, 1858, is identical.THYASIRA (AXINULUS) EUMYARIA M. Sars (as Axinus), 1870.Baffins Ba}^, 1,100 fathoms. Valorous expedition; Norway and Medi-terranean, m 200 to 1,156 fathoms.THYASIRA (AXINULUS) SUCCISA Jeffreys (as Axinus), 1876.Off Fernandina, Florida, in 21>1 fathoms; North Atlantic, \H to 1,366fathoms; Mediterranean, 10 to 120 fathoms.This is perfectly distinct from Axinus incrassatus Jetfre3's, 1876{=Z(i/}taxini'f< sp.) of which Jeffreys regarded it as a variety.THYASIRA (AXINULUS) ELLIPTICA Verrill and Bush, 1898.Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, in 1,151 fathoms.This is Axinodoii elliptlcHH Verrill and Bush, a species near T.cycladia S. Wood, but more rounded behind. The resilium is thickerand expanded behind on its ventral aspect, but is not internal in thestrict sense of being occluded by the shell dorsally. A microscopicnodulation under the beaks does not seem to differ, except in beingmuch smaller, from the occasional nodulations frequently found intypical Thyaslra in the same region. Only one specimen is known,and the evidence seems quite insufficient to separate it from A.i'inalusas yet.
? THYASIRA (AXINULUS) SIMPLEX Verrill and Bush, 1898.Casco Bay, Maine, to Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, in 319fathoms.This has the aspect of a iie})ionic slull and may even not Ixloiig tothis family.
? THYASIRA (AXINULUS) PYGM^A Verrill and Bush, 1898.Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, in 2ti()to 199 fathoms.Possi))ly the young oi frrruglnoKd. At all events, it has the appear-ance of a nepionic shell and re<(uires contirmation to rank as a species.
? THYASIRA (AXINULUS?) species indeterminate.Off Bernuulii. in 150 fathoms. Challenger expedition.An undetcrinin<Hl species, reported by E. A. Smith in his report onthe Challenger Belecypoda, page 195, 1885.
SYXOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 789AXINOPSIS ORBICULATUS G. O. Sars, 1878.Greenland and Cunil)erland Sound, south to Casco Bay, Maine, lU to30 fathoms; Arctic Ocean and northern Norway, 8 to 120 fathoms,hut not on the Pacific side.A variety rnmji/alwYcrriW and Bush, 1898, found in 18 to 20 fathomsfrom the Bay of Fundy to Cape Ann; is more quadrate, less orbicular,and all the specimens examined are smaller than the adult ^1. orhica-latus. A large proportion of all those dredged ])y the U. S. FishCommission, when compared with those from the high north, appearto be immature. The forms referred to this species from the Pacificcoast as far as examined all belong to other species of the genus.AXINOPSIS CORDATA Verrill and Bush, 1898.Marthas Vineyard to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, in 43 to 202fathoms.Extremely close to those Thyasiras which have the proximal end ofthe indented anterior hinge line slightly thickened.LEPTAXINUS MINUTUS Verrill and Bush, 1898.Off Marthas Vineyard, in 100 fathoms; easily identified by the dis-tinct lateral laminae.LEPTAXINUS INCRASSATUS Jeffreys (as Axinus), 1876.Baffins Bay and North Atlantic, in 1,480 to 1,785 fathoms; north ofIreland, in 1,180 fathoms. A variety ( ?) off' Culebra Island, West Indies,in 3;t0 fathoms, Challenger expedition.J effreys's original type is figured as exhibiting denticulations whichprobably liolong to a provinculum. His specimens in the U. S. NationalMuseum do not show it, but are evidently referable to Leptaxlnus. Hisvariety saccisa., however, is a distinct species of Axifiulns.Note.?The shell described by Reeve in 1850 as Lucina Jjarhafa wasdoubtfully referred to Cryptodon by E. A. Smith, in his report on theChallenger bivalves. That gentleman now thinks this identificationquestionable, as it was founded on a single imperfect valve which mayfind a place in Lucina., properly so called. Both shells are probablytrue Lucinas and the Challenger valve may be a drifted young specimenof L. pldlipplarut Reeve.SPECIES OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF AMERICA.THYASIRA BISECTA Conrad (as Venus), 1849.Gulf of Alaska and Puget Sound, in 69 to 135 fathoms. Also in thelater Tertiariis of California as far south as San Pedro.This is Cyprina hisecta Conrad, 1865, and ConcJiocele disjuncta Gabb,1866. It is the largest species of the genus, measuring up to 80 mm.
790 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.in extreme length, but .shows absolutely no characters which mightseparate it from its smaller congeners. . Tt was first described fromthe Miocene of Astoria; later turned up in the Pliocene of San Pedro(not the Post-Pliocene, as stated by Gabb) and lastly was dredged bythe U. S. Fish Commission and the Young Naturalists' Society ofSeattle, in Puget Sound/THYASIRA GOULDII Philippi (as Axinus), 1845.Metchigme Bay, Bering Strait, south to Sitka Harbor, the QueejiCharlotte Islands, and Puget Sound, in 8 to 111 fathoms. Also on theAtlantic coast and in the Pliocene of San Pedro, California, at DeadMans Island; Arnold,See the Atlantic list for further data,THYASIRA TRISINUATA d'Orbigny (as Lucina), 1845.Sitka Harbor, 10 fathoms; also on the Atlantic coast and the coastof Korea,See the Atlantic list for further data,THYASIRA BARBARENSIS Dall (as Cryptodon), 1889.Coast of Washington, south to the Gulf of California, in 10 to 559fathoms.Recalling 7\ .sy^/'.s//, but differently proportioned. The specimensnamed A.i-inusjfexuosus by Cooper, from 120 fathoms, near CatalinaIsland, California, proye to belong to this species,^THYASIRA EXCAVATA Dall, 1901.Oregon to the Gulf of California in (Ui to 1,005 fathoms,A well-marked species notable for the sharp Huting of the posteriordorsal area. See notes and descriptions,THYASIRA TOMEANA Dall, 1901.Tome, Chile, in 10 fathoms. See notes and descriptions.THYASIRA MAGELLANICA Dall, 1901.West coast of Patagonia in lOi to 348 fathoms. See notes anddescriptions.THYASIRA FUEGIENSIS Dall (as Cryptodon), 1889.West coast of Patagonia and in Magellan Strait in 77 to 449 fathoms.See the Atlantic list for other data.
' It is figured in Proc. U. S. Nat. INIuseuni, XVII, 1895, pi. xxvi, tigs. 2 and 5.
'^It is figured in Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, Xll, 1889, pi. viii, tig. 9.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 791THYASIRA (AXINULUS) FERRUGINOSA Forbes (as Kellia), 1844.Aleutian Islands in 00 fathoms; Krause.See the Atlantic list for further data.AXINOPSIS VIRIDIS Dall, 1901.Plover Bay, Bering Strait, southward to Catalina Island, California,on the east, and to northern Japan (Capt. St. John, R. N.) on thewest, in 5 to 167 fathoms.A silky green, solid, orbicular species with very distincth^ developedcardinal teeth. See notes and descriptions.AXINOPSIS SERICATUS Carpenter (as Cryptodon), 1864.Kyska Island, Aleutians, south to Puget Sound and Catalina Island,California, in 2 to 120 fathoms.More ovate, flatter and thinner, with a less developed dentition andpale yellow periostracum. The name was misprinted sei^ricatus in theBritish Association Report of 1863. See notes and descriptions.Family DIPLODONTID.E Dall.This family is composed of Lucinoid shells, in which the externallimb of the gills is developed, reflected, and sometimes appendiculate,the adductor scars not projecting into the disks of the mantle, thehinge with the laterals obscure or absent, the valve margins plain, theshell suborbicular in outline, rarely nestling and irregular. The footis elongated, cordlike, and more or less distally clavate in the tj^picalforms, but may be nearly normal in the estuarine Joannisiella^ afford-ing a parallel to Jagonki in the Lucinidre. Thoughout the family thedental formula is ^ ' ' :^, the central cardinals being usuallv bifid.R 0.0101.0The fossil genus S])hcerk)la has much the appearance externally ofDlj)lodo)ita^ but the shell is heavy, and the hinge edentulous, and itsrelations to this family remain to be made out. The genus TarasRisso, from the figure and description,^ would seem to be a Dlplo-donta^ in which the delicate posterior cardinal of the left valve hadbeen broken away and the corresponding tooth of the right valvemistaken for an adjacent lateral. It was founded on T. antiquatusRisso, a fossil of La Trinite (Tertiar}^). If this identification provescorrect, the name Taras will supersede Dlplodonta^ being five yearsearlier in date. It was placed next to Lorvpes by Risso. I do notmake the substitution, hoping that some Italian naturalist may be ableto examine Risso's type species, and thus arrive at certainty beforeupsetting an old and familiar name.
1 Hist. Nat. Eur. M^r., IV, 1826, p. 344, pi. xii, lig. 167.
I792 PROCEEDTXGS OF THE NATIOXAL MUSEUM. vouxxiii.The family comprises the following genera:DIPLODONTA Bronn, 1831.Type, Venus lupinus Brocchi.UNGULINA Daudin, 1802.Type, U. rubra Roissy.FELANIA Recluz, 1851. 'Type, Venus diaphana Gmelin.JOANNISIELLA Dall, 189S.Type, Cyrenella oblonga Sowerby.Of these genera only Dlplodonta is represented in American waters,as far as yet known, and it is divisible into the following groups:Section Dijplodonta s. s. Type, D. lupinus Brocchi.Section Felardella Dall, 1899. Type, Felmim mta Gould.Shell like Dlplodonta^ but heavy, compressed, smooth externally,with a conspicuous usualh" dark periostracum and less equilateralvalves.This group exists well developed in the Eocene. The species calledFelania bj^ Carpenter, from American waters, are included in it. Thetype is from Japan.Section Phlyctiderma Dall, 1899. Type, Diplodonta semiaspei'ciPhilippi.Shell like Diplodonta, except that the surface, in addition to incre-mental sculpture, is punctate, pustulate or subreticulate. The type isfrom Cuba, but the group is world wide.Section Sphcerella Conrad, 1838. Type, 8. sitbvexa Conrad=Eryc'ina subconvexa d'Orbigny 1852, not Lucina suhvexa Conrad, 1848.Shell large, concentrically striate, an impressed line above the anteriorcardinal, suggesting a minute lunule; the right posterior cardinalwide, undulated above, the posterior adductor scar distant from thehinge plate. The type is Miocene, and there is one recent speciesknown from the Atlantic coast; D. Verrill! Dall, 1900.Genus UNGULINA Daudin.This is Ungidlna Daudin,^ sole example U. ri<5*'? Roissy ^ and ClotheBasterot, 1825, not Faujas St. Fond, 1808.The type is TdUna cuneata Spengler,^ but not of d'Orbigny, 18-15.This specific name must be adopted in place of the more familiarrubra of Roissy. The Ungidina transversa of Lamarck,* is united byDeshayes with Lamarck's U. ohlonga, and both are identical with
'Bosc, Hist. Nat, Coq., Ill, 1802, p. 86.^Idem, pi. XX, figs. 1, 2.
"Chemnitz, Conch. Cab. VI, 1782, p. 135, pi. xiii, fig.131.
* Animaux sans Vertebres, V, 1818, p. 487.
N0.1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 793U. rubra Roissy ^ and the earlier ctmeata of Spenglev. Con rad ^ reportedthe presence of this species in a mass of coral rock containing- manyWest Indian boring molkisks, but this discover}' has not been contirmedby any subsequent collector or explorer, though in itself not inher-ently improbable. In the absence of confirmatory evidence we cannot regard the presence of Ihujulinacuneata in the American or WestIndian fauna as sufficiently established.No species of Felanla in the correct sense, or of Joannisiella, areknown from the Western Hemisphere.LIST OF EAST AMERICAN SPECIES.DIPLODONTA TORELLI Jeffreys, 1876.North Atlantic, southeast of Greenland, in 1,450 fathoms. Spits-bergen, in moderate depths of water. Also Aleutian Islands.A rude, chalky species of large size, which may perhaps be foundlater on the Labrador coast. The figure of Lucina leucophceata Reeve,1850, somewhat resembles this species.DIPLODONTA PUNCTATA Say, 1822.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 14 to124 fathoms, southward to the Straits of Magellan, and thence northto Chiloe Island.This is Aitiphldesnia jyimctata Sa}', 1822; LncJna (juaraniana d'Or-bigny, 1846; Lucina venezuelensis Dunker, 1848; Z. janeirensis Reeve,1850; L. suhglohosa C. B. Adams (1847), 1852; L. hrasiliensh Mittre,1850 (but not L. hrasiliana d'Orbignv, 1846, or IrrasiUensis Philippi,1850); Diplodonta Philllppll Huppe, 1854, and Mysia pellucidalA&\-prin, 1889.This is a phiin, globose shell, with feeble incremental sculpture andmicroscopic radial stride. The anterior end is somewhat attenuatedand the posterior expanded. The young are often nearly orbicular.The specific name is derived from the punctation visible on the disk,internally in many specimens. It appears to pass through MagellanStrait and reach as far north as the island of Chiloe, on the Pacific sideof South America.DIPLODONTA NUCLEIFORMIS Wagner, 1838.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Porto Rico and St. Thomas,West Indies, in 15 to 52 fathoms.This is My><la nvcleifoniiis of Wagner; Loripes elevata Conrad, 1845;Cytherea sphcerica H. C. Lea, 1845; Diplodonta elevata Conrad, 1858,and JfysHi carolinensts Conrad, 1875.It is a small, suborbicular, globose species, which goes back to theOligocene in time.iSonnini's Buffon, Moll. VI, 1805, p. 575, pi. lxvi, fig. 4.^Amer. Jour. Sci. XXIII, no. 2, 1833, p. 345.
1794 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxih.'DIPLODONTA PORTEZIANA d'Orbigny, 1846.Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and adjacent region. This is probably thesame as Lucina leucophceata Reeve, 1850.DIPLODONTA PATAGONICA d'Orbigny, 1842.Near Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 59 fathoms, south to San Bias Bay.DIPLODONTA ( FELANIELLA) CANDEANA d'Orbigny, 1846.Belize to Brazil, in 2 to 25 fathoms.DIPLODONTA (FELANIELLA) VILARDIBOANA d'Orbigny, 1846.Coast of Argentina, in 11 fathoms.DIPLODONTA ( PHLYCTIDERMA ) SOROR C. B. Adams, 1852.Texas coast to Jamaica. Pleistocene in South Carolina.D. kiawahensis Holmes, 1858, is s^'nonymous.DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) NOTATA Dall and Simpson, 1901.Marco, Florida, to Porto Rico.Like TJ. candeana^ but profusely' punctate.DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) SEMIASPERA Philippi, 1836.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape San Roque, Brazil, in 11 to20 fathoms.Luelna granulosa C. B. Adams, 1845, and Dunker, 1853; L. soiri-reticulata (part) d'Orbigny, 1846, are synonymous.DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) SEMIRETICULATA d'Orbigny, 1846.San Sebastian, Brazil, and southward to the coast of Uruguay andArgentina in 11 fathoms.D. semireflecta Krebs, 1864 {lapsus) and D. platensls Dall, 1899, aresynonymous. D'Orbigny confused this and the last species under onename, though noting the difterences (in 1853) between the Argentineand Antillean forms; but the ligure given in the original publicationis of the Argentine type, and I have therefore restored his name.The Antillean shell is more glo}>ular, smaller, and usually with thesculpture in separate granules or pustules, while that of the Argentineform is more like the reticulations of a stretched net.DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) PUNCTURELLA Dall, 1899.Jamaica, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, and receding to the Oligocene.
T
N0.1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?BALL. 795DIPLODONTA (SPHiERELLA) VERRILLI Dall, 1899.From Marthas Vine>^ard, Mas.sachusctt.s, to North Carolina, in 15 to69 fathoms.This is Diplodonia turgida Verrill and Smith, 1881, not of Conrad,1818. LIST OF WEST AMERICAN SPECIES.DIPLODONTA (TORELLI Jeffreys var.?) ALEUTICA Dall, 1901.Southern part of Bering Sea, from the Pribihjf Ishmds to the Aleu-tians, and eastward to the Shumagin Islands, in 3 to 13 fathoms.A chalky, subrectangular species, with coarse epidermis. Theyoung haye a smooth surface and dark gray periostracum. Theyoung of Torelli haye a yellow periostracum, profusely wrinkled.The adults appear almost identical, though the regions occupied are onopposite sides of the world.DIPLODONTA ORBELLA Gould, 1852.Kadiak Island, Alaska, to the Gulf of California, in 5 to 30 fathoms.Sj)hitreUa turn Ida (Conrad, Manuscript) Carpenter, 1863,^ is sj^n-onjnnous. D. suhrugosa Philippi^ should be compared with it.The gills in this species'* are all deyeloped, the foot with a short, stoutstem, and distally subspherically bulbous; there are two entiresiphonal orifices, without siphons, the anal exhibiting a short yalye.It is the habit of the animal to form a sort of nest of sand and adyen-titious matter, cemented by mucus, with long tul)ular openings, thewhole of irregular form, but completely concealing the inmate.DIPLODONTA SUBQUADRATA Carpenter, 1855.Catalina Island, California, south to Panama, in 16 to 36 fathoms.More compressed and thinner than D. orhella^ and of a differentoutline. In the description the edge of the excavated hinge plate hasbeen mistaken for a lateral tooth. It is not I). Hubquadrata Gabb(=Z>. gcibbi Dall), 1873, from the Tertiar}- of Santo Domingo, WestIndies, but is probably referred to* by the name D. undata hy Car-penter, 1857. DIPLODONTA PUNCTATA Say, 1822.From Magellan Straits northward to the island of Chiloe. SeeAtlantic list.
1 Not of Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1856, p. 215.
^Zeitsch. Mai., 1848, p. 183.^External and internal laminae, direct and reflected, with an appendix.
* Mazatlan Catalogue, p. 103.
796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.DIPLODONTA (FELANIELLA) OBLIQUA Philippi, 1846.Cape St. Luc'tts to Cxuayaquil.This is Diplodonta ohliqua Philippi, 1846, but not Lucina obliquaPhilippi, 1850 (April), nor of Reeve (June), 1850, Defranee, 1823. norGoldfuss, 18-11. Luc'ina ealcnlus Reeve, 1850, is synonymous.DIPLODONTA INCONSPICUA Philippi, 1842.Island of Chiloe, on the southern coast of Chile.This is D. inco7ispicua Philippi^ and Huppe." It is a rude species,with a coarse periostracum, the aiialogue in the Southern Hemisphereof 1). T(n'cin var. aJeuficil Dall in the northern Pacific.DIPLODONTA (FELANIELLA) SERICATA Reeve, 1850Lower California to Panama.This species varies slightly in outline and convexity, according- to itsstate of growth, and has been described inthelconica under the namesof Lucina cornea, L. niteuH^ and L. serlcata Reeve. Carpenter calledit Felaniaserricata {sic), by which name it is best known. He labeledsome rather convex specimens in the U. S. National Museum Z. teUl-noldes Reeve, but from the best information I can obtain the trueL. teUinoides is a Pseddomiltha, as elsewhere indicated.DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) C^ELATA Reeve, 1850.Bay of Guayaquil, Cuming.This species belongs to the same group as D. sevnirugom Dall, butditi'ers by its almost internal ligament, larger size, and coarser sculpture.DIPLODONTA (PHLYCTIDERMA) SEMIRUGOSA Dall, 1899.Gidf of California to Panama,This is DqtJodonta ,'<c//u'asjje/'a of Carpenter, 1S57, but not of Philippi,1836, which is the West Indian form. The Japanese species which hasbeen called bv the same name is now known as D.jaj?onica Pilsljry.NOTES.Lucina {Diplodonta?) capax Carpenter, 1863, page 69, from Pan-ama, appears to be a nomen nudum . Lucina obliqua Philippi, 1850,is an uncertain species, both as to habitat and characters. It is not theDiplodonta ohllqua Philippi, 1816. The Lucina punctata mentionedby Carpenter and others as inhabiting Panama is not the Diplodontapunctata Say or the Codakia punctata Linnaeus. It was probablyintended for the latter, which is not found on the west American coast,
' Wiegmann's Archiv., 1842, p. 74.
'Gay's Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 357, atlas, pi. viii, tig. 4.
f
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?BALL. 797but is Pohmesian. The references to west-coast localities are prob-ably based on Codahia colpoica Dall. Z. pxtvetata of Poulsen's cata-logue is probably L. orhicularis Linnteus. The Diplodonta semiasperaof Carpenter in the Mazatlan catalogue was a compound of severalspecies. His variety discrepant is indeterminable. A pencil sketchof it in my possession, made by Carpenter, looks not unlike the youngof Diplodonta orbella Gould.Family LUCINID^E.This family differs from the Diplodontidm by its less perfectlj^ devel-oped gills; from the Thyasiridce by the inclusion within the generalmass of the bod}^ of the hepatic and sexual glands, and also by thegills being less developed; from the Corbidw by the general shell char-acters and the loriform anterior -adductor scars prolonged into thearea of the disk. The branchial orifice is usually incomplete, and theanal is supplemented by a greatly developed introvertible tube, cor-responding to the "valve" of an ordinary Teleodont siphon, and usualh^supposed to be, but actuall}^ not, homologous with a true siphon. If,as seems possible, the Silurian Prolucina is a true Lucinoid, this is oneof the few families of Teleodonta which are represented in the Silurian,but the characteristics of Prolucina are not j^et fully elucidated.Excluding pre-Tertiary groups, the family contains the followinggenera: CODAKIA Scopoli, 1777.LUCINA Lamarck, 1799.LORIPES Cuvier, 1817.MYRT^^A Turton, 1822.PHACOIDES Blainville, 1825.DIVARICELLA von Martens, 1880.These groups and their su])divisions will be taken up serially.Genus CODAKIA Scopoli.This is Codahia Scopoli, 1777; Orhicahm (sp.) Megerle, 1811 (notOrhicida Lamarck, 1799); Lentillaria Schumacher, 1817; LenticvlariaGray, 1847; Ciena Morch, 1800 (not Ctenia Lepel, et Serv., 1825,Lepidoptera)^ Jagonia Recluz, 1869; Antilia de Gregorio, 1885 (not
^1;^ ?'////.'/ Duncan, 1864, Corallia)\ (7(9^?A'?'? Fischer, 1887, \xx\d Lintellaria^Bucquoy, Dollfus, and Dautzenberg, 1898 {err. typ. pro Lentillaria).This is a well-marked genus which may be divided as follows:Codakia s. s. Shell large and heavy with more or less distinctlyreticulate sculpture, valves white externally, if colored the color isinternal and chiefiy marginal; with small beaks and lunule, not intiated,
798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vu...xxiii.the lig-ament and resilium large, deeply inset, the former with an exter-nal calcareous coating- margins entire; foot moderatel}" elongated butnot lorit'orm.Dental formula: ,^ , * ,^^^-? , ? Type, Chanui codok Adanson.K olo. 0101. oloThe posterior lateral teeth are obscured by the growth of the liga-ment in the adult, but traces of them can almost always be noted. Thecai'dinals are not bifid and the anterior right cardinal is often obscuredby the excayation of the lunule in front of it in the adult, "vJagonia Recluz. Shell smaller, lighter, frequently tumid and yeryinequilateral; beaks more prominent and the lunule, relatiyely, oftenlarger; ligament and resilium external, on a narrow nymph, not coatedwith shelly matter; posterior laterals distinct; margins usuall}" crenu-late; foot differing little from the ordinary Pelecypod tj^pe. Type,Le jogon Adanson, = Yenus orhiculata Montagu + Luclna jhicteiiLamarck.In these forms the radial part of the sculpture is relatiyely morepronounced than in iJodakia. The name Ctena of Morch would haveprecedence oyer Jagonia if not regarded as preoccupied b}" the prioruse of Ctenia in entomology.In the typical diyision of the genus C. j';?/;?t^?'(;/to and C. tlgei'inaLinnteus (as Yemis^ 1T58) are P^ast Indian and Indo-Pacific, C. orhicu-lark Linmeus is Antillean, and a distinct species, here described, isfound on the Pacific coast. These haye been lumped together bymost writers hitherto to the great confusion of the nomenclature;though, as Han ley pointed out half a centur}^ ago, Linn^us himselforiginally discriminated the three first mentioned and assigned thetrue localities to them; though he afterwards confounded the secondand third. A similar confusion has, with more excuse, attended thenames of the more common species of Jagonia.^It is possible that when we know more about them some of the smallspecies, here referred to, Jagonia may require a separate section for
' The Mediterranean ppecien, long confounded with the Liicina pecten of Lamarck,is the Tellimi. reticulata of Poli, 1798, not of Linnfcus, 1766; the Luclna reticulata oiPayraudeau, 1826, not of Lamarck, 1818 {=Semele sp.); the Luclna squomoKa andpecten of authors, but not of Lamarck; the Luclna decussata of Costa, 1830; and,accf>rding to Dautzenberg (Moll, de Roussillon) the Luclna carnarla and miralillls oiLocard, 1892. The latter is not the L. wlrabllis of Dunker, 1865, which is MllthaVoorhwrei Deshayes, 1857, from Mozambique. The Mediterranean shell must thentake the name of Codakia {Jagonia) deeussata (Costa).The common Indo-Pacific species has almost as complex synonymy, having beenfirst described from specimens probably collected at the Sandwich Lslands byNuttall, but erroneously referred (like some other species of Nuttall) to San Diego,Californii, where no Jar/oiila exists. It is the Luclna heJla Conrad, 1837, not of Car-penter, 1857; L. fil)ul(t (part) Reeve, 1850; L. ramulosa Gould, 1850; L. dlrergens ofP)iilij)pi, 1850; and has been referred to L. sfpiamom and L. pecten of Lamarck bymany authors. The name Codakia {Jagonia) bella (Conrad) must be retained for it.
N0.1237. SYNOPSTS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 799tbeir reception, but for the present this seems unjustified. The EastAmerican species are as follows:CODAKIA ORBICULARIS Linnaeus, 1758.From St. Augustine, Florida, southward to the Ke3^s; at Bermuda;also on the west coast of Florida north to Little Sarasota Bay; Texas;East Mexico; throughout the West Indies as far as Maceio, Brazil;(Senegal if). In 1 foot water, among algw, Krebs.This is the Venus orhicularis of Linnteus, 1758; T^ tigerhia {piwt)^Linnaeus, 1766; Cytherea tigerina Lamarck, ex parte, 1818, but notC tigrina Lamarck, 1818; Luchia tigerina Reeve, 1850, not of Lin-naeus, 1758; Lucina inisilla Gould (nepionic shell), 1862; but notLncina orhicularis Sowerby, 1837, nor Deshayes (Morea) 1836. Yenusinvnixtata Linnaeus, 1758, is supposed Iw Dillwyn to be based on anartificiall}' polished specimen of this group.CODAKIA CUBANA Dall, 1901.Gulf of Mexico, at station 36, in 84 fathoms, U. S. Coast Surveysteanier Blake.A small, thin, and delicate species, with obsolete sculpture, as becomesits rather deep-water habitat. It was erroneously identified withLucina lenticula Reeve, in the Blake Report of 1886.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) ORBICULATA Montagu, 1808.This species was first described b}^ Montagu from an adventitiousspecimen supposed to be British. It is the Venus orhiculata Montagu,1808, and Dillwj^n, 1817; Lucina squamosa Lamarck, 1818, not ofLamarck, 1806; Lucina jpecten Lamarck, 1818 (not of many authors);Lucina imhrieatula C. B. Adams, 18-15; Lucina occidentalis Reeve,1850; Lucina ohliqua Reeve, 1860 (according to E. A. Smith), but notof Defrance, 1823, or Philippi, 1860; Lucina pectinata C. B. Adams,1852, not of Gmelin, 1792, or Carpenter, 1857; L. nasuta Guppy(erroneously as of Conrad), 1887; but not Lucina m'hiculata Nyst, ofthe Belgian Tertiaries. Guppy's name is probably an error for L.nassula Conrad, which belongs in a totally distinct group.This type appears to be very variable and to extend its range fromSenegal and the Azores to the east coast of America and the Antilles.The following forms may be discriminated:JAGONIA ORBICULATA var. ORBICULATA Montagu.Cape Lookout, North Carolina, and Bermuda, south to the WestIndies, the Abrolhos Islands and San Sebastian, Brazil; from lowwater to 52 fathoms: Senegal, Azores.This is the common form in which the sculpture is of rather strongribs radiating from the umbones and more or less divaricate toward
800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.the ventral margin, but not spinose or imbricate. It is Z. occidentalisReeve and L. j)(rfhiaf(i C. B. Adams.JAGONIA ORBICULATA var. FILIATA Ball, 1901.Florida Keys, Bermuda, and southward to Cuba and Yucatan, in 85to 300 fathoms.This is the deep-water type with ol>solete sculpture and entire, notdivaricatinjj-, riblets radiating directly to the margin. Reeve's figureof ohThpia fairly represents this form.JAGONIA ORBICULATA var. IMBRICATULA C. B. Adams.Jamaica, Santo Domingo, Santa Lucia, Curasao.This form has straight, strong ribs, not divaricating, and concentric-ally, evenly subimbricate,JAGONIA ORBICULATA var. RECURVATA Dall, 1901.Florida Keys to Cape San Antonio, in 8 to 300 fathoms.This form is more plump and the dorsal radials are distall}' arcuatelyrecurved, meeting the shell margin at right angles.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) COSTATA d'Orbigny, 1846.Cape Lookout, North Carolina, southward to Rio de Janeiro, andSan Sebastian, Brazil, in 13 to 85 fathoms.This is Lucina costata d'Orbigny, 1846, but not of Tuomey andHolmes, 1856; L. textills Philippi. April, 1850, but not of Guppy,1896; Lucina antillarura Reeve, August. 1850; Lucina ornata C. B.Adams (Manuscript 1847), 1852, but not of Reeve, 1850, nor of Agas-siz, 1845.This species varies from suborbicular to very inequilateral, but iseasily recognizable b}' its fasciculated riblets and wedge-like shape.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) PORTORICANA Dall, 1901.Mayaguez Harbor and San Juan de Porto Rico, in 20 to 30 fathoms.A small and inconspicuous species, which is provisionally located inthis group.CODAKIA (JAGONIA?) PECTINELLA C. B. Adams, 1852.Jamaica and southward to Point Malaspina, on the Argentine coast,where it was dredged in 51 fathoms.This little species is (juite distinct from any of the others and wantsthe right anterior cardinal tooth. The radial ribs are strong andcrossed l)y slender, sparse threads, which become lamellose on eitherside of the ))eaks. It may eventually be shown to bo better placed inone of the groups included in Phaco/dcn^
^It is figured in the Porto Rico Report, pi. vi, fig. 9.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LVGINACEA?DALL. 801The West American species are as follows:CODAKIA COLPOICA Dall, 1901.Gulf of California.This is Lucina thjerlna Carpenter, but not of Linnaeus; L. ptinctataof various authors, but not of Linnteus. The true tigerlna Linna'us(Z. exmperata Reeve) is Indo-Pacific, and so is L. punctata. Both ofthem have a sculpture very distinct from that of the Gulf species, andboth have erroneously been reported from Panama, and the latterfrom the Galapagos by Wiuuner.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) MEXICANA Dall, 1901.Gulf of California to Panama and Guacomayo.This species is much like 61 orhicitlata Montagu, but has a quitedifferent lunule. It is the L\icma pecthuita Carpenter, 1857, but notof Gmelin, 1792, or C. B. Adams, 1817; L. Jrhula Reeve, ex parte(fig-. 33 only), 1850; L. hella Carpenter, 1S61, not of Conrad, 1837.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) GALAPAGANA Dall, 1901.Galapagos Islands, Chatham, Hood, and Indefatigable.This form is easily distinguished from O. mexlcana^ which has entireribs, by its coarser, somewhat annulatcd, and distally fasciculatedradial ribs. It does not appear to pass south of the Galapagos Islands.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) CHIQUITA Dall, 1901.Oft' Lower California at station 2830, dredged by tlie U. S. FishCommission in Q^ fathoms, sand.This is perhaps the smallest species of Jayonta in west Americanwaters; with line concentric and sparse obscure radial sculpture, andsuborbicular outline.Note.?A Lucina dlstlmjuejida is enumerated l)y Fischei" fromPanama,^ but without any author's name, and I am unable to discoverany desci'iption or other reference to it in the literature which wouldenable me to determine wdiat shell was intended. It is true, Fischerrefers to it as the Pacific analogue of L. tigerIn a Linnanis, l?ut asboth tigerlna and jyunctata have been reported from Panama, it ispossible that there are more than one species of large Codakla nativeto that locality; and the one referred to by Fischer may prove, ifidentified, distinct from the Gulf species which I have named C.col'polca. Genus LUCINA (Bruguiere) Lamarck.This is Lucina Bruguiere, 1797 (not 1792, as often stated), in part;Lucina Lamarck, 1799; Anodontia Link, 1807; and Lorlpes of many
1 Manuel, p. 160, 1881.Proc. N. M. vol. xxiii??51
1802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vouxxm.authors, but not of Cuvier, 181T, after Poll, 1791. Type, Lucina eden-tula Linn feus.Shell inflated, thin, concentrically striated, anterior and posteriordorsal areas obsolete; lunule deep and narrow, no visi})le escutcheon;ligament and resiliuni deeph' inset but not occluded; margins entire,anterior adductor scar long, hinge wholly edentulous, shell usuallylarge. ^The following subgenus nm' be admitted:Loripinus Monterosato, 1883. Type, Litcinafragills Philippi (= Z.edentula Brocchi, not Linna'us), Mediterranean.Shell small, with the ligament obsolete and the resiliiun whollyinternal; the anterior adductor scar short and wide, otherwise likeLucina.The following are the American species:LUCINA CHRYSOSTOMA (Meuschen) Philippi, 1847.Bermuda, South Florida, the West Indies, and northern coast ofSouth America, in moderate depths of water.This is Tellina crywstoma Meuschen, 1787, and Venus edentulaChemnitz, 1784; Anodontia alha Link, 1807; Lucina chri/sosto/na ofPhilippi, 18-1:7, and Morch, 1853.It is the Lucina edentula of Reeve, 1850, and many other writers,but Hanley has shown that the Linn{?an edentula (1758) was probablythat named by Reeve L. ovuni^ an oriental form described by Forskalunder the specific name of (jlvho.^ta (1776), and Avith which, accordingto von Martens (1880), L. pila Reeve is synonymous.LUCINA PHILIPPIANA Reeve, 1850.Cape Ilatteras, North Carolina; Bernuida, and southward throughthe West Indies; Japan ^.This is the L. edentula Philippi, 1847, not Linnaeus, 1758, and theL. schramnvi Crosse, 1876. It varies sutticiently in its outline andconvexity to suggest, in the absence of a series, that the student isdealing with more than one species.A young vahe of this species in defective condition ma}' I )e the shellidentitied by Smith in the Challenger })ivah es from near Berumda asLucina harhata of Reeve, an identification Mr. Smith regards asdoubtful. LUCINA EDENTULOIDES Verrill, 1870.Magdalena Bay, Ijower Califoi'iiia. and in the Gulf of California.It is Ln'ipes edcntuloides Verrill, 1870, and possibly Avas the shellintended by Carpenter when he cited a Licina capax from Panama, towhich I have not been able to find any other reference in tiie literature.This species is very similar to the West Indian form, but difl'ers by its
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 803more central umbones, while the very similar Lucina hialata Pilsbry,of Japan, carries the procesg of centralizing the beaks almost tocompletion. LUCINA PHENAX Dall and Simpson, 1901.Mayaguez and San Juan harl)ors, Porto Rico, in 5 to 30 fathoms.Small, delicate, sparsely concentrically threaded, with grayishperiostracum, translucent white shell, the aspect of Loripimis^ butthe external ligament of Lucina. This species is described in thereport on Porto Rico mollusks, prepared for the U. S. Fish Commission.Genus LORIPES Cuvier.Shell suborbicular with feeble sculpture, a narrow elongate lunule,posterior dorsal area obscure or absent; ligament obsolete, resiliumseparated from it, deeply innnersed, wholly internal; hinge with theposterior laterals and right anterior cardinal absent, the anterior lat-erals often obsolete; margins entire, anterior adductor scar long andnarrow.T3"pe, Avnphidesma lucinalls ljSimskrck= Tellina lactea of Poli andothers, l)utnotof Linuasus, Lncinaleucoma Turton, Z. (iiiiphhh'.sinoidesand lacteijides Deshayes, and L. elata Locard. Habitat, Mediterranean.The genus is Loripes Cuvier, 1817, not Schweigger, 1820; Thyati/raGray, 1847, not of Hiibner, 1816; Ligida Menke, 1830, not of Mon-tagu, 1803; Lucinida d'Orbiguy, 181:0, and Lucinidea Barrois (in Zittel),1887.The American species are:
? LORIPES CLAUSUS Philippi, 1848.Belize, British Honduras, Rev. W. A. Stanton.This species is solid, compressed, sharpl}' concentrically, and minutelyradiallv, striated; with a small but \evj distinct anterior dorsal area,deep short lunule, and well-developed anterior lateral tooth.Lucina .sulcata Reeve, May, 1850, is externally very similar, fromthe figure, but Reeve gives no data as to the hinge characters. L. claususis figured })y Philippi, 1850. Onl}^ one dead valve was received fromthe collector. LORIPES CRYPTELLUS d'Orbigny, 1846.Pernambuco, Brazil.This species has a large dorsal anterior area, the hinge has the lat-erals obsolete as in L. luc/'nah'-s Lamarck, and the surface concentric-ally striate. As figured by d'Orbign}^ the valves are markedl}' unequal,but this may have been an individual abnormality. It is much moreinflated than L. clausus.This species is called Luci?ia and Lucinida cryptella hy d'Orbigny
804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.xxiii.in his text, but on the Plate lxxxiv of the atlas, where it is tigured,the name is L\icma hra-slliana d'Orbigny. It is not the Lucinahrasiliensis of Philippi, 1848.The name Loripcs has been veiy generally applied to the large, gloljoseedentulous shells which are properly known as typical Luclna^ butthese have not an internal resilium. Loripes leihs of Verrill and Smith,1880. and L. compressa Dall, 1881, should be placed in the genusMyrtma^ as the}' also are destitute of the internal resilium which is thechief characteristic of the genus Loripes.Genus MYRT^^A Turtou, 1822.This is CyracluBa Leach, 1852, and OrtyyUi (sp.) Brown, 1827.Type, Venui< spinifcra Montagu, 18<>;-^. Northern Europe.Shell ovate or subroctangular, not inflated, the dorsal areas obsolete,sculpture chietiy concentric; lunule and escutcheon long and narrow;ligament and resilium deep-seated, but not internal, anterior adductorscar rather sliort; hinge with the right anterior cardinal normallyabsent and the left laterals frequently obsolete.Two s(H'ti()ns are discriminal)le:Myrtaea s. s. Shell of moderate size, with purely- concentricscidpture.Eulopia Dall, 1901.. Shell small, with radial vermicular sculpturebetween stronger concentric lamellae Type, Lnv'nia m<jrinata Dall,1886.This group appears in the Oligocene of Bowden, Jamaica.The American species are as follows:MYRT^^A LENS Verrill and Smith, 1880.From Cape Cod, Massachusetts, south to the Antilles and Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, in 50 to 464 fathoms, bottom temperatures rangingfrom 41.5? to 46.5? F.This is Lorqh'-s Jcnn of Verrill and Smith, 1880, but not Lncl/in lensof Roemer (Nordd. Kreidegeb.), 1841, nor Luclna lens of H. C. Lea(Virginia miocene) 1845.MYRTiEA COMPRESSA Dall, 1881.Cuba and Sombrero, West Indies, in 72 to 424 fathoms.This is Lorlpea amipressa Dall, 1881, and may prove to be anextremel}'^ transverse and compressed variety of J/, lens Verrill andSmith. MYRTiEA PRISTIPHORA Dall and Simpson, 1901.Porto Rico, Santa Lucia, Bar])ados. and (irenada, in ?><) to 300fathoms.Described and figured in the Porto Rico report of the U. S. FishCommission.
A
N0.1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?BALL. 805MYRTi^A (EULOPIA) SAGRINATA Dall, 1886.Florida Keys and westward to Yucatan Strait, in 85 to 3(J() fathoms.A peculiar small shell with which Lucma fabula Reeve is naturallyassociated. It was described as Lucina sagrinata.^]v[oTE.?The type of this genus is the Venus spinifei^a Montagu,]^^03. _[_ MyrtiWi spinifera Turton, 1822; Lucina hiatelloides (Basterot)Philippi, 1836; and Ludna spinom Philippi, 1844.No species of this genus are yet reported from the Pacific coast.Genus PHACOIDES Blainville.This is PJuicoideH Blainville, 1825; Lucina Lamarck, 1801 (but notLamarck, 1799); Trlodonta (sp.) Gray, 1851 (not of Schumacher, 1817);LLere Gabb, 18H6: LInga de Gregorio, 1885; Oavilucma and Drntilu-cina Fischer, 1887.This comprises most of the species included by many authors inLucina, in a broad sense, but not the original Lucina of Lamarck,which has very generally been called Loripes erroneously.Owing to the very numerous modifications of characters shown inthis group, it becomes necessary, for clearness, to divide it into a ratherlarge number of subdivisions, both su])genera and sections.Subgenus Phacoides Blainville, s. s. Type Tellimi pectinata Gmelin(+ Lucina janHiicensis Lamarck).Shell lentiform, with strong dorsal areas and chiefly concentric sculp-ture, the cardinal teeth o])solete in the adult, but the laterals welldeveloped.This is Denfilucina Fischer.Subgenus Here Gal)li. Type, Lucina richthofeni Gabb.Shell solid, globose, with developed dorsal areas and conspicuousconcentric sculpture, the lunule often deeply impressed and the rightanterior cardinal effaced, the other teeth well developed.This is Lucina Schumacher, 1817, not Lamarck, 1799, + Linga deGregorio, 1885. It may l)e divided into sections, the typical group,as above, and:Section Pleurolucina Dall, 1901. Type, Lucina leucocyma Dall.1886.Shell with a small numlxn- of large radial ribs in addition to the con-centric sculpture.Section Camlucina Fischer, 1887. Type, Lucina sulcata Lamarck.Shell small, compressed, concentrically striate, the areas and teethoften obsolete, the luiuile small and often deep.Subgenus Lucinisca Dall, 1901. Type, Lucina nassula Conrad.Shell lentiform, white, with well-marked dorsal areas, the sculpturereticulate and muricate, the right anterior cardinal obsolete.nt is figured in the Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XII, 1889, p. 263, pi. xiv, fig. 11.
806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.This is ;i well-marked g-roup, belonging in the warmer seas andhaving a very elegant type of sculpture.Subgenus Miltha H. and A. Adams. This is Miltha H. and A. Adams,1857, and Milthea Meek, 1870. The typ(? is Lncina ohildreni Gray,1825, as Tellina.This group is solid, compressed, concentrically striate, with a con-spicuous periostracum, narrow impressed lunule, inconspicuous dorsalareas, deeply inset but not internal ligament and resilium and entiremargins. It is divisible into two sections:Miltha s. s. Hinge with two clean-cut cardinal teeth in each valve,the inner pair ))ilid, the laterals absent or obsolete.Pseudomiltha Fischer, 1885. Type, L. (ilgantea Deshayes, Eoceneof Paris.Shell much like M/ltlia^ but with the hinge teeth wholly obsolete.This type goes back to tTie beginnings of the Tertiary and includessome of the largest lucinoid forms known; one, the Luc'ina megamerisDall, of the Jamaican Oligocene, reaches a length of some 10 inches.Subgenus Lucinoma Dall, 1901. Type, Lucina filom Stimpson.Shell usually large, lentiform, white, with a conspicuous periostra-cum, concentrically lamellose or striated; the cardinal teeth developed,the inner pair usually bitid; the laterals obsolete or absent, the innermargins entire.This is a well-marked group with extensive geographical and geo-logical distribution, inhabiting preferably cold waters and frequentlyabj^ssal depths.Subgenus Callucina Dall, 1901. Type, Lucina radians Conrad.Shell Dosinoid, concentrically filose, sometimes with feeble radialsculpture; the dorsal areas o])Solete; the lunule small, comprised chiefl}"in one valve and litting into a recess in the opposite valve; hinge withone cardinal in each valve, the other teeth feeble or absent; inner mar-gins crenulate.The L. concentrlca Reeve is also a mem))(n- of this group, wliichcomprises the typical section, as above; andSection Eplluclna Dall, 1901. Type, Luelva CaJlfornica Conrad.Shell veneriform, convex, all the hinge teeth developed, inner mar-gins entire; otherwise like Callucina.Subgenus Parvilucina Dall, 1901.Shell small, plump, often inecjuilateral; sculpture more or less retic-ulate but not nuiricate, teeth small, l)ut all usuall}^ present.Section Parvilucina s. s. TVpe, Lucina tiuvlsculpta Carpenter.Dorsal areas obscure or obsolete, sculpture feeble.Section Bellucina. Dall, 1901. Type, Parvilucina eucosmia Dall,1901 {==== Lucina plsniii Reeve, 1850, not Sowerby, 1887, nord'Orbigny, 1841, nor Philippi, 1850).Dorsal areas and sculpture strong.
N0.1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 807
? Subg-enus Prolucina Dall, 1896. Type, Lucina prisca^ Hisinger,Silurian.Shell compressed, arcuate, almost rostrate, the anterior portionlarger, the anterior adductor scars high, large, Lucinoid: the poste-rioi' narrow, elongate. Teeth unknown.This group appears to be geiuiinely Lucinoid. though ParacyclaHHall, generall}' referred to the Lucinacea, should probal)ly heexchxdedfrom it, having no really Lucinoid features.EAST AMERICAN SPECIES.PHACOIDES PECTINATUS Gmelin, 1792.St. Aug'ustine, Florida, to the West Indies and soutliward to Monte-video, Uruguay, in shallow water.This is Tellina %)ectinata Gmelin. 1792, and Wood, 1815; Telllnajmnaicensis Spengler, 1798; Tdl'ma scahM (Chemnitz) Wood, 1815;Lucina jamaicensis Lamarck, 1818; Lucina mahra Gray, 1825; Lucina{PJutcotdes) jmnaicen.sis Blainville, 1825; Lucina funwulata Reeve,1850, but not Lucina pectinata C. B. Adams, 1852, nor Carpenter,1857. PHACOIDES (HERE) PENSYLVANICUS Linnaeus, 1758.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to and throughout the WestIndies and the continental shores adjacent, in shallow water, one-fourth to 6 fathoms.This is Yemts pensyVvanica Linnaeus, 1758; Lucina peiinsylvanicaReeve, 1850; Lucina grandinata Reeve, 1850, and Lucina speciosaReeve, 1850, but not L. speciosa Rogers, 1836.This well-known species is a very beautiful object when its perios-tracum is perfect, but the differences in the latter upon which Reevefounded one of his species are not constant in individuals from thesame locality. The oriental Lucina vi/rgo Reeve, which Tryon uniteswith this species, appears to me to be distinct, but I have some sus-picion that the L. ohliqim Philippi, 1850 (April, not of Reeve, June,1850), may have been founded on a j^oung shell of this species.PHACOIDES (HERE) ADANSONII d'Orbigny, 1839.Senegal. Canaries; St. Thomas, and other localities in the WindwardIslands of the West Indies.This is the Lucina colwnbella of authors, but not of Lamarck, whosetype is a fossil of the French Miocene. It seems rare in the WestIndies. It is not the Lucina adanwnii Reeve (1850) = senegalemisReeve, in errata.
^See Zittel, Textb. Pal. I, 1896, p. 408.
808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIII.PHACOIDES (HERE) AURANTIUS Deshayes, 1830.St. Thomas, Santa Cruz, Guadeloupe, the Virg-in Ishxnds, and otherloeahtie.s in the Lesser Antilles, in one-fourth to 1 fathom water sandy])ottom. "^This species is distinguishable from /\ m/anmmi by other charac-ters than its salmon-colored margins. It is the Lue{7ia auranthi ofDeshayes and has also been reported from the Azores.PHACOIDES (HERE) SOMBRERENSIS Dall, 1886.Northern part of the Gulf of Mexico south to Sombrero IslandWest Indies, in 60 to 84 fathoms. 'This resembles P. adansonn \n miniature.'PHACOIDES (PLEUROLUCINA) LEUCOCYMA Dall, 1886.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and south to Cuba, in 4H to 683fathoms.This is inmiediately recognizable by its few broad ri})s and smallwiiite sii(dl, which is figured with the preceding.'PHACOIDES (CAVILUCINA) TRISULCATUS Conrad, 1841.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to Cal)o Sa.i Roque Brazilin 10 to 20 fathoms.Notable for its obliquity and its two or three strongly marked rest-ing stages, from which the name is deri^?ed. The original Lucina tri-mlcata Conrad, is a miocene fossil. The recent shell usually called bythis name is often yery similar to the fossil, but there is a larger,flatter, less coarsely sculptured form in the West Indies which liasmuch less emphatic resting stages, and, if not distinct, is at least arecognizable yariety, which may be called hlatuJn^.^ It is intermediatebetween the typical P. trisulcahis and the Pacific coast P. lamprus.It yaries from white, through yellow, to orange^ color.PHACOIDES (LUCINISCA) NASSULA Conrad, 1846.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to Cul)a and Avest to MobileBay, in 7 to 200 fathoms.This is LuGi7ia Untea Conrad, 1S66, and Lxeha vasxuhi Conrad,1846. It is not the shell intended by Guppy, under the name of"w?.v?te Conrad," which is xiJagonin, but Conrad has not describedany Lucina nasuta.
I
'See Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XII, 1889, p. 263, pi. xiv fig 1.3Udem, 1889, pi. xiv, figs. 6, 7.
?"?See RL'port on Porto Rico shells, p. 49.3, 1901, pi. vi, lig. 13.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCTNA^EA?BALL. 809PHACOIDES (LUCINISCA) MURICATUS Spengler, 1798.Florida Kej^s and West Indies, with adjacent coast, in (5 to 12 fathoms.(Pacific coast??)This is Tellina muricafa Spengler, 1798; T. luthrlcata Chemnitz(1799?); Liicina scahra Lamarck, 181S, but not Tdlina {= Lucina)iicahra of Chemnitz and Dillwyn, 1817; and Luclrka scol>in(ita Recluz,1852. It is very easily recognized ])y its spinose radial sculpture pre-vailing over the concentric portion, while in the preceding species thereticulation is nearh" uniform and the spinosities not prominent.PHACOIDES (PSEUDOMILTHA) FLORIDANUS Conrad, 1833.West coast of Florida from Charlotte Harbor to Cedar Keys, andwestward to Corpus Christi, Texas.Surface with rather rude concentric growth stages and a pale paperyperiostracum; the shell usually tlat and rather heav3^ It was descril)edas a Lticina and referred by Tryon (1872) to Lorlpei^.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) FILOSUS Stimpson, 1851.Casco Ba}', ]Maine, south to Cape Florida, in 16 to 528 fathoms.This is the Lucina radula Gould, 1841, but not of Montagu, 1803;and the L. contravta De Kav, 1843, not of Say, 1824, It has beenunited, erroneously, with the Phacoklex Ixyrenlh Linn^us, by severalauthors. It is a cold-water shell, and is found in increasingly greaterdepths as it passes southward.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) BLAKEANUS Bush, 1893.Massachusetts Bay to Cape Fear, North Carolina, in 18 to 464fathoms.Very close to the preceding species, but more quadi-ate, more sparselylamellose, and with a relatively shorter anterior adductor scar, andshallower sulcus for ligament and lunule.
? PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) BOREALIS Linnaeus, 1766.Iceland. European seas. Northeast America?This is the Venus horealis of Linna?us in 1766, but not of Gmelin,1792; the Venus sjmria of Gmelin, 1792; Tellina radula Montagu,1803; Lucina alha Turton, 1822, and Thiatira spuria Gray, 1847.This species has been reported from the east and west coasts of Amer-ica by Carpenter, Cooper, and others, but the nearest authentic recordis Iceland, on the authority of Steenstrup. The others are doubtlessdue to confusion with related Init not conspicuously similar species.PHACOIDES (CALLUCINA) RADIANS Conrad, 1841.Cape Lookout, North Carolina, and south to Florida, Bermuda, andPorto Rico, iu 5 to 85 fathoms, living, dead \ahes in 287 fathoms.
810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.This is Lucina radians Conrad, 1841, and Lucina radiata of Conradin his Medial Tertiary, 1845, but not Lucina ra(1iaiii< Deshayes (inMeHeville) 1843. which is a FelanieUa.PHACOIDES (CALLUCINA) BERMUDENSIS Dall, 1901.Bermuda, Hartt.This appears to be Lucina lenticiila Reeve, August, 1850, not ofGould, June, 1850. I have therefore substituted a new name for thepreoccupied term. The specimens which agree very well with Reeve'sfigure^ were found incrusted in the limy sand of the beach and no liv-ing ones have come to my notice. It is not the species catalogued byme in 1889 as Z. Irut!cjiia.~PHACOIDES (PARVILUCINA) CRENELLA Dall, 1901.Cape Henry, Virginia, south to Cu))a, in 'J, to 124 fathoms.This is Lucina crciiulata Dall,~ but not of Searles Wood, 1840-1853,or Conrad (1834), 1840.PHACOIDES (?) LENTICULUS Gould, 1850.Rio Janeiro (^) United States exploring expedition, under Wilkes.This is Lucina lenticula Gould, 1850 (not of Reeve). A dubiousspecies of which the t3^pe is lost, the locality uncertain, and which iserroneously called Oi/clas on Goidd's plate.PHACOIDES (BELLUCINA) AMIANTUS Dall, 1901.Cape Lookout, North Carolina, south to the West Indies and to SanSebastian, Brazil, in 2 to 640 fathoms, living.This is the Lucina costata^^ of Dall, 1889, but not of d'Orbigny, 1846,or of Tuomej^ and Holmes, 1856. A very elegant little species, theanalogue of Lucinii cancellaris Philippi, of the Pacitic coast. Livingspecimens have ])een found on the reefs among the Florida Keys byHemphill and also dredged in 640 fathoms, Yucatan Strait, l)y the U. S.Coast Survey Steamer Blahe, a very remarkable liathymetilcal range.WEST AMERICAN SPECIES.PHACOIDES (HERE) RICHTHOFENI Gabb, 1866.Catalina Island to Gulf of California, in 16 to 6(') fathoms.The analogue of the Atlantic P. adansonii d'Orbigny, but with amore capacious lunule. This feature, however, differs considerablyat difierent ages of the same individual, and the young show but little
1 Conch, Icon., XI, fig. 67.^See Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, 1889, p. 50.
f
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 811'
excavation. The 3^oung is Zueina excavata Carpenter, 1857, not ofd'Orbigny, 1851, but not the excavata of most west coast collections.PHACOIDES (HERE) MAZATLANICUS Carpenter, 1857.Mazatlan.Carpenter's specimens are so small that it is difficult to be certainabout them, but they appear to be a distinct species, allied to theAtlantic P. somhret'en.sls. The}" are distinguished from young apjprox-imatuH by their dense concentric lamellation.PHACOIDES (CAVILUCINA' LAMPRUS Dall, 1901.Gulf of California.This varies from white to orange color, is concentrically filose, andoften has the teeth quite distinct. It is LuciiM excwmita of most ofthe Pacific coast collections, ])ut not of Carpenter, 1857, or of d'Orbigny,1851. PHACOIDES (CAVILUCINA) LINGUALIS Carpenter, 1864.
? Monterey, California. Gulf of California to Acapulco, Mexico.The Pacific analogue of the Atlantic P. t'i'hulcatu>< Conrad. Valveswere collected at Monterey by Gab)), but they were probably adven-titious, as no other collector has found the species north of the Gulf.PHACOIDES (CAVILUCINA) PROLONGATUS Carpenter, 1857.Cape St. Lucas.A miniature of the preceding, with exaggerated o])liquit3\ Itappears to be rare, and I have seen only worn valves.PHACOIDES (PLEUROLUCINA) UNDATUS Carpenter, 1865.Gulf of California.This is Lucina undata Carpenter, 1865, but not of Lamarck, 1818.Since Lamarck's species had been transferred to Lucinaps Is (= 2JJyKia)before the publication of Carpenter's name, the latter need not lierejected.PHACOIDES (LUCINISCA) FENESTRATUS Hinds, 1844.Lower California to Panama (and Tuml)ez, Peru?), in 10 to 30fathoms.The finest and largest species of the subgenus, in occasional individ-uals of which a dwarf anterior right cardinal is perceptible. A young-valve, probal)ly of this species, was referred to Lucina niuricata byCarpenter in the Mazatlan Catalogue, but the latter is not known fromthe Pacific Coast. Lucina ocliracea Reeve, 1850, should be comparedwith this species.
812 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii. ,PHACOIDES (LUCINISCA) NUTTALLII Conrad, 1837.Santa Barbara, Califoniia, to the (lulf of California, in 1(5 to 30fathoms.The Pacitic analoo-ue of 7^. ?)aK'<i(I(( Conrad of the Gulf of Mexico,but a larg-er and tiner shell, A variety, centrifugus Dall, has the con-centric sculpture lunir tiu> l)eaks sparser, more elevated and fring-edwith Hat spiiudes, usually worn off; it was dredj^ed in the Gulf in 26fathoms. Owing- to the manner in which the muricate species haveIxMMi c()nfus(>d with one another, it is difficult to disentangde their dis-tribution from the literature; ])ut I have seen no authentic specimensof this species from south of the Gulf of California.
? ? PHACOIDES (LUCINISCA) MURICATA Spengler, 1798.
"'Tumbez, Peru," Reeve; "" ^ Mazatlan'' Carpenter.The synon}^!!}^ of this species will be found in the east coast list. Ihave never seen an authentically west coast specimen of this shell. Itis not found in an}' of the faunal pu])lications on this coast except thatof Carpenter, and there, only with doubt, is identified from a minutefragment, less than a tenth of an inch long. Reeve's localities arenotoriousl}^ unrelial)le. 1 consider that the presence of this species onthe Pacific coast is yet to be demonstrated, but do not feel justified inomitting' all reference to it here.PHACOIDES (MILTHA) CHILDRENI Gray, 1825.Gulf of California, Cape St. Lucas, Mazatlan.This large fiat species is unmistakable; the locality, Brazil, givenin the Conchologia Iconica, is erroneous. The type specimen wasdescril)ed as inequivalve, but the specimens 1 have seen appear to beentirely equivalve. It was first described as a TelUna.PHACOIDES (PSEUDOMILTHA) TELLINOIDES Reeve, 1850.Magdalena Bay, west coast of Lower California, south to Guaya-quil, in 11 fathoms.Very like the M. Jloridava Conrad, but more elegjint, and with abright yellow periostracum. It seems to have been at first confusedby Cari)wit('r with FclanieUa i<ei'iaita^ owing to the fact that Reeve'sfij^ure is not \'(n"y characteristic. It was described as a Luciiui.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) HEROICUS Dall, 1901.
Ofi' West Mexico, in 1, (?(>.) fathoms, in latitude 27 2-1' N., Gulf ofCalifornia.One of the finest species of this interesting and characteristic group,nuich larger than n-i^ahonai ns Stearns, and with a rounder outline.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 813PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) ANNULATUS Reeve, 1850.Sitka, Alaska, and ^^outh to San Pedro, California, in 8 to 135fathoms.This is the Lmina. horcalk of Cooper, Carpenter, and Gabb, Imtnotof Linnieus; Uidna filosa J)2l\, 1870, notStimpson, 1851; Liwmaacutilineata of Gabb and other Californian authors, but not of Con-rad, 1819; acutilirata "Conrad" of Cooper, 1861, in Carpenter, mean-ing- ncntni/neoia. Reeve's figure of his cimmlata, doubtfully referi-edto California, so exactly represents a young specimen of this specieswhich has bleached or lost its yellowish periostracum, that I have littlehesitation in referring it to our shell.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) iEQUIZONATUS Stearns, 1890.(Plate XLI, tigs. 2, 3.)Santa Barbara channel, in 276 fathoms; a very distinct subquadratespecies.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) LAMELLATUS E. A. Smith, 1881.West coast of Patagonia, in K) to 369 fathoms, also in St. AndrewsBay.A well marked species from the southern extreme of South America,originally described as a Diplodonta.PHACOIDES (EPILUCINA) CALIFORNICUS Conrad, 1837.Crescent City, California, south to San Diego, in 3 to 15 fathoms;Acapulco ''iThis is the Luclna callfornlca of Conrad, and the young werenamed Z. ,irtein!(I!s by Carpenter in 1856. A species luiique in itscharacters among recent shells, but with an analogue in the Tertiariesof the southeastern States.PHACOIDES (PARVILUCINA) TENUISCULPTUS Carpenter, 1865.Nunivak Island, Bering Sea. and southward to Catalina Island, Cali-fornia, in 8 to 135 fathoms.A species of which the metropolis is in the cold waters of- the north-ern coast.PHACOIDES (PARVILUCINA) APPROXIMATUS Dall, 1901.Catalina Island, California, and south to Panama, in 5 to 10 fathoms.Closely related to the last species, but smaller, more delicate, with-out the anterior right cardinal tooth which is developed in the northernshell, and most abundant in the Gulf of California.
814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.PHACOIDES (BELLUCINAi CANCELLARIS Philippi, 1846.Cerros Island, west of Lower California, and south to the Gulf and*to Panama, in 5 to 80 fathoms.An elt>ua,itly sculptured species, with analogues on the Atlantic coastand in the China seas.Notes.?The Liwina crlstata of Recluz (not of Smith, 1885), is aTeUidora, near T. Burneti Broderip and Sowerby, but found on theAtlantic coast. Lucina pidchella C. B. Adams, 1845, not Grzybowski,18!>!?, is a Strigilla. Lucina corrngnfa Deshayes, 1843, is credited iby him to California, but really belongs to the Indo-Pacific fauna, andhas been collected at Singapore. It is LucinajduUpplnarurn Hanley,1850. Lucina sulcata Reeve, 1850, which has some external similarityto Loripes clausm Philippi, is regarded by Mr. E. A. Smith as iden-tical with L. argentea Reeve, from the Moluccas, and appears to havethe characters of Phacokles. Laclna cariha'a d'Orbigny, of Beau'scatalogue of the shells of Guadeloupe, is apparently ix'^nomen mahnn]as I have not been able to And any description of it in the literature.A Lucina oerstedfi of Morch is listed from the AVest Indies in thePoulsen catalogue, but it is probably a manuscript name, and no shellso laljcled now appears in the Poulsen collection at Christiania, accord-ing to Dr. Collett.Genus DIVARICELLA von Martens, 1880.This is Cydas of Morch, 1853, not of Lamarck, ITlM*; Egraca (sp.)of Leach, 1852; LucineUa Monterosato, 1883; Loripes and Lucina(sp.) of various authors. Type, D. angulifera von Martens = Lucinaornata Reeve, 1850, not of C. B. Adams, 1852, Mauritius.This genus is divisible as follows:Section Diraricella s. s.Valves suborbicular, convex, subequilateral, with inconspicuousbeaks, no dorsal areas, two cardinal teeth in each \'alve, the laterals\arial)le, the posterior distant, usually obsolete; the anterior feeble,adjiuvnt; ligament and resilium set in a groove, but not internal, theexcavated striae forming an angle on a line radial from the beaks.Type, I), ornata Reeve.Section Ponipholigina Dall.Valves extremely tumid, the umbones sul)spiral, the teeth cyclo-dont, anterior and posterior dorsal areas indicated. Type, Lucinagibba (h-ay, W. Africa.Section Bourdotia Dall.Valves very inequilateral, suh(iuadrate, the antei-ior end produced,the anterior dorsal margin concavely arcuate; a single minute cardinalm each valve; laterals obsolete; the excavated external sulci arcuate,not angulate. Type, Lucina Bourdoti Cossmann, 1882, ParisianEocene.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 815Subgenus Lucinella Monterosato, 1883.Shell like iJiniricella, but the ligament obsolete and the resiliumwholl}^ internal, as in Semele. Type, Lucina commntata Philippi,1836, = Telliim dlvarlcata Linnteus, 1758; Mediterranean and westernEurope. LIST OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES.DIVARICELLA QUADRISULCATA d'Orbigny, 1846.Nahant Beach, near Boston, Massachusetts, and southward to theWest Indies, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Caterina, Brazil, in from li) to50 fathoms.This is (from types) Lucina strlgUla Stimpson. 1851, and L. divari-cata of Gould, 1811, and other earl}^ writers. It is also the Lucinaamerlcanaoi C. B. Adams in 1852; the Oyclas dentataoi Verrill, 18T3,and the Lucina commutata Araugo, 1878, not of Philippi, 1836. Avariety transve7\sa Dall, 1901, with the valves disproportionately elon-gate in the direction of the hinge line, has been dredged in 22 fathomsoff Cape Lookout, North Carolina, by the U. S. Fish Commission.This species is distinguishable from the next hj its longer, small andnarrow, somewhat sinuous lunule and fine crenulation of the interiormargins. The adult has no denticulations of the outer margin due tothe external sculpture.DIVARICELLA DENTATA Wood, 1815.Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, south to the West Indies (and,according to d'Orbigny, to Brazil), in 10 to 60 fathoms.It is the Lucina, divaricata of many of the early writers, but not ofLinnffius; but not the Lucina dentata of Defranee, 1823; the Z. ser-nita of d'Orbigny, 1846; the L. chem/)ntzii of Philippi, 1818, and theL. pilula C. B. Adams, 1852 (young shells), are synonymous.It may be known by its very small, deep, cordate lunule at any age,and in the adult it differs from D. quadrisulcata, by its greater size andthe denticulation of the lateral and dorsal margins by the externalsculpture. The large specimens have a tendency to obsolescencenoticeable in the teeth, and the laterals are often quite imperceptible.DIVARICELLA EBURNEA Reeve, 1850.Cape St. Lticas, Lower California, and southward to Panama.It is the Lucina ehurnea of Reeve, 1850, but not of Deshayes, 1835.It may be distinguished from the Antillean D. quadrimdcata d'Orbignyby its shorter, wider, and cordate lunule, and by the well-developedlateral teeth, which are well marked and distinct at all ages. Thesculpture is also usually more arcuate.DIVARICELLA PERPARVULA Dall, 1901.Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, south to (Tuacomayo.This is the Lucina ijisitni of Philippi in April, 1850, but not of
816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiti.Reeve {?serninula Gould, 1861, but not of Deshayes, 1858) in Novem-ber, 1850; nor the L.pisum Sowerby, 1837, nor the L.pisum d'Orbignyof 1841.It is a small, globular species, with rather sparse external sculp-ture, mf)re tumid than the young of D. chnriKa. The specific namehas been used so many times for ditferent species of Lucina^ sen-so lata,that it seems best to substitute a new one to avoid confusion. It hasbeen found, adventitiously, at Monterey, California, by Gabb, withother exotic species.Note.?The Lucina digitalis Krebs, 1864, not Lamarck, 1818,appears to be the Stri(jilhi pisifoi^mixi of Linna?us. The Lucina pul-cheUa C. B. Adams (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 10, 1845, butnot of Agassiz, 1845) was also founded on Strigilla piriformis.
? Family CORBID.^.Genus CORBIS Cuvier.This comprises (Tafrariiiiii{s\).) Bolton, 1798; Cor'his Q\\v\q\\ 1817;Fimhria. Megerle, 1811, but not of Bohadsch {Nudihranchiata) 1761;Idothea Schumacher, 1817, Init not of Fabricius (crustacea) 1793. Thetype and sole recent species is Yen n><jiud>i'iat(i Linnanis, 1758, + Findn'iamagna Megerle, 1811, + Id<>fh<t'a perforata Schumacher, 1817. It is anative of the China seas, from which several varieties have })eendescribed.The generic name of Bolten, meaning a waffle iron, in allusion to thecancellate external sculpture, was applied to an assembly comprisingone species sul)se(]uently made the type of Corhis; five species sub-sequently included in Circe Schumacher; and one peculiar Venus( V. reticulata Linnseus) which will have to retain the name if it beretained at all. We arrive, by the method of elimination, at this result,which, fortunately, is more convenient than to throw out names souniversally accepted as Cr/r'his or Oirce.In the Yoldi Catalog'ue ' Morch lists this species from the Antilles.In the Mazatlan Catalogue Carpenter' describes a minute shell whichhe suspected to be the young* of a species of this genus, but to whichhe ])rudently gave no specific name. Morch's reference is certaiidyerroneous and no confirmation of Carpenter's suspicion has beenreceived, though collections in the Gulf of California have continued tobe made for nearly half a century. The genus is represented in ourearly Tertiaries, but does not appear to have survived into the Miocene.I see no reason for supposing that it forms a member of the recentfauna on either of our coasts.
1 Volume II, 1858, p. 33.n857, p. 101.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?BALL. 817Family CYRENELLIDJ^.The shells of this group, with a Lucinoid animal and Diplodonta-like shell, exhibit a hinge structure which is wholly distinct from anyother of the Lucinacea. They are of brackish or fresh water situsand contined, as far as known, to the borders of the subtropical Atlan-tic and the Tertiaries of the southern United States.Genus CYRENOIDA Joannis.This is Gyrerwida Joannis, June, 1835, Cyrenella Deshayes, Feb.,1836, and Cyrenoldes Sowerb}^, 18-12. Type, G. dupontia Joannis,Senegal.Shell thin, inflated, suborbicular, with a brownish or ^^ellowish peri-ostracum, concentrically feel)ly striated; adductor scars sul)equal,elongate-ovate, the anterior projecting ver}^ little into the area withinthe pallial line, internal margins not crenulate; hinge with a long-external ligament enfolding a smaller resilium; right valve with two,and left with one 1>~~ -shaped cardinal laminte, the ventral one in theright valve shorter and more compressed, the *' hooks" or shorterlimbs of the lamina^ tending to be sulcate or bitid. There are nolaterals. The original type appears to have had a defective hinge, asthe flgure of this part of the shell given by Joannis is erroneous,CYRENOIDA AMERICANA Morelet, 1851.Cuba and Porto Kico, in the deltas of streams.More transverse than the African species and with a more delicatehinge and less prominent um bones. ^CYRENOIDA FLORIDANA Dall, 1896.Brunswick, Georgia, south to the Everglades of Forida, and inwest Florida, north to Charlotte Harbor and A'icinity, in ])raekishmarshes.Smaller and more delicate and less (puidrat(^. than the l*orto Ricospecies.A much larger species occurs in the Pliocene of the Caloosahatchiebeds of Florida, and has been named (1896) CI caloomensis Dall. Itreaches a length of 31 mm.NOTES AND 1JP:SCRIPTI0NS OF NEW SPECIES.THYASIRA BISECTA (Conrad).(Plate XL, lig. 8; plate XLII, tig. 5.)Figures are of a recent specimen with a length of 50 nun., whichwas dredged southeast of Alaska Peninsula in 69 fathoms, nuid, thebottom temperature being -14^^ F. The younger specimens dredged at
^ See Porto Rico Report, pi. vi, tig. 5.Proc. N. M. vol. xxiii 52
f818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL.xxm.the same time show no essential differences except of size. Anotherspecimen from 135 fathoms in Paget Sound measures 74 mm. inextreme kMigth and about 28 mm, in diameter. I have seen some fos-sil specimens which attained even larger dimensions. The shell recallsM(/(j((.rlnus rostra f UK (Pecchioli) in almost every respect, but the distalends of the nvmphs do not project as strongly as in that species.THYASIRA CONIA Dall and Simpson.(Plate XLII, %. 2.)As this came to hand too late to l)e figured in the Porto Rico report,I give a figure of the species here from the largest specimen obtainedin the vicinity of San Juan Harbor, in 310 fathoms, by the U. S. FishCommission. THYASIRA EXCAVATA, new species.(riateXXXlX, %h. 12, 15.)Shell subovate, thin, white, with a pale yellowish periostracum;sculpture of concentric incremental lines, and in each valve threesharp and two or thi'ee obscure radial ridges. Beaks small, su))acute,not prominent, distinctly prosogyrate; lunule and escutcheon welldeveloped, elongate, rather narrow, and emphatically excavated, ibounded by a well-marked carina, which in the case of the escutcheonis high, thin, and sharp, separated from another less acute radial keelby a wide, deep sulcus; on the disk near the middle are two otherradials, evident but obscure, and another a short distance behind thelunular carina. The surface occasionally shows a faint dusting ofmicroscopic granulation, which is usuall}^ abraded. Valves moderatelyconvex, the interior polished, the hinge edentulous, the nymphs slen-der and delicate, the ligament narrow and more or less visible exter-nally, the margin of the valve indented by the external ridges. Lon.20.0, lat. 17.5, diam. 15.0 mm.Dredged by the U. S. Fish Commission in the Gulf of California,between San Marcos Island and Guaymas, in 1,005 fathoms; bottomtemperature, 37*-". 6 F. Also off' Tillamook, on the coast of Oregon, in780 fathoms, mud; bottom temperature, 37''\3 F.This species is markedly characterized by the deeply excavated andsharply bounded escutcheon and lunule, in which respect it is notclosely approached by any other.THYASIRA TOMEANA, new species.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 3.)Shell moderately convex, subovate, concentrically sculptured withinci-cmental lines and covered by a pale straw-colored periostracum.Lunule small, ovate, lanceolate, moderately impressed; escutcheon
I
NO. 1237. ^YXOPSIS OF THE L UCINACEA?DALL. 819long, very narrow, bordered externally by a sharply incised groove;behind this a rather shallow sulcus radiates from the beak, boundedbehind by a rounded radial ridge; ligament thin, delicate, set in a nar-row groove; margins reflecting the external sculpture, beaks narrow,prosogyrate, inconspicuous. Lon. 14.5, lat. 13.0, diam. 9 mm.Several valves came up with mud on the anchor from a depth of tenfathoms in the roadstead of Tome, Chile.THYASIRA MAGELLANICA, new species.(Plate XLII, fig. 6.)Shell small, white, subovate, moderately convex, with rather highand prominent beaks; external surface sculptured with faint incre-mental lines and shallow, ill-defined radial sulci; lunule small, moder-ately impressed, but without any well-dehned bounding ridges; escutch-eon narrow, obscure; just in front of it a shallow sulcus radiates fromthe beaks to the basal posterior margin; hinge edentidous, ligamentfeeble. Alt. 4.T, lat. 3.5, diam. 3.0 mm?A single valve was obtained on the west coast of Patagonia in 194fathoms, nuid, the bottom temperature being 52^ F.This species appears to differ from T. fueglens'is Dall by its moreelevated form, smaller size, and especially by the position of the pos-terior radial sulcus, which, though feel)le as in that species, is situatedmuch closer to the posterior dorsal margin.AXINOPSIS SERICATUS (Carpenter).(Plate XL, tig. 2.)I have figured a typical specimen of Carpenter's shell for comparisonwith the following form, and also because the former has never beenfigured. Both the West American species are more solid shells andhave the cardinals much better developed than the A. orhlcidatux, Sarsof the North Atlantic. The specimen figured is from Puget Sound,where it was dredged by Dr. Kennerly.AXINOPSIS VIRIDIS, new species.(Plate XL, fig. 1.)Shell small, polished, suborbicular, when fresh covered with a glis-tening pale-green periostracimi, some times exhibiting lighter anddarker concentric zones; sculpture solely of fine concentric lines ofgrowth; beaks low, inconspicuous; lunule slightly impressed, but with-out any bounding sulcus or ridge, small, sublanceolate; escutcheonhardly recognizable, very narrow, and inconspicuous. The part of thelunule belonging to the right valve is slightly larger than the other.The ligament is small and very delicate, but not wholly concealed. The
820 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL.xxmisubumbonal tooth of the right valve is prominent and strong, theinflected tooth-like process of the left valve is well developed. Mar-gins of the valves smooth, interior polished, with some obscure radialstriae; muscular and pallial impressions normal. In the animal thehepatic glands project in an arborescent manner from each side of thecomparatively' insigniticant bodymass, the gills are normal and rathersmall. Alt. of shell 6.0, Ion. 6.2, diam. 3.3 mm. The specimen fig-ured is from Iliuliuk, Alaska, in 19 fathoms, mud.Ranges over the North Pacific region from Ik^ring Strait to North-]ern Japan on the west and Catalina Island, California, on the southand east, in 5 to 167 fathoms, muddy or sandy bottom.I have described this shell with some hesitation, as it may prove tobe the normally rotund form of which A. sericata Carpenter is anol)lique and ovate variety, but until this is shown it would seem as ifthe differences are worthy of systematic recognition. The Carpen-terian type measures in alt. -1.5, Ion. 4.0, and diam. 2.6 mm.; thebeaks are higher and more recurved, the periostracum pale yellowishgray and papery.DIPLODONTA (TORELLI Jeffreys, var.?) ALEUTICA, new species.(PlateXLII,fig.3.)Shell large, coarse, chalky, with a papery dehiscent periostracum,usually with the exterior more or less eroded; form somewhat longerthan high, tumid, cquivalve and nearly equilateral, the anterior endof the shell less rotund than the posterior; surface in the adult withrather irregular and marked concentric lines of growth; ligamentexternal, set in a groove, with well-marked nymphs; teeth normal,slender, and delicate, in the adult more or less defective; beaks lowand inconspicuous, slightly nearer the anterior end; interior chalky,the margins entire, the posterior muscular impression larger than theanterior. The .young are proportionall}^ more elongate and lesstumid, with a smooth silky olivaceous periostracum. Lon. of adult,26.5, alt. 22.0, diam. 14.0 mm. ; of young shell (figured), lon. 15, alt. 12,diam. 6 mm. The figured specimen is from 10 fathoms, sandy mud,in Kyska Harbor, Aleutians; the t\'pe from 8 fathoms in the samebody of water.The species ranges from the Pribilof Islands to the Aleutian chainand eastward to the Shumagin Islands. It has not been found in thedredgings north of the Pribilof group.The adult shell looks remarkably like the D. torelli Jeffreys, of theNorth Atlantic and SpitsbergcMi seas. Owing to their usual state oferosion it is difficult to compare adults, but the young of D. toreUihas a coarsely wrinkled, yellowish periostracum and a rougher surfacethan that of aleutica. The ranges of the two are separated by animmense distance, but, whether due to analogous environment or con-genetic origin, the adult shells are nearly indistinguishable.
NO. l-?^~ SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 821
"From D. orhella Gould this species is easily separal)le on accountof the more rotund and inflated shell, the texture of the shell sub-stance and the more adherent periostracum of the former.CODAKIA COLPOICA, new species.(Plate XLI, tig. 4.)This shell resembles the C. orlicularis Linnaus, so much that it haslong been confounded with it and the most appropriate description iscomparative, l^he C. cdpoka when compared with C. <yrbicularis ofsimilar size is flatter, with the radical sulci more muiierous and theinterspatial ridges consequently more numerous, more slender, andmore uniform. In orbieidarh the posterior dorsal area is usually wellmarked by flner and diflerent sculpture from that of the rest of thedisk, and near the dorsal margin the sculpture is frequently subspinoseor niinutely prickly. In eolpoica the sculpture of the dorsal part ofthe shell insensibly merges into that of the disk and if anything israther smoother. There is also a slightly lurid tint in the exteriorwhite of cnlpo'nui, while that of orbicularis is more purely immaculateand snowy, l^he most conspicuous character however is in the lunule.This in colpo'ini is rather long and narrow, in oiUvidarh, short, cordi-form, and more deeply impressed. In both it is confined to the rightvalve. In oiUeulofris the hinge teeth are usually more prominent,stouter, and adjacent to each other than in the Gulf species.The specimen tigured is from the Gulf of California, and has alength of 76, a height of 68, and a diameter of 22 mm.The spec-ies has not, so far, been identifled from any locality southof Acapulco, though a species of which I have seen no specimens andwhich may be the same has been reported from Panama and theGalapagos Islands. 7.7 ?Once segregated, this species is unmistakable, but the orbicularis,being a very wmmon and supposedly widely distributed shell, is oftenmixed with it in lots supposed to be wholly West American. WestIndian shells are often imported in quantity to West Mexican portsfor sale to tourists, and, unless authentically collected by a reliableperson, the localities for shells obtained from dealers are always subjectto a little doubt. CODAKIA CUBANA, new species.(Plate XLII, fig. 4.)Shell small, thin, subcompressed, whitish, Avith an obvious pale oliva-ceous periostracum; surface with a small anterior and larger posteriordorsal area, distinguished by an absence of radial sculpture and thesomewhat more prominent concentric lines of growth; the rest of thedisk with feeble, nearly uniform radial threads, separated by shallow
822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxiii.
nidiiil sulci; ])eak.s nearly eeiitrul, small, recurved: lunule small, nar-row, impressed, confined to one valve, usually the right; escutcheonabsent, ligament iioi'mal hut feeble; teeth normal hut small and deli-cate, the laterals tending to obsolescence; adductor and pallial scarsnormal, the interpallial space with a strong oblique sulcus; interior ofthe disk more or less radially striate; margins crenulate below. Alt.17.5, Ion. 19.0, diam. 7.5 mm.Dredged off the coast of Cul)a in the Gulf of Mexico, in 84 fathoms.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) PORTORICANA, new species.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 6.)Shell small, plump, oblique, inequilateral, white or yellowish; ante-rior end larger, produced downward and forward; ])osterior endshorter and smaller; surface sculptui'ed with numerous radial sulci,separated by wider flattish interspaces crossed by rather regulai-, mod-erately separated, concentric elevated threads, the radials obsolete onthe inconspicuous doi'sal areas; lunule elongated, moderately impressed,escutcheon short, narrow, inconspicuous; beaks high, rather small,apically smooth and polishi^d. prosogyrate; hinge normal, delicate, thelaterals in the right Nahc well developed; ligament fee])le, short; inte-rior more or less striate, radially; basal margin finely crenulate. Alt.G.7, Ion. 7.5, diam. 0.0 mm.The figured specimen, the largest valve ol>tained, is from San -JuanHarbor; smaller ones were dredged in the liarboi- of Ma\'aguez.This inconspicuous little sp(?cies appears to be rare, and comes near-est to Jagoiua coxtnta d'Orbigny. than which it is more finely andevenly sculptured, beside being a more tumid and smaller shell. Inpreparing the Porto Rico report this species was overlooked.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) MEXICANA, new name.(Plate XL, fig. 6.)One of Reeve's figures in the Iconica (fig. 33) appears to representthis species, which is very similar to the West Indian ([. orlnculataMontagu. 1 find, however, on careful examination that in the westcoast shell the lunule is narrower, longer, and less deeply impressedthan in C. ophiculata^ the shell is more delicate, thinner, and moreflattened toward the lower margins, the sculpture is more regular andthe concentric threads less crowded, so that while the difi'erence is notgreat the efiect in C. mexicana is much more elegant; toward the endsit has the radials stouter and with wider interspaces, and with thesculpture on the dorsal areas less distinct from that on the disk thanit is in the West Indian form. It is most commonly labeled Luclnahella Conrad, in collections, and by Carpenter was named L. jjectmata^though it is not the jyectinata of Gmelin or C. B. Adams. A full-grown specimen measures: alt. 21, Ion. 23, diam. 10. nnn.
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. ^23CODAKIA (JAGONIA) GALAPAGANA, new species.(Plate XL, fig. 4.)Shell of moderate size, moderately convex, white or with a yellowishflush, most conspicuous in the interior and frequently with a terru-P-inous ting-e about the posterior dorsal area. It much resembles C.Irbladafa Montagu, of the West Indies, but its most conspicuous fea-ture is its somewhat loose and irregular radial sc-ulpture m which therib. are l^ifurcate or trifurcate distall>', somewhat as in (. eo.faad^Orl^iu-ny. The lunule is nearly evenly divided between the valves, thedorsal areas inconspicuous, and the radials on the posterior area have atendency to become minutely nodulous. The figured specimen is fromIndefatigable Island, and measures: alt. 19, Ion. 19.5; diam. 9.0 mm.Another has the alt. 21, Ion. 23 and diam. 9 mm. It appears to becommon on the shores of the Galapagos Islands, but has not beenfound on the American coast or elsewhere as far as known.CODAKIA (JAGONIA) CHIQUITA, new species.
( Plate XXXIX, fig. 1.)Shell small, suborbicular, flatfish, of a yellowish white color, withthe beaks small, rather elevated and erect but not tumid: sculpture ofrecrular, sublamellose, concentric, rather crowded threads, under whichare numerous tine, often nearly obsolete, radial threads frequentlybifurcate distallv, less prominent on the middle of the disk and absentfrom the dorsal areas; lunule well impressed, subequally dividedbetween the valves, short and sublanceolate; hinge and ligament deli-cate normal, with no visible escutcheon, lateral teeth feeble; interiorpolished, the margins minutely crenulate. Alt. 9.7, Ion. 10.0, diam.4.5 mm. , ^ ., ,, ,,This has only been found at one locality on the west side of thelower end of the peninsula of Lower California, nearly abreast of LaPaz, in 66 fathoms.LUCINA PHENAX Ball and Simpson.(Plate XL, (ig. o.
)
This prettv little species was discovered too late to ])e figured in thePorto Rico report, and I have therefore inserted the illustration of ithere It is of a white color and delicate texture, quite tumid, and somuch resembles a Zori^lmis that it would be immediately taken forone but a careful inspection of the hinge shows that the ligament isexternal and the hinge that of a typical Laclna. The specimen figuredis from San Juan Harb?jr in 5 fathoms and measures: Alt. 8.b. Ion. 10,diam. 3.5 mm.
824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxhi.LORIPES CLAUSUS Philippi.1 have some doubt a.s to the oritiiiiiil liut)it:it of this species, as avessel having West African ballast seems to have been wrecked atBelize, and the Rev. W. A. Stanton collected several dead shells whichappear to have come from this ballast, and it is possible this should beincluded among them. It was originally described with no habitat.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) FILOSUS Stimpson.(Plate XL, fig. 11.)The general confusion which has reigned for some time in regard tothe Lucinoids of the group typified by this species, and of whichLucioia Ijorealh Linna3us is a peripheral form, has led to a ]iuml)er ofmisidentifications ])y the writer, as well as by Cooper, Carpenter, andothers, in the past. The Pacific coast form is so near to filoHu^ thatwhen it was not identified with Z. horealisovthe Miocene fit ultilin eaft/.sthe name given l)v Stimpson to the New England form was almostalwa3^s applied to it. Though there is quite a range of variation inthese species, they can invaria])ly be separated by the characters of thedeep, narrow sulcus in which the ligament lies. In P. f/fjsui^ the s'ldeaof this sulcus rise perpendicularly on each side of the ligament, form-ing a high keel, and the sides of the lunule show this in a less, l)ut stilla noticeable, degree. In P. a?inidatifs, on the other hand, the top ofthe ligament is as high or higher than the sides of the sulcus in whichit lies, and the lunule is similarly shallow. The po.sterior dor.sal marginin JiloKii.s is generally more arcuate, Init this is not an invariable char-acter. In order to illustrate the comparison, figures are given of theinterior of a valve of each. In the figure given in Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus., XIII, 1890, pi. XVII, fig. 5, l)y an error of the draughtsman theanterior adductor scar is incorrectly represented as short. The cor-rect proportion is shown in our present figure.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) ANNULATUS Reeve.(Plate XL, fig. 10.)See remarks under the preceding species. The present figure isfrom a specimen collected at Clayoquot, Vancouver Island, measuringalt. 50, Ion. 58, and diameter 19 miiL It is a curious fact that theMiocene P. eontractiiH Say more closely i-esembles the Pacific coastrecent shell than it does the living species of the adjacent Atlanticcoast. PHACOIDES (CALLUCINA) RADIANS Conrad.(Plate XLII, fig. 8.)Conrad's figure of this species' is very poor, and the identificationdepends upon his specimens rather than his illustration. The same
^Fossils of the Medial Tertiary, 1845, pi. xl.
K0.1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?BALL. 825
specific name had been chosen by Deshayes for a species of Diplodonta.,but as these belong in different families and were long since separated,it does not seem as if the specific name need be changed, as was done byd^Orbigny, who called the French fossil subradians.A better figure than Conrad's was given by Tuomey and Holmes,but this being accessible to few students, I have refigured the speciesfrom a recent specimen, 20 mm. in height, collected at Pensacola,Florida.PHACOIDES (CALLUCINA) BERMUDENSIS, new species.(Plate XXXIX, tig. 5.)Reeve's figure of lenUcula in the Iconica fairly well represents thisspecies, though I can not be certain that the shells are identical, sinceReeve gives no data in regard to the hinge or interior. His name atany rate is preoccupied, and it is probal)ly best to treat our specimensas new.Shell small, discoid, suborbicular, white oi- ])rownish, equilateral;beaks small and low but acute; lunule long and narrow, moderatel}'impressed; escutcheon and dorsal areas absent or obsolete; sculptureof close, fine, sharp, concentric lamelhv with slightly wider concen-trically striated interspaces; there is no radial sculpture; hinge strong,muscular impressions normal, groove for the ligament long, shallow;margins of the shel! without crcnulation. Alt. 16.5, Ion. IT.O, diam.7.0 nmi.This species somewhat resembles P. radianft^ but is entirely destituteof any radial sculpture, and has a proportionately longer and narrowerlunule, less deeply impressed.PHACOIDES (PARVILUCINA) CRENELLA, new species.(Plate XXXIX, fig 2.)The small shells of this type from the Oligocene to the living faunahave been called by the name of ^^Lt/ci/ia rre/iulata Conrad,'' withoutexception, and their differences ascribed to "variability.'' Carefulstudy shows in this, as in other cases, that several distinct speciesshould ])e recognized. The original locality of Conrad's shell is theMiocene of Suffolk, Virginia, where it is found abundantly. With thisas a standard the others have been compared. The living shell hith-erto confounded with it is represented in the fossil state in the Pleis-tocene of North Creek, Florida, and Simmons Bluff', South Carolina,the Pliocene of North and South Carolina, and of the Caloosahatchiebeds, Florida. It does not appear in the Miocene. In the presentfauna it has a wide range. It differs from the true crenulatus as fol-lows: It is thinner, more delicate, with a less heavy hinge, more tumidvalves, and is generally more etjuilateral and the beaks more central.P. crenalatu-i has prominent, almost/ lamellose concentric sculpture,
826 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.xxih.which is frankly lamellar on the ridges of the posterior dorsal area,which are separated by a more marked radial sulcus and have thewhole area relatively wider than in P. crenella; in the interspaces onlyis the radial sculpture of P. crenulatus visible and it is composed ofclose-set threads usually uniform and rather strong; P. creneUa hasthe concentric sculpture of low, very line threads or sulci which donot conceal any part of the radial sculpture, which is feebler, lesscompact, and more inconstant than in the Miocene shell, being fre-quently almost entirely obsolete. The lunule in the two species issimilar, being larger and less impressed in the left than in the rightvalve. The crenulation of the inner margin of the valves is stronger,closer, and more prominent in the Miocene shell, in harmony with thestronger radial sculpture.The specimen tigured is from Palma Sola. Florida, and measures6.5 mm. in height, 0.7 in length, and 4.5 in diameter. The Lucinacrenulata of Searles Wood in the Crag monograph is a species belongingto the same group, but apparently distinct from either of the Ameri-can forms.PHACOIDES (PLEUROLUCINA) UNDATUS Carpenter.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 14.)A figure of this elegant and hitherto unfigured species is now fur-nished. The specimen shown is from the Gulf of California, andmeasures 10 mm. in height, A larger size is common, but our fresh-est and best .specimens are mostly only adolescent.PHACOIDES (BELLUCINA) AMIANTUS, new species.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 10.)This is another case in which allied species have been indiscrimi-nately lumped. Fortunatel}' the name costata, which has been gener-ally used for it, is unavailable, leaving us free to name the componentspecies without regard to the original type of Tuomey and Holmes,which is ditterent from that of Holmes in his Pleistocene volume, bothbeing very inadequately figured. Similar species occur from the Oli-gocene to recent seas and on both east and west coasts of America.Shell small, solid, white, usualh^ subequilateral with strong sculp-ture and hinge; beaks variable, usually rather conspicuous; sculptureof about twelve strong, fiattish, radial ribs, separated by deep, nar-rower, channeled interspaces, less distinct basally in senile specimens;the ribs are crossed by numerous adjacent, flat, strap-like threads,whichin well-developed specimens seem to bridge the interspaces; dorsalareas large and conspicuous; anterior with two broad wave-like radials,sometimes slightly lamellose; posterior with one slender radial, which,with the boundary ril) in front of the ar(>a, is conspicuously nodular;lunule small, deeply impressed, \\\ defined; iiinge and nmscular impres-
NO. 1237. SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 827
sions normal, strong; inner m .rgins finely crenulate. Alt. 7.6, lat. 8.3,diam. 6 mm. Most specimens are one-third smaller. The varieties arechiefly in asymmetry, some specimens having the beaks very posterior,especially in the young; the radial ribs are sometimes bifurcate dis-tally, and the concentric sculpture varies in strength and condensa-tion. The P. rancelhivh Philippi is the Pacific coast analogue.PHACOIDES (HERE) RICHTHOFENI Gabb.(Plate XL, figs. 7, 9.)Views of a young specimen from 15 fathoms, gravel, on the northside of Catalina Island, California, are given. The adults have a muchmore cavernous lunule. The figured specimen measures: alt. 13.0,lat. l-t.S, diam. 7..5 mm.PHACOIDES (CAVILUCINA) LAMPRUS, new species.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 9.)Shell of Dosinioid form, solid, nearly orbicular, slightly convex,sufl'used with yellow or pinlv, strongest on the interior of the shell, orplain white; beaks subcentral small, prosogyrate, with a small, moreor less excavated lunule usually almost confined to the right valve;sculpture chiefly of fine, low, rather sharp, concentric threads withoccasional sulci, due to resting stages, near the margin in senile speci-mens; radial sculpture comprising more or less microscopic striula-tions and a broad shallow flexuosity of the posterior dorsal area, whichis often obsolete; dorsal areas inconspicuous; hinge and muscularimpressions normal, basal margins very minutely crenulate. Alt.23.5, lat. 23.5, diam. 10.5 nun.The figured specimen is from La Paz, Lower California. This specieshas lono- ])een known in Pacific coast collections as Luchia excavataCarpenter, a name preoccupied in the genus, but a camera lucida draw-ing of his type of excavata by Carpenter shows that his type specimenwas a young valve of TIer<^ rklithofenh, afterwards described fromfossil specimens by Gabb. The amount of excavation of the lunulein P. lampruH varies in individuals, and between the two valves. Itseems to be relatively greater in the young, contrary to the rule inrichthofeni The solidity and thickness of the shell are notable.PHACOIDES (CAVILUCINA) LINGUALIS Carpenter.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 7.)This species, I believe, though abundant in the Gulf of California,has never been figured. Therefore I thought it useful to illustrate it.It is the west coast analogue of P. trlsulcatus Conrad. Phacoides {C.)prolongatus Carpenter appears to be distinct, from the specimens Ihave seen, all of which are poor. It is smaller, higher in pr()i)()rtion,and with more prominent beaks.
828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.xxihPHACOIDES (LUCINISCA) NUTTALLII var. CENTRIFUGUS Ball.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 13.)P. nuttallii is one of the most attractive of the West AmericaDspecies. Its elegant reticulate sculpture is usually very evenly dis-tributed. Some specimens from the Gulf of California, however,ha^'e the concentric sculpture near the beaks more elevated and thelamellae more widel}' separated, while the radial sculpture remainsunchanged, thus altering the appearance of the shell very materially,especially in rather young specimens. The concentric ridges at theintersections give out little flat unciform scales or spines, extremelycaducous and alwaj's lost in the adult. The general aspect of thisvariety is so striking that I have thought it would be useful to nameand illustrate it.The figured specimen is from 26 fathoms, sandy nmd. in the Gulf ofCalifornia and measures 7 mm. in length.PHACOIDES (LUCINOMA) HEROICUS, new species.(Plate XLI, fig. 1.)Shell large, moderately convex, chalky white, with a strong oliva-ceous periostracum; beaks small, pointed, recurved, not much elevated;dorsal areas indicated by a more emphatic flexuosity than is usual inthis group; sculpture of concentric, fine wrinkles and distant, con-centric, sharp, elevated lamellae, continuous over the whole shell:ligament long, strong, in a very shallow groove; lunule long, narrow,rather deeply impressed, its periostracum darker than on other partsof the shell; teeth slender, normal, a feeble anterior left lateral is vis-ible; muscular impressions normal, margins not crenulated. Alt. 65,Ion. 71, diam. 27 mm.This very fine abyssal shell is nearest to the P. (jequizonatux Stearns(Plate XLI, figs. 2, 3), which is much smaller and more quadrate.PHACOIDES (PARVILUCINA) TENUISCULPTUS Carpenter.(Plate XL, fig. 5.)This unfigured species is now illustrated from a specimen from thetypical locality, Puget Sound, which has an altitude of 12 mm.This is one of the most abundant shells in Alaskan dredgings fromover a muddy bottom, usually in 10 to 20 fathoms. Its chalky shellis almost invariably more or less abraded.PHACOIDES (PARVILUCINA) APPROXIMATUS, new species.(Plate XXXIX, fig. \.)Shell small, tumid, nearly equilateral, white with a yellowish perios-tracum; beaks high, full, with a rather emphatically depressed lanceo-late luniUe; sculpture of numerous fine, rounded, usually entire ribletsseparated by narrow sulci on the disk, ])ut absent from the dorsalareas; concentric sculpture of low. feeble, distant, elevated lines which
NO. 1237. SY^'OPSLS OF THE L UCINACEA?DALL. 829become feebl}^ lamellose on the dorsal areas; hinge, especially the lat-erals, strong', normal; muscular scars as usual; basal margin conspic-uously crenulate. Alt. 6.5, Ion. 6.3, diam. ^.O mm.The specimen figured is from the Gulf of California, in i!6 fatlicmis,sand.In the region south and east of Lower California this species, whichis the Pacific analogue of T*. crenella Dall, is very uniform, ])ut towardthe northern extreme of its range the radial riblets on the middle ofthe disk tend to become obsolete, and then the concentric sculpture ismore prominent. This variet}^ does not change its size and neverreaches more than one-third the size of the northern tenuismdj)tus^which had doubtless the same genetic origin, judging from the mate-rial 1 have examined. Very conservative persons might prefer toregard the two as extremes of one poljnnorphic species, but so far Ihave not found a series which would completely unite them by gentlegradations.PHACOIDES (BELLUCINA) CANCELLARIS Philipp(Plate XXXIX, fig. 11.)This very elegant but hitherto unfigured little shell is now illustrated.It is the Pacific analogue of 1\ wnviantus Dall of the Atlantic coast.The specimen figured is from the Pacific coast of Lower California nearthe southern end of the peninsula, in 26 fathoms, sand, and measures5.3 mm. in length. It is a shorter shell with fewer ribs than P.amiantwi^ and the nodules on the radials of the posterior dorsal areaare longer and more conspicuous.DIVARICELLA PERPARVULA, new name.(Plate XXXIX, fig. 8.)This species being unfigured an illustration of it was thought desir-able. The specimen figured is from Acapulco and measures V mm. inlength. CYRENOIDA FLORIDANA Dall.(Plate XLII, %. 7.)This species, hitherto unfigured, is now illustrated. The specimenshown is from a salt pond at Boca Ciega Bay, Florida, and measures 14mm. in length. The average specimens, however, are fully one-halfsmaller, and are chiefl}" found buried in mossy vegetation in brackishmarshes. PHACOIDES (PSEUDOMILTHA.?) MEGAMERIS Dall(Plate XLII, fig. 1.)Lncina {PseudomiUhaf) mfgameris Dail, Nautilus, XV, 1901.As this paper is composed of materials toward a monograph ofAmerican Lucinacea, it was thought that its interest might be added toby iiTcluding a figure of the largest Lucinoid known, a hitherto unfig-ured species, represented b}' internal casts in the Oligoceue of Claire-mont, St. Anns, Jamaica, West Indies.
830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSFAJM. vol.xxiii.This remarkable fossil, represented by a number of specimens inthe U. S. National Museum {Reg. No. 147592), weighs, without anyextraneous matter, T pounds, and the measurements are: height, 230mm. ; length 235 mm. ; diameter, 67 mm.The largest species hitherto recorded is the Lueina {Pseudmniltha)giganied Deshayes, from the Parisian Eocene, and that hardl^^ exceeds80 mm. in its maximum height.If we except the Tridacnacea and a few Mytilacea, Phcicoides mega-meris is one of the largest pelecjq^ods known.Suppl&mentary note.?Some curious ab5^ssal Pelecypods from thesouth Atlantic and the Philippines were described by E. A. Smith, inthe Challenger Report, under the names of Cryiytodon moseleyi andC. luzonicus. The valves are almost perfectly plain and the hingeedentulous. According to Pelseneer, the anatomy presents the fol-lowing features: There is a single anal orifice, without valvular orsiphonal prolongation; the foot is hatchet-shaped, compressed, tuidshort, with a conspicuous byssal sulcus; the form and arrangement ofthe adductors recalls Leptoii rather than Luc'nui or Thyasiraj the gillshave on each side a single direct and reflected lamina, as in Imcma,' thehepatic and visceral glands are contained within the mass of the body;the anal and peripedal chambers are separated by the union of thegills posteriorly; the anterior edges of the mantle are thickened andspecialized for some?not evident?fimction; the palps are much as inDlplodonta.These two species are obviously not referable to Thyasira^ and thesimplicity of the shell, which recalls Axmulus^ gives no clue even tothe family to which they should be referred. On the anatomical evi-dence, I propose for them the generic name of Vatlcinarla.From Tliyasira and its near allies, ^^atictnariii difl^ers by its lut'inoidgills and the absence of hepatic digitations, as well as b^^ the special-ization of the anterior mantle margin.From the Diplodontid(v (otherwise Ungidin'tdtp) it differs by itslucinoid gills, single siphonal orilice, flattened foot, and edentuloushinge. There is no evidence of any relations with the Corbida' orCyrefielUdce. By this elimination we are obliged to refer the genusto the Lucinida\ of which it is perhaps a degenerate member. It mayhave lost (as many forms have) much of its character b}^ long residencein the abyssal region. It is least unlikt^ such a group as Jagonia, andat any rate can not I)e referred witli propriety to either the Thytmrldceor DljplodontidcB.
SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 831REFERENCES TO GENERA AND THEIR SUBDIVISIONS.
Antilla . .
.
Antillia . .AnodontiaAxinaAxinodon.
Page.797797801784784Axinopsis 785Axinulus 784Axiniis 784Bellucina 806Bequania 784Bourdotia 814Callucina 806Cavilucina 805Clausina 784Clotho - 797Codakia 797Codokia 797Conchocele 784Corbis 816Cryptodon 784Ctena 797Ctenia 797Cyclas 814Cyracha'a 804C'yrenella 817Cyrenoida 817Cyrenoide8 817Dentihu'ina - 805Divaricella 814Diplodonta 792Egraca 814Epilucina 806Eulopia 804Felania 792Felaniella _ 792Fimbria 816Gafrarium 816Here 805Idothea 816Jagonia 798Joanni.siella 792Lenticularia 797
Page.Lentillaria 797Leptaxinus 785Ligula 803Linga 805Lintellaria 797Loripes 803Loripinus 802Lucina 801Lucinella 815Lucinida 803Lucinidea 803Lucinisca 805Lncinoma 806Ludovicia 785Megaxinus 784Miltha 806Milthea 806Myrta>a 804Mysia 793Orbicula 797Orbieulus 797Ortygia 804Paracyclas 807Parvilucina . . , 806Phacoides 805Philis 784Phlyctiderma 792Pleurolnoina 805Pompholigina 814Prolucina 807Pseudoniiltha 806Ptychina 784Schizothserus _ .
.
784Sphjfirella 792Sphyeriola 791Strigilla 816Taras 791Thyasira ^ 784Thyatira 784Triodonta 805Ungulina 792Vaticinaria 830
832 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vouxxm.EXLANATION OF THE PLATES.Plate XXXIX.Fk;. I. ' 'odakid {J(Hjonki) chiquUa Dall; Lower California; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 96563;Ion. 10.2 mm.; p. 82.3.2. I h(icoi<lei< {Pa)'i'ilucina)cre)tell<i.l)ii\\; Florida; U. S. Nat. Muh. No. 60948; alt.6.5 mm.; p. 825.3. Thyasira tomeana Ball; Chile; V. H. Nat. Mw. No. 108907; alt. 14.7 mm.;p. 818.4. FhacoidcH {I'arvllihcina) upproximatiiK Dall; Ciulf of California; U. S. Nat.Mus. No. 96418; alt. 6.5 mm.; p. 828.5. Phacoides {Callucina) bermudenm DaW; Bermuda; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 41339;Ion. 15.5 mm.; p. 825.6. ('odak'xt (Jagoniaf) portorlcaiid Dall; Porto Kico; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 108959;Ion. 7.25 mm.; p. 822.7. Phacoides {Carilucina) Ihigualis Carpenter; (4ulf of California; U. S. Nat.Mus. No. 73687; alt. 12.5 mm.; p. 827.8. Divaricella perparvuhi DaU; At-apulco, Mexico; V. S. Nat. Mus. No. 120699;lat. 7.0 mm.; p. 829.9. Phacoides {Cuvilucina) lampnis D-dU; (iulf of California; U.S. Nat. Mus. No.41626; Ion. 17.5 mm.; p. 827.10. I'liacoides {Bellucina) amiantus Dall; Yucatan Strait; XT. S. Nat. Mus. No.64276; alt. 7.6 mm.; p. 826.11. Phacoide.f {Bellucina) cancellaris Fh[\ip\n; Lower California; U. S. Nat. Mus.No. 96440; Ion.- 5.3 mm.; p. 829.12. Thyasira excarata'DaM; Gulf of California; V. S. Nat. Mus. No. 107449; alt.21 mm. ; p. 818.13. Phacoides (Lucinisca) nuUallii Conrad, var. (nitrifucjus Dall, young; Gulf ofCalifornia; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 108881; Ion. 7.0 mm.; p. 828.14. Phacoides {Pleurolucina) undatas Carpenter; Gulf of California; IT. S. Nat.Mus. No. 73685; alt. 10 mm.; p. 826.15. Thyasira excavata Dall; interior of valve represented by fig. 12, supra.Plate XL.
Fk;. 1. A.iinopsis viridis BaW; Unalaska; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 108925; Ion. 6.2 mm.p. 819.2. ^ixinopsi.'< .^ericatus Carpenter; type specimen for comparison with fig. 1;Puget Sound; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 5249; Ion. 4.0 mm.; p. 819.3. Lucina. pliemtx DaW and Simpson; Porto Rico; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 103951;alt. 9.0 mm.; p. 823.4. Codakia {.lagonia) (jalapagana Dall; Galapagos Islands; U. S. Nat. IMiis. No.102454; Ion. 23 mm.; p. 823.5. Phacoides {Pariilucina) tenuisculpius Carpenter; Puget Sound; U. S. Nat.Mus. No. 108827; alt. 12 mm.; p. 828.(). Codakia (Jagonia) mexicana Dall; Gulf of California; U. S. Nat. INIus. No.101783; Ion. 23 mm.; p. 822.7. Phacoides [Here) richthofeni Gabb; young shell from Catalina Island, Cali-fornia; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 108828; Ion. 14.5 mm.; p. 827.8. Thyasira Imccta Conrad (sp. ), viewe<l from above; .southeastern Alaska; U. S.Nat. Mus. No. 122556; Ion. 50 mm.; p. 817.9. Phacoides (Here) nchthofeni Galib, interior of the valve represented by fig. 7,showing excavation of lunule and muscular impressions.
SYNOPSIS OF THE LUCINACEA?DALL. 833NO.liW.
F^;; iTTw^^M^^wc^^ Vann.nverlslun.l: interi..r <.f slu'll;U S Nat. Mus. No. 150971; Ion. 58 nun.; p. 824.11. PMcoido^ {Lucinoma) Jilas n., mmi^son; off Newport, Rho,!.- IsUiu.l; liguiv.lfor fomparii^on with the precedmg; Ion. 49 mm.; p. 8L>4.Plate XLI.-
Fi.;. I. I'harnhlrx {Ludnoiuu) hcrulcu, Dall; wenteru IMexieo; C S. Nat. Mus. N(>.10S818; Ion. 71 nun.; p. 828.
?'-S l'h<in,i,hs (Lurinoma) ivqidzonalus Stearns; Santa Barbara Channel, ( ah-fornia; interior and exterior of shell; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 104044; Ion. 45mm. ; p. 813.4. Cudakia rolpniva Dall; Gulf of California; U. S. Nat. Mns. No. 102435; l..n.76 nun.; p. 821. ri.VTE XLll.
Fi( 1 rhanA<lrs {P.eud<>>niltha/) nuv<wu'ns \)M, i^^^ internal rast fn.m Clairemunt,St. Ann's, Jamaica, West Indies, Olig-n-ene Tertiary limestone; U. S. ^at.Mus No 147592; max. length 235.0 nun.; p. 829.2. nyaslm rooia Dall and Simpson, Turto Kieo; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. l(.s<.49;alt. 5.5 mm.; p. 818.S IHplodaida {tnrdli. Jeffreys, var.?) alnUira Dall, young shell; Kyska Islaud,Aleutians; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 108845; Ion. 15.:; mm.; p. 820.4. Codakia rahana Dall, off Cuban coast in the (iulf of Mexico; V. S. Nat. Mus.No 64279; Ion. 18.5 nun.; p. 821.5. Thi,,mra hmcta Conrad (sp.), Alaska; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 12255.5; Ion. oOmm. ; p. 817. ^ ? ^H. Thyasira mageUanica Dall, western Patagonia; U. S. Nat. !\tus. No. 12274o;alt. 4.7 mm.; p. 819.7. (yrenoidafloridanaJ)-M, Florida; U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 60973; Ion. J 4.0 umi.;p. 829. ^S. Fhacoides {Calludna) radi^tus Conrad, Pensacola, Florida; I. S. Nat. Mus.No. 126914; alt. 20.0 nun.; p. 824.Proc. N. M. vol. xxiii 53

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIII PL. XXXIX
1114
LUCINAGEA OF NORTH AMERICA.For explanation of plate see page 831.
I
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXlll PL. XL
LUCINACEA OF NORTH AMERICA.For explanation of plate see pages 831, 832.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIII PL. XLI
LUCINACEA OF NORTH AMERICA.For explanation of plate see page 832.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIII PL. XLII
LUCINACEA OF NORTH AMERICA.For explanation of plate see page 832.