lli^v\VV^\\, \\ ^%k^^^^^^\N SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONUNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBulletin 172 BIRDS FROiM SIAM AND THE MALAYPENINSULA IN THE UNITED STATES NATIONALMUSEUM COLLECTED BYDRS. HUGH M. SMITH AND WILLIAM L. ABBOTT BYJ. H. RILEY UNITED STATESGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON : 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. - - - - - Price 75 cents (Paper cover) ADVERTISEMENTThe scientific publications of the National Museum include twoseries, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletin.The Proceedings series, begun in 1878, is intended primarily as amedium for the publication of original papers, based on the collec-tions of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired factsin biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new formsand revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphletform, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organi-zations and to specialists and others interested in the different sub-jects. The dates at which these separate papers are published arerecorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes.The series of Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, con-tains separate publications comprising monographs of large zoologi-cal groups and other general systematic treatises (occasionally in sev-eral volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, catalogs of typespecimens and special collections, and other material of similar natureThe majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size hasbeen adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regardedas indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under theheading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, inoctavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, whichcontain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.The present work forms No. 172 of the Bulletin series.Alexander Wetmore,Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.Washington, D. C, October 18, 1938.n CONTENTS PageIntroduction 1Localities in Siam and adjoining parts of French Laos, Cambodia, andBurma where natural-history collections were made by Dr. Hugh M.Smith, 1923-1934 5Dr. W. L. Abbott's itinerary in Siam 12Zoogeography of the region 16Previous ornithological work 17Systematic list of birds 20Colymbidae : Grebes 20Pelecanidae : Pelicans 20Sulidae: Boobies, gannets 21Phalacrocoracidae : Cormorants 22Anhingidae : Snakebirds 23Ardeidae: Herons, bitterns 23Ciconiidae: Storks, jabirus 35Plegadidae: Ibises and spoonbills 37Anatidae: Geese, ducks, swans 39Accipitridae: Hawks, Old World vultures, harriers, ospreys 42Falconidae: Falcons, caracaras 57Phasianidae : Quails, pheasants, peacocks 60Turnicidae: Hemipodes 74Gruidae : Cranes 76Rallidae: Rails, coots, gallinules 76Heliornithidae : Sun-grebes 82Jacanidae : Jacanas 83Rostratulidae : Painted-snipe 84Charadriidae: Plovers, turnstones, surfbirds 84Scolopacidae: Snipes, woodcocks, sandpipers 89Recurvirostridae: Stilts, avocets 96Burhinidae: Thick-knees 97Glareolidae: Coursers, pratincoles 97Laridae : Gulls, terns 99Columbidae: Pigeons, doves 102Psittacidae: Parrots, macaws 118Cuculidae : Cuckoos 123Tytonidae: Barn owls 142Strigidae: Typical owls 144Podargidae : Frogmouths 153Caprimulgidae: Goatsuckers 154Hemiprocnidae: Crested swifts 157Micropodidae : Swifts 158Trogonidae : Trogons 1G3Alcedinidae : Kingfishers 169Meropidae : Bee-eaters 180Coraciidae : Rollers 186Upupidae : Hoopoes 189Bucerotidae : Hornbills 190Capitonidae : Barbets 197Picidae: Woodpeckers, piculets 210in IV BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSystematic list of birds?Continued. PageEurylaimidae : Broadbills 246Pittidae: Pittas 255Alaudidae : Larks 262Hirundinidae : Swallows 263Campephagidae : Cuckoo-shrikes 267Dicruridae : Drongos 278Oriolidae : Orioles 294Irenidae: Fairy bluebirds 300Corvidae : Crows, magpies, jays 302Paradoxoruithidae: Parrotbills, suthoras 310Paridae : Titmice 311Sittidae : Nuthatches 313Certhiidae : Creepers ' 316Timaliidae: Babbling thrushes.- 317Pycnonotidae : Bulbuls 364Troglodytidae : Wrens 398Turdidae: Thrushes 398Sylviidae: Old World warblers 421Muscicapidae: Old World flycatchers 444Motacillidae: Wagtails, pipits 470Artamidae : Wood-swallows 478Laniidae : Shrikes 478Prionopidae : Wood-shrikes 481Sturnidae : Starlings 486Nectariniidae : Sunbirds 496Chalcopariidae : Rubycheeks 511Dicaeidae: Flowerpeckers 513Zosteropidae: White-eyes 522Ploceidae : Weaverbirds 524Fringillidae: Sparrows, finches, etc 533Index 537 BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULAIN THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCOLLECTED BY DRS. HUGH M. SMITH ANDWILLIAM L. ABBOTT. By J. H. RileyINTRODUCTIONThis catalog of birds is founded upon large collections made by Dr.Hugh M. Smith in Siam, covering almost the entire country fromPatani in Peninsular Siam to Chiengdao in the north, and the collec-tions of the late Dr. W. L. Abbott, made in Trang, the Malay States,and some of the islands off the coast of western Peninsular Siam.Dr. Hugh M. Smith went to Siam in 1923 as adviser and expert infisheries to his Siamese Majesty's Government, to investigate anddevelop the fish resources of the country. In addition to his officialduties, he immediately began collecting material in other branches ofnatural history in his spare time and forwarding the results to theUnited States National Museum.Dr. Smith collected in eastern and southeastern Siam early in 1924and visited Koh Chang, a large mountainous island lying about 10miles off the coast of the southeastern part of the country. Not manybirds were collected on this visit, however. In May he visitedBangnara, Patani, and later in the year returned to southeastern Siam.He collected there and around Bangkok for the remainder of the yearand early the following year.On January 1, 1926, Dr. Smith went to Koh Chang again, thenexplored the adjacent country and the Korat Plateau, revisitedBangnara and Patani, and made collections in Nakon Sritamarat andKoh Tao, off Bandon. In addition, he made collections around Bang-kok.Dr. Smith was still on Koh Tao early in 1927 and then collectedon the mainland for a few days, returning to Bangkok. From therehe went to eastern and southeastern Siam and was back in Bangkoklate in March.Early in April 1928 he collected in Kanburi, then in southeasternSiam early in May, in Pran, southwestern Siam, late in May and early1 2 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATION/VL MUSEUMin June, and in Nakon Sritamarat early in July, where he visited KaoLuang, the highest mountain in the vicinity. He returned to Kanburiearly in September, then went to Koh Tao once more; visited KaoSeming and Krat early in October and reached Lampang, northernSiam, by the middle of November; went to the Khun Tan Mountainsa few days later, collecting at 3,000-4,500 feet; then visited Chiengmaitoward the last of the month. From Chiengmai he went, on Decem-ber 1, to Chomtong and to Doi Angka (or Intanon), the highestmountain in Siam, which rises to 8,500 feet. He remained thereuntil December 9 and then returned to Cliiengmai and on the 14thand 15th ascended Doi Sutep, the mountain back of the city, 5,600feet high. By December 22 he was again in Bangkok.In mid-February 1929, Dr. Smith began collectmg on the KoratPlateau, visited Vientiane, Laos, and went down the Mekong to BanNakae. He collected in eastern Siam until the middle of April, fromthere going to Koh Kut on May 20 for a few days. A short time wasspent at Chantabun. He w^as in Singora and at the Tale Sap fromJune 29 to July 12, and at Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam, by July 29,where he remained until August 14. Collecting was begun at Sichol,Bandon, on August 28 and continued until September 5. He visitedKanburi, September 19 to 26; Khun Tan, October 16 to 28; Pak Chong,eastern Siam, November 16 to December 9; Krat, southeastern Siam,December 20, 1929, to January 1, 1930, where collecting was done onKao Bantad, Kao Kuap, and Kao Seming.Dr. Smith reached Kao Sabap, Chantabun, an isolated peak a littleover 3,000 feet high, on January 5, 1930, and collected there until the9th. He continued to collect in southeastern Siam until about themiddle of March, proceeding thence to Prae, northern Siam, where hearrived on April 10. He reached Nan on April 16, returned to Prae onApril 26, and to Bangkok on May 5. He then revisited Sichol,Bandon, on May 15 and remained until the 28th. Three birds werecollected at Koh Sichang, July 3-5. Dr. Smith was also at the follow-ing places: July 10-23, at Aran, eastern Siam; August 23-September10, at Khun Tan; and October 1-10, at Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat.He visited Doi Nangka, a mountain mass north of Chiengmai, about5,000 feet high, November 2-22, then went to Kao Lem and ThaChang, eastern Siam, December 25, 1930, to January 2, 1931. ThaChang and Kao Lem are in a wild and rugged mountainous regionnortheast of Bangkok.Dr. Smith then went to Patani, Peninsular Siam, where he collectedat Bukit, January 23-25, and at Yala, January 30-February 2. Afterreturning again to Bangkolc, he went to Pran on April 1 and remainedthere until April 4, revisiting Doi Nangka, a wild mountain regionnortheast of Chiengmai, April 22 to May 6. Some time was spentfrom June 26 to 30 at Lem Sing and Kao Sabap, mountains in south- BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 3 eastern Siam, and at Koh Pangan (also written Pennan) and KohSamui, off Bandon, July 22 to August 7. From August 31 to Sep-tember 2, Dr. Smith was at Koh Samet, a forest-clad hilly island nearthe mainland in southeastern Siam.He collected at Tha Lo, Bandon, in the upper valley of the TapiRiver, from September 13 to 30, going then to Nong Yang, Sriracha.Collecting was done at various localities in southeastern Siam untilNovember 16, and at Hin Lap, eastern Siam, from December 6 to 12.In 1932 Dr. Smith collected at Chiengdao, northern Siam, onJanuary 28, and remained there until February 1, spent February 3on Doi Sutep, then moved to Mekhan on the 6th and remained thereuntil the 9th, collected in the Khun Tan Mountains, February 13 toMarch 4, and visited Bung Borapet, a large swamp in central Siam,June 19 to July 1; then went to Sriracha and vicinity, July 22 toAugust 9; Hin Lap, September 28 to October 3; Gengkoi, October 16;the Pasak Valley, October 18 to 23. The Pasak Pdver is a long andtortuous stream marking the boundary between Central Siam andthe eastern plateau. Stretching eastward from the river is a vastprimeval-forest jungle abounding in big game.In the last months of the year collections were made at the SamRoi Yot (Three Hundred Peaks), in southwestern Siam, and in themountain-forest jungle of the northwestern corner of Siam.At the beginning of 1933, work was continued in the northwest, andan expedition started from Chiengmai, headed northwesterly, crosseda dozen mountain ranges, and reached the remote town of Mehongsornon the Pai River, a tributary of the Salwin. The party then de-scended the Salwin in dug-out canoes, camping at night on sandbanks,either on the Burmese or Siamese side of the river, until Moulmein,Burma, was reached on February 3, 1933. Much of the region trav-ersed was primeval-forest jungle, abounding in big game.Bung Borapet, a vast swampy area, was revisited from March21 to 30. The swamp has been dammed and converted into a perma-nent lake, where immense numbers of fish-eating and marsh-inhabitingbirds occur together with kites, hawks, and vultures.Dr. Smith collected at Muek Lek, eastern Siam, April 16-28; inthe Khun Tan Mountains, May 9-18; and at Koh Lak, southwesternSiam, June 5-25. He visited Kao Chong, Trang, Peninsular Siam,August 23 to September 13. Trang is the province in which Dr.W. L. Abbott had collected more than 30 years previously. He againwent to Kao Sabap in southeastern Siam, October 23-November 26.According to Dr. Smith, Kao Sabap is covered with evergreen forestand is largely in a primeval condition. Returning to Trang, Dr.Smith collected on Kao Soi Dao, December 20, 1933, to January 29,1934. 4 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMHe went to Petchabun in central Siam on February 14 and Lomsakon the 16th, and collected at Kao Pae Pan Nam on the 18th and 19th,Vichienburi on the 27th, and Ban Nam Phu on the 28th.Dr. Smith collected at the following places from Alarch 12 throughSeptember 7: Wang Kien, Kanburi, March 12-17; Bangkok, March29-April 5; at Sriracha, April 19-20; Bangkok, April 27-May 14;Lamton Lang, Pak Chong, May 25-June 2; Chantuk, June 7-17;Pak Chong, June 20-26 ; on Doi Phra Chao or Meru Sawan, August1-7; and on Doi Hua Mot, August 12 to September 7, 1934. Thesetwo mountains belong to the same mountain mass as Doi Nangka,and the last mentioned reaches a height of 6,000 feet.Dr. Smith's collecting in Siam came to an end at this point, andhe returned to the United States. While on duty in Siam, he coveredall the territory fairly well from Patani in southern Peninsular Siamto the northern boundary, and the eastern, southeastern, and south-western parts of the country. Many locaUties were visited more thanonce; some several times. Dr. Smith's residence was in Bangkok,and many birds were taken in the vicinity in the intervals betweenfield trips.During his residence in the country, Dr. Smith forwarded to theUnited States National Museum a total of 6,459 bird skins, 96 birdskeletons, and 43 birds' eggs, besides large collections in other branchesof natural history. This is a remarkable record when one considersthat his primary object was to investigate the fish resources of thecountry.The foUovidng new forms of birds were described by me from Dr.Smith's collection:Arborophila diversa.Cirropicus chlorolophus conjundus.Psarisomus dalhousiae cyanicauda.Garrulax ferrarius.Pellorneum smithi.Corythocichla brevicaudata cognata.Sibia picaoides cana (Heterophasia picaoides cana) . Alcippc nipalensis eremiia.Ixos canescens.Heteroxenicus nangka (Brachypteryx leucophris nangka).Myophonus temminckii changensis {Myophonus crassirostris) . Niltava smithi {Niltava vivida oatesi).Niliava grandis nobilis.Hypolhymis azurea monlana {Hypolhymis azurea styani).Rhipidura albicollis celsa {Rhipidura albicoUis albicollis).Terpsiphone sababensis.Aethopyga nipalensis angkanensis.Dicaeum umbratile {Dicaeum beccarii cambodianum) . Piprisoma modesta pallescens.Zosterops palpebrosa vicinia (Zosterops palbebrosa cacharensis) . BIRDS FROM SIAJM AND THE MALAY PENINSULALOCALITIES IN SIAM AND ADJOINING PARTS OF FRENCH LAOS,CAMBODIA, AND BURMA WHERE NATURAL-HISTORY COLLEC-TIONS WERE MADE BY DR. HUGH M. SMITH, 1923-1934Since there are no good modern maps of Siam known to me, andsince many of Dr. Smith's locahties would not appear in any case, Igive a list of collecting localities, prepared by Dr. Smith.ABBREVIATIONS ? C= Central Siam.N?= North Siam.E= East Siam.W-^West Siam. NW= Northwest Siam.SE= Southeast Siam.P= Peninsular Siam.GEOGRAPHICAL DEFINITIONSAo: Bay,Ban: Village.Bang: Village.Bung: Marsh.Buri: Town.Chieng: City or town (Lao).Dot: Mountain (Lao).Hin: Rock or stone.Huey (or Hui): Creek or brook (oftendry).Kao: Mountain (Siamese).Klong: Canal or stream.Koh (or Kaw) : Island.Kwan: Lake (Lao).Kwe (or Gwe): Fork (of a river). Lem: Point or cape.Me: Ptiver or stream.Menam: Large river, principal river ofa district.Muang: an administrative district ortown.Nakon: Town or city (written alsoNakawn, Angkor, Lacon, or Lakon).Noi: Small.Pak: Mouth (of a river).Paknam: River mouth.Pang: Village.Tha: Crossing.Wieng (or Vieng): City.Yai: Large.LOCALITIESAmphar Klong: A stream near Kao Sabap; SE.Angtong: Village on the Menam Chao Phya north of Ayuthia; C.Aran (written also Aran Pratet, Aranya Pradesha, Aranya, etc.): Village andrailway station near Cambodian border; E.Ayuthia (written also Ayudya, Ayudhya, Ayutaya, etc.): Ancient city on MenamChao Phya about 40 miles north of Bangkok; C.Ban Bua Chum: Village on the Pasak River; C.Ban Chai Montri: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Chan: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Chumporn (or Pen Pisai): Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Den (or Ban Den Ja) : Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Foe Hilom: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Haad Hai: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Han: Village near Udon; E.Ban Hin Ngom: Village on the Mekong near Nong Kai; E.Ban Hoa Kam (also written Ban Ho Kam): Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Hoi Tah: Village west of Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Huey Ok: Village on the Mepai; Burma.Ban Huey Ta: Village (700 feet) at base of Kao Luang, west of Nakon Sritamarat;P. * See description of the zoogeographlcal divisions of Siam, p. 16. 6 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBan Kam Pran: Village on the Pasak River; C.Ban Kang: Village on lower slope of Doi Angka; N.Ban Keng Sadok: Village on the Mekong; French Laos.Ban Kiriwong: Village near head of Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Kg Tan: Village on the Mekong, in Nakon Panoin; E.Ban Leni Ngao: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Manoa Wan: Village on the Pasak River; C.Ban Mekok: Village on the Pasak River; C.Ban Mekong: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Melao: Village (725 m) on the Melao, northwest of Chiengmai; N.Ban Mor: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Na Luang: Village on the Mekong; French Laos.Ban Nakae (or Nake): Village on the Mekong near Nakon Panom; E.Ban Nam Kien: Village near Nan; N.Ban Nam Phu: Village between Tapan Hin and Pasak River; C.Ban Nong Dsrn Ta: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Nong Keng: Village; E.Ban Ong: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Ban Pan: Village on the Sikuk River; C.Ban Pang: Village on the Menam Chao Phya; C.Ban Peng Sao: Village west of Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Phradieng (also written Padieng): Village northwest of Chiengmai; N.Ban Pong: Village on the Mekong north of Rajaburi; C.Ban Prakieng: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Sadet: Village between Sriracha and Hupbon; SE.Ban Sob Pa: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Ban Sok: Village on Klong Sok, Tapi River; P.Ban Ta Pai: Village northwest of Chiengmai; N.Ban Ta Pla: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Ta Yai: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Tadi: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Taeng: Village near Korat; E.Ban Tai: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Takaw: Village on the Pasak; C.Ban Taoten: Village on the Mekong near Nakon Panom; E.Ban Tarn Dam: Village near Sriracha; SE.Ban Tawai Phra: Village on the Pasak River; C.Ban Tha Yai: Village west of Nakon Sritamarat; P.Ban Ton: Village on the Mekong; E.Ban Timg Kwa Tao: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Ban Un Pai: Village on the Mepai; Burma.Ban Wang Paen: Village on the upper Meyom, northeast of Lampang; N,Ban Yan Sue: Village on Klong Tadi, Nakon Sritamarat; P.Bandon (called also Surat and Surashta Dhani): Large town on the BandonRiver; P.Bang Than: Village near Bangkok; C.Bang Torani: Village north of Bangkok on the Menam Chao Phya; C.Bangbert: Bay and community on Gulf of Siam, north of Chumporn; P.Banghia: River and village east of Bangkok; C.Bangkok (called also Krungdeb or Kjungtep): Capital of Siam, on the MenamChao Phya; C.Bangnara (known also as Naratiwat or Naradhivas): Village on the China Seasouth of Patani; P.Bangpakong: Large river (and village near its mouth), east of Bangkok; C. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 7Bangplasoi (called also Cholbiiri, Chonburl, and Jolburi): Town at northeastcorner of Gulf of Siam; C.Bangsai: Village on the Menam Chao Phya; C.Bangsorn: Suburb of Bangkok on the Menam Chao Phya; C,Bangsuk: Village near Pak Chong; E.Bawka (or Bohka): Fishing village on west side of Gulf of Siam near Chum-porn; P.Bo Ploi: Village north of Kanburi; C.Bua Sum: Village on the Pasak River; C.Bua Yai: Village north of Korat; E.Bukit: Village in Patani; P.Bung Borapet: Large swamp-lake near Paknampo; C.Bung Tabgrit: Swamp near Bung Borapet; C.Chaibadan: Town on the Pasak River; C.Chainad (written also Chainat and Jainad): Town on the Menam Chao Phyanorth of Ayuthia; C.Chaiya: Village on the west side of the Gulf of Siam north of Bandon; P.Chantabun (written also Chantaboon and Chantaburi): Town; SE.Chantuk: Near Pak Chong; E.Chiengdao: Village on the Meping near base of Doi Chiengdao; N.Chiengmai: City on the Meping; N.Chiengrai: Town on tributary of the Mekong; N.Chomtong (written also Chawmtawng): Town on the Meping southwest ofChiengmai; N.Chonburi (or Cholburi) : (See Bangplasoi.)Chong Yam: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Chumporn (written also Chumpon, Chumpawn, Jumbara, etc.): Large town onwest side of Gulf of Siam; P.Darn Khun Thod: Village west of Korat; E.Doi Angka (called also Doi Intanon): Highest mountain in Siam (8,600 feet)southwest of Chiengmai; N.Doi Bata (or Pata): Mountain near Pal: N.Doi Buak Hua Chang: Mountain northwest of Chiengmai; N.Doi Chiengdao: Second highest mountain in Siam (7,169 feet), north of Chieng-mai; N.Doi Hua Mot: Part of the same mountain mass as Doi Nangka; N.Doi Intanon: (See Doi Angka.)Doi Kao Lip: Mountain (1,600 m), near Salwin River; Burma.Doi Kiew Koh Ma: Mountain (1,400 m) northwest of Chiengmai; N.Doi Kinchong: Mountain of the Melang Valley; N.Doi Mana: Mountain (1,450 m) west of Pai; N.Doi Nangka: Mountainous area northeast of Chiengmai; N.Doi Pang Wua Jao: Mountain near the Salwin River; Burma.Doi Phra Chao or Meru Sawan: Part of the same mountain mass as DoiNangka; N.Doi Sutep (or Suteb): Isolated mountain (5,600 feet) west of Chiengmai; N.Doi Tin Pata: Mountain near Pai; N.Qengkoi: Village and railway station on the Pasak River; C.Haad Yai: Village and railway junction; P.Hang Nor Wu: Village on the Salwin River; N.Hang Turn Kai: Village on the Salwin River; N.Hangkraben: Branch of the Menam Chao Phya north of Ayuthia, importantfishing community; C.Hin Lap: Village west of Korat; E. 8 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMHin Ngoxn: Tanibon on the Mekong; E.Hua Hin: Village and resort on Gulf of Slam; W.Hua Vieng: Village in Nan Province; N.Huey Lak: Mountain brook northwest of Chiengmai; N.Huey Lvik: Brook (2,000 feet) in Khun Tan Mountains; N.Huey Me Lao: Mountain brook northwest of Chiengmai; N.Huey Me Sae: Mountain brook northwest of Chiengmai; N.Huey Salob: Brook northeast of Mehongsorn; N.Huey Ya Pla: Near Bandon; P.Huey Yang: Village and railway station south of Prachuab Kirikhan; P.Huey Yang: Brook flowing into Klong Yai, near Sriracha; SE.Hupbon (or Hoopbon): Village near Sriracha; SE.Kampaengpet: Village on the Meping north of Paknampo; C.Kampang: On the Nan River; N.Kanburi (or Kanchanaburi) : Town on the Meklong at junction of its twoforks, Kwe Yai and Kwe Noi, C.Kantang: Town south of Trang; P.Kao Bantad: Mountain near Cambodia, east of Krat; SE.Kao Cheng: Mountain east of Trang; P.Kao Kuap: Mountain near Cambodia, east of Krat; SE.Kao Lem: Mountain (1,328 m) in Sankambeng Range; E.Kao Luang: Mountain (1,756 m) west of Nakon Sritamarat; P.Kao Luong: Extensive mountainous area near Burmese border west of PrachuabKirikan; SW.Kao Nong: Mountain (1,247 m) east of Bandon; P.Kao Pae Pan Nam: Mountain west of Lomkao, Pasak River; C.Kao Sabap (or Sabab): Isolated mountain near Chantabun; SE.Kao Seming (or Saming): Low mountain in coastal plain near Krat; SE.Kao Soi Dao: Mountain (993 m) in Nakon Sritamarat Range west of Singoraand southeast of Trang; P.Khlung: Village near Chantabun; SE.Khonken: Village on the Menam Chi near Udon; E.Khonka: Valley west of Mcsarieng; N.Khun Tan (or Khun Tal) : Extensive mountainous area; N.Kieu (or Kiew) : Fishing village on west side of Gulf of Siam on Bandon Bight; P.King Pal: Village north of Korat; E.Kiu Pang: Village near the Salwin River; Burma.Klong Ban Poh: Branch of the Menam Chao Phya; C.Klong Chawang: Mountain stream east of Bandon; P.Klong Kriangkrai: Small tributary of the Menam Chao Phya near NakonSawan; C.Klong Nakon Noi: Stream flowing through Nakon Sritamarat into Gulf ofSiam; P.Klong Rangsit: A canal near Bangkok; C.Klong Sao Tong: Same as Klong Ta Sai, q. v.; P.Klong Sok: Branch of the Tapi River, Bandon Province; P.Klong Tadi: Stream flowing from mountains eastward into Gulf of Siam throughNakon Sritamarat; P.Klong Tai Sai: Village and stream near Ronpibun; P.Klong Yai: Stream near Sriracha flowing into sea near Rayong; SE.Klong Yai: Stream and village on Cambodian border opposite Koh Kut; SE.Knong Phra: Pak Chong; E.Koh Angtong: Island in Gulf of Siam near Koh Samui; P.Koh Chan: Bird-nest island on west side of Gulf of Siam north of Chumporn; P. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 9Koh Chang: Large island in Gulf of Siam; SE.Koh Chula: Islet in Gulf of Siam off Lem Sing; SE.Eoh Kahten: Small island in Gulf of Siam south of Koh Samui; P.Koh Kram: Island on east side of Gulf of Siam; SE.Koh Kut: Island in Gulf of Siam; SE.Koh Lak (same as Prachuab Kirikhan): Village on west side of Gulf of Siamsouth of Hua Hin, at junction of W and P Siam.Koh Lantar: Island in Bay of Bengal; P.Koh Maprao: Islet in Gulf of Siam near Langsuen; P.Koh Pangan (incorrectly called Koh Pennan): Island north of Koh Samui; P.Koh Pipidon: Island in Bay of Bengal; P.Koh Prab (or Prap): Islet in Bandon Bight; P.Koh Proet (or Prerd) : Island in Gulf of Siam near Koh Chang; SE.Koh Samet: Island in Gulf of Siam; SE.Koh Samit: Island in Gulf of Siam near Chumporn; P.Koh Samui: Large island in Gulf of Siam east of Bandon; P.Koh Sichang: Island near head of Gulf of Siam off Sriracha; SE.Koh Si-Koh Ha (Four-Five Island): Limestone island in Tale Sap; P.Koh Talu (incorrectly spelled Taluei on charts): Island in Gulf of Siam nearKoh Samui; P.Koh Tao: Island in Gulf of Siam off Chumporn; P.Koh Yai: Island in the Menam Chao Phya north of Bangkok; C.Konken: North of Korat; E.Korat (called also Nakon Rajasima, Nakon Rachasima, etc.): Large town; E.Krabin: Town on the Sakeo River, tributary of the Bangpakong River; C.Krat (Trad): Town on the Krat River; SE.Kumpawapi: Village near Udon; E.Kuong Phra: Village between Pak Chong and Tha Chang; E.Kut Bong: Tambon on the Mekong; E.Kwe Noi: West branch of the Meklong; W.Kwe Yai: East branch of the Meklong; C.Kwe Yai: Branch of the Menam Nan near Paknampo; C.Lam Klong Lang: Stream west of Pak Chong flowing into the Pasak River; E.Lam Tong Lang (also written Lamton Lang): Village near Pak Jong; E.Lampang: Large town on the Menam Wang, a tributary of the Meping, southof Chiengmai; N.Langsuan: Fishing town on west side of Gulf of Siam south of Chumporn; P.Lantae (or Lante) : Village on the Menam Chao Phya; C.Lat Bua Kao: Railway village on tributary of the Menam Mun near PakChong; E.Lem Ngob: Village on mainland opposite Koh Chang; SE.Lem Sing: Chantabun; E.Lomkao: Village near headwaters of the Pasak River; C.Lomsak: Village on the Pasak River; C.Lopburi: Ancient town north of Ayuthia; C.Mae Hong Som: NW.Mehiek: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Mehongsom: Large town on the Mepai; N.Mekang: Waterfall stream on Doi Sutep; N.Mekhan: Tributary of the Meping southwest of Chiengmai; N.Meklong: A town at the mouth of the Meklong River, W.Mekok: River at Chiengrai, tributary to the Mekong; N.Mekong: Large river forming part of boundary between Siam and Laos; E and N.Mekong: Siamese name for the Salwin River. 10 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMekong: Stream tributarj' to the Mepai, N.Melak: Village northwest of Chiengmai; N.Melang: Village (700 m) west of Pai; N.Mepai: Large river tributary to the Salwin; N.Mepeiing: Mountain stream northwest of Chiengmai; N.Meping: Principal river in northern Siam, joining the Menan at Paknampo toform the Menam Chao Phya.Meru Sawan: See Doi Phra Chao.Meserieng (called also Maing Longyi and Meyuam): Town on the Meyuam; N.Mesort (written also Mesord and Mesawt): Village on the Thoungying River; N.Mesuya: Valley northeast of Mehongsorn; N.Meyom: River tributary to the Menan; N.Meyuam: Large tributary of the Salwin and a town thereon also called Meserieng(q. v.); N.Moulmein: City at moutli of the Salwin River; Burma.Muang Erabin: (See Krabin.)Muang Pai: (See Pai.)Muek Lek: Village and railway station on tributary of the Pasak River; E.Na Muang: Tambon near Rajaburi; C.Nakon Chaisi (spelled also Nakawn Chaisi and Nagara Jaisa): town and districtwest of Bangkok; C.Nakon Nayok: Town and river northeast of Bangkok, river tributary to theBangpakong; C.Nakon Panom: Town on the Mekong; E,Nakon Patom: Town west of Bangkok, capital of Nakon Chaisi; C.Nakon Sawan (written also Nagara Svarga):Town on the Menam Chao Phya atjunction of the Meping and the Menan; practically the same as Paknampo; C.Nakon Sritamarat: Large town; P.Nam Cheo: Stream and village in Krat Province; SE.Nam Chi Hua: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Nan: Town on the Menam Nan; N.Nan River: N.Nawong: Village near Patalung, Tale Sap; P.Noan Wat: Village north of Korat; E.Nong Bua (Lotus Lake): Village on the Pasak River; C.Nong Han (or Nong Lahan): Large lake near Sakon Nakon draining into theMekong; E.Nong Han (or Nong Lahan): Large lake near Kumpawapi draining into theMenam Chi; E.Nong Hang Sai: Large lake near Payao; N.Nong Kae: Village on Klong Rangsit (see Rangsit); C.Nong Kai: Town on the Mekong; E.Nong Keng: Village on the Mekong; E.Nong Khor: Lake and village near Sriracha; SE.Nong Mong: Lake and village near Krabin; C.Nong Nam Kiew: Lake and village inland from Sriracha; SE.Nong Parai: Village on the Kwe Noi near Kanburi; W.Nong Pranang: Swamp-lake off the Menam Nan near Bung Porapet; C.Nong Preng: Lake and village east of Bangkok; C.Nong Bu: Lake off the Nakon Nayok River; C.Nong Yang: Lake and village east of Sriracha; SE.Nontaburi: Village on the Menam Chao Phya north of Bangkok; C.Pai (or Muang Pai): Large town on the Mepai; N.Pak Bhayoon: Village on Tale Sap; P. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA HPak Chong (or Pak Jong): Mountain village; E.Pak Hai: Village on the Menam Chao Phya north of Bankgok; C.Pakhinburi: Village on the Mekong; Laos.Paknam Chao Phya: Fishing town at the mouth of the Menam Chao Phya; C,Paknam Khan Nu: Village on the Meping near Paknampo; C.Paknampo: Town at junction of the Meping and the Menan; C.Pakpoon: Village on the west side of the Gulf of Siam in Nakon SritamaratProvince; P.Pakret: Island in the Menam Chao Phya north of Bangkok; C.Pang Chao: Village on the Mekang on Doi Angka; N.Pang Meton: Village on Doi Nangka; N.Pang Sok: Mountain village between Muek Lek and Pak Chong, E.Papun (or Papoon): Town in Tenasserim Province; Burma.Pasak River: A long river flowing south and dividing eastern from central Siam.Patalung (called also Muang Lung and Siyek): Town near Tale Sap; P.Patani: Large town on west side of Gulf of Siam near China Sea; P.Payao: Lake and village between Lampang and Chiengrai; N.Petchabun: Town on the Menam Sak; C.Petchaburi: Town on Petchaburi River, south of Rajaburi; C.Petriew (or Petrieu): Town on the Bangpakong (called also Chachongsao andChaxoengsao) ; C.Pichit: Town on the Menam Nan; C.Pitsanulok (or Bisnulok): Town on the Menam Nan; C.Pol: Village north of Korat; E.Pon Pisai (called also Ban Chumporn): Village on the Mekong; E.Pong (or Pawng) : Village on Pong River, tributary of Menam Chi, near Udon; E.Potaram: Village on the Meklong north of Rajaburi; C.Prachin: Village on the Bangpakong northeast of Petriew; C.Prachuab Kirikhan (called also Koh Lak): Town on west side of Gulf ofSiam; W.Prae: Village on the Nan River; N.Pran: West side of Gulf of Siam, north of Koh Lak at the mouth of Pran River; W.Puk Noi: Village on the Pasak River; C.Puket: Large island and town on west coast of Peninsular Siam (formerly knownas Junk Ceylan, etc.).Raheng: Town on the Meping; C.Rajaguri (spelled also Rachaburi, Rajburi, Rajpuri, Ratburi, etc.): Large townon the Meklong; C.Rangeng: Village near Korat; E.Rangsit: Extensive irrigated district north of Bangkok; C.Rayasothon: Village near Udon; E.Rayong: Fishing village on Gulf of Siam; SE.Roi Et (or Roi Ech) : Town northeast of Korat; E,Ronpibun: Village near Tung Song; P.Sai Yok: Village on the West branch (Kew Noi) of the Meklong; W.Sakeo (or Srakeo): Village near Krabin; C.Sakon Nakon: Town west of Nakon Panom; E.Salwin: One of the large rivers of Asia, forming part of the western boundary ofSiam.Sam Roi Yot: Isolated mountainous limestone region south of Pran River; P.Samrong: Canal south of Bangkok connecting Menam Chao Phya and theBangpakong; C.Sankambeng Range: Mountains dividing East and Southeast Siam. 12 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSanpayang (or Sanpaiang): Village (384 m) northwest of Chiengmai; N.Saraburi: Town on the Menara Sak; C.Satahip (or Sataheep) : Village and naval station on east side of Gulf of Siamsouth of Sriracha; SE.Sichol (or Sichal or Seechol): Mining camp southeast of Bandon; P.Sikeu: Village on branch of the Menam Mun; E.Sikuk: Tributary of the Menam Chao Phya; C.Singora (called also Songkla or Songkhla): Town on Gulf of Siam and TaleSap; P.Sisiket (or Srisiket): Town east of Korat; E.Sobpung: Village (875 m) northwest of Chiengmai; N.Song Kwe: Valley west of Meserieng; N.Sriracha (or Srimaharaja) : Village on Gulf of Siam; SE.Supanburi: Town on the Supan River; C.Tachalom: Town on the Tachin River; C.Tachang Lei: Village on the Salwin River; Burma.Tachin: Town on the Tachin River (called also Samut Sakon, Samud Sakawn,etc.); C.Tadi: Stream flowing into Gulf of Siam through Nakon Sritamarat; P.Take (or Tago) : Fishing village on the Gulf of Siam near Chumporn; P.Tale Noi: Lake connected with the inner part of the Tale Sap; P.Tale Sap (Inland Sea): Large body of fresh and brackish water near Singora; P.Tapi: River discharging into Bandon Bight below Bandon; P.Ta Pra: Tambon north of Korat; E.Ta Ta-Fang (also written Ta Fang): Frontier police station on Salwin River westof Mesarieng; N.Takaw: Village on the Pasak River; C.Tha Chang (Elephant Crossing) : Village on the Menam Mun east of Korat; E.Tha Chang: Village on tributary of the Menam Mun west of Korat; E.Tha Lo: Village southwest of Bandon; P.Tha Luang: Village on the Pasak River, site of extensive irrigation works; C.Tonburi (or Thonburi) : Part of Bangkok on west bank of the Menam ChaoPhya; C.Trad: (See Krat.)Trang: Town west of Patalung; P.Ubon (or Ubol): Town on Menam Mun at eastern terminus of Eastern Rail-way; E.Udon (or Udawn): Town north of Korat; E.Um Mong: Valley (600 m) west of Pai; N.Vichienburi: Village on the Pasak River; C.Vientiane (or Wiengchan) : Capital of French Laos.Wang Hin: Village east of Bandon; P.Wang Kien: Village on Kew Yai of the Meklong near Kanburi; C.Wat Kiriwong: Wat and community of Klong Tadi west of Nakon Sritamarat; P.Waterfall is on Kao Chong, Trang; P.Yala: Village in Patani Province; P.Yamoo: Village near Patani; P.DR. W. L. ABBOTT'S ITINERARY IN SIAMDr. W. L. Abbott arrived at Prahmon, Trang, on February 18,1896, and collected there until April, except for a visit to TelibonIsland, February 25 to March 1, and again on March 28. He thenwent up the Trang River about 20 miles to Tyching, which is on the BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 13 right bank of the riv^er where the road crosses leading to Patalung,remaining there until August 8 and then moving to Lay Song Hong, alarge lake or swamp near the head of the river, where he stayed untilabout the middle of January 1897. Then he dropped down the riverto Kantany and remained there January 16 to 18, then went east toChong, on the divide between Trang and Patalung, and on February22 camped at the base of Kao Nom Plu, a mountain 3,000 feet liigh,where he remained two weeks.On IMarcli 12 he reached the base of Kao Song and on the same daywas prostrated by remittent fevers for nine days. Then he returnedto Tyching and two daj^s later dropped down the river to Gdntongand later went to Bhagalterum, a village near the mouth of the TrangRiver and north of the Plian River, which empties into the Trangnear its mouth, and remained there March 20 to 23, and then wentto Plian, a town on the south bank of the Plian River, where heremained in the vicinity from April 2 to 10. He then went to ahospital at Penang. The results of this expedition were 1,027 birdsldns, besides large collections in other fields.Dr. Abbott returned to Trang in December 1898. He left Plianon December 26 and, going inland, reached Kok Sai (at the foot ofKao Nok Ram at the head of the Plian River) on the 27th andremained in camp there, on the edge of heavy forest, until January8, 1899. After maldng some visits to the slopes of the mountain,he moved camp up the slopes of Kao Nok Ram to 1,700 feet, withheavy forests in all directions, remaining there until the 18th. Themountain was ascended to the summit, 3,200 feet; some peaks notvisited were 500 to 600 feet higher. He then returned to Kok Sai,leaving there on February 1 to visit Kao Soi Dao, a mountain southof Kao Nok Ram and not quite so high. He camped on the slopesat 1,100 feet and remained there until February 21. Returning toKok Sai on the 22d, he stayed until the 25th and then went to Naklua,a village on the Trang River near its mouth, about 5 miles east ofPrahmon, where he remained from March 2 to 5, 1899. Then heleft for Singapore.On this trip he brought back 300 bird skins in addition to his usualmiscellaneous collections.While outfitting at Singapore for a cruise in a schooner he washaving built. Dr. Abbott collected 80 bird sldns at Selitar, 9 milesfrom Singapore, in May 1899. At that time there were still a littlejungle and forest on Singapore Island. He found the parrot Psittaculalongicauda quite common, but shot only one. Wild pigs and smalldeer were rather common; rusa and an occasional tiger still occurred.He then cruised in his schooner through the Rhio Archipelago andeastward to the Tambelan and Anamba Islands from July to Septem-33527?38 2 14 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMber, and on his way back touclied at Pulo Tioman on the last day ofSeptember and remamed for the first four days in October. C.Boden Kloss accompanied him on the cruise.Dr. Abbott set sail from Singapore early in November 1899 forthe Mergui Archipelago and on his way stopped at Pulo Lada, nearLangkawi, November 30; then he went to Pulo Langkawi and wasthere from December I to 9, then landed on Pulo Nipis on December13, and arrived at Pido Adang on December 14 and remained untilthe 17th. He reached Chance Island, the southern island of theMergui Archipelago, on December 27 and remained until the 31st,then touched at Victoria Point, Tenasserim, on January 3, 1900, andwent on to Tanjong Badak the same day and remained there until the12th, but on the 5th was at Victoria Island; these three localities arenot far apart. The following islands of the Mergui Archipelago werethen visited: St, Mathews, January 14-17; St. Lukes, January 19-21 ; Loughborough, January 23-26; South Twin, January 27; and Sul-livans, January 29-Februar3^ 5. Next came Bok Pyin, on the main-land, February 9-19; then Domel Island, February 22-27; RossIsland, March 5; Heifer Island, March 5-G; Bentinck Island, March8-12; Bok Pyin and Tanjong Badak, March 15; Victoria Point,March 16; Maliwun, Tenasserim, March 18-25; and Victoria Pointagain, March 30-31. He then sailed for Singapore, stopping atThe Dindings from April 12 to 16, 1900. On this cruise 436 birdskins were collected.In September and October 1900, Dr. Abbott cruised along thecoast of Trengganu and visited Pulo Tioman again. The latter hasa peak 3,500 feet high, but it was not climbed. C. Boden Klossaccompanied him on the trip; 120 bird skins were secured in Treng-ganu and 39 on Pulo Tioman.On the way to explore the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, Dr.Abbott touched at Victoria Point, Tenasserim, on November 24 andDecember 5-16, 1900; Tanjong Badak, November 26; Sungei Balik,November 29 and December 3; St. Mathews Island, December 9;Hastings Island, December 12; Chaduquat Point, December 19;and High Island, December 30, 1900. Not many bird skins, however,were secured at these localities.From May to August 1901 Dr. Abbott was exploring the coast ofJohore and also took a few birds on the Pahang side of the EndauRiver, but not many birds were obtained.In the summer of 1902, Dr. Abbott visited the Rumpin River,Pahang, and Pulo Bintang, Rhio Archipelago, and obtamed 88 birdskins, mostly in Pahang.In the fall of 1903, Dr. Abbott started on another cruise to Tenas-serim and the Mergui Archipelago on which he collected 119 birdskins. He touched Pulo Langkawi, November 5; was off Pulo BIRDS FROM SIAJVI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 15Terutau, November 8-21; reached Victoria Island, Tenasserini,December 4-5; was off TanjoDg Badak, on the mainland, December9-10, and Champang, December 13-22. Then the following islandswere visited: St. Matthew, December 24; Sir William James, Decem-ber 29-30; Sullivans, January 4-6, 1904; Domel, January 22-30;Kisseraing, February 2-5. He then stopped at Boyces Point on themainland, February 9-12; Telok Krang, February 14-17; 6 milessouth of Boyces Point, February 17; Red Point, February 18-23;Sungei Balik, February 25-26; Telok Besar, February 27 to March6; Maliwun, March 7-9; Victoria Point, March 12; Telok Besar,March 18-21; Victoria Point, March 29; and again at Pulo Terutau,April 6, 1904, on his way to Singapore.I have thought it weU to include all the birds collected by Dr.Abbott on the various expeditions mentioned above, except thosefrom Pulo Tioman, the Rhio Archipelago, the Tambelans, andAnambas; the latter two have been worked up by Dr. Harry C.Oberholser,^ and the others are beyond the scope of this paper.Tenasserini, the Mergui Archipelago, and the Alalay States arealso outside the limits of the present paper, but it is thought well torecord the specimens from these localities, as they add few birdsunrecorded from Siam and help to show the distribution of the formsto better advantage.Dr. Abbott was probably the first naturalist to make collections inthe interior of Trang, and quite a number of his birds were unrecordedfrom Siam at the time they were taken, but as the interior of Penin-sular Siam has been visited several times since by other parties, mostof his records have been duplicated. He, however, took the followingbirds that still remain otherwise unrecorded from Siam:Nannocnus eurythmus. Hydrocissa malayana.Sterna albifrons saundersi. Cranobrontes corrugatus.Cuculus micropierus concretus. Cyanops henrici henrici.Hirundapus giganteus giganteus.The following forms of birds have been described from Dr. Abbott'sMalay Peninsula collections:(1) By DR. CHARLES W. RICHMONDTurdinulus granli. Oreocincla horsfieldi affmis.Stachyris chrysops. Aethopyga anomala.Criniger sordidus. (2) By DR. HARRY C. OBERHOLSERButorides javanicus abbotti. Copsychus saiilaris haliblectus.Dendrophassa vernans abbotti. Kittacincla malabarica pellogyna.Phodilus badius abbotti. Kittacincla malabarica lamprogyna.Caprimulgus macrurus anamesus. Cyornis rubeculoides chersonesites. >Proc. 17. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 65, pp. 129-143, 1919; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98, 76 pp., 1917. 16 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Collocalia linchi elaclujptera.Rarnphalcyon capensis hydrophila.Graucalus sumatrensis messeris.Dissemurus paradiseus messatius.Dissemurus paradiseus hypohallus.Dissemurus paradiseus mallomicrus.Anuropsis malaccensis driophila.Stachyris nigriceps dipora.Mixornis gularis chersonesophila.Mixornis gularis archipelagica. Hypothymis azurea forrestia.Culicicapa ceylonensis antioxantha.Lamprocorax panayensis halictypus.Aethopyga siparaja heliotis.Cinnyris ornata heliobleta.Arachnothera chrysogenys astilpna.Arachnothera longirostris anlelia.Arachnothera longirostris heliocrita,Uroloncha acuticauda lepidola. (3) By J. H. RILEYCyanops franklini trangensis.A number of the foregoing forms are not now recognized, but as theywill be dealt with in the text, it is not necessary to go into the questionof their vaUdity here.ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE REGIONThe geography of the Malay Peninsula has been given in some detailby H. C. Robinson ^ to whose account the reader is referred.Siam, lying between Burma on the west and north and Indochina onthe east, has no distinctive avifauna. The Peninsular part, being-between Peninsular Burma on the north and the Malay States on thesouth, is intermediate in location, but predominantly Malayan iaits fauna.Kloss * has proposed to divide the country into sLx zoogeographicaldivisions for convenience, as follows:(1) Northern Siam. The Laos country, mostly mountainous orsubmontane, north of latitude 18? N., between the mouth of the MeMue or Thoungyin River, an affluent of the SalA\an, and the greateastern bend of the Mekong.The avifauna is characterized principally by the extension south-ward of many Burmese species.(2) Central Siam. The great watered plain of the Menam ChaoPhya and its tributaries, south of upper Siam, including the low-lands of the basin of the Bangpakong River in the southeast and tholower reaches of the Me Klav/ng and Petchaburi Rivers in the south-west.No distinctive birds occur in the division.(3) Western Siam. The hill country between the Tenasserimfrontier and the Menam lowland plain from the Me Mue River mouthsouth to Koh Lak. This region was divided later into western andsouthwestern Siam.(4) Peninsular Siam. From the Isthmus of Kra south to theMalay States. ? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, pp. xiii-xxix. 1927. < Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 250-251, and map, 1915. BIRDS FROM vSIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 17Characterized by the extension northward of many Malayanforms.(5) Eastern Siam. The Korat Plateau, bounded on the north and ?ast by the Mekong, on the south by the Cambodian frontier, and onthe west roughly by the Pasak River.Otocompsa johnsoni is confined to this region.(6) Southeastern Siam. The varied country along the Gulf,bounded on the east by the Cambodian frontier, on the north byeastern Siam (about latitude 14? N.), then west to the Pasak River, andsouth to the Gulf.Most of the forms discovered by Dr. Smith come from this region,and many Cambodian fonns enter the country here. The avifaunais strongly Cambodian.PREVIOUS ORNITHOLOGICAL WORKThe first list of Siamese birds that I have seen is one by JohnGould * of a small collection made by Sir Robert H. Schomburgk.This was only a nominal list of 64 species, but it contained one or mxorespecies that have not been taken in Siam since. One is named forthe first time, but, as it is not so indicated and there is no description,it has no taxonomic standing. Five years later Sir Robert H. Schom-burgk ^ gave some notes on the habits of some of the birds he had sentto Gould and recorded a few additional species.Allan O. Hume in 1877 sent his collectors, W. Davison and J.DarUng, to work the Malay Peninsula, which they covered prettythoroughly on the west side from the northern boundary south toSelangor. Owing to conditions at that early period, they were notable to penetrate far from the coast. Hume published the resultsof their labors,^ while their specimens went later to the BritishMuseum. August Miiller ^ wrote a dissertation upon a collection ofbirds from the Island of Salanga, or Puket, on the west coast ofPeninsular Siam, wliich he assigned to 155 species. There seems tohave been little ornithological activity after this until Dr. W. L.Abbott began his work in eastern Asia in Trang in 1896, of which afull Ust of the birds will be given herein.In 1899-1900 the Skeat Expedition visited the eastern coast of theMalay Peninsula, and Bonhote ? published a list of the birds collected.Then Nelson Annandale and Herbert C. Robinson made an expeditionto the Patani States and Perak, and the birds collected were workedup at the British Museum by Ogilvie-Grant.^? ? Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon, 1859, p. 151. ? Ibis, 1864, pp. 246-268. ' Stray Feathers, 1879, pp. 37-72, 151-163; 1880, pp. 107-132. ? Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, sowie BeitrJige zur Ornithologie der Halbinsel Malakka, 96 pp., 2 foldingiables, 1882; republislied in Journ. fUr Orn., 1882, pp. 353-448. ? Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1901, vol. 1, pp. 67-81." Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, pp. 65-123, 1905. 18 BULLETIX 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMEight or more years after Dr. Abbott's visits to Trang, parties fromthe Museum of the Federated Malay States visited the region and theIslands of Langkawi and Terutau, and the collections were worked upby Robinson and Kloss.^^ Tliis was the beginning of a long period ofactivity by one or the other of these men, who worked together inexploring Peninsular, eastern, and southeastern Siam. They haveembodied the results of their labors in Peninsular and southwesternSiam in a joint paper.'^In the meanwhile, the Natural History Society of Siam had beenformed at Bangkok in 1913, and it began the pubHcation of its Journalthe following year. Tliis society was composed of a number ofenthusiastic members who soon began to pubHsh articles on birds inthe Journal.Count Nils Gyldenstolpe had visited eastern and northern Siam in1911 and published the first extensive paper on the birds of thisregion*^; later he paid a second visit to the country, when besidescollecting in northern Siam he spent some time at Koh Lak^^; laterhe compiled a complete hst of the birds of Siam known at that tiine.^*R. M. de Schauensee has made three journeys to Siam and publishedthe results of his trips. ^^ His collections were presented to theAcademy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.H. G. Deignan ^'' has compiled a list of the birds personally takenor reported by others from the Chiengmai region, recording 337forms; this has had additions made to it by the collections of C. J.Aagaard ^^ and by de Schauensee on liis third expedition cited above.Later Mr. Deignan '^ returned to Cliiengmai and published a revisedlist, bringing the number of birds recorded from there to 410.Herbert C. Robinson projected a work upon the birds of the MalayPeninsula to be completed in five volumes, but unfortunately he diedafter only two of the volumes had been completed,^" but the remainingvolumes are being written by F. N. Chasen.E. C. Stuart Baker's volumes on the birds of British India ^* containdescriptions of the majority of the northern Siamese forms.For a long while the avifauna of French Indo-China was little known,but this defect has been largely remedied by the explorations of JeanDelacour, Pierre Jabouille, and others m recent years and by the " Ibis, 1910, pp. 659-675. pi. 10, map; 1911, pp. 10-80, pi. 1." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, pp. 1-397, 1921-1924." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. ITandl., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 3-76, 1 col. pi., 1913.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. ?6, no. 2, pp. 1-lGO. 1916.i? Ibis, 1920, pp. 44fr4y6, 569-607, 735-780." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, pp. 553, 580, 1928; vol. 81, pp. 523-588, 1930; vol. 86, pp. 163-280, 1934. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, pp. 131-176, 1931. '? Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siara Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, pp. 232-248, 1932.? Ibid., vol. 10, pp. 71-129, 1936.M The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, 7-1-329 pp., 1927; vol. 2, xxii+310 pp., 1928. ?? The fauna of British India, ed. 2, Birds. 7 vols., 1922-1930. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 19publication by the two men mentioned of a 4-volume work on thebirds of the country ,^^ with numerous colored plates. Many forms ofeastern Siam extend into Cambodia and western Laos, probably manymore than are laiown to do so at present.Since the present paper was first written, F. N. Chasen ^^ haspublished a "Handlist of Malaysian Birds," a systematic account ofthe birds of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to andincluding the Malay States, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, and the adjacentsmall islands.In the present treatment I have tried to avoid controversial ques-tions and to condense the technical remarks as nmcli as possible. Ihave listed all the birds collected by Drs. Smith and Abbott and havegiven the data on eggs, but a thorough list of all the birds of Siamcan not be given until all the data upon their occurrence in the countryis upon record, which will not be for many years to come. Thenomenclature is in need of review, but this is a matter that needs timeand research and usually goes through a period of evolution and sohas not been attempted. Another subject that needs attention in thecountry is that of migration. Since m.any lists, even some quitemodern, fail to give dates of occurrence, it is often difficult with thedata at hand to judge whether a bird is a migrant, a winter resident,or a resident.The breeding habits and life histories of the resident birds also needto be studied. E. G. Herbert ^* has made an excellent begmning,treating 108 forms, but more work along these lines is much to bedesired. Observations should be made by a trained observer, who isthoroughly familiar with the bird observed, or who should collect aspecimen for future identification by a competent specialist.Of the rarer birds of Siam, I have given all the references of occur-rence in the country known to me, but of the commoner forms, ofwhich Drs. Smith or Abbott took adequate series, the references havebeen selected to furnish additional data.Undoubtedly many birds remain to be added to the avifauna ofSiam. The present paper has been written from the distributionalstandpoint, to furnish data for a more thorough work by some futureauthor. In the catalog to follow, Dr. Smith's birds are listed first,then those of Dr. Abbott. " Oiseaux I'Indochine Franfaise, 1931.n Bull Raffles Mus. 11, xx+389 pp., 1935." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, pp. 81-123, 215-222, 1923; pp. 293-311, 1924; and Journ. Siam Soc.Nat. Hist. Suppl., 192G, pp. 323-326. 20 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSYSTEMATIC LIST OF BIRDSFamily COLYMBIDAE: GrebesPOLIOCEPHALUS RUFICOLLIS ALBIPENNIS (Sharpe)Tachybaptes albipennis Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 4, p. 4, 1894 (IndianPeninsula).Four males, four females, and one unsexed, Potaram, February 5-6,1926, January 23, 1927; one male and one female, Bangkok, May 22,1926; five males and two females. Bung Borapet, June 23, 1932,March 26-28, 1933; one male, Petrieu, January 20, 1924.Dr. W. L. Abbott took one male, Tyching, Trang, July 6, 1896.He describes the soft parts as: Iris, straw-yellow; feet, black infront, olive behind; bill, black above, mottled with white beneath,naked skin at base pale green.None of the specimens taken by Dr. Smith is in adult plumage, butthe single male taken by Dr. Abbott is approximately so. This Ihave carefully compared with a male and a female from British EastAfrica and a male from Madagascar in breeding plumage. The Trangmale has less white at the base of the secondaries, and the outer web ofthese feathers is black and the latter color even extends for a shortdistance from the shaft toward the tip on the inner web. In theAfrican race the secondaries are largely white at the base, and theblack on the outer web is confined to a narrow border near the tip.This difference seems to hold also in the specimens in nonbreedingplumage. It seems to me incredible that the form occurring in Africawould be the same as that occurring in India and Siam, and as thelatter seems to show a fundamental difference it should be recognized.The range of albipennis would then be Ceylon, India, and Burma,east to Siam and probably Cochinchina.Poliocephalus ruficollis poggei of China has more black on thecheeks in the breeding season than albipennis, but in the nonbreedingplumage the two forms are much alike, and it would be rather difficultto separate them in this stage.P. r. albipennis is more or less a common resident all over Siam insuitable situations; in Peninsular Siam it extends at least to Trangand probably farther. Herbert ^^ reports it not uncommon in centralSiam. He received two sets of five eggs each, one from Ayuthia,June 25, and one from Tachin, October 22.Family PELECANIDAE: PelicansPELECANUS ROSEUS GmelinPelecanus roseus Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 570, 1789 (Manila,Philippines).Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin, ibid., p. 571 (Philippines)." " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 355, 1926. ?? Grant and Mackworth-Praed, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 55, p. 63, 1934, state that this name is asynonym. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 21One female, Nakon Sritamarat, August 30, 1924,Dr. W. L. Abbott writes that a large wliite pelican was observedseveral times at Lay Song Hong, Trang, but no specimens wereobtained. It was probably this species.Gyldenstolpe " records one pair from Tha Law but observed greatflocks on the coast of the Gulf of Siam at the end of April and begin-ning of May; later,-^ August 16, 1914, he took a male and a female atChieng Hai, northern Siam, and states that during the rainy seasonthey assemble in great numbers on the large swamps of central Siam.In Peninsular Siam there seem to be few records, but this is probablydue to the lack of scientific collecting rather than to the scarcity ofthe bird in suitable localities. There are a number of specimens fromthe Malay States in the British Museum. Robinson ^^ states thatpelicans are now rare in the Malay States but are still common in theTrang swamps, the Tale Sap in Singgora, and Tale Noi in Patelung,They used to be common in Patani Bay, and they are fairly numerousin Bandon.Delacour and Jabouille ^? report this pelican very common in suitabledistricts in Cochinchina and Cambodia, where it breeds in greatnumbers and forms an object of commerce; in Annam it is rare.It should and probably does occur in southeastern Siam.The range of the species extends from southern China to Burma,India, Cochinchina, Siam, and southward through Peninsular Siam toJava and the Philippines.Family SULIDAE: Boobies, GannetsSULA LEUCOGASTER PLOTUS (Forster)Pelecanus plains Forster, Descriptiones animalium . . ., Lichtenstein ed., p. 278,1844 (near New Caledonia).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an immature female of this form, nearthe Aroa Islands, Straits of Malacca, November 14, 1899; and animmature female near Pulo Perak, Straits of Malacca, October 31,1901.Robinson and Kloss ^* record this booby, under the name Sulasula, as numerous off Langkawi in November 1907; Williamson ^^picked up a dead specimen on July 18, 1916, on an islet near KohRin, Inner Gulf of Siam, and later found it on an islet near KohChuan, Inner Gulf of Siam, in May 1918.^^ Robinson and Kloss," " Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 71, 1913." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 132, 1916. '? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 56, 1927. '" Oiseaux I'lndochine Franjaise, vol. 1, p. 49, 1931." Ibis, 1911, p. 19.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 63, 1916.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 38, 1918." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 85, 1921. 22 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATION^YL MUSEUM writing of Peninsular Siam, state that it is common on the westcoast of Siam, but they had not seen it on the east coast, though theywere assured it breeds on a small island off the coast of Nakon Srita-marat.The jace occurs from northern Australia northward to Java, theMalay Peninsula, Siam, Indo-China, and the Chinese Coast (winter);eastward it occurs as far as Laysan.Family PHALACROCORACIDAE: CormorantsPHALACROCORAX CARBO SINENSIS (Shaw and Noddcr)Pelecanus sinensis Shaw and Nodder, Nat. Misc., vol. 13, 529, 1802 (China).One immature male, Sriracha, September 20, 1925.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male and an adult female atLay Song Hong, Trang, August 22 and 29, 1896.Dr. Abbott gives the colors of the soft parts as: Iris, emerald green;bill, black above and whitish or fleshy beneath; naked skin at base ofbUl and gular pouch, greenish black, thickly mottled with orange(male), deep yellow (female); naked skin beneath eye, orange; feetand claws, black. Weight of female, 4}^ pounds.Gyldenstolpe ^^ reports this cormorant common near the rivers andswamps of central Siam and in the small lakes around Tha Law;Robinson ^^ secured a male on Koh Pennan and states that he hadobtained specimens on the coast of Patani and saw four birds inSenggora Roads on his way to Koh Samui; Gairdner ^^ records it forthe Ratburi and Petchaburi Districts.The form ranges from southern Europe to China, south to India,Indo-China, Siam, and south in Peninsular Siam to the Malay States,where it is rare, however.This is the largest of the three cormorants credited to Siam.PHALACROCORAX NIGER (Vieillot)Hydrocorax niger Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vol. 8, p. 88, 1817 (EastIndies, error; Bengal).One male and five females, Bangkok, April 11, 1924, May 22 and 24,1926, October 10, 1923, and October 19, 1924; two females, NongPreng, January 29, 1927; one male and two females. Bung Borapet,June 22-27, 1932, and March 22, 1933.Only two in the above series are adult and have begun to assumethe breeding plumage. They are both females and were taken atBangkok, October 10 and 19; the latter has a few white feathers ontop of head and sides of neck; in the former a few white filoplumes ?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 71, 1913." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 143, 1915.>' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 1, pp. 15, 31, 162, 1914. BIRDS FROM SIAI^L AND THE M.\LAY PENINSULA 23 appear on the pileum and around the eyes. The October 19 femalehas the bill very dark, except at the tip of the lower mandible, whilein the October 10 female the bill is light colored, except along theculmen. These two specimens point to an early winter breedingseason.This is a fresh-water cormorant and does not usually occur alongthe coast.Gjddenstolpe ^^ reports it common throughout southwestern andcentral Siam but apparently less abundant in the north; Robinsonand Kloss ^^ say that they saw it in a mountain stream in Bandon;Chasen and Kloss *? state that it is unknown from the southern partof the Malay Peninsula.The species ranges from Ceylon to India, Burma, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Java.Family ANHINGIDAE: SnakebirdsANHINGA MELANOGASTER PennantAnhinga tnelanogaster Pennant, Indian zoology, p. 13, pi. 12, 1769 (Ceylon andJava) . Two males and one female, Bung Borapet, June 20, 1932, March28, 1933 ; one female, Nakon Sritamarat, March 10, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a female at Maliwun, Tenasserim,March 19, 1900.Robinson and Kloss ^' saw a darter on the fresh-water lake in theLangkawi Islands, later given as Pulo Dayang Bunting*^; they statethat it is rare in the Malay Peninsula; Gyldenstolpe *^ reports thesnakebird rather common in suitable localities throughout the wholecountry.The species ranges from Mesopotamia to India, Burma, Siam, andIndo-China, south to Java, Borneo, the Philippines, and Celebes.Family ARDEIDAE: Herons, BitternsARDEA CINEREA RECTIROSTRIS GouldArdea rectirostris Gotjld, Proc. Zool. Soc London, 1843, p. 22 (New South Wales;error; South India **).One female, Bangkok, August 2, 1924.This specimen, while of full adult size, has not fully assumed adultplumage. " Ibis, 1920, p. 775." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 86, 1921. Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 173, 1931.M Die Ornis dor Insel Salanga, p. 84, 1882. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 81, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 35form probably escapes observation and is more numerous than thescattered records indicate.The form has a wide range, occurring from central and southeasternChina to India, Siam, Indo-Cliina, south through the Malay Peninsulato the Greater Sunda Islands, Pliilippines, and Celebes. Other formsoccur on islands to the southward.Family CICONIIDAE: Storks, JabirusIBIS LEUCOCEPHALUS (Pennant)Tantalus leucocephalus Pennant, Indian zoology, p. 11, pi. 10, 1769 (Ceylon).One adult female, Nakon Sritamarat, September 27, 1926.Robinson^* reports storks common in Bandon and records tliree speci-mens from Langkawi; GaLrdner^^ gives it for the Petchaburi District;Robinson and Kloss^^ for Nong Kok, Ghirbi; Herbert^'' says his col-lector reported it as nesting at Ban Yang in July but did not succeedin obtaining eggs.The species ranges from Ceylon through India to Burma, south-west China, Indo-China, and Siam. In Peninsular Siam it is saidnot to range south of Langkawi. I have seen no records from north-ern Siam. ANASTOMUS OSCITANS (Boddaert)Ardea osciians Boddaert, Table des planches enlumineez d'histoire naturelle,p. 55, 1783 (Pondicherry).One adult unsexed, Potaram, January 31, 1926; one female, PasakRiver, October 19, 1932.Gairdner^^ records this species from the Ratburi and PetchaburiDistricts; Vv^illiamson ^^ reports it common at Promden on the rail-way between Bangkok and Tachin, March 1917, and liis collectorsecured some specimens at Tartia, central Siam, in July; Deignan^says flocks occur from June to November at Nawng Chang Fumbetween Chiengmai and Lampoon and that it was once seen flyingover Chiengmai; Herbert^ states that his collector took one fresh Qg^from a temple on Klong San Sep, February 22, and reported therewere many nests; he also gives measurements and notes on the softparts of two specimens shot at Samkok, August 31.The opcnbill ranges fz*om Ceylon and India to Assam, Burma,Siam, and Cochinchina; apparently there are no records for Penin-sular Siam. " Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 88, 1915. ?8 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siara, vol. 1, p. 152, 1915. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 91, 1919. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 319, 1926. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 30, 152, 1914-15.8? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 39, 1918. ' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 172, 1931. 'Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. C, p. 350, 1926. 36 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDISSOURA EPISCOPUS EPISCOPUS (Boddaert)Arden episcopus Boddaert, Table des planches enlumin^ez d'histoire naturelle,p. 54, 1783 (India).One adult male, Bandon, January 5, 1927; one adult male, KaoSoi Dao, Trang, January 9, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott took the following: Two adult males, one adultfemale, and one unsexed, Trang (Prahmon, April 1, 1896; Tyching,July 21, 1896; Lay vSong Hong, October 26, 1896, and January 21,1897); and two males and one female, Tenasserim (Bok Pyin, Feb-ruary 12, 1900; Champang, December 14, 1903; Tanjong Badak,March 26, 1904).Dr. Abbott gives the following notes: Iris red, sclerotic yellow;feet and legs dull brownish red; bill black, red at tip and along com-missure; naked skin about head black; gular pouch black. Stomachof a male (no. 153617) contained small crabs, jBsh, and grasshoppers.Weight of a male from Prahmon, Trang, 4% pounds; of a male fromBok Pyin, Tenasserim, 5K pounds. The female from TanjongBadak, March 26, was building a nest when shot.Dissoura episcopus neglecta Finsch is a smaller race with a differ-ently colored bill and is confined to the Sunda Islands from Javaeast to Sumbawa and Celebes, as I have already pointed out.^ Itseems very doubtful whether it occurs on the mainland at all. Thenaked skin on the sides of the neck is an age character and not diag-nostic of the race as claimed by Gyldenstolpe.* I have not, however,examined any specimens from north of Tenasserim.D. episcopus episcopus ranges over practically all India and cast toIndo-China and south in the Malay Peninsula to Kedah. It alsooccurs in the Philippines in a more or less intermediate form.Grant ^ records it from Patani; Robinson^ from Pulo Langkawiand Trang, Bandon,^ Koh Samui^; Robinson and Kloss? from NongKok, Ghirbi; Gairdner ^?from Ratburi and Petchaburi; Gyldenstolpe "from Sakerat and Aluang Pai, Korat Plateau, and Tha Law, CentralSiam; and later ^^ he took a male at Hat Sanuk and found it not rareat Koh Lak; Lowe '^ reports it plentiful on the Meping in March;Robinson and Kloss ^* state that it has not been found south of the ? Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 16, p. 28, 1924. ? Ibis, 1920, p. 766. ' Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 115, 1905. ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 4, p. 130, 1909. ' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 88, 1915. ? Ibid., p. 142. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 91, 1919.1' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 30, 152, 1914-15." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 72, 1913." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 60, no. 2, p. 139, 1916.w Ibis, 1933. 491. "Ibis, 1911, 16. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 37latitude of Penang; de Scliauensee '* took a male at Chieng Sen,February 13. A related form is found in Africa.LEPTOPTILOS JAVANICUS (Horsfidd)Ciconia javanica Horspield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, 188, 1821 (Java).One male, Potaram, August 3, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male at Prahmon, Trang, April 10, 1896,and a male at Champang, Tenasserim, December 1903.Dr. Abbott gives the color of the soft parts as: Iris dirty gi'ayishwhite; bill pale brownish horn, tinged with greenish; feet and clawsblack; naked skin on neck yellow, a small patch below and in front duUred; scalp dii'ty gray. Weight of male from Trang, 9 pounds; malefrom Tenasserim, 11)^ pounds.Robinson and Ivloss ^^ record a specimen taken at Lay Song Hong,Trang, under the name Leptoptilus dubius, which they afterward cor-rected; Gyldenstolpe ^^ took a female at Koh Lak and observed it southof Ratburi; Robinson and Kloss ^* record a male from Koh Naka Yai,Puket; and the same authors,^? writing of Southwest and PeninsularSiam, say it is common throughout the area, generally in rice fields inmangrove swamps, and on the coastal flats.The species ranges from Ceylon to eastern India, Burma, and south-ern China, south to Indo-China, Siam, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra,Java, and Borneo.Family PLEGADIDAE: Ibises and SpoonbillsPSEUDIBIS DAVISONI (Hume)Geroniicus davisoni Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 3, p. 300, 1875 (Pakchan Estuary,Tenasserim) . One adult male. Ban Nong Keng, no date.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult female at Prahmon, Trang, March14, 1896 ; and an adult female at Champang, Tenasserim, December 19,1903.Dr. Abbott gives the soft parts in the female as follows: Iris orange-red; feet dull red; claws black; biU dark plumbeous; naked head black,a broad collar bluish white. In the male: Iris reddish orange; feetpinkish purple; bill leaden (jade color); head dull black; collar paleblue, darker behind.Robinson ^? reports it from Lay Song Hong, Trang, from the BandonRiver, Bandon,^^ and from Pulo Lontar^^; Robmson and Kloss ^^ from? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 279, 1934. "Ibis, 1911, p. 16." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 141, 1916. '8 Journ. Nat. nist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 92, 1919.i? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 75, 1921.??Ibis, 1911, p. 17. ?1 Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 89, 1915." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 141, 1917." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 92, 1919. 38 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMthe Gliirbi region ; Herbert ^* says that his collector reported it breedingat Bang Yang (Tachin).Dr. Abbott writes that in Trang it was commoner than Thaumatibisgigantea.The species ranges from Pegu and Tenasserim to eastern Burma,southwestern Yunnan, Cochinchina, southern Laos, Cambodia, Siam,and Peninsular Siam.This species, while similar in general color to Thaumatibis gigantea,is a much smaller bird and has a white patch on the inner lesser wingcoverts. Culmen in P. davisoni about 180 mm or less; in T. gigantea,about 240 mm. THAUMATIBIS GIGANTEA (Oustalet)Ibis gigantea Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Pai-is, ser. 7, vol. 1, p. 25, 1877(Cambodge).Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male at Lay Song Hong, Trang, De-cember 5, 1896; and an adult on Pulo Terutau, April 6, 1904.Dr. Abbott thus describes the soft parts of the Trang specimen:Iris red; feet dark red; bill greenish horny (jade color); naked headdark brownish gray. Weight 7% pounds.He writes as follows of the Trang specimen: "It was a solitaryindividual in a dry paddy field in the dry season and was quite unsus-picious and allowed me to come as close as I desired to shoot it. TheSiamese all knew it, so it cannot be rare. On one occasion m the wetseason in a paddy field, there must have been dozens of ibises, bothP. davisoni and T. gigantea, but I did not secure any."Gairdner ^^ records it from the Ratburi and Petchaburi Districts,and one was sent to the British Museum from the latter place foridentification; a specimen collected by him near Chom Beung, Rat-bm-i, in March 1913, is recorded by Wiihamson,^^ who also laterrecords a pair taken on December 24, 1918, on the coast of Cambodia,just south of the Siamese boundary; ^^ Robinson and Kloss ^* saw onefrom the train just south of Koh Lak, and they record a male takenat Krongmon, Trang, February 19, 1910.^^The species has been recorded from Cambodia, southern Laos,Cochinchina, and southwestern and Peninsular Siam. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 349, 1926." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 39, 152, 1914-15.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, vol. 2, p. 71, pi., 1916.K Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 196, 1921. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 74, 1934. ?? Ibis, 1911, p. 17, pi. 1. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 39Family ANATIDAE: Geese, Ducks, SwansDENDROCYGNA JAVANICA (Horsfield)Anas javanica Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 199, 1821 (Java).One male, Petrieu, January 20, 1924; three males and two females,Nong Mong, Muang lO-abin, August 25-28, 1925; one male, Potaram,February 4, 1926; five males and two females. Bung Borapet, June23-27, 1932, and March 23, 1933; one female, Nakon Sritamarat,September 14, 1924.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and four females at Tyching,Trang, May 10-July 17, 1896.Dr. Abbott describes the soft parts as follows: Iris dark broAvn;bill leaden blue, black at tip and on the culmen; feet blackish slate,claws and webs black; orbital skin dull orange or yellow.This is a common duck in suitable localities all over Siam properand in Peninsular Siam; also on some of the islands off the coast.Herbert ^? reports it breeding at Klong Kangsit, Sambok, and Pakretand states that the set usually consists of eight eggs, though ten some-times occur.The species ranges from India eastward to southern China, southto Indo-China, Siam, the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.SARCIDIORNIS MELANOTA (Pennant) ^Anser melanotus Pennant, Indian zoology, p. 12, pi. 11, 1769 (Ceylon).One female, Nan River, near Kampang, northern Siam, March 21,1928.Gyldenstolpe ^^ saw some specimens of tliis bu-d kept in captivityby the Laos Prince of Chiengmai and was told by the natives it wasrather common in several parts of northern Siam. Williamson ^'records a male shot by Mr. Gibbins on the Klong Luang Peng, nearBangkok, in February. There seem to be few Siamese records forthis species.The species ranges from Africa and Madagascar to Ceylon, India,Burma, Tenasserim, Siam, Cochinchina, and southeastern China.CASARCA FERRUGINEA (Pallas)Anas ferruginea Pallas, in Vroeg's Beredeneerde catalogus, Adumbratiunculae,p. 5, 1764 (Tartary).One adult, unsexed, in heavy molt on the underparts, KlongRangsit, autumn 1925. 30 Journ. Siam. Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 354, 1926. ?> Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. .56, no. 2, p. 134, 1916." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 42, 1918. 40 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMy previous record of this specimen ^^ was the first for Siam.Deignan ^* has since recorded a specimen from Ban En on the middleMeping.The species breeds from southeastern Europe east to the upperAmur and south to Persia, the Himalayas, and southwestern China;in winter it migrates to northern Africa, India, Burma, southernChina, northern Annam, and Siam.NETTION CUECCA (Linnaeus)Anas crecca Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 126, 1758 (Sweden).One male, changing from an eclipse to nuptial plumage, KHongRangsit, December 28, 1931.At the time of capture this specimen was an addition to the Siameselist and was later recorded as such.^* Rodgers and Deignan ^? havesince recorded a female taken at Chiengmai, December 5, 1931.The species is of wide distribution, and there are many records southof its usual range. Robinson ^^ records a female from Kuala Lumpur,Selangor, and there is a specimen in the British Museum from Malacca.The species breeds from Iceland, northern Europe, and northernAsia to the Aleutian Islands and wmters in Africa, India, Burma,southern China, Siam, Indo-China, and the Philippines.QUERQUEDULA QUERQUEDULA (Linnaeus)Anas querqiiedula Linnaeus, Systema naturae, cd. 10, p. 205, 1758 (Europe;restricted type locality, Sweden).One male, Petrieu, January 20, 1924; two females, Klong Rangsit,December 21, 1925, and 28, 1931; one male, Potaram, February 7,1926; one male and one female, Nong Preng, January 29, 1927 (Dr.Smith has written on the label of the male, abundant); one male andtwo females, Bung Borapet, March 28, 1933.Gairdner ^^ records this teal from the Ratburi and Petchaburi Dis-tricts; de Schauensee ^" secured a pair from Hua Takay, December28; Deignan *? states that it is present in small numbers at Chiengmaifrom October 24 to February 20.The species breeds in northern Europe and northern Asia andwinters south of its breeding range; in Asia from Arabia, India,Burma, Siam, the Indo-Chinese countries, smd islands to the south-ward as far as New Guinea. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 153, 1933.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nal. Hist. Stinpl. vol. 10, p. 132, 1936." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 154, 1933.?? Troc. Biol. Soc. Washiuslou, vol. 47, p. 92, 1934." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 6, p. 18, 1913.?* Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 31, 153, 1914-15. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 588, 1930." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 75, 1936. BIRDS FItOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 41DAFILA ACUTA ACUTA (Linnaeus)Anas acuta Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 126, 1758 (Europe; restrictedtype locality, Sweden).One female, Paknampo, December 1925; one male and one female,Klong Rangsit, December 28, 1931.Gyldenstolpe *^ states that the Laos Prince of Chiengmai had somepintails in confinement taken at Pra Kao, a small town in northeast-ern Siam; Deignan *^ says they are uncommon during cold weatherat Chiengmai, specimens being taken in October and December.The form breeds in Iceland, northern Europe, and northern Asiaand migrates in the winter to northern Africa, Ceylon, India,Burma, Siam, southern China, Tonkin, and Annam.SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linnaeus)Anas chjpeata Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 124, 1758 (Europe; restrictedtype locality, Sweden).One female, Klong Rangsit, fall 1925.Williamson ** recorded a male shoveler shot by A. H. Duke atKlong Luang Peng, about 30 miles east of Bangkok, January 22, 1916.The species breeds from northern North America to northernEurope and northern Asia and migrates south to winter; in Asia tothe Persian Gulf, India, Burma, southern China, Tonkin, Annam,and Siam.CHENISCUS COROMANDELIANUS COROMANDELIANUS (Gmelin)Anas coromandeliana Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 522, 1789 (Core-mandel, India).One immature male, Petrieu, January 20, 1924; six males, NongMong, Muang Krabin, August 20-26, 1925; six males, two females,and one unsexed, Potaram, January 31-February 4-6, 1926; one male,Bangkok, May 25, 1926; one immature male, Nong Preng, Jauary29, 1927; 15 males and 12 females, Bung Borapet, June 20-27, 1932,and March 23-28, 1933.The cotton teal apparently is generally distributed throughoutSiam in suitable localities. Robinson and Kloss ^ state that it issaid to be common at the north end of the Tal6 Sap and Tale Noi inPatalung, but rare everywhere else in the Peninsula.The form ranges from Ceylon, India, and Burma east to southernChina and south to Indo-China, Siam, the Malay Peninsula, thePhilippines, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and Banka. A related formoccurs in eastern Australia. " Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 5fi, no. 2, p. 135, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 174, 1931." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 64, 1916." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 82, 1921. 42 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMNYROCA BAERI (Radde)Anas (Ftdigvla) baeri Radde, Reisen im Siiden von Ost-Sibirien, vol. 2, p. 376,pi. 15, 18G3 (southeast Siberia).One female, Potaram, Meldong River, January 31, 1926.My previous record of this specimen ^ was apparently the first forSiam; Deignan ^ has since reported securing it at Chiengmai, March3, 1936.The species breeds from TransbailvaUa to the lower Amur andmnters in southern China, Assam, Burma, Bengal, and Siam.There are a number of other ducks that breed in northern Asia andmigrate south in winter that have been taken in Indo-China ; withoutmuch doubt some of these will eventually be taken in Siam, andcollectors should not neglect an opportunity to examine sportmen'sbags for unusual specimens and have them identified and, if worthy,placed on record.Family ACCIPITRIDAE: Hawks, Old World Vultures, Harriers,OspreysELANUS CAERULEUS VOCIFERUS (Latham)Falco vociferus Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 46, 1790 (India).One male and one female, Bangkok, September 27 and 29, 1924.Dr. W. L. Abbott took one immature and two adult females atTyching, Trang, J\me 30, July 25, and August 6, 1896.These Siamese specimens are considerably paler above and theblack wing patch smaller than in E. c. caeruleus; they seem to have asomewhat longer wing. The wing of the male measures 285 mm, thatof the three females 270, 281, and 282 mm. The wings of four malesfrom East Africa measure 260, 268, 269, and 270 mm; three females,265, 268, and 270 nmi. These measurements do not agree with KirkeSwann's *'' or Stuart Baker's.^^This kite is probably resident in Trang, and it is known to beresident near Bangkok. If it does not belong to this race, I do notknow where else to place it; it certainly does not belong to the Africanform.Most of the Siamese records of this kite come from Bangkok orvicinity, where Herbert ^^ has found it breeding at Samkok andBang Boon and secured eggs in January, February, July, and August;he concluded that two broods were raised and that a set consisted oftlu-ee or four eggs. *? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 154, 1933. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 102, 1923. * Kunsl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 63, 1913. ? Kungl. Sven,ska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 124, 1916.f Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 579, 1930. ' Ibis. 1933, p. 485. 56 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRobinson and Kloss ^ found it common in the ricefields bordering theupper reaches of the Pakchan Estuary and say that in winter it isfairly abundant in suitable open spaces as far south as Kuala Lumpur.SPILORNIS CHEELA MALAYENSIS SwannSpilornis cheela malayensis Swann, A synoptical list of the Accipitres, pt. 3, p. 83,1920 (Raub, Pahang).One female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 9, 1934; one male, KohLak, June 15, 1933.The following specimens collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott are in theUnited States National Museum: Three males and three females,Trang (Prahmon, April 2-3, 1896; Tycliing, May 26, 1896; Lay SongHong, August 31 and September 3, 1896; Trang, January 13, 1897);one female, Pulo Terutau, Langkawi Group, November 9, 1903; onemale, Endau River, east coast of Johore, June 28, 1901; one immaturefemale, Sungei Bahk, Tenasserim, November 29, 1900.Dr. Abbott's notes follow: Iris bright yellow; bill horny blue atbase, tip black; cere and naked skin about lores and orbits brightamber; feet yellow, claws black. Weight of a female taken at Prah-mon, Trang, 2 pounds; the stomach of the same bird contained theremains of snakes.The male taken by Dr. Smith at Koh Lak is considerably paler belowthan the Trang female that he took. It is molting, and the newfeathers coming in are much darker. The paler bird is regarded as anearlier stage of plumage. Two of Dr. Abbott's Trang male specimensare also pale beneath; also the male from Johore.The wings of four males from Siam measure 400, 355, 392, and393 mm; the single male from Johore 345 mm; the wings of five femalesfrom Siam 390, 395, 405, 370, and 390 mm; the wings of five malesfrom Sumatra measure 325, 330, 341, 350, and 365 mm; three femalesfrom Sumatra 340, 360, and 363 mm.These measurements indicate that the Sumatran bird averagessmaller than that of the mainland. It appears to be also slightlypaler, but not constantly so. The small male from Johore may reallybelong with the Sumatran form, and the bird of the southern MalayStates may be the same as that of Sumatra. The name of this formas restricted by Oberholser ? is Spilornis cheela bassus (J. R. Forster).The range of S. cheela malayensis extends from southwestern Siamand southern Tenasserim through Peninsuhir Siam to the MalayStates. It has been recorded from the Malay Peninsula undervarious names such as Spilornis pallidus, bacha, and rutherjordi. Thesmall pale bird from Johore docs resemble S. pallidus, but this form isconfined to the lowlands of west and north Borneo and the Natuna ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, voJ. 5, p. 103, 1923. ? U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159, p. 20, 1932. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 57Islands. So 1 think it better for the present to consider it a palespecimen of bassus. S. c. malayensis apparently is not an uncommonbird in suitable localities in Peninsular Siam, extending northwardinto southwestern Siam, but how far it goes in this direction is notknown at present.Family FALCONIDAE: Falcons, CaracarasMICROfflERAX FRINGILLARIUS (Drapiez)Falco fringillarius Drapiez, Dictionnaire classique des sciences naturelles, vol. 6,p. 412, pi. 5, 1824 (Indies; Swann >" suggests Malacca, but Hartert " hadpreviously suggested Sumatra).One female, Bangnara, Peninsular Siam, July 7, 1926.The following specimens collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott are in theUnited States National Museum: Three males and one female, Trang,May 24, July 20, and December 17, 1896, and January 3, 1899; onemale, Singapore, May 26, 1899; one male and one female, EndauRiver, east coast of Johore, June 27, 1901; one male, Telok Besar,Tenasserim, February 28, 1904. He gives the color of the soft partsas: Iris dark brown; bill, cere, feet, and claws black.Robinson and Kloss ^^ report this as one of the commonest falconsin Peninsular Siam; Gairdner ^^ reports it from as far north as Ratburiand Petchaburi. It ranges from southern Tenasserim through Pen-insular Siam and the Malay States to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.A comparison of nine males from the Malay Peninsula, eight fromSumatra, and a pair from Borneo shows no constant differences.Five males from the Malay Peninsula and one from Tenasserimmeasure: Wing, 91-103 (96); tail, 50-55 (51.9); culmen, 9-10 (9.7) mm.Four males from Sumatra: Wing, 91.5-102 (96.2); tail, 50-53.5(51.6); culmen, 9.5-10 (9.7) mm.One male from Java: Wing, 89; tail, 49; culmen, 9.5 mm.One male from Borneo: Wing, 92; tail, 51; culmen, 10 mm.Three females from the Malay Peninsula: Wing, 100-104.5 (102.5);tail, 56.5-57 (56.3); culmen, 11 mm.Four females from Sumatra: Wing, 100-105 (102); tail, 51.5-60.5(56.5); culmen, 10.5-11 (10.9) mm.One female from Borneo: Wing, 93; tail, 53; culmen, 11 mm.MICROHIERAX CAERULESCENS BURMANICUS SwannMicrohierax caerulescens burmanicus Swann, A synoptical list of the Accipitres,pt. 4, p. 116, 1920 (Thayetmyo, Burma).One female, Pak Chong, February 4, 1925; one male, Ban Sadet,Sriracha, May 27, 1925; two males. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 26, i? A synopsis of the Accipitres, ed. 2, p. 181, 1922." Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 541, 1902." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 92, 1922. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 151, 1915. 58 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM1925; one male and one female, Meklian, February 6 and 7, 1932;one male, Doi Bata, December 25, 1932; one male, Mae Hong Som,January 7, 1933; one male, Muek Lek, April 26, 1933.Gyldenstolpe ^* reports this falconet rather common in northernand northwestern Siam and apparently rarer in eastern Siam;Deignan ^^ reports it common on Doi Sutep to 3,000 feet, more rarelyto 5,500 feet, and "widely distributed on the plain at Chiengmai inwinter; Chasen and Kloss ^? report it from the Raheng District,western Siam ; de Schauensee " saw several birds entering holes atChiengdao, January 8 ; three were shot and they were all adult females.Three of the females reported upon by Chasen and Kloss from theRaheng District are in the United States National Museum. Oneof the females has the forehead, superciharies, and a small patchbelow the eye rufous; the throat is pure white; an immature plumage.The form is not uncommon evidently over all Siam proper. It rangesfrom Burma and the Shan States south to northern Tenasserim, Siam,and Indo-Cliina. NEOmERAX INSIGNIS CINEREICEPS (Baker)Polihierax insignis cinereiceps Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 47,p. 101, 1927 (Myawadi, Tenasserim).Two females, Doi Angka, December 2, 1928.Gyldenstolpe ^^ reports this hawk taken in northern, southeastern,and eastern Siam; Chasen and Kloss ^^ report it from Raheng Dis-trict, western Siam; Deignan^*' states that it is uncommon on thelowest slopes of Doi Sutep from October to January and commonat all seasons in the barrens near Chawmtawng, to the south ofChiengmai ; Lowe ^^ found a pair nesting 58 miles east of Umpang,February 17.The United States National Museum received a pair of these hawksfrom the Raffles Museum from the Raheng collection reported uponby Chasen and Kloss. The female is in very worn plumage; the maleis a bird of the year, with the nesoptiles still adhering to the feathersof the back. The male has a white collar and the lower parts purewhite with no streaks at all, even on the flanks. This does not agreewith Baker's ^^ description of the immature of the species.The two females from Doi Angka are verj^ dark gray above, tbehead and hindneck russet with fine blackish shaft streaks. The i? Ibis, 1920, 749. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 16.5, 1931.i? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 162, 1928." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 269, 1934.i? Ibis, 1920, p. 749. "Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 161, 1928. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 165, 1931.? Ibis, 1933, p. 484." The fauna of British India. Birds, ed. 2, vol. 5, p. 57, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 59female from Ralieng is similar in the color of the back, but the colorof the head is lighter. It is somewhat faded, as the bird is in very-worn plumage. These northern and western records may belong toNeohierax insignis insignis.N. i. cinereiceps is resident from Tenasserim to Siam and Indo-China. FALCO SEVERUS SEVERUS HorsfieldFalco severus Horsfield, Trans. Limi. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 135, 1821 (Java).One adult male, Pran, April 1, 1931.The only specimens with wliich I have been able to compare theabove specimen are two males and a female from the Philippines anda male from Cochinchina. The latter is immature and may be dis-regarded. The Pliilippine specimens are darker above and belowthan the Siamese male, and in all three of the Pliilippine birds thethroats are washed with orange-cinnamon, while in the Siamese birdtliis region is pure wliite. There is Uttle or no difference in size,however.Gyldenstolpe ^^ says that this falcon is extremely rare in Siam andhitherto recorded only from Bangkok and Koh Lak ; Deignan "* foundit on Doi Sutep at 1,800 feet in June; de Schauensee ^' took a pair atNakon Nayok, November 17, and a male at Chiengmai, December 23.There are apparently no records, however, for Peninsular Siam, whereit will eventually be found. It has a rather wide range, occurringfrom Assam, Tenasserim, and Siam to Indo-China, Java, and thePhilippines. CERCHNEIS TINNUNCULUS SATURATUS (Blyth)Tinnunculus saturatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 28, p. 277, 1859(Tenasserim) . Two females, Bangkok, December 17 and February 19, 1923.The February specimen is lighter than the December one, but it ismore worn and faded.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult female at Kantany, Trang, January17, 1897.This race is a winter visitor to Siam, where it has been recordedfrom Trang, Langkawi, and Koh Lak ; Deignan ^^ says that this birdis uncommon at Chiengmai from October to February, ascending themountain (Doi Sutep) to 3,500 feet. It breeds from Yunnan andthe hills of eastern and central Burma to Tenasserim."It may eventually be found breeding in northern Siam. ? Ibis, 1920, p. 749." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 165, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 2C9, 1934." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hi.st. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 165, 1931." Peters, Check-list of birds of the world, vol. 1, p. 299, 1931. 60 BULLETIlSr 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFamily PHAS IAN IDAE: Quails, Pheasants, PeacocksFKANCOLINUS PINTADEANUS PHAYREI (Blyth)Perdix phayrei Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 101, 1843 (Arracan).One female, Pak Chong, April 28, 1926; one female, Wang Kien,Kanburi, March 12, 1934; two males, Vichienburi, Pasak River,February 26, 1934.This form ranges from Arracan, Pegu, and Manipur to easternBurma, Siam proper. Tonkin, Annam, Cochincnina, lower Laos,Cambodia, and Hainan. Gyldenstolpe ^^ says it occurs tnrougnoutSiam tnougn locally distributed and nowhere common; Deignan ^'reports it uncommon at Chiengmai on the plain and on the lowerslopes of Doi Sutep, once as high as 4,600 feet; de Schauensee ^? tookspecimens at Chiengmai, Bua Yoi, and Sriracha; Gairdner^^ recordsit for Ratburi and Petchaburi, but Robinson and Kloss ^^ are ratherskeptical of its occurrence so far south in this direction; Chasen andKloss ^^ record it from the Raheng district, western Siam, and one ofthe specimens was sent to the United States National Museum. Afemale also was received from C. Boden Kloss, collected at Lat BuaKao, eastern Siam.A larger form, Francolinus pintadeanus pintadeanus (Scopoli),occurs in southern China.RHIZOTHERA LONGIROSTRIS LONGIROSTRIS (Temmjnck)Perdix longirostris Temminck, Histoire naturelle g6n4rale des pigeons et desgaUinac6s, vol. 3, pp. 323, 721, 1815 (Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male of this bird at the Endau River,east coast of Johore, July 15, 1901.He gives the soft parts as: Iris brown; eyelid reddish brown; billblack; feet pale yellowish, claws horny yellow.The form ranges from Sumatra and the Malay States northwardthrough Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim and southwesternSiam, Sumatra, and western Borneo.Herbert ^* was the first to record this bird from Siam, but he gaveno definite locality; later Stuart Baker ^^ examined the specimen andgave the locality as lOong Ban Lai; Robinson and Kloss ^^ secured afemale at Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, and say that it is the secondrecord for Siam; de Schauensee^'' secured a male at Rajburi, which ?? Ibis, 1920, p. 735.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 168, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 276, 1934. ?i Journ. Nat. Hi.st. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 151, 1915.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 17, 1921." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 153, 1923.MJourn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 58, 1916. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol 4, p. 35, 1920.MJourn. Nat. ULst. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 17, 1921.?'Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 276, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 61 extends the range considerably to the northward. This makes only-three records for Siam, but it is probably commoner than the recordsindicate, especially in the southern part of the Peninsula.A related form, Rhizothera longirostris dulitensis Ogilvie-Grant,occurs in northern Borneo.MELANOPERDIX NIGRA NIGRA (Vigors)Crrjptonyx niger Vigors, Zool. Journ., vol. 4, p. 349, 1829 (Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at the Endau River, eastcoast of Johore, June 25, 1901, and another adult male at the Rum-pin River, Pahang, June 24, 1902. "Bill black; iris deep brownishred."These two males are the only specimens from the Malay PenLusulain the United States National Museum, but it has a fair series fromBorneo and Sumatra. Birds from Borneo have been named Melano-perdix nigra borneensis, by Rothschild,^^ but Robinson and Kloss ^*have questioned their distinctness. After examining a series of ninemales from Sumatra, the two males from the Malay Peninsula, andfive males from Borneo, I fail to see any constant differences in thissex. The lighter and somewhat more slaty edges to the feathers ofthe upper side, spoken of by Lord Rothschild as one of the distin-guishing characters of borneensis, are, in my opinion, due to age, astwo of the males in the Bornean series are slightly immature and lackthis feature, while some males in the Sumatran series have it and insome these lighter edges are much reduced.Five females from Sumatra compared with four females from Borneoappear to be darker above and below, especially on the belly, and theform is worthy of recognition on the differences in this sex.There appears to be little or no difference in size between the twoseries.Nine males from Sumatra measure: Wing, 131-143 (137) ; tail, 60-70(64); culmen, 18.5-21 (19.9); depth of upper mandible at base, 9.5-10.5(10) mm.Five males from Borneo: Wing, 132.5-143 (137.3) ; tail, 59-64 (62.6) ; culmen, 18.5-21 (19.7); depth of upper mandible at base, 10-10.5(10.2) mm.The two males from the Malay Peninsula: Wing, 137-140; tail,60-60; culmen, 21-21.5; depth of upper mandible at base, 10-11 mm.Five females from Sumatra: Wing, 135-143 (139.5); tail, 59.5-67(62.6); culmen, 18-20 (18.9); depth of upper mandible at base, 10-10.5(10.2) mm.Four females from Borneo: Wing, 131-144 (137.4); tail, 58-65 (62);culmen, 18.5-20 (19); depth of bill at base, 10-10.5 (10) mm. ?sBull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 38, p. 3, 1917.Mlbis, 1918, p. 592.33527?38 6 62 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMApparently there are no records of Melano'perdix nigra nigra fromSiamese territory. Ogilvie-Grant ^? records it from as far north asthe Province of Wellesley, and Robinson *^ gives the range as the lati-tude of Penang southward through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.It is a lowland bird and will probably eventually be taken in southernPeninsular Siam. As mentioned above, a closely related form occursin Borneo. EXCALFACTORIA CfflNENSIS CfflNENSIS (Linnaeus)Tetrao chinensis Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 277, 1766 (China and thePhilippines; Nanking, China).One female, Bangnara, Patani, May 23, 1924.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male at the Packa River, Trengganu,September 26, 1900.The form ranges from India east to southeastern China, south toTonkin, Annam, Siam, and Peninsular Siam to the Alalay States,Formosa, Hainan, and Ceylon.Deignan ''^ had only one record for Chiengmai, in February; Her-bert's ^^ collector found a nest and four incubated eggs at Samkok(near Bangkok), July 17, and trapped the male and female; Robinsonand lOoss ** report that it occurs in Peninsular and southwestern Siamin suitable localities, especially between Patani and Singora.The size and secretive habits of the birds probably account for themeager records; it is probably much more plentiful than appearancesindicate.The species is divided into a number of forms, ranging from Indiato Australia. ARBOROPmLA RUFOGULARIS TICKELLI (Hume)Arboricola tickelU Hume, The game birds of India, Burmah, and Ceylon, vol. 2,p. 77, 18S0 (Muleyit).One male, Doi Angka, 8,000 feet, December 6, 1928; one male, DoiSutep, 5,600 feet, December 15, 1928; four males and two females,Doi Nangka, April 24 and 27, 1931; one male and one female. PangMeton (Doi Nangka), May 5, 1931; one male, Doi Hua Mot, August17, 1934.The last-mentioned specimen is an immature, much smaller thanthe remainder of the series and differently marked. The chest isspotted sparingly with small white spots; the throat is more heavilyspotted; the spots on the juguhim heavy and almost forming a barbelow the rufous of the throat; black spots in the wing larger, therufous almost lacking, and large huffy patches appear; less white onthe abdomen; wing, 128 mm. "Catalogue of the birds In the British Museum, vol. 22, p. 228. 1893.< Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 1, no. 4, p. 127, 1906.?Joiirn. Siam See. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. IfiS, 1931.?Journ. Slam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 33G, 1926.?Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 19, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 63This form ranges from Tenasserim and southern Shan States tonorthern Siam and southwestern Laos.Deignan *^ reports it as occurring on Doi Sutep from 4,400 feet tothe summit; de Schauensee ^* took a series there on his third trip toSiam.The species has been divided into six related forms, occurring fromnorthern India to the mountains of southern Annam.ARBOROPHILA BRUNNEOPECTUS BRUNNEOPECTUS (BIyth)Arhoricola brunneopectus Blyth (Tickell MS.), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 24,p. 276, 1855 (Tenasserim).One male, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, February 17, 1932; one male, DoiHua Mot, August 26, 1934.This form occurs from Pegu and eastern Burma to Yunnan, northernand western Siam.Williamson *'' reports it from Sai Yok, and Chasen and Kloss *'record it from the Raheng district, western Siam, and three speci-mens from their collection were received by the United States NationalMuseum; de Schauensee " took a male at Cliiengsen, and on his thirdtrip ^ he collected a series at Chiengm.ai and Chiengdao ; Deignan **says it is common on Doi Sutep above 4,600 feet; Gyldenstolpe ^^ givesthe additional record of Doi Vieng Par.Two closely related forms are found in Indo-China.ARBOROPHILA CAMBODIANA DIVERSA RileyArborophila diversa Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 43, p. 189, 1930(Kao Sabab, Cliantabun, southeastern Siam).Two males and three females, Kao Sabap, 3,000 feet, January 8^1930, November 21, 1933.When tliis bird was described, only the description of Arborophilacambodiana Delacour and Jabouille was before me, and I did notrealize that it was as distinct as it really is. Soon after the descrip-tion came out, M. Delacour kindly sent me an advance copy of theplate afterwards published.^' From this plate there are certain dif-ferences apparent ttiat were not emphasized in the original descrip-tion. The plate of A. cambodiana shows the feathers of the lowerthroat only narrowly bordered with black, the basal color predomi-nating, whereas in A. diversa the lower throat is black, the basal colorhardly showing or not at all. The color of the chest and breast is ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 168, 1931.wproc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 275, 1934. *'' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 32, 1918.*? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 154, 1928.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 682, 1930. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 275, 1934. ?1 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 168, 1931." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 156, 1916. ?? Oiseaux I'Indochine Frangaise, vol. 1, pi. 13, 1931. 64 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONiUL MUSEUMquite different. In diversa the chest is russet, wiiile in cambodiana itis more of a hazel; the breast feathers of the latter are described astipped witn chestnut, wnile in the former they are tipped witJti hairbrown. The back is more heavily barred with black in cambodiana.Briefly, while these two forms are similar in color pattern, they differwidely in detail, but as they evidently represent each other in separatemountain areas, it is probably best to treat them as races. A. diversacame from an isolated mountain range v,here little or no collectingiiad been done prior to Dr. Smitli's visits.Briefly, the two subspecies may be summarized as follows:Lower throat black; chest russet; back with narrow black bars diversaLower throat hazel with only narrow black edges to the feathers;chest hazel; back with broad black bars cambodianaThe form was founded upon a single male. Dr. Smitli paid a secondvisit to the mountain about three years later and secured four speci-mens. The second male resembles the type, except that the throatis not so extensively black and the pileum and nape are rather heavilyspotted with black. The females do not differ materially from themales, except that tlie black is more restricted on the lower throat,the pileum more heavily spotted with black, the forehead more of acinnamon-bro%vn, and tlie chest is a little deeper russet.No two of the females are alike. In one, the black on the pileumpredominates over the basic color and the black bars on the upperpartsare more pronounced than in the males. The black barring on theupperparts in the other two females is more like that of the males.In anotiier (no. 333610) the russet of the chest is deep and pronounced,almost hazel; the tawny of the chin extends down and includes thethroat, the black restricted to the lower throat or jugulum.The two males measure: Wing, 141-143; tail, 59-61 ; culmen, 20-20mm. The three females: Wing, 130-132 (131.3); tail, 54-56 (54.7);culmen, 18.5-19 (18.8) mm.The range of the present form is the isolated mountain range insoutlieastern Siam, extending into Cambodia.The related form, Arborophila cambodiana cambodiana Delacourand Jabouille, is known only from the region around Bokor, southernCambodia. TKOPICOPEUUIX CHARLTONI CHARLTONI (Eyton)Perdix charltoni Eyton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 16, p. 230 , 1846(Malacca).One male, Sichol, Bandon, Sei)tember 5, 1929; two males, Kao SolDao, Trang, January 19 and 26, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected six males and two females in Trang (LaySong Hong, December 3, 1896; near Kao Nok Ram, January 2-4,1899; Trang, February 22-25, 1899). He describes the soft parts as: BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE IMALAY PENINSULA 65 Iris dark browTi; bill dark horn brown, greenish beneath at the tip,dull red at base; orbital skin dull red; feet greenish yellow or palegreen. The male from Sichol has the chestnut chest band reducedand lighter in color and the back lighter. There are some other slightdifferences when compared mth Trang females, but these may beindividual.This form occurs from the lower part of the Malay Peninsula norththrough Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim. It has been col-lected from as far north as Maprit and Klong Bang Lai in south-western Siam.^One female from Borneo is much darker above aiid below, withfev/er spots on the throat, than any mainland specimen examined byme and represents the race Tropicoperdix charltoni graydoni (Sharpeand Chubb).A related form, Tropicoperdix charltoni tonkinensis Delacour, occursin northeastern Tonkin and North Annam.TROPICOPERDIX CHLOROPUS OLIVACEA Delacour and JabouilleTropicoperdix chloropus olivacea Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,vol. 48, p. 129, 1928 (Nap6, Laos).One male and one female, Khun Tan, September 1, 1930, February18, 1932; one male, ^.lelang Valley, Decem.ber 31, 1932; one adultmale and one immature male, Hin Lap, December 9, 1931 ; one female,Kao Lem, December 29, 1930; one female, Nong Khor, February 12,1927; one male, Kao Bantad, Krat, December 22, 1929; five males andtwo females, Kao Sabap, November 8-21, 1933; one male and onefemale, Lamton Lang, May 27, 28, 1934. Dr. Smith took three eggsat Muek Lek, April 26, 1933, apparently belonging to this form.They are rounded-ovate, olive-buft', and measure 36 by 29.4, 36 by28.7, and 35.4 by 29.4 mm.The above series of skins agrees fairly well w^ith a topotypical maleof the form.De Schauensee ^^ took three specimens at Chiengsen ; and on histhird trip to the country he collected a pair at Chantabun; he alsoassigns a male from Chiengmai, 4,500 feet, to T. c. chloropus ^^ butthe three specimens from northern Siam (Khun Tan and MelongValley) in Dr. Smith's series do not differ appreciably from south-eastern Siam specimens, and it is my opinion that T. c. chloropus isconfined to the western and southwestern part of the country, as faras Siam is concerned.T. c. olivacea apparently ranges from northern and southeasternSiam to Cambodia and Laos.M Baker, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 35, 1920. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 583, 1930.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 576, 1934. 66 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMA related race, Tropicoperdix chloropus cognacqi Delacoiir andJabouiUe, occurs in Cocliincliina and southern Laos. These authors "also state that it occurs in southeastern Siam, but I know of no speci-mens from there. Two other forms of the species occur in FrenchIndo-China. CALOPERDIX OCULEA OCULEA (Tenuninck)Perdix oculea Temminck, Histoire naturelle g6n6rale des pigeons et des gallinac^s,vol. 3, pp. 408, 732, 1815 (India; restricted by Robinson and Kloss to centralMalay Peninsula ^^).Four males, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 16-20, 1931.Dr. W, L. Abbott collected a male at Lay Song Hong, Trang,October 11, 1896. He describes the soft parts as follows: Bill black,extreme tip pale brown; feet pale green, claws pale bro^vn.Tliis is a southern form confined to the Malay Peninsula fromPahang north to southwestern Siam. Gairdner ^^ reports it from thePetchaburi District, which must be about its northern limit in Siam.One of Dr. Smith's males collected September 16 is a bird of theyear about half the size of the adult. It is in a plumage almostidentical to that of the adult, except for a few minor details.ROLLULUS ROULROUL (Scopoli)Phasianus roulroul Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 93,1786 (Malacca).Three males and two females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 24,1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens in the MalayPeninsula: SLx males and thj-ee females, Trang (Lay Song Hong,August 21-November 27, 1896; near Kao Nok Ram, Januarj^ 6, 1899);one female, Endau River, east coast of Johore, July 16, 1901 ; and onemale, Rumpin River, Pahang, June 12, 1902.Dr. Abbott gives the following notes on the soft parts: Bill black,deep red at base; naked orbital sldn vermilion; feet deep red, clawshorn brown; his brown.One male from Lay Song Hong, Trang, collected September 6(no. 160099) is a bird of the year almost adult. It has alreadyacquired a plumage similar to the adult, except for the forehead andlower parts; the latter has some mouse-gray feathers down the centerof the body from the chin to the vent mixed with the black, some ofthese tipped with green; forehead deep mouse-gray to the posteriorborder of the eye, only blackish around the base of the bill, no wliiteon the crown; red crest much shorter than in the adult. The long,black, hauiike feathers springing from the forehead have appeared. " Oiseaux I'Indochlne Francaisc, vol. 1, p. 274, 1931. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 18, 1921.? Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 151, 1915. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 67The interesting thing about this specnnen is that the immature atone stage of its phunage has the breast mouse-gray with a greenishwash. At this stage the sexes are probably ahke.The range of the species extends from southern Tenasserim souththrough Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Banka,Billiton, and Borneo. Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Tang Pran,Takuatung and Tasan, Pakchan Estuary; Gairdner^^ records it fromRatburi and Petchaburi, which must be its northern limit, or verynear it, in Siam.The species is said to be confined to dense evergreen forests and tobe commoner in the south than in the north of the Malay Peninsula.It is hard to observe but easy to trap.GENNAEUS LINEATUS LINEATUS (Vigors)Phasianus linealus Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc, London, p. 24, 1831 (Straits of Ma-lacca, error).One male and one female, Sam Roi Yot, November 12, 1932.I have no comparable material of this species. The above malehas the white streaks below confined to the sides of the chest. Gaird-ner ^^ reports this pheasant from Ratburi, where he took a set of eighteggs, April 3 ; Gyldenstolpe ^^ took a male at Hat Sanuk and statesit was not uncommon there; Stuart Baker*** assigns specimens fromthe Mepmg Rapids between Chiengmai and Raheng and from nearRaheng to this form; Chasen and Kloss ^^ also refer Raheng specimensto this form ; Lowe ^^ records it from the Um Pang District, Siam, andthe Taok Plateau, Tenasserim; Herbert ^^ under the name G. I. sharpeidescribes three eggs taken by K. G. Gairdner in the Ratburi district,western Siam, May 2. Gates ^^ says this is a form of low elevations,ranging to not over 2,000 feet.Its entire range is too intricate to be given here. It is found inTenasserim as far north as the southern Shan States and in south-western and western Siam, but just where it meets the next form isnot known. GENNAEUS LINEATUS SHARPEI GatesGennaeus sharpei Gates, A manual of the game birds of India, vol. 1, p. 357, 1898(Dargwin, 2,500 feet; Kollidoo, 3,500 feet; and Karen Hills, east of Toungoo,Burma).One male, Meserieng, January 20, 1933.Dr. Smith notes the following colors of the soft parts: "Bill horncolor; face red; lower lid horn color; iris hazel; feet sepia."M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5. p. 19, 1921. ?i Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 151, 1915.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 40, 1914.?' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 156, 1916. ?< Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 47, 1920." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 154, 1928.M Ibis, 1933, p. 488. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vd. 6, p. 336, 1926. ?8 A manual of the game birds of India, 1 1. 1, p. 353, 1898. 68 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe above specimen differs as follows from the male assigned toG. lineatus lineaius: The chest feathers have fine white shaft streaks;the white streaks on the sides of chest are broader and extend downon to the flanks ; above, the fine white Imes appear to be somewhat finer;the unspotted inner web and tip of the middle tail feathers are avel-laneous, not white; the crest is greenish at tip instead of. steely blue.Gjddenstolpe ^^ says that authentic specimens have hitherto beencollected only in the Meh Taw forest. Gates, in the description ofthis form, says that while the ranges of this and G. I. lineatus approacheach other very closely, sharpei occurs at liigher elevations. StuartBaker "? gives the range as the South Shan States, East CentralBurma, and Siam. GENNAEUS LEWISI Delacour and JabouilleGennaeus lewisi Dklacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 48, p. 125,1928 (Bokor, south Cambodia). ? Delacour, Ibis, 1929, p. 202, pi. 5.One male, Kao Kuap, Krat, December 25, 1929; one male and onefemale, Kao Sabap, 3,000 feet, November 13 and 17, 1933.Tliis species finds its nearest ally in Gennaeus annamensis Grant,from south Annam, but the pattern of the back is coarser in leunsi,both the black and white concentric marks to the feathers are broader.To accommodate tliis larger pattern the number of white lines on eachfeather is reduced' in lewisi, and the feathers appear to be larger.Below, in Gennaeus annamensis, the lanceolate feathers on the sidesof the neck and chest are either white or white on the inner web,becoming rather broad white shaft streaks on the flanks; this forms arather broad white line on each side of the black juguhim and chest.In G. lewisi the feathers of the sides of the neck and chest are blackwith narrow white concentric lines, and the flanks have merely whitehair lines along the shafts; in other words, there is no broad white linedown the sides to contrast with the black jugulum and chest.The female G. lewisi differs widely from the same sex of G. anna-mensis. The back in the latter is a snuff brown; the scapulars havevery fine dusky stipphng; the ^\dng coverts are the color of the back;the tail has wavy lines of a lighter color than the basic color and withsome dusky markings; below it is a huffy brown with lighter brownishshafts to the feathers. In the female of G. lewi,si the back is chestnut-brown, each feather tipped with light grayish olive and the shaftwhitish; wing coverts of the closed wing light grayish oliA^e, with whiteshafts contrasting with the reddish-brown flight feathers; tail roodsbrown without markings; lower parts drab with whitish shaft streaks.The figure of the female of G. lewisi in Delacour and Jabouille ^' is ?? Ibis, 1920, p. 738." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 5, p. 331, 1928." Oiseaux I'lndochiue Franjaise, vol. 1, pi. 8, 1931. BIRDS FKv^M SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 69much too red and does not show the contrast between the wing covertsand the flight feathers. There may, however, be considerable varia-tion in the females.The male taken on Kao Kuap was recorded by me.^^ The twofrom Kao Sabap add an additional locality in Siam, though not far off.The white concentric lines to the feathers above in the Kao Kuap maleare somewhat coarser than in the male from Kao Sabap.The range of G. lewisi extends from the mountains of southernCambodia to southeastern Siam.GENNAEUS NYCTHEMERUS RIPPONI SharpeGennaeus ripponi Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 13, p. 29, 1902 (SouthernShan Hills, Burma).One male and one female, Doi Nangka, April 26, 1931 ; two females,Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000 feet, May 15, 1931.The above male agrees with a male from east of Phong Saly, Laos,that I had previously identified as andersoni, but Stuart Baker ^^claims the latter is a hybrid Gennaeus lineatus sharpii. The Laosmale does not exactly agree with the plate of the type of Euplocamusandersoni Elliot ''* in detail, but it is close.The two females from the Khun Tan Mountains are somewhatdifferent from the Doi Nangka female. The black on the crest tip inthe latter comes much farther forward (about even with the eyes) andthe upperparts are considerably lighter. Whether these differencesare due to individual variation I cannot determine with the materialon hand. All the females have bare incubation patches.Gyldenstolpe " saw one on Doi Par Sakerg that he provisionallyassigned to this form, but took no specimens; Stuart Baker ^* assignedspecimens in the Herbert collection from Muek Lek and Pak Chong,eastern Siam to this form; Deignan " found a silver pheasant commonon Doi Sutep from 4,500 feet to the summit; Aagard ^* afterwards tooka pair on this mountain at 4,600 feet; and de Schauensee ^^ recentlytook a small series at Chiengdao and Chiengmai.This form extends from the southern Shan States, Burma, toYunnan, northern and eastern Siam, northern Laos, and northernAnnam. '* Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 154, 1933." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 7, p. 454, 1930. '< Anderson, Anatomical and zoological researches; Comprising an account of the zoological results of twoexpeditions to western Yunnan, pi. ."iS, 1879." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 157, 1916. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 33, 1920." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 108, 1931." Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 232, 1932." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 274, 1934. 70 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMHOUPPIFER ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Raffles)Phasianus erythrophthalmus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 321,1822 (Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females at theRumpin River, Pahang, June 25-July 6, 1902. He describes the softparts in the male as follows: Naked skin on side of head red; billgreenish horny, pale brownish at tip; dark brown over nostrils; feetpale leaden, claws pale brown. Weight, 2}{ pounds in one male.Tlie males in this species are bluish black, vermiculated with wliiteon the upper parts; the rump maroon, the tail cinnamon. The femaleis plain black, including the tail. The two Malay males when com-pared with six males from Sumatra are more finely vermiculated withwhite above. In Borneo a related species occurs, Houppifer pyronotus,of which the male differs from the above in having the chest withwhite shaft streaks and the female purplish black.Robinson *? gives the range as throughout the Malay Peninsulasouth of Kedah to Sumatra. So far as I am aware, Houppifer ery-throphthalmus has not been recorded from Peninsular Siam, but itprobably occurs in the southern part.LOPHURA RUFA (Raffles)Phasianus rufus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 321, 1822(Sumatra) . One male, Sichol, Bandon, May 25, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott secured four males and one female in Trang (LaySong Hong, November 22 and December 8, 1896; near Kao Nok Ram,January 5, 1899; Trang, January 27 and 29, 1897); four males, Ten-asserim (Telok Besar, February 27-March 21, 1904).Dr. Abbott gives the color of the soft parts in the male as: Iris red;bill greenish horny (jade color), nostrils dark; naked parts of headsmaltz blue; feet red; spurs horny w^hite. He gives the weight of twoTrang males as 4 and 4% pounds; of three Tenasserim males, 4%, 5%,and dYi pounds. This seems to indicate that northern birds are larger.Robinson and Kloss *' record it from Nong Kok, Ghirbi, and Tasan,Chimipon ^-; de Schauensee *^ collected a pair at Nakon Sritamarat.The species ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Pen-insular Siam to the Malay States and Sumatra, except the southernpart. Tasan seems to be about as far north as it goes in PeninsularSiam.This is a bird of the dense lowland evergreen forests and is rarelyseen ; very little seems to be known of its habits. ?? Journ. Feilerated Malay States Mus., vol. 1, no. 4, p. 128, 1906. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 89, 1919.?'Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 19, 1921.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelpliia, vol. 86, p. 274, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 71One male from Trang (no. 160092) has the shaft stripes on the flankspartly deep buff and partly white; so the deep buff of these stripesmentioned by Robinson and Kloss ^^ in the immature is probably duoto age. One male (no. 169689) collected by Dr. Abbott in Trang,January 5, has the flank shaft stripes much reduced in width until theyare not much more than hair lines.Dr. Smith's Sichol male specimen has the white flank markingsbroad and distinct and extending in a line across the chest; the chestfeathers are stippled with white; the crest is short.DIARDIGALLUS DIARDI (Bonaparte)Euplocomus diardi Bonaparte, Comptee Rendus Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 43, p. 415,1S56 (no locality given; Cochinchina).Five males, Pak Chong, February 18, 1924, May 15, 1925, November27, 1929, and June 22, 1934; one male and one female, Sikeu, nearKorat, February 21, 1926; one male, Tha Chang, March 21, 1927; onefemale, Lat Bua Kao, July 31, 1929; one female, Hin Lap, December9, 1931; two males, Muek Lek, April 23, 1933; one male, and twofemales, Nong Ivlior, November 18, 1924, and February 7, 11, 1927.Dr. Smith gives the color of the soft parts as: Male?iris red; legsred; female?iris dull red-brown; bill black; legs red.Four eggs were collected at Lamton Lang, Pak Chong, May 25, 1934,and one at Pak Chong, June 22, 1934. They are rounded-ovate, paleochraceous-buff, and measure 48.4 by 40.7, 48.8 by 39.8, 48.2 by 40.2,48.4 by 39.8, and 47.9 by 39.6 mm.This species ranges from southern Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia,and southern Laos to Siam and the Shan States, Burma.Gyldenstolpe ^* records it from the Meli Lem River, northern Siam;Herbert *^ records one set of eight eggs taken April 19 and a partialset of two eggs taken May 2 by his collector at Muek Lek.All Dr. Smith's specimens are from the eastern or the southeasternpart of Siam, and all the records for the country seen by me, exceptthat of Count Gjddenstolpe, are from this region. It must be rare inthe north. GALLUS GALLUS GALLUS (Linnaeus)Phasianus gallus Linnaeus, Systcma naturae, ed. 10, p. 253, 175S (Pulo Coudore,mouth of Mekong).Gallus gallus rohinsoni Rothschild, Nov. Zool., vol. 33, p. 206, 1926 (new name forGallus gallus Grant, nee Linnaeus) (Sumatra).One male and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 20 and 21, 1924;one male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 19, 1934; one female, Pata-lung, July 9, 1929; one male, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, October 9, 1930;one male, Kanburi, April 10, 1928; one male, Tha Chang, January 1,X Kungl. Svouska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 67, 1913." Journ. Siaui Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, 1926, p. 335. 72 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIOX.VL MUSEUM1931; two males and one female, Sam Roi Yot, November 9, 13, 1932;one male, Klionka Valley, January 26, 1933; two eggs, Ban Sadet,June 2, 1895.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Four males and twofemales, Trang (Lay Song Hong, November 30, December 28, 1896);three males, Tenasserim (Bok Pyin, February 16, 1900; Champang,December 13, 1903; and Telok Besar, February 28, 1904). He de-scribes the soft parts as follows: Male?iris orange-red; upper mandibledark horn brown, lower mandible whitish horny, whole bill palebrowTi at base; feet dark slaty, claws dark leaden; weight of two males,2 and 2% pounds.The following specimens from Siam are also in the United StatesNational Museum: One male and one female, Koh Lak, November13, 1916; one male Koh Mesan, off Cape Liant, November 1, 1916;one female, Klong Mennam, January 11, 1915.This race of the jungle fowl ranges from the Malay States norththrough Peninsular Siam to Burma, Siam proper, Yunnan, Cambodia,southern Laos, southern Annam, Cochinchina, Sumatra, the Philip-pines, and Celebes. In suitable locations it is fairly well distributedall over Siam and the islands off the coast.Robinson and lOoss ^^ state that these birds were especially numer-ous at Tasan at the time of their visit and that they were breeding, theset being five to seven eggs. The date is not given, but it was sometime in April, as their trip ended at Hat Sanuk on April 28, after theyhad spent some time at Chumpon and nearly a fortnight at Koh Lak;de Schauensee ^^ collected a series on his third expedition to Siam andthe Shan States and gives a detailed description of the soft parts, toolong to be quoted here.I doubt whether the Philippine and Celebes birds are the same asthe mainland form, but do not here wish to go into the question.A related form, Gallus gallus hankiva Temminck, occurs in Java;Gallus gallus jabouillei Delacour and Kinnear is found in Tonkin, NorthAnnam, and North Laos; and Gallus gallus murghi Robinson andE3oss, occurs in northern India.POLYPLECTRON BICALCARATUM BICALCARATUM (Linnaeus)Pavo bicalcaratum Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 15G, 1758 (China,error; Thoungyah, Burma**).One wing and two tails from natives, Kao Pae Pan Nam, Lom-sak, February 1934.The wing and one tail seem to fit the description of this species.The other tail differs in having the buff spots arranged into irregular ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 22, 1921.s' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 273, 1934.? Lowe, Ibis, 1925, p. 477. BIRDS FRO]\I SIAM AISID THE MALAY PENINSULA 73bars and the ocelli without a biiffy outer ring, possibly an immatureplumage.Robinson and Kloss ^^ refer Gairdner's records from Ratburi andPetchaburi to this form; Gyldenstolpe's ^? record from Kliun Tan maybelong here or it may be P. b. bailyi.The form ranges from Chiltagong, Chin and Kachin Hills, south tonorthern Tenasserim and east to northern Siam, northern Laos, andsouthern Yunnan. There are few records for Siam, probably owingto the secretive habits of the birds.POLYPLECTRON GERMAINI ElliotPolyplectron germaini Elliot, Ibis, 1866, p. 56 (Cochinchina) . One female, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, October 7,1930.This seems to be the first definite record of this fine species fromPeninsular Siam.Delacour and Jabouille ^^ give the range of the species as Cochin-china, south Annam, Cambodia, and a great part of southern Siam.POLYPLECTRON MALACCENSIS (Scopoli)Pkasianus malaccensis Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 93,1786 (Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at the Rumpin River,Pahang, June 26, 1902.He gives the soft parts as: Iris pale blue; naked orbital skin orange;bill blackish, fleshy beneath at base; gape orange; feet slaty. Weight,Iji pounds.Ogilvie-Grant ?^ records it from Patani; August Miiller ^^ from theisland of Puket under the name P. bicalcaratum.The species ranges from southern Tenasserim southward throughPeninsular Siam to the Malay States and Sumatra. It is readilydistinguished by the ocelli of the tail, which are united, or nearly so,along the shaft. PAVO MUTICUS LinnaeusPavo muiicus Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, 1766, p. 272 (Japan, error;Java?i).One male and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 21 and 22,1924; one male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 22, 1934; one immaturewithout label. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 22, 1921.?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 158, 1916." Oiseaus I'lndochine Fran^aise, vol. 1, p. 2J3, 1931.M Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 123, 1905.w Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, p. 80, 1882. ?? Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 638, 1902. 74 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two males and one femalein 1899 in Trang (Kok Sai, January 24; Naldua, March 2); and onefemale, Kamamun River, Trengganu, October 2, 1900,The species ranges from Burma to Siam, and French Indo-China,and down Peninsular Siam to the Malay States and Java. It appar-ently is not uncommon in suitable localites all over Siam proper andPeninsular Siam.Robinson and Kloss's ?^ record of Pavo cristatus from Nong Kok,Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, is evidently a slip of the pen, as it is notmentioned in their later paper, ^'^ARGUSIANUS ARGUS ARGUS (Linnaeus)Phasianus argus Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 272, 1766 (Chinese Tartary;Malacca, as fixed by Hartert ").One adult male, Sichol, Bandon, May 21, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Seven males and sLxfemales in Trang (Lay Song Hong, August 22, December 8, 1896;Kao Soi Dao, 2,000 feet, February 16, 20, 1899); two males and onefemale at Telok Besar, Tenasserim, February 27 and March 16, 1904.Dr. Abbott gives the following on the soft parts (in the males): Irisbrown; head dull blue; bill horny white, yellowish above and bluishabout nostrils; feet red, soles whitish, claws horny white. He givesthe weights of four males from Trang as 4K, 5, 5K, and 5% pounds; oftwo females from Trang as 3 and 3K pounds. The two males fromTenasserim weighed 6 pounds each; the one female, 3% pounds.The range of this bird is from southwestern Siam and southernTenasserim southward through Peninsular Siam to the Malay Statesand Sumatra,Gyldenstolpe ?^ reports flushing one west of Koh Lak; this is aboutas far north in this direction of which there are any records. Farthersouth in the Malay Peninsula it is a common bird in suitable localities.A related form, Argusianus argus grayi (Elliot), occurs in Borneo.Family TURNICIDAE: HemipodesTURNIX TANKI BLANFORDII BIythTurnix hlnnjordii Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc, Bengal, vol. 32, p. SO, 1863 (Burmaand Arrakan; type from Thayetmyo).One male and one female, Bangkok, March 6 and April 4, 1924;one fomnle, Nan, April 13, 1930; one male, Muek Lek, April 16, 1933.The form ranges from southern Ussuriland and Manchuria southover eastern and southern China to Assam, Burma, Siam proper,Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchma, Laos, and Cambodia, ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 89, 1919, ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 23, 1921. ?f Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 538, 1902.w Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad, Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 158, 1916. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 75In northern China this bird is only a summer resident, migratinglate in summer and early in fall farther south. It breeds in Burmaand Siam, however. Herbert ?^ found it breeding at Ban Kliang, cen-tral Siam, in July and August, the clutch consisting of four eggs. DeSchauensee ^ found it veiy common in winter at Chiengmai; Robin-son ^ reports it from Ok Yam on the Franco-Siamese Boundary;Robinson and Kloss ^ collected it at Tasan, Chumpon, PeninsularSiam, and Koh Lak, southwest Siam; the Tasan record is about thelimit of its range in this direction. Otherwise, it seems to be fairlywell distributed over Siam in suitable localities. Probably it is moreplentiful in winter when the resident birds are increased by othersfrom farther north.Turnix tanki tanki Blyth occurs in India.TURNIX SUSCITATOR INTERKUMPENS Robinson and Stnart BakerTurnix suscitator interrumpens Robinson and Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn.Club, vol. 48, p. GO, 1928 (Kossoon, Peninsular Siam).One female, Bangnara, Patani, May 20, 1924; one female, Bukit,Patani, January 23, 1931; one female, Haad Yai, July 12, 1929; onemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 9, 1934; two females, Koh Lak,June 9, 1933; one male, Bangkok, September 12, 1923; three males andfour females. Bung Borapet, July 21, 24, 1932, March 24,30, 1933;two males Mesarieng, January 2^, 23, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and four females in Trang(Tyching, April 25-June 18, 1896; Lay Song Hong, August 20, 1896);and one male on Pulo Langkawi, Langkawi Islands, December 3, 1899.He records the soft parts as: Iris yellowish white or white; bill hornblue, culmen browTiish; feet leaden.The specimens from Koh Lak and eastward average lighter belowand grayer, less rusty above than the Peninsular birds; it is somewhatdoubtful if they should be placed in the same form, but they are beingleft there for the present.The form ranges from Patani, Peninsular Siam, to PeninsularBurma, north to northern, central, and eastern Siam.Chasen and Kloss * record it from the Raheng district, and a malefrom their collection was sent to the United States National Museum.De Schauensee ^ took a series at Chiengmai and a pair at NakonSritamarat. Herbert ' found it breeding near Bangkok, the set con-sisting of four eggs, deposited from June to August. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. SuppL, vol. 6, p. 339, 1920. > Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 276, 1934. ? Ibis, 1915, p. 721. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 24, 1921. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 154, 1928. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 276, 1934. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 337, 1926. 76 BULLETIN 17 2, UIS^ITED STATES NxVTIOKAL MUSEUMTUKNIX SUSCITATOR ATROGULARIS (Eyton)Hemipodius alrogularis Eyton', Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 107 (Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a single female at the Rumpin River,Pahang, June 19, 1902. He records the soft parts as: Iris straw-j^ellow;feet pale leaden.The only noticeable difference between this specimen and theseries of interrumpens is that the black throat patch in the Pahangbird appears to be more extensive.The range of this form is given as the Malay Peninsula from theProvince of Wellesley southward and northern Sumatra.Family GRUIDAE: CranesANTIGONE ANTIGONE SHARPH (Blanford)Grus (Antigone) sharpii Blanford, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 5, p. 7, 1895(Burma).Dr. W. L. Abbott writes that this variety of sarus is common attwo or three places in Trang. None was shot, but they are oftenkept alive by the natives and grow exceedingly tame.Robinson and Kloss ^ state that they observed this form in thericefields near Sawi Bay, south of Cliumpong, in April 1919 ; Gairdner *records it from the Ratburi and Petchaburi Districts. Gyldenstolpe 'states that it is generally distributed over the whole country and thatwliile he was camped at Muang Fang, northwestern Siam, a nativebrought him a light-set egg, which was taken from a nest in the vicinityof the camp ; there was only the one egg in the nest. The egg wasbluish white without any spots. Deignan ^? states that it occurs atChiengmai from December to March; de Schauensee " took a male 10kilometers north of Ban Jong, northern Siam, January 14, and statesthat it is very rare about Chiengmai but common at Chieng Rai andChieng Sen, where the country is more suitable for them.It ranges from eastern Assam and Burma to Siam and Cochinchina.Family RALLIDAE: Rails, Coots, GallinulesHYPOTAENIDIA STRIATA ALBIVENTRIS (Swainson)Rallus albiventris Swainson, Animals in menageries, p. 337, 1838 (India).One male and two females, Bangkok, February 4, 1924, June 3^1926, and February 3, 1929; one male. Bung Borapet, June 27, 1932;one female, Nakon Sritamarat, Peninsular Siam, August 30, 1924, ' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 72, 1921.8 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. vol. 1, pp. 30, 152, 1914-15. ? Kungl. Svcnska Vet.-Akad. llandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 141, 1916.10 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 170, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 583, 1930. BIRDS FROJI SIAM A^S'D THE LIALAY PENINSULA 77Compared with a single female of H. s. gularis of Java, the abovespecimens are larger, with longer, heavier bills. The three femalesmeasm-e: Wing, 123, 122, 120 mm; culmen, 34, 37, 36 mm.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male at Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, onMay 2, 1900. It measures: Wing, 123 mm; culmen, 35 mm. TheBangkok male measures: Wing, 123 mm; culmen, 42 mm. Themale from Bung Borapet: Wing, 128 mm; culmen, 34 mm.A single female from Java {H. s. gularis) measures: Wing, 110 mm;culmen, 32 mm.The series at my command is too small to define the range of thepresent race with certainty, but it extends from India to FrenchIndo-China. In Siam it has been taken at Bangkok or vicinity,Chiengmai, and in the Peninsula, but nowhere commonly.Herbert ^^ found it breeding in central Siam from early in Juneuntil August and occasionally in September; six or seven eggs con-stitute a set. De Schauensee ^^ records four specimens from Paknamunder the name H. s. gularis.RALLINA FASCIATA (Raffles)Rallus fasciatus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 328, 1S22(Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and one female, Tyching,Trang, Julj'^ 3 and 11, 1896. The male was caught on a nest withfive eggs; the female was taken from a nest with six eggs. Both sexesmust incubate.Dr. Abbott gives the colors of the soft parts as follows: Male ? iris vermilion, orbital skin and legs vermilion, claws horny brown;bill black, leaden blue at base. Female?iris in two rings inneryellow-orange, the outer dark red; eyelids red; feet pinkish red,claws dark horny brown; bill leaden, black above.The eggs taken by Dr. Abbott are rounded-ovate, dull white witha slight gloss, and measure as follows: 31.8 by 25, 32.7 by 24.9, 32.6by 24.9, 32 by 24.8, 31.5 by 24.4, 32.8 by 24.3, 31.5 by 24.5, 32.8 by24.8, 32.3 by 24.7, 30.6 by 24.6, and 31.5 by 24.7 mm (the set of sixgiven first). Average of the 11 eggs, 32 by 24.7 mm.Bonhote ^* records it from Patani; Robinson ^^ states that his partyfound it common in the edges of the ricefields at Ban Koh lOap,Bandon, the latter part of June and early in July 1913; later herecords a male taken on Pulo Terutau, November 1, 1913; Robin-son and lOoss ^^ state that this species is highly migratory, thoughnjourn. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. fi, p. 340, 1926." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8.6, p. 277, 1931. '* Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1901, vol. 1, p. 78.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 88, 1915.w Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siaai, vol. 5, p. 41, 1921.3.3527?38 6 78 BULLETIN" 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM whether merely local is not known. At the end of October 1909,after a period of heavy wind and rain, this bird appeared in largenumbers near Alor Star, Kedah; Gyldenstolpe^^ gives the addi-tional locality, Kliun Tan, which seems to be unusually far north forit; the record may belong to the next species.The range of the species is from southern Burma south over theJvlalay Peninsula to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippine Islandsand southward to the Moluccas; Pelew Islands. Possibly only awinter visitor in the southern part of its range.RALLINA NIGROLINEATA (G. R. Gray)Zapornia nigrolineala G. R. Ghay, Catalogue of the specimens and drawings ofMammalia and birds of Nepal and Thibet. . . , p. 143, 1846. ? Hodgson, inGray's Zool. Misc., no. 3, p. 86, 1844 (Nepal; nomen nudum).Rallus superciliaris Eyton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 16, p. 230, 1845(Malay Peninsula); not Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. 28, p.565, 1819.Porzana amauroptera Jerdoist, The birds of India, vol. 3, p. 725, 1864 (northernIndia).Dr. Abbott took a male near the base of Kao Num Plu, Trang,March 9, 1897.He records the color of the soft parts as follows: Iris orange; billblue-black, leaden blue beneath; feet dark leaden.This species differs from R.fasciaia in having the white spots on theouter webs of the outer primaries reduced to two toward the base andonly one or two wliite spots on the outer web of the outer primarycovert, and the other wing coverts outwardly unspotted; the backolive-brown rather than rood brown. R. Jasciata has the outer webof the primaries barred with white or light buff to near the tip, and allthe wing coverts, except the lesser, barred blacldsh and white. R.Jasciata has a smaller wing and shorter bill; wing in two specimens,122-122.5 mm; culmen, 22-23 mm. In the single male of R. nigro-lineata listed above, the wing measures 141 mm and the culmen29 mm.There is a female in the United States National Museum collectedby Dr. W. L. Abbott at the Mandau River, East Sumatra, December1, 1906, that differs from the Trang male as follows: The pileum is thesame color as the back (prouts brown); the cheeks a much lighterbrown; a supraloral streak to the middle of the eye above, hazel;foreneck and upper chest saccardos umber, with tawny centers tofeathers showing through; lower chest with a broad band of tawnyjust above the black and white bars of the breast; there are no whitebars on the inner webs of the primaries, except at the extreme base.This is probably changing from the immature to adult plumage. ?' Ibis, 1920, p. 763. BIRDS FROM SIAM AKD THE MALAY PENINSULA 79Wing, 138.5 mm; culmen, 25.5 mm. Robinson and Kloss ^^ record amale from Langkawi, taken February 1909; Robinson ^^ collected thesame sex from Ok Yam, on the Franco-Siamese boundary, January 3,1915; Robinson and lOoss,^" under the name Rallina fasciata, recorda female from Pulo Sireh, east side of Junkseylon (Fuket), February 13,1918, and later ^' one from Tasan, Chumporn; Rodgers and Deignan^^record a female from Doi Angka, 4,500 feet, April 14, 1931.This rail breeds from northwestern India east to Annam andBurma and migrates south in winter to Ceylon, Siam, northernAnnam, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra. Little is known of itsbreeding range. Robinson and Kloss say it is migratory in thePeninsula ; possibly it may breed in northern Siam.POEZANA PUSILLA PUSILLA (Pallas)Rallus pusillus Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischeaReichs, vol. 3, p. 700, 1776 (Dauria).Two males, Bangkok, March 28, 1927, and December 22, 1928.This little crake breeds in northeast Siberia, northern China, andas far south as Kashmir, wintering in Indo-China, Siam, Java, Borneo,and the Philippines.In Siam it is only a winter resident, and there are but few records ofits occurrence. It has been recorded from Bangkok, Minburi (east-northeast of Bangkok), and Me Klong (near Bangkok) ; Deignan -^ hasrecorded three from the Chiengmai region; in Peninsular Siam it hasbeen recorded only from Patalung but probably occurs in suitableplaces elsewhere. LIMNOBAENUS PAYKULLII (Ljungh)Rallus paykullii Ljungh, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 34, p. 259,1813 (near Banjarmassing, Borneo, and near Batavia, Java; type fromBorneo in Nat. Hist. Mus. Stockholm).One male, Bangkok, Siam, November 3, 1924.This species breeds in eastern Siberia and China and migrates to theMalay Peninsula, Borneo, and Java. I know of no other record forSiam. AMAURORNIS PHOENICURA CHINENSIS (Boddacrt)Fulica chinensis Boddaert, Table des planches enlumin^ez d'histoire naturelle,p. 54, 1783 (Hongkong).One male and one female, Bangkok, February 6 and October 1,1924; one male, Koh Chang, January 10, 1926; one male. Nan, April13, 1930; one female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 21, 1930; one imma-I'lbis, 1911, p. 10, '? Ibis, 191.5, p. 725. *o Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 91, 1919.? Ibis, 1921, p. 40.? Proc. Hiol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, p. 92, 1934.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 81, 1936. 80 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMture male still in down but with feather tracts showing on the lowerparts, Ban Sadet, Sriracha, June 1, 1925; one male and one female,Bung Borapet, June 21 and 29, 1932; one female, Muang Pai, Decem-ber 28, 1932. Not uncommon in suitable localities throughout thewhole country and evidently resident.There are three specimens (one male and two females) collected byDr. W. L. Abbott in Trang, January 4 and February 9, 1897, andJanuary 4, 1899, and one male from Telok Besar, Tenasserim, Novem-ber 26, 1900.The male from Trang is without any white frontal band andevidently is a bird of the preceding breeding season. Some specimenslack the black or sooty border on the sides of the neck and flanks.This is an age character, I believe, as the male without the whitefrontal band is also without the black neck border. Just how long ittakes the birds to assume the fully adult plumage, I do not know.Herbert^* found it breeding at Mahachai, Ban Yang, and ChiengrakNoi; he found one nest on July 19 and others during August; the setconsisted of from three to five eggs.The form ranges from the greater part of India east to Assam,Burma, southern China, Indo-China, Siam, and south through Penin-sular Siam to Malacca.GALLICREX CINEREA (Ginelin)Fulica cinerea Gmklin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 702, 1789 (China).Three males and one female, Bangkok, August 6, September 10,October 1, and October 19, 1924; one male, Nong Mong Muang,Krabin, August 30, 1925.This species probably occurs all over Siam in suitable localities andthroughout the Peninsula. It has been recorded from Patelung andPatani, Peninsular Siam; Ratburi, southwestern Siam; Bangkok,central Siam; and Chiengmai, northern Siam. Herbert ^^ found itbreeding in central Siam from the middle of June to mid-September andstates that the usual set consists of four eggs. Deignan ^^ reports itcommon at Chiengmai from March until September. This wouldindicate that it was migratory in north Siam as it is in China.The species is of wide distribution being found from Ceylon, India,and Burma to southern and eastern China, Indo-China, Siam, southto the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines,and Celebes. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 346. 192'?. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 3-12, 1926.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Ilist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 169, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 81GALLINULA CHLOROPUS INDICUS BIythGallinula chloropusl var. indicus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, p. 887,1842 (Calcutta, Bengal).Two males, Potaram, February 6 and 7, 192G; 12 males and 7females, Bung Borapet, June 23, 1932, March 23-28, 1933; one male,Bung Tabgrit, March 27, 1933; one male, Koh Lak, June 15, 1933.This form of gallinule probably occurs all over Siam proper.Deignan ^^ states that at Chiengmai it occurs locally from Decemberto March; tliis would indicate that it is only a winter visitor there,and evidently farther south the resident birds are augmented in thecold season by an influx from the north. De Schauensee ^^ took a maleat Meldong, April 4.The form ranges from Kashmir and southern Tibet to southernIndia, Ceylon, Burma, southern and eastern China, Japan, Indo-China, and Siam.PORPHYRIO POLIOCEPHALUS POLIOCEPHALUS (Latham)Gallinula poliocephala Latham, Index ornithologicus, Suppl., p. Ixvlii, 1801(India).One male. Bang Than, August 11, 1923; two males and two females.Bung Borapet, June 25, 27, 1932, March 23 and 28, 1933.The four specimens from Bung Borapet are fairly uniform in havingthe wings a more or less uniform motmot blue, while the male fromBang Than has the wing blackish with a bluish green wash and thelesser wing coverts lighter and brighter, approaching the color of thechest, which is near China blue as in viridis; the back is dark purplishblue, however. Both viridis and poliocephalus evidently occur togetherduring the breeding season.Chasen and Kloss ^^ record it from the Kaheng District, and thefemale from this collection is now in the United States NationalMuseum; Deignan ^? reports it common during the rains on the greatmarshes between Chiengmai and Lampoon; Gairdner's ^^ records forthe Ratburi and Petchaburi Districts are open to doubt ;Gyldenstolpe^*shot a male at Chieng Hai; Herbert's ^^ description of the eggs fromHua Takliae taken July 15, is open to doubt unless the parent wastaken.This form ranges from Ceylon to India, Burma, Tenasserim, andnorthern and central Siam. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 169, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 578, 1928.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. l.'JS, 1928."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 109, 1931." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 31, 152, 1914-15." Kungl. Svenslca Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 149, 1916.33 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol 6, p. 343, 1926. 82 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPORPHYRIO VIRIDIS BcgbiePorphyrio viridis Begbie, The Malay Peninsula, p. 515, 1834 (Malacca).Porphyria edwardsi Elliott, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 1, p. 98, 1878(Cochinchina, Saigon, Bangkok).One female, Bang Than, August 11, 1923; one male, Potaram,February 7, 1926; four males and two females. Bung Borapet, June20-30, 1932.All these specimens have more or less greenish-black backs andwings, while the blue of the foreneck and chest is near China blue.The specimens identified as Porphyrio poliocephalus poliocephalus havebacks of a dark purplish blue, wings motmot blue, and foreneck andchest alice blue except in one specimen. As both P. p. poliocephalusand P. viridis were taken at the same locality in the breeding season,I am giving the latter the status of a species.The range of this species is a little uncertain. It was describedfrom Malacca and is supposed to range up the Malay Peninsula, butI know of no records for Peninsular Siam north of the Malay States.It occurs in central Siam and ranges east to Cambodia, Laos, andAnnam. It seems to be the commoner species of the two found inSiam from central Siam eastward.Family HELIORNITHIDAE: Sun-grebesHELIOPAIS PERSONATA (Gray)Podica personata Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1848, p. 90 (Malacca).One male, Pran, southwest Siam, June 5, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a female at Maliwun, Tenasserim, onMarch 18, 1900. He gives the color of the soft parts as: Bill yellowishbrown above ; feet green, edges of w^ebs yellow, claws pale horn-brown.Bonhote ^* records a female from Biserat, Jalor, Patani; Robinson ^'records a male from Koh Pangan (Pennan) and states that it is widelydistributed throughout the Malay Peninsula in varied situations fromsluggish mangrove creeks to rapid mountain streams but that it isnowhere common. Williamson ^^ records it from Muang Klilung,Chantabun; Vijjakich " obtained a specimen in a small, shallowmarsh about 15 miles along the Lampang-Chiengrai road, probably thefirst record for northern Siam.The species ranges from Assam, Bengal, and Burma south throughSiam and the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra; it has been taken also inCambodia.M Proc. Zool. Soc. Lomlon, 1901, vol. 1, p. 79. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 141, 1915." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 32, 1918. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 330, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 83Family JACANIDAE: JacanasHYDROPHASIANUS CHIRURGUS (Scopoli)Tringa chirurgus Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 92, 178&(Philippines).One immature male, Klong Rangsit, October 8, 1924 ; three immaturefemales, Potaram, February 5, 1926, and January 23, 1927; one imma-ture male. Bung Borapet, March 26, 1933; one immature female, KohChang, December 22, 1925.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an immature male on Singapore Island^May 16, 1899.This species is not uncommon in suitable localities in central andwestern Siam ^^; Robinson and Kloss ^^ say that in the Malay Peniu'sula it is widely distributed, but extremely rare; Deignan*? reports itcommon at Chiengmai except during the driest months. The birdseems to occur all over Siam in suitable localities.The species is found from Ceylon north through India and Burmato northern China and south tlirough Siam and the Indo-Chinese-countries to the Philippines.METOPIDIUS INDICUS (Latham)Parra indica Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 2, p. 765, 1790 (India).Three adult males, tv/o im^mature males, and seven adult females,Potaram, February 4-6, 1926, and January 23, 1927; one immaturemale, two adult females, and one immature female, Bangkok, March29, 1924, and March 6, 1927; four adult males and five adult females,Bung Borapet, June 20-23, 1932, and March 23, 1933. One female(June 22) from Bung Borapet still retains a few white featiiers on thechest,Gyldenstolpe ^' records it from Chieng Hai and states that it iscommon in the swamps of Central Siam and that a nest and five fresheggs were found at Nong Meh Lua on August 7, 1914; Herbert*^reports it from Hua Takhae and Ban Laing, Central Siam, where threesets of eggs were collected on July 1, 28, and September 11; four eggsseem to constitute a set. Deignan *^ found it resident at Chiengmai.It is rather common in suitable localities throughout the wholecountry.The species ranges from India and Burma, east to Siam and southernIndo-China, and south through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra andJava. ? Gyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 705. 'e Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 58, 1921.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 170. 1931.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 142, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 345, 1926.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 170, 1931. 84 BULLETIlSr 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFamily ROSTRATULIDAE: Painted-snipeROSTRATULA BENGHALENSIS BENGHALENSIS (Linnaeus)Ralliis benghalensis Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 153, 1758 (Bengal).One male and one female, Bangkok, October 23, 1926, and February22, 1927.This bird is reported to be a common resident throughout Siam andin the Malay Peninsula. Deignan ^ reports it resident throughoutthe year at Chiengmai but common only during the rains. In thecold weather he has found as many as ten under a bush a quarter of amile from any water. Forty ^^ found four young a few days old nearBangkok on September 22; in the vicinity of Bangkok, Herbert**found a nest and four eggs on July 6, a nest and four eggs on August11, young nearly fully fledged on September 18, and young fullyfledged on October 3 ; later *' he reports that sets of eggs were receivedin May, June, July, and August and that four eggs constitute a set.Robinson and Kloss *^ state that in the Malay Peninsula it is afairly common species.The species ranges from Asia Minor through Persia to southernand eastern China and Japan, south to Indo-China, India, Philippines,Sumatra, Java, and Borneo; also Africa, south of the Sahara.Family CHARADRIIDAE: Plovers, Turnstones, SurfbirdsLOBIVANELLUS INDICUS ATRONUCHALIS BIythLobivanellus atronuchalis Blyth, in Jerdon, The birds of India, vol. 3, p. 648,1864 (Burma).One male, two females, and one unsexed, Koh Chang, January 8and 12, 1926; two males and two females, Pak Chong, eastern Siam,February 4 and May 7, 1925; April 29 and May 9, 1926; one maleand one female, Muang Kanburi, April 14, 1918; one male, SamRoi Yot, November 14, 1932.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male and female at Prahmon, Trang,March 10, 1896; a female with three eggs at Trang, February 24,1899; a male on Pulo Langkawa, December 4, 1899; and a male andfemale in Tenasserim (Tanjong Badak, November 25, 1900; BoycesPoint, February 16, 1904). He gives the soft parts as: Iris deep redor dark orange; wattles, orbital skin, and basal part of bill red, tipblack; feet j^ellow with a tinge of greenish, claws black.Robinson *^ records it from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan andlater ^? from Pulo Tenitau; Herbert ^^ states that in Central Siam <* Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 170, 1931. Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 82, 1936. ?3 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 171, 1931. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 142, 1915.?5 Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 56, p. 144, 1916.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 139, 1917." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 03, 1921. 88 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe form breeds in the Kirghiz Steppes, Ladak, and Tibet, migrat-ing south in winter to Persia, India, Siam, Malay Peninsula, SundaIslands, and eastern Africa.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Pulo Terutau, December;Robinson ^^ from Koh Pennan, June ; and Robinson and Kloss ^? fromKoh Lak. CHARADRIUS MONGOLUS MONGOLUS PallasCharadrius mongolus Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReichs, vol. 3, p. 700, 1776 (Mongolia).One female, Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 9, 1926.Wliile breeding specimens of C. mongolus and C. atrijrons are per-fectly distinct and easily differentiated, the nonbreeding birds areextremely difficult. C. mongolus has a shorter tarsus; otherwise Iknow of no certain way to separate the two forms in nonbreedingplumage. The tarsi in 10 specimens of C. mongolus, measure 28.5-31(29.8) mm; in six birds in breeding plumage of C. atrijrons, 32.5-34.5(33.1) mm.There are few authentic records of C. mongolus from Siam; themigration route is more to the eastward. Most of the records ofC. m. mongolus from Siam and the Malay Peninsula are probablyC. TO. atrifrons.Charadrius m. mongolus breeds from eastern Siberia west toMongolia and migrates south late in summer to Japan, easternChina, the Philippines, Celebes, New Guinea, and Australia.PAGOA LESCHENAULTII (Lesson)Charadrius leschenaullii Lesson, Diet. Sci. Nat. (Levrault), vol. 13, p. 36, 1826(Pondicherry, India).One female, Koh Chang, January 9, 1926; one male and one female,Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 9, 1926; one male, Sriracha, February 4,1927; four females, Sam Roi Yot, November 8-10, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a pair at Prahmon, Trang, March 24,1896, and a pair on Pulo Langkawi, December 6, 1899; also a femaleon Loughborough Island, Mergui Archipelago, January 26, 1900.In Peninsular Siam it has been recorded from Koh Lak and theisland of Puket. Robinson and Kloss ^^ say it occurs sparinglythroughout the Malay Peninsula.The species breeds in the Ku-ghiz Steppes and northwestern Alon-golia and winters as far south as Australia, the Solomon Islands, andSouth Africa. ?e Ibis, 1911, p. 12. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. H2, 1915." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 61, 1921. '" Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 01, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 89Family SCOLOPACIDAE: Snipes, Woodcocks, SandpipersNUMENIUS ARQUATA ORIENTALIS C. L. BrehmNumenius orientalis C. L. Brehm, Plandbuch der Naturgeschichte alien VogelDeutsclilands, p. 610, 1S31 (East Indies).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males in Trang (Prahmon, March21, 1896; mouth of the Plian River, December 24, 1898); one male,Kissering Island, Mergiii Archipelago, February 5, 1904; one female,Tanjong Badak, Tenasserim, November 25, 1900; and one male,Boyces Point, Tenasserim, February 12, 1904.This form breeds in the Baical region and Dauria and probablywestward, migrating late in summer to eastern Africa, India, Burma,Indo-China, and the Malay Archipelago.Robinson and Kloss '^ state that it is numerous on the coasts of theMalay Peninsula in the winter months; Gyldenstolpe ^^ observed onlya few specimens during his stay in Siamese Malaya, November 1914to February 1915.NUMENIUS PHAEOPUS VAHIEGATUS (Scopoli)Tanlalus varicgatus Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 92,1786 (no locality-Luzon).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two females at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim,February 16, 1900; and one female at Sir William James Island,Mergui Archipelago, December 29, 1903.This form breeds in eastern Siberia and migrates south in the fallas far as New Guinea, Australia, and the Pacific islands as far eastas the Marianne Islands.Robinson and Kloss "* report it common in the Malay Peninsula inthe winter months; Gyldenstolpe^^ observed great numbers on thecoast of the Gulf of Siam.TOTANUS TOTANUS EURHINUS OberholserTotanus totanus eurhinus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 207,1900 (Lake Tsonioriri. Ladak).One male, Meklong, April 12, 1926; one male, Bangkok, June 3,1926; one female, Nakon Sritamarat, September 27, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a female at Prahmon, Trang, March 7,1896.This form breeds in the high mountains of western China, Tibet,and India, and probably of the Altai, and migrates in fall to India,Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Sunda Islands,and Celebes. " Ibis, 1911, p. 12.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 145, 191G.' Ibis, 1911, p. 12." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 09, 1913. 90 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRobinson and Kloss ^^ report it common along the coasts of theMalay Peninsula in the winter months; Gyldenstolpe " found itabundant at the mouth of the Menam Chao Phya, along the Gulf ofSiam, and at Tha Law; later ^^ he states that it is a common wintervisitor to Central and Lower Siajn ; Robinson ^^ records it from KlongYai, southeastern Siam, January 5; and later ^? collected a male fromLangkawi, December 11, and states that it was common on KohMuk in January. TOTANUS STAGNATILIS BechsteinTolanus slagnatilis Bechstein, Ornithologisches Taschenbuch . . ., vol. 2, p. 292'IS03 (Germany).Three females, Meldong, April 12, 1926.Williamson *' records one taken by Aagaard at Bang Boon, nearBangkok, March 17, 1912; later he took it at Tachinand Bangplasoi,near Bangkok, March 1917.The species breeds from southeastern Europe across Asia to LakeBaical and migrates to Africa, . India, Siam, Indo-China, and theSunda Islands to Australia.GLOTTIS NEBULARIUS (Gunnerus)Scolo'pax nebularia Gunnerus, in Leem's Beskrivelse over Finmarkens Lapper . . .,p. 251, 1767 (Lappland).One male and one female, Meklong, April 12, 1926; one female,Bangkok, January 30, 1927.Dr. W. L. Abbott secured a single male on Kissering Island, MerguiArchipelago, February 2, 1904.This species breeds in northern Europe and Asia and migrates toAfrica, southern Asia, the Philippine and Sunda Islands to Australia.Robinson and Kloss *^ report the greenshank very common on thewestern coast of the Peninsula but probably rarer on the eastern side;Gyldenstolpe ^^ saw a small flock at Tha Law, April 2, and found itnumerous along the coast of the Gulf of Siam by the end of April;Robinson and Kloss ** record it from Kuala Kedah and Pulo Terutauin November and December; Robinson ^^ records it from Klong Yai,southeastern Siam, January 5; and later *^ from Koh Muk, Trang,January 4; de Schauensee ^^ took a single female at Chiengrai, Jan- " Ibis, 1911, p. 12." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 70, 1913. '? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl,, vol. 56, no. 2, p. 145, 1910. '? Ihis. 1915, p. 725.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, 1917, p. 140. *' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 62, 1910.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 60, 1921.a Kungl. Svenska Vot.-Akad. Handl.. vol. 50, no. 8, p. 70, 1913.M Ibis, 1911, p. 13.M Ibis, 1915, p. 726.M Journ. Federated Maiay States Mu.s., vol. 7, p. 140, 1917." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 585, 1930. BIRDS FROM SIAJVI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 91 uary 6 ; Deignan ^^ had only one record for the Chiengmai region, asingle specimen at Nawng Haw in October, but later he secured twoadditional specimens, in September.^^ It is not an uncommon wintervisitor to Siam ; it is probably more numerous in migration and moreabundant in the south. TRINGA OCHROPrS LinnaeusTringa ochropus Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 149, 1758 (Sweden).One male, Nakon Sritamarat, March 13, 1929.The green sandpiper is a common winter visitor to every part ofSiam ^?; in Peninsular Siam, apparently, it is not so common, and Ihave seen no previous record.The species breeds in northern Europe and Asia and winters to-the southward. RHYACOPHILUS GLAREOLA (Linnaeus)Tringa glareola Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 149, 1758 (Sweden).Seven males and three females, Bangkok, March 2, September 17,^October 26, and December 26, 1925, October 23, and November 4,1926; one male and one female, Potaram, February 4, 1926; two males,,Kao Seming, Krat, October 11, 1928; one female. Ban Ho Kam,^February 28, 1929; one female. Nan, April 13, 1930; one male, twofemales, and one unsexed, Sam Roi Yot, November 11, 1932; twofemales. Bung Borapet, March 21 and 30, 1933.There is a male in the United States National Museum collected byDr. W. L. Abbott at Lay Song Hong, Trang, December 25, 1896.Judged from the number of specimens of the wood sandpiper con-tained in collections from eastern Asia, it must be the commonestmigrant wader in the East. It breeds in northern Europe and Asiaand migrates south in the fall to Africa, India, southeastern Asia^the Malay Archipelago, and Australia.Gyldenstolpe '^^ in recording it from Koh Lak says that it is verycommon in winter over the whole country ; Deignan ^^ reports itabundant at Chiengmai from July to March. Evidently it is acommon winter visitor and migrant throughout Siam.ACTITIS HYPOLEUCOS (Linnaeus)Tringa hypoleucos Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 149, 1758 (Sweden).One female, Bangkok, October 28, 1925; one male and one female,Nakon Sritamarat, October 7, 1926; one male, Tha Lo, Bandon^September 24, 1931; one female, Koh Tao, September 25, 1928; onemale, Nan, April 13, 1930. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 172, 1931." Joum. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 84, 1036. ?? Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 2, p. 145, 1916.? Kungl. Sveuska Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 140, 1916. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 173, 1931. 92 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDr. W. L. Abbott collected a male at Lay Song Hong, Trang,October 3, 1896; and a female on Pulo Langkawi, December 2, 1899.Robinson and Kloss^^ state that this sandpiper is found in the MalayPenmsula throughout the year, the summer residents probably beingsterile. Deignan '*'* gives it as common at Chiengmai from Septemberto April.Next to the wood sandpiper tliis is probably the commonest migrantsandpiper occurring in Siam. It breeds throughout temperate Europeand Asia, migrating late in summer to Africa and southern Asia andsouth through the Philippines and the Sunda Islands to Australia.LIMNODKOMUS SEMIPALMATUS (BIylh)Macrorhamphus semipalmatus Bltth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 17, p. 252,1848 (Calcutta).Micropalama taczanowskia Verreaux, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1860, p. 20G, pi. 14(Dauria).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on Pulo Adang, Butang Islands,December 15, 1899.This dowitcher is a very rare bird in collections. Williamson ?^records a male shot by Aagaard at the mouth of the Lacon River,Nakon Sritamarat, September 1, 1911; Robinson and Kloss ^^ saythey have a specimen taken in the Dindings by Williamson's collector.It is known to breed from western Siberia east to Transbaikalia andcentral Mongolia, migrating to northern India, Burma, Cliina, Siam,and Indo-China. CAPELLA STENURA (Kuhl)Scolopax sienura Kuhl, in Bonaparte, Ann. Storia Nat. Bologna, vol. 4, p. 3351830 (Sunda Islands).Three males and four females, Bangkok, September 12 and 17,and November 8, 1925, and November 2 and 3, 1926; two males andtwo females, Koh Chang, January 4 and 7, 1926; four males and onefemale, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, southeast Siam March 20 and 24,1926; four females, Kao Seming, Krat, October 12 and 15, 1928; onemale, Bung Borapet, March 22, 1933.The follo^^dng specimens of this snipe collected by Dr. W. L. Abbottin the Malay Peninsula or vicinity are in the United States NationalMuseum: Four males and three females, Trang (Prahmon, March 16,1896; Lay Song Hong, October 26-December 23, 1896; Chong,January 22, 1897; Trang, February 12, 1897); two males and threefemales, Pulo Langkawi, December 1-6, 1899; one female, TanjongBadak, Tenasserim, March 25, 1904. "Ibis, lyu, p. 13. ?< Journ. Siiira Soc. Nat. nist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 172, 1931. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siani, vol. 2, p. 62, 1916. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 64, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 93This is a very common winter visitor to Siam, arriving in Augustand leaving in April, according to Forty ^^; Deignan ^^ confirms thesedates for Chiengmai; Ogilvie-Grant,^? on the authority of Robinson,states that it arrived in Patani the second week of September; Robin-son ^ records it from Langkawi, February 10 to April 25, the latter alate date.This species breeds in eastern Siberia and migrates to India, southernChina, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Pensinula, Philippines, and theGreater Sunda Islands.CAPELLA GALLINAGO RADDEI (Buturlln)Scolopax {Gallinago) gallinago raddei Buturlin, Limicolae of the Russian Empire,pt. 1, p. 54, 1902 (East Siberia).One male and one female, Bangkok, November 2 and 3, 1926; twomales and one female, Nong Preng, January 29, 1927; two males andfour females, Potaram, February 7, 1926, and January 23, 1927; twomales, Bandon, January 9, 1927.Several in the above series have molted the outer tail feathers;in this condition they are difficult to distinguish from C. stenura. Thelatter has the under wing coverts more heavily barred with blackand the black bars on the axillaries broader.Gyldenstolpe ^ states that this form is fairly common during thewinter but not so common as C. stejiura. Forty ^ says that it arrivesat Bangkok in September and departs in the first half of March orsomewhat later; Deignan* states that at Cliiengmai it is commonfrom September to March. There is a specimen from the island ofSalanga (Puket) in the Hume collection.*The form breeds in eastern Siberia and migrates to India, Siam,Indo-China, the Philippines, and the Greater Sunda Islands.SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA RUSTICOLA LinnaeusScolopax rusiicola Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 146, 1758 (Sweden).One female, Nong Khor, southeastern Siam, February 5, 1927;one female, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, February 15, 1932.Deignan ** reports this as an uncommon winter visitor on the plainat Chiengmai. Gyldenstolpe ^ says that the woodcock has been metwith a few times in northern and central Siam during the winter time;Robinson and lOoss ^ state that W. J. F. Williamson informed them ?' Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 137, 1923." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 172, 1931,?? Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 117, 1905. ' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 141, 1917. > Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 147, 1916. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p 137, 1923. < Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl,, vol. 8, p. 172, 1931. ? Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 24, p. 641, 1896. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 172, 1931. ' Ibis, 1920, p. 762. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, 1921, p. 69.33527?38 7 94 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMthat the woodcock is fairly common in northern Siam in the wintermonths and that it is regularly obtained by sportsmen from nearChiengmai down to Ralieng, between October and March.The woodcock breeds in northern Europe and Asia and migrates toAfrica and southern Asia (India, Siam, southern China, and Indo-China). ANTELIOTRINGA TENUIROSTRIS (Horsfield)Totanus tenuirostris Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 192, 1821(Java) . Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at Prahmon, Trang,March 21, 1896. He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; billblack; feet dull olive-brown, claws black.Robinson and Kloss ^ state that they have only four specimens fromthe Malay Peninsula where it is a rare bird. Williamson ^? found thisspecies in considerable numbers at Lat Yai, near Meldong, CentralSiam, in February 1918.The species breeds probably in northern Siberia and migrates southlate in summer through China, Japan, India, Siam, the Malay States,Java, the Philippines, etc., to Australia. Its rarity is probably moreapparent than real. PISOBIA RUFICOLLIS (Pallas)Trynga ruficollis Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReichs, vol. 3, p. 700, 1776 (Siberia).Six males and one female, Nakon Sritamarat, September 28 and 29,1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male at Prahmon, Trang, March24, 1896.While Pisobia minuta and Pisobia ruficollis in breeding plumageare quite distinct and easily differentiated, specimens of the twospecies in winter plumage are extremely hard to discrimmate. Iknow of no absolute characters to tell the two apart in the cold season.There are certain average characters, but they are not absolutelycertain. Specimens in winter plumage should be compared carefullywith authentic specimens of the two species, as there are certain slightdifferences that are hard to convey in words. The wing in ruficollisaverages slightly longer, the tarsus shorter, and the bill shorter andheavier. Six specimens of ruficollis measure: Wing, 98.5-106 (101.6);culmen, 17-18.5 (17.7); tarsus, 19-20.5 (19.4) mm. SLx specimens ofminuta measure: Wing, 89-100.5 (96.2); culmen, 18-20.5 (19.2);tarsus, 20-22 (21) mm.Of the two, ruficollis is probably the commoner; minuta is relativelyrare in Siam and the records more or less open to doubt. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, 1921, p. 68. "> Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 35, 1918. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 95De Scliauensee " records rufcolUs from Chieng Sen Kao, MekongKiver, northern Siam, January 13 ; Gyidenstolpe ^- says specimens havebeen obtained at Patani, Peninsular Siam.The species breeds in northeastern Siberia and western Alaskaand migrates late in summer along the coast of eastern Asia andthrough the Philippine and the Sunda Islands to Australia.PISOBIA TEMMINCKII (Leisler)Tringa temminckii Leisler, Nachtrage zu Bechsteins Naturgeschichte Deutsch-lands, p. 78, 1812 (Haiiau, Germany).One female, Chomtong, northern Siam, November 29, 1928.Williamson ^^ records this sandpiper from Bangkok; Deignan '*found it common in the winter of 1930-31 at Chiengmai; de Scliauen-see ^^ records one from Bangkok, March 12; Lowe^** took a male onthe Meping, Alarch 7; on his third expedition de Schauensee^^ ob-tained three females at Bangkok, November 3, and one female atChiengmai, January 26.This species breeds in northern Europe and Asia and migrateslate in summer to Africa and southern Asia. It is easily distinguishedfrom the other small stints occurring in Siam by the white outer tailfeathers. PISOBIA SUBMINUTA (Middendorff)Tringa suhminuta Middendorff, Reise in den aussersten Norden und OstenSibiriens . . ., vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 222, 1851 (Stanovoi Mountains, Siberia).One male, Meklong, April 12, 1926.Williamson ^* has recorded this stint from Bangkok; Sharpe '^ liststwo from the island of Salanga (Puket), taken in February and Alarch;Baker ^^ reported a male in Herbert's collection from Klong WangHip, Peninsular Siam; Gyidenstolpe"^ took a single female near vSapTue on the Mewong, Northern Siam, April 23, 1914; Robinson andKloss ^^ record a single male from Koh Lak, southwestern Siam, April7, 1919, but say it is verj^ common. Deignan ^^ took a single male atChiengmai, January 30, 1932; de Schauensee ^* secured a male atChiengmai, January 26, and two specimens from Bangkok, October1932. ? Proc. Acad. Nal. Sci. Philadelphia, vol 81, p. 586, 1930.u Ibis, 1920, p. 7f)0." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 199, 1915. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 172, 1931.i? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 577, 1928.i? Ibis, 1933. p. 491. ?' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 279, 1934."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 199, 1915.>? Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 24, p. 555, 1896." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 39, 1920.>' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Hundl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 146, 1916." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 68, 1921.? Rodgers and Deignan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, p. 92, 1934. '* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 279, 1934. 96 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe species breeds in eastern Siberia and the Kurile Islands andmigrates to southeastern Asia to winter. It can be distinguishedfrom the other small stints wintering or passing through Siam by thelong middle toe and claw (about 36 mm).EnOLIA TESTACEA (Pallas)Scolopax testacea Pallas, in Vroeg's Beredeneerde catalogus, Adumbratiunculae,p. 6, 1764 (Holland).Two females, Nakon Sritamarat, September 27 and 29, 1926,Ogilvie-Grant ^^ records it from Patani; Wilhamson ^^ states that ithas been recorded by Aagaard from Nakon (Lacon) Sritamarat,August 1-May 16, 1911-12, and from Chaiya, near Bandon, June 16,1912; Robinson and Kloss ^^ record a male from Kuala Kedah, takenNovember 1907.The species breeds in northern Siberia and migrates throughEurope to Africa and India, Indo-China, Siam, the Malay Peninsula,and the Sunda Islands to Australia.UMICOLA FALCINELLUS (Brilnnlch)Scolopax falcinellus Brunnich, Ornithologia borealis, p. 49, 1764 (Zealand,Denmark).One female, Nakon Sritamarat, September 28, 1926.Ogilvie-Grant ^^ records this species from Kampong Budi, Patani;Williamson ^^ from the mouth of the Chao Phya River.The species breeds in northern Europe and Asia and migratessouth late in summer to the Red Sea, India, the Malay Peninsula,the Philippines, and the Sunda Islands to Australia.Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE: Stilts, AvocetsHIMANTOPUS HIMANTOPUS (Linnaeus)Charadrius himantopus Linnaeus, Systenaa naturae, ed. 10, p. 151, 1758 (southEurope) . Four males and one female, Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 4-11,1926; two females, Nakon Sritamarat, September 27, 1926.The Lem Sing specmiens are in worn breeding plumage and evi-dently were breeding; an egg was taken from the oviduct of the female,June 11.Gyldenstolpe ^? observed small flocks in the swampy country southof Ratburi in January. Williamson ^^ records it from Meklong; >' Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 118, 1905.>? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 62, 1916. ?Jlbis, 1911, p. 14.M Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 118, 1905.>? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 36, 1918.M Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. llauril., vol. 5(i, no. 2, p. 145, 1916.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 35, 1918. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 97Baker ^^ from Paklat, near Bangkok ; Deignan ^^ from Ban Mechai,Chiengrai, northern Siam, May 9, 10, 1936.The species ranges from southern Europe, Africa, Asia, and Ceylonto Siam, Indo-China, etc. Usually resident; only migratory in thenorthern part of its range.Family BURHINIDAE: Thick-kneesORTHORHAMPHUS MAGNIROSTRIS (Vieillot)Oedicnemis magnirostris Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., vol. 23, p. 231, 1818(no locality; Australia).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male, Pulo Adang, Butang Islands,December 17, 1899, and two males and two females in the MerguiArchipelago (St. Luke Island, January 19, 1900; SulHvan Island,February 1, 1900, and January 5, 1904; Bentinck Island, March 8,1900).He gives the colors of the soft parts as: Iris yellow; feet pale green-ish yellow or pale straw yellow, toes dark bone brown, claws black;bill black, base greenish yellow.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record a male taken on Dehsle Island,Peninsular Siam, February 19, 1919. This and the specunen col-lected by Dr. Abbott on Pulo Adang apparently are the only speci-mens taken in Siamese territory to date. The bird seems to be anisland-frequenting species rather than a mainland one.The species ranges over the greater part of the Indo-Australasianregion from the Andaman Islands to Australia. It has been dividedinto a number of nominal forms based upon insufficient material.Family GLAREOLIDAE: Coursers, PratincolesGLAREOLA MALDIVARUM ForsterGlareola (Pratincola) maldivarum Fokster, Faunula Indica, p. 11, 1795 (MaldiveIslands).Eight males and four females, Bangkok, March 2, 1925, April 20and June 3, 1926; September 16, 1925; one male, Nong Kae, CentralSiam, May 5, 1929.The United States National Museum has a small series from Lujon,Philippines, and a male from Java. Apparently they do not differ incolor or size from Siamese specimens. McGregor ^* says it visits thePhilippines in the winter months, but the dates on a number of theMuseum's series, late March and April 28, are during the breedingseason farther north. Wliether it breeds in Java I do not Imow; the *' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soo. Siam, vol. 4, p. 39, 1920.w Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 169, 1936. ** Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. .5, p. .^6, 1921." A manual of Philippine birds, pt. 1, p. 153, 1909, 98 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMfew specimens examined by me from there were taken in fall. Thefew breeding birds examined from China apparently do not differfrom Siamese specimens. For the present, without more evidence,it does not seem to be worth while to recognize Glareola maldivarumorientalis Leach.Herbert ^? states that the bird comes to Siam to breed late inwinter and breeds in colonies; at Sapatoom eggs were very plentifulby March 16, but in the colon}'- at Samkok eggs were not plentifuluntil the latter part of April. Another colonj^ at Ayuthia bred aboutthe same time as that at Samkok. The Sapatoom birds leave earlier,as their numbers are gradually reduced during May and June, butsome young remain until August 8. A set of three fresh eggs wastaken at Samkok on June 15. Two, and sometimes three eggs,constitute a set. Gyldenstolpe ^^ took a pair at Koh Lak on Decem-ber 1, 1914; Deignan ^^ found it common at Nawng Haw in March1929; de Schauensee ^^ took three specimens at Hua Mak, March 17;Robinson and Kloss *? record a male from Koh Lak, taken April 16.I have seen no records for Peninsular Siam, though it has been takenin Kedah.The species breeds from southeastern Siberia, Mongoha, andsouthern Manchuria south to India, Siam, and Indo-China andmigrates through the Malay Archipelago to Australia.GALACHRYSIA LACTEA (Temminck)Glareola lactea Temminck, Manuel d'ornithologie, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 503, 1820,(Bengal).Two females. Ban Tai, February 27, 1929.This species has been recorded by Baker ''^ from Krabin, centralSiam, and by Chasen and Kloss *^ from the Raheng District, westernSiam, Deignan ^^ found a single bird at Nawng Haw, northernSiam, in March 1929; de Schauensee^* found it common on thesandbars in the Mekong on both sides of the river at Chieng Sen,February 12; Lowe *^ found it very common during the first weekof ALarch near Kempempet on the Meping.The species ranges from Ceylon to India, Burma, northern Siam,and southern Laos. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 344, 1926. ?' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 142, 1916.?s Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Ili.st. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 170, 1931. ?? Proc. APa Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 25, p. 69, 1896. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 63, 1916. '* Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 85, 1918.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 17. 1913. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 101 Tliis form differs from S. a. sinensis and S. a. pusilla in having theshafts of the three outer feathers dark.Robinson and Kloss ^^ report this tern as occurring in some numbersin the winter in the Straits of Malacca, but apparently the above arethe only definite Siamese records.The form ranges from the Red Sea and Somali coasts east to theMalay Peninsula. STERNA ALBIFRONS SINENSIS GmelinSterna sinensis Gmelin, Systerna naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 608, 1789 (China).One male, two females, and one unsexed, Lem Sing, Chantabun,June 8, 14, 1926.This small series agrees very well with a small series from Chinain size and color. The culmens in five breeding males from Chinameasure 30, 30, 30.5, 31.5, and 32 mm. The single male from LemSing measures 32.5 mm. The four breeding females from Chinahave culmen measurements of 27, 29, 29, 29.5 mm. Two femalesfrom Siam have culmen measurements of 28.5 and 29 mm.The form ranges from the coast of Ceylon and Burma to Siam,China, Korea, Indo-China, and the Malay Peninsula. It is migratoryin the northern part of its range but probably resident in the south.Baker ^^ records two females taken at Meldong, June 27; William-son *^ took it at Koh Lak and Hua Hin in June; de Schauensee *^ tooka female at Bangkok on March 9 and reports it common there overthe Menam. THALASSEUS BERGD EDWARDS! MathewsThalasseus bergii edwardsi Mathews, The birds of Australia, vol. 2, pt. 3, p. 347,1912 (Ceylon).Two males, Nakon Sritamarat, September 20, 1926.Specimens of this form have been recorded from Tanjong Patani.Williamson ^? found it breeding on some small islands in the Gulf ofSiam (Koh Rin and Koh Phai) in May 1918. Robinson ^' has recordedspecimens from Pulo Terutau and Pulo Langkawi, taken in Februaryand March; Herbert ^- reports it breeding on Koh Samui, Bandon.The two males from Nakon Sritamarat agree with a male and femalecollected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim, February 9,1900. The wings of the Nakon males measure 350 and 362 mm, theculmens 59 and 65 mm. Oberholser ^^ places the Bok Pyin specimensunder Thalasseus bergii edwardsi. In the absence of additional speci-mens I am regarding all Siamese records as of this race. ?? Journ. Nat. Rist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 53, 1921. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 40, 1920." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p 37, 1918.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 579, 1928. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 83, 1919. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 143, 1917.?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 348, 1926. ?? Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 49, p. 520, 1915. 102 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMANGUS STOLIDUS PILEATUS (Scopoli)Sterna pileaia Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 92, 1786(Philippines).Dr. W. L. Abbott took an immature female in the Straits of Malacca,November 18, 1899; an immature female off the Dindings, Novem-ber 19, 1899; and an adult male 100 miles west of Penang, April 8,1903.Williamson ^* records tliis tern breeding on a rocky islet near KohChuan, Inner Gulf of Siam, in May 1918. Apparently this is theonly Siamese record.The form ranges in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans from theSeychelles to the Hawaiian Islands and south to northern Australia.Family COLUMBIDAE: Pigeons, DovesCROCOPUS PHOENICOPTERUS VIRIDIFRONS (BIyth)Treron viridifrons Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, pt. 2, p. 849, 1845(Tenasserim) . One female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 21, 1930.A topotypical female has the gray of the nape much lighter, theyellow collar broader, and the gray collar narrower than in the Siamesefemale.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it as sparsely distributed in northern Siam,where specimens have been obtained at Meh Taw, Meh Lua, andalong the Meh Yome River; Deignan ^'^ reports it irregularly commonon the plain at Chiengmai, its movements being governed by thefruiting of certain trees; de Schauensee ^^ assigns specimens fromMetang to annamensis, a form I have not seen.C. p. viridifrons ranges from Chittagong and Manipur on the westthroughout Burma south to Moulmein and east into northern Siam.C. p. annamensis Ogilvie-Grant ranges from southern Annam toCocliinchina and lower Laos, possibly to southeastern Siam.DENDROPHASSA FULVICOLLIS FULVICOLLIS (Wagler)Columba fulvicolHs Wagler, Systcma avium, Columba, sp. 8, 1827 (Java, error;type locality fixed by Robinson and Kloss,*''^ Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male at Prahmon, Trang, March 31, 1896,and a male at Selitar, 9 miles from Singapore, Straits Settlements,May 18, 1899. He gives the soft parts as: Iris pink; bill pale bluishhorn, base and cere dull red; feet H^dd purple, claws black.The United States National Museum also contains a male fromTapanuU Bay, Sumatra, and a male from Banka. The latter is fulvous ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 38, 1918. ?s Ibis, 1920, p. 738. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. Ififi, 1931. ?' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. S6, p. 271, 1934.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 30, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 103on the crown instead of the prussian red of the other three specimens.I tliink tliis is due to age or fading, however, as there are some prussian-red feathers coming in here and there.The wings of the four males measure: Trang, 152; Singapore, 144;Sumatra, 149; Banka, 15G mm.The Trang specimen is the only record for Peninsular Siam, otherthan the one for Puket, c[uoted by Gyldenstolpe.^^ The latter I havebeen unable to trace.The form ranges from southern Tenasserim through Peninsular Siamto the Aialay States, Sumatra, Nias, Banka, and Billiton. It has alsobeen recorded from Cocliinchina.Another form, Dendrophassa Julvicollis baramensis Meyer is foundin northern Borneo. The Nias bird has been separated on the strengthof a single female as DendrophassafulmcolUs melopogenys Obserholser.The series of this sex at my command is too small to pass upon itsvalidity. DENDROPHASSA BISINCTA PRAETERMISSA (Robinson and Kloss)Treron bisinda praelermissn Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated MalayStates Mus., vol. 10, pt. 3, p. 203, 1921 (Koh Lak, southwestern Siam).One male. Ban Hin Ngom, February 25, 1929 ; one immature female,Pak Bhayoon, July 4, 1929; one male and two females, Sam Roi Yot,November 11, 1932.The wing in the males measures 153 and 162 mm. The miniaturefemale is too young to be of any service for comparison.A male collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim,February 16, 1900, is more yellowish about the throat, forehead, andlower parts, especially the belly, when compared with the Siamese male.It measures 167 mm in the wing.Robinson and Kloss have recorded it from Trang,^'' Ghirbi,^^ andDelisle Island and Koh Lak "; Gairdner " from the Ratburi andPetchaburi Districts; Barton ^* hsts it from the Raheng District.Whether Robinson's records from Ok Yam " and from Lat Bua Kaoand Koh Mesan ^^ belong here or not, I cannot say; Robinson andKloss " were apparently in doubt. They state that the wing issmaller, always under 150 mm. With these left out as doubtful, then,the range of tliis form extends from Selangor north through PeninsularSiam to southern Tenasserim and western Siam.M Ibis, 1920, p. 739. "Ibis, 1910, p. 674." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 89, 1919." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 29, 1921."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, pp. 39, 151, 1914. '? Ibid., p. 107." Ibis, 1915, p. 723. '? Ibis, 1918, p. 82." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, p. 29, 1921. 104 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDENDROPHASSA VERNANS GRISEICAPILLA (Schlcgel)Treron griseicapilla Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1, p. 71, 1863 (Sumatraand Banka; Sumatra has been designated as the type locality).Dendrophassa vernans abbotti Obehholser, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 14,p. 298, 1924 (Tyching, Trang, Peninsular Siam).Three males and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 9 and June 6,1924, and July 7, 1926; four males and four females, Koh Chang,January 1-10, 1926, and March 11, 1930; two females, Lem Smg,southeastern Siam, March 14, 1930.The following specimens collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott are in theUnited States National Museum: One male, Singapore Island, May20, 1899; one male, Pulo Tinggi, east coast of Johore, August 3, 1901 ; one female, Tanjong Dungun, Trengganu, September 21, 1900; twomales (including the type of abbotti) and three females, Trang (TychingJune 2-27, 1896; Prahmon, March 31, 1896); three males, Tenasserim(Victoria, March 30 and November 24, 1900; Bok Pyin, February1900).He gives the soft parts as: Iris in two rings, inner blue, outer palepink; bill leaden, base greenish yellow; orbital skin green; feet purplishred, claws pale horn brown.With a series of 10 males from the Malay Peninsula and Tenasserimand seven males from southeastern Siam, but only one male fromSumatra and one male each from Banka and Billiton, I am unable tosee any tangible color differences between the series, and the measure-ments show no appreciable difl'erence in size.Ten males from the Malay Peninsula (7) and Tenasserim (3)measure: Wing, 142-155 (149.3); tail, 80.5-100 (87); bill, includingcere, 16-17.5 (16.7) mm. Seven males from southeastern Siammeasure: Wing, 138-158 (150.5); tail, 79-90 (85); bill, including cere,15.5-17 (16.2) mm. One male from Sumatra, one male from Banka,and one male from Billiton m^easure: Wing, 147.5-150 (148.5); tail,87-94.5 (91); bill, including cere, 16-17.5 (16.6) mm. Five femalesfrom the Malay Peninsula measure: Wing, 141-150 (145); tail, 75-81.5 (78.5); bill, including cere, 16-16.5 (16) mm. Eight females fromsoutheastern Siam measure: Wing, 142.5-153 (148.6); tail, 77-87.5(81); bill, including cere, 16-17.5 (16.4) mm.Tliis race extends from Sumatra, Banka, and Billiton through theMalay Peninsula from Singapore north to Tenasserim and eastwardto southeastern Siam, Cambodia, Cochinchina, and Annam.Chasen and Kloss '* record two females from Ban Dong, RaliengDistrict, western Siam. This is the northernmost record I have seen.It has also been recorded from Bangkok," and it occurs on many islandsoff the coast in the Gulf of Siam and along the west coast of the Malay ? Journ. Siam Sec. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 156, 1928,?? Gyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 73D. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 105Peninsula. Robinson ^^ reports it from Koh Samiii and Koh Pennanand obtained a heavily incubated egg of the latter on May 27.A number of other forms have been named from islands off the westCoast of Sumatra, Java, the Natunas, Anambas, Philippines, andCelebes. Oberholser ^^ recognizes no less than 1 1 . DENDROPHASSA OLAX OLAX (Temminck)Columba olax Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux, vol. 4,livr. 41, pi. 241, Dec. 1823 (Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male and two females in Tran^, March 9^1897, and January 20, 1899. He gives the soft parts as: Male ? iris in two rings, inner yellow, outer red; bill pale greenish horny,base and cere green; feet red. Female?iris yellowish white or paleyellow.A male from Great Karimon Island does not differ materially fromthe Trang male. A series from Borneo seems to be smaller. Thewmgs of eight Bornean males measure 114-124 (118.6) mm; wing ofa male from Great Karimon Island, 130 mm; a male from Trang,133 mm.The Bornean race has been named Dendrophassa olax arismioraOberholser. This will leave the range of Dendrophassa olax olax asSumatra, the Malay States, and Peninsular Siam.In the latter there are only three previous records known to me:Baker ^^ records three males from Klong Wang Hip and a female inHerbert's collection; Robinson and KHoss ^ state that a pair (now inthe British Museum) was collected by J. Darling near Ghirbi; andde Schauensee ^* collected a pair from Nakon Sritamarat.TEERON CURVIROSTRA CURVIROSTRA (Gme)in)Columba curvirostra Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 777, 1789 (TannaIsland, error; type locality as designated by Robinson and Kloss,^' Rawang,Selangor) . Three males and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 8, 1924, July11-12, 1926; two males, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 17 and 28, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males and two females, Trang(Tyching, May 10, 1896; Koh Sai, December 30, 1898; and Trang,January 19-February 24, 1899). He describes the soft parts as:Iris orange or brownish yellow; naked skin about orbit pale green;bill horny yellow or pale greenish horny, dark red at base, claws hornbrown.This form probably does not extend much farther north thanBandon, and from there it ranges south to the Malay States and the 'n Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 140, 1916."U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159, pp. 32-3.3, 1932." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 30, 1920.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 31, 1921.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Set. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 271, 1934. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 28, 1921. 106 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEU:*!Straits Settlements. The specimens from Patani are slightly smallerthan those from farther north in the Peninsula. No specimens havebeen examined south of Patani, The measurements and relation-ships will be discussed under the next form.The male taken on January 19 by Dr. Abbott is an immature bird.The maroon of the back is coming in irregularly and is about halfcompleted; the under tail coverts are being renewed. It still retainsthe old tail of the immature plumage, the feathers of which are old andworn, and much narrower than they are in the adult; the two outerprimaries of the immature plumage are still in place, and the third,though new, is still in growth.TBERON CURVIROSTRA NIPALENSIS (Hodgson)Toria nipalensis Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 164, pi. 9, 1836 (Nepal).One male, Huey Me Sae, December 24, 1932; one female. BanKiriwong, July 10, 1928; one male and one female. Pang Sok, easternSiam, August 19, 1926; one male, Pak Chong, eastern Siam, May 10,1925; one female, Hupbon, near Sriracha, May 25, 1925; one male andone female, Nong Klior, near Sriracha, March 21 and 26, 1926; twomales and one female, Kao Seming, Krat, October 10-14, 1928; twomales and two females, Koh Chang, January 8-9, 1926; one male.Ban Tarn Dam, southeastern Siam, March 5, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and one female, DomelIsland, Mergui Archipelago, January 27 and 29, 1904; two males andone female, Tenasserim (Pakchan, December 19, 1900; Bok Pyin,February 16, 1900; and Boyces Pomt, February 9, 1904). Hedescribes the soft parts as: Iris orange; naked orbital skm green;bill greenish yellow, base dark red; feet purplish red, claws palehorn brown.Of the considerable series of Treron curvirostra in the United StatesNational Museum, only the forms that have a bearing on the Siameseforms will be here considered. A series of males from Sumatra ap-pears to be paler, especially below, with more white on the belly thanin a series of the same sex from the Malay Penmsula, from Patani,north to Bandon. Males from Tenasserim and western, northern, andsoutheastern Siam are much darker below than Malay Peninsulabirds. In the Malay Peninsula series there are one or two males thatare dark like the northern birds, but there are no light-colored speci-mens among the large series from western, northern, and southeasternSiam. I have seen no Nepalese specimens nor any from India, but Iassign the northern Siamese birds to Treron curvirostra niimlensis, asit does not appear to belong to forms occin'ring farther south. Thereseems to be a gradual darkening of the plumage below and an increasein size from the south to the north. Above, the differences are notso pronounced. The above dissimilarities also hold in the females, BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 107but not to the same extent. The palest specmien I have examinedis a female from Bukit Parmassang, Banka Island (no. 180436),Six males from eastern Sumatra measure: Wing, 135-143.5 (139.2);tail, 73-82.5 (78.4); culmen, 15-17 (16) mm.Ten males from Peninsular Siam (Patani, 3; Trang, 5; and Bandon,2): Wing, 132-147.5 (139.9); tail, 73-82 (78); culmen, 15.5-17 (16)mm.Five males from Tenasserim (2), Mergui Archipelago (2), andwestern Siam (1): Wing, 146-151 (148.8); tail, 77-87 (82.5); culmen,15.5-18 (16.9) mm.Nine males from northern (1), eastern (3), and southeastern Siam(6): Wing, 140-151 (146.2); tail, 74-90 (82.7); culmen, 15-17 (15.7)mm.Three females from eastern Sumatra (2) and Banka (1): Wing,126-147.5 (133.5); tail, 69-71 (72.3); culmen, 15-15.5 (15.2) mm.Three females from Peninsular Siam: Wing, 131.5-145.5 (138.3);tail, 72-76 (74); culmen, 15.5-16.5 (16) mm.Three females from Tenasserim (1), Mergui Archipelago (1), andwestern Siam (1): Wing, 139-152 (145); tail, 70-82 (76.7); culmen,15-16 (15.5) mm.Eight females from northern, eastern, and southeastern Siam:Wing, 138.5-151 (144.6); tail, 75-89 (79.6); culmen, 15-17 (16).The specimens from Patani are slightly smaller than birds fromfarther north in the Peninsula.Specimens from Cochinchina and south Annam appear to belongwith the birds from southeastern Siam.Treron curvirostra nipalensis has a wide range, occurring fromNepal south through Assam and Burma to eastern Bengal, Tenasserim,the northern part of Peninsular Siam, all Siam proper, Cochincliina,Cambodia, Laos, and Annam. Other forms occur in the Philippines,Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and the chain of islands off the west coast ofSumatra. BUTRERON CAPELLII MAGNIROSTRIS (Strickland)Treron magniroslris Strickland, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 14, p. 116, footnote,1844 (Malay Peninsula).Two males, Bandon, January 8, 1897.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and three females at LaySong Hong, Trang, October 26, November 21 and 28, 1896. He givesthe soft parts as: Iris dark brown; orbital ring greenish yellow; bUlpale greenish horny, cere green ; feet yellow, claws yellowish leaden.Robinson ^^ records it from Mabak, Patani; Robinson and Kloss "from Trang. Glydenstolpe ^** states that Eisenhofer's collector ob-tained a specimen in the neighborhood of Khun Tan, April 1914.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 2, p. S2, 1905." Ibis, 1910, p. 073.8? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Hand!., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 153, 1916. 108 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM I have examined no specimens from Java, the type locality of thenominate form.The form ranges from the Malay States, Peninsular Siam, to theMergui Archipelago (Elphinstone Island), and it has once been takenas far north as Khun Tan, Siam.The birds from Borneo, Sumatra, and Pulo Mata Siri, Java Sea,have each been provided with a name,SPHENOCERCUS SPHENURUS SPHENURUS (Vigors)Vinago sphenura Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 173 (Darjiling).One male, Doi Nangka, November 19, 1930,This specimen is smaller than specimens from Yunnan {S. s. yun~nanensis).Deignan ^^ took a specimen on Doi Sutep, 5,000 feet, in November.De Schauensee ?? found it not uncommon there and at Chiengdaobetween 3,000 and 5,000 feet on his third expedition.The present form ranges from Kashmir to Assam, south to theShan States, Tenasserim, and northern Siam,LEUCOTRERON JAMBU (Gmclin)Columha jamhu Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 784, 1789 (Java).Two males and one female, Bangnara, Patani, Peninsular Siam,July 4-15, 1926.There are two males and one female in the United States NationalMuseum collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at the Eumpin River, Pahang,June 10 and 12, 1902.August Miiller ^^ records four skins secured in Malacca, probablypurchased. These were thought by Robinson and Kloss ^^ to havecome from the mainland opposite Puket, but this is doubtful. Rob-inson ^^ does not mention Peninsular Siam in his latest book and wasevidently aware of this error in the earlier work.The species ranges from Perlis in the western Malay States to Pataniin the southern Peninsular Siamese States, and from thence south toSingapore, Tioman Island, Sumatra, Borneo, Banka, and Billiton.It probably has a \vider range than the above would indicate and per-forms local migrations, probably due to the ripening of certain fruits.The species is easily distinguished from all other pigeons. Themales are green above and white below; the forepart of the head andtliroat to the posterior border of the eye carmine-red; the chin abrownish black; the chest with a large eosine pink spot; the undertail coverts brick red; outer primary much attenuated at the tip.The female has the chest and neck green; the forepart of the head 8? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 166, 1931.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 272, 1934.M Die Orcis der In.sel Salanga, p. 79, 1882.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 31, 1921.? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 11, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 109 aster purple, the chin slightly darker. Wing in male, about 144 mm;the female is somewhat smaller.BUCULA BADIA GEISEICAPILLA WaldenDucula hadia griseicapilla Walden, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 16, p. 228,1S75 (Karen Hills).One male, Doi Angka, 6,000 feet, December 4, 1928; two males,and two females, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, August 27, 1930, and Febru-ary 14 and 29, 1932; one female. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), Ma}^ 3,1931; one male, Doi Kinchong, January 1, 1933; one male, Kao PaePan Nam, Lamsak, February 5, 1934.The male from Doi Kinchong has the pileum and cheeks washedwith vinaceous as in D. b. obscurata, but the back is not so dark?Gairdner ^* records this pigeon from Ratburi and Petchaburi; Cha-sen and Kloss ^* from the Raheng District, western Siam; Deignan ^^reports it common on Doi Sutep, from 3,500 to 5,500 feet.The form ranges from eastern Bengal to Assam, Burma, westernand northern Siam, and east probably to Tonkin and Laos. It is amountain species. In Siam it has been found only in the mountains ofthe southwestern, western, and northern parts.In Sumatra and the Malay States Ducula badia badia (Raffles) i&found. DUCULA BADIA OBSCURATA ConoverDucula badia obscurata Conover, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 43, p. 1, 1930(Krat, southeastern Siam).One female, Kao Seming, Krat, October 14, 1928.This subspecies is easily distinguished from D. b. griseicapilla inhaving the pileum and cheeks washed with vinaceous instead of gullgray. Chasen and Kloss ^^ state, however, that they can see nomaterial differences among specimens from north and west Siam tosouth Annam. With only one specimen from southeastern Siam,however, I do not like to pass judgment.MUSCADIVORES AENEUS AENEUS (Linnaeus)Columba aeneus Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 283, 1766 (Moluccas, error;Hartert and Goodson ^^ say the type locality may be considered Flores;Oberholser '^ states, "We . . . now designate Borneo as the type locality")-Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on the Rumpin River, Pahang,July 12, 1902, and a male on Pulo Bin tang, Rhio Archipelago, August ?< Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 515, 1915.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p; 155, 1928. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 106, 1931. ?7 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 233, 1932. ?? Nov. Zool., 1918, p. 34r,.M U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159, p. 27. 1932.33527?38 8 110 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 7, 1902. These two males are somewhat larger than more northernhirds and agree fairly well with Bornean specimens but are probablyon the whole a trifle smaller. The designation of, Borneo as thetype locality is rather far fetched. I hardly think specimens wouldhave been received from there in Linnaeus's time. Hartert andGoodson's designation of Flores has precedence. No specimens havebeen available from Flores for examination.Two males from Java are rather smaller. One male from RumpinRiver, Pahang, measures: Wing, 245; tail, 138 mm. One male fromPulo Bintang, Rhio Archipelago: Wing, 237 ; tail, 149 mm. Two malesfrom Java: Wing, 225-235; tail, 137-149 mm. Six males fromBorneo: Wing, 237-254 (247.7); tail, 141-150 (146.6) mm.This form is said to occur eastward from Borneo to the island ofFlores; also the southern portion of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.MUSCADIVORES AENEUS SYLVATICUS (Tickell)Columba sylvatica Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, p. .581, 1833 (Bor-abhum and Dholbhum, India).One male and one female, Nakon Sritamarat, Peninsular Siam'September 10, 1924, and September 30, 1926; one male and fourfemales, Koh Tao, January 1-2, 1927, September 20-21, 1928; onemale and one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, Januarj^ 7, 1934; one male.Ban Den Muang, February 25, 1929; one male. Ban Nakae, March 4,1929; one female, Nong Khor, November 14, 1924.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: One male and one female,Prahmon, Trang, March 24 and April 3, 1896; one female, PuloAdang, Butang Islands, December 15, 1899; four males and threefemales, Mergui Archipelago (Chance Island, December 29, 1899;St. Luke Island, January 19, 1900; Sullivans Island, January 30, 1900;Domel Island, February 25, 1900, and January 28, 1904). He givesthe color of the soft parts as: Iris deep red; bill leaden blue; cere dullpurple; orbital ring dull purple red; feet deep livid purple, clawsbluish horn.This form differs from M. aenens aeneus in being somewhat smallerand more bronzy above and in having a more vinaceous wash on thebreast, pileum, and cheeks. The latter character is very variable; insome specimens it is almost lacking, while in others it is very pro-nounced. It also occurs in Bornean birds.An immature female about one-half grown was taken by Dr. Smithon Kao Tao on September 20. It resembles the adult, except thepileum and the hindneck are mouse gray; the underparts pale mousegray, without any vinaceous tinge; the tail feathers are much narrowerthan in the adult.Eleven males from Peninsular and eastern Siam and the MerguiAi'chipelago measure: Wing, 225-243 (233.7); tail, 139.5-157 (146) BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA HImm. Twelve females from Peninsular Siam, the Mergiii Archipelago,and southeastern Siam: Wing, 222-238 (230); tail, 127-147 (141) mm.A male from Rutland Island, Andamans, collected by Dr. W. L.Abbott, January 16, 1901, is somewhat larger than any specimen ofM. a. sylvaticus measured by me: Wing, 252; tail, 158 mm. It may bea stray of AI. aeneus aeneus.A female collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on St. Luke Island, MerguiArchipelago, January 19 (No. 172932) has tliree white tail feathers,one of the central pair and the next feather to it on the left side, andthe one next to the other central feather on the right side. Three ofthe other tail feathers have spots of white or light gray of varyingdegree at the tip. One of the upper tail coverts has a white tip.A female (No. 308043), collected by Dr. Smith at Nakon Sritamarat,September 30, has one of the upper tail coverts pure white.Specimens of this species with dark-gray hindnecks and pileumsusually have shorter wings and in my opinion are more or less imma-ture. I have rejected them in my averages.The range of this form extends from northern India (Nepal andSikkim) south through Assam and Burma to southern Tenasserim,northern Siam, and Peninsular Siam as far as the Malay States. It isfound on most of the islands off the west and east coasts of PeninsularSiam and in the Gulf of Siam.Birds of this genus usually occur on islands off the coast, ratherthan on the mainland far from the sea. I have seen few records fornorthern Siam. Gyldenstolpe ^ records it from there; Robinson ^records it from Nam Khum, northeastern Siam; Chasen and Kloss ^record it from the Raheng District, western Siam; Gyldenstolpe *cites it for Bang Hue Pong and Hat Sanak, southwestern Siam; Kloss ^lists it from Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam ; Baker ^ records two malesfrom Krabin, central Siam; Robinson '' from the islands of Koh Kut,Koh Mehsi (East Island), and Koh Klum, southeastern Siam, andfrom Terutau and Koh Muk, Trang, * as well as from Koh Pennan, offBandon ^; Robinson and Kloss ^? list specimens from Pulo Mohea(North island), Koh Pipidon, Koh Yam Yai, and Koh Yam Noi,western Peninsular Siam; they had previously given it from Telok Pohand Pulau Panjang, Ghirbi Bay, on the same coast. ^^ > Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 66, 1913. 'Ibis, 1931, p. 324.Mourn. Siam See. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 1.55, 1928. * Kun^l. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 155, 1916. 'Ibis, 1918, p. 83. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Sec. Siam, vol. 4, p. 31, 1920. 'Ibis, 1915, p. 723. * Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 136, 1917. ?Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 141, 1915. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 31, 1921." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 90, 1919. 112 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMYRISTICIVORA BICOLOR BICOLOR (Scopoli)Columba bicolor Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 94, 1786(New Guinea).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on South Twin Island, MerguiArchipelago, January 27, 1900.This is a species that usually occurs on small islands off the coast oflarger land masses. There are few records for Siam, as the islandsprobably have not been visited at the proper season. Robinson andKloss ^^ record it from the outlying islands of the Langkawi Group;strictly speaking, this is not a Siamese record, but it is just over theline. Williamson ^^ reports it from Chumpon Bay, Peninsular Siam;Forty '* gives it for Koh Phai, Inner Gulf of Siam ; while Robinson andKloss ^* say the species also occurs on the Koh Sichang Group.The form ranges from small islands off the coast of southern Burma,the Andamans, and Nicobars, through the PhiUppines and SundaIslands to New Guinea.CALOENAS NICOBARICA NICOBARICA (Linnaeus)Columba nicobarica Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 164, 1758 (NicobarIslands).Three males and four females, Koh Tao, December 27-31, 1926,and September 18-20, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males on Pulo Nipis, Butang Islands,western Malay Peninsula, December 13, 1899; and a male and femaleon South Twin Island, Mergui Archipelago, January 27, 1900. Hegives the soft parts as: Iris brownish gray; bill and cere black; feetdark purple, soles yellow, claws horny yellow.Wherever this bird is found, and it has quite an extensive range, itseems to occur on the small islands off the main land niass or largerislands. Robinson and Kloss ^? report it for Terutau ; and later " theygive it as common at certain seasons on the Islands off the west coastof Siam ; on the east coast it occurs on the smaller islands of the Pahangand Johore Archipelago and the Redang group off Trengganu.The species ranges from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to theMergui Archipelago and small islands oft" the Malay Peninsula,Sumatra, Cambodia, and Cochinchina, to the Philippines, and south-ward to the Solomon Islands, C. n. pelewensis Finsch occurs in thePelew Islands. CHALCOPHAPS INDICA INDICA (Linnaeus)Columba indica Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 164, 1758 (India orientale).One immature female, Pak Chong, eastern Siam, February 23,1924; one male, Nong Khor near Sriracha, March 3, 1926; one male, "Ibis, 1910, p. 674.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 61, 1916. '< Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 254, 1917.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 34, 1921.w Ibis, 1910, p. 675. "Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 37, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAJVI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 113Pang Sok, eastern Siam, August 26, 1926; two males, Pran, south-western Siam, May 28, 1928, and April 2, 1931; one male, Koh Kut,May 21, 1929; one male, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat,October 6, 1930; one female, Hin Lap, eastern Siam, September 30,1932; one female, Sobpung, December 22, 1932; one male and onefemale, Khonka Valley, January 26, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males in Trang (Lay Song Hong,August 31, 1896; near Kao Nok Kam, January 4, 1899, and Prang,January 20, 1899). He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; billcoral-red, base and cere purple; feet purple, soles and back of tarsiwhitish.This pigeon has a wide range. It occurs practically all over Indiaand extends east to Siam, southern China, Indo-China, the MalayPeninsula, the Philippines, and the Sunda Islands. It has beenrecorded fairly regularly over Siam proper and down Peninsular Siamto the Malay States ; also on many of the islands off the coast of Penin-sular and southeastern Siam.COLUMBA LIVIA INTERMEDIA StricklandColumba intermedia Strickland, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 13, p. 39, 1844(India).One male, Nong Mong, Muang Krabin, August 27, 1925 ; one female,Koh Chang, January 7, 1926.Gyldenstolpe ^* saj^s specimens of this species have been recordedfrom several localities in central and southwestern Siam and that ithas been obtained on the island of Puket; Deignan ^^ reports it atChiengmai in flocks often found feeding far from houses and actinglike wild birds ; Baker ^? records it from Pak Chong, eastern Siam.Most writers regard the form in Siam as the domestic pigeon gonewild; even so, it seems to have spread rather widely over the wholecountry, except Peninsular Siam, but not in great numbers.COLUMBA PUNICEA TickcllColumba {Alsocomus) puniceus Tickell, in Blyth, Joiirn. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,vol. 11, p. 461, 1842 (Chyebassa, India).One male, Muek Lek, April 7, 1933.This specimen is much deeper in color both above and below thana female from Koh Lak, the only specimen available for comparison.The third primary in both wings is being renewed ; the new feather isabout half grown.Robinson ^^ records it from Pulo Terutau and states that Hume hadrecorded three specimens from Salanga; these specimens are now in the >8 Ibis, 1920, p. 741. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 167, 1931. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 32, 1920." Joiirn. Federated Malay States Mus. vol. 4, p. 129, 1909. 114 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBritish Museum. Gairdner ^^ reports it from the Ratburi and Pet-chaburi Districts, Gyldenstolpe ^^ records a male from Hue Sai, Janu-ary 1915. Robinson ^* reports it common on Koh Muk, Trang, duringthe three days their party was there; it came in at dusk to roost inthe tall mangroves, probably from the mainland.Kloss ^^ records it from Koh Lak ; Robinson and Kloss ^* from Junk-seylon (Salanga or Puket) ; Williamson ^^ records it from Koh Phra,Inner Gulf of Siam. Thus, it has been taken from Trang northwardin the Peninsula to the southwestern part and thence to the south-eastern and eastern part of the country.The species ranges from eastern Bengal to Assam, Burma, Penin-sular and eastern Siam and east to Laos and south Annam. In Siamit does not appear to be a common species, and it is uncertain whetherit is resident in the Peninsula.The species is often put in a separate genus (Alsocomus), but thecharacters relied upon in doing so, it seems to me, do not warrantsuch action. If such slight characters are recognized, the genusColumba as generally used would have to be broken up into numerousgenera, without a consequent gain.STREPTOPELIA CHINENSIS TIGRINA (Tcitiminck)Columha tigrina Temminck, Histoire natiirelle g^nerale des pigeons et des gal-linac6s, vol. 1, p. 94, pi. 43, 1808-11 (type locality as fixed by Hartert, Java).Two males. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 21-22, 1930; one male,Rayasothon, March 23, 1929; one male. Ban Nakae, November 4,1929; one male, Mae Hong Sorn, January 6, 1933; one male, Mekhan,February 1, 1932; three males, Aranya, July 13-17, 1930; one male,Knong Phra, April 14, 1929; one male and one female, Bangkok, Jan-uary 17 and February 7, 1924; two females. Bung Borapet, June 28,1932; one, not sexed, Muang Kanburi, April 9, 1928; one male, NongMong, Krabin, August 28, 1925; one male, Sikeu, near Korat, Feb-ruary 17, 1926; one male, Mong Khor, near Sriracha, September 28,1925; one male, Klong Yai, Sriracha, July 24, 1932; one male and onefemale, Pak Chong, December 9, 1929 ; one male, Tha Chang, near PakChong, November 23, 1925; two males and one female, Koh Chang,January 7-10, 1926; one female, Pran, April 3, 1931; one female,Koh Pangan, July 31, 1931; one male and one female, Nakon Srita-marat, September 26, 1926, and March 16, 1929; one male and onefemale, Patalung, July 9, 1929. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Sinm, vol. 1, pp. 39, 151, 1914-15.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 55, no. 2, p. 151, 1916. '* Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 136, 1917." Ibis, 1918, p. 83." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 90, 1919.>' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 31, 1918. BIRDS FROIM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 115The following specimens received from Dr. W. L. Abbott are in theUnited States National Museum: One male and one female, Tan-jong Kalong, Singapore, October 15 and 20, 1899, four males and onefemale, Trang (Prahmon, April 13, 1896; Tyching, April 23-June 28,1896 ; Trang, January 1, 1899) ; three males and one female, Tenasserim(Tanjong Badak, January 12; Bok Pyin, February 12; and VictoriaPoint, November 24, 1900).Dr. Abbott gives the color of the soft parts as: Male?Iris orange;bill and cere black; feet red, pinkish purple, or dull pink. Female ? iris pinkish orange (one specimen).This rather large series shows little variation according to latitude,but there is considerable individual variation. Some specimens aremuch darker than others, both above and below, but the form doesnot seem to be confined to any one section of the country. Twomales and a female from Java can be matched from the Malay Penin-sula, and these again can be matched by specimens from northern oreastern Siam. The smallest specimen measured is a male from Singa-pore: Wing, 142.5; it also appears to be somewhat darker below, butit is a single specimen and it would be better to treat the differencesas individual for the present. Measurements for the birds examinedare given in table 2.Table 2.- ? Measurements of Streptopelia chinensis tigrina Specimens 116 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSTREPTOPELIA ORIENTALIS MEENA (Sykes)Turtur meena Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 149 (Deccan).Two males, Chiengdao, February 1, 1932; one male, Mae HongSorn, January 7, 1933.Gyldenstolpe ^^ recorded one shot at IQiun Tan, but not saved.Deignan ^? reports this dove as rare at Chiengmai, where a nativebrought him a live bird that had been snared on the plain in May;later he states it had been found there in March, May, and August.^^The form ranges from Bengal and Assam to Burma, Tenasserim,and northern Siam.OENOPOPELIA TRANQUEBARICA HUMILIS (Tenuninck)Columha humilis Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 44, pi. 259, March 1824 (Bengal and Luzon).One male and one female, Bangkok, September 18, 1923, and April23, 1924; one male and one female, Nong Mong, Muang Krabin,August 26, 1925; one female, Muang Kanburi, Apiil 10, 1928; onemale, Sam Roi Yot, November 9, 1932.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Khun Tan, Sap Tue, and Koh Lakand states that it is very common in the southwest but less so innorthern Siam; Herbert ^^ states that it breeds in the vicinity ofBangkok from March to August, the clutch consisting of two eggs;Chasen and Kloss ^* record it from the Raheng District; Deignan ^^found it common at Chiengmai ; Robinson and Kloss ^^^ give Pakchanas the southern limit of this dove in Peninsular Siam; elsewhere itseems to be generally distributed throughout the country.This form is supposed to range from Dauria and China south toAssam, Burma, Siam proper, Indo-China, and the Philippines, but ithardly seems possible that it covers so wide a territory.MACROPYGIA UNCHALL TUSALIA (Blyth)Columha (Macropygia) tusalia Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 936,1843 (Darjeeling).One male and two females, Doi Angka, 6,200-8,400 feet, December5-7, 1928; one male and one female, Doi Nangka, November 3 and 10,1930; one female, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,300 feet. May 12, 1933; oneimmature female, Doi Hua Mot, August 21, 1934.The typical Macropygia unchall uncholl (Wagler) is confined toJava and the southern Malay States, and it is very doubtful if iusaliashould be made only a race of unchall; probably it should be accorded " ICuDgl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 149, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 175, 1931. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 86, 1936." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 150, 1916.?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6. p 334, 1926. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hi.st. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 156, 1928.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 167, 1931.M? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 35, 1921. BIRDS FROINI SIAJM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 117 specific rank. The males of the two forms are quite distinct, the headand hindneck in tusalia being darker and the iridescence purpleinstead of green. The chestnut bars above are narrower and darker.The ranges are widely separated by territory where no forms of thespecies occur.Gyldenstolpe ^^ reports it extremely rare in Siam and at that timethis form had been taken only at Khun Tan; Deignan ^"^ records it asuncommon on Doi Sutep at 3,500 to 5,500 feet. Chasen and ICioss ^*record a single male from Hue Pandeng, Raheng, and say it is rathersmall for typical tusalia.] wing of their male is given as 186 mm. Thislatter specimen is now in the United States National Museum and,according to my measurement, the vnng is 190 mm. It agrees withDr. Smith's males from farther north. The wing of the Doi Angkamale measures 190 mm. That of the Doi Nangka male measures188 mm. There are no topotypical specimens of the form availablefor comparison. De Schauensee ^? took a male and female atChiengdao.This is a mountain form and extends from the Himalayas throughnorthern Siam to Laos, Tonkin, and Annam. So far there appears tabe no authentic record from the Malay Peninsula.MACROPYGIA RUFICEPS ASSIMILIS HumeMacropygia assimilis Htjme, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, p. 441, 1874 (northeast ofMoulmein, Tenasserim).One male and one female, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, February 29,1932.Williamson *? records it from Raheng, 1,500 feet (May), andfrom Muang Wang; Chasen and Kloss *^ record a series taken byGairdner in the Raheng District, three of which were afterwardsent to the United States National Museum ; Deignan *^ took it inMarch on Doi Sutep, 5,500 feet; and de Schauensee ^ later secured amale there at 3,500 feet.The form ranges from Pegu to Mulej^it, the South Shan States,,and northern and western Siam.GEOPELIA STRIATA STRIATA (Linnaeus)Columba striata Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 282, 1766 (India orientali;-Java) . One adult male, one adult female, and one immature female,(little over half grown) Bangkok, July 3 and September 19, 1923, ?8 Ibis, 1920, p. 742. ?' Jouru. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 167, 1931.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 156, 1928." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 273, 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 31, 1918.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. IHst. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 156, 1928."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 167, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 273, 1934. 118 bulleti:n^ 172, united states national museumand October 21, 1926; one adult male, Koh Pangan, July 31, 1931;one adult male, Koh Samui, August 7, 1931.The following specimens collected by or received from Dr. W. L.Abbott are in the United States National Museum: Two females,Trang (Prahmon, April 2, and Tyching, June 27, 1896); one male,Kemamun River, Trengganu, October 2, 1900; two females, TanjongKalong, Singapore, January 27 and March 20, 1900. He describesthe soft colors as: Iris blue or bluish white; naked skin about orbitblue or greenish blue; bill and cere leaden blue; front of tarsus andtop of toes dark purple, back or tarsus and soles fleshy.Ogilvie-Grant ** records it from Patani; Robinson*" from PuloLontar ; Baker *^ from Klong Wang Hip ; Robinson and Kloss *^ fromNong Kok, Gliirbi. Robinson and Kloss *^ also state that it is verycommon in open spaces in Peninsular Siam, to which all the abovecitations pertain, the bird becoming scarcer farther north. Herbert *'says that it is supposed to have been introduced at Bangkok, where itis now thoroughly established; a nest and eggs were found at theSports Club in June and another at Supatoom. Deignan ^^ found itcommon at one locality on the plain at Chiengmai. Later ^' hefound it not uncommon at Cliiengmai, where it was said to have beenintroduced from Java.The form ranges from Java to the Malay States and northwardthrough Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim and northern Siam.Family PSITTACIDAE: Parrots, MacawsPSITTACULA EUPATRIA SIAMENSIS (Kloss)Palaeornis eupataria siamensis Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 219,1917 (Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam).One male, Chomtong, northern Siam, November 29, 1928; one im-mature male, Nakon Panom, March 8, 1929; one female, Konken,March 21, 1929; one male, Noan Wat, February 14, 1929; one maleand one female, Muang Kanburi, April 7, 1928; one male, Vichienburi,February 27, 1934.I am unable to decide whether there is more than one form of thisparrot occurring in Siam, as my material is m.uch too scant3^ Themale from Chomtong is a fully adult bird, and the nape is washedstrongly with pale caerulean blue and the neck band is grenadinepink; in the male from Noan Wat the nape is much more Hghtly " Faspiciili Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 121, 1905. *? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 137, 1917. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 32, 1920.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 90, 1919.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 36, 1921." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 335, 1926.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. Ifi7, 1931. ?i Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 86, 1936. BIRDS FROM SIAJH AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 119 washed with a Hghter bhie and the neck band is a Hghter pink, whilein the male from Kanburi and Vichienbiiri, the blue on the nape ispractically absent and the neck band is a little deeper than grenadine.The latter are apparently adult. These differencesmay be individual.The exact range of this form is rather uncertain. It apparentlyextends from western and northern Siam through eastern Siam tolower Laos, Cambodia, and Cochinchina.Chasen and Kloss ^^ record it from the Raheng District. A numberof authors have recorded it from northern Siam, and the type camefrom eastern Siam. Dr. Smith's specimens from Kanburi come fromabout as far to the southwest as the form has yet been taken in Siam.De Schauensee " obtained a specimen at Chiengmai and another atMetang, which he thinks represents another subspecies but does notname it. PSITTACULA CYANOCEPHALA BENGALENSIS (Forster)Psittacus hengalensis Forster, Indische Zoologie, p. 40, 1781 (Bengal).One male and two females, Muang Kanburi, April 8-11, 1928one female, Pran, June 1, 1928; one female, Bung Borapet, June 241932.The range of this form is from Nepal, Sikkim, eastern Assam,Yunnan, and Burma south to Siam and Tenasserim and east to Laos,Cambodia, Cochinchina, Annam, and southern China. It seemspretty well distributed over the whole of Siam proper. Kloss ^*has recorded it from Koh Lak in southwestern Siam, which seems to beabout the limit of its range in that direction.PSITTACULA HIMALAYANA FINSCHI (Hume)Palaeornis finschi Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, p. 509, 1874 (KoUidoo, Burma).One immature male and one female, Prae, April 28, 1930; one maleand one female, Doi Buak Hua Chang, December 25, 1932; one female,Melang Valley, December 31, 1932; one female, Muang Pai, December29, 1932; one male, Hang Nor Wu, January 14, 1933; one male,Lomkao, February 20, 1934. Dr. Smith also took a male at ChongYam, Burma, January 15, 1933.The United States National Museum has a large series from themountains of Yunnan, but the majority are in molt or are immatureand not comparable. The only full-plumaged male in the series doesnot differ materially from the northern Siamese specimens, exceptthe tips of the middle tail feathers are a clearer yellow, without thepinkish cast of Dr. Smith's birds. I rather think this pinkish washfades out with age. " Jotirn. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 164, 1928. '3 Prof. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 259, 1934." Ibis, 1918, p. 90. 120 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis form ranges from Assam to Burma, Yimnan, Laos, Annam,,and northern Siam and south to Tenasserim. It is a mountain formand has so far been taken in the northern mountain districts only,where it is not uncommon, according to de Schauensee.^*PSITTACULA ALEXANDRI FASCIATA (Miiller)Psittacus fasciatus Muller, Natursystem, SuppL, p. 74, 1776 (Pondicherry).Three females, Doi Angka (lower slopes), December 9, 1928; six:males and three females. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 18-23, 1930;one male, Mekhan, February 1, 1932; one female, Sobpung, December21, 1932; two males and one female, Bangkok, March 4 and October22, 1924, October 28, 1925; three males and two females. Bung Bora-pet, June 21-29, 1932; two males, Lomkao, February 20, 21, 1934;one male, Wang luen, Kanburi, March 12, 1934; two males and fourfemales, Muang Kanburi, April 9-12, 1928, September 24, 1929; threemales and two females, Pak Chong, May 4 and 8, and December 20,1926; one male and one female, Chantuk, June 12, 13, 1934; one-female. Pang Sok, August 24, 1926; one female. Ban Nong Dern Ta,March 2, 1929; one male. Ban Foe Hilom, March 3, 1929; one male,Knong Phra, April 15, 1929; one female, Lat Bua Kao, August 11,1929; three males, Nong Mong, Krabin, August 22-23, 1925; one maleand one female, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 2, 1928; two males andone female, Nong Khor, Sriracha, November 19, 1926, February 7and 9, 1927; two males and one female, Hupbon, May 25, 1925,November 8 and 15, 1931; two males and one female, Nong Yang,November 6, 20, 1931; one female. Ban Tarn Dam, March 6, 1930 ; one male, Kao Seming, Krat, January 2, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected 10 adult males, one immature male, andsix females in Tenasserim (Bok Pyin, February 12-13, 1900; TelokBesar, November 26, 1900; Champang, December 14, 1903; BoyceaPoint, February 12, 1904).Dr. Abbott gives the color of the soft parts as follows: Male ? upper mandible red, horn yellow at the tip, lower mandible dark hornbrown; iris in two rings, inner narrow and green, outer yellow; feetpale green. The female has both the upper and lower mandibles black.This is a very variable form. The sexes are much alike; theprincipal difference is the red upper mandible and dark brown lowermandible in the male. The female has the bill wholly black. Severalyoung in Dr. Smitli's series have the bill wholly red. They are allmarked males, except one, and this might be wrongly sexed. Theonionskin pink of the chest of the female is washed in the male withgrayish \T!olet-blue of varj'ing depths of color.The range of the form is an extensive one, occurring from Kumanto East Assam, eastern Bengal, Burma, and Yunnan south to Siam " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 259, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 121and Tenasserim and east to Laos, Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, andSouth China. It occurs all over Siam except the Peninsular part.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record one from Koh Pra Tung, TakuapahInlet, western Peninsular Siam, and state that it constitutes thesouthernmost record in this direction.P. a. alexandri (Linnaeus) is confined to Java and southern Borneo;no specimens from the latter locality have been examined. Javanspecimens are quite distinct from the mainland form, and it is verydoubtful if they should be regarded as forms of the same species.There is a long gap between the ranges also. Three other forms havebeen separated?one from the Andamans, one from Simalur, and oneirom Nias. PSITTACULA LONGICAUDA LON?ICAUDA (Boddaert)Psittacus longicauda Boddaert, Table des planches enlumiu^ez d'histoire naturelle,p. 53, 1783 (Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and one female, RumpinRiver, Pahang, June 11, 13, 1902; one male, Singapore Island, May28, 1899.He gives the colors of the soft parts of the male from Singapore as:Iris in two rings, the outer pale yellow, the inner green; upper mandiblered, pale brownish at tip; lower mandible horn brown; cere green;feet greenish leaden. He says it is fairly common on the north sideof the mainland, going about in pairs or small flocks of 4 to 10 and upto 30 individuals.This species ranges from Nias, Sumatra, Billiton, and Banka to thesouthern Malay Peninsula, and Borneo.Robinson and Kloss " state that probably this parrot will be foundin the southern part of Patani, as Bonhote has recorded it from UluSelama in North Perak.This is distinguished from the other species of the genus occurringin Siam by having the crown green, cheeks and hindneck geraniumpink, and two broad black malar stripes in the male; in the femalethe malar stripes are dark green, and there is no pink band across thehindneck. PSITTINUS CYANURUS CYANURUS (Forsler)Psittacus cyanurus Forster, Faunula Indica, p. 6, 1795 (Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one immature male, one adult female,and two immature females at Lay Song Hong, Trang, PeninsularSiam, November 24 and December 10, 1896.Dr. Abbott describes the color of the soft parts as follows: Male(no. 180126, East Sumatra)?upper mandible red, tip horn brown,lower mandible horny brown; cere dark brown with a greenish tinge; ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 116, 1923.?" Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 116, 1923. 122 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM iris pale yellow with an inner circle dark green. Female?bill hornbrown, dark above. In the adult female from Trang the iris is givenas white and the feet pale green.The range of the form is from middle Tenasserim through Penin-sular Siam to Singapore, Sumatra, Banka, and Borneo.It is evidently not a common bird in the Malay Peninsula and iserratic in its wanderings. It may be common at times and thendisappear. Robinson and Kloss ^^ state that the only specimens onrecord from Peninsular Siam are two males and a female from Biserat,Jalor, Patani; they had specimens also from Pelarit, Perlis. Mr.Williamson's collector obtained two females and a male at Naihootnear Langsuan.Psittinus cyanurus pontius Oberholser is confined to the MentawiIslands; and Psittinus abbotti Richmond, a related but very distinctspecies, is found on Simalur, islands off the west coast of Sumatra.LORICULUS VERNALIS VEBNALIS (Sparrman)Psittacus vernalis Sparrman, Museum Carlsoniariura, 1787, p. 29 (no locality ^s).One male, Ban Nam Kien, April 21, 1930; one male. Ban TarnDam, southeastern Siam, March 6, 1930; one male, Sriracha, Novem-ber 7, 1924; five males and two females, Koh Chang, January 5-13,1926, March 10, 1930; one female, Wat Kiriwong, Nakon Sritamarat,July 25, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two females in Trang (Prahmon,March 15, 1896; Tyching, June 18, 1896) three females in Tenasserim(Bok Pyin, February 14 and 17, 1900; Champang, December 13, 1903) ; and five males on Sullivan Island, Mergui Archipelago, February 2-4,1900. He records the colors of the soft parts as follows: Bill hornyorange; iris grayisli white; feet dull yellov/.The series from Sullivan Island average more yellowish on the chestand back than the Siamese birds; unfortunately I have only one malespecimen from India for comparison.The form ranges from Sikkim to Annam, eastern Bengal, Burma,Andamans, and all Siam, east to Cambodia, Cochinchina, Laos,Annam, and Tonkin. In Siam proper it ranges pretty much all overthe country and down Peninsular Siam as far as Klong in Selangor,according to Robinson and Kloss. ^?Deignan ^' states that it ascends Doi Sutep to 3,500 feet. 5s Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. Ill, 1923. ?? Stuart Baker, The Fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 2i7, 1927, cives Cachar; Delacour andJabouille, Oiscau.x I'lndochine Francais, vol. 2, p. 160, 1931, Nepaul; both very unlikely localities at thiseiirly date.Mlbis, 191), p. 32.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl.. vol. 8, p. IGl, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 123Family CUCULIDAE: CuckoosCUCULUS MICROPTERUS CONCRETUS S. MullerCuculus concrcius S. Muller, Verhandelingcn over de natuurlijke Geschiedenisder Nederlaiidsche overzeesche bezittingen . . . , p. 236, 1845 (Borneo).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a single male in Trang, February 24^.1899. He describes the soft parts as follows: Iris dark brown; billblack above, greenish beneath; orbital ring yellow; feet yellow.This is a small dark race of C. m. micropterus. The male fromTrang measures: Wing, 177; culmen, 23 mm.Three males of C. m. microiJterus from China measure: Wing, 208-209 (208.5) mm; culmen, 25-27 (26.3) mm. Three females: Wing,207-214 (210.7); culmen, 25-27.5 (26.3) mm.The United States National Museum contains also the following-specimens of C. m. concretus: One male, Baguio, Benquet, Luzon,April 27, 1907; one female, Siak River, eastern Sumatra, January 3,.1907; one male, Tana Bala, Batu islands, off western Sumatra,February 11, 1903; one immature, Malacca.The form ranges apparently from Peninsular Siam to the MalayStates, Sumatra, and adjacent islands, Java, Borneo, and the Philip-pines (Luzon). Dr. Abbott's specimen is the first record of C. m,concretus from Peninsular Siam, but the immature from Malaccabrings up the question whether it is not the resident form in PeninsularSiam and farther south.The specimen listed above from the Batu Islands is grayer abovethan the other three adults, but whether this difference is individualor geographic, I cannot tell. All four adults of concretus are darkerabove and considerably smaller than the series of six adults of wicroj)-terus from China. The measurement of the Trang specimen is givenabove. The other three m.easure: Male, Luzon?wing, 179; culmen,26. Male, Batu Islands?wing, 188; culmen, 21. Female, SiakRiver, eastern Sumatra?wing, 194; culmen, 22 mm.No specimens have been available from Borneo or Java for examina-tion. HIEROCOCCYX SPARVERIOIDES SPARVERIOIDES (Vigors)Cuculus sparverioides Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 173 (Himalayas).One male, Pak Chong, eastern Siam, February 18, 1924.Dr. Smith gives the following note on the colors of the soft parts:Iris brownish yellow; bill black above, dark green below; legs yellow.Gyldenstolpc '^- reports it rather rare at Khun Tan; Deignan ^^records it from Doi Sutep, 2,700-5,500 feet. Lowe ^^ lists it from Um ?* Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 102, 1916.M Jour. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1931," Ibis, 1933, p. 477. 124 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPang, western Siam; de Schauensee ^? from Bangkok, March 1, andlater ^? from the same place, Chiengmai, and Hua Mak; Stuart Baker"from Krabin ; Robinson and Kloss ^ from Nong Kok, Ghirbi, and isletoff Pulo Panjang; earlier ^^ they had recorded it from Trang; Robinson^"reports it from Pulo Dayang Bunting, Langkawi Group, and PuloLontar, also Ko Khan, Trang.This large hawk cuckoo ranges in the Himalayas from Kashmirto eastern Assam and southern China as far north as the Yangtze;southward it reaches Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Laos, Burma,Siam, and down Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, the PhilippineIslands, Borneo, and Java. It is resident in southern China, but inthe Yangtze Valley it migrates south in winter. Whether it is resi-dent in northern Siam I do not know, but in Peninsular Siam andfarther south it is probably only a winter visitor. It has been recordedfrom nearly all parts of Siam, but all the records seem to be of speci-mens taken in winter or earlj' in spring.HIEROCOCCYX FUGAX FUGAX (Horsfleld)Cuculus fugaxIloRSFiEhD, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 178, 1821 (Java).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an immature male at Tyching, Trang,July 22, 1896.He describes the soft parts as: Bill black, greenish yellow at base;orbital skin greenish yellow; feet pale yellow.Dr. Abbott took an older male on Pulo Bintang Rhio (Archipelago),August 6, 1902. The pileum and cheeks on this specimen were be-coming slate gray; the upperparts, which are clove broAVTi, have thebuffy edges to the feathers much reduced; below there are no sj)ots,only streaks of blackish edged with russet; both specimens have asmall white patch at the base of the crest on the nape. Fourth outerprimary a little longer than the third. Bill from nostril, 17 mm.The Trang specimen is a younger bird about fully grown but stillin an early immature plumage. The pileum and upper back areclove brown with narrow huffish fringes to the feathers; breast andbelly with rhomboid blackish spots; cheeks sooty; chin white streakedwith sooty; fourth outer primary a little longer than the third; billfrom nostril, 18 mm.According to Chasen and Kloss's '^ notes on this species, the abovespecimens belong to //. /. jugax. They say that it is the residentform in Peninsular Siam from Bandon south to the IVIalay States.They examined specimens from Bandon and Nakon Sritamarat in ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 573, 1928. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phihulolphia, vol. 80, p. 257, 1934. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 438, 1919.?9 Ibid., p. 98. ?? Ibis, 1911, p. 40." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 157, 1917." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 13, p. 278, 1927. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE M^yLiAY PENINSULA 125Peninsular Siam. It also occurs in Borneo and Java, as well as thePhilippines.Not much seems to be known concerning this form. As most ofthe records are faulty, I shall not give them.HIEROCOCCYX FUGAX NISICOLOR (Blyth)Cuculus nisicolor Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 943, 1843 (Nepal).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one female, Kao Soi Dao, 1,000 feet,Trang, Februaiy 11, 1899.This specimen has the streaked lower parts of the immature. Thethird outer primary is the longest; bill from nostril, 16.5 mm. Thesecharacters place it in this migratory form according to Chasen andand Ivloss's notes.'^^ They say they have examined specimens fromPak Chong, eastern Siam (May); Pulo Terutau (December); PidoRumpia, Sembilan Islands, Straits of Malacca (November, Decem-ber); One Fathom Bank, Straits of Malacca (November); PuloJemar, Aroa Islands, Straits of Malacca (November); Pahang (De-cember); Singapore (January).The range of this form is Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, eastern Bengal,Burma, Siam, southern Annam, Pulo Condore, and south throughPeninsular Siam to the Malay States. Probably it is onlj'^ a summerresident in the north, migrating south in the winter season.mEROCOCCYX VAGANS (S. Muller)Cuculus vagans S. Muller, Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke Geschiedenis derNederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen . . . , p. 233, note, 1845 (Java).One male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 18, 1931; one male, KlongYai, Sriracha, July 25, 1932.August Muller ^^ records a specimen taken on the island of Puket(Salanga) ; Stuart Baker '^* records one from Maprit, Peninsular Siam, inHerbert's collection; Robinson and Kloss " say that they have a fewspecimens from various parts of the Malay Peninsula but mentionno specific localities.Dr. Smith's specimen from Klong Yai, Sriracha, is the farthest eastthe species has been taken to date. It is larger than the Bandon malelisted above, but only 2 mm more than the maximum given by StuartBaker. The wing in the Bandon specimen measures 137.5 mm; thatfrom Sriracha, 155 mm.The species ranges from Tenasserim to southeastern and PeninsularSiam south to the Malay States, Java, and Borneo. " Joiirn. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 13, p. 278, 1927." Die Ornis der Insel Salauga, p. 53, 1882 '< Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 438, 1919. '?Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 151. 1923.33527?.S8 9 126 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCACOMANTIS MERULINUS QUERULUS HeineCacomantis querulus Heine, Journ. fiir Orn., 18G3, p. 352 (Farther India andNepal) . One adult male, Prae, April 10, 1930; one adult male, one immaturemale, and two immature females, Bangkok, October 31, 1923, Septem-ber 3, 1924, August 3, 1926; one immature (not sexed). Pong, Udon,February 17, 1929; one adult male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, March24, 1926; one immature male, Koh Lak, June 22, 1933; one male, KaoSoi Dao, Trang, January 13, 1934; one immature male and oneimmature female, Bangnara, Patani, July 14 and 17, 1926. Dr. Smithalso collected an adult male at Vientiane, Laos, February 23, 1929.Dr. Abbott collected an immature female at Boyces Point, Tenas-serim, February 12, 1904. This specimen has just commenced tochange on the pileum and the throat to the adult plumage. It ismuch lighter on the lowerparts and back than fall-taken immaturefemales but shows little or no wear.Deignan ''^ reports that at Chiengmai it occurs throughout the yearbut that it is rare from September to February; Chasen and Kloss "record it from Raheng, western Siam; Robinson and Kloss ^^ say thatit appears to be present in the Peninsula throughout the year butthat its numbers are greatly augmented during the winter months.The form ranges from eastern Bengal, Assam, and Burma, to Yun-nan, southern China, Tonkin, Laos, Annam, Cambodia, Siam, andPeninsular Siam as far south as Patani. It is migrant in the northernpart of its range but resident in the southern; its numbers in thesouth are augmented in the winter months by northern migrants.Cacomantis merulinus threnodes Cabanis and Heine, a smaller, palerform, inhabits the Malay States, Sumatra, and the Mentawi Islands.So far as known, it has not been taken in Peninsular Siam, but it mayoccur along the southern border.CACOMANTIS SEPULCRALIS SEPULCRAUS (MUlIer)Cuculus sepulcralis S. Muller, Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke Geschiedenisder Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen . . ., p. 177, note, 1839-44(Java and Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott purchased an immature specimen in Penang,said to have been shot in the Province of Wellesley. I place it herewith some doubt.This is a darker and somewhat larger cuckoo than C. merulinusquerulus; the chest is darker, and the cinnamon color extends fartherforward, almost to the chin; the wliite notching on the inner webs ofthe outer tail feathers does not reach the shaft. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1931." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 168, 1928.H Ibis, 1911, p. 40. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 127Eobinson ^^ reports the taldng of a male on Koh Muk, Trang,January 4, 1917; Robinson and Kloss ^? list it from Kao Luang,2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat, and also ^' a male and immaturefemale from Tapli, Pakchan, taken March 4, 1919. Judged from therecords, it is probably not a common permanent resident.The range of the form is Peninsular Siam, the Malay States, SumatraJava, Bah, Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, and the Philippines, exceptthe Sulu Islands.PENTHOCERYX SONNERATII SONNERATII (Latham)Cuculus sonneratii Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 215, 1790 (India).One male and one female, Chiengmai, November 27, 1928; onemale and one female, Muang Pai, December 28, 1932; one female,Hupbon, October 31, 1931.Deignan ^^ reports it unconmion in winter on Doi Sutep to 4,600feet and on the plain; Chasen and Kloss ^^ record it from the RahengDistrict; Gyldenstolpe ^'^ lists it from Bangkok and later *^ from PaHing, northern Siam; Stuart Baker ^^ records it from Hupbon, south-eastern Siam.Apparently tliis cuckoo is an uncommon bird in Siam. It rangesfrom India to Burma, Assam, Siam, South Annam, and Cochinchina,and south to central Tenasserim.PENTHOCERYX SONNERATII MALAYANUS Chasen and KJosaPenthoceryx sonnerati malayanus Chasen and Kloss, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 5,p. 84, 1931 (Kuala Lumpur, Selangor).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males in Trang, January 27, 1897,and January 20, 1899. He gives the soft parts as follows: Iris brown;feet leaden with a greenish tinge ; bill black above, dull leaden brownishat base beneath.These two males measure: Wing, 112-119.5; tail, 99-103; culmen,19.5-20 mm. Two males of P. s. sonnerati collected by Dr. Smith innorthern Siam measure: Wing, 128.5-133; tail, 120-128; culmen,21-21.5 mm. Three females (2, northern Siam; 1, southeasternSiam): W^ing, 126.5-130 (128.2); tail, 116.5-127 (121.7); culmen,20-22 (21 mm). Apparently there is little difference between thesexes. '? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 155, 1917. '" Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 60, 1923. ?? Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 1.53, 192.3." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1931.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 108, 1928. ?< Kuugl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. llandl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 58, 1913." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 2, p. 103, 1916. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 438, 1919. 128 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRobinson and Kloss record a female from Chong, Trang, Decem-ber 27, 1910 ^^; a specimen from Nong Kok, Ghirbi, January 6, 1918 **;and specimens from Kao Ram, 1,200 feet, and Kao Luang, NakonSritamarat.^^ De Schauensee ^? took a male at Nakon Sritamarat onMay 25. August Miiller ^' long ago recorded two specimens from theisland of Piiket (Salanga).Apparently it is not a common bird in Peninsular Siam. The formranges from central Tenasseiim south through Peninsular Siam toSelangor.Chasen and Kloss *^ say that Penthoceryx sonneratii Jasciolatus(S. Miiller) is found in the extreme south of the Malay Peninsula andSumatra. No specimens of this form are available for examination.Penthoceryx sonneratii musicus (Ljungh) inhabits Java. A male ofthis form in the United States National Museum is more russet aboveand with narrower black crossbars than malayanus; below the blackcrossbars are narrower; it is smaller, wing 106 mm.In a young male from the island of Tablas, Philippines, the blackcrossbars above and below are very broad and distinct, more so thanany mainland bird before me (there are immatures from Raheng,Siam) ; the black on the central tail feathers occupies nearly the wholearea and it has a purplish sheen, the russet along the borders reduced.It is nearly adult. The wing measures 118 mm.In the Philippines the species has been recorded from Calamianes,Palawan, and Tablas. ^^ Specimens from these islands probablyrepresent an unnamed form.CHALCITES XANTHORHYNCHUS XANTHORHYNCHUS (Horsfield)Cuculus xanthorhynchus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, voL 13, p. 179,1821 (Java).One male, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 16, 1928; two malesand one female, Nong Yang, near Sriracha, November 9, 1931; onefemale, Bangkok, January 1, 1925; one immature male, Muek Lek,April 25, 1933. Dr. Smith also secured an adult male at Vientiane,Laos, February 20, 1929.The specimen marked "female" from Nong Yang differs somewhatfrom the female from Bangkok, especially in the central tail feathers.In the Nong Yang bird these are barred with bronzy green andcinnamon, while in the Bangkok specimen, they are unbarred, bronzygreen with a purple sheen, the edges and tip cinnamon. The Bangkok " Ibis, 1911, p. 40. ?8 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 98, 1919. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 60, 1923.w Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. S^^, p. 257, 1934. ?' Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, p. 52, 1882. ?> Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 5, p. 84, 1931.M McGregor, A mnnual of Philippine birds, pt. 1, p. 373, 1909. BIRDS FROM SL-UI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 129 bii'd is a little larger. The female from Nong Yang resembles theimmature male from Miiek Lek in the pattern of the tail, except thatthe latter has acquired two of the violet-purple outside feathers andone middle feather of the adult plumage. I consider the Nong Yangspecimen an immature male.The immature male from Muek Lek has acquired the adult plumageon the back, head, and chest; the wings have not changed yet butresemble those of the female, although one new violet-purple secondary-has appeared in the right wing; the tail is barred cinnamon and bronzygreen, somewhat like the outside feathers of the adult female; thegreen bars are closer together and run together along the shaft. Thecinnamon is reduced to mere notches on the old remaining middlefeather; there is one new violet-purple middle feather and two newoutside feathers of the adult male plumage.Three males from the Philippines (Palawan, 2; Mindanao, 1) aresomewhat sm.aller than the Siamese series. The three Philippine malesmeasure: Wing, 92-105 (97.2); culmen, 14-15 (14.7) mm. The fourmales from Siam: Wing, 103.5-108 (105.4); culmen, 16-16.5 (16.1) mm.No specimens from Java are available for comparison.For some reason, probably because of its habits, there are few recordsof the violet cuckoo for Siam.Ogilvie-Grant ^* records specimens from Patani ; Williamson ^^ fromBangnara, Patani, and Bangkok; Robinson and Kloss ^^ from theeastern boundary of Trang; Robinson ^^ from Ban Kok Klap, Ban-don; and de Schauensee ^* from Bua Yai, Sriracha, and NakonSritamarat.The species ranges from Bengal east of the Bay and to Burma, Siam,Laos, Cochinchina, South Annam, and south through Peninsular Siamto the Malay States, Nicobar and Andaman Islands, Sumatra, Java,Borneo, and the Philippines.The m.ale of this species is easily distinguished. It is a beautiful,shining, dusky violet above and on the chest and throat; breast whitebarred with purple and dark green; bill yellow. The female can bediflerentiated from the same sex of maculatus by the different color ofthe pilcum, back, and central tail feathers; in maculatus, the pileumand hindneck are cinnamon, with slight dusky crossbars, while innwthorhynchus they are natal brown, with faint crossbars of pecanbrown; the back in the latter is shining olive, with lilac-purple iri-descence in certain lights, each feather edged with orange-cinnamon;in waculatus the back and wings are a shining coppery emerald-green;in xanthorhync/ius the feathers of the wing are like the back and broadly " Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, 105, 1905.? Jotirn. N'at. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 25, 1918.? Ibis. 1911, p. 41. ?' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 93, 1915." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 257, 1934. 130 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMedged with orange-cinnamon ; the middle tail feathers in the latter area bronzy green in certain lights, broadly edged on the outer web andnarrowly tipped with mikado brown; in other lights they are a bronzylilac purple with a green sheen; the middle tail feathers of maculatusare emerald green with dusky tips.CHALCITES MACULATUS (Gmelin)Trogon maculatus Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 404, 1788 (Ceylon,error; Pegu).One female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 17, 1934.The range of the species is the Himalayas from Kuman to Assam,Burma, and western China (in Szechwan as far north as Wenchwan),Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Siam, and south through PeninsularSiam to the Malay States. In Siam it has been recorded on Doi Sutepby Deignan^^ and others; Stuart Baker ^ from Samray, near Bangkok;de Schauensee ^ from Bangkok and later ^ from Chiengdao and BuaYai ; Lowe * found it on the Klong Klung River, western Siam ; Robin-son and Kloss ^ report it from Nong Kok, Ghirbi. Earlier ^ they hadrecorded it from the eastern boundary of Trang.As this species breeds far north in western China and in Indiaapparently in the mountains, it must move south in winter, at leastin the northern part of its range. It may breed in the mountains ofnorthern Siam, but in Peninsular Siam and the Malay States it prob-ably is only a winter visitor.Tlie color of the male is a beautiful shining emerald-green above andon the throat and chest; breast and belly white, barred with bronzygreen; wing, 115 mm. The female is bronzy green above; the pileumand hindneck cinnamon, with a few dusky bars; below, including thethroat, white, barred with bronzy green; the central tail featherscolor of the back with a dusky tip; rest, except outer pair, cinnamonwith bronzy green interrupted bars, a bronzy green or dusky sub-terminal bar and white or cinnamon tip, the outer pair of featherswith white bars on the outer w^eb and extending about halfway acrosson the inner; bill in both sexes yellow, dusky at the tip.There are not many records for Siam, but this is probably due tosome peculiarity of the bird's habits. ?? Journ. Biam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1931. ' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 439, 1919.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 574, 1928. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 257, 1934. * Ibis, 1933, p. 477. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. vol. 3, p. 98, 1919. ?Ibis, 1911, p. 41. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 131CHALCITES MALAYANUS MALAYANUS (Raffles)Cuculus malayanus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 286, 1822(Malay Peninsula).One male, Yala, Patani, February 1, 1931.This form of cuckoo has not been taken north of Patani, whence itwas recorded by Ogilvie-Grant.^ Dr. Smith's specimen is apparentlythe second record. In the Malay States it has been recorded morefrequently.The form ranges from Patani in Peninsular Siam to the MalayStates, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the southern Philippines, and Celebes.Hartert and Stresemann,^ in their paper on the Indo-Australianforms of the genus, divide Chalcites malayanus into 10 races, two un-named. Tliej all occur on islands to the south of the range of theMalay race and reach Australia.Dr. Smith's specimen from Patani has a longer wing than a malefrom Java and two males from Pulo Panjang, Borneo. The wingsof the males in the United States National Museum measure asfollows: Patani, 98; Java, 94; Borneo, 90-93; Celebes, 90 mm.The female of this form is similar to the male but with an intensifiedpurple sheen to the green above. The pileum is like the back, a dullbronzy green with purplish reflections; the middle tail feathers arelike the back, with a subterminal dusky tip. The female should notbe confused with the same sex of the other two members of the genusoccurring in Siam. The male is green above, with purplish-bronzyreflections. SURNICULUS LUGUBRIS DICRUROIDES (Hodgson)Pseudornis dicruroides Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 8, p. 136, 1839(Nepal).One male, Hupbon, November 5, 1931 ; one male, Nong Yang, westof Sriracha, November 6, 1931; one male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha,March 22, 1926; one male, Tha Chang, west of Korat, March 20, 1927;one male and one female, Kao Sabap, November 16 and 19, 1933; onemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 8, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male on Pulo Langkawi, Langkawi Group,December 3, 1899, that measures: Wing, 146.5; tail, 120; culmen, 20mm.The wing of the Langkawi bird is longer than any in the series takenby Dr. Smith in southeastern Siam and apparently belongs to thenorthern form. It was taken in winter, and it is probable the northernform may wander south at this season of the year; the male taken byDr. Smith in Trang apparently also belongs to the northern form.The Kao Sabap male is small; wing, 134; it may be a bird of the year. ' Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 105, 1905.8 Nov. Zool., vol. 32, pp. 160-163, 1925. 132 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRobinson and Kloss,^ however, assign all Peninsular birds north ofPatani to the northern form. I think they are intermediate, but nospecimens from the Malay States have been available for examination.Four males collected by Dr. Smith in southeastern Siam measure:Wing, 135.5-142.5 (138.7); tail, 122-138 (128.6); culmen, 20-21 (20.4mm).Gyldenstolpe ^'^ took a female at Ban Meh Na, a small village at thefoot of Chiengdao Mountain in northern Siam, June 24; Deignan ^^reports it occasionally seen in March, August, and September atChiengmai; de Schauensee *^ records it from Bangkok, March 27;Baker" from Krabin and Pak Chong; Kloss ^'^ from Koh Lak, south-western Siam. Judged from the records, the form is not a commonbird in Siam proper.The form ranges from Upper India, Assam, Burma, Yunnan, andSiam to Laos, Tonkin, Annam, Cochincliina, Cambodia, and southernChina. In Peninsular Siam it ranges as far south as latitude 10? N.,according to Stuart Baker. ^^SURNICULUS LUGUBRIS BARUSSARUM OberholserSurniculus lugubris barussarum Oberholser, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 60,no. 7, p. 5, 1912 (Tana Bala Island, Batu Islands).Surniculus lugubris brachyurus Stresemann, Nov. Zool., vol. 20, p. 340, 1913(Bentong, Pahang).One male, Koh Samui, Bandon, August 7, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott took one male at Tyching, Trang, July 1, 1896;one male and one female, Trang, January 26 and 29, 1899. He de-scribes the soft parts as follows: Iris dark brown; biU black; feet leadenblue.Robinson and Kloss ^^ give it as a common resident throughout theMalay Peninsula. The birds from north of the Malay States areprobably intermediate, but on geographic grounds I am placing themwith the southern form.Three males from Trang (2) and Bandon (1) measure: Wing, 127-135 (131); tail, 114.5-131 (120.2); culmen, 19.5-21 (20.2 mm).Ogilvie-Grant ^^ has recorded it from Patani, and from there it isfound as far north as Bandon. The form ranges from the extremesouthern Malay States north to latitude 10? N., Sumatra, and theBatu Islands.Surniculus lugubris lugubris (Horsfield) is confined to Java and Bali. ? JourD. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 150, 1923.>o Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 102, 1916. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1931; vol. 10, p. 88, 1936.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philalelphia, vol. 80, p. 573, 1928. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 439, 1919. ?? Ibis, 1918, p. 97.i? The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 165, 1927. "Ibis, 1911, p. 39." Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 106, 1905. BIRDS FROM vSIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 133CLAMATOR COROMANDUS (Linnaeus)Cuculus coromandus Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 171, 1766 (Coro-mandel Coast).One male, Ban Nam Kien, near Nan, April 19, 1930; one male andone female, Bangkok, January 26 and September 14, 1925; one male,Pran, southwestern S am, June 1, 1928.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Klmn Tan; Deignan" says that it isapparently migratory at Chicngmai, where he noted it in February,March, July, September, and November; Barton ^? lists it from theRaheng District; de Schauensee -^ from Bangkok, March 3, and PakDjong, April 5; Robinson ^^ from Langkawi, Terutau, and PuloTelibun, Trang; Robinson and Kloss^^ from Kao Keo, Nakon Srita-marat. The latter authors say it is not uncommon in the wintermonths over the whole of the Malay Peninsula.^^ De Schauensee ^^on his third journey to Siam took a male at Petrieu, October 16.The range of the species is the Indian Peninsula and Ceyloneast to Assem, Burma, Siam, Laos, Tonkin, Cochinchina, Annam, andsoi'thern China and south through Peninsular Siam to the MalayStates, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes.This cuckoo is only a sum.mer resident in the northern part of itsrange, moving south in winter; in the Malay Peninsula and south itis supposed to be only a winter visitor.EUDYNAMYS SCOLOPACEA MALAYANA Cabanis and HeineEudynamis malayana Cabanis and Heine, Museum Heineanum, pt. 4, p. 52,1863 (Sumatra).Four males and one female, Bangkok, September 19-October 5,1924, November 9, 1925, April 1, 1926; one male. Pang Sok, August19, 1926; one female, Vichienburi, February 26, 1934; one immaturemale, Muang Kanburi, April 14, 1928; one female, Bandon, January5, 1927; one male, Koh Tao, off Bandon, September 22, 1928; onemale, Koh Pangan, off Bandon, July 31, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males in Trang (Prahmon, April 5,1896; Kantany, January 16-17, 1897; Trang, February 10, 1897);two males, Pulo Berhala, Straits of Malacca, November 11, 1905;and two males and one female, Mergui Archipelago (Domel Island,January 23, 1904 ; South Twin Island, January 27, 1900). He describesthe soft parts as: Iris vermihon; bill duU homy green; feet leaden.I have grave doubts whether specimens from Siam and Peninsular 18 Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. HandL, vol. 5fi, no. 2, p. 101, 1916.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1931; vol. 10, p. 88, 1936. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 107, 1914.SI Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 573, 1928.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. l.'iS, 1917.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 59, 1923. '< Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 150, 1923. 'S Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 257, 1934. 134 BULLETIN 17 2, TNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSiam really belong to malayana. The only males of the form ex-amined by me from farther south are a specimen from Java and onefrom Pulo Babi, west of Sumatra. Both have a steely-blue sheento the upperparts, especially the tail, that cannot be matched byany of the specimens from Peninsular Siam or Siam proper. The billalso seems to be larger. The culmen of the Java male measures34 mm; that from Pulo Babi, 35.5 mm. Seven males from theMalay Peninsula (Trang, 5; Straits of Malacca, 2) have culmens of30-34 (32.3) mm; five males from Siam proper, 27-34 (30.2) mm.There seems to be a gradual decrease in the size of the bill from southto north.The female from Domel Island is quite different from the threefemales from Siam listed above. The upperparts, wings, and tailare spotted and barred with white; the streaks on the pileum onlylight buffy; below the streaks or bars are white. The three femalesfrom Siam are spotted or barred with ochraceous-ta\vny, especiallythe tail; only a few scattered spots on the mantle being white. Belowthey are warm buff.In southern China and Indo-China a smaller race, Eudynamysscolopacea chinensis Cabanis and Heine, occurs. The only femalesI have seen of this form are black and white like the female fromDomel Island. Some of the small-billed specimens from Siam mayreally belong to the Chinese race. La Touche^^ says that it is onlya summer resident in southeastern China and consequently must gosouth in winter. The material at my command is not sufficient tosettle the question at present, and I am following previous authors inrecognizing only one race in Siam.Robinson and Kloss " say that it is a migratory bird in the Peninsulaand Robinson ^^ confirms this statement.Some form of tliis koel has been recorded from nearly all overSiam proper and Peninsular Siam into the Malay States. Deignan"found it at Chiengmai in March and May. Herbert^" fo\md itbreeding in central Siam, parasitic on the crow. As a rule only oneegg is found in a nest, but sometimes three or four occur.ZANCLOSTOMUS JAVANICUS PALLIDUS Robinson and KlossZanclostomus javanicus pallidus Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated Malay-States Mus., vol. 10, pt. 3, p. 203, 1921 (Kehdah Peak, 2,500-3,500 feet,Malay Peninsula).Two females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 21 and 27, 1933;one unsexed, Kao Chong, Trang, September 1, 1933; one female,Waterfall, Trang, August 25, 1933. >? A liandbook of the birds of eastern China, vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 55, 1931.Mlbl-s. 1911, p. 41. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus.. vol. 7, p. 160, 1917. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. ICO, 1931. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 304, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 135Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, October 1, 1896; Trang, January 24, 1897; KaoSoi Dao, 1,500 feet, February 15 and 25, 1899); and one male at theDindings, Straits of Malacca, April 15, 1900. He gives the color ofthe soft parts as follows: Iris very dark red; bill red, black at baseof culmen; naked orbital skin blue; feet lead color.This form ranges from southern Tenasserim and southwesternSiam south through Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.Ogilvie-Grant^' records it from Patani; Robinson and Kloss^^list it as common in Trang; Robinson ^^ records it from near BankokKlap, Bandon; Robinson and Kloss^* list it from Kao Ram, 1,000feet, and Kao Luang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat; de Schauensee^*received seven specimens from Nakon Sritamarat; Robinson andKloss ^^ say this is a hill bird, fairly common in heavy jungle.A darker form, Zandostomus javanicus javanicus (Horsfield), isconfined to Java.RHOPODYTES TRISTIS LONGICAUDATUS (BIyth)Phoenicophaes longicaudatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 10, p. 923,1841 (Moulmein, Tenasserim).One male, Doi Nangka, November 18, 1930; one female, Aranya,July 22, 1930; one female. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 22, 1930; onemale, Gengkoi, on the Pasak River, October 16, 1932; two males andone female, Lat Bua Kao, July 31 and August 10, 1929; one female,Hin Lap, December 12, 1931 ; two males, one female, and one unsexed,Pak Chong, November 19-30, 1929, June 25, 1934; one female, LamKlong Lang, Pak Chong, June 7, 1925; two males. Ban Haad Hai,March 2 and July 12, 1929; one male. Ban Hoa Kam, February 28,1929; three males and one female, Huey Yang, Sriracha, August 2-6,1932; one female, Klong Yai, Sriraclia, July 23. 1932; one male andone female, Nong Yang, east of Sriracha, October 20 and November 7,1931 ; one male and one female, Hupbon, October 27 and November 2,1931; one male, Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 11, 1926; one male, KaoSabap, November 14, 1933; one male, and two females, Koh Chang,January 7-13, 1926; one female, Koh Kut, May 25, 1929; one male,Muang Kanburi, April 7, 1928; four males and two females, Pran,April 2-3, 1931 ; one male, Koh Lak, June 23, 1933 ; one male, Tha Lo,Bandon, September 27, 1931 ; one female, Nakon Sritamarat, Septem-ber 27, 1926; one female. Ban Tha Yai, west of Nakon Sritamarat,July 9, 1928; one female, Kao Chong, Trang, August 30, 1933; one ?' Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 104, 1905.?Ihis, 1911, p. 42." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 94, 191.^. ** Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 60, 1923.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 258, 1934."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 156, 1923. 136 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMfemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 8, 1934; one female, Yala,Patani, February 2, 1931 ; two males, Bangnara, Patani, May 13, 1924,July 3, 1926.Dr. Smith gives the colors of the soft parts as follows: Iris darkbrown; bill light green; feet dusky green or (in a specimen fromPatani) blue.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and four females, Trang(Prahmon, February 20-April 3, 1896; Tyching, July 4, 1896;Kantany, January 15, 1897); and two males, Mergui Archipelago(Domel Island, February 27; Heifer Island, March 6, 1900). Hegives the following notes on the soft parts: Iris dark red; bill lightgreen, space about nostril dark red; tarsi dull olive or leaden; nakedorbital space dull red.Tliis form ranges nearly all over Siam and down Peninsular Siamto the Malay States; it extends to Tenasserim and southern Burma,Laos, Tonldn, Annam, Cochinchina, and southern China. It seemsto be common in Siam proper, but in the Malay States it is less so andconfined almost exclusively to the liilis.^^ It also has been recordedfrom Koh Samui"* and Kao Nawng, 3,000 feet, Bandon,^^ by Robinson.Herbert *? says that the breeding season in central Siam extends fromApril 3 to August 13. The clutch consists of two or three eggs.Herbert gives a description of the nest and eggs. De Schauensee**states that it appears to ascend the hills higher in summer than itdoes in winter. Aagaard took it at 4,600 feet on Doi Sutep.*^There is some uncertainty about the application of Lesson's Meliastristis. He gave no locality. Hartert ^^ states that he accepts Pegu.If he is upheld, it seems to me that the Siamese race will become R. t.tristis and the form from northern India ^nll become R. t. monticolus(Blyth).''* RHOPODYTES DIARDI DIARDI (Lesson)Melias diardi Lesson, Traits d'ornithologie, p. 132, 1831 (Java, error; Ilartert "substitutes Sumatra).One male, Bukit, Patani, January 27, 1931.Dr. W, L. iVbbott collected a female near Kao Nok Ram, Trang,January 5, 1899, and gives the following note on the soft parts:Feet dull leaden; bill green, a pale blue spot over the nostril.Bonhote*^ and Ogilvie-Grant *^ record this form from Patani; " Robinson, The birds of tlie Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 79, 1928." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 146, 1915.? Ibid., p. 94." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 304, 1924. <" Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 258, 1934.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 235, 1932.? Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 545, 1902.? Journ. Asiat. Soc. Dcngal, vol. 11, p. 1095, 1842." Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 545, 1902." Proc. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, p. 75, 1901.* Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 103, 1905. BIRDS FROM SIAJM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 137Robinson and Kloss^^ report it rare in Trang, where they securedonly two si)ecimens; later ^^ they record a female from Nong Kok,Ghirbi; de Schauensee^? obtained three specimens in Nakon Srita-niarat. Barton's record from the Raheng District *' later was ques-tioned by Glydenstolpe."The species is not a common bird in Peninsular Siam, being com-moner in the extreme south and the Malay States. It ranges fromSumatra to the Malay States and northward through PeninsularSiam to southern Tenasserim.1 have examined only three specimens from the Malay Peninsulaand two from Sumatra, and these apparently do not show any materialdifferences. A closely related form, Rhopodytes diardi borneensisSalvadori, is confined to Borneo.RHOPODYTES SUMATRANUS (Raffles)Cuculus sumatranus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 287, 1822(Sumatra and adjacent islands).Two males, Bangnara, Patani, May 13, 1924, July 10, 1926; onefemale, Yala, Patani, January 29, 1931; one male and one female,Patalung, July 7, 1929; four females, Tha Lo, Bandon, September15-30, 1931 ; two females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 4 and 15, 1934.Dr. Smith describes the soft parts as: Bill grayish green; feet darkgreen; circumorbital skin orange-red.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Four males and threefemales, Trang (Prahmon, February 23-March 22, 1896; Lay SongHong, August 15 and November 12, 1896); two males and two females,Trengganu (Tanjong Dungan, September 20; Dungun River, Septem-ber 22; and Packa, September 27, 1900); one male and one female,Singapore Island, May 16 and 29, 1899; one male, Pulo Rupat, Straitsof Malacca, March 15, 1906.Dr. Abbott gives the following notes on the soft parts: Iris darkred, sclerotic pale blue or white (5), reddish orange (1), brown, sur-rounded by a pale blue ring, outside this a darker blue (1), pale blueor blue (5), bluish white (1); bill light green; feet slate; orbital spaceorange-red, posterior angle blood red.Judged from the above, the color of the iris must vary considerably ; according to the sexing, it is not due to sex, but possibly age or season.One male from vSumatra, one male from Banka, and one femalefrom Billiton are the only typical specimens available for comparison.They do not seem to differ from mainland birds. "Ibis, 1911, p. 42. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 99, 1919. ?0 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 268, 1934. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 107, 1914.?! Ibis, 1920, p. H95. 138 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMA series of five males and three females from Borneo are smallerand paler on the throat, and the chestnut of the breast is more re-stricted than in mainland specimens. Ten males from the MalayPeninsula measure: Wing, 132.5-151 (144); tail, 209-230 (221.7);culmen, 30-36.5 (33.5) mm. Five males from Borneo: Wing, 130-145 (136.2); tail, 209-224 (214); culmen, 30-33.5 (31.7) mm.Robinson " records R. sumatranus from Lem Pia, Telibun Straitsand Krongmon, Trang; Robinson and Kloss ^* from Nong Kok, Ghirbi.It does not seem to be a common bird in Peninsular Siam.The range is from Sumatra, Banka, and Billiton to the Malay-States and north through Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.A slightly smaller race {Rhopodytes s. minor Riley) occurs in Borneo.UROCOCCYX EEYTHKOGNATHUS ERYTHROGNATHUS (Hartlaub)Phoenicophaes erythrognathus Hartlaub, Systematisches Verzeichniss der natural-historischen Sammlung der Gesellschaft Museum [von Bremen], p. 95, 1844(Sumatra).One male and three females, Bangnara, Patani, May 9 and June 2,1924, July 15 and 18, 1926; one male, Yala, Patani, January 30, 1931;two mules and one female, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17and 23, 1928; one male and one female, Huey Yang, Kao Luang,October 9, 1930; one male, Sichol, Bandon, May 22, 1930; one maleand one female, Tha Lo, Bandon, May 22, 1930, September 15, 1931;one male and one female, Waterfall, Trang, August 25, 1933; one male,Kao Chong, Trang, September 3, 1933; one male, Kao Soi Dao,Trang, January 12, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens: Five malesand two females, Trang (Prahmon, March 14, 1896; Lay Song Hong,September 9, 1896; Trang, January 31-February 4, 1897; Kao NomPlu, 1,000 feet, February 25, 1897 and Kao Nok Ram, 1,000 feet,January 4, 1899); one female, Pulo Langkawi, December 4, 1899; twomales and two females, Trengganu (Tanjong Dungun, September20 and 24, 1900; Packa River, September 24, 1900; Tanjong Laboha,September 30, 1900); one male, Endau River, Pahang side, June 27,1901; one male, Endau River, Johore, June 29, 1901; one male andone female, Tenasserim (Victoria Point, December 17, 1900; BokPyin, February 12, 1900).Dr. Abbott gives the following note on the soft parts: Bill green,dull red at base; feet dark leaden; orbital space dark crimson; spoton lower eyelid white; iris blue (male), yellow (female).Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Tasan, Chumporn, and thisseems to be about its northern limit on the Siamese side of the Isth-mus. In Tenasserim it has been taken as far north as Yea. South- ?> Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 158, 1917." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 99, 1919. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 158, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 139 ward from these localities it seems to be fairly well distributedthroughout Peninsular Siam, the Malay States, Sumatra, and Banka.A closely related form, Urococcyx erythrognathus borneensis (Blasiusand Nehrkorn), inhabits Borneo.RHINORTHA CHLOROPHAEA CHLOROPHAEA (Raffles)Cuculus chlorophaeus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 288, 1822(Sumatra).Four males and three females, Bangnara, Patani, May 28, 1924,July 7-19, 1926; one female, Bukit, Patani, January 26, 1931; twofemales, Patalung, July 8, 1929; one male and one female, KaoLuang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17 and 22, 1928; two males and twofemales, Sichol, Bandon, September 5, 1929, May 20 and 24, 1930;one female, Kao Chong, Trang, August 29, 1933; one female, KaoSoi Dao, January 22, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, September 7-15, 1896; Trang, January 25-February2, 1897); one male and one female, Trengganu (Tanjong Dungun,September 19, 1900 and Dungun River, September 1900); one female,Endau River, east coast of Johore, July 13, 1901; and one male,Rumpin River, Pahang, May 27, 1902. He describes the soft partsas: Iris dark brown; bill pale green; orbital sldn pale greenish blue;feet leaden blue.Apparently there are no material differences between specimensfrom northern Peninsular Siam, southern Peninsular Siam, and theMalay States and those from Sumatra. Southern birds have some-what shorter tails. Specimens from Borneo represent a distinctform, however, with appreciably shorter tails and the shadow barringon the tails of the males less distinct and the throat and foreneck inthe females, as a rule, washed with huffy; the latter sex also is some-w^hat darker on the back than the mainland formSeven males from Trang (4), Bandon (2), and Nakon Sritamarat (1)measure: Wing, 114-118.5 (115.9); tail, 170-177 (172.6); culmen,27-30.5 (28.9) mm. Four males from Patani, one from Trengganu,and one from Pahang: Wing, 112-117.5 (114.6); tail, 160-177 (168.5);culmen, 26-31 (28.5) mm. Five males from Sumatra: Wing, 110-119(115.8); tail, 161-169 (166.2); culmen, 26.5-28 (27.3) mm. One malefrom Tana Masa, Batu Islands: Wing, 121 ; tail, 182.5 ; culmen, 29 mm.Ten males from Borneo: Wing, 110-119 (114.6); tail, 149.5-169.5(159); culmen, 26-28 (27) mm.The male from the Batu Islands may represent an undescribedform. It has a considerably longer wing and tail than any malemeasured from elsewhere. 140 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRhinortha chlorophaea chlorophaea ranges from Sumatra to theMalay States and northward through Peninsuhir Siam to Yea,Tenasserim. Robinson and Kloss^^ record it from Taph, Pakchan.Rhinortha chlorophaea fuscigularis Stuart Baker is confined toBorneo. CENTROPUS SINENSIS INTERMEDIUS HumeCentropus intcrmedhis Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 454, 1873 (Dhoon, Daccaand Thaj^etmyo) . One male, Bung Borapet, June 21, 1932; two adult males, oneimmature male, and one immature female, Bankgok, February 13,March 11, April 28, and October 22, 1924; one male, Sakeo, nearKrabin, May 6, 1928; one male, Knong Plira, Pak Chong, April 14,1929; one male Nong Klior, near Sriracha, March 19, 1926; one male,Chantuk, June 12, 1934; two males, Muang Kanburi, April 9, 1928;one adult female and one immature female, Koh Pangan, off Bandon,July 30-31, 1931 ; one male and three fenuiles, Koh Tao, December 28,1926, September 17-20, 1928; one female, Patalung, July 9, 1929;one female, Pak Bhayoon, Tale Sap, July 11, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, April 2 and 4, 1896; and Tyching, May 24, 1896); and twofemales in Tenasserim (Maliwun, March 21, 1900; Telok Besar,February 29, 1904).The present form ranges from Assam south of the Brahmaputra,Burma, Siam, French Indo-China, Hainan, and Peninsular Siam asfar south as Trang at least. In Siam it occurs nearly all over thecountry from the north, where it has been recorded by Gyldenstolpe ^^from Khun Tan and Doi Par Sakeng; and by Deignan ^^ from Chieng-mai. It has been reported from other localities to at least as farsouth as Trang in Peninsular Siam. Herbert ^^ found it nesting incentral Siam from May until September 20, laying three or four eggs.It has also been found on many of the islands aroimd the coast of Siam.Delacour and Jabouille ^^ state that the specimens from Indo-Chinaare intermediate between this race and C. s. sinensis. The latter isa larger race occuring in southern China.The immature female from Bangkok was collected February 13and is about half grown. It must therefore have been hatched at alater date than the last date given by Herbert.CENTROPUS BENGALENSIS BENGALENSIS (Gmelln)Cuculus bengalensis Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 412, 1788 (Bengal)^One immature male and one immature female, Bangkok, May 12and 13, 1924; one male, nearly adult, Bung Borapet, June 24, 1932.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 158, 1923.? Kiiiiel. Svenska Vet.-Ai-ad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 2, p. lOr, 1916. "Journ. Siam ?oc. Xat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 100, 1031. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 305, 1925.w Oiseaux I'lndochine Franjaise, vol. 2, p. 187, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 141The male from Bung Borapet has assumed the adult plumage,except on the tail, where one new central tail feather on the left sideis coming in. The head and lower parts are purplish black, while injavanensis, of Peninsular Siam, these parts are greenish black; thenorthern form is brighter and more russet on the back.The range of this form is the southwestern coast of India, Bengal,Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Siam proper, Laos, Tonldn, Annam,Cochinchina, and southeastern Cliina. In Siam it has been recordedfrom nearly all over the country and as far to the southwest as thePetchaburi District, where it was recorded b}^ Gairdner^'; to thesoutheast de Schauensee ^^ has recorded it from Sriracha. It is muchless common than C. sinensis intermedius.Herbert ?^ found two nests of five and six eggs at Bun Khang(Samkok), June 28 and July 19; and he received one set of three fresheggs from Ban Yang (Tachin), August 15; he gives a description ofthe nest and eggs.CENTROPUS BENGALENSIS JAVANENSIS (Dumont)Cuculus javanensis Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. 11, p. 144, 1818 (Java).One immature female, Yala, Patani, February 2, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male, Tyching, Trang, May 23,.1896; an immature female, Prahmon, Trang, April 2, 1896; and anadult female on the Bindings, Straits of Malacca, April 15, 1900.The adult male taken at Tyching, Trang, was caught while sittingon a nest containing three eggs, in which incubation had commenced.These were saved and are now in the collection. The eggs are oval,dull white, with little or no gloss, and measure 30.2 b}^ 25.3, 29.2 by 25,and 28.7 by 24.4 mm.Three specimens (two females and one unsexed) from Java and onemale from Banka are available for comparison.The adult male from Trang agrees with the male from Banka andthe unsexed specimen (almost certainly a male) from Java in havingthe black of the head and lowerparts with a greenish sheen rather thanthe purplish of C. h. hengalcnsis. The males in this species seem tabe smaller than the females; this also is the case in other cuckoos.The range of the form seems to be Peninsular Siam, Sumatra,Banka, Java, Bali, Borneo, Natuna Islands, and the Philippines.The range in Peninsular Siam is not determined. It certainly goesnorth to Trang.Stresemann ^^ in liis revision of the species includes in this form twospecimens from Salanga (Puket). ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 150, 1915." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 259, 1934. ?3 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 306, 1924.M Nov. Zool., vol. 19, p. 337, 1912.33527?38 10 142 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCARPOCOCCYX RENAULDI OustaletCarpococcyx renauldi Oustalet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 2, p. 314, 1896(Kuangtri, Annam).One immature male, Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam, August 11, 1929.Unfortunately no adult specimens are available for comparison.Tliis genus consists of large, long-legged, ground cuckoos. It is very-rare in collections.The forehead and throat in the above specimen are russet; thecrown, nape, and hindneck are black, with a purple sheen; a fewblacldsh violet feathers are appearing on the jugulum; back andscapulars olive-gray; lower back dusky, with roods-brown tips andmottlings to the feathers; rump mixed white and orange-cinnamon,with narrow dusky crossbars; upper tail coverts dusky green; chestwhite, with narrow dusky irregular crossbars; breast wliite; sides andflanks like the chest, the flanks with some orange-cinnamon tips tothe feathers; thighs wliite vermiculated with dusky; under tail covertsdusky with mikado-brown tips, the longer feathers dusky green wiithcinnamon tips; bastard wing dusky violet tipped with cinnamon;primary coverts dusky green with dusky violet along the outer marginand tipped with cinnamon; primaries dusky violet, becoming duskygreenish toward the base on the inner feathers and tipped withcinnamon; secondaries dark olive-gray, with greenish and purpUshreflections; wing coverts like the back the greater darker and withcinnamon tips; tail dusky \aolet. The specimen is in molt. Onlytwo old feathers of the tail remain, but two new ones are coming inand are about 2 inches long; in color they are like the old ones.Stuart Baker ^^ records a pair in the Herbert collection from PakChong; de Schauensee ^^ lists a female from Pak Djong, about 60miles west of Korat, collected April 5. Gyldenstolpe ^^ says that ithad recently been obtained in Peninsular Siam, but this must be anerror, as Robinson and Kloss do not give it from there and I haveseen no records.The species ranges from Tonkin, Annam, Laos, and Cambodia toeastern Siam and probably southeastern Siam.Family TYTONIDAE: Barn OwlsTYTO ALBA JAVANICA (Gmelin)Strix javanica Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 1, p 295, 1788 (Java).Two males, Bangkok, October 17, 1923, and October 17, 1929; onefemale. Lam Klong Lang, Pak Chong, June 13, 1925; one male, ThaLuang, October 23, 1932.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 441, 1919.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliiladelphia, vol. 80, p. 574, 1928. ?' Ibis, 1920, p. 596. BIRDS FROM vSIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 143The three males are pure white below, sparsely marked withsagittate black spots; the female is light cimiamon-buff and moreheavily marked with black spots. A male from Depok, Java, in theUnited States National Museum is darker above than the Siamesespecimens; below it is a slightly deeper bufl' than the female fromSiam. The Java male is also somewhat smaller; wing, 290 mm.The three males from Siam measure: Wing, 308, 305, and 305 mm; thefemale, 312 mm.The Siamese and Javan specimens are somewhat different and Ibelieve eventually will be recognized as belonging to different forms,but for the present I place them here as other authors have done. Ifanyone has compared mainland and Javan specimens in adequateseries, I have not noted it.Gyldenstolpe ?^ records it as very abundant at Bangkok; Gairdner "^from Petchaburi; Deignan ''^ reports it rather common at Cliiengmai;Herbert ^^ gives it as very common at Bangkok and breeding inJanuary and February and laying five or six eggs to a set.The form ranges from Ceylon and India to Burma and souththrough the Malay Peninsula to Java.PHODILUS BADIUS ABBOTTI OberholaerPhodilus badius abbotti Oberholser, Joiirn. Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 14,p. 302, 1924 (Province of Wellesley, Federated Malay States).One male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, southeastern Siam, September23, 1925; one male, Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam, August 14, 1929.Dr. Abbott purchased the type in Penang; it was said to have beenshot in the Province of Wellesley.Besides the above, the United States National Museum contains afemale from the Raheng District, Siam. This small series agreeswith the type of the form. A male from Buitenzorg, Java, while notdiffering much in color, is considerably smaller. The wing measures178 mm. The wings of two males from Siam measure 199 and 203mm; of the female, 224 mm; the type of abbotti, 198 mm.Robinson " questions the distinctiveness of abbotti and unites itwith badius. The measurements he gives show the Malay Peninsulaspecimens to be somewhat larger than those of Java and the sexes arenot segregated. If his views should prove correct, the name for theSiamese birds would be Phodilus badius badius (Horsfield).Gyldenstolpe ^^ took a single specimen at Khun Tan. Chasen andKloss '* record a single female from Huey Yah Pla, Raheng District ?' Ibis, 1920, p. 754. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 150, 1915. '" Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl.. vol. 8, p. 16.S, 1931. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 326, 1926. '2 Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 47, pp. 121-122, 1927.? Ibis, 1920, p. 754. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 1C3, 192S. 144 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM(this is the female mentioned above). Apparently it is not recordedfrom Peninsular Siam, but it must occur there. Robinson and Kloss '*say it is a bird of extreme rarity in the southern parts of the Peninsula.The range of the form is the Malay Peninsula, north to Siam andBurma and east probably to Cocliinchina.Family STRIGIDAE: Typical OwlsSTRIX INDRANEE MAINGAYI (Hume)Syrnium maingayi Hcme, Stray Feathers, vol. 6, p. 27, 1878 (Malacca).SLrix indranee riieyi Estelle Kelso, Auk, vol. 54, p. 305, 1937 (Kao Nok Ram,Trang).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a female at Lay Song Hong, Trang,September 28, 1896, and a female at Kao Nok Ram, 2,000 feet, Trang,in 1899 (exact date not given).He states that the colors of the soft parts are: Iris dark brown; billpale horny greenish; claws homy white at base, darkening to darkbrown at tips.These two specimens are much darker than laotiana, the bars belowbroader and the breast crossed by a rather broad band of dark brown.The dark bieast band is broad in one, the cross rays showing onlyfaintly in the center; in the other it is more or less interrupted withcross-rayed feathers, but the dark cross rays are broader than on thebreast. The wings measure 362 and 369 mm.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record a specimen from Chong, Trang;Baker " lists it from Tung Song; Robinson and Kloss "^ state thatthey have six specimens from Trang southward to Selangor, themajority from the Malay States of which Kloss ^^ had previouslygiven a Ust.The form ranges from southern Tenasserim southward throughPeninsular Siam to the Malay States. Strix indranee bartelsi (Finsch)is peculiar to Java.A specimen of this owl in the United States National ^Museum isdarker above than maingayi, and the lowerparts are strongly washedwdth rufous; the line above the disk also h strongly rufous. It is avery distinct race.Some recent authors have made this and related races forms ofStrix leptogrammica, the nominate form of which is confmed to Boinco,but the latter is a much smaller species, with the upperparts barredrufous and blackish, the chest and throat uniform, rufous, the toesmore extensively bare. The Indian and Siamase races have nothingto do specifically with this small species. " Joiirn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 108, 1923. "Ibis, 1911, p. 31." Joiirn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam., vol. 4, p. 2fi, 1920.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. ."i, p. 1C?, 1923. '? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 4, p. 230, 1911. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 145Strix leptogrammica has been divided into four nominal races asfollows:Strix le/ptogramviica leptogrammica Temiiiiiick (Borneo).Strix leptogrammica myrtha Bonaparte (Sumatra).Strix leptogravimica ninsensis Salvadori (ISiias).Str2X leptograminica nyctiphasma Oberholser (Banjak Islands, westernSumatra) . STRIX INDRANEE LAOTIANA DelacourStrix newarensis laotianus Dklacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 47, p. 11, 1926(Xieng-Khouang, Laos).T\vo females, Pak Chong, eastern Siam, Novem.ber 15 and 18, 1925.This owl is new to the Siamese bird list. The form is much palerthan maingayi of Peninsular Siam, and the neck collar above is widerand more extensively barred with a paler buff; the scapulars andsecondaries are more pronouncedly barred, and the latter are morebroadljT^ tipped with white; below it is paler and the dark bai-s narrower,breast band absent; the facial disk is lighter.The two specimens are not exactly alilce. One is a lighter brownabove, the cross rays more fulvous, the light bars on the scapularsdarker and more fulvous; below' the differences are not so great. Thewings measure 378 and 375 mm.The United States National Museum possesses an immature speci-men from Haut Donai, Annam, taken May 26. It is nearly fullygrown but still retains some of the nesting do\m on the pileum, mantle,throat, and rump. The new postjuvenal plumage that has ah'eadyappeared is similar to that of the Pak Chong specimens.So far this form is known only from a few specimens taken in southand central Annam, Laos, and eastern Siam.STRIX ORIENTALIS ORIENTALIS ShawSlrix orientalis Shaw, General zoology, vol. 7, pt. 1, p. 257, 1809 (China).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a female (?) at Lay Song Hong, Trang,September 1, 1896. The wing measures 355 mm. He describes thesoft parts as: Iris blackish brown; bill and cere dull black; toes black,claws horny black.A single female from Java has more buff to the bases of the feathersabove and the white spotting is more pronounced; the wing measures325 mm. It represents Strix orientalis seloputo Horsfield.S. 0. orientalis ranges from southern Burma south through theMalay Peninsula to vSumatra and east through central Siam toCochinchina. The type locality "China" is probably an error, as it isnot knowTi from there. 146 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMBonhote ^? records it from Bukit Besar, Jalor, Pataiii; Ogilvie-Graiit ^' from Ban Sai Kaii and Biserat, Patani; Robinson and Kloss *^from Chong, Trang; Williamson ^ from Bandon; Robinson andKloss ^* from Koh Boi Yai, Puket; Baker ^^ from Kong Wang Hip.All these localities are in Peninsular Siam. Herbert ^^ collected twoeggs from two nests in the Samkok District, Februarj^ 23, 1914, andFebruary 15, 1916. Robinson and Kloss ^^ state that this owl iscommoner in the northern parts of the Peninsula than farther south.It probably extends through southern Siam, as it occurs in Cochin-china. KETUPA KETUPU AAGAARDI (Nenmann)Bubo ketvpu aagaardi Neumann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 55, p. 138, 1935(Bangnara, Patani, Peninsula Siam).One male and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 25, 1924, andJuly 5, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male at Prahmon, Trang, April 4, 1896and a female and male in Tenasserim (Tanjong Badak, December1903; Boyces Point, February 9, 1904). He gives the soft parts as:Iris orange-yellow; bill black, cere horn blue or pale brown (in onemale and one female), pale leaden, cere leaden (in one male); feetdirty whitish (in one male, not given for the other two).The specimen in which the bill is stated to have been pale leadenhas now faded to a horn color, quite different from the other two skinstaken by Dr. Abbott. The specimen appears to be adult.The above five specimens are paler above and below than two speci-mens examined by me from Java, which confirms the claims of thedescriber. The two specimens from Bangnara are paler below, withnarrower black shaft streaks, than the male from Trang and the maleand female from Tenasserim. The female from Bangnara is verylight colored above and the shaft streaks below are very narrow. It isprobably a bird of the year that is fully grown but has not acquiredthe full adult plumage.There are numerous records for Peninsular Siam from Patani northto Pakchan; Robinson ^^ reports that Kloss obtained it at Ok Yamin southeastern Siam.One of Kloss's specimens from Ok Yam was afterward acquired bythe United vStates National Museum. It is a male, veiy dark; darker 80 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1901, vol. 1, p. 58. ?1 Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 112, 19C5.82 Ibis, 1911, p. 30.83 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 26, 1918.8< Jouru. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 94, 1919.8? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 26, 1920.88 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 326, 1926.8' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 108, 1923.88 Ibis, 1915, p. 729. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 147 above and below than the two Javan specimens before me and withbroader dark shaft stripes below.Two males from Sumatra agree in color with the Trang male and themale and female from Tenasserim. The northern specimens alongwith those from Sumatra may represent a form distinct from thatfrom the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, but without morematerial from the latter locality it is better for the present that theybe left with aagmirdi.The wings in the above series measure: Two males from Sumatra345, 350 mm; one male from Trang, 345 mm; one male from Tenas-serim, 360 mm; one male from Ok Yam, 355 mm; one male fromBangnara, Patani, 325 mm; one female from Bangnara, Patani, 325mm; one male from Java, 350 mm; the female from Java, 350 mm.The two other females are not suitable for measuring.The range of Ketwpa k. aagaardi may be regarded as Indo-Chinathrough southern Siam to Tenasserim and south through PeninsulaSiam to the Malay States and Sumatra. Ketupa ketupu ketupu(Horsfield) is confined to Java. Ketujja ketupu pageli (Neumann)occurs in northeastern Borneo. Ketupa ketupu minor Buttikofer isconfined to Nias Island.HUHUA NIPALENSIS (Hodgson)Bubo nipalensis Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 172, 1836 (Nepal).One male, Ban Den Ja, March 1, 1929, found in dense forest; wing,410 mm.Gyldenstolpe ^^ says that authentic specimens of this fine owl havebeen taken only at Khun Tan ; Chasen and Kloss ^? record a male fromTong Sulin, Raheng District, Gairdner ^^ gives it for the PetchaburiDistrict.The species ranges from the Himalayas east to Assam, centralBurma, south to Tenasserim, and east to Siam, Laos, and upperTonkin. OTUS BAKKAMOENA LETTIA (Hodgson)Scops lettia Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 176, 1836 (Nepal).One male, Mekhan, February 6, 1932; one female, Khun Tan,October 21, 1929; two males and three females, Bangkok, February12 and May 6, 1924; April 5, August 4, and September 7, 1926; onemale, Sam Roi Yot, November 17, 1932; one immature male, KohLak, June 7, 1933; one female, Kao Sabap, October 27, 1933.The wings of the four males measure: 156, 159, 160, and 167 mm;of the four females, 162-164 (163) mm. The female from Kao Sabapis darker above than any other in the series. 8' Ibis, 1920, p. 751.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 104, 1928.n Journ. Nat. Ilist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 150, 1915. 148 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUIM I doubt whether the above series really belongs to lettia. They donot seem to fit Stuart Baker's '^^ diagnosis of the form, but I have notopotypical specimens for comparison and so assign them here.The form ranges from Nepal to eastern Assam, eastern Bengal,Burma, Siam proper, and southeast to Cambodia and central andsouthern Annam.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Den Chai and later ^^ from Pak Koh,Chum Poo, and Khun Tan ; Robinson ^^ from Pulo Dayang Bunting,Langkawi Group, December; Chasen and Kloss ^'^ from the RahengDistrict; Lowe ^^ from the Meping; de Schauensee ^^ from Chiengmai,Cliantabun, Tap Chang, Petrieu, and Bangkok; a female taken by himat Chiengmai, February 2, had eggs in the oviduct ready to be laid.Herbert ^^ found it a common breeder in the Bangkok District butmore so in the Samlcok District, the nesting season extending from latein January to early in March and the set usually consisting of tlireeeggs, sometimes four.It is probably onl}^ a winter visitor in Peninsular Siam.OTUS BAKKAMOENA LEMPIJI (Horsfield)Scops lempiji Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 140, 1821 (Java).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male and two females at the RumpinRiver, Pahang, July 15-22, 1902, and there is a male collected by C.B. Kloss at Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, April 3, 1900, in the UnitedStates National Museum. Two of the Rumpin River specimens areimmature. One of the females is apparently adult. The male fromSingapore is adult and has a cinnamon-buff suffusion both above andbelow that cannot be matched by any specimen in a series from Java;the adult female from Pahang is even a deeper cinnamon-buff than themale and the black spotting is much reduced below. The wing in themale measures 143 mm; in the adult female, 145 mm. These fourspecimens doubtfully belong to this form, but I do not know where elseto place them.This is a small dark forjn found in southern Peninsular Siam. Ithas been recorded from the Langkawi Islands and Bandon, but therecords from Bangkok and Koh Mesan prove to belong to two otherforms.Robinson ^ gives the range as southern Tenasserim south to theMalay States, Sumatra, and Java. "The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 427, 1927.?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. ITandl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 61, 1913.?< Ktinpl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. n6, no. 2, p. 120. 1916.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 145, 1917. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 164, 1928."Ibis, 1933, p. 483.?s Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 263, 1934.?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 327, 1926. ' The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 79, 1927. BIRDS FROM SIAJVI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 149 I have seen no Siamese specimens of this form but have examineda fair series from Java. Tlie wings of four females from Java measure135-146 (140.2) mm; two males, 139-141 mm.OTUS BAKKAMOENA CONDORENSIS Robinson and KIossOtus bakkamoena condorcnsis Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist.Suppl., vol. 8, p. 81, 1930 (Pulo Condore).One male, Pak Chong, eastern Siam, November 28, 1929; one fe-male, Pran, April 2, 1931.These two specimens agree with a male from Koh Mesan off CapeLiant, Siam, collected by C. Boden Kloss, November 1, 1916, in beingvery pale below and in having a white background with brownishstippling and a few scattering blackish shaft marks. They are quitedifferent from the form found around Bangkok {Otus b. lettia). Thespecimens of the latter before me have the lower parts clay color,varying to a light claj^ey buff.The wing of the male from Pak Chong measures 159 mm; that fromKoh Mesan, 158 mm; and the female from Pran, 151 mm. Thethree specimens seem to fit the description of condorensis, which evi-dently is a pale southeastern race. The female from Pran is puzzling,as Dr. Smith also collected Otus bakkamoena lettia from this generalregion.The exact range is not definitely known.OTUS SUNIA MALAYANUS (Hay)Scops malayanus Hat, Madras Journ. Lit. and Sci, vol. 13, pt. 2, p. 147, 1844(1845) (Malacca).One femnle, Bangkok, January 16, 1925; one male and one female,Koh Tao, January 2, 1927; one male, Tha Chang, March 20, 1917.The red and the gray phases and an intermediate phase are allrepresented in these specimens. There is no adequate series availablefor comparison. A male (Otiis sunio. modestusi) from Suifu, S/ech-wan, seems exactly to match the male from Koh Tao, except that itis darker on the chest; wing, 146 mm. The wing of the Koh Taomale measures 142.5 mm.Robinson ^ records it from Langkawi; Robinson and Kloss fromTrang 3 and Junkseylon (Puket)^; Baker ^ from Krabin, centralSiam. Robinson ^ states that this form is apparently only a wintervisitor to the Malay States. It may be that modestus is really onlya synonym.The form ranges from Singapore north to Tenasserim and centralSiam. 'Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 145, 1917. ?Ibis. 1911, p. 31. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 94, 1919.?Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 26, 1920. ? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 80, 1927; vol. 2, p. 38, 1928. 150 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMOTUS SAGITTATUS (Cassin)Ephialtes sagittatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, p. 121,1848 (Malacca); Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 2, p. 96,pi. 12, fig. 2, 1852.One male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 5, 1934.This is the first specimen taken of tliis rare owl on Siamese territory.Stuart Baker ^ speaks of Herbert taldng numerous eggs of thisspecies around Samkok, but I cannot find that he even took thebird, much less the eggs. Mr. Baker may have incorporated matterbelonging to another species.The species ranges from Tenasserim south to the Malay States.It is peculiarly marked. The forehead, as far back as the middleof the orbit, and superciliaries are white; above tawny, deepening torusset on crown and nape, sparsely covered with sagittate spots oflight fulvous, bordered on the lower margin with black; cheekswhite, bordered posteriorly with black; throat white, the feathersbarred with seal brown and fulvous; below clay color, with sagittateseal-brown bars or spots, the chest with fine dusky barring; the eyesare surrounded or nearly so by a mars-brown circle, becoming blackishon the upper lid in front. The feathering on the tarsi does not quitereach the toes. The wing measures 187 mm. This is not a completedescription, but it is sufficient for present purposes.This owl is so peculiar that it is a question whether it really belongsin this genus or whether it should be removed and a new genuserected for it. ATHENE BRAMA PULCHRA HumeAthene pulchra Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 469, 1873 (Pegu).One male and one female, Rajaguri, April 10, 1926; two males,Muang Kanburi, April 7 and September 11, 1928; one female, NakonPanom, March 8, 1929; one male, Udon, March 19, 1929.The series is quite uniform, both above and below.This bird is recorded by Herbert as rather common about 40 milesnorth of Bangkok and northward. His specimens have been remarkedupon by Baker,* Chasen and Kloss? record it from Raheng; Deignan'"reports it common at Chiengmai. Herbert ^' found it breeding inthe Samkok district in January and February, laying three or foureggs to a set, and the editor noted that the form had recently estab-lished itself in the Bangkok district. De Schauensee ^^ took a serieson his third expedition at Chiengmai, Sriracha, Kengkoi, and TungSio. A female taken at Sriracha on February 8 had an egg in the ' The fauna of British India, F.irds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 431, 1927.fJourn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 27, 1920. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. llist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 164, 1928."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 164, 1931. '1 Journ. Siam Soc. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 328, 1926." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 268, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 151 oviduct ready to be laid, and a fully fledged young male was takenat Kengkoi on May 5.The form ranges from central and south Burma to Siam, Cam-bodia, Cochincliina, and Lower Laos. Apparently it occurs locallynearly all over Siam except the Peninsular part of the country, fromwhere I have seen no records.GLAUCIDIUM CUCULOIDES BRUGELI ParrotGlaucidium cuculoides brugeli Parrot, Orn. Ges. Bayern, vol. 8, p. 104, 1907(Bangkok, Siam).One male and one female, Ban Sadet, Sriracha, May 30 and 31,1925; one male and one female, Lam Klong Lang, Pak Chong, June 12and 13, 1925; one male and three females, Pak Chong, eastern Siam,November 17-19, 1925, April 29, 1926, November 28, 1929; threefemales, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 27, 1925, February 6and 12, 1927; one male. Ban Nakae, March 3, 1929; one male, SakonNakon, March 12, 1929; one male, Knong Phra, April 13, 1929; onemale. Ban Tarn Dam, southeastern Siam, March 5, 1930; one male,Nong Yang, November 6, 1931; two males, Hupbon, October 27 andNovember 3, 1931; one male. Bung Borapet, July 1, 1932; one female,Chieng Dao, January 29, 1932; one male, Mekhan, February 7, 1932;one female, Ban Takaw, October 22, 1932; one male, Khonka Valley,January 25, 1933; one female, Vichienburi, February 26, 1934; onemale, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, October 6, 1930. Dr. Smithalso took a male on the Pai River, Burma, January 11, 1933, thatseems to be indistinguishable from the Siamese specimens.Just how far this form extends south in Peninsular Siam, I do notknow. Dr. Smith secured it from Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, aslisted above, and it has been taken nearly all over the country fromthis point north to Burma and to the east into Cochincliina.Herbert '^ collected two sets of three eggs each from near Bangkok ? one from Ban Laing, January 17; the second from Poh Teng, February3; and a single egg from Koh Yai, February 7.GLAUCIDIUM BRODIEI TUBIGER (Hodgson)Nodua tuhiger Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 175, 1836 (Nepal).One female, Khun Tan Mountams, 4,000 feet, November 19, 1928;two males and one female, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, February 25-March3, 1932; one male, Huey Yang, Sriracha, August 3, 1932; one female,Kao Sabap, November 30, 1933. Dr. Smith describes the soft partsas: Iris light yellow; bill greenish yellow; toes greenish, claws darkbrown.The female from the Khun Tan Mountains agrees fairly well witha male from Tcnasserim; in fact the dark bars above are even darker ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 329, 1926. 152 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMin the Siamese bird. The wing in the Khun Tan Mountain femalemeasures 95.5 mm; the female from Khun Tan, 94 mm. The KhunTan female is grayer above and the pileum is barred rather thanspotted as in the other female and the Tenasserim male. The twomales from Khun Tan have the pileum barred rather than spotted.In one the crossbars are white with scattering small white spots; inthe other the crossbars and spots are fulvous. Tlie wings in the twomales measure 90 and 86 mm.The male from Sriracha has the mantle russet and unbarred; onlythe scapulars are barred with blackish; the pileum olive-brown withscattering fulvous spots; the feathers along the bend of the wingbeneath j^rimrose j^ellow. It is evidently an immature bii'd. Themale from Khun Tan, with the wing 86 mm., has the carpal feathersyellowish and is probably a young bird also.The female from Kao Sabap is the darkest above of any of thespecimens taken by Dr. Smith, and the bars on the back are a deeperfulvous; the throat, juguium, center of the breast, and bend of thewing are light sulphur j^ellow. It is quite difi'erent from the otherspecimens and may represent a diiTerent form, but owls are veryvariable.The form ranges from Nepal to eastern Assam and south to Burma,Siam, and the Malay Peninsula, east to Indo-China, and southernChina.A pair from Fukien are grayer above and have paler neck collarsthan in the Siamese series.Gyldenstolpe '* has recorded this owl from Khun Tan and PahKoh in the north; Robinson ^^ from Kao Nong, Bandon; Robinsonand Kloss '^ from Tapli, Pakchan; de Schauensee '^ from Ban Jong,10 kilometers south of the Shan States border. Deignan '^ reports itfrom Doi Sutep, between 3,500 and 5,500 feet.NINOX SCUTULATA BURMANICA HumeNinox burmanica Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 4, p. 285, 1876 (Burma).One female, Bangkok, January 19, 1924; two males, Nong Khor,near Sriracha, March 23, 1926, and February 11, 1927; one male andone fenude, Udon, February 18, 1929; one female, Lat Bua Kao,August 11, 1929; one male, Doi Nangka, November 7, 1930; one maleand one female, Muek Lek, April 26, 1933; one male, Lamton Lang,May 25, 1934.All the above series appear to be fairl}^ uniform in color and agreewith a female in the United States National Museum identified by C.n Ibis, 1920, p. 754." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 91, 1915.i? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 112, 1923." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 576, 1930. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 164, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 153Boden Kloss from Koh Kram, Inner Gulf of Siam. The wings of themales measure 210, 215, 215, 216, and 217 mm; the females, 205, 210,212, and 216 mm.The range of the form is Assam soutli of the Bramaputra, Burma,the Shan States, Siam, and all Indo-Cliina.This is tl e resident form of Siam proper. It is not known where itmeets the next form in southwestern Siam or how far it extends to thenortheast. All records are too uncertain to give.Family PODARGIDAE: FrogmouthsBATRACHOSTOMUS STELLATUS (Gould)Podargus stcllatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 43 (Java, error;Hartert '^ substitutes Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male on the Endau River, Pahang side,June 27, 1901; wing, 124 mm. He gives the soft part as: Iris strawyellow; eyelid-brownish yellow; feet pale brownish fleshy; inside ofmouth pale bluish fleshy; upper mandible horny brown, lowermandible pale brownish fleshy.This specimen is hazel above; the nuchal band posteriorly isbordered by black; the white markings on the scapulars and wingcoverts are bordered by black, both posteriorlj'^ or anteriorly; thethi'oat is ocliraceous-tawny, with faint irregular dusky bars, the lowerthroat with a few bufTy subterminal spots; the chest is orange-cin-namon, with concealed buft'y subterminal centers to the feathers; thebreast and belly are cartridge buff, the feathers with narrow bordersof orange-cinnamon, giving an occelated appearance; tail roods brown,barred with a much lighter brown, each bar bordered with a narrowdusky line above and below. Wing, 124 mm. This is not a completedescription but is sufficient for present purposes. It does not agreewith Hartert 's description.^^Three Malacca trade skins in the United States National Museumare darker, and in two of them the white nuchal collar is almostlacking.The species is found in the Malay States, Sumatra, and Borneo.I know of no Siamese record, but it probably occurs along thesouthern border of Peninsular Siam.BATRACHOSTOMUS AFFINIS BlythBatrachostomus affinis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 1180, 1847(Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on the Rumpin River, Pahang,eastern Malay Peninsula, June 5, 1902; wing, 111 mm. He describesthe soft parts as: Iris pale yellow ; feet brownish fleshy ; upper mandible 'e Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 542, 1902. *" Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 16, p. 639, 1892. 154 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMfleshy brown, lower mandible pale yellowish fleshy; angles of mouthpale yellow; inside of mouth pale fleshy.This is considerably smaller than stellatus and differently marked,the throat being white barred with black.Gairdner^* records it from the Petchaburi District; Robinson andKloss ^^ record a male from Tasan, Chumpon, and mention a femalein Air. Williamson's collection from Naihoot, Langsuen. Theyexpress some doubts of its identity, however.The species occurs from southern Tenasserim through PeninsularSiam to the Malay States and Borneo.Family CAPRIMULGIDAE: GoatsuckersCAPRIMULGUS MACRURU9 BIMACULATUS PealeCaprimulgus bimaculatus Peale, U. S. Exploring Expedition, vol. 8, p. 170, 1848(Singapore).Caprimulgus macrurus anamesus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48,p. 593, 1915 (Tanjong, Kalong, Singapore Island).Four males and four females, Bangkok, January 19 and July 231924, August 3-6, 1926; one male and one female, Lem Sing, Chan-tabun, June 8, 1926, March 6, 1930; one female, Sriracha, April 20,1934; one male, Knong Phra, April 14, 1929; one male, Aranya, July17, 1930; one male, Kao Pae Pan Nam, Lomsak, February 18, 1934;one male, Patalung, July 5, 1929 ; two males and one female, Bangnara,Patani, June 2, 1924, July 3, 19, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott obtained five males and two females in Trang(Prahmon, March 13 and 24, April 14; Lay Song Hong, September 6and December 19, 1896; near Kao Nok Ram, January 5, 1899, andTrang, January 28, 1899) ; one male and two females, SingaporeIsland, May 15-26, 1899, and two males, Telok Besar, Tenasserim,March 1, 1904. There are two males and one female, collected byC. Boden Kloss at Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, November 2-26,1899, in the United States National Museum. Dr. Abbot gives thesoft parts as: Iris dark brown (bill fleshy brown, tip black; feet fleshybrown, claws dark horny brown.Many of the Siamese specimens are in molt or immature and notsuitable for measurement or comparison. These I have disregarded.Starting with the Siamese series (mostly from Bangkok) there is agradual diminution of size in specimens from there down PeninsularSiam until Singapore is reached, but the difference is not great andnot worthy of being recognized by name.The wings of four males from Siam proper measure 203-209(206) mm; two males from Tenasserim, 197-205 mm; five males fromTrang, 190-200 (196.2) mm; three males from Singapore, 185-191(188) mm; the type of bimacidatus, 198 mm. > Journ. N'at. Hist. Soe. Siam, vol. 1, p. 150, 1915.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 118, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 155The form has been recorded from northern Siam south throughPeninsuhir Siam to the Malay States. Herbert ^^ reports it breedingat Samkok, the eggs being deposited from February to August 13.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a set of two eggs at Mahwun, Tenasserim,March 8, and another set of two eggs at Telok Besar, Tenasserim,March 14.The race is apparently resident where found and ranges from Assam,Burma, Yunnan, and southwestern Cluna, south to Siam, the MalayPeninsula, and Indo-Chiua. Other forms occur on the islands fromJava south to AustraHa and in India.CAPRIMULGUS INDICUS JOTAKA Temminck and SchlegelCaprimulgus jotaka Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold's Fauna Japonica, Avesp. 37, pis. 12, 13, 1847 (Japan).One female, Mekhan, February 8, 1932.This form breeds in Japan, the greater part of China, and the hillsof Assam and migrates south as far as New Guinea to winter. InSiam it has been recorded as a migrant from Teratau, Langkawi, andTrang. CAPRIMULGUS MONTICOLUS BURMANICUS BakerCaprimulgus rnonticolus burmaniciis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 51, p. 102,1931 (Upper Chindwin, Burma).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult female at Champang, Tenas-serim, December 20, 1903.In this specimen the chest is marked with sagittate spots of cinnamon,and the feathers of the hindneck have a rather broad orange-cinnamoncentral stripe at the tip, forming an UTegular coUar. Wing, 187 mm.This nightjar can be readily distinguished from the other formsinhabiting Siam by the two outer tail feathers in the male being mostlywhite, only the extreme tips mottled dusky. In the female the outertail feathers are dusky mottled cinnamon, with irregular black bars.It is larger than asiaticus.The range assigned this form by the describer is Silvkim to easternAssam, eastern Bengal, the whole of Burma, Siam, Cambodia, andCochinchina. De Schauensee reports taking a female at NakonNayok ^* and on his third expedition he secured it at Chiengmai andTamuang.^^ Baker ^^ records it from Paknampho; Barton " from theRaheng District; Lowe ^^ from 20 miles west of Kempempet. Gylden-stolpe ^^ says that it has been met with only in the northern parts ofSiam and seems to be rare. Apparently it is resident throughout theyear. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 303, 1924.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 576, 1929." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 267, 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 437, 1919." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 107, 1914.?9Ibis, 1933, p. 482.? Ibis, 1920, p. 582. 156 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCAPRIMULGUS ASIATICUS SIAMENSIS de Schauenseedaprimulgus asiaticus siamensis de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-delphia, vol. 85, p. 373, 1933 (Feb. 21, 1934) (Chiengmai, Siam).One female, Bangkok, May 8, 1926; one male. Bung Borapet,June 21, 1932; four males, one female, and one unsexed, Sam Roi Yot,November 16-19, 1932; one unsexed, Koh Lak, June 8, 1933.Dr. Smith took an egg at Bung Khoa Den, March 17, 1933, that islight vinaceous-cinnamon, with pale brownish-drab under spots overthe whole egg, overlaid with orange-cinnamon spots of various sizes,but none very large. It measures 28 by 21.2 mm.This form is resident all over Siam proper and probabty extends toIndo-China. Robinson and Kloss ^? say that it does not occur southof Koh Lak. Herbert ^' reports it breeding at Samkok, Ayuthia, andBangkok from February to August 4.LYNCORNIS CERVINICEPS CERVINICEPS GouldLyncornis cerviniceps Gould, Icones avium, pt. 2, pi. 14, 1838 (China or adjacentislands; Trang ^^).One male and one female. Pang Sok, August 25, 1926; one female,Sakeo, near Krabin, May 3, 1928; one female, Lat Bua Kao, August4, 1929; one male and one female, Aranya, July 17, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott took three males and two females in Trang(Prahmon, April 8; Tyching, July 20, 21, 1896; Trang, February 25und March 2, 1899). There is a female in the UTiited States NationalMuseum from Klong Yai, southeastern Siam, January 7, 1915, col-lected by C. Boden Kloss. Dr. Abbott describes the soft parts as:Iris dark bro\vn; feet dark fleshy brown.Robinson and Kloss ^^ report it fau'ly common all over PeninsularSiam, except Patani; Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Khun Tan andHat Sanuk, where a nest was found on February 18 with one hard setThis beautiful nightjar extends from Assam and Burma to Siam, theMalay Peninsula, and Indo-China, It probably occurs in suitablelocahties throughout Siam and is nonmigratoiy.The female seems to have more russet in the plumage and the pileumbufRer than in the male.LYNCORNIS TEMMINCKII GouldLxjncornis temminckii Govld, Icones avium, pt. 2, pi. [10] and text, 1838 (Borneo).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two females on Singapore Island, May 15and 30, 1899, and a male and female, Endau River, east coast ofM Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 141, 1923. 'I Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6. p. 302, 1924." Robinson and Kloss, Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 140, 1923.3'? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 140, 1923.? Kunsl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 5G, no. 2, p. 107, 191G, BIRDS FROM SIAM AKD THE MALAY PENINSULA 157Johore, June 27, 1901. He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown;bill pale fleshy, dark brown at tip; feet dark brown.This smaller species of Lyncornis is confined to the southern endof the Malay Peninsula from Penang southward, Sumatra, Nias,Banka, and Borneo. Apparently it has never been recorded fromPeninsular Siam, but it occurs so close to the border that there is apossibility of it being taken there.It can be easily distinguished from the larger species by smallersize, shorter tail, and darker-colored crown. The wing in temminckiimeasures about 210 mm; in cerviniceps, about 300 mm or more.Family HEMIPROCNIDAE: Crested SwiftsHEMIPROCNE CORONATA (Tickell)Hirundo coronata Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, p. 580, 1833 (Borabhum and Dholbhum, west of Calcutta, India).One female, Ban Kang, December 31, 1928; one female, Ta Pra,Korat, February 10, 1929; four males and one female, Mekhan,February 6-8, 1932; one female, Khun Tan, 4,500 feet, February 14,1932; one male, Mae Hong Sorn, Januaiy 10, 1933.This species extends from India to Burma, the Shan States, northern,and eastern Siam, and Indo-China. In Siam, apparently, it is con-fined to the hill forests of the northwest, northern, and eastern partsof the country.HEMIPROCNE LONGIPENNIS HARTERTI StresemannHemiprocne longipennis harterii Stresemann, Nov. Zool., vol. 20, p. 339, 1913(Deli, Sumatra).One male, one female, and one immature female, Bangnara, Patani,July 4 and 5, 1926; one female, Bukit, Patani, January 25, 1931;one male. Ban Kiriwong, July 20, 1928; one male, Sichol, Bandon,May 19, 1930; one male and one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January7 and 20, 1934.Dr. W, L. Abbott collected three males and four females in Trang(Tyching, May 22 and June 4, 1896; Lay Song Hong, September 6-December 17, 1896; and Trang, March 4, 1899); one male and twofemales in Trengganu (Tanjong Dungun and Dungun River, Septem-ber 21, 1900; Kemamun River, October 1, 1900). He gives the softparts as: Iris dark brown; bill and claws black; feet dark purple,leaden, or fleshy brown, soles fleshy.Oberholser ^* assigns Malay Peninsula specimens to his race H. I.anochra from the Natuna Islands, but as there are only two specimensfrom Sumatra in the United States National Museum and the seriesfrom the Anamba and Natuna Islands is small, I prefer to consider the " U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 159, p. 44, 1932.33527?38 11 158 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMalay Peninsula birds the same as those of Sumatra as previousauthors have done. After measuring and comparing the variousspecimens, except from the islands off the west coast of Sumatra, Ican detect little or no difference between speciniens from Sumatra,the Malay Peninsula, Rliio Archipelago, the Anambas, and NatunaIslands, Banka, and Borneo, but from the last two localities there arenot enough specimens to decide. The form found in Java, H. I.longipennis, is smaller and the gray of the rump extends fartherfoward on the back.Hemiprocne longipennis harterti ranges from Tenasserim and south-west Siam south through the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra to Banka,the Rio Archipelago, Anamba, and Natuna Islands, and Borneo.Other forms occur on the islands off the west coast of Sumatra and inJava and Bali. Robinson and Kloss ^^ state it is common in north-western and Peninsular Siam ; de Schauensee ^^ records it from NakonSritamarat, June.HEMIPROCNE COMATA COMATA (Temminck)Cypselus comatus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux,vol. 4, livr. 45, pi. 268, 1824 (Sumatra).One male and one female. Ban Kiriwong, July 13 and 25, 1928;one male and two females, Kao Chong, Trang, August 27, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male at Tyching, Trang, July 22,1896 ; a male and a female on the Bindings, Straits of Malacca, April14, 1900.The range of this form extends from southern Tenasserim souththrough the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, the islands off the westcoast of Sumatra, the Rliio Archipelago, the Natuna Islands, andBorneo. Robinson and Kloss ^^ report it fairly abundant in Trangand the rest of the Peninsula ; de Schauensee ^^ records a male fromNakon Sritamarat, June 4.The form occurring in the Philippines has been separated as Hemi-procne comata major. It is larger than H. c. comata and the white onthe belly is more extensive.Family MICROPODIDAE: SwiftsMICROPUS PACIFICUS COOKI (Harington)Cypselus pacificus cooki Harington, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 31, p. 57, 1912(Goteik Caves, northern Shan States).One male and one female, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 24, 1931.These two specimens are darker above, the light throat patch andrump band are restricted, and the dark shaft streaks on the throat ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam. vol. 5, p. 145. 1923.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 266, 1934. ?'Ibis, 1911, p. 38. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 266, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 159 are wider and more pronounced than in North China specimens.The wing in the male measures 169 mm; in the female, 166 mm.TMiether this form breeds in Siam I am unable to say, as very fewspecimens have been collected, but since it has been found in Laos inthe breeding season it would occur probably in northern Siam also.De Schauensee ^^ took a female on Cliiengdao, 4,500 feet, January19, and reports it common there at that time.MICROPUS AFFINIS SUBFURCATUS (BIyth)Cypselus suhjurcaius Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 18, p. 807, 1849(Penang).One male, Koh Sichang, July 5, 1930; two females, Koh Lak, June8, 1933. Dr. Smith also took a nest under a house on Koh Sichang,July 5.There are also in the United States National Museum a femalecollected by Dr. W. L. Abbott at Prahmon, Trang, April 15, 1896, and amale collected by C. Boden Kloss at Tanjong Kalong, Singapore,July 8, 1900. Dr. Abbott describes the tarsi as fleshy brown, thetoes and claws as black.Robinson and Kloss '**' state that tliis is the common house swift ofPeninsular Siam. Deignan ^^ found it at Cliiengmai in August.Forty *^ found a mummy in a cave on Koh Luan, a small islandnear Koh Phai, Inner Gulf of Siam. Gyldenstolpe ^ reports itrather common at Koh Lak; Robinson " found it rather common onthe cliff's of Koh Muk, Trang, where it was breeding in January.The form ranges from Assam and eastern Bengal eastward toBurma, Yunnan, southern China, as far as Fukien, Indo-China, Siam,the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.CYPSIURUS BATASSIENSIS INFUMATUS (Sclater)Cypselus infumatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 602 (Borneo).Two females, Bangkok, December 21, 1925, and May 9, 1934; onefemale, Bandon, January 4, 1927; one male and one female, Sichol,Bandon, May 17, 1930; one male and one female, Ban Nam Kien,Nan, April 21, 1930; three males and one female, Aranya, July 10,1930; one female. Bung Borapet, March 25, 1933. Dr. Smith alsotook a pair at Vientiane, Laos, February 21, 1929, and a nest and twoeggs from an areca palm at Ban Nam Ivien, Nan, April 21, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott took two males in Trang, February 10, 1897.He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; feet darkpurplish. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. StJ, p. 2fi(i. 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, uo. 2, p. 14,i, 1923. <' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam Suppl., vol. 8, p. 163. 1931. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 71, 1916.? KunRl. Sven.ska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. ,56, no. 2, p. 107, 1816." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 166, 1917. 160 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMA male and two females from West Java in the United StatesNational Museum are paler above than the Siamese series. No speci-mens from Borneo have been available for comparison.The form ranges from Assam to Burma, Yunnan, Siam, the MalayPeninsula, Sumatra, Indo-China, Hainan, Java, and Borneo. In thePhilippines a related form, C. b. jyallidior (McGregor), occurs.Robinson and Kloss,^^ writing of Peninsular and southwestern Siam,state that this swift is common among the Lontar palms whereverthey occur; Deignan^^ reports it common at Chiengmai; Robinson*^records it from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan ; Herbert ^^ collected anest and two eggs at Ban Khang, February 15.It seems to be comm-on all over Siam in suitable localities from thenorthern boundary to and including the Malay States.HIRUNDAPUS GIGANTEUS GIGANTEUS (Temminck)Cypselus giganteus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 61, pi. 364, 1825 (Java).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a fine male at Lay Song Hong, Trang,August 30, 1896. He gives the soft parts as: Iris blacldsh brown;bill black; feet leaden blue, claws horny brown, tips black.This is apparently the first record of this bird for Siam.The form ranges from Trang and possibly farther north in Penin-sular Siam southward to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Natunas, andsome of the Pliilippines (Palawan, CuUon, Calamianes).It can be distinguished from H. g. indicus by the absence of thewhite spot on the lores and by the darker throat.HIRUNDAPUS GIGANTEUS INDICUS (Hume)Chaetura indica Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 471, 1873 (Andamans andsouthern India).One male, Tha Chang, March 16, 1927; one male, Khun TanMountains, 4,000 feet, November 21, 1928; four males, Chantabun,January 11, 1930.There is a specimen of this form in the British Museum fromSalanga, or Junkseylon, recorded by Hartert."*^ Robinson and Kloss ^?say that it occasionally straggles as far south as Selangor in thePeninsula; it is evidently rare or only a straggler. Dr. Smith notesthat it is common on the highest ridges of the Khun Tan Mountains.Gyldcnstolpe ^' took a female on the Mehlem, March 10; Deignan ?* ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 145, 1923.? Journ. Siam Sec. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 163, 1931." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 146, 1915. "Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 325, 1926. *? Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 16, p. 476, 1892.w Journ. N:U. iJist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 144, 1923. ?i Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 56, 1913." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 163, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 161 reports it rather common on the highest ridges of Doi Sutep in winter,leaving in April ; this would indicate that it is only a winter residentin Siam. Lowe ^^ found it not rare in western Siam and took twofemales 40 miles east of Umpang.It ranges from Assam and Burma, south to Manipur, the Andamans,northern and southeastern Siam into Cambodia, Cochinchina, andLaos; occasionally it straggles as far south as the Malay States.RHAPIDURA LEUCOPYGIALIS (BIyth)Acanthylis leucopygialis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 18, p. 809, 1849(Penang).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and two females in Trang(near base of Kao Nom Plu, March 11, 1897; Trang, March 12, 1897);one male, the Bindings, April 16, 1900. He gives the color of thesoft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; feet bluish fleshy.This is a small, glossy, purplish-black swift; rump grayish withblack shaft lines; upper tail coverts long and reaching beyond base ofspines; the latter comparatively long and very fine.One of the females, taken by Dr. Abbott in Trang, March 12, hadalmost mature eggs.This species ranges from southern Tenasserim south throughPeninsular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Banka, and Borneo.De Schauensee ^* secured a male at Nakon Sritamarat, June 6 ; Robin-son and Kloss " say that it is probably common in southwestern andPeninsular Siam but hard to obtain.COLLOCALIA FRANCICA GERMANI OustalelCollocalia germani Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1876, p. 1 (CondoreIsland).One female, Singora, June 29, 1929; one male and three females,Koh Pangan, July 24-27, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and seven females in Trang(Prahmon, February 24, 1896; Tyching, April 18 and July 25, 1896;Trang, September 4, 5, 1896, February 10 and 12, 1897, and Decem-ber 27, 1898). He gives the soft parts as: Iris blackish brown; billblack; feet dark brownish flesh, becoming black on toes and claws.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Koh Lak; Robinson, under the nameC. merguiensis, from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan (Pangan) ^^ andfrom Pulo Lontar.^^The range of this form extends from the Mergui Archipelago tosouthwestern Siam, Peninsular Siam, Indo-China, and the Philippines. ?? Ibis, 1933, p. 481." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 266, 1934. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 144, 1923.M Kungl. Svenska Vet-Akad. Uandl., vol. 66, no. 2, p. 106, 1916.?"Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 146, 1915.w Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 154, 1917. 162 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCOLLOCALIA FRANCICA INEXPECTATA HumeCollocalia inexpedata Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 206, 1873 (Button Island,Andamans) . Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males on Pulo Tioman, October 12,1900, and two males at Tanjong Silantei, east coast of Johore, July 26,1901.This form occurs on the Nicobars, south Andamans, and in thesouthern Malay States; once accidental in Tenasserim.The race is larger and has a darker rump than C.f. germani.COLLOCALIA LOWI ROBINSONI StresemannCollocalia lowi rohinsoni Stresemann, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 6, p. 98, 1931 (PuloBelitung, Southwest of Terutau Island, west coast Malay Peninsula).One female, Sichol, Bandon, May 17, 1930.This specimen does not exactly agree with the original description.It does not have the bill larger or the feet stronger than in the singlefemale of C. innominata with which it has been compared. It differsfrom that species, however, as follows: While the rump is lighter thanthe back, it is darker, with the shaft lines less conspicuous than ininnominata; the shaft lines below less conspicuous and practically noneat all on the chest and throat; wing externally purplish black insteadof bluish black; inner margins of the remiges lighter; tarsi more heavilyfeathered; wing longer, 135 mm. Outer tail feather, 56 mm; middle, 45mm. This specimen may not belong here at all, but to an undescribedform. If the specimen has been correctly determined, then the rangewill be the Malay States northward through Peninsular Siam to Bandon.Robinson ?^ recorded it originally as Collocalia innominata andstates that it was found nesting in some numbers at the type localityin December. COLLOCALIA INNOMINATA HumeCollocalia innominata Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 294, 1873 (Port Monat,Andaman Islands).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a single female at Lay Song Hong,Trang, September 5, 1890. He gives the soft parts as: Iris blackishbrown; tarsus brownish flesh, claws black; bill black. Wing, 124 mm.The tail is worn and cannot be measured accurately.Originally described from the Andamans, it has since been found tooccur from southern Tenasserim through Penmsular Siam to the MalayStates and (?) Sumatra.Deignan "^ took a pair on Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, April 20, 1931 ; thisis so far north of the loiown range that I beheve the specimens shouldbe carefully reexamined. De Schauensee ^* reports it from Chiengdao,4,600 feet, January 16. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 154, 1917.M Rodgers and Deignan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, p. 92, 1934. ?1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 266, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 163This species is much like Collocalia lowi robinsoni, but if the abovespecimen has been identified correctly it differs in having a shorterwing, the rump paler wdth blackish shaft lines, and the wings morebluish black; the lower parts have the shaft lines more conspicuous.Both have feathered tarsi.COLLOCALIA LINCHI ELACHYPTEKA OberholserCollocalia linchi elachyptera Oberholskr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol.58, p. 207, 1906 (Bentinck Island, Mergui Archipelago).Dr. W. L. Abbott took the type series of this race, consisting ofthree males and two females, on Bentinck Island, Mergui Archipelago,March 9 and 10, 1900.This is a small race, wing 94-100 mm.Baker ^^ places the Malay States specimens with this race, but theonly two I have seen from there (Pahang and Singapore) are largebirds, with wings measuring 111-112 mm.C. I. elachyptera probably extends to the mainland of Tenasserimand Peninsular Siam. KEY TO SIAMESE COLLOCALIA o'. Size very large; wing, 157-162 mm gigaso^. Size considerably smaller; wing less than 140 mm.fei. Tarsus feathered.c'. Size larger, rump paler, tarsi densely feathered; wing,124-135 mm.d}. Size smaller; wing, 124-134 mm; chest with distinctlydarker shaft lines; rump paler, with darker shaft lines iimomtnata(P. Size larger; wing, 135 mm or more; chest without dis-tinctly darker shaft lines; rump darker lowi robinsonic^. Size smaller; wing, about 112 mm; tarsi only slightlyfeathered; rump only slightly paler than back vestita amechanah^. Tarsus naked.c'. Belly concolor with breast; size larger; wing, 114-120 mm.d} . Lighter above ; rump lighter francica germani(fi. Darker above; rump darker francica inexpectatac^. Belly white; size smaller; wing. 111 mm or less.d}. Size larger; wing, 103-111 mm linchi cyanoptilad^. Size smaller; wing, 94-100 mm linchi elachypteraFamily TROGONIDAE: TrogonsHARPACTES ERYTHROCEPHALUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS (Gould)Trogon erjjthrocephalus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1834, p. 25 (Rangoon,Burma).One male, Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, December 4, 1928; one male,summit of Doi Sutep, December 15, 1928; one male and one female,Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000 feet, November 20, 1928, and May 10,M The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, voL 4, p. 353, 1927. 164 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM1933; four males and one female, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, October 18and 21, 1929, August 28, 1930, February 20-22, 1932; one female,Kao Pae Pan Nam (west of Lomkao), February 18, 1934; one male andtwo females, Doi Hua Mot, August 23-September 1, 1934.This form ranges from Nepal to eastern Assam, the whole of Burmato Tenasserim and northern Siam. In the mountains of the MalayStates a smaller darker race is found. In Siam it has been found asfar south as the Raheng District, according to Barton ^^.De Schauensee ^* took a good series at Chiengmai and Chiengdaoand makes some interesting technical remarks on the relationship ofseveral of the forms to which I quite agree.HARPACTES EUYTHROCEPHALUS KLOSSI (Robinson)Pyrotrogon eryihrocephalus klossi Robinson, Ibis, 1915, p. 735 (Koh Chang, south-eastern Siam).Two males and two females, Koh Chang, January 5, 1925, January9-11, 1926; one male and one female, Kao Kuap, Krat, December 24and 26, 1929; one male, Kao Lem, December 27, 1930; one male andtwo females, Kao Sabap, October 28-November 26, 1933.The male from Kao Lem differs from the remainder of the series inhaving the throat and chest darker red, the white bars on the wingcoverts are wider, and the back darker brown. I am placing it withklossi for the present, however.This is a smaller form than the northern Siamese race of this species,and the white bars on the wing coverts are narrow^er. From the smallform inhabiting the Malay States (chaseni) it differs in being not sodark above and in being brighter red below, especially on the throatand chest.H. e. klossi ranges from southeastern Siam into Cambodia. Verylittle is known of its distribution.There are several other described races of H. eryihrocephalus, includ-ing the following:Harpades eryihrocephalus yamakanensis Rickett (Fukien and KwangtungProvinces, China).Harpades eryihrocephalus rosa (Stresemann) (Kwangsi, China).Harpades eryihrocephalus hainanus Grant (Hainan).Harpades eryihrocephalus inlermedius Kinnear (Tonkin, North Annam,and Laos).Harpades eryihrocephalus annamensis (Robinson and Kloss) (southernAnnam, southern Laos, and Cochiiichina).Harpades eryihrocephalus flagrans (Miiller) (Sumatra and ? Borneo).Harpades eryihrocephalus chaseni Riley (mountains of the Malay States).As the species is a mountain-inhabiting one and apparently does notoccur in the lowlands, the various forms are more or less isolated. ? Journ. N'at. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1. p. 107, 1914.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 264, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 165HARPACTES DIARDU NEGLECTUS (Forbes and Robinson)Pyrotrogon neglectus Forbes and Robinson, Bull. Liverpool Mus., vol. 2, no. 1,p. 34. 1899 (Malacca, Pahang).One female, Kao Luang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat, July 22,1898; one female, Sichol, Bandon, May 15, 1930; one male, Kao SoiDao, Trang, December 29, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, September 2 and December 22, 1896; Kao Soi Dao,1,500 feet, February 14, 1899; Kok Sai, 500 feet, December 1898); onemale, Tanjong Dungun, Trengganu, September 22, 1900; one adultmale, one mimature male, and one female, east coast of Johore (EndauRiver, July 9 and 19, 1901; Sembrong River, July 4, 1901); one male,Province of Weliesley, Straits Settlements (purchased in Penang).He describes tlie soft parts as: Male?bill blue, black at the tip andalong culmen; orbital skin lilac; iris dark red; feet leaden; in thefemale, the iris is dark brown.In this form the male has the head, throat, and foreneck black; apink band across the nape; the tips of the outer tail feathers white,stippled with black; breast and belly scarlet; back ochraceous-tawny;middle tail feathers russet. In the female the head, throat, and fore-neck are like the back or only slightly darker. In either sex the formcan be distinguished from the other trogons inhabiting the MalayPeninsula by the white, stippled with black, tips to the outer tailfeathers.Two adidt males from Banka and two adult males from Sumatrain the United States National Museum have the whole pileum washedwith deep red, while in the five adult males from the Malay Stateslisted above this wash is faint and confined to the nape. One of themales from Banka (no. 180457) is almost, if not quite, as stronglymarked with red on the pileum as Bornean specimens. On the whole,the Banka-Sumatran series seems to be lighter on the back than theseries from the Malay States. I believe the mainland bird should betreated as a separate form from the one occurring in Sumatra.Blasius ^^ described Harpades diardii sumatranus from Sumatra andthe Malay Peninsula. I definitely designate the type locality asSumatra. This will bring Forbes and Robinson's name into use againfor the mainland form.Harpades diardii negledus ranges from the Federated Malay Statesnorthward tlirough Peninsular Siam to Bandon and possibly a littlefarther north.Harpades diardii diardii (Temminck) is confined to Borneo andBanka, and Harpades diardii sumatranus Blasius inhabits Sumatra.M Mitt. Geogr. Oes. Nat. Mus. LUbeck, ii Reicho, vol. 10, p. 95, 1896. 166 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL, MUSEUMHARPACTES KASUMBA KASUMBA (Raffles)Trogon kasumba Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 282, 1822 (Su-matra) .Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at the Riimpin River,Pahang, June 14, 1902.No specimens from Sumatra are available for comparison, butthree adult males from Borneo average darker on the back, with thewhite on the outer tail feathers less extensive.Trogon temminkii Gould ^^ is founded on Trogon fasciatus Tem-minck ^^ and as the latter was evidently founded upon a Sumatraspecimen, it becomes a pure synonym of Raffles's name.The range of Harpactes kasumba kasumba is Sumatra and thesouthern end of the Malay Peninsula, where it has been taken as farnorth as Bangnara, Patani.^^The form resembles Harpactes diardii negledus but may be distin-guished by the scarlet instead of pink nape band and the pure whitetips to the outer tail feathers without any black stippling.The Bornean form has been separated by Chasen and Kloss ?^ asPyrotrogon kasumba impavidus.HARPACTES ORRHOPHAEUS ORRHOPHAEUS (Cabanis and Heine)Pyrotrogon orrhophaeus Cabanis and Heine, Museum Heineanum, Theil 4, Heft 1,p. 156, 1863 (Malacca).One female, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 23, 1931.If this specimen does not belong to this species, I do not know whereto place it. It is not quite adult. It resembles the same sex ofHarpactes duvaucelii very closely but differs from a female of thatspecies of about the same age as follows: The breast and belly areochraceous-ta^\^ly, becoming yellow-ocher on the middle of theabdomen and under tail coverts instead of Hght coral-red; the middletail feathers are without black tips; the buff bare on the wing covertsare wider and farther apart; the back is somewhat darker; there areno coral-red tips to the tail coverts; a few red feathers are coming inon the ear coverts. Wing, 100; tail, 122 mm.The species is evidently rare, and not much is known concerningit. Miiller ? secured it near Puket; farther south in the MalayStates it has been collected oftener, probably because this part of thePeninsula is better kno\vn. It ranges from the Federated MalayStates north through Peninsular Siam to Bandon.M Proc. Zool. Soc. Lonflon. 1835, p. 29.V Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux, livr. 54, pi. 321, 1825. ?? Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 146, 1923.M Bull. Raffles Mus., No. 5, p. 84, 1931.w Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, p. 60, 1882. BIRDS FEOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 167HARPACTES DUVAUCELU (Tenuninck)Trogon duvaucelii Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux,livr. 49, pi. 29, 1824 (Sumatra).Two males and one female, BangTiara, Patani, July 6, 1926; onemale, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17, 1928; one female,Sichol, Bandon, May 23, 1930; one male, Kao Chong, Trang, Septem-ber 2, 1933; one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 22, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one immature male, Kao Nom Plu,Trang, February 25, 1897, and purchased a male in Penang said to havecome from the Province of Wellesley. He notes the color of the softparts as: Iris dark bro-wn; upper eyelid blue; bill blue, black alongthe culmen and at the tip; feet blue. The specimen is not fully adult,however, and some of these colors may change at maturity.There seem to be no constant differences in color between speci-mens from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Banka, and Borneo.Sumatran bii'ds are somewhat larger than mainland specimens, but theseries from the former is small. A good series from Borneo is veryclose to the mainland bird in size.Wings of seven males from the Malaj^ Peninsula measure 99-103(101). Two males from Sumatra and two males from Banka, 103.5-109 (106.5). Eight males from Borneo, 94.5-102.5 (99.9) Thespecies ranges from Borneo, Banka, and Sumatra to the Malay Statesand northward through Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Kobinson and Kloss^^ report it from as far north as Tasan, Chumpom,in Peninsular Siam. De Schauensee^^ collected two males and threefemales from Nakon Sritamarat; he compared them with specimensfrom Sumatra, Borneo, and Johore and states that the Sritamaratspecimens are more scarlet below.HARPACTES ORESKIOS UNIFORMIS (Robinson)Pyrolrogon oreskios uniformis Robinson, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus.,vol. 7, p. 149, 1917 (Lamra, Trang, Peninsular Siam).One female, Chiengdao, January 29, 1932; one female, Khun Tan,4,000 feet, February 26, 1932; one male, Aranya, July 19, 1930; onemale, Muek Lek, April 16, 1933; two males and one female, PakChong, May 10, 1925, April 27, 1926, November 26, 1929; one male,Tha Chang, Pak Chong, March 22, 1927; one male, Nong Khor,Sriracha, February 11, 1927; one female, Huey Yang, Sriracha,August 1, 1932; one male (marked female), Sakeo, near Krabin,May 3, 1928; three males, Silveu, near Korat, February 21-March 1,1926; one female, Kao Seming, Krat, October 11, 1928; one female,Kao Sabap, November 1, 1933; one female, Kao Luang, 2,000 feet,Nakon Sritamarat, July 21, 1928; one male and one female, Kao SoiDao, Trang, Januarj^ 7 and 22, 1934; one male, without label. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam., vol. 5, p. 148, 1923.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 265, 1934. 168 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMA set of two eggs was taken at Sikeii, March 1, with the male parent.They are oval, cartridge buff, and quite glossy. They measure 24.4by 21 and 24.7 by 20.3 mm.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two males and tw^ofemales, Trang (Prahmon, April 10, 1896; Lay Song Hong, September15, 1896, and January 1, 1897; Trang, January 29, 1897); one male,Pulo Langkawi, December 8, 1899; one male, Pulo Tenitau, Novem-ber 14, 1903; two females, Tenasserim (Victoria Point, December 17,1900; Sungei Balik, February 25, 1904). He gives the color of thesoft parts as: Bill horn blue, tip and culmen black; feet leaden; orbitalskin blue; ii'is dark browTi.The males from northern and eastern Siam differ as follows fromthe four males from Peninsular Siam: The pileum, throat, and chestare more of a light cadmium, not so dusky; the back is a lighterbrown; and the tail is longer.Robinson and Kloss ^^ state that birds from the southern MalayPeninsula differ very slightly from those from farther north in havingthe bars on the secondaries and wing coverts rather closer together.No specimens from the Malay States have been available for exami-nation, but three males and one female from the Island of Nias, offwestern Sumatra, agree quite closely with Peninsular Siamese birds.Three males from Nias measure: Wing, 119-121 (119.7); tail,137-144 (140.7); culmen, 16-17 (16.7) mm. Four males fromPeninsular Siam: Wing, 115-125 (120.7); tail, 136.5-156 (147.9);culmen, 15.5-17 (16.2) mm. Ten males from eastern Siam: Wing,114-122.5 (118.5); tail, 154-174 (163.8); culmen, 15-16 (15.4) mm.The form ranges from Nias, Sumatra, and the Malay States north-ward through Peninsular Siam to Tenasserim and northern Siam,and eastward through eastern Siam to Laos, Cambodia, Cochin-china, and Annam. The eastern bird should probably be separatedfrom the one occurring in Peninsular Siam, but I do not wish to do soat present. The form is generally distributed /all over Siam proper,Peninsular Siam, and many of the islands off the coast.Gyldenstolpe ^* took a set of two eggs near Pak Koh on March 11,1914. He describes the eggs as cafe-au-lait in color and gives themeasurements as 23.7 by 20.5 and 23.2 by 20.5 mm. He also saysthat this trogon is generally distributed over the whole of northernSiam. Gairdner ^^ records it from the Petchaburi District, andBarton ^^ from the Raheng District.Harpades oreskios oreskios (Teniminck) is confined to Java andHarpades oreskios dulitensis Grant to Borneo.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 148, 1923." Kun?l. Svenska Vot.-Akad. Randl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 105, 1916. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 150, 1915." Ibid., p. 107. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 169Family ALCEDINIDAE: KingfishersCERYLE RUDIS LEUCOMELANURA RcichenbachCeryle leucomelanura Reichenbach, Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie,Alcedineae, pp. iv, 21, pi. 409B, fig. 3488, 1851 (Ceylon),Three males, Potaram, February 4, 1926; eight males and threefemales, Bung Borapet, June 19-29, 1932, March 22, 1933; twomales and one female, Bangkok, February 9 and July 5, 1924, andJune 3, 1926.This race ranges from Ceylon and the whole of India, east toBurma, Siam, and Indo-China, and south to Tenasserim.It is evidently not an uncommon resident form all over Siam proper,but apparently does not extend south to Peninsular Siam,Gairdner ^^ records it for the Petchaburi District, and this is themost southern record I have seen in this direction; de Schauensee ^*took it at Kengkoi, which is the farthest east of which I have anyrecords, although it is said to occur all over Indo-China. Herbert ^'found it breeding higher up the river than Bangkok from December28 to March,A closely related form, Ceryle rudis insignis Hartert, is found insoutheastern Cliina,MEGACERYLE LUGUBRIS GUTTULATA (Stejneger)Ceryle guttulata Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 15, p. 294, 1893 (newname for Alcedo guttata Vigors, 1831, not Boddaert, 1783; Himalayas).One male, Ta Fang, January 18, 1933; one male, Khonka Valley,January 19, 1933.Dr. Smith supplies the following note on the first specimen: Rare;small watercourses in deep jungle. Stomach contained only fishbones,Chasen and Kloss ^^ record two males from the Raheng District;one of these specimens is now in the United States National Museumand was taken June 30, This seems to be the only previous recordfor Siam,The race breeds from Kashmir to Assam, Burma, western andnorthern Siam, China, and south to Tonkin, Laos, and Annam. Itis a mountain bird and does not occur in the low country, exceptpossibly in winter,M. I. luguhris (Temminck) is a considerably lighter-colored race,with reduced spotting on the pectoral band, and is confined to someof the Japanese islands and Korea, " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. IM, 1915." Proc. Acad. Nat. Pci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 2fil, 1OT4." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 307, 1924. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 165, 1928. 170 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL I\IUSEU^[ALCEDO ATTHIS BENGALENSIS GmelinAlcedo bcngalensis Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 450, 1788 (Bengal).One male, Sam Roi Yot, November 9, 1932; four males and twofemales, Bung Borapet, March 22, 1933; one male, Potaram, January23, 1927; two males and five females, Bangkok, October 13, 1923;January 19, 1924, October 26-28, November 2, and December 28,1925, and September 23, 1930; one female, Lem Sing, March 15, 1930;one female, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 27, 1925; one male,Kao Seming, Krat, October 12, 1928; one unsexed, Koh Chang,January 13, 1926; one male, Petchabun, February 14, 1934; one female,Koh Tao, off Bandon, September 19, 1928; five males, five females,and one unsexed, Nakon Sritamarat, September 16-October 8, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: One male, four females,and one unsexed, Trang (Prahmon, March 8-19, 1896 ; Lay Song Hong,September 28, 1896; Trang, January 1, 1899); one female, Pulo Lada,Langkawi Group, November 30, 1899; one male and two females,Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, October 29, 1899, March 2, 1900 (thesethree specim.ens taken by C. Boden Kloss) ; one female, Tanjong Dun-gun, Trengganu, September 20, 1900; one male and two females,Tenasserim (Maliwun, March 18, 1900; Victoria Point, March 30,31, 1900); and one female, Loughborough Island, Mergui Archipelago,January 25, 1900.Dr. Abbott gives the soft parts of the male as: Iris dark brown;bill black; feet red; claws horny brown; the female differs in havingthe lower mandible red or orange.This form has an immense range extending from India east toAssam, Burma, China, Korea, and Japan, south to Indo-China, Siam,Peninsular Siam, the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and thePhilippines.The form is a common resident bird, in suitable localities, all overSiam and on the islands off the coast. In the northern part of itsrange it is migratory or partially so.Alcedo atthis pallasii Reichenbach, a somewhat larger and palerform, breeds in Kashmir and Turkestan and extends westward toTranscaspia. It moves south of its breeding range in winter apparentlybut has not been taken east of the northwest provinces of India.ALCEDO MENINTING MENINTING HorsfieldAlcedo meninting Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 172, 1821(Java).One male, Nakon Sritamarat, October 1, 1926; one female, Sichol,Bandon, May 19, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a pair at Chong, Trang, January 23-24,1897, and an unsexed specimen on Singapore Island, ]May 27, 1899.He describes the soft parts of the male as: Iris dark browTi; bill black. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 171 reddish at gape; feet red, claws horn brown. The female is describedas: Bill red, blackish above.The specimens of this species available to me for comparison arenot sufficient to discuss the various races that have been proposed.Leaving out of consideration the forms described from the islands oflFthe west coast of Sumatra, and considering only the Greater SundaIslands, the Phillippines, and Siam, I have concluded that for thepresent it is inadvisable to recognize more than one form for specimensfrom Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and the mainland as far north in Penin-sular Siam as Nakon Sritamarat and Bandon at least, and possiblyfarther. Five males from Sumatra, four males from Borneo, twomales from Peninsular Siam, and two from Tawi Tawi, Philippines,agree in having the head banded with blue and the wing coverts spottedwith the same color; below, allowing for individual variation, they showno differences. There are not so many specimens of the female.There are three from Sumatra, one from Borneo, two from Java, twofrom Peninsular Siam, one from Singapore, and two from Tawi Tawi,Philippines. These again, allowing for individual variation, show noconstant differences. There are some differences in measurements, butthis is likely due to the smallness of the series rather than to geographicvariation.Five males from Sumatra measure: Wing, 60-63 (61.8); tail, 23.5-28.5 (26.2); culmen, 36.5-41 (39.6) mm. Three males from Borneo:Wing, 60-62.5 (61.2); tail, 24.5-27 (25.5); culmen, 39-41 (39.8) mm.Two males from Peninsular Siam: Wing, 65-65.5; tail, 26.5-27.5;culmen, 41-42 mm. Two males from Tawi Tawi, Philippines:Wing, 62, 67; tail, 25, 28.5; culmen, 40, 40.Four females from Sumatra measure: Wing, 59-66 (62.4); tail,24.5-28 (26); culmen, 34-38 (36.7) mm. One female from Borneo:Wing, 61; tail, 27; culmen, 40.5 mm. Two females from Java:Wing, 65-66; tail, 26-29; culmen, 39.5-40.5 mm. Two females fromPeninsular Siam: Wing, 64.5-66.5; tail, 26.5-28; culmen, 36-38 mm.Two females from Tawi Tawi, Philippines: Wing, 64-68; tail, 26-26.5;culmen, 36.5-37.5 mm.Stuart Baker ^' splits the range of what he regards as Alcedo menintmgmeninfing with his Alcedo meninting sciniillans. He says that the barsof the forehead and crown are tinged with green in the latter. Inthe series before me the specimens that correspond to this definitionare all females and came from: Sichol, Bandon; Chong, Trang;Singapore Island; Great Karimon Island, East Sumatra; and TawiTawi, Philippines; one specimen in each case. Some of these occurin the same locality as the memviing type of plumage, and Baker *^mentions that meninting and sciniillans both occur together. Taking ?' The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, pp. 254-256, 1927.M Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 39, p. 39, 1919. 172 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMthe above facts into consideration, I have been forced to the conclu-sion that the hitter is only an aberration or an age character and hasno geographic significance. In other words, A. m. scintillans shouldbe considered as a synonym of A. m. meninting.The range of A. m. meninting as at present understood would there-fore be as follows: Southern Tenasserim, south through PeninsularSiam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and some of thesouthern islands of the Philippines,This form does not seem to be a common bird in Peninsular Siam.Ogilvic-Grant ^^ records it from Biserat and Jalor, Patani; Robinsonand Kloss ^* from Pulo Terutau; and later ^^ from Junkseylon.Baker ^^ lists it from Klong Wang Hip.ALCEDO EURYZONIA NIGRICANS BlythAlcedo nigricans Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 1180, 1847 (Malacca).One male, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, September 21, 1928;one male, Sichol, Bandon, May 24, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male at Kao Soi Doi, 1,000 feet, Trang,February 17, 1899. He gives the color of the soft parts as: Iris darkbrown; bill very dark brown, blackish above; feet red.This form ranges from the Malay States to Peninsular Siam andTenasserim. Robinson *^ records it from Chong Trang, and KaoNawng, Bandon.*^ It seems to be a rare bird in Peninsular Siam andapparently has not been taken often in the Malay States. There aretwo females from Borneo in the United States National Museum,but there are none of this sex from the mainland. A male from DutchEast Borneo is considerably smaller than the three mainland males,and the neck patch is a richer, much deeper color, near tawny; cinna-mon in the mainland specimens. No specimens from Java have beenexamined.The male from Borneo measures: Wing, 79; culmen, 45 mm. Thethree males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 83-91 (87); culmen,48.5-50.5 (49.5) mm.CEYX ERITHACUS ERITHACUS (Linnaeus)Alcedo erithaca Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 115, 1758 (Bengal).Alcedo tridactyla Pallas, Spicilegia zoologica . . ., vol. 7, pi. 2, fig. 1, p. 10, 1769(India) . One male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 30, 1925; onefemale, Koh Kut, May 23, 1929; one male, Nakon Sritamarat, Sep-tember 16, 1926. *' Fr.scictili Malayenses, pt. 3, p. Ill, 1905. *? Ihis. 1911, p. 32.? Jonru. Nar. Hist. Sos. Siam, vol. 3, p. 95, 1919. *> nv:,i., p. 433.n Ibis, 1911. p. S3. "Journ. Federated Maiay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 91, 1915. BIRDS FROM SIAM AXD THE MALAY PENINSULA 173Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and two females, DomelIsland, Mergui Archipelago, February 23, 25, 1900. He describes thesoft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill and feet coral-red.The form ranges from Ceylon and practically aU India east toAssam, Burma, Siam, Indo-China, and Hainan and south throughPeninsular Siam to the Aroa Island, Straits of Malacca, and Sumatra.Robinson and Kloss *^ state that it occurs tliroughout the MalayPeninsula. Gyldenstolpe ^^ says that it is generally distributedthroughout Siam, though nowhere common. A related form, Ceyxerithacus macrocarus Oberholser, is found in the Nicobar and AndamanIslands. CEYX RUFIDORSUS RUFIDORSUS StricklandCeyx rufidorsa Strickland, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1846, p. 99, 1847 (Malacca).One male, Sichol, Bandon, August 29, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male on the Endau River, east coast ofJohore, July 15, 1901.Chasen and Kloss ^^ in working over this species reached the con-clusion that dilhmjnni Sharpe, innominata Salvadori, sharpei Salvadori,euerythra Sharpe, and robusta Parrot are synonyms of this form. Asthey had a large series, they are probably right. They give therange of C. r. rufidorsus as Malay Peninsula, Rhio-Lingga Islands,Banka, Billiton, Sumatra, Mentawi Islands, Batu Islands, Java, Bali,Kangean Islands, Anamba Islands, Natuna Islands, and Borneo.I have left out the Philippine Islands mentioned by them as specimensexamined by me from some of the other islands of the group seem tobe different. They have less of the plilox-purplish wash on the headand back.Robinson ^- records this kingfisher under the name Ceyx euerythrafrom Ban Kok Klap, Bandon. Bandon seems to be its northern limiton the m.ainland. RAMPHALCYON AMAUROPTERA (Pearson)Halcyon amauroptera Pearson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 10, p. 635, 1841(Calcutta, India).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and one female at Prahmon^Trang, March 8, 17, 1896; one male, Pulo Adang, Butang Islands,December 14, 1899; two males, Maliwun, Tenasserim, March 18, 1900;one male, Sullivan Island, Mergui Archipelago, February 3, 1900.He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; orbital skin orange orred; bill red, tip black; feet bright red, claws horny brown. " Uiis, 1911. p. 33.? Ibif, 1920. p. 588. ?' Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 4, pp. 21-24, 1930." Journ. Federated Malay States Mas., vol. 5, p. 92, 1915.33527?38 12 174 BULLETIlSr 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis species can readily be distinguished from the capensis formsoccurring in Siam by the seal-brown back and wings and the ochraceous-orange pileum.The species ranges from eastern Bengal to Assam and south tliroughTenasserim and western Peninsular Siam to the Langkaw^i group ofislands. Robinson and Kloss ^^ state that they are not aw^are that ithas been met with on the east coast of the Peninsula; it is fairly com-mon along the west coast but is never found far from salt water.Robinson ?* records it from Pulo Terutau and Pulo Dayang Bunting,Langkawi Group.RAMPHALCYON CAPENSIS BURMANICA (Sharpe)Pelargopsis hurmanica Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 67 (Tonghoo,Burma) . One male and one female, Meldian, February 7, 1932; three malesand one female, Bung Borapet, Jime 22-24, 1932, March 22, 1933; onemale, Bung Tabgrit, March 27, 1933; one female, Bangkok, April 17,1924; one male, Pong, Udon, February 17, 1929; two males and onefemale, Lem Sing, March 12, 16, 1930, June 27, 1931; one male, Sikeu,near Korat, Februarj^ 17, 1926; one female, Petchabun, Februarj'- 14,1934; one male, Lamton Lang, May 30, 1934; one male, Rajagm^i,April 10, 1926; one male, Muang Kanburi, April 15, 1928; one male,Koh Lak, June 22, 1933.This form is a considerably lighter blue on the mantle and wing8and the head is a lighter brown (drab) than the next form (ma!ac-censis); it is also somewhat larger. Ten males from Siam propermeasure: Wing, 146.5-159 (151.5); tail, 92.5-105 (97.7); culmen,77-90 (84) mm. Five females: Wing, 146-164.5 (156); tail, 84-104(97.7); cuhnen, 81-86 (84) mm.The race ranges from Buraia south to Siam and east to Cambodia,Laos, Cochinchina, and Annam. In Siam proper it is found residentall over the comitry and southward in the southwestern part as far asKoh Lak at least.Robinson and Kloss ?^ record it from Hat Sanulv, near Koh Lak;Namchiik, Pakchan, and Kandhuli Chaiya; the two latter localitiesare in Peninsular Siam, and the last is at about the southern limit ofits range in this direction.Specimens from Bandon ai^e more or less intermediate betweenhurmanica and malaccensis, but nearer tlie latter.Herbert ^^ states that in central Siam it is resident in the fnut gar-dens, where it breeds in hollow trees; four nests were found on theM Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 122, 1923. '* Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 146, 1917." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 122, 1923. ?e Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 308, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 175following dates: May 12, May 26, July 28, and August 31, only one ofwhich contained a completed set of four eggs.RAMPHALCYON CAPENSIS MALACCENSIS (Sharpe)Pelargo'psis malaccensis Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. G7 (Malacca)'Ramphalcyon capensis hTjdrophila Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 35,p. G77, 1909 (Singapore Island).One male and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 30, 1924, July 11 >1926; one male, Bukit, Patani, January 27, 1931; one male, Yala,Patani, February 1, 1931; one male and fom* females, Nakon Srita-marat, September 16-October 8, 1926; one unsexed, Ban Tlia Yai,Nakon Sritamarat, July 8, 1928; one female, Bandon, January 7,1927; one male, Tlia Lo, Bandon, September 14, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Three males and threefemales, Tyching, Trang, May 10-July 6, 1896; one male, Packa,Trengganu, September 26, 1900; one male, Jambu Luang, east coast ofJohore, August 2, 1901; one male, Singapore Island, May 27, 1899(type of hydrophila Oberholser). He describes the soft parts as:Male, iris dark brown; bill dark red, tip black; feet bright red, clawsblack ; orbital ring red ; the female is similar.The t3'pe of Bamphalcyon cajyensis hydroj^hila Oberholser has alighter-colored pileum with a more buffy wash than the remainder ofthe above series. There is a male from Nakon Sritamarat (no.308608) that has even a deeper, more ocliraceous wash on the pileumthan the type of hydrophila; these two specimens I prefer to consideraberrant. The males from Trengganu and Johore have dark pileumsand are similar to those from Trang, or even a little darker. Thepileiun becomes lighter as the foim extends north in the Peninsula,and there is a bluish wash in the Bandon male and in one male fromNakon Sritamarat. In the other male from the latter locality, asmentioned above, tlie pilemn is washed with ocliraceous. The malefrom Bandon, however, is darker on the pileum and back than bur-manica from farther north.The females of the genus are apparently somewhat larger than themales and have a tendency to be somewhat lighter on the pileum.Two females from the Rhio Ajchipelago (Lingga Island and PidoBintang), associated by Oberholser with the type of hydrophila in hisdescription, have longer bills than any female measured from themainland; they are somewhat immature and may or may not belongto the mainland race. As to their drab, ochraceous-washed pileums,they can be almost matched by a female from Nakon Sritamarat (no.308611). For tlie present they can be placed with the mainland formwith some reservations.Ten males from Peninsular Siam (from Bandon south) and the MalayStates measure: Wing, 139-153 (146.2); tail, 85.5-95 (91.7); culmen. 176 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM73-84 (77) mm. Eight females: Wing, 145-158 (151.5); tail, 91-99.5(95.2); culmen, 75.5-83 (78) mm.The range of the form extends from Bandon in Peninsular Siam, orpossibly slightly farther north, south through the Malay States toSingapore. Robinson ^' reports it from Koh Pennan, off Bandon.This form has a darker pilcum and back than R. c. burmanica.HALCYON SMYRNENSIS FUSCA (Boddaert)Alcedo fusca Boddaeut, Table des planches en!umin(5ez d'histoire naturelle,p. 54, 1783 (Malacca).One female, Mesuya Valley, January 2, 1933; one female. BungBorapet, Jime 21, 1932; one male, Potaram, February 6, 1926; twomales and five females, Bangkok, October 2 and 25, 1924, October 10,26, and December 18-30, 1925; one unsexed, Hupbon, October 31,1931; one female, Nong Khor, February 5, 1927; one male, KaoSabap, November 4, 1933; two males and one female, Muang Kan-buri, April 7 and 9, 1928; one male and one female, Pran, April 1 and4, 1931; one female, Bandon, January 6, 1927; one unsexed, Bangnara,Patani, July 11, 1926; one female, Bukit, Patani, Januarj^ 24, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected tlic following: Three males, two females,and one unsexed in Trang (Prahmon, April 4, 1896; Tyching, July 8,1896; Lay Song Hong, August 16, and September 20, 1896; Trang,February 15, 1897, March 4, 1899). There is a female from TanjongKalong, Singapore, October 15, 1899, collected by C. Boden Kloss.Dr. Abbott also collected a set of two eggs in Trang, February15, 1897.Dr. Abbott gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill red, darkat base; feet red, claws dark hom brown.There seem to be no constant differences in color between PeninsularSiam specimens and those from Siam proper; the males from the northon the average seem to have somewhat larger bills, but it is notconstant.The form ranges all over India and Burma east to Siam, southwestChina, Indo-China, and Peninsular Siam to the Malay States as far asSingapore. Apparently it is a common resident form all over Siam andin the Malay Penin.5ula.The species has been divided into a niunber of forms. That fromFokien, China, has been separated as Halcyon smyrnensis JokienslsLaubmann and Gotz.^^ ?' Journ. Fed. Malay States Miis., vol. 5, p. 145, 1915. ?> Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, vol. 17, p. 42, 1926. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE INIALAY PENINSULA 177HALCYON PILEATA (Boddaert)Alcedo pileala Boddaert, Table des planches enlumin^ez d'histoire naturelle,p. 41, 1783 (China).Five males and two females, Banirkok, February 6 and October 30,1924, October 22 and 29, and December 29, 30, 1925, and January 19,1927; one female, Nong Khor, February 12, 1927; one male, LemSing, March 15, 1930; one female, Koh Chang, January 5, 1926; onemale, Rajaguri, April 10, 1926; one male and one female, Koh Tao,September 25, 26, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Five males and twofemales in Trang (Prahmon, March 19 and 21, 1890; Lay Song Hong,October 9, 1896; Trang, January 13, 26, 1897; Kantany, January 16,1897); one male, Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 15, 1899;one male and three females, Tenasserim (Tanjong Badak, January 6,1900; Bok Pyin, February 19, 1900; Victoria Point, November 24,1900; Maliwun Creek, December 20, 1901); two females, MerguiArcliipelago (Loughborough Island, January 26, 1900; and VictoriaIsland, December 5, 1903). He gives the colors of the soft parts as:Iris dark brown; bill red, dusky at base; feet red, blackish in frontand top of toes.Tliis species has a tremendous range, being found from Korea, inthe north, south through China to Indo-China, Siam, Burma, andAssam, west to Nepal, thence south through Peninsular Siam toCelebes.In the northern part of its range it is only a summer resident, butfarther south it is said to be resident the year around. The residentbirds in the southern part of its range are probably augmented in thecold season by the migrants from farther north. It seems to be arather common bird in Siam proper and in Peninsular Siam also.Herbert ^^ took a single egg from a hole in a tree in the middle ofJuly at Paknampo, central Siam.It is said to be a seacoast bird, going inland only along the largerivers. ENTOMOTHERA COROMANDA COROMANDA (Latham)Alcedo coromanda Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 252, 1790 (Coro-mandela; type locality fixed by Oberholser, Rangoon, Pegu).One male and one female, Nakon Sritamarat, March 28, 1924; onemale, Koh Kut, May 25, 1929.Dr. Abbott secured a male at Tychmg, Trang, April 24, 1896. Hegives the soft parts as: Feet red, claws orange-yellow; orbital ringorange.The form ranges from the Himalayas of Nepal east to Assam,Burma, southeastern China, Indo-China, Siam, and down Peninsular ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 309, 1924. 178 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSiam to Malacca. Gyldenstolpe ^ lias recorded it from Khun Tan;Robinson ^ from Pulo Langkawi and Pulo Terutau ; Robinson andKloss " state that it is widely, though sparingly, distributed along bothcoasts of Peninsular Siam and is very numerous both in Singoraand at Tanjong Patani.ENTOMOTHERA COROMANDA MINOR (Teinitiinck and Schlegel)Alcedo {Halcyon) coromanda minor Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica,Aves, p. 76 1842 (Borneo and Sumatra; type locality restricted by Ober-holser, Pontianak, Borneo).Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male on Singapore Island, May 18,1899. He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; eyelids red;bill and feet red, claws horny red.This is a smaller and considerably darker bird than the precedingrace. It ranges from Borneo and Java to Singapore and Johore;possibly farther north.There are apparently no records of this form from PeninsularSiam, though it may reach Patani.SAUROPATIS CHLORIS ARMSTRONGI (Sharpe)Halcyon chloris subsp. a. armslrongi Sharpe, Catalogue of birds in the BritishMuseum, vol. 17, p. 277, pi. 7, fig. 1, 1892 (Sunderbunds to Burmah, Tenas-serim, and Siam, south to the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and northernBorneo; type locality as fixed by Oberholser, Siam).Two males, Bangkok, February 14 and April 13, 1924; one maleand two females, Nakon Sritamarat, September 16-30, 1926; one male,Patalung, July 10, 1929; one female, Koh Pangan (Pennan), July 22,1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two males and twofemales, Trang (Telibon Island, February 25 and March 1, 1896;Prahmon, March 22 and 26, 1896); one male and one female, PuloLangkawi, December 2, 1899; one female, Tanjong Laboha, Treng-ganu, September 30, 1900; two males, Mergui Arcliipelago (Lough-borough Island, January 24, 1900; Bentinck Island, March 9, 1900);one male, Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March 30, 1900. He gives thesoft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black, white at base of lowermandible; feet fleshy brown.The two males from. Bangkok have the ear coverts blue like thecroM'n. An unsexed specimen from Klong Yai has the ear covertsmore of a greenish blue; the latter can be matched by specimens fromPeninsular Siam. Only two specimens, one from Pulo Langkawi andone from Trengganu, have the ear coverts blackish, and they showsigns of being slightly inmiature, though in other immature speci- 1 Kungl. SveDska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 118, 1916. ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 147, 1917. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 128. 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 179mens the ear coverts are greenish blue. If Sauroyatis chloris humiiSharpe is to be recognized, it will have to be for a form inhabitingthe Malay States and probably farther south.The range of S. c. armstrongi is from the southeastern coast ofBengal to Burma, the coast of Siam, southern Indo-China, andPeninsular Siam as far as Pujo Langkawi. It is a seacoast form andapparently is found all along the Siamese seacoast and on the islandsoff the coast.Herbert * reports it common in the nesting season at Bangkok,which extends from March 10 to August.CARIDAGRUS CONCRETUS CONCRETUS (Temminck)Dacelo concreta Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux, livr.58, pi. 346, 1825 (Sumatra).One male, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, October 6, 1930; one female,Kao Chong, Trang, September 6, 1933; one female, Kao Soi Dao,Trang, December 20, 1933. Dr. Smith gives the soft parts of themale as follows: Iris dark brown; bill blackish brown, below yellow;legs greenish yellow; the female is sim^ilar.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a female at the Endau River, eastcoast of Johore, June 27, 1901, and a female at the Rumpin River,Pahang, July 5, 1902. Dr. Abbott's description of the soft parts ofthe female is practically the same as that of Dr. Smith except the legsare given as brownish yellow or yellow.The two females taken by Dr. Abbott were caught in rat traps indeep forest far from water.Beside the above, the United States National Museum containsonly two males and one female from Sumatra with definite localities.From the two Sumatra males, the single male from Kao Luang differsin being much larger and in having the coverts of the wing edged withlighter blue. The single male from Kao Luang measures: Wing,116; culmen, 48 mm. The two Sumatra males: Wing, 104-107;culmen, 44.5-45 mm. Wliether these differences would hold in alarger series is problematical.Robinson and Kloss ^ state that Bornean specimens are darkerblue.This species seems to be rare in museums, probably on account ofits habits.It ranges from the extreme south of Tenasserim to Singapore,Sumatra, Banka, and Billiton. The Bornean form has been namedHalcyon concreta borneana by Chasen and Kloss. ^ * Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 310, 1924. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 130, 1923. ? Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 4, p. 24, 1930. 180 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMLACEDO PULCHELLA PULCHELLA (Horsfleld)Dacelo pvlchella Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 175, 1S21(Java) . One male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 24, 1931; one female, IlueyYang, Kao Luang, October 4, 1930; one female, Kao Chong, Trang,September 13, 1933; one male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 4, 1934;one male and three females, Kao Sabap, November 13-25, 1933; onefemale, Lamton Lang, May 28, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott secured a female at Tyching, Trang, July 3, 1896.He gives the color of the soft parts as: Feet brownish yellow, clawsdark brown; bill red; orbital sldn red.The female in this species is somewhat larger than the male anddifferently colored.I am inclined to agree with Robinson and Kloss ^ in not recognizinga northern form of this kingfisher. The species varies considerablyindividually, but my material is not sufficient to show geographicdifferences, if any exist. A male from eastern Sumatra is darkerchestnut on the forehead and cheeks than Peninsular Siamese males,and the head is without any white markings on the crown, but whetherthese differences are geographic I cannot tell.The species ranges from Pegu and Tenasserim to Siam and east toCambodia, Laos, central and southern Annam, south through Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, and the NatunaIslands.Gyldenstolpe ^ records it from Pak Koh and Hue Pu, northernSiam; it has been recorded thence from practically all parts of thecountry and on some of the larger islands off the coast. It is saidto be a bird of the dry jungle, and probably that is why it is not com-monly collected. Herbert ^ records a set of three eggs taken by hiscollector at Meklong, May 26. De Schauensee ^? secured a smallseries at Chiengmai, 3,500 feet, Chantabun, and at Nakon Sritamarat,which he assigns to Lacedo pulchella amabilis.Family MEROPIDAE: Bee-eatersMEROPS ORIENTALIS BIRMANUS NeumannMerops viridis birmanus Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., vol. 18, p. SO, 1910 (Alyingan,Burma^ . Two females, Chomtong, November 30, 1928; two males, Chieng-dao, January 28, 1932; three males and two females, Sam Roi Yot,November 9-19, 1932; one male, Tha Luang, October 23, 1932; onefemale, Ban Kang, December 1, 1928; two males, Noan Wat, February ' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 126, 1923. ? Kungl. Svenska Vei.-Akad Uandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 115, 1916. ? Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 311, 1924. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 262, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 18114, 1929; one immature male and three immature females, Cbantabun,May 26-27, 1929; one male, Sriracha, April 19, 1934; two males andone female, Muang Kanburi, April 7-9, 1928; two males and onefemale. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 9, 1928; one male and one female,Koh Lak, June 6, 1933.The four immature specimens collected at Chantabun are in twostages of plumage. All four are a warm buff below washed with lightgreen in varying degrees, according to age; above they are a lighter,less bright green than the adult, with a bufi'y suffusion on the napeand upper back. In the first stage the black crescent on the chest isentii-ely lacking and the lowerparts are lighter, less green. In thenext stage the black crescent appears on the chest; the lowerpartsbecome a deeper green; the throat a citron j'ellow; the malar regionbright green ; above, the pileum becomes a deeper buff, with a deeperbuff suffusion.In some of the apparent adults the chin and sides of the throatbecome cendre blue, but the specimens with the bluest throats do notalways have the deepest golden pileums. All the specimens withthe bluest throats Dr. Smith has sexed as males, so it may be a sexualcharacter. All the birds sexed as males have not the blue chins andthroat, however; they are probably younger bh'ds.The present form has a rather wide range, extending from Assam,Burma, and Yunnan southward to Siam and eastward to Cambodia,Cochinchina, Annam, and Laos. It occurs nearly all over Siam properand in the southwest has been taken as far south as Koh Lak where ithas been collected by Count Gyldenstolpe and Robinson and Kloss.Stuart Baker recognizes two additional forms for Asia and Sclaterfour forms for Africa. Merops orientalis orientalis Latham inhabitsnearly all India and Ceylon, except the extreme northwest frontierMEROPS PHIUPPINUS JAVANICUS HorsfieldMerops javanicus Horsfield, Trans, Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 171, 1821(Java) . One male and one female, Bung Borapet, June 20, 1932, March 29,1933 ; one male and one female, Bangkok, January 3 and September 30,1924; one male and one female, Fran, April 1, 1931 ; one male and onefemale, Sam Roi Yot, November 8, 1932; one male and one female,Koh Tao, off Bandon, September 22, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Three males and onefemale, Prahmon, Trang, February 24 and March 9, 1S9G; one male,Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, November 19, 1899; one male, FuloLangkawi, December 8, 1899.These birds agree with the form from Java rather than that fromthe Philippine Islands. Specimens from the Philippines have thebreast washed with buffy and the back a golden-green, while specimens 182 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMfrom Java and the mainland have the breast without the huffy wash,just a phiin bright green and the back the same.The form has a wide range, occurring from Ceylon and practicallyall India to the foothills of the Himalayas, eastward to Burma, Siam,Cambodia, Cochinchina, Annam, and Tonkin, and southward downPeninsular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, and Celebes.The form is both a resident and migrant virtually all over Siam andextends down Peninsular Siam to Singapore. Robinson " in recordingit from Pulo Terutau says that it is a migrant only in the southern partof the Peninsula; he has also recorded it from Koh Samui and KohPennan.^^ Williamson ^^ states that it is both resident and migrantat Bangkok.Merops philippinus philippinus Linnaeus inhabits the PhilippineIslands. MEROPS VIRIDIS SUMATRANUS RaffleaMerops sumatranus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 294, 1822(Sumatra) . One male and one immature unsexed, Bangnara, Patani, May 9,1924, July 17, 1926; one male and one female, Singora, June 29, 1929;two males, Koh Lak, June 5 and 11, 1933; one female, Nong Khor,Sriracha, October 3, 1925.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male and a female in Trang (Pralmion^February 21, 1896; Tyching, July 8, 1896); two males and one femaleat the Bindings, Straits of Malacca, April 15 and 16, 1900; one male,one female, and one unsexed, Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, March 6and April 20, 1900. He gives the soft parts as: Bill black; feet dullblack; iris carmine.This form has a wide range, occurring from Borneo, Sumatra, andNias through the Malay States and Peninsular Siam to southern andsoutheastern Siam, Cochinchina, Annam, Tonkin, and southeasternChina. Robinson and Kloss ^* report it common over nearly all thePeninsula and met with it on Langkawi. Robinson '^ records itfrom Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, off Bandon; Kloss ^? lists it fromLat Bua Kao, eastern Siam.Bangs and Penard *^ described the form Merops sumatranus coeli-genus from Java. Two specimens in the United States NationalMuseum bear out their diagnosis of bluer underparts, etc., as com-pared with specimens from the mainland. Unfortunately, however, " Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 152, 1917." Journ. Federated Malay Slates Mus., vol. 5, p. 146, 1915.13 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2. p. 328, 1917.lUbis. 1911, p. 37." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, 1915, p. 146." Ibis, 1918, p. 93. >' Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 8, p. 43, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 183Hartert ^^ has shown that Merops viridis Linnaeus appHes to tliisspecies and was founded upon the Javan bird. As the mainlandform is apparently recognizable, it will once again bring the name ofMerops sumatranus Raffles into use for it.I have not examined any birds from the island of Sumatra, but thereare in the United States National Museum five specimens from Niascollected by Dr. Abbott. These are in fresh unworn plumage. Theyseem to be of a brighter green on the chest than the series from theMalay Peninsula and Siam. The collection of the United StatesNational Museum contains also three specimens from Hunan, China,in fresh plumage, and since they apparently do not differ from thosefrom Nias, the above apparent difference is probably due to ageor wear.Two specimens from Java (one male and one female) measure:Wing, 109-111; culmen, 35.5-36 mm. Twelve specimens from theMalay Peninsula and Siam (seven males and five females) : Wing,109-121 (113.4); culmen, 33.5-37.5 (35.4) mm. Three specimensfrom Plunan, China (one male, one female, and one unsexed) : Wing,111-118 (114); culmen, 36.5-38 (37) mm. Five specimens from theisland of Nias (two males and three females): Wing, 113-118.5(115.8); culmen, 33-38 (35) mm.I have not examined any specimens from Borneo.Apparently there are three recognizable forms of this species, asfollows : Merops viridis viridis Linnaeus (Java).Merops virid-'s americanus Miiller (Philippine Islands).Merops viridis sumatranus Raffles (as above).MELITTOPHAGUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS ERYTHRGCEPHALUS (Gmelin)Merops erythrocephalus Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 463, 1788(India).One male and one female, Mesarieng, January 21, 1933; one female,Nong Bua, October 18, 1932; three males and four females, Hin Lap,December 10-12, 1931; one female, Nong Mong, Krabin, August 24,1925; one male and one female, Nong Khor, Sriracha, November10-14, 1926; one female, Ban Nakae, March 3, 1929; two males, andone female, Koh Chang, January 5-8, 1926; two males, Tlia Lo,Bandon, September 24, 1931; one female, Yalo, Patani, February 2,1931; two males, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 6 and 17, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and five females in Tiang(Prahmon, February 21 and March 30, 1896; Telibon Island, Febru-ary 25, 1896; Lay Song Hong, November 11, 1896; near Kao NokRam, January 18, 1899); one female and one unsexed, Tenasscrim(Sungei Balik, November 28, 1900; Champang, December 21, 1903). '? Nov. Zool,, 1910, p. 483. 184 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMOne of Dr. Abbott's specimens is an immature male (about two-thirds grown and taken at Prahmon, Trang, March 30. It is a smalleredition of the adult, but the colors are paler, the forehead is green,and the ear coverts black. This specimen would indicate that theymust commence at this locality to breed very early.Dr. Abbott describes the soft colors as follows: Bill black; feet darkfleshy brown or leaden; iris red.The form ranges from the west coats of India and Ceylon eastwardto Assam, Burma, Yunnan, Siam, Cambodia, Cochinchina, Annam,Tonkin, and Laos and southward through Peninsular Siam to theMalay States.Robinson and Kloss '^ say that on Terutau and Langkawi Islandsit is very abundant during the winter months and is found sparinglyin Penang and extends south as far as Parit on the Perak River. Theyoung bird taken by Dr. Abbott, mentioned above, would indicatethat it must breed as far south as Trang, at least, and at a very earlydate. Deignan^*' reports that a few pairs breed on Doi Sutep at 5,500feet in April and then disappear. De Schauensee ^^ states that itappears to be rare in North Siam. It occurs nearly all over Siam inthe breeding season, but just how far south it winters or how farsouth it breeds apparently is not known.A related form, M. e. leschenavlti (Vieillot), is confined to Java. Itlacks the brown band above the black band across the chest,ALCEMEROPS ATHERTONI (Jardine and Sclby)NycHornis athertoni Jardine and Selby, Illustrations of ornithology, vol. 2, pi. 58,1828 (Bangalore,^ "India").One male and one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 19, 22, 1934; onefemale, Doi Phra Chao, August 6, 1934; one female, Khun TanMountains, 4,400 feet, November 22, 1928; one male and two females,Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, October 23, 1929, February 16, 1932; one female,Sakeo, near Krabin, May 4, 1928; two females, Lamton Lang, May 30and June 1, 1934; one male and one female, Lat Bua Kao, August 7,1929; two females, Pak Chong, June 15, 1925; one female. Lam KlongLang, Pak Chong, June 10, 1925; one female, Klong Yai, Sriiacha,July 22, 1932; one male. Ban Tarn Dam, southeastern Siam, March5, 1930; two males, Pran, southwestern Siam, May 27, 1928.Several of the above specimens are heavily washed above withcaerulean blue. They are in worn plumage, and I think this color isdue to wear.There are two immature specimens in the series: A male from Pran,May 27, and a female from Pak Chong, May 15; they are about two- " Journ. Xal. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 5, p. 138, 1923.>? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Flist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. ICl, 1931. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 261, 1934.M Kinnear, Ibis, 1925, p. 751. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 185thirds grown. They are hke the adults but, of course, have muchshorter bills. They evidently acquire the adult plumage at an earlierage than Alcemerops amictus.The species ranges from India eastward to eastern Assam and southinto Burma, Siam, Laos, Tonldn, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia.It occurs nearly all over Siam proper and has been taken as far southas Hat Sanuk by Robinson and Kloss ^^ and Koh Lak Paa by CountGyldenstolpe.-'* Deignan '^ reports that it is found on Doi Sutepbetween 2,500 and 4,600 feet and also on the plain at Chiengmai. DeSchauensee ^^ secured specimens from Chiengdao, 5,000 feet, as well asDoi Sutep, 4,500-5,550 feet, and Monghn, South Shan States, andreports it everywhere rather scarce. It is a forest bird.A single male from Daban, southern Annam, received through C.Boden Kloss, is considerably p^ler above and below, and the gorget isless pronounced and a paler blue; the underside of the tail is noticeablypaler and the tip of the feathers dusky rather than blackish ; the shaft ofthe tail feathers is ivory instead of lemon-yellow.ALCEMEROPS AMICTUS (Temminck)Mernps amicta Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux, livr.52, pi. 310, 1824 ^Bencoolen, Sumatra).One male and one female, Kao Luang, 1,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat,July 23, 1928; one male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 15, 1931; twomales and one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 20, 27, 1933,January 25, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, March 6, 1896; Tyching, July 21, 1896; Lay Song Hong,September 20, 1896; Kao Soi Dao, 1000-2000 feet, February 11-18,1899); and one female, Champang, Tenasserim, December 22, 1903.He gives the soft parts as follows: Bill black, base of lower mandibleleaden; feet greenish leaden; iris orange-red.The species ranges from Tenasserim south thiough Peninsular Siamto the Malay States, Sumatra, Banka, and Borneo.Besides the series mentioned above, the United States NationalMuseum contains the following: One male from east Sumatra, onemale and one female from Banka, three males and three females fromBorneo (only two of each sex adult) and one male from Selangor.The series from Borneo is not sufficient to show whether there isany average difference in size between it and the mainland series.There seems to be no constant difference in color.In the series of males before me, a narrow border around the bill iscaerulean blue in seven specimens, but with the mentum scheele green " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 138, 1923.? Kungl. Svanska Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 110, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, no. 3, p. 161, 1931.>? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 261, 1934. 186 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMin nine and entirely green in one; the difference is probably due to age.All the males have the bases of the lilac feathers of the forehead scarletor apricot bufi" subbasally. The females diffei from the males inhaving the forehead scarlet like the throat and the Hlac of the crownmore restricted.A young female not long from the nest collected by Dr. Abbott onBanka, June 8, is lettuce green,with bluish feathers around the bill;belly empire yellow; under tail coverts the same, with a greenish wash;breast lightly washed with empire yellow ; tail as in the adult. Anotherimmature, sexed male of about adult size collected on the same islandby Dr. Abbott, June 20, is sunilar but a deeper green; the abdomenwashed with green and more of a green wash on the under tail coverts ; a couple of red feathers still in sheath are appearing on the left side inthe malar region. One or two feathers on the throat and one or two onthe breast are tinged with golden. Evidently the red of the adult doesnot appear until the young reach adult size.Gaiidner's " record from the Petchaburi District is the northern-most record in Siam known to me. In Tenasserim it has been foundfarther north. Robinson and Kloss ^^ say that farther south in Penin-sular Siam it is a common forest bird.Eight males from the Malay Peninsula measure: Wing, 125-141(130.9); tail, 110.5-119 (115.2); culmen, 45-52 (46.7). Two malesfrom Borneo: Wing, 129.5-135; tail, 114.5-117; culmen, 45-47 mm.Three females from the Malay Peninsula: Wing, 122-129 (126.5);tail, 112-118.5 (115.2); culmen, 47.5-49 (48.2) mm. Two femalesfrom Borneo: Wing, 119-120; tail, 112-114; cuhnen 46-47 mm.Family CORACIIDAE: RollersCORACIAS AFFINIS McQclIandCoracias affinis McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S39, p. 164, 1840 (Assam).One female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 21, 1930; one female,Aranya, July 13, 1930; three males, three females, and one unsexed,Bangkok, March 7 ana October 18, 1924, September 12, October 27,ana December 26-29, 1925; one male, Pak Chong, June 25, 1934; twomales, Muang Kanburi, April 15 ana September 11, 1928; one male,Nong Khor, Sriracha, February 8, 1927; one female, Sakeo, nearKrabin, May 6, 1928.This species has a rather wide range, occurring from Assam andeastern Bengal through Burma ana Yunnan to Siam, Camboaia,Cochinchina, Annam, Laos, ana Tonkin. In Siam it has been takennearly all over the country and extends down Peninsular Siam as faras Patani. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siaru, vol. 1, p. 150. 1915. 's Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 139, 1923. iJlIlDS FKOM SIAINI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 187Herbert ^^ found it nesting m central Siam from March to Apriland describes the nest and eggs. In Peninsular Siam it is said to beonly a migrant.Parrot ^^ separated the Siamese bird on the strength of a singleunsexed specimen naming it Coracias offinis theresiae. Robinson andKioss ^^ state that the principal character of tlie race is not borne outby the considerable series examined by them.I have not examined any birds from Assam, but I have before metwo adult males and four females from Yunnan. There is not muchdifference in color between these and the series from Siam. TheYunnan bu'd has a more brownish-drab chest and breast; there issome difference in size, however, the more northern bii'd being larger.There is no difference in size or color between the sexes.Two males and four females from Yunnan measure: Wing, 194.5-207 (199.5); culmen, 36.5-42 (40) mm. Six males and six femalesfrom Siam: Wing, 177-191 (185.2); culmen, 32.5-38 (34.9) mm.This species has been placed as a race of Coracias benghalensis bymany recent ornithologists, but in my opinion it is too distinct fromthat species to be so treated.EURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS ORIENTALIS (Linnaeus)Coracias orientalis Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 159, 1766 (Indiaorientali= Java) . One male, Hin Lap, eastern Siam, September 30, 1932; one male,Pang Sok, eastern Siam, August 26, 1926; one male, Pak Chong,May 9, 1925; one female. Lam Ivlong Lang, Pak Chong, June 16, 1925;one female, Tha Chang, Pak Chong, March 19, 1927; two females,Nong Klior, Sriracha, November 9, 1926, February 11, 1927; onemale and one female, Ban Sadet, Sriracha, May 31 and June 2, 1925;one male, Huey Yang, Sriracha, July 31, 1932; one male, Sakeo, nearKi-abin, May 7, 1928; one male, Lamton Lang, May 30, 1934; onefemale, Kao Seming, Krat, October 15, 1928; one female, Lem Sing,March 16, 1930; one male, Sai Yok, Kanburi, September 22, 1929;one male, Pran, April 2, 1931; one male, Bandon, January 6, 1927;two females, Tha Lo, Bandon, January 13, 17, 1931; four males,Sichol, Bandon, June 25, 1929, May 20 and 23, 1930; three males andtwo females, Nakon Sritamarat, September 12, 13, 1924, September26-October 6, 1926; one female. Ban Peng Sao, Nakon Sritamarat,no date; one male, and one female, Pak Bayoon, July 4, 1929; onemale and one female, Patalung, July 5, 1929; one female, Yala,Patani, February 1, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, February 21-April 5, 1896; Tyching, July 19, 1896; Traug ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 300, 1924.? Verii. Orn. Ges. Bayern, vol. 8, p. 113, 1908." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 119, 1923. 188 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM(no date), 1896, and February 23, 1899); one male and one female,Tenasserim (10 miles north of Victoria Point, January 5, 1900, andBok PAnn, February 13, 1900); and one male and one female, PackaHiver, Trengganu, September 25, 26, 1900. He gives the colors ofthe soft parts as follows: Bill red, tip black, gape yellow; feet red,claws black; iris dark brown.The range of this form extends from Burma and Siam east to Cam-bodia, Cochinchina, Annam, and Laos, and south through PeninsularSiam to Singapore, Java, Borneo, and the Philippines.In Siam it apparently is commoner in the southern districts than inthe north, as Dr. Smith secured no specimens there, though it is re-ported from that part of the country. All of Dr. Smith's and Dr.Abbott's specimens apparently belong to this form.Herbert's collector took a set of three eggs at Ajmthia, April 12,^^and another set of two eggs at the same place two weeks later.EURYSTOMUS ORIENTAUS CALONYX SharpeEurystomus calonyx Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890, p. 551 (Nepal).Typical specimens of this form can easily be distinguished from theresident Siamese race by having the primary coverts and outersecondaries azurite blue instead of black, with little or no blue; theSiamese form is darker above also.Eurystomus orientalis calonyx breeds in Korea, Manchuria, northChina, and middle China and migrates south in winter to the SundaIslands and the Malay States. Authentic specimens of this raceseem to have been taken but rarely in Siam, where, of course, it iaonly a winter visitor. Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Pak Koh in thenorth; Robinson and Kloss ^* have recorded it from Trang in Penin-sular Siam, and they ^^ record a male from Tung Pran, Tukuatung,western Siam, taken February 14. Chasen and Kloss ^^ give it forthe Raheng District, and one of their specimens from this collectionis now in the United States National Museum. Robinson andKloss ^^ have also recorded it from the Province of Puket, PeninsularSiam, and Ogilvie-Grant ^^ from Patani. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. vol. 6, p. 301, 1924.M Kungi. Svenslca Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 118, 1916.X Ibis, 1911, p. 32. ?? Journ. Nat. nist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 119, 1923."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, 1928, p. 165." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 95, 1919.4? Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3 (Birds), p. 110, 1905. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 189Family UPUPIDAE: HoopoesUPUPA EPOPS SATURATA LonnbergUpupa epops saturata Lonnberg, Ark. for Zool., vol. 5, no. 9, p. 29, 1909 (Kjachta,Mongolia) . Gyklenstolpe ^^ took a female at Koh Lak, December 11, 1914;Kloss ^? mentions that Williamson has two birds in his collection thatprobably belong to this form, one from Bangkok and the other fromsoutheastern Siam, and there is a specimen in the Federated MalayStates Museum from Taiping, Perak (date not given).The form ranges from the Yenesei eastward to Manchuria andnorthern China, south to Tibet, Yunnan, and Fohkien; on the approachof winter it migrates to southern China, Siam, Burma, Assam, andIndia.It is a lighter-colored bird than U. e. longirostris. The longercrest feathers usually have a white subterminal spot before the blacktip. It is somewhat larger. Either it is not a common winter visitorto Siam or it is overlooked.UPUPA EPOPS LONGIROSTRIS JerdonUpupa longirostris Jerdon, The birds of India, vol. 1, p. 393, 1862 (Burma).One female, Chieng Dao, January 28, 1932; one female, Muang Pai,December 27, 1932; one male, Mae Hong Sorn, January 7, 1933;one male, Udon, February 18, 1929; one male, Korat, March 28,1929; one male, Knong Phra, Pak Chong, April 15, 1929; two youngmales, Pak Chong, May 6, 1925; one female, Muang Kanburi, Septem-ber 11, 1928; one male, Kive Noi, Kanburi, September 20, 1929; onefemale, Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 26, 1929; one male, Pran, May26, 1928; three males and one female, Sam Roi Yot, November 8-9,1932; four males, Koh Lak, June 12-24, 1933.This form ranges from Assam and Burma to Siam and eastwardat Laos, Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia.In Siam proper it seems to be fairly well distributed over the wholecountry, but in Peninsular Siam it must be rather scarce. It reachesPatani on the east of the Peninsula and Perils on the west coast andhas been known to straggle as far as Klang, Selangor. Robinson *'records it from Koh Samui, Bandon; Robinson and Kloss ^ fromPulo Panjang and a couple of islands on the east side of the islandof Puket. De Schauensee *^ states that the form is rather commonon the plains of northern Siam, less so in the mountains. ?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 5fi, no. 2, p. lU, 1916." Ibis, 1918, p. 93. The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 290, 1927.? Ibis. 1920, p. 586.? Joura. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 162, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE IMALAY PENINSULA 193in February. Ogilvie-Grant ?? records it from Patani and S. Perak;Robinson ^^ from Lani^kawi, Tern tan, and Butang; de Schauensee *'from Khun Tan, Kengkoi, and Nakon Sritamarat. He also saw a?mall flock on Doi Sutep.HYDROCISSA MALAYANA (Raffles)Buceros malayavus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 292, 1822(Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, September 16-December 21, 1896; Trang, Janu-ary 22, 1899) and two females, Endau River, eastern coast of Johore,July 9, 1901. He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark red (male) ordark brown (female); bill ivory white, base black, naked angle ofjaw black; feet and claws black.Apparently there are no previous records for this species in Siam.The species ranges from Borneo and Sumatra to the Malay Statesand northward in Peninsular Siam to Trang.Two of the above specimens are immature. One is a male fromLay Song Hong, Trang, November 14, and the other is a femalefrom the Endau River, Johore, July 9. They differ from the adultonly in the development of the casque and the color of the bill andcasque, which is brownish black. Apparently it takes some time forthe casque to reach final development, as another female in whichthe bill and casque are ivory white has the latter not reaching thefull development of the adult female.RHYTICEROS UNDULATUS (Shaw)Buceros undulatus Shaw, General zoology, vol. 8, pt. 1, p. 2G, 1811 (Java)One immature male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, November 16,1924; one adult female, Koh Chang, January 13, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, March 3, 1896; Lay Song Hong, November 4-26, 1896);two males, Tenasserim (Tanjong Badak, January 6, 1900; TelokKrang, February 17, 1904); and two males. Chance Island, MerguiArchipelago, December 29, 30, 1899. He describes the soft partsas (male): Iris orange, brownish orange-red, red, or brick red; orbitalskin dull red, reddish purple, pale purplish red; bill dirty bluish white,base reddish brown; casque white, brownish posteriorly; groovesdark brown; gular pouch yellow with interrupted transverse bar ofblack; feet and claws black. The female is described as differingfrom the male by having the gular pouch blue with a dark transversebar which is interrupted in the middle. The weight of the two malesM Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 107, 1905." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 150, 1917." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 263, 1934. 194 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMfrom Trang is given as 4% and 5 pounds. The two males fromTenasserim weighed 5% and 6/4 pounds; the two males from ChanceIsland 5)4 and 5% pounds.The immature male collected by Dr. Smith has the bill smoothat the base, and the casque is just m the process of forming; otherv^dseit is like the adult and of about the same size. Even the dark gularbar has begun to form. There are several apparently adult speci-mens of this species in the United States National I^luseum thathave the corrugations at the base of the bill barely indicated, butthey have the interrupted black bar across the gular pouch. It isprobable that it takes several years for the bill and casque to reachfull development. Apparently the presence of the corrugations atthe base of the bill are not entirely diagnostic. This species isevidently much larger than subruficollis.R. undulatus ranges from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra to the MalayStates and northward to Siam, Burma, eastern Bengal, and Assamsouth of the Brahmaputra; east it extends to Cochinchina, Laos, andAnnam. In Siam it has been recorded from nearly the whole country,as well as from a number of islands off the coast such as Koh Kut,Terutau, Puket, and Pulo Lontar. Evidently it is the commonerof the two species of Rhyticeros occurring in Siam.RHYTICEROS SUBRUFICOLLIS (Blyth)Buceros subruficollis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 177, 1843(vicinity of Moulraein, Tenasserim).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and one female in Tenasserim(Telok Krang, February 14, 1904; Telok Besar, February 27, 1904);and two males on Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago, Januar}^ 24,30, 1904. He gives the soft parts as: Male?iris red or orange-red;orbital skin reddish purple; gular pouch yellow; bill dull ivory whitewith a bluish tinge, slightly tinged with brown about middle, becom-ing reddish brown at base, a narrow black line at base of lower man-dible; casque yellowish ivory, reddish brown at base, bottom ofgrooves black or dark brown; tarsi black in front, dull leaden behind,soles gray, and claws black. Female?iris dark orange-brown; throatdark blue, crossbar black; bill ivory white, brownish at base; casqueivory white, bottom of grooves dark brown. The weight of oneTelok Krang male is given as 5 pounds; the two males from DomelIsland as 4K and 4 pounds.The species ranges from Borneo and Sumatra to the Malay Statesand northward to Tenasserim, southern Burma, southwestern andnorthern Siam. There are no records of this hornbill from PeninsularSiam and there are apparently not many from the Malay States. BIRDS FllOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 195Gairdner ^^ records it from the Petchaburi District; Gyldenstolpe " reports it from the Meh Lem and states that it is commou in northernSiam. It differs from R. undulatus in being smaller and in having thebase of the bill without grooves. The two specimens from Tenasserimhave an incipient roughening of the base of the bill, similar to somespecimens of K. undulatus.CRANOBRONTES CORRUGATUS (Temminck)Buceros corrugatus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 90, pi. 531, 1832 (Pontianak, west Borneo).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male at Lay Song Hong, Trang,November 4, 1896 and one female on Pulo Rupat, Straits of Malacca,March 17, 1906. He gives the colors of the soft parts of the femaleas: Iris brownish gray; bill and casque yellow; brownish at base;gular pouch slaty blue; orbital skin pale smaltz blue; feet greenishleaden.The species ranges from Borneo to Sumatra and the Malay Penin-sula as far north as Trang.Little seems to be known of this species from the Malay States,and there are no previous records for it from Peninsular Siam.ACEROS NIPALENSIS (Hodgson)Buceros vipalensis Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 18, p. 178, 1829 (Nepal).Dr. Smith secured an immature male at Pang Meton (Doi Nangka),April 29, 1931, from a flock of seven or eight seen in high trees.De Schauensee^** took a pair on Doi Sutep, 5,500 feet, and on histhird expedition ^^ he took two additional males at the same place at4,600 feet. Lowe *^ records it from the Taok Plateau, Tenasserim,and from 28 miles southeast of Um Pang, Siam.The species occurs in the sub-Himalayas from Nepal through easternAssam and Burma to Laos and Tonkin and south to northern Tenas-serim and northern Siam.ANORRHINUS GALERITUS CARINATUS (BIyth)Buceros carinatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 187, 1845 (Ma-lacca); vol. 16, p. 996, 1847 (description).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males, one female, and one unsexedin Trang (Lay Song Hong, September 13-November 3, 1896; KaoSoi Dao, 1000 feet, January 31, 1899) and one unsexed at TelokBesar, Tenasserim, March 1, 1904. He gives the color of the softparts as: Iris dark red; bill, casque, and feet black; naked skin aboveM Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 150, 1915.M Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 56, 1913.??? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 573, 1930," Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 263, 1934.M Ibis, 1933, p. 480. 196 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMand below eye slaty blue and white behind eye; naked throat paleblue, white over angles of jaw.The female taken at Lay Song Hong is immature, but it is in adultplumage. Dr. Abbott records the color of this specimen as: Irisorange, a narrow yellow ring externally; bill white, black at base,casque yellowish; feet black; naked skin about eye slaty blue; gularpouch fleshy white, behind angles of jaw slaty blue.Dr. Abbott records the weight of two males as 2K and 2% pounds,and of the unsexed specimen from Tenasserim as 2}^ pounds.Robinson and Kloss " record it from Kao Ram, 1,200 feet, NakonSritamarat; Baker ^^ from Tung Song. Ogilvie-Grant ^^ and Baker ^^state that the sexes are alike, but apparently adult sexed females inthe United States National Museum from Sumatra and Borneo donot bear this out. The female is darker than the male and the billhorn color (in skin); the casque, the commissure at the base of theupper mandible, and the base of the lower mandible only are black,varying somewhat in individual specimens. In the adult male thebill is entirely black.The four males from Trang and one male from Tenasserim aredarker below than four males from Sumatra. The Tenasserim maleis darker below than the Trang series. Two males from Borneoresemble the Sumatran specimens. The mainland bird seems to besomewhat larger also. It seems to me it is well worthy of beingrecognized as a race.Four males from Trang measure: Wing, 360-370 (364.5); tail,295-330 (315); culmen with casque, 143.5-158 (150.6) mm. Onemale from Tenasserim: Wing, 370; tail, 330; culmen with casque,160 mm. Three males from Sumatra: Wing, 346-355 (350.7); tail,300-305 (301.7); culmen with casque, 152-159.5 (155.5) mm.The range would be the Malay States north through PeninsularSiam to southern Tenasserim. Anorrhinus galeritus galeritus (Tem-minck) should be confined to Sumatra and Borneo.BERENICORMS COMATUS (RaflBes)Buceros comatus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 399, 1822 (Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male at Lay Song Hong, Trang, September17, 1896.Robinson and Kloss " report this species from Kao Ram, 1,200 feet,and Kao Luang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat. De Schauensee "received an immature male from Nakon Sritamarat. " Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 59, 1923. ?8 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 435, 1919. ?? Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 17, p. 391, 1892, ?? The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 296, 1927. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 134, 1923." Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 264, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 197These are the only definite records I have seen for Siam. Thespecies ranges from southern Tenasserim through Peninsular Siamto the Malay States, Sumatra, and Borneo.RHINOPLAX VIGIL (Forster)Buceros vigil Forster, Indische Zoologie, p. 40, 1781 (Tenasserim).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and two females at Lay SongHong, Trang, September 16, 24, and November 21, 1896. He givesthe color of the soft parts as: Male?iris dark red; front of casque anddistal part of beak yellow, rest of casque and bill dark crimson; nakedskin of neck and back dull dark crimson; feet brownish red, clawshomy brown at tips, paler toward bases and becoming dull greenishhorny. Female?similar to the male, chin brown; tliroat pale blue,neck bluish white; tarsi brownish leaden behind, brick red in front;claws pale yellow-brown, tips brownish black. The weight of themale is given as 5K and that of the two females as 5^^ and 6K pounds.He notes the male as very thin.The species ranges from Borneo and Sumatra to the northern MalayStates and northward through Peninsular Siam to southern Tenas-serim. Robinson and Kloss '^^ state that it is fairly common in heavyjungle in the Malay States, but never very easy to obtain.Family CAPITONIDAE: BarbetsCALORAMPHUS FUUGINOSUS HAYI (Gray)Bucco hayi Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, p. 33 (Malacca).Three females, Sichol, Bandon, May 19, 1930; one female. Hoi Tah,Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 18, 1928; three females, WatKiriwong, Nakon Sritamarat, July 25, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected seven males, five females, and oneunsexed in Trang (Lay Song Hong, September 2-3, 1896; Chong, Jan-uary 23, 1897); and two males on the Rumpin River, Pahang, June10-11, 1902.Two of the females collected by Dr. Smith at Sichol have larger billsthan the rest of the series. They measure 23.5 and 24 mm, while inthe other females, from farther south, the culmen measures 20-22.5mm. There might be a larger race in the north, but for the presentI prefer to regard the larger bills of the two females as due to individualvariation.All Dr. Abbott's specimens sexed as males have black bills, whilethe females have brown bills, and his notes on colors of the soft partsconfirm this sexual difference.Two males and three females from Sumatra have somewhat morereddish throats than the mainland specimens, but the difference isM Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 6, p. 134, 1923. 198 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM slight. If it is found later that the Sumatra bird is worthy of recog-nition, then the name Caloramphus sanguinolentus Lesson ^* is availablefor it.The form ranges from Sumatra to the Malay States and northwardthrough Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim. The northern-most record is one from Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, reportedby Robinson and Kloss.^^In Borneo 0. f. Juliqinosus (Temminck) occurs. It is quite differ-ent from the mainland representative, having the throat and chest abright vinaceous-rufous instead of having the throat obscurely tingedwith reddish. MEGALAIMA VIRENS VIRENS (Boddaert)Bucco virens Boddaert, Table des planches enlumin^ez d'histoire naturelle, p. 53,1783 (China).Three males and eight females, Khun Tan, October 16-23, 1929,August 27-30, 1930, and February 13, 1932 (the altitude on thisspecimen is given as 4,500 feet); one male and one female, Khun TanMountains, 4,300 feet. May 17, 1933; one female. Pang Meton (DoiNangka), May 3, 1931; two males, Doi Hua Mot, August 13, 30, 1934.This series has been compared with six males and two females fromChina (Fukien and Szechwan), and if we allow for season there doesnot appear to be any appreciable difference between the two series.Some specimens have yellowish shaft streaks on the hindneck, butI believe this is an age character, as several of the birds collected byDr. Smith that have this feature ^re undoubtedly subadult; in oneit is a light greenish band around the nape rather than streaks; inanother immature there are yellowdsh-green streaks on the throat.Some specimens apparently fully adult retain these streaks on thehind neck, however.The five males from Siam measure: Wing, 137.5-146 (141.7); tail,90-98 (93.6); culmen, 39-43.5 (41) mm. Seven females from Siam:Wing, 132-146 (140.5); tail, 78-103 (90.6); culmen, 35-44 (41) mm.Six males from China (Fukien, 2; Szechwan, 4): Wing, 143-155 (147);tail, 91-108.5 (100.3); culmen, 39-43 (40.7) mm.This large barbet has a wide range, extending through southernChina from Fulvicn and Chekiang to southern Szechwan and Yunnanand south through Tonkin, northern Annam, and Laos, to northernand western Siam and central and eastern Burma.It has been taken in northern Siam by a number of collectors, butalways in the mountains at moderate elevations. Deignan ^* reportsthat it occurs commonly on Doi Sutep from 2,700 to 5,000 feet; laterM Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 139. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 159. 1923.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 158, 1931. BIEDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 199Mr. Aagaard ^^ secured one from the summit, 5,600 feet. Gairdner ^*took one in the Kaheng District, western Siam. Lowe ^^ reports itfrom 28 miles east of Um Pang.Two other forms of this species have been described:Megalaima virens marshallorum Swinhoe (northwestern Himalayas east-ward to Sikkini).Megalaima virens magnijica Stuart Baker (Assam to Manipur, Looshaiand Chin Hills, hill tracts of Tippera and Chittagong). Of this race Ihave seen no specimens.THEREICERYX UNEATUS INTERMEDIUS Stuart BakerThereiceryx lineains intermedius Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 39,p. 19, 1918 (Pahpoon, Burma).One male, Doi Angka, December 2, 1928; one immature male, DoiPhra Chao, August 2, 1934; one male. Nan, April 16, 1930; two malesand one female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 21-22, 1930; one female,Rumpawapi, March 20, 1929; one female, Mae Hong Sorn, January8, 1933; one female, Melang Valley, January 1, 1933; one female,Mesuya Valley, January 2, 1933; one female, Ta Fang, January 17,1933; one female, Lampang, November 15, 1928; two males, KnongPhra, February 25, 1924, April 13, 1929; two males and one female,Sakeo, near Krabin, May 7-9, 1928; two males. Pang Sok, August15-18, 1926; three males and one female, Pak Chong, February 19,1924, May 8, 1925, May 10, 1926, December 22, 1926; one male,Chantuk, June 17, 1934; five males, one female, and one unsexed,Nong Klior, near Sriracha, September 22-October 1, 1925, March19-20, 1926, November 8-10, 1926; one female, Nong Yang, October20, 1931; one male, Muang Kanburi, April 12, 1928; one male, SaiYok, Kanburi, September 23, 1929; one male and one female, BoPloi, Kanburi, September 7-8, 1928; one male, Nongkai, February 18,1929; four males and one female, Pran, May 27, June 3, 1928, andApril 2, 1931.Dr. Smith gives the colors of the soft parts as follows: Bare skinaround the eye bright yellow; bill reddish horn; legs deep yellow;iris brown.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and two females in Trang(Prahmon, March 22 and April 6, 1896; Tyching, May 29, 1896);two fem.ales, at Tanjong Dungun, Trengganu, September 20, 1900.He describes the soft parts as: Male?iris brown; orbital skin yellow;bill pale fleshj^ brownish; feet dull horn yellow, claws brownish black.One female has the iris in two circles, inner brownish red, outer palebrown. ?' Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 235, 1932.?8 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 109, 1928.e? Ibis, 1933, p. 476. 200 BULLETIN" 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThere seems to be no constant difference in color in specimensfrom northern Siam and Peninsular Siam and very little difference insize. There is a gradual diminution in size from north to south, butthe difference is not great enough to recognize by name, and for thisreason I place under one name all the specimens of this species fromSiam.Five males from northern Siam (4) and eastern Burma (1) measure:Wing, 126.5-132 (128.4); tail, 74-84 (80.6) ; culmen, 29-33 (31.4) mm.Ten males from eastern and southeastern Siam: Wing, 120-133(125.9); tail, 73-84 (78.6); culmen, 29-32 (30.5) mm. Eight malesfrom southwestern Siam (5) and Peninsular Siam (3): Wing, 121-128.5(124.7); tail, 72-81 (75.4); culmen, 28-32 (30.6) mm.The range of the form is quite an extensive one, being found fromcentral and southern Burma southward throughout Siam proper andthrough Peninsular Siam to the Malay State of Trengganu ; eastwardit extends to Laos, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia.The form is not apparently uncommon all over Siam, from the north,south throughout Peninsular Siam. Robinson and Kloss ^? say thatit does not occur in the Federated Malay States.There is considerable variation in the above series, from a spec-imen with the head, throat, and chest cartridge buff, obsoletelystreaked with drab, to others in which the head above is almostfuscous, with the light streaking almost reduced to shaft streaks andthe streaks on the chest equally dark. These variations seem to bepurely individual or to be due to age. There is one young bird col-lected by Dr. Abbott that still retains the heel pad tubercles and thatin size and plumage I cannot distinguish from the adult, so this featuremust be retained for some time after the bird leaves the nest and theiruse is no longer needed. Dr. Smith took a male in similar condition.There are several other specimens in like condition in the collectionof the United States National Museum, and it is the only way todistinguish the young after they become full grown or nearly so. Thewings of these specimens measure somewhat smaller than the average.Count Gyldenstolpe '' has given a figure of the heel pad of this form.There are two other form.s of this barbet recognized by StuartBaker," namely, Thereiceryx lineatus lineatus (Vieillot), from Javaand Bali, and Thereiceryx lineatus hodgsoni (Bonaparte), from theHimalayas of India. The latter differs from T. I. intermedius in beinglarger. I have seen no specimens of it. Specimens from northernSiam have been assigned to hodgsoni, but I believe incorrectly so. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 165, 1923." Ark. for Zool., vol. 11, no. 12, p. 5, 1917." Ibis, 1919, p. 214. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 201THEREICERYX FAIOSTMCTUS FAIOSTRICTUS (Temminck)Bucco faiostrictus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux, livr.88, pi. 527, May 1831 (Cochinchina).Five males and four females, Khun Tan, October 17-23, 1929,August 28-September 10, 1930; one male, Doi Phra Chao, August 1,1934; one female, Aranya, July 20, 1930; three females, Hin Lap,October 1-3, 1932; four males and two females, Pak Chong, February17 and May 14, 1925, April 24, 1926, November 30, 1929, June 22-26,1934; nine males and six females, Sikeu, near Korat, February 14-15,1926; one male and one female, Lamton Lang, May 26, June 2, 1934;three males and one female, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 4-5, 1928;three males and one female, Nong Yang, November 6-9, 1931; onemale, Huey Yang, Sriracha, August 1, 1932; two females. Ban Sadet,Sriracha, May 29, 1925; one male Nong Khor, near Sriracha, February6, 1927; one male Kao Seming, Krat, October 9, 1928; one male, LemSing, Chantabun, March 16, 1930; two females Kao Sabap, October24-28, 1933.This large series is fairly uniform. Some specimens have a bluishtinge to the lower parts, while in a few specimens they are moretinged with yellow, especially on the chest, than in the clear vanderpoelgreen of the chest and abdomen of the majority of the series. Thebright tufts on each side of the jugulum are sometimes orange andsometimes deepen to scarlet with a yellow fringe; sometimes thebright tufts are lacking altogether, in which case the examination ofthe heel pad usually indicates such specimens are birds of the year.A specimen in the United States National Museum (no. 278323)from Daban, southern Annam, has the pileum a lighter brown and thehuffy streaks are broader than in any specimen in the series fromSiam or in four specimens from Cochinchina before me. There arealso some other slight differences that need not be mentioned at thistime. A recognizable race may occur in this part of its range.The form occurs from northern Siam to southwestern Siam andeastward to Cambodia, Laos, Cocliinchina, and Annam. In Siam itoccurs nearly all over the country and as far to the westward as HatSanuk, southwestern Siam, whence it has been recorded by Robinsonand Kloss." It does not occur in Peninsular Siam, and the aboverecord is also the most southern in this direction.The present form is easily distinguished from Thereiceryx lineatusintermedins by the yellowish-green auriculars and the bright orangeor scarlet jugular tufts of the former and numerous other differencesbut the above are sufficient. T. /. praetermissus Kloss is confined toSouthern China and Tonkin. This form I have not had the pleasureof examining. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 166, 1923. 202 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCHOTOREA MYSTACOPHANES MYSTACOPHANES (Temminck)Ducco mystacophanes Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 53, pi. 315, Dec. 1824 (Sumatra).Cyanops myslacophanes aurantiifrons Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist.See. Siam, vol. 3, p. 100, 1919 (Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siain).Three males, Sichol, Bandon, May 16-19, 1930; one male, BanKiriwon<]j, Nakon Sritamarat, July 10, 1928; two females, Kao Luang,Nakon Sritamarat, July 16-23, 1928 ; two males, Wat Kiriwong, NakonSritamarat, July 25, 1928; one male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 25,1931; one male Kao Cliong, Trang, September 8, 1933.Dr. W. L, Abbott took three males and five females in Trang(Kao Nok Ram, 1,000 feet, January 4, 1899; Lay Song Hong, Sep-tember 2-November 22, 1896); two females in Trengganu (DimgunRiver, September 24, and Tanjong Laboha, September 29, 1900);two males in Pahang (Rumpin River, May 25, and July 12, 1902);and two males in Tenasserim (Bok Pyin, February 15, 1900, andTelok Besar, March 18, 1904). He describes the soft parts as: Irisbrown; bill black (male), black with the base of the lower mandiblepale fleshy or pale gray (female) ; feet greenish leaden or olive.Robinson and Kloss "* state that the characters upon which theyfounded their C. m. aurantiifrons are not stable and cannot be main-tained.There is a sexual difference in this species. The female differs fromthe male in having the throat light green with light yellow shaftstreaks instead of scarlet-red; the forehead is a much lighter yellowseparated from the red occipital spot by a narrow green band; bluishgreen above the eye instead of black; malar spot bluish green insteadof bright yellow; the blue suborbital and jugular spots much re-duced and lighter in color; the red frontal apex spot is present butfaint. This is quite different from Robinson and Kloss's " remarksupon this sex. The above is probably a fully adult female, but thereare six other females in the series that have a yellow frontal band anddiffer from the one described only in having a broader green bandseparating the yellow frontal band from the red occipital spot. Thereis only one female in the series without a yellow frontal band, and inthis specimen it is bluish green. All the females have a smaU red spotat the frontal apex. Two specimens marked as females have a fewred feathers appearing on the tliroat and the red spots on each sideof the chest are more pronounced than in the other females (nos.160232 and 160234, Lay Song Hong, Trang, October 30 and November6) ; they may be wrongly sexed or very old birds. Several immaturemales in the series show that the adult plumage is acquired early.The yellow frontal band is acquired early and even in the youngest is '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. fi, p. 161, 1923. ?? Ibid., p. 162. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 203broader and deeper in coJor than in the two females mentioned. Soit may well be very old females have the tliroats slightly tinged withscarlet or a few feathers of this color mixed in.The form ranges from the southern half of Tenasserim southtlu'ough Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, and Sumatra. Thebird occurring on the Batu Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra,has been separated as Chotorea mystacophanes arnpala; and that fromBorneo as C. m. humei.CHOTOREA CHRYSOPOGON LAETUS Robinson and KlossChotorhea chrysopogon laeius Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated MalayStates Mus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 141, 1918 (Bukit Tangga, Negri Sembilan).One male, Yala, Patani, January 31, 1931; one female, Kao Luang,3,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat, July 10, 1928; one male. Ban HoiTah (Nok Koh Chang), Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 10,1928; one male, Sichol, Bandon, May 19, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott took one male and two females. Lay Song Hong,Trang, September 29, November 5 and 22, 1896; one unsexed, KaoSoi Dao, 1,000 feet, Trang, February 14, 1899, and one female. Rum-pin River, Pahang, May 28, 1902. He describes the soft parts as:Iris reddish brown; bill black, base of lower mandible leaden; feetpale green, claws dark horn brown or leaden, tips black.The above series illustrates the range of this form fairly well. Itextends from the southern Federated Malay States north to the prov-ince of Bandon in Peninsular Siam.Chotorea chrysopogon chrysopogon of Sumatra has lighter yellowmalar patches and C. c. chrysopsis of Borneo is somewhat smaller,with bright-yellow tips to the feathers of the forehead and the blue ofthe jugulum extending farther forward, and it is a somewhat brightergreen. CHOTOREA RAFFLESn MALAYENSIS ChasenChotorhea rafflesii malayensis Chasen, Orn. Monatsb., vol. 43, p. 147, 1935 (UbinIsland, near Singapore).Six males and two females, Bangnara, Patani, May 23, 1924, July4-15, 1926; one male and one female, Tha Lo, Bandon, September23 and 24, 1931; three males and three females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang,January 4-23, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, April 3, and Lay Song Hong, September 2, 3 and Novem-ber 23, 1896); one male, Bok Pyin, Tenasserim, February 14, 1900;and two males at the Rumpin River, Pahang, May 28 and June 22,1902. He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black;feet leaden, claws black. 204 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis considerable series from the Malay Peninsula differs fromSumatran birds only in having a somewhat lighter blue superciliaryand throat and smaller bill. It is not a well-marked race, however.Six males from Sumatra (2), Banka (3), and Billiton (1) measure:Wing, 116-125 (120.2); tail, 63.5-73 (66.3); culmen, 37^0.5 (38.8)mm. Ten males from the Malay Peninsula: Wing, 115-125 (120.6);tail, 61.5-70 (66); culmen, 35-38.5 (36.6) mm.Chotorea rafflesii malayensis ranges from Singapore north throughPeninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim. The farthest north in Pen-insular Siam at which it has been taken is supposed to be oppositethe island of Puket, but August Muller ^^ gives simply the Peninsulaof Malacca. Dr. Abbott's specimen from Tenasserim is evidentlythe northernmost record to date.In Borneo a closely related form, Chotorea rafflesii borneensis, witha still lighter blue throat and superciliary, occurs. C. r. rafflesii is con-fined to Sumatra and Banka.CYANOPS ASIATICA DAVISONI (Hume)Magalaima davisoni Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 5, p. 108, 1877 (Meetan, southernTenasserim) . Five males and three females, Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000-4,300feet, November 21, 1928, May 9-16, 1933; three males and six females,Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, October 17, 1929, August 27-29, 1930, February15-March 3, 1932; two males and two females, Doi Hua Mot, August19-29, 1934.In the majority of the above series the band across the vertex isblue; in two males and three females, which I regard as interme-diates, it is black with a strong blue tinge. The records of C. a.asiatica from northern Siam are open to question, it seems to me.De Schauensee " records davisoni from Chiengrai and Chieng Sen,and on his third expedition ^^ he collected additional specimens atChiengdao and at Khun Tan. The northern birds are regarded asintermediate between this and the nominate form; Deignan'^ recordsit from Doi Sutep, 2,500-4,000 feet; Chasen and Kloss ^? from theRaheng District of western Siam.The form extends from Peninsular Burma through western andnorthern Siam to Laos, Tonkin, and northern Annam. " Die Ornis Salanga, p. 74, 1882. "Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 509, 1930. '? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 255, 1934. "Joiirn. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 158, 1931.MJourn. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 169, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 205CYANOPS FRANKUNI RAMSAII (Walden)Megalaetna rarnsayi Walden, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 15, p. 400, 1875(Karennee Hills, Burma).Three females, Doi Angka, 7,000-8,000 feet, December 2 and 6^1928; one female, Doi Sutep, 5,600 feet, December 15, 1928; twomales and three females, Doi Nangka, November 2-10, 1930; April24-25, 1931 ; three males and three females. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka),April 30-May 4, 1931; six males, tliree females, and one unsexed,Doi Hua Mot, August 12-September 2, 1934.This considerable series is fairly uniform. The sexes are alike incolor and size.Six males measure: Wing, 99-102 (100.3); tail, 59-62 (60.2);culmen, 22-26 (23.7) mm. Nine females: Wing, 97-105.5 (99.5);tail, 55-63 (58.9); culmen, 23.5-27 (25) mm.The form ranges from the southern Shan States and Burma toMuleyit, Tenasserim, and northern and western Siam.Gyldenstolpe *^ first reported this form from northern Siam fromDoi Par Sakeng; Gairdner ^^ took it in the Raheng District, westernSiam, and it has been taken on Doi Sutep by a number of collectorsbeside Dr. Smith.It is evidently a common mountain bird in northern Siam. DeSchaunensee ^^ states that on Doi Sutep it occasionally is found as lowas 2,500 feet but abundant above 4,500 feet.CYANOPS FRANKUNI TRANGENSIS RileyCyanops franklini trangensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, p. 116,1934 (Kao Nom Plu, 3,000 feet, Trang, Peninsular Siam).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and three females in themountains of Trang (Kao Nom Plu, 3,000 feet, February 22-24,1897; Kao Soi Dao, 2,500 feet, February 12, 1899). He describesthe soft parts as: Iris dark brown or dark red; bill black, leaden atbase beneath; feet greenish leaden or pale green.This form is similar to rarnsayi of northern Siam but has a largerheavier bill; the crown spot and throat are a more golden yellow;the supra-auriculars, auriculars, sides of neck, and jugulum darkerand duskier; above and below a darker green.The two males and three females measure: Wing, 98-101 (99);tail, 55-61 (59); culmen, 26-28 (27) mm.The form so far as loiown is confined to the mountains of Trang.It may extend to the mountains of Nakon Sritamarat and Bandon. 81 Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 99, 1916." Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 169, 1928.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 256, 1934.33527?38 14 206 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCYANOPS HENRICI HENRICI (Tenuninck)Bucco henrici Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 88, pi. 524, May 1931 (Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a single male at Lay Song Hong, Trang,December 17, 1896. He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown;bill black; feet pale green. This form has not been recorded fromPeninsular Siam before.Robinson ^* says that this barbet is a low-coimtry bird, occurringfrom Penang south to Johore. It also inhabits Sumatra.The single female examined by me from Sumatra is larger thanthe male irom Trang; the blue crown spot is smaller and less bright;the yellow forehead duller. It measures: Wing, 97; tail, 53; culmen;28 mm. The single male from Trang measures: Wing, 94.5; tail,51.5, culmen, 26 mm.Five old unsexed specimens from Malacca have the culmen equallysmall or somewhat smaller. If further specimens from Sumatrashould show that these differences are constant, then the mainlandform is worthy of recognition as a distinct form, for which the nameBucco rubritorquis Peale ^^ would be available.A smaller form of the species is found in Borneo.CYANOPS INCOGNITA (Hume)Megalaima incognita Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, p. 442, 1874 (25 miles northof Yea and Karope, Tenasserim).One male, Kao Kuap, Krat, December 27, 1929; two females,Kao Lem, Chantabun, December 27 and 29, 1930; one female, KaoSabap, November 2, 1933.A female in the United States National Museum from the upperTavoy River, Burma, has a bluer throat, more bluish edgings to thefeathers of the forehead, and darker and more pronounced malarand postocular stripes; it also is slightly smaller. Wing, 96; culmen,23 mm.The two females from Kao Lem measure: Wing, 101-103; culmen,24.5-25.5 mm. The male from Kao Kuap: Wing, 108.5; culmen,25 mm. The female from Kao Sabap: Wing, 97; culmen, 24 mm.De Schauensee ^^ took a male at Chantabun, southeastern Siam,April 2, 1933.The species ranges from Tenasserim and the northern part ofPeninsular Siam to southeastern Siam, Laos, Tonkin, Annam, andCambodia. It can readily be distinguished frojn the Cyanops asiaticagroup of forms, with which it has sometimes been confused, b}'- having ** The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 92, 1928.ss U. S. Exploring Expedition, vol. 8, p. 133, 1848.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. S6, pp. 4, 255, 1934. BIRDS FROIVr SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 207the crown green, the red occipital spot and red forehead much reducedin area, a black rictal stripe, and a narrow ring of yellow feathersaround the eye. It can be distinguished from the Cyanops oortiforms by the green instead of yellow crown; bluish instead of yellowthroat; and a number of other characters.MEZOBUCCO DUVAUCELD CYANOTIS (Blyth)Bucco cyanotis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 465, 1847 (Arracan).Eight males and five females, Khun Tan, August 29-September 10,1930; one male, Doi Nangka, November 17, 1930.Seven males from northern Siam measure: Wing, 81.5-85 (83.5);tail, 44.5-49 (46.7); cuhnen, 17.5-19 (18) mm. Four females fromnorthern Siam: Wing, 80-82.5 (80.9); tail, 43-47 (44.9); culmen, 18-18.5 (18.4) mm.The form ranges from Silvkim to Assam and south through Burmato northern Tenasserim and northern Siam and eastward to Laosand Tonkin.Count Gyldenstolpe ^^ recorded it between Bang Hue Hom andKao Pl3mg, northern Siam; de Schauensee^* from Doi Sutep, 3,000feet, and Chengmai. Deignan ^^ says that it is rare on Doi Sutepbetween 3,000 and 5,500 feet. Previously to Dr. Smith's takingthe form at Khun Tan, Count Gyldenstolpe had collected it at thesame locality. MEZOBUCCO DUVAUCELU ORIENTALIS RobinsonMesohucco duvaugli [sic] orientalis Robinson, Ibis, 1915, p. 738 (Ok Yam, Franco-Siamese Boundary).One female, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 5, 1928; one female, KlongYai, Sriracha, July 24, 1932.These two specimens, along with a female from Ok Yam, the typelocaUty, and a male from Koh Chang, have larger bills and the redrictal patch has broader yellow tips to the feathers than M. d. cyanotis.De Schauensee,?" with a larger series available for study (from BuaYai, Kon Ken, and Chantabun), has called attention to other differ-ences, namely: The ear coverts are tinged with green and there isa red band below the blue of the throat. In the series of northernbirds examined by me this band is sometimes present, however. Thereappears to be Uttle difference in color or size between the sexes.One male from Koh Chang and three females from southeasternSiam measure: Wing, 80-84.5 (82.4); tail, 41-46 (44.2); culmen,20-21.5 (20.9) mm. ?' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p 61, 1913." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 570, 1930. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 159, 1831.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 256, 1934. 208 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMStuart Baker ?^ records it from Hupbon in southeastern andHinlap in eastern Siam; Robinson ^^ from Koh Chang and Ok Yam.The range of the form so far as known is eastern and southeasternSiam. It probably extends also into southern Indo-China.MEZOBUCCO DUVAUCELII STUARTI Robinson and KlossMesobucco duvauceli shiarii Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. See. Siam,vol. 3, p. 100, 1919 (Klong Tung Sal, Junk-seylon, Peninsular Siam).One adult male, three immature males, two adult females, andone immature female, Bangnara, Patani, June 5, 1924, July 8-21,1926; two adult males and one inmiature male, Ban Kii'iwong, NakonSritamarat, July 10-11, 1928; one female, Wat Kiriwong, NakonSritamarat, July 25, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males, eight females, and oneunsexed specimen in Trang (Lay Song Hong, August 18-December 17,1896; near Kao Nok Ram, December 29, 1898 and January 3-5, 1899;Kao Soi Dao, 1,500 feet, February 17, 1899). He gives the softparts as: Iris dark brown; bill black (male), black, leaden beneathat base (female); feet duU pale green or olive, claws bro'WTiish black.This series differs from M. d. cyanotis of northern Siam in havingthe wing and tail somewhat shorter, the red patches on sides ofhead brighter with Uttle or no yellow mixture in the suborbital spot,and the black bases of the feathers of the jugular region showingmore plainly and forming a more or less well-defined spot.The Patani specimens are nearer those of Trang than the Sumatranrace, M. duvaucelii duvaucelii; in the latter the ear coverts are black,the blue of the vertex is deeper and extends farther back, and thered markings on the side of head are brighter. M. d. stuarti hasblue ear coverts with a greenLsli tmge. The Patani birds are, how-ever, brighter than Trang specimens. The Bomean race, M. d.bomeensis Parrot, also has black ear coverts, lilce that of Sumatra;it appears to be slightly larger. Robinson and Kloss ?^ think thebird from the Malayan States of the Malay Peninsula belong to theBomean form. I have not examined any specimens south of Patani,except four poor specimens from Malacca, which do not appear tohave the ear coverts black. If the Malayan bii-d should prove tobe separable from that of Borneo, then S. Baker's name Cyanopsduvaceli rohinsoni,^^ type from Klang, Selangor, would be availablefor it. Possibly tliis race may reach western Patani.The range of M. d. stuarti extends from southern Tenasserimthrough Peninsular Siam south to Patani. The farthest north in ?I Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol 3, p. 430, 1919. ?? Ibis, 1915, p. 738. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 167, 1923? Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 39, p. 20, 1918. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 209Siam at which it has been recorded, so far as loiowTi to me, is Robinsonand Kloss's ^^ record from TapU, Pakchan Estuary, Penmsular Siam;Robinson^ records it from Bandon; Robinson and Kloss "^ fromKao Luang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat.Eight males measure: Wing, 74.5-81 (78); tail, 40-43 (41); culmen,16.5-19 (17.8 mm). Six females: Wing, 75-79 (77); tail, 38-42 (39.6);culmen, 16.5-18 (17.6) mm.The immature birds in the above series are of nearly the samesize as the adult. All are clear green, without any markings. In one(marked male) a few blue feathers are beginning to appear on thethroat, and the black jugular spot is clearly indicated. A single redfeather is appearing on the right side above the ear coverts, and thereare two or three blue feathers appearing in the crown.Chasen ^^ uses Horsfield's name Bucco australis ^^ for this formgroup. The name belongs to some species of Xantholaema, however.XANTHOLAEMA HAEMACEPHALA INDICA (Latham)Bucco indicus Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 205, 1790 (India).One male, Melang Valley, December 31, 1932; one female, MaeHong Sorn, January 3, 1933; one male, Rayasothon, March 23, 1929;one immature female. Nan, April 15, 1930; four males and one female,Bangkok, October 30, 1923, May 19, 1928, September 22, 1930, April30 and May 4, 1934; two males, Elnong Phra, April 16, 1929; one male,Tha Chang, March 14, 1927; three females and one unsexed, PakChong, May 9, 14, 1925, December 20, 1926; four females. PangSok, August 12, 1926; one male, Lat Bua Kao, August 3, 1929; twofemales, Chantabun, May 26, 1929; one male, Rajaguri, April 10,1926; one female, Bangnara, Patani, June 3, 1924; one male, Yala,Patani, February 1, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two adult males, one immature male,and one female in Trang (Prahmon, April 6, 1896; Tyching, April22, 23, 1896); one female, Champang, Tenasserim, December 13, 1903.He gives the soft parts as: Iris brown; orbital skin brick red; billblack (male), black with the base fleshy white (female); feet red,claws black.This form has a wide range, extending from eastern Bengal, Sikkim,Nepal, Burma, Yunnan, Laos, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodiato Siam and south through Peninsular Siam to the northern MalayStates. In Siam it seems to be generally distributed from the norththroughout the country. Herbert ^ has found it breeding near Bangkokand states that eggs may be found from February to AprU. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 166, 1923.w Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 94, 1915.?' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 60. 1923. ?' Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, p. 137, 1935.M Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13. p. 181 (not 101), 1821 ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6. p. 299, 1924. 210 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe immature female taken by Dr. Smith at Nan, April 15, isabout half grown. Above it is serpentine green, the wings and tailbrighter, without the red forehead of the adult; the black crownband is barely indicated by darker centers to the feathers of theregion, making it somewhat duskier than the rest of the head; thesupraorbital and auricular yellow spots have appeared; the black ofthe sides of the head of the adult is replaced by dusky; the throat islight green-yellow; the jugulum grayish olive with a greenish wash;remaining underparts reed yellow, the sides and flanks streaked withyellowish olive. A slightly older bird collected by Dr. Smith at PakChong, May 14, has a few red feathers appearing on the jugulum; thethroat is coming in a deeper yellow, and the chest and abdomen arebecoming paler. A young male collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott atPrahmon, Trang, April 6, is of about the same age as Dr. Smith'sNan female; the former is quite different above, being light bicegreen and paler yellow below.A number of forms are recognized, including the following:Xantholaema haemacephala delica (Parrot) (Sumatra).Xantholaema haemacephala haemacephala (Mtiller) (Philippine Islands).Xantholaema haemacephala lutea (Lesson) (Ceylon and India generally towestern Bengal).Family PICIDAE: Woodpeckers, PiculetsPICUS VITTATUS EISENHOFERI GyldenstolpePicus vitiatus eisenhoferi Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb., 1916, p. 28 (Pa Hing,northern Siam).One male. Nan, April 13, 1930; one female, Aranya, April 13, 1930;one female. Bung Borapct, June 21, 1932; one male and two females,Bangkok, November 16, 1923, March 12, 1924, January 1, 1926;four males and three females, Pak Chong, May 5, 11, 1925, November16, 24, 1929, June 22, 26, 1934; two males. Lam I^ong Lang, nearPak Chong, June 7, 15, 1925; one female, Muek Lek, April 19, 1933;three males and one female, Lat Bua Kao, July 29-August 9, 1929;one female, Pang Sok, August 19, 1926; one male, Sikeu, near Korat,February 17, 1926; one male and one female, Tha Chang, March 20,1927; two males and one female, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 5-31,1928; one male and four females, Lamton Lang, May 25-June 1, 1925;two females, Hupbon, October 26 and November 5, 1931; three malesand four females, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 25, 26, 1925,March 21, 23, 1926, February 12, 1927; one male and one female,Klong Yai, Sriracha, July 23, 28, 1932; one female, Huey Yang,Sriracha, August 4, 1932; one male, Ban Tarn Dam, Sriracha, March4, 1930; one female. Ban Sadet, near Sriracha, May 26, 1925; one maleand two females, Nong Yang, east of Sriracha, October 20-November BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 21113, 1931; two males, Kao Sabap, November 3, 16, 1933; one male,Kao Seming, Krat, October 17, 1928; one male, Krat, December 20,1929; one female, Muang, Kanburi, April 11, 1928; one male, KweNoi, Kanburi, September 21, 1929; two males and one female, SamRoi Yot, November 7, 8, 1932. Dr. Smith also took a male at Vientiane,Laos, February 21, 1929.This series shows a good deal of seasonal variation. In the unfadedfall specimens the jugulum and foreneck are pyrite yellow, the chinUght drab, the streaks on the breast and belly olive-green, the mantlewarbler green. By the breeding season the mantle becomes moreyellowish, the jugulum and foreneck lose the greenish tinge, and thestreaks on the breast and belly tend to become less green and morebrownish.A young female from Lat Bua Kao, July 29, resembles the adult,but the throat and jugulum are drab, the streaks on the breast andbelly fuscous, and the back is a darker, less yellowish green. Anotherimmature female has the streaks on the breast and belly more lightlyindicated than the Lat Bua Kao specimen and brownish, and thejugulum has a yellowish tinge; it is slightly older and was taken atHuey Yang, Sriracha, August 4. Three younger females from PakChong and Lamton Lang, May 27 and June 26, in fresh unworn plum-age have the chest mignonette green, the throat drab. The immaturemale acquires an almost adult plumage before the streaks below arereplaced by olive-green streaked feathers; the pileum is a lighter redand the mantle a darker green, however.One adult female (no. 306909) has some red-tipped feathers on thenape.Some specimens have irregular bufly bars on the middle tail feathersand shadow bars on the outer tail feathers, but on others these areabsent. The bars on the middle tail feathers show on the upper side,but on the outer tail feathers they show only on the under side.The range of this form is from extreme eastern Burma and thesouthern Shan States to Siam proper, Laos, southern Annam, Cochin-china, and Cambodia.Dr. Smith's collection covers the Siamese range of eisenhoferi fairlywell, except the north. De Schauensee ^ states that it is not commonin northern Siam. In eastern, central, southeastern, and southwest-ern Siam it is apparently not uncommon. In southwestern Siam ithas been taken as far south as Hua Hin and Nong Kae ^ and the local-ity Sam Roi Yot (Pran River), where Dr. Smith collected specimens,is not far off. Apparently it has not been taken in Peninsular Siam.Herbert * states that it breeds near Bangkok in February. > Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 248, 1934.> Williairson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 319, 1917. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 298, 1924. 212 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPICUS VITTATUS CONNECTENS (Robinson and KIoss)Gecinus vitialus conneciens Robinson and Kloss, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. vol. 40,p. 13, 1919 (Langkawi Island).This race was founded upon specimens taken upon Langkawi andDayang Bunting, Langkawi Islands.There is a female in the United States National Museum fromGreat Karimon Island collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott, May 28, 1903,that agrees with the description of this form. It is more of a grass-green above, with scarcely any yellow wash on the rump when com-pared with the same sex of Picus vittatus eisenhoferi; below it is morebuffy on the throat and jugulum, and the chest and belly are lessheavily streaked with a more brownish olive-green. The wingmeasures 133.5 mm.This form very Ukely occurs on some of the Siamese islands such asTerutau. Picus vittatus vittatus Vieillot, a smaller and more richlycolored form, is found in Java, the Malay States, and (?) Sumatra.PICUS VIRIDANUS (BIyth)Picus viridanus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 1000, 1843 (Arrakan).Gecinus weberi Muller, Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, p. 69, 1882 (Salanga).Picus viridanus mcridianus Kloss, Ibis, 1926, p. 689 (Lanira, Trang, PeninsularSiam) . One female, Sichol, Bandon, May 15, 1930; one male, Tha Lo,Bandon, September 18, 1931; one male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, Jan-uary 4, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: one male and fourfemales, Trang (Prahmon, February 27, March 13, and April 16, 1896;Trang, January 25 and March 3, 1899); and two males in Tenasserim(Tanjong Badak, January 12, 1900; Bok Pyin, February 17, 1900).He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark reddish brown or dark red; billdull horny black, base of lower mandible yellowish green or yellow;feet dull greenish, pale green, or olive green.No Burma specimens have been available, except the two fromTenasserim collected by Dr. Abbott. All the above series seem tobelong to one form.Four males from Koh Lak, southwestern Siam, south to Trang,measure: Wmg 132-143 (137); tail, 94-100 (96.5); cuhnen, 34-36.5(35.3) mm. Two males from Tenasserim: Wing, 135.5-138; tail,96.5-101.5; culmcn, 34-36 mm. Six females from Koh Lak south toTrang: Wing, 128-136 (131.6); tail, 89-100 (95.7); culmen, 31-33(32.2) mm.If the Peninsular bird should eventually be deemed worthy of recog-nition, Miiller's name weberi would be applicable.One of the males from Trang has a wing measuring 143 mm, whichis greater than KIoss's limit for the race, but the other Trang male hasnot. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 213The species ranges from Burma, except the extreme northwesternpart, south to Tenasserim, western, southwestern, and PeninsularSiam as far as Patani. Lowe ^ reports it from 28 mOes east of UmPang, Siam, which is about as far north as I have seen any records.It is evidently common or fairly so in Peninsular Siam, where it hasbeen taken as far south as Patani.^The species can be easily distinguished from Picus vittatus by thestreaked foreneck and chest and from Picus myrmecophoneus by thelarger size, darker coloration below, and blackish upper mandible.PICUS MYRMECOPHONEUS MYRMECOPHONEUS StresemannPicus myrmecophoneus Stresemann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern, vol. 14, p. 289, 1920(new name for Picus striolatus Blyth, 1844; Himalayas).Picus xanthopygius Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 32, p. 8, 1919(not of Bonaparte, 1850).One male. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 8, 1928.This woodpecker is easily distinguished from Picus vittatus formsby having the foreneck and chest streaked and from P. viridanus by itsmuch lighter underparts and the different pattern of the feathers ofthese parts. In viridanus the feathers of the breast have the shaftswliitish, then a broad band of fuscous, then a narrow subterminalband of pale yellow. In P. m. myrmecophoneus the feathers of thebreast have the shafts blackish, then a broad band of light yellow, anda subterminal band of blackish, P. m. myrmecophoneus is muchsmaller than P. viridanus or P. vittatus eisenhoferi.The specimen collected by Dr. Smith is subadult but differs fromthe adult only in minor details. The red of the head is confined to theforehead, with only a few scattering red feathers in the crown andnape and the upper mandible is black instead of horny brown.The range of this form extends from Ceylon and Peninsular Indiato the Himalayas, eastern Assam, Cliin Hills, Burma, Siam, Cochin-china, and Cambodia. This seems to be more or less of a rare wood-pecker in Siam. Gyldenstolpe ^ records it from northern Siam ; Chasenand Kloss * as Picus viridanus, later corrected to Picus myrmecopho-neus,'^ from the Raheng District. Kloss ^? took an adult male at KohLak, the most southern specimen known to me. It was later acquiredby the United States National Museum. De Schauensee " took amale at Tamuang recorded as Picus xanthopygius.A larger race, Picus myrmecophoneus dehrae Baker, inliabits Kumaon,Garhwal, Nepal, and upper Pegu. ? Ibis, 1933, p. 473.? Ogilvie-Orant, Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 101, 1905. ' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 229, 1915. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 170, 1928.e Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 235, 1932. "> Ibis, 1918, p. 104.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 247, 1934. 214 BULLETIlSr 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPICUS CANUS HESSEI GyldenstolpePicus canus hessei Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb., 1916, p. 28 (Pak Koh, northernSiam) . Gecinus canus microrhynchus Robtnson and Kloss, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 40,p. 12, 1919 (Koh Lak, southwestern Siam).One female, Chieng Dao, January 29, 1932; one female, MelangValley, January 1, 1933; one male, Huey Me Sae, December 24, 1932;one male, Lomkao, February 20, 1934; one male, Knong Phra, April15, 1929; three females, Kwe Noi, Kanburi, September 20, 1929; twomales, Sai Yok, Kanburi, September 23, 1929; two males and twofemales, Pak Chong, May 9, 1925, December 18, 20, 1926; one male,Sakeo, near Krabin, May 8, 1928; one female, Lamton Lang, May 30,1934; two females, Lat Bua Kao, July 29, August 9, 1929; one female,Chantuk, June 14, 1934; two males, Huey Yang, Sriracha, August 4,1932; two males and three females, Pran, May 26, 28, 1928, April 2-4,1931.Apparently there is little difference between specimens from north-ern and eastern Siam, and little or none between the latter and birdsfrom southwestern Siam.Four males from northern and western Siam measure: Wing,151-153 (151.5) ; culmen, 40-41.5 (40.7) mm. Six males from central,eastern, and southwestern Siam: Wing, 148-152.5 (150.2); culmen,40-42 (41) mm. Five females from northern and western Siam:Wing, 144-153 (150); culmen, 35.5-41 (38.4) mm. Seven femalesfrom eastern and southwestern Siam: Wing, 137-154 (148); culmen,37-40.5 (38.9) mm.The two smallest male specimens measured are from Huey Yang,Sriracha, with wings of 137-141 mm, culmens, 38-39 mm, but there areindications in the plumage that they are birds of the year, and theirmeasurements have not been included in the averages above. Oneof these males (no. 331880) has the rump orange instead of lemon-yellow and the upperparts more of an orange citrine. Both of theseimmature males resemble the adult, except the lowcrparts have onlythe chest washed with a lighter greenish yellow, the belly being gray-ish with slightly darker shadow bars; the red on the crown is morerestricted, as are the black malar streak and black of the nape.The form ranges from northern, central, and southern Burma eastto Siam proper, Laos, Cochincliina, and Annam. In Siam it has beenrecorded from all parts of the country, from the north as far to thesouthwest as Koh Lak. In Peninsular Siam no form of this species isknown, but in the mountains of the Malay States Picvs canus robinsoni(Grant) is found. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 215PICUS ERYTHROPYGIUS ERYTHROPYGIUS (Elliot)Gecinus erythropygius Elliott, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, vol. 1., Bull., p. 76, pi. 3,fig. 1, 1865 (Cochinchina) . One male and one female, Udon, March 19, 1929; one female, SakonNakon, March 11, 1929, one male. Ban Den Miiang, February 25,1929; one female, Pak Chong, December 21, 1926; one female. PangSok, August 15, 1926; one female, Nong Mong, Muang Krabin,August 30, 1925; three males and one female, Chantuk, June 13-16,1934.The four specunens from Chantuk are all bhds of the year with darkbills at the base, but not so dark as in nigrigenis; the thi'ee males havethe throats and sides of neck washed with orange. One male (no.313262) has a white postocular streak; the other males have none.Three (out of five) females have a white postocular streak.This form is easily distinguished from the next (nigrigenis) by itshorn-colored bill. It ranges from southern Annam and Cochinchinato Cambodia, lower Laos, and eastern and southeastern Siam.Kloss ^^ records it from Lat Bua Kao ; Gyldenstolpe ^^ from Sakerat.PICUS ERYTHROPYGIUS NIGRIGENIS (Hume)Gecinus nigrigenis Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, p. 444, 1874 (Tenasserim).One female, Doi Angka (lower slopes), December 9, 1928; one male,Doi Phra Chao, August 5, 1934; one male and one female. Ban NamKien, Nan, April 19, 21, 1930; one female, Muang Pai, December 27,1932; one male and one female, Mekhan, February 7, 8, 1932; onemale and one female, Huey Salob, January 3, 1933; one male, MaeHong Sorn, January 5, 1933; one male, Khonka Valley, January 19,1933; one female, Mesarieng, January 21, 1933; one female, WangKien, March 13, 1934; four males and three females, Muang Kanburi,April 10-14, and September 10, 1928; two males and one female. BoPloi, Kanburi, September 26, 1929.The red crown patch in the male varies from quite restricted insome specimens to one (no. 324155, Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 26)in which the whole pileum, except the forehead, is red. Judged byanalogy, the latter is a bird of the year, though it appears to be adult.In none of the series, except one female, is there a light postocularstreak. In several of the males the outer tail feather has a grayishspot at the tip of varying extent on the underside.This form is easily distinguished from erythropygius by its entirelyblack bill.The form ranges from Karenni and Tounghoo, Burma, to northern,western, and southern Siam. It is a common bird in northern and '? Ibis, 1918, p. 102.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 47, 1913. 216 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM western Siam and probably reaches southwestern Siam, but I haveseen no records from this part of the country.There is a specimen in the British Museum from Meklong, centralSiam.^* De Schauensee ^^ says that it is a common bird in dry lowlandforest, ascending the hills to about 1,500 feet.CIRROPICUS CHLOROLOPHUS CHLOROLOPHOIDES (Gyldenstolpe)Brachylophus chlorophoides Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb., 1916, p. 29 (KoonTan, northern Siam).One male, Doi Hua Mot, August 24, 1934; four males and threefemales, Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000-4,300 feet, November 21, 1928,May 11-17, 1933; five males and four females, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet,October 17-22, 1929, August 23-September 6, 1930, March 1, 4, 1932;one female, Doi Nangka, November 22, 1930; one female. Pang Meton(Doi Nangka), May 2, 1931 ; one male. Khan River, February 8, 1932;one male, Huey Salob, January 3, 1933; one female. Ban Nam Kien,Nan, April 21, 1930; one female, Wang Kien, Kanburi, March 12,1934.I have had only one male of Cirropicus chlorolophus chlorolophus forcomparison. It is more of a yellowish green above; the nuchal crest isa deeper yellow; the chest is more of a deep olive, less greenish; thered on outer web at the base of the inner primaries is less pronounced;the red on the forehead and superciliary is less extensive, and thereare some other differences.C. c. chlorolophoides ranges from the southern Chma and KachinHills, Burma, south to the southern Shan States and Tenasserim andeastward to northern Siam and northwestern Laos. In Siam it isapparently common all over the northern part of the country. Dr.Smith's specimen from Wankien is from about as far to the southwestas the form is known to range.C c. chlorolophus (Vieillot) occurs from Sikldm, Bhutan, Assam, andthe hill tracts of eastern Bengal to the northern Shan States andYunnan. Other forms occur in India. The southern forms are listedunder conjundus.CIRROPICUS CHLOROLOPHUS CONJUNCTUS RileyCirropicus chlorolophus conjundus Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48,p. 53, 1935 (Kao Sabab, southeastern Siam).One male, Lat Bua Kao, August 7, 1929; one female. Pang Sok,August 26, 1926; one male, Pak Chong, May 5, 1926; one male,Lamton Lang, May 28, 1934; one male, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 8,1928; two males and one female, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, November23, 1924, September 25, 1925, February 12, 1927; two females, HueyYang, Sriracha, August 1, 4, 1932; one male, Kao Seming, Krat,January 2, 1930; one male, Kao Sabap, October 28, 1933. i< Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 18, p. 68, 1890.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 249, 1934. BIRDS FRO:\I SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 217Dr. Smith describes the soft parts of a male from Nong Khor as:Iris reddish brown; bill black above, yellow below.This form is lighter above and below than C. c. chlorolophoides ; thenuchal crest is paler; and it averages somewhat smaller, especiallythe bill. Six males measure: Wing, 127.5-137.5 (132.4); tail, 80-90. 5(86.4); culmen, 24.5-26.5 (25.7) mm. Six females: Wing, 125-136(131.4); tail, 85-92 (88); culmen, 23.5-26 (24.8) mm.Ten males of C. c. chlorolophoides measure: Wing, 131.5-142 (135.8);tail, 84-96 (89.9); culmen, 24.5-30.5 (27.8) mm. Ten females: Wing,134-140 (136.7); tail, 87.5-100 (94.3); culmen, 25-28 (26.6).Two males of C. c. krempji from Trang Bom, Cochinchina, aresomewhat darker and smaller than C c. conjundus. They measure:Wing 126-129; tail, 85-90; culmen, 24.5-26 mm.The immature male of Cirropicus chlorolophus has the chest brown-ish and the crown as well as the forehead with red tips to the feathers.This brownishness of the chest and red on the crown persist some timeafter the birds reach adult size. Judged by this criterion, the malefrom Pak Chong and the male from Kao Seming are immature. Thechest in the latter is becoming greenish, and it has lost most of the redtips to the crown feathers; it was taken January 2. The Pak Chongmale, taken May 5, has the whole chest and throat olive-brown andthe bars on the breast and belly lightly indicated hair brown.C. c. conjundus is apparently confined to eastern and southeasternSiam. It probably ranges into Cambodia also, but I have seen norecords from there.A closely related form, Cirropicus chlorolophus krempji (Delacourand Jabouille) occurs in Cochinchina; C. c. annamensis (Meinertz-hagen) in southern Annam; C. c. laotianus (Delacour and Jabouille) inTonkin, northern Annam, and northern Laos; C. c. citrinocristatus(Rickett) in central Fohkien, China. C. c. rodgeri (Hartert and Butler)is an isolated form inhabiting the mountains of Perak.CIRROPICUS PUNICEUS CONTINENTIS (Robinson and Kloss)Brachylophus puniceus continentis Robinson and Kloss, Journ. FederatedMalay States Mus., vol. 10, pt. 3, p. 204, 1921 (Tapli, Pakchan Estuary,Renong, North Malay Peninsula).One male, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17, 1928; two males,Tha Lo, Bandon, September 15, 16, 1931; two males and one female,Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 4-22, 1934; two males, Bangnara,Patani, July 5, 8, 1926.Dr. Abbott collected two males and four females in Trang (Prah-mon, March 23, April 2, 1896; Lay Song Hong, August 18, 31, 1896;Trang, February 24, 1899); one female, Dungun River, Trengganu,September 22, 1900, and one male, Rumpin Rivei, Pahang, June 21, 218 BULLETIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM1902. He describes the soft part as: Iris dark red; orbital skin lightblue; upper mandible black, lower mandible yellow; feet greenishyellow; dull olive, or dull green.The form ranges from the Malay States north through PeninsularSiam to southern Tenasserim. Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it fromTapli and Tasan, northern Peninsular Siam, wldch seems to be aboutthe northern limit of its range in Siam. De Schauensee,^^ having forstudy two males from Nakon Sritamarat, questions the validity ofthe form.Eight adult males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 126-136.5(130.9); culmen, 28-31 (29.6) mm. Five adult males from Sumatra(2) and Nias (3): Wing, 123-130 (126.6); culmen, 27-30 (28.6) mm.Those measurements indicate an average larger size for the con-tinental bird. None of the adult males measured from the continentby me has wings as small as those given by de Schauensee, exceptone, and that shows signs of being immature. Its measurements arenot included, therefore, in those given above. This specimen differsfrom the adult male only as follows: The breast is brownish withround, deep, clive-buff spots, and the wings are a deeper red; the wingmeasures 123 mm. The two birds mentioned by de Schauensee maynot be fully adult.Cirropicus puniceus observandus (Hartert), a closely related form,inhabits Sumatra, Nias, Banka, and Borneo. C. p. puniceus (Hors-field) is confined to Java.CALLOLOPHUS MINIATUS PERLUTUS KlossCallolophus mineatus perlutus Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 110 (Koh Lak, southwesternSiam).One male and two females, Pran, May 28, 1928, April 2, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one female at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim,February 15, 1900, and one male at Telok Besar, Tenasserim, March19, 1904.This form is a larger form than C. m. malaccensis.Three males measure: Wing, 138-142 (140.3); tail, 77-84 (81.3);culmen, 28-28.5 (28.3) mm. Three females: Wing, 133-143 (138);tail, 78-85.5 (82.8); culmen, 26-29 (27) mm.It ranges northward from the Pakchan Estuary through southernTenasserim and southwestern Siam to south-central Siam.There is a specimen in the British Museum from Aleklong,^^ whichis as far north as I have seen any records for Siam. Robmson andKloss '^ assign specimens from Chumporn and Pakchan to the southernform. In Tenasserim it is said to go as far north as Tavoy. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. S, p. 174, 1923.1' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 248, 1934. '? Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 18, p. 124, 1890.1' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 191, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AXD THE MALAY PENINSULA 219CALLOLOPHUS MINIATUS MALACCENSIS (Latham)Picus malaccensis Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 241, 1790 (Malacca)Two males, Bukit, Patani, January 23, 1931; one immature male,Pak Bhayoon, Tale Sap, July 4, 1929; one immature male, Patalung,July 5, 1929; one male, Kao Chong, Trang, September 1, 1933; onefemale, Waterfall, Trang, August 25, 1933 ; one male and one female,Tha Lo, Bandon, September 17, 22, 1931; one male, Sicliol, Bandon,September 2, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Three males and twofemales, Trang (Tyching, May 29, 1896; Lay Song Hong, December27, 1896; near Chong, January 25, 1897; Kao Nom Plu, 1,000 feet,February 23, 1897; Trang, January 21, 1899); two males and onefemale, Rumpin River, Pahang, June 14, 23, 1902. He describes thesoft parts as: Iris dark red or brown; upper mandibles black; lowerbluish white; feet green.The two immature males collected by Dr. Smith are much palerthan the adults, and the bills are shorter; they are about adult size.There seems to be little difference in size between the sexes. Tenmales measure: Wing, 125-130.5 (127.6); tail, 68-79.5 (73.6); culmen,25-28 (25.8) mm. Five females: Wing, 128-135 (130); tail, 74-78(74.9); culmen, 24-25.5 (24.7) mm.This form ranges from the Malay States north to Pakchan Estuary,^,whence it was recorded by Robinson and Kloss ^?; it also occurs onSumatra, Banka, and Billiton.Callolophus miniatus miniatus (Forster) is confined to Java.C. m. dayak Stresemann is found in Borneo.C. m. niasensis (Buttikofer) is confined to the island of Nias, off thewestern coast of Sumatra.CHRYSOPHLEGMA HUMH HUMH HargittChrysophlegma humii Hargitt, Ibis, 1889, p. 231 (Malacca and Klong, Selangor).One male and two females, Bangnara, Patani, May 31, 1924, July4, 1926; three males, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 21, 1933-January 1, 1934; one male and two females, Kao Luang, NakonSritamarat, July 17, 23, 1928; one male, Ban Huey Ta, Nakon Srita-marat, July 12, 1928; two females, Sichol, Bandon, May 19, 1930.Dr. Smith gives the soft parts of a pair shot at Bangnara, Patani,May 31, as: Male?iris reddish brown; bill black; legs light green.Female?iris dull reddish brown; bill blacldsh brown above, darkblue below; legs dark green.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following in the Mala}'- Peninsula:Four males and two females, Trang (La}^ Song Hong, September 22,30, December 21, 24, 1896; Trang, January 26, 1899; Kao Soi Dao. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 188, 1923. 220 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONiVL MUSEUM1,000 feet, February 20, 1899); one male, the Dindings, Straits ofMalacca, April 14, 1900; one male and one female, Endau River, eastcoast of Johore, June 28 and July 13, 1901; and one male, and twofemales, Rumpin River, Pahang, June 2, July 11, 22, 1902.Dr. Abbott gives the soft parts as: Iris reddish brown, dark red, ordeep crimson; bill black above, leaden below; greenish at the base oflower mandible; feet dull green, pale green, or olive green; orbitalskin green, dull green, or pale green.The male apparently differs from the female only in having themalar region dusky with buffy spots (the malar region in the femalebeing hazel without spots). A male collected by Dr. Abbott on theRumpin River, Pahang, Jidy 11, has the malar region unspotted andthe breast and belly olive-brown with a slight citrine wash. It isprobably a bird of the year.This form ranges from southern Tenasserim through PeninsularSiam to the Malay States, Sumatra, and Banka. Robinson andKloss ^^ state that it is rare in the northern part of the Peninsula,barely reaching Bankasoon, Tenasserim. Judged by the number ofspecimens collected by Dr. Abbott and Dr. Smith, it is probablynot uncommon in the south.Chryso2)hle? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol 5, p. 177, 1923. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol 6, p. 323, 1926. tab. 6, 1797(Java).Two males and three females, Bangnara, Patani, May 13, 18, 1924,July 3-16, 1926; one female, Bukit, Patani, January 26, 1931 ; one maleand one female, Patalung, July 5, 9, 1929; one male and one female,Nakon Sritamarat, September 27 and October 1, 1926; one male,Ban Kiriwong, Nakon Sritamarat, July 9, 1928; one male. Ban ThaYai, Nakon Sritamarat, July 9, 1928; one male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang,January 22, 1934; one female, Bandon, January 5, 1927; one female,Tha Lo, Bandon, September 24, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Five males and threefemales in Trang (Prahmon, March 4-April 10, 1896; Tyching, May29, 1896; Lay Song Hong, September 5, 1896; Trang, January 4, 1897;Kok Sai, December 29, 1898); one male, Singapore Island, May 18,1899; one male and five females, Trengganu (Dungun Kiver, Sep-tember 18, 24, 1900; Tanjong Dungun, September 21, 22, 1900;Kemamun, October 2, 1900). He gives the soft parts as: Iris darkred or brown; feet greenish leaden, olive plumbeous, or leaden; billblack, leaden beneath at base.Specim.ens from the Malay Peninsula do not seem to differ materi-ally from those from western Java or Sumatra.Three males from western Java measure: Wing, 132.5-133 (132.8);tail, 85-94 (88.7); culmen, 28-30.5 (29) mm. Five males from Su-matra and islands off eastern coast: Wing, 130-137 (133.8); tail,78-89 (83.7); culmen, 28-30 (28.8) mm. Ten males from the MalayPeninsula (Singapore north to Bandon): Wing, 122-140 (134); tail,83-93 (86) ; culmen, 26.5-30 (28) mm. One female from eastern Java:Wing, 136; tail, 86; culmen, 28 mm. One female from Sumatra (first)and one female from the Khio Archipelago: Wing, 128-132.5; tail,84.5-84; culmen, 28.5-28 mm. Ten females from Peninsular Siam:Wing, 130-139 (134.4); tail, 76.5-89 (84); culmen, 26.5-29 (27.2 mm).The range of the form extends from western Java to some of theislands off the east coast of Sumatra, Sumatra, and the Malay Penin-sula north to about latitude 10? N. Apparently it is a common formin the Malay Peninsula from Singapore to the Isthmus of Kra.Another form, D. j. exsvl (Hartert), is found in Bali and East Java,and a still smaller one, D. j. borneensis (Dubois), occurs in Borneo.DINOPIUM JAVANENSE INTERMEDIUM (Blyth)Picus (Tiga) intermedius Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 193, 184&(Ramree Island, Araccan "').One male and one female, Doi Phra Chao, August 2, 4, 1934; onemale, Doi Angka, December 9, 1928; one female, Mehongsorn, Janu- " As restricted by Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 5, p. 197, 1923. 234 bulletitm 172, united states national museum ary 6, 1933; one male, Chomtong, November 30, 1928; one male, BanNam Kien, Nan, April 21, 1930; one male, Tha Fang, January 17,1933; one male and two females, Knong Plira, April 10, 12, 1929; onemale. Ban Mekok, October 20, 1932; one female, Udon, February 16,1929; two females, Lat Bua Kao, July 31, August 4, 1929; two malesand one female, Pak Cliong, May 5, 1925, May 4, 1926; one female,Chantuk, June 16, 1934; one female, Bua Yai, February 15, 1929; onefemale, Sakon Nakon, March 10, 1929; one male. Ban Den, February25, 1929; one male, Tha Chang, March 16, 1927; one male and onefemale, Pang Sok, August 14, 18, 1926; one female, Sakeo, near Kra-bin. May 4, 1928; one female, Nong Mong, Krabin, August 30, 1925;one male and one female, Nong Khor, February 7, 1927; one female,Nontaburi, March 22, 1924; one female, Wang Kien, near Kanburi,March 13, 1934; one male, Muang Kanburi, September 11, 1928; onemale. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 7, 1928; one male and one female,Koh Lak, June 24, 1933 ; one female, Sam Roi Yot, November 11, 1932.Dr. Smith took a female over the border at Ban Ong, Salwin River,Burma, January 13, 1933.Dr. VV. L. Abbott collected three females in Tenasserim (VictoriaPoint, January 3, 1900; Tanjong Badak, January 11, 1900; Champang,December 14, 1903).This form is somewhat larger than D. j. javanense.Ten males from Siam proper measure: Wing, 144-156.5 (149.9);tail, 88-111 (96.5); culmen, 30-36 (31.7) mm. Ten females: Wing,140-151 (145.7); tail, 90-106 (96.9); culmen, 27-30 (28.8) mm.The three females from Tenasserim are somewhat larger than MalayPeninsula specimens but somewhat smaller than females from farthernorth. In other words, they are intermediate but are nearer thenorthern form as a whole. The three females from Tenasserim meas-ure: Wing, 140-142.5 (140.8); tail, 90-96.5 (92.7); culmen, 28.5-29.5(29) mm.The male and the female taken at Koh Lak, June 24, are both im-mature, about two-thirds grown, and resemble the adult male andfemale, respectively, except they are smaller.The range of this form extends from southern Tenasserim andPeninsular Siam north of latitude 10? N. through Burma and Siam toYunnan and eastward to Laos, Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina.In Siam proper it is evidently a common bird all over the countrynorth of the Isthmus of Kra. Herbert reports taking a set of threeeggs at Ban Khang, June 14.^^A somewhat smaller form, D.j. rubrojn/giolis (Malherbe), occurs inwestern India. ?9 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 326, 1926. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 235CHRYSOCOLAPTES STRICTUS GUTTACRISTATUS (Tickell)Picus guttacristatus Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, p. 578, 1833(Borabhum and Dholbhum).Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus indo-malayicus Hesse, Orn. Monatsb., 1911, p. 182(Puket, southwestern Siam).One female, Doi Phra Chao, August 1, 1934; one male and onefemale, Mehongsorn, January 7, 8, 1933; one male, Ta Fang, January17, 1933; one male and one female, Aranya, July 17, 1930; one female,Lomkao, February 20, 1934; one male, Konken, March 21, 1929;two females, Udon, March 18, 1929; one male. Pang Sok, August 23,1926; one male, Sikeu, near Korat, February 16, 1926; one male andone female. Lam Klong Lang, near Pak Cliong, June 7, 13, 1925; threefemales, Pak Chong, December 19, 1926, April 10 and December 4,1929; one female, Kao Lem, December 29, 1930; two females, HinLap, September 28, 1932; one male and one female, Nong Mong,Krabin, August 24, 25, 1925; one female, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 5,1928 ; two males, Nong I^ior, near Sriracha, March 23 1926 ; February5, 1927; one female. Ban Sadet, near Sriracha, May 26, 1925; onefemale, Huey Yang, near Sriracha, October 2, 1930; one male and onefemale. Ban Tarn Dam, near Sriracha, March 5, 7, 1930; one male,Nong Yang, east of Sriracha, October 20, 1931; one male, Lem Sing,Chantabun, June 10, 1926; one female, Kao Sabap, November 3,1933; one male, Koh Chang, January 5, 1926; one male and two fe-males, Kwe Noi, Kanburi, September 21, 1929; one male, Sam RoiYot, November 13, 1932; one female, Sichol, Bandon, May 19, 1930;one female. Ban Ku^iwong, Nakon Sritamarat, July 13, 1928; one male,Bangnara, Patani, July 7, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Six males and three fe-males in Trang (Telibon Island, February 25, 29, 1896; Pralmion,April 5, 1896; Tyching, June 29, 1896; Lay Song Hong, September26, 1896; Trang, February 15, 1897, January 20, 1899); two females inTenasserim (Tanjong Badak, January, 1900; Sungei Balik, February26, 1904); one female, Domel Island, Mergui Archipelago, February23, 1900. He gives the soft parts as: Iris orange, saffron yellow, palebrownish orange, or brownish yellow; bill horny black, or dull black,brownish at base of lower mandible; feet dull olive, leaden, or dullleaden in the male ; the soft parts in the female do not differ.There seem to be little or no color differences between specimensfrom the northern and eastern part of the country and those fromPeninsular Siam. There is a gradual diminution in size from northto south, but it is not constant.Four males from the Burma bolder (1) and northern Siam (3)measure: Wing, 167-175 (170.4); culmen, 47.5-53 (50.6) mm. Fivemales from eastern Siam: Wing, 156-170 (165.7); culmen, 45-51.5(48.8) mm. Nine males from southeastern Siam: Wing, 156-170 236 BULLETIN" 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM(163.4); ciilmen, 41.5-50 (47.3) mm. Nine males from southwestern(2) and Peninsular Siam: Wing, 152.5-168 (161.2); culmen, 44-50.5(47.9) mm.Three females from northern Siam measure: Wing, 163.5-176(168.2); culmen, 47-49 (47.8) mm. Nine females from eastern Siam:Wing, 161.5-173 (166.9); culmen, 42.5-47 (45.3) mm. Six femalesfrom southeastern Siam: Wing, 160-167 (163.5); culmen, 41-48(45.7) mm. Nine females from southwestern Siam (2), southernTenasserim (3), and Peninsular Siam (4): Wing 160-175 (164.7);culmen, 43-49 (46.8) mm.It seems inexpedient to recognize more than one form for the wholeof Siam. I am following Robinson and Kloss ^^ in this respect. Therange would, then, be eastern Bengal, Assam, Araccan, the whole ofBurma, and Siam, eastward to Cambodia, Laos, Cochinchina, andAnnam, and southward in Peninsidar Siam to Patani.In Siam it evidently is a common bird all over the country. Robin-son ^? records it from Pulo Langkawi, Pulo Terutau, Chong (Trang),and Koh Samui; he also gives it for Koh Chang, Koh Klum, and KohRang."^ It probablj^ occurs on other islands off the coast.While the form shows little geographical differentiation, it has con-siderable individual variation. A male (no. 332811) from Mehong-sorn, January 7, has the breast with the blaclc reduced on the sidesof the feathers and none on the tip. Another male (no. 332809) hasthe black marldngs on the head and lowerparts verona brown. Afemale (no. 172996) has the inner primaries and secondaries orangecitrine instead of golden-orange. This seems to be a matter of ageand indicates a bird not quite adult. There are several immaturespecimens in the series, but none very young. The subadult resemblesits sex; except in the male the red occurs only on the nape. The fore-head and crown are black and spotted as in the female; both sexes inthis stage have the back washed with scarlet red.There is one peculiarity in the series that is new to me. Many ofthe specimens taken in the summer have the rhampotheca at the baseof the upper mandible flaking off, evidently being shed or molted.A smaller race, C. s. chersonesus Kloss, inhabits Johore, Singapore,Rhio Archipelago, and Sumatra. Of this form I have examined onlyan apparently adult female from Sumatra. Besides being smallerthan guttacristatus, the mantle and wing coverts are strongly washedwith scarlet. C. s. stridus (Horsfield) is confined to Java. Severalother races occur in India.M Journ. NhI. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 196, 1923." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 161, 1917.n Ibis. 1915, p. 730. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 237CHRYSOCOLAPTES VAUDUS XANTHOPYGIUS FinschChrysocolaptes xanthopygius Finsch, Notes Lej'den Mus., vol. 26, p. 34, 1905(upper Mahakan River, Dutch Borneo).One male, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 13, 1928; one maleand three females, Kao Chong, Trang, August 27-31, 1933; onefemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 29, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and one female at Lay-Song Hong, Trang, November 10-11, 1896, January 1, 1897, andone male and one female at Tanjong Peniabong, east cost of Johore,July 23-24, 1901.He gives the soft parts as: Iris orange-red, reddish brown, orbrownish yellow; upper mandible dark horn brown, lower mandibleyellow; feet pale yellow brown (males); iris orange brown or brown;upper mandible dark horn brown or pale horn brown, lower mandibleyellov.ish or greenish white; feet leaden or dusky greenish (females).In most of the above series the males have the center of the mantlewhite with a slight yellow wash; the rump cadmium, orange. Inone male from Trang (no. 160191) the rump is cadmium orangestained with scarlet red and one or two other males show a slight redv/ash on the rump.The few specimens examined from Sumatra and Borneo do notseem to differ materially from the mainland form.Six males from the Alalay Peninsula measure: Wing, 157-166(159.8); tail, 79.5-86.5 (82.5); culmen, 43-49 (45.4) mm. Fourmales from Sumatra (2), Banka (1), and Borneo (1); Wing, 163-165(163.9); tail, 81-90 (85.5); culmen, 43-46 (44.9) mm.. Six femalesfrom the Malay Peninsula: Wmg, 154-165 (159.2); tail, 77-91 (83.5);culmen, 40-44.5 (42.2) mm. Four females from Sumatra (2) andBorneo (2): Wmg, 150-162.5 (154.9); tail, 78-88 (84); culmen,39-43 (40.7) mm.The form ranges from Borneo, Banka, and Sumxatra to the MalayStates and Peninsular Siam. Robinson and IQoss ^^ state that amale from Lamra, a female from Koh Khau, a male from Chong,and a pair from Kao Ram were the sole records for Siam when theywrote.C V. validus (Temminck) is confined to Java and is quite distinctfrom xanthopygius. The mainland, Sumatran, and Bornean formshould doubtless be recognized as a distinct species. The onlyspecimen I have examined from Java, a female, has the back and rumpclay color instead of white or yelloMdsh white and seems to be adult. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 6, p. 197, 1923. 33527?38 16 238 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMHEMICIRCUS CONCRETUS SORDIDUS (Eyton)Dendropicus sordidus Eyton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 16, p. 299, 1845(Malacca).One immature male and one immature female, Waterfall, Trang,August 26, 1933; one immature female, Patalung, July 7, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at Lay Song Hong,Trang, January 1, 1897, and a male and female, on Singapore Island,May 12, 1899. He gives the color of the soft parts in the male fromSingapore as: Iris pale brownish pink; bill dull leaden, paler beneath;feet olive leaden.The pair from Singapore has the lower parts suffused with yellow-ish citrine, and there is a slight wash of reddish on the breast; theadult male collected by Dr. Abbott in Trang largely lacks the yellow-ish-citrine suffusion and so looks quite different.The immature male collected by Dr. Smith in Trang has the crestand pileum ochraceous-tawny, barred narrowly with slate color;the breast is grayer than in the adult and is spotted lightly withwarm buff spots. The immature female collected by Dr. Smith inPatalung has the whole head and lowerparts deep gull gray ; the edg-ings of the feathers of the back and wing coverts and the rump are?ilmost pure white; the crest is small. The second immature female -taken by Dr. Smith at the Waterfall, Trang, August 26, 1933, isdarker and has a light yellowish wash to the breast, back, and rump;the crest is short. In neither of these two immature females is thecrown or crest buff or tipped with crimson as described by StuartBaker ^^; only the immature male has the crest ochraceous-tawny,but without any crimson tips. The crimson tip appears only as the ?immature approaches maturity.The few specimens from Borneo examined seem to be darker thanMalay Peninsula birds. The only adult examined from Sumatra is afemale; it is dark like Bornean specimens. The wings of two malesfrom the Malay Peninsula measure 82-85 mm; three from Borneo:81-86 (82.8) mm.If the Sumatran and Bornean birds are the same, the name forthem will be Hemicircus concretus coccoinctopus Reichenbach.This would leave the range of //. c. sordidus as follows: The MalayStates northward through Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Robinson and Kloss ^^ report it rather scarce but widely distributedin the Malay Peninsula. They later recorded it from Kao Ram,1,200 feet, Nakon Sritamarat.^* " The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 83, 1927. '? Ibis, 1911, p. 47.w Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. GO, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 239HEMICIRCUS CANENTE CANENTE (Lesson)Picus canente Lesson, Centurie zoologique . . ., p. 215, pi. 73, 1830 (Pegu).One male and two females, Koh Chang, April 5, 1924, March 10,1930; one male and two females, Pak Chong, December 20, 1926,November 24, 1929; one female, Aranya, July 16, 1930; one male andone female, Kwe Noi, Kanburi, September 24, 1929; one female,Pran, April 2, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a female at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim, Feb-ruary 13, 1900.The females as a rule are darker below than the males, and theirforeheads and crowns are buffy white. The immature is even darkerbelow than the female.This form ranges from Assam south of the Brahmaputra throughBurma to southern Tenasserim, northern Peninsular Siam, north tonorthern Siam and eastward to Laos, Cochinchina, and Annam.Gyldcnstolpe,^* records it from Ban Hue Hom and Pak Pan andlater " from Chum Poo and Pak Koh. De Schauensee secured speci-mens from Nakon Nayok and Chieng Sen,^^ and later from Chantabunand Ron Ken.^^ Robinson and Kloss ^? record it from Tapli, PakchanEstuary, which is about the limit of its range in this direction. Chasenand Rloss ^' list a male from the Raheng district. Lowe ^^ met withit 28 miles east of Umpang and 28 miles southwest of Kempempetand says it is a scarce bird and generally seen in pairs on some deadtree.H. c. cordatus Jerdon is confined to the Malabar coast and Travan-core. MULLERIPICUS PULVERULENTUS PULVERULENTUS (Temininck)Picus pulverulentus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches coloriees d'oiseaux,livr. G6, pi. 389, 1826 (Java and Sumatra; type locality fixed by Stresemannas Java).One male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 9, 1934; one male, HueyYang, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, October 10, 1930; one male,Bandon, January 8, 1927; two males, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 14,23, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and three females in Trang(Prahmon, March 3 and April 14, 1896, and Lay Song Hong, August25 and October 2, 1896); one immature male, Singapore Island, May31, 1899; one female, Endau River, east coast of Johore, June 28, 1901 ; two males and one female, in Tenasserim (Sungei Balik, December '? Kungl. Svenska Vet-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 50, 1913." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 96, 1916." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 567, 1930." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 252, 1934. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soe. Siam, vol. 5, p. 198, 1923. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 171, 1928." Ibis. 1933, p. 475. 240 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 3, 1900; Victoria Point, December 5, 1900). He gives the soft parts as:Iris blackish brown or dark brown; bill bluish white, black at tip andalong culmen, becoming horny blue at base; feet dull leaden blue.The above series from the Malay Peninsula is considerably darkerthan the series from the northern and eastern part of Siam; they alsoaverage a little smaller. The three specimens from southern Tenas-serim are somewhat lighter than birds from farther south but darkerthan northern individuals as a rule. In fact, they are intermediate;on the whole, they go better with Peninsular specimens.I have examined no specimen from Java, but specimens from Penin-sular Siam and farther south clearly do not belong to the northern formand are placed with the Javan form provisionally until specimensfrom there can be exammed. A male from Pulo Bauwal, south-western Borneo, does not seem to differ materially from Peninsularbirds. Two males and a female from Dutch East Borneo are verydark, darker than anything from the mainland. Though one malewas taken February 24 and the other two specimens on November 6,all three specimens are molting, and I think they are birds of the pre-vious breeding season, but the bird of the year of the northern form,harterti, is brownish not blackish. If more ample material demon-strates that these differences hold for the Bornean bird, it would takeBonaparte's name Hemilophus mulleri.A male and two females from the Philippines are browner below;the females are from Palawan, but the island is not specified on themale, probably Palawan also.With Borneo and Palawan left out of the range as doubtful, therange of Mulleripicus pulverulentus pulrerulentvs would be Java andthe Malay Peninsula north to southern Tenasserim, possibly Sumatra.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Pulo Langkawi and Pulo Terutau;Robinson adds Pulo Lontar ?* and Bankok Klap, Bandon.^^ Appar-ently it is not a common bird or else it is wary and difficult to obtain.MULLERIPICUS PULVERULENTUS HARTERTI HesseMulleripicus pulverulentus harterti Hesse, Orn. Monatsb., 1911, p. 182 (Assam,Burma to Tenasserim; type from Pya, Upper Chindwin).One male, Doi Phra Chao, August 2, 1934; one female, Mekhan,February 7, 1932; one male and one female, Sikeu, near Korat, March4, 1926; one male, Pak Chong, December 2, 1929; one female, lOiongPhra, near Pak Chong, February 25, 1924; one male and one female.Lamton Lang, June 1, 1934; one male, Ban Nong Keng, February 27,1929; one male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, February 9, 1929; onefemale. Ban Tarn Dam, near Sriracha, March 3, 1930.M Ibis, ion, p. 47.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 163, 1917. *> Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 95, 1915. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 241The above series is lighter and averages larger than a good seriesfrom Peninsular Siam.Five males from eastern Siam measure: Wing, 235-250 (241.6);tail, 139-162 (153.8); calmen, 62-67.5 (64.5) mm. Five females fromnorthern and eastern Siam: AVing, 235-242 (238.2); tail, 150-159(154); culmen, 58-66 (62.3) mm.The form ranges from Oudh, Assam, Burma, and northern Tenas-serim to Siam proper, Laos, Cambodia, Cochinchina, and Annam.I am somewhat doubtful of the Indo-China records; the only speci-men examined in good plumage is a male from Trang Bom, Cochin-china (no. 278359). It is a summer-taken specimen, slightly worn,and is somewhat darker and a little smaller than this sex in theSiamese series. It measures: Wing, 234; tail, 148; culmen, 57.5 mm.On geographic grounds it is placed with the northern form for thepresent.The bird of the year is lighter than adult specimens and has a rustywash to the plumage, which is retained until after it reaches adult size.The form occurs sparingly all over Siam proper. It has been re-corded from Hat Sanuk, Rajburi, by Robinson and Kloss.^* Thismust be near the limit of its range in this direction.MACROPICUS JAVENSIS JAVENSIS (Horsfield)Picus javensis Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 175, 1821 (Java).One male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 6, 1934; one female, ThaLo, Bandon, September 23, 1931.The following were collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott: Four males andthree females in Trang (Prahmon, April 7, 1896; Lay Song Hong,August 20-November 23, 1896; Trang, January 28, 1899); one male,Kemamun, Trengganu, October 2, 1900; and one female, EndauRiver, Pahang side, June 21, 1901. He gives the soft parts as: Irisyellow, pale yellow, pale greenish yellow; bill black, black with whiteat tip beneath, or black, grayish beneath; feet leaden, dull leaden,dirty leaden, or leaden blue; claws dark brown; dark horn blue, orblackish leaden.This form ranges from Java, Borneo, the Rhio Archipelago, Banka,and Sumatra to the Malay States and north through Peninsular Siamto southern Tenasserim.No specimens from Java have been available for comparison.Birds from the Philippines appear to be smaller and break up into anumber of races. A large race, Macrojpicus javensis buttikqferi Rich-mond, is found on Nias and a much smaller form, M. j. parvus Rich-mond, on Simalur.The few specimens examined by me from Borneo seem to have thethroat and cheeks on the average more heavily streaked with whiteM Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 198. 1023. 242 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMthan the mainland form. In this respect, they resemble the southernPhilippine form, Alacropicus javensis suluensis (Blasius), but are largelike the mainland form.Five males from the Malay Peninsula measure: Wing, 223-240(230. G) ; tail, 155-161 (159.2) ; culmen, 54-58 (56.4) m.m. Three malesfrom Borneo: Wing, 234-238 (235.7); tail, 166-182 (171.5); culmen,56.5-61 (58.7) mm. One male from Linga Island, Rhio Archipelago:Wing, 222; tail, 160; culmen, 53 mm. Five males from the MalayPeninsula: Wing, 216-226 (220.2); tail, 140-160 (153.6); culmen,50-54 (51.8) mm. Two females from Borneo: Wing, 224-230; tail,153.5-165; cuhnen, 54-55 mm. One female from Sumatra: Wing,237; tail, 182; culmen, 54 mm. Two females from Banka: Wing,219-230; tail, 165-166; culmen, 51-52 mm.This form appears to be not uncommon in the south of the Penin-sula, becoming rarer to the northward. The northernmost record Ihave seen is the one of Miiller ^^ for Salanga (Puket), but Dr. Smithtook it in Bandon and Davison secured specimens in extreme southernTenasserim. MACROPICUS FEDDENI (Blanford)Mulleripicus feddeni Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 32, p. 75, 1863(Burma).One female, Doi Angka, December 9, 1928; one female. Ban NamKien, Nan, April 18, 1930; three males and two females, Pak Chong,April 28 and December 18, 22, 1926; one male, Sakeo, near Krabin,May 4, 1928; one male, Chantuk, June 12, 1934; one male, Kwe Noi,Kanburi, September 22, 1929; one male, Wang Kien, Kanburi, March12, 1934. Dr. Smith also took a female at Ban Tung Kwa Tao,Salwin River, Burma, January 12, 1933.In my opinion this bird is a species and not a form of M. javensis.It is readily distinguished from javensis or any of its forms by thebroad white rump. As a rule, the throat and posterior cheeks aremore heavily streaked with white, and the breast is purer white.Macropicus feddeni ranges from the Chin and Kachin Hills and thenorthern Shan States, Burma, to northern Tenasserim and practicallyall Siam proper east to Cambodia, Cocliincliina, and southern Annam.In Siam it has been recorded by Robinson and Kloss ^* from Koh Lakin southwestern Siam, which seems to be about the southern limit inthis direction. De Schauensee,^^ in recording it from Metang and BuaYai, states that it is uncommon in dry and evergreen forests.A pair in the United States National Aluseum from Dalat, southernAnnam, are somewhat smaller than Siamese specimens. Robinsonand Kloss have also called attention to this. ?' Die Ornis der Insel S.ilanga, p. 72, 1882. ?8 Journ. Nat. Hist. Siam, vol. 5, p. 199, 1923. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 253, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 243From descriptions it seems rather lilvely this is a form of Macropicushodgsonii (Jerdon) from the west coast of southern India, but the rangesare widely separated. Macropicus forresti (Rothschild) closely resem-bles feddeni but is larger and lacks almost entu'ely the white streakson the throat and posterior auriculars; it is found in the high mountainsof Yunnan and Tonkin.Stuart Baker ^? alters feddeni to crawfurdi on the grounds of priority,but Picus crawfurdi Gray was given ^^ to an Indian drawing broughtto England by Mr. Crawfurd, Jr. Hargitt ^^ clauns that the namecannot possibly apply to feddeni.VIVIA INNOMINATA MALAYORUM (Hartert)Picumnus innominatus malayorum Hartert, Die Vogel der palaarktischenFauna, Band 2, Heft 1, p. 937, 1912 (Gunong Ijau, Perak).One male, Doi Nangka, November 20, 1930; one male, Doi HuaMot, August 24, 1934.This form is said to differ prmcipally from V. i. innominata in being^only a little smaller. The wings of two males from Cachar, India,measure 54 mm, the wing of the Nangka male 53 mm, that from DoiHua Mot 56.5 mm; so even size does not seem to hold. In the twoSiamese males the spots below come farther down on the breast andthe barring on the sides is less pronounced than in the Cachar males.The northern Siamese specimens are probably intermediate, as thedifferences are sHght. I have seen no specimens from the MalayPeninsula.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Khun Tan. Deignan ^* states thatit is rather common on Doi Sutep from 2,700-3,500 feet. De Schau-ensee ?^ secured it at the same place and at Chieng Dao. There seemsto be no definite record for Peninsular Siam, where it must occur,however, as it occurs in the Malay States.The form ranges from eastern Burma and Siam southeast to Tonkinand southern Annam and south to the Malay States, Sumatra, andBorneo. SASIA OCHRACEA REICHENOWI HesseSasia ochracea reichenowi Hesse, Orn. Monatsb., 1911, p. 181 (Burma).One male, Chiengdao, January 29, 1932; one male, Aranya, July19, 1930; one female, Tha Chang, March 20, 1927; one female, LatBua Kao, August 9, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male and a female at Maliwun,Tenasserim, March 22, 1900. ?? The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 7, p. 319, 1930. ?I Griffith, The animal kingdom ... by the Baron Cuvier .... Birds, vol. 2, p. 513, fig., 1829" Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 18, p. 501, 1890. ?3 Kungl. Svenslia Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 97, 1916.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Ilist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 158, 1931. ?' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 253, 1934. 244 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMNo specimens of the other forms of this species have been availablefor comparison.Gyldenstolpe "^ took a male at Doi Par Sakeng; Deignan *^ cameacross it only once in July at Chiengmai; de Schauensee ^^ securedspecimens at Chieng Rai and Chieng Sen and on his third expeditionat Tamuang; ^^ Robinson and Kloss ^ record it from Mamoh andTapli, Pakchan Estuary, and Tasan, Chumporn. Apparently, then,it occurs nearly all over Siam proper and extreme northern PeninsularSiam.The form ranges from the Lower Chindwin and southern ShanStates in Burma south to Southern Tenasserim and east throughSiam to Laos, Tonkin, and northern Annam.SASIA ABNORMIS EVERETTI HargittSasia everetti Hargitt, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 18,p. 559, pi. 15, juv., 1890 (Lumbidan, Borneo).One male, Bukit, Patani, January 24, 1931; one female, Yala>Patani, February 2, 1931; one female, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat*3,000 feet, July 14, 1928; one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 12,1934; one female, Kao Chong, Trang, September 2, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two adult males and one immaturefemale in Trang (Rao Soi Dao, February 10, 1899; Prahmon, March 6,1896; Tyching, July 3, 1896). He describes the soft parts as: Irisred; orbital skin livid purple; upper mandible black, lower mandiblegreenish yellow; feet brownish yellow or orange, claws pale brownishhorn.The only difference between the sexes seems to be that in the malethe feathers of the forehead are tipped with light cadmium yellow,while in the female they are kaiser brown. Apparently there is littleor no difference in size.The immature female collected by Dr. Abbott at Tyching, Trang,July 3, is similar to the plate of the type of Sasia everetti, quotedabove, except the pileum and upper back are a little deeper thanhair brown, with little or no olive wash; only the ear coverts and anarrow line above the eye posteriorly are orange-cinnamon, and thelores are blackish.There appears to be no difference in color or size between speci-mens from the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra. Threemales from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 52-55 (53.3); tail,19-22 (20.7); culmen, 12-13 (12.7) mm. Five males from Borneoand one from Sumatra: Wing, 49-53 (51.9); tail, 20-23.5 (21); ?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 97, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. N.it. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 158, 1931.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 668, 1930. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 253, 1934.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 200. 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 245 culmen, 12-13 (12.6) mm. Three females from Peninsular Siam:Wing, 51-54 (52.7); tail, 19-22 (20.7); culmen, 12.5-13 (12.7) mm.One female from Borneo: Wing, 51.5; taU, 21; culmen, 13 mm.No specimens from Java have been examined, but cle Schauensee ^claims that Peninsular birds have larger bills. He had only onespecimen from Java, one from the Peninsula, and three from Borneo.He is correct in stating that Bornean and Peninsular birds are thesame, and presumably he is correct as to the Javan form also. Alarger series from Java should be examined, however.The range of this form extends from Borneo and Sumatra to theMalay States and northward through Peninsular Siam to Maprit,southwestern Siam, and southern Tenasserim.This bird is probably not uncommon, but as it mostly inhabitsbamboo tliickets it is probably hard to observe, and it is not commonin collections. It has been taken the full length of the Peninsula.Sasia abnormis abnormis (Temminck) is confined to Java.JYNX TORQUILLA JAPONICA BonaparteJunx japonica Bonaparte, Conspectus generum avium, vol. 1, p. 112, 1850(Japan).One female. Bung Borapet, March 29, 1933.This form ranges from Japan west to central Asia and south tonorthern India. In winter it migrates to southern China, Tonkin,Annam, Cochinchina, Siam, Burma, and the greater part of easternIndia.Several nominal races have been proposed for J. torquilla in recentyears:lynx torquilla chinensis Hesse, Orn. Monatsb., 1911, p. 181 (Tsintau,China).Jynx torquilla harterli Poljakow, Mess. Orn., 1915, p. 135, 136 (Altai,.Jenissei Government).Jynx torquilla pallidior Rensch, Abh. Ber. Zool. Mus. Dresden, vol. 16,no. 2, p. 40, 1924 (Sungpan, Szechwan).Jynx torquilla intermedia Stegmann, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 47, p. 73,1927 (Tchita, southeastern Siberia).Adequate material is not available to investigate the validity ofthese forms at present, but I do not believe they can be maintained.It is too difficult to discriminate the eastern from the western formwithout complicating matters any further.This bird is a rather rare winter visitor to Siam. Williamson ' recorded a male from Bangkok, April 24, 1916. De Schauensee*lists a female from Chiengmai, January 5 ; Deignan ^ records it from ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 253, 1934.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 324, 1917. * Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 568, 1930. ? Journ. Siam. Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 158, 1931. 246 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCbiengmai from October to March and states that in February andMarch 1931 it was almost abundant; Gyldenstolpe ? adds the locaHtyKhun Tan. Family EURYLAIMIDAE: BroadbillsEURYLAIMUS JAVANICUS PALUDUS ChasenEurylaimus javanicus pallidus Chasen, Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 10, p. 43, 1935(Kao Nawng, Bandon, Siam).One female, Pang Sok, August 24, 1926; three males and one female,Pak Chong, March 3, 1927, June 21, 22, 1934; two males, Hin Lap,December 7, 12, 1931; one male, Hupbon, November 8, 1931; onemale and two females, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 25, 1925,February 10, 1927; one male, Ban Sadet, Sriracha, June 1, 1925;three males, Klong Yai, Sriracha, July 22, 25, 1932; one immaturemale, Kao Bantad, Krat, December 29, 1929; two males and onefemale, Kao Sabap, 3,000 feet, October 30-November 17, 1933; onemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 29, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one adult male, one adult female, and ?one immature female, Lay Song Hong, Trang, September 2, 6, 1896.He describes the soft parts as: Bill bright blue, distal half of uppermandible pale yellowish green, tip and a line along commissure onboth mandibles black; iris blue; feet pale purplish fleshy.The immature female was taken September 2. It is about adultsize and has just started to acquire the adult plumage. Above itresembles the adult, but the back is a brownish black and the yellowspots are lighter; the pileum is snuff brown, darker on the nape, withvery fine light shaft streaks and a vinous tinge in certain lights; thelower parts are barium yellow, with dusky edges to the feathers ofthe chest and sides. On the sides of the neck and the center of thechest and belly the vinous plumage of the adult is being assumed.The above large series from Siam compared with three males fromeastern Sumatra are paler below, especially the under tail coverts.The most striking difference, however, is in the color of the throatabove the black jugular band; in all the Siamese specimens this regionhas a dull Indian purple sheen, while in the Sumatran males it islacking or much reduced. Above, the Siamese series averages darkeron the pileum; this difference might not hold in a larger series fromSumatra.Apparently there is little or no difference in size between the twoseries. Ten males from Siam measure: Wing, 102-111 (107.3); taU,58-67.5 (63.9); culmen, 23.5-25.5 (24.5) mm. Three males fromeastern Sumatra: Wing, 105-109.5 (107.5); tail, 58.5-64 (61.2);culmen, 24-25.5 (24.8) mm. ? Ibis. 1920, p. 606. BIRDS FROM SIAIVI AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 247Count Gyldenstolpe ^ has recorded it from Khun Tan and Pa Hingin the north; Lowe ^ Hsts it from Mewong River, 40 miles west of UmPang, western Siam; Robinson and Kloss? from Kao Luang, 2,000feet, Nakon Sritamarat.All Dr. Smith's specimens recorded above, except the one fromTrang, come from eastern and southeastern Siam. It is apparentlyrare in the northern part of its range.The range of the form is from east, central, and south Burma tothe whole of Siam, Laos, Cochinchina, southern Annam, and souththrough Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.E. j. javanicus Horsfield, of which no specimens have been availablefor examination, is confined to western and middle Java ; E. j. hartertiVan Oort to Sumatra and the Rhio Archipelago; E.j. brookei Robinsonand Kloss to Borneo; and E. j. billitonis Kloss to Billiton Island.EURYLAIMUS OCHROMALUS OCHROMALUS RafflesEurylaimus ochromalus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 295, 1822(forests of Singapore and interior of Sumatra).One male and one female, Sichol, Bandon, August 30 and September1, 1929; two males and two females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 16,1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females. Lay SongHong, Trang, September 3 and 21, 1896; one male and one female,Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March 29, 1904. He describes the softparts as: Bill blue at base and middle of lower mandible; sides of thelower and distal two-thirds of the upper pale green; tip and a linealong the commissure black; feet pinkish fleshy; iris bright yellow.Robinson and Kloss '" report it from Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, andTasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, and say these are the mostnortherly recorded for Siam, but in Tenasserim the form reaches itsnorthern limits at Yea, in about latitude 15? N.The form ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Banka, and the NatunaIslands.E. 0. mecistus Oberholser, a somewhat larger form, occurs on PuloTuanku, Banjak Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra; E. o.kalamantan Robinson and Kloss in Borneo.CORYDON SUMATRANUS LAOENSIS de SchauenseeCorydon sumatranus laoensis de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,vol. 80, p. 555, 1929 (Chiengmai, northern Siam).One male, Doi Angka, 2,000 feet, December 8, 1928; one male,Khun Tan, October 24, 1929; one female, Huey Salob, January 2, ' Ibis, 1920, p. 581. ' Ibis, 1933. p. 282. ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 60, 1923.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 203, 1923. 248 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM1933; two males and three females, Ta Fang, January 17, 1933; twomales and one female, Hupbon, November 1, 2, 1931 ; two males, HueyYang, Sriracha, August 6, 1932; one male and one female, Nong Yang,near Sriracha, October 24 and November 16, 1931; one male and twofemales, Kao Semmg, Krat, October 17, 1928; two females, KaoSabap, November 20, 1933; one male and one female, Sichol, Bandon,September 3, 1929, and May 29, 1930; two males and two females, ThaLo, Bandon, September 16 and 28, 1931 ; one male, Kao Luang, NakonSritamarat, July 17, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected sLx males and three females, Trang(Prahmon, April 8, 1896; Tyching, July 21, 1896; Lay Song Hong,August 24-December 5, 1896, and January 1, 1897; near Kao NomPlu, February 27, 1897; Kao Soi Dao, 2,000 feet, February 11, 1899);one female, Endau River, east coast of Johore, June 30, 1901. Dr.Abbott gives the colors of the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; feetblack; orbital sldn dull red; bill dull red, fleshy white at base, hornyblue at tip.De Schauensee originally described this bird from three specimenswith white or very nearly white throats. The United States NationalMuseum has a female from Tenasserim and a male from Raheng,Siam, in similar plumage. Later these were thought to be individualvariations, and they probably are; nevertheless on his last expeditionde Schauensee ^^ secured additional material, and while no more weresecured lilce the type series, he found upon comparison with Sumatranspecimens that the northern Siamese bird is separable by its palerthroat, deeper black plumage, both above and below, and its duskychin and upper throat. The series collected by Dr. Smith confirmsthis. The specimens secured by Dr. Abbott in Trang are intermediatebut nearer the northern race and for the present are placed -wnth it.The Trang birds are blacker than a series from Sumatra; the throatsaverage considerably lighter but are darker than northern Siamesespecimens. The female from Johore resembles Trang specimens.Two specimens from Daban, southern Annam, are like the northernSiamese skins.Two immature males taken by Dr. Smith at Huey Yang, Sriracha,August 6, have the throat and chest dusky, only a few pale yellowishfeathers appearing on the upper throat. The apparently adult birdswith white or nearly white throats may be birds in their first adultplumage.The form ranges from northern Siam to Tenasserim and down Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, east to Laos, Cochinchina, andnorthern and southern Annam. It occurs nearly all over Siam properand down Peninsular Siam to Trang or farther. 11 Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol, 86, p. 245, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 249The name Corydon sumatranus (Raffles) ^^ is evidently to be used forthe species. Eurylaimus corydon Temminck ^^ is a nomen nudumwhere first used and was not properly used until about two years later/*while in the meanwhile Raffles had named it.A dark-throated form from Borneo similar to that of Sumatra hasbeen named C. s. brunnescens by Hartert. C. s. sumatranus (Raffles)is confined to Sumatra.CYMBIRHYNCHUS MACRORHYNCHUS MALACCENSIS Salvador!Cymhirhynchus malaccensis Salvadori, Atti Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, vol. 9,p. 425, 1874 (Malacca).Three males and three females, Bangnara, Patani, May 30, 1924,July 5-12, 1926; one female. Ban Peng Sao, Nakon Sritamarat, July 27,1928; one female, Pak Bhayoon, Nakon Sritamarat, July 4, 1928; twofemales, Bandon, January 7, 1927; two males and four females, Tha Lo,Bandon, September 13-16, 1931; two females, Pran, May 26, 1928;April 2, 1931 ; two males, three females, and one unsexed, Muang Kan-buri, April 9-11, 1928; three males and three females, Nong Khor, nearSriracha, September 23, 1925, February 12, 1927 ; one female. Ban TarnDam, near Sriracha, March 6, 1930; one male and one female, Sakeo,near Krabin, May 3, 1928; four males and one female, Kao Seming,Krat, October 10-15, 1928, August 27, 1931 ; one set of four eggs. BanSadet, May 25, 1925. Dr. Smith describes the soft parts as: Irisgreen; bill greenish blue; legs blue.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two males and sixfemales, Trang (Tyching, May 29-July 3, 1896; Lay Song Hong,September 30, 1896; Chong, January 21, 1897; near Kao Nok Ram,January 4, 1899); one male, Packa, Trengganu, September 27, 1900,and one female, Bok Pyin, Tenassermi, Februarj^ 11, 1900. He alsotook three sets of three eggs each in Trang, May 29, 30 and June 19,1896; all with incubation begun. He describes the soft parts as: Billpale blue, the lower mandible orange, except along the commissure;feet leaden blue, soles brownish yellow; iris emerald-green.Two of the specimens collected by Dr. Abbott in Trang and the onefrom Tenasserim have the under tail coverts ochraceous-tawny, andtwo others from Trang and the one from Trengganu are similar buthave a garnet-broMn wash. Strange to say, none in the large seriescollected by Dr. Smith matches them; they have the under tail covertsred like the breast. As all the birds from Trang do not possess thischaracter, I conclude it is an individual variation. As Robinson andKloss ^? have remarked, there is a progressive increase in the amount " Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 303, 1822." Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseJiux, livr. 22, in text, May 1822.? Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux, livr. 44, pi. 297, described on same leaf with pi. 261,March 1824.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 207, 1923. 250 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM of white in the tail from the southern part of the range toward thenorthern. It is variable, however.Chasen and Kloss '? record this broadbill from the Raheng District,western Siam ; Lowe ^^ encountered it 40 miles east of Um Pang in thesame general region ; Kloss ^* records it from Lat Bua Kao in the east.These records seem to define the limits of its distribution to the west,north, and east in Siam, whence it has been found from the south-eastern part of the country westward and south throughout Penin-sular Siam.The range of the fonn extends from Cochinchina and Cambodiawestward through the southern half of Siam to Tenasserim anddown Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.C. m. macrorhynchus (Gmelin) has httle or no white in the tail anda large bill and is confined to Borneo.C. m. lemniscatus (Raflles) occurs in Sumatra and Banka. It issimilar to the mainland form but has a larger bill; it is doubtfullydistinct.Seven males from Borneo measure: Wing, 96-105 (101.6) ; tail, 82-92(86.9); culmen, 24.5-26.5 (25.5) mm. Three males from Banka (1)and Sumatra (2): Wing, 100.5-107.5 (102.7); tail, 80-91 (85.3);culmen, 24-26.5 (25.3) mm. Four males from Trengganu (1) andPatani (3): Wing, 97-105 (101); tail, 76-86 (82.7); culmen, 23.5-24.5(24) mm. Four males from Trang (2) and Bandon (2): Wing, 94-101(96.6); tail, 76-86 (82.9); culmen, 22-23.5 (22.6) mm. Ten malesfrom southwestern (2) and southeastern (8) Siam measure: Wing,99-105 (102); tail, 84-90 (87.8); culmen, 22.5-25 (23.4) mm.Only one specimen has been available for examination from theMalay States (Trengganu), except for some old Malacca sldns.SERILOPHUS LUNATUS LUNATUS (Gould)Eurylaimus lunatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1833, p. 133, 1834 (Rangoon,Burma) . One male and one female, Khun Tan, September 2, 1030; onefemale, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,300 feet. May 11, 1933; one male andtwo females, Doi Hua Mot, August 13, 27, 1934. Dr. Smith givesthe soft parts as follows: Bill pale turquoise, pale yellow at the base;lower lid pale lemon; legs and feet pale green, nails pearly green;iris brown.De Schauensee '* assigns specimens from Chieng Dao, northernSiam, to S. I. stolidus of Peninsular Siam, but the three abovespecimens do not agree with three from Kao Luang, Nakon Srita-marat. They are lighter on the rump and tertials than the Penin- i? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 172, 1928.I' Ibis, 1933, p. 282.i?Ibis, 1918, p. 114.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 24fl, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 251 sular birds, and if they are not S. I. lunatus they must belong to anunnamed form. For the present I prefer to consider them as belong-ing to the same form as birds from Burma, though I have not examinedany from the latter country.The form has been taken in northern Siam by several collectors,Lowe ^? found it in small parties 28 miles east of Um Pang to theMeping River, western Siam; Robinson and I^oss ^^ report it fromTapli, Pakchan Estuary, and Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam,which is the limit of its range to the south. They found it in drybamboo jungle at Tapli and in deeper, more evergreen jungle atTasan. Deignan ^^ reports it ranging on Doi Sutep between 2,600-4,500, and de Schauensee took his Chieng Dao specimen at 4,000?4,600 feet.The form ranges from Pegu and Karenni to southern Tenasserim,the South Shan States, Burma, and northern, western, and northernPeninsular Siam.SERILOPHUS LUNATUS STOLIDUS Robinson and KlossSerilophus lunatus stolidus Robinson and Kloss, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 40,p. 16, 1919 (Kao Nawng, Bandon, Peninsular Siam).Tliree males, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 19, 1928.These three specimens agree with the original description in havingdeeper-colored inner secondaries and tertiaries and the drab, less ful-vous ear coverts. The rumps are also darker.At present this form is loiown only from the middle portion ofPeninsular Siam (Bandon, Nakon Sritamarat, and Tung Song)'.S. I. rothschildi Hartert and Butler, of the mountains of the MalayStates, has not been available for examination. It is said to have adeeper, brighter rump and secondaries than S. I. stolidus. It mayextend into western Patani.SERILOPHUS LUNATUS ELISABETHAE La ToucheSerilophus lunatus elisabethae La Totjche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 42, p. 14,1921 (Hokovv, southeastern Yunnan).One male and one female, Kao Lem, Sankambeng Range, easternSiam, December 28, 1930; one male, Lamton Lang, June 1, 1934,The two specimens from Kao Lem agree fairly well with a specimenreceived in exchange from the Paris Museum from North Annam.This form is grayer and has a deeper-colored rump and inner flightfeathers than S. I. stolidus. The specimen from Lamton Lang is not " Ibis, 1933, p. 283. >' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 205, 1923.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 156, 1931. 252 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSO deeply colored as the Kao Lem birds and is without the whitejuglar collar; it may not be fully adult.The form ranges from southeastern Yunnan and Tonkin to Laos,Annam, and eastern Siam. Stuart Baker's ^^ record from Hupbonprobably belongs here.Two other races of this species have been named: S. I. polinotusRothschild from Hainan and S. I. intensus Robinson and Kloss fromSumatra. PSAUISOMUS DALHOUSIAE DALHOUSIAE (Jameson)Eurylaimus dalhousiae Jameson, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ., vol. 18, p. 389,1835 (northern India).Two males and three females, Khun Tan, October 16, 25, 1929,August 26 and September 2, 1930; one male, Doi Hua Mot, August24, 1934; one male, Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), April 30, 1931; onefemale, Ivlnm Tan Mountains, 3,000 feet, May 13, 1933; two malesand one female, Kao Pae Pan Nam, Lamsak, February 18-19, 1934.Dr. Smith also secured a male at Pang Wua Yao, eastern Burma,January 27, 1933.Strange to say, this bh'd has not been recorded from PeninsularSiam, though it is well know^n in the Malay States. As yet the formhas been recorded from Siam only from the northern and westernparts of the country.Chasen and Kloss ^* state that specimens examined by them fromthe Raheng district are somewhat different from birds from DoiSutep, but the United States National Museum received a part ofthis Raheng collection, consisting of five specimens, and they aresomewhat worn and, allowing for wear, can be matched or nearly soby a specimen from Khun Tan.I have examined only one specimen from the Malay States, afemale from Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahang Boundary. It is moreof a grass, less yellowish, green than northern birds above and a palergreen below. It probabl}'^ belongs to the Sumatran form, as Chasenand Kloss ^^ have suggested.Psarisomus dalhousiae dalhousiae ranges in the Himalayas fromKuman east to eastern Assam south through Burma to western andnorthern Siam, Laos, and Tonkin. P. d. ysittacinus (Mliller) inhabitsSumatra and probably the Malay States. P. d. borneensis Hartertoccurs in northwestern Borneo.Only one rather poor skin has been examined from India and noneat all from Sumatra. This Indian specimen has more green at the baseof the outer tail feathers and the neck tufts have less white thannorthern Siam specimens. It is also a bluer green, but this may bedue to a^e.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 419, 1919." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 237, 1932. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 253Dr. Smith took an immature female at Khun Tan, September 2. Itis of about adult size, but it is in a plumage quite different from theadult. It may be briefly described as follows: Head green, blackishon the nape; lores green; spot in front of eye and patch below eyecitron yellow; supra-auricular tuft lemon-yellow; auriculars blackish,washed with green and light yellow; neck patch picric yellow washedwith light green; remainder of upperparts green as in the adult; throatpicric yellow washed with light green; remainder of lowerparts vander-poel green; wings similar to the adult; tail peacock green, bluish alongthe shaft of the feathers on the inner web, all but the central feathersblackish on the inner web beyond the bluish shaft line. An immaturemale from Doi Hua Mot, August 24, is similar, except that it has afew blue feathers on the nape.Gyldenstolpe records it from Pa Hing ^^ and from Meh Nja Min ^;Deignan -^ states that it is rare on Doi Sutep at 3,500-4,600 feet.Lowe ^ found it 28 miles east of Um Pang.PSABISOMUS DALHOUSIAE CYANICAUDA RileyPsarisomus dalhousiae cyanicauda Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48,p. 54, 1935 (Kao Sabab, southeastern Siam).Five males and four females, Kao Sabap, January 8, 1930, November16-20, 1933.This series differs from a still larger series from northern and westernSiam in being darker, less yellowish, green above; below the greenhas a more bluish cast; the most pronounced difference, however, isin the color of the tail. In specimens from southeastern Siam it isnear paris blue, while m northern birds it is more of an Italian blue.In cyanicauda there is a reduction of the green edging on the outerweb of the outer tail feathers at the base and it is confined to two orthree ; in northern skins even the middle tail feather has a green edgingon the outer web at the base.An adult male and female from Dran, southern Annam, in theUnited States National Museum seem to belong here.P. d. cyanicauda is more like P. d. psittacinus of Sumatra and theMalay States than the northern form.This form is evidently confined to southeastern Siam, Cambodia,and southern Annam.Five males from southeastern Siam measure: Wing, 97.5-102.5(100.8); tail, 122.5-135.5 (129.5); culmen, 18.5-19.5 (19) mm. Ninemales from northern, central, and western Siam and eastern Burma(1): Wing, 97.5-106 (101.9); tail, 111-126 (120); culmen, 18-19.5(18.8) mm. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Sinm, vol. 1, p. 229, 1916.M Kunpl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 66, no. 2, p. 86, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 156, 1931.>? Ibis, 1933, p. 283.33527?38 17 254 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS CONTINENTIS Robinson and KIossCalypiomena viridis coniinentis Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated MalayStates Mu8., vol. 11, p. 54, 1923 (Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam).Five males and three females, Bangnara, Patani, May 11, 1924,July 4-14, 1926; four adult males, one immature male, and threefemales, Sichol, Bandon, August 31-September 3, 1929, May 16 and27, 1930; one female, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 20, 1931; twofemales, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 1, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott secured three males and three females at LaySong Hong, Trang, September 2-December 24, 1896; three males andtwo females from the eastern coast of Johore (Endau River, June 26-27, 1901 ; Scmbrong River, July 6, 1901 ; and Jambu Luang, August 2,1901); two females from the Rumpin River, Pahang, Juno 10-11,1902. He gives the soft parts as: Iris blackish brown; uppermandible dark horn brown, tip brownish yellow; lower mandiblegreenish lead, tip yellow; feet green.There seems to be no difference in size or color between specimensfrom the Malay States and those from Bandon, I have no birds fromSumatra for comparison. The wings of 15 males from the MalayPeninsula measure 98.5-107 (102.9 ) mm; of four females, 103.5-111.5(105.8) mm.Four males and five females before me from Borneo are darker,less yellowish, green than Malay Peninsula birds; they are alsosmaller. The wings of four males from Borneo measure 94-97 (95.4)mm; of five females, 99-105 (101.8) mm. Wliether Bornean birdsbelong with those from Sumatra I cannot decide without materialfrom the latter island, but Robinson and Kloss seem to regard thebirds from these two islands as the same.The immature male taken by Dr. Smith at Sichol, Bandon, August31, is similar to the adult female but is less yellowish green both aboveand below. It is about adult in size.Gyldenstolpe ^' took a female at Hat Sanuk and observed a few more.This is its most northern record in Siam. Robinson and Kloss ^"record it from Koh Rah, Takuapah; Tapli, Pakchan Estuary, andTasan, Chumporn, and remark that it has been obtained as far northin Tenasserim as Amherst. Robinson ^* reports finding a nest with twohard-set eggs on Kao Nawng, Bandon, June 25, and gives a descriptionof the nest and eggs.The range of the form ts from Amherst, Tenasserim, and Hat Sanuk,Peninsular Siam, southward through Peninsulnr Siam to the MalayStates, and it has been recorded from Cochinchina. ?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 60, no. 2, p. 86, 1916.?? Journ. Nat. Hist. See. Slam, vol. 5, p. 202, 1923. ?i Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 96, 1916. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 255C. V. viridis Raffles is confined to Sumatra and (?) Borneo, A darlierform, C. V. siberu Chasen and Kloss, is confined to the MentawiIslands, off the west coast of Sumatra.Family PITTIDAE: PittasANTHOCICHLA PHAYRH PHAYRH BlythAnthocichla phayrii Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 31, p. 343, 1862 (Toung-hoo, Burma).One male, Pang Sok, eastern Siam, August 19, 1926; one male, andtwo females, Kao Pae Pan Nam, Lamsak, February 18-19, 1934.One of the females from Kao Pae Pan Nam is immature. It isabout full grown. The black head markings of the adult are replacedby brown like the back; the chest and sides are spotted or barred withblack; the back is darker brown than the adult, but the lower partsare lighter.I have examined no birds from northern Siam, but two males fromKlong Menao, southeastern Siam, do not seem to differ appreciably.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Pak Koh and Khun Tan, northernSiam; Robinson ^^ from Ok Yam, Franco-Siamese boundary, andKlong Menao, southeastern Siam; de Schauensee ^* also took a femaleat Khun Tan at about 3,500 feet, and found it not so dark as specimensfrom Bolovens, Laos.The form ranges from Burma east of Sittoung River, Tenasserim,and the Shan States, to northern, eastern, and southeastern Siamand southern Laos.Delacour has named a form from northeastern Tonkin A. p. obscura,PITTA OATESI OATESI (Hume)Hydrornis oatesi Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 477, 1873 (Upper Pegu).One female. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), April 30, 1931 ; two females,Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, February 22 and 24, 1932; one male, KhunTan Mountains, 3,000 feet. May 12, 1933. Dr. Smith notes thecolors of the soft parts as follows: Iris brown; bill above dark brown,below horn; legs pinkish flesh.The male from the Khun Tan Mountains has the throat and chestwashed with light ochraceous-salmon.No specimens are available for comparison. One female fromKhun Tan has little green on the mantle, it being rusty and showingonly a greenish wash in certain lights.Williamson ^^ records the form from Muang Wan, northern Siam; ?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol 56, no. 2, p. 84, 1916." Ibis, 1915, p. 742.?* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 244, 1934. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 24, 1918. 256 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMGyldenstolpe 36 adds the locality Khun Tan; de Schauensee " metwith it at Chieng Dao, 4,500 feet, and at Chiengmai; Deignan '^records it from Doi Angka. Evidently it is not a common bird innorthern Siam.The form ranges from eastern Burma and the southern Shan Statesto Tenasserim, Pegu, and Arakan and eastward to northern Siam.A related form, P. o. castaneiceps Delacour and Jabouille, occurs inTonkin and another, P. o. bolovenensis Delacour, in southern Laos.PITTA CAEBULEA CAERULEA (Baffles)Myiothera eaerulea Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 301, 1822(Sumatra).One female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 23, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and one immature female atLay Song Hong, Trang, August 20 and December 2, 189G; and onemale at Telok Besar, Tenasserim, March 18, 1904.The immature female is about half grown and was collected August20. It may be described as follows: PUeum clay color, lighter on theforehead; feathers of the crown and nape blackish at the base andedges, giving a flammulated appearance; hindneck and sides of neckclay color, with the black bases of the feathers showing through;throat and sides of face cinnamon-buff; a loral streak and postocularextending back to the neck blackish; upperparts fuscous; tail, almosthidden by the coverts, deep orient blue; chest fuscous-black; breasthair brown, the feathers fringed with cinnamon-buff; belly hght buff;under tail coverts dusky ; wing coverts dusky drab with a bluish tingo,border and tip light buff; primary coverts and primaries fuscous-black, the latter dull bluish gray on the outer web, border and tipnarrowly edged with light buff; outer secondaries similar to theprimaries; tertials dull grayish blue.This is somewhat different from the young described by StuartBaker ^^ but his description is probably taken from older birds.Robinson and Kloss *? say that this form is rare in the Malay Statesbut becomes commoner farther north, as they secured several speci-mens from Trang and record two from Tasan, Chumporn. It breedsin the Malay States, however, as Robinson ^' records a half-grownyoung obtained early in November at Pelarit, Perils. Baker " recordsit from Maprit, southwestern Siam, which is about as far north as ithas been obtained in Siam. ?? Ibis, 1920, p. 580.w Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhUadelphia, vol. 86, p. 244, 1934. ?? Journ. Siam Nat. Uist. Soc. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 64, 1935.??The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 3, p. 448, 1930. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 220, 1924. "Journ. Federated Malay States Miis., vol. 5, p. 20, 191?" Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 417, 1919. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 257The form ranges from Nwalabo Mountain, Tenasserim, souththrough Peninsular Siam to the Malay States and Sumatra. TheBornean form has been separated as P. c. hosei Stuart Baker,PITTA CYANEA CYANEA BIythPitta cyanea Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 1008, 1843 (Arrakan).Two males, one adult, and one immature female, Khun Tan,August 24-30, 1930. Dr. Smith also took an adult male not far overthe border in eastern Burma, January 27, 1933. He describes thesoft parts as follows: Iris dark brown; bill black; legs pale pinldshflesh.The immature female from Khun Tan was taken August 24. It ismolting from the spotted juvenal plumage into the postjuvenal andthe change is almost completed. The juvenal plumage is still retainedon the head, chest, sides of breast, mantle, and wing coverts.No suitable material is available for comparison.This pitta has been taken in northern, central, and western Siam,but it has not been taken farther to the southwest than the Petchaburidistrict, where it has been reported by Gairdner.*^ Herbert reportsa nest and five eggs found by his collector at Cliiengrak Noi, centralSiam, June 14, and gives a description of them."The form ranges from the sub-Himalayas of Bhutan to easternAssam, Cachar, Tippera, Chittagong, and Manipur to southernTenasserim and east to northern, western, and central Siam.PITTA CYANEA AURANTIACA Delaconr and JabonillePitta cyanea aurantiaca Delacour and Jabouillb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 48jp. 130, 1928 (Bokor, South Cambodia).Two females, Kao Bantad, Krat, December 22 and 29, 1929; threemales and one female, Kao Sabap, October 23-November 22, 1933.This form can readily be distinguished from P. c. cyanea by thegrenadine-red instead of scarlet nape.It has been taken also in southeastern Siam by de Schauensee, whoreports it from Chantaboon," but Kloss took it at Klong Menao manyyears previously.*^The form is confined to southeastern Siam and southern Cambodia.In the mountains of southern Annam and mountains of Laos arelated form P. c. willoughhyi Delacour, is found. It differs fromaurantiaca in having the blue of the chest more purplish, the chesttinged with peach red, and the nape a deeper scarlet even than inP. c. cyanea and consequently deeper than in aurantiaca. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Plam, vol. 1, p. 149, 1915.** Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 29R, 1924." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, pp. 4, 246, 1934.? Robinson, Ibis, 1915, p. 742. 258 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPITTA MOLUCCENSI9 (MUller)Turdus moluccensis Muller, Natursystem, Supplements, p. 144, 1776 (Moluccas,error; Tenasserim <').Two males and one female, Lat Bua Kao, July 29-August 11, 1929;one male and one female, Pak Chong, May 4, 1926, June 21, 1934,one male, Lam lOong Lang, Pak Chong, June 9, 1925; one male,Sakeo, near Krabin, May 6, 1926; one immature male, Nong Mong,Krabin, August 20, 1925; one male, Lamton Lang, May 30, 1934;two females. Ban Sadet, Sriracha, May 31-Juno 2, 1925; two adultmales and two immature males, Huey Yang, Sriracha, August 1-7,1932; one male, Muang Kanburi, April 16, 1928; one male, Pran,May 26, 1928; one male, Koh Lak, June 6, 1933; one male, Kao SoiDao, Trang, January 6, 1934; one female, Yala, Patani, February 2,1931. One set of four eggs, Pran, May 29, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected nine males and four females in Trang(Tyching, April 24-July 2, 1896; Chong, January 21, 1897; near baseof Kao Nom Plu, March 10, 1897); one male, Pulo Langkawi, Decem-ber 8, 1899; one female, Pulo Rupat, Straits of Malacca, March 15,1906. He also took four sets of eggs in Trang as follows: Three offour eggs each, May 29, June 19 and 21; one of five eggs, July 2; sixeggs from two nests, July 1 1 ; also a nest of five half-fledged young wasbrought to him, June 22 ; these evidently were not saved, as they arenot among his specimens. All were taken in 1896. He gives the softparts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; feet purplish fleshy.This species occurs rather regularly all over Siam ; it is migratory inthe north and perhaps partially so farther south. Gyldenstolpe **records it from Ban Mehna and Pa Hing, northern Siam. Robinson "records it from Pulo Dayang Bunting, Langkawi, and Terutau; pre-viously he had recorded it from Koh Samui, ofi" Bandon,?? and there arerecords from all sections of the country. Robinson took a set of fivehard-set eggs at Ban Kok Klap, Bandon; the date is not given, butthe party was at this locality between June 29 and July 6. He alsofound nestling birds." Herbert " took a nest and four eggs at Chien-grak Noi, central Siam, June 24.A male taken by Dr. Smith at Lat Bua Kao, August 11, has moltedall the feathers of the head and neck at one time and left it perfectlybare. The pinfeathers are just coming in. If this is the usual styleof molt and not accidental, it is rather unusual. " Stuart Baker, The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 3, p. 450, 1930. This seems a very unlikelytype locality for this early dale." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2. p. 85, 1916." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus.. vol. 7. p. 167, 1917.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 6, p. 147, 1915. ?i Ibid., p. 97." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 297, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 259The species ranges from Aracan and Pegu to Tenasserim, Burma,Siam, Cambodia, Cochinchina, and Laos and south through Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Borneo, and some of theadjacent islands.Oberholser " named the bird from the Island of Nias P. m. lepta.He evidently founded the form upon size alone and upon two malesonly from Nias and a female from Pulo Tuanku, Banjak Islands.No other differences are mentioned in the original description and Ihave found none. Even size in such a small series is not diagnosticand for the present this name is better not recognized until more ma-terial has been examined.The two males from Nias measure: Wing, 119-120; tail, 38-39.5;culmen, 25-26 mm. Six males from eastern Sumatra: Wing, 120-130(126); tail, 41.5-44 (42.8); culmen, 26.5-28.5 (27.5) mm. One malefrom central Borneo: Wing, 130; tail, 43; culmen, 26 mm. Ninemales from Langkawi (1) and Trang (8): Wing, 122-129.5 (125.7);tail, 40-46 (42.9) ; culmen, 25-28 (26.7) mm. Seven males from south-western, central, and eastern Siam: Wing, 118-131 (125.9); tail,40.5-50 (43.9); culmen, 24-28 (25.7) mm.No birds have been examined from northern Siam. These are evi-dently rare in collections.PITTA MEGAEHYNCHA SchlegelPitta megarhyncha Schlegel, De vogels Nederlandsch Indie, p. 32, pi. 4, fig. 2,1863 (Banka).Dr. W. L. Abbott secured a single male in Rupat Strait, easternSumatra, March 1, 1906, and this is the only specimen of this speciesin the United States National Museum.This is a rare bird in Peninsular Siam. Robinson and EJoss "record it from Pulo Terutau in March and Pulo Karimon and PuloBintang, Rhio Archipelago, in August and June and say there is anold mounted bird in the Selangor Museum labeled Pahang. Robin-son " adds the locality Langkawi, and later Robinson and Kloss ^^record a male from the Pangnga River, Peninsular Siam, and state: "Shot among mangroves, outside which this species, at any rate inour experience is never found." This may account for its rarity incollections. It is similar to P. moluccensis but with a much largerbill (36 mm or less).The species ranges from Tenasserim south through Peninsular Siamto the Malay States, Sumatra, Banka, and the Rhio Archipelago.Possibly migratory in the north. ? Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 60, no. 7, p. 8, 1912.M Iliis, 1911, p. 48." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 107, 1917. - Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 221, 1924. 260 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPITTA GRANATINA COCCINEA EytonPitta coccinea Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 104 (Malacca),One female, Rumpin River, Pabang, July 16, 1902, collected byDr. W. L. Abbott.The range of this pitta is from southern Tenasserim southwardto Singapore. Though it has been taken not uncommonly in theMalay States, I have seen no records from Peninsular Siam, but itmust occur there, however, since it is found in Tenasserim.In Borneo the related form, P. g. granatina Temminck, is found.PITTA CUCULLATA CUCULLATA HartlaubPitta cucullata Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 65 (Malacca).One male, Koh Kut, May 24, 1929; one male, Kao Sabap, June 30,1931.This form very probably occurs nearly all over Siam, but so faras Icnown to me it has never been taken in northern or eastern Siam.Most of the records come from Peninsular Siam, where it is migratory,according to Robinson and Kloss.*^It breeds in southeastern Siam, as Herbert *** reports a set of foureggs taken by his collector at Hupbon, June 27, and gives a descriptionof the eggs.The United States National Museum possesses a male from south-west of Laichau, Tonldn, taken May 27. It is varleys green above,while the two males from southeastern Siam are hellebore green onthe upperparts; the pilcum is a brighter, more russet brown, the blackneck band is broader, and the shoulder patch and rump are a brighter,deeper blue, also. It measures: Wing, 109.5; culmen, 23 mm. Thetwo males from southeastern Siam measure: Wing, 108-118; culmen,21.5-23 mm.The range of the present form extends from the IlimaJayas ofNepal to eastern Assam, eastern Bengal, Burma, Siam, and Tonkinand south through Peninsular Siam to the Malay States and Sumatra.In the Nicobars a related form, P. c. abbotti Richmond, is found;P. c. hangkana Schlegel occurs on Banka and Billiton.PITTA SORDIDA MULLERI (Bonaparte)Brachyurus mulleri Bonaparte, Conspectus generum avium, vol. 1, p. 256, 1850(Celebes, error; Borneo).One male, Bangnara, Patani, July 18, 1926.This bird apparently has not been recorded before from Siam or theMalay States. It is readily distinguished from P. c. cucullata byhaving the pileum entirely black. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 5, p. 221, 1924.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 207, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 261The range is Borneo, Java, Banka, and Sumatra; accidental (?) inPeninsular Siam. A closely related form, P. s. sordida (Miiller), isfound in the Philippines and another, P. s. sanghirana Schlcgel, on theSanghir Islands. EUCTCHLA GURNEYI (Hume)Pitta gurneyi Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 3, p. 296, pi. 3, 1875 (southernTenasserim) . Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male and female in Tenasserim (SungeiBalik, February 26 and Telok Besar, March 1904). He gives the softparts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; feet pale fleshy.This species occurs rather commonly in Peninsular Siam and hasbeen taken from Koh Lak in the north, south to Trang, but not muchfarther, according to Kobinson and Kloss.^^ These authors reportthat more than 30 specimens have been taken ^? in Trang, and ithas been collected from various points to the northward. Herbert ?^records a set of four eggs taken by his collector at Klong Wang Hip,Tung Song, Peninsular Siam, October 9, and gives a description ofthem. EUCICHLA IRENA (Temminck)Pitta irena Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colori6es d'oiseaux, livr. 100,text to pi. 591, not figured, 1836 (northern Sumatra).One male and two females, Sichol, Bandon, August 29, 31, 1929,and May 21, 1930; two males and two females, Kao Chong, Trang,August 29-30, 1933; six males and two females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang,December 27, 1933-January 28, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected six males and two females in Trang(Prahmon, April 8, 1896; Lay Song Hong, August 20-December 2,1896; Kao Nok Ram, January 7, 1899).Two males from Sumatra in the United States National Museumcompared with the mainland series are a deeper, more reddish, brownon the back; below, the blue of the breast is brighter and not so dark;the red barring on sides of chest is purer. The mainland bird maybelong to a different race.This form ranges from Sumatra to the Malay States and northwardthrough Peninsular Siam to Tasan, Chumporn, whence Robinson andKloss " report specimens. Robinson *^ reports taldng a nest withthree eggs on Kao Nawng, 700 feet, June 10, and gives a descriptionand measurements of the eggs.This species is sometimes treated as a race of Eucichla guayana, butit is so widely different that to so treat it, is to ignore these fundamen-tal dissimilarities. " Journ. Siam fioc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, p. 222, 1924. ?oibis, 1911, p. 49. ?1 Journ. Nat. Hist. See. Siam, vol. 6, p. 298, 1924." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. vol. 5, p. 223, 1924.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mas., vol. 5, p. 97, 1916. 262 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFamily ALAUDIDAE: LarksMIRAFRA ASSAMICA MARIONAE BakerMirafra assamica marionae Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 36, p. 34, 1915(Ayuthia, central Siain).Two males and one female, Koh Lak, June 5, 1933; one male,Potaram, February 4, 1926; three males, Ban Pong, September 17,18, 1929; one unsexed, Nong Kae, May 6, 1929; two females, Chieng-mai, November 24, 1928; one male and one female, Noan Wat,February 14, 1929.The only specimen of M. a. assamica available for comparison has alonger, heavier bill, less heavily streaked upperparts and chest, andthe wing is longer.The form ranges from Tenasserim through Siam to Assam and eastto Cochinchina, Cambodia, and southern Annam. It apparentlyoccurs all over Siam proper in suitable locaUties and as far to the south-west as Koh Lak. MIRAFRA JAVANICA WILUAMSONI BakerMirafra cantillans williamsoni Baker, Bull. Brit, Orn. Club, vol. 36, p. 9, 1915(Bangkok, Siam),Fifteen males and nine females, Bangkok, September 2, 1923,February 7, 1924, November 11, 1925, June 23-October 30, 1926; onefemale, Nakon Patom, April 10, 1926; one male, Nong Kae, May 7,1929; one male. Bung Borapet, March 25, 1933; one male, BungTabgrit, March 27, 1933.A small series of M. j. javanica is huffier and browner above andhuffier below and the bills are much heavier than in williamsoni.Five immatures were collected by Dr. Smith in June, five in August,and one September 6. They are about adult size, none very young.The plumage greatly resembles the adult above but is darker and lacksthe cinnamon-buff edgings; the feathers are more truncate at the tipand are narrowly edged with light buff; the crest is short, clove brown,the feathers truncate with a narrow huffy fringe; below they are muchlike the adult but Ughter, the chest streaks less clearly defined oralmost absent.Herbert ^'^ states that they breed around Bangkok in May and Juneand as late as the end of July; he describes the nest and eggs. Kloss ^*took a single female at Lat Bua Kao. This specimen is now in theUnited States National Museum and is darker below than any speci-men in the considerable series collected by Dr. Smith; it is also huffierand more grayish above. It may belong to the form described byDelacour "^ from Honquan, Cochinchina, as M. j. beavlieui.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 217, 1923. ?? Ibis, 1018, p. 222.M L'Oiseau, new .ser., vol. 2, p. 616, 1932. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 263The male taken at Nong Kae, May 7, by Dr. Smith almost lacksthe chest streaks, and the light edges to the feathers above have dis-appeared through wear, maldng a quite different looldng bird.The range of the form extends from eastern Tenasserim to centralSiam. ALAUDA GULGULA HERBERTI HartertAlauda arvensis herberti Hartert, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, p. 149, 1923(near Bangkok, Siam).Five males, two females, and one unsexed, Bangkok, August 3-November 3, 1926.Two specimens, taken August 3, are birds of the year but nearly ofadult size.This is a small dark form of skylark that I have been unable tocompare with A. g. gulgula.Williamson " found it resident at Bangkok and procured young inApril and May. Herbert ^* reports it nesting there from early in May,or earlier, to the end of June or into July and described the nest andeggs; Kloss^^ reports it from Koh Lak; de Schauensee ^? from Petrieu.As far as known, this form ranges from southeastern Tenasserim tosouthwestern and central Siam.Family HIRUNDINIDAE: SwallowsDEUCHON URBICA CASHMERIENSIS (Gould)Chelidon cashmeriensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858, p. 356 (Cashmere).Two females, Sichol, Bandon, May 17, 1930.These two specimens agree fairly well with a pair from the mountainsof Szechwan, except the throat and chest are more grayish. Thisseems to be a more southern record than any made so far and an excep-tionally late date. The wings measure 104.5 and 108 mm, whichseems to be rather large for the form. Five females from Szechwanmeasure 97-102 (100 mm). Hartert '^ gives 97-104 mm.De Schauensee ^^ took specimens on Doi Sutep, where it did notoccur below 4,500 feet; Deignan ^^ states that it occurs on Doi Sutepfrom November to April.The form breeds from the Himalayas of Kashmir through the highmountains to western Szechwan to Kansu, China, migrating farthersouth to winter. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 205, 1917. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 216, 1923." Ibis, 1918, p. 221. '? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 239, 1934." Die Vogel der palaarktischcn Fauna, Band 1, Heft 6, p. 810, 1910." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 560, 1930." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 153, 1931. 264 BULI^TIN 172, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRIPAHIA CHINENSIS CHINENSIS (Gray)Hirundo chinensis Gray, Illustrations of Indian zoology, vol. 1, no. 2, pi. 35, fig.3, 1830 (China).One male and two females, Hang Turn Kai, January 15, 1933. Dr.Smith collected these in holes at night. He also took a male and afemale at Mehick, Burma, January 13, 1933.The only specimens with which I have been able to compare theabove series arc three males and one female from Luzon, which arecertainly darker above; below the throat and chest are darker also,but the size is about the same. The wings of the four Luzon birdsmeasure 83-90 (86.8 mm); the five Burma (2) and Siamese (3) speci-mens, 84-91 (88 mm).Gyldenstolpe ^* found it common in Chienghai and along some ofthe larger rivers of northern Siam. De Schauensee ^* reports itcommon over the Mekong and Mekoke. Lowe '? records it fromUm Pang.The form breeds practically all over India east to Assam, Burma,northern Siam, Laos, Tonkin, Annam, Yunnan, and Formosa. Thebird found in the Philippines is different and has been named Ripariachinenns tantilla Riley." Stuart Baker ^* gives Hirundo chinensisGray as being preoccupied by Hirundo sinensis Gmelin, 1789, butunder Article 34 of the International Rules of Zoological Nomen-clature the two are not homonyms.KBIMNOCHEUDON CONCOLOn SINTAUGENSIS BakerKrimnochelidon concolor sintaugensis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 54, p. 24,1933 (Sintaug, 6,000 feet, Shan States).One adult and one immature male, Doi Nangka, November 10,1930, April 28, 1931 ; one adult female, Doi Hua Mot, August 12, 1934.The two specimens taken at Doi Nangka were recorded as Krimno-chelidon concolor,''^ as the present form had not been separated at thattime and no specimens were (or yet are) available for comparison. DeSchauensee ^? secured two specimens at Chiengao, 4,500 feet, January12, 17, and one at Chiengniai, 4,500 feet, July 13, These are all theSiamese specimens known to me.The immature male taken by Dr. Smith at Doi Nangka was col-lected April 28.The form ranges from the Shan States eastward to Siam, Laos,Tonkin, and Annam. '? Kungl. Svenslta Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 58, no. 2, p. 83, 1910.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 660, 1930.w Ibis. 1933, p. 270." Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48. p. 147, 1935.? The fauna of nritlsh India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 7, p. 225. 1930 '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 155, 1933. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 88, p. 237. 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 265HYPUROLEPIS JAVANICA ABBOTTI OberholserHypurolepis javanica abbotli Oberholser, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 98, p. 32, 1917(Pulo Mariguan, Anamba Islands).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two males and threefemales, Pulo Langkawi, December 1, 8, 1899; three males and twofemales, Mergiii Archipelago (Loughborough Island, January 25, andBentnick Island, March 10, 1900); one female, Packa, Trengganu,-September 26, 1900.This series agrees fairly well with the typical series from the AnambaIslands in color and size. The female from Trengganu is a bird of theyear, with pale throat, no bay-colored forehead, and the upperparts,except the middle of the back, dull fuscous and glossless.Williamson *' records it breeding on Koh Sichang, Koh Phai, andKoh Phra, Inner Gulf of Siam. Robinson and Kloss *^ obtained amale on Pulo Langkawi in June; Robinson*^ records it from KohMuk (Trang), Pulo Terutau, and Pulo Tengah, in addition to Lang-kawi, and states that it is a common resident all along the coast ofthe Malay Peninsula; Robinson and Kloss** state that Williamsonhas a male taken at Koh Lak and that it is a common resident every-where in open country and on the coast (in the Malay Peninsulaand southwestern Siam).Birds of this genus seem to be partial to the seacoast and smallislands off the coast.The form has a wide range occurring from the coasts of Cambodiaand southeastern Siam to southwestern Siam, southern Burma,Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula, Anamba Islands, and probablysome adjacent island groups.fflRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURAUS ScopoliHirundo gutturalis Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 96, 1786(Panay, Philippines).Two females, Sakon Nakon, March 11, 13, 1929; one male, NongKhor, near Sriracha, March 3, 1926; one female, Bandon, January 4,1927; three females, Koh Tao, Bandon, September 23, 1928; twomales and one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 13, 18, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: One male, TanjongKalong, Singapore, October 24, 1899; two males and two females,Bok Pyin, Tenasserim, February 11, 13, 1900; one male, VictoriaPoint, Tenasserim, December 16, 1900; one female, Packa, Treng-ganu, September 26, 1900.In the largo series of this form in the United States NationalMuseum (mostly migrants), there are a few that have the underparts ?> Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 23, 1918.Mlbis, 1911, p. 50. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 166, 1917 ** Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 224, 1924. 266 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM vinaceous-cinnamon or tinged with this color, but they are all appar-ently birds of the year, and this color is lost as the breeding seasonapproaches and the underparts become white from the chest down-ward. Most of the birds listed above are immature and are molting.The molt is not completed apparently until the birds reach thebreeding grounds in x\pril or later.Williamson ^' states that this race occurs from August to about themiddle of May at Bangkok and once on July 23 ; he also found it atKlong-Rangsit, May 29, and observed it in fair numbers on KohPhai, July 17; Deignan ^^ writes that it is irregularly common atChiengmai from July to March. Apparently it is a common migrantand winter resident all over Siam proper and the Malay Peninsula.The form breeds in eastern Siberia and all China and migratessouth in winter through the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago as faras Australia; some winter as far north as southern China and Siam.HIRUNDO HYPERYTHRA BADIA (Cassin)Cecropis badia Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 6, p. 371, 1853(Malacca).One male and two females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 4-18,1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott took two males at Prahmon, Trang, March 21,22, 1896. He gives the bill and feet as black and iris dark brown.Ogilvie-Grant *^ records it from Patani; Robinson and Kloss say ^*that it is found only in the neighborhood of precipitous hills andcliffs; Robinson ^^ records it as common at Bankok Klap, Bandon,and later ^? from Langkawi and Terutau ; Robinson and Kloss fromNongkok, Ghirbi, ^^ and Ronpibun, Nakon Sritamarat.^^Robinson ^^ says that this handsome swallow is associated chieflywith the precipitous limestone hills and quartzite ridges, which occurthroughout the Malay Peninsula, but cease at Kuala Lumpur. Itused to breed near the Klang Gates and Batu Caves near the abovecity in May and June, and in the caves of the Patani States at theend of June and in July.The form ranges from the state of Selangor northward in theMalay Peninsula to about Bandon or a little farther.A smaller and duller-colored form, H. h. hypenjthra, is confined toCeylon.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siain, vol. 2, p. 199, 1917. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 153, 1931.fi Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 95, 1905.M Ibis, 1911. p. 50.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 98, 1915.w Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 166, 1917. ?I Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 103, 1919.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 60, 1923.M The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 174, 1927. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 267HIRUNDO DAURICA NIPALENSIS HodgsonHirundo nipalensis Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. See. Bengal, vol. 5, p. 780, 1836(central region of Nepal).One male and one female, Doi Angka, 3,500 feet, December 7, 1928.These agree better with, specimens from the mountains of Szech-wan than with striolata of Java and the Philippines. The wing of themale measures 118 mm; that of the female, 118.5 mm. Both speci-mens are molting into the breeding plumage, but the process is onlyabout half completed.This apparently is not a common bird in Siam, and there are fewrecords. Williamson ^* first recorded it from Chiengmai as Hirundostriolata. De Schauensee ^^ took specimens at Chiengmai and Chien-grai in winter that were identified as nipalensis. Deignan ^^ statesthat it is irregularly common at Chiengmai and Doi Sutep to 5,500feet between November and July.The form breeds in the Himalayas and the high mountains ofwestern China and in Fokien, eastern and northeastern China, mi-grating south in winter to northern India, Burma, Siam, Tonkin,Annam, and Cochinchina.HIRUNDO SMITHH FHJFERA StephensHirundo fill/era Stephens, General zoology, vol. 13, pt. 2, p. 78, 1826 (India).Dr. Smith took a female at Ban Tung Kwai Tao, Salwin River,Burma, January 12, 1933, and notes it as common. This is only ashort distance from the Siamese boundary. Deignan " has recordedit from the Meping Gorges and on the plain in the Chiengmai regionfrom January 28 to February 14, 1936. It has been taken on theMekong in Laos.The form ranges from Persia to India, the Shan States, Tenasserim,and east to Laos and Annam.Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE: Cuckoo-shrikesPERICROCOTUS FLAMMEUS ELEGANS McClulIandPericrocotus elegans McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 156 (KhasiaHills, Burma).Three males and five females, Doi Hua Mot, August 19-30, 1934;one female, Doi Phi'a Chao, August 6, 1934; four adult males, oneimmature male, and three females, Khun Tan Mountains, 2,000-4,200feet, November 19-23, 1928, and May 18, 1933; eight adult males,two immature males, and three females, Khun Tan, 3,000-4,000 feet,October 18, 23, 1929, August 25-28, 1930, February 16-March 3,M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 23, 1918.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 561, 1930. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 153, 1931. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, pp. 99, 134, 1936. 268 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATION.^L MUSEUM1932; one male, Doi Sutep, February 3, 1932; one male, Chiengdao,January 29, 1932; one male, Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 6, 1931;one male, Doi Buak Hua Chang, December 25, 1932; one male andone female. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 19, 1930; one male, Udon,March 18, 1929; one male. Ban Han, Udon, March 17, 1929; onemale, Aranya, July 19, 1930; two males, Nong Yang, October 20 andNovember 9, 1931; one male. Pang Sok, August 15, 1926; one imma-ture male, Lamton Lang, May 26, 1934; one male, Chantuk, June12, 1934.In the above large series of males, two have the central tail feathersentirely black, five have the base of the central tail feathers black, thenthe outer web red for about two-thirds its length to the tip, one hasthe central tail feathers almost entirely red, except for a narrow blackborder on the outer web; the remainder have the exposed surface ofthe central tail feathers on the outer web red. All the males, excepttwo, have only two outer primaries without red on the outer web;the two exceptions have three outer primaries without red on theouter web.The only difference apparently between elegans find Jlammifer is theaverage smaller size of the latter, but even tliis is not constant.Fourteen males from northern Siam measure: Wing, 90-103 (97.4);tail, 78-95 (87.4); culmen, 13-15 (14) mm. One male (no. 311643)has a longer wing (103 mm) than the average, but it is approached byone or more other males and I am regarding them as only extralarge specimens.I have followed de Schauensee '^ in assigning the above series toP. elegans; with the material at hand it is impossible to say whetherP.f. bakeri La Touche is a synonym.Tills is the common minivet over northern and eastern Siam andgrades in the south into P. J. jiammifer. It ranges from Yunnan tonorthern and eastern Siam and northern Burma; possibly east toTonkin and Laos.PERICROCOTUS FLAMMEUS FLAMMIFER HumePericrocotus Jiammifer Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 3, p. 321, 1875 (Pakchan,southern Tenasserim) . Two males, Bukit, Patani, January 24, 1931; one fem^ale, Patalung,July 8, 1929; one male, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 21, 1928;one male and one female. Ban Kiriwong, Nakon Sritamarat, July 11,1928; one male, Kao Chong, Trang, September 6, 1933; one male,Bandon, January 6, 1929; one male and two females, Sichol, Bandon,May 19, 1930, August 31-September 1, 1929; two males, Tha Lo,Bandon, September 23, 24, 1931; one male and two females, Pran,April 1, 2, 1931; one male, Nong N^m Kiev/, February 15, 1927; one ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. 8ci. PhUadelphla, vol. 86, p. 222, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 269' male and one female, Nong Mong, Krabin, August 20, 1925; onefemale, Nong Khor, Sriracha, November 10, 1920; two m.ales, Sakeo,near Krabin, May 3, 192S; one immature male, Kao Lem, December25, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males, Trang (Prahmon, April5, 1896; Chong, January 21, 1897; Trang, March 2, 1809); one male,Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March 31, 1900; one male, TanjongLaboha, Trengganu, September 30, 1900.Of the 14 adult males in the above series from Peninsular and:southeastern Siam, nine have no red on the outer web of the threeouter primaries, while six have a red spot on the outer web of thethird outer primary. All have the outer web of the central tailfeathers red. Four males from southern and southeastern Siam haveonly the two outer primaries with no red on the outer web; the outerweb of the two central tail feathers is entirely red in all. They aremore or less intermediate between northern Siamese and PeninsularSiamese specimens but are nearer the latter, and I am inclined toplace them there as Robinson has done.?*Eleven males from Penmsular and southwestern Siam measure:Wing, 87.5-93 (89.8); tail, 73.5-81 (77.5); culmen, 13-15 (14) mm.Four males from southeastern Siam: Wing, 92.5-93 (92.7); tail,75-80 (75); culmen, 13-14.5 (13.7) mm.The United States National Museum possesses only one male ofP. J. xanthogaster from Sumatra. It is smaller than flammijer, andfour of the outer primaries are without red on the outer web. Itmeasures! Wing, 77.5; tail, 65; culmen, 12 mm.P./. xanthogaster not only occurs in Sumatra and Borneo but alsoin the southern Malay States as far north as the northern boundaryof Negri Sembilan and Johore. It apparently does not extend northto the Siamese territory. P. j. flammijer ranges from the northernboundary of Selangor and Pahang north through Peninsular Siam toTenasserim and southwestern Siam and extends eastward throughsouthern Siam to southeastern Siam and probably into Cambodia.PERICROCOTUS BREVIROSTRIS AFFINIS (McClelland^Phoenicornis affinis McCi^elland, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 157, 1840(Assam) . Two males, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, February 13, 1932.These two males agree fairly well with three males from westernYunnan, except the wings are slightly smaller. The wings of the two.Siam males measure 86.5 and 90 mm. Three males from Yunnan:93, 93.5, and 94. ?? Birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 151, 1928.33527?38 18 270 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCount Gyldenstolpe ^ reports it from Doi Nga Chang south ofLakorn Lampong under the name P. brevirostris. De Schauensee ^records it from Doi Sutep, 2,500-4,500 feet, December and Chiengsen,January. Mr. Aagaard collected both tliis and P. b. negledus onDoi Sutep as recorded by Chasen and Kloss.^ Later de Schauensee *secured both forms there also, the present one at a lower level, 2,000-4,600 feet, December 11-29.P. 6. affinis ranges from Assam to western Yunnan, northernBurma, and northern Siam.De Schauensee* says that it is not a common bird in the north;possibly it may be only a winter visitor.PERICROCOTUS SOLARIS SOLARIS BIythPericrocotux Solaris Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, p. 310, 1846 (Dar-jeeling).Six males and four females, Doi Nangka, November 5-20, 1930,April 25, 1931; one female. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 5, 1931;one male, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, February 16, 1932; seven males andfour females, Doi Hua Mot, August 12-September 4, 1934.Count Gyldenstolpe * took a few at Khun Tan, recorded as P. s.griseigularis ; de Schauensee' took a male at Chiengmai, recorded asabove; Deignan '' reports it not uncommon on Doi Sutep from 4,600-5,500 feet. Apparently it is a common bird in northern Siam.The reds in tliis form are flame scarlet or even in some specimensorange-chrome, the chin pale gull gray, the throat washed vnth orangeor a lighter yellow, the cheeks neutral gray.The form ranges from Nepal to eastern Assam and northern Burmasouth to northern Siam and Tenasserim.PERICROCOTUS SOLARIS MANDARINUS StresemannPericrocolus Solaris mandarinus Stresemann, Journ. fiir Orn., 1923, p. 363(Lung-tau-shan, Kwantung, China).One male and one female, Kao Kuap, December 24, 1929.This form is apparently new for Siam, unless Count Gyldenstolpe'srecord of P. s. Solaris from Non Luum in eastern Siam should proveto be it.*The form is quite difl'erent from the bird I am calling P. s. Solaris.The reds are brighter, scarlet rather than flame scarlet; the throat ' Ibis, 1920, p. 571. > Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 551, 1929. ' JouTD. Siam Sot. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 242, 1932. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 224, 1934. ? Ibis, 1920, p. 570. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 569, 1928. ' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Ilist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 147, 1931. ? rbis, 1920, p. .570. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 271and cheeks are a darker gray, the former with a mere trace of a yellow-ish wash. In fact, it is more like P. s. montanus of the mountains ofthe Malay States; the latter has a still darker throat and cheeks withno yellowish wash at all on the former.P. s. mandarinus was described from southern China and has sincebeen taken in Tonkin, Laos, and southern Annam, The presentrecord extends it to southeastern Siam.PEKICROCOTUS CINNAMOMEUS VIVIDUS BakerPericrocotus peregrinus vividus Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 40, p. 114, 1920(Altaran River, Burma).Two males and one female, Bangkok, August 18 and October 31,1924; six marked males (three are probably females), Bo Ploi, Kanburi,September 7-9, 1928; one male, Korat, February 16, 1929; one male,Rayasothon, March 23, 1929; one male, Chantuk, June 14, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott took two males in the Mergui Archipelago (St.Luke Island, January 21, 1900, and Domel Island, January 30, 1904);three males, Tenasserim (Tanjong Badak, January 6 and 8, 1900;Champang, December 20, 1903).This race has been taken in northern, eastern, western, and south-western Siam and in Peninsular Siam as far south as Koh Pra Tung,Takuapa Inlet.^Herbert '? states that it breeds in central Siam in March and April,bometimes as late as June; he gives a description of the nest and eggs.De Schauensee," in recording it from Cliiengmai, states that it isuncommon in the north. Deignan '^ says it is only a winter visitorto Doi Sutep.The form ranges from eastern Bengal, Burma, and Siam to Cochin-china. A somewhat larger and more brightly colored race occurs inJava, Bali, and Sumatra, and there are other races in India and Ceylon.PERICROCOTUS IGNEUS IGNEUS BIythPericrocotus ignnis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, p. 309, 1846(Malacca).One male, Bangnara, Patani, July 4, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an inuuature male, Trang, March 2, 1899.The range of the form extends from southern Tenasserim throughthe Malay States to Singapore. Borneo and Sumatra are includedin the range by most authorities, but it seems to me that upon com-parison specimens from these islands \vill prove to be different. Amale specimen from the island of Palawan in the United States ?Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 2,'50, 1924. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nal. Hist. Suppl., vol. 6, p. 108, pi. 8 (nest), 1923. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, vol. 86, p. 225, 1934."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 100, 193G. 272 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMNational Museum has the reds with a more yellow undertone than thePatani male.For some reason there are few Siamese records. Robinson '^ recordsa pair from Bankok Klap, Bandon; Robinson and Kloss ^* state thatthere is a specimen in Williamson's collection from Bangnara, Patani;de Schauensee '^ received three specimens from Nakon Stritamarattaken May 21 and 25.PERICROCOTUS ROSEUS ROSEUS (VleHIot)Muscicapa rosea Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. 21, p. 480, 1818(Bengal).One female, Sikeu, near Korat, February 16, 1926; one male, KhunTan Mountains, 4,000 feet, November 22, 1928; one female, DoiAngka, 2,000 feet, December 8, 1928; one male, Doi Sutep, February3, 1932.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females at Champang,Tenasserim, December 21, 1903.The female from Doi Angka is rather large, wing 92 mm, possiblya young male.Robinson and Kloss ^* took a female on Puket (Junkseylon), Decem-ber 19, 1917, and report " that W. J. F. Williamson took an immaturemale at Bangkok, January, 1916; de Schauensee ^^ also took a youngmale at the same place, March 4, and on his second trip to Siam hesecured specimens on Doi Sutep, 1,500-2,500 feet, in December, andmales at Chiengrai in January '?; Deignan ^? reports it rather rare onDoi Sutep, at 2,700-3,500 feet; de Schauensee ^' on Ms third expeditionsecured a pair at Bua Yai, January 6, 9.The form has a wide range, occurring from southwestern China andTonkin, to Siam, Burma, Assam, and southern Tenasserim.In Siam it is probably only a winter visitor.PERICROCOTUS DIVARICATUS DIVARICATUS (Raffles)Lanius divaricatus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 305, 1822(Singapore . . . also known in Sumatra).One female, Bangkok, April 27, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott took three males and one female, Trang, March24, 1896, January 25, 1897, and January 19, 1899; one male, TclibonIsland, Trang, February 25, 1896; and one male, St. Luke Island^Mergui Archipelago, January 19, 1900. '? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 6, p. 101, 1915.i? Journ. Nat. Hist, Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 249, 1924.>? Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 224, 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 105, 1919." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 249, 1924.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, vol. SO, p. 509, 1928.i? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 551, 1930. "Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 147, 1931.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 225, 1934 BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 273The gray minivet breeds in Japan and eastern Siberia and migratessouth in winter through China, Indo-China, Burma, and Siam to thePhilippines, Peninsular Siam, and the Malay States. In Siam it hasbeen found at Bangkok, Paknam, Koh Lak, Trang, and the island ofPuket."Robinson and Kloss ^ state that it is very common in southwesternand Peninsular Siam throughout the winter.PERICROCOTUS CANTONENSIS SwinhoePericrocotus cantonensis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 42 (Canton, China).One male, Kumpawapi, February 17, 1929.Robinson and lOoss ^^ secured specimens from Nong Kok, Ghirbi,January 5, 1918, and Junkseylon, Peninsular Siam, December, andsay that they have two specimens from Chong, Trang, that they hadpreviously listed as P. cinereus.-^ De Schauensee ^^ lists two specimensfrom Bangkok taken March 2 and 3 ; Count Gyldenstolpe ^^ took asingle specimen at Bang Hue Hom, northern Siam.This minavet breeds in southern China as far west as Szechwan andmigrates in winter to Indo-China, southern Burma, Siam, and downPeninsular Siam as far as Trang.VOLVOCIVORA MELANOPTEHA (Ruppel!)Ceblepyris melanoptera RDppell, Museum Senckenbergianum, vol. 3, Heft 1, p. 25,pi. 2, fig. 1, 1839 (probably New Holland, error; Burma).Campephaga avensis Bltth, Catalogue of the birds in the museum Asiatic Society,p. 327, 1852 (Arakan).Volvocivora intermedia Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 5, p. 205, 1877 (Tenasserim) . Volvocivora koratensis Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 193 (Lat Bua Kao, eastern Siam).One male and two females, Doi Hua Mot, August 30-September 4,1934; one adult male, one adult female, and one immature female,Khun Tan Mountains, November 19 and 21, 1928; one immature maleand one immature female, Khun Tan, September 4, 1930, February19, 1932; one immature female, Doi Sutep, December 15, 1928; oneimmature female. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 4, 1931 ; one male,Pran, April 3, 1931; one male, Bangkok, January 1, 1925; one male,Hupbon, November 2, 1931; one male and one female, Nong Khor,November 15, 1924, and November 10, 1926; two males and onefemale, Nong Yang, November 4, 7, 1931 ; one male and three females,Kao Seming, Krat, October 13, 1928, January 1, 1930; four males andtwo females, Kao Sabap, January 6, 1930, October 30-November 25,1933; one immature female, Koh Chang, January 9, 1926; one male, " Gyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 570.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 250, 1924.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 100, 1919." Ibis, 1911, p. 55. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 570, 1928." Ibis, 1920, p. 670. 274 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMKao Pae Pan Nam, Lomsak, February 18, 1934; one male, Wang"Kien, Kanburi, March 12, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim,February 15, 1900; wing, 130 mm.The female is generally lighter than the male, but some specimensmarked as females are not different from the males. All specimenswith barring below, no matter how faint, I believe are young or havenot entirely acquired fully adult plumage. All the specimens withsome barring below have three or four of the outer primaries beginningwith the third or fourth with a large white spot on the inner webtoward the base. As the birds become older, they get darker, thewings a deeper black, and the white spot on the inner webs of theprimaries seems to disappear. If my supposition is correct that thedark birds represent an age character, then it must take several moltsto reach the fully adult plumage. A female from Nong Yang (no.330940) is much lighter than the fully adult bird, the wings are blackbut have a grayish wash on the outward webs of the primaries, andthe white spot on the inner webs of the primaries commences on thesecond, there is a narrow white interrupted eye ring; and there areindications of faint barring on the belly, I presume it is a specimen inits second year. All the above specimens have the under tail covertsbuffy white, except two males (nos. 330941 and 333999) from Hupbonand Kao Sabap, and they have them light grayish tipped with wliite^Ten males in the above series measure: Wing, 117-126 (122.8) mm.The United States National Museum contains the type of Volvoci-vora koratensis Kloss. It is an immature female of the present specieswith faint bars on the belly and the white patch on the inner web ofthe outer primaries beginning with the third; the lower mandible islight colored.The National Museum also possesses the male from the Raheng dis-trict recorded by Chasen and lOoss ^* as Lalage fimhriata indochinensisIQoss. It is a gray bird, with the wing washed outwardly with grayand the middle tail feathers gray, black toward the tip; the outerprimaries have the white patch on the inner wob toward the base,commencing with the second; there are no bars on the belly. I takeit to be a bird collected after its second or third molt. Its wingmeasures 118 mm; this is too much for the Jimbriata group, and so Iplace it here for the present.It may be that two forms are represented in the above series,but I think it best to regard the differences noted as age rather thangeographic.Lord Rothschild ^^ says he has received V. melaschistos and V.melanoptera from the same localities and regards them as separateM Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 174, 1928.? Nov. Zool., vol. 33, p. 300, 1920. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 275 species for the present, and I am doing the same. One may be migra-tory and the other resident.V. melanoptera ranges from northern Burma to Siam, French Indo-China, and southern China. In Peninsular Siam it has not beenobtained south of Naihut, near Langsuan, unless Miiller's record fromJunkseylon of V. amnsis belongs to this form, as recorded by Robinsonand Kioss.^"In southern China the species is migratory, according to La Touche,'*and in India and northern Siam it may be also ; it breeds in Tenasserim,however. VOLVOCIVORA MELASCHISTOS HodgsonVolvocivora melaschistos Hodgson, Indian Rev., vol. 1, p. 328, 1837 (Nepal).One male, Khun Tan, P'ebruary 13, 1932.This specimen is even darker than a typical bird from the Hima-layas. Above it is a shining greenish black, grayish on the rump,and darker on the wings and tail; below it is dusky neutral gray,slightly paler on the under tail coverts; wing, 124 mm.Possibly this species is only a migrant. Chasen and Kloss ^^ recorda male and female from Doi Sutep, 4,600 feet; Deignan ^^ says it isfairly common on Doi Sutep from 2,000 to 4,600 feet. The speciesranges from the Himalayas to eastern Assam, the plains of Indiafrom latitude 16? N., Burma, and northern Siam.VOLVOCIVORA FIMBRIATA CULMINATA (Hay)Ceblepyris culminatus Hay, Madras Journ. Lit. and Sci., vol. 13, p. 157, 1844(1845) (Malacca).Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male, Trang, February 23, 1899.He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark browTi; bill black; feet dull black.This specimen is lighter than two males from Sumatra, two fromBorneo, and one from Siberut Island; the last is not quite adult andis somewhat lighter than the Sumatra-Borneo birds, which are adult.The two Sumatran males are much darker than the Trang male,one having the pileum, cheeks, and throat blackish, the other a deepneutral gray. The Trang male is neutral gray, somewhat lighter onthe belly and rump.The male from Trang measures: Wing, 104; tail, 73; culmen, 16 mm.Two males from Sumatra: Wing, 92-97; tail, 63-65; culmen, 13.5-15mm. Two males from Borneo: Wing, 94-95. 5; tail, 65-66; culmen,15.5-16 mm. One male from Siberut Island, western Sumatra: W^ing,103; tail, 70; culmen, 15 mm.In color the two Bornean males are similar to the lighter of theSumatran males. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. ."i, p. 253, 1924." A handhook of tiie birds of eastern China, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 202, 1926.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 242, 1932.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 101, 1936. 276 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFrom the above material, birds from Sumatra, Borneo, and Siberutappear diflerent from the mainland form and should be known as V.f.schierbrandi (Pelzeln).V. /. culminata can be distinguished from V. negleda by the tips ofthe three outer tail feathers being narrowly tipped with gray (on theouter only 6 mm long), while in the latter the tips are white and onthe outer feather about 12 mm long.The Trang specimen is the northernmost record in the Peninsula.Robinson and Kloss ^* report a male from Bangnara, Patani, collectedby Aagaard, July 21.This form ranges from Singapore north to Trang. V. f. jimbriata(Temminck), a darker form, is confined to Java and Bali.VOLVOaVORA NEGLECTA NEGLECTA HumeVolvocivora neglecta Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 5, p. 203, 1877 (southern Tenas-serim).One male, Bukit, Patani, January 25, 1931; one male, Kao Luang,Nakon Sritamarat, July 17, 1928; one male, Tha Lo, Bandon, Sep-tember 22, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and two females, Trang(Prahmon, March 5 and 13, 1896; Tyching, May 22, 1896; Kantany,January 16, 1897; Trang, December 26, 1898).The six males have a wing measurement of 98-105 (102) mm.This form varies from slate gray to deep gull gray; the wings andtail are black, the latter with a white tip on the outer feathers about12 mm long decreasing toward the central pair.The lighter-colored specimens appear younger, as a light specimenis molting into a darker plumage.In my opinion this race does not belong to the Jimbriata group.It ranges from soutliern Tenasserim through Peninsular Siam tothe northern Malay States.LALAGE NIGRA NIGRA (Forster)Turdus niger Forster, Indische Zoologie, p. 41, 1781 (India; restricted to Singa-pore) .Lalage nigra brunnescens Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 44, p. 13, 1923 (Klang,Malay Peninsula).One adult male (unsexed) and three immature males, collected byC. Boden Kloss at Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, March 4, May 23,and May 29, 1900, were received from Dr. W. L. Abbott.The form ranges from Penang in the w^est to Singora on the eastcoast of Peninsular Siam south to Singapore, the Nicobars, Sumatra,west and middle Java.Williamson ^^ has recorded it from Singora and Patani. Appar-entlv it is not a common bird in Siam. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 254. 1924. -" Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 60, 1918. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 277GRAUCALUS JAVENSIS SIAMENSIS BakerGraucalus macei siamensis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 38, p. 69, 1918(Mi-nam Kabreu, Siam).One female, Doi Hua Mot, September 4, 1934; one female, DoiPhra Chao (Mem Sawan), August 3, 1934; three males and onefemale, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, August 25, 1930, February 25, 1932;one male, Udon, February 16, 1929; three males, Muek Lek, April26, 1933; one male and one female, Muang Kanburi, April 14 andSeptember 11, 1928; one female. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 8,1928; two males and four females, Pak Chong, February 10 andAugust 22, 1925, May 2, 1926; one not sexed, Tha Chang, Pak Chong,March 14, 1927; one male. Ban Tarn Dam, March 7, 1930; onefemale, Nong Khor, November 11, 1926; one male. Pang Sok, August18, 1926; one male, Knong Phra, April 15, 1929; one male, NakonSritamarat, March 11, 1929.In the adult male the nasal bristles, the loral streak, and a narrowline on the chin are black; the remaining plumage of the body isdark gull gray; belly and crissum white; wings blackish edged out-wardly with color of the back; middle tail feathers like the back;^outer tail feathers black tipped with grayish white, increasing inextent outwardly. The female is like the male, except she is of alighter gray below and lacks the black on the lores, chin, and nasalbristles, but the lores are somewhat darker than the head or throat.Only the immature of both sexes are lightly barred on the breast andbelly with narrow bars of dark gull gray or even lighter.Eight of the adult males measure: Wing, 168-181 (173.6) mm.In the southern Malay States occurs a race that is darker, especiallyabout the throat; it also has the white on the belly much restrictedand almost confined to the crissum. This race is named after theLarut Hills ? G. j. larutensis Sharpe. It may extend into southernPeninsular Siam.There is a male specimen (U. S. N. M. no. 304311) from nearPhong Saly, French Laos, taken June 11. It is in worn plumageand resembles siamensis but is darker above and lighter below withthe whole throat dark like larutensis; it is larger than the latter,however. This specimen I have assigned to G. j. larvivorus, theHainan form. It is certainly not G. j. rex-pineti, with which it hasbeen compared.G. j. siamensis ranges from western Yunnan through Assam andBurma to Siam and southern Indo-China; in Peninsular Siam it occursas far south at least as Nakon Sritamarat, where Dr. Smith took amale recorded above. 278 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL IMUSEUMGRAUCALUS SUMATRENSIS MESSERIS (Oberholaer)Artamides sumatrensis messeris Oberholsek, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.,vol. 16, p. 517, 1920 (Trang, Lower Siam).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the type and one additional male andtwo females in Trang, March 2 and 3, 1899; two females, on PuleTioman, October 14, 1900; and three males on Pulo Bulan, RhioArchipelago, March 17 and 19, 1907.This species is much darker than the javensis form group, withoutthe black frontal bristles, chin, or lores; the male deep neutral gray;the female similar, but the breast and belly with black and whitebars of about equal width.Dr. Richmond recognized this race many years ago and picked outa type but apparently never described it. The form is doubtfullyseparable from sumatrensis, of wluch I have seen no authenticspecimens. Family DICRURIDAE: DrongosDICRURUS ANNECTANS (Hodgson)Buchanga annecians Hodgson, Indian Rev., vol. 1, p. 326, 1836 (Nepal).Two immatures, Lat Bua Kao, August 10, 1929; one adult male,Pak Chong, April 27, 1926; one adult male, Koh Tao, December 31,1926; three immature males and one immature female, Kao Soi Dao,Trang, December 20-27, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected sLx adult males, one immature male,and one immature female in Trang (Telibon Island, February 28,1896; Prahmon, April 3, 13, 1896; Lay Song Hong, December 14, 30,1896; Trang, January 27 and February 4, 1897); one male, theDindings, Straits of Malacca, April 14, 1900; one male, Champang,Tenasserim, December 14, 1903. He gives the soft parts as: Irisdull or dark red ; bill and feet black.This species breeds in the foothills of the Himalaj^as from Nepal toAssam, Chin and Kachin Hills, Shan States, and Karen Hills, Tenas-serim; it migrates south through Laos, Annam, Cambodia, and Siam,and Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Banka, Java, andBorneo.In Siam proper it seems to be rare, as there are few records, but inthe Malay Peninsula it is not uncommon in the winter months,especially on islands off the coast. Robinson and Kloss ^^ say thatout of the immense series of birds that have passed tlirough theirhands (from the Malay Peninsula) not one is dated between April 20and September 22 ; it is a coastal bird and not common inland. Robin-son ^^ records it from Klong Menao, southeastern Siam. The scarcity ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam. vol. 5. p. 341, 1924. ?' Ibis, 1015, p. 761. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 279 or lack of records from Siam proper may be due to the fact that mostof the collecting done there is at a time when the bird is already on itswinter range farther south. Diegnan ^^ reports it common in thelowlands of Nan.The species can readily be distinguished from the other blackdrongos of this genus occurring in Siam by its heavier bill and lessdeeply forked tail.DICRURUS MACROCERCUS CATHOECUS SwinhoeDicruTus cothoecus Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 377 (China, Hainan,and Formosa).Six males and four females, Bangkok, October 2, 4, 1924, October27 and November 2, 1925, November 30, 1926; one male, Pol, Korat,February 16, 1929.This form breeds in Manchuria, northern China, southern China,and the mountains of Szechwan and Yunnan in western China. Itis migratory in the northern part of its breeding range but residentin the south. It winters in southern China, Indo-China, Siam, andBurma.Gyldenstolpe ^^ says it is common in every part of Siam as far southas Koh Lak; Robinson and Kloss *? record it from Namchuk andNamoh, Peninsular Siam, and Koh Lak, the latter specimen takenApril 3. It probably occurs all over Siam in the winter, but it ishard or impossible to tell what records belong to it and what belongto the resident form.Five winter males from Bangkok measure: Wing, 140-147 (143.7);tail, 136.5-145 (140); middle tail feathers, 105-111 (107.3); culmen,21.5-22 (21.7) mm. Five males from China: Wing, 138.5-149(143.9); tail, 130-147.5 (135.8); middle tail feathers, 102.5-115(110.3); culmen, 20-22.5 (21.4) mm.I much doubt that it breeds in Burma, as recorded by StuartBaker.*'In a rather largo series of this form examined from China, I havenever seen in the adult a white rictal spot.DICRURUS MACROCERCUS THAI KlossDicrurus macrocercus thai Kloss, Journ. Federated Malay States Mas., vol. 10,pt. 3, p. 208, 1921 (Koh Lak, southwestern Siam).The United States National Museum possesses a pair of this formcollected by C. Boden Kloss, the male at Koh Lak and the female atTachin. ? Jouru. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl.. vol. 10, p. 169, 1936.?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 20, 1916. October 17, 1929; one female, Doi Sutep,February 3, 1932; one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 21, 1934; onemale, Mesarieng, January 23, 1933; one male, Ban Han, Udon,March 18, 1929.The above series has been compared with a small series from themountains of southern Annam. The latter are somewhat worn; andif we allow for this there seems to be little or no difference in colorbetween the two series and little or none in size,De Schauensee ^^ says that during his stay in northern Siam hefound tliis jay commonly from the plains to the summits of the moun-tains, in all types of jungle. Chasen and Kloss^^ record it fromRaheng,The form ranges from the Kachin Hills, northeastern Burma, souththrough the Shan States to Tenasserim, western, northern, and east-ern Siam and eastward through Laos and Cochinchina to southernAnnam. A closely related form, 0. I. oatesi Sharpe, is found to thewestward in the Chin Hills.PLATYSMURUS LEUCOPTERUS (Temminck)Glaucopis leucopterus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux^livr. 45, pi. 265, 1824 (Sumatra).One male and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 13 and June 8,1924; one male and one female, Yala, Patani, February 2, 1931; onemale and one female, Sichol, Bandon, May 26, 1930; two males andtwo females, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 14-25, 1931; two males,Kao Chong, Trang, September 5, 1933; three males and one female,Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 1-18, 1934. Dr. Smith gives the softparts as: Iris reddish brown; bill and legs black.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, October 4 and December 28, 1896; Trang, March 2,1899); one male and one female, Bok Pyin, Tenasserim, February 11, "Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 86, p. 179, 1934MJourn. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siani, vol. 6, p. 91, 192.i." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 179, 1934.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. SuppL, vol. 7. p. 181. 1928. 310 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM15, 1900; one female, Rumpin River, Pahang, June 22, 1902. Hegives the soft parts as: Iris deep red, carmine-red, or brown; bLU,feet, and claws black.There is Httle or no difference in size between the sexes.Twent3^-two specimens from the Malay Peninsula and Tenasserimmeasure: Wing, 175-200 (186); tail, 169-200 (181); cuhnen, 29-34.5(31.5) mm. Five specimens from Sumatra: Wing, 183.5-206 (195.3);tail, 182-201 (188.4); culmen, 29-35 (32.2) mm.These measurements indicate that the Sumatran bird may be some-what larger, but the difference is hardly great enough to warrantseparation at this time.The species ranges from Sumatra and the Malay States northwardthrough Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Tapli, Pakchan, which is thenorthernmost record known to me.Stuart Baker ^* substitutes Glenargus Cabanis, 1851, for Platys-murus Reichenbach, 1850. The latter is a name accompanied by acut of the generic characters, certainly of this genus, and it cannotsummarily be dismissed. Sharpe ^^ fixed the type on Glavcopis leu-copterus Temminck, which will have to stand unless there is an earlierfixation.Family PARADOXORNITHIDAE: Parrotbills, SuthorasPSITTIPAKUS GULARIS TRANSFLUVIALIS (Hartert)Scaeorhynchus gularis iransfluvialis Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 7, p. 548, 1900(Guilang, northern Cachar).Three males, Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000-4,000 feet, November 21,1928, May 18, 1933; one male and two females, Doi Nangka, Novem-ber 17, 1930; three males and three females. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka)May 1-5, 1931.No specimens are available for comparison except of P. g. Jokiensisfrom Fukien, China, to which it bears a close resemblance, but itseems to be somewhat smaller and the black of the forehead is nar-rower. P. g. laotiana I have not seen, and it is possible that theSiamese specimens belong to it. Certainly the underparts are notstrongly suffused with fulvous as described by Stuart Baker ,^* but arenearly entirely white, some specimens with a slight buffy tinge on thechest. However, several workers have identified specimens as of thisrace and I tentatively leave it here for the present. The wings offive males measure: 87-91 (88.7 mm). Besides the localities repre-sented by Dr. Smith's collection, it has been taken by several collectorsM Jnurn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 339, 1934." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 7, p. 8, 1930. ? ?5 Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 3. p. 90, 1877." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 1, p. 118, 1922. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 311on Doi Siitep at 4,500-5,500 feet, and Gairdner " secured it in theRabeng District.The range of the form is the hills south of the Brahmaputra, Chin,and Cachin Hills, and the hills of central Burma and northern Siam.Family PARIDAE: TitmicePARUS MAJOR AMBIGUUS (Raffles)Turdus ambiguus Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 313, 1822(Sumatra).Parus major malayorum Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated Malay StatesMus., vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 226, 1918 (Sungci Kumbang, Korinchi, Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott took one adult male, one adult female, and oneimmature male at Prahmon, Trang, March 21-27, 1896.The male has molted the tail, and the tail in the female is muchworn and frayed at the tip. The specimens are a deeper gray on theflanks than P. m. cinereus of Java. The tail pattern cannot be com-pared. There seems to be little or no difference in size. No Sumatranspecimens are available for comparison.The immature male was taken March 27 and is nearly full grown.When compared with a slightly younger male of P. m. cinereus, it isgrayer on the flanks and the yellow tinge is very faint; the white inthe tail is mostly confined to the outer feather in ambignvs; the secondouter feather having a mere dot; the white on the second outer featherof the tail is quite large and well defined in cinereus.This form ranges from Sumatra to the Malay States and northwardthrough Peninsular Siam probably to southern Tenasserim. Thereseem to be few records from the mainland. Ogilvie-Grant ^^ recordsit from Patani; Miiller from Salanga (Puket).^^PARUS MAJOR ALTARUM La ToucheParus major altarum La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, p. 43, 1922(Mengtz, Yunnan).One male, Doi Nangka, November 4, 1930; one male, Doi HuaMot, August 12, 1934.These specimens have been compared with P. m. tibetanus, whichaltarum greatly resembles, but they are smaller with more of a j^ellowtinge on the upper back; and with P. m. artaius to which they arenearer in color of the upperparts, but one has the tail pattern oftibetanus, that is, the outer tail feather mostly white except for anarrow black border on the inner web; second outer tail feather witha large white wedge-shaped spot, running up about halfway from thetip, shaft black almost to the tip; the next three feathers with smallerspots, diminishing toward the central rectrices; wing, 61.5, 63.5 mm. ?' Cbasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat Uist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 179, 1928. ?s Fasciculi Malayonsos. pt. 3, p. 77. 1905?? Die Ornis der In.sel Salanga, p. 20, 1882. 312 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe male from Doi Hua Mot is molting the tail, and it is too early tomake out the pattern.This race occurs in southeastern Yunnan, northwestern Tonkin,northern Laos, and northern Siam. De Schauensee *" secured sixspecimens at Chiengdao, 4,500-5,500 feet, wliich he identifies as P.m. commixus, a form confined to southeastern China and having theback entirely gray. Deignan *^ gives the additional localities of Doi8utep and Doi Angka.MACHLOPHUS SPILONOTUS SUBVIRIDIS (Blj th)Parus subviridis Blyth, Tickell MS., Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 24, p. 2G5,1855 (Tenasserim).Five males and two females, Doi Nangka, November 10-19, 1930,April 22-May 6, 1931; one female. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), April30, 1931; one male and one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 26, Sep-tember 4, 1934.A male and female in the United States National Museum are fromthe Langbian Peaks, South Annam. The male, when compared withthe Siamese series, has the back grayer, less suffused with yellow,on the sides of the breast, the yellow is less bright, and the wliite onthe secondaries and tail is more restricted; the female does not differmaterially, however. The Langbian Peaks are quite isolated from therest of the known range of the form.The wings of five Siamese males measure 76-79 (77.2) mm; thewing of the Langbian Peak male, 76 mm.The known range of M. s. subviridis is Tenasserim, Burma, northernSiam, to Laos and (?) southern Annam. ^'VTien Count Gyldenstolpe published his list of the birds of Siam,only one specimen of this bird had been taken in the country, at DoiNgachang south of Lakorn Lampang,^^ since then it has been foundnot uncommon by several collectors *^ on Doi Sutcp from 3,500 feetto the summit, and it will probably be found on other mountains ofsufficient elevation.MELANOCHLORA SULTANEA SULTANEA (Hodgson)Parus sultaneus Hodgson, Indian Rev., 1836, p. 31 (Nepal).Four males and four females, Khun Tan, October 17, 18, 1929,August 25-September 3, 1930; two males, Doi Tin Pata, December 26,1932; two females, Melang Valley, December 31, 1932; one male,Doi Phra Chao, August 6, 1934. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 180. 1934. ?" Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 103, 1936? Ibis, 1920, p. 46&.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 528, 1930; vol. 86, p. 180. 1934; Journ. Siam Soc. Nat.Hist. Suppl.. vol. 8. p. 135, 1931; p. 246, 1932. BIRDS FKOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 313Ko specimens are available from Nei)al or Burma for comparison.Count G^ldenstolpe," referring to northern Siamese specimens, saysthey are somewhat intermediate between the Peninsular form andthat from India. Our measurements of the males seem to bear outhis remarks, the only difference between the tv/o forms being prin-cipally one of size. Five males from northern Siam measure: Wing,108-113 (110.2); tail, 90-93 (91.5); culmen, 13-14 5 (13.7) mm.The form extends from Nepal through Assam to Burma, northernSiam, and Laos. It is said to be common locally in northern Siam.MELANOCIILORA SULTANEA FLAVOCRISTATA (Lafresnaye)Parus flavocrislatus Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., CI. 2, pi. SO, 1837 (Isles de la Sonde).One male and one female. Waterfall, Trang, August 26, 1933; twomales and one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 21, 1933,January 8, 1934; one male, Sichol, Bandon, September 1, 1929; onemale, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 15, 1931; one male and one female,Pran, April 1, 1931 ; one immature male. Ban Nam Phu, February 25,1934; one male. Pang Sok, August 25, 1920; three males and twofemales, Pak Chong, November 16, 24, 1929; one male. Liken, nearKorat, February 18, 1926; two males, Nong Yang, November 9, 1931;three males and one female, Lamton Lang, May 28-June 2, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected: three males, Trang (Lay Song Hong,September 7, 1S96; Trang, January 3, 1899); and one male and onefemale, Packa, Trengganu, September 27, 1900.Tills form gradually becomes larger from the Malay States north-ward until it is rather difficult to draw a line between it and thenorthern form, especially as Siamese specimens of the latter are some-what intermediate. Specimens from southwestern and eastern Siamseem to belong to the smaller Peninsular race.Ten males from Bandon (2), southwestern Siam (1), and easternSiam (7) measure: Wing, 102-109 (106.7); tail, 86.5-95 (90.4);culmen, 13-14.5 (13.6) mm. Five males from Perak-Pahang border (1 ),Trengganu (1), and Trang (3): Wing, 104-107.5 (105.7); tail, 82-87(85.4); culmen, 13-14 (13.4) mm.The form ranges from Sumatra and the Malay States northwardthrough Peninsular Siam and southwestern Siam to eastern Siam.Family SITTIDAE: NuthatchesCALLISITTA FRONTALIS FRONTALIS (Swainson)Sitta frontalis Swainson, Zoological illustrations, ser. 1, pi. 2, 1820 (Ceylon).One male. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 6, 1929; one male, DoiAngka, 4,000 feet, December 3, 1928; one male, Kumpawapi, February " Ibis. 1920, p. 468. 314 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITEiD STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM17, 1929; nine males and four females, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, Sep-tember 26-October 20, 1929, September 8, 19, 1930, February 17-March 4, 1932; two immature males. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka),May 1, 1931; two males, Doi Hua Mot, August 19 and September 4,1934; one male, Ciiiengdao, January 29, 1932; two immature males,Khun Tan Mountains, 4,000 feet. May 9, 1933; one male, Kao PaePan Nam, Lomsak, Februar}^ 19, 1934; one female, Huey Me Sae,December 24, 1932; one male, Aranya, July 17, 1930; one male,Hupbon, near Sriracha, May 25, 1925; one male, Sakeo, near Krabin,May 2, 1928; one male. Pang Sok, August 18, 1926; two males, ThaChang, Pak Chong, Alarch 22, 1927; four males, Chantuk, June 13,14, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult female at Champang, Tenasserim^December 21, 1903, but I cannot match it by an}' female in the aboveSiamese series. It is darker below an.d on the ear coverts and ap-proaches C.J. saturatior of the Mala}^ Peninsula of which it is more orless of an intermediate. The ranges of C.f.Jrontalis and C.J. saturatiorprobably meet in the near vicinity.Unfortunately I have been unable to examine any specimens fromCeylon and very few from India proper.The range of C.J.Jrontalis is given as practically all India, includingCeylon, Burma, and Siam east to Laos, Tonkin, Annam, Cocliinchina,and Cambodia. This form apparently occurs more or less com-monly all over Siam proper, more especially in the north. Accordingto Deignan^^ it occurs on Doi Sutep at 3,500-4,600 feet.CALLISITTA FRONTALIS SATURATIOR (Hartert)Siita saturatior Hartert, Nov. ZooL, vol. 9, p. 573, 1902 (Gunong Tahan, Pa-hang) .Three males, Bangnara, Patani, July 10, 1926; one male, KaoChong, Trang, September 1, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott took four males and one female in Trang as fol-lows: Prahmon, March 22, 1896; Lay Song Hong, September 7, 1896,and November 6, 1896; and Kao Soi bao, 1,000 feet, February 8, 1899.All the specimens agree in being considerably darker below and hav-ing broader black foreheads than C.J.Jrontalis.Count Gyldenstolpe*^ says it has been collected at Bukit Besar,Nawnchik, Bandon, Lamra, and on Puket; Robinson*' says it is con-fined to the southern two-thirds of the Malay Peninsula. As theUnited States National Museum has typical specimens from Trang, itmust go considerably north of this point at least. " Jonrn. Siam Poc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8. p. 135, 1931. *? Ibis, 1920, p. 468.? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 260, 1927. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 315SITTA CASTANEA NEGLECTA WaldenSitla neglecta Walden, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 5, p. 218, 1870 (KarenHills, Toungoo District, Burma).One male, Doi Angka, December 2, 1928; one male and one female^Meklian, February 6, 1932; one male, Khonka Valley, January 19,1933; one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 30, 1934.The range of this form extends from Muleyit Mountain, Tenas-serim, through the eastern liill ranges of Burma to western and north-ern Siam, Cambodia, and Laos.S. c. cimiamoventris has been recorded from northern and easternSiam,** but presumably there must be some error, as two races wouldhardly occur in the same territory unless at different elevations in themountains.Chasen and Kloss*^ record S. c. neglecta from the Raheng district,western Siam. Deignan*? took one on Doi Sutep, 1,800 feet, inJune; and Mr. Aagaard*^ took a single male on the summit of thesame mountain later; De Schauensee" took three males and a femaleat Metang and says that it was found only in lowland jungle where thetrees reached a good height.SITTA EUROPAEA NAGAENSIS Godwin-AustenSitta nagaensis Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1874, p. 44 (NagaHills).One male, Doi Nangka, November 20, 1930; one male. Pang Meton(Doi Nangka), May 5, 1931.The form ranges from the mountains south of Brahmaputra, Chin,and Cachin Hills to northern Siam, and it has been reported fromsouthern Annam, but specimens from tliis region may not be the same.Two males from Dalat, southern Annam, in the United States Na-tional Museum are more grayish below, the rufous of the flanks islighter, and they are paler above than the Siamese specimens. TheLangbian Peaks region is rather isolated from the normal range of theform.De Schauensee*^ found S. e. nagaensis common on the summit ofDoi Sutep and less so farther down. Deignan^^ found it common onthe same mountain from 4,500 feet to the sumirdt and saw a pair car-rjdng food into a nest hole in May at 5,500 feet. De Schauensee"on his third expedition again secured it on Doi Sutep and Chiengdaoand states it occupies a zone above that at which Sitta magna is found.. <8 Oyldenstolpe, Ibis, 1920, p. 467. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 196, 1934. 362 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPTEBUTHIUS AERALATUS AERALATUS TickellPteruthius aeralatus Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 24, p. 267, 1855(Tenasserim).Two males, Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, December 3, 1928; ten males andsix females, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,000-4,500 feet, November 21-22,1928, October 16, 1929, August 24-September 2, 1930, February 27-March 4, 1932, May 12-15, 1933; five males and five females, DoiNangka, November 3-21, 1930, April 24, 28, 1931; one male and twofemales. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 4, 1931; two males andone female, Doi Kiew Koh, December 25, 1932; one male, Doi Mana,December 30, 1932; five males and five females, Doi Hua Mot,August 12-September 27, 1934; three males and one female, KaoLuang, 4,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat, July 20, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and two females, Kao NomPlu, 3,000 feet, Trang, February 20-26, 1897. He gives the foftparts as: Iris grayish blue; bill black above, leaden blue beneath; feetpale pinkish fleshy.The six males and three females from Peninsular Siam when com-pared with the large series from northern Siam in the case of the malesare somewhat darker on the mantle and back, and in the case of thefemales the pileum is a dingier gray and the white tips to the primariesmore reduced. The Peninsular birds are also smaller, but whetherthe differences are sufficient to found a race upon, I am doubtful.Table 3. ? Average measurements of Pteruthius aeralatusSpecimens Ten males from northern SiamSix males from Peninsular SiamTen females from northern SiamThree females from Peninsular Siam WingMm7974.68073.8 TailMm65.46056.548.7 CulmenMm14.714.314.714.3 The young male at first resembles the female. The tail and wingthen become like the adult male, then the back. The black of thehead apparently is not acquu'ed until much later; one young male hasbegun to turn black on the auriculars. All the young males have theunder tail coverts washed with light yellow, but how long this isretained is uncertain.Recently authors generally have been treating aeralatus as a formof P. flaviscapis of Java, but in my opinion the latter is distinctenough to rank as a separate species. There are two additional racesof aeralatus on the continent, however: P. a. ricketti, of southern andsouthwestern China, a larger and grayer bird below than aeralatus,and P. a. annamensis, of the Langbian Plateau, southern Annam, BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 363differing from aeralatus in the absence of the black edges to theinnermost remiges and the reduction of the white tips to the primaries.P. a. cameranoi occurs in Sumatra.P. a. aeralatus ranges from eastern Burma south tlirough northernSiam and Tenasserim to the Federated Malay States; eastward itextends to Cambodia, eastern Tonkin, northern Laos, and northernAnnam.In Peninsular Siam apparently it occurs only on mountains ofsufficient elevation. Beside the localities where it was taken by Dr.Abbott and Dr. Smith, Robinson ^ reports it from Kao Nawng, above2,000 feet, Bandon; in northern Siam, Deignan * reports that on DoiSutep it is found from 3,500 to 5,500 feet. It has also been taken onDoi Nga Chang and at Chiengdao and probably occurs on all themountains in the north. Though I have seen no records from easternSiam, it probably occurs there.PTERUTHIUS AENOBARBUS INTERMEDIUS (Hume)Allotrius intermedius Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 5, p. 112, 1877 (central Tenas-serim Hills).One male, IQiun Tan, October 20, 1929; one male, Doi Nangka,November 12, 1930; two males and three females, Doi Hua Mot,August 19-26, 1934.Deignan ^ found it once on Doi Sutep, 5,300 feet. De Schauensee 'states that it is not a common bird in northern Siam.This form occurs from the eastern hills of Burma and Tenasserimthrough the mountains of northern Siam to Laos and Tonkin. P. a.laotianus has been described from Xieng-Khouang, Laos; P. a.indochinensis from Djiring, southern Annam; and P. a. aenobarbusfrom Java. MESIA ARGENTAURIS GALBANA Mayr and GreenwayMesia argentauris galhana Mayr and Greenway, Proc. New England Zool.Club, vol. 17, p. 3, 1938 (Doi Angka, Siam).One female, Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, December 4, 1928; one maleand one female, Doi Nangka, April 24, 1931; three males and twofemales, Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 1-4, 1931.It has been recorded from Doi Sutep by de Schauensee,^ Deignan,'and Chasen and Kloss.^ Deignan says it occurs between 5,000 and5,500 feet.The form ranges from the Southern Shan States to northern Siam. ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 107, 1915, ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 138. 1931.?Journ. Slam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 175, 1931. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 197. 1934. ' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 53(3. 1930; vol. 86, p. 197, 1934. ' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 139, 1931. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 246, 1932. 364 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMESIA ARGENTAURIS TAHANENSIS VenMesia argcntauris tahanensis Yen, Science Journ. (Sun Yat-Sen Univ.), vol. 6,no. 2, p. 63, 1934 (Mount Tahan, Pahang).Two males, Kao Luang, 3,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat, July 14,1928.These two specimens when compared with four males from north-ern Siam are more of a buffy citrine on the back, and tlie collar onthe hindneck is a deeper yellow; below there is little or no difference.A male and a female from the Semangko Pass, Selangor-Pahangboundary, when compared sex for sex with northern specimens havethe hindneck collar a much deeper yellow also. The two jnales fromKao Luang are not so deep a yellow in the hindneck collar or on thethroat and chest as the Semangko male.The United States National Museum possesses a male from Sikkimthat in the color of the hindneck collar and the throat approaches theSemangko male; the back lacks the buffy citrine of the more southernbird, however, and in this respect approaches the northern Siameseseries but is even grayer. In measurements the Kao Luang m.alesagree with northern specimens. As a matter of fact they are some-what intermediate, but probably they had better be placed with thesouthern form for the present.Seven specimens from northern Siam (four males and three females)measure: Wing, 76-80 (77.9); tail, 69-73 (70.6); culmen, 14-15.5(14.7) mm. Two males from Kao Luang: Wing, 81, 81 ; tail, 74, 74;culmen, 15, 15.5 mm. One male (first) and one female from Semangko:Wing, 74, 71; tail, 69, 71; culmen, 14, 14 mm.M. a. tahanensis was reported from Kao Nawng, Bandon, above3,000 feet, by Robinson ^? and from Kao Luang, between 3,000-5,800feet, Nakon Sritamarat, by Robinson and Kloss.^' In the highmountains of the Malay States apparently it is more abundant andmore widely distributed.The form ranges from the mountains of the Malay States north-ward to the mountains of Bandon, Peninsular Siam.A form occurs in the mountains of Tonkin, one in southern Annam,one in Sumatra, and two in Burma. Family PYCNONOTIDAE: BulbulsAETHORHYNCHUS LAFRESNAYEI LAFRESNAYEI (Hartlaub)lora lafresnayei Hartlaub, Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 401 (Malay Peninsula).Two males, Bangnara, Patani, July 10 and 18, 1926; one male,Yala, Patani, January 30, 1931; one female, Bukit, Patani, no date; '? Journ. Federated Malay States Miis., vol. 5, p. 107, 1915. ?' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. II, p. 62, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAIM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 365two females, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, October 1and 6, 1930; one male and one female, Tha Lo, Bandon, September14 and 25, 1931; one male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 21, 1933;one male. Waterfall, Trang, August 24, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott took three males and four females in Trang,February 13, 1897, December 30-31, 1898, January 5 and 27, 1899.He gives the color of the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill leadenblue, culmen black; feet leaden blue.All the males in this series have the upperparts strongl)^ washedwith black, even those taken in winter, but, with the exception of onetaken by Dr. Abbott, December 30, not quite so strongly as theJuly specimens. The specimens collected by Dr. Smith from Pran,southwestern Siam, northward and eastward in Siam, are all yellowishgreen above, with little or no blackish wash, no matter whethertaken in the breeding season or not; in some the inner web of rectriceshave more or less black and they have been assigned to the nextrace, mnotatus, rectrices of the males of the Peninsular birds beingentirely black in breeding specimens at least.The seven males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 67-75 (71.8) ; culmen, 20-22 (21.1) mm. Eight females: Wmg, 67.5-72 (69.7);culmen, 20-22 (20.6) mm.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record this race from the northern end ofPeninsular Siam as far as Hat Sanuk, southwestern Siam, but remarkthat the specimens show very little black above. From this I gatherthey are more or less intermediate between this and the next race{innotatus).The range of A. I. lajresnayei is from the Malay States north throughPeninsular Siam to possibly southern Tenasserim, but just how farnorth is not known. Dr. Smith took A. I. innotatus as far south asKoh Lak, which is a few miles east of Hat Sanuk.Robinson and Kloss '^ record A. I. lafresnayei from Tung Pran,Renong River, Mamoh, Tapli, Tasan, and Hat Sanuk. Theserecords probably represent its northern limit.AETHORHYNCHUS LAFRESNAYEI INNOTATUS (BIyth)lora innotata Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 472, 1847 (Arracan).Two males and two females, Pran, May 26, 1928; April 1-4, 1931;three males, Koh Lak, June 7-22, 1933; six males and two females,Pak Chong, May 14-16, 1925, November 19-December 8, 1929; onefemale. Lam Klong Lang, Pak Chong, June 5, 1925; two males andone female, Tha Chang, Pak Chong, March 20, 1927, January 2, 1931 ; two males and one female, Sikeu, near Korat, Februarj^ 8, March 1 "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 259, 1924.33527?38 24 366 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL. MUSEUMand 4, 1926; one female, Lat Bua Kao, August 7, 1929; one female,Hupbon, November 5, 1931; one male and two females, Hin Lap,October 1 and December 10, 1931; one male, Kumpawapi, February17, 1929; one male and one female, Aranya, July 16, 17, 1930; onemale, Kao Seming, Krat, October 16, 1928; one male, Kao Sabap,November 3, 1933.In the above series, the males have little or no black on the upper-parts at any season. They are serpentine green above, the pileummore yellowish. Below the yellow is less bright than in A. I. lafresnayeiand the tail is yellowish citrine, the outside rec trices sometimes with alittle black on the inner web, never all black as in the Malay race;bills a little smaller than the latter.Ten males of innotatus measure: Wing, 68-73 (70.4); culmen,19-21.5 (19.7) mm. Ten females: Wing, 66-70 (68.1); culmen,18-20.5 (19.2) mm.The present form ranges from Arracan, Burma, through northernTenasserim to southwestern, central, eastern, and southeastern Siam,French Laos, Tonkin, and northern and central Annam.In Cochinchina, southern Cambodia, and southern Annam A. I.xanthotis occurs. It is more yellowish on the back than innotatus,and e\ddently does not reach to northwestern Cambodia as the twospecimens taken near the border in southeastern Siam seem to belongto the northern race though somewhat more yellowdsh on the pileum.De Schauensee ^^ took a male at Chiengsen, January 9, and remarksthat it seems to be a rare bird in northern Siam. This is the onlyrecord I have seen from the northern part of the country.AEGITHINA TIPHIA TIPHIA (Linnaeus)Motacilla tiphia Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 186, 1758 (Bengal).Two males and one female, Bukit, Patani, January 26 and 27, 1931 ; one female, Singora, June 29, 1929; one female, Nakon Sritamarat,September 21, 1896; one male and one female, Pran, April 1, 1931;three males, Koh Lak, June 9-14, 1933; three males and five females,Muang Kanburi, April 10-15, 1928; one female, Aranya, July 14,1930; 13 males and eight females, Bangkok, January 18 and March11, 1924, October 26-December 31, 1925, April 8-June 26, 1926,September 20-23, 1930, May 12, 14, 1934; one female, Lomkao,February 20, 1934; one female. Bung Borapet, June 22, 1932; onemale, Doi Angka, lower slopes, December 9, 1928; one male and onefemale, Chiengmai, November 25, 1928; two males and one female,Nan, April 14-23, 1930; two males. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 18-22,1930; two males and one female, Prae, April 11, 1930; one male andone female. Ban Tai Yai, July 8-9, 1928; one male, Knong Phra,n Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 536, 1930. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 367April 12, 1929; one female, Lat Biia Kao, July 31, 1929; one male andone female, Pak Chong, December 22, 1926, and November 29, 1929;one male, Tlia Chang, March 17, 1927; one male, Bua Yai, KoratPlateau, February 15, 1929; one female, Muek Lek, April 26, 1933;one male, Chantuk, June 12, 1934; one male, Sriracha, April 19,1934; one female, Kao Seming, Krat, October 12, 1928.Dr. W. L, Abbott took the following in the Malay Peninsula: Fivemales and three females, Trang (Prahmon, February 21-March 24,1896; Tyching, April 24, 1896; Kantany, January 16, 1897; Trang,January 21, 1899); one male and two females, Trengganu (DungunRiver, September 19, 1900; Tanjong Dungun, September 20 and 21,1900); one male, mouth of Rumpin River, Pahang, May 20, 1902.He gives the color of the soft parts as: Iris white or grayish white;bill leaden blue, culmen black; feet plumbeous or leaden blue.In this large series there are very few males with much black on theupperparts, and when present it is confined mostly to the pileum andnape. There seems to be little or no difference between PeninsularSiam specimens and those from farther north. The male collected byDr. Abbott in Pahang should represent A. t. singapurensis Chasenand Kloss,'* but in the series from Bangkok there is a male that haseven more black. Dr. Oberholser described this dark bird from Bankaas A. t. micromelaena,^^ and, if worthy of recognition, the latter namewill have to be used.The male from Pahang measures: Wing, 64; tail, 46.5; culmen,15 mm. Four males from Banka: Wing, 59-63 (61.5); tail, 44-45.5(44.9); culmen, 15-17 (15.6) mm. Seven males from the MalayPeninsula, north of the Federated States: Wing, 61-65 (62.4); tail,43-47 (44.8) ; culmen, 15-16 (15.3) mm. Ten males from Siam proper:Wing, 60-67 (63.8); tail, 43-53 (47.5); culmen, 14.5-16 (14.8) mm.De Schauensee ^^ states that specimens from northern Siam havepaler throats and backs than birds from Bangkok southward. Myseries of males from northern Siam is a small one and does not showthe deeper yellow throat of the southern bird; possibly the backs ofthe northern specimens average somewhat paler, but birds can bepicked out of my series from the Malay Peninsula that are just aspale. I believe the deeper yellow throats are due to age, as there area number in my series that are molting from a lighter to a deeperyellow throat, and this also applies to the color of the back. At firstthe young male resembles the female, the darker back of the fullyadult male being acquired only after several molts.The present form extends eastward from Bengal to Burma, Assam,Siam, and Indo-Cliina, except the north; southward it extends down '? Bull. Raffles Mus.. no. 5, p. 85, 1931." Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 76, no. 6, p. 7, 1923.i? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 199, 1934. 368 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONiVL MUSEUMPeninsular Siam to Trengganu; specimens from Singapore and thesouthern end of the Mahxy Peninsula are doubtfully separable.AEGITHINA VIRIDISSIMA VIRIDISSIMA (Bonaparte)Jora viridissima Bonaparte, Conspectus generum avium, vol. 1, p. 397, 1850(Sumatra and Borneo; restricted to Sumatra).One female, Bukit, Patani, Januarj^ 23, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott took a female on Pulo Langkawi, December 3,1899.This form occurs from southern Tenasserim south tlirough Penin-sular Siam to Singapore, Cochinchina, and Sumatra. Other formsoccur in the Natunas, Anambas, and Borneo.Robinson and Kloss record it from Trang *'^ and Junkseylon(Puket) '^; Robinson ^^ from Pulo Terutau; Kloss ^? from Koh Lak;de Schaueusee ^* from Nakon Sritamarat.CHLOROPSIS AURIFRONS AURIFRONS (Temminck)Phyllornis aurifrons Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 81, pi. 484, fig. 1, 1829 (district Pallemberg, Sumatra; error; India).One male, Doi Nangka, lower slopes, December 9, 1928; one male,Nan, April 16, 1930; one male. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 21, 1930;one male, Mesuya Valley, January 2, 1933 ; one male, Mae Hong Sorn,January 8, 1933.De Schauensee ^^ records it from Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, 2,000 feet,Chiengrai, and IVIechai; all localities in northern Siam. Deignan ^^gives it as common on Doi Sutep, 1,100-2,500 feet; Chasen and Kloss ^*record it from Raheng, western Siam. Two of the latter (male andfemale) upon which the record was founded were later acquired by theUnited States National Museum.The range of the form is from the Himalayas of Garhwal and Simlato eastern Assam, the hill country of north and northeastern India,the whole of Burma and north and western Siam; it has been recordedfrom central Siam, but the records are doubtful. I'Ibis, 1911, p. 55.IS Jouni. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 106, 1919." Jouru. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 171, 1917. ?? Ibis, 1918. p. 197.>' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 200, 1934." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 537, 1930.? Jouru. Siam Soc. Nnt. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 139, 1931." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 174, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 369CHLOROPSIS AURIFRONS INORNATUS Klos3Chloropsis aurifrons inornatus Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 198 (Lat Bua Kao, easternSiam).One male, Sikeu, near Korat, March 16, 1926; two males, PakChong, June 20, 26, 1934; one male and one female, Cliantiik, June12, 14, 1934; one male. Ban Nakae, Maich 4, 1929; one male, LatBua Kao, August 10, 1929; one male and one female, Lem Sing,Chantabun, June 9, 1926; one male. Ban Manoa Wan, October 19,1932; one male. Ban Mekok, October 20, 1932; one male, MuangKanburi, September 10, 1928; one male, Wang Kien, March 13, 1934;one male, Sam Roi Yot, November 13, 1932; one male, Koh Lak,June 15, 1933.The male from Sikeu and the male from Lat Bua Kao have a yellowfringe below the black of the throat but not nearly so pronounced asin typical aurifrons.De Schauensee ^^ records C. a. inornatvs from Nakon Nayok andsays that it replaces the northern form in southern Siam, and on histhird expedition he took specimens at Konken, Kengkoi, and Tamu-ang.^* Kloss ^^ records it from Koh Lak; Robinson and Kloss ^^* fromKoh Lak and Hat Sanuk.The form ranges from southern Tenasserim north through south-western Siam to southern and eastern Siam, Laos, Cambodia, Annam,and Cochinchina.The males of this form difl'er from t^^pical aurifrons in lacking orhaving the yellow surrounding the black throat patch much reduced.CHLOROPSIS HARDWICKII HARDWICKII Jardine and SslbyChloropsis hardwickii Jardine and Selby, Illustrations of ornithology, vol. 2,pt. 7, Appendix, p. 1, 1830 (Nepal).Seven males and one female, Khun Tan Mountains, 2,000-4,200feet, November 19-23, 1928, May 13, 15, 1933; four males and twofemales, Khun Tan, October 18-21, 1929, August 23-27, 1930; fourmales and three females, Doi Nangka, November 17, 1930; one female,Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 1, 1931; one male, Doi Kiew KohMa, December 25, 1932; three males and two females, Doi Hua Mot,August 12-24, 1934.I do not think the above series represents typical harckvickii nordoes it agree with the description of malayana. Only two Indian malespecimens have been available for comparison and they difl'er con-siderably from tlie fine scries of Siamese males; the pileum is olive-ocher with a slight greenish wash, while in the Siamese series the pileum " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 5.17, 1930.M Proc. Arad. Nat. Sci. Philadelplim, vol. 80. p. 200, U>31." Ibis, 1918, p. 198."? Jourri. Nat. IJist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 2G0. 1924. 370 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM is strongly washed with greenish, the frons and a border to the blackthroat patch being reed yellow.Ten adult males from Siam measure: Wing, 87-9G (92.9); culmen,19.5-20.5 (19.9) mm. Six adult females from Siam: Wing, 82-88 (86);culmen, 18.5-20 (19.3) mm. The wing in these seems to average lessthan in the measurements given by Stuart Baker ^^ and he does notsegregate the se.xes. My measurements show the female to be con-siderably smaller.The only female of malayana examined is from the Semangko Pass,Selangor-Pahang boundary. The wing is no smaller (85 mm) thanin the Siamese series, but the lesser v/ing coverts are a deeper blue andthe primary coverts are washed with blue, while in the northern formthere is little or no blue wash. The culmen in this specimen measures17 mm, which is smaller than in northern birds.A male in the United States National Museum from near Laichau,Tonkin, more nearly resembles the Indian bird than that from Siam,but the yellow of the pileum is lighter and has more of a greenish washthan the former; wing, 91 mm.Chasen and Kloss,^^ in commenting upon a male from Doi Sutep,have likewise noted the intermediate character of the Siamese bird,as has also de Schauensee ^? in writing upon a series from Chiengmai,Khun Tan, Chiengdao, and the southern Shan States, but he believesthe northern Siamese bird to be nearer malayana than hardwickii. Heapparently did not make a direct comparison with either. It seemsbest to leave the northern Siamese race with the nominate form for thepresent.C. h. hardwickii ranges from the Himalayas at Simla east to easternAssam and south through P?urma to the Shan States and Tenasserimand east through northern Siam to Laos, Tonkin, and northern Annum.CHLOROPSIS COCHINCHINENSIS COCHINCHINENSIS (Gmelin)Turdus cochinchinensis Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 825, 178J)(Cochinchina).Seven males and one female, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July14-20, 1928; one female, Patalung, July 7, 1929; three males and onefemale, Sichol, Bandon, August 31-Septembcr 1, 1929; six males andthree females, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 18-27, 1931; two males,Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 23, 1933, January 23, 1934; one male.Waterfall, Trang, August 26, 1933; two males and one female, Hup-bon, near Sriracha, May 25, 1925, October 31-November 3, 1931; onemale and one female, Sikeu, near Korat, February 16, 1926; onefemale, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, November 15, 1924; tv^o males and ?? The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2. vol. 1, p. 349, 1922." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 242, 1932. "> Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 200. 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 371 one female, near Krabin, May 2-8, 1928; one male and three females,Kao Seming, Krat, October 10-16, 1928, January 2, 1930; three males,Kao Sabap, October 24 and 30, 1933; one female. Lam Klong Lang,Pak Chong, June 4, 1925; one male and one female, Fak Chong,November 15, 1925 and November 19, 1929; one male, Pran, April 1,1931 ; four males and three females, Nong Yang, October 20-Noveniber16, 1931; one male, Hin Lap, November 6, 1931; four males and onefemale, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, August 25-September 7, 1930, February16, 1932; one male and one female, Aranya, July 13, 1930; one male,Mae Hong Sorn, January 3, 1933; one male, Meserieng, January 20,1933; one male, Muek Lek, April 17, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens in the MalayPeninsula Region: Seven males and five females, Trang (Lay SongHong, September 8-November 15, 1896; Tyching, July 3, 1896;Prahmon, February 22 and March 3, 1896; Kao Soi Dao, 1,500 feet,February 15, 1899; near Kao Nok Ram, January 5, 1899; Kao NokRam, 3,000 feet, January 15, 1899; Trang, January 4, 27, 1897); onemale, and four females, Mergui Archipelago (Bentinck Island, March8, 1900; Heifer Island, March 6, 1900); one female, Victoria Point,Tenasserim, March 31, 1900; one male, Maliwun, Tenasserim,March 25, 1900.There is an average difference between a series from northern andeastern Siam and a series from Peninsular Siam. The Peninsularseries has a more j^ellowish tinge to the upper back and the blue on thewing is deeper; the average size is a little greater.Ten males from eastern and northern Siam measure: Wing, 82-86.5(83.9); culmen, 16-17 (16.5) mm. Ten males from Peninsular Siam:Wing, 83-88.5 (85); culmen, 17-19 (18) mm.While these differences are average, yet individual specimens fromeither series can be picked out that exactly or nearly match in sizeand color.This form ranges from south of the Brahmaputra in Assam souththrough Burma and northern Siam down Peninsular Siam to aboutlatitude 6'^ 30' N.; eastward it extends to Cambodia, Cochinchina,Laos, and Annam. Apparently it is a very common bird all over Siamproper and in Peninsular Siam. The present form is distinguishedfrom icterocephala by having the crown greenish and the yellow onthe side of neck less extensive.CHLOROPSIS COCHINCHINENSIS ICTEROCEPHALA (Lesson)Phyllornis iderocephalus Lesson, Rev. ZooL, 1840, p. 1G4 (Sumatra and Borneo).One male, Bangnara, Patani, July 4, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one female, Packa, Trengganu, Sep-tember 27, 1900, and two immature males, Rumpin River, Pahang,,June 9 and 21, 1902. 372 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis form can be distinguished from cocJiinchinensis by having thepileum more extensively yellow, with little or no greenish wash.It ranges from Sumatra through the Malay States north to aboutlatitude 6? 30' N. and barely reaches Peninsular Siam in Patani.CHLOROPSIS SONNERATI ZOSTEROPS VigorsChloropsis zosterops Vigors, in Raffles's Memoir of Sir Thomas Stamford RafHes,p. 674, 1830 (Sumatra).One male, Bangnara, Patani, May 17, 1924; two males, Tha Lo,Bandon, September 21, 1931; one rriale and two females, Kao SoiDao, Trang, December 28, 1933, January 6, 1934. Dr. Smith givesthe soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; legs Ught blue.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Six males and threefemales, Trang (Prahmon, March 5 and 9, 1896; Lay Song Hong,November 28, 1896; Trang, February 5 and 8, 1897, January 1 and3, 1899; Kao Soi Dao, 1,000 feet, February 14, 1899); two females,the Dindings, Straits of Malacca, April 13 and 16, 1900; one female,Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March 31, 1900. He gives the soft partsas: Iris dark brown; bill black (male); black, lower mandible whitishat base (female) ; feet leaden.The series of seven adult males from the Malay Peninsula areslightly less yellowish green above and below than four males fromSumatra and one from Banka. Four males from Borneo are moreyellowish green above and below even than the Sumatran series.The difference between the Sumatran and the mainland bird isslight.Seven males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 99-103 (101);culmen, 20-22.5 (21.3 mm). Four males from Sumatra and onefrom Banka: Wing, 97.5-102 (99.3); culmen, 20.5-22 (21.2 mm).Four males from Borneo: Wing, 100-102 (101); culmen, 21-22(21.4 mm).This form ranges from Banka and Sumatra north through theMalay States and Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Robinson ^^ records it from Pulo Telibun, Trang, and Pulo Lontar;Robinson and Kloss ^^ from Kao Ram, 1,200 feet, Nakon Sritamarat,and later from Tung Pran, Takuatung, Koh Pra Tung, Takuapa,and Namchuk, Pakchan.^^C. s. sonnerati Jardine and Selby ^* is confined to Java and C. s.viriditectus Hartert to Borneo. " Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 171, 1917.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. CI, 1923.?' Journ. Nat. HLst. Soc. Piam, vol. 5, p. 261, 1924." Illustrations of Ornithology, .ser. 1, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. [19], 1826 (India et insulis); vol. 2, text to pi. 100,183n (Jiiva). BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 373CHLOROPSIS CYANOPOGON SEPTENTRIONALIS Robinson and KlossChloropsis cyanopogon seplentrionalis Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist.See. Siain, vol. 3, p. 107, 1918 (Nong Kok, Gliirbi, Peninsular Siam).Two females, Pa taking, July 18, 1929; three males, Tlia Lo,Bandon, September 18-27, 1931; one female, Sichol, Bandon, May19, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males at Prahmon, Trang, Febru-ary 22 and March 23, 1896, and one male, near Chong, Trang, Jan-uary 24, 1897. He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; billblack; feet plumbeous.The above series of males differs from two males of C. c. cyanopogonfrom Sumatra in being somewhat smaller and in having the foreheadstinged with yellow and the black throat patch bordered below withyellow.Six males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 80-83 (80.7);culmen, 15-17 (15.9 mm). Two males from Sumatra: Wing, 81, 85;culmen 17, 17 mm.This form ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Penin-sular Siam to about Kedah. To the north Robinson and Kloss ^^record it from Tapli, Pakchan, and Tasan, Chumporn.CRINIGER TEPHROGENYS TEPHROGENYS (Jardine and Selby)Trichophorus tephrogenys Jardine and Selby, Illustrations of ornithology, vol. 3,pt. 9, pi. 127, 1833 (supposed to be India; type fixed by Hartert "as Malacca).Three females, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 24, 28, 1933,January 1, 1934; two females and one unsexed, Kao Chong, Trang,August 27, September 8, 1933.Dr. Abbott collected eight males and two females in Trang (LaySong Hong, August 31 and September 5, 1896, January 1, 1897;Chong, January 23, 1897; Kao Nok Ram, 1,000 feet, January 4, 1899;Trang, January 3-February 7, 1897); one male and one female,Rumpin River, Paliang, May 23 and June 21, 1902. He gives thesoft parts as: Iris brown, pale brown, reddish brown or brownish red;upper mandible dark brown or dull black, lower mandible leaden;feet pale brownish fleshy.The range of this form is from southern Tenasserim south throughPeninsular Siam to Singapore. Ogilvie-Grant " records it fromPatani; Robinson and Kloss ^* from Ronpibun and Kao Ram, 1,200feet, Nakon Sritamarat; later ^* they say it has often been confusedwith ochraceus in the past but that there is no occasion to do so at thepresent day if correctly named material is compared.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 202, 1924." Nov. Zool., vol. 9. 1902, p. 558.>' Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3. p. 86, 1905. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 61, 1923,?? Journ. Nat Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 268, 1924. 374 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMC. t. tephrogenys has the breast and belly amber-yellow, the formerwith streaks of grayish white; under tail coverts mustard yellow. C.ochraceus has only the center of the breast light naples yellow; thesides light brownish olive; the under tail coverts cinnamon-buff. Thelatter is darker above and more brownish ; the former more citrine.CRINIGER TEPHROGENYS ANNAMENSIS Delaconr and JabouilleCriniger tephrogenys annamensis Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn.Club, vol. 45, p. 32, 1924 (Laobao, Quangtri, Annam).One male, Kao Lem, December 26, 1930. Wing, 108; culmen,19 mm.This male agrees fairly well with a specimen of this race fromDaban, southern Annam, except that the breast and belly are some-what deeper yellow. This form should not be confused with C. t.henrici of the north, which is a larger bird with the underparts aver-aging paler.C. t. annamensis ranges from Annam to Laos, Cambodia, andeastern Siam.This is the first and only record for Siam known to me.CRINIGER TEPHROGENYS HENRICI OustaletCriniger henrici Oustalet, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1896, p. 185 (southernYunnan and northern Tonkin).One male and two females, Khun Tan, October 22, 1929, August28 and September 5, 1930; one male, Huey Me Sae, December 24,1932; one female, Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000 feet, May 10, 1933;one male, Doi Hua Mot, August 29, 1934.The male from Huey Me Sae is a deeper yellow below than theKhun Tan male. The above series agrees with a small series fromnorthern Tonkin.The form ranges from the northeastern Shan States to southernYunnan, Kwangsi, northern Siam, Laos, and Tonkin. Rothschild ""?says that C. t. grandis Baker is a synonym.Gyldenstolpe *? found it fairly common in bamboo and evergreenforests in northern Siam, and on his second expedition *^ he securedspecimens at Khun Tan, Bang Hue Pong, and Doi Par Sakeng. DeSchaucnsee *^ took a series at Chiengmai and Chiengdao.CRINIGER OCHRACEUS OCHRACEUS MooreCriniger ochraceus Moore, in Horsfield and Moore, A catalogue of the birds inthe Museum of the Hon. East India Company, vol. 1, p. 252, 1854 (Tcnas-serim) . Criniger sordidus Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 320, 1900 (KhawSoi Dow, Trang, Peninsular Siam).? Nov. Zool., vol. 33. p. 306, 1926. *i Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 24. 1913." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 67, 1916." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 201, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 375Criniger salangae Sharpe, A hand-list of the genera and species of birds, vol. 3,p. 316, 1901 (new name for Criniger cabanisi Muller, not of Sharpe).One adult male and one immature male, Koh Chang, April 4, 1924and March 10, 1930; one female, Koh Kut, May 22, 1929; six malesand one female, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 22-26, 1925,March 24, 1926; one male, Kao Seining, Krat, October 12, 1928; twomales, four females, and one unsexed, Kao Sabap, Chantabun,January 6-9, 1930, October 24-November 3, 1933; one male, NongYang, November 4, 1931; two males and one female, Hupbon,November 2-15, 1931.The following specimens collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott are in theUnited States National Museum: Six mules and three females,Trang (Kao Nom Plu, 1,000 feet, February 23, 1897; Kao Nok Ram,2,000 feet, January 11-14, 1899; Kao Soi Dao, 3,000 feet, February 1,1899; two with only "Trang," February 3, 1897, and January 28, 1899);two males, Pulo Langkawi, December 2 and 8, 1899; four males,Mergui Archipelago (St. Matthew Island, January 17, 1900, andDecember 24, 1903; Sullivan Island, February 2, 1900; Ross Island,March 5, 1900); three males and one female, southern Tenasserim(Victoria Point, January 3 and March 31, 1900; Tanjong Badak,Januarys 7 and 10, 1900). He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown;bill leaden, dark above; feet fleshy brown.It will be noted that Dr. Smith's series came from southeasternSiam, while Dr. Abbott's came from southern Tenasserim and Penin-sular Siam. There appears to be little or no difference in color betweenthe two series. The Peninsular series may average a trifle smaller.De Schauensee ^* records the form from Chiengmai, and Deignan **records it from Doi Sutep, 3,000-3,500 feet, but this is more or lessof a lowland form and Dr. Smith did not collect it in northern Siam.Count Gyldenstolpe *^ gives it as of general distribution throughoutSiam proper.The form is found from southern Tenasserim through PeninsularSiam to the Malay States, southern and southeastern Siam to Cochin-china, and south Annam.In the mountains of the Malay States, from Perak to Negri Sembilanand Pahang, a larger darker form occurs, one so different, in fact, thatit could very well rank as a species. It has been named C. o. sacculatusRobinson.^^ There is a possibility that it may be found in westernPatani. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 508, 1928." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 139, 1931." Ibis, 1920, p. 494. ''Ibis, 191S, p. 746. 376 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCRINIGER BURMANICUS GatesCriniger hurmanicus Gates, The fauna of British India, Birds, vol. 1, p. 256,1889 (Lower Burma).Recorded by Cliasen and Kloss/^ from the Raheng District, fromwhere it had previously been recorded by Barton.One of the specimens recorded by Chasen and K!loss was lateracquired by the United States National Museum through Dr. W. L.Abbott. It is not a form of tephrogenys, as they say, but a distinctspecies, related to flaveoius of the Himalayas and bartelsi of Java.The Raheng specimen is a female and very peculiar. The crest isunusually long; the throat and jugulum are white; the ear coverts,lores, forehead, and pileum are white with a slight brownish wash, thewhite showing through; the crest feathers drab ; lightly tipped with cit-rine; back citrine; upper tailcoverts a little lighter than the tail; tailbrussels brown; breast, belly, and under wing coverts lemon-yellow;closed wing dresden brown with a yellowish wash; wing, 100 mm.There are some long hairlike feathers springing from the upper back,but specimens of bartelsi also have them.A specimen oi jlamolus resembles burmanicus in color, but crest isnot so long and is of an entirely different color, dresden brown. C.hurmanicus gives the impression of having an almost white head.The range of C. burmanlcus is the hills east of the Salwin fromYametkin to Moulmein in Tenasserim eastward into western Siam.Lowe ^? reports finding it quite plentiful 30 miles east of Umpang.lOLE OLIVACEA OUVACEA Blythlole olivacea Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 13, p. 386, 1844 (Singapore).One male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 14, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: One male, Prahmon,Trang, April 8, 1896; three males and one female. Lay Song, Hong,Trang, September 17, November 12, December 23, 1896, and January2, 1897. He gives the soft parts as: Iris grayish white; uppermandible dull black, lower mandible dull flesh; feet fleshy brown.This form occurs from Singapore northward to Bandon, Penin-sular Siam, and on some of the islands in the vicinity of the StraitsSettlements. IDLE OLIVACEA CINNAMOMEOVENTRIS Bakerlole virescens cinnamomeoventris Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. vol. 38, p. 16,1917 (southern Tenasserim).One male and one female, Sicliol, Bandon, September 4, 5, 1929;one male, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,300 feet. May 12, 1933. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 539, 1930. ?' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 140, 1931.*' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, pp. 65, 109, 1935-36. BIRDS FRO]\t SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 381The species was described from the southern Shan States, Burma.The range has since been expanded to east central Burma and north-ern Siam. It seems to be a shy mountain species.IXOS HILDEBRANOI (Hnme)Hemixus hildebrandi Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, p. 508, 1874 (YoungzaleenRiver, Salween District, Teiiasserim) . One male, Kao Lem, December 26, 1930; one male, Pang Meton,Doi Nangka, May 2, 1931 ; one male, Klmn Tan, 4,000 feet, February15, 1932; one male, Doi liua Mot, August 13, 1934.The United States National Museum has a pair from Phong Saly,Laos, that seem to agree with the above Siamese birds,Ixos hildebrandi ranges from the Salween and Karen Hills northinto northern Siam and eastward into Laos.Williamson *^ records it from Muang Wang, northern Siam. DeSchauensee ^* collected a series at Chiengdao and says it appearedvery irregularly but that when it did occur it was in large flocks.Deignan ^* recorded it from Doi Sutep, 2,700-3,500 feet, under thename Pycnonotus hainanus.Ixos Jlavala of the Himalayas has the pileum gray, while in hilde-brandi it is black. Ixos davisoni has the pileum brown and the backa lighter brown. /. Jlavala and /. hildebrandi have gray backs. Sofar as known, the three do not intergrade and are sufficiently distinctto stand as species.IXOS MACCLELLANDI TICKELU (BIyth)Hypsipetes tickelli Bltth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 24, p. 275, 1855 (interiorof Tenasserim).Two males, Doi Angka, 7,000 feet, December 6, 1928; one male,lOiun Tan, August 24, 1930; two males, Doi Hua Mot, August 23,September 1, 1934.De Schauensee '^'^ found it common on Doi Sutep, 4,500 feet;Deignan " gives it from the same mountain from 2,700 to 5,500 feet.Aagaard also took it there at 4,600 to 5,500 feet; ^^ Chasen and Klossalso record it from the Raheng District.^^ De Schauensee ^^ on histhird expedition took a series at Chiengmai and Chiengdao.The form occurs from Karenni and the hills of east-central Burmato Muleyit, Tenasserim, and western and northern Siam.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 19, 1918." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 202, 1934."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hi.st. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 141, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 539, 1930." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 140, 1931. '* Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 242, 1932.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl. vol. 7, p. 174, 1928. '? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 202, 1934. .33527?38 25 382 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMIXOS CANESCENS RileyIxos canescens Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 46, p. 155, 1933 (KaoKuap, Krat, southeastern Siam).One male and one female, Kao Kuap, Krat, December 24 and 26,1929.The form was described as similar to Ixos griseiventer (Robinsonand Kloss) of southern Annam, but the pileum a lighter brown withthe shaft streaks reduced and less conspicuous; the back much darkercitrine; the tail above dusky toward the tip not citrine for its wholelength; tail below dusky instead of citrine; under tail coverts darker;the chest a more brownish gray and the shaft streaks much reducedin width and cartridge buff instead of grayish white. Wing, 94;tail, 91.5; culmen, 20.5; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 16.5 mm.This is a description of the male.The female measures: Wing, 92; tail, 86; culmen, 20; tarsus, 18;middle toe with claw, 16.5 mm.Ixos griseiventer and Ixos canescens do not belong to the same formgroup as tickelli but are distinct species.Dr. Smith took only two specimens of canescens. Its range isprobably confined to southeastern Siam and northwestern Cambodia.IXOS MALACCENSIS MALACCENSIS (Blyth)Hypsipetes malaccensis Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 574, 1845(Malacca).One not sexed, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, January 16, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens in the MalayPeninsula: Six males and two females, Trang (Prahmon, April 9,1896; Lay Song Hong, September 8 and November 15, 1896; nearChong, January 24, 1897; Kao Soi Dao, 2,000 feet, February 12,1899, and just "Trang", February 3, 1897, January 5 and 24, 1899);one male, the Dindings, Straits of Malacca, April 13, 1900; one male,Rumpin River, Pahang, June 7, 1902. He describes the soft partsas: Iris pale brown; bill brownish black, pale near base of lowermandible; feet fleshy brown, claws horn brown.The form ranges from the Straits Settlements north through Penin-sular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Robinson and Kloss '^ record it from Peninsular Siam as far northas Tasan, Chumporn; Robinson ^^ records it from Pulo Telibun,Trang; and Kao Nawng, Bandon "; Robinson and Kloss '* from KaoNok Ram, 1,200 feet, Nakon Sritamarat; Baker ''^ from Tung Song. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 5, p. 265, 1924. '? Jonrn. Federated Malay States Miis., vol. 7, p. 173, 1917." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 102, 1915.N Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 61, 1923.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 196. 1919. BIRDS FROIM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 383IXOS CINEKEUS CINEREUS (Blyth)lole cinerea Bltth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 573, 1845 (Malacca).One adult iinsexed, Kao Luang, 3,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat, July14, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males and three females in Trang(Kao Norn Plu, 2,000-3,000 feet, February 20-26, 1897; Kao Soi Dao,2,000 feet, February 11, 1899; and Trang, January 21 and 28, 1899).He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark red (male) or dark brown (female);bill black; feet dark fleshy brown.This form occurs from Nakon Sritamarat south to Johore andSumatra. Ogilvie-Grant ^^ records it from Patani; Baker" fromTung Song; Robinson and Kloss from Trang ^^ and Kao Nok Ramand Kao Luang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat.^^ALCUBUS STRIATUS (Blyth)Trichophorus striatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, p. 184, 1842(Himalaj'as, probably Darjeeling).One male, Doi Angka, 8,000 feet, December 6, 1928; one male andone female, Doi Nangka, April 27 and November 10, 1930; onefemale. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 1, 1931; one male, Doi HuaMot, September 1, 1934.Only two old unsexed specimens have been available for comparison,one from Nepal and one from Darjeeling. From these the Siamesespecimens differ in the color of the crest. In the Indian birds it isolive-brown, while in those from Siam it is buffy olive. In theSiamese birds the lower back, rump, and wings are more greenishyellow and the edges of the feathers of the chest are grayish ratherthan brownish. There are other slight differences, but whether thesewould hold in a larger and better series of the Indian bird is problem-atical.Deignan ^? reports it uncommon on Doi Sutep at 5,500 feet, andlater Aagaard secured it at the same place and elevation.^' DeSchauensee reports it an uncommon bird in northern Siam, inhabitingthe summits of the mountains.^^The range of the species is from the Himalayas of Nepal to Assamand south through Burma to Manipur, Tenasserim, northern Siam,Yunnan, and northern Laos and northwest Tonkin. It is a mountainbird of high elevations, not descending below 4,000 feet in India evenat the cold season. " Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 88, 1905." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 194, 1919." Ibis, 19U, p. 56. '? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 61, 1923.w Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 140, 1931. ?' Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Slam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 243, 1932.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 202, 1934. 384 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMOLPASTES CAFER KLOSSI GyldenstolpoMolpastes atricapillus klossi Glydenstolpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 41, p. 12,1920 (Koon Tan, northern Siam).One female, Chiengmai, November 26, 1928; one male, Doi Angka,3,000 feet, December 7, 1928; one male, Khun Tan Mountains, 2,000feet, November 2, 1928; one male, one female, and one unsexed, KhunTan, October 20, 1929, and September 3, 1930; one female, Mae HongSorn, January 7, 1933; one male and one female, Pak Chong, February7, 1925, and April 29, 1926; one female, Nong Mong, Aluang Krabin,August 21, 1925; one female, Bua Yai, February 15, 1929.The small series from northern Siam compared with an equallysmall series from China {chrysorrhoides) averages grayer, less brownabove, and the tails above are a deeper less brownish black. TheChinese form is somewhat larger also.The four birds from eastern Siam are brown above like chrysorrhoidesbut smaller even than northern Siamese specimens. They are inter-mediate in size but come nearer klossi, and so are placed here for thepresent.Two males, one female, and four unsexed from China measure:Wing, 91-102 (96.2); culmen, 17-18 (17.4) mm. Three males andthree females, northern Siam: Wing, 88-95 (91.3); culmen, 15.5-17(16.1) mm. One male and three females, eastern and southeasternSiam: Wing, 84-90 (86.5); culmen, 15-17.5 (16.4) mm.This form evidently ranges from northern Siam to eastern, south-eastern, and western Siam and eastern Tenasserim.De Schauensee ^ reports it from Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, 4,500 feet,Chiengrai, and Chiengsen. He says in northern Siam it is a rare andlocal bulbul; on his third expedition ^* he secured specimens at NakonNayok, Metang, Khun Tan, Chiengdao, Sriracha, and Chiengmai;Chasen and Kloss ^ record it from the Kaheng district of westernSiam, and three specimens from this collection are now in the UnitedStates National Museum. Robinson and Kloss **' say that W. J. F.Williamson obtained a series from Sriracha on the eastern side of theInner Gulf of Siam.XANTHIXUS FLAVESCENS VIVIDUS BakerXanthiscus flavescens vivida Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 38, p. 16, 1917(Salwin District, Tenasserim).Three males and three females, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, November 20,1928, February 22-March 4, 1932; one male, Doi Angka, December 3,1928; one male and one female, Doi Nangka, April 26, 27, 1931 ; threeM Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 540, 1930.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 205, 1934.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 175, 1928." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 277, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 385 males, Doi Hiia Mot, August 24, 29, 1934; one male and one female,Ban Ta Pai, December 23, 1932.Kloss,*^ trusting to memory, thinks vividus Baker is a synonym offlavescens Blyth. Only one specimen of X. f. jlavescens Blyth fromAssam and one of X. j. sordidiis Robinson and Kloss from southernAnnam have been examined, and they are both quite distinct fromthe northern Siam form. Under the circumstances it is advisable toleave the latter where previous authors have placed it for the present,under Stuart Baker's name. X.J. vividus is a brighter, more yellowishbird on the breast and belly.Tw^o of the males from Doi Hua Mot are immature, but have nearlyacquired the adult plumage; the squamate feathers are coming in onthe forehead and crown.The form ranges from the Kachin Hills, Shan States, and south-eastern Burma to northern Siam.Williamson *^ records it from Doi Nga Chang, Lampang, and deSchauensee ^* secured it on Doi Sutep and later at Chiengdao andKhun Tan. OTOCOMPSA JOCOSA ERYTHROTIS (Bonaparte)Ixos eryihrotis Bonaparte, Conspectus generum avium, vol. 1, p. 265, 1850 (Java;error; probably Malacca).Two males and four females, Bangnara, Patani, May 9 and 19,1924, July 4-21, 1926; five males and four females, Bukit, Patani,January 21-27, 1931; two females, Yala, Patani, February 1-2, 1931;two males, Patalung, July 9, 1929; one male, Pak Bhayoon, July 11,1929; one female, Haad Yai, July 12, 1929; one male and one female,Nakon Sritamarat, September 26-27, 1926; one male, Kao Luang,Nakon Sritamarat, July 21, 1928; one male. Ban Ta Yai, July 9,1928; three males and one female. Bung Borapet, June 19 and 28,1932, March 24, 1933; one male, Petchabun, February 14, 1934; twomales and two females. Nan, April 14, 15, 1930; four males, fourfemales, and one unsexed, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20-22, 1930one female, Lampang, November 17, 1928; one male and one femaleChiengmai, November 24, 26, 1928; one male. Pang Meton (DoiNangka), May 2, 1931; one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 29, 1934four males, Prae, April 10, 11, 1930; two males, Muang Pai, Decem-ber 28, 1932.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens in the MalayPeninsula: Five males and three females, Trang (Prahmon, April 1,1896; Lay Song Hong, December 10, 1896; Chong, January 23, 1897; " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 243, 1932.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 19, 1918.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 639, 1930; vol. 86, p. 202, 1934. 386 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM near Kao Nom Plu, February 19, 1897; Trang, February 11 andMarch 7, 1897) ; and one female, Victoria Point, Tenasserim, January 3,1900. He also took a nest and three eggs at Trang, March 7, 1897.He describes the iris as dark brown, bill and feet black.No constant differences in color can be detected between specimensfrom Peninsular Siam and those from northern Siam. Sex for sex,the birds increase in size from the south toward the north, but thedifferences are slight so far as Siam is concerned. Specimens fromFrench Indo-China seem to agree with Siamese birds in size and color.Ten males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 78-8G (82.3);tail, 78-87 (82.3); culmen, 15-16.5 (15.9) mm. Ten males fromnorthern Siam: Wing, 79-89 (83.6); tail, 80-90 (83.4); culmen, 15-17(16.1) mm. Seven males from Laos and Tonkin: Wing, 83-86 (84.9);tail, 82-90 (85.9); culmen, 15-16.5 (15.7) mm.The typical race, 0. j. jocosa, comes from China and is a larger form,of which no specimens have been examined. La Touche "" gives themeasurements as follows: Wing, 92; tail, 91; culmen, 15 mm. Twomales of 0. j. emeria from the Sahvin River, western Yunnan, in theUnited States National Museum measure: Wing, 92-95; tail, 90-97;culmen, 16.5-17 mm.In the above scries there are three immature specimens (one maleand two females). One female was collected at Haad Yai, July 12,one female at Doi Hua Mot, August 29, and the male at Ban Ta Yai,July 9. All three are of nearly adult size, but the red has not appearedunder the eye, and the under tail coverts in the two females are lightsalmon-orange; in the male a few scarlet under tail coverts are comingin. The pileum is dark brown instead of black.The range of 0. j. eryihrotis extends from Singapore northwardthrough Peninsular Siam to Tenasserim and northern Siam and east-ward to Laos, Tonkin, South Annam, and Cochinchina. Apparentlyit is common all over Siam.Herbert ?' found it breeding at Paknampo and took one clutchof two eggs, but he gives no data.OTOCOMPSA FLAVIVENTRIS FLAVIVENTKIS (TickelOVanga flaviventris Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, p. 573, 1833(Dampara and Dholbhum, Bengal).Six males, Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, November 23, 1928; October 18-28, 1929, September 7, 1930; two males, Mekhan, February 6 and 8,1932; one male, Muang Pai, December 28, 1932. The wings of ninemales measure 84-89 (85.4) mm. *> A handbook of the birds of eastern China, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 95, 1925. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 06, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 387All the above localities are in northern Siam, and it is my beliefthat so far as Siam is concerned this form is confined to that part ofthe country, probably extending southward in western Siam.De Schauensee "^ records it from Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, 2,000 feet,Chiengrai, and Chiengsen, all localities in the north. Deignan ^*says that it ascends Doi Sutep to 3,500 feet and in cold weathercomes dowTi on to the plateau ; de Schauensee ?* on his third expeditionadds the locality Chiengdao.The range of the form is the Himalayas from the Sutlej Valley toeast Assam and south to eastern Bengal, Burma, northern Siam,Yunnan, Tonldn, and Cochinchina.OTOCOMPSA FLAVIVENTRIS MINOR KlosaOtocompsa flaviventris minor Kloss, Ibis, 1918, p. 200 (Koh Lak, southwesternSiam).One male, Sriracha, May 24, 1925; two males, Nong Khor, nearSriracha, September 26 and October 1, 1925; one male, Huey Yang,Sriracha, August 3, 1932; two males, Kao Sabap, Chantabun, January9, 1930, October 28, 1933; two males and one female, Kao Seming,Krat, October 9-11, 1928; one male, Lem Ngob, August 24, 1931;three males, Nong Yang, November 7, 1931; sLx males and one un-sexed, Koh Chang, April 2-5, 1924, January 9, 12, 1926, March 11,1930; one female, Koh Kut, May 22, 1929; one male, Muang Kanburi,April 15, 1928; one female, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 27, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, November 30, 1896; Chong, January 21, 1897;Trang, February 2, 12, 1897; January 28, 1899); and one male, Vic-toria Point, Tenasserim, March 30, 1900. He gives the color of thesoft parts as: Iris pale yellow; bill black; feet dark leaden, black, ordark brown.This form is not a well-marked one. It differs only in size from0. f. flaviventris, and even this difference is not great and overlaps.The wings of nine males from northern Siam measure 84-89 (85.4)mm; of 21 from southeastern and Peninsular Siam, 76-85 (81.7) mm.The range of the form extends from southeastern Siam and prob-ably Cambodia westward through southern Siam to southern Ten-asserim and southward through Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.There has been a good deal of controversy over this form, someauthors believing that it is only a black-throated race of 0. johnsoni,but over the range given above no red-throated or partially red-throated specimens are found, so far as Icnown, and it is my beliefthat the latter is a distinct species confined to the eastern Siameseplain.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 540. 1930." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8. p. 140, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 2C3, 1934. 388 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMOTOCOMPSA JOHNSONI (Gyldenstolpe)Rubigvla johnsoni Gyldenstolpe, Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50,no. 8, p. 25, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1913 (Sakerat, Korat Plateau, eastern Siani).Two females, Knong Phra, near Pak Chong, February 25, 1924,April 16, 1929; four males and eight females, Pak Chong, May 9, 18,1925, November 19, 1925, May 5, 10, 1926, November 19-29, 1929;one male. Pang Sok, August 21, 1926; one unsexed, Tha Chong,March 14, 1929; two males and two females, Lat Bua Kao, July 30-August 6, 1929; three males, Hin Lap, December 6, 1931, October 2,1932.All these localities are in eastern Siam. One of the Pak Chongmales taken on November 27 has a black thi'oat like Jlaviventris butis acquiring a few red feathers on the lower throat. A male takenby C. Boden Kloss at Lat Bua Kao, October 16, has a few red barbsto some of the feathers of the lower throat. A young female takenby Dr. Smith at the same locality has the throat yellow and the redcoming in without the intervening black stage. This does not agreewith Kloss's remarks.^" It seems possible that the black-throatedspecimens showing a few red barbs to the feathers are not reallyhybrids but immature birds acquiring the adult plumage.So far as known, 0. johnsoni is confined to eastern Siam. Kloss "thinks it is confined to the Korat Plateau and later ^^ defines the rangemore precisely as east of the Menam Chao Phaya and north of thelatitude of Bangkok.It resembles 0. dispar of Java in having a red throat, but is a dullercolored bird.Gyldenstolpe's *'^ inclusion of Nakon Sritamarat in the range ofthis species is undoubtedly erroneous and that of de Schauensee *' forthe same locality also; the latter states that it has a black throat..His specimens from Kengkoi and Nakon Nayok are evidently correct,as they have red throats, but they are in the range of the species.It is strange that, if red-throated specimens ever occur in south-eastern, southern, and Peninsular Siam, none appears in the largescries of 0. j. minor, consisting of nearly 40 specimens, in the UnitedStates National Museum.EUPTILOSUS EUTILOTUS (Jardlne and Selby)Brachypus eulilotus J.-vrdine and Selby, Illustrations of ornithology, new ser.,no. 1, pi. 3 and text, 1837 (Singapore).Dr. W. L. Abbott took one unsexed specimen, Lay Song Hong,Trang, September 28, 1896; one male, Dungun River, Trengganu, ?? Ibis, 1918. p. 202.M Journ. Nat. Hict. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 450. 1919. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 52, 1921. ?? Ibis, 1920, p. 492. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 203, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 389September 23, 1900; two males and one unsexed, Rumpin River,Pahang, May 30, and June 21, 1902. He gives the soft parts as: Irisdeep red; bill black; feet dull brownish leaden, toes blackish.Williamson ^ has recorded it from Bangnara, Patani ; Robinson andKloss ^ saj'^ that in the Malay Peninsula it always seems to be a some-what rare and local species; de Schauensee ^ records a pair from NakonSritamarat.It ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Peninsular Siamto Singapore; it has also been recorded from Sumatra and Borneo, butI am not satisfied that specimens from these two islands are the sameas the mainland bird.A pair from Sumatra and an unsexed one from Billiton seem to be ahttle darker above than mainland specimens; they are very close,however. Six males and one female from Borneo are lighter abovethan the mainland specimens and the cheeks are lighter also.The wings of six males from Borneo measure 87-100 (94.4) mm;two males from the Malay States and one male from Sumatra, 91-93.5(92.5) mm. TRACHYCOMUS ZEYLANICUS (Gmelin)Sturnus zcylanicus Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 804, 1789 (Ceylon,error; Java).One male, Ban Kiriwong, July 10, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Three males and onefemale, Trang (Prahmon, April 2, 5, 1896; Kantany, January 16,1897); one male, Dungun River, Trengganu, September 19, 1900; onemale, Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March 12, 1904; one male, BokPyin, Tenasserim, February 14, 1900. He gives the soft parts as: Irispale brown, orange-brown, red-brown, or brownish red; bill black;feet blackish leaden, dull black, or brownish black.The range of the species is Tenasserim south through PeninsularSiam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.The island material at my disposal is too scanty to bring out anydifferences, if they exist, between the birds of the various regions.SQUAMATORNIS SQUAMATA WEBBERI (Hume)Ixidia webberi Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 8, p. 40, 1879 (Tonka Territories).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and three females in Trang,January 20 and 21, 1899. He gives the soft parts as: Iris orange-red;bill black; feet dark leaden.The form ranges from Tenasserim tlirough Peninsular Siam to theMalay States and Sumatra. ' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 19, 1918. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 2fi7, 1924. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 204, 1934. 390 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRobinson and Kloss ^ state that it is fairly common in Trang;they also record it from Kao Ram, 1,200 feet, and Kao Luang, 2,000feet, Nakon Sritamarat;' Baker ^ gives it for Tung Song.S. s. squamata (Temminck) is confined to Java.PYCNONOTUS GOIAVIER PEUSONATA (Hume)Otocompsa pcrsonata Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 407, 1873 (Acheen, Sumatra).One male, Bangnara, Patani, May 22, 1925; one female, Yala,Patani, February 1, 1931; one male and one female, Pak, Bhaj^'oon,July 4, 1929; two males, Singora, July 2, 1929; one male and one fe-male, Patalung, July 9, 5, 1929; three males, Koh Chang, April 1and 2, 1924; one female, Kao Seming, Ivrat, October 18, 1928; threemales and three females, Chantabun, May 28, 1929, March 15, 1930;four males and seven females, Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 10, 13,1926, June 27, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Five males and twofemales, Trang (Prahmon, February 26, and April 2, 1896; TychingApril 23, 1896; Lay Song Hong, December 10, 15, 1896; Trang, Feb-ruarj'^ 15, 1897; near base of Kao Nom Plu, March 10, 1897); one male,Singapore Island, Aiay 15, 1899; one male and one female, TanjongKalong, Singapore, October 15, 19, 1899; one male and one female,the Dindings, Straits of Malacca, April 12, 1900; one male, and onefemale, Tanjong Laboha, Trengganu, September 30, 1900; one female,mouth of the Rumpin River, Pahang, May 20, 1902; one male and onefemale, Tenasserim (Bok Pyin, February 12, 1900; Tanjong Badak,March 15, 1900). He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; billand feet black.The form ranges from Sumatra north through the Malay Peninsulato southern Tenasserim, southern Siani and eastward to southeasternSiam, Cambodia, and Cochinchina.Robinson ^ records it from Koh Samui; Kloss ^ from Tachiu; Her-bert ^ found it not common at Bangkok and met with it only at theDitches, Klong Toi, and Samkok; only one set of eggs was taken,which is described.This form has been usually recorded as P. g. mialis, but that formis probably confined to Java. *Ibis, 1911. p. 59. ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 61, 1923. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 196, 1919. ' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5. p. 149, 1915. ? Ibis, 1918, p. 199. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 96, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 391PYCNONOTUS AURIGASTER GERMAINI (OuBtalet)Jxu8 germaini Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philoin. Paris, ser, 7, vol. 2, p. 54, 1878(Saigon, Cochinchina) . One male, Chantabun, May 28, 1929.Robinson and Kloss *? under Molpastes a. thais say this form hasbeen met with at Kao Sabap, Chantabun. M. a. germaini may bedistinguished from thais by the narrower Hghter tips to the outertail feathers, which are light drab rather than white and the top ofthe head brownish rather than black.De Schauensee " records a pair from Chantabun as P. a. thais thatI think must belong to this form. Gyldenstolpe ^^ reports it fromSakerat, Korat Plain.The form ranges from southeastern Siam to Cambodia, Cochin-china, Laos, and Annam.PYCNONOTUS FINLAYSONI FINLAYSONI StricklandPycnonotus finlaysoni Strickland, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, vol. 13, p. 411,1844 (Malacca, as fixed by Haitert ").One immature male, Patalung, July 7, 1929; one female, Ban HoiTail, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 18, 1928; one female, WatKiriwong, July 26, 1928; one male and one female, Koh Pangan(Pennan), Bandon, July 24, 25, 1931; one female, Tha Lo, Bandon,September 28, 1931; two males and one female, Pak Chong, February8, May 17, and November 19, 1925; one male, Lam KHong Lang, PakChong, June 11, 1925; one female, Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 8,1926; one male, Ban Ta Yai, July 8, 1928; one female, Nong Khor,near Sriracha, September 30, 1925; one female. Ban Sadet, Sriracha,June 1, 1925; two males and one female, Hupbon, May 25, 1925,November 3, 15, 1931; one male, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 7, 1928;two males, Lat Bua Kao, August 7, 1929; one male and one female,Aranya, July 14, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following in the Malay Peninsula:Five males and four females, Trang (Lay Song Hong, December 6-14,1896; Trang, January 6-February 13, 1897, December 31, 1898; nearbase of Kao Nom Plu, March 9, 1897); one female, Pulo Langkawi,December 9, 1899; two males and two females, Tenasserim (Muliwun,March 25, 1900; Victoria Point, March 30, 1900; Pakchan River,December 19, 1900); five males and two females, Mergui Archipelago(Loughborough Island, January 23-25, 1900; Sullivan Island, January31, 1900; Bentinck Island, March 8, 11, 1900). He describes the softparts as: Bill dull black; feet blackish. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. S, no. 3, p. 278, 1924.11 Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 206, 1934.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 60, no. 8, p. 26, 1913." Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p 660, 1902. 392 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDr. Abbott also took a nest and two eggs with parent bird near baseof Kao Nona Plu, March 9, 1897.The series collected by Dr. Abbott in Trang are browner, less grayon the chest than specimens from eastern and southeastern Siam andFrench Indo-China. The latter may belong to a different form. Thespecimens from Tenasserun appear to be somewhat intermediate.This form is apparently common all over Peninsular, southern,eastern, and southeastern Siam. It occurs also on many of the islandsoff the coast. It ranges from the Malay States north through Penin-sular Siam to central, eastern, and southeastern Siam, and east tosouthern Indo-China.Kobinson and Ivloss ^* have recorded it from Trang, Pulo Terutau,and Pulo Langkawi; Robinson ^^ from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan;Gyldenstolpe ^^ from Bang Hue Hom, northern Siam; Robinson andKloss " from Lat Bua Kao, Satahip, and Koh Mesan. Deignan '*states that it is not common in northern Siam and confined to districtswatered by streams flowing into the Mekong. It has been recordedfrom many additional localities, but the above are sufficient to indicateits range. Count Gyldenstolpe's record from Bang Hue Hom is theonly northern one I have seen, however.PYCNONOTUS CYANIVENTRIS CYANIVENTEIS BlythPycnonotus cyaniventris Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, p. 792, 1S42(Singapore) . Dr. W. L. Abbott took a male at Lay Song Hong, Trang, August 21,1896. He gives the bill as black and the feet dark leaden.Robinson and Kloss ^? record it from Tasan, Chumporn, and saythat they took specimens in Trang in October 1909, but they failed torecord them in their paper in The Ibis, 1911; they have also recordedit from Kao Keo and Kao Ram, 1,200 feet, Nakon Sritamarat.^?The form occurs from southern Tenasserim south through Penin-sular Siam to Singapore and Sumatra.The species is a small one, easily recognized by its slaty-blue headand underparts; pyrite-yellow back and wings; empire-yellow undertail coverts. Wing, about 75; culmen, 12 mm.This form seems to be more abundant at the southern end of theMalay Peninsula, though Robmson *' says it is common throughoutthe Peninsula from sea level to 3,500 feet, but all the locaUties homentions are south of Siamese territory.A somewhat smaller, brighter form is found in Borneo. ?* Ibis, 1911, p. 58.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 149, 1015.?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Dandl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 26, 1913." Ibis. 1918, p. 199. "Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 170, 1938. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Slam, vol. 5. p. 277, 192-t,? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 61, 1923.n The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 168, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 393PYCNONOTUS PLUMOSUS PLUMOSUS BIythPycnonotus plumosus Bltth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 567, 1845(Singapore).Two males, Bangnara, Patani, May 22, 1924, July 20, 1926; onemale, Yala, Patani, January 2, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following in the Malay Peninsula:One male, Victoria Island, Tenasserim, January 5, 1900; one male,Tanjong Badak, Tenasserim, January 11, 1900; three males, Prah-mon, Trang, February 20, 23 and March 10, 1896; one male, TelibonIsland, Trang, February 27, 1896; one male, Dungun River, Treng-ganu, September 19, 1900; one female, Tanjong Dungun, Trengganu,September 21, 1900; one female, Tanjong Laboha, Trengganu,September 28, 1900; one female, Pulo Babi, east coast of Johore, July28, 1901; two males, Singapore Island, May 12, 1899. He gives thesoft parts as: Iris dark red or reddish brown; bill black; feet fleshybrown, claws brownish black.The present form ranges from southern Tenasserim south throughPeninsular Siam to Singapore and the nearby islands, Banka, andeastern Sumatra. It is rare in the north but very common in thesouthern part of its range.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Koh Rah and Koh Pra Tung,Takuapa, and Kandhuli, Chaiya, which are the northernmost recordsfor Peninsular Siam.A darker form, P. p. porphyreus Oberholser, occurs in west Sumatraand the islands off the west coast of that island, and a larger form,P. p. chiroplethis Oberholser, occurs in the Anamba Islands. TheBornean bird has been named P. p. insularis by Chasen and Kloss.Some form of the species occurs in Java, but I have seen only two adultskins from there, and they are certainly not the same as mainlandbirds. PYCNONOTUS BLANFORDI ROBINSONI OgUvie-GrantPycnonotus robinsoni Ogilvie-Grant, Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 85, 1905(Patani).One male, Nakon Sritamarat, March 16, 1929; one male, KohSamet, September 1, 1931; one female, Koh Lak, June 15, 1933;one female, Pran, May 27, 1928; one female. Bo Ploi, Kanburi,September 26, 1929; four males and two females, Bangkok, July 30,1924, February 7, 1925, February 6-April 4, 1926; one male and onefemale, Pak Chong, October 5, 1926, November 27, 1929, one male,Knong Phra, near Pak Chong, April 16, 1929; one male and threefemales, Pang Sok, August 19-21, 1926; one female, Lera Sing,Chantabun, June 13, 1926; one female, Koh Chang, March 4, 1924;two males. Hin Lap, October 2, 1932; one female, Udon, February 18, " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 275, 1924. 394 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM1929; one male and one female, Nan, April 14, 15, 1930; one male andtwo females. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20-22, 1930; three females,Aranya, July 13, 1930. One set of two eggs taken at Bangkok,February 1, 1926.Not many of these specimens are from Peninsular Siam, but thefew available, those from southern and eastern Siam, differ little or notat all from those from northern Siam. Delacour and Jabouille ^^ assignall their specimens from French Indo-China to the present form.This being so, the Siamese belong with it also. The only specimenavailable of P. h. blanfordi is a female from Upper Burma in appar-ently unfaded plumage; it is a much paler bird than any in the seriesfrom Siam.This would make the range olP.h. robinsoni extend from the Malay 'States north through Peninsular Siam to northern Siam and east toIndo-China.It may be that this is a poorly marked form, hardly worthy ofrecognition, but my material is not sufficient to settle the question.Herbert^* says that at Bangkok the nesting season begins inJanuary and extends to the latter part of September, the hot weatherand the early part of the rains being the more general time. He de-scribes the nest and eggs.PYCNONOTUS SIMPLEX SIMPLEX LessonPycnonotus simplex Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 167 (Sumatra).Microtarsus olivaceus Moore, in Horsfield and Moore, Catalogue of the birdsin the Museum of the Hon. East India Company, vol. 1. p. 249, 1854 (Malacca.)Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens in the MalayPeninsula: Two males and two females, Trang (Lay Song Hong,September 17, 30, and December 15, 1896; Chong, January 21, 1897);one male and two females, Singapore Island, May 14-26, 1899; onemale, Tanjong Peniabong, east coast of Johore, July 24, 1901; onefemale, Rumpin River, Pahang, May 29, 1902. He gives the softparts as: Iris white; bill black, pale at base of lower mandible; feetfleshy brown, claws dark brown.The specimen from Chong, Trang, is a female and differs from therest of the series in having a slight oUve wash above; in being darkerbelow; and in having the under wing coverts chamois instead ofnaphthalene yellow; size smaller, wing 74 mm. Dr. Abbott recordsthe iris as pale yellow, in the remainder of the series as white, yellowishwliitc, or gray white. Possibly it is not fully adult.The wing in four males from the Malay Peninsula measures 79-83(80.9) mm; in five females 74-79 (77) mm. ** Oiseaiix I'lndochine Franpalse, vol. 4, p. 39, 1931. ?* Joum. Nat Hist. Soc. Slam. vol. 6, p. 94, 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENIi^SULA 395Beside the differences between this species and P. hrunneus pointedout under that species, the present bird is slightly smaller. No differ-ences are noticeable between a small series from Sumatra and thatfrom the Malay Peninsula.The range extends from Sumatra and a few of the surroundingislands to a few of the islands south of Singapore and thence norththrough the Malay Peninsula to Trang in Peninsular Siam. Robinsonand Kloss ^ state that the latter is the most northerly record loiownto them.The Bornean form has been named P. s. 'perplexus.^^ Other formshave been named from the Natuna and Anamba Islands.PYCNONOTUS BRUNNEUS BRUNNEUS BIythPycnonotus hrunneus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 568, 1845(Malacca).Two males, Patalung, July 7, 1929; one female, Haad Yai, July 12,1929; one immature male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 27, 1931; onemale and one female, Wat Kiriwong, July 25, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott took the following in the Malay Peninsula:Three males and two females, Pulo Langkawi, December 3-6, 1899;two males and one female, Pulo Adang, Butang Island, December 16,1899; one male and three females, Trang (Lay Song Hong, Septem-ber 1, 1896; Chong, January 23, 1897; Trang, January 28, 1897, andMarch 2, 1899); Smgapore Island, May 17, 1899; one female, theDindings, Straits of Malacca, April 16, 1900. He gives the soft partsas: Iris red or orange-red; bill black, pale at base; feet fleshy brown,claws dark horny brown.Dr. Smith's specimens are paler above and below than any takenby Dr. Abbott, but the former were taken in summer when muchbleached, while the latter were taken in winter or early in springbefore fading had commenced.This species and P. simplex closely resemble each other, but thelatter is paler, less huffy below; under tail coverts and bend of wingnaphthalene yellow instead of chamois and iris white.The wing in seven males from the Malay Peninsula measures83.5-87 (85.5) mm; seven females 77-84 (80.6) mm.The immature male from Tha Lo, Bandon, resembles the adultbut is darker above, the pileum snuff brown instead of light brownisholive, the underparts much huffier.P. h. hrunneus ranges from Mergui, Tenasserim, south throughPeninsular Siam to Singapore, Sumatra, and some of the adjacentislands. Robinson and Kloss '^ record specimens from Tung Pran, ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 276, 1924. '? Chasen and Kloss, Journ. fiir Orn., Erganzungsband 2, p. 116, 1929. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 275, 1924. 396 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMTakuatung, and Tapli, Pakchan, which seems to be as far north asit has been recorded in Peninsular Siam.PYCNONOTUS ERYTHROPHTHALMOS ERYTHROPHTHALMOS (Hame)Ixos erythrophthalmos Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 6, p. 314, 1878 (Pakchan,Tenasserim) . One female and one unsexed, Buldt, Patani, January 24 and 26,1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and one female in Trang(Lay Song Hong, December 22, 1896; Chong, January 23, 1897; andTrang, January 27 and 31, 1897). He records the soft parts as: Irisred; orbital ring and gape orange-yellow; bill black; feet fleshy brown,claws dark brown.This species is similar above to P. hrunneus, except the tail is rawumber instead of brownish olive and the pileum has a grayish castrather than brownish olive; below it is hghter with the throat paleolive-gray and the chest light grayish olive or smoke gray, not deepcolonial buff; under wing coverts marguerite yellow instead ofchamois; bill smaller. It differs from P. simplex in having the throatpale olive gray instead of massicot yellow; the tail is raw umberrather than brownish olive ; under wing coverts a much lighter yellowand the color of the iris in life is red not white.The present form ranges from southern Tenasserim south throughPeninsular Siam to Singapore and Sumatra. Apparently it is not acommon bird in Peninsular Siam, or else it is mistaken for one of theother brown bulbuls that it so much resembles.Williamson ^^ records it from Bangnara, Patani, under the name P.pusillus; de Schauensee ^^ from Nakon Sritamarat; Robinson andKloss ^? from Tasan, Chumporn. F. e. salvadorii Sharpe is confinedto Borneo. BRACHYPODIUS ATRICEPS ATRICEPS (Temminck)Turdus atriceps Temminck, Nouveau recueil dc planches colorizes d'oiseaiix,livr. 25, pi. 147, 1822 (Java and Sumatra; restricted to Java.)Two males and two females, Yala Patani, January 30-February 2,1931; two immature males, Patahmg, July 7, 1929; one female,Sichol, Bandon, May 29, 1930; one male, Kao Chong, Trang, August27, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following in the Malay Peninsula:four males, four females, and one not sexed, Trang (Telibon Island,February 29, 1896; near Kantany, January 15-16. 1897; Trang,February 9, 1897 and January 24, 1899; near Chong, January 24,1897; near Kok Sai, December 29, 1898); one male, Pulo Rupat, ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 59, 1916. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 206, 1034. ??Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. S, p. 276, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 397Straits of Malacca, March 13, 1906. He gives the soft parts as: Irisblue ; bill and feet black.Tliis smaller race of black-headed bulbul extends from TapU,Pakchan, Peninsular Siam,'" south to the Malay States and Java.It also occurs on Sumatra, Borneo, and Palawan, but it is doubtfulwhether the birds from these three localities are the same as the Malayrace. BRACHYPODIUS ATRICEPS MAJOR Robinson and KlossBrachypodius atriceps major Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated MalayStates Mus., vol. 11, p. 55, 1923 (North Cachar, Assam).One adult male and one immature female, Koh Chang, April 5,1924, and March 10, 1930; one male, Lat Bua Kao, August 11, 1929;one male, Pak Chong, November 27, 1927.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult male on Victoria Island, Tenas-serim, January 5, 1900. He gives the soft parts as: Iris blue; billblack; feet brownish black.The males from Lat Bua Kao and Pak Chong are a hghter, lessgreenish yellow on the chest and back, and somewhat larger thanPeninsular Siam (Trang) specimens. Whether these differences wouldhold in a larger series is problematical.Two males from Vientiane, Laos, collected by Dr. Smith present,presumably, a color phase; one is cadmium yellow on the underpartsand raw sienna above with a dusky undertone to the back and chest,and the second is assuming the same plumage but has not advanced sofar. The adult male from Koh Chang is in a plumage approximatingthe brightest Vientiane male below, but the back and tail are citrine;the black subterminal tail band broader and the yellow tail tip muchreduced. The bird of southeast Siam and French Indo-china maybelong to a different form. No birds from northern Siam have beenexamined.Gyldenstolpe ^^ reports it from Muang Pre. De Schauensee^^ tookit on Doi Sutep and later at Chiengsen and Chiengmai.^* Deignansays it is uncommon on Doi Sutep at 2,700 to 3,000 feet. Robinsonand Kloss ^^ record a male from Namchut, Pakchan, Peninsular Siam,v/hich is probably the southern limit in this direction. On his thirdexpedition de Schauensee ^^ took specimens at Nakon Nayok, Sriracha,and Chantabun; the record from Nakon Sritamarat without doubtbelongs to B. a. atriceps. ?" Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 268, 1924.? Kunt;]. Svenslja Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50. no. 8, p. 27, 1913.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. SO, p. 569, 1928." Proc. Acad. Kat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 541, 1930." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 268, 1024.M Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 206, 1934. 33527?38 26 398 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATION.VL MUSEUMThis would give a rough range for the form from North Cachar southtlirough Upper Burma, all Siam north of the Isthmus of lu-a andpossibly French Indo-China.Family TROGLODYTIDAE: WrensPNOEPYGA PUSILLA PUSILLA HodgsonPnoepyga pu.^illus Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 25 (Nepal).Two males, Doi Nangka, April 22, 27, 1931; three males. PangMeton (Doi Nangka), May 2-5, 1931.One male has the feathers of the lower parts edged with white, thecenters of the feathers dark olive; the throat white with very narrowdark olive borders to the feathers. The other four males have thefeathers of the lowerparts edged with cinnamon-buff, the feathers ofthe throat entirely of this color or slightly edged with dark olive. Oneof the buff-colored males is becoming white on the throat,Stuart Baker ^^ regards these differences in a related species, P.squamafa, as sexual. If this is correct, most of the specimens in theUnited States National Museum are wrongly sexed. A specimen fromSuifu, Szechwan, has the feathers of the lowerparts edged with whiteand resembles the Doi Nangka specimen in this stage of plumageand evidently belongs to this form.The range of the form extends from Nepal, Assam, Burma, andwestern China to Siam.Robinson and Kloss ^* say that a pair taken on Kao Nawng, 4,000feet, Bandon, are intermediate between this and P. p. harterti of theMalay States. Apparently there are no other records for Siam.The species has been divided into a number of forms.Family TURDIDAE: ThrushesBRACHYPTERYX LEUCOPHRIS NANGKA (Riley)Heleroxenicus nangko Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 45, p. o9, 1932(Pang Meton, Doi Nangka, Siam).One female, Doi Nangka, April 22, 1932; three nuiles and onefemale. Pang Meton, Doi Nangka, April 22-May 6, 1932.Tills form is similar to B. I. leucophris of Java, but is lighter, lessrusty above; below the pectoral band is broader and the white of thethroat lightly edged with tawny-olive, pure white in leucophris.The two forms are of about the same size.This is a small bird with a short tail, snuff brown above; whitebelow with a tawny-olive pectoral band; flanks tawnj^-olive. Themale has a supraioral white streak; tlie female has this streak obscuredby buffy. The sexes are of about the same size. " The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2. vol. 1, p. 458, 1922.w Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 304, 1924. BIRDS FRCIM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 399The five specimens measure: Wing, 59-61 (59.7); tail, 30-36.5(32.6); culmen, 12.5-13 (12.7); tarsus, 28-28.5 (28.1); middle toewithout claw, 15-16 (15.5) mm.The male of B. nipalensis is slate-color above ; the female, however,is remarkably like nangka but is somewhat lighter above, lacks thecinnamon-brown wash, and has the white supraloral streak of the malenangka; the white streak extends farther back, however. The twospecies are of about the same size. Birds of this genus are very puz-zling and are not well understood. It seems remarkable that a race ofleucophris should be found in northern Siam. In B. iirayi of thehigh mountains of the Malay States the male is slate-colored, as innipalensis.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record B. I. leucophris from Kao Nawng andKao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat; it is quite probable the records belongrather to the present form.B. carolinae La Touche of Fukieu, China, is also very similar to B.nangka, judged from descriptions. Delacour and Jabouille ^'^ recordcarolinae from Tonkin, Laos, and southern Annam. This, it seems tome, requires reconsideration. Birds of tliis genus are very sedentary.LABVIVORA CYANE (Pallas)Motacilla cyane Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReiche, vol. 3, p. 697, 1776 (Dauria).One male juid two females, Kao Soi Dao, December 30, 1933,Januaiy 8, 1934; one male, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, Nakon Srita-marat, October 6, 1930; one immature male, Koh Chang, January 5,1926; one female, Mekhan, February 8, 1932; one female, Kao Sabap,October 23, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott took two immature males and one female inTrang (Lay Song Hong, December 27, 1896; Chong, January 22, 1897;Trang, Februsny 1, 1897); one adult male and one adult female,Mergui Archipelago (Domel Island, February 24, 25, 1900).This species breeds in eastern Siberia and the nortliern islands ofJapan and migrates southwesterly through central China to Laos,Annam, Siam, Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula, and Borneo towinter. Apparently it occurs pretty much all over Siam in winter anddown Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.De Schauensee '" says that it is not an uncommon migrant on DoiSutep. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 302, 1924.?? Oiseaiix I'lndochine Frangflise, vol. 3, p. 101, 1931.<' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 208, 1934. 400 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSP:UMSAXICOLA CAPRATA BURMANICA BakerSaxicola caprata hurinanica Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, p. 19, 1923(Pegu).Three males and one female, Chomtong, November 30 and Decem-ber 10, 1928; one male, Chiengmai, November 27, 1928; one male,Chiengdao, January 28, 1932; two males, Muang Pai, December 26,27, 1932; one male, Mae Hong Sorn, January- 7, 1933.This form is fomid over the whole of Burma, Yunnan, Assam, southof the Brahmaputra, northern Siam, Cambodia, Cochinchina, andLaos.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Khun Tan and Chienghai; Deignan ^^from Chiengmai; Lowe ^^ from Umpaug. De Schauensee *^ lists itfrom Tung Sio and Chiengmai. So far as I am aware, it has beentaken thus far only in northern Siam. The species is tropical, andbesides other forms in India there are several found in the largerislands or groups of islands to the southeast of Asia.SAXICOLA TORQUATA STEJNEGERI (Parrot)Praticola rubicola stejnegeri Parrot, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bayern, vol. 8, p. 124, 1908(northern Japan).Three males and two females, Bangkok, October 19, 23, 1924,October 23, 28, 1925, November 3, 1926; one female, Korat, February14, 1929; one male, Nong Preng, January 29, 1927; one male and onefemale, Bua Yai, February 15, 1929; one female, Pak Chong, Novem-ber 26, 1929; one male, Nan, April 16, 1930.This form breeds in eastern Siberia and northern Japan andmigrates through eastern China in fall to winter in southern China,Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia, Laos, Siam, Burma, andAssam.This is the common winter stonechat of Siam proper, and it hasbeen obtained in Peninsular Siam as far south as Namchiik, Pakchan,and there are examples from Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, in the RafflesMuseum.^' RHODOPHILA FERREA HARINGTONl (Hartcrt)Oreicola ferrea haringloni Hartert, Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, vol. \,Heft 6, p. 711, 1910 (Lienkiang near Foochow, China).Three males and one female, Doi Angka, 2,000-4,000 feet, Decem-ber 2-8, 1928, November 20, 1930; two males and one female, KhunTan Mountains, 3,000-4,200 feet, November 19-22, 1928; two malesand tAvo females, Khun Tan, October 19-28, 1929, February 23, 1932;two males and one female, Doi Sutep, 3,000 feet to summit, December <> Kunsl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 66, no. 2, p. 51, 1916." Journ. Slam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 141, 1931.?< Ibis, 1933, p. 269.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8fi, p 208, 1934." Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Xat. Uist. See. Siam, vol. 5, p. 315, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 40114, 1928, February 3, 1932; one male, Doi Mana, December 30, 1932;one female, Um Mong Valley, December 31, 1932; one male, MaeHong Sorn, January 9, 1933.This race is found from the Kachin and Chin Mountains of Burmaeastward to Yunnan and ail soutii Cliina eastward to Fukien; south-ward it extends to Tonkin, southern Annam, Laos, and northern Siam.It seems to be resident where found but breeds only in the mountains,descending to the valleys in winter.Count Gyldenstolpe " vras able to report it only from Khun Tan,where it seemed to be rare; it has since been found to be more or lessa common bird in the mountains of northern Siam, judged from thenumber of specimens taken by Dr. Smith. In northern Siam it maybe only a winter resident, as Deignan ^* reports it common only on DoiSutep from October to March.ENICURUS SCHISTACEUS SCHISTACEUS (Hodgson)Motacilla schistaceus Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 189, 1836 (Nepal).One male. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 1, 1931; one immaturefemale, Doi Hua Mot, August 26, 1934; two females, Ban Padieng,December 22, 1932; one male, Huey Lak, December 23, 1932; onemale and one female. Song Kwe Valley, January 20, 1933.All these localities are in the north; it has not been taken elsewherein Siam, so far as I am aware.Count Gyldenstolpe*? reports it from Khun Tan and Doi ParSakeng;it has been taken on Doi Sutep by de Schauensee and Deignan, thelatter recording it as occurring between 2,000 and 3,600 feet ''?;de Schauensee ?^ also secured it on Chiengdao.The form ranges from Kumaon to eastern Assam, Burma, southernTenasserim, Yunnan, western Szechwan, and northern Siam to Laos,Tonkin, and southern Annam. Kobinson and Ivloss " say that it isknown from the Malay States from two localities, Perak and thePahang-Selangor boundary.The form occurring in Fukien and Kwantung, southern China,has been separated by Swinhoe and recognized by La Touclie asE. s. leucoschistus,^^ but judged from the latter's remarks it must bevery close to schistaceus, if separable at all.I have examined no specimens from India or southeastern Chinabut have a small scries from western Szechwan; unfortunately mostof them are unsexed. The Siamese series seems to be a darker grayabove than those from Szechwan, but the difference is small. " Ibis, I92n, p. 475.? Journ. Siam Soc. Kat. Hist. Supp!., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931." Ibis, 1920, p. 476. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931. ?' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, vol. 86, p. 209, 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc Siam, vol. 5, p. 310, 1924. ?? A handbook of the birds of eastern China, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 135, 1925, 402 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMENICURUS IMMACULATUS HodgsonBnicurus immaculatus Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 190, 1836 (Nepal)..One female, Khonka Valley, January 9, 1933.This seems to be a new record for Siam. Its range is Garhwal to^Assam, the Chin Hills, Burma, Tenasserim, and northern Siam.This species is of about the same size as schistaceus and much ofthe same color pattern, except the back is black instead of gray andthe white frontal patch is larger and extends farther back.ENICURUS LESCHENAULTI INDICUS HartertEnicurus leschenauUi indicus Hartert, Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, vol. 1,Heft 6, p. 760, 1910 (Margherita, upper Assam).One male, Doi Nangka, November 13, 1930; one female, PangMeton (Doi Nangka), April 29, 1931 ; one male, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet,February 20, 1932.Count Gyldenstolpe ^"^ says that this form is recorded from northernand northwestern Siam, where specimens have been taken at KhunTan and Doi Par Sakeng. Deignan records it as uncommon on DoiSutep from 2,500 to 4,600 feet;^* de Schauensee records it fromChiengsen *" and Chiengdao, 2,000 feet." Chasen and Kloss '^ listit from the Raheng district, western Siam.The form ranges from Sikldm to eastern Assam, Burma, south toTenasserim and northern Siam, east to Laos, Tonkin, and northernAnnam.In southern China and the Shan States of Burma E. I. sinensisoccurs. It differs from indicus m having the second outer tail feathermore than 25 mm longer than the outer; in indicus there is littledifference in length, the outer tail feather being only about 10 mmshorter. The two forms may possibly be separate species. E. I.leschenauUi is found in Java, and in the only specimen examined byme the outer tail feather is only about a fourth as long as the second.If this condition is not abnormal, I do not believe the northern formsbelong in the same form group at all.HYDROCICHLA FRONTALIS (BIyth)Enicurus frontalis Bltth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 156, 1847 (Malay-Peninsula).One male, Sichol, Bandon, August 29, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult female at Tanjong Badak, Tenas-serim, January 5, 1900. This specimen has a brownish tinge notseen in the Sichol male. ?? Ibis, 1920, p. 476. "Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Ilist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931.MProc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 543, 19.30." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 200, 1934.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 177, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MA1\AY I'ENINSULA 403Tids specios occurs in Borneo, Suniaira, and the Malay Statesnorth through Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Robinson and Kloss record it from Trang *^, Junkseylon ^? and KaoLuang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Sritamarat ^^; Robinson ^- from Kao Nawno,Bandon ; Baker ^^ from Tung Song.It is not nearly so common as H. rujicapilla, and not much isknown of its habits.HYDROCICHLA RUFICAPILLA (Teniminck)Enicurus ruficapillus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 90, pi. 534, 1832 (Palemhang, Sumatra).Five males and one female, Sichol, Bandon, August 30-September 3.1929, May 20, 1930; two males and two females, Kao Luang, 1,000feet, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17-23, 1928; four males, Kao Soi Dao,Trang, September 1-December 21, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and five females, Trang(Trang, January 30- February 7, 1897; Kao Nom Plu, 1,000 feet,February 25, 1897; Kao Soi Dao, 1,000 feet, February 4-20, 1899).He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; feet fleshywhite; claws white.A female taken by Dr. Abbott, February 1, 1897, contained twonearly mature eggs.In the series collected by Dr. Smith there are two immature malestaken September 2 and 3. They have begun to assume the firstwinter plumage; the black barring has begun to appear faintly onthe chest; the back is chestnut like the adult female but duller. Inthe adult male the back is black, only the crown, nape, and hind-neckchestnut.The species extends from the Malay States north to southernTenasserim, Sumatra, and Borneo. Robinson and Kloss ?'* report itfrom as far north in Peninsular Siam as Tasan, Chumporn.CYANOSYLVIA SUECICA ROBUSTA (Buturlln)Cyanecula suecica robusta Buturlin, Psovaia i Ruzheinaia Okhota, vol. 13,p. , March 1907, and Orn. Monatsb., 1907 (May), p. 79 (Kolyma Delta).One male, Potaram, February 4, 1926; one female, Bung Borapet,March 21, 1933.Dr. Smith also secured a male at Vientiane, French Laos, Febru-ary 20, 1929. "Ibis, 1911. p. 64. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 112, 1919. ?' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 62, 1923. ?' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. S, p. 107, 1915. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 409, 1919.>* Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 310, 1924. 404 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONiVL MUSEUM Tliis form breeds in northeastern Siberia and migrates late insummer or early in fall througli northeastern China to southernChina, Laos, Siam, and northeastern India to winter.It does not appear to be a common winter visitor to Siam andthere are few records. Wiihamson ^^ took a number at Bangkok,during the winter of 1917-18; Deignan ^^ found it locally common atChiengmai in February and March; de Schauensee ^" secured speci-mens at Meldong, May 8, and Hua Mak, March 17.CALLIOPE TSCHEBAIEWI PrzewalskiCalliope tschebaiewi Przewalski, Mongol i strana Tangut, vol. 2, p. 44, pi. 9,fig. 1, 1876 (mountains of Kansu).One male, Bangkok, December 28, 1925.This is the first record of this thrush for Siam. The species breedsin the mountains of western China, Tibet, and Ladak and winters inBurma, Assam, and rarely in Siam.CALUOPE CALLIOPE (Pallas)Molacilla calliope Pallas, Relse durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReichs, vol. 3, pp. 261, 325, 697, 1776 (Silieria).One male, Muang Kanburi, April 11, 1928; one male, Chiengmai,November 24, 1928; one male, Doi Nangka, November 4, 1930; fivemales, Bung Borapet, March 21-30, 1933.This species breeds in northern Siberia and Japan. In fall itmigrates through China to Tonkin, Annam, Laos, Siam, India, andthe Philippines to winter.Deignan ?* reports it a common bird of passage at Cliiengmai inMarch and recorded once in December; this would indicate that itwinters farther south. It is loiown to winter at Bangkok. Ap-parently it is unrecorded from Peninsular Siam, but as it wintersin Tenasserim, it will be found eventually in the northern part atleast. De Schauensee ^^ secured it at Chiengmai, January 1-30, andat Chiengdao, January 16.lANTHIA CYANURA CYANURA (Pallas)Motacilla cyanurus Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReichs, vol. 2, pp. 664, 690, 709, 1773 (Yenesei, near Kuskoe and nearAbakansk).One male and one female, Doi Angka, 8,000 feet, December 5, 1928.This form breeds in northern Siberia from the Urals eastward toKamchatka and northern Japan; in fall it migrates to southern " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 21, 1918.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931. ?' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 209, 1934." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 210, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 405China, Tonkin, northern Annam, Laos, northern Siain, and Cachar,India (one record) to spend the winter.In Siam it is not a common winter resident apparently, as theonly previous record known to me is one by de Schauensee ^? of asingle male shot on Doi Sutep, 5,500 feet, December 12, one of apair; this same record was afterward given by Deign an. ''^MUSCISYLVIA LEUCURA HodgsonMuscisylvia leucura Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S45, p. 27 (Nepal).Two males and one female, Doi Nangka, November 12, 1930, April22, 27, 1931; one male. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 6, 1931;one male. Ban Padieng, December 22, 1932.De Schauensee " took a male at Cliiengsen in January, and on histhird expedition ^^ he secured a female at Khun Tan, January 3 ; Deignan '^ took a female on Doi Sutep, 3,200 feet, in February, andlater "^ an immature on Doi Angka, 4,600 feet, September 2, 1935.It has been found on Gunong Ijau, Perak, at about 4,000 to 4,700feet, and this is the only place in the Malay Peninsula where it hasbeen obtained. Robinson remarks that the female is darker andmay represent a different race.^^The United States National Museum possesses a pair from theLangbian Peaks region of southern Annam. The female when com-pared with the Siamese female is much more russet above and adeeper tawny-olive on the chest; among other differences the belly ofthe Siam bird is smoke gray while that of the one from Annam isIsabella color. Two females could hardly look more different. Themale from Annam is not so different but is a little lighter blue above.I doubt very much if the Annam and Siam specimens belong to thesame form.This does not seem to be a common bird in Siam, where at presentit has been recorded only from the mountains in the north.The male taken at Pang Meton, May 6, is in its second year and ismolting from the brown into the blue plumage. It has almost fullyacquired the latter, only a few old brov/n feathers remaining in thescapulars and the greater wing coverts; the new blue plumage is con-siderably lighter than in the adult and would require at least onemore molt to attain fully adult condition.The range of the form is from Simla through Nepal and Sikkim toeastern Assam, Burma, Yunnan, western Szechwan, northern Siam,Laos, and Tonkin; doubtfully in the mountains of Perak, MalayStates. '? Proc. Acad. Nat. Rci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 543, 1930." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931." Proc. Acud. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, vol. 81, p. 513, H)30." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 210, 1934." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 142, 1931." Journ. Siam. Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 65, 1935.? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 226, 1928. 406 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATION.\L MUSEUMCOPSYCHUS SAULARIS SAULARIS (Linnaeus)Gracula saularis Linnaeus, Sj'stema naturae, ed. 10, p. 109, 1758 (Bengal).Five males and three females, Bangkok, January 19 and October29, 1925, April 3, May 29, and October 27, 1926, and May 12, 1932;one female, Bung Borapet, June 28, 1932; one male, Koh Chang,January 11, 1926; one male and one female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan,April 22, 1930; one male, Koh Lak, June 15, 1933.One of the males (no. 308697), Bangkok, May 29, has the base ofthe second outer tail feather black, the black reaching nearly halfwaydown on the third and two-thirds down on the fourth. It is a breed-ing bird and could very well be placed with the next form (erimelas) , but as all the others taken at this locality are saularis I prefer for thepresent to regard it as an intermediate; the Koh Chang male is moreor less intermediate also. The male from Koh Lak is in worn plum-age; the exposed portions of the three outer tail feathers are white,the fourth with a black border on the inner web.The range of this form extends from India through Burma to Siamproper, but not Peninsular Siam.Female specimens from southern China, Tonkin, and Laos, aresomewhat lighter both above and below than Siamese specimens.There appears to be no difference in size.Ten males from southern China (6), Tonkin (1), and Laos (3)measure: Wing, 96-104 (100); tail, 85.5-96.5 (90.6); culmen, 18.5-20(19.2) mm. Eight males from India (1) and Siam (7): Wing, 97-103(99.6); tail, 86-96 (89.8); culmen, 17-20.5 (19.2) mm. The femalesmeasure smaller, but the series of this sex at my command is not large,and so measurements are not given.COPSYCHUS SAULARIS ERIMELAS OberholserCopsychus saularis erimelas Oberholser, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 76, no. 6,p. 1, 1923 (Kankarii, Houndraw Branch, Tenasserim).Copsychus saularis haliblectus Oberholser, ihid., p. 2 (Domel Island, MerguiArchipelago).One female, Patalung, July 9, 1929; one 3"0ung male almost adult,Tha Lo, Bandon, September 17, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens in the MalayPeninsula or vicinity: Four males and one female, Trang (TelibonIsland, February 27; Prahmon, March 2, April 1; Lay Song Hong,September 26, all in 1896); three males and one female, Tenasserim(Tanjong Badak, January 12, 1900, and December 11, 1903; VictoriaPoint, March 31, 1900); one female, Domel Island, Mergui Archi-peligo; three males, two females, and two spotted young, SingaporeIsland, May 12,25, 1899, October 15, 29, 1899; one male and onefemale, Kemamun River and Packa River, Trengganu, September 25and October 2, 1900.Dr. Smith's male from Bandon has almost acquired the fully adult BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENIISTSULA 407black plumage. One outer feather of the alula on the left wing, theouter first primary on the right wing, and several outer secondariesof both wings are all that remain of the immature plumage; the tail isabout half grown, but the outer feathers are far enough advanced toshow the pattern and to indicate that it is more or less intermediatebetween saularis and erimelas, somewhat nearer the latter, however.The fact is that many of the Tenasserim birds, apparently, are inter-mediate and that the tail pattern becomes progressively blacker fromthe north to the south of the bird's range.In Tenasserim the male has the exposed portion of the two outertail feathers white; the third outer tail feather a little over a thirdblack at the base, the black running down the inside web considerablyfarther; the fourth feather with a small white spot. Specimens fromSingapore have the black on the third outer tail feather considerablyincreased. I have examined only two males from Sumatra, the typeof C. s. ephalus Oberholser and a male from Loh Sidoh Bay. Appar-ently they do not differ sufficiently from Malayan birds to warrantrecognition; the wings are a little longer than any measured from theMalay Peninsula, 107 mm for the type and 108 mm for the other;whether this difference would hold in a larger series is problematical.This name was given to supplant Lanius musicus Raffles, claimed tobe a pure synonym of Gracvla saularis Linnaeus, but if the Peninsularand Sumatran forms are the same, then C. s. erimelas is the name touse for it, as they were both named in the same paper and the latterhas page priority. If the Sumatran race should prove to be separable,then the name need not concern Siamese ornithologists.Four males from Tenasserim measure: Wmg, 95-104 (100.5); tail,81-90 (84.8); culmen, 18-21 (19.9) mm. Three males from Trang:Wing, 100-103 (101); tail, 86-90 (88); culmen, 19-20.5 (19.8) mm.Four males from the Malay States (3) and Rhio Archipelago (1):Wing, 98-104 (101.8); tail, 90-94 (92.7); culmen, 18-20 (19.2) mm.Specimens from southern Siam and southeastern Siam are inter-mediate between saularis and erimelas but on the whole probablynearer the former. For the present, therefore, the range of erimelas,so far as can be told, is Tenasserim, south through Peninsular Siamto the Malay States and some of the islands to the south of Singapore.KITTACINCLA MALABARICA INTERPOSITA Robinson and KIossKUtacincla malabadca interposila Robinson and Ki.o.ss, Journ. Federated MalayStates Mus., vol. 10, no. 4, p. 262, Dec. 1922 (D ibsin, southern Annam).KUtacincla malaharica pellogyna Obekholser, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 76,no. 6, p. 4, July 1923 (Bok Pyin, Tenasserim).Kitlacincla malaharica lamprogyna OBERHOiiSRK, ibid., p. 5 (St. Luke Island,Mergui Archipelago).One male, Koh Lak, June 24, 1933; ten males, Pran, May 27-June1, 1928, April 2-4, 1931; one female, Kwe Noi, Kanburi, September 408 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM24, 1929 ; three males, Muang Kanburi, April 8-15, 1928 ; two immaturemales, Aranya, July 14, 16, 1930; one male, Vichienburi, February 26,1934; one immature male, Lat Bua Kao, August 9, 1929; one male,Muek Lek, April 16, 1933; one female, Hin Lap, September 30, 1932;one male, Sikeu, near Korat, February 16, 1926; one female, ThaChang, March 18, 1927; eight males and six females, Pak Chong,February 5 and May 10-11, 1925, May 4-9, and December 20, 1926,November 16-26, 1929; one immature male, Knong Phra, PakChong, April 12, 1929; one male, Sriracha, April 19, 1934; two males,Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 27, 1925, February 10, 1927;one adult male and one immature male. Ban Sadet, Sriracha, May28, 30, 1925; one female, Hupbon, November 2, 1931; two males,Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 26, 1931; one female, Nong Yang,November 6, 1931; three males, Koh Kut, May 24, 25, 1929; threemales, Kao Seming, Krat, October 12, 17, 1928; one female, KaoBan Tad, Krat, December 22, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one female, Bok Pyin, Tenasserim,February 14, 1900 (type of pellogyna); one male and three femalesMergui Archipelago (Domel Island, February 24, 27, 1900; St. LukeIsland, January 21, 1900; the last is an immature female and the typeof lamprogyna). He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; billblack; feet pale fleshy.This is a slightly darker and smaller form than the Malay Penmsularace. With it I would place the specimens from southern Tenasserimand the Mergui Archipelago.In the present series there are a number of immature specimens,the immature in the spotted plumage being white on the breast andbelty but becoming red at the next molt, not so deep as in the adult,however, and the females never so deep as the males. At successivemolts the breast becomes darker until the fully adult plumage hasbeen assumed. The rusty edging on the wing persists after an appar-ently adult plumage has been assumed and seems to be retamed in thefemale, even in the adult. Therefore the female may vary from avery light plumsige on the breast and belly in birds m the first winterplumage to quite red on these parts in older birds. The reason formentioning these changes is that a number of nominal races have beenseparated by Dr. Oberholser.The type of pellogyna, Bok Pyin, Tenasserim, is a female, whitishon the belly and rusty on the chest. The tA'^pe of lamprogyna, St.Luke Island, Mergui Archipelago, is also a female, whitish on thebreast and belly with less rusty on the chest. In the series of femalesof interposita collected by Dr. Smith, the specimens vary from abird that almost matches the type of lamprogyna below to one thatalmost matches the type of abbotti on the lower parts, and I believethese races are founded upon individual age characters and are not B]RD? FKOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 409geograptiic. In the females the iipperparts also vary from a steelyblack to a dark gray with a rusty fringe to the feathers, the lattermostly winter-taken birds, and this rusty fringe wears off or becomesreduced as the breeding season approaches. The types in the twoTenasserim forms cited above are not, in my opinion, fully adultbirds.Seventeen males from eastern and southeastern Siam measure:Wing, 88.5-96 (92.6); tail, 152-193 (173.3); culmen, 15-17 (16) mm.Ten males from southwestern Siam: Wing, 90-95 (92.4); tail, 137-178(156); culmen, 14.5-17 (16) mm. Three males from Tenasserim andone from the Mergui Archipelago: Whig, 91-101 (95.7); tail, 155-174(168); culmen, 16-18 (16.9) mm.The range of the present form M'ould extend then from southernTenasserim to southwestern, central, eastern, and southeastern Siamand eastward through southern Indo-China to southern Annam.Dr. Smith's series shows the range of this form in Siam very well,except for the islands. Robinson ^" records it from Koh Chang,Koh Klum, Koh Kut, Koh Kra, and Klong Menao, southeasternSiam. KITTACINCLA MALABARICA TRICOLOR (VielUot)Turdus tricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. 20, p. 291, 1818(islands of the South Seas, pi. 114 of Levaillant; type fixed by Robinsonand Kloss^^; West Java).Kittacincla malabnrica mallopercna Obbrholser, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol.76, no. 6, p. 5, 1923 (Sing Kep Island, southeastern Sumatra).Kittacincla malabarica abbotti Oberholser, ibid., p. 5 (Banka).Three adult males, one immature male, and one female, Bangnara,Patani, May 22, 30, 1924, July 6-15, 1926; one male, Yala, Patani,February 2, 1931; one male, Singora, July 2, 1929; tvv^o males, KaoSoi Dao, Trang, December 23, 28, 1933; one female, Kao Chong,Trang, August 28, 1933; four males, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat(one at 2,000 feet), July 21, 1928, October 2, 6, 1930; two adult malesand three immature males, Sichol, Bandon, September 5, 1929; May15, 24, 1930; one male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 13, 1931; onemale and one female, Koh Pangan, Bandon, Jidy 22, 30, 1931; onemale, Koh Samui, Bandon, August 7, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males in Trang (Telibon Island,February 25, 28, 1896; Lay Song Hong, November 28, 1896; Trang,January 28 and February 3, 1897); two males, Singapore Island,May 16, 1899; one male, Pulo Ijangkawi, December 3, 1899, onefemale, Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 15, 1899; one female,Pulo Tinggi, east coast of Johore, August 3, 1901. He gives the softparts as: Iris dark brown; 1)111 black; feet pale fleshy pink. " Ibis, 1916, p. 763. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siain. vol. 6, p. 314, 1924. 410 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis considerable series averages somewhat larger and paler thanspecimens from southwestern and southern Siam. As a matter offact, the birds from Trang north to Bandon are somewhat intermediatebut on the whole are best placed with the southern form.The series from west Java examined has been inadequate, consistingof only two males, so I am following Robinson and Kloss^^ in assign-ing the Malay Peninsula birds to the west Javan form. The seriesfrom Sumatra has been small but averages somewhat deeper in colorthan the Trang series, though individual specimens in the latterand two or more specimens from farther south match them and insize the Sumatran birds agree with the southern race.The type of K. m. abbotti from Banka is a female, very dark aboveand very red on the breast for this sex. The series of adults of thissex in the series is surprisingly small and none matches it. However,I have seen such specimens in the more northern form and believe thisis only a veiy old female of the Sumatran race. The type of i^. m.mallopercna from Singliep Island is lighter colored.Seventeen males from Singapore north to Bandon measure: Wing,93.5-105 (96.6); tail, 142.5-192 (170.5); culmen, 16-18 (17.2) mm.Four males from Sumatra: Wing, 93-99 (95.7); tail, 160-184 (171.4);culmen, 17-18 (17.4) mm.The range of this form would extend then from western Java toBanka, Sumatra, the Malay States, and Peninsular Siam, north toBandon. Dr. Smith's series shows its distribution in PeninsularSiam fairly well. TURDUS OBSCURUS OBSCURUS GmelinT Urdus obscurus Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 816, 1789 (LakeBaical).One female, Doi Angka, 8,000 feet, December 5, 1928; one female,Doi Nangka, April 26, 1931; one male, Pang Meton (Doi Nangka),May 1, 1931.This bird breeds in Siberia from the Yenisei east to the Amur andmigrates south to southern China, Indo-China, Assam, Burma, andSiam; south through Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, Borneo,Sumatra, the Philippines, and as far south as the Pelew Islands towinter.It seems to be more or less of a common winter resident in Siamproper and Peninsular Siam.There are numerous records from the mainland. Robinson ??records it from Pulo Terutau. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Roc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 314, 1924. ?? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 180, 1917. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 411GEOKICHLA CITRINA CITRINA (Latham)Tardus cUrinus Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 350, 1790 (India).One female, Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000 feet, May 12, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: One male, near Koh Sai,Trang, December 27, 1898; two males and two females, Tenasserim(Tanjong Badak, January 10, 1900; Sungei BaUk, November 29,1900; Pakchan River, December 19, 1900; Red Point, February 18,1904); two males and one female, Mergui Archipelago (Heifer Island,March 6, 1900; Bcntinck Island, March 8, 1900; Sullivan Island,January 6, 1904). He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown;bill black, leaden beneath at base; feet fleshy white or pale brownishfleshy.The female from the Khun Tan Mountains has the white tips to themedian wing coverts barely indicated.The form ranges in the Himalayas from Murree to Simla andGarhwal to Assam, Burma, Yunnan, northern Siam, and southernTenasserim. In winter it wanders far south of its breeding range andhas been taken in Peninsular Siam as far south as Trang. It has alsobeen taken rarely in the Malay States.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it in Trang, Langkawi, and Terutau;Robinson ^^ adds the locahties Pulo Dayang Bunting and Pulo Lontar;Robinson and Kloss ^^ Kao Ram, 1,000 feet, and Kao Luang, NakonSritamarat, Ghirbi, and the vicinity of Junkseylon (Puket)^^- Gylden-stolpe,*^ Koh Lak Paa and Koh Lak ; Robinson ^^ states that it is veryrare in the Malay States; there are specimens in the British Museumlabeled Malacca, two in the Seebohm collection very likely fromPerlis or north thereof, but the only specimen obtained in late yearswas shot on Menang Casing, 3,000-4,000 feet, February 7, 1912.All the Peninsula records are for birds taken in winter or late in spring.GEOKICHLA CITRINA INNOTATA BIythGeocichla innotata Bltth, Journ. Aeiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, p. 370, 1846 (MalayPeninsula).One male and one female, Khun Tan Mountains, 3,000 feet, May 9,13, 1933; one male, Kao Sabap, November 21, 1933; one female, KaoSoi Dao, Trang. December 27, 1933.Dr. Abbott took a male on Kao Nom Plu, 2,000 feet, Trang,February 22, 1897, He describes the soft parts as: Iris deep brown;bill black, pale leaden beneath; feet pale fleshy. ?1 Ibis, 1911, p. 63." Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 179, 1917.w Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. C?, 1923.n Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 110, 1919." KuDpl. Sveuska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 46, 1916. '? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p. 231, 1928. 412 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATION^VL MUSEUMBesides these the United States National Museum contains onemale from Koh Kut, December 26; two males from the llahengregion, western Siam, May 27 and June 4; and one male, Dalat,southern Annam, May 5.The range of this race roughly extends from northern Siam downPeninsular Siam as far as Trang and from southeastern Siam and some ,of the adjacent islands off the coast into Cambodia, southern Annam, _and Laos.Gyldenstolpe **^ long since recorded a male from Khun Tan; deSchauensee ^* took adults and an immature at Chiengmai, 4,500 feet,July 21.Robinson and Kloss ^^ state that in a very large series of birds inthe Raffles Museum from the Malay Peninsula and its adjacent islandsfrom the Isthmus of Kra to Selangor, they have seen no specimens ofthis race south of Trang and that in spite of the apparent e\ddenceafforded by the birds of Koh Kut and southern Annam they arestrongly inclined to think that innotata has no existence, even as asubspecies. It is possible, though, that innotata is the resident formfrom northern Siam southward and that citrina is only a winter visitor,G. c. innotata is distinguished from citrina by the absence of thewhite tips to the median wing coverts.GEOKICHLA INTERPRES (Temminck)Turdus interpres (Kuhl MS.) Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizesd'oiseaux, livr. 75, pi. 458, described on same sheet of text as pi. 445, 1827(Java and Sumatra) . Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male. Lay Song Hong, Trang,December 20, 1896. He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown;bill black; feet fleshy wliite.Dr. C. W. Richmond ^^ recorded the above specimen in an introduc-tion to a paper on three new birds from Trang; Robinson and Kloss ^'record a male from Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, taken March14, 1919, and say they also have it from Tampin, near Malacca.Previously they had recorded it from the hills of Negri Sembilan.^'^Hume ^ referred a specimen taken in Rembau, in what is now NegriSembilan, to Gray's Turdus avensis, which was originally named froman Indian drawing. According to Robinson,^'' the above four speci-mens are the only ones so far taken in the Malay Peninsula. " Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 46, 1S16. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 211, 1934. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5. p. 300, 1924. ?0 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 319, 1900." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 306, 1924.? Journ. Federated Malay Stales Mus., vol. 5, p. SO, 1914. ?* Stray Feathers, vol. 8, p. 39, 1879. '* The birds oJ the Malay Peninsula, vol. 2, p 232. 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 413The species has a wide range, extending from southwestern Burma,tlurough Peninsuhir Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,the Suhi Ishmds, Basilan in the Phihppines, Sumbawa, South Flores,Lombok, and Bah.Besides the above specimen from Trang, I have handled only oneother specimen?a female from Klumpang Bay, southeastern Borneo.The two specimens differ somewhat. The Bornean bird has the chinblack instead of white and the mner primaries and outer secondarieshave a wood-brown mark on each side of the shaft at the tip. Thesedifferences may be individual, however.OREOCINCLA DAUMA DAUMA (Latham)Tardus dauma Latham, Index ornithologicus, vol. 1, p. 362, 1790 (India).One male and one female, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, February 14 and26, 1932; one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 28, 1934.With the last-mentioned female a nest with three nestlings with theeyes unopened was taken. It is a large flat nest composed entirely ofpine needles, except for a narrow rim of mud mixed with a little mossaround the base to fasten it to the limb it was on. It was 10 feet fromthe ground in a tree. The nest cavity is very shallow, and the nestis very unthrushlike in appearance. The outside diameter of thenest is 8 inches; the egg cavity 4 inches wide and about 1 inch deep.The tliree adult specimens are much lighter above and have thewhite tip to the outer tail feathers more extensive than in the nextform (socia). They measure (male first): Wing, 143, 141, 145; cui-men, 22, 23.5, 24 mm.A male from western Kashmir, collected in July, is paler above thanany of the Siamese specimens, but an unsexed specimen from Nepalis quite dark, a little darker even than the Siamese birds.The range is, according to Stuart Baker, in summer the Himalayasfrom Hazara to Assam above 8,000 feet, the mountains of Tenasserimto northeastern Burma; to which may be added the mountains ofnorthern Siam.This species is similar to 0. aurea aurea but is smaller, with only 12rectrices. 0. aurea has 14 rectrices, and the wing ranges in the malefrom 164 to 173 mm.OREOCINCLA DAUMA SOCIA Thayer and BangsOreocincla dauma socia Thayer and Bangs, Mem. Miis. Comp. Zool., vol. 40,no, 4, p. 174, 1912 (Tatscienln., Szcchwan, China).Two males and one female, Doi Nangka, November 11 and 19,1930.These three specimens are darker and moje heavily spotted withblack above than the three birds previously listed as dauma. De33527?38 27 414 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSchauensee^^ had previously recorded it from Doi Sutep, 4,500 feet,December 9.It breeds in the mountains of western China and migrates to nortli-ern Siam, Tonkin, Annam, and Laos to winter.OREOCINCLA HORSFIELDI AFFINIS RichmondOreocinda horsfieldi afTntis Richmond, Proc. Biol. Sec. "Washington, vol. 15, p.158, 1902 (Kao Nok Ram, 3,000 feet, Trang, Peninstilar Siam).Turdus aureus angustirostris Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb., 1916, p. 28 (KoonTan, northern Siam).One male, Doi Nangka, November 3, 1900.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the type (a male), Kao Nok Ram, 3,000feet, Trang, January 13, 1899.Dr. Smith's specimen agrees almost perfectly with the type ofaffinis, except that the belly seems to be more extensively wliite. Itmeasures: Wing, 139; culmen, 23 mm. The type of affinis: Wing,143 ; culmen, 22 mm.0. horsfieldi is a smaller bird than aurea, darker on the back, withthe light markings on the inner webs of the outer tail feathers muchreduced, especially on the outer feather. Five Chinese males ofaurea have wings ranging from 164 to 173 mm. Both species have14 rectrices. Three males and two females of 0. h. horsfieldi of Javahave culmens measuring from 26 to 28 (26.8) mm. This is consider-ably more than in the two males of affinis listed above, and for thisreason I am keeping the two races separate.The United States National Museum contains a female collectedby C. Boden Kloss on the Langbian Peaks, southern Annam, April 26.It is somewhat darker than the type of affinis above. It measures:Wing, 149; culmen, 22.5 mm. The light markings on the outer tailfeathers are almost obsolete. I can count only 12 rectrices, but itmay have lost a pair. It was originally identified as 0. aureus angus-tirostris, but it undoubtedly belongs to a form of horsfieldi. This ledme to believe that angustirostris and affinis are one and the same.Count Gyldenstolpe compares the former with horsfieldi, of which itis a form, but affinis is an earlier name.Robinson and Kloss ^^ say they have specimens from Kao Ram andKao Luang, 1,000-2,000 feet in Nakon Sritamarat that they regardas the same as the Javanese bird.The range of 0. h. affinis is hard to determine. 0. h. horsfieldi mayoccur in the Malay States and 0. h. affinis north of them in PeninsularSiam to the mountains of northern Siam and eastward to southeasternAnnam,M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 543, 1930. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 30?, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 415ZOOTHERA MARGINATA MARGINATA BIythZoothera marginata Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 141, 1847(ArakanXOne male, Kao Ban Tad, Krat, December 22, 1929; one female,Kao Kuap, Krat, December 26, 1929; one female, Kao Sabap, Novem-ber 14, 1933.Kloss has taken tliis bird at Klong Yai, southeastern Siam, inwinter, and Chasen and Kloss ?^ have recorded it from the RahengDistrict, western Siam. Deignan ^^ records one from Doi Siitep,3,500 feet, August 29, 1931, and four from Doi Angka, 4,600-4,800feet, September 5, 7, 1935.This race occurs from Sikkim to eastern Assam, Burma, Tenasserim,Yunnan, and Siam. It is a mountain bird and apparently has notbeen recorded from Peninsular Siam.A smaller race, Z. m. parva, has been described from Tonkin. Aspecimen from Dalat, southern Annam, in the United States NationalMuseum apparently belongs to it. This specimen is a female and issmaller and more reddish above than in the females from Siam.MONTICOLA RUFIVENTRIS (Jardine and Selby)Petrochicla rufivciUris Jardine and Selby, Illustrations of ornithology, vol. 3pt. 9, pi. 129, 1833 (Himalayan District).Three males, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,000 feet, November 23, 1928;one female, Doi Nangka, November 4, 1930.This bird breeds in southern Ciiina in the mountains from Fuldento Yunnan and in the Himalayas from Burma and Assam west toChamba, and south to northern Siam, Laos, and Tonkin.In Siam there are few records. De Schauensee ^^ took four speci-mens on Doi Sutep, 4,500-5,500 feet, in December; and on his thirdexpedition ^ took a male at Chiengdao, 4,600 feet, January 11. Deig-nan ^ says it occurs on Doi Sutep in the cold weather. Tliis impliesthat it is only a winter resident.MONTICOLA SOLITARIA PHILIPPENSIS (Muller)Turdus pldli'ppenniis MUlleh, Natursystems, Suppl., p. 145, 177G (PliilippineIslands).One female, Koh Chang, January 8, 1926.The only reason for assigning this female to the above race is tliatit is paler than the females of pandoo and does not agree with them,but does agree with some specimens of philippensis. After examiningthe females of both forms, however, I have not yet found any satis-factory characters for separating this sex. The males present no '7 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 178, 1928."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, pp. 65, 113, 1935-36." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 543, 1930.I Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 211, 1934. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 143, 1931. 416 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMdifficulties. The male of philippensis has the breast, belly, and underwing coverts rufous.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult female at Prahmon, Trang, March7, 1896, and a male at Tanjong Badak, Tenasserim, January 6, 1900.The present form breeds in northeastern China and winters insoutheastern China, Tonkin, Laos, Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia,Siam, Tenasserim, and the Philippine Islands.The bulk of the population of this form winters and migrates to theeastward of Siam, and there are few authentic records for the country.MONTICOLA SOLITARIA PANDOO (Sykes)Petrocincla pandoo Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1832, p. 87 (Dukhun, India.).One male, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,000 feet, November 19, 1928;one male, Doi Angka, December 9, 1928; two males, Khun Tan, 4,000feet, October 19, 1929, February 20, 1932; one female, Chiengmai,November 26, 1928; one male, Mekhan, February 6, 1932; one male,Ban Padieng, December 23, 1932; one male and one female, Bangkok,September 27 and October 20, 1923; one male, Meklong, January 26,1924; one male, Nong Klior, Sriracha, November 9, 1926; one male,Pak Chong, November 16, 1929; one male and one female, Hin Lap,December 6, 12, 1931; one female, Kao Sabap, October 28, 1933.The United States National Museum has received through Dr.W. L. Abbott from C. Boden Kloss one male, Koh Klum, December17, 1914; three females, Koh Si Chang, January 26, 1915; and onefemale, Lat Bua Kao, October 1926Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male, Victoria Island, Tenasserim,December 4, 1903; one female, Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March29, 1904; and one female, Bentinck Island, Mergui Archipelago,March 11, 1900.All the males in the above series are a deep orient blue, with avariable amount of subterminal cross bars and Ughter tips to thefeathers, the remains of an immature plumage that probably wears offbefore the breeding season; not a single specimen has any trace ofrufous below. In a considerable series of this form from westernChina (Yunnan, Szechwan, and Hupeh), there are only three speci-mens that have any rufous. Judged by the range given by StuartBaker ^ this form should be M. s. affinis, but my specimens do notagree with the characters assigned to it, and I am following Hartert *and Lord Rothschild ^* in assigning the Chinese and Siamese speci-mens of the solidly blue rock thrushes to M. s. pandoo. ' The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 1, p. 175, 1924. * Die Vogel der paliiirktisehen F..una, vol. 1, Heft 6, p. 675, 1910.^oNov. Zool., vol. 33, p. 257, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 417The form breeds in the mountains of northern India, Burma, Tibet,and western China and wdnters in southern India, Siam, southernChina, Tonldn, Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia. It seemsgenerally distributed over Siam proper in the winter and has beentaken in Peninsular Siam as far south as Trang and Pulo Pandau andhas been recorded from Perak.?Lowe ? has recorded M. s. affinis from 28 miles east of Umpang,Siam, but I have reached the conclusion that this name represents aphase of M. s. pandoo and is not a geographic form.MONTICOLA GULARIS (Swinhoe)Oroecetes gidaris Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, p. 31S, 1863 (nearTientsin, China).Three males, Kao Sabap, Chantabun, January 7, 1930, November2-25, 1933; one female, Chantabun, February 12, 1930; one male,Kao Kuap, Krat, December 27, 1929; one female, Kao Bantad, Krat,December 28, 1929; one male, Kao Seming, Krat, January 1, 1930.This beautiful rock thrush breeds in northeastern China, Man-churia, northern Korea, and probably southeastern Siberia. Itmigrates through eastern China in fall and spring and winters inTonkin, Annam, Cochinchina, Cambodia, and Siam, and as astraggler to Burma and Tenasserim.Count Gyldenstolpe ^ recorded it as a very rare winter visitor toSiam, where at the time he wrote it had been recorded only twice,from Khun Tan and from Klong Menao. Robinson and Ivloss ^secured a single male at Nong Kok, Ghirbi, Peninsular Siam, January5, 1918, and say that one is on record from the Perak Hills. DeSchauensee ^ took a male at Chiengmai, 1,500 feet, January 17.MYOPHONUS TEMMINCKH RILEYI DeignanMyophonus caeruleus rileyi Deignan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 51, p. 25,1938 (Doi Angka, Siam).Two females, Doi Angka, 7,000 feet, December 6, 1928.These two females do not agree with a small series from Kashmir;the blues are darker and less purplish.This bird is not common in northern Siam where previously it hadbeen obtained only in Khun Tan.^?This form was separated after this bulletin was in type and isknown only from the above specimens.This species can readily be distinguished from eugenei by having thefeathers of the rump, flanks, and breast with white on the base along ? Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1911, p. 64. ? Ibis, 1933, p. 271. ' Ibis. 1920, p. 478. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 112, 1919. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Scl. Phila., vol. 86, p. 212, 1934." Ibis, 1920, p. 479. 418 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMthe shaft; from crassirostris by the slenderer, less heavy bill; fromcaeruleus by having the under mandible yellow.Both eugenei and temminckii occur in northern Siam, the formerbeing the commoner. Lord Rothschild says they occur together inthe same areas. ^^ MYOPHONUS EUGENEI EUGENEI HumeMyiophoneus eugenei Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 1, p. 475, 1873 (Thayetmyo).Myiophoneus stonei de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81,p. 469, 1929 (Chiengmai, northern Siam).Two females, Doi Nangka, November 6, 1930, April 26, 1931; onemale, Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 4, 1931; one male, Doi Sutep,February 3, 1932; one male, Meklian, February 8, 1932; one male,Song Kwe Valley, January 20, 1933. All these localities are innorthern Siam.The United States National Museum possesses a good series ofthis species from the mountains of Yunnan and Szechwan, China;none was taken in the winter, however, and it may be that they migratefarther south after the breeding season. A series of seven males fromCliina (Yunnan and Szechwan) are darker and duskier above thanthe series from Siam. The foreheads m the Siamese birds are anespecially bright, shining, dark violet-blue, much darker and duslderin the Chinese series. A female collected by C. Boden EHoss at KohLak, southwestern Siam, November 16, is a lighter bluish violet thanany in the northern Siam series.The four males from Siam measure: Wing, 170-181 (176); tail,116-135 (123.9); culmen, 28.5-35 (30.6) mm. Seven males fromYunnan and Szechwan: Wing, 168-189 (181.6); tail, 114-134 (127.4);culmen, 28-32.5 (30.2) mm.This species evidently breeds in northern Siam, and Dr. Smith'sbirds would indicate that it is there also in winter, so it evidently doesnot migrate far if at all. The birds breeding in China may movesouth, possibly passing more to the eastward, or just move from thehigh elevations, where they breed, to the vallej's to winter.The species ranges from the mountains of Yunnan and westernSzechwan, China, to eastern Burma, northern and southwesternSiam, cast to Tonkin, Laos, Annam, and Cambodia.De Schauensee ^^ took a small series on his third expedition atChiengmai, Chiengdao, Kengkoi, and the southern Shan States;with this additional material he finds that his Myiophoneus stonei isuntenable. " Nov. Zool., vol. 33, p. 256. 1926." Free. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 212, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 419MYOPHONUS CRASSIROSTRIS RobinsonMyiophoneus crassirostns RobinsOxM, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 25, p. 99, 1910(Trang, Peninsular Siam).Myophonus tetniniuckii changensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 41,p. 207, 1928 (Koh Chang, Siam).One adult male, Koh Chang, January 6, 1926; one adult male, KaoKuap, Krat, December 27, 1929 ; one female, Kao Sabap, November 18,1933; one immature male, Kao Luang, 1,000 feeet, Nakon Sritamarat,July 23, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on Pulo Terutau, LangkawiGroup, April 1, 1904.The male from Kao Kuap is a lighter, more purplish bird than theKoh Chang male; both have white tips to the greater wing coverts.The male collected by Dr. Abbott that I formerly took to representtypical crassirostris is a totally different-looking bird from either ofthe two above males. It is more of a dusky violet-blue, both aboveand below, and lacks the white tips to the greater wing coverts, butin describing changensis I overlooked the fact that in the originaldescription crassirostris was also said to have white tips to the greaterwing coverts. Now I think it best for the present to adopt Mr.Kloss's view ^^ that the Terutau male may represent a plumage phaseand place changensis in synonymy.The type came from Trang, and it has been taken on Langkawiand Terutau;^* Koh Muk (Pulo Muntia), Trang, and Pasir Raja(Pulo Lontar), southwestern Siam '^; Nong Kok, Ghirbi, PeninsularSiam.^^This would give it a range from Trang, Peninsular Siam, to south-eastern Siam.The immature male from Kao Luang, mentioned above, is duskyslate-violet above without lighter tips to the feathers, and blackishbelow; the feathers of the breast with white shafts basally; the billthick and heavy as in the adult.The adult can be distinguished from M. temminckii by the thickheavy bill ; from eugenei by the heavier bill and the white bases to thefeathers of the breast and flanks.MYOPHONUS CAERULEUS CAERULEUS (Scopoli)Gracula caerulea Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae, pt. 2, p. 88, 1786(China).One male and one female, Doi Angka, 6,500-7,000 feet, December 4and 7, 1928; two females, Doi Nangka, November 5 and 9, 1930.n Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 121, 1930. '? Robinson and Kloss, Ibis, 1911, p. 62.i? Robinson, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 178, 1917. "? Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 110, 1919. 420 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThese specimens agree better with the form from southeastern Chinarather than the western form immansuetus. It is rather remarkablethat northern Siam is the only place from which the United StatesNational ^Iiiseum has received the following three species of thisgenus: temminckii, eugenei, and caeruleus.The range of the form is from northern Siam to southeastern China,Tonkin, Laos, Annam, and Cambodia. In Hupeh and Szechwan prov-inces of western China M. c. immansuetus Bangs and Penard occurs ^^;it has brighter, more shining blue tips to the feathers.In northern Siam this is a comparatively rare bird, only a fewrecords of captures being recorded. Count Gyldenstolpe '^ records itfrom Khun Tan; Chasen and lOoss ^^ from Doi Sutep, 5,500 feet. DeSchauensee ^? secured a male at Chiengdao, January 17.It is easily distinguished from the other members of the genusoccurring in Siam by its wholly black bill.COCHOA VIRIDIS HodgsonCochoa viridis Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 5, p. 359, 1836 (Nepal).One immature male and one immature female, Khun Tan, October23 and 26, 1929.These were apparently the first specimens collected in Siam of thisfine species, and were recorded by me.^^It ranges from the Himalayas to Burma, northern Siam, southernChina, and south to Laos, Tonkin, and southern Annam. Thoughimmature, both of these specimens have nearly acquired the adultplumage. The male has the pileum white barred wdth black and witha slight bluish wash; ear coverts and rictus white tipped with black;throat ochraceous-bufF with dusky bars; jugulum with a few feathersochraceous-orange tipped with black, and there are a few similarfeathers scattered through the green of the breast and on the scapularsand hindneck; otherwise it is like the adult. The female is similar butlighter green below. It is acquiring a few cobalt-blue feathers on thecrown.The adult male is dark emerald-green, lighter green below; wingsand tail black, the outer margins of the wing feathers basally, and theupper surface of the tail until near the tip, cadet blue; pileum a brighterblue; lores and a streak surrounding the eyes black; wing, 135-145 mm,Stuart Baker -^ described Cochoa rothschildi from two specimens, onetaken in Sikkim, the other in Manipur. He says that it differs fromviridis in having the lowerparts almost entirely orange-brown; the ear " Dec. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, p. 147, 1925.?? Kunffl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Ilnndl., vol. 50, no. 2, p. 61, 1916; Ibis, 1920, p. 479. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 245, 1932.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 212, 1934. ?i Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 157, 1933.M The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 186, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 421 coverts, sides of head, and cheeks are white, producing a demicollaron the sides of neck. M. Delacour ^^ thinks this is a dimorphic phaseHkely to occur anywhere within the range of the species.De Schauensee ^^ records two males taken at Chiengmai, 4,500-5,500feet, July 8 and 21, and Deignan ^^ a specimen taken at the same placeon July 16, 1935.Family SYLVIIDAE: Old World WarblersACROCEPHALUS ARUNDINACEUS ORIENTALIS (Teimnlnck and Schlegel)Salicaria lurdlna orientaUs Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold's Fauna Japonica,Aves, p. 50, pi. 20b, 1847 (Japan, Borneo, Makassar, and Sumatra).One male and two females, Bangkok, September 21, 1933, Septem-ber 23, 1924, and April 5, 1926; one female, Korat, February 14, 1929;one male, Chantabun, March 15, 1930.This bird is not uncommon in winter apparently in the vicinity ofBangkok, as it has been reported from there by a number of collectors.Deignan ^^ reports it locally common in winter in reed beds at Chieng-mai and as leaving in March. De Schauensee " took specimens atMeldong, November 17; Hua Mak, December 17; Tap Chang, April4; and Petriu, October 23. Robinson and Kloss '^ record two femalesfrom Namxchut, Pakchan, February 24-26. Miiller ^^ took one onSalanga (Puket), February 28.The form breeds in northern China, eastern Siberia, and Japan andmigrates to southern China, Indo-China, Burma, Assam, Slam, theMalay States, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the Philippines to winter.LOCUSTELLA CERTHIOLA (Pallas)Motacilla certhiola Pallas, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, vol. 1, p. 509, 1827(beyond Lake Baical).One immature female, Bangkok, September 21, 1923; one adultfemale, Meldong, January 5, 1924.This species breeds in eastern Siberia and migrates to southernChina, Indo-China, Assam, Burma, eastern Bengal, and Siam to winter.Williamson ^? records it from Bangkok; Robinson and I\Ioss ^^ fromKandhuli, Chaiya, Peninsular Siam, September 29, and Pulo Condore.^'Apparently it is not a common winter visitor to Siam. " L'Oiseau, new ser., vol. 2, p. 435, 1932. ?* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 212, 1934." Joiirn. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 114, 1936." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 148, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 228, 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 319, 1924." Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, p. 10, 1882. "> Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 197, 1915." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 318, 1924." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 4, p. 89, 1921. 422 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDr. Siislikin ^^ has proposed di\admg the species into a number offorms, but other ornithologists, \vith the exception of La Touche,^^ havenot followed him. My material is not sufficient to go into the question.LOCUSTELLA LANCEOLATA (Temminck)Sylvia lanceolata Temminck, Manuel d'ornithologie, ed. 2, vol. 4, p. 614, 1840(Rlaiuz, error; Russia).One male, Koh Tao, off Bandon, December 29, 1926; one male,Muek Lek, April 27, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one m^ale off the coast near SungeiUjong, Straits of Malacca, November 5, 1900 : one male, 10 miles southof Penang, Straits of Malacca, October 4, 1902 (both these birds flew,aboard ship); and one unsexed, Victoria Point, Tenasserim, March 31,1900.This species breeds in northeastern Siberia and migrates to southernCliina, Indo-Cliina, Siam, Burma, and the Malay States to winter.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from northern Siam. Deignan ^"^ took oneat Chiengmai in February. Robinson and KJoss ^^ took one in Trangand later ^^ recorded a male from Namchut, Pakchan, February 26,and a female from Tasan, Chumporn, March 26. Aagaard took afemale on Doi Sutep, 4,600 fect.^^Probably this warbler is a more regular w-inter visitor than the fewwinter records indicate.DUMETICOLA THORACICA THORACICA BlythDumeticola thoracica Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 584, 1846(Nepal).One male. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 2, 1931.This specimen is molting. It is not so russet a brown above, thesuperciliary is whiter, and below it is much less spotted on the jugulumthan specimens from Yunnan. The lower mandible is yellowish,while in Yunnan birds tlie whole bill is black, but the latter are breed-ing birds. I hardly believe this male is the same form as D. t. thoracica,but it evidently belongs to this species and is placed here for thepresent.Dr. Sushkin *? has revised the species, but without adequate materialit is difficult, if not impossible, to discriminate the forms.It breeds in the llimalaj^as from Kashmir to Bhutan and in themountains of Yunnan and Szechwan. Apparently it is nonmigratory.M Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 44-47, 1925. '* A handbook of the birds of eastern China, vol. 1, pt. 3, pp. 218-224, 1926.?5 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 167, 1915. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 148, 1931." Ibis, 1911, p. 66." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, 1924, p. 318." Chasen and Kloss, Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 245 ,1932.? Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 40-44, 1925. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 423ORTHOTOMUS SUTORIUS MACULICOLLIS MooreOrthotomus maculicollis Moore, Proc. Zool. See. London, 1854, p. 309, 1855(Malacca).Two males, Bangnara, Patani, July 13, 16, 1926; one immaturefemale, Bukit, Patani, Januaiy 23, 1931; one male, Yala, Patani,January 31, 1931; one male, Pran, April 3, 1931; two males, MuangKanburi, April 16, 1928; one male, Aranya, July 13, 1930; eight males,seven females, and one unsexed, Bangkok, May 22, 1923, February 28and October 30, 1925, April 5-September 6, 1926, April 15-May 3,1934; one female, Bung Borapet, March 21, 1933; one male, NongKhor, near Sriracha, March 23, 1926; one male, Muek Lek, April 19,1933; one male, Pak Chong, May 8, 1925; three males and one female,Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20, 22, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one female, Tyching, Trang, June 30,1896; one male, the Bindings, Straits of Malacca, April 12, 1900; anda male and female, Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, June 9, 1900.The small series from Peninsular Siam are slightly darker above thanspecimens from Siam proper, but the difference is slight and notworthy of being recognized by name. The only specimens examinedfrom northern Siam are the three males and a female from Nan andthese can hardly, if at all, be distinguished from Peninsular specimens.Some specimens from Siam proper have the cheeks and ear covertsunstreaked, but they all seem to be females, and I believe this to bemore or less of a sexual character. All the males with long centralfeathers have streaked or grayish ear coverts. It is my belief that0. s. patia does not reach Siam at all, at least in its typical form, andall Siamese records had best be assigned to maculicollis.This would make the range of the latter extend from Singaporenorthward through Peninsular Siam to northern Siam and eastwardto Cambodia, Laos, Cochinchina, and southern Annam.Herbert *^ states that it breeds around Bangkok from early in Mayto late in August, though June and early July is the most generaltime; he describes the nest and eggs.Dr. Smith took an immature female at Bukit, Patani, January 23.It is about half grown, a pretty late date; possibly in the south thebreeding season is irregular. This young bird resembles the femaleexcept that the pileum is light brownish olive, instead of bay with agrayish nape.Apparently this is not a common bird in Peninsular Siam, becomingmore abundant in the north. It is a common garden species aroundBangkok and is resident where found. ?> Journ, Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 98. 1923. 424 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMORTHOTOMUS ATROGULARIS ATROGULARIS TemminckOrthotomus atrogularis Temminck, Nouvcau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 101, in text to pi. 599, 1836 (Malacca and Borneo).One male, Bangnara, Patani, July 19, 1926; one male, Bukit, Patani,January 23, 1931; one male, Huey Yang, Nakon Sritamarat, October1, 1930; one male and one female, Tlia Lo, Bandon, September 27,1931 ; seven males and one female, Pran, May 29, 1928, April 1, 3, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Four males and threefemales, Trang (Prahmon, February 21-March 27, 1896; Trang,February 2, 1897; Kok Sai, December 28-29, 1898) ; two males and twofemales, Singapore Island, May 14-25, 1899; and one male. HeiferIsland, Mergui Archipelago, March 5, 1900. He took a nest and threeheavily incubated eggs in Trang May 29, 1896. He gives the softparts as: Iris pale yello\\'ish brown; upper mandible horn brown,lower mandible pale fleshy; feet brownish fleshy.This series averages a darker green above than a series from easternSiam and the pileum averages darker also, but the lower parts are notgrayer. There seems to be no great difference in size between the twoseries. Ten adult males from the Malay Peninsula north to Pranmeasure: Wing, 43-48.5 (45); tail, 33-39 (35.9); culmen, 14.5-15.5(15) mm. Ten adult males from central and eastern Siam: Wing,42.5-45.5 (43.7); tail, 31-39 (36); culmen 13.5-15 (14.3) mm.The largest specimens in the above series are from the south, andthere is a gradual diminution northward. The specimens from Pranare intermediate but in color seem more nearly to match the southernform. Unfortunately, I have no adult specimens from southern Siam.It is quite possible that the specimens from central, southeastern, andeastern Siam are only intermediates and should really be placed withthe Peninsular form.0. a. atrogularis ranges from Singapore northward to Pran, south-western Siam, and southern Tenasserira. It occurs throughout theMalay Peninsula, and has been recorded on Pulo Dayang Bunting, PuloLangkawi, and Pulo Terutau,^^ Koh Samui, and Koh Pennan^^ byRobinson. ORTHOTOMUS ATROGULARIS NITIDUS HumeOrthotomus nitidus Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, pp. 478, 507, 1874 (northernTenasserim) , Two males, Muang Kanburi, April 8, 11, 1928; two males and afemale, Bangkok, April 8, 1924, June 1, 2, 1926; two males, Aranya,July 12, 13, 1930; one male immature, Chiengdao, January 28, 1932;one male, Muang Pai, December 27, 1932; four males and one female,Pak Chong, May 8, 11, 1925, November 22, 29, 1929; one female,Lam Klong Lang, Pak Chong, June 15, 1925; one male, Hin Lap, ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 182, 1917.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 6, p. 150, 1916. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 425September 30, 1932; one female, Ban Sadet, Sriracha, May 31, 1925;one male, Huey Yang, Sriracha, no date; one male, Lem Sing Moun-tain, Sriracha, June 8, 1926; one male, Kao Seming, Krat, October 10,1928. Dr. Smith also took two females at Vientiane, Laos, February20, 23, 1929.Herbert ** reports four nests found in the Bansakai fruit gardens inJune and July, the nest and eggs similar to those of 0. sutorius maculi-collis; the note is quite different, however.Stuart Baker *^ states that the young of 0. a. atrogularis is like thefemale, but young birds of 0. a. nitidus from Ban Sadet and Aranyahave the pileum green like the back and are wliiter below. The BanSadet specimen was taken May 31 and is over half grown; that fromAranya, taken July 12, is considerably older and there are a fewcinnamon-rufous feathers coming in on the pileum. The Ban Sadetdate would indicate a much earher breeding date than those givenby Herbert.Kinnear ^^ would lump the Peninsular bird with that of nitidus, andit must be admitted that there is not much difference between the twoforms, but as the northern birds show some differences I am keepingthem separate for the present.The range of 0. a. nitidus is Sikldm to eastern Assam, Burma,northern Tenasserim, northern, western, and eastern Siam, and east-ward into Laos, Cochinchina, Annam, and Tonldn.0. a. eum.elas Oberholser occurs in Banka and possibly Sumatra;0. a. humphreysi Chasen and Kloss in northern Borneo.ORTHOTOMUS SERICEUS HESPERIUS OberholserOrthotomus sericeus hesperius Oberholser, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. L59, p. 89,1932(Linga Island, Rhio Archipelago).Orthotomus ruficeps Authors, not of Lesson.One male and one female, Buldt, Patani, January 25, 1931; onemale, Patalung, July 8, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an immature male at Prahmon, Trang,April 8, 1896, and an immature male on Singapore Island, May 20,1899.The three specimens collected by Dr. Smith are adult, with mouse-gray backs, the pileum and tail light chestnut. There are threestages of the immature plumage represented in the series in the UnitedStates National Museum. An immature from Linga Island, takenJuly 22 (no. 170789), has the upperparts saccardo umber, the pileumwith a slight rufescent tinge; tail fuscous, becoming blackish sub-terminally, with rufescent edges and tip; underparts primroseyellow. The next stage is the immature collected by Dr. Abbott in " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 99, 1923." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 414, 1924.? Ibis, 1921, p. 321. 426 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMTrang in which the upperparts become olive-brown, the forehead andsuperciUaries chestnut, the lowerparts cream-buff, the middle of thebreast and belly white, the tail with more rufescent along the edges.The next stage is represented by a bird from Linga Island, takenJuly 20, which is much like the last except the whole pileum hasbecome chestnut. The first fall plumage is like that of the adult butdarker on the back and has a subterminal black bar on the centraltail feathers and fuscous along the shaft. The two males collectedby Dr. Smith have no black on the central tail feathers, but the femalehas.If we may judge from the immature birds described above, thereare no male adult specimens in the United States National Museumat present from Sumatra or the Rliio Archipelago except the type.The specimens from there are darker above than the adults collectedby Dr. Smith, but this I believe is the result of their being not fullymature. The type of hesperius is in worn plumage, and this mayaccount for its darker color. It is quite possible, though, that themainland specimens may represent a different form.The form ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Peninsu-lar Siam to Singapore, Sumatra, and the Rliio Arcliipelago.In Peninsular Siam there are few records ; it seems to be commonerfarther south.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Chong, Trang; Robinson*^from near Ban Kok Klap, Bandon; Baker *^ from Maprit; Robinsonand Kloss *? from Tasan, Chumporn. The last seem to be the mostnorthern record for Siam.A closely related form, 0. s. sericeus Temminck, occurs in Borneo.ORTHOTOMUS RUFICEPS RUFICEPS (Lesson)Edela ruficeps Lesson, Traits d'ornithologie, p. 309, 1831 (Australia, error:Malacca) . Orthoiomus cineraceus Blyth, 1845, and authors.Two males, Nakon Sritamarat, September 16, 21, 1926.These are the only two mainland specimens of this form examinedby me.This has been generally given as a race of Orthoiomus sepium ofJava, but that species is deep olive above, instead of gray, and yellow-ish below, only the forencck gray. 0. r. ruficeps also is said to occurin Java,*^ but this would hardly be the case if they were races.Williamson has a female in his collection also from Nakon Srita-marat, taken November 23, which Robinson and Kloss state is the " Ibis, 1911, p. 66.<9 Journ. FedRrated Malay States Mus., vol. r., p. 108, 1915.? Journ Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 200, 1919.M Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 321, 1921." Bartels and Stresemann, Trcubia, vol. 11, p. 133, 1929; Kuroda, Birds of Java, vol. 1, p. 244, 1933. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 427farthest north that it has been taken in the Peninsula.^^Stuart Baker ^^ gives its range as southern Tenasserim and Siamto Singapore; Cochinchina; Java (Bartels and Stresemann); andSumatra.A form occurs in Borneo and two or more on islands off the westcoast of Sumatra, and there is a specimen from Cagayan Suki inthe United States National Museum. It is darker and has a deeperreddish head than either the Bornean or mainland form and hasbeen named 0. c. cagayanensis Riley.CISTICOLA JUNCIDIS MALAYA LyneaCtsticola juncidis malaya Lynes, Ibis, 1930, Cisticola Supplement, p. 92 (Klang,Malay Peninsula).Two adult females and one immature female, Bangkok, October 3,1923, October 23, 1925, August 3, 1926; one female. Bung Borapet,June 21, 1932; one male. Ban Ton, Udon, February 26, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on the Bindings, Straits ofMalacca, April 12, 1900.Herbert " says it is exceedingly common in central Siam, nestingin the paddy fields. He has seen as many as 30 nests in one morning.The nesting season is from early in May, if the rains are good, to theend of August, and sporadically throughout the year. Deignan ^'states that it is common in ricefields at Chiengmai during the rains,rare and local at other seasons. De Schauensee ^^ records a malefrom Hua Mak, March 17; Baker '^ gives the additional localities ofSamkok, Sansep, and Muek Lek.I have not examined any specimens from northern Siam. It isquite possible that birds from there may be C. j. cursitans.Lynes gives the range as Lower Burma, Siam, Malay Peninsula,Nicobars, Sumatra, and western Java.FRANKLINIA GRACILIS (Franklin)Prinia gracilis Franklin, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1831, p. 119 (Ganges orVindijian Hills).One male. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 2, 1931; one male,Khun Tan, 4,500 feet, February 20, 1932; one female, Chiengmai,November 26, 1928; one female, Muang Kanburi, April 15, 1928;one female, Korat, February 14, 1929.The fall- and v/inter-taken birds are quite different from those ofsummer. The male from Pang Meton is deep mouse gray on the " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 322, 1924." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. llfi, 1924. ?< Joiirn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 100, 1923. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 149, 1931.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8r>, p. 228, 1934. ?'Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siant, vol. 3, p. 200, 1919. 428 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMpileum and liindneck without a superciliary, becoming a light olive-brown on the back; lowerparts are grayish white, with a broad neutralgray band across the chest. The Chiengmai female is light buffybrown on the pileum, superciliary and cheeks light gray; back darkerthan the pileum, with a rufescent tinge; lowerparts wliitish, flankscream-buff. The male from Khun Tan is darker on the pileum andmore rufescent on the back than the above female amd more of agray on the throat. The two females at the bottom of the list arewhiter below than the Chiengmai female, and there is only a supra-loral streak, very narrow and ill-defined, in the April bird.An adult male from the Yangtze Gorge, Yunnan, collected May 17,has a much longer tail than the adult male from Pang Meton. Inplumage the two are similar. The Pang Meton male measures:Wing, 44; tail, 42 mm. The Yunnan male: Wing, 49; tail, 51 mm.Both specimens are without a superciliary. The females are con-siderably smaller than the males.The species ranges pretty much all over India, Assam, Burma,Tenasserim, Siam proper, Yunnan, and Indo-China.Deignan ^^ reports it common in the brush along ricefields atChiengmai. De Schauensee *^ took specimens at Chiengdao, Chieng-mai, and Sriracha, and says that it is found up to 5,000 feet in north-ern Siam. FRANKLINIA KUFESCENS RUFESCENS (BIyth)Prinia rufescens Blyth, Journ. Aslat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 16, p. 456, 1S47 (Arracan).Prinia beavani Walden, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1866, p. 55 (Schouay Goon,Sahvin River, Tenasserim).Two adult males and one immature male, Bangnara, Patani, July 13,14, 1926; one male, Bukit, Patani, January 26, 1931; one immaturemale, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17, 1928; two males,Sriracha, April 19, 20, 1934; one immature male and one female, NongMong, Muang Krabin, August 23, 1925; one female, Sakeo, nearKrabin, May 2, 1928; one female, Tha Chang, March 2, 1927; fourmales, Pak Chong, May 7, 18, 1925, April 29 and May 9, 1926; onemale, Lat Bua Kao, August 6, 1929; one unsexed and one immature,Doi Hua Mot, August 29, 1934; two males, Khun Tan, 4,500 feet,October 18, 1929 and February 25, 1932.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one adult male, three adult females,and one immature female in Trang (Prahmon, Februar}' 24, 1896;Lay Song Hong, November 23, 1896; Trang, January 20-February 12,1897). He describes the soft parts as: Iris pale yellowish brown;bill black, pale fleshy beneath; feet pale brownish fleshy, claws palehorn brown. " Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 149, 1931. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pluladelphia, vol. 86, p. 229, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 429The Peninsular specimens are slightly darker above than those fromeastern Siam, but the difference is very slight. There seems to be nodifference in size. Nine males from northern and eastern Siammeasure: Wing, 42-45.5 (43); tail, 39-51 (41.8); culmen, 12-12.5(12.2) mm. Four m.ales from Peninsular Siam: Wing, 40.5-44 (42.5);tail, 41-45 (42.9); culmen, 12-12.5 (12.2).A young female about half grown, taken by Dr. Abbott at Prahmon,Trang, February 24, resembles the winter adult above; the breast istinged with primrose yellow; the flanks are chamois; otherwise likethe parent.Dr. Smith seciu-ed three older young, about adult size, but still withthe yellow tinge to the breast. The3^ were taken at Bangnara,July 13, Kao Luang, July 17; and Nong Mong, August 23. Healso took a young bird, slightly younger than the one taken by Dr.Abbott at Doi Hua Mot, August 29. It is deeper yellow on thebreast than Dr. Abbott's specimens and the bill is smaller and lightercolored.The form ranges from the Malay States through Peninsular Siamto western, northern, and eastern Siam, Tenasserim, Burma, Yunnan,and southern Annam. It has been taken pretty much all over Siam,including the Peninsular section, and seems to be resident whereverfound.De Schauensee,'''^ in commenting on a series from Chiengmai andChiengdao, says that it is found up to 5,500 feet where there is longgrass. Herbert ?' records it breeding at Bangkok and Samkok inJuly and describes the eggs.It must breed very early in the Peninsula, as witnessed by theyoung collected bj'^ Dr. Abbott cited above, though a slightly youngerbird was taken by Dr. Smith in August.MEGALURUS PALUSTRIS ANDREWSI BangaMegalurus palusiris andrewsi Bakgs, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 44, p. 592,1921 (Meriting, Burma border).Two males. Bung Borapet, June 21, 1931, March 25, 1933 ; two malesRangsit, May 5, 1929.These specimens are larger than the only Javan male with which theyhave been compared. This seems to be the only constant character.A series from the Philippines in size is nearer the Javan form thanthat from the mahiland. One male from Java measures: Wing, 95.5;culmeu, 17 mm. Ten males from the Philippines: Wing, 97-102(98.8); culmen, 16.5-18.5 (17.8) mm. Four males from Siam: Wing,100-105.5 (102.6); culmen, 18-20 (19.2) mm.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8G, p. 229, 1934. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 106, 1923.33527?38 28 430 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe present race ranges from Bengal to Assam, Burma, Yunnan,Siam, Tonldn, Annam, Laos, and Cambodia.Williamson ^^ records it from Samkok, 35 miles north of Bangkok;Bangkok; Klong Rangsit, 15 miles north of Bangkok; and Paknampo.Herbert ?^ reports it from Samkok, Ayuthia, Palaiampo, and also alongthe Petrieu line as well as Ban Yang, central Siam. It was not commonand breeds in the last half of June or early in July. He gives adescription of the nest and eggs. Deignan ^* found one at Cliiengmaiin February and later recorded others in January and February.M. p. palustris Horsfield is found in Java and Bali. A/, p. JorhesiBangs is confined to the Philippines.The mainland race is widely separated from that of Java by severalhundred miles of country where the species is not known to occur.It is apparently sedentary.PHRAGMATICOLA AEDON (Pallas)Muscicapa aedon Palt.as, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReichs, vol. 3, p. 695, 1776 (Dauria).One male, I\an, April 14, 1930; one female, Ta Pra, Korat, February16, 1929; one female, Pak Chong, February 8, 1925.Williamson ^-^ records it from Bangkok; Gyldenstolpe ^^ from DenChai, and on his second expedition he took it at Khun Tan on April28, Sop Tue on April 24, and Koh Lak on January 28 ^^; Robinson andlOoss secured two males at Nong Kok, Ghirbi, January 1 and 11^^;Baker records it from Maprit ''^; Deignan '? shot one at Chiengmai inFebruary and another in March. De Schauensee ^* secured it atTamuang, March 9; Cliiengmai, December 20 and February 1,Bangkok, April 24, Bua Yai, January 5. Robinson and Kloss ''^record a female from Namchut, Pakchan, February 25 and three malesand two females from Koh Lak, April 4-10. There is also in theUnited States National Museum a female, taken by C. Boden Klosson Koh wSichang, January 26, 1915.The species breeds in southeastern Siberia, Manchuria, and northernChina and migrates for the winter to Indo-China, Siam, Burma, andeastern Bengal.Superficially it closely resembles Acrocephalus arundijiaceus orien-ialis, but the bill is shorter and the first primary is longer, broader, and ?> Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 19, 1918.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 104, 1923. *' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 149, 1931; vol. 10, p. 115, 1936.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 86, 191^.M Rungl. Svenska Vct.-Akad. Hamil., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 29, 1913. ?' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 43, 1916. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 113, 19i9.?? Ibid., p. 201. '? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl-, vol. 8, p. 149, 1931." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 229, 1934." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 320, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 431quite differently shaped. The wing is shorter. P. aedon also closelyresembles Horornis canturians but has not the light superciliary, thefirst primary shorter (about 21 mm); third and fourth primaries arenearly equal and longest instead of the fourth and fifth; and the feetare dusky (skin) instead of light brownish, probably flesh color in life.HERBIVOCULA SCHWARZI (Radde)Sylvia schwarzi Radde, Reisen im Siiden von Ost-Siberien, Vogel, p. 260, pi. 9,1863 (Tarei Nor).One male, Chiengmai (Doi Sutep), December 13, 1928; two females,Lampang, November 17, 1928; one male, Doi Nangka, November 16,1930.The only two specimens available for comparison are a male, fromTientsin, China, May 21, and a male from North Kirin, Manchuria,September 4. Both specimens are primrose yellow on the breast, thechest, flanks, and under tad coverts cinnamon-buff; the throat white.The Doi Sutep male has the breast wliite and the buff on the flanks,chest, and under tail coverts is much lighter; the upperparts also aremuch lighter.The two females from Lampang are similar in color to the malesfrom China and Manchuria but are somewhat smaller and the throatsare creamy buff. The male from Doi Nangka has the yellow on thebreast very light; the lowerparts are mostly creamy buff.The w^ng in the male from Manchuria measures 64.5 mm; that ofthe male from Tientsin 65 ; the male from Chiengmai 63 ; the male fromDoi Nangka 56. Two females from Lampang have wing measure-ments of 54 and 56 mm.Unfortunately I am unacquainted with the plumages of this species.The yellow-breasted specimens are probably birds of the year.In plumage the yellow-breasted birds closely resemble Oreojmeustearmandi, but the bill is heavier and the superciliary is more of a cinna-mon-buff and more conspicuous.The species breeds in eastern Siberia from Lake Baical to SachalinIsland and migrates south to winter in southern China, Indo-Cliina,northern Siam, Tcnasserim, and Pegu.De Schauensce " took a male at Merim, January 18, and on his thirdexpedition a small series at Nakon Nayok, November 21; Chiengmai,December, Januar}^, and February 1; Sriracha, February 7; Bua Yai,January 1 1 and Chiengdao, January 17. He says this bird was usuallyfound in lowland scrub on Doi Sutep as high as 2,500 feet and onChiengdao at 4,600 feet.^"Deignan ^^ says it is not an uncommon winter visitor in the Chieng-mai region from December 23 to April 2. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliiladelphia, vol. 81, p. 555, 1930. '< Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 229, 1934.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 116, 1936. 432 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis species seems to be a rare bird in collections and very little isknown of its habits.PHAEORADINA SUBAFFINIS (GgUvie-Grant)Phylloscopus subaffinis Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 10, p. 37, 1900(Puanting, Kweichu, China).One female, Doi Nangka, November 13, 1930.This species breeds in western Szechwan, western Yunnan, andKweichow, China, and has been taken in Tonkin, northern Laos,Annam, and northern Siam. It is a mountain bird and probably resi-dent where found.There seems to be no other record from Siam.PHAEORADINA FUSCATA FUSCATA (BIyth)Phyllopneusle fuscata Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, p. 113, 1842(Calcutta) . One male and one unsexed, Muang Kanburi, April 8, 15, 1928;three males, Bangkok, April 8, 1924, December 28, 1925, and April15, 1934; one female, Meklong, January 26, 1924; one male. BanNam Kien, Nan, April 22, 1930.This form breeds in eastern Siberia and migrates south throughChina to winter in India, Burma, Siam, and Indo-China.Gyldenstolpe ''* took it at Khun Tan, April 30, and Sop Tue, April24 ; Deignan " states that it is common at Chiengmai from Octoberuntil March. Kloss ^^ secured a female at Lat Bua Kao ; de Schauen-see ^^ a small series at Bangkok, November 2, April 24, Tap Chang,April 28, and Hua Mak, April 19. Robinson and Kloss *? record itfrom Koh Lak, April 2, and state that Williamson has three specimenstaken in December at Koh Lak and Nong Kae, which seem to be aboutthe limit of its wmtering ground in this direction.Stresemann ^' has named a form from Sungpan, Szechwan, Phyllo-scopus fuscatus robustus, and Sushkin ^^ one from the Altai Oreopneustefuscata altaica. Possibly both of these forms may occur in Siam inwinter. I have never handled a specimen of either.PHYLLOSCOPUS PULCHER PULCHER BlythPhylloscopus pulcher Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 592, 1845(Nepal).One male, Doi Sutep (summit), December 15, 1928. " Kunsl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56. no. 2, p. 45, 1916." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. SuppL, vol. 8, p. 149, 1931." Ibis, 1918, p. 212. ?? Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 229, 1934. "> Journ. Nat. nist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 324, 1924." Abh. Rer. Mus. fiir Tierk. Volkerk. Dresden, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 16, 1924." List and distribution of birds of the Russian Atlai and nearest parts of NW Mongolia, p. 73, 1925. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 433This agrees with specimens from western Szechwan and westernTunnan; no specimens from Nepal have been available for comparison.This form breeds in the mountains of Szechwan and Yunnan, China,Nepal, Assam, Tonkin, and Siam. It is probably resident wherefound. Apparently there are no other Siamese records.PHYLLOSCOPUS INORNATUS INORNATUS (Biyth)Regulus inornatus Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, p. 191, 1842 (localityunknown) . One male, Doi Sutep (summit), December 14, 1928; one unsexed,Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, December 3, 1928; one male and one female,Doi Nangka, November 3, 10, 1930; one male, Khun Tan, February27, 1932; one male and one female, Bangkok, January 19 and February8, 1924; one female. King Pai, Korat, February 16, 1929; one male,Amphar Klong, Chantabun, January 4, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott took two males in Trang (Kao Nom Plu, 3,000feet, February 24, 1897; Trang, January 19, 1899).A winter visitor to Siam occurring practically all over the countryand down the Peninsula as far as Perak. It breeds in northeasternSiberia.The pair from Doi Nangka are tinged with yellow below, more sothan any others in the series; they also have greener backs.PHYLLOSCOPUS BOREALIS BOREALIS (Blasius)Pkyllopneude horealis Blasius, Naumannia, 1858, p. 313 (Ockhotskan Sea).One male and one female, Koh Tao, September 22, 26, 1928; twomales. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 8, 1928; two males and twofemales, Bangkok, May 7, 1923, May 2, 1924, September 23, 1930,May 14, 1934; one male, Huey Yang, October 1, 1930; one male, HinLap, September 30, 1932; one male, Muang Krat, October 19, 1928;one male, Kao Seming, Krat, October 13, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: One male and onefemale, Trang, February 5, 6, 1897; two males, Pulo Langkawi,December 8, 1899; one femxale, Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December17, 1899; three males, one female, and one unsexed, Mergui Archipelago(Chance Island, December 29, 31, 1899; Domel Island, February 24,27, 1900; one male, St. Matthew, December 9, 1900); one female,Victoria Island, Tenasserun, January 5, 1900.This species is readily distinguished from the other members ofthe genus by the minute first primary.The form nests in northern Europe and northern Asia, and migratesto Assam, Burma, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay States, GreaterSunda Islands, and the Philippines to winter. 434 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMIn Siam it has been taken practically all over the country and downthe Peninsula to Patani. It has also been taken on many of theislands off the coast. Robinson ^^ records it from Koh Samui, May15, and Koh Pennan, May 30; and Langkawi, Terutau, and Butang *^;Robinson and Kloss ^^ from Junkseylon ; Robinson ^^ from Koh Kut.PHYLLOSCOPUS NITIDUS PLUMBEITARSUS SwinhoePhylloscopus pluinbeitarsus Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 330 (between Taku andPeking, China).One male, Prae, April 26, 1930; one male, Sriracha, April 20, 1934;one male, Pak Chong, April 10, 1929 ; one male, Muang Pai, December27, 1932; two females, Chiengmai, November 25, 1928; one female,Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20, 1930; two males, Mae Hong Sorn,January 4, 9, 1933.Gyldenstolpe ^^ states that it is very common during winter in botheastern and northern Siam ; and on his second expedition ^^ he securedtwo males at Koh Lak, December 14 and 17; de Schauensee ^^ tookit at Chiengmai, December 22, January 26, 29; Tung Sio, January 27,and Chantabun, March 24; Robinson and Kloss ^ doubtfully identifyspecimens as of this form from Tapli, Pakchan, March 4-7, Tasan,Chumporn, March 21, Koh Lak, April 3-8.The specimens taken by Dr. Smith agree with some from NorthChina and Manchuria. P. n. nitidus of the Caucasus is quite adifferent-looking form, lighter, more yellowish green above and quiteyellow below. P. n. plumbeitarsus is grayish white below with onlyfaint yellowish streaks. P. n. viridanus of western Siberia, etc., ofwhich I have examined specimens only from Kashmir (not typical)closely resembles P. n. plumbeitarsus , but the back has a grayish cast,and the wing bar to the greater coverts is lacking entirely or very faint;in the latter the greater wing bar is conspicuous, and generally thelesser wing bar is present also, though faint.P. n. plumbeitarsus breeds in Transbaicalia and migrates souththrough China to Indo-China, and Siam to winter.Stuart Baker ^' has named a form from Daban, southern Annam,Acanthopneuste nitidus saturatus, which is said to breed in Man-churia and winter in Annam, Yunnan, and the northern Shan States.If this form is recognizable, the form wintering in Siam may belongto it. I have not examined authentic specimens, however.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 150, 1915. '* Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 183, 1917.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 113, 1919.w Ibis, 1915, p. 754.w Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 29, 1913. ?8 Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 45, 1916.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 230, 1934. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 320, 1924. ?1 Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 44, p. 62, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAIM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 435PHYLLOSCOPUS OCCIPITALIS CORONATUS (Temminck and Schlegel)Ficedula corortata Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold's Fauna Japonica, Aves,p. 48, pi. 18, 1847 (Japan).One male, Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 26, 1929; one female, Pran^April 1, 1931; one male, Koh Tao, off Bandon, September 27, 1928;one male and one female, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 30, 31, 1933.Dr. W, L. Abbott collected four males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, December 20, 28, 1896; Kao Nom Plii, 2,000 feet.March 3, 1897; Kao Nok Ram, 1,000 feet, January 17, 1899; Trang,January 29, 1897).This series agrees with specimens from North Chma and Korea.The form breeds in eastern Siberia, Korea, and Japan and migratessouth to Indo-China, Siam, Tenasserim, the Malay States, and Javato whiter.Evidently P. o. coronatus is a common winter visitor to all parts ofSiam and migrates farther south than most of the birds of this genusvisiting the country.PHYLLOSCOPUS REGULOIDES REGULOIDES (Blyth)Phyllopiieusle reguloides Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 11, p. 191, 1842(Darjeeling.'', India).Two males, Ivlum Tan, October 27, 1929, February 22, 1932.These two specimens belong to a form whiter below than P. r.claudlae; it is what has passed by authors as Phj/lloscojnis trochiloides(Sundevall), but Count Gyldenstolpe ^^ has show^n that Acanthizatrochiloides Sundevall really applies to the species known to authors asPhylloscopus lugubris.Stuart Baker ^^ gives the range as breeding from Afghanistanfrontier through Gilgit and Kashmir to Garhw^al, Nepal, Sikkim, andTibet. It winters in Bengal, Assam, Burma, to Tenasserim.The United States National Museum has a male of this form fromthe mountains of Shensi, a male from Hupeli, and a male from Kwei-chow; the two latter are migrants. I have examined only one speci-men from Nepal. It is slightly more yellowish below than the othersmentioned but is close to them. If the two Siamese specimens do notbelong to it, I do not know where else to place them.PHYLLOSCPPUS REGULOIDES CLAUDIAE (La Touche)Acanlhopneusle trochiloides claudine La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43,p. 22, 1922 (Mengtz, Yunnan).One male, Khun Tan, February 22, 1932.This specimen agrees fairly well with a series of birds from themountains of western Szechwan and western Yunnan. A small num- " Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 46, p. 47, 1925." The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 481, 1924. 436 13ULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMber from this series were sent the late Outram Bangs to compare withLa Touche's type, and he reported that they agreed with it. TheUnited States National Museum contains specimens of the form fromas far north as Wenchwan, Szechwan.It breeds in the high mountains of western Szechwan and westernYunnan and migrates south in winter to Indo-China and northernSiam. PHYLLOSCOPUS FLAVG-DLIVACEUS FLAVO-OLIVACEUS HumePhylloscopus (Reguloides) flavo-olivaceus Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 5, p. 504, 1877(Mount Muleyit, Tenasserim) . Acanthopneuste davisoni Gates, The fauna of British India, vol. 1, p. 420, 1889(same type specimen '^^).One female, Doi Sutep, December, 1928; one male and one female,Doi Nangka, November 3, 19, 1930; three males and two females,Doi Hua Mot, August 27-29, 1934; one male, Kao Kuap, Krat,December 26, 1929.This species has a light yellow coronal streak, and the inner web ofthe outer tail feather is entirely white.The wing in five males measures 50-55 (52.5) mm; in four females,50-53.5 (50.2) mm.The species has been divided into three forms: P. j. ogilme-granti,southeastern China; P. f. klossi, Langbian Peaks, southern Annani;and P. /. flavo-olivaceus.The range of the present form, so far as known, is Tenasserim,southern Shan States, Lichiang Range, Yunnan, northern and south-eastern Siam, and Tonldn. It is a mountain bird and is probablyresident where found.De Schauensee ^^ collected it on Doi Sutep, 4,800 feet, December 7,and on Ids third expedition ^^ at Chiengdao, January 19, and Chieng-mai, February 3, 5, and March 2, between 5,000-6,000 feet.PHYLLOSCOPUS TENELLIPES SwinhoePhylloscopus tenellipes Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 53 (Amoy, China).One male, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 25, 1925; one male,Kao Sabap, November 1, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott took an adult (not sexed) on High Island, MerguiArchipelago, December 30, 1900.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Chong, Trang; Robinson ^^from Koh Chang and Koh Kut; Gyldenstolpe ?^ from Den Chai,M Kinnear, Ibis, 1929, p. 316." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 555, 1930. ?? Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 231, 1934. ?' Ibis, 1911, p. 65. ?'Ibis, 1915, p. 755. ?? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 46, 1916. BIRDS FROM SIAIM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 437February 8; Kloss ^ from Lat Biia Kao and Koh Lak; Robinson andKloss ^ from Tapli, Pakchan, March 11, Hat Saniik, April 18, andstate that WilHamson has examples from Nong Kae and Langsuentaken in November and January; de Schauensee ^ took a single speci-men at Cliiengmai, 5,000 feet, February 27.This species breeds in Amurland and migrates south late in summerthrough China to Indo-Ciiina, Burma, Siam, and the Malay Statesto winter.It is easily distinguished from the other members of the genuswintering in Siam by having a yellowish supercilium, by the brownishhead with only a slight greenish tinge, the more brownish (saccardoolive) back, the rump with a slight russet tinge, the feet in the skinare light colored.SEICERCUS BURKII TEPHROCEPHALUS (Anderson)Culicipeta tephroccphalus Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 213(Bhamo, Burma).One male, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, February 26, 1932; one male,Muang Pai, December 28, 1932.I am not sure that these two specimens belong to one and the samerace; the Muang Pai male has the back a brighter, more yellowishwarbler green; the coronal median stripe broader and a lighter gray;and the lowerparts a slightly brighter yellow. If not this race, how-ever, I do not know what to call it. The wing in the Khun Tan malemeasures 56; in that from Muang Pai, 51.5 mm.The form breeds in the mountains of Burma from the Chin Hills tothe Shan States; in winter it migrates to northern Siam, Laos, northernAnnam, and Cambodia. In Siam it has not been recorded often.Gyldenstolpe * records it from Kao Plyng, January 27, and on hissecond trip to Siam he secured it at Khun Tan, September 9.^ DeSchauensee ^ took it at Doi Sutep, 4,500 feet, December 7 and 28,and at Chiengsen, January 8 and 10; and on his third expedition hesecured a small series from the follov/ing localities: Chiengmai, KhunTan, Chieng Dao, and French bank of the Mekong opposite Chieng-sen, December 20 to March 2.^ Deignan states that it occurs atChiengmai and Doi Sutep at 2,000-3,500 feet from October to April.SEICERCUS BURKU INTERMEDIUS (La Touche)Cryptolopha intermedia La Touche, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 7, j). 37, 1898(Fohkien, China).One male, Kao Sabap, November 26, 1933. 1 Ibis, 191S, p. 212.> Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 324, 1924. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 8G, p. 230, 1934. * Kungl. Sveuska Vct.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 30, 1913. ? Kungl. Sven.ska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 82, 1916. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 54G, 1930. ' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 231, 1934. 438 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis specimen differs from the previous form (tephrocephalus) inhaving the forehead warbler green, the white spot on the secondouter tail feather less extensive, and the eye ring broken above. Nomaterial has been available for comparison, but the specimen agreeswith La Touche's description.* It measures: Wing, 52.5; tail, 38;culmen, 9 mm.If correctly identified, it is an addition to the Siamese list.The form breeds in the mountains of southeastern China (Fohkien)and migrates to southern China (Kwangtung), Tonkin, Lower Laos,and North Annam for the winter; it has been taken also in south-eastern Yunnan in migration.SEICERCUS CASTANICEPS CASTANICEPS (BIyth)Abrornis castaniceps Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beiigjil, vol. 14, p. 593, 1845(Nepal).One male, Doi Nangka, April 22, 193LThis specimen, the first record for Siam, was recorded b}^ me in1933.' I know of no subsequent records.The form ranges from Nepal, Sikkim, and Annam to Manipur,Cliin, and Kachin Hills, Burma, and south to the northern and south-ern Shan States and northern Siam. It belongs to a nonmigratoryspecies.In the mountains of southern China and northern Tonkin, S. c.sinensis (Rickett) is found; in the mountains of southern Annam, S.c. annamensis (Robinson and Kloss) occurs, and recently Delacour '"has described a form from southern Laos; all four forms are widelyseparated. ABROSCOPUS SUPERCILIARIS SUPERCILIARIS (BIyth)Abrornis superciliaris Blyth ("Tickell" MS.), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 28,p. 414, 1859 (Tcnasscrim).Abro7'?iis superciliaris salwinensis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 44, p. 62,1924 (Salwin).One male, Khun Tan, October 20, 1929.This form ranges from the hills of Assam south of the Bramaputra,Burma, Yunnan, and northern Tenasserim to Northern Siam andsouthward to Bandon in Peninsular Siam.Gyldenstolpe '^ records it from Meh Lem; and later ^^ from KhunTan, Doi Par Sakeng, and Pak Koh. Deignan '^ recorded it once onDoi Sutep, 3,500 feet, in July, and states it is common on many ?A handbook of the birds of eastern China, vol. 1, pt. 3, p. 257, 192f); pt. 5, p. 483, 1930. 'Journ. Siam See. N:it. Hist. Suppl., vol. 9, p. 157. 1933. "L'Oispau, new ser., vol. 2, p. 423, 1932." Kuniil. Sven.ska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol 5.0, no. 8, p. 30, 1913."KunRl. Svenska Vtt.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 82, 1916. "Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 150, 1931. BIRDS FR0:M SIAM and the MALAY PENINSULA 439nearby mountams. Lowe ^"^ records it 40 miles east of Umpang.Robinson and Kloss ^^ record it from Tapli and Tasan and state thatits range extends south as far as Bandon, Peninsular Siam, and callattention to the fact that the northern bird should probably beknown as A. s.flamventris (Jerdon).ABROSCOPUS SUPERCILIARIS SCHWANERI (Blyth)Abrornis schwaneri Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 169 (Borneo).Dr. W. L. Abbott took a single male on Kao Soi Dao, 2,000 feet,Trang, February 11, 1899. He records the color of the feet as palebrownish olive.This specunen agrees with three unsexed specimens from AlountKina Balu, Borneo, and a pair from Selangor. The form differs fromA. s. superciliaris principally in having the center of the breast whiteand averaging somewhat larger. It measures: Wing, 51; tail, 36;culmen, 10.5 mm. The only sexed female in the series of the UnitedStates National Museum measures: Wing, 45; tail, 32; culmen, 10.5mm. This would indicate that the female is smaller than the maleand that the unsexed Kina Balu specimens are males as they arelarge. This being the case, five males in the United States NationalMuseum from Trang (1), Selangor (1), and Borneo (3) measure:Wing, 51-55 (52.8); tail, 36-42 (39.8); culmen, 10-11 (10.6) mm.This form ranges from Borneo to Sumatra, the Malay States, andnorthward through Peninsular Siam to Trang and possibly somewhatfarther north. It is rather uncertain just what form occurs betweenTrang and Bandon,ABROSCOPUS ALBOGULARIS ALBOGULARIS (Moore)Abrornis albogularis Mooke, Proc. Zool. See. London, 1854, p. 106 (Nepal).One male. Pang Meton (Doi Nangka), May 2, 1931; onr female,Doi Hua Mot, August 14, 1934.The male from Pang Meton was apparently the first record forSiam.'^ Subsequently the female was taken.The form ranges from Nepal, Sikkim, and Assam to Manipur, theChin Hills, and northern Siam. In southern and western China,Tonkin, and uj^per Laos, A. a. Julvijacies (Swinhoe) occurs.HORORNIS CANTURIANS CANTURIANS (Swinhoe)ArudiiMX carduriana Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 52 (Amoy, China).Dr. Smith took an adult male at Vientiane, Laos, February 21, 1929.Apparently there are no records for Siam at present, but as it hasbeen taken on the opposite side of the Mekong, it will undoubtedly betaken eventually in Siam. 'i Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 59, 1916." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6. p. 106, 1923.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 150, 1931.M Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 11, p. 255, 1935.? Prinia raffiesi Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 311, pi. 6, fig. 1 (Lampongs, south Sumatra^. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 443 is not a form of inornata at all, but of Prinia blythi of Java, whichshould not be in the same form group. The latter is a larger andmuch darker bird above than P. i. inornata, with a much morepronounced superciliary; the subterminal dark spot on the outer tailfeathers is larger and darker. The bill in blythi is longer than in P. i.inornata and not so straight; the feet in the former are larger andheavier.P. b. herberti is dark above like blythi and has the same long billand strong feet; the principal difference is the smaller size of herberti.The latter is more of a grayish brown above, however, not quite sorusset. The base of the bill is light colored in the skin, only the tipblack.Six males of P. b. herberti measure: Wing, 47.5-55 (51.3); tail,52-70 (58.9); culmen, 12-13 (12.6) mm. Five females: Wing,45-54.5 (49.9); tail, 53-61 (55.4); culmen, 11.5-12.5 (12) mm.This form was first recorded by Williamson ^^ from Bangkok asPrinia blanjordi. Baker ^^ in commenting on his types from Bangkokand Samkok adds Pak Chong, eastern Siam. Herbert ^^ found itvery common in the vicinity of Bangkok and states that it has along breeding season, extending from April to October, though thelatter part of May to the end of September is the regular season;he describes the nest and eggs. De Schauensee ^^ took a male atTap Chang, February 28.So far as known at present, this form is known only from southernand eastern Siam to Cambodia, Laos, Cochinchina, and Annam.PRINIA EXTER Thayer and BangsPrinia inornata exier Thayer and Bangs, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 40,no. 4, p. 182, pi. 5, figs. 4, 5, 1912 (Hokow, Szechwan).One male. Nan, April 13, 1930.This is the first record of this warbler for Siam. Hitherto it hasbeen found only in western Szechwan and Yunnan. In either sum-mer or winter plumage it is so different from Prinia inornata that inmy opinion it should not be placed in the same form group.The United States National Museum possesses a fair series of thisspecies in both summer and winter plumage from western Szechwan.The above Siamese male matches the summer plumage perfectly.To aid students in recognizing this species, a brief description isgiven:Summer plumage: Above light brownish olive, slightly darker onthe head; below buffy white, the belly deep colonial buff; a lightbuffy superciliary; auriculars mixed buffy and light brownish olive; " Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 88, 1914. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 203, 1919."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 105, 1923.?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 231, 1934. 444 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM wings darker than the back, the remiges sHghtly edged with cinna-mon; middle tail feathers the color of the back, outer feathers lighterand with a small brownish-olive subterminal spot, all the feathersnarrowly tipped with light buff; thighs and bend of wing cinnamon-buff or deep colonial buff.Winter plumage: Snuff brown above; clay color beneath; center ofbelly with a slight deep colonial-buff tinge, sometimes absent; taildarker than the back, much longer than in summer plumage, butwith the same pattern.The Nan male measures: Wing, 45; culmen, 11 mm. Two breed-ing males from Szechwan: Wing, 46-47; culmen, 11-11.5 mm.Breeding specimens of P. exter might be taken for immature flavi-ventris, but the immature of the latter is entirely yellow below andotherwise different. The bill in flaviventris is longer and m thebreeding season black; exter in the breeding season has the base ofthe bill light colored, only the tip black in the skin.The above record extends the range from western Szechwan andwestern Yunnan to northern Siam.Family MUSCICAPIDAE: Old World FlycatchersHEMICHELIDON SIBIRICA SIBIRICA (Gmelin)Muscicapa sibirica Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 936, 1789 (nearLake Baical, eastern Siberia, and Kamtschatka).One female, Kao Sabap, November 16, 1933; one female, Doi HuaMot, August 20, 1934.The female from Kao Sabap is very dark on the back but is not sodark below as rothschildi; wing, 80 mm. I have examined a fallspecimen from Korea of sibirica that is just as dark.De Schauensee^? records a male from Nakon Nayok, October 30;on his third expedition^* he took a female at Petrieu, October 22.Kobinson and Kloss ^^ state that some form of this species is commonin the Straits of Malacca or the mountains of the Malay Statesbetween November and April and that the majority seem to belongto this form.The form breeds in northeast Siberia and migrates through Chinato Indo-China, Siam, and the Malay States.HEMICHELIDON SIBIRICA ROTHSCHILDI BakerHemichelidon sibirica rothschildi Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 43, p. 156,1923 (Lickiang Range, Yunnan).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a single male six miles south of BoycesPoint, Tenasserim, February 17, 1904. ?i> Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 544, 1930. ?i Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 213, 1934.?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 228, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 445This specimen agrees with a series of breeding birds of this formfrom the mountains of Yunnan and western Szechwan, and I thinkthat it is this form rather than Juligmosa that occasionally is takenin Siam in the winter months. It is a darker bird than sibirica,with a longer first primary. I have examined only one unsexedspecimen oi Juliginosa, and it is certainly very close to rothschildi andseems to be only slightly browner above.Robinson and Kloss ^' state that a male from Victoria Point,Tenasserim, and a male from Tasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, intheir series of sibirica, may belong to Juliginosa, as well as three youngbirds presumably from the same localities and Junkseylon Island.H. s. Juliginosa has been recorded from Chong, Trang; Kao Ram,Nakon Sritamarat; and 28 miles east of Umpang.The form breeds in the mountains of Szechwan as far as Sungpanand the Likiang Mountains of Yunnan; in winter it has been takenas far south in Peninsular Siam as Junkseylon (Puket).HEMICHEUDON FERRUGINEA HodgsonHemichelidon ferruginea Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1845, p. 32 (Nepal).One male and one female, Kao Sabap, October 24 and November 18,1933.Herbert ^* first recorded this bird for Siam but gave no definitelocality. Later, Baker,^^ in going over Herbert's collection, gave thelocality as Tung Song, Peninsular Siam. Robinson ^^ records it fromPulau Adang, Butang Islands, and Pulau Paya, near Kuala, Kedah,and says that it is common in the high mountains of the MalayPeninsula in the cold season from October to March. Robinson andKloss " record a specimen from Kao Luang, 2,000 feet, Nakon Srita-marat, and later they repeat this record.^*Under the name H. cinereiceps, Rodgers and Deignan ^^ record amale taken on Doi Angka, 4,500 feet, April 13, 1931; later Deignan *"took a female on the same mountain, September 1, 1935.The species breeds in the Himalayas east to eastern Assam, thehills of northern Burma, Yunnan, and southwest Szechwan. Inwinter it migrates south to the Malay Peninsula, Indo-China, thePhilippines, and Borneo. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 227, 1924. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2. p. 58, 1916. "Journ. Nat. Hi.st. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 213, 1919.M Journ. Federated Malay States Mas., vol. 7, p. 168, 1917."Journ. Federated Malay States Mas., vol. 11, p. 60, 1923."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 229. 1924.? Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, p. 92, 1934. *? Journ. Siam. Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 65, 1935. 33527?38 29 446 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMARIZELOMYIA LATIROSTRIS LATIROSTRIS (Raffles)Muscicapa latirostris Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 31?, 1S22(Sumatra).Alseonax latirostris siamensis Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb., 1916, p. 27 (Hans;Hue Pong, northern Siam).One male and two females, Koh Chang, April 4, 1924, January 4and 8, 1926; two females, Kao Seming, Krat, October 10, 1928, andJanuary 2, 1930; one female, Kao Sabap, November 4, 1933; sixmales and three females, Bangkok, October 20, April 6, 1926, April 11-28, 1934; one male, Chiengmai, November 25, 1928; one male, andone female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 18-22, 1930; two males,Nong Yang, November 7, 1931; one male, Bukit, Patani, Janurjy 25,1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following specimens: One male andfour females, Trang, January 20, 21, and February 5, 1897, February23 and March 4, 1899; one male and one female, Pulo Lankawi,December 4, 9, 1899; two males, Mergui Archipelago (Domel Island,February 24, 1900; Hastings Island, December 11, 1900).In the considerable series of this species in the United StatesNational Museum there is a male (no. 278528) taken at Dran, SouthAnnam, at 3,000 feet, May 10, 1918, by C. Boden Klcss. It is inworn breeding plumage and is drab above rather than the hair brownof the majority of the series; below the pectoral band is indicated onlyby a few drab streaks; bill larger. It measures: Wing, 71; tail, 47.5;culmen, 12 mm. Possibly there may be a resident form in themountains of South Annam.A. I. latirostris breeds in east Siberia west to Lake Baical and inthe northern Japanese Islands; in fall it migrates through southeinChina, Indo-China, and Siam to the Greater Sunda Islands and someof the Philippines. It occurs practically all over Siam in winter }mddown Peninsular Siam to the Malay States. Apparently it rem; insin Siam until rather late in spring, as Dr. Smith took it at Bangkok aslate as April 28; it is very doubtful whether it remains to breed.SIPHIA PARVA ALBICILLA (Pallas)Muscicapa albicilla Pallas, Zoographla Rosso-Asiatica, vol. 1, p. 462, 18H(Dauria).One female. Ban Kang, December 1, 1928; one male, Doi Angka,2,000 feet, December 8, 1928; one female, Prae, April 11, 1930; threemales, Bangkok, February 2, 1924, April 3, 1926, April 11, 1934;two males, Pak Chong, November 27, 29, 1929; one male and onefemale, Pran, April 1, 3, 1931 ; one male, Petchabun, February 14, 1934.Robinson and Kloss *' record this form from Mamok, Pakchan sndTasan, Chumporn, Peninsular Siam, which seems to be the southern-- ?i Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Ilist., vol. 5, p. 230, 1921. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 447 most record in this direction; otherwise it has been recorded as awinter visitor practically all over Siam.It breeds in eastern Siberia and migrates south to wdnter in India,Siam, and French Indo-China.SIPHIA STROPHIATA STROPHIATA HodgsonSiphia strophiata Hodgson, Indian Rev,, vol. 1, p. 651, 1837 (Nepal).One male, Khun Tan Mountains, November 22, 1928; one male,Doi Angka, 5,000-6,000 feet, December 7, 1928.De Schauensee *^ found it quite common in December on DoiSutep, 4,500 feet, and Deignan *^ reports it from the same mountainat 4,500 to 5,500 feet in winter. De Schauensee ** on his third expe-dition took specimens at Chiengdao in January and Cliiengmai inFebruary.The form breeds in the Himalayas and the high mountains ofwestern China and winters in Tenasserim, northern Siam, Laos,Tonkin, and northern Annam.In south Annam, at the Langbian Peaks, a more reddish-backed,grayer-throated form, S. s. fuscogularis, is found, which has beenrecorded from the northern Shan States; if this record is reliable, itpossibly may occur on the high mountains of Siam as a breeding bird.CYORNIS CONCRETA CONCRETA (S. Miiller)Muscicapa concreta S. Muller, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Phys., vol. 2, p. 351, 1835(Sumatra) . One male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 30, 1933.Dr. W. L, Abbott took an adult male at Kao Soi Dao, 1,000 feet,Trang, February 15, 1899.These two specimens seem to be the only records for Siam. Farthersouth in the Malay States it is widely distributed but nowhere com-mon. The males from Trang agree with a male from the SemangkoPass, Selangor-Pahang boundary.This form ranges from the mountains of Sumatra to the MalayStates and Peninsular Siam.Farther north in Tenasserim C. c. cyanea occurs. It is a darkerblue with the white on the breast more restricted.C. c. concreta is a dark-blue bird with a white breast, the second,third, and fourth tail feathers largely white on the inner web. Thefemale is brown, with a white crescent on the chest. Wing in male,about 88 mm. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 545, 1930." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 144, 1931. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 213, 1934. 448 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCYOHNIS HAINANA (Ogilvie-Grant)Siphia hainana Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 10, p. 361, 1900(Five Finger Mountains, Hainan).One female, Nong Klhor, November 22, 1924; one male and onefemale, Pak Chong, November 15, 18, 1925; one female, Tba Chang,near Pak Chong, November 23, 1925; two males and two females,Kao Seming, Krat, October 15, 16, 1928, January 1, 1930; three males,Kao Sabap, October 25-November 1, 1933; one female, Ivliun Tan,4,000 feet, February 19, 1932; one male and one female, Khun TanMountains, 3,000 feet, May 10, 1933; one immature male (markedfemale), Nakon Sritamarat, March 13, 1929.Dr. W. I-.. Abbott took a single female at Bok Pyin, Tenasserim,February 11, 1900.The males of this form are easily discriminated from the otherspecies of the genus. They are a dark tj^rian blue above and on thethroat and chest; breast, belly, and under tail coverts white; forehead,superciliaries, and bend of wing are a lighter, brighter blue than theback; lores black. The female is brown above, the tail and tailcoverts rusty; throat and chest ochraceous-orange ; breast, belly, andunder tail coverts white.Four males from Siam measure: Wing, 70-72 (71); tail, 56-59(57.5); culmen, 11.5-12 (11.9) mm. Six females: Wing, 63-67 (65.4);tail, 50-55.5 (51.7); culmen, 11-12 (11.2) mm.The female collected by Dr. Abbott in Tenasserim and one of Dr.Smith's females from Kao Seming (no. 311181) have one or morefeathers in the upper tail coverts and the outer margins of the retricestinged with blue. I presume they are really immature males.The range of this form is South China (Kwangtung, Kwangsi,Hainan), Tonkin, Laos, North Annam, Cambodia, Siam, Tenasserim,and Peninsular Siam as far south as Nakon Sritamarat and Trang.Besides the localities in Siam where Dr. Smith took specimens, ithas been taken by Count Gyldenstolpe at Pak Koh (northern Siam)and by Kloss at Lat Bua Kao and Klong Menao, in eastern Siam.*^De Schauensee *^ took specimens at Nakon Nayok and Chiengmai.Dr. Smith's specimen from Nakon Sritamarat is an immature.There is a blue band across the forehead; the head is storm gray; theback is bufly brown with a grayish cast; the upper tail coverts andtail are snuff brown; lores and ring around the eye clay color; throatand chest buffy mixed with clay color in patches, with two or threedark blue feathers appearing on the chest; wings fuscous, the flightfeathers lightly bordered outwardly with snuff brown; belly and undertail coverts white. Wing, 67.5; culmen, 11.5 mm. This is quitedifferent from any female in the series, and I presume it is an immature " Ibis, 1920, p. 577. *? Proe. Acad. Nat. Scl. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 214, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 449male and not a female as marked. If correctly allocated it differsfrom the majority of the species of the genus in having an inter-mediate plumage; most of the species molt from the spotted plumageof the young directly into the blue of the adult male. This seemsto be the first record of the form for Peninsular Siam.CYORNIS TICKELLIAE SUMATRENSIS (Sharpe)Siphia sumatrensis Sharpe, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 4,p. 451, 1879 (Sumatra).Cyornis rufigastra indochina Chasen and Kloss, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 48,p. 73, 1928 (Daban, South Annam) ; Bull. Raffles Mus., no. 2, p. 35, pi. 1, 1929.Two m.ales and three females, Bangnara, Patani, May 23, 1924,July 14-16, 1926; one female (marked male), Yala, Patani, February1, 1931; one male, Rao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, October 6, 1930;two males, Sichol, Bandon, May 21, 22, 1930; one male, Koh Lak,June 22, 1933; one female, Sam Roi Yot, November 11, 1932; twomales and one female, Muang Kanburi, April 9-12, 1928; four males,Pak Chong, March 1, 1924, May 8-18, 1925; one immature male.Lam Klong Lang, Pak Chong, June 15, 1925; one male, Pak Sok,August 18, 1926; two males, Nong Khor, near Sriracha, September 22,1925, March 21, 1926; one male, BungBorapet, July 1, 1932; one male,Chomtong, November 30, 1928; two males, Knong Phra, Pak Chong,April 15-16, 1929; one male. Ban Mekok, October 20, 1932.Dr. W. L. Abbott took two males and a female in Trang, February15 and January 23, 1897, and January 21, 1899.In this species the male is dark tyrian blue above, the superciliariesand forehead lighter blue; lores blackish; throat and chest ochraceous-orange; breast and belly white; the dark blue of the cheeks is con-tinued across the chin in a very narrow line, in some specimens hardlynoticeable. Female a lighter blue above, lores whitish; chest andthroat like the male; breast and belly white; cheeks lighter blue thanthe back, and tliis sometimes continued across the chin as a verynarrow line. The male is much like the same sex in the rubeculoidesgroup, but the latter is rather a darker blue, and the blue extends fromthe chin onto the throat and from the sides of the neck onto thesides of throat and chest, leaving the ochraceous-orange throat andchest as a V-shaped wedge; the blue comes dov/n from the chin forabout 11 mm; in sumatrensis it is only about 4 mm or less. Ten malesmeasure: Wing, 65-71 (67.9); culmen, 10.5-12 (11.5) mm.This form ranges over all Siam, and in the Malay Peninsula as farsouth as Malacca, southern French Laos, Cochinchina, southernAnnam, and Sumatra. 450 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDe Schauensee " records specimens from Bua Yai, Chiengmai,Keng Koi, under the name Muscicapula tickelliae indochina; the femalefrom Konken, with only the tail washed with blue, most likely belongsto some other form; he also records it from Tamuang and Srirachaunder Muscicapula tickelliae sumatrensis,*^ but whether these twonominal races are synonymous I do not know. Certamly I have seenno female of C. tickelliae sumatrensis that is as bright above as depictedupon the plate by Chasen and Kloss cited above, but I have not ex-amined any specimens from the Malay States. The females that Ihave called sumatrensis are more like the Chasen and Kloss's figure ofIndochina.Stresemann and de Schauensee *^ have exandned the type of C.ruheculoides chersonesites Oberholser and pronounced it an aberrantsumatrensis, but I hardly believe this is the correct solution. Thetype of chersonesites is darker than sumatrensis, and the dark blue ofthe cheeks extends onto the throat and occupies more space on thechin, leaving the russet of the chest to extend forward in a narrowwedge-shaped line; the chest is much darker. It most certainlybelongs to the ruheculoides group of forms, and it is close to if notidentical with glaucicomans.CYORNIS RUBECULOIDES GLAUCICOMANS Thayer and BangsCyornis tickelliae glaucicomans Thayer and Bangs, Bull, Mus. Comp. Zool., vol.52, p. 141, 1909 (Tanswioyah, Hupeh, China).Cyornis ruheculoides chersonesites Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol.33, p. 85, 1920 (Trang, Peninsular Siam).Cyornis anak Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 10,p. 261, 1922 (Trang, Peninsular Siam).One male Tha Lo, Bandon, September 22, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at Lay Song Hong,Trang, November 11, 1896, and the type of chersonesites at Trang,February 15, 1897.These specimens have been compared with a small series of poorlyprepared skins of glaucicomans from Szechwan with which they agreefairly well, except the type of chersonesites, which is lighter blue above,but below it agrees. In Szechwan specimens the blue does not extenddown the chin so far as it does in the three Peninsular Siamese speci-mens.Robinson and Kinnear ^? give the range of this form as Hupeh,Szechwan, and Yunnan, China, apparently wintering in the MalayPeninsula. They also record it from Ayuthia, Koh Lak, and Trang intheir list of specimens under the form. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 215, 1034.?8 Ibid., p. 216." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 88, p. 341, 1936.M Nov. Zool., vol. 31, p. 234, 1928. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 451CYORNIS RUBECULOIDES DIALILAEMA SalvadoriCi/ornis dinlilaema Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Genoa, ser. 2, vol. 7,p. 387. 1889 (Taho Plateau, northern Tenasserim).Two males and one female, Khun Tan, 3,000-4,000 feet, February18 and 23, 1932; one male, Konka Valley, January 25, 1933.This form is a much brighter blue than glaucicomans, and the lighterblue on the forehead is more extensive. The female is similar to thesame sex of that form but is more olive, less rufous.The three males measure: Wing, 70.5-71 (70.7); culmen, 12 mm.The single female: Wing, 71; culmen, 12 mm.The form ranges from the southern Shan States to central andsouthern Burma and east to northern and western Siam. De Schauen-see *' collected a series at Chiengmai and Chiengdao.CYORNIS wmTEI WHITEI HaringtonCyornis whitei Harington, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 2, p. 245, 1908(Watau, Bhamo district, Upper Burma).Four males, Kliun Tan, 4,000 feet, October 24-25, 1929, February17 and 20, 1932; one female, Mekhan, February 8, 1932.The males of this species can be distinguished from the males of therubeculoides forms by the very small amount of black (or none at all)on the chin ; from the tickelliae forms by the less amount of white onthe belly. In the whitei forms the female is olive-brown, while in thetickelliae forms the female is bluish above. How to distinguish thefemales of the whitei forms from those of the rubeculoides forms, Ifrankly do not know.The four males measure: Wing, 70.5-76 (72.7); culmen, 12-13(12.6) mm.The form ranges from Upper Assam, Upper Burma, northern Siam,Yunnan, French Laos, and Tonkin to northern Tenasserim. Chasenand Kloss " report it from Doi Sutep, 4,600 feet.CYORNIS WHITEI CAERULEIFRONS BakerCyornis magniroslris caeruleifrons Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. vol. 39, p. 8, 1918(Klang Bang Lai, Siam).Five males and two females, Kao Lem, December 26-28, 1930;five males and six females, Kao Sabap, Chantabun, January 6, 7, 1930,October 31-November 26, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male on Singapore Island, May 27,1899 (no. 170508) that seems to belong here. It is a little duller blueabove but has the same rufous underparts. If it does not belonghere, I do not know where to place it. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phladelphia, vol. 86, p. 215, 1934.? Journ. Siani. Soc Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 239, 1932. 452 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM It is with a good deal of hesitation that I assign these birds to thisrace, as I have no specimens for comparison, but they do not fit anyother described form with an ohve-brown female. I have four malesfrom northern Siam before me, however, that have been identifiedprovisionally as C. w. whitei. The males of caentleijrons are muchdarker blue above; below they are much darker, even the under tailcoverts sometimes being buffy. There is a little white on the bellyand generally on the under tail coverts. The two females fromKao Lem are not exactly alike and may not both belong to thisspecies. Both are light brownish olive above, the heads with agrayish tinge; the tail and tail coverts in one are cinnamon-brown; inthe other the tail is sepia and the tail coverts snuff brown. Belowone is ochraceous-tawny, only a little white on the belly; the other issimilar, except that the whole belly and lower breast are white, thesides washed with ochraceous-buff. The Kao Sabap females have thelower breast and belly white like the latter.The six males measure: Wing, 70-73 (71) ; culmen, 12-13 (12.8) mm.The three females: Wing, 67-69 (68); culmen, 12.5-13 (12.8) mm.The form ranges from eastern and southeastern Siam to southernTenasserim and south through Peninsular Siam to the mountains ofthe Malay States. Robinson and Kloss " record it from Tapli,Pakchan, and say they have it from Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat,and have found it common in the mountains of Perak and Selangorat 2,000-3,000 feet. CYORNIS MAGNIROSTRIS BlythCyornis magnirostris Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 18, p. 814, 1849(Darjeeling, India).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male and female on Domel Island,Mergui Archipelago, February 23 and 25, 1900.The male is much like whitei in coloration, but the white area of thebelly is more extensive and the bill is much larger. The female is alsosimilar to whitei but is lighter on the throat and the bill is larger. Themale measures: Wing, 81; culmen, 14.5 mm. The female: Wing, 78;culmen, 14 mm.The species ranges from Nepal to eastern Assam; Taho Plateau inTenasserim to the extreme south of that Province; and south in Penin-sular Siam as far as Junkseylon.CYORNIS RUFIGASTRA RUHGASTRA (Raffles)Aluscicapa rufigastra Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 312, 1822(Sumatra).Cyornis hanyumas calocephala Oderiiolser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33,p. 86, 1920 (Banka Island).One male, Singapore Island, May 18, 1899, collected by Dr. W. L.Abbott.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 231, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 453This specimen agrees faiiiy well with a male from the KatemanRiver, eastern Sumatra, and the type of calocephala. Four malesfrom Borneo are somewhat lighter blue above and seem to representanother form, C. r. beccariana (Salvadori).C. r. rufigasira ranges from Sumatra and Banka to the southernMalay States and the Rhio Archipelago. Apparently there are noSiamese records, but it may extend to Peninsular Siam.CYORNIS UNICOLOR UNICOLOR BIythCyorrAs unicolor Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 941 (nomen nudum),p. 1007 (Darjeeling, India), 1843.Two males, Khun Tan, September 2 and 5, 1930; one male, DoiNangka, November 19, 1930; two males and one female, Doi HuaMot, August 28, September 2, 1934; one male, Doi Kiew Koh Ma,December 25, 1932; two males and one female, Khun Tan Mountains,3,000 feet, May 17, 18, 1933.The only specimen iivailable for comparison is a male from Mar-gherita, Upper Assam. From it the Siamese specimens seem to bedistinguished by being somewhat brigher blue.The species unicolor can be told from the males of all others fromSiam by its pale blue (porcelain or orient blue) upperparts and chest,the forehead Venetian blue, the breast and belly light mineral graywith a brownish wash. The female is dull brown above, lighterbelow, becoming smoke gray on the belly; the nape has a bluish washand the forehead is etain blue. The wings in four males measure82.5-84 (83.1) mm. A male taken at Doi Hua Mot, August 28, isalmost an albino. It is very pale blue, almost white, deeper on theforehead and throat, the back with faint dusky shaft streaks.De Schauensee ^* took a male on Doi Sutep at 4,500 feet, which wasrecorded as C. u. harterti; later it was taken on the same mountain byMr. Aagaard and recorded by Cliasen and Kloss " as above; on histhird expedition de Schauensee ^^ took a good series on Chiengdao andat Chiengmai.The form ranges from Darjeeling along the Himalayas to easternAssam, Manipur, the southern Shan States, and northern Siam.In the treatment of the genus Cyornis Blyth I have followed therevision of Robinson and Kinnear ^^ with some minor changes. Sincetheir revision appeared Chasen and Kloss ?^ published a paper on thegenus and reached different conclusions. Stresemann and deSchauensee ^^ also have written a paper dealing with the species cov- " Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p 671, 1928. ?5 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 239, 1932. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 214, 1934. ?' Nov. Zool., vol. 34, pp. 231-201, 1928." null. Raffles Mus., no. 2, pp. 23-42, 1929. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 88, pp. 337-351, 1936. 454 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM ered by this paper. This is a very difficult genus, and I have quotedfew references, as it is liard, without having the specimens upon whichan author bases his remarks or records, to allocate them.From the specimens that I have identified, I have compiled thefollowing key to the males of the forms recorded from Siam.KEY TO THE MALES OF SIAMESE CYORNIS o*.Upper parts, throat, and chest porcelain bhie; belly grayish. .unicolor unicolora'. Upper parts and throat dark blue; belly white or rufous-buff.6'. With no rufous -buff on lower parts.c*. Larger, culmen 16 mm or more, with inner web of second,third, and fourth outer tail feathers white at base._concreta concreta(?. Smaller, culmen about 12 mm, with no white in tail hainanafc'. With rufous-buff on lower parts.c'. Band on chin very narrow, 6 mm or less; sometimes absent.d>. Larger, culmen 14 magnirostrisd^. Smaller, culmen less than 14 mm.e'. llufous-buff lighter and restricted to throat and upperchest; belly white tickelliae sumatrensis(?. Rufous-buff deeper and extending over chest and breast./'. Belly white.ff'. Chin band very narrow; white on belly more ex-tensive whitei whitei(72. Chin band broader, about 6 mm; white on bellymore restricted whitei caeruleifronsp. Belly rufous-buff like breast and chest ruflgastra ruflgastrai Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 37, p. 652, 1910. 466 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM edl}^ T. affinis and its forms go through the same process. Dr.Salomonsen,^^ in his remarks in the original description, says that onlythe red phase seems to be found in indochinensis. I believe that thered and the white plumages in this species are age characters, notphases in the sense accepted in ornithology. Undoubtedly the malesbreed in both plumages.The form is lighter above and below than T. a. affinis.Eight males from Laos (1), eastern (1), and southeastern Siam (6)measure: Wing, 90-97 (92.5); middle tail feathers, 228-330 (269.4);outer tail feather, 77.5-95 (82.9); culmen, 18.5-21 (20) mm. Tenmales from Peninsular Siam (Trang north to Bandon): Wing, 91-98(95.4); middle tail feathers, 241-343 (284); outer tail feather, 77-89(80.7); culmen, 19-21.5 (20.3) mm. Four males from Patani: Wing,92-99 (95); middle tail feathers, 255-330 (285.7); outer tail feather,78-81 (79.2); culmen, 20-21.5 (20.9) mm.Its range is from northern Siam, Laos, northwestern Tonkin,Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia to southern Siam and downPeninsular Siam to Patani.Two of the males from Patani are in the white plumage and two inthe red plumage. The two latter are as pale below and above asspecimens in this plumage from southeastern Siam ; in fact, they showno indication of grading toward T. a. affinis.Dr. Smith took no specimens of indochinensis in northern Siam.Gyldenstolpe ^^ reports it fairly rare at Khun Tan ; Deignan ^ observedit several times on Doi Sutep in July and August. In southern andPeninsular Siam it is evidently much more abundant. It is supposedto be resident throughout the year.TERPSIPHONE INCEI INCEI (Gonid)Muscipeta incei Gould, The birds of Asia, pt. 2, pi. 19, 1852 (Shanghai).One male and one female, Bangkok, September 22, 1923; one male,Nan, April 15, 1930; one male, Ban Nam Kicn, Nan, April 19, 1930;one male and two females. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 9, 1928, andSeptember 26, 1929; one female, Kanburi, September 24, 1929; onemale, Huey Yang, Kao Luang, October 1, 1930; five males and twofemales, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 18-28, 1931; one male and onefemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 24, 1924, January 12, 1934.Only two of the above males taken in Bandon are in the whiteplumage, but the central tail feathers are short.Dr. W. L. Abbott took one adult male, and one immature male,Lay Song Hong, Trang, December 20, and October 4, 1896; oneadult male, Trang, January 27, 1897; and two adult males in the ?? Ibis, 1933, p. 736.M Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Uandl., vol. Sfi, no. 2, p. 81, 1916.1 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 145, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 467Mergiii Archipelago (High Island, December 31, 1900, and vSt.Matthew Island, December 24, 1903). Four males are in the whiteplumage.This bii'd breeds in China and migrates late in summer to Siam andsouth in the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra.The form has a shorter bill than the resident race indochinensis.The culmen in 10 males measures 16-18 (16.9) mm.TERPSIPHONE SABABENSIS RileyTerpsiphone sababensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 47, p. 155, 1934(Kao Sabap, southeastern Siam).One male, Kao Sabap, November 21, 1933.This species was described as follows: Wholly dull black with abluish sheen in certain lights; belly white; under tail coverts white,the longer ones centered broadlj^^ with light grayish olive, and thebasal ones with wood brown; under wing coverts black; thighs black.Wing, 86.5; tail, 95; culmen, 16 mm.This species is similar to T. periophthalmica, of the northern Philip-pine Islands, but is smaller, the tail is less graduated, the centerfeathers only 6 mm longer than the next pair, and there is no fleshyeye ring. The type has two or three russet feathers in the scapularson the right side, showing that the immature and probably the femalehave a brown plumage like most of the genus.T. atrocaudata atrocaudaia, of Japan, winters to some extent inSiam, but the male of this species has a dark maroon-purple mantle,and both the belly and breast are white; it is also a larger bird (wing,over 90; culmen, 17 or more mm), with a fleshy eye ring and a longgraduated tail. PHILENTOMA VELATA CAESIA (Lesson)Monarcha caesia Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 167 (Sumatra).One male, Kao Luang, Nakon Sritamarat, July 17, 1928; one maleand one female, Sichol, Bandon, May 23, 1930; two males and onefemale, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 26-29, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and one female, Trang (LaySong Hong, September 1-12, 1896; Trang, February 3, 1897; KaoSoi Dao, 1,000 feet, February 10, 1899); one male, Rumpin River,Pahang, June 2, 1902. He gives the soft parts as: Iris red, bill andfeet black.Dr. Hartert ^ has fixed the type locality of Drymophila velataTemminck as Java ; no specimens from that island have been availablefor comparison. The only male examined from Borneo is a somewhatlighter blue than any male in the Peninsular Siam series or in a singlemale from Sumatra. ? Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 553, 1902. -468 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis species should perhaps be placed in another genus, as it differssomewhat structurally from Philentoma pyrhoptera, but if so Drymo-phila Temminck (March 1825) cannot be used on account of Drymo-phila Such (January 1825).P. V. caesia ranges from Sumatra north through the Malay Statesand Peninsular Siam to southern Tenasserim.PHILENTOMA PYRHOPTERA PYRHOPTERA (Temminck)Muscicapa pyrhoptera Temminck, Nouveaii recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseaux,livr. 101, pi. 596, fig. 1, 1836 (Borneo and South Sumatra; type localityrestricted, Borneo).Two females, Sichol, Bandon, August 29-September 1, 1929; onemale, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 23, 1931; three females and oneunsexed, Kao Sai Dao, Trang, December 30, 31, 1933, and January8, 1934.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one male and three females. Lay SongHong, Trang, September 1-December 29, 1896; one male, Kao SoiDao, 1,000 feet, Trang, February 18, 1899; one male, TandjongBadak, Tenasserim January 7, 1900. He gives the soft parts of themale as: Iris crimson; bill black; feet brownish leaden. The iris inone female is given as dark brown, otherwise as in the male. Anotherfemale has the bill black above, pale brownish fleshy below; iris darkred. This latter is the usual condition. All the females collected byDr. Smith have light-colored bills. Only one female collected by Dr.Abbott has a black bill.For comparison I have two males and one female from Borneo ; onemale is a deeper buff on the chest than any male in the Malay Penin-sula series ; the other male shows no differences from the latter. Thefemale from Borneo is lighter above and a deeper buff below than anyfemale in the Peninsular series.The one male from Tenasserim and three from Peninsular Siammeasure: Wing, 81-87 (83.5) ; culmen, 16.5-17 (16.8) mm. Two malesfrom Borneo: Wing, 86-89.5; culmen, 16.5-17 mm. Two males fromSumatra: Wing, 79-82; culmen, 16-17 mm. Five females fromPeninsular Siam: Wing, 75-82 (79.4); culmen, 15.5-16.5 (16) mm.One female from Borneo: Wing, 79.5; culmen, 14.5 mm.The present form ranges from southern Tenasserim through Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Borneo, and Cochincliina.RHINOMYIAS OLIVACEA OLIVACEA (Hume)Cyornis olivaceus Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 5, p. 338, 1877 (South Tenasserim).One female, Sichol, Bandon, September 2, 1929; one male and twofemales, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 30, 31, 1933.Dr. Abbott collected two males and one female. Lay Song Hong,Trang, November 20, December 24, 1896; one male, Trang, Febru- BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 469 ary 28, 1897. He describes the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; billblack, brownish beneath; feet pale fleshy, pale brownish fleshy, palebluish fleshy, or purplish fleshy.The species ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, and West Java. Robinsonand Kloss ^ say that specimens from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra^and West Java are alike.Stuart Baker erected the genus Olcyornis for this species, butChasen * has removed it to Rhinomyias Sharpe where it probablybelongs. CULICICAPA CEYLONENSIS CALOCHRYSEA OberholserCulicicapa ceylonensis calochrysea Oberholser, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 76,no. 6, p. 8, July 16, 1923 (Quaynios, Tenasserim).Culicicapa ccylonensis oricntalis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 44, p. 11,Nov. 5. 1923 (Szechwan, China).One male, Doi Angka, 5,000 feet, December 7, 1928; one male, DoiHua Mot, August 30, 1934; seven males and one female, Khun Tan,3,000 feet, October 20, 28, 1928, September 2, 0, 1930, February 20-March 1932; one male, Kao Pae Pan Nam, February 18, 1934; onemale, Lampang, November 15, 1928; five males and one female, PakChong, February 17, 1925, November 15, 18, 1925, November 16-26,1929; one male and one female, Sikeu, near Korat, February 18 andMarch 1, 1926; one female, KaoLem, December 26, 1930; three males,Hin Lap, December 8, 1931; one male, Hupbon, November 15, 1931.This series seems to agree with specimens from northern Tenasserimand western China.The race ranges apparently from western Szechwan and Yunnansouth through Burma to Siam, Laos, Tonkin, and northern Annam.CULICICAPA CEYLONENSIS ANTIOXANTHA OberholserCulicicapa ceylonensis anlioxantha Oberholser, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 76,no. 6, p. 9, July 16, 1923 (Kao Soi Dao, Trang).Culicicapa ceylonensis mericlionalis Stuart Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 44,p. 12, Nov. 5, 1923 (Keo, Tung Song, Siam).One male, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, December 24, 1933.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males, Kao Soi Dao, Trang, 1,000feet, February 8, 1899; one male and one unsexed specimen. Lay SongHong, Trang, August 31, 1896, and January 1, 1897; and one unsexedspecimen, Telok Besar, Tenasserim, March 19, 1904.This series, while small, appears to be darker above than morenorthern specimens. Two specimens from the Langbian Peaks,South Annam, are paler and evidently go with the northern form. ? Journ. Nm. Hist. Sec. Siam, vol. 5, p. 242, 1924. ? Bull. Raffles Mus., no. II, p. 178, 1935. 470 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMC. c. antioxantha apparently is restricted to the Malay Peninsulafrom southern Tenasserim through Peninsular Siam to the MalayStates. This form is close to calochrysea and may not be recognizedas distinct by some authors, but for those who wish to unite the twoforms I would call attention to the page precedence of the latter overthe former name.EUMYIAS THALASSINA THALASSINA (Swalnson)Muscicapa thalassina Swainson, in Jardine's Naturalist's Library, ed. 1, vol. 10,Flycatchers, p. 252, 1838 (India).One female, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,000 feet, November 23, 1928;two females, Khun Tan, 3,000 feet, October 23, 1929, and February16, 1932; three males, Doi Nangka, November 17-20, 1930; one male ?and one female, Bangkok, January 30, 31, 1925; one male, Hin Lap, -December 10, 1931.The range of this form is from the high mountains of western Chinato northern India, Burma, Tenasserim, Siam, as far in the southwestas Koh Lake and Nong Kae, eastward to French Laos, Tonkin,Annam, Cochinchina, and Cambodia.Deignan ? states that it occurs on Doi Sutep at 3,500-5,500 feet,;and in small numbers on the plain in winter; it seems to be a commonbird all over northern Siam and evidently breeds in the mountains. -Away from the mountains it occurs only in the winter season, but ithas been recorded from practically all parts of Siam proper.Family MOTACILLIDAE: Wagtails, PipitsMOTACILLA ALBA OCULARIS SwinhoeMotacilla ocularis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1860, p. 55 (Amoy, Fohkien, China).One male, Chiengmai, November 24, 1928; one male and onefemale, Lampang, November 15, 1928; one male, Nongkae, February18, 1929.This form has a light-gray back and a black ocular streak.The form breeds in northeastern Siberia and migrates througheastern Cliina to wdnter in southern China, Indo-China, Burma,eastern Bengal, Siam, Formosa, and the Philippine Islands.De Schauensee ^ took a male at Chiengmai, January 5. Dr. Smithwrote abundant on the label of the Lampang male. Deignan ^ saysthat it is probably common in winter at Chiengmai from November2 to February 16. MOTACILLA ALBA BAICALENSIS SwinhoeMotacilla baicalensis Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 303 (easternAsia).One female, Lampang, November 15, 1928. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8. p. 144, 1931. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 238, 1934. ' Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 120, 1938. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 471This form has not been recorded from Siam before, unless the speci-men that was recorded by Williamson * from Bangkok as Motacillaleucopsis, and that Robinson and Kloss ^ think is dukhuensis, belongsto this race, which I think is most likely.M. a. baicalensis breeds from northern Manchuria to Lake Baicaland south to northeastern China and migrates southwest to Yunnan,the Shan States, and northern Siam (one record).This form resembles ocularis, but there is no black ocular streak.Little is known or recorded on the migration route of this form.La Touche ^^ says that he never found it along the coast, so that itsmigration must be inland and to the southwest. Its exact winterquarters are apparently not well known.MOTACILLA LUGUBRIS ALBOIDES HodgsonMotacilla alboides Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 191, 1836 (Nepal).Dr. Smith did not secure this form in Siam but took a male not farover the border at Chong Yam, Burma, January 15, 1933.De Schauensee '^ took a male at Chiengsen February 12, andalthough his record of this species is the only one I have seen for Siam,it probabl}'^ occurs oftener than the lone record would indicate, as itbreeds in the Himalayas, Tibet, the high mountains of western China,and Tonldn, and migrates south to India, Burma, Siam, and Indo-China.The adult of this form has the back and the throat black.MOTACILLA LUGUBRIS LEUCOPSIS GouldMotacilla leucopsis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1837, p. 78, 1838 (India).One male, Muang Pai, December 28, 1932; one male, Noan Wat,February 14, 1929. Dr. Smith also took a male at Mehiek,Burma, January 13, 1933.This form resembles alboides in the breeding plumage in being blackabove, but the black below is confined to the jugulum; the throat iswhite. Even in nonbreeding plumage the back is very dark gray,the nape black.The form breeds in Manchuria, Mongolia, and northern China toTibet and winters in southern China, Indo-China, Assam, Burma,eastern Bengal and Siam. In winter it has been taken practically allover Siam proper but especially in the northern and eastern part. Ihave no records for southwestern or Peninsular Siam, however.Deignan '^ reports it common on the plain at Cliiengmai fromSeptember to April. 8 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 200, 1917. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. vol. 5, p. 306, 1924.II A handbook of the birds of eastern China, vol. 1, pt. 5, p. 400, 1930.11 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia, vol. ?6. p. 238, 1934." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. IJist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 153, 1931. 472 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMOTACILLA CINEREA CASPICA (Gmclin)Pariis caspicus Gmelin, Reise durch verschiedeno Provinzen dcs russischenReichs, vol. 3, p. 104, pi. 20, fig. 2, 1774 (Enzeli, Caspian Sea).One male, Chiengmai, November 25, 1928; one female, Nan, April14, 1930; one female, Wang Kien, March 13, 1934; one male and onefemale, Sikeu, near Korat, February 7, 15, 1926; one female, NongMong, Aluang Krabin, August 24, 1925; one male, Nong Khor, nearSriracha, September 27, 1925; one male, Koh Chang, January 16,1926; one female, Pran, April 2, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, September 19 and October 4, 9, 1896; near base ofKao Nom Plu, March 8, 9, 1897) ; and three males, Mergui Archipelago^1900 (Domel Island, February 25; Bentinck Island, March 11;Hastings Island, December 12).All except two of the above series are either in winter or immatureplumage.The form breeds from the Ural Alountains east to Kamchatka andsouth to the Himalayas, It winters in India, Burma, Assam, Siam,Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo, the Philippmes^Celebes, and as far south as New Guinea.In Siam it is a common winter visitant all over the country and southin Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.Deignan ^^ reports it common at Cliiengmai from August to Anril.I have not seen any dates for arrival and departure from the south.BUDYTES FLAVUS SIMILLIMUS (Hartert)Motacilla flava simillima Hartert, Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna, vol. 1,Heft 3, p. 289, 1905; Nov. Zool., vol. 26, p. 167, 1919 (Sula Island).Four males, Bangkok, October 25, 28, 1926; April 11, 15, 1934;one unsexed, Hin Lap, September 29, 1932; two males and one female,Koh Tao, off Bandon, September 22, 26, 1928.All this series, except the two spring males from Bangkok, are inimmature plumage with white underparts.The following were received from Dr. W. L. Abbott: Three imma-ture males, Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, October 22, 1899; one female,80 miles west of Penang, October 9, 1902.Nearly all this series are in young pkimage with white underparts.I am doubtful whether they all really belong to this form. There isno way of absolutely being able to tell the young of B. J. simillimusand B. t. plexus apart. Both color and measurements break downupon examination. As a rule the j'^oung of plexus form has a morenarrow and interrupted superciliary, but a topotypical immature inthe United States National Museum has this feature, almost if not <> Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 153, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 473quite, as well marked as the young of B.J. simillimus. The difficultyis that there are too few young specimens taken on their breedinggrounds in collections to work out this plumage.Robinson and Kloss ^* state that this form is commoner than B. t.plexus throughout the Malay Peninsula. This is very likely the case,but there are few records.The form breeds in Kamchatka and northeastern Siberia and mi-grates through eastern China to the Malay Peninsula, Java, thePhilippines, Celebes, and the Moluccas.BUDYTES FLAVUS TAIVANUS SwinhoeBudytes taivanus Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 334 (Formosa).A male (in immature plumage) and a female collected by C. BodenKJoss at Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, November 7, 1899, were receivedfrom Dr. W. L. Abbott.Gyldenstolpe '* records two males collected at Koh Lak, December2 ; Robinson and Kloss '^ state that they have seen three in the Wil-liamson collection taken at Bangkok and that it is not a common birdin the Malay Peninsula.The form breeds in the Lake Baical region to the Amur, Sakkalin,and the Kurils, wintering in Formosa, southeastern China, Indo-China,southern Siam, and the Malay Peninsula.It is easily recognized from the other forms of the species by theyellow superciliary in all plumages.BUDYTES THUNBEKGI PLEXUS Thayer and BangsBudytes flavus plexus Thayer and Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 5,p. 41, 1910 (Kolyma River, northeastern Siberia). "iBudytes flavus macronyx Stresemann, Avifauna Macedonica, p. 76, 1920 (Wladi-wostok).Seven males and two females, Bangkok, December 2, 22, 1924,October 23, 1925, October 28, 192G, April 13-28, 1934; one male,Nan, April 13, 1930.These specimens have been compared with five specimens of plexusfrom the type locality with which they seem to agree fairly well,except for one male taken April 13, which has a grayer head andbrighter back. All the Kolyma birds were taken in June and seemto be somewhat faded. One male taken June 2 approaches thisbright-colored Bangkok male, however.While I have not had any specimens of macronyx from the typelocality for comparison, I am almost convinced that it is the sameas 'plexus and is the form that migrates through eastern China to the xjourn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. vol. 5, p. 365, 1924."Knngl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. nandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 32, 1916."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 366, 1924. 474 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMIndo-Malayan region. Siishkin '^ upholds macronyx, however, buthis diagnosis is not very convincing and he gives no measurements.Five a(]ults of plexus from the Kolyma measure: Vv'ing, 77-83(79.4); tail, 65-70 (67.7); culmen, 12.5-13 (12.8); hind claw, 10.5-11(10.9) mm. Seven from Siam: Wing, 76-84 (80.4); tail, 67-72 (69.7);culmen, 13-13.5 (13.1); hind claw, 10-13 (11.2) mm.As I have mentioned before,'^ it seems to me that Budytes thunhergibelongs to a diil'erent form group from B. jiavus and that such anarrangement would certainly show their relationship and explaintheir distribution better.B. t. plexus breeds in northeastern Siberia and migrates througheastern China to Indo-China, Siam, and Burma to winter. In Siamit has been recorded scatteringly practically all over the country andin Peninsular Siam as far south as Patani.'* Deignan -^ records it asnot uncommon at Chiengmai during the cold weather.DENDRONANTHUS INDICUS (Gmelin)Moiacilla indica Gmelin, Systema naturae, vol. 1, pt. 2, pi 962, 1789 (India).One male, Mekhan, February 7, 1932; one female, Pang Meton(Doi Nangka), May 2, 1931; one female, Khonka Valley, January 20,1933; one male, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20, 1930; two males andone female, Bangkok, December 30, 1925, April 5, 7, 1926; onefemale, Pak Chong, November 20, 1929; one male, Sakon Nakon,March 13, 1929; two females, Pran, April 1, 2, 1931; one male andone female, Nakon Sritamarat, September IS and October 1, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two females in Trang(Telibon Island, February 27, 1896; Prahmon, March 28, 1896); andone unse.xed, St. Luke Island, Mergui Archipelago, January 19, 1900.He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown ; upper mandibles dull black,lower mandible fleshy white; feet flesh colored.The species breeds in southeastern Siberia, Korea, northern China,the mountains of western China, Assam, and Burma, and winters insouthern China, Indo-China, Siam, India, the Malay Peninsula, Java,Borneo, etc. It has been recorded practically from all over Siam,including the Malay Peninsula.Deignan ^' recorded it orce in August on Doi Sutep at 3,500 feet,which is a very early date; \\'illiamson " reports it not common aroundB mgkok between the middle of September and April.I'Proc. Bobt. rfoc. Nat. Hist., vol. 38, no. 1, p. 33, 1925. "Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. vol. 77, art. 15, p. 31, 1930.i?0.eilvie-Grant, Fa.sciculi Malayeiises, pt. 3, p. 71, 1905.wjourn. Siam Soc. Nat. Ili.st. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 154, 1931. 'I Journ. Piam Poc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. S, p. 154, 1031.? Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 202, 1917. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 475ANTHUS HODGSONI RichmondAnthus hodgsoni Richmond, in Elackwelder, Research in China, vol. 1, pt. 2,p. 493, 1907 (new name for Pipastes maculatus Jerdon, preoccupied; Nepal)..One male and one female, Cliiengmai, November 24, 25, 1928;one male, Doi Nangka, November 20, 1930; one female, Khun Tan,October 26, 1929; one male and one female, Mae Hong Sorn, January9, 1933 ; one male, Muang Pai, December 27, 1932; one male, Nongkai,February 18, 1929; three females, Sikeu, near Korat, February 22-March 1, 1926; one male and one female, Pak Chong, February 10,1925, November 27, 1929; one female, Hin Lap, Dccem.ber 10, 1931;.two males and two females, Tha Chang, March 16-18, 1927; one male,and one female, Sakon Nakon, March 13, 1929.The species has been divided into several races. I agree withBangs and Peters's ^^ conclusions that it is not advisable to maintainthem. Birds of this genus undergo great seasonable changes inplumage.The species breeds on the Arctic coast of northeastern Siberia, thehigh mountains of western China, and the Himalaj^as. It migratesto India, Burma, Siam, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, and thePhilippines to winter. It has been recorded from all over Siam, butin the Peninsula it apparently is only a straggler.Robinson and Kloss ^* record two specimens taken near Trong,.Trang, December; later ^'^ they say that Williamson has four in hiscollection from Nongkae, southwestern Siam, taken December andJanuary, and mention that Kedah Peak is the southernmost place atwhich ihej have met it. Butler ^^ however, recorded one from theLarut Hills, Perak. Deignan ^^ states that at Cliiengmai it is commonfrom October to April. ANTHUS CERVINUS (Pallas)Motacilla cervina Pallas, Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, vol. 1, p. 511, 1811(Camtschatka).Anthus rufogularis Bbehm, Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte aller europaischenVogel, vol. 2, p. 963, 1824 (Nubien and Deutschland).Three males and one female, Bangkok, December 27, 1924, January15, 1925; December 13, 1926, January 14, 1927; one male and onefemale, Noan Wat, February 14, 1929.This species breeds in northern Europe and northern Asia toKamchatka and migrates to Africa and to southern Asia as far as-northern India, Siam, southern China, Indo-China, and the Philip-pines; accidental in Alaska and Lower California. ? Bull. Mils. Comp. Zool., vol. C8, p. 3G8, 1928." Ibis, 1911, p. 74.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 369, 1924.M Jouru. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc, vol. 32, p. 21, 1899. ?' Journ. Kiam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 154, 1931. 476 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM It has been recorded a number of times by several collectors fromBangkok. Williamson ^* records it from there between Februaryand March; Kloss ^? from Koh Lak. Deignan ^? reports it locallycommon in December and January at Cliiengmai. De Schauensee ^^took a pair at Petriu, October 23, 1932; Robinson and Kloss ^^ record:a male from Tapli, Pakchan, March 3, 1919. The latter is apparentlythe only record for Peninsular Siam.It is probably a regular winter resident in Siam proper in small:numbers. ANTHUS niCHARDI RICHARDI VieillotAnthus richardi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. 26, p. 491, 1818(Abbeville, France).One male. Nan, April 16, 1930; three males and two females, Bang-kok, February 27, 1925, October 25-November 1, 1926; one male,Ban Den Muang, February 25, 1929; one female, Ban Ton, February ?27, 1929; one male, Sam Roi Yot, November 14, 1932.This form breeds in Siberia and Kansu and migrates to southernChina, Indo-China, Siam, Burma, and India to winter.Williamson ^^ records it from Bangkok, November to May; Kloss '*from Lat Bua Kao, Tachin, and Koh Lak; de Schauensee^* fromBangkok, January 11 and October 24, and Chiengmai, January 28;Robinson and Kloss ^? state that Williamson obtained a specimen atNaihut, Peninsular Siam, October 29, 1921, which is the southernmostrecord for the Peninsula.This is the large form of pipit, with a very long hind claw. The ?wings in the above series (9) measure 86-95 (90.9); hind claw, 14-18<15.9) mm. ANTHUS RICHARDI MALAYENSIS EytonAnthus malayensis Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 104 (Malacca).One female, Yala, Patani, February 1, 1931; one male, Patalung,July 5, 1929; one male and one female, Huey Yang, Kao Luang,^akon Sritamarat, October 10, 1930; two males and two females,Koh Lak, June 5-16, 1933; three females, Sam Roi Yot, November7-14, 1932; one male. Ban Pong, September 17, 1929; three males,Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 8, 9, 1928; 10 males and 21 females,Bangkok, September 19-October 11, 1924, October 22-30, 1925, June23, August 3, 6, and October 28, 30, 1926, April 13, 1934; one male,Ban Takaw, October 22, 1932; tw^o males. Bung Borapet, March 24, ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 205, 1917. ?' Ibis, 191S, p. 220.?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Siippl., vol. 8, p. 154, 1931. ?i Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 239- 1934. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 369, 1924." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 203. 1917. '* Ihis, 1918, p. 220.3? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 239, 1934. -1? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 368, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 47725, 1933; three males, Chomtong, November 29, 30, 1928; one female,Kao Lem Sing, Cliantabun, June 11, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected: Two males, two females, and oneunsexed in Trang (Prahmon, March 5, 13, 1896; Lay Song Hong,December 10, 1896; near Chong, January 20, 1897); two females,Tanjong Badak, Tenasserim, January 7, 12, 1900; one female, TanjongKalong, Singapore, May 2, 1900; one male and one unsexed, Treng-ganu (Dungun River, September 19, and Tanjong Dungun, Sep-tember 21, 1900). He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; uppermandible horn brown, lower mandible pale fleshy, yellowish at gape;feet pale brownish fleshy.Apparently there is no appreciable difference between specimensfrom northern Siam and the Malay Peninsula. No birds from Bengalhave been available for comparison. A large series from the Philip-pines, where it is said to be resident, has a grayer cast above than theSiamese series, but below there is little difference. This is A. r, lugu-bris (Walden).Eight males from the Malay Peninsula (6) and southwestern Siam(2) measure: Wing, 77.5-82.5 (80.5); tail, 52-58 (54.8); culmen, 14-15(14.5); hind claw, 11-14.5 (12.9) mm. Nine males from northern andcentral Siam: Wing, 74-83 (80.3); tail, 50-58 (56); culmen, 13.5-14.5(14); hind claw, 10-15 (12.2) mm. Ten males from the Philippines:Wing, 79-83 (81.4); tail, 55-63 (58.5); culmen, 14-15.5 (15); hindclaw, 12.5-15 (13.7) mm.A. r. malayensis ranges from northern Siam south to Tenasserimand south in Peninsular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Java,and Borneo ; to the east it probably extends into Cambodia.Apparently it is a common resident all over Siam. Robinson "records it from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan, off Bandon, and fromLangkawi;^* Herbert found it breeding around Bangkok from earlyin May to as late as July 26 and describes the nest and eggs.^^The species breaks up into a number of races in Africa and Asia,extending in the latter as far south as Sumba.The plumage is very variable, according to season. As a rule it isfresh and bright in fall and winter but bleaches out in spring andearly summer.There are several immature specimens in the series taken in Juneand August, but none very young. Those taken in June are of aboutadult size and differ from the adults only in plumage. Above theyare similar to the adult; except the feathers are edged with a verylight buff, almost white; below they are also similar to the breedingfemale, but the chest lacks the ochraceous wash and the spots are not " Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 151, 1915.? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 186, 1917.?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 215, 1923.33527?38 31 478 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSO sharply defined. In the immatures taken in August the streaks onthe chest are broader and more in the nature of spots than strealcs.The immature is Hghter below even than the breeding female. Thismay account for some of the light-colored winter specimens.Family ARTAMIDAE: Wood-swallowsARTAMUS FUSCUS VieillotArtamus fuscus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., ed. 2, vol. 17, p. 297, 1817(Bengal)-Two females, Bangkok, September 14 and June 21, 1923; threemales, Nongkae, May 5, 1929; one female, Sakon Nakon, March 16,1929.The female, taken at Bangkok, June 21, is immature. It is ofabout adult size. Similar to the adult but blackish above with wood-brown tips to the feathers of the back, the remiges tipped vntli drab,the gray tips to the tail feathers broader, the lower parts with dusky.The species ranges from India east to western China, Burma,Indo-China, and Siom. In Siam it occurs pretty much all over thecountry, except the Peninsular portion. Koh Lak in the southwestis as fnr in this direction as it has been recorded.Gyldenstol])e ?'? records it from Chiengsen and Koh Lak. Herbert "found it breeding in colonies at Bansakai and Paklat, central Siam,from the middle of April to the middle of June and describes the nestand eggs. Deignan ^- states that it is common on the plain at Chieng-mai throughout the year. There are a few other records for thecentral and western part of the country.Family LANIIDAE: ShrikesLANIUS COLLURIOIDES LeeaonLanius collurioides Lesson, Voyage aux Indes-Orientales . . . B^langer, p. 250,1831 (Pegu).Lanius hypohucus siajnensis Gyldenstolpe, Orn. Monatsb., 1916, p. 28 (KohLak, Siam).Lanius collurioides griseicapiHus Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 47, p. 13,1926 (Xieng-Khouang, Laos).One male. Bo Ploi, Kanburi, September 9, 1928; one male, Lom-sak, February 16, 1934; one male, Chiengmai, November 26, 1928;one female, Pak Chong, February 8, 1925. Dr. Smith gives the softparts as: Iris dark brown; bill black; legs dusky blue.The male from Bo Ploi is almost pure white below, the Chiengmaimale light ochraceous-bufT, and the Lomsak male intermediate. The ?? Kiingl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. ITandl., vol. 56. no. 2, p. 43, 1016. ?i Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 109, 1923.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 147, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 479female has the forehead and supercihary white, the pileum and hind-neck hght neutral gray, the auriciilars fuscous, and the mantle lighterthan in the male ; the lower parts white.A specimen similar above, from Lat Bua Kao, collected by C. BodenKloss, October 13, is in the United States National Museum; below itis ochraceous-buff . It is sexed as a subadult female.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records this shrike from Koh Lak and Khun Tan ; Kloss " took it at Lat Bua Kao ; de Schauensee ^^ records it as commonin the lowlands at Chiengmai, Chiengrai, and Chiengsen, and on histhird expedition ^^ he collected it at the additional localities of BuaYai and Tung Sio. Deignan *^ states that it is common on the plainat Chiengmai from July to March.The form ranges from the hills south of the Brahmaputra, Assam,south to Tenasserim, southwestern, central, northern, and easternSiam, east to Laos, Tonkin, northern Annam, and Cambodia.LANIUS NIGRICEPS LONGICAUDATUS Ggilvie-GrantLanius longicaudatus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859, p. 151 (Siana; nomeanudum).Lanius nigriceps var. longicaudatus Ogilvie-Grant, Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 479,1902 (Siam).One female, Nakon Patom, April 10, 1926; two adult males, oneadult female, and one immature female, Bangkok, March 14 andJune 27, 1924, October 23, 1925, November 4, 1926; two males, Rang-sit, May 5, 1929; one male, Nongkae, May 5, 1929; two males, onefemale, and two young. Bung Borapet, June 21, 28, 1932.The two young taken at Bung Borapet, June 21 and 28, are con-siderably smaller than the adults. In the younger of the two speci-mens the pileum is buffy white, the crown and nape with dusk}^ crossbars; a black masque embracing the subocular and auricular region;hindneck gray, barred \vith fuscous; remainder of upper parts ochra-ceous-butf barred with fuscous but with some russet feathers of thenext plumage coming in; a new blackish tail is replacing a tawny one;the inner remiges are bordered with tawny; the lower parts are wliite,band across chest and sides warm buff with sparse very fine cross,bars; under tail coverts warm buff.The immature taken at the same place, June 21, is similar, but thecross bars on the head come farther forward, and a few black featherS:are appearing on the nape.An immature female taken at Bangkok, June 27, is similar to thelast, but it has a longer and browner tail, the bars on the head are^heavier and come farther forward. It is a larger and older bird. *' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 66, no. 2, p. 40, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1916." Ibis, 1918, p. 214." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sd. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 549, 1930." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 221. 1934." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 145, 1931. 480 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis race differs from L. n. nigriceps in having the black fartherdown on the hindneck without any intervening gray band between itand the hazel of the back, the latter deeper, the tail longer.It ranges from central Siam to southwestern Siam and Tenasserim,but just how far it extends east and southwest is not known.Gairdner ^* records it from the Petchaburi district; de Schauensee *^from Sriracha. Herbert ^? found it breeding around Bangkok andtook nests and eggs in May and June.LANIUS CRISTATUS CRISTATUS LinnaeusLanius cristatus Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 10, p. 93, 1758 (Bengal).Two immature males and one immature female, Bangkok, October12, 1923, December 21, 1925, October 25, 1926; one immature female,Pak Chong, November 22, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a single immature female, Kantany,Trang, January 16, 1897.This form breeds in eastern Siberia and w^inters in southern China,Indo-China, Siam, northern India, and the Malay Peninsula.Deignan ^^ reports it very common around Chiengmai from Julyto March; Williamson " records it from Bangkok September to April;Robinson ^^ states that in the Malay Peninsula it extends south asfar as Malacca and the Langkawi Islands.LANIUS CRISTATUS SUPERCIUOSUS LathamLanius swperciliosus Latham, Index ornithologicus, Suppl., p. xx, 1801 (Batavia,Java).One subadult male. Ban Pong, September 17, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected one immature male. Lay Song Hong,Trang, October 17, 1896; one adult male, one adult female, and twoimmature females, Trengganu in 1900 (Tanjong Dungun, September22; Packa River, September 25; Tanjong Laboha, September 30;Kamamun River, October 1),This is a deeper red-backed form than L. c. cristatus, with a broaderwhite forehead and superciliary.It breeds in Sakhalin, Japan, Manchuria, and Mongolia, andwinters in southern China, Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Java,and the Sunda Islands as far as Sumba.The migration route of this form to the Malay Peninsula must bemore to the eastward, as there are no records for it from eastern " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 149, 1916.hia, vol. 80, p. 558, 1928. ' Proc. Acad. Nat. Soi. Philndelpliia, vol. 81, p. 559, 1930. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 234, 1934. ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 134, 1936.?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. Ill, 1923." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Riam, vol. fi, p. 313, 1924." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 357, 1924.33527?38 32 494 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM molted and not replaced. The remainder of the immatiires are likethe adult but grayer above and with less buff on the breast and belly.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, April 2, 1896; and Lay Song Hong, November 19, 1896).He gives the soft parts as: Iris yellow; bill yellow, base black; feetyellow or brownish yellow.The adults are grayer, less brownish, and the buff below is lighterand less extensive, except the under tail coverts, which are deeperbuff when compared with A. j. juscus of India, which is considerablylarger.A. j. torquatas ranges from the Malay States north through Penin-sular Siam to southern Tenasserim.Bonhote *^ records it from Patalung and Patani; Ogilvie-Grant "from Patani; Robinson and B^loss ^^ from Trang. They state that itis not found south of Selangor. Robinson ^^ says that it extends northto the Istlimus of Kra.AETHIOPSAR GRANDIS GRANDIS (Moore)Acridotheres grandis Moore, in Horsfield and Moore, A catalogue of the birds inthe Museum of the Hon. East India Company, vol. 2, p. 537, 1856-58(Sumatra, error; Tenasserim).One male and one female, Muang Kanburi, April 10, 14, 1928;one male, Nan, April 13, 1930; one male, Bung Borapet, March 22,1933; one female, Sikeu, near Korat, February 15, 1926; one female,Lat Bua Kao, August 10, 1929; four males and one female, PakChong, April 25, 26, 1926; one female, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 9,1928; one male and one female, Nong Khor, March 23, 1926; oneunsexed, Kao Lem Sing, Chantabun, June 8, 1926.The female taken at Lat Bua Kao, August 10, is immature butabout adult size. It is molting into the first winter plumage andhas nearly completed the process, except for the head, wings, tail,and a streak down the center of the breast. The head and throatare fuscous, and a streak of this color runs down the breast to the anus;the rest of the body plumage is a new and a much lighter gray thanthat of the adult; the outer secondaries and some of the lesser andgreater wing coverts are new. The specimen wears a lighter liverythan the adult, and this must be considered in comparing specimens.The form ranges practically all over Siam proper and in the south-western part of the country as far as Koh Lak.Herbert " secured five sets of eggs taken in June and July atAyuthia, Samkok, Hua Takhae, and the Tachin side. '? Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1901, vol. 1, p. 66.i? Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 67, 1905. "Ibis, 1911, p. 68.? The bir'ls of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 283, 1927." Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 112. 1923. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 495The form ranges from southwest Burma to eastern Burma, Tenas-serim, Siam proper, Yunnan, and Indo-China.A closely related form, A, g. infuscatus Baker, is found in northernBurma and eastern Assam. A. javanicus (Cabanis), of Java, is adistinct species in my opinion, a much lighter gray, and separated bya long stretch of country where another species takes its place.STURNOPASTOR CONTRA FLOWERI SharpeSturnopastor floweri Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 7, p. 17, 1897 (Tachinand Tahkamen, central Siam).Two males, Nan, April 13, 15, 1930; one male, Prae, April 26, 1930;one male, Ban Pong, September 17, 1929; one male, Muang Kanburi,April 14, 1928; nine males and eight females, Bangkok, October 7, 25,1924, September 14 and October 24-31, 1925, April 7 and September 6,1926.A pair taken at Bangkok April 7 are young of the year not fullygroM'n. They are brownish black above, on the throat, and chest;superciliary, anterior ear coverts, and chin, white; otherwise resemblingthe adult. Another immature pair, taken September 6 and 17, haveassumed the glossy black of the adult, except on the head, throat, andpart of the remiges, the brown of previous plumage still remains.Another pair taken September and 14 has about acquired the glossyblack plumage of the adult and even some of the peculiar whitefeathers are coming in on the forehead.Dr. Smith also toolc an adult male at Moulmein, Burma, February 3,1933. This specimen difiers from the Siamese series in having theback dark brown and the breast grayish white and evidently belongsto S. c. superciliaris. One of the males from Nan has a brownish washto the back and approaches this Moulmein male but still has a blacksheen and is really intermediate. The other male from Nan is typicalfloweri and so is the male from Prae. I am therefore of the opinionthat the birds from northern Siam should all be placed under j^owen,or else they are intermediate.S. c. floweri is found practically all over Siam proper and in thesouthwest as far as Koh Lak. Williamson ^* has recorded it fromChantabun, but I have seen no records from eastern Siam. In thenorth it is said not to be common. Herbert ^^ states that it is acommon breeder in centra-l Siam, nesting from April to July. Hedescribes the nest and eggs.The form ranges from eastern Tennasserim through Siam tonorthern Laos. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 206, 1916." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 112, 1923. 496 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMFamily NECTARINIIDAE: SunbirdsCHALCOSTETHA CALCOSTETHA CALCOSTETHA (Jardine)Nectarinia calcosteiha Jardine, The natural historj' of the Nectariniadae, p. 263,1843 (East India Islands: Java).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected five males and three females, SingaporeIsland, May 18-28, 1899, October 15, 19, 1899, March 4, 1900; onemale and two females, Tandjong Laboha, Trengganu, September 30,1900; one male, Kemamun, Trengganu, October 1, 1900; and one male,Pulo Terutau, Peninsular Siam, November 9, 1903.This sunbird has been taken in Siam only at Junkseylon, Trang,and Pulo Terutau. Robinson ^? gives the range as Malay Peninsulafrom Singapore north to southern Tenasserim, south and central Siam,Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. For some reason this bird appearsuncommon north of the Malay States. It seems to be an inhabitantof small islands rather than the mainland.AETHOPYGA SIPARAJA SIPARAJA (Rames)Cerlhia siparaja Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 13, p. 299, 1822(Sumatra).Two males, Bangnara, Patani, July 13, 18, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbot collected three adult males, one immature male,and three females on Singapore Island, May 12-25, 1899; one adultmale, Kemamun, Trengganu, October 1, 1900.This form ranges from Sumatra and the Rhio Archipelago norththrough the Malay States to Patani.Robinson and Kloss ^' say that the northernmost examples theypossess, belonging undoubtedly to it, come from Penang, but thatit may occur in Patani. Their supposition is correct, and the twomales collected there by Dr. Smith agree with males from Singapore.The form differs from the next {A. s. cara) in having the breastfuscous or blackish. AETHOPYGA SIPARAJA CARA HumeAethopyga cara Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 2, p. 473, 1874 (south of Moulmeln,Tenasserim).Eight males, Koh Chang, January 9-15, 1926; one male and onefemale, Koh Kut, May 21, 22, 1929; two males and two females,Kao Seming, Krat, October 10-15, 1928; two males, Kao Sabap,Januarj'- 5, 9, 1930; four males and one female, Nong Khor, nearSriracha, November 19, 1924, September 27-October 1, 1925; oneimmature male, Lat Bua Kao, August 6, 1929; two males, Hupbon,November 3, 5, 1931; two males, Sikeu, near Korat, February 16,1926; one female. Lam Klong Lang, near Pak Chong, June 4, 1925; ?? The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 299, 1927.? Journ. Nat. Dist. Boc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 373, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 497 one male, Muek Lek, April 26, 1933; five males, Aranya, July 12-17,1930; one male, Nong Along, Krabin, August 25, 1925; one male,Nakon Nayok, November 16, 1929; one male, Nong Yang, November4, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected six males (one immature) and onefemale in Trang, March 6, 1896 and March 4, 1897, January 5-27,1899; one female, Victoria Island, Tenasserim, January 5, 1900; oneimmature male, Mali\vim, Tenasserim, March 25, 1900; and onemale. Chance Island, Mergui Archipelago, December 31, 1899.The specimens from Trang can be matched by others from northernand southeastern Siam and evidently belong to the same form.Five males from Trang measure: Wing, 51-54.5 (53.3); tail, 40-44(41.8); culmen, 15-17 (16.3) mm. Ten males from northern andsoutheastern Siam: Wing, 51.5-56 (54.5); tail, 40.5-46.5 (44); cul-men, 15.5-17 (16.3).The form ranges from eastern Siam to southeastern Siam andthrough Peninsular Siam at least to Trang, Tenasserim, and southernBurma.Gairdner ^^ has recorded it from Ratburi and Petchaburi. It alsooccurs probably on all the islands of the Gulf of Siam and on thewest coast of Peninsular Siam from Terutau and Langkawi north-ward. Robinson records it from Koh Samui,^^ off Bandon, and fromKoh Chang and Koh Kut.^''AETHOPYGA SIPARAJA SEHERIAE (Tickell)Nectarinia seheriae Tickell, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 2, p. 577, 1833 (nearSeheria, Borabhum).Two males, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 18, 20, 1930.The two males from Nam Kien are more or less intermediate butnearer to seheriae.A. s. seheriae ranges in the foothills of the Himalayas from Kumanto eastern Bengal, Assam, Laos, and northern Siam.Deignan '^^ records it as rare at Chiengmai from December to June.AETHOPYGA TEMMINCKH (S. Muller)Nectarinia temminckii S. Muller, Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke Geschie-denis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen ... p. 173, footnote, 1843(Mount Singalang, Sumatra).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected a male in Trang, January 27, 1897.This specimen was mentioned by Dr. C. W. Richmond. ^^ Robinsonand Kloss " secured a male in the hills above Chong, Trang, December " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 149, 1915.w Journ. Federated Malay States Mas., vol. 6, p. 151, 1916.? Ibis, 1915, p. 757. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 124, 1936.?? Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 319, 1900. ?' Ibis, 1911, p. 75. 498 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM1909. These are the only two specimens taken in Peninsular Siani,which is the northern limit of its range.The species ranges from Borneo and Sumatra northward throughthe mountains of the Malay States to Trang, Peninsular Siam.It may be distinguished from all other species occurring in Siamby having the upper surface of the tail red, a little lighter than theback; below it resembles A. s. cara.A. temminckii has been made a form of A. mystacalis, of Java, bysome recent authors, a species to which it is only related generically.A. mystacalis has the exposed surface of the tail above metallicpurple while in A. temminckii it is nonmetallic red, and there areother differences. AETHOPYGA DABRYH DABRYII (Verreaux)Nectarinia ddbryii Verreaux, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 173, pi. 15, 1867 (Szechwan).One female, summit of Doi Sutep, December 15, 1928; one female,Khun Tan, September 8, 1930; one adult male and one immaturemale, Doi Nangka, November 4, 11, 1930.The immature male taken on Doi Nangka, November 4, 1930, isin a plumage resembling the female, but more yellowish on the belly;some red feathers of the adult plumage are coming in on the back,wing coverts, sides of head, and breast.The first specimen recorded from Siam was taken at Khun Tan byCount Gyldenstolpe.^^ Since then it has been taken at Chiengmai ^*and Doi Sutep,^? 5,500 feet, and Chiengdao ^' by de Schauensee.This is a common breeding bird in Szechwan and Yunnan, China,and it has been taken in northwestern Tonkin, northern Laos, north-ern Siam, and Burma as far south as Muleyit. Wliether it is residentin Siam or only a winter visitor is open to question. Deignan ^^reports that it occurs on Doi Sutep in the cold weather. In a largeseries of the form in the United States National IVIuseum from westernSzechwan and western Yunnan, there is only one specimen taken inwinter. This seems to show that the majority must move farthersouth.From below the form resembles somewhat A. nipalensis angkanensis,but the red of the chest comes right up to the color of the throat, andthe throat and pileum are a shining violet-purple instead of darkgreen. A. n. angkanensis has a narrow yellow band across the chestbelow the throat patch. There are numerous other differences,but the above will suffice. ?? Ibis, 1920, p. 4fi2.? Proc. Acad. Niit. Sci. Phila., vol. 80, p. 561, 1928.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 563, 1930.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 241, 1934.M Journ. Siam See. Nat. Hist. Suppl., \ol. 8, p. 155, 1931. BIRDS FKOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 499AETHOPYGA SANGUINIPECTA SANGUINIPECTA WaldenAethopyga sanguinipecta Walden, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., scr. 4, vol. 15, p. 400,1875 (Tonghoo Hills, Burma).One male, Doi vSutep, 3,000 feet, December 15, 1928; two males,Khun Tan, 4,000 feet, September 8, 1930, February 22, 1932; twomales, Doi Nangka, November 8, 10, 1930; one male, Doi Hua Mot,August 23, 1934. ^1. s. wrayi occurs in the mountains of the Malay States but appar-ently has not been taken as far north as Peninsular Siam. It issimilar to A. s. sanguinipecta but is darker on the breast and belly, thered striations on the chest are less extensive, the yellow rump band isnarrower, and the blue of the head and tail is more purplish.Williamson ^^ reports sanguinipecta from Muang Wang, northernSiam. De Schauensee ^* reports it very common on Doi Sutep anddescending to the level of the plain at Chiengsen; on this third expedi-tion ^^ he found it common at Chiengmai (Doi Sutep), Khun Tan,and Chiengdao; Deignan ^^ states that on Doi Sutep it occurs between3,500 and 5,500 feet.The form ranges from Yunnan through the southern Shan States,Burma, to Muleyit in Tenasserim, northern Siam, Laos, Tonkin,Ajmam, and Cambodia.AETHOPYGA ANOMALA RichmondAethopyga anomala Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, p. 318, 1900 (KaoSong, Trang, Peninsular Siam).Dr. W, L. Abbott collected nine males and six females in Trang(Kao Norn Plu, 3,000 feet, February 20,26, 1897; Kao Song, 2,500feet, March 2, 1897; Kao Nok Ram, 3,000 feet, January 10, 13, 1899;and Kao Soi Dao, 2,500 feet, February 9, 1899).Apparently no one has taken this form since Dr. Abbott collectedthe above series.It is quite distinct from A. saturata and I believe it is not a form ofthat species at all but should be recognized as distinct. It differsfrom A. saturata in smaller size, in the darker maroon back, and thelack of a yellow rump band. It differs from A. sanguinipecta wrayi inthe darker maroon of the back, in lacking the yellow rump band, andin the fewer or absence of the red streaks on the chest; the size is aboutthe same.The red streaks on the chest in the male of A. anomala are presentIn only two of the males before me, and they are very faint. Thefemale of A. anomala resembles the female of A. saturata, but is smallerw Journ. Nat. ITist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 23, 19IS.?* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 563, 1929." Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol. 80, p. 241, 1934."Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 155, 1931. 500 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMand has a narrower yellow rump band. I have not examined a femaleof A. wrayi.Eight males measm-e: Wing, 49-51.5 (50.4); tail, 49-67 (53.9); culmen,16-18 (16.7) mm. Five females: Wing, 43-47.5 (45.4); tail, 30-35.5(32); culmen, 15-16.5 (15.7) mm. There is great variation in thelength of the tail in the males. In some specimens it is long, drawnout, and very attenuated at the tip for about half its length; in othersit is shorter and not so attenuated at the end, but broader. I ratherthink the latter are younger males.AETHOPYGA NIPALENSIS ANGKANENSIS RileyAethopyga nipalensis angkanensis Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 42,p. 162, 1929 (Doi Angka, Siam).Two males and one female, Doi Angka, 8,000, 8,400 feet, December5 and 6, 1928.This form is similar to A. n. nipalensis, but the chest is grenadinered unstreaked.As the description may not be accessible to Siamese ornithologists,it is given as follows: Head, nape, hindneck, throat, and ear covertsa shining invisible green ; a line from bill on sides of face dusky ; a bandon chest below green of throat lemon chrome; chest and breast grena-dine red; belly sulphine yellow; under tail coverts apricot yellow witha slight reddish tinge, sides lemon chrome; back and running up as aband to sides of neck morocco red; rump lemon-chrome; tail blackish,the middle feathers, except at tip, and the outer feathers basally onthe outer web a shining invisible green, two outer feathers with yellow-ish citrine tips; tail coverts like central tail feathers; wing covertsoutwardly and scapulars olive-citrine, the wing coverts tinged withreddish; remiges fuscous, all, except the outer, bordered on the outerweb with olive-citrine, the inner feathers tinged with english red.Type: Wing, 52.5; tail, 59.5; culmen, 18 mm.The second male is like the type. Wing, 54.5; tail, 65.5; culmen,19 mm.The female (wing, 47.5; tail, 43, culmen, 16 mm) is like the same sexof nipalensis, but the head and throat are tinged with grajnsh and thesecondaries are more deeply colored (near orange citrine instead ofcitrine) on the outer web.Dr. Smith secured only the three specimens at the type locality.It is evidently a high mountain form and will probably also be foundon some of the high mountains of Burma.It is a different looking race from nipalensis and could even rank asa species, except that it evidently belongs to the same form group.Mr. Deignan informs me that he also secured specimens on DoiAngka. BIRDS FKOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 501Robinson and Kloss " described A. n. australis from Kao Luang,Nakon Sritamarat.LEPTOCOMA BRASHJANA PHAYREI (BIyth)Neciarinia phayrei Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 1008, 1843(Arracan) . Five males, Bangnara, Patani, May 16, 1924, July 14, 20, 1926;two males, Yala, Patani, February 1, 1931; one male, Thalo, Bandon,September 13, 1931; two immature males and two immature females,Koh Pangan, July 25-31, 1931; one male, Lem Sing, Cliantabun,June 14, 1926; two males, Kao Sabap, Cliantabun, January 5, 1930;November 6, 1933; two males and one female, Kao Seming, Krat,October 11, 15, 1928; one male, Nakon Nayok, November 16, 1929;four males and one female, Koh Chang, April 5, 1924, January 8-15,1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected eight males and one female in Trang(Prahmon, February 23 and March 4, 1896; Tyching, August 9, 1896;La}^ Song Hong, September 25, 1896; Trang, January 4, 1897, March4, 1899); one male, Pulo Langkawi, December 8, 1899; two males,Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 15 and 17, 1899; one maleand one female in Tenasserim (Tanjong Badak, January 7, 1900,and Bok P5''in, February 11, 1900); one male and two females, HeiferIsland, Mergui Archipelago, March 5, 6, 1900; two males, SingaporeIsland, May 18 and 21, 1899.All the males with two or three exceptions, from the Malay Penin-sula and more northern localities in Siam have the rump violet-purpleor a shining coppery green with a violet iridescence. Two malesfrom Java (brasiliana) have the rump a shining dusky green-blue.Two or three of the males from the Malay-Siamese series have therump green, yet there is a slight purple iridescence in certain lightsand the green is not exactly the same as in the Java males.The four immature specimens (two males and two females) fromKoh Pangan are grayer on the back and deeper 3^ellow below thanthe adult females; one of the males has a single metallic-green featherappearing on the side of the nape.L. b. phayrei ranges from the southern end of the Malay Peninsulanorthward to southern Burma and southern Siam.Robinson and Kloss ^^ report that it is commoner in the north ofthe Peninsula, especially near the sea and on islands, than it appearsto be in the south. Dr. Smith did not find it in northern Siam, norare there any records that I am aware of from that part of the country,but it occurs in southeastern Siam and will probably be found even-tually near the coast in southern Siam. ?' Bull. Brit Orn. Club, vol. 44. p 14, 1923.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 370, 1924. 502 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCYRTOSTOMUS FLAMMAXILLARIS FLAMMAXILLARIS (BIyth)Nedarinia flammaxillaris Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 14, p. 557, 1845(Tenasserim) . One male and one female, Nakon Sritamarat, September 16, 26,1926; one male, Hiiey Yang, October 1, 1930; one male and one female,Koh Pangan, July 23, 1931; two males and one female, Koh Lak,June 6-24, 1933; one male and one female, Pran, April 1, 2,1931;one male and one female, Muang Kanburi, April 9, 15, 1928; one maleand one female, Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20, 1930; four males and12 females, Bangkok, August 25, 1923, June 26, 1924, July 2, 1925,May 26, 31, and August 5, 1926, April 27-May 14, 1934; two males,Bung Borapet, June 24, 1932 and March 21, 1933 ; two males, Nong Kai,February 18, 1929; one male, Prae, April 10, 1930; five males andtwo females, Muek Lek, April 16-28, 1933; two males and one female,Sriraclia, May 24, 1925 and April 19, 1934; one male and one female,Khlung, Chantabun, January 3, 1930; one male and one female,Chantabun, May 28, 1929; two males and one female, Lem Sing,Chantabun, June 8, 12, 1926; one male, Sakeo, near Krabin, May 3,1928; one female, Kao Seming, Krat, January 2, 1930; two females,Koh Sichang, July 5, 1930; one female, Koh Chang, January 9, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males in Trang (Prahmon, March18-23, 1896 ; Trang, March 4, 1899) ; one male, Pulo Langkawi, December4, 1899; one female, Pulo Nipis, Butang Islands, December 13, 1899;one male and one female, Pulo Adang, Butang Islands, December 16,17, 1899; five males, Tenasserim (Victoria Point, January 3 andMarch 16, 1900; Victoria Island, January 5, 1900; Tanjong Badak,January 8, 1900); two males and two females, Mergui Archipelago(Sullivan Island, February 4, 1900; High Island, December 30, 1900).Apparently there are no constant differences between Peninsularspecimens and those from farther north in Siam.The form ranges from Penang northward through Peninsular Siamto Tenasserim, and southern Burma eastward to Siam proper, Cam-bodia, southern Laos, Cocliinchina, and southern Annam.Herbert ^? says that it breeds in fruit gardens near Bangkok, nest-ing from January to September and occasionally in other months;Robinson records it from Koh Samui and Koh Pcnnan, off Bandon '?and Terutau, Langka\\d, Butang Islands, and Trang." The onlynorthern records I have seen are those of Count Gyldenstolpe *^ forKhun Tan and of de Schauensee ^^ for Chiengmai and Chiengsen. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 220, pi. 15, 1923. Oiseaux I'lndochine Fran^aise, vol. 3, pi. 34, 1931. ?' L'Oiseau, new ser., vol. 2, p. 438, 1932."Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, pt. 2, pi. 7, 1918. 516 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAI^ MUSEUMknown range of D. h. beccarii is separated by several hundred milesfrom D. h. cambodianum. They are both mountain forms, so far asknown, and much of the intervening country would be unsuitable.D. b. beccarii and D. b. cambodianum differ from D. ignipectum bythe absence of the scarlet chest patch in the male. The female isdescribed as resembling the same sex of D. ignipectum. but is grajdshblue-bronze above and a paler fawn color below.The range of D. b. cambodianum is the mountains of southeasternSiam, the Plateau Bolovens, southern Laos, and southwesternCambodia. DICAEUM TRIGONOSTIGMUM TRIGONOSTIGMUM (Scopoli)Certhia trigonostigma Scopoli, Deliciae florae et faunae insubrica,e, pt. 2, p. 91,1786 (China, error; Robinson and Kloss ^^ restrict it to Malacca).Two males and one female, Bangnara, Patani, July 19, 21, 1926.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected seven males and three females, Trang(Prahmon, February 22 and April 5, 1896; Lay Song Hong, September9, 1896; Chong, January 21, 1897; Kao Soi Dao, 1,000-1,500 feet,February 9 and 15, 1899; Trang, February 15, 1897, January 6 and21, 1899); one male, Singapore Island, May 2, 1899.The specimens from Trang seem to agree with birds from the southbetter than they do with the next form to be considered (rubropygium) , from Tenasserim. The northern limit of the southern race cannotbe much north of Trang, as a specimen from Bandon seems to belongto the northern form.The present form evidently ranges from Sumatra and the MalayStates north in Peninsular Siam to Trang.A number of other named forms occur on the islands off the westcoast of Sumatra, Java, the Anamba Group, Natuna Islands, andBorneo. In the Philippine Islands a number of closely related speciesoccur. DICAEUM TRIGONOSTIGMUM RUBROPYGIUM BakerDicaeum trigonostigma rubropygium Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 41, p.108, 1921 (Mergui).One male, Ban Ku'iwong, Nakon Sritamarat, July 10, 1928; onemale, Sichol, Bandon, September 5, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males in the Mergui Archipelago(Chance Island, December 27, 1899; Bentinck Island, March 8, 1900).The males from the Mergui Archipelago have the breast and middleof the back a deeper orange than those from Trang southward.With the northern form I would place the male from Bandon listedabove. The male from Nakon Sritamarat is immature but assumingthe adult plumage which is near completion. 83 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. .% p. 383, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 517There seems little if any difference in size between the northernand southern Malay Peninsular forms. Eleven males from RhioArchipelago (1), Singapore (1), Patani (2), and Trang (7) measure:Wing, 46-52 (48.6); tail, 19.5-23.5 (21.8); culmen, 10.5-11 (10.8)mm. Four males from Mergui Archipelago (3) and Bandon, Penin-sular Siam (1): Wing, 46-52 (49.7); tail, 20.5-24 (22.6); culmen,10-11 (10.5) mm.Stuart Baker ^* says this form occurs in Assam in a restricted area(Lakhimpur) and then does not occur again until the Karen Hillsand Pegu, Burma, are reached; thence it occurs to southern Tenas-serim, and Peninsular Siam as far as Bandon and Nakon Sritamaraton the eastern coast and Ghirbi and Junkseylon (Puket) on thewestern coast. The last two localities are cited on the authority ofRobinson and Kloss.^*DICAEUM CHRYSORRHAEUM CHRYSORRHAEUM TemtninckDicaeum chrysorrhaeum Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizesd'oiseaux, livr. 80, pi. 478, 1829 (Java),Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two males and one female, Trang,February 14, 15, 1897, and January 3, 1899.This race is found in Peninsular Siam south of latitude 10? N.,the Malay States, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.Robinson ^^ records it from Terutau and Trang; Robinson andKloss ^^ from Nong Kok, Ghirbi.DICAEUM CHRYSORRHAEUM CHRYSOCHLORE BlythDicaeum chrysochlore Biyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 12, p. 1009, 1843(Arracan).One male, Kao Seming, Krat, October 10, 1928.This specimen is much brighter above than the Peninsular race(chrysorrhaeum); below the streaks are finer, the throat whiter, andthe under tail coverts a deeper yellow.The form ranges from latitude 10? N. in Peninsular Siam northwardthrough Siam to Burma and eastward to Cochinchina, Annam, andTonkin.Count Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Koh Lak; Robinson andKloss ^^ from Nam Chuk, Pakchan Estuary; Williamson^'' fromBangkok and Mueklek; Baker ^^ examined specimens from Mueklek s< The fauna of British India, Birds, ed. 2, vol. 3, p. 425, 19;W.8' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 388, 1924.89 Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 7, p. 189, 1917. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 119, 1919." Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Randl.. vol. 56, no. 2, p. 36, 1916. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 390, 1924. '0 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 212, 1917. ?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 416, 1919. 518 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL JIUSEUMand Krabin. Deignan ^^ found it but twice on Doi Sutep at 3,500 feet.Though generally distributed in Siam proper, it is not often takenby collectors. DICAEUM CONCOLOR OLIVACEUM WaldenDicaeum olivaceum Walden, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 15, p. 401, 1875(Tonghoo and Karen Hills).One male, Chiengmai, November 25, 1928; two females, Lampang,November 17, 1928; one female, Khun Tan Mountains, 4,000 feet,May 9, 1933.A male and female from Laos, one male from Tonkin, and a femalefrom Daban, South Annam, are darker and duller above and con-siderably lighter below than the above Siamese series. The twospecimens from Laos and the male from Tonkin are in worn and fadedplumage, but the South Annam female is in unworn and fresh plumage.The three Siamese females are much more buffy below than the male,but the South Annam female is darker and more brownish, lessgreenish above, especially on the head and back, and more grayish,less buffy, below than even in the Siamese male. The differencebetween it and the Siamese females is even more pronounced.The four specimens from Siam measure: Wing, 43-46 (44.6); tail,20-24 (21.4); culmen, 9-10 (9.6) mm. The two from Laos, one fromTonkin, and one from South Annam: Wing, 43.5-46.5 (45.7); tail,19-22.5 (20.9); culmen, 8-9.5 (9) mm.The form ranges in the Himalayas from Nepal to Assam, south toBurma, Yunnan, vSiam, South China, Laos, Tonkin, South Annam,Tenasserim, Peninsular Siam, the Malay States, and Sumatra.Gyldenstolpe *' says that it is quite common in northern Siam.Deignan "* reports it common on the plain at Cliiengmai and on DoiSutep to 2,700 feet. Robinson and Ejoss ^^ say that it has not beenyet obtained from the country between Moulmein (Tenasserim) andPenang, though in both these places it is not uncommon. DeSchauensee ^^ states that it is found commonly in the foothills andoccasionally up to 5,500 feet at Cliiengmai and Khun Tan.CHARITOCIRIS PERCUSSA IGNICAPILLA (Eyton)Dicaeum ignicapilla Eyton, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, p. 105 (Malaya).Two males and one female, Bangnara, Patani, May 15, 1924, July16, 1926; one male and one female, Bukit, Patani, January 23, 25,1931; one male, Tha Lo, Bandon, September 27, 1931.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four males and one female at Lay SongHong, Trang, September 2-December 8, 1896; and one immature ? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 166, 1931.w Ibis, 1920, p. 466.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 156, 1931.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, p. 391, 1924. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 244, 1934. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 519male at Trang, January 21, 1899. He gives the soft parts as: Irisgrayish brown; upper mandible black, lower mandible leaden; feetleaden.In addition to the above, I have examined only one male fromBorneo and one from Sumatra; they do not seem to differ materiallyfrom Peninsular Siamese birds.One of the males collected by Dr. Smith at Bangnara (no. 307436)and another male from Bukit are passing from an immature plumageinto that of the adult and have almost completed the change; theBangnara male is in a more advanced state than the other. In theBukit male the upperparts are changing from a plumage similar tothat of the female to the blue back of the male and the process isabout half completed; the wings and tail are like the adult female;the red crown spot is appearing; below, the yellow of the adult hasappeared, but the color is not so bright; the scarlet chest spot is ap-pearing but is barely indicated. The Bangnara male is just fartheradvanced; there are only a few feathers of the immature plumageremaining; the scarlet crown patch is like that of the adult male;below^ it is like that of the adult male but is not so bright, nor is thescarlet chest spot so large. This Bangnara male has some whitefeathers over the right eye, but there are none on the left side.One of Dr. Abbott's specimens from Trang is still younger (no.169944, January 21). It is like the adult female, but there are a fewblue feathers appearing on the upper back and rump and there is noindication of a crown patch; below it is like the adult female, exceptit is not so yellowish especially the throat. There is no sign of thescarlet chest spot.Robinson and IQoss ?^ record a male from Tasan, Chumporn,Peninsular Siam, and say that it is the northernmost specimen re-corded. De Schauensee ^^ lists it from Nakon Sritamarat; Baker ^'from Tung Song; Ogilvie-Grant ^ from Patani.The form ranges from southern Tenasserim south through Penin-sular Siam to the Malay States, Sumatra, Borneo, Natuna Islands,and probably other nearby islands of the China Sea.OHARITOCIRIS MACULATA MACULATA (Temminck)Pardalotus maculatus Temminck, Nouveau recueil de planches colorizes d'oiseauxlivr. 101, pi. 600, fig. 3, 1836 (Borneo).Dr. W. L. Abbott collected an adult male at Tanjong Silantei, eastcoast of Johore, July 26, 1901. He gives the soft parts as: Iris red;bill black; leaden beneath at base. " Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 392, 1924. ?9 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 244, 1934."Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 416, 1919. ? Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 74, 1905. 520 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThis specimen has been compared with six males from Borneo andone male from Sumatra. From the Bornean specimens it differs inbeing darker above, the coronal spot a deeper orange; below thedifferences, if any, are not great; the bill is longer. From the Suma-tran male it differs only in being slightly darker above and having alonger bill. "Whether these differences would hold in a larger seriesis problematical.The male from Johore measures: Wing, 52.5; tail, 26; culmen,11.5 mm. The male from Sumatra: Wing, 52.5; tail, 23; culmen,10 mm. The six males from Borneo: Wing, 50-54 (51.6) ; tail, 22-24.5(23); culmen, 9.5-10.5 (10) mm.C. m. maculata has been recorded from Kedah, PerHs, and some ofthe other Malay States, but it is doubtful whether it extends to Penin-sular Siam; it is also doubtful whether the form occurring in Borneoand Sumatra is the same as that inhabiting the Malay States. It isquite likely that the latter should be separated.CHARITOCIRIS MACULATA SEPTENTRIONALIS (Robinson and Kloss)Prionochilus maculatus septentrionalis Robinson and Kloss, Journ. FederatedMalay States Mus., vol. 10, pt. 3, p. 206, 1921 (Tasan, Chumporn, PeuinsularSiam).One male and one female, Bangnara, Patani, July 14, 17, 1926; onemale, Bukit, Patani, January 25, 1931Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males and two females in Trang(Lay Song Hong, September 9, 1896, December 8, 27, 1896; Trang,February 2, 1897, January 3, 1899). He gives the following note onthe soft parts: Bill black, leaden at the base beneath; feet dark leaden.The three specimens from Patani do not differ materially from thoseof Trang. A small series from Borneo of C. m. maculata does differconsiderably from Peninsular Siamese birds as follows: The male ismore of a yellowish citrine above rather than dull citrine and thecrown spot is orange-chrone rather than scarlet; below, the throatsare yellower, and there are other differences, but I have given enoughto show they are quite different races.Four males from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing, 51.5-56 (53.6);tail, 22.5-26.5 (24.6); culmen, 10.5-11 (10.9) mm.C. m. septentrionalis ranges from southern Tenasserim throughPeninsular Siam to the east coast of Patani.It does not seem to have been recorded much farther north thanthe type locality; Tapli, Packchan Estuary, being only a little northand west.^ Apparently it is not a common bird. It has been recordedfrom Kao Nawng, Bandon, by Robinson;^ Kao Ram, 1,200 feet, ' Kobinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist. Siam, vol. 5, p. 392, 1924. ? Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 110, 1915. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 521Nakon Sritamarat, by Robinson and Kloss;* and by de Schauenseefrom the same state. ^ Baker ^ lists it from Klong Wan Hip.PIPRISOMA MODESTA MODESTA (Hume)Prionochilus rnodestus Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 3, p. 298, 1875 (southernTenasserim).Dr. W. L. Abbott took three males and one female in Trang,December 29, 1898, and January 3, 1899. He gives the color of thesoft parts as: Iris pale yellowish brown; bill leaden at base, black attip; feet black.Tiie only specimen available for comparison outside of vSiam is afemale from southern Sylhet, Assam. It is more dull citrine aboverather than the saccardo olive of the Peninsular specimens and hasfewer and fainter streaks below. It is certainly not the same as thePeninsular bird.The two males and one female from Trang measure: Wing, 55-63(59.2); tail, 25.5-32 (29); culmen, 8.5-9 (8.7) mm. The single femalefrom Assam: Wing, 56.5; tail, 25; culmen, 8 mm.Just what range the present form has is not definitely known. Ibelieve it is confined to northern Siam, southern Tenasserim, andsouth through Peninsular Siam to the northern Malay States.Gjddenstolpe ^ took a single male at Khun Tan, May 17, 1914, butwhether it should be placed with the Peninsular form, the eastern form,or belongs to another race, I am unable to say. It is the only recordfrom northern Siam I have seen. Robinson and Kloss ^ record a malefrom Tasan, Chumporn, and five specimens from Tapli, PakchanEstuary.P. m.Jinschii (Bartels) (P. m. subsp. remotum Robinson and Kloss)is found in the Malay States, Sumatra, and western Java. I haveseen no specimens of this form. It is said to be darker and duller,with little or no white on the tail. Possibly it occurs in Patani.PIPRISOMA MODESTA PALLESCENS RileyPiprisoma modesta pallescens Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 48, p. 148,1935 (Pak Chong, eastern Siam).One female, Tha Chang, March 14, 1927; one female, Pak Chong^November 26, 1929.The United States National Museum also possesses a female fromOk Yam, Franco-Siamese Boundary, collected by C. Boden Kloss.These three specimens differ from the two males and one femalefrom Trang mentioned above as follows: Paler and more grayish ' Journ. Federated Malay States Mus., vol. 11, p. 63, 1923. ? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 241, 1934. ? Journ. Nat. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 417, 1919. ' Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 36, 1916.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 392, 1924 522 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM above; more whitish below, the streaks narrower; the under tailcoverts much paler.There is not nmch or any difference in size. The three specimensmeasure: Wing, 57.5-59 (58.2); tail, 27-29 (27.7); culmen, 8-9(8.3) mm.Williamson? records specimens from Bangkok and Muaklek, butwhether the Bangkok record belongs here or to the Peninsular formI am not able to state. Baker '? records it from Pak Chong andKrabin. Kloss^* collected four females at Ok Yam.The form is probably confined to eastern Siam, extending intoIndo-China. Family ZOSTEROPIDAE: White-eyesZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA WILLIAMSONI Robinson and KIossZosterops palpebrosa williamsoni Robinson and Kloss, Journ. Nat. Hist, ocSiam, vol. 3, p. 445, 1919 (Meklong, central Siam).One adult male, five immature males, and one adult female, NakonSritamarat, September 16-24, 1926; six males and 12 females, Bang-kok, March 29-April 3, 1934.The adults from Nakon Sritamarat agree fairly well with the seriesfrom Bangkok, though the latter are more worn. Dr. Smith writesthat they suddenly appeared in some numbers around Bangkok fora few days and then disappeared, probably one of those erraticwanderings in search of food. They seem to be in worn plumagelike birds that had already passed through a breeding period.The immatures from Nakon Sritamarat are almost duplicates ofthe adult, except in size ; all but one have a slight indication of a yellowstreak on the belly.The adult male from Nakon Sritamarat measures: Wing, 54;tail, 33; culmen, 11 mm. The female: Wing, 52; tail, 32; culmen,10.5 mm. Six males from Bangkok: Wing, 51-54 (52.2); tail,33.5-36 (34.5); culmen, 11-11.5 (11.2) mm. Ten females fromBangkok: Wing, 51-54.5 (53); tail, 32.5-35 (34); culmen, 10.5-11(10.9) mm.The series resembles Z. p. palpebrosa but is duller and more green-ish above, lighter and more whitish below.The form M^as first described from central Siam and in the originaldescription one was recorded from Koh Rah, Takuapa, west coastof Peninsular Siam and Batu, Selangor. Robinson ^* gives it forPatani; Delacour and Jabouille " record it from Cambodia, Annam,Tonkin, and Laos. " Jouni. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 213, 1917. "> Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 416, 1919.i> Ibis, 1915, p. 756." The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 316, 1927." Oiseaux I'lndochine Franpaise, vol. 4, p. 176, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 523ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSA CACHARENSIS BakerZosterops palpebrosa cachnrensis Baker, Ibis, 1922, p. 144 (Gujong, northernCachar).Zosterops palpebrosa vicinia Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 42, p. 1G2,1929 (Summit Doi Sutep, Siam).One male and one female, summit Doi Sutep, December 15, 1928;two males and one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 29, September 1,1934.This form was described by me as Z. ^'^ vicinia as similar to Z. p.palpebrosa but lighter, more yellowish above, flanks less grayish, thechest suffused with, a j'^ellowish wash, with a well-pronounced yellowstreak down the center of the chest; wing, 54; tail, 36.5; cuimen,11 mm.Since the original description was published, Chasen and Kloss ^^have questioned the validit}^ of the form. The tliree specimensfrom Doi Hua Mot are molting; the new feathers appearing on thethroat and upperside are somewhat deeper j^ellow than the oldfeathers, but that the three specimens belong to this form there isno doubt. De Schauensee '^ secured a series at Chiengmai, Chiengdao,and the southern Shan States and states that cacharensis and viciniaare the same. I think he is correct, as I was originally misled byTicehurst lumping the former with palj)ehrosa.Deignan^^ reports it not uncommon on Doi Sutep from 3,500-5,500feet. He also mentions that an unidentified species occurs on theplain in winter. This is probably Z, japonica sinensis, which Dr.Smith collected at Chiengmai.ZOSPEROPS AUREIVENTER AUREIVENTER HiuneZosterops aureiventer Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. G, p. 519, 1878 (Tavoy).Dr. Abbott collected a male on Telibon Island, Trang, February25, 1896.The United States National Museum also possesses a male fromPulo Pintu Gedong, Selangor, October 29, 1912.The male from Trang is more greenish, not so yellowish above asthe Selangor male; below they are much alike, but the bill in the latteris longer. The Trang male measures: Wing, 52.5; tail, 31; cuimen,10.5 mm. The male from Selangor: Wing, 53; tail, 33; cuimen, 12mm.Robinson " has noticed these differences and states that the bird ofthe Malay States belongs to another form that does not go muchfarther north than Penang, but he does not name it. Robinson andKloss '* record aureiventer from Koh Rah, Peninsular Siam. i? Journ. Siam Soc. ^fat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 248, 1932. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 2Z0, 1934. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 154, 1931." The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 316, 1927." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 394. 1924. 524 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe form evidently ranges along the coast from southern Tenasserimsouth in Peninsular Siam to Trang or a little farther.ZOSTEROPS JAPONICA SINENSIS SwinhoeZosterops sinensis Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 331 (for Zosterops japonicus Swinhoe,Ibis, 1861, p. 35).Zosterops simplex Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, p. 331 (after the above, on the same page,and for the same form).Two males, Chiengmai, November 25, 1928; one male and threefemales, Lampang, November 17, 1928; one female, Doi Nangka,November 9, 1930.This particular race is a much more greenish-backed bird abovethan forms of palpebrosa, the yellow of the forehead is wider, and thethroat and under tail coverts are paler. It is almost certain that deSchauensee's ^? records of Z. simplex williamsoni from Chiengrai,Chiengdao, Chiengsen, and the southern Shan States, belong to thisform.Whether this form is resident or only a winter visitor to Siam is notknown, so far as I am aware. In South China it is resident, butfarther north it is migratory, and the birds found in Siam in the wintermay be migrants from farther north.The form is found from North China south to Burma, Siam, Laos,Tonkin, and Annam.I follow Stresemann ^^ in placing this as a form of japonica, as thisseems to be the best arrangement so far proposed.Family PLOCEIDAE: WeaverbirdsPLOCEUS PHILIPPINUS INFORTUNATUS HartertPloceus passerinus infortunatus Hartert, Nov. Zool., vol. 9, p. 577, 1902 (SungeiLebeh, Pahang).One male and one female, Bukit, Patani, January 26, 1931; onemale, Patalung, July 6, 1929; one male, Koh Samui, Bandon, August7, 1931; one male, Rajaguri, April 10, 1926; three males and threefemales, Bangkok, June 17, 1923; April 7, 8, 1924, April 1, 10, andJune 2, 1926; one female, Bung Borapet, June 21, 1932; two malesand four females, Prae, April 11, 1930.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected the following: Two males and onefemale, Tyching, Trang, May 16, 23, and June 2, 1896; two males andtwo females, Tanjong Kalong, Singapore, April 17 and March 4, 1900.He took two sets of three eggs each. May 16; one set of four eggs,May 26; one set of three eggs, one set of two eggs, and one single,June 23; all in 1896 in Trang, probably from the same colony. Thefirst three sets are marked as incubation commenced or advanced. ? lYoc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhUadelphia, vol. 81, p. 563; 1930; vol. 86, p. 240, 1934.? Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, vol. 17, Heft 2, p. 207, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 525Dr. Abbott gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill black (male),horny yellow (female); feet flesh color, claws horny brown.Ten males from the Malay Peninsula and Central Siam measure:Wing, 65-72.5 (70); tail, 41-48.5 (46.9); culmen, 16.5-17.5 (17) mm.Eight females from the Malay Peninsula and Central Siam: Wing,66-72 (68.6); tail, 41.5-47 (44.4); culmen, 16-17 (16.7) mm.There are only two males from northern Siam. They measure:Wing, 71-73 mm. The four females from northern Siam have wingmeasurements of 68, 68, 68.5, and 69 mm.The wings of the Malay Peninsula specimens average slightlysmaller than those from central and northern Siam, but the difl'erenceis very slight. The latter are probably intergrades toward thenorthern Burmese form, P. p. burmanicus Ticehurst, but nearer theMalay race.P. p. infortunatus ranges from Java, Sumatra, and the Malay Statesnorthward through Peninsular Siam to Tenasserim, southern Burma,eastern Bengal and Siam and eastward to Laos, central Annam, andCochinchma. In Siam it occurs practicall}^ throughout the countryfrom the northern boundary south to Patani and beyond and is resi-dent.Herbert ^^ reports it common in the vicinity of Bangkok, breedingin colonies from the first half of May until as late as August 22,according to season. He describes the nest and eggs.PLOCEUS MANYAR PEGUENSIS BakerPloceus manyor peguensis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 45, p. 58, 1925 (Pegu).One male. Bung Borapet, June 24, 1932.This specimen is in nonbreeding plumage and has been comparedwith a pair from Java of P. m. manyar in similar plumage. It is lessbuffy on the chest and flanks, and the abdomen is more extensivelywhite.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it from Chienghai, northern Siam. William-son ^^ reports it resident at Bangkok, where Herbert ^^ says it is fairlynumerous, breeding from mid-June to as late as September 11, anddescribes the nest and eggs.Probably this weaverbird is of local occurrence, as there are fewrecords for Siam proper and none at all for Peninsular Siam.The form ranges from the Himalayan foothills from Garhwal toeastern Annam, Bengal, Burma, Yunnan, Siam, Cambodia, andAnnam. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 115, 1923." Kungl. Svenska Vet.Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 29, 1016. ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 192, 1917.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 118, 1923.33627?38 34 526 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMPLOCEELLA HYPOXANTHA CHRYSAEA (Hume)Ploceus chrysaeus Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. 6, p. 399, 1878 (Tenasserim).Eleven males and five females, Bung Borapet, June 19-30, 1932.The males in this fine series when compared with two males fromJava have the edges of the mantle feathers of a more greenish, lesspure yellow; the pileum is darker on the average, and the chest is moretinged with raw sienna. The mainland form is somewhat larger,though a larger series from Java may not uphold this.Eleven males from Siam measure: Wing, 66-69 (67.5); tail, 49-56(47.5) ;culmen, 15-16.5 (15.5) mm. Five females: Wing, 61-65.5 (61.9);tail, 44.5-47 (45.5); culmen, 14-15 (14.4) mm. Two males from Java:Wing, 65-65.5; tail, 47.5-51; culmen, 15.5-16 mm.No specimens from Sumatra have been available for examination.The mainland form from Tenasserim northward is separated by awide stretch of territory where no birds of the genus are known tooccur, from the form that occurs in Java and Sumatra.P. h. chrysaea has been taken only in Siam at Bung Borapet andSamkok. Herbert ^^ found it breeding in colonies at the latter placefrom the first week in June until August 13, and he describes the nestsand eggs.The form ranges from Tenasserim to Upper Burma and Pegu, Siam,Cambodia, and Cochinchina.A closely related form, P. h. hypoxantha (Sparrman) is found inSumatra and Java. PADDA ORYZIVORA (Linnaeus)Loxia oryzivora Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, p. 302, 1766 (Asia andEthiopia; probably Java).One female, Bangkok, October 11, 1924.De Schauensee ^^ secured an immature male at Bangkok, Sep-tember 23.These are the only two records for Siam known to me.A female was received from Dr. W. L. Abbott collected by C. BodenKloss at Singapore, March 14, 1900.This species has been introduced into so many parts of Asia andAfrica that it is rather hard to tell just what its original range was.Robinson " states it was probably originally wild in Java, Bali,and Sumatra.It is now found wild in the Alalay States, central Siam, Indo-China,southern China, the Philippines, St. Helena, and eastern Africa. " Joiirn. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 119, 1923.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 6fi0, 1930." The birds of the Malay Peninsula, vol. 1, p. 288, 1927. BIEDS FROM SIAM AND THE MiVLAY PENINSULA 527MUNIA MAJA MAJA (Linnaeus)Loxia niaja Linnaeus, Systema naturae, ed. 12, vol. 1, p. 301, 1766 (India orientali;Malacca) . One male, Pak Bhayoon, Tale Sap, July 11, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected four adult males, one immature male,and four females in Trang (Tyching, May 20, 1896; Lay Song Hong,December 1, 1896; near base of Kao Nom Plu, March 9, 1897; Trang,March 7, 8, 1897); one male, the Dindings, Straits of Malacca, April15, 1900; one male, Tanjong Dungun, Trengganu, September IS, 1900.He gives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown; bill horny or leaden blue;feet dark leaden blue.This species is very variable. In the adults there are two plumages,one in which the back is sorghum brown and the other in which it iswalnut brown. The upper tail coverts vary from claret brown to amars yellow; the latter color is usually old and worn and appears tobe replaced by the claret brown. The majority of the specimensexamined have the head and chest washed with wood brown, deepeston the latter, only the forehead and around the eyes whitish. A fewspecimens have the head wliite, and rarely the head and chest arewhite.The immature male listed above from Trang was collected March 9.The lower parts are cinnamon-buff; back sayal brown, the pileum huffybrown; wings and tail dusky edged with the color of the back.A small series from Java is hardly, if at all separable, from themainland bird.The form ranges from Trang and Patalung in Peninsular Siam southto the Malay States, Sumatra, and Java. It is a Malayan form, andthe specimens taken by Dr. Abbott and Dr. Smith are the northern-most on record. MUNIA ATRICAPILLA ATRICAPILLA (Vieillot)Loxia airicapilla Vieillot, Histoire naturelle des-plus beaux oiseaux chanteurade la zone torride, p. 84, pi. 53, 1805 (Les Grandes Indes; restricted byRobinson and Kloss ^^ to lower Bengal).One adult male and one immature male, Bung Borapet, June 20,24, 1932.Tliis form is much darker, both above and below, than sinensis; themiddle of the breast and belly is black or fuscous ; and the longer uppertail coverts are chestnut. The immature male taken June 24 is buffybut is already molting into the adult plumage.Whether the form of northern Siam belongs to AI. a. ruhronigraHodgson I do not know, as I have seen no specimens from that part ofthe country. Chasen and Kloss ^^ seem to regard Vieillot's name asan earlier name for it, and I am employing it in this sense. ? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 362, 1924. ?? BuO. Raffles Mus., no. 2, p. 23, 1929. 528 BULLETIlSr 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMIn northern Siam I have seen but two records, both by Gylden-stolpe?one from northern Siam without locality ^? and the other fromChienghai and Chiengsen.'^ Williamson ^^ records it as rare at Bang-kok. Herbert ^^ found it breeding at Dookanong, Samkok, andAyuthia, in June and July, and describes the nest and eggs. Robin-son and Kloss ^* record three males and four females from Koh Lak.De Schauensee took two pairs at Bung Borapet in June and gives thewings as 55, 54, 52, and 55.5 mm. Dr. Smith's male measures: Wing^53; tail, 33.5; culmen, 11.5 mm.The range of the form is eastern Bengal to Burma, Annam, Siamproper, and Indo-China.MUNIA ATRICAPILLA SINENSIS BIythMunia sinensis Blyth, Catalogue of the birds in the museum Asiatic Society,p. 337, 1849 (1852) (Penang; founded on Edwards, pi. 43).One male and one immature female, Bangnara, Patani, July 19,1926; one male and two females, Patalung, July 9, 1929.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected two females, Tyching, Trang, May 26,1926; one male and one female, the Dindings, Straits of Malacca,April 13, 1900; one male, Dungun River, Trengganu, September 24,1900; one set of three eggs, Rumpin River, Pahang, July 3, 1902. Hegives the soft parts as: Iris dark brown or reddish brown; bill hornblue or leaden; feet dark blue or leaden.This series is much lighter above and below than M. a. atricapilla;the black patch on the belly is absent ; and the longer upper tail covertsare aniline j^ellow, inclining to xanthine orange or amber-brown in twoor three specimens.In the series of nine adults of M. a. sinensis only two have a definitedark patch on the belly, and even then it is not black but more of achocolate. The sexes are alike.The nine adults measure: Wing, 47.5-54 (51.8); tail, 29-34.5(30.7); culmen, 11-12 (11.5) mm.This form ranges from the Malay States northward as far as Trangat least, but how much farther it is impossible to say.MUNIA STRIATA ACUTICAUDA HodgsonMunia acuticavda Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 19, p. 153, 1836 (Nepal).One female, Doi Hua Mot, August 23, 1934; one male and onefemale. Ban Nam Kien, Nan, April 20, 1930; one male and one female,Aranya, July 13, 14, 1930; two males (one immature), Bangkok,October 27, 30, 1925; one male, Sriracha, April 19, 1934. '? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 170, 1916.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 27, 1916." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 193, 1917." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 121, 1923.?* Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 362, 1924. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 529This form is slightly less heavily streaked on the breast and theupper tail coverts are brown rather than black when compared withMalay Peninsula birds.The four males and three females measure: Wing, 48-50 (49.4);tail, 40-42.5 (41.3); culmen, 11-11.5 (11.2) mm.This form ranges in the Himalayan footliills from Garhwal to east-ern Assam, eastern Bengal, northern Burma, and Siam proper; to theeastward it probably extends into Indo-China.It has not been possible to compare these with Nepalese material,but all the birds from northern and central Siam seem to be the sameand to differ somewhat from Malaj'' Peninsula specimens. The malefrom Sriracha is somewhat darker above, with darker upper tailcoverts, but it seems to be nearer the northern form than to that ofthe Malay Peninsula.Herbert ^^ reports it breeding in the fruit gardens near Bangkokfrom the early part of the rains to December and describes the nestand eggs. MUNIA STRIATA SUBSQUAMICOLLIS (Baker)Uroloncha striata subsquaniicollis Baker, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 45, p. 59,1925 (Bankasoon, Tenasserim).Uroloncha aculicauda lepidota Oberholser, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., vol.16, p. 520, 1926 (Tyching, Trang).One male, Bukit, Patani, January 26, 1931; one unsexed. BanKiriwong, Nakon Sritamarat, July 12, 1928.Dr. W. L. Abbott collected three males, three females, and oneunsexed in Trang (Tyching, May 23-June 25, 1896; near base of KaoNorn Plu, March 9, 1897; Trang, March 8, 1897). He gives the softparts as: Iris dark red; upper mandible black, lower mandible leadenor leaden blue; feet leaden or dull brown.This series is slightly darker above, more streaked on the breast,and the upper tail coverts are darker than specimens from northernSiam, M. s. acuticauda. These differences are average; specimenscan be picked out of both series that almost match. The form isnot a strongly marked one. Apparently there is little or no differencein size. Ten specimens from Peninsular Siam measure: Wing,47.5-52 (49.7); tail, 36-42 (40); culmen, 10.5-12 (11).Dr. Abbott took a nest and three eggs May 31 and a nest and fiveeggs June 25, 1896; both at Tyching, Trang,This form ranges from southwestern Siam (Koh Lak) and southernTenasserim south through Peninsular Siam to the Malay States.The United States National Museum has a male specimen of thisform from Koh Lak collected by C. Boden Kloss. Kobinson andKloss ^? record it from Tapli, Pakchan, and Tasan, Chumporn; ?? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 6, p. 121, 1923." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 363, 1924. 530 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMRobinson from Koh Samui and Koh Pennan off Bandon and from theopposite mainland." MUNIA STRIATA SWINHOEI (Cabanis)Uroloncha swinhoei Cabanis, Joiirn. fiir Orn., 1882, p. 462 (China).Uroloncha squamicollis Sharpe, Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum,vol. 13, p. 359, 1890 (China, Formosa, and Hainan; type from Chingchow,Szechwan ^^).One female, Muek Lek, April 19, 1933.This specimen agrees fairly well with specimens from Szechwan,China, and evidently belongs to this form, which is very variableaccording to season. M. s. swinhoei differs principally from acuticaudain having the chest feathers a much lighter brown, with broader andlighter edges. Gyldenstolpe ^^ refers a male from Khun Tan, April29, and a female from Bang Hue Pong, May 27, to this form. Thesespecimens require reexamination, as his description does not agreewith the average type of swinhoei, which averages lighter not darkerthan acuticauda, but, as remarked above, the former is very variable.As a matter of fact, this Muek Lek female is a little darker above andabout the head than the average swinhoei, but the specimen is nearerit than it is to the two other Siamese races. Whether it is a migrant,resident, or only a stray to Siam is not known.This form is resident in southern China, south of the Yangtze, andnot known to migrate.MUNIA PUNCTULATA TOPELA SwinhoeMunia topda Swinhoe, Ibis, 1863, p. 380 (AmojO-Three adult males, two immature males, six adult females, andone immature female, Bangkok, Ma}'' 3 and September 25, 1924,October 29, 1925, May 28, Juno 2, 22, September 7, and October 25,1926, and May 3, 1934; one adult male and one immature female,Chiengmai, November 24, 25, 1928.No Chinese specimens are available for comparison, but I have twomales from southern Annam. Specimens from this region are as-signed to M. p. topela by Delacour and Jabouille *? and as the Bangkokseries agrees fairly well with them, this name is used.The form ranges practically all over Siam j^roper and as far to thesouthwest as Koh Lak, beyond which I have seen no records. In thesoutheast it has been recorded from Sriracha.** Deignan *^ says that ?' Journ. Federated Msilay States Mus., vol. 5, p. 151, 1915.w Oberholser, Journ. W.ishington Acad. Sci., vol. 16. p. 521, 1926.?? Kuns-l. Svenska Vot.-Akad. Ilandl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 28, 1916." Oiseaux I'lndochine Franfaise, vol. 4, p. 230, 1931. *i Williamson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 194, 1917; de Schauensoe, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.Philadelphia, vol. 80, p. 235, 1934. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 152, 1931. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 531 it is a common resident at Chiengmai, breeding during the rains.Herbert *^ found it breeding at Bansakai throughout the rainy seasonand describes the nest and eggs.The form ranges from soutiiern China to Indo-China, Siam proper,and southern Burma.The species is very plastic and breaks up into a number of relatedforms. MUNIA PUNCTULATA FKETENSIS KIossMunia punciulata freiensis Kloss, Treubia, vol. 13, livr. 3-4, p. 3G3, 1931 (Kuala,Lumpur, Selangor).One male, one female, and one unsexed, Tanjong Kalong, Singapore,October 3, 1899, and March 6, 1900, collected by C. Boden lOossand received through Dr. W. L. Abbott. Mr. Kloss gives the softparts as: Iris brown or red; upper mandible black, lower dark lavenderor blue-gray; feet lavender-gray or dark lavender.This small series differs from M. p. nisoria of Java in having thethroat, face, and crown darker and the barring below narrower.Just what is the range of this race is uncertain. The originaldescriber says that it ranges northward toward the Istlmius of Kraand is found in Sumatra.I have seen no records from Peninsular Siam, but it is to be expectedto occur in the southern part at least.MUNIA LEUCOGASTRA LEUCOGASTRA (Blyth)Amandina leucogastra Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 15, p. 286, 1846(Malacca).One male, Haad Yai, July 12, 1929; one male and one female, ThaLo, Bandon, September 17, 1931.This form ranges from Tavoy, Tenasserim, south through Penin-sular Siam to Singapore.Robinson and Kloss ** record it from Mamoh, Pakchan, and Tasan.From the remainder of Peninsular Siam the records are few or absent,because of the habits of the race; it is said to be more or less of a forestbird and probably escapes observations on this account.A closely related form, M. I. leucogastrioides Horsfield and Moore.is found in Java.AMANDAVA AMANDAVA DECOUXI Delacour and JabouilleAmandava amandava decouxi Delacour and Jabouille, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club,vol. 48, p. 134, 1928 (Siemreap, Cambodia).Ten males and 13 females. Bung Borapet, June 21-24, 1932; March24-25, 1932. "Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc-. Siam, vol. 6, p. 122, 1923." Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 363, 1924. 532 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe only male specimen in tliis large series that is beginning tohave an approach to the adult breeding plumage is one collected onJune 24. The head, throat, and chest have some of the red adultfeathers coming in, especially on the head. This specimen comparedwith one from India is more carmine red, and the spots on the wings,rump, and tail are smaller and reduced in number. For this reasonI am provisionally referring them to the Cambodian form.De Schauensee ^^ also took specimens at the same locality in Juneand comments on the fewness of the spots on the wings.The exact range of the form is a little uncertain. So far it is knownfrom Cambodia, Cochinchina, Tonkin, and central Siam.Deignan "^^ collected a specimen at Chiengmai on June 1, 1935,which he assigns to A. a. amandava; it has not been compared withIndian specimens, however.PASSER FLAVEOLUS BIythPasser flaveolus, Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 13, p. 946, 1844(Arrakan).Two males. Ban Pong, September 17, 18, 1929; three males and threefemales, Bangkok, October 3, 8, 1924, April 5, 6, and May 26, 31,1926; two males. Bung Borapet, March 21, 1933; two males and onefemale, Lomkao, February 20, 21, 1934; one male, Korat, March 28,1929; one male, Pak Chong, May 9, 1925; one male and one female,Knong Phra, Pak Chong, April 10, 12, 1929; one male, Pak Chong,May 9, 1925, one male, Tha Chang, March 16, 1927; one male, MuekLek, April 16, 19, 1933; one male, Nongkae, May 6, 1929.Two of the above females from Bangkok are young not long fromthe nest and were collected May 26 and 31.There are two types of coloration in the males, one in which thechest and flanks are deep olive-buff; only the center of the breastand belly light yellow. The other has all the lowerparts ratherbright yellow, a little obscured on the chest and flanks. The twostyles do not seem to be confined to season or locality. I rather thinkthe first style is the first adult plumage of the immature male.The species ranges from Arrakan and Pegu to Burma, Siam, Cam-bodia, Laos, Cochinchina, and Annam.In Siam it has been taken practically all over the country exceptin the Peninsula, where it has been taken only in the northern part.WilHamson " records it as a resident at Bangkok and lists it also fromMuek Lek and Sriracha; and later from Ilua Ilin, Pran, and Nongkaein southwestern Siam.*^ Gyldenstolpe ^^ took a female at Khun " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 235, 1934." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10. p. 127, 1936.?' Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 2, p. 196, 1917.? Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 44, 1918.?? Kungl. Svenska Vet-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 29, 1916. BIRDS FROM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 533Tan; Deignan ^^ says it is common in the ricefields at Chiengmai,where de Schaiiensee also has taken it on all three of his trips. Onhis last trip he took it also at Kengkoi and Sriracha.^' Robinson andKloss ^^ record it from Koh Lak in southwestern and Mamoh inPeninsular Siam. This is as far in this direction as it has beenrecorded to date. PASSER MONTANUS MALACCENSIS DuboisPasser viontanus malaccensis Dubois, Faune illustr^e des vert^br^s de la Belgique,p. 574, 1887 (Malacca).One adult male and one adidt female, Yala, Patani, February 2,1931; four adult males, two immature males, one adult female, andthree immature females, Bangkok, April 1, 1926, March 8, 1927, andApril 13-May 14, 1934; Nongkae, May 6, 1929. One set of four eggs,Bangkok, February 3, 1929.The above adults agree fairly well wdth a pair from Java; except inthe Siamese specimens the breast is faintly streaked mth brown,making it appear somewhat darker.This race occurs apparently all over Siam and down PeninsularSiam to the Malay States, but it is rare outside of the larger cities.Deignan ^^ reports it common in Chiengmai and the callages butrare in the open country. Barton ^* lists it from Raheng.The range outside of Siam seems a little uncertain. It is said tooccur at the base of the Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam, southernChina, Indo-China, Burma, Siam, and down the Malay Peninsula tothe Malay States, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the Philippines.Family FRINGILLIDAE: Sparrows, Finches, etc.MYCEROBAS MELANOXANTHUS (Hodgson)Coccothraustes melanoxanthus Hodgson, Asiat. Res., vol. 9, p. 150, 1836 (Nepal).One male and one female, Doi Hua Mot, August 12, 1934,Dr. Smith gives the soft parts in the male as: Iris dark brown;bill above dark blue wdth the tip dark brown, below sky blue; legs blue.The above pair have been compared with a series from Yunnan andwestern Szechwan. The male is not so deep a black as the Szechwanspecimens, but it is somewhat worn, and a Szechwan male taken atabout the same time approaches it; below it is paler yellow on thebreast and belly. The female is also slightly paler below than Chinesespecimens. Both specimens have shorter wings than the Yunnan-Szechwan series. ?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 152, 1931. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 236, 1934. ?2 Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 5, p. 360, 1924." Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 162, 1931.w Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 106, 1914. 534 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMThe male measures: Wing, 120; tail, 68; ciilmen, 23.5 mm. Thefemale: Wing, 118; tail, 63 ; culmen, 22 mm. Six males from Szechwanand Yunnan: Wing,126-131 (128.3) ;tail, 68.5-72 (70) ;culmen, 22-25.5(23.5) mm. Five females from the same region: Wing, 121-128.5(125.6) tail, 68-71 (68); culmen, 21.5-24 (23) mm.The only specimen I have examined from India is a male withoutdefinite locality. It is a very old skin; brownish black above and onthe throat and rather pale yellow on the breast and belly. It isunsuitable for comparison. The wing measures 128 mm.De Schauensee ^^ took a male out of a party of four on Doi Sutep,5,500 feet, March 1. He also found his specimen to be smaller and todiffer somewhat from Szechwan examples and believes it probablyrepresents a different form, in which he is most hkely right. Thewdng of his male measured only 118 mm. The wings of two fempalescollected in Laos by the Kelly-Roosevelt Expedition are also small,118 and 120 mm.^^Deignan ^^ later found it on Doi Sutep near the summit on May 12and Jime 23, 1935, and took a male February 2, 1936. This wouldseem to make it a resident and not merely a whiter visitor.The species ranges in the Himalayas from Afghanistan to easternAssam and northern Burma and north to the mountains of westernYunnan and Szechwan; south to northern Siam and northern Laos.CARPODACUS MURATI DelacoorCarpodacics erythrinus murati Delacour, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club. vol. 47, p. 20,1926 (Nong-het, Laos).One immature male, Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, December 3, 1928; oneadult male, Kao Pae Pan Nam, Pasak Valley, February 18, 1934.The adult male has been compared with an adult male from Yunnantaken in September. It is deeper in color both above and below butis assuming the spring breeding dress, while the Yunnan male is inunworn fall plumage. This species is entirely of a different red fromC. e. roseatus, more pinkish, the pileum near acajou red, not spectrumred. The male measures: Wing, 84; tail, 55; culmen, 11.5 mm. Ofthe immature male I am not so certain. It is lighter above than im-mature males of C. e. roseatus of about the same age, and probablybelongs here.The species probably breeds in Tibet and migrates through Yunnanto the mountains of Tonkin, Laos, and northern Siam to winter.It has not been recorded from Siam before, unless some of the rec-ords of C. e. roseatus really belong here. " Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, pp. 4, 236, 1934.M Field Mus. Nat. Hist., zool. ser., vol. 18, no. 3, p. 118, 1931. ?' Jonrn. Slam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl.. vol. 10, p. 127, 1938. BIRDS FEOM SIAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA 535MELOPHUS LATHAMI (Gray)Emberiza lathanii Gray, Zoological miscellanj', p. 2, Feb. 19, 1831 (China andIndia; type in British Museum from Canton).One male, Doi Angka, 4,000 feet, December 3, 1928.This species breeds in the lower Himalayas from Kashmir to Assamand in southern China from Yunnan to Cheldang and thence intoIndo-Chma (Tonkin, Annam, Laos), northern Siam, and the mountainsof eastern Burma to Tenasserim. It is said to be resident in southernChina, but it is possible it may move a little farther south in winter,De Schauensee ^^ took a male at Chiengrai, January 5, and anothermale at Chiengsen, January 8, and on his third trip he shot a male atChiengmai, 4,600 feet, February 7.^^Deignan ^^ states that it occurs in small numbers on Doi Sutep at5,500 feet but fails to say at what season of the year. It may breedon the higher mountains of northern Siam. Later Deignan ^' says itwas present on Doi Sutep from December 30 to April 1, and goes onto say that he found it common on Doi Angka in April and May andcommon on the plains about Chiengrai and Chiengsen in April.EMBERIZA RUTILA PallasEmberiza rutila Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russisehenReichs, vol. 3, pp. 210, 698, 1776 (River Onon, Mongolian border).One male, Kao Pae Pan Nam, Lomsak, February 9, 1934.The species breeds in eastern Siberia and northern China andmigrates to southern China, Indo-Cliina, Siam, Assam, and Burmato winter.Gyldenstolpe ^^ records it between Denchai and Pak Pan, February2; Gairdner^^ from the Petchaburi District; Williamson?* from SaiYoek; Chasen and Kloss ?^ record a single female from Doi Sutep,5,500 feet. De Schauensee ?^ took two specimens on the same moun-tain at 4,000-5,000 feet, February 28 and March 2. Probably it isan uncommon winter resident in Siam.EMBERIZA PUSILLA PallasEmberiza pusilla Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russisehenReichs, vol. 3, p. 697, 1776 (Daurian Alps).One female. Ban Ton, February 27, 1929.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 81, p. 560, 1930.? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 237, 1934.?? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Uist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 153, 1931. ?1 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 127, 1936.M Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 50, no. 8, p. 41, 1913.M Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam, vol. 1, p. 149, 1915.M Journ. Nat. Uist. Soc. Siam, vol. 3, p. 22, 1918.M Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 8, p. 248, 1932. ?? Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 236, 1934. 536 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMDe Schauensee " took a male at Chiengdao, 5,000 feet, January 12,and another at Chiengmai, 5,000 feet, February 4; Deignan ^* reportsseeing one high up on Doi Angka in April 1931, but did not secure it.This species breeds in northeastern Europe and northern Asia andmigrates south through China to southern China, Indo-China, Siam,Burma, and Bengal to winter.EMBERIZA AUREOLA PallasEmberiza aureola Pallas, Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischenReichs, vol. 2, pp. 464, 711, 1773 (Irtisch River, Siberia).One male, Prae, April 10, 1930; one male, Bangkok, October 30,1924; one female, Noan Wat, Korat Plateau, February 14, 1929;six males and one female, Knong Phra, Pak Chong, April 12, 13, 1929.Two of the males from Knong Phra have acquired a plumageapproximating the breeding dress, which is assumed in the spring bya complete molt and wear.This species breeds in Siberia from eastern Russia eastward andmigrates through China in great numbers to winter in Indo-China,Siam, Burma, and northern India.Apparently it is a common winter migrant to Siam and has beentaken in Peninsular Siam as far south as Nawngchik, Patani, inNovember.^?Muller^? records a female from Junkseylon (Puket), May 11, avery late date.Cliasen and Kloss ^' record two males from Raheng, They giveno date, but one of the specimens is in the United States NationalMuseum and was taken April 25. lOoss ^^ records a male from KohKram, October 1916; Gyldenstolpe " took a female at Chum Poo,May 2 ; de Schauensee ^* took a pair at Petrieu, May 6 and 8 ; Deignan^*reports it a common winter visitor at Chiengmai and thinks it doubtlessoccurs regularly. ?' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 86, p. 236, 1934. ?s Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. IJist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 66, 1935." Ogilvie-Qrant, Fasciculi Malayenses, pt. 3, p. 70, 1905." Die Ornis der Insel Salanga, p. 34, 1882. '1 Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 7, p. 183, 1928." Ibis, 1918, p. 223.? Kungl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 56, no. 2, p. 30, 1916.M Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, voU 86, p. 236, 1934.? Journ. Siam Soc. Nat. Hist. Suppl., vol. 10, p. 127, 1936. INDEX aagaardi, Bubo ketiipu, 146.Ketiipa ketupu, 146.abbolti, Butorides javauicus, 15, 25.Dendrophassa vernans, 15, 104.Hypurolepis javauica, 265.Kittacincla malabarica, 408, 409,41(>.Malacociucla, 342.Phodilus badius, 15, 143.Pitta cucullata, 260.Psittinus, 122,abnormis abiiormis, Sasia, 245.everetti, Sasia, 244.abnormis, Sasia abnormis, 245.Abrornis albogularis, 439.snperciliaris, 438.scliwaneri, 439.supercilaris, 438.snperciliaris salwinensls, 438.Abroseopns albogularis albogularis, 439.albogularis fulvifacies, 439.snperciliaris flaviventris, 439.snperciliaris schwaneri, 439.snperciliaris snperciliaris, 438, 439.Acanthi za trochiloides, 435.Acanthopnenste davisoni, 4.36.nitidns saturatus, 434.trochiloides claudiae, 435.Acanthylis lencopygialis, 161.Accipiter affini.s, 47.badius poliopsis, 46.gnlaris, 47, 48.gularis gnlaris 48.gnlaris nisoldes, 48.nisoides, IS.virgatns, 47.Accipitridae, 42.Aceros nipalensis, 195.Acridotheres grandis, 494.lencocephalns, 492 .torqnatus, 493.tristis tristis, 493.Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis,421, 430.Actitis hypolencoa, 91.actophilns. Butorides javanicns, 26.acuta acuta, Dafila, 41.acuta, Anas, 41.Daflla acuta, 41.acnticauda lepidota, Uroloucha, 16, 529.acuticauda, Mnnia, 528.Munia striata, 528, 529.aedon, Mnscicapa, 430.Phragmaticola, 430. Aegialitis dealbatus, 87.jerdoni, 86.Aegithina tiphia micromelaena, 367.tiphia singapurensis, 367.tiphia tiphia, 366.viridissima viridissima, 368.aenea aenea, Chaptia, 284.malayensis, Chaptia, 285.aenea, Anthreptes rhodolaema, 506.Chaptia aenea, 284.aeneus aeneus, aiuscadivores, 109, 110,111.sylvaticus, Mnscadivores, 110.aeneus, Colnmba, 109.Dicrnrns, 284.Mnscadivores aeneus, 109, 110, 111,aenobarbus aenobarbus, Pteruthius,363.indochinensis, Pteruthius, 363.intermedins, Pteruthius, 363.laotianns, Pteruthius, 363.aenobarbus, Pteruthius aenobarbus,363.aeralatns aeralatns, Pteruthius, 362.annamensis, Pteruthius, 362.canieranoi, Pteruthius, 363.rieketti, Pteruthius, 362.aeralatns, Pteruthius, 362, .363.aernginosus aeruginosus. Circus, 55.aeruginosus. Circus aernginosus, 55.Falco, 55.Aothiopsar fuscus fuscus, 494.fnscus torqnatus, 493.grandis grandis, 494.grandis infnscatus, 495.javanicns, 495.Aethopyga anomala, 15, 499.cara, 496.dabryii dabryii, 498.niystacalis, 498.nipalensis angkanensis, 4, 498, 500,nipalensis anstralis, 501.nipalensis nipalensis, 500.sangninipecta, 499.sanguinipecta .sangninipecta, 499.sangninipecta wrayi, 499.saturata, 499.sipa raja cara, 496, 498.siparaja heliotis, 16.siparaja seheriae, 497.siparaja siparaja, 496.temminckii, 497.wrayi, .500. 537 538 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMAethorhynchus lafresnayei innotatus,365.lafresnayei lafresnayei, 364,366.lafresnayei xanthotis, 366.Aethostoma rostratnm rostratuin, 341.a (line, Tricliastoma, 839.affinis, Aecipiter 47.Araclmotliera affinis, 509.Batrachostomus, 153.Coracias, 186.Malacornis affinis, 339.Mouticola solitaria, 416,417.Oreocincla borsfleldi, 15,414.Pericrocotns brevirostris, 269.Phoenicornis, 269.Tchitrea, 465.Tersipbone, 466.Tersiphone affinis, 465, 466.affinis affinis, Arachnothera, 509.affinis, Malacornis, 339.affinis, Terpsipbone, 465, 466.beliopbilus, Aracbnotbera, 508.indochinensis, Tebitrea, 465.inclocbinensis, Terpsipbone, 465,467.modesta, Aracbnotbera, 508, 509.subfurcatus, Micropus, 159.tberesiae, Coracias, 187.Ajrropsar sturnina, 490.Alanda arvensis herberti, 263.gulgula gulgula, 263.gnlgula herberti, 263.Alandidae, 262.alba baicalensis. Motacilla, 470.javanica, Tyto, 142.ocularis, Motacilla, 470, 471.albicilla, Muscicapa, 446.Siphia parva, 446.albicoUis albicollis, Rbipidiira, 4, 463.atrata, Rbipidura, 464.celsa, Rbipidura, 4, 463, 464.cinerescens, Rbipidura, 464.albicollis, Platyrbyncbus, 463.Rbipidura albicollis, 4, 463.albifrons pusilla, Sterna, 101.saundersi, Sterna, 15, 100.sinensis, Sterna, 101.albipcnnis, Poliocopbalus ruficollis, 20.Tacbybaptes, 20.albiventris. Hypotaenidia striata, 76.Rallus, 76.albogularis, Abrornis, 439.Abroscopus albogularis, 439.Opbrydornis albogularis, 341.Setaria, 341.albogularis albogularis, Abroscopus,4.S9.albogularis, Opbrydornis, 341.fulvifacies, Abroscopus, 439.nioultoni, Opbrydornis, 341.alboides, Motacilla, 471.Motacilla lugubris, 471.alboniger, Nisaetus, 50.Alcedinidae, 169. .Vlcedo attbis bengalensis, 170.attbis pallasii, 170.bengalensis, 170.coromanda, 177.(Halcyon) coromanda minor, 178.eritbaca, 172.ouryzonia nigricans, 172.fusca, 176.guttata, 169.meninting, 170.meninting meninting, 170.meninting seintillans, 171, 172.nigricans, 172.pilcata, 177.tridactyla, 172.Alcemerops amictus, 185.atbertoni, 184.alcinus, Macbaerbampbus, 43. .\loippe cinerea, 353.cinerea cinerea, 353.davidi, 351.fratercula. 351.baringtoniae, 352.bueti, 351.magnirostris, 338.magnirostris magnirostris, 338.nipalensis annamensis, 352.nipalensis eremita, 4, 352.nipalensis fratercula, 351, 352.nipalen^^is peracensis, 351, 352.peracensis, 351.l)baeocepbala davisoni, 353.poioicepbala baringtoniae, 352.poioicepbala magnirostris, 352, 353.yunnanensis, 351.Alcurus sti-iatus, 383.alexandri alexandri, Psittacula, 121.fa.sciata, Psittacula, 120.alexandri, Psittacula alexandri, 121.alexandrinus dealbatus, Cbaradrius, 87.AUotrius intermedius, 363.Alopboixus pbaeocephalus, 378.Alseonax latirostris siamensis, 446.Alsocomus, 114.altaica, Oreopneuste fuscata, 432.altarum, Parus major, 311.amabilis, Lacedo pulcbella, 180.amandava, Amandava aniandava, 532.Amandava aniandava amandava, 532.amandava decouxi, 531.aniandava aniandava, Aniandava, 532.decouxi, Amandava, 531.Amandina leucogastra, 531.amauroptera, Halcyon, 173.Porzana, 78.Ranipbalcyon, 173.Amauroniis pboenicura chinensis, 79.ambiguus, Parus major, 311.Turdus, 311.amecbana, Collocalia vestita, 163.americanus, Merops viridis, 183.amicta, Merops, 185.amictus, Alcemerops, 185.ampala, Chotorea mystacophanes, 203.Ampeliceps coronatus, 491. INDEX 539 nmurensis, Biitorides javanicus, 26.anaetheta anaetheta, Sterna, 100.anaetheta, Sterua anaetheta, 100.anaethetus, Sterna, 100.anak, Cyornis, 450.aiialis analis, Dryobates, 224.longipennis, Dendrocopos, 224.longipenuis, Dryobates, 224.niontis, Dryobates, 224.analis, Dryobates analis, 224.Pycnonotus goiavier, 390.anamesus, Caprimulgus macrurus, 15,l.">4.Anas acuta, 41.(Fnlignla) baeri, 42.clypeata, 41.coromandellana, 41.crecca, 40.forrnginea, 39.javanica, 39.querquednla, 40.Anastomus oscitans, 85.Anatidae, 39.andamanensis, Corviis, 302.Corvus macrorhyncbos, 302, 303.andanianicns, Cyrtostomus flammaxil-laris, 503.andersoni, Euplocamus, 69.andrewsi, IMegalurus palustris, 429.augkanensis, Aethopyga nipalensis, 4,498, 500.angnstlrostris, Oreocincla aureus, 414.Tardus aureus, 414.Anhinga melanogaster, 23.Anliingidae, 23.annamensis. Alcippe nipalensis, 352.Blythipicus pyrrhotis, 226.Chrysophlegma flavinucha, 222.Cirropicus cblorolophus, 217.Corythocichla, 333.Criniger tephrogenys. 374.Crocopus pboenicopterus, 102.Gennaeus, 68.Gracupica leuoocephala, 492.Gypsophila crispifrons, 333.Harpactes erytbrocephalus, 164.Pteruthius aeralatus, 3G2.Seicercus castauiceps, 438.annectens, Buohanga, 278.Dicrurus, 278.Tephrodornis gularis, 482.Tephrodornis pelvica, 482.annectens saturata, Leioptila, 357.anochra, Ilemiprocne longipenuis, 157.anomala, Aethopyga, 15, 499.Anorrhinus galeritus carinatus, 195.galeritus galeritus, 190.Anous stdlidus pileatus, 102.Anser melanotus, 39.antelia, Arachnothera longirostris, 16,510, 511.Anteliotringa tenuirostris, 94.AnthiiK's nioniliger leucops, 455.solitaria nialayana, 455.subinoniliger, 455. Anthocichla phayrii, 255.phayrii obscura, 255.phayrii phayrii, 255.Anthreptes macularia, 503.macularia lisettae, 504.macularia macularia, 503.malacensis malacensis, 504, 506.modesta, 508.nuchalis, 503.rhodolaema, 506.rhodolaema aenea, 506.rhodolaema rhodolaema, 506. .simplex frontalis, 504.simplex simplex, 504.simplex simplicior, 504.Anthus cervinus, 475.hodgsoni, 475.malayensis. 476.richardi, 476.richardi lugubris, 477.richardi malayensis, 476.richardi richardi, 476.rufogularis, 475.Antigone antigone sharpii, 76.antigone sharpii, Antigone, 76.antioxantha, Culicicapa ceyIonensis?16, 469.Anuropsis malaccensis driophila, 16,355.malaccensis malaccensis, 355.apivorus ptilorhynchus, Pernis, 45.Arachnocestra crassirostris, 509.Arachnothera affinis aflBnis, 509.afBnis heliophilus, 508.affluis modesta, 508, 509.chrysogenys astilpna, 16, 507.chrysogenys copha, 507.chrysogenys intensiflava, 507.crassirostris, 509.longirostris antelia, 16, 510, 511.longirostris heliocrita, 16, 510.longirostris melanchima, 511.magna aurata, 508.magna magna, 507.pusilla, 511.robusta, 509.robusta robusta, 509.Arboricola brunneopectus, 63.tickelli, 62.Arborophila brunneopectus brunneopec-tus, G3.cambodiana, 63.cambodiana cambodiana, 64.cambodiana diversa, 63.diversa, 4, 63, 64.rufogularis tickelli, 62.archipelagica, Mixornis gularis, 16, 349,350.Ardca cineroa rrctirostris, 23.cinnanwmea, ,33.episcopus, 36.flavicoUis, 34.garzetta, 30.grayii, 27.intermedia, 31. 540 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMArdea melanolopha, 32.nycticorax, 31.oscitans, 35.purpurea manilensis, 24.rectirostris, 23.sacra, 30.sinensis, 32.sumatrana, 24.sumatrana sumatrana, 24.Ardeidae, 23.Ardeola, 28.bacchus, 27, 28, 29.grayii, 27, 28, 29.speciosa, 28, 29.speciosa continentalis, 28.speciosa speciosa, 29.nrdesiaca, Lophocitta, 485.ardesiacus, Platyloplius galericulatus,485.Ardetta enrythma, 33.argentauris galbana, Mesia, 363.tahanensis, Mesia, 364.argus argus, Argusianus. 74.grayi, Argusianus, 74.argus. Argusianus argus, 74.Phasianus, 74.Argusianus argus argus, 74.argus grayi, 74.arismiora, Dendrophassa olax, 105.Arizelomyia latirostris latirostris, 446.armandi, Oreopneuste, 431.armstrongi. Halcyon chloris, 178.Sauropatis cliloris, 178.arquata orientalis, Numenius, 89.Artamidae, 478.Artamides sumatrensis messeris, 278.Artamus fuscus, 478.artatus, Parus major, 311.Arudinax canturians, 439.arundinaceus orientalis, Acrocephalus,421, 430.arveiisis herberti, Alauda, 263.asiatica asiatica, Cyauops, 204.davisoni, Cyanops, 204.asiatica. Cyanops, 206.Cyanops asiatica, 204.asiaticus, Capi'imulgus, 15.5.asiaticus siamensis, Caprimulgus, 156.assamica assamica, Mirafra, 262.marionae, Mirafra, 262.assamica, Mirafra assamica, 262.assimilis, Dondrocitta. 307.Dendrocitta himalayensis, 307.Macropygia, 117.Macropygia ruficeps, 117.Stacliyridopsis cbrysaca, 347.Stachyris. 347.astilpna, Arachnothera chrysogenys, 16,507.Astur indicus. 48.kienerii, 52.Athene l)rnm:i pulclira, 150.pulchra, 150.athertoni. Alcemerops, 184.Nyctiornis, 184.atrata, Rhipidura albicollis, 464. atratus, Dryobates, 223.Picus, 223.atricapilla atricapilla, Munia, 527, 528.rubronigra, Munia, 527.sinensis, Munia, 527, 528.atricapilla, Loxia, 527.Munia atricapilla, 527, 528.atricapillus klossi, Molpastes, 384.atriceps atriceps, Brachypodius, 396,397.major, Brachypodius, 397.atriceps, Brachypodius atriceps, 396,397.Turdus, 396.atrifrons, Charadrius, 87, 88.Charadrius mougolus, 87, 88.atrocaudata atrocaudata, Terpsiphone,467.atrocaudata, Terpsiphone atrocaudata,467.atrogularis atrogularis, Orthotomus,424, 425.eumolas, Orthotomus, 425.humphreysi, Orthotomus, 425.nitidus, Orthotomus, 424.atrogularis, Hemipodius, 76.Orthotomus, 424.Orthotomus atrogularis, 424, 425.Turnix suscitator, 76.atronuchalis, Lobivanellus, 84.Lobivanellus indicus, 84.atthis bengalensis, Alcedo, 170.pallasii, Alcedo, 170.aurantiaca. Pitta cyanea, 257.aurantiifrons, Cyanops mystacophanes,202.aurata, Arachnothera magna, 508.aurea aurea, Oreocincla, 413.aurea, Oreocincla, 413, 414.Oreocincla aurea, 413.aureiventer aureiventer, Zosterops, 523.aureiventer, Zosterops, 523.Zosterops aureiventer, 523.aureola, Emberiza, 536.aureus angustirostris, Oreocincla, 414.angustirostris, Turdus, 414.aurifrons aurifrons, Chloropsis, 368,369.inornatus, Chloropsis, 369.aurifrons, Chloropsis aurifroixs, 308, 369.Phyllornis, 3(')8.auriga.^ter germaini, Molpastes, 391.germaini, P.vcnonotus, 391.thais, Molpastes, 391.thais, Pycnonotus, 391.auritus, Tripsurus, 225.Yn7igipicus nanus, 225.australis, Aethoi.yga nipalensis, 501.Drvniocnt.-iphns tickelli 332.Bucco, 209.avensis. Campephaga, 273.Turdus, 412.Volvocivora, 27.5.aznrea forrestia, Hypothymis 16, 462.montana, Hypothymis, 4, 461.prophiitM. Hypothymis, 4G0. 462.styani, Hypothymi.s, 461, 4G2. INDEX 541bacchus, Ardeola, 27, 28, 29.Buplius, 27.bacha, Spilornis, 56.badia badia, Ducula, 109.griseicapilla, Ducula, 109.obscurata, Ducula, 109.badia, Cecropis, 26G.Ducula badia, 109.Hirundo hyperytbra, 266.badiosus, Micropternus bracbyurus,232.badius abbotti, Phodilus, 15, 143.badius, Pbodilus, 143.poliopsis, Accipiter, 46.badius, Micropteiuus bracbyurus, 232.Phodilus badius, 143.baeri, Anas (Fuligula), 42.Nyroca, 42.baicalensis, Motacilla, 470.Motacilla alba, 470.bailyi, Polvplcctron bicalcaratum, 73.bakeri, Garrulax moniliger, 319, 320.Napotbera epilepidota, 336.Pericrocotus flamraeus, 268.Trochalopterum phoenicea, 323.Turdinulus, 336.Turdiuus macrodactylus, 337.bakkamoena coudorensis, Otus, 149.lempiji, Otus. 148.lettia, Otus, 147, 149.bangkana. Pitta cucuUata, 260.bankiva, Gallus gallus, 72.banyumas calocepbala, Cyornis, 452,453.baramensis, Dendrophassa fulvicollis,103.bartelsi, Criniger, 376.bartelsi, Strix indranee, 144.barussarum, Surniculus lugubris, 132.bassus, Spilornis cheela, 56, 57.batassiensis infumatus, Cypsiurus, 159.batassiensis pallidior, Cypselus, 160.Batrachostomus affinis, 153.stellatus, 153, 154.Baza, 44.leuphotes Icupbotes, 44.lophotes burmana, 44.beaulieui, Mirafra javanica, 262.beavani, Prinia, 428.beccariana, Cyornis rufigastra, 453.beccarii beccarii, Dicaeum, 516.cambodiauum, Dicaeum, 4, 515.bwcarii, Dicaeum, 515.Dicaeum beccarii, 516.I)engalensis, Alcedo, 170.Alcedo attbis, 170.Centropus bengalensis, 140, 141.Cnculus, 140.Pseudogyps, 54.P.sittacula cyanocephala, 119.Psittacus, 119.Timalia pileata, 327.Vultur, 54.33527? ."^8- bengalensis bengalensis, Centropus, 140.141.javanensis, Centropus, 141.bengbalensis bengbaleusis, Rostratula.84.bengbalensis, Coracias, 187.Rallus, 84.Rostratula bengbalensis, 84.Berenicornis comatus, 196.bergii edwardsi, Thalasseus, 101.berlangeri, Garrulax leucolophus, 318.Bhringa peracensis lefoli, 288, 289.peracensis peracensis, 288, 289.remifer latispatula, 287.remifer lefoli, 2S9.remifer peracensis, 288.remifer tectirostris, 287, 288.bicalcaratum bailyi, Polyplectron, 73.bicalcaratum, I'olyplectron, 72.bicalcaratum, Pavo, 72.Polyplectron, 73.Polyplectron bicalcaratum, 72bicolor bicolor, Erythrocichla, 340.'bicolor, Myristicivora, 112.whiteheadi, Erythrocichla, 341.lucolor, Bracbypteryx, 340.Columba, 112.Erythrocichla bicolor, 340.Myristicivora bicolor, 112.bicornis bicornis, Dichoceros, 190.cristatus, Dichoceros, 191.bicornis, Buceros, 190.Dichoceros bicornis, 190.Itillitonis, Eurylaimus javanicus, 247Itimaculatus, Caprimulgus, 154.Caprimulgus macrurus, 154.birmanus, Merops orientalis, 180.Merops viridis, 180.bisincta praetermissa, Dendrophassa,praetermissa, Treron, 103.Idanfordi blanfordi, Pycnouotus, 394.robinsoni, Pycnonotus, 393.Iilanfordi, Prinia, 443.Prinia inornata, 441.Pycnonotus blanfordi, 394.blanfordii, Turnix, 74.Turnix tanki, 74.biythi horberti, Prinia, 442, 44,3.Iilythi, Prinia, 443.P.lythipicus pyrrbotis annamensis, 226.pyrrliotis canieroni, 22<).pyrrbotis hainanns, 226.l)yn-liofis pyrrbotis, 226.pyrrbotis sinensis, 226.rubiginosus parvus, 227.rubigiiiosus riibiginosus, 227.Iiolovenensis, Pitta oatesi, 256.borcalis boi-ealis, Pliylloscopus, 433.boroalis, Horornis canturians, 440.Pbyllopneuste, 433.Pbylloscopus borealis, 433.fiorneana. Halcyon concreta, 179. -35 542 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMborneensis, Chotorea rafflesii, 204.Dinopium javanense, 233.Eupetes macrocercus, 327.Melanoperdix nigra, 61.Mezobucco duvaucelii, 208.Psarisomus dalbousiae, 252.Rhopodytes diardi, 137.Urococcyx erythrognathus, 139.borueoensis, Buceros rhiuoceros, 190.borneoneusis, Cliloropicoides rafflesi,222.Brachylophus chloi'ophoides, 216.puniceus contiiientis, 217.Brachypodius atriceps atriceps, 396,397.atriceps major, 397.criniger, 378.Brachypteryx bicolor, 340.carolinae, 399.leiicophris, 399.leucophris leucophris, 398, 399.lenoophris naugka, 4, 398.malacoensi.s, 355.nigricapitata, 331.nipalensis, 399.wrayi, 399.Brachypus eutilotus, 388.brachyurus badiosus, Micropternus,232.hadiiis, Micropternus, 232.brachyuru.s, Micropternus, 232.burmanicus, Micropternus, 230.phaeoceps. Micropternus, 230, 231.squaniigularis, Micropternus, 232.williamsoni, Micropternus, 231, 232.brachyurus, Micropternus brachyurus,232.Surniculus lugubris, 132.Brachyurus mulleri, 260.brama pulchra, Athene, 150.brasiliana phayrei, Leptocoma, 501.brevicaudata brevicaudata, Corytho-cichla, 3.34.cognata, Corythocichla, 4, 335.herberti, Corythocichla. 334.leucosticta, Corythocichln, 334.striata, Corythocichla, 335.Venning!, Corythocichla, 334.brevicaudata, Corythocichla brevicau-data, 334.brevicaudatus venningi, Turdinulus,334.brevirostris affiiiis. Pericrocotus, 269.neglectus, Pericrocotus, 270.brevirostris, Chibia, 287.Chihia hottentotta, 286, 287.Pericrocotus, 270.Pomatorhinu.s, .326.brodiei tnbigor. Glaucidium, 151.brookei, Eurylaimus javanicu.s, 247.brugoli, Glaucidium cuculoides, 151.brunneopectns. Arboricola, 63.Arborophila bruimeopectus, 63.brunneopoctus brunneopectus, Arboro-phila. 63.brunnescens, Corydon sumatranus, 249.Lalage nigra, 276. brunneus brunneus, Pycnonotus, 395.brunneus, Hemicircus, 228.Meiglyptes tukki, 228.Pycnonotus, 395, 396.Pycnonotus brunneus, 395.Bubo ketupu aagaardi, 146.nipalensis, 147.Bubulcus ibis coromandus, 29, 31.Bucco australis, 209.cyanotis, 207.faiostrictus, 201.hayi, 197.henrici, 206.indicus, 209.niystacophanes, 202.rubritorquis, 206.virens, 198.Buceros bicornis, 190.carinatus, 195.comatus, 196.convexus, 191.corrugatus, 195.leucogaster, 191.nsalayanus, 193.nipalensis, 195.rhinoceros, 190.rhinoceros borneoensis, 190.rhinoceros rhinoceros, 190.rhinoceros silvestris, 190.subruficoUis, 194undulatus, 193vigil. 197.Bucerotidae, 190.Buchanga annectans, 278.leucogenis, 282.leucogenys cerussata, 282.mouhoti, 281.Budytes flavus, 474.flavus macronyx, 473, 474.flavus plexus, 473.llavus simillimus, 472.flavus taivanus, 473.taivanus, 473.thunbergi, 474.thunbergi plexus, 472, 473.Buphus bacchus, 27.Bnrhinidae, 97.burkii interniedius, Seicercus, 437.tophroc'cphalus, Seicercus, 437, 438.burmana, Baza leuphotes, 44.Baza lophotes, 44.burmanica, Heterophasia picaoides,356.Ninox. 152.Ninox scutulata, 152.Pclargopsis, 174.Ramphalcyon capensis, 174, 176.Saxicola caprnta, 400.burmanicus, Caprimulgus monticolus,155.(^riniger. 376.Microhierax caerulescens, 57.Micropternus brachyurus, 2.30.Ploceus philippinus, 525.butaloides, Muscitrca gri.sola, 485.Butastur indicus, 49. INDEX 543 Butorides javanicus abbotti, 15, 25.javaiiicus actophilus, 26.javanicus amurensis, 26.javanicus icastopterus, 25, 26.javanicus javanicus, 26.javanicus spodiogaster, 26.striatus connectens, 25.Butreron capellii magnirostris, 107.buttikoferi, Macropicus javensis, 241. cabanisi, Criniger, 375.eacharensis, Zosterops palpebrosa, 4,523.Cacomantis morulinus querulus, 126.merulinus threnodes, 120.querulus, 126.sepulcralis sepulcralis, 126.caerulea caerulea, Pitta, 256.hosei, Pitta, 257.caerulea, Gracula, 419.Myiothera, 256.Pitta caerulea, 256.caeruleifrons, Cyornis magnirostris, 451.Cyornis wliitei, 451, 454.caerulescens burmanicus, Microhierax,57.caeruleus caeruleus, Elanus, 42.caeruleus, Myophonus, 419.innnansuetus, Myophonus, 420.rileyi, Myophonus, 417.vociferus, Elanus, 42.caeruleus, Elanus caeruleus, 42.Myophonus, 418, 420.Myophonus caeruleus, 419.caesia, Monarcha, 467.Philentoma velata, 467.cafer chrysorrhoides, Molpastes, 384.klossi, Molpastes, 384.cagayanensis, Orthotomus cineraceus,427.calcostetha, Chalcostetha calcostetha,496.Nectarinia, 496.calliope, Calliope, 404.Motacilla, 404.Calliope calliope, 404.tschebaiewi, 404.Callisitta frontalis frontalis, 313, 314.frontalis saturatior, 314.Callolophus raineutus perlutus, 218.mlniatus dayak, 219.miniatus nialaccensis, 218, 219.miniatus miniatus, 219.miniatusi niasensis, 219.miniatus perlutus, 218.calocephala, Cyornis banyumas, 452,453.calochry.sea, Culicicapa ceylonensis,469. 470.Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica, 112.nicobarica pelewensis, 112.caloiiyx, Eurystomns, 188.Eurystomus oricntjilis, 188.Caloperdix oculea oc\ilea, 60. Caloramphus fuliginosus fuliginosus,198.fuliginosus hayi, 197.sanguinolentus, 198.calvus, yarcogyps, 54.Vultur, 54.Calyptoniena viridis continentis, 254.viridis siberu, 251.viridis viridis, 255.cambodiana, Arborophila, 63.Arborophila cambodiana, 64.cambodiana cambodiana, Arborophila,64.diversa, Arborophila, 63.cambodianura, Dicaeum beccarii, 4, 515.cambodianvTS, Poliopsar, 492.cameranoi, Pteruthius aeralatus, 363.cameroni, Blythipicus pyrrhotis, 226.Campephaga avensis, 273.Campephagidae, 267.cana, Heterophasia picaoides, 4, 356.Sibia picaoides, 4, 356.Cancroma coromanda, 29.canente canente, Hemicircus, 239.cordatus, Hemicircus, 239.canente. Hemicircus canente, 239.Picus, 239.canesceus, Erpornis xantholeuca, 361.Erpornis zantholeuca, 361.Ixos, 4, 382.eanicapillus, Picus, 224.Yungipicus nanus, 224, 226.canicapillns suffusus, lyngipicus, 225.cantaus, Horornis, 440.cantillans williamsoni, Mirafra, 262.cantonensis, Pericrocotus, 273.canturians, Arudinax, 439.Horornis, 430, 440.Horornis canturians, 439.canturians borealis, Horornis, 440.canturians, Horornis, 439.canus hessei, Picus, 214.microrhynchus, Gecinus, 214.robiusoni, Picus, 214.Capella gallinago raddei, 93.stenura, 92, 93.capellii magnirostris, Butreron, 107.capensis burmanica, Ramphalcyon, 174,176.hydrophila, Ramphalcyon, 16, 175.malaccensis, Ramphalcyon, 174,175.capensis, Ramphalcyon, 174.capistratoides, Drymoeataphus, 331.capistratus, Drymoeataphus, 331.capitalis, Muscicapa, 483.Capitonidae, 197.caprata burmanica, Saxicola, 400.Caprimulgidae, 154.Caprimulgus asiaticus, 155.asiaticus siamensis, 156.bimaculatus, 154.indicus jotaka, 155.jotaka, 155.macrurus anamesus, 15, 154.macrurus bimaculatus, 154.monticolus burmanicus, 155. 544 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM cara, Aethopyga, 496.Aethopyga siparaja, 496, 498.carbo sinensis, Phalacrocorax, 22.Caridagrus coucretus concretus, 179.carinatus, Anorrliinus galeritus, 195.Buceros, 195.earolinae, Bracbypteryx, 399.Carpococcyx reiiauldi, 142.Carpodacus erythrinus murati, 534.erythriniis roseatus, 534.murati, 534.Casarca ferruginea, 39.cashmerieusis, Chelidon, 263.Delichon urbica, 263.caspica, Motacilla cinerea, 472.caspiciis, Parus, 472.castanea cimiamoveiitris, Sitta, 315.castanea neglecta, Sitta, 315.castaneceps castaneceps, Pseudominla,356.soror, Pseudominla, 356.castaneceps, Minla, 356.Pseudominla castaneceps, 356.castaneiceps. Pitta oatesi, 256.castauicauda, Siva, 358.Siva strigula, 358.castaniceps, Abrornis, 438.Seicercus castaniceps, 438.castaniceps annamensis, Seicercus, 438.castaniceps, Seicercus, 438.sinensis, Seicercus, 438.cathoecus, Dicrurus, 279.Dicrurus macrocercus, 279, 280.Ceblepyris culminatus, 275.melanoptera, 273.Cecropis badia, 266.celsa, Rhipidura albicoUis, 4, 463, 464.Centropus bengalensis bengalensis, 140,141.bengalensis javanensis, 141.intermedins, 140.sinensis intermedins, 140.sinensis sinensis, 140.Cerasophila thompsoni, 380.Cerchneis tinnunculus saturatus, 59.Certhia discolor discolor, 316.discolor fuliginosa, 316.discolor manipurensis, 316.discolor meridionalis, 316.discolor shanensis, 316.malacensis, 504,siparaja, 496.trigonostigma, 516.Certhiidae, 316.certhiola, Locustella, 421.Motacilla, 421.cerussata, Buchunga leucogeuys, 282.cervina, Motacilla, 475.cerviniceps cerviniceps, Lyncornls, 156.cerviniceps, Lyncornis, 156, 157.Lyncornis cerviniceps, 156.cervinus, Anthus, 475.Ceryle guttnlata, 169.leucomelanura, 169.rudis insignis, 169.rudis leucomelanura, 169. ceylonensis antioxantha, Culicicapa, 16,469.calochrysea, Culicicapa, 409, 470.meridionalis, Culicicapa, 4G9.orientalis, Culicicapa, 469.Ceyx dillwynni, 173.erithacus erithacus, 172.erithacus macrocarus, 173.euerythra, 173.innominata, 173.robusta, 173.rufidorsa, 173.rufidorsus rufidorsus, 173.sharpei, 173.Chaetura indica, ICO.Chalcites maculatus, 129, 130.malayanus, 131.malayanus malayanus, 131.xanthorhyncbus xauthorhynchus,128.Chalcoparia singalensis interposita, 512.singaleusis koratensis, 511.singalensis singalensis, 512.Chalcopariidae, 511.Chalcophaps indica indica, 112.Chalcostetba calcostetha calcostetha,496.changensis, Myoplionus temminckii, 4,419.Chaptia aenea aenea, 284.aonea malayensis, 285.malnyensis. 285.Charadriidae, 84.Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus, 87.atrifrons, 87, 88.curonicus, 86.dubius curonicus, 86.dubius dubius, 86.dubius jerdoui, 86.duvaucelii, 85.fulvus, 86.liimantopus, 96.leschenaultii, 88.mongolus, 88.mongolus atrifrons, 87, 88.mongolus mongolus, 88.peroni, 87.ventralis, 85.Charitociris maculata maculata, 519,520.maculata septentrionalis, 520.percussa ignicapilla, 518.charltoui charltoni, Tropicoperdix, 64.graydoni, Tropicoperdix, 65.tonkinensis, Tropicoperdix, 65.charltoni, I'erdix, G-1.Tropicoperdix charltoni, 64.chaseni, liarpactes erythrocephalus,164.chauleti, Cissa hypoleuca, "0,5.cheela bassus, Spilornis, i\(). 57.malayensis, Spilornis, 56.Chelidon cashmeriensis. 263.Chelidorhynx hypoxanthum, 463.Choiiiscns coromandeUanus coroman-delianus, 41. INDEX 545 chersonesites, Cyoruis rubeciiloides, 15,450.chei-sonesophila, Mixornis gnlaris, 16,349.chersonesus, Chrysocolaptes strictus,236.Chibia breviroslris, 2S7.hottentotta brevirostris, 286, 287.hotteiitotta hottentotta, 286.chinensis, Amaurornis phoenicnra, 79.Cissa, 305.Ci.ssa oIiinen.sis, 304.Coracias, .304.Eiulyiiamy.s scolopacea, 134.Excalfactoria chinensis, 62.Fnliea, 79.Hirundo, 264.lynx torquilla, 245.Riparia chinensis, 264.Tetrao, 62.chinensis cliinensis, Cissa, 304.chinensis, Excalfactoria, 62.chinensis, Riparia, 264.diffusus, Oriolus, 294, 295.propinquus, Garrnlax, 317.tantilla, Riparia, 264.tenuirostris, Oriolus, 295.tigrina, Streptopelia, 114.chiropletliis, Pycnonotus pluniosus, 393.chirurgus. Hydrophasianus, 83.Tringa, 83.Chlidonias hybrida, 99.hybrida javanica, 99.leucoptera, 99.chloris armstrongi. Halcyon, 178.arnistrongi, Sauropatis, 178.humii, Sauropatis, 179.chlorolophoides, Cirropicus chlorolo-phus, 216, 217.chlorolophus annamensis, Cirropicus,217.chlorolophoides, Cirropicus, 216,217.chlorolophus, Cirropicus, 216.citrinocristatus, Cirropicus, 217.conjunctus, Cirropicus, 4, 216.krenipfi, Cirropicus, 217.laotianus, Cirropicus, 217-rodgeri, Cirropicus, 217.chlorolophus, Cirropicus, 217.Cirropicus chlorolophus, 216.chlorophaea chlorophaea, Rhinortha.139.fuscigularis, Rhinortha, 140.chlorophaea, Rhinortha chlorophaea139.chlorophaeus, Cuculus, 139.chlorophoides, Brachylophus, 216.Chloropicoides rafllesi borneonensis, 222,rafflesi peninsularis, 222.rafTlosi rafflesi, 222.Chloroi)sis aurifrons aurifrons, 368, 369.aurifrons inornatus, 369.eocbiiicbinensis cochinchinensis,370, 372.cochinchinensis icterocephala, 371.cyanopogon cyanopogon, 373. Chloropsis cyanopogon septentrionalis,373.hardwickii, 369, 370.hardwickii hardwickii, 369.malayana 369, 370.sonnerati sonnerati, 372.sonnerati viriditectus, 372.sonnerati zosterops, 372.zosterops, 372.chloropus clUoropus, Tropicoperdix, 65.cognacqi, Tropicoperdix, 66.Indicus, Gallimila, 81.olivacea, Tropicoperdix, 65.chloropus, Tropicoperdix chloropus, 65.Chotorea chrysopogon chrysopogon,203.chrysopogon chrysopsis, 203.chrysopogon laetus, 203.mystacophanes arapala, 203.mystacophanes humei, 203.mystacophanes mystacophanes, 202.raffle.sii borneensis, 204.rafflesii malayensis, 203.rafflesii rafflesii, 204.chrysaea assimilis, Stachyrldopsis,347.chrysops, Stachyridopsis, 347.chrysaea, Ploceella hypoxantha, 526.chrysaeus, Ploceus, 526.chrysochlore, Dicaeum chrysorrhaeum,517.Dicaeum, 517.Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus indo-malayicus, 235.strictus chersonesus, 236.strictus guttacristatus, 235.strictus strictus, 2.36.validus validus, 237.validus xanthopygius, 237.xanthopygius, 237.chrysogenys astilpna, Arachnothera, 16,507.copha, Arachnothera, 507.intensiflava, Arachnothera, 507.Chrysomma sinensis major, 328.sinensis sinensis, 328.Chrysophlegma flavinucha annamensis,222.flavinucha flavinucha, 220, 221.flavinucha lylei, 220, 221.flavinucha pierrei, 221.flavinuclia ricketti, 222.flavinucha styani, 222.flavinufba wrayi, 222.humii, 219.humii humii, 219.humii saba, 220.mentale. 220.pierrei, 221.chrysopogon, Chotorea chrysopogon,203.chrysopogon chrysopogon, Chotorea,203.chrysopsis, Chotorea, 203.laetus, Chotorea, 203. 546 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM chrysops, Stachyridopsis chrysaea, 347.Stachyris, 15, 347.chrysopsis, Chotorea chrysopogon, 203.chrysorrhaeum chrv.sochlore, Dicaeum,517.chrysorrhaeum, Dicaeum, 517.chrysorrhaeum, Dicaeum, 517.Dicaeum chrysorrhaeum, 517.chrysorrlioides, Molpastes cafer, 384Ciconia javanica, 37.Ciconiidae, 35.cineraceus cagayanensis, Orthotomus.427.cineraceus. Orthotomus, 426.cinerea, Alcippe, 353.Alcippe cinerea, 353.Fuliea, 80.Gallicrex, 80.lole, 383.Malacornis cinerea, 339.cinerea caspiea, Motacilla, 472.cinerea, Alcippe, 353.cinerea, Malacornis, 339.rectirostris, Ardea, 23.cinereiceps, Hemichelidon, 445.Neohierax insignis, 58.Polihierax insi^nis, 58.cinereicollis, Phyllergates cucullatus,440.cinerescens, Rhipidura albicollis, 464.cinereus cinereus, Ixos, 383.cinereus, Ixos cinereus, 383.Malacopteron, 389.Parus major, 311.Pericrocotus. 273.cinnamomea, Ardea, 33.cinnamomeoventris, lole olivacea, 376,378.lole virescens, .'?76.cinnamomeus, Nannocmis, 33, 34.cinnamomeus vividus, Pericrocotus, 271.cinnamoventris, Sitta, castanea, 315.Cinnyris magna, 507,ornata heliohleta, 16, 503.Circus aeruginosus aerugiuosus, 55.melanoloucus, 55.cirrhatus limnaetus, Nisaetus, 50, 51.Cirropicus chlorolophus, 217.chlorolophus annamensis, 217.chlorolophus clilorolophoides, 216,217.chlorolophus chlorolophus, 216.chlorolophus citrinocristatus. 217.chlorolophus conjunctus, 4, 216.chlorolophus krempti, 217.chl()roloi)lius laotianus, 217.chlorolophus rodgcri, 217.puniceus continent is, 217.puniceus obscrvandus, 218.puniceus puniceus, 218.Cissa chinensis, 305.chinensis chinensis, 304.hypoleuca, .305.hypolouca cliauloti, 305.hypoleuca hypohnica, 305.Cisticola juncidis cursitans, 427.juncidis malaya, 427. citrina citrina, Geokichla, 411.innotata, Geokichla, 411.citrina, Geokichla citrina, 411.citrinocristatus, Cirropicus chlorolo-phus, 217.citrinus, Turdus, 411.Clamator coromandus, 133.claudiae, Acanthopneuste trochiloidea,435.Phylloscopus reguloides, 435.clypeata. Anas, 41.Spatula, 41.coccinea. Pitta, 260.Pitta granatina, 260.coccometopus, Hemicirus concretus,238.Coccothraustes melanoxanthus 533.cochinchinensis, Chloropsis cochinchi-nensis, 370, 372.Turdus, 370.cochinchinensis cochinchinensis, Chlo-ropsis, 370, 372.icterocephala, Chloropsis, 371.Cochoa rothschildi, 420.viridis. 420.coeligenus. Merops sumatranus, 182.cognacqi, Tropicoperdix chloropus, 66.cognata, Corythocichla brevicaudata, 4,335.Collocalia francica germani, 161, 162,163.francica inexpectata, 162, 163.germani, 161.gigas, 163.inexpectata, 162.innominata, 162, 163.linchi cyanoptila, 163.linchi elachyptera, 16, 163.lowi robinsoni, 162, 163.merguiensis, 161.vestita amechana, 163.collurioides griseicapillus, Lanius, 473.collurioides, Lanius, 478.coltarti, Stachyris nigriceps, 344.Columba, 114.aenous, 109.bicolor, 112.curvirostra, 105.fulvicollis, 102.humilis, 116 .indica, 112.intermedia, 113.jambu, 108.livia intermedia, 113.nlcdbarica, 112.olax, 105.punicea, 113.(ALsocomus) puniceus, 113.striata, 117.sylvatica, 110.tigrina, 114.(Macropygia) tu.salia, 116.Columbidae, 102.Colymbidae, 20.comata coniata, Hemiprocne, 158.major, Hemiprocne, 158.comata, Hemiprocne comata, 168. INDEX 547 comatns, Berenicornis, 196.Buceros, 196.Cypselus, 158.commixus, Pariis major, 312.concolor, Hypsipetes, 379.Krimnoehelidon, 264.Microscelis psaroides, 379.concolor olivaceum, Dicaeuin, 518.sintaugensis, Krimnoehelidon, 264.concreta borneana, Halcyon, 179.concreta, Cyornis, 447, 454.cyanea, Cyornis, 447.concreta, Cyornis concreta, 447, 454.Dacelo, 179.Muscicapa, 447.concretus, Caridagrus concretus, 179.Cuciiliis, 123.Cncnlus micropteriis, 15, 123.concretus coccometopus, Hemicircus,238.concretus, Caridagrus, 179.sordidus, Hemicircus, 238.condorensis, Otus bakkamoena, 149.conjunctus, Cirropicus chlorolophus, 4,216.connectens, Butorides striatus, 25.Gecinus vittatus, 212.Mixornis gularis, 348, 349.Mixornis rubricapilla, 349.Picus vittatus, 212.Trochalopteron melanostigma, 322.continentalis, Ardeola speeiosa, 28.contineutis, Brachyloplius puniceus,217.Calyptomena viridis, 254.Cirropicus puniceus, 217.contra floweri, Sturnopastor, 495.superciliaris, Sturnopastor, 495.convcxa, Hydrocissa coronata, 191.convexus, Buceros, 191.cooki, Cypselus pacificus, 158.Micropus pacificus, 158.Suya crinigera, 441.copha, Arachnothera chrysogenys, 507.Copsychus saularis ephalus, 407.saularis erimelas, 406.saularis haliblectus, 15, 406.saularis saularis, 406, 407.Coracias affinis, 186.affinis theresiae, 187.benghalensis, 187.chinensis, 304.orientalis, 187.puella, 300.vagabunda, 307. 'Coraciidae, 186.cordatus, Hemicircus canente, 239.coromanda, Alccdo, 177.r'ancroma, 29.Entomothora coromanda, 177.coromanda coromanda, Entomothera,177.minor, Alccdo (Halcyon), 178.minor, Entomothera. 178.coromandoliana, Anas, 41.coromandelianus, Cheniscus coromande-lianus, 41. coromandelianus coromandelianus,Cheniscus, 41.coromandus, Bubulcus ibis, 29, 31.CIama tor, 133.Cuculus, 133.coronata convoxa, Hydrocissa, 191.coronata, Ficedula, 435.Hemiprocne, 157.Hirundo, 157.coronatus, Ampeliceps, 491.Phyllergates cucuUatus, 440.Phylloscopus occipitalis, 435.corrugatus, Buceros, 195.Cranobrontes, 15, 195.Corvidae, 302.Corvus andamauensis, 302.hottentottus, 286.UKicrorhynchos, 302.macrorbynchos andamauensis, 302,303.m a c r o r hyncbos macrorbynchos,302.rufus, 307.temia, 307.corydon, Eurylaimus, 249.Corydon sumatranus, 249.sumatranus brunnescens, 249.sumatranus laoensis, 247.sumatranus sumatranus, 249.Corythocichla annamensis, 333.brevicaudata brevicaudata, 334.brevicaudata cognata, 4, 335.brevicaudata herberti, 334.brevicaudata leucosticta, 334.brevicaudata striata, 335.brevicaudata venningi, 334.griseigularis, 335.leucosticta, 334.Cranobrontes corrugatus, 15, 195.crassirostris, Arachnocestra, 509.Arachnothera, 509.Myiophoneus, 419.Myophonus, 4, 418, 419.crawfurdi, jMacropicus, 243.Picus, 243.crecca. Anas, 40.Nettion, 40.criniger, Brachypodius, 378.Irena puella, 302.Tricholestes criniger, 378.criniger criniger, Tricholestes, 378.Criniger bartelsi, 376.burnmnicus, 376.cabanisi, 375.tlaveolus, 376.henrici, 374.lonnbergi, 377.ochraceus, 373, 374.ochraceus ochraceus, 374.ochraceus sacculatus, 375.propinquus, 377.salangae, 375.sordidus, 15, 374.tephrogenys, 376.tephrogeuys annamensis, 374. 548 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMCriniger tephrogenys grandis, 374,tephrogenys henrici, 374.tephrogenys tephrogenys, 373.crinigera CQoki, Suya, 441.crispifrons annamensis, Gypsophila,333.crispifrons, Gypsophila, 333.saxatilis, Cursonia, 333.crispifrons, Gypsophila, 334.Gypsophila crispifrons, 333.cristatus cristatus, Lanius, 480.superciliosus, Lanius, 480.cristatus, Diehoceros bicornis, 191.Lanius, 480.Lanius cristatus, 480.Pavo, 74.Crocopus phoenicopterus annamensis,102.phoenicopterus viridifrons, 102.cruentatum ignitum, Dicaeum, 513.siamensis, Dicaeum, 513.Crypsirhina varians longipennis, 307.Crypsirina temia, 307.Cryptolopha intermedia, 437.Cryptonyx niger, 61.Cuculidae, 123.cucullata abbotti, Pitta, 260.bangkana. Pitta, 260.cucullata. Pitta, 260.cucullata. Pitta. 260.Pitta cucullata, 260.cucullatus cinereicollis, Phyllergates,440.coronatus, Phyllergates, 440.cucullatus, Phyllergates, 440.thais, Phyllergates, 440.cucullatus, Phyllergates cucullatus. 440.cuculoides brugeli, Glaucidium, 151.Cuculus bengalensis, 140.chlorophaeus, 139.concretus, 123.coromandus, 133.fugax, 124.javanensis, 141.malayanus, 131micropterus concretus, 15, 123.micropterus micropterus, 123.nisicolor, 125.paradiseus, 289.sepulcralis, 126.sonneratii, 127.sparverioides, 123.sumatranuSj 137.vagans, 125.xanthorhynchus. 128.Culicicapa ceylonensis antioxantha, 16,469.ceylonensis calochrysea, 469, 470.ceylonensis meridionalis, 469.ceylonensis orientalis, 469.Culicipcta tephrocephalus, 437. . culminata, Volvocivora limbriata, 275culminatus, Ceblepyris, 275.Cuncuma leucogaster, 63.leucoryphus, 53. curonicus, Charadrius, 86.Charadrius dubius, 86.cursitans, Cisticola juncidis, 427.Cursonia crispifrons saxatilis, 333.curvirostra, Columba, 105.Treron, 106.Treron curvirostra, 105.curvirostra curvirostra, Treron, 105.nipalensis, Treron, 106,Cutia nipalensis, 361.nipalensis nipalensis, 361.cyane, Larvivora, 399.Motacilla, 399.cyanea aurantiaca, Pitta, 257,cyanea. Pitta, 257,willoughbyi, Pitta, 257.cyanea, Cyoruis concreta, 447.Muscicapa, 301.Pitta, 257.Pitta cyanea, 257.Cyanecula suecica robusta, 403.cyanicauda, Psarisomus dalhousiae, 4,253.cyaniventrisi cyaniventris, Pycnonotus,392.cyaniventris, Pycnonotus, 392.Pycnonotus cyaniventris, 392.cyanocephala bengalensis, Psittacula,119.Cyanoderma erythroptera erythroptera,347.cyanopogon, Chloropsis cyanopogon,373.cyanopogon cyanopogon, Chloropsis,373.septentrionalis, Chloropsis, 373.Cyanops asiatica, 206.asiatica asiatica, 204.asiatica davisoni, 204.duvaceli robinsoni, 208.franklini ramsayi, 205.franlilini trangensis, 16, 205.henrici henrici 15, 206.incognita, 206.mystacophanes aurantiifrons, 202.oorti, 207.cyanoptila, Collocalia linchi, 163.Cyanosylvia suecica robusta, 403.cyanotis, Bucco, 207.Mezobucco duvaucelii, 207, 208.cyanouroptera cyanouroptera, Siva,358.oatesi, Siva, 3!j8.sordida, Siva, 359.sordidior, Siva, 359.cyanouroptera, Siva cyanouroptera,358.cyanura cyanura, lanthia, 404.cyanura, lanthia cyanura, 404.cyauurus cyanurus, P.?nsis buttikoferi, Macropicus. 241.javensis, Macropicus, 241.larutensis, Grancalus, 277.larvivorns, Grancalus, 277.parvus, Macropicus, 241.rex-pineti, Grancalus, 277.siamensis, Grancalus, 277.suhiensis, Macropicus, 242.javen.sis, Grancalus, 278.Picus. 241.Macropicus, 242.Macropicus javensis. 241. INDEX 559jerdoni, Aogialitis, 86.Charadrius dubins, 86.Lophastur jcrdoui, 43.Pernis, 43.jerdoni jerdoni, Lophastnr, 43.jocosa emeria, Otocompsa, 386.erythrotis, Otocompsa. 385.jocosa, Otocompsa, 386.jocosa, Otocompsa jocosa, 386.johnsoni, Otocompsa, 17, 387, 388.Rnbignla, 388.Jora viridissima. 368.jotaka, Caprimnlgns, l.")5.Caprimulgus indicns, 155.jugnlaris, Meiglyptes, 229.juncidis cursitans, Cisticola, 427.malaya, Cisticola, 427.Jnnx japonica, 245.Jynx torquilla, 245.torqnilla liarterti, 245.torquilla intermedia, 245.torqnilla japonica, 245.torquilla pallidior, 245.talamantan, Eurvlaimus ochromalus,247.kasumba, Harpactes kasumba, 166.Trogon, 166.kasumba Impavidus, Pyrotrogon, 166.kasumba, Harpactes, 166.Kenopia striata, 354.Ketupa ketupu aagaardi, 146.ketupu ketupu, 147.ketupu minor, 147.ketupu pageli, 147.ketupu aagaardi. Bubo, 146.aagaardi, Ketupa, 146.ketupu, Ketupa, 147.minor, Ketupa, 147.pageli, Ketupa, 147.ketupu, Ketupa ketupu, 147.kienerii, Astur, .52.Lophotriorcliis kienerii, 52.kienerii formosus, Lophotriorcliis, 52.kienerii, Lophotriorcliis, .52.kinneari, Dendrocitta rufa, 306.Dendrocitta vagabunda, 306.Kittacincla malabarica abbotti, 408, 409,410.malabarica interposita, 407.malabarica lamprogvna, 15, 407,408.malabarica mallopercna, 409, 410.malabarica pellogyna, 15, 407, 408.malabarica tricolor, 409.klossi, Ilarjiactes erythrocephalus, 104.Molpastes atricapillus, 384.Molpastes cafcr, 384.Phylloscopns flavo-olivaceu.s, 436.Pomatorhinus nuchalis, 32.5.Pomatorhinus schisticeps, .323. 325.Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus, 164.Snya superciliaris, 441.koratensis, Chalcoparia singalensis, 511.Volvocivora, 273, 274.krempfl, Cirropicus chlorolophus, 217. Krimnochelidon concolor, 264.concolor sintaugensis, 264.Lacedo pulchella amabilis, 180.pnlchella pulchella, 180.lactea, Galachrysia, 98.Glareola, 98.laeta, Leioptila melanoleuca, 357.laetus, Chotorea chrysopogon, 203.lafresnayei, Aethorhynchus lafresnayei,3&4, 3G6.lora, 364.lafresnayei innotatus, Aethorhynchus,365.lafresnayei, Aethorhynchus, 364.366.xanthotis, Aethorhynchus, 366.Lalage fimbriata indochinensis, 274.nigra brunnescen.s, 276.nigra nigra, 276.Lamprocorax panayeusis halictypus, 16.488.pauayensis richmondi, 489.lamprogyna, Kittacincla malabarica,15, 407, 408.lanceolata, Locustella, 422,Sylvia, 422.Laniidae, 478.Lanius coUnrioides, 478.collurioides griseicapillus, 478.cristatus, 480.cristatus cristatus, 480.cristatus superciliosus, 480.divaricatus, 272.hypoleucus siamensis, 478.longicaudatus, 479.musicus, 407.nigriceps longicaudatus, 479.nigriceps nigriceps, 480.superciliosus, 480.tigrinus, 481.laoensis, Corydon sumatranus, 247.laotiana, Psittiparus gulari.s, 310.Strix iudranee, 144, 145.laotianus, Cirropicus chlorophus. 217.Pomatorhinus hypoleucus, 326.Pomatorhinus tickelli, 326.Pterutliius aenobarbns, 363.Strix newarensis, 145.Laridae, 99.larutensi.s, Graucalus javensis, 277.Larivovora cyane, 399.larvivorus, Graucalus javensis, 277.lathami, Emberiza, 535.Melophus, 535.latirostris, Arizelomyia latirostris446.Muscicapa, 446.latirostris latirostris, Arizelomyia, 446.siamensis, Alseonax, 446.latispatula, Bhringa remifer, 2S7.lefoli, Bhringa peracensis, 288, 289.Bhringa remifer, 289.Leioptila annectens saturata, 357.melanoleuca laeta, 357.lemniscatus, Cymbirhynchus macro-rhynchus, 250. 560 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMlompiji, Otus bakkamoena, 148.Scops, 148.lepidocephala, Setaria, 340.lepidota, Urolonclia acuticauda, 16, 529,lepta, Pitta moluccensis, 259.liCptocoma brasiliana phayrei, 501.leptogrammica leptrogrammica, Stiix,145.myrtha, Strix, 145.niasensis, Strix, 145.nyctiphasma, Strix, 145.leptogrammica, Strix, 144, 145,Strix leptogrammica, 145.Leptoptilos javanicus, 37.Leptoptilus dubius, 37.le.schenaulti, Euicurus lescheuaulti.402.Merops erythrocephalus, 184.leschenaiUti indicus, Enicurus, 402.lescheuaulti, Enicurus, 402.sinensis, Enicurus, 402.Icschenaultii, Charadrius, 88.Pagoa, 88.lettia, Otus bakkamoena, 147, 149.Scops, 147.leucocephala annamensis, Gracupica,402.leucocephala, Gracupica, 492.leucocophalus, Acridothei'es, 492.Ibis, 35.Microscelis, 380.Tantalus, 35.leucogaster, Buceros, 191.Cuncuma, 53.Falco, 53.leucogaster plotus, Sula, 21.leucogastra, Amandina, 531.Hydrocissa malabarica, 191.Mnnia leucogastra, 531.leucogastra leucogastra, Munia, 531.leucogastrioides. Munia, 531.leucogastrioides, Munia leucogastra,531.leucogenis. Buchanga, 282.Dicrurus leucogenis. 282, 283, 284.leucogenis leucogenis, Dicrurus, 282,2S3 284.meridionalis, Dicrurus, 284.salangensis. Dicrurus, 283.leucogenys cerussata, Buchanga, 282.leucoiophus berlangeri, Garrulax, 318.diardi, Garrulax, 317.leucomelanura. Ceryle, 169.Ceryle rudis, 160.leucophaeus, Dicriirus, 282.leucophaeus disturbans, Dicrurus, 280,282hopwoodi, Dicrurus, 280, 281, 282,mouhoti, Dicrurus, 280, 281.leuco)ihris. Brachypteryx, 399.Brachypteryx leucophris, 398, 399.leucophris leucophris, Brachypteryx,398, 399.nangka. Brachypteryx, 4, 398.leucops, Anthipes moniliger, 455.Digenea, 455 .leucopsis, Motacilla, 471.Motacilla lugubris, 471. leucoptera, Chlidonias, 99.Sterna, 99.leucopterus, Glaucopis, 309, 319.Platysniurus, 309.leucopygialis, Aeanthylis, 161.Rhapidura, 161.leucoryphus, Cuncuma, 53.leucoschistus, Enicurus schistaceus,401.leucosticta, Corythocichla, 334.Corythocichla brevicaudata, 334.leucotis, Garrulus, 309.Garrulus leucotis, 309.Stachyris leucotis, 344.Timalia, 344.leucotis goodsoni, Stachyris, 344.leucotis, Garrulus, .309.leucotis, Stachyris, 344.oatesi, Garrulus, 309.Leucotreron jambu, 108.leucura, Musci.sylvia, 405.leuphotes, Baza leuphotes, 44.leuphotes burmana, Baza, 44.leuphotes. Baza, 44.lewisi, Gennaeus. 68.Limicola falcinellus, 96.limnaetus, Falco, 50.Xi.saetus cirrhatus, 50, 51.Limnobaenus paykullii, 79.liinmodromus spmipalmatus, 92.linchi cyanoptila, Collocalia, 163.elachyptera, Collocalia, 16, 163.lineatus, Gennaeus lineatus, 67, 68.Milvus, 45.Phasianus, 67.Thereiceryx lineatus. 200.lineatus hodgsoni, Thereiceryx, 200.intermedins, Thereiceryx, 199, 201.lineatus, Gennaeus, 67, 68.lineatus, Thereiceryx, 200.sharpei, Gennaeus, 67.sharpii, Gennaeus, 69.FJocichla, 323.liiocichla omeiensis, 323.ripponi ripponi. 322.ri])poni wellsi, 323.steerii, 323.Lioptila saturata, 357.lisettae, Anthreptes macularia, 504.livi;i intermedia, Columba. 113.Lobivjiitellus atrojmchalis, 84.indicus atronuchalis, 84.Locu Stella cerlhiola, 421.lanceolata, 422.longicauda longicauda, Psittacula, 121.loiigicauda, P.sit taenia, 13.Psittiicula longicauda, 121.Psittacus, 121.Ithipidura, 463.Khipidnra javanica, 463.longiciiudatus, Lmthus, 479.Lanius nigriceps, 479.Plioeiiicophaes, 1.35.Khopodytes tristis. 135.longipennis anochra, Hemipvocne, 157.harterti. Ibuniprocne, 157.longipennis. Hemiprocne, 158. INDEX 561longipennis, Crypsirhina varians, 307.Dendrocopos, analis, 224.Dryobates analis, 224.Hemiprocne longipennis, 158.Sterna, 100.longirostris, Perdix, 60.Rhizothera longirostris, 60.Upupa, 189.Upupa epops, 189.longirostris antelia, Arachnothera, 16,510, 511.duliteusis, Rhizothera, 61.heliocrita, Arachnothera, 16, 510.longirostris, Rhizothera, 60.melanchima, Arachnothera, 511.lounbergi, Criniger, 377.Lophastur jerdoui jerdoni, 43.Lophoaster, 44.Lophocitta ardesiaca, 485,Lophospiza indica, 48.trivirgata, 49.lophotes burmana. Baza, 44.Lophotriorchis kienerii formosus, 52.kienerii kienerii, 52.Lophura rufa, 70.Loricuhis vernalis vernalis, 122.lowi robinsoni, CoUocalia, 162, 163.Loxia atricapilla, 527.maja, 527.oryzivora, 526.liiciae, Gampsorhynchus, 328.lugubris alboides, Rlotacilla, 471.barussarum, Surniculus, 132.brachyurus, Surniculus, 132.dicruroides, Surniculus, 131.guttulata, Megaceryle, 169.leucopsis, Motacilla, 471.lugubris, IMegaceryle, 169.lugubris, Surniculus, 132.lugubris, Anthus richardi, 477.Megaceryle lugubris, 169.Phylloscopus, 435.Surniculus lugubris, 132.lunatus elisabethae, Serilophus, 251.intensus, Serilophus 252.lunatus, Serilophus, 250.polinotus, Serilophus, 252.rothschildi, Serilophus, 251.stolidus, Serilophus, 250, 251.lunatus, Eurylaimus, 250.Serilophus lunatus, 250.l;utea, Xantholaema haemacephala,210.lutcolus thaicaous, Oriolus, 295.lychnis, Niltava davidi, 457.lylei, Chrysophlegma flavinucha, 220,221.Lyncornis, 157.cerviniceps, 156, 157.cerviniceps cerviniceps, 156.temminckii, 156,macclellandl tickolli, Ixos, 381, 382.macei siaraensis, Graucalus, 277.macgrigoriae, Niltava, 457.Phoenicura, 457. Machaerhamphus alcinus, 43.Machlophus spilonotus subviridis, 312.macrocarus, Ceyx erithacus, 173.macrocercus borneensis, Eupetes, 327.cathoecus, Dicrurus, 279, 280.griseiventris, Eupetes, 327.macrocercus, Eupetes, 327.thai, Dicrurus, 279.macrocercus, Eupetes, 327.Eupetes macrocercus, 327.macrodactylum, Malacopteron, 337.macrodactylus bakeri, Turdinus, 337.macrodactylus, Turdinus, 337.macrodactylus, Turdinus macrodacty-lus, 337.Macronus ptilosus, 354.ptilosus minor, 354.ptilosus ptilosus, 354.ptilosus reclusus, 354.macronyx, Budytes flavus, 473, 474.Macropicus crawfurdi, 243.feddeni, 242.forresti, 243.hodgsonii, 243.javensis, 242.javensis buttikoferi, 241.javensis javensis, 241.javensis parvus, 241.javensis suluensis, 242.Macropygia assimilis, 117.ruticeps assinrilis, 117.unchall tusalia, 116.unchall unchall, 116.Marcrorhamphus semipalmatus, 92.macrorhynchos andamanensis, Corvus,302, 303.macrorhynchos, Corvus, 302.macrorhynchos, Corvus, 302.Corvus macrorhynchos, 302.macrorhynchus, Cymbirhynchus mac-rorhynchus, 250.macrorhynchus lemuiscatus, Cymbi-rhynchus, 250.macrorhvnchus, Cymbirhynchus,250.malaccensis, Cymbirhynchus, 249.macrurus anamesus, Caprimulgus, 15,154.bimaculatus, Caprimulgus, 154.macularia, Anthreptes, 503.Aiithrei)tes macularia, 503.macularia lisettae, Anthx'eptes, 504.macularia, Anthreptes, 503.maculata, Charitociris maculata, 519,520.maculata maculata, Charitociris, 519,520.pcctoralis, Stachyris, 346.septentrionalis, Charitociris, 520.maculatus, Chaleites, 129, 130.Pardalotus, 519.Pipastes, 475.Trogon, 130.maculatus septentrionalis, Prionochilus,520.maculicollis, Orthotomus, 42.3.Orthotomus sutorius, 423, 425. 562 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMagalaima davlsoni, 204.magna, Araclinothera magna, 507.Cinnyris, 507.Malacornis, 339.Malacornis magna, 337.Sitta, 315, 316.magna aurata, Arachnothera, 508.magna, Arachnothera, .^O?.magna, Malacornis, 337.magnifica, Megalaima virens, 199.magnirostris, Alcippe, 338.Alcippe magnirostris, 338.Alcippe poioicephala, 352, 353.Bufreron capellii, 107.r.vornis, 452, 454.Malacornis, 339.Malacornis magnirostris, 338.Oedicnomis, 97.Orthorhamphus, 97.Psilorhinns, 303.Treron, 107.Urocissa erythrorhyncha, 303, 304.magnirostris caeruleifrons, Cyornis,451.magnirostris, Alcippe, 338.magnirostris, Malacornis, 338,magnnni, Malacopteron, 337.maingayi, Strix indranee, 144, 145.Syrninm, 144.maja, Loxia, 527.Munia maja, 527.maja maja, Miinia, 527.major alt arum, Parus, 311.ambignns, Parus. ,311.artatiis, Parus, 311.cinereus, Parus, 311.commixus, Parus, 312.malayorum, Parus, 311,tibetanus, Parus, .311.major, P>racbypodius atriceps, 397.Chrysomma sinensis, 328.Hemiprocne comata, 1.58.malabarica abbotti, Kitlaeincla, 408,409. 410.intorposita, Kittacincla, 407.laniprogyna, Kittacincla, 15, 407,408.lou(()g;is(ra, Ilydrocissa, 191.malh)porcna, Kittacincla, 409, 410.nemoricola, Sturnia, 490.pollogyna, Kittacincla. 1.5, 407, 408.tricolor, Kittacincla, 409.malaccensis, Anuropsis malaccensis,355.Brachypteryx, 355.Call()lo])hus miniatus, 218, 219.Cymbirhynchus, 249.Cyml>irhynchus macrorhynchus,249.Hypsipetes, 382.Ixos malaccensis, 382.Passer montanus, .533.Pelargopsis, 175.Phasianus, 73.Picus, 219.Polyplectron, 73.Ramphalcyon capensis, 174, 175. malaccensis driophila, Anuropsis, 10,355.malaccensis, Anuropsis, 355.malaccensis, Ixos, 382.malacensis, Anthreptes malacensis, 504.506.Certhia, 504.malacensis malacensis, Anthreptes, 5(J4.506.Malacocincla abbotti, 342.sepiaria, 343.Malacopteron, 3.37.cinereus, 339.macrodactylum, 337.magnum, 337.Malacornis. .337.affinis affinis, 399.cinerea cinerea, 3.39.magna, 3,39.magna magna, 337.magnirostris, 339.magnirostris magnirostris, 338.rufifrons indochinensis, 340.ruflfrons rufifrons, 340.malaya, Cistieola juncidis, 427.malayana. Anthi))es solitaria, 455,Chloropsis, 369, 370.Digenea, 455.Eudynamis, 133.Eudynamys scolopacea, 133.Ilydrocissa. 15, 193.Siva strigula, 358.malayanus, Buceros, 193.dial cites, 1.31.Chalcites malayanus, 131.Cuculus, 131.Otus sunia, 149.Penthoceryx sonnerati, 127.Scops, 149.malayanus malayanus. Cbalcites, 131.inalayonsis, Anthus, 476.Anthus richardi, 476.Chaptia, 28.5.Chaptia aenea, 285.Chotorea rafTlesii, 203.Dissemurus paradiseus, 290, 291,292, 293.Edolius, 292.Irona, .301.Irona puella, 301.Si)ilornis cheela, ,56.malayorum, Parus major, 311.Picumnus innominatus, 243.Vivia innominata, 243.maldi varum, Glareola, 97.r.lareola (Pratincola), 97.maldivarum orientalis, Glareola, 98.malloniicrus. Dissemurus paradisenSr16, 289.mallopercna, Kittacincla malabarica,409. 410.mandarinus, Pericrocotiis Solaris, 270.manilensis, Ardea purpurea, 24.Pyrrherodia purpurea, 24.manipurensis. Certhia discolor, 316,manyar manyar, Ploceus. 525.peguensis, Ploceus, 525, INDEX 56a manyar. Ploceus mauyar, 525.uiarginata niarginata, Zootbera, 415.parva, Zoothera, 415.marginata, Zoothera, 415.Zoothera marginata, 415.mariae, Pomatorhiuus, 325.Pomatorhiuns ferruginosus, 325.mariunae, Mirafra assamica, 262.marshalloruui, Megahiima virens, 199.uiecistus, Euryhiinius ochromalus, 247.meena, Streptopelia orieutalis, 116.Turtiir, 116.Megaceryle liigubris guttiilata, 169.lugubris lugubris, 169.Megalaema ramsayi, 205.Megalaima incognita, 206.virens maguifica, 199.virens marshallorum, 199.virens virens, 198.Megalurns palustris andrewsi, 429.palustris forbesi, 430.palustris palustris, 430.megarhyncha. Pitta, 259.Meiglyptes grammithorax microterus,228.jugularis, 229.tristis grammithorax, 227.tristis micropterus, 228.tristis tristis, 228.tukki brunneus, 228.tukki tukki, 229.melanchima, Arachnothera longirostris,511.Melanochlora sultanea flavocristata,313.sultanea sultanea, 312.melanogaster, Anhinga, 23.melanoleuca laeta, Leioptila, 357.melanoleuea, INIuscieapula, 459.westermanni, Musclcapula, 459.melanoleuca, Muscicapula, 459.Muscicapiila melanoleuca, 459.melanoleucus, Circus, 55.Falco, 55.melanolopha, Ardea, 32.melanolophus, Gorsakius melanolophus,32.melanolophus melanolophus, Gorsakius.32.Melanopordix nigra borneensis, 61.nigra nigra, 61.melanoptera, Ceblepyris, 273.Volvocivora, 273.melanostigma, Garrulax, 322.Trochalopteron melanostigma, 322.melanostigma conneetens, Trochalop-teron, 322.melanostigma, Trochalopteron, 322.melanota, Sarcidiornis, 39.melanotus, Anser, 39.melanoxanthus, (^occothraustes, 533.IMycerobas, .533.melaschistos, Volvocivora, 274, 275.Melias diardi, 136.tristis, 136. Melittophagus erythrocephalus ery-throcephalus. 183.mellianus, Oriolus, 298.Oriolus trailii, 298.Molophus lathami, 535.melopogenys, Deudrophassa fulvicoUiSr103.meninting, Alcedo, 170.Alcedo meninting, 170.meninting meninting, Alcedo, 170.scintillans, Alcedo, 171, 172.mentale, Chrysophlegma, 220.merguiensis, CoUocalia, 161.meridiauus, Picus viridanus, 212.meridionalis, Certhia discolor, 316.Culicicapa ceylonensis, 469.Dicrurus leucogenis, 284.Garrulax pectoralis, 319.Meropidae, 180.Merops amicta, 185.erythrocephalus, 183.erythrocephalus leschenaulti, 184,javanicus, 181.orientalis birmanus, 180.orientalis orientalis, 181.philippinus javanicus, 181.philippiuus philippinus, 182.sumatranus, 182.sumatranus coeligenus, 182.viridis, 183.viridis americamis, 183.viridis birmanus, ISO.viridis sumatranus, 182, 183.viridis viridis, 183.merulinus querulus, Cacomautis, 126.threnodes, Cacomautis, 126.Mesia argeutauris galbana, 363.argentauris tahanensis, 364.Mesobucco duvauceli stuarti, 208.duvaugli orientalis, 207.Mcsophoyx intennedia intermedia, 31.messatius, Dissemurus paradiseus, 16,.293.messeris, Artaniides sumatrensis, 278.Graucalus sumatrensis, 16, 278.Metopidius indicus, S3.Mezobucco duvaucelii borneensis, 208.duvaucelii cyanotis, 207, 208.duvaucelii duvaucelii, 208.duvaucelii orientalis, 207.duvaucelii stuarti, 208.Microhierax caerulescens burmanicus^57.fringillarius, 57.micromelaena, Aegithina tiphia, 367.Micronisus poliopsis, 46.Micropalama taczanowskia, 92.Micropodidae, 158.Micropternus brachyurus badiosus, 232brachyurus badius, 232.brachyuru.'i brachyurus, 232.brachyurus burmanicus, 230.brachyurus phaeoceps, 230, 231.brachyurus squamigularis, 232. 564 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMMicropterniis brachyurus williamsoni,231, 232.phaeoceps, 230.niicropterus concretus, Cuculus, 15, 123.micropterus, Cuculus, 123.micropterus, Cuculus micropterus, 123.Meiglyptes tristis, 228.Micropus affinis subfnrcatus, 159.pacificus cooki, 158.microrhynchus, Gecinus canus, 214.Microscelis leucocephalus, 380.nigrescens, 379.psaroides, 379.psaroides concolor, 379.Microtarsus olivaceus, 394.microterus, Meiglyptes grammithorax,228.migrans govinda, Milvus, 45.milleti, Garrulax, 321.milnei indochinensis, Trochalopteron,322.milnei, Trochalopteron, 322.sharpei, Trochalopteron, 322.vitryi, Trochalopteron, 322.milnei, Trochalopteron milnei, 322.Milvus govinda, 45.lineatus, 45.migrans govinda, 45.mineatus perlutus, Callolophus, 218.miniatus, Callolophus miuiatus, 219.miniatus dayak, Callolophus, 219.malaccensis, Callolphus, 218, 219.miniatus, Callolophus, 219.niasensis, Callolophus, 219.perlutus, Callolophus, 218.Minla castaneceps, 356.minor, Alcedo (Halcyon) coromanda,178.Entomothera coromanda, 178.Ketupa ketupu, 147.Macronus ptilosus, 354.Mixornis sumatrana, 350.Otocompsa flaviventris, 387, 388.Khopodytes sumatranus, 138.minuta, Pisobia, 94.Mirafra assamica assamica, 2G2.assamica marionae, 262.cantillans williamsoni, 262.javanica beaulieui, 202.javanica javanica, 262.javanica williamsoni, 262.Mixornis gularis archipelagica, 16, 349,350.gularis chersonesophila, 16, 349.gularis connectens, 348, 349.gularis gularis, 348.gularis inveterata, 349.gularis sulphurea, 349, 350.rubricapilla connectens, 349.suuKitrana minor, 350.inodesta, Anthreptes, 508.Arachnothera aflinis, 508, 509.I'iprisoma modesta, 521. modesta finschii, Piprisoma, 521.modesta, Piprisoma, 521.pallescens, Piprisoma, 4, 521.remotum, Piprisoma, 521.modestus, Otus sunia, 149.Prionochilus, 521.modiglianii, Gerygone modiglianii, 459,460.modiglianii modiglianii, Gerygone, 459,460.pectoralis, Gerygone, 459.Molpastes atricapillus klossi, 384.aurigaster germaini, 391,aurigaster thais, 391.cafer chrysorrhoides, 384,cafer klossi, 384.moluccensis lepta, Pitta, 259,moluccensis. Pitta, 258, 259.Turdus, 258.Monarcha caesia, 467.mongolus atrifrons, Charadrius, 87, 88.mongolus, Charadius, 88.mongolus, Charadrius, 88.Charadrius mongolus, 88.moniliger bakeri, Garrulax, 319, 320.fuscata, Garrulax, 319, 320.leucops, Anthipes, 455.moniliger, Garrulax, 320.mouhoti, Garrulax, .319, .320.moniliger, Garrulax moniliger, 320.montana, Hypothymis azurea, 4, 461.montanus malaccensis. Passer, 533.montanus, Pericrocotus Solaris, 271.Monticola gularis, 417.rufiventris, 415.solitaria affinis, 416, 417.solitaria pandoo, 415, 416.solitaria philippensis, 415.monticolus burmanicus, Caprimulgus,155.monticolus, Rhopodytes tristis, 136.montis, Dryobates analis, 224.Motacilla alba baicalensis, 470.alba ocularis, 470, 471.alboides, 471.baicalensis, 470.calliope, 404.certhiola, 421.cervina, 475.cinerea caspica, 472.cyane, 399.cyanurus, 404.dukhuensis, 471.flava simillima, 472.gularis, 348.indica, 474.leucop.sis, 471.lugubris alboides, 471.lugubris leucopsis, 471.ocularis, 470.schistaceus, 401.tiphia, 366.Motacillidae, 470.mouhoti, Buchanga, 281.Dicrurus leucophaeus, 280, 281.Garrulax, 320.Garrulax moniliger, 319, 320. INDEX 565 moultoui, Ophrydornis albogularis, 341.muelleri, Erythromyias, 458.Muscicapa, 458.Oreicola dumetoria, 458.mugimaki, Muscicapa, 458.Polioniyias, 458.mulleri, Brachyurus, 260.Hemilophus, 240.Pitta sordida, 260.Mulloripicus feddeni, 242.pulverulentus harterti, 240.pulveruleutus pulverulentus, 239.Munia acuticauda, 528.atricapilla atricapilla, 527, 528.atricapilla rubrouigra, 527.atricapilla sinensis, 527, 528.leucogastra leucogastra, 531.leucogastra leucogastrioides, 531.maja rnaja, 527.puuctulata fretensis, 531.punctulata nisoria, 531.punctulata topela, 530.sinensis, 528.striata acuticauda, 528, 529.striata subsquamicollis, 529.striata swinlioei, 530.topela, 530.murati, Carpodacus, 534.Carpodacus erythrinus, 534.murgbi, Gallus gallus, 72.Muscadivores aeneus aeneus, 109, 110,111.aeneus sylvaticus, 110.Muscicapa aedon, 430.albicilla, 446.capitalis, 483.concreta, 447.cyanea, 301.hirundinacea, 484,latirostris, 446.muelleri, 458.mugimaki, 458.obscura, 484.picata, 483.pyrhoptera, 468.rosea, 272.rufigastra. 452.sibirica, 444.thalassina, 470.zanthopygia, 460.Muscicapella hodgsoni hodgsoni, 454.hodgsoni sodaica, 455.Muscicapidae, 444.Muscicapula melanoleuca, 459.molanoleuca melanoleuca, 459.melanoleuca westermanni, 459.sapphira, 458.tickelliae indochlna, 450.tickelliae sumatrensis, 450.Muscipeta incei, 466.Muscisylvia leucura, 405.Muscitrea grisola butaloides, 485.grisola grisola, 484.musicus, Lanius, 407.Penthoceryx sonneratii, 128.muticus, Pavo, 73.Mycerobas melanoxanthus, 533. Myioplioneus crassirostris, 419.eugenei, 418.stonei, 418.Myiotlieru caerulea, 256.Myophouus caeruleus, 418, 420.caeruleus caeruleus, 419.caeruleus imniansuetus, 420.caeruleus rileyi, 417.crassirostris, 4, 418, 419.eugenei, 417, 418, 419, 420.eugenei eugenei, 418.temminckii, 418, 419, 420.temminckii changensis, 4, 419.temminckii rileyi, 417.Myristicivora bicolor bicolor, 112.myrmecophoneus dehrae, Picus, 213.myrmecophoneus, Picus, 213.myrmecophoneus, Picus, 213.myrtha, Strix leptogrammica, 145.mystacalis, Aethopyga, 498.mystacoplianes ampala, Chotorea, 203.aurantiifrons, Cyanops, 202.humei, Chotorea, 203.mystacophanes, Chotorea, 202.mystacophanes, Bucco, 202.Chotorea mystacophanes, 202.Myzanthe ignipectus, 514. nagaensis, Sitta, 315.Sitta europaea, 315.nangka, Brachypteryx leucophris, 4^398.Heteroxenicus, 4, 398.Nannocnus cinnamomeus, 33, 34.eurythmus, 15, 33, 34.nanus auritus, Yungipicus, 225.canicapillus, Yungipicus, 224, 226.Napothera epilepidota bakeri, 336.epilepidota granti, 336.griseigularis, 335.nebuluria, Scolopax, 90.nebula rius. Glottis, 90.Nectarinia calcostetha, 496.dabryii, 498.flammaxillaris, 502.(v. Anthreptes) frontalis, 504?ignita, 513.phayrei, 501.seheriae, 497.temminckii, 497.Nectariniidae, 496.ueglecta, Dissoura episcopus, 36.Sitta, 315.Sitta castanea, .315.Volvocivora, 276.Volvocivora neglecta, 276.neglecta ueglecta, Volvocivora, 276.neglectus, Ilarpactes diardii, 165, 166iPericrocotus brevirostris, 270.Pyrotrogon, 165.nemoricola, Sturiiia, 490.Sturnia malabarica, 490.Nemura hodgsoni, 454.Neohierax inslgnis cinereicep.s, 58.insignis insignis, 59.Nettion crecca, 40.newarensis laotianus, Strix, 145. 566 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM niasensis, Callolophus miniatus, 219.Strix lepto.mammica, 145.nicoltarica, Calocnas nicobarica, 112.Coluniba, 112.nicobarica iiicobarica, Caloenas, 112.pelewensi-s, Caloenas, 112.niger, Cryptonyx, 61.Hydrocorax, 22.Phalacrocorax, 22.Turdus, 276.nigra borneen.sis, Melanoperdix, 61.brunnescens, Lalage, 276.nigra, I>alago, 276.nigra, Melanoperdix, 61.nigra, Lalage nigra, 276.Melanoperdix nigra, 61.nigrescens, Mieroscelis, 379.nigricans, Alcedo, 172.Alcedo euryzonia, 172.nigricapitata, Brachypteryx, 331.nigricapitatus, Drymocataphus nigri-capitatus, 331.nigricapitatus, Drymocataphus,331.nyctilanipis, Drymocataphus, 331.nigriceps coltarti, Stachyris, 344.davisoni. Stachyris, 344, 345.dipora, Stachyris, 16, 344, 345.longicaudatus, Lanius, 479.nigriceps, Lanius, 480.nigriceps, Lanius nigriceps, 480.nigriceps, Stachyris nigriceps, 344, 345.nigricollis erythronotus, Stachyris, 345.nigricollis, Gracula, 491.Gracupica, 491.nigrigenis, Gecinus, 215.I'icus erythropygius, 215.Tiigrolineata, Rallina, 78.Zapornia, 78.Niltava davidi davidi, 457.davidi lychnis, 457. _grandis decipiens, 456.grandis grandis, 456.grandis nobilis, 4, 456.macgrigoriae, 457.oatesi, 456.smithi, 4, 456. - sundara denotata, 455.vivida, 457.vivida oatesi, 4, 456.vivida sumatrana, 457.vivida vivida, 457.williaminae, 457.Ninox burmanica, 152.scutulata burmanica, 152.iiipaleu.se vividuni, Pellorneum, 330.uipalensis, Aceros, 195.Aethopyga nipalensis, 500.Brachypteryx, 399.Bubo. 147.Buceros, 195.Cutia, 361.Cutia nipalensis, 361.Hirundo, 267.Hirundo daurica, 267.Huhua, 147. nipalensis, Spizaetus, 50.Toria, 106.Treron curvirostra, 106.nipalensis angkanensis, Aethopyga, 4,498, 500.annamensis, Alcippe, 352.australis, Aethopyga, 5U1.eremita, Alcippe, 4, 352.foldensis, Nisaetus, 49.fokiensis, Spizaetus, 49.fratercula, Alcippe, 351, 352.nipalensis, Aethopyga, 500.nipalensis, Cutia, 361.peracen.sis, Alcippe, 351, 352.Nisaetus, 52.Nisaetus alboniger, 50.cirrhatus limnaetus, 50, 51.nipalensis fokiensLs, 49.nisicolor, Cuculus, 125.Hierococcyx fugax, 125.nisoides, Accipiter, 48.Accipiter gularis, 48.nisoria, Munia punctulata, 531.nitidus nitidus, Phylloscopus, 434.plumbeitarsus, Phylloscopus, 434.saturatus, Acanthopneuste, 434.viridanus, Phylloscopus, 434.nitidus, Orthotomus, 424.Orthotomus atrogularis, 424.Phylloscopus nitidus, 434.nobilis, Niltava grandis, 4, 456.Noctua tubiger, 151.nuchalis, Anthreptes, 503.Pomatorhinus, 323, 324.Pomatorhinus schisticeps, 323, 324,325.juichalis klossi, Pomatorhinus, 325.Numenius arquata orientalis, 89.orientalis, 89.phaeopus variegatus, 89.nycthemerus ripponi, Gennaeus, 69.nycticorax. Ardea, 31.Nycticorax nycticorax, 31.Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax. 31.nyctilampi.s Drymocataphus nigricapi-tatus, 331.Nyctiornis athertoni, 184.riyctiphasma. Strix leptogrammica, 145.Nyroca baeri, 42.oatesi bolovenensis. Pitta, 256.castaneiceps. Pitta, 256.oatesi. Pitta, 255.oatesi. Garrulus leucotis, 309.Hydrornis, 255.Niltava, 4.56.Niltava vivida, 4, 456.Pitta oatesi, 255.Siva cyanouroptera, 358.obscura. Anthocichla phayrii, 255.Muscicapa, 484.obscurata, Ducula badia, 109.obscurus obscurus, Turdus, 410.obscurus, Turdus, 410.Turdus obscurus, 410.observandus, Cirropicus puniceus, 218. IXDEX 567 occipitalis coronatiis, Phylloscopus,435.ochracea reichenowi, Sasia, 243.ochraceiceps ochraceiceps, Pomato-rhinus, 325, 326.ochraceiceps, Pomatorliimis. 326.Pomatorbinus ochraceiceps, 325,326.ochraceus^ Criniger, 373, 374.Criniger ochraceus, 374.ochraceus ochraceus, Criniger, 374.sacculatus, Criniger, 375.ochromalus, Eurylaimus, 247.Eurylaimus ochromalus, 247.ochromalus kalamantan, Eurylaimus,247.mecistus, Eurylaimus, 247.ochromalus, Eurylaimus, 247.ochropus, Tringa, 91.ocularis, Motacilla, 470.Motacilla alba, 470, 471.oculea, Caloperdix oculea, 66.Perdix, 66.oculea oculea, Caloperdix, 66.Oedicnemis magnirostris, 97.Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis, 116.ogilvie-granti, Phylloscopus flavo-oliva-ceus, 436.olax arismiora, Dendrophassa, 105.olax, Dendrophassa, 105.olax, Columba. 105.Dendrophassa olax, 105.Olcyornis, 400.olivacea cinnamomeoventris, lole, 376,378.olivacea, lole, 376, 377, 378.olivacea, Khinomyias, 468.propinqua, lole, 377.olivacea, lole, 376.lole olivacea, 376, 377, 378.Rhinomyias olivacea, 468.Tropicojierdix chloropus, 65.olivaceuni, Dicaeum, .''>18.Dicaeum concolor, 518.olivaceus, Cyornis, 468.Drymocataphus tickelli, 332.Microtarsus. 394.Pomatorbinus, 324.Pomatorbinus olivaceus, 324.Pomatorbinus scbisticeps, 324.olivaceus olivaceus, Pomatorbinus, 324.omeiensis, Liocichla, 323.oorti, Cyanops, 207.Ophrydornis albogularis albogularis,341.albogularis moultoni, 341.Oreicola dumetoria dumetoria, 458.dumetoria mnelleri, 458.ferroa haringtoni, 400.Oreocincla aurea, 413, 414.aurea aurea, 413.aureus angustirostris, 414.dauma dauma, 413.dauma socia, 413.horsefieldi, 414.borsfieldi affinis, 15, 414.borsfieldi horstieldi, 414. Oreopneuste armandi, 431.fuscata altaica, 432.oreskios dulitensis, Harpactes, 168.oreskios, Harpactes, 168.uniformis, Harpactes, l(i7.iniiformis, Pyrotrogon. 167.oreskios, Harpactes oreskios, 168.orientalis, Acrocepbalus arundinaceus,421, 430.Coracias, 187.Culicicapa ceylonensis, 469.Eury.stomus orientalis, 187.Glareola maldivannn, 98.Merops orientalis, 181.Mesobucco duvaugli, 207.Mezobucco duvaucelii, 207.Numenius, 89.Numenius arquata, 89.Pomatorbinus ferruginosus, 325.Salicaria turdina, 421.Siva sordidior, 359.Strix, 145.Strix orientalis, 145.orientalis birmanus, Merops, 180.caloynx, Eurystomus, 188.meena, Streptopelia, 116.orientali.s, Eurystomus, 187.orientalis, Merops, ISl.orientalis, Strix, 145.seloputo, Strix, 145.Oriolidae, 294.Oriolus chinensis diffusus, 294, 295.chinensis tenuirostris, 295.diffusus, 294.luteolus thaicaous, 295.mellianus, 298.sinensis, 489.tenuirostris, 295.trailii, 299.trailii mellianus, 298.trailii robinsoni, 298.trailii trailii, 297.xanthonotus, 290.xanthonotus xanthonotus, 296.xanthornus, 295.xanthornus xanthornus, 295.ornata beliobleta, Cinnyris, 16, 503.ornatus, Cyrtostomus, 503.Oroecetes gularis, 417.orrhophaeus, Harpactes orrhophaeus,166.Pyrotrogon, 166.orrhophaeus orrhophaeus, Harpactes.166.Orthorhampbus magnirostris, 97.Ortbotomus atrogularis, 424.atrogularis atrogularis, 424, 425.atrogularis eumelas, 425.atrogularis humphrcysi, 425.atrogularis nitidus, 424.cineraceus, 426.cineraceus cagayanensis, 427.flaviventris, 441.maculicollis, 423.nitidus, 424.ruticeps, 425. 568 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMOrthotonius rnficeps ruficeps, 426.sepium, 426.sericeus hesperius, 425.sericeus sericeus, 426.sutorius maculicollis, 423, 425.oryzivora, Loxia, 526.Paclda, 526.oscitans, Aiiastomus, 35.Ardea, 35.Otocompsa dispar, 388.flaviventris, 388.flaviventris flaviventris, 386, 387.flaviventris minor, 387, 388.jocosa emeria, 386.jooosa erytlirotis, 385.jocosa jocosa, 386.johnsoni, 17, 387, 388.personata, 390.Otus balcl\anioena condorensis, 149.balvkamoena lempiji, 148.bal^lcanioena lettia, 147, 149.sagittatus, 150.sunia malayanus, 149.sunia modestiis, 149.pacificus cooki, Cypseliis, 158.cooki, Micropus, 158.Padda oryzivora, 526.pageli, Ketupa ketupn, 147.Pagoa leschenaultii, 88.Palaeornis enpataria siamensis, 118.finscln, 119.pallasii, Alcedo atthis, 170.pallescoiis, Piprisoma modesta, 4, 521.pallis buriiianicu, Heterophasia, 356.caiia, IIottTophasia, 4, 356.cana, Sibia, 4, 356.liicaoides, Sibia, 356.picaoidos, Sibia picaoides, 356.picata, Musc'icapa, 483.picatns, Hemipus, 4S3, 484.Pioidae, 210.Pic'ummis iinioininatiis nuilayorum, 243.Piciis alratus. 223.canento, 239.oanicapillu.s, 224.caniis lu'sstn, 214.eainis robinsoni, 214.crawfnrdi, 243.erythropysins erythropygius, 215.erythropygins nigrigeiiis, 215.guttacristatiis, 235.hyperythrus, 223.(Tiga) intermedins, 233.javanensis. 233.javensis, 241.nialaocensis, 219.iiiyniieoopboneus, 213.niyriuecophoneiis dehrae, 213.mvrmecophoneus myrmecoplioneiis,213.pnlverulentus, 239.pyrrbotis, 226.squamigularis, 232.striolatus, 213.viridamis, 212, 213.viridaims meridianus, 212.vittatus, 213.vittatus oonnectens, 212.vittatus eisenboferi, 210, 212, 213.vittatus vittatus, 212.xaiithopygius, 213.pierrei, Chrysophlegma, 221.Chrysopblegma (lavinucha, 221.pileata, Alecdo, 177.Halcyon, 177.Prinia, 348.Sterna, 102.pileata bengalensis, Timalia, 327.intermedia, Timalia. 327.pileatus, Anous stolidus, 102.pintadeanufj, Franooliiuis phayrei, 60.Francolinus pintadeanus, 60.pintadeainis pbayrei, Francolinus, 60.pintadeanus, Francolinus, 60.Pipastes maculatus, 475.Piprisoma modesta flnschii, 521.modesta modesta, 521.modesta pallescens, 4, 521,modesta remotum, 521. Pisobia minuta, 94. ;ruflcollis, 94.snbminuta, 95.temminckli, 95.Pitta caerulea caerulea, 256.caerulea hosei, 257.coccinea, 200.cucullata, 200.cucullata abbotti, 260.cucullata bangkana, 260.cucullata cucullata, 260.cyanea, 257.cyanea aurantiaca, 257.cyanea cyanea, 257.cyanea willoughbyi, 257.granatina coccinea, 260.granatina granatina, 260.gnrneyi, 261.irena, 261.megarhyncha, 259.moluccensis, 258, 259.moluccensis lepta. 259.oatesi bolovenensis, 256.oatesi castaneiceps, 256.oatesi oatesi, 255.sordida niulh-ri, 200.sordida sanghirana, 261.sordida sordida, 261.Pittidae, 255.platurus, Dicrurus. 293.Dissemurus paradiseus, 292, 293.Platylophus galericulatus ardesiacus^485.galericulatus galericulatus, 486.Platyryncbus albicollis, 463.Platysmurus, 310.I'latysniurus leucopterus, 309.I'legadidae, 37.plexus, Budytes flavus, 473.Kudytes tbnnbergi, 472. 473.Ploceella bypoxantba chrysaea, 526,bypoxantlia bypoxantba, 526.Ploceidae, 524.Pl()c(>us cbrysaeus, 526.nianyar manyar, 525.manyjir peguensis, 525.l)as.'rinus infortunatus, 524.pbilippinus burmanicus. 525.pbilippinus infortunatus, 524.plotus, Pelecanus, 21.Snla leucogaster, 21.plumbeitarsus, Pbylloscopus, 434.Phylloscopns nitidus, 434.plumosus cbiropletbis, Pycnonotus, 393.insula ris, Pycnonotus. 393.plumosus, Pycnonotus, 393.porpbyreus. Pycnonotus, 393.plumosus, Pycnonotus, 303.Pycnonotus phunosus." 393.Pluvialis dominicus fulvus, 86.Pnoepyga pusilla barterti, 398.pusilla pusilla, 398.luisillus. 398.S(iuaniata. .398.Podargidae, 153. INDEX 571Podargiis stellatus, 153.Podica personata, 82.pogjiei. Poliocoithalus rufiooUis, 20.poioicophala haringtoniae, AU-ippo, 852.niagnirostris, Alcippe. 352, 353.Poliliierax insignis cinerek'eps, 58.poliiiotus, Serilophiis lunatu.s, 252.poliocephala diluta, Stat-hyris, 34G.polioeopliala, Gallinula, 81.poliocephalus poliocephalus, Porphyrio,81, 82.poliocephalus, Porphyrio poliocephalus.81, 82.Poliocephalus ruficoUis albipennis, 20.ruflcoUis poggei, 20.Poliomyias nuigiinaki, 458.Poliopsar caml)udianus, 492.poliopsis, Accipiter badius, 46.Microiiisus, 46.Polyplectron bicalcaratum, 73.bicalcaratum bailyi, 73.bicalcaratum bicalcaratum, 72.germaini, 73.malaccensis, 73.Pomatorhinus brevirostris, 326.ferruginosus mariae, 325.ferruginosus orientalis, 325.hypoleucus hypoleucus, 326.hypoleucus laotianus, 326.hypoleucus tickelli, 326, 327.mariae, 325.nuchalis, 323, 324.nuchalis klossi, 325.ochraceiceps, 326.ochraceiceps ochraceiceps, 325, 326.olivaceus, 324.olivaceus olivaceus, 324.ripponi, 324.schisticeps fastidiosus, 324.schisticeps klossi, 323. 325.schisticeps nuchalis, 323, 324, 325.schisticeps olivaceus, 324.tickelli laotianus, 326.pondiceriana thai, Tephrodornis, 483.pondicerianus thai, Tephrodornis, 483.pontius, Psittinus cyanurus, 122.porphyreus, Pycnonotus plumosus, 393.Porphyrio edwardsi, 82.poliocephalus poliocephalus, 81, 82.viridis, 81, 82.Porzana amauroptera, 78.pusilla pusilla, 79.praetermis.sa, Deiidrophassa bisincta,103.Treron bisincta, 103.praeterniissus, Thereicervx faiosti-ictus,201.Praticola ruI)icoIa stcjnegeri, 400.Prinia beavani, 428.blanfordi, 443.blythi, 443.blythi herberti, 442. 443.exter. 443, 444.flaviventris. 444.flaviventris flaviventris, 441. Prinia flaviventris ralflesi, 442.gracilis, 427.iuornata, 443.inornata blanfordi, 441.iuornata exter, 443.inornata herbeti, 442.inornata inornata, 443.pileata, 348.rufesceus, 428.Prionochilus macula tus sejitentrionalis,.520.modestus, 521.Prionopidae, 481.prophata, Hypothymis azurea, 460, 462..propiiupia, lole olivacea, 377.propinqnus, Criniger, 377.Dryonastes, 317.Carrnlax chinensis, 317.Psarisomus dalhousiae borneensis, 252,dalhousiae cyanicauda, 4, 253.dalhousiae dalhousiae, 2.52.dalhousiae psittacinus, 2.52, 253.psaroides concolor, Microscelis, 379.psaroides, Microscelis, 379.Pseudibis davi.soni, 37, 38.Pseudogyps bengalensis, 54.Pseudominla castaneceps castaneceps356.castaneceps soror, 356.Pseudornis dicruroides, 131.I'silorhiiuis magnirostris, 303.Psittacidae, 118.psittacinus, Psarisomus dalhousiae, 252;253.Psittacula alexandri alexandri, 121.alexandri fa.sciata, 120.cyanocephala bengalensis, 119.eupatria siamensis, 118.himalayana finschi, 119.longicauda, 13.longicauda longicauda, 121.Psittacus bengalensis, 119.cyanurus, 121.fascia tus, 120. ;longicauda, 121.vernalis, 122.Psittinus abbotti, 122.cyanurus cyanurus, 121.cyanurus pontius, 122.Psittiparus gularis fokiensis, 310.gularis laotiana, 310.gularis Iranslluvialis, 310.Pteruthius aenoharI)us acnobarbus, 363.aenobarbus indochinen.sis, 363.aenobarbus intermedius. 363.aenobarbus laotianus, 363.aeralatus, 362, 363.aeralatus aeralatus, 362.aeralatus annamensis, 362.aeralatus camera noi. 363.aeralatus ricketti, 362.flaviscapis, 362.ptilorhynchus, Falco, 45.Pernis apivorus, 45. 572 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMptilosus, Macronus, 354.Macroinis ptilosus, 354.ptilosus minor, Macronus, 354.ptilosus, Macronus, 354.reclusus, Macronus, 354.puella, Coracias, 300.Irena puella, 300.puella criniger, Ireua, 302.malayensis, Irena, 301.puella, Irena, 300.pulcliella amabilis, Lacedo, 180.pulchclla, Lacedo, 180.pulcliella, Dacelo, ISO.Lacedo pulchella, 180.pulcher, Phylloscopus, 432.Phylloscopus pulcher, 432.pulcher pulcher, Phylloscopus, 432.pulchra, Athene, 150.Athene bi'ama, 150.pulverulentus harterti, MuUeripicus,240.pulverulentus, Mnlleripicus, 239.pulverulentus, IMulleripicus pulverulen-tus, 239.Picus, 239.punctulata fretensis, Munia, 531.nisoria, Munia, 531.topela, Munia, 530.punicea, Colum'ba, 113.puniceus, Cirropicus puniceus, 218.Columba (Alsocomus), 113.puniceus continentus, Brachylophus,217. -continentis, Cirropicus, 217.observandus, Cirropicus, 218.puniceus, Cirropicus, 218.purpurea manilensis, Ardea, 24.manilensis. Pyrrherodia, 24.pusilla, Araehnothera, 511.Emberiza, 535.Pnoepyga pusilla, 398.Porzana pusilla, 79.Sterna albifrons, 101.pusilla harterti, Pnoepyga, 398.pusilla, Pnoepyga, 398.pusilla, Porzana. 79.pusillus. Pnoepyga, 398.Pvcnonotus, 396.Rallus, 79.Pycnonotidae, 364.Pycnonotus aurigaster germaini, 391.aurigaster thais, 391.blanfordi blanfordi, 394.hlanfordi robinsoni, 393.bnumeus. 395, 396.brunneus brunneus, 395.cyaniventris, .392.cyaniventris cyaniventris, 392.erytbrophthalmos erythrophthal-mos, 396.ervthrophthalmos salvadorii, 396.finlnysoni. 391.finlaysoni finlaysoni, 391.goiavier analis, 390.goiavicr personata, 390.liMiuanus. 381.plumosus, 393. Pycnonotus plumosus chiroplethsis, 393.plumosus insularis, 393.plumosus plumosus, 393.plumosus porphyreus, 393.pusillus, 396.robinsoni, 393.simplex, 394, 395, 396.simplex perplexus, 395.simplex simplex, 394.pyrhoptera, Muscicapa, 468.Philentoma, 468.Philentoma pyrhoptera, 468.l)yrhoptera pyrhoptera, Philentoma,468.])yro]iotus, Houppifer, 70.Pyrotrogou erythrocephalus klossi, 164.kasumba impavidus, 166.neglectus, 165.oreskios uniformis, 167.orrhophaeus, 166.Pyrrherodia purpurea manilensis, 24.jtyrrhotis annamensis, Blythipicus, 226.cameroni, Blythipicus, 226.hainanus, Blythipicus, 226.pyrrhotis. Blythipicus, 226.sinen.sis, Blythipicus, 226.pyrrhotis, Blythipicus pyrrhotis, 226,Picus, 226.querquedula. Anas, 40.Querquedula, 40.Querquedula querquedula, 40.querulus, Cacomantis, 126.Cacomantis meruliuus, 126. raddei, Capella gallinago, 93.Scolopax (Gallinago) gallinago, 93.rafflesi borneonensis, Chloropicoides,222.peninsularis, Chloropicoides, 222.peninsularis, Gauropicoides, 222.ralllesi, Chloropicoides, 222.ralHesi, Chloropicoides rafiiesi, 222.Prinia tlaviventris, 442.rafflesii borneensis, Chotorea, 204.malayensis, Chotorea, 203.ralllesii, Chotorea, 204.rafllesii, Chotorea rafflesii, 204.Kallidae, 76.Uallina fascia ta, 77, 78, 79.nigrolineata, 78.Itallus albiventris, 76.benghalensis, 84.fasciatus, 77.paykullii, 79.pusillus, 79.superciliaris, 78.Ilamphalcyon aniauroptera, 173.capensis, 174.capensis burmanica, 174, 176.capensis liydrophila, 16, 175.capensis nialaccensis, 174, 175.ramsayi, Cyanops franklini, 205.Megalaema, 205.n INDEX 573 rangoouensis, Dissemurus paradiseus,291.Edolius, 291.reclusus, Macronus ptilosus, 354.rectirostris, Ardea, 2.3.Ardea cinerea, 23.Recurvirostridae, 96.regiiloides claudiae, Phylloscopus, 435.reguloides, Phylloscopus, 435.reguloides, Phyllopneuste, 435.Phylloscopus reguloides, 435.Regulus inornatus, 433.rcichenowi, Sasia ochracea, 243.religiosa, Gracula, 486, 487.Gracula religiosa, 486, 488.religiosa intermedia. Gracula, 487.religiosa, Gracula, 486, 488.remifer latispatula, Bhringa, 287.lofoli, Bhringa, 289.peracensis, Bhringa, 288.tectirostris, Bhringa, 287, 288.remotum, Piprisoma modesta, 521.renauldi, Carpococcyx, 142.rex-pineti. Graucalus javensis, 277.Rhapidura leucopygialis, 161.rhinoceros borneoensis, Buceros, 190.rhinoceros, Buceros, 190.silvestris, Buceros, 190.rhinoceros, Buceros, 190.Buceros rhinoceros, 190.Rhluomyias, 469.Rhinomyias olivacea olivacea, 468.Rhinoplax vigil, 197.Rhinortha chlorophaea chlorophaea,139.chlorophaea fuscigularis, 140.Rhipidura albicollis albicoUis, 4, 463.albicollis atrata, 464.albicollis celsa, 4, 463, 464.albicollis cinerescens, 464.hypoxantha, 463.javanica longicauda, 463.longicauda, 463.perlata, 464.Rhizothera longirostris dulitensis, 61.longirostris longirostris, 60.rhodolaema aenea, Anthreptes, 506.rhodolaema, Anthreptes, 506.rhodolaema, Anthreptes, 506.Anthreptes rhodolaema, 506.Rhodophila ferrea haringtoni, 400.Rhopodytes diardi borneensis, 137.diardi diardi, 136.sumatranus, 137, 138.sumatranus minor, 138.tristis longicaudatus, 135.tristis monticolus, 136.tristis tristis, 136.Rhyacophilus glareola, 91.Rhyticeros, 194.subruflcollis, 194.undulatus, 193, 195.richardi, Anthus, 476.Anthus richardi, 476.richardi lugubris, Anthus, 477.malnyensis, Anthus, 476.richardi, Anthus, 476. richmondi, Lamprocorax panayensis,489.ricketti, Chrysophlegma flavinucha, 222.Pteruthius aeralatus, 362.rileyi, Myophonus caeruleus, 417.Myophonus temminckii, 417.Strix indranee, 144.Riparia chinensis chinensis, 264.chiuensis tantilla, 264.ripponi, Gennaeus, 69.Gennaeus nycthemerus. 69.Liocichla ripponi, 322.Pomatorhinus, 324.Trochalopterum, 322.ripponi ripponi, Liocichla, 322.wellsi, Liocichla, 323.robini, Urocissa flavirostris, 304.robinsoui, Collocalia lowi, 162, 163.Cyanops duvaceli, 208.Gallus gallus, 71.Oriolus trailii, 298.Picus canus, 214.Pycnonotus, 393.Pycnonotus blanfordi, 393.I'obusta, Arachnothera, 509.Arachnothera robusta, 509.Ceyx, 173.Cyanecula suecica, 403.Cyanosylvia suecica, 403.robusta robusta, Arachnothera, 509.robustus, Phylloscopus fuscatus, 432.rodgeri, Cirropicus chlorolophus, 217.RoUulus roulroul, 66.rosa, Harpactes erythrocephalus, 164.rosea, Muscicapa, 272.roseatus, Carpodacus erythrinus, 534.roseus, Pelecanus, 20.Pericrocotus roseus, 272.roseus roseus, Pericrocotus, 272.Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis,84.Rostratulidae, 84.rostratum, Aethostoma rostratum, 341,Trichastoma, 341.rostratum rostratum, Aethostoma, 341.rolhschildi, Cochoa, 420.Hemiclielidon sibirica, 444.Serilophus lunatus, 251.roulroul, Phasianus, 66.Rollulus, 66.rubeculoides chersonesites, Cyornis, 15,450.dialilaema, Cyornis, 451, 4.54.glaucicomans, Cyornis, 450, 451,454.rubeculoides, Cyornis, 449, 450.rublcola stejnegeri, Praticola, 400.rubiginosus, Blythipicus rubiginosus,227.Hemicircus, 227.rubiginosus parvus, Blythipicus, 227.rubiginosus, Blythipicus, 227.Rubigula johnsoni, 388.rubricapilla connectens, Mixornis, 349.rubritorquis, Bucco, 206.rubronigra, Muuia atricapilla, 527.33527?38- -37 574 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM rnbropygialis, Dinopinm jiivanense, 234.rubropygium, Dicaeiuu! trigonostigmum,516.rudis insignis, Ceryle, 1G9.leiicoinelanara, Cerylo, 169.rufa kiniieari, Dendrocitta, 806.sakeratcnsis, Dendrocilta, 306.rnfa, Lophnra, 70.riiiesceiis. Fraiiklinia rnfescens, 428.Prinia, 428.nifescen.s rnfescens, Fraukliiiia, 428.ruficapilla, Hydrocichla, 403.i-uficapillus, Enlciirus, 403.ruficeps assimilis, Macropygia, 117.rulk'ops, Orthotomus. 426.sniithi, Pellonioum, 330.subochracenm, rellornenni, 329,vividinn, Pollornenm, 330.rnflcops, Edela, 426.Oi(hotomus, 425.Ortbotouuis ruflceps, 426.ruficollis albipennis. Poliocepbalus, 20.])i\ggei, I'olioceplialus, 20.ruficollis, Pisobia, 94.Trynga, 94.rufidorsa, Ceyx, 173.nifidorsus, Ceyx rnfidorsns, 173.riifidorsus rnfidorsns, Ceyx, 173.rnfifrons iiidocbinensis, llorizillas, 556.indochinensis, IMalacoruis, 340.rnfifrons, Malacornis, 340.rnfifrons, ]\Lalacornis rnfifrons, 340.rnfigastra beccariana, Cyornis, 453.indoobina, Cyornis, 449.rnligaslra, Cyornis, 452, 454.rnfigastra, Cyornis ruflgastra, 452, 451.Mnsciapa. 452.rufiventris, Monticola, 415.Potrocincla, 415.rnfognlaris, Antlins, 475.rufognlaris tickclli, Arborophila, 62.rnfnlus torqnatns, Gampsorhyuchus,328.rufns. Corvns, 307.Pbasianus, 70.rustica gnttnralis, Ilirnndo, 265.rnsticola rusticola, Scolopax, 93.rusticola, Scolopax, 93.Scolopax rnsticola, 93.rutberfordi, Spilornis, 56.rutila, Emberiza, 535. saba. Chrysophlognia bnniii, 220.sababonsis, Terpsiphone, 4. 467.saccnlatns, Criniger ocbracens, 375.sacra, Ardea, 30.Deniiegretta, 30.sagittatns, Epbialtes, 150.Otns, 150.sakeratensis, Dendrocitta rnfa, 306.Dendrocitta vagabnnda, 300.salangae, Criniger, 375.salangensis. Dicrnrns lencogenis, 283.Salicaria tnrdina oriontalis, 421. salvadorli, Pycnonotus erythrophthal-nios, 396.salwinensis, Abrornis snperciliaris, 438,sanghirana, Pitta sordida, 261.saugninipecta, Aethopyga, 499.Aetbopyga sanguinipecta, 499.sangninipecta sangninipeeta, Aetbopy-ga, 499.wrayi, Aetbopyga, 499.sangninolontum, Dicaenm, 514.sangninolontus. Calorampbns, 198.sappbira, Mnscicapnla, 458.Sarcidiornis melanota, 39.Sarcogyps calvns, 54.Sasia abnormis abnormis, 245.abnorniis everetti, 244.everetti, 244.ocbracea roicbenowi, 243.saturata, Aetbopyga, 499.Leioptila annectens, 357.Lioptila, 357.Upnpa epops, 189.satnratior, Callisitta frontalis, 314.Ganipsorbyncbns, 328.Sitta, 314.saturatns, Acantbopnonste nitidns, 434.Cercbneis tinnnncnlus, 59.Tlnnnncnlus, 59.saularis, Copsvcbus sanlaris, 406, 407.Cxracnla, 406, 407.saularis eplialus, Copsychus, 407.erimelas, Copsycbus, 406.baliblectns, Copsycbus, 15, 406.sanlaris, Copsycbus, 406. 407.saundersi. Sterna, 100.Sterna albifrons, 15, 100.Sauropatis cbloris arnistrougi, 178.cbloris liumii, 179.saxatilis, Cursonia crispifrons, 333.Saxicola caprata burinanica, 400.torqnata stejnegeri, 400.Scaeorbyncbns gularis transfluvialis,310.scbierbrandi, Volvocivora fimbriata,276.schistaceiis, Enicurus, 402.I]nicnrus scbistaceus, 401.Motacilla, 401.scbistaceus lencoscbistns, EnicnrTis,401.scbistaceus, Enicurus, 401.scbisticeps fastidiosus, Pomatorhinus,324.klossi, Poniatorlvinns, 323. 325.nucbalis, Pomatorbinus, 323, 324,325.olivaceus. Pomatorbinus, 324.scbwaneri, Abrornis, 439.Abroscopns snperciliaris, 439.scbwarzi, Herbivocula, 431.Sylvia, 431.scintillans, Alcedo nieninting, 171, 172.scolopacea cbinensis, Eudynaniys, 134.nialayana, Eudynaniys, 133.Scolopacidae, 89. INDEXScolopax falciuellus, i)G.(Gallinago) gallintvgo raddei, 93.nebiilaria, 90.rusticola, 93.rusticola rusticola, 93.steiuira, 92.testacoa, 90.Scops lompiji, 148.lettia, 147.malayauus, 149.scutulata bui-manica, Niiiox, 152.seheriae, Aetliopyga .siparaja, 497.Nectarinia, 497.Seicei'cus burkii intenuodius, 437.burkii teplirocepliaius, 437, 438.castaniceps aniiameiisis, 438.castauiceps castaniceps, 438.castaniceps sinensis, 438.seloputo, Strix oriontalis, 145.semipalmatus, Limnodromus, 92.Macrorliamphus, 92.sepiaria. Malacocincla, 343.sepium, Orthotomus, 426.septentrionaiis, Charitociris maculata,520.Cbloropsis cyanopogon, 373.Prionochilns niaculatus, 520.sepulcralis, Cacomantis sepulcralis,126.Cnculns, 126.sepulcralis sepulcralis, Cacomantis,126.sericeus besperius, Orthotomus, 425.sericeus, Ortliotomus, 426.sericeus, Ortliotomus sericeus, 426.Serilopbus luuatus elisabethae, 251.lunatiis intensus, 252.lunatus lunatus, 250.lunatus polinotus, 252.lunatus rothschildi, 251.lunatus stolidus, 250, 251.Setaria albogularis, 341.lepidocephala, 340.severus, Falco, 59.Falco severus, 59.severus severus, Falco, 59.shanensis, Certhia discolor, 316.sharpei, Ceyx, 173.Gcnnaeus, 67.Gennaeus lineatus, 67.Trocbalopteron niilnei, 322.Trocbaloi)terum, 322.sharpii, Antigone antigone, 76.Gennaeus lineatus, 69.Grus (Antigone), 76.siamensis. Alseonax latirostris, 446.Caprimulgns asiaticus, 150.Dicaeum cruentatiuu, 513.Graucalus .iavensis, 277.Graucalus macei, 277.Lanius bypoleucus, 478.Palaeornis eupataria, 118.Psittacula eupatria, 118.siberu, Calyptomena viridis, 255.Sibia picaoides cana, 4, 350.picaoides picaoides, 356. sibiriea fuliginosa, Hemichelidon, 445.roihschildi, Ileniichelidon, 444.sibiriea, Hemichelidon, 444, 445.sibiriea, Hemichelidon sibiriea, 444,445.Muscicapa, 444.silvestris, Buceros rhinoceros, 190.simillima, Motacilla flava, 472.simillimus, Budytes flavus, 472.simplex, Anthreptes simplex, 504.Pycnonotus, 394, 395, 396.Pycnonotus simplex, 394.Zosterops, 524.simplex frontalis, Anthreptes, 504.perplexus. Pycnonotus, 395.simplex, Anthreptes, 504.simplex, Pycnonotus, 394.simplicior, Anthreptes, 504.williamsoni, Zosterops. 524.simplicior, Anthreptes simplex, 504.sinensis, Ardea, 32.Blythipicus pyrrhotis, 226.Centropus sinensis, 140.Enicurus lescbenaulti, 402.Hirundo, 264.Ixobryclius, 34.Ixobrychus sinensis, 32.Munia, 528.Munia atricapilla, 527, 528.Oriolus, 489.Parus, 328.Pelecanus, 22.Pbalacrocorax carbo, 22.Seicercus castaniceps, 438.Sterna, 101.Sterna albifrons, 101.Sturnia, 489.Zosterops, 524.Zosterops japonica, 523, 524.sinensis intermedins, Centropus, 140.major, Chrysomma, 328.sinensis, Centropus, 140.sinensis, Chrysomma, 328.sinensis, Ixobrychus, 32.singalensis, Chalcoparia singalensis,512.singalensis interposita, Chalcoparia,512.koratensis, Chalcoparia, 511.singalensis, Chalcoparia, 512.singapurensis, Aegithina tiphia, 367.sintaugensis, Krimnochelidon concolor,264.siparaja, Aetbopyga siparaja, 496.C^n-thia, 496.siparaja cara, Aethopyga, 496, 498.heliotis, Aethopyga, 16.seheriae, Aethopyga, 497.siparaja, Aethopyga, 496.Siphia hainana, 448.parva albicilla, 446.strophiata, 417.strophlata fuscogularis, 447.strophiata strophiata, 447.styani, 461.sumatrensis, 449. 576 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUMSitta castanea cinnamovontris, 315.castaiiea uoglecta, 315.enropaea najraeusis, 315.frontalis, 313.magna, 315, 316.nagaensis, 315.neglocta, 315.saturatior, 314.Sittidae, 313.Siva castanicanda, 358.cyanouioplera oyanouroptera, 358.cyanouroptera oatcsi, 3.58.cyanouropteni sordida, 359.cyanonroptera sordidior, 359.sordidioi", 359.sordidior orientalis, 359.sordidior sordidior, 359.atricula castanicanda, 358.dcrignla malayana, 358.strignla ynnnanensis, 358.smithi, Niltava, 4, 4.56.Pellornenm, 4, 330.I'ellornonni rnficeps, 330.smitlui tilifera, Hirundo, 2u7.smyrnensis fokion.sis. Halcyon, 176.fusca, Halcyon, 176.socia, Oreocincla dauma, 413.sodaica, Mnscicapella liodgsoni, 455.Solaris griseigularis, I'ericrocotns. 270.inandarinns, Pericrocotus, 270.montanus, Pericrocotus, 271.Solaris, Pericrocotus, 270.Solaris, Pericrocotus, 270.Pericrocotus Solaris, 270.solitaria affinis, Monticola, 416, 417.malayana, Anlliipes, 455.pandoo, Monricola, 415, 416.philippensis, Monticola, 415.sonnerati, Chloropsis sonnerati, 372.sonnerati malayaiuis, Pentlioceryx, 127.sonnerati, Chloropsis, 372.viriditectus, Chloropsis, 372.zosterops, Chloropsis, 372.sonneratii, Cucidus, 127.Penthoceryx sonneratii. 127.sonneratii fasciolatus, Penthoceryx, 128.musicus, Penthoceryx, 12S.sonneratii, Penthoceryx, 127.sordida mulleri, Pitta, 260.sanghirana. Pitta, 261.sordida, Pitta, 261.sordida. Pitta sordida, 261.Siva cyanouroptera, 359.sordidior orientalis, Siva, 359.sordidior, Siva, 359.sordidior, Siva, 359.Siva cyanouroptera, 359.Siva sordidior, 359.sordidus, Criniger, 15, 374.Dondropicus, 238.Hem i circus concretus, 23S.Xanthixus flavescens, 385.soror, P.seudomiida castaneceps, 356.sparverioides, Cuculus, 123.Hierococcyx sparverioides, 123.sparverioides sparverioides, Hiero-coccyx, 123. Spatula clypeata, 41.speciosa, Ardeola, 28, 29.Ardeola speciosa, 29.speciosa continentalis, Ardeola, 28.speciosa, Ardeola, 29.Sphenocercus sphonurus sphenurus, 108.sphenurus yunnaneusis, 108.sphenura, Vinago, 108.sphenurus sphenurus, Sphenocercus,108.yunnanensis, Sphenocercus. 108.sphenurus, Sphenocei-cus sphenurus,108.spilonotus subviridis, Machlophus, 312.Spilornis bacha, 56.cheela bassus, 56, 57.cheela malayensis, 56.pallidus, 56.rutherfordi, 56.Spizaetus nipalensis, 50.nipalensis fokiensis, 49.spodiogaster, Butorides javanicus, 26.squamata, Pnoepyga, 398.Squamatornis squamata, 390.squamata squamata. Squamatornis, 390.webberi, Squamatornis, 3S9.Squamatornis squamata squamata, 390.squamata webberi, 389.squamicollis, Uroloncha, 530.squamigularis, Micropternus brachyu-rus. 232.Picus, 232.squatarola, Squatarola, 85.Tringa, 85.Squatarola squatarola, 85.Stachyridopsis chrysaea assimilis, 347.chrysaea chrysops, 347.sulphurea, 350.Stachyris. 344.assimilis, 347.chrysops, 15. 347.leucotis goodsoni, 344.leucotis leucotis, 344.maculata pectoralis, 346.nigriceps coltarti, 344.nigriceps davisoni. 344, 345.nigriceps dipora, 16, 344, 345.nigricollis erythronotus, 345.poiiocephala diluta, 346.stagnatilis, Totanus. 90.Staphidia striata striata, 357.steerii, Liocichla, 323.stejnegeri, Praticola rubicola, 400.Saxicola torquata, 400.stellatns, Rafrachostomus, 153, 154.Podargus. 153.stenura, Capella. 92, 93.Scolopax, 92.Sterna albifrons pusilla, 101.albifrons saundersi, 15, 100.albifrons sinensis, 101.anaetheta anaetheta, 100.anaethetus. 100.hirundo tibetaua, 99, 100.javanica, 99.leucoptera, 99.longipeuuis, 100. INDEX 577 sterna pileata, 102.sauiKlersi, 1(!0.sinensis, 101.tibetana, 99.stolidus pileatus, Anons, 102.stolicUis, Seriloplius lunatus, 250, 2.")1.stonei, Myiophonens, 418.strepitans, Garrulax. 321.Streptopolia cliinensis tigrina, 114.orientalis meena, IIG.striata acuticanda, Mnnia, 528, 529.albiventris, Hypotaenidia, 76.gularis, Hypotaenidia, 77.striata, Geopelia, 117.striata, Staphidia, 357.subsquauiicollis, Mnnia, 529.subsqnamicollis Uroloucha, 529.swinhoei, Munia, 530.striata, Columba, 117.Corythociclila brevicaudata, 335.Geopelia striata, 117.Kenopia, 354.Staphidia striata, 357.Timalia, 354.striatns, Alcnrns, 383.Ixulus. 357.Trichophorns, 383.striatus connectens, Butorides, 25.strictus chersonesus, Clirysocolaptes,236.gnttacrlstatus, Chrysocolaptes, 235.strictus, Chrysocolaptes, 236.strictus, Chrysocolaptes strictus, 236.Strigidae, 144.strigula castanicauda, Siva, 358.malayana, Siva, 358.yunnanensis, Siva, 358.striolata guttata, Thiingorhina, 343.striolata, Hirundo, 267.striolatus, Picus, 213.Strix indranee barteisi, 144.indranee laotiana, 144, 145.indranee maingayi, 144, 145.indranee rileyi, 144.javanica, 142.leptogrammica, 144, 145.leptogrammica leptogrammica, 145.leptogrammica myrtha, 145.leptogrammica niasensis, 145.leptogrammica nyctiphasma, 145.newarensis laotianus, 145.orientalis, 14.5.orientalis orientalis, 14.5.orientalis selnputo, 145.strophiata fuscogijlaris, Siphia, 447.strophinta, Sipliia, 447.strophiata, Siphia, 447.Siphia strophiata, 447.stuarti. Mosobucco diivauccli, 208.Mezobucco duvaucelii, 208.Sturnia malabarica nemoricola, 490.nemoricola, 490.sinensis, 489.Sturnidae, 486.sturnina, Agropsar, 490.Gracula, 490. Sturnopastor contra flower!, 495.contra superciliaris, 495.floweri, 495.Sturnus zeylanicus, 389.styani, Chrysophlegma flavinucha, 222.Hypothymis azurea, 461, 462.Siphia, 461.subafBnis, Phaeoradina, 432.Phylloscopus, 432.subfurcatus, Cypselus, 159.Micropus afflnis, 159.subminuta, Pisobia, 95.Tringa, 95.submoniliger, Anthipes, 455.subochraceum, Pellorneum, 329, 330.Pellorneum ruficeps, 329.subruficollis, Buceros, 194.Rhyticeros, 194.subsqnamicollis, Munia striata, 529.Urocloncha striata, 529.subviridis, Machlophus spilonotus, 312.Parus, 312.suecica robusta, Cyanecula, 403.robusta, Cyanosylvia, 403.suffusus, lyugipicus canicapillus, 225.sula, Sula, 21.Sula leucogaster plotus, 21.sula, 21.Sulidae, 21.sulphurea, INIixornis gularis, 349, 350.Stachyridopsis, 350.sultanea flavocristata, Melanochlora,313.sultanea, Melanochlora, 312.sultanea, Melanochlora sultanea, 312.sultaneus, Parus, 312.suluensis, Macropicus javensis, 242.sumatrana, Ardea, 24.Ardea sumatrana, 24.Niltava vivida, 457.sumatrana minor, Mixornis, 350.sumatrana, Ardea, 24.sumatranus brunnesceus, Corydon, 249.coeligenus, Merops, 182.laoensis, Corydon, 247.minor, Rhopodytes, 138.sumatranus, Corydon, 249.sumatranus, Corydon, 249.Corydon sumatranus, 249.Cuculus, 137.Harjiactes diardii, 165.Merops, 182.Merops viridis, 182, 183.Rhopodytes, 137, 1.38.sumatrensis, Cyornis tickelliae, 449, 454.(Jraucalus, 278.Muscicapula tickelliae, 450.Siphia, 449.sumntrensis messeris, Artamides, 278.messeris, Gniucalus, 10, 278.sundara denotata, Niltava, 455.sunia malayanus, Otus, 149.modestns, Otus, 149.superciliaris, Abrornis, 438.Abroscopus superciliaris, 438, 439.superciliaris llaviventris, Abroscopus,439.klossi, Suya, 441. 578 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM superciliai'is salwinensis, Abrornis, 438.schwa iieri, Abroscopus, 439.superciliaris, Abroscopus, 438, 439.superciliai'is, Suya, 440.superciliaris, Rallus, 78.Sturnopastor contra, 495.Suya, 440.Suya superciliaris, 440superciliosus, Lanius, 480.Lanius cristatus, 480.Suriiiculus lugubris barussarum, 132.lugubris brachyurus, 132.lugubris dicruroicles, 131.lugubris lugubris, 132.suscitator atrogularis, Turnis, 76.interrumpeus, Turnix, 75, 76.sutorious maculicoUis, Ortbotomus, 423,425.Suya crinigera cooki, 441.superciliaris, 440.superciliaris klossi, 441.sviperciliaris superciliaris, 440.swinhoei, Munia striata, 530.Uroloncha, 530.sylvatica, Columba, 110.sylvaticus, Muscadivores aeneus, 110.Sylvia lanceolata, 422.schv/arzi, 431.Sylviidae, 421.Syrnium maingayi, 144.Tachybaptes albipennis, 20.taczanowskia, Micropalama, 92.tahanensis, Mesia argentauris, 364.taivanus, Budytos, 473.Budytes flavus, 473.tanki blanfordii, Turnix, 74.tanki, Turnix, 75.tanki, Turnix tanki, 75.Tantalus leucocephalus, 35.variegatus, 89.tantilla, Kiparia chiuensis, 264.Tchitrea, 465.afBnis, 465.affinis indocliinensis, 465.tectirostris, Bhringa reniifer, 287, 288.temia, Corvus, 307.Crypsirina, 307.teinminckii, Aethopyga, 497.Lyncornis, 156.Myoplionus, 418, 419, 420.Nectarinia, 497.Pisobia, 95.Tringa, 95.temminckii changensis, Myophonus, 4,419.rileyi, Myophonus, 417.temminkii, Trogon, 160.tenellipes, Phylloscopus, 436.Teutheca polvica, 481.tenuirostris, Anteliotringa, 94.Oriolus, 295.Oriolus chinensis, 295.Totauus, 94.tephrocephalus. Culicipeta, 437.Seicorcus burkii, 437, 438. Tephrodornis grisola, 484.gularis annecteus, 482.gularis frotensis, 482.gularis gularis, 482.gularis pelvica, 481.pelvica annectens, 482.pelvicus vernayi, 481, 482.pondiceriaua thai, 483.pondicerianus thai, 483.tephrogenys annamensis. Criniger, 374.grandis, Criniger, 374.henrici, Criniger, 374.tephrogenys, Criniger, 373.tephrogenys, Criniger, 376.Criniger tephrogenys, 373.Trichophorus, 373.Terpsiphone, 465.affinis, 466.affinis affinis, 465, 466.affinis indochinensis, 465, 467.atrocaudata atrocaudata, 467.Incei incei, 466.paradisi, 465.periophthahnica, 467.sababensis, 4, 467.testacea, Erolia. 96.Scolopax, 96.Tetrao chinensis, 62.thai, Dicrurus macrocercus, 279.Tephrodornis pondiceriana, 483.Tephrodornis pondicerianus, 483.thaicaous, Oriolus luteolus, 295.thais, Molpastes aurigaster, 391.Phyllergates cucuUatus, 440.Pycnonotus aurigaster, 391.Thalasseus bergii edwardsi, 101,thalassina, Eumyias thalassina, 470.Muscicapa, 470.thalassina thalassina, Eumyias, 470.Thauniatibis gigantea, 38.Thereicervx faiostrictus faiostrictus,201.faiostrictus praetermissus, 201.lineatus hodgsoni. 200.lineatus intermedins, 199, 201.lineatus lineatus, 200.theresiae, Coracias affinis, 187.thoinpsoni, Cerasophila, 380.thoracica, Dumeticola, 422.Dnmeticola thoracica, 422.thoracica thoracica, Dumeticola, 422.threnodes, Cacomantis meruliuus, 126.Thringorhina, 344.Thringorhina striolata guttata, 313.thunbergi, Budytes. 474.thnnbergi plexus. Budytes, 472, 473.libetaua. Sterna, 99.Sterna hirundo, 99, 100.tibetanus, Parus major, 311.tickelli, Arboricola, 62.Aiborophila rufogularis, 62.Dryniocalaphus tickelli, 332.Hypsipetes, 381.Ixos macclellnndi, 381, 382.Pellorneura, 332.Pomatorhinus hypoleucus, 326, 327. IXDEX 579 tickelli anstralis, Drymocataphus, 332.laotiamis, Poniatovhimis, 326.olivaceus, Drymocataphus, 332.tickelli, Drymocataphus, 332.tickelliao, Cyornis, 451.tickelliae glaucicomans, Cyornis, 450.Indochina, Muscicapula, 450.sumatrensis, Cyornis, 449, 454.sumatrensis, Muscicapula, 450.tigrina, Columba, 114.Streptopelia cliinensis, 114.tigriuus, Lanius, 481.Timalia erythronotus, 345.erythroptera, 347.gularis, 348.leucotis, 344.pectoralis, 346.pileata bengalensis, 327.pileata intermedia, 327.striata, 354.Tinvalildae, 317.tinnuuculus saturatus, Cerchneis, 59.Tinnunculus saturatus, 59.tiphia, Aegithina tiphia, 366.Motacilla, 3G6.tiphia micromelaena, Aegithina, 367.singapurensis, Aegithina, 367.tiphia, Aegithina, 366.tonkinensis, Tropicoperdix charltoni, 65.topela, Munia, 530.Munia punctulata, 530.Toria nipalensis, 106.torquata stejnegeri, Saxicola, 400.torquatus, Acridotheres, 493.Aethiopsar fuscus, 493.Gampsorhynchus, 328.Garapsorhynchus rufulns, 328.torquilla cliinensis, lynx, 245.harterti, Jynx, 245.intermedia, Jynx, 245.japonica, Jynx, 245.pallidior, Jynx, 245.torquilla, Jynx, 245.totaiius eurhinus, Totanus, 89.Totanus stagnatilis, 90.tenuirostris, 94.totanus eurhinus, 89.Trachycomus zeylanicus, 389.ti'ailii mellianus, Oriolus. 298.robinsoni, Oriolus, 298.trailii trailil, Oriolus, 297.trailii, Oriolus, 299.Oriolus trailii, 297.Pastor, 297.trangensis, Cyanops franklini, 16. 205.tranquebarica huniilis, Oenopopelia, 116.tran.sfluvialis, Psittiparus gularis, 310.Scaeorhynchus gularis, 310.Treron bisincta praetermissa, 103.curvi rostra, 100.curvirostra curvirostra, 105.curvirostra nipalensis, 106.griseicapilla, 104.magnirostris. 107.viridifrons, 102.Tricha stoma affine, 339.rostratum, 341. Tricholestes criniger criniger, 378.Trichophorus stria tus, 383.tephrogenys, 873.tricolor, Kittacincla malabarica, 409.Turdus, 409.tridactyla, Alcedo, 172.trigonostigma, Certhia, 516.trigonostigmum, Dicaeum trigonostig-mum, 516.trigonostigmum rubropygium, Dicaeum,.516.trigonostigmum. Dicaeum, 516.Tringa chirurgus, 83.glareola, 91.hypoleucos. 91.ochropus, 91.squatarola, 85.subminuta, 05.temminckii, 95.Tripsurus auritus, 225.tristis. Acridotheres tristis, 493.Meiglvptes tristis, 228.Melias, 1.36.Paradisea, 493.Rhopodytes tristis, 136.tristis grammithorax, Meiglyptes. 227.longicaudatus, Rhopodytes, 135.micropterus, Meiglyptes, 22S.monticolus, Rhopodytes, 136.tristis, Acridotheres, 493.tristis, INIeiglyptes, 228.tristis, Rhopodytes, 136.trivirgata, Lophosjiiza, 49.Trochalopteron, 323.erythrocephalum, 322.melanostigma connectens, 322.melanostigma melanostigma, 322..milnei indochinensis, 322.milnei milnei, 322.milnei sharpei, 322.milnei vitryi, 322.Trochalopterum phoenicea, 323.phoenicea bakeri, 323.ripponi, 322.sharpei, 322.trochiloides, Acanthiza, 435.Phylloscopus, 435.trochiloides claudiae, Acanthopneuste,-435.Troglodytidae, 398.Trogon duvaucelii, 167.erythrocephalus, 163.fasciatus, 166.kasumba, 106.macula tus, 130.temminkii, 166.Trogonidae, 103.Tropicoperdix charltoni charltoni, 64?charltcini graydoni, 65.charltoni tonkinensis, 65.clilorop'.is chlorojnis, 65.cld(jr(ipus cognac(ii, 66.chloropus olivacea, 65.Trynga ruflcollis. 94.tschebaiewi. Calliope, 404.tubiger. Glaucidium brodiei, 151.Xoctua, 151. 580 BULLETIN 17 2, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM tiikki bniniiens, Meiglyptes, 228.tukki, Meiglyptes, 229.tukki, Meiglyptes tukki, 229.Turdidae, 398.turdiua orientalis, Salicaria, 421.Turdinulus bakeri, 336.brevicaudatus venningi, 334.granti, 15, 336.huniei, 336.Turdiniis guttatus, 343.maciodactylus bakeri, 337.macrodactyhis macrodactylus, 337.Turdiis ambiguus, 311.atriceps, 396.aureus angustirostris, 414.avensis, 412.eitrinus, 411.cocbinchinensi.s, 370.dauma, 413.diardi, 317.interpres, 412.moluccensis, 258.niger, 276.obscurus, 410.obscurus obscurus, 410.philippensis, 415.tricolor, 409.Turnicidae, 74.Turnix blanfordii, 74.suscitator atrogularis, 76.suscitator interrumpens, 75, 76.tanki blanfordii, 74.tanki tanki, 75. "Turtur meena, 116.tusalia, Columba (Macropygia), 116.Macropygia unchall, 116.Tyto alba javanica, 142.Tytonidae, 142. umbratilo, Dicaeum, 4, 515.iinchall, Macropygia uncball, 116.tinchall unchall, Macropygia, 116.tusalia, Macropygia, 116.undulatus, Bucero.s, 193.Rhyticeros, 193. 195.unicolor, Cyornis, 453.Cyornis unicolor, 453, 454.?unicolor barterti, Cyornis, 453.unicolor, Cyornis, 453, 454.uniformis, Harpactes oreskios, 167,Pyrotrogon oreskios, 167.XJpupa epops longirostris, 189.epops saturata, 189.longirostris, 189.XJpupidae, 189.nrbica cashmeriensis, Delichon, 263.Urocissa erythrorbvncha erytbrorhyn-cha, .303, 301erythrorhyncha niagnirostris, 303,304.flavirostris, .304.flavirostris robini, 304.Urococcyx erytbrognatbu.s borneensis,139.erythrognathus erythrognathus, 138. Uroloncha acuticauda lepidota, 16, 529.squamicollis, 530.striata subsquamicollis, 529.swinboei, 530.vagabunda, Coracias, 307.vagabunda kinneari, Dendrocitta, 306.sakeratensis, Dendrocitta, 306.vagans, Cuculus, 125.Hierococcyx, 125.validus, Chrysocolaptes validus, 237.validus validus, Chrysocolaptes, 237.xanthopygius, Chrysocolaptes, 237.Vanga flaviventris, 380.varians longipennis, Crypsirhina, 307.variegatus, Numenius phaeopus, 89.Tantalus, 89.velata caesia, Philentoma, 467.velata, Drymophila, 467.venningi, Corythocichla brevicaudata,334.Turdinulus brevicaudatus, 334.ventralis, Charadrius, 85.vernalis, Loriculus vornalis, 122.Psittacus, 122.vernalis vernalis, Loriculus, 122.vernans abbotti, Dendrophassa, 15, 104.griseicapilla, Dendrophassa, 104.vernayi, Tephrodornis pelvicus, 481,482.vestita amechana, CoUocalia, 163.vicinia, Zosterops palpebrosa, 4, 523.vigil, Buceros, 197.Rhinoplax, 197.Vinago sphenura, 108.virens, Bucco, 198.^Megalaima virens, 198.virens magnifica, Mogalaima, 199.marshallorura, Megalaima, 199.virens, Megalaima, 198.virescens cinnaniomeoventris, lole, 376.virgatus, Accipiter, 47.viridanus meridianus, Picus, 212.viridanus, Phylloscopus nitidus, 434.Picus, 212, 213.viridifi-ons, Crocopus phoenicopterus,102.Treron, 102.viridis aniericanus, Morops, 183.birnianus, Meroi)s, ISO.continontis, Calyptomena, 254.siberu, Calyptomena, 255.sumatranus. Morops, 182, 183.viridis, Calyptomena, 2.")5.viridis, Geciiuilus, 222.viridis, Merops, 183.viridis, Calyptomena viridis, 2.55.Cochoa, 420.Gecinulus, 222.Gecinulns viridis, 222.Jlerops, 183.Merops viridis, 183.Porphyrio, 81, 82.viridissima, Aegithina viridissima, 368. .Jora, 368.viridissima viridissima, Aegithina, 368.viriditectus, Chloropsis sonuerati, 372. INDEX 581 vitryi, Troelialoptoron miliiei, 322.vittatus conuecteiis, Geciuus, 212.connectens, Picns, 212.eisenhoferi, Picus, 210, 212, 213.vittatus, Picus, 212.vittatus, Picus, 213.Picus vittatu.s, 212.Vivia inuominata innominata, 243,iniiomiuata innlayorum, 243.vivida, Niltava, 457.Niltava vivida, 457.Xautliiscus fiavescens, 384.vivida oatesi, Niltava, 4, 456.sumatrana, Niltava, 457.vivida, Niltava, 457.vividum, Pellorneum uipalense, 380.Pellorneum ruficeps, 33U.vividus, Pericrocotus ciuuamoineus, 271.Pericrocotus peregrinus, 271.Xantliixus flavescens, 384, 385.vociferus, Elaiius caeruleus, 42.Falco, 42.Volvocivora avensis, 275.flmbriata culiuinata, 275.fimbriata flmbriata, 276.flmbriata scliierbrandi, 276.intermedia, 273.koratensis, 273, 274.melanoptera, 273.melaschistos, 274, 275.neglecta, 276.neglecta neglecta, 276.Vultur bengalensis, 54.ealvus, 54. webberi, Ixidia, 389.Squamatornis squamata, 389.weberi, Gecinus, 212.wellsi, Liocichla ripponi, 323.westermauni, Muscicapula melanoleuca,459.whiteheadi, Erytlirocichlia bicolor, 341.whitei caeruleifrons, Cyornis, 451, 454.wbitei, Cyornis, 451, 452, 454.wliitei, Cyornis, 451, 452.Cvornis whitei, 451, 452, 454.williaminae, Niltava, 457.williamsoni, Micropternus brachyurus,231, 232.Mirafra cantillans, 262.Mirafra javanica, 262.Zosterops palpebrosa, 522.Zosterops simplex, 524.willoughbyi. Pitta cyanea, 257.wrayi, Aethopyga, 500.Aethopyga sanguinipecta, 499.Brachypteryx, 399.Chrysophlegma flavinucha, 222.Xanthiscus flavescens vivida, 384.Xantliixus flavescens flavescens, 385.flavescens sordidus, 385.flavescens vividus, 384, 385.xanthogaster, Pericrocotus flanuneus,269. Xantholaema haemacephala delica. 210.liaeniacephala liaemacer)hala, 210.haemacephala iiidica, 209.haemacephala lutea, 210.xantholeuca caneseens, Erpornis, 361.interposita, Herpornis, 360.xauthonotus, Oriolus, 296.Oriolus xanthonotus, 296.xanthonotus xanthonotus, Oriolus, 296.Xanthopygia zanthopygia, 460.xanthopygius, Chrysocolaptes, 237.Chrysocolaptes validus, 237.Picus, 213.xanthorhynchus, Chalcites, 128.Chalcites xanthorhynchus, 128.Cuculus, 128.xanthorhynchus xanthorhynchus. Chal-cites, 128.xauthornus, Oriolus, 295.Oriolus xanthornus, 295.xanthornus xauthornus, Oriolus, 295.xanthotis, Aethorhyuchus lafresuayei,360.yamakanensis, Harpactes erythroce-phalus, 164.Yungipicus nanus auritus, 225.nanus canicapillus, 224, 226.yuunanensis, Alcippe, 351.Siva strigula, 358.Spheuocercus sphenurus, 108.Zanclostomus javanicus javanicus, 135.javanicus pallidus, 134.zantholeuca, Erpornis, 359.Erpornis zantholeuca, 359, 360.zantholeuca caneseens, Erpornis, 361.interposita, Erpornis, 360.zantholeuca, Erpornis, 359, 360.zanthopygia, Muscicapa, 400Xanthopygia, 460.Zapornia nigrolineata, 78.zeylanicus, Sturnus, 389.Trachycomus, 389.Zoothera marginata, 415.marginata marginata, 415.marginata parva, 415.Zosteropidae, 522.zosterops, Chloropsis, 372.Chloropsis sonnerati, 372.Zosterops aureiventer, 523.aureiventer aureiventer, 523.japonica, 524.japonica sinensis, 523, 524.japonicus, 524.palpebrosa, 524.palpebrosa cacharensis, 4, 523.palpebrosa palpabrosa, 522, 523..palpebrosa vicinia, 4, 523.palpebrosa williamsoni, 522,simplex, 524.simplex williamsoni, 524.sinensis, 524.o >4l?l ?,M"H. ^SMS^: