PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
issued H^^lVvl \)?M1 ^y '^?
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONU. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
Vol. 102 Washington: 1952 No. 3297A NEW CRAYFISH FROM ALABAMA, WITH NOTESON PROCAMBARUS LECONTEI (HAGEN)By HoRTON H. HoBBs, Jr.The combined ranges of the members of the Blandingii section ofthe genus Procamharus, excluding mountainous areas, extend fromMexico to Massachusetts, and from Florida to Ohio and Minnesota.The new species described herein is found in a region in which themembers of this section have shown the greatest degree of speciation(i. e., in the southeastern part of the United States). Since thespecies is represented in my collection by only six specimens, takenfrom the type locality, little is known of its habits and variation,and its range can be postulated only in terms of the known distribu-tion of its close relatives, which presumably have similar habitatpreferences. On the basis of the latter it seems probable that it isconfined to the Tallapoosa River and its tributaries.Procamharus lecontei (Hagen, 1870, p. 47) has never been ade-quately diagnosed, and the published figures (first pleopods, antennalscale, and epistome by Hagen, 1870, and dorsal aspect by Faxon,1885a) are inadequate and not entirely accurate. Furthermore, sinceits original description there has been considerable confusion asto its range. In addition to presenting a revised diagnosis ofP. lecontei and illustrating the diagnostic features, I am includinga bibliography of the species and summarizing its known range.I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. E. C. Raney, R. D. Suttkus,and J. Kezer, of Cornell University, for the gift of the specimenson which the new species is based, as well as to others, mentioned inconnection with collection data, who have assisted in collectingspecimens of P. lecontei.967611-52 200
210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 102Abbreviations used to indicate repositories of specimens are asfollows
:
HHH, my personal collection at the University of Virginia. Notethat the date collected may be obtained from the catalog nmnber
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6-1649-2a, specimens were collected on June 16, 1949.MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology.TU, Tulane University.U.S.N.M., United States National Museum.Genus PROCAMBARUS OrtmannCamharus Oktmann, 1905b, p. 437.PROCAMBARUS LECONTEI (Hagren)Figure 81Camharus lecontei Hagen, 1870, pp. 10, 45-47, 48,' 52, 97,' 106,' 107 (pp. 100, 101,and 106 not lecpntei), figs. 15, 18, 145.?Creaseb, 1934, p. 4.?Faxon, 1884,pp. 110, 137 ; 1885a, pp. 17, 19, 22, 24, 29-30,' 31, 32, 33, 158,' 167,' 168,' 173,pi. 2, fig. 2 ; 1885b, p. 358 ; 1914, p. 413.?Hafjiis, 1903, pp. 58,' 107,' 138,' 144,151 (pp. 143 and 152 not lecontei) .?UxY , 1899, pp. 959, 963.?Ortmann, 1902,p. 277 ; 1905a, pp. 102, 129.Procamharus lecontei Hobbs, 1942b, p. 342 (by implication) ; 1942c, pp. 94, 95, 98.Diagnosis.?Rostrum with lateral spines; areola moderately broadwith four or five punctations in narrowest part; cephalothoraxgranulate laterally, punctate dorsally ; a single lateral spine present oneach side of carapace. Male with hooks on ischiopodites of thirdand fourth pereiopods ; palm of chela of first-form male not beardedbut bearing a row of seven to nine tubercles on inner margin; post-orbital ridges terminating cephalad in spines. First pleoj)od of first-form male with no marked hump on cephalic surface but with anoticeable "knob" on lateral surface opposite the caudal process;tip terminates in four distinct parts (of which all except caudal proc-ess are directed caudad at approximately a right angle to main shaftof appendage) : mesial process long, slender, subcylindrical, non-corneous, lies considerably proximad of and extends much farthercaudad than the other terminal elements ; cephalic process moderatelyshort, compressed, corneous, and somewhat hoods the more prominentcentral projection; caudal process slender, somewhat flattened,corneous, lies proximad of the central projection, and is directed atabout a 45? angle to the main shaft of the appendage; central projec-tion compressed, corneous, beaklike, and extends slightly farthercaudad than either cephalic or caudal processes. Annulus ventralisas in fig. 81, d^ decidedly broader than long with a prominent raisedarea on cephalolateral (dextral or sinistral) side of sinus; sternumimmediately cephalad of annulus with multituberculate prominenceswhich extend caudad to cover a portion of annulus.
^ In part, excluding records from. Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, and North Carolina.
A NEW CRAYFISH FROM ALABAMA?HOBBS 21
Figure 81.
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Procamharus lecontei (Hagen), from Moores Creek, 8 miles southwest of Mobileon United States Highway 90, Mobile County, Ala.: a, Mesial view of first pleopod ofmale, form I; b, lateral view of carapace of male, form I; c, lateral view of first pleopod ofTnale, form I; d, annulus ventralis; e, mesial view of first pleopod of male, form I;/, lateralview of first pleopod of male, form I; g, epistome of male, form I; h, basipodites and ischio-podites of third and fourth pereiopods of male, form I; i, dorsal view of carapace of male,form I; /, mesial view of first pleopod of male, form II; k, antennal scale of male, form I;/, lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II; m, upper view of chela of male, form I.a= Mesial process; b= cephalic process; d= caudal process; z= central projection.Pubescence removed from all structures illustrated except m.
212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 102Specimens examined.?Alabama : Mobile Cowrity^ MCZ No. 217,Mobile (types) (1 5 1, 2 5 5 II, 7 9 9 ) ; MCZ No. 4958, Mobile (types)(1 5 I) ; HHH No. 6-1649-2a, Clear Creek, 4.7 miles east of Semmes[R. D. Suttkus, C. F. Cole, and R. H. Gibbs] (1 5 I, 1 ? ) ; HHH No.6-340-lb, 5.6 miles east of Irvington [L. Berner, C. Benton, and HHH](1 ^ 1, 1 ,^ II, 1 9 ) ; HHH No. 6-340-9c, 2.5 miles south of Bucks [LB,CB, and HHH] (19); HHH No. 6-240-5b, 3.5 miles south of Irving-ton [LB, CB, and HHH] (2 5 5 I, 2 5 5 II, 1 5 imm.) ; HHH No.6-240-2a, 3.8 miles west of Grand Bay [LB, CB, and HHH] (1 $ I) ;HHH No. 6-140-9a, 15 miles southwest of Mobile [LB, CB, andHHH] (15 I); HHH No. 6-140-8a, 8 miles southwest of Mobile[LB, CB, and HHH] {2$ 5 I, 1 5 II, 2 9 9,29 9 imm.) ; MCZ (nonumber). Mobile (1^1 dry).Mississippi: Stone County., HHH No. 6-1649-1, 16.6 miles east ofWiggins [RDS, CFC, and RHG] (1 ^ II, 2 9 9 ) ; in collection ofGeorge H. Penn, Jr., Tulane University, TU. No. 1233, 16 miles eastof Wiggins (6/8/49) (2 5 5 II, 1 9 ).Remarks.?Faxon (1885a, p. 30) has discussed the locality recordscited by Hagen (1870, p. 48), and has indicated that only the speci-mens mentioned by the latter that were collected from Mobile, Ala.,belong to Procamhanis lecontei? Following his discussion of Hagen'slocality records he stated that "besides the Mobile types, I have foundbut one other specimen of this species in the Museum, a young femalein a jar with G. spicidifer (Cat. No. 172), from Athens, Ga." I haveexamined this specimen, which is in a poor state of preservation,and am uncertain as to its identity, but even if it should prove to belecontei there is every reason to doubt the reliability of the label.I have collected on several occasions in the vicinity of Athens, andhave received numerous collections made by Dr. Donald C. Scottfrom that region, and neither of us has found P. lecontei. In fact,only two species belonging to the genus Procanibarus have been foundin the Athens region: P. spicidifer (LeConte, 1856, p. 401) and P.pubescens (Faxon, 1884, p. 109). Furthermore, no other specimen oflecontei has been reported east of Mobile County, Ala. Thus P.lecontei is known only from the southwestern part of Alabama andthe southeastern part of Mississippi, where it is found in tributariesof the Mobile and Pascagoula Rivers.PROCAMBARUS VERRUCOSUS, new speciesFigure 82Diagnosis.?Rostrum with small lateral spines or tubercles, whichset off the acumen from basal portion ; areola moderately narrow with
* I may add that the specimens from Pensacola, Pla., which Faxon stated were notlecontei but of which he made no specific determination, are Procamiarus evermanni(Faxon, 1890, p. 620) [MCZ No. 249].
A NEW CRAYFISH FROM ALABAMA?HOBBS 213three punctations in narrowest part; ceplialothorax markedly granu-late laterally and in the caudal portion of the areola; a single lateralspine present on each side of carapace. Male with hooks on ischi-opodites of third and fourth pereiopods; palm of chela of first-formmale not bearded but bearing a row of seven to nine tubercles alonginner margin; postorbital ridges terminating cephalad in spines.First pleopod of first-form male with a rounded hump on cephalicmargin near distal end, and terminating in four distinct parts: Thenoncorneous mesial process prominent, acute, and extends caudodistad,and laterad of the otlier tenninal elements ; the small, corneous, acutelytriangular cephalic process arises from middistal end of appendage;caudal process corneous, and flattened cephalocauclad, corneous, sub-triangular, and concave in caudal aspect, and closely applied tocaudolateral surface of central projection ; central projection corne-ous, slender, and terminating bluntly, directed caudodistad as arecephalic and caudal processes. Annulus ventralis as in figure 82, d^and sternum immediately cephalad of annulus w^ith multituberculateprominences, which extend caudad to cover portion of annulus.Holotypic male^ fortn I.?Body subovate, somewhat compressedlaterally; abdomen narrower than thorax (12.9-14.6 mm. in widestparts, respectively) ; width of carapace slightly less than depth inregion of caudoclorsal margin of cervical groove (14.6-15.0 mm.).Areola moderately narrow, about 7.3 times longer than broad withthree punctations in narrowest part, caudal third granulate ; cephalicsection of carapace about 2.1 times as long as areola (length of areolaabout 31.9 percent of entire length of carapace)
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Margins of rostrum gently converging cephalad, and terminatingat base of acumen in a small acute tubercle on each side ; acumen notupturned ; rostrum excavate above and without swollen margins, andstudded with many inconspicuous setae arising from very minutepunctations.Postorbital ridges grooved laterally, and terminating cephalad inacute spines ; subrostral ridges moderately well developed, but evidentin dorsal aspect only at base; suborbital angle small and obtuse;branchiostegal spine well defined and acute; sides of carapace withan acute spine on each side. Surface of carapace granulate except forcephalodorsal portion of carapace and cephalic two-thirds of areolawhich are punctate.Abdomen longer than thorax (34.7-31.9 mm.).Cephalic section of telson with two spines in each caudolateralcorner. Outer dextral spine bidentate.E'pistome semiovate with a distinct cephalomedian projection; en-tire margin bearing plumose setae.Antennule with a strong spine on ventral surface of basal segment.
214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 102Antenna broken, but in other specimens extends caudad to fourthabdominal segment ; antennal scale broad with a well-developed spineon outer distal margin ; lamellar portion rounded mesially, and broad-est proximad of middle (fig. 82, h)
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Eight chela slender, with inflated palm; palm studded with seti-ferous tubercles on all surfaces. Inner margin of palm with a row ofnine tubercles which are only slightly more prominent than othersflanking this row. In addition to squamous tubercles on lower surfaceof palm a distinctly larger tubercle present near base of dactyl.Fingers not gaping. Opposable margin of immovable finger with arow of three small tubercles on basal fifth, the distal one largest; astrong tubercle extends mesiad from lower opposable margin nearmidlength of finger ; otherwise opposable margin with crowded minutedenticles. Opposable margin of dactyl with 2 proximal rows ofrounded tubercles : an upper row of 10 and a lower one of 6 ; betweenand distad of these 2 rows are crowded minute denticles. A lowlongitudinal ridge present on upper surface of both fingers ; all sur-faces of fingers with setiferous punctations except along proximo-mesial portion of dactyl where squamous tubercles occur in basal sixth.Carpus of first right pereiopod about 1.7 times longer than broadwith the usual oblique furrow on upper surface represented by a broadshallow depression ; all surfaces with squamous tubercles, more abun-dant in mesial half of segment; mesial surface with an oblique rowof three spikelike tubercles. Lower mesiodistal margin with a strongacute tubercle, and a similar one on lower laterodistal margin.Merus of first right pereiopod with 2 irregular rows of tubercleson upper margin and a few scattered ones between; 2 strong acutetubercles in distal portion ; lateral surface with scattered punctations
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lower surface with two rows of tubercles : lateral row of 14 and mesialrow of 16, and in addition a few tubercles on both sides of these 2rows.Ischiopodites of third and fourth pereiopods with hooks; hookssimple, that on third extending proximad of ischiopodite, and thaton fourth opposed by a tubercle on basipodite. Coxopodites of fourthand fifth pereiopods with ventrally projecting prominences: thoseon fourth swollen, and those on fifth smaller and less bulbiform.First pleopods symmetrical and reaching coxopodite of third pereio-pod when abdomen is flexed. (See description of pleopod underDiagnosis.)Morphotypic male^ Form II.?Differs from the holotype in the fol-lowing respects : Eostrum more contracted distally ; caudal portion ofareola punctate ; all spines on telson simple ; mesial row of tubercles on
A NEW CRAYFISH FROM ALABAMA?^HOBBS 215
Figure 82.
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Procambarus verrucosus, new species: a, Mesial view of first pleopod of holo-type; b, lateral view of carapace of holotype; c, lateral view of first pleopod of holotype;d, annulus ventralis of allotype; e, mesial view of first pleopod of holotype; /, lateral viewof first pleopod of holotype; g, epistome of holotype; h, mesial view of first pleopod ofmorphotype; i, lateral view of first pleopod of morphotype; /, dorsal view of carapace ofholotype; k, antennal scale of holotype; /, basipodites and ischiopodites of third and fourthpereiopods of holotype; m, upper view of chela of holotype. a= Mesial process; b=cephalic process; d= caudal process; z= central projection. Pubescence removed fromall structures illustrated except m.
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 102carpus of clieliped consisting of 4 instead of 3 ; only 1 acute tubercle(spine) present near upper distal end of merus of cheliped, and lowersurface of same podomere witli 14 tubercles in mesial row. The usualsecondary sexual differences occur with smaller hooks on ischiopoditesof third and fourth pereiopods and less well-developed armature of thecoxae of the fourth and fifth pereiopods. First pleopod with all ter-minal elements represented and disposed as illustrated (fig. 82, A, i).Accessory shoulder, typical of the group of which this species is amember, lies more laterad in the second-form male. (See 3Ieasure-nients.)Allotypic female.?Differs from the holotype in the following re-spects: Caudal portion of areola punctate; sinistral outer spine oftelson broken but was bidentate; chela comparatively broader andshorter with upper opposable margin of immovable finger bearinga row of 5 tubercles, of which the second from base is largest, andlower opposable margin with 1 large tubercle at base of distal two-fifths ; opposable margin of dactyl with a row of 7 tubercles, of whichthird from base is largest ; lower mesial row of 14 tubercles on merusof cheliped.Sternum immediately cephalad of annulus ventralis with pairedcaudally projecting tuberculate prominences which extend over (ven-t rally) the cephalic margin of the latter. Annulus ventralis (fig.82, d) irregularly shaped with its greatest length in the transverseaxis. Dextral wall very high and relatively thin ; cephalosinistral wallmuch thicker and of more irregular contour. Sinus originates nearcephalic margin of annulus and extends caudodextrad slightly caudadof midlength ; here it makes an S-curve just crossing the median lineand turns caudad and slightly dextrad almost to caudal margin ofannulus.Measurements {in millimeters)
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Carapace: HolotypeHeight 15.0Width 14. 6Length 31. 9Areola:Length 10. 1Width 1. 5Rostrum:Length 9.Width 6. 4Right chela:Length, inner margin of palm 10. 9Width of palm 6.9Length, outer margin of hand 28. 2Length of dactyl 15. 3
Allotype
A NEW CRAYFISH FROM ALABAMA?PIOBBS 217Tyjie locality.? A tributary of Calebea Creek [Alabama River sys-tem], 3.9 miles south of Tuskegee, Macon County, Ala., on UnitedStates Highway 29. The specimens on which this description isbased were collected by Dr. E. C. Raney, of Cornell University, onMarch 24, 1948, and he has kindly furnished me with the followingdata : At this locality the stream is clear, about 10 feet wide and 3feet deep, sandy-bottomed, and with a volume flov?- of 5 cubic feet persecond. The stream flows through an open })asture, and at the timethe collection was made the temperature of the air was 80? F., and(hatof the water 65? F.Disposition of types.?The holotypic male, form I, allotypic female,and morphotypic male are deposited in the United States NationalISIuseum (No. 90743). The paratypes, consisting of one male, formI, one male, form II, and one female, are in my personal collection atthe University of Virginia (No. 3-2448-3b).Relationships.?Procamharus verrucosus^ a member of the Bland-ingii group (Hobbs, 1942b, p. 341), has its closest affinities with Pro-camharus hlandingii acutus (Girard, 1852, p. 91). However, it mayreadily be distinguished from it by the more complexly appearingannulus ventralis of the female, and the structure of the first pleopodof the male. The caudal Jcnoh of the first pleopod has assumed amarkedly different position in P. verrucosus from that in some of theother species of this group, in which this knob more closely resemblesthat of the hypothetical generalized pleopod (Hobbs, 1942a, p. 58).In P. hayi (Faxon, 1884, p. 108) the caudal knob (which has beenprolonged proximally into a long irregular fold) lies on the caudo-lateral face of the appendage at the base of the caudal process; inP. hlandingii acutus., while the caudal knob is distinctly knoblike, ithas shifted caudolaterad and lies at the cephalolateral base of thecephalic process ; in P. verrucosus there has been a still stronger degreeof shifting in a cephalic direction so that it forms a rounded shoulderon the cephalic border of the appendage. Were it not for the in-termediate stages of shifting of the "caudal knob" which have beenobserved in specimens tentatively identified as P. hlandingii acutus(a subspecies that has never been clearly defined) one would hardlysuspect that the "shoulder" on the pleopod of P. verrucosus had anyrelationship to that of the more "typical" caudal knob as occurs inP. picfus (Hobbs, 1940, p. 419) and the "less typical" one in P. hayi.Remarks.?The annulus ventralis of the allotype contains a spermplug, which indicates that this species breeds in the early spring;however, it should be pointed out that this does not mean that thisspecies does not breed during summer, fall, or winter.
218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 102Collected with P. verrucosus in the type locality were five specimensof P. versutus (Hagen, 1870, p. 51).The name verrucosus refers to the granulate condition of thecarapace. LITERATURE CITEDCreaser, E. p.1934. A new crayfish from North Carolina. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ.Michigan, No. 285, pp. 1^, 1 fig.Faxon, Walter.1884. Descriptions of new species of Camtm^us; to which is added a synonym-ical list of the known species of Camtarus and Astacus. Proc.Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 20, pp. 107-158.1885a. A revision of the Astacidae. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 10, No. 4,pp. 1-179, 10 pis.1885b. A list of the Astacidae in the United States National Museum. Proc.U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 8, pp. 356-361.1890. Notes on North American crayfishes?family Astacidae. Proc. U. S.Nat. Mus., vol. 12, pp. 619-634.1914. Notes on the crayfishes in the United States National Museum andthe Museum of Comparative Zoology with descriptions of new speciesand subspecies to which is appended a catalogue of the known speciesand subspecies. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 351-427,pis. 1-13.GiRARD, Charles.1852. A revision of the North American Astaci with observations on theirhabits and geographical distribution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-delphia, vol. 6, pp. 87-91.Hagen, H. A.1870. Monograph of the North American Astacidae. Ulus. Cat. Mus. Comp.Zool., pt. 3, pp. 1-109, pis. 1-11.Harris, J. Arthur.1903. Aq ecological catalogue of the crayfishes belonging to the genus Cam-ha/rus. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 51-187, 5 pis.Hay, W. p.1899. Synopses of North American invertebrates, VI : The Astacidae ofNorth America. Amer. Nat., vol. 33, pp. 957-966, 1 fig.HoBBS, HORTON H., Jr.1940. Seven new crayfishes of the genus Cambarus from Florida, with noteson other species. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol, 89, pp. 387^23, figs. 14-22.1942a. On the first pleopod of the male Cambari (Decapoda, Astacidae).Proc. Florida Acad. Sci., vol, 5, pp. 55-61, 2 pis.1942b. A generic revision of the crayfishes of the subfamily Cambarinae(Decapoda, Astacidae) with the description of a new genus andspecies. Amer. Midi. Nat., vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 334-357, 3 pis.1942c. The crayfishes of Florida. Univ. Florida Publ., biol. sci. ser., vol. 3,No. 2, pp. 1-179, 3 figs., 24 pis., 11 maps.LeConte, John.1856. Description of new species of Astacus from Georgia. Proc. Acad. Nat.Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 7, pp. 400-402.
A NEW CRAYFISH FROM ALABAMA?HOBBS 219Obtmann, a. E.1902. The geographical distribution of fresh-water decapods and its bearingupon ancient geography. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 41, pp. 267-400.1905a. The mutual affinities of the species of the genus Cambarus, and theirdispersal over the United States. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol.44, pp. 91-136, 1 map.1905b. rrocambarus, a new subgenus of the genus Camharus. Ann. Car-negie Mus., vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 435-442, 1 fig.
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