ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)Zootaxa 3286: 1?132 (2012) Accepted by J. Rota: 28 Jan. 2012; published: 30 Apr. 2012 ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright ? 2012 ? Magnolia Press www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world JAE-CHEON SOHN1,2,4, CONRAD LABANDEIRA1,2, DONALD DAVIS3 & CHARLES MITTER1 1Department of Entomology, 4112 Plant Sciences Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. E-mail: jsohn@umd.edu; cmitter@umd.edu 2Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th & Constitution NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA. E-mail: LABANDEC@si.edu 3Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10th & Constitution NW, Washington, DC 20560. E-mail: DAVISD@si.edu 4Corresponding author. Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand 3286 Jae-Cheon Sohn, Conrad Labandeira, Donald Davis & Charles MitterSOHN ET AL. 2 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world (Zootaxa 3286) 132 pp.; 30 cm. 30 Apr 2012 ISBN 978-1-86977-887-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-888-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: zootaxa@mapress.com http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ? 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) Table of contentsCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Methods and conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A catalog of lepidopteran fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Fossils securely placed in Lepidoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lepidoptera incertae sedis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Putative lepidopteran fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Fossils excluded from Lepidoptera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Taxon index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Author index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Abstract In this catalog, we attempt to assemble all fossil records of Lepidoptera described formally or informally in the world literature. A total of 667 records dealing with at least 4,568 specimens have been compiled. They include descriptions of 131 fossil genera and 229 fossil species, as well as 72 extant genera and 21 extant species to which some of these fossils supposedly belong or show superficial similarity. Replacement names of two fossil genera are proposed to avoid homonymy: Baltopsyche Sohn, gen. nov. for Palaeopsyche Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 and Netoxena Sohn, gen. nov. for Xena Martins-Neto, 1999. New generic combinations are proposed for: Tortrix? destructus Cockerell, 1916, Tortrix florissantanus Cockerell, 1907, and Tortrix sp. sensu Gravenhorst (1835), all three to Tortricites Kozlov, 1988; Pterophorus oligocenicus Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986, to Merrifieldia Tutt, 1905; Aporia sp. sensu Branscheid (1969) to Pierites Heer, 1849; Noctua spp. sensu Hope (1836) and Lomnicki (1894), both to Noctuites Heer, 1849. Eleven names improperly proposed for lepidopteran fossils are invalidated: Baltonides roeselliformis Skalski in Kosmowska- Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981; Baltodines Kupryjanowicz, 2001; Barbarothea Scudder, 1890; Lepidopterites Piton, 1936; Palaeozygaena Reiss, 1936; Psamateia calipsa Martins-Neto, 2002; Saxibatinca meyi Skalski in Kristensen and Skalski, 1998; Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1976; Thanatites juvenalis Scudder, 1875; Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1976; and Zygaenites Reiss, 1936. An unnecessary subsequent type designation for Pierites Heer, 1849, is discussed. A total of 129 records include lepidopteran fossils which cannot be placed in any taxonomic rank. There also exist at least 25 fossil records which lack any evidence of the supposed lepidopteran association. Misidentified specimens, including 18 fossil genera, 29 fossil species and 12 unnamed fossils, are excluded from Lepidoptera. All the known lepidopteran fossils are annotated by fossil type, specimen deposition, excavation locality, association with plants when present, and geological age. A bibliographic list of lepidopteran fossils is provided. Key words: Nomenclature, paleobiodiversity, paleontology, plant-insect interactions, taxonomy. Introduction Fossils provide the most direct window on ancestral lineages and their morphological character states (Hermsen and Hendricks 2007; Cobbett et al. 2007) and play an especially important role in tracing the evolutionary history of organisms not represented in the extant fauna. As molecular dating analyses have become common in the last decade (Drummond et al. 2006), the value of fossils in evolutionary studies has increased measurably, attributable to their role of providing calibration points for estimating divergence times. Confident dating requires multiple fossils (the more the better; see Pyron 2010) which are securely identified and of appropriate age. However, the availability of such fossils is strongly taxon-dependent. While the Lepidoptera are one of the so-called ?Big Four? insect orders in extant species diversity (Grimaldi and Engel 2005), their fossil record is proportionally very sparse (Kapoor 1981; Labandeira and Sepkoski 1993). Kristensen and Skalski (1998) estimated that only 600?700 total fossil specimens of lepidopterans are known. Taphonomic simulations with extant species suggest that the fragility and buoyancy of the body and wings of Lepidoptera make them especially unlikely to be preserved in lacustrine fossil beds (Duncan 1997), compared to other insect groups. Probably for this reason, amber inclusions and trace fossils such as leaf mines constitute the majority of fossil evidence for Lepidoptera (Skalski 1976a; Kristensen and Skalski 1998; Grimaldi and Engel Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 3 2005). Even with amber and trace fossils included, the total fossil record of lepidopterans appears to be much SOHN ET AL. 4 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press poorer than those of other major insect orders (Labandeira and Sepkoski 1993; Kristensen et al. 2007). Lepidopteran fossils are especially scarce in Mesozoic strata and are known mainly from the Cenozoic (de Jong 2007). This bias was initially taken to mean that Lepidoptera had a more recent history than other groups (Heer 1876). The current consensus is that the Lepidoptera originated during the Early Mesozoic, but that the radiations leading to their modern mega-diversity essentially did not occur until the Paleogene Period (Riek 1970; Kapoor 1981; Ollerton 1999; Grimaldi and Engel 2005). Another widely accepted generalization about the lepidopteran fossil record has been ?almost zero extinction? at the family level (Kapoor 1981; Carpenter 1992), as only three families described as fossils are seemingly extinct. Confidence in both of these assertions is undermined, however, by the fact that the lepidopteran fossil record, in addition to being sparse, has been minimally studied. Most lepidopteran fossils have only superficial original descriptions, have never been critically re-examined, and hence have very uncertain taxonomic assignments at present. Many additional fossils remain undescribed in collections. Much of what is known about lepidopteran fossils resides in difficult-to-access publications or unpublished sources. The purpose of the catalog presented here is to make this information more accessible and thereby facilitate expanded study of the lepidopteran fossil record. Previous efforts to catalog the lepidopteran fossil record have been sporadic. Scudder (1891) and Handlirsch (1907) compiled all fossils which were known at the time. In the most comprehensive but not exhaustive review to date, Kozlov (1988) included all types of lepidopteran fossils, organized in a modern classification. Genus or family-level reviews were provided by Laurentiaux (1953), Danilevsky and Martynova (1962) and Carpenter (1992). Kozlov et al. (2002) and Grimaldi and Engel (2005) treated the fossil record of Lepidoptera in the context of evolutionary history. Ross and Jarzembowski (1993) and Labandeira (1994) reviewed the first fossil occurrences of the lepidopteran families. Other surveys have been restricted in time or space or by taxon. Lepidoptera of the Mesozoic were reviewed by Whalley (1986); those of the South American Cenozoic were listed by Petrulevicius and Martins-Neto (2000). Leestmans (1983) summarized the lepidopteran fossils found in France; Meyer (2003) treated the insect fossils of Florissant; Scudder (1875) reviewed butterfly fossils; van Schepdeal (1974) reviewed Palearctic macrolepidopteran fossils; Skalski (1990a) reviewed fossils of primitive Lepidoptera. In comparison to other types of fossils, amber inclusions have been more rigorously cataloged and revised (Kusnezov 1941; Bachofen-Echt 1949; Andr?e 1951; Skalski 1976b; Keilbach 1982; Spahr 1989; Poinar 1992). Museum specimen inventories, such as Rasnitsyn and Ross (2000) and Kupryjanowicz (2001), are additional valuable sources and often uncover hidden, unstudied fossils of Lepidoptera. This catalog attempts to compile all the lepidopteran fossils described or mentioned in the world literature. It also includes as many records as we could find from informal publications such as conference abstracts and theses. Unlike the most extensive previous catalog (Kozlov 1988), it is annotated with specimen data for each fossil, including fossil type, current depository, excavation locality and fossil bed age. The present catalog is a revised and expanded version of an on-line database posted as a part of the Assembling Tree of Life for Lepidoptera project (http://www.leptree.net/fossil). We do not attempt to revise fossil identifications, though we include citations of all the published evaluations of those identifications that we could find. Our primary purpose is to provide in one place as much of the raw information about known lepidopteran fossils as possible, in order to encourage and facilitate further study. Methods and conventions Sources and categories. The primary source for references in this catalog is the comprehensive collection of fossil insect literature maintained by one of us (C.C.L.). From this collection we examined publications of all types, in any language, which mention lepidopteran fossils, retrieving as much raw information as possible. In general, only original descriptions were compiled. Subsequent citations also were included when they provided new taxonomic insights or photographs. Data missing from primary sources were added, if possible, using other sources. Ambiguities in the raw data were checked and if possible, corrected. Non-English references were translated by generous colleagues (see Acknowledgments) or using Google Translate (http://translate.google.com). The name-bearing taxa included here comprise those which are fully described or at least tentatively defined, and for which at least a genus-level association is known. In addition to formally published taxa, we also include informal records from theses, conference abstracts and newsletters, unless they treat new taxa which are invalid CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) according to the ICZN 4th edition (Article 9). In contrast to previous catalogs, we also compiled undescribed specimens and/or collections of lepidopteran fossils whenever such information was available to us. A number of such specimens were found during inventories of the lepidopteran fossil holdings at several major collections undertaken by the first author during visits in 2009 and 2011. Whenever possible, we checked the identification of each fossil proposed in the literature against the diagnoses of modern classifications from all the reviews in Kristensen (1998). However, most lepidopteran fossils are incomplete and preserve few diagnostic characteristics. We retained the original taxonomic position of a fossil, even when tentative or suspected to be problematic, unless there was reasonable evidence for a new position. In previous catalogs, such ambiguous fossils have typically been relegated to the category ?Lepidoptera incertae sedis.? We see no advantage to this practice, which discards nearly all characteristics observed on such fossils. Instead, we treated ambiguous fossils as ?questionably placed? within the subfamily, family or superfamily to which it had originally been assigned. It should be noted, however, that the uncertainty of placement for these fossils can be great. For example, Phalaenites crenata Heer, 1849, here designated as questionably placed in Geometridae, may not even belong to Geometroidea or to any currently-recognized macrolepidopteran group. Our ?Lepidoptera incertae sedis? section includes only fossils which show no diagnostic characteristics or for which taxonomic affinity was regarded as ambiguous by the describing author, such as when two families were given as possible placements. Fossils never subjected to taxonomic study are also placed in this section. Fossils whose assignment even to Lepidoptera is tentative, suspect or ambiguously stated are placed in the ?Putative Lepidoptera? section of this catalog. Last, we include a section entitled ?excluded from Lepidoptera? for fossils which were assigned to Lepidoptera at some point but currently are excluded. Within each section, name-bearing fossils are presented in alphabetical order. Unnamed fossils or collective descriptions thereof are arranged alphabetically by first author of the original record. When sets of different types of fossils were collectively described by the same author, they are listed as separate accounts. Each fossil account accompanies bibliographic citations and, in parentheses, the genus combination or taxonomic interpretation suggested by the author. Our own interpretations and annotations are given in brackets. It is often impossible to determine whether fossil specimens or collections mentioned in multiple papers are mutually exclusive. Hence, some fossils may be doubly counted in our catalog. We tried to minimize such redundancy by checking the institutional catalog numbers of the fossils. When such identifiers are unavailable, we simply point out the possibility of overlap. Annotation entries. Each account listed in this catalog is annotated as to fossil type, specimen deposition, fos- sil locality and geological age, in that order, with fields separated by slashes (/). Fields with missing data are described as ?unknown? or simply left blank. The formats for each field are as follows: i) Fossil type. Fossils are classified into ten modes of deposition: amber (AM), asphaltum (AS), compression/ impression (CI), copal (CO), gut contents or coprolite of insectivore (GC), peat or lignite (PE), salt deposit (SA), silica permineralization (SI), sieved residue (SR), and trace fossil (T). For extended discussion of the modes of preservation in the insect fossil record, see Labandeira (1999). The categories are not mutually exclusive. For example, leaf-mine fossils are designated as both compression/impression and trace fossil. In such cases, both abbreviations are shown. Subfossils and fossils were not distinguished because these categories are often difficult to separate in literature descriptions and are variably defined, such as Holocene-only occurrences, or older material that has not undergone appreciable fossilization. Following the fossil type, the fossil contents are given in parenthe- sis, namely, life stage (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) and completeness of preservation (e.g., whole body or fragmen- tary material). ii) Specimen deposition. For each fossil we specify the confirmed or best-estimate current location. Acronyms, given below, are used for institutional specimen depositories. For clarity, the names of private collectors are given in full. In the absence of more recent information, the collection name stated by the original author is provided if possible; otherwise the field is left vacant. When the specimen is suspected by previous authors of being lost, we follow their opinion. The following information is given in parentheses. Type status of specimen(s), if any, is reported, using abbreviations listed below. If the specimens are not types, we report only the number of specimens (= exemplars), abbreviated as ?ex.? The type designation or number of specimens is followed, separated by a colon, by the institutional catalog number(s), if these exist. The institutional catalog numbers are cited with the numbers assigned by the original authors. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 5 iii) Excavation locality. The source country is given first, followed by successively more specific locality SOHN ET AL. 6 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press information. Non-English locality names are provided together with English names when the latter exist. The for- mal stratigraphic unit, when known, is listed in parentheses and followed by ?Fm. (= formation)? if appropriate. The source for the lithostratigraphic age assignment is either taken from the original publication or extrapolated from other geological sources based on the site where the fossil was initially discovered. In some instances formal designation of the formation was not provided in the original fossil description or in related sources. In such cases we recorded a lithological characterization of the sedimentary unit from which the fossil was retrieved without attribution to a particular formation; an example is ?East African Copal.? iv) Geological age. The age of the fossil bed is given as geological stage followed by period, using the terminology of Gradstein et al. (2004) which presents the internationally accepted standard for geologic time nomenclature. If no age assignment was given by the author or the age of the fossil bed is controversial, we consulted other sources and chose the most persuasive or conservative date. When possible, records of trace fossils of leaf mines, galls and wood borings include recorded plant hosts. We follow the plant identification given in the original papers, often including the species, genus, and family. Family- level assignments of fossil plant hosts are based on Mabberley (1993). Occasionally we include a comment field at the end of an account, for example, when there is uncertainty in the original description; an obvious nomenclatural change is inevitable; the author(s) assigned a taxonomic placement to an unnamed fossil; or overlap in content between separate accounts is suspected. Taxonomy and nomenclature. For most fossils we followed the taxonomic interpretation of the original author or subsequent reviewer. In some cases, we modernized outdated classifications, while in others we had to choose among conflicting classifications advanced by different authors. In the latter instances, we listed all the dif- fering opinions in parentheses and provided bibliographic citations. Clade names and arrangements above the fam- ily level follow Nieukerken et al. (2011), while the subfamily classification, where applicable, follows Appendix 1 of Kristensen (2003). For some butterflies and bombycoids, the fossils are classified to tribal level as defined in the original descriptions. Taxon names proposed primarily for extant species are given without further details of the original description. We mostly exclude ichnotaxon names, but do use collective generic names (ICZN 4th edition, Article 42) which include ichnospecies, for example, Stigmellites Kernbach, 1967. Extant taxon names often have been used to describe trace fossils by analogy, whether or not the fossil seems likely to belong to the extant taxon. Usage of such analogies varies widely among authors. Some authors state that no taxonomic connection between extant and fossil taxa is implied by the analogy. In such cases, we disregarded the extant analogs as identifiers of the records. We used recent analog names as indicating relationship only when the authors unambiguously state that this is their intention. We followed the latest version of the code (ICZN 4th edition, effective from 2000) entirely, especially the rules for fossil taxa (Article 20 and 42). We use ?nomen nudum? to denote invalid names, and ?nomen conditionalis? in cases where the author actually meant ?fossil state.? Only the former are invalid under the code (ICZN 4th edition, Glossary). Collective generic names ending with ?-ites? are commonly used for species whose taxonomic placement is not entirely convincing or for which only family-level association is assured (Kozlov 1988). Such names are valid according to the code (ICZN 4th edition, Articles 20, 23.7 and 42.2.1) and are subject to the rules for genus-group nomenclature, except that type designation is not obligatory. Despite this exemption, type species have been desig- nated by subsequent researchers for some collective genera. These secondary type designations can be problematic. For example, Hemming (1967) redesignated Pierites freyeri Heer as the type species of Pierites Heer, 1849, based on the fact that Heer included only one species. However, freyeri was subsequently moved to Pontia by Scudder (1875b). As a result, Pierites becomes a synonym of Pontia and an alternative collective name is required for pierids of uncertain association. We avoided such complicated and seemingly pointless exercises by simply disre- garding the subsequent type designation. Finally, when a fossil taxon retains an incorrect species name ending after a change of taxonomic position, we adjust the name as required by the code (ICZN 4th edition, Article 30.1.3). Abbreviations used. For taphonomy: AM = amber AS = asphaltum and tar sands CI = compression or impression CO = copalCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) GC = gut contents or coprolite of insectivorous animals PE = peat or lignite SA = salt deposits SI = silica or other permineralization SR = sieved residue T = trace fossil (larval case; mine or other feeding damage) For type status: CHT = counterpart of HT HT = holotype NT = neotype PT = paratype SY = syntype Institutional specimen depositories, by continent: [Africa] BPUW Bernard Price Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, including recently transferred collections from the South African National Botanical Institute at Pretoria. [Asia] CNUB College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China IEUH Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel KCMK Kumamoto City Museum, Kumamoto, Japan LBMS Lake Biwa Museum, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan NIGP Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China NSMT Department of Paleontology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan OMNH Osaka Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan PFDL Paleontological Fossil Depository, Lingu Prov., Shandong, China SFML Shanwang Fossil Museum, Lingu Prov., Shandong, China SJCA St. John?s College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India [Australia and New Zealand] GCUA Geological Collection, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand GDVU Geology Department of Victoria University, Wellington, Australia GMUQ Geographical Museum, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia IGNS Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand MVVA National Museum of Victoria, Victoria, Australia QMSB Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia [Europe] AMKR Amber Museum in Kaliningrad, Russia ANZM Arabako Natur Zientzien Museoa, Natural Sciences Museum of ?lava ( = Museo de Ciencias Naturales de ?lava), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain BGRG Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (= Bundesanstalt f?r Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe), Hannover, Germany BMNH Department of Paleontology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom BPGM Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology (= Bayerische Staatssammlung f?r Palaeontologie und Geologie), Munich, Bavaria, Germany BTVU School of Biosciences and Process Technology, Linnaeus University (= Linn?universitetet or V?xj? University), Sm?land, Sweden CMNH Coburg Museum of Natural History (= Naturkunde-Museum Coburg), Coburg, Germany DBRD German Amber Museum (= Deutsches Bernsteinmuseum), Ribnitz-Damgarten, Germany Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 7 EMUG Institute of Geography and Geology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University (= Institut f?r Geographie und SOHN ET AL. 8 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Geologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universit?t), Greifswald, Germany ENSM Mines Paris Tech (= ?cole Nationale Sup?rieure des Mines de Paris or ?cole des Mines de Paris), Paris, France EPGM Department of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Marine Geoscience, University of Barcelona (= Departament d?Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geoci?ncies Marines, Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain FMND Fur Museum, Nederby, Denmark FMUH Paleontological Collection, Geological Museum of Finnish Museum of Natural History (= Luonnontieteellinen Keskusmuseo), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland FNSF Forschungsinstitut, Nature Museum Senckenberg (= Naturmuseum Senckenberg), Senckenberganlage, Frankfurt, Germany GBCU Department of General Botany, N. Copernicus University (= Zak?ad Botaniki Og?lnej, Uniwersytetu M. Kopernika), Torun, Poland GBNM Heerlen Branch of the Geological Survey, the Netherlands Mining District (= Geologisch Bureau voor het Nederlandse Mijngebied), Heerlen, Netherlands GMUH Geological and Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg (= Geologisch- Pal?ontologisches Institut und Museum der Universit?t Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany GPTUC Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Clausthal University of Technology (= Institute f?r Geologie und Pal?ontologie, Technische Universit?t Clausthal), Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany GPUF Geological and Paleontological Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt (= Geologisch- Pal?ontologisches Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universit?t), Frankfurt, Germany GPUG Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of G?ttingen (= Geologisch-Pal?ontologisches Institut, Universit?t G?ttingen), G?ttingen, Germany GPUT Institute and Museum for Geology and Paleontology, University of T?bingen (= Institut und Museum f?r Geologie und Pal?ontologie, Universit?t T?bingen), T?bingen, Germany GSAV Geological Survey of Austria (= Geologische Bundesanstalt), Vienna, Austria HLDG Museum Wiesbaden (= Hessischen Landesmuseums), Darmstadt, Germany HNHM Mineral Collection, Hungarian Natural History Museum (= Magyar Term?szettudom?nyi M?zeum), Budapest, Hungary IGGB National Institute of Geology and Geophysics (= Institutul Geological Romaniei), Bucharest, Romania IGMF Center for Geology and Geophysics of Montpellier (= Centre G?ologique et G?ophysique de Montpellier or l'Institut de G?ologie de Montpellier), Montpellier, France IPEG Institute for Plant Protection Research (= Institut f?r Pflanzenschutzforschung), Eberswalde, Germany IPUS Institute for Geology and Paleontology, University of Stuttgart (= Institut f?r Geologie und Pal?ontologie, Universit?t Stuttgart), Stuttgart, Germany LFUF Agriculture and Forestry Zoological Institute of the University of Helsinki (= Agrikultur- forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, Helsingfors Universitet), Helsinki, Finland LGUL Laboratory of Geology, University of Lyon (= Laboratoire de G?ologie de l'Universit? de Lyon), Lyon, France LNHM Lvov Natural History Museum, Lvov, Ukraine MCFE Civic Museum of Archaeology and Natural Science, ?Federico Eusebio? (= Museo Civico Archeologico e di Scienze Naturali Federico Eusebio), Alba, Piedmont, Italy MCNV Museum of Natural Science in Valencia (= Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Valencia), Valencia, Spain MEPA Polish Academy of Sciences? Earth Museum (= Muzeum Ziemi Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie), Warsaw, Poland MHMM Henrik Madsen Collection, Morsland Historical Museum (= Morslands Historiske Museum), Mors, Denmark MMAG A.A. Mitchell Collection, Maidstone Museum and Bentlif Art Gallery, Maidstone, England MNCN National Museum of Natural Science (= Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), Madrid, Spain MNHN Institute of Paleontology, National Museum of Natural History in Paris (= Institut de Paleontologie, CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Mus?um National d'Histoire Narurelle de Paris), Paris, France MNHU Berlin Museum of Natural History (= Museum f?r Naturkunde Berlin or Museum f?r Naturkunde Humboldt-Universit?t), Berlin, Germany MPMV Municipal Museum of Paleontology in Valencia (= Museo Paleontol?gico Municipal de Valencia), Valencia, Spain MPUG Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gda?sk (= Muzeum Inkluzji w Bursztynie, Universytet Gda?sk), Gda?sk, Poland MTRE Territory Museum in Riccione (= Museo del Territorio, Riccione), Emilia, Italy. MVMF Natural History Museum of Marseille (= Mus?e de la Ville de Marseille, France or Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marseille), Marseille, France NASU National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Natsional?na Akademiya Nauk Ukrayiny), Kiev, Ukraine NHMB Natural History Museum in Basel (= Naturhistorisches Museum Basel), Basel, Switzerland NHMD Geological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen (= Geologisk Museum, Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, K?benhavns Universitet), Copenhagen, Denmark NHMG Natural History Museum of Graz (= Naturkundemuseum, Universalmuseums Joanneum), Graz, Austria NHMW Museum of Natural History Vienna (= Naturhistorisches Museum Wien), Vienna, Austria NHUW Museum of Natural History at University of Wroclaw (= Muzeum Przyrodnicze we Wroc?awiu), Wroclaw, Poland NMLN Natural History Museum of Mainz and Rheinland-Pfalz State Collection for Natural History (= Naturhistorischen Museum Mainz/Landessammlung f?r Naturkunde Rheinland-Pfalz), Mainz, Germany NMPC National Museum (= N?rodn? Muzeum or Musei Nationalis Pragae), Prague, Czech Republic OUNH Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom PAML Palanga Amber Museum (= Palangos Gintaro Muziejus), Palanga, Lithuania PIFU Paleontological Institute, Free University of Berlin (= Wissenschaftliche Einrichtung Pal?ontologie and Pal?ontologisches Institut der Freie Universit?t Berlin), Berlin, Germany PIRAS Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia PLUW Paleozoological Laboratory, University of Warszawa (= Uniwersytet Warszawski), Warszawa, Poland PMUZ Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich (= Pal?ontologisches Institut und Museum, Universit?t Z?rich), Zurich, Switzerland PNRL Paleontological collection, Regional Natural Park in Luberon (= Parc Naturel R?gional du Lub?ron), Lub?ron, France RMOD Amber Museum in Oksbol (= Ravmuseet i Oksb?l), Oksb?l, Denmark RPMH Roemer and Pelizaeus Museum (= Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum), Hildesheim, Germany SMMG State Museum for Mineralogy and Geology in Dresden (= Staatliches Museum f?r Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden), Dresden, Germany SMNS Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History (= Staatliches Museum f?r Naturkunde Stuttgart or W?rttemberg Royal Natural Cabinet), Stuttgart, Germany TUBF Faculty of Geosciences, Freiberg Mining Academy, University of Technology (= Sektion Geowissenschaften, Technische Universit?t Bergakademie Freiberg), Freiberg, Germany WSIB W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences (= Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Botaniki im W?adys?awa Szafera), Krak?w, Poland ZMCD Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen (= Zoologisk Museum, Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, K?benhavns Universitet), Copenhagen, Denmark [North America] AIOSU Amber Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A. ANSP Department of Entomology, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. BHM Black Hills Institute of Geological Research (= Black Hills Minerals), Hill City, South Dakota, U.S.A. CSUM St. Cloud State University in St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.A. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 9 DMNH Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.SOHN ET AL. 10 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press FFNM Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Teller Co., Colorado, U.S.A. FMNH Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. FMUF Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A GSCBO Geological Survey of Canada Branch, Dept. of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada GBIU Department of Geological Sciences and Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. KNHM Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A. MCZH Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. NHLA Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (= Los Angeles County Museum), Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. PLME Prehistoric Life Museum, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A. PMNH Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. PSWC Paul R. Stewart Museum, Waynesburg College, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. ROMUT Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada TBMM Thomas Burke Memorial Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. UAME University of Alberta Museums, Edmonton, Aberta, Canada UCMP University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley and Davis, California, U.S.A. UCNH University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. UIMM University of Idaho College of Mines Museum, Moscow, Idaho, U.S.A. USNM United States National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, U.S.A. [South America] AOFT Apex (Trinidad) Oilfields, Ltd., near Fyzabad, Trinidad DGUFC Department of Geology, Federal University of Cear? (= Departamento de Geologia da Universidade Federal do Cear?), Fortaleza, Cear?, Brazil DGUG Department of Geoscience, University of Guarulhos (= Departamento de Geoci?ncias, Universidade de Guarulhos), S?o Paulo, Brazil IGEO National Museum and Institute of Geoscience, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (= Museu Nacional et Instituto de Geoci?ncias da Universidade Federal), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil IGUSP Institute of Geoscience, University of S?o Paulo (= Instituto de Geoci?ncias, Universidade de S?o Paulo), S?o Paulo, Brazil LPUSP Laboratory of Paleontology, Biology Department, FFCL, University of S?o Paulo campus de Ribeir?o Preto (= FFCL/USP campo Ribeir?o Preto), Ribeir?o, S?o Paulo, Brazil MPEF Egidio Feruglio Paleontologic Museum (= Museo Paleont?logico Egidio Feruglio), Trelew, Chubut, Argentina Other abbreviations: auct = ?sensu the author? (Latin ?of authors?) cf = ?close to? (Latin ?compare?) ex = ?number of exemplars? (Latin ?copy?) nec = ?not the author? (Latin ?and not?) sic = ?misspelling? (Latin ?thus?) A catalog of lepidopteran fossils Note: The annotation at the end of each species account consists of: fossil type/specimen deposition/excavation locality/geological age. 1. Fossils securely placed in Lepidoptera Order Lepidoptera Lepidopteran lineages in the polyphyletic Necrotauliidae stockCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Comment: Necrotauliidae was proposed by Handlirsch (1906) as a trichopteran family. Since the original description lacked unambiguous definition, the family was later used as a collective group to accommodate ?primitive? Trichoptera-like Mesozoic insects (Ansorge 2002). However, stem group Trichoptera are very difficult to distinguish from stem group Lepidoptera. This ambiguity has augmented the heterogeneity of the Necrotauliidae. Ansorge (2002) modernized the definition of the family, restricting it to the genera Necrotaulius Handlirsch, 1906 and Mesotrichopteridium Handlirsch, 1906. He also redefined Necrotaulius, the type genus of Necrotauliidae, to include only the type species, N. dobbertinensis Handlirsch, 1906. According to this new definition, the family Necrotauliidae accommodates only stem amphiesmenopterans, that is, those which lived prior to the divergence between Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Ansorge (2002) found that at least seven genera previously included in Necrotauliidae are indeed lepidopteran lineages. Their placement in the phylogeny of Lepidoptera, however, remains unknown. Since his revision did not cover all necrotauliids in the former broad sense, future studies could reveal additional early lepidopterans within this paraphyletic assemblage. ARCHIPTILIA Handlirsch, 1939: 97 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species: Archiptilia ovata Handlirsch, 1939. ovata Handlirsch, 1939: 97, pl. 9: 168 (Archiptilia). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 123/162)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. EPIDIDONTUS Handlirsch, 1939: 98 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species Epididontus geinitzianus Handlirsch, 1939. geinitzianus Handlirsch, 1939: 98, pl. 9: 170 (Epididontus). CI (adult: forewing)/MNHU (HT: 61.1)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. METARCHITAULIUS Handlirsch, 1939: 96 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species: Metarchitaulius longus Handlirsch, 1939. longus Handlirsch, 1939: 96, pl. 9: 166 (Metarchitaulius). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 123/85)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. NANNOTRICHOPTERON Handlirsch, 1906: 486 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species: Nannotrichopteron gracile Handlirsch, 1906. gracile Handlirsch, 1906: 486, pl. 42: 41 (Nannotrichopteron). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 122/78)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. NECROTAULIUS auct Ivanov, 2002: 290 (Lepidoptera) (nec Handlirsch, 1906 [Trichoptera]). tener Sukatsheva, 1990: 97, fig. 96, pl. 8: 10 (Necrotaulius); Ivanov, 2002: 290, fig. 3. CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: No. 3015/819)/Russia: Chita Province, Shelopugino District, Unda River at Zhidka (Baleyan Fm.)/Aptian?Albian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: This fossil was originally assigned to Trichoptera. Later, Ivanov (2002) found it to possess some, though not all, of the apomorphies for Lepidoptera. The definition of Necrotaulius is currently restricted to the type Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 11 species, N. dobbertinensis Handlirsch, 1906 (Ansorge 2002). Therefore, a generic revision for all the SOHN ET AL. 12 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press remaining tentative ?Necrotaulius,? including N. tener, is needed. PALAEOTAULIUS Handlirsch, 1939: 95 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species: Palaeotaulius vicinus Handlirsch, 1939. vicinus Handlirsch, 1939: 95, pl. 9: 164 (Palaeotaulius). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 123/87)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. PARARCHITAULIUS Handlirsch, 1939: 95 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). [Type species: Pararchitaulius ovalis Handlirsch, 1939] ovalis Handlirsch, 1939: 95, pl. 9: 165 (Pararchitaulius). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 123/86)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. PARATAULIUS Handlirsch, 1939: 96 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species: Parataulius jurassicus Handlirsch, 1939. jurassicus Handlirsch, 1939: 97, pl. 9: 167 (Parataulius). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 123/78)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. PARATRICHOPTERIDIUM auct Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera) (nec Handlirsch, 1906 [Trichoptera]). efossum Handlirsch, 1939: 100, pl. 10: 175 (?Paratrichopteridium). CI (adult: hindwing)/EMUG (HT: 123/83)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. costale Handlirsch, 1939: 100, pl. 10: 176 (?Paratrichopteridium). CI (adult: forewing?)/EMUG (HT: 123/84)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. PSEUDORTHOPHLEBIA Handlirsch, 1906: 485 (Trichoptera); Ansorge, 2002: 71 (Lepidoptera). Type species: Pseudorthophlebia platyptera Handlirsch, 1906. platyptera Handlirsch, 1906: 485, pl. 42: 40 (Pseudorthophlebia). CI (adult: forewing)/EMUG (HT: 122/76)/Germany: Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg, Schwinz near Dobbertin (Posidonia Shale)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. Suborder incertae sedisCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Family ARCHAEOLEPIIDAE Whalley, 1985: 159 ARCHAEOLEPIS Whalley, 1985: 159 (Archaeolepiidae); Skalski, 1990a: 125 (?Eolepidopterigidae). Type species: Archaeolepis mane Whalley, 1985. mane Whalley, 1985: 160, figs. 58?60 (Archaeolepis). CI (adult: wings)/BMNH (HT: In.59397)/United Kingdom: England, Dorset, Charmouth, Black Ven (calcareous flatstone, Turneri Zone, probably Bed 75a)/Sinemurian, Early Jurassic. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 16) regard this as ?the oldest known fossil which can with great certainty be referred to the Lepidoptera.? Family MESOKRISTENSENIIDAE Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010: 875 MESOKRISTENSENIA Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010: 875. Type species: Mesokristensenia latipenna Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010. angustipenna Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010: 879, figs. 4, 5, 8 (Mesokristensenia). CI (adult: whole body)/NIGP (HT: no. 150463)/China: Inner Mongolia, Ningcheng Co., Wuhua township, near Daohugou (Jiulongshan Fm.)/Bathonian?Callovian, Middle Jurassic. latipenna Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010: 876, figs. 1, 6a?c (Mesokristensenia). CI (adult: whole body)/NIGP (HT: no. 150460)/China: Inner Mongolia, Ningcheng Co., Wuhua township, near Daohugou (Jiulongshan Fm.)/Bathonian?Callovian, Middle Jurassic. sinica Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010: 877, figs. 3, 7 (Mesokristensenia). CI (adult: whole body)/NIGP (HT: no. 150462)/China: Inner Mongolia, Ningcheng Co., Wuhua township, near Daohugou (Jiulongshan Fm.)/Bathonian?Callovian, Middle Jurassic. ?Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010: 877, figs. 2, 6d (Mesokristensenia). CI (adult: forewing)/NIGP (HT: no. 150461)/China: Inner Mongolia, Ningcheng Co., Wuhua township, near Daohugou (Jiulongshan Fm.)/Bathonian?Callovian, Middle Jurassic. FAMILY incertae sedis KARATAUNIA Kozlov, 1989: 42. Type species: Karataunia lapidaria Kozlov, 1989. lapidaria Kozlov, 1989: 42, fig. 1f (Karataunia). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2066/3461and3453)/Kazakhstan: Chimkent Oblast, Chayan district, Aulie close to the village of Mikhailovka (Karabastau Fm.)/Oxfordian?Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic. GENUS incertae sedis ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 562, fig. 13: 16 (basal lepidopteran). CI (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: SF46441)/Brazil: Cear? State, ca. 4 km from Santana do Cairiri, Nova Olinda (Crato Fm.)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 13 Suborder Eolepidopterigina Rasnitsyn, 1983: 468SOHN ET AL. 14 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press = Zeugloptera (nec Chapman, 1917); Carpenter, 1992: 372 [part] = Dacnonypha (nec Hinton, 1946); Kozlov, 1988: 28 Superfamily EOLEPIDOPTERIGOIDEA Rasnitsyn, 1983: 470 Family EOLEPIDOPTERIGIDAE Rasnitsyn, 1983: 470 = Micropterigidae (nec Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1855); Skalski, 1979a: 92 [for Undopterix] = Undopterigidae Kozlov, 1988: 28 [under Dacnonypha] Note: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 16) questioned the monophyly of Eolepidopterigidae which lacks convincing support. Assignment of all taxa other than Eolepidopterix to Eolepidopterigidae is tentative. We exclude Psa- mateia calipsa Martins-Neto, 2002, nomen nudum, an alleged eolepidopterigid, described from an unpub- lished thesis. The taxon name was introduced again in Martins-Neto (2005) without description. In fact, the descriptions of Psamateia and its type P. calipsa have never been published and thus, the taxon names are invalid (ICZN 4th edition, Article 8). EOLEPIDOPTERIX Rasnitsyn, 1983: 470. Type species: Eolepidopterix jurassica Rasnitsyn, 1983. jurassica Rasnitsyn, 1983: 470, fig. 1 (Eolepidopterix). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 3053/416)/Russia: Siberia, Transbaikalia, Chita district, Uda (Udinskaya Fm.)/?Oxfordian, Late Jurassic. Questionably placed in Eolepidopterigidae DAIOPTERIX Skalski, 1984: 389. Type species: Daiopterix rasnitsyni Skalski, 1984. olgae Kozlov, 1989: 38, fig. 1b (Daiopterix); Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 562, fig. 13: 15. CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 3063/741)/Russia: Tshitinsk region, Shelopugitz district, left bank of the Daia River, 2km above the mouth of the Shiviya River Valley; central Siberia, Chitinsk Oblast (Glushkovo Fm.)/Tithonian?Berriasian, Late Jurassic?Early Cretaceous boundary. rasnitsyni Skalski, 1984: 390, figs. 1?5 (Daiopterix). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 3063/922=LEP.FOSS.389 IPM/AWS)/Russia: Tshitinsk region, Shelopu- gitz district, left bank of the Daia River (Glushkovo Fm.)/Tithonian?Berriasian, Late Jurassic?Early Creta- ceous boundary. GRACILEPTERYX Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989: 463. Type species: Gracilepterix pulchra Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989. pulchra Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989: 463, figs. 2a?d (Gracilepterix). CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, Maria A. Vulcano, S?o Paulo, Brazil (HT: CV-1476)/Brazil: Cear? State, ca. 4 km from Santana do Cairiri, Nova Olinda (Crato Fm.)/Late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. PALAEOLEPIDOPTERIX Kozlov, 1989: 37. Type species: Palaeolepidopterix aurea Kozlov, 1989. aurea Kozlov, 1989: 38, fig. 1a (Palaeolepidopterix). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2239/607)/Kazakhstan: Chimkent Oblast, Chayan district, Aulie close to CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) the village of Mikhailovka (Karabastau Fm.)/Oxfordian?Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic. UNDOPTERIX Skalski, 1979a: 92. Type species: Undopterix sukatshevae Skalski, 1979. cariensis Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989: 463, fig. 2f (Undopterix). CI (adult: forewing)/IGUSP (HT: GP/1T-1635)/Brazil: Cear? State, ca. 4 km from Santana do Cairiri, Nova Olinda (Crato Fm.)/Late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. sukatshevae Skalski, 1979a: 94, figs. 4?6, pl. 9: 1, pl. 10: 1 (Undopterix). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 3015/815=LEP.FOSS.290/IPM/AWS)/Russia: Chita Province, Shelopug- ino district, Unda River at Zhidka (Baleyan Fm.)/Aptian?Albian, Early Cretaceous. NETOXENA Sohn, gen. nov. A replacement name for Xena Martins-Neto, 1999. = Xena Martins-Neto, 1999: 533. A junior homonym of Xena Nartshuk, 1964 [Diptera: Chloropidae]. Type species: Xena nana Martins-Neto, 1999. nana Martins-Neto, 1999: 533, figs. 2?3 (Xena). comb. nov. CI (adult: whole body)/LPUSP (HT: RGMN-T030)/Brazil: Cear? State, ca. 4 km from Santana do Cairiri, Nova Olinda (Crato Fm.)/Late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1990a: 126 (undescribed Eolepidopterigina). CI (not stated)/not stated/not stated/Late Jurassic?Early Cretaceous. Suborder Zeugloptera Chapman, 1917 [extant] = Micropterigina Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1855 Superfamily MICROPTERIGOIDEA Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1855 [extant] Family MICROPTERIGIDAE Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1855 [extant] BALTIMARTYRIA Skalski, 1995: 27. Type species: Micropteryx [sic] proavittella Rebel, 1936. = Paragrionympha; Skalski, 1976c: 223. Nomen nudum (see Kristensen and Nielsen, 1979: 141). proavittella Rebel, 1936: 185, fig. 17 (Micropteryx [sic]); Whalley, 1977: 526 (Sabatinca); Skalski, 1995: 28, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6 (Baltimartyria). = Micropteryx [sic] proavitella [sic]; Kusnezov, 1941: 69. AM (adult: whole body)/GPUT (HT: no. 1450/1=LEP.SUCC. 238 IGPT/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prus- sian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. rasnitsyni Mey, 2011: 333, figs. 1-11 (Baltimartyria). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB.I 5950)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 15 MICROPTERIX H?bner, 1825 [extant]SOHN ET AL. 16 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press = Electrocrania Kusnezov, 1941: 19. Type species: Electrocrania immensipalpa Kusnezov, 1941. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 17) questioned the synonymy of Electrocrania with Micropterix sug- gested by Kozlov (1988). They were uncertain whether Electrocrania was homoneurous or glossatan. angelica Jarzembowski, 1980: 263, fig. 49 (Micropterix). CI (adult: partial forewing)/BMNH (HT: In.17411)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/Late Priabonian, Late Eocene. gertraudae Kurz and Kurz, 2010: electronic source (Micropterix). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, Michael Kurz, Hallein-Rif, Austria (HT: MK-14295)/Russia: Kalinin- grad, Yantarny (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. immensipalpa Kusnezov, 1941: 20, figs. 1?3 (Electrocrania); Kozlov, 1988: 26 , fig. 2 (Micropterix). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 8)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62, fig. 80 (Micropterix). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (1 ex: no. 15510)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author stated that this record was based on an identification by Skalski. It could be one of the spec- imens in Skalski?s papers. ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Micropterix); Skalski, 1990a: 126 [multiple species]; Skalski in Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 24. AM (not stated)/not stated (> 2 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. MOLEROPTERIX Engel and Kinzelbach, 2008: 1444. Type species: Moleropterix kalbei Engel and Kinzelbach, 2008. kalbei Engel and Kinzelbach, 2008: 1445, figs. 1, 2 (Moleropterix). CI (adult: forewing)/KNHM (HT: KU-NHM-ENT FFD-002)/Denmark: Fur Island, Stolleklint Clay (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. PALAEOSABATINCA Kozlov, 1988: 26. Type species: Palaeosabatinca zherichini Kozlov, 1988. zherichini Kozlov, 1988: 27, fig. 3 (Palaeosabatinca). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 3064/515)/Russia: Transbaikalia, Baisa, left bank of Vitim River (Zaza Fm.)/Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous. PARASABATINCA Whalley, 1978: 73. Type species: Parasabatinca aftimacrai Whalley, 1978. aftimacrai Whalley, 1978: 73, pl. 11: 1?3, pl. 12: 1?3, pl. 13: 1, pl. 14: 1 (Parasabatinca). AM (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT: ?embedded in plastic?; PT: 2 ex)/Lebanon: Hammana, Mdeyrij (Lebanese Amber, Gr?s de Basa Fm. or lateral equivalents)/Hauterivian?Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 17) confirmed placement of this fossil in the so-called Sabatinca group, based on two apomorphies. It is the earliest definitive Micropterigidae. caldasae Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989: 460, figs. 1a?e (Parasabatinca).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, Maria A. Vulcano, S?o Paulo, Brazil (HT: CV-146); IGUSP (PT: CD- 129, GP/1T-1630); DGUFC (PT: AMA-I-01)/Brazil: Cear? State, ca. 4 km from Santana do Cairiri, Nova Olinda (Crato Fm.)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. SABATINCA Walker, 1863 [extant] perveta Cockerell, 1919: 23 (Micropteryx [sic]); Rebel, 1936: 165 (Mnesarchaea); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (Dyseri- ocrania); Skalski, 1973c: 650 (Mnemonica); Whalley, 1977: 526 (Sabatinca); Ross and York, 2000: 14, fig. 6. AM (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT: In.19135)/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Skalski, 1990a: 126 (Sabatinca group) [multiple species]. = Saxibatinca meyi Skalski in Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 24. Nomen nudum [manuscript name]. AM (not stated)/not stated (several specimens)/Germany: Tagebau Goitsche, Bitterfeld Coal Mine (Saxonian Amber, Cottbus Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski in Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 24 (sabatincoid-like micropterigid) AM (not stated)/not stated (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Ansorge, 2002: 72, fig. 15 (two Lepidoptera related to Micropterigidae). CI (adult: forewing)/MNHU (2 ex: LGA 1500; LGA 2017)/Germany: Mecklenburg, Grimmen (Gr?ne Serie)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. ?Azar et al., 2010: 286, 288, fig. 36c (micropterigid moth). AM (adult: whole body)/not stated/Lebanon: Hammana, Mdeyrij (Lebanese Amber, Gr?s de Basa Fm. or lateral equivalents)/Hauterivian?Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Grimaldi et al., 2002: 11, fig. 42c (Micropterigidae); Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 562, fig. 13: 17. AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: Bu701)/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Mart?nez-Delcl?s et al., 1999: 14 (Micropterigidae). AM (adult: whole body)/?MCNV/Spain: Basque County, ?lava, Pe?acerrada (Nograro Fm.)/Aptian, Early Creta- ceous. Comment: The author compared wing venation in this fossil to Parasabatinca and Undopterix. It is possibly the same fossil referred to as ?Lepidoptera? by Alonso et al. (2000). ?Rasnitsyn and Ross, 2000: 24 (Micropterigidae) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/BMNH (3 ex: In.20167; In.20168; In.20204)/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Questionably placed in Micropterigidae AULIEPTERIX Kozlov, 1989: 40. Type species: Auliepterix mirabilis Kozlov, 1989 Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 17) questioned the micropterigid association of this genus due to the lack of apomorphies supporting the relationship. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 17 minima Kozlov, 1989: 40, fig. 1c (Auliepterix).SOHN ET AL. 18 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 4307/39)/Mongolia: Ara-Khangayskiy Aymak, 6km west of Khotont Somon, the northern part of Ukha (Arkhangai Fm.)/Tithonian?Berriasian, Late Jurassic?Early Cretaceous boundary (Lukashevich, 1996). mirabilis Kozlov, 1989: 40, fig. 1d (Auliepterix). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2997/858,891)/Kazakhstan: Chimkent Oblast, Chayan district, Aulie close to the village of Mikhailovka (Karabastau Fm.)/Oxfordian?Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic. GENUS incertae sedis ?K?hne et al., 1973: 63, fig. 1 (Micropterix); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (uncertain). AM (adult: 3 types of wing scales)/PIFU (150 ex)/France: Sarthe, Quarry 2.5km S of Durtal (Aquitanian Amber)/ Albian?Cenomanian, Early?Late Cretaceous boundary. ?Richter, 1988: 122, fig. 8 (Micropterigidae). GC (adult: cuticular fragments and wing scales)/FNSF/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Messel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Schl?ter, 1974: 254, figs. 1?2 (Micropterigidae); Schl?ter, 1975: 157, fig. 5. AM (adult: wing scales)/?PIFU/France: Durtal, Angouleme Fouras, Rochefort (Aquitanian Amber)/ Albian?Cenomanian, Early?Late Cretaceous boundary. Suborder Glossata Fabricius, 1775 SUPERFAMILY incertae sedis PROTOLEPIS Kozlov, 1989: 41. Type species: Protolepis cuprealata Kozlov, 1989. cuprealata Kozlov, 1989: 41, fig. 1e (Protolepis). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2066/3564)/Kazakhstan: Chimkent Oblast, Chayan district, Aulie close to the village of Mikhailovka (Karabastau Fm.)/Oxfordian?Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 16) cited this as one of the earliest Glossata but also raised the possibility that its re-examination might not confirm its glossatan relationship. GENUS incertae sedis ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 564, fig. 13: 21 (glossatan moth). AM (larva: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: JG 19/70)/Lebanon: Hammana, Mdeyrij (Lebanese Amber, Gr?s de Basa Fm. or lateral equivalents)/Hauterivian?Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 564, fig. 13: 22 (glossatan moth). AM (adult)/AMNH (1 ex: NJ)/USA: New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Sayreville (New Jersey Amber, Raritan Fm.)/ Turonian, Late Cretaceous. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 568, fig. 13: 28 (glossatan moth). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: NJ-638)/USA: New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Sayreville (New Jersey Amber, Raritan Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. ?Grimaldi et al., 2002: 11, fig. 42d (Glossata).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: Bu187)/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Rust, 1999: 347 (glossatan moth). CI (adult: various)/MHMM (3 ex: MM 11-A2083; 6M-2127; 14M-5226)/Denmark: Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Wedmann, 2000: 107?108, fig. 46 (glossatan moth) [two species]. CI (pupa)/NMLN (2 ex: no. 5404; no. 8831)/Germany: Rhineland?Palatinate, Westerwald (Enspel Fm.)/Chattian, Late Oligocene. Superfamily ERIOCRANIOIDEA Rebel, 1901 [extant] Family ERIOCRANIIDAE Rebel, 1901 [extant] cf. ERIOCRANIELLA Viette, 1949 [extant] ?Opler, 1973: 1321, fig. 1b (cf. Eriocraniella). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Idaho, Thorn Creek (Payette Fm.)/Tortonian, Late Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus simulata Knowlt. Questionably placed in Eriocraniidae ERIOCRANITES Kernbach, 1967: 104 (Eriocraniidae); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (uncertain). Type species: Eriocranites hercynicus Kernbach, 1967. A subsequent designation by Clark et al. (1971: 582). hercynicus Kernbach, 1967: 104, fig. 2 (Eriocranites). CI (adult: wings)/GPUG (HT: 596-1=16283)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). GENUS incertae sedis ?Kozlov et al., 2002: 225, fig. 300 (Suborder Eriocraniina). CI (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (1 ex: PIN 2784/1933)/Kazakhstan: Karatau (Karabastau Fm.)/Oxfordian?Kim- meridgian, Late Jurassic. ?Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (Eriocraniidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (Eriocraniidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Superfamily LOPHOCORONOIDEA Common, 1990 [extant] Family LOPHOCORONIDAE Common, 1973 [extant] Questionably placed in Lophocoronidae Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 19 GENUS incertae sedisSOHN ET AL. 20 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Skalski, 1979c: 63, fig. 1 (Lophocoronidae). AM (adult: whole body)/not stated/Russia: Siberia, E Taimyr, Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, Chatanga (Taimyr Amber, Kheta Fm.)/Coniacian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: Nielsen and Kristensen (1996) criticized the assignment of this fossil to Lophocoronidae. Infraorder Exoporia Dugdale, 1974 [extant] Superfamily MNESARCHAEOIDEA Eyer, 1924 [extant] Family MNESARCHAEIDAE Eyer, 1924 [extant] Questionably placed in Mnesarchaeidae GENUS incertae sedis ?Zherikhin and Sukacheva, 1973: 20 [in table] (Mnesarchaeidae); Rohdendorf and Zherikhin, 1974: 83, fig. 1 [left upper]; Skalski, 1979c: 63. AM (adult: forewing)/not stated [?PIRAS] (1ex)/Russia: Siberia, E Taimyr, Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, Chatanga (Taimyr Amber, Kheta Fm.)/Coniacian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998) doubted the assignment of this fossil to Mnesarchaeidae. Superfamily HEPIALOIDEA Stephens, 1829 [extant] Family HEPIALIDAE Stephens, 1829 [extant] OIOPHASSUS Zhang, 1989: 93. Type species: Oiophassus nycterus Zhang, 1989. nycterus Zhang, 1989: 94, fig. 75, pl. 20: 4 (Oiophassus). CI (adult: wings)/SFML (HT: s82702)/China: Shandong Prov., Lingu, Shanwang (Shanwang Fm.)/Langhian, Mid- dle Miocene. OXYCANUS Walker, 1855 [extant] cf. antipoda Herrich-Sch?ffer, [1853] (Epiolus) [extant]; Keble, 1947: 49 (cf. fuscomaculatus) [fossil]. SI (larva: whole body)/MVVA (2 ex: P16153; P16154)/Australia: Victoria, Pejark Marsh (unconsolidated sedi- ments)/Late Holocene. PROTOHEPIALUS Pierce, 1945: 5. Type species Protohepialus comstocki Pierce, 1945. comstocki Pierce, 1945: 5, pl. 3 and 4 (Protohepialus). = Protohepialus incertus (nec Piton, 1940); Skalski, 1990a: 126. CI (adult: partial wing)/NHLA (HT: no. 3072)/USA: California, Los Angeles Co., SE Puente (Puente Fm.)/Late Miocene. Questionably placed in HepialidaeCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) PROHEPIALUS Piton, 1940: 217 (Hepialidae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (uncertain). Type species: Prohepialus incertus Piton, 1940. incertus Piton, 1940: 217, pl. 17: 1 (Prohepialus). CI (adult: whole body)/MNHN (HT: no. 426)/France: Cantal, Menat, Puy-de-D?me (spongio-diatomite beds)/ Selandrian, Middle Paleocene (Wappler et al. 2009). ?Jarzembowski, 1976: 13 (Prohepialus); Jarzembowski, 1980: 265, figs. 38, 47, 59. CI (adult: partial forewing or partial hindwing)/BMNH (3 ex: In.17464; In.64528; In.64538)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/Late Priabonian, Late Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Evans, 1931: 99, pl. 12 (Hepialidae). CI (adult: wing scales)/?GCUA/New Zealand: North Island, Waikato, near Huntly, Glen Afton mine (Waikato Coal Measures)/Priabonian, Late Eocene (Harris, 1984). Comment: Evans (1931) mentioned that Dr. R. J. Tillyard examined the scales and thought they resembled those of the extant Wiseana signata [Hepialidae]. Infraorder Heteroneura Tillyard, 1918 SUPERFAMILY incertae sedis ?Rust, 1999: 347, pl. 28: b (Heteroneura gen. et sp. indet.); Rust, 2000b: 579, fig. 1. CI (adult: whole or partial body)/MHMM (ca. 110 ex: MM 6M-2127; 14M-A2198; 14M-B2249; 14M-B2921; 14M-B2971; 14M-B4328; 14M-2337; I239; I 272; I357; I495; I613; I665; I2315; I3930; VSK2246; 5-3973; 6-3314) and private collection, Erwin Rettig, Nyk?bing, Mors, Limfjord, Denmark [now NHMD?] (6 ex: ERK SA97 K28; SA96 O23; KL96 O63; KL94 B51; KL97 R6; SK94 K51)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. Superfamily NEPTICULOIDEA Stainton, 1859 [extant] Family NEPTICULIDAE Stainton, 1859 [extant] ACALYPTRIS Meyrick, 1921 [extant] ?Skalski, 1990a: 127 (Niepeltia); Skalski, 1990b: 144 (Acalyptris). CO (adult: whole body)/not stated/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. ECTOEDEMIA Busck, 1907 [extant] ?Labandeira et al., 1994: 12279, figs. 1a?d (Ectoedemia) [multiple species]. CI and T (leaf mine)/FMUF (> 2 ex: UF12701; UF7255 etc.)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoising- ton and other localities (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Undescribed platanoids. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998) cited this record as the earliest fossil evidence of Nepticulidae and also of the extant genus Ectoedemia. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 21 ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Ectoedemia).SOHN ET AL. 22 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press AM (adult: whole body)/not stated (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. JOHANSSONIELLA Ko?ak, 1981 [extant], a replacement name for Johanssonia Borkowski, 1972. ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Johanssonia). CO (not stated)/not stated (1 ex)/not stated/not stated. cf. STIGMELLA Schrank, 1802 [extant] almeidae Martins-Neto, 1989: 381, pl. 1: c (?Nepticula). CI and T (leaf mine)/IGUSP (HT: GP/1T-1644)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Trememb?, along the road that connects Rodovia Presidente Dutra with Campos do Jord?o (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligo- cene?Early Miocene boundary. Fossil plant host: Symplocaceae ?Symplocos sp. ulmivora Fologne, 1860 (Nepticula) [extant]; Kernbach, 1967: 106, fig. 5 [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: 596-4=9111)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: not stated [?Ulmaceae]. ?Donner and Wilkinson, 1989: 9 (cf. Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/private collection, Christopher Wilkinson, Botswana/Kazakhstan: no details/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. ?Kinzelbach, 1970: 94, 96, fig. 1 (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/HLDG (1 ex: Me7408)/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Messel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Fossil plant host: Moraceae. ?Kuroko, 1987: 119, fig. 1 (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/private collection, Tachu Koshimizu, Nagano, Japan (1 ex)/Japan: central Honshu, the border between Nagano and Gumma Prefectures (Kabutoiwa Plant Bed)/?Tortonian?Messinian, Late Miocene. Fossil plant host: Betulaceae ?cf. Betula grossa Sieb. et Zucc. ?Labandeira, 1998a: 110, figs. 3d?e (Stigmella) [2 spp.]. CI and T (leaf mine)/FMUF (2 ex: UF7252; UF16173)/USA: Kansas, Cloud Co., Braun's Ranch (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Laurales ?Pabiana kvacekii Upchurch et Dilcher; an unidentified angiosperm. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998) cited this record as the earliest fossil evidence of Nepticulidae and also of the extant genus Stigmella. ?Labandeira, 2002a: 45, figs. 4a?b (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 57293a)/USA: Washington, Whatcom Co., near Bellingham (Chuckanut Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Labandeira, 2002a: 45, figs. 4e?g (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 76477)/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Mountain Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Fossil plant host: Rosaceae ?cf. Sorbus. Comment: The author stated that the fossil mine is particularly similar to those made by the extant Stigmella nylan- driella Tengstr?m and S. magdalenae Klimesch. ?Labandeira et al., 1994: 12279, 12280, figs. 1e?h (Stigmella) [multiple species].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI and T (leaf mine)/FMUF (3 ex: UF12712; UF4811; UF12718 etc.)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Rose Creek, Hoishington and other localities (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Laurales ?Pandemophyllum kvacekii Upchurch et Dilcher. ?Labandeira et al., 2002b: 2062, fig. 1h (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/PMNH (1 ex: no. 6367a)/USA: SW North Dakota, Williston Basin, near Marmarth (Hell Creek Fm.)/latest Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Rosaceae ?cf. Rubus. ?Liebhold et al., 1982: 456, figs. 1?2 (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP (1 ex: no. 8437)/USA: Southern Idaho (Trapper Creek Fm.)/early Langhian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Berberidaceae ?Mahonia reticulata (MacGinitie) Brown. ?Opler, 1973: 1321, fig. 1a (Nepticula). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: California, San Luis Obispo Co., Temblor Range (Temblor Fm.)/Middle Mio- cene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?cf. Quercus virginiana Mill. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (Nepticula). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Nye Co., Cedar Mountains, Upper Goldyke (Esmeralda Fm.)/Serraval- lian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus hanibalii Dorf. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (Nepticula) [2 spp.?]. CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP (2 ex)/USA: Idaho, Thorn Creek (Payette Fm.)/Middle to Late Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus simulata Knowlt.; Lithocarpus sp. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (Nepticula). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Churchill Co., Buffalo Canyon (Buffalo Canyon Fm.)/Langhian, Mid- dle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus hanibalii Dorf. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (Nepticula). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Lyon Co., near Yerington (Aldritch Station Fm.)/Zanclean, Early Plio- cene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus hanibalii Dorf. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (Nepticula); Opler, 1974: 74, pl. 7. CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Storey Co., Dead Camel Range (Chloropagus Fm.)/Serravallian, Mid- dle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus wislizenoides Axelrod. Comment: The author stated that it is indistinguishable from mines made by living Nepticula variella Braun. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (?Nepticula). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Oregon, Columbia Plateau, Blue Mountains, Stinking Water (Mascall Fm.)/Ser- ravallian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus pseudolyrata (Lesq.). ?Stephenson, 1991: 168, 170 (Mine type TLm1, TLm2a, TLm2b, TLm3); Stephenson and Scott, 1992: 547, figs. 5: b, d, e, f, h, figs. 6: d, e; Lang et al., 1995: 159?162, 165?168, 170, figs. 3a, 3b, 3d, 3g, 3h, 4a?g, 4i?k, 4m, 4n, pl. 2: 2, 3, 7, 9, pl. 3: 1?3, 5, 6 [multiple species]. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 23 CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (13 ex: V.45868; V.48524; V.48798; V.49808; V.49905; V.50089; V.50460; V.50622; SOHN ET AL. 24 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press V.50698; V.50731; V.50733; V.50904; V.50952)/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The authors used analogies to recent leaf mines to characterize the fossils, but it is not clear that they intended to link various fossil taxa with extant species (see Lang et al. 1995 for the analog). ?Wilf et al., 2005: 8944 (Stigmella). CI and T (leaf mine)/MPEF/Argentina: Patagonia, Chubut, Laguna del Hunco (Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco)/Ypre- sian, Early Eocene (Genise and Petrulevicius, 2001). STIGMELLITES Kernbach, 1967: 104. Type species: Stigmellites heringi Kernbach, 1967. A subsequent designation by Clark et al. (1971: 582). araliae Fritsch, 1882: 6, pl. 2: 7 (Tinea); Zherikhin, 1978: 74 (Eriocranioidea); Kozlov, 1988: 30 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated [lost?]/Czech Republic: Bohemia, Perucher-Schichten, Vy?erovic; Bohemia, Perucher-Schichten, Lipenz (Perucher Fm.)/Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Araliaceae. balticus Kozlov, 1988: 30, fig. 4 (Stigmellites); Skalski, 1990b: 144 (uncertain). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: no. 15-1-4)/Baltic Region (Bal- tic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. carpiniorientalis Straus, 1977: 60, fig. 62 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (HT: 22763; PT: 22134)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacen- zian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Betulaceae ?Carpinus orientalis Mill. [extant]. centennis Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 (?Stigmellites). = Mine type 2; Crane and Jarzembowski, 1980: 633, fig. 4, 9. CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (HT: In.64549)/United Kingdom: S England, Berkshire, Newbury, Cold Ash (Read- ing Fm.)/Thanetian, Late Paleocene. Fossil plant host: ?Fabaceae. fossilis Heyden, 1862: 77, pl. 10: 2 (Nepticula); Opler, 1973: 1321 (dipterous mine); Kozlov, 1988: 31 (Stigmel- lites). CI and T (leaf mine)/originally collection of the Senckenberg Nature-Study Society, Frankfurt [not found, probably lost]/Germany: Rhineland, Wetterau and R?hn, Niederrhein, Siebengebirge (Rott Fm.)/Chattian, Late Oligo- cene. Fossil plant host: Juglandaceae ?Juglans acuminata Braun. gossi Jarzembowski, 1989: 448 (?Stigmellites). = Mine type 1; Crane and Jarzembowski, 1980: 632, figs. 6, 8. CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (HT: In.64547; PT: In.64548)/United Kingdom: S England, Berkshire, Newbury, Cold Ash (Reading Fm.)/Thanetian, Late Paleocene. Comment: Crane and Jarzembowski (1980) stated that this mine is similar to an unidentified species of Stigmella on Quercus cerris L. heringi Kernbach, 1967: 104, fig. 3 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (HT: 596-2=11137)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2002). kzyldzharicus Kozlov, 1988: 32, fig. 5, pl. 2: 1 (Stigmellites); Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 572, fig. 13: 32.CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) = Eriocraniidae mine; Zherikhin, 1978: 79. = Nepticulidae mine; Skalski, 1979c: 64. CI and T (leaf mine)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2383/206; PT: PIN 2383/214)/Kazakhstan: Kzyl-Ordinsky Region, Chilin- sky, northwest spur of Karatau mountain range, Kzyl-Dzhar (Beleuty Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Platanaceae ?Platanus ambicula Vachr.; Platanus sp. messelensis Straus, 1976: 446 (Stigmellites). = ?worm or larva?: Bornhardt, 1975: 471. CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated (in unspecified private collector?s possession)/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Messel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. pliotityrellus Kernbach, 1967: 106, fig. 4 (Stigmella); Kozlov, 1988: 32 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (HT: 596-3=3050)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Fagus sp. samsonovi Kozlov, 1988: 33, pl. 2: 3 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2383/209)/Kazakhstan: Kzyl-Ordinsky Region, Chilinsky, northwest spur of Karatau mountain range, Kzyl-Dzhar (Beleuty Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Trochodendroides arctica (Heer) Berry. serpentina Kozlov, 1988: 32, pl. 2: 2 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2383/205)/Kazakhstan: Kzyl-Ordinsky Region, Chilinsky, northwest spur of Karatau mountain range, Kzyl-Dzhar (Beleuty Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Trochodendroides arctica (Heer) Berry. sharovi Kozlov, 1988: 33, pl. 2: 4 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2383/208)/Kazakhstan: Kzyl-Ordinsky Region, Chilinsky, northwest spur of Karatau mountain range, Kzyl-Dzhar (Beleuty Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Trochodendroides arctica (Heer) Berry. tyshchenkoi Kozlov, 1988: 33, pl. 2: 5 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2383/211)/Kzyl-Ordinsky Region, Chilinsky, northwest spur of Karatau mountain range, Kzyl-Dzhar (Beleuty Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Platanaceae ?Platanus latior Knowlt. zelkovae Straus, 1977: 61, fig. 14 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (HT: no. 23973)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Ulmaceae ?Zelkova sp. Comment: Straus (1977) attributed this fossil to Stigmellites because of its similarity to extant nepticulid leaf mines. ?Jarzembowski, 1995: 146 (Stigmellites). CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/ Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 270, fig. 50 (species A); Kozlov, 1988: 32 (Stigmellites). CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex: I.9492)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bould- nor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. . Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 25 ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 271 (species B); Kozlov, 1988: 32 (Stigmellites).SOHN ET AL. 26 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex: In.64540)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (nepticulid mine). = ?galleries?; Berry, 1916: 32, pl. 23: 3, pl. 31: 1, 3, pl. 38: 4, pl. 39, pl. 92. = ?healed wounds on leaf?; Brooks, 1955: 4, 6, pl. 1: 5. CI and T (leaf mine)/USNM/USA: Tennessee, Henry Co., SW of Puryear, Wilcox deposits (Claiborne Fm.)/late Ypresian, Early Eocene. Fossil plant host: ?Proteaceae ?Proteoides wilcoxensis Berry. ?Donner and Wilkinson, 1989: 9 (Nepticulidae) [multiple species?]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GDVU/not stated/Middle Miocene. ?Donner and Wilkinson, 1989: 9 (Nepticulidae) [multiple species?]. CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated (2 ex)/North America: no details/Middle Miocene. ?Labandeira, 2002b: 49, 252, fig. 2.10e (Nepticulidae). CI and T (leaf mine)/USNM /USA: Wyoming, Washakie Co., Big Cedar Ridge (Meeteetsee Fm.) /early Maastrich- tian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Cercidiphyllum sp. ?Pe?alver and Delcl?s, 2004: 82, fig. 6: 2. pl. 2: 2 (Nepticulidae). = ?leaf-mine?; Pe?alver and Delcl?s, 1997: 150, fig. 1. CI and T (leaf mine)/MCNV (1 ex: MPV RIB-242)/Spain: Castell?n Prov., near Ribesalbes, ?La Rinconada? site (bituminous rhythmites)/Aquitanian, Early Miocene. Fossil plant host: Lauraceae ?Laurophyllum sp. ?Skalski, 1979c: 64 (Nepticulidae); Boucot, 1990: 108, fig. 102. CI and T (leaf mine)/?PIRAS/Kazakhstan: Karatau (Karabastau Fm.)/Oxfordian?Kimmeridgian, Early Jurassic. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Trochodendroides arctica (Heer) Berry. ?Stephenson, 1991: 154?156, 163 (Mine type KLmla, KLm1b, KLm1c, KLm2, KLm3, KLm11) [multiple spe- cies]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GBIU (32 ex: IU15706-4811; IU15706-7525; IU15706-7528; IU15709-4818; IU15709-7531; IU15709-7535; IU15706-4539; IU15706-7521; IU15706-7525; IU15706-7527; IU15706-4810; IU15703- 3856; IU15703-7523a; IU15706-7255; IU15706-7256; IU15709-3950; IU15709-4819; IU15713-4696; IU15713-4834; IU15713-4936; IU15713-7242; IU15713-7243; IU15713-7244; IU15713-7245; IU15713- 7246; IU15723-7247; IU15713-7248; IU15713-7249; IU15713-7324; IU15706-4536; IU15706-7113; IU15714-7250)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: The author suggested that recent analogs of these fossils are leaf mines caused by various species of Stigmella and other nepticulid moth larvae. Questionably placed in Nepticulidae ?Rozefelds, 1988a: 4, figs. 3a?c (Nepticulidae) [multiple species]. CI and T (leaf mine)/MVVA (1 ex: NMVP183064)/Australia: Victoria, Alcoa Anglesea Coal Mine, S38?25? E144?11? (Eastern View Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. Fossil plant host: Lauraceae.CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) ?Rozefelds, 1988b: 77, fig. 2 (Nepticulidae); Labandeira et al. 1994: 12281 (?Nepticulidae). CI and T (leaf mine)/QMSB (1 ex: QMF15346)/Australia: North Queensland, Cape York Peninsula, Cape Mel- ville, Clack Island (Battle Camp Fm.)/Tithonian?Berriasian, Late Jurassic?Early Cretaceous boundary. Fossil plant host: Umkomasiaceae ?Pachyteris crassa (Halle) Townrow. Comment: If this mine indeed is a nepticulid lepidopteran, it would establish the clade on a preangiospermous seed-fern lineage, the Umkomasiaceae (Corystospermales). Clade Eulepidoptera B?rner, 1939 [extant] Clade Incurvariina B?rner, 1939 [extant] Superfamily ADELOIDEA Bruand, 1850 [extant] Family HELIOZELIDAE Heineman and Wocke, 1876 [extant] cf. ANTISPILA H?bner, 1825 [extant] ?Labandeira, 2002a: 45, figs. 4l?n (cf. Antispila). CI and T (leaf mine)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 36831)/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Mountain Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Fossil plant host: Myricaceae ?Comptonia columbiana Dawson. GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Heliozelidae). AM (not stated)/not stated (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family ADELIDAE Bruand, 1850 [extant] ADELA Latreille, 1796 [extant] kuznetzovi Kozlov, 1987: 59, fig. 1a (Adela). AM (adult: whole body)/PAML (HT: Ap-1484)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. similis Kozlov, 1987: 60, fig. 1b (Adela). AM (adult: whole body)/PAML (HT: Eo-14160/Ap-3466)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ADELITES Rebel, 1934a: 373. Type species: Adelites electreella Rebel, 1934. acutitarsellus Rebel, 1936: 168, fig. 2 (Prophalonia); Skalski, 1976b: 201 (?Prophalonia); Kozlov, 1988: 29 (Adelites). = Adelites scutitarsella [sic]; Keilbach, 1982: 313. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 27 AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L5)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle SOHN ET AL. 28 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Eocene. electreellus Rebel, 1934a: 15 (Adelites). = ?Adelites?; Rebel, 1934b: 373 [no description]. = Adelites electrella [sic]; Keilbach, 1982: 313. AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-3)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. purpurascens Rebel, 1936: 184 (Adelites); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (?Adelites). AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: no. 179)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. serraticornellus Rebel, 1936: 183, fig. 16 (Adelites). AM (adult: whole body)/GPUT (HT: 3B662)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1990a: 127 (Adelidae) [multiple species]. AM (not stated)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family INCURVARIIDAE Spuler, 1898 [extant] INCURVARIA Haworth, 1828 [extant] cf. oehlmanniella H?bner, 1796 (Tinea) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 59, fig. 44 [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 15427)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: ?Ericaceae ?cf. Vaccinium. ?Hering, 1957 (Incurvaria sp.) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 59?60, fig. 55 [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 21313)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Berberidaceae ?Berberis sp. ?Skalski, 1990a: 127 (Incurvaria). CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated/not stated/Pliocene. PROPHALONIA Rebel, 1936: 167 (Tortricidae); Skalski, 1973b: 342 (Tineoidea); Skalski, 1976b: 200 (Incurvari- idae). Type species: Prophalonia gigas Rebel, 1936. gigas Rebel, 1936: 167, fig. 1 (Prophalonia). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L4)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedisCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) ?Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62 (Incurvariidae). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (1 ex: no. 17864)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author stated that this record was based on an identification by Skalski. ?Labandeira, 1998b: 20, fig. 2d (Incurvariidae). CI and T (leaf mine)/USNM/USA: Utah, Uintah Co., Bonanza locality (Green River Fm.)/Ypresian, Middle Eocene. Fossil plant host: Platanaceae ?Macginitiea wyomingensis (Knowlton et Cockerell) Manchester. Comment: The author stated that this fossil is similar to feeding damage by the extant genus Paraclemensia. ?Labandeira, 2002a: 46, figs. 4h?i (aff. Incurvaria). CI and T (leaf mine)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 71371)/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Mountain Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Fossil plant host: Cornaceae ?Aucuba sp. ?Labandeira, 2002a: 46 (probably incurvariid damage). = holes made by a fungus; Schaarschmidt, 1992: fig. 34. CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Messel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Fossil plant host: Lauraceae ?Laurophyllum. ?Skalski, 1979c: 63 (Incurvariidae). AM (adult: whole body)/not stated/Russia: Siberia, E Taimyr, Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, Chatanga (Taimyr Amber, Kheta Fm.)/Coniacian, Late Cretaceous. Questionably placed in Incurvariidae INCURVARITES Rebel, 1934a: 14 (Incurvariidae); Skalski, 1976b: 200 (?Incurvariidae). Type species: Incurvarites alienella Rebel, 1934. = Incurvariites [sic]; Whalley, 1986: 260 [in figure legend]. alienellus Rebel, 1934a: 14, fig. 6 (Incurvarites). = ?Incurvarites?; Rebel, 1934b: 373 [no description]. AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-10)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Whalley, 1978: 77, pl. 13: 3?4 (Incurvariidae); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (uncertain). AM (adult: wing scales)/BMNH/Lebanon: Hammana, Mdeyrij (Lebanese Amber, Gr?s de Basa Fm. or lateral equivalents)/Hauterivian?Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 29 FAMILY incertae sedisSOHN ET AL. 30 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Krassilov and Shuklina, 2008: 243, fig. 3if (incurvarioid case construction holes). CI and T (leaf damage)/IEUH (>1 ex: IG1-739; etc.)/Israel: Negev Desert, central Negev, Makhtesh Ramon (Upper Hatira Fm.); Negev Desert, southern Negev, Arava Valley, Gerofit (Ora Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Eocercidiphyllites glandulosus Krassilov. Clade Etimonotrysia Minet, 1984 [extant] Superfamily TISCHERIOIDEA Spuler, 1898 [extant] Family TISCHERIIDAE Spuler, 1898 [extant] Questionably placed in Tischeriidae GENUS incertae sedis ?Stephenson, 1991: 166 (Mine type KLm14). CI and T (leaf mine)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15808-7545)/USA: Tennessee, Carroll Co., Vale, Cooper Pit (Ripley Fm.)/ Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: The author suggested that recent analogs of these fossils are leaf mines caused by extant Tischeria sp. Clade Ditrysia B?rner, 1825 [extant] Superfamily TINEOIDEA Latreille, 1810 [extant] Family TINEIDAE Latreille, 1810 [extant] Subfamily ACROLOPHINAE Busck, 1912 [extant] ACROLOPHUS Poey, 1832 [extant] ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: fig. 13: 36 (Acrolophus). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 18, 25 (Acrolophidae). AM (unknown)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Subfamily DRYADAULINAE Bradley, 1966 [extant] cf. DRYADAULA Meyrick, 1893 [extant] ?Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 18 (cf. Choropleca). AM (unknown)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Subfamily HIEROXESTINAE Meyrick, 1893 [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) cf. OPOGONA Zeller, 1853 [extant] ?Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 18 (cf. Opogona). AM (unknown)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Subfamily MEESSIINAE Capuse, 1966 [extant] ELECTROMEESIA Kozlov, 1987: 63; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Meessiinae). Type species: Electromeessia zaguljaevi Kozlov, 1987. zaguljaevi Kozlov, 1987: 63, fig. 2d (Electromeessia). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 363/77)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PALAEOINFURCITINEA Kozlov, 1987: 62; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Meessiinae). Type species: Palaeoinfurcitinea rohdendorfi Kozlov, 1987. rohdendorfi Kozlov, 1987: 62, fig. 2c (Palaeoinfurcitinea). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 964/661)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PARATRIAXOMASIA Jarzembowski, 1980: 267; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Meessiinae). Type species: Paratriaxomasia solentensis Jarzembowski, 1980. solentenis Jarzembowski, 1980: 267, fig. 53 (Paratriaxomasia). CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT: In.9166)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bould- nor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. SIMULOTENIA Skalski, 1977: 16; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Meessiinae). Type species: Simulotenia intermedia Skalski, 1977. intermedia Skalski, 1977: 16, figs. 10?11, pl. 1: 1, pl. 2: 1 (Simulotenia). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (HT: 49/3 G/9 no. 1535/8, 3 MZ/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. TINEOLAMIMA Rebel, 1934a: 13; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Meessiinae). Type species: Tineolamima aurella Rebel, 1934. = Tineolamina [sic]; Keilbach, 1982: 314. aurella Rebel, 1934a: 13, pl. 1: 5 (Tineolamima); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (?Tineolamima). = Tineidae (s. l.); Rebel, 1934b: 373 (part). AM (adult: whole body)/originally BPGM (HT: L-1)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 31 EUDARCIA Clemens, 1860 [extant]SOHN ET AL. 32 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 18, fig. 2 (Eudarcia) AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (1 ex: T069)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily MYRMECOZELINAE Zagulajev, 1968 [extant] MARTYNEA Kusnezov, 1941: 24; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Myrmecozelinae). Type species: Martynea rebeli Kusnezov, 1941. rebeli Kusnezov, 1941: 27, figs. 9?10 (Martynea). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 14)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PSEUDOCEPHITINEA Kozlov, 1987: 62; Kozlov, 1988: 36 (Myrmecozelinae). Type species: Pseudocephitinea svetlanae Kozlov, 1987. svetlanae Kozlov, 1987: 62, fig. 2b (Pseudocephitinea). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 367/78)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily SCARDIINAE Eyer, 1924 [extant] GLESSOSCARDIA Kusnezov, 1941: 39; Kozlov, 1988: 35 (Scardiinae). Type species: Glessoscardia gerasimovi Kusnezov, 1941. gerasimovi Kusnezov, 1941: 43, figs. 27?28 (Glessoscardia). AM (larva: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 16)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PALAEOSCARDITES Kusnezov, 1941: 36; Kozlov, 1988: 35 (Scardiinae). Type species: Palaeoscardiites mordvilkoi Kusnezov, 1941. mordvilkoi Kusnezov, 1941: 37, figs. 20?24 (Palaeoscardiites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 7)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PROSCARDITES Kusnezov, 1941: 33; Kozlov, 1988: 35 (Scardiinae). Type species: Proscardiites martynovi Kuznezov, 1941. martynovi Kusnezov, 1941: 34, figs. 16?19 (Proscardiites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 5)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SCARDITES Kusnezov, 1941: 30; Kozlov, 1988: 35 (Scardiinae). Type species: Scardiites meyricki Kusnezov, 1941. meyricki Kusnezov, 1941: 32, figs. 13?15 (Scardiites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 2)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily TINEINAE Latreille, 1810 [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) cf. CERATOPHAGA Petersen, 1957 [extant] ?Hill, 1987: 543, fig. B2 (cf. Ceratophaga). SI and T (larval feeding damage)/not stated [private collection, Mary Leakey?] (>1 ex: LAET 75 958 7E; etc.)/Tan- zania: Laetoli, Upper Laetoli Beds (Laetoli Fm.); Olduvai Gorge, site FLK (Olduvai Fm.) and Ethiopia: Omo Basin (Shungura Fm.)/?Piacenzian, Late Pliocene?Early Pleistocene boundary. Comment: These fossils are larval feeding damage on bovid horn cores. MONOPIBALTIA Skalski, 1974: 98; Kozlov, 1988: 35 (Tineinae). Type species: Monopibaltia ignitella Skalski, 1974. ignitella Skalski, 1974: 98, figs. 7?10 (Monopibaltia). AM (adult: whole body)/IPEG (HT: LEP.SUCC.11 DEI/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lute- tian, Middle Eocene. PALAEOTINEA Kozlov, 1987: 60; Kozlov, 1988: 35 (Tineinae). Type species: Palaeotinea rasnitsyni Kozlov, 1987. rasnitsyni Kozlov, 1987: 61, fig. 2a (Palaeotinea). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 2-1-9)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily TILLYARDINEINAE Kozlov, 1988: 37 DYSMASIITES Kusnezov, 1941: 28; Kozlov, 1988: 37 (Tillyardineinae). Type species: Dysmasiites carpenteri Kusnezov, 1941. carpenteri Kusnezov, 1941: 29, figs. 11?12 (Dysmasiites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 3)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. TILLYARDINEA Kusnezov, 1941: 22; Kozlov, 1988: 37 (Tillyardineinae). Type species: Tillyardinea eocaenica Kusnezov, 1941. eocaenica Kusnezov, 1941: 23, figs. 5?8 (Tillyardinea). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 1)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. TINEOSEMOPSIS Skalski, 1974: 97 (Nemapogoninae); Kozlov, 1988: 37 (Tillyardineinae). Type species: Tineosemopsis decurtatus Skalski, 1974. decurtatus Skalski, 1974: 97, figs. 1?6 (Tineosemopsis). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, Oehlke Eberswalde, Germany (HT: LEP.SUCC.10 AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SUBFAMILY incertae sedis ARCHITINEA Rebel, 1934a: 10. Type species: Architinea balticella Rebel, 1834. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 33 balticella Rebel, 1934a: 10, fig. 4 (Architinea).SOHN ET AL. 34 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press = Tineidae (s.l.); Rebel, 1934b: 373 (part). AM (whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-8)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. TINEITELLA Fletcher, 1940: 18, a replacement name for Tineites. = Tineites Kawall, 1876: 171. A junior homonym of Tineites Germar, 1842 [Ephemeroptera]. Type species: Tineites crystalli Kawall, 1876. crystalli Kawall, 1876: 171 (Tineites); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (?Tineites). SI (larva)/not stated (6 ex)/Russia: Siberia, Central Ural Mountains, Ufalei/Cenozoic. Comment: Kozlov (1988) doubted its association with Tineidae. sepositellus Rebel, 1934a: 12, fig. 5 (Architinea); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (?Architinea); Kozlov, 1988: 37 (Tineites); Fletcher, 1940: 18 (Tineitella). = Tineidae (s.l.); Rebel, 1934b: 373 (part). AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-9)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. sucinacius Kozlov, 1987: 63, fig. 3 (Tineites). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 5-2-1)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Handschin, 1944: 8, pl. 3: 7?10, 13 (Tineidarum gen. indet.); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Tineites) [multiple species?]. SI (larva and pupa)/NHMB/France: Lot Prov., Quercy (Phosphorites Fm.)/Rupelian, Early Oligocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 575, fig. 13: 35 (Tineidae). AM and T (larval case)/AMNH (1 ex: DR11-14)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Grimaldi and Nascimbene, 2010: 180 (Tineidae) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/?AMNH/USA: New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Sayreville (New Jersey Amber, Raritan Fm.)/ Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: The authors mentioned these amber inclusions as ?definitive representatives of the recent family Tinei- dae.? ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 269, fig. 55 (Tineidae). CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex: In.9614)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bould- nor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62, fig. 81 (Tineidae). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (1 ex: no. 16212)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author stated that this record was based on an identification by Skalski. ?Menge, 1856: 28?29 (Tineidae) [multiple species]. AM (adult and larva)/not stated (67 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Menge, 1856: 28?29 (Tineidae) [multiple species].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM and T (larval case)/not stated (2 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Poinar, 1992: 162, 282 (Tineidae). AM (not stated)/?UCMP/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Poinar et al., 1991: 210, figs. 1?2 (Tineidae). AM (adult: whole body)/AIOSU (1 ex: S-1-23)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Rosenkjaer, 1906: 96, 107, 115, 120, 132 (M?l-coconer [= moth cocoon]); Henriksen, 1933: 214 (Tineidae spp.). SR (cocoon)/not stated/Denmark: Jutland, Grundudgravninger (unconsolidated sediments)/Holocene. Comment: These fossils may represent the larval cases. Henriksen (1933) considered them to have been made by the extant Tinea pellionella and/or Tineola biselliella. ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Tineidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Weitschat, 2009: 253, fig. 43 (Tineidae). AM (larva and larval case)/DBRD/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Weitschat and Wichard, 1998: 198, pl. 79: a?c (Tineidae) [multiple species]. AM (larva and larval case)/RMOD (> 3 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Tineidae GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1973a: 157, fig. 3, pl. 36 (?Tineidae) AM (adult: whole body)/PLUW (HT: no. 174, 9 IGUW/AWS)/Lithuania: Klaipedos, Palanga (Baltic Amber, Prus- sian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family PSYCHIDAE Boisduval, 1829 [extant] Subfamily OIKETICINAE Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1855 [extant] ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 18, figs. 3, 5 (Oiketicinae) [multiple species]. AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (2 ex: T279; T609)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 18, fig. 4 (Oiketicinae). AM (larval case with larva)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (1 ex: T314)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily PSYCHINAE Boisduval, 1829 [extant] PROUTIA Tutt, 1899 [extant] Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 35 ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 18, fig. 6 (Proutia).SOHN ET AL. 36 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (1 ex: T338)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily EPICHNOPTERIGINAE Tutt, 1900 [extant] REBELIA Heylaerts, 1900 [extant] ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 13 [in abstract], 16 (Rebelia). AM and T (larval case)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily NARYCIINAE Tutt, 1900 [extant] DAHLICA Enderlein, 1912 [extant] triquetrella H?bner, 1813 (Tinea) [extant]; Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 17, 19, figs. 9, 10 [fossil]. AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (2 ex: T663; T729)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily TYPHONIINAE Lederer, 1853 [extant] GENUS incertae sedis ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 19, figs. 7, 8 (Typhoniinae). AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (1 ex: T338)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SUBFAMILY incertae sedis ADELOPSYCHE Cockerell, 1926: 17 (Cossidae); Kozlov, 1988: 34 (Psychidae). Type species: Adelopsyche frustrans Cockerell, 1926. frustrans Cockerell, 1926: 18, fig. 1 (Adelopsyche). CI (adult: whole body)/UCNH (HT)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Floris- sant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. PSYCHITES Kozlov, 1988: 34. Type species: not designated. pineellus Heer, 1849: 184 (Psyche); Kozlov, 1988: 34 (Psychites). = Psyche pincella [sic]; Giebel, 1856: 189. = Psyche pioneela [sic]; Scudder, 1891: 679. CI and T (larval case)/private collection, ?Herrn [Mr.] Lavater? [lost or now possibly in PMUZ]/Switzerland: Neuch?tel Canton, Oeningen (?Molasseformatien?)/Messinian, Late Miocene. pristinellus Rebel, 1934a: 10, pl. 1: 4 (?Sterrhopteryx); Kozlov, 1988: 34 (Psychites); Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 18, fig. 1 (?Sterrhopteryx?). = ?Psychiden-S?dke?; Rebel, 1934b: 373. AM (larva and larval case)/BPGM (HT: H-8); private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (1 ex: T144)/CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Kozlov, 1988: 34, fig. 6 (Psychites). AM and T (larval case)/PIRAS (1 ex: PIN 363/79)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. BALTOPSYCHE Sohn, gen. nov. A replacement name for Palaeopsyche Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009. = PALAEOPSYCHE Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 17. A junior homonym of Palaeopsyche Perkins, 1905 [Lepi- doptera: Epipyropidae]. Type species: Palaeopsyche secundum Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009. secundum Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 17, fig. 11 (Palaeopsyche). comb. nov. AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (HT: T666; PT: T349; T618; T557); private collection, Thomas Sobczyk, Hoyerswerda, Germany (PT: ST15)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prus- sian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. transversum Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 20, fig. 12 (Palaeopsyche). comb. nov. AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (HT: T316; PT: T710); private col- lection, Thomas Sobczyk, Hoyerswerda, Germany (PT: 021TS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/ Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Bachofen-Echt, 1949: 147, fig 133?137 (Psychidae) [multiple species]. = Tineidae (s. l.); Rebel, 1934b: 373 (part) AM and T (larva and larval case)/BPGM (> 1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Menge, 1856: 27?28 (Psychidae, 7 species). AM and T (larval case)/not stated (15 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Nuorteva and Kinnunen, 2008: 117, fig. 9 (Psychidae). AM and T (larval case)/FMUH (1 ex: no. 5640)/Lithuania: Klaipedos, Palanga (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lute- tian, Middle Eocene. ?Perkovsky et al., 2003: 427, fig. 3 (Psychidae) [multiple species]. AM and T (larva and larval case)/NASU/Ukraine: northern Rovno and Zhitomir Regions, Klesov locality (Rovno Amber, Obukhov Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009: 15 (Psychidae) [multiple species]. AM and T (larval case)/private collection, Max J. Kobbert, M?nster, Germany (56 ex: T103; T183; T195; T197; T211; T219; T221; T231; T232; T269; T322; T339; T376; T389; T416; T430; T439; T452; T482; T491; T517; T518; T519; T529; T531; T543; T602; T603; T604; T605; T606; T608; T610; T611; T612; T648; T650; T651; T664; T667; T669; T670; T697; T703; T704; T705; T706; T707; T708; T709; T722; T723; T724; T725; T726; T727); private collection, Thomas Sobczyk, Hoyerswerda, Germany (13 ex: 004TS; 006TS; 008TS; 009TS; 014TS; 015TS; 016TS; 022TS; 023TS; 024TS; 026TS; 027TS; 041TS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Weitschat, 2009: 253, figs. 41, 44 (Psychidae) [multiple species]. AM and T (larval case)/DBRD/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 37 ?Weitschat and Wichard, 1998: 198, pl. 79: f?h (Psychidae) [multiple species].SOHN ET AL. 38 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press AM and T (larva or larval case)/RMOD (> 3 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Psychidae ?Lewis, 1976: 345, fig. 1a (Psychidae). CI and T (feeding mark)/CSUM/USA: SW Montana, Madison County, Ruby River Basin between Peterson and Mormon Creeks (Renova Fm.)/Chattian, Late Oligocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus convexa Lesq. [extant]. FAMILY incertae sedis GENUS incertae sedis ?Hurd et al., 1962: 110 (Tineoidea). AM (adult: whole body)/?UCMP/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquita- nian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Perkovsky et al., 2003: 427 (Tineoidea) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/NASU/Ukraine: northern Rovno and Zhitomir Regions, Klesov locality (Rovno Amber, Obukhov Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. Superfamily GRACILLARIOIDEA Stainton, 1854 [extant] Family BUCCULATRICIDAE Fracker, 1915 [extant] BUCCULATRIX Zeller, 1839 [extant] platani Kozlov, 1988: 39, pl. 2: 6 (Bucculatrix). CI and T (leaf mine)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2383/213)/Kazakhstan: Kzyl-Ordinsky Region, Chilinsky, northwest spur of Karatau mountain range, Kzyl-Dzhar (Beleuty Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Platanaceae ?Platanus cuneifolia Bronn. thoracella Thunberg, 1794 (Tinea) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 58, fig. 61 [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 18422)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Malvaceae ?Tilia sp. Comment: Straus (1977) suggested that this mine is identical to leaf mines on Tilia made by the extant species Buc- culatrix thoracella. ?Opler, 1973: 1321, fig. 1c (Bucculatrix). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Buffalo Canyon (Buffalo Canyon Fm.)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus hanibalii Dorf. ?Opler, 1982: 145 (Bucculatrix). CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated [?UCMP]/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus drymeja Unger [reported as ?Zelkova? drymeja by Opler (1982)] Family GRACILLARIIDAE Stainton, 1854 [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Subfamily PHYLLOCNISTINAE Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1857 [extant] cf. PHYLLOCNISTIS Zeller, 1848 [extant] cf. liriodendronella Clemens, 1863 (Phyllocnistis) [extant]; Chambers, 1882: 529 [fossil]. = tineid or tortricid leaf mines; Hagen, 1882: 265. CI and T (leaf mine)/MCZH/USA: central Kansas (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: ?Magnoliaceae. cf. liquidambarisella Chambers, 1875 (Phyllocnistis) [extant]; Chambers, 1882: 529 [fossil]. = tineid or tortricid leaf mines; Hagen, 1882: 265. CI and T (leaf mine)/MCZH/USA: central Kansas (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: ?Altingiaceae. Comment: Chambers (1882) linked this fossil with the extant species solely by the host association. ?Jarzembowski, 1995: 146 (Phyllocnistis). CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/ Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). ?Knowlton, 1917: 80, pl. 33: 5 (Phyllocnistis). CI and T (leaf mine)/USNM [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at USNM]/USA: Wyoming, Lincoln County, Cumberland (Frontier Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: ?Staphyleaceae ??Staphylea fremonti Knowlt. Comment: This record was based on identification by Busck. ?Labandeira, 2002a: 47, figs. 4c?d (phyllocnistine). CI and T (leaf mine)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 94055a)/Canada: British Columbia, McAbee/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Labandeira et al., 1994: 12279, figs. 1i?l (Phyllocnistis). CI and T (leaf mine)/FMUF (2 ex: UF4818; UF15709-7351)/USA: Kansas, Cloud Co., Braun's Ranch (Dakota Fm.)/Albian?Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Chloranthaceae ?Densinervum sp. and Crassidenticulum decurrens Upchurch and Dilcher; Lau- raceae ?Pabiana variloba Upchurch and Dilcher. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 16) regard these mines as ?the earliest convincing evidence for the exis- tence of the Ditrysia.?; also see Davis (1994). ?Stephenson, 1991: 168 (Phyllocnistis); Stephenson and Scott, 1992: 547, fig. 5: a; Lang et al., 1995: 158, fig. 3c, pl. 2: 1. CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (1 ex: V.50974)/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The authors used similarity to recent leaf mines to characterize this fossil. It is not clear that they intended to link the fossil taxonomically with extant species (see Lang et al. 1995 for the analog). Subfamily GRACILLARIINAE Stainton, 1854 [extant] cf. ACROCERCOPS Wallengren, 1881 [extant] ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (cf. Acrocercops). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Oregon, Harney Co. (Trout Creek Fm.)/Serravallian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus consimilis Newb. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 39 cf. CALOPTILIA H?bner, 1825 [extant]SOHN ET AL. 40 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press cf. alchimiella Scopoli, 1763 (Palaena) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 58 [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 22788)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Fagus cf. orientalis Lipsky. Comment: Straus (1977) associated this fossil with the leaf mine made by the extant Caloptilia alchimiella. cf. roscipennella H?bner, 1796 (Tinea) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 58, fig. 76 [fossil]; Givulescu, 1984: 6, pl. 3: 4 [fos- sil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 22440); IGGB (1 ex: no. P.25789)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willer- shausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene. Fossil plant host: Betulaceae; Juglandaceae ?Juglans sp. Comment: Straus? (1977) identification was based on similarity to the extant species in leaf mine shape and host association. Givulescu (1984) reported a leaf mine fossil which he considered to be same as cf. Caloptilia roscipennella, identified by Straus (1977). cf. sassafrasella Chambers, 1876 (Gracilaria) [extant]; Chambers, 1882: 529 [fossil]. = tineid or tortricid leaf mines; Hagen, 1882: 265. CI and T (leaf mine)/MCZH/USA: central Kansas (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Lauraceae ??Sassafras? cretaceum Newbe. Comment: Chambers (1882) linked this fossil with the extant species solely by host association. ?Lewis, 1969: 1210 (Nepticulidae); Opler, 1973: 1322 (Caloptilia). CI and T (leaf mine)/CSUM/USA: E Washington State, Spokane, Brickyard (Latah Fm.)/Serravalian, Middle Mio- cene. Fossil plant host: ?Fagaceae ??Quercus. ?Straus, 1977: 58, fig. 60 (Coriscium [a synonym of Caloptilia]). CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 30838)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Magnoliaceae ?Magnolia; or Oleaceae ?Syringa. Comment: The author?s identification was based on similarity to the extant fauna in leaf mine shape. GRACILLARIITES Kozlov, 1987: 67. Type species: not designated. lithuanicus Kozlov, 1987: 68, fig. 5a (Gracillariites). AM (adult: whole body)/PAML (HT: Ap-9983)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. mixtus Kozlov, 1987: 68, figs. 5b, 5c (Gracillariites). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 6-1-1)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 274, fig. 64 (uncertain, species H); Kozlov, 1988: 40 (Gracillariites). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: I.8809)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. cf. PARORNIX Spuler, 1910 [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) ?Straus, 1977: 59, fig. 49 (cf. Parornix). CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 15876/a)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Rosaceae ?Amelanchier sp. Comment: The author?s identification was based on similarity to extant species in leaf mine shape and host associ- ation. Subfamily LITHOCOLLETINAE Stainton, 1854 [extant] cf. CAMERARIA Chapman, 1902 [extant] cf. aceriella Clemens, 1859 (Lithocolletis) [extant]; Chambers, 1882: 529 [fossil]. = tineid or tortricid leaf mines; Hagen, 1882: 265. CI and T (leaf mine)/MCZH/USA: central Kansas (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Sapindaceae ?Acer sp. Comment: Chambers (1882) linked this fossil with the extant species solely on the basis of host association. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (cf. Cameraria). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Idaho, Thorn Creek (Payette Fm.)/Tortonian, Late Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus simulata Knowlt and ?Lithocarpus sp. cf. PHYLLONORYCTER H?bner, 1822 [extant] maestingella M?ller, 1764 (Phalaena Tinea) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 59, fig. 59 (Lithocolletis) [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (2 ex: no. 30057; no. 15026)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/ Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Fagus sp. Comment: Straus (1977) assigned these fossil mines to the extant species Phyllonorycter maestingella, based on similarity in leaf mine shape and host association. oliveirae Martins-Neto, 1989: 381, pl. 1: d (Phyllonorycter). CI and T (leaf mine)/IGUSP (HT: GP/1T-1645)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Taubat?, Estiva District, Argila V?rgllio, Miner- a??o Company (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Fossil plant host: Symplocaceae ?Symplocos sp. ?Freeman, 1965: 1069, fig. 1 (Lithocolletis). CI and T (leaf mine)/GSCBO/Canada: British Columbia, White Lake Basin/Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Krassilov and Shuklina, 2008: 243, fig. 3i (lithocolletiform mines). CI and T (leaf mine)/IEUH (>1 ex: IG1-644; etc.)/Israel: Negev Desert, central Negev, Makhtesh Ramon (Upper Hatira Fm.); Negev Desert, southern Negev, Arava Valley, Gerofit (Ora Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Myrtales ?Dewalquea gerofitica (Dobruskina) Krassilov. ?Lewis, 1985: 257, fig. 21 (?Lithocolletis). CI and T (leaf mine)/UIMM (1 ex: T-0069)/USA: northern Idaho, Clarkia locality P-33 (Latah Fm.)/Serravalian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus sp. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 41 ?Opler, 1973: 1321, fig. 1d (Lithocolletis).SOHN ET AL. 42 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Nye Co., Cedar Mountains, Upper Goldyke (Esmeralda Fm.)/Serraval- lian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus hanibalii Dorf. ?Opler, 1973: 1321 (Lithocolletis). CI and T (leaf mine)/UMCP/USA: Nevada, SW Mineral County, Hawthorn, Stewart Valley Fossil Beds (Savage Canyon Fm.)/Serravalian, Middle Miocene (Perkins et al. 1998). Fossil plant host: Salicaceae ?Populus trichocarpa var. ingrata (Jeps.) Parish. ?Stephenson, 1991: 171 (Mine Type TLm5); Lang et al., 1995: 155, fig. 2b, pl. 1: 1?2 (?Lithocolletis). CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (1 ex: V.49146)/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The authors used similarity to various recent leaf mines to characterize this fossil. It is not clear that they intended to link the fossil taxonomically with extant species (see Lang et al. 1995 for the modern analog cited). SUBFAMILY incertae sedis GENUS incertae sedis ?Labandeira et al., 2002a: 315, fig. 12 (a gracillariid leaf mine). CI and T (leaf mine)/DMNH (6 ex: no. 7199; no. 7263; no. 7313; no. 7325; no. 7498; no. 20023)/USA: SW North Dakota, Williston Basin (Hell Creek Fm.)/latest Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Laurales (cf. Lauraceae) ?Marmarthia pearsonii Johnson. ?Poinar and Brown, 2002: 131, fig. 12 (Gracillariidae). AM and T (leaf mine)/AIOSU (1 ex; Sd-9-125)/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Fossil plant host: Fabaceae ?Hymenaea mexicana Poinar and Brown. ?Poinar et al., 1991: 210, figs. 3?5 (Gracillariidae). AM (adult: whole body)/AIOSU (1 ex: S-1-24)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Ross et al., 2010: 234 (Gracillariidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Questionably placed in Gracillariidae ?Hickey and Hodges, 1975: 718?719, fig. 2a (?Phyllocnistis); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (uncertain). CI and T (leaf mine)/USNM (1 ex: 208538)/USA: Wyoming, Sheridan Pass area southwest of Dubois (Wind River Fm.)/late Ypresian, Early Eocene. Fossil plant host: Meliaceae ?Cedrela sp. ?Wilf et al., 2005: 8945, fig. 1 (?gracillariid mines). CI and T (leaf mine)/MPEF (1 ex: Pb 983)/Argentina: Patagonia, Chubut, Laguna del Hunco (Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco)/Ypresian, Early Eocene (Genise and Petrulevicius, 2001). Fossil plant host: Sapindaceae ??Cupania? grosse-serrata (Engelh.) Berry. Superfamily YPONOMEUTOIDEA Stephens, 1829 [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Family ARGYRESTHIIDAE Bruand, 1850 [extant] Questionably placed in Argyresthiidae ARGYRESTHITES Rebel, 1934a (Argyresthiidae): 5; Skalski, 1976b: 201 (?Argyresthiidae); Keilbach, 1982: 314 (?Yponomeutidae); Kozlov, 1988: 53 (uncertain). Type species: Argyresthites succinella Rebel, 1934. balticellus Rebel, 1936: 175, fig. 8 (Argyresthites); Skalski, 1976b: 201 (?Argyresthites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at MNHU])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. succinellus Rebel, 1934a: 5, fig. 2 (Argyresthites). = Hyponomeutidae; Rebel, 1934b: 373. AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-2)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family PRAYDIDAE Moriuti, 1977 [extant] Questionably placed in Praydidae cf. PRAYS H?bner, 1826 [extant] ?Lang et al., 1995: 154?155, fig. 2a, pl. 1: 7 (cf. Prays). CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (1 ex: V.50937)/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The authors used similarity to recent leaf mines to characterize this fossil. It is not clear they intended to link the fossil taxonomically with extant species (see Lang et al. 1995 for the putative modern analog). GENUS incertae sedis ?Stephenson, 1991: 159 (Mine Type KLm4b). CI and T (leaf mine)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15706-4609)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities [not specified] (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: The author suggested that the fossil is similar to leaf mines made by Prays oleae larvae. Family YPONOMEUTIDAE Stephens, 1829 [extant] Questionably placed in Yponomeutidae GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1976c: 228, fig. 22 (Yponomeutidae). CO (adult: whole body)/not stated/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. Family PLUTELLIDAE Guen?e, 1845 [extant] Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 43 PLUTELLITES Kozlov, 1988: 38.SOHN ET AL. 44 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Type species: not designated. acutipenellus Rebel, 1936: 174, fig. 6 (Epinomeuta); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (?Epinomeuta); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Plut- ellites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-N.5 [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at MNHU])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. inversellus Rebel, 1936: 173, fig. 5 (Epinomeuta); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (?Epinomeuta); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Plutel- lites). = Epinomeuta universella [sic]; Skalski, 1976b: 201. AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L6)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. minorellus Rebel, 1936: 174, fig. 7 (Epinomeuta); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (?Epinomeuta); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Plutel- lites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L8)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. tenebricus Kozlov, 1988: 39, fig. 7 (Plutellites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 363/80)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?MacKay, 1969: 1173, figs. 1, 2, 5a (?Plutellidae); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Plutellites). AM (larva: whole body)/ZMCD (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?MacKay, 1969: 1178, figs. 4, 5c (?Plutellidae); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Plutellites). AM (1st instar larva: whole body)/ZMCD (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Plutellidae EPINOMEUTA Rebel, 1936: 172 (Yponomeutidae); Kozlov, 1988: 38 (Plutellidae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (?Tinei- dae). Type species: Epinomeuta truncatipennella Rebel, 1936. truncatipennella Rebel, 1936: 172, fig. 4 (Epinomeuta). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L7)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SCYTHROPITES Rebel, 1936: 169 (Yponomeutidae); Keilbach, 1982: 315 (Scythriidae [sic?]); Kozlov, 1988: 39 (Plutellidae). Type species: Scythropites balticella Rebel, 1936. balticellus Rebel, 1936: 169, fig. 3 (Scythropites). AM (adult: whole body)/GPUT (HT: n 3B 660)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedisCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 275, fig. 58 (species K). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.25219)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Skalski, 1976b: 201 (?Plutellidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski, 1977: 20, pl. 8: 1, 2 (inclusion 2). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (1 ex: G/19 No. 1927/45, 6 MZ/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family HELIODINIDAE Heinemann and Wocke, 1876 [extant] Questionably placed in Heliodinidae GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (Heliodinidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Italy: Sicily, a beach on the Simeto River (Sicilian Amber)/Rupelian, Early Oligocene (Skalski and Veggiani, 1990). Family LYONETIIDAE Stainton, 1854 [extant] = Prolyonetiidae Kusnezov, 1941: 45 Subfamily CEMIOSTOMINAE Spuler, 1898 [extant] PROLYONETIA Kusnezov, 1941: 43 (Lyonetiidae); Kozlov, 1988: 39 (Leucopterinae [= Cemiostominae]). Type species: Prolyonetia cockerelli Kusnezov, 1941. cockerelli Kusnezov, 1941: 45, figs. 30?32 (Prolyonetia). = Prolyonetia zeckerelli [sic]; Larsson, 1978: 122. AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 12)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author likened this fossil to the extant Bucculatrix and Oenophila, both no longer placed in Lyonet- iidae. Questionably placed in Lyonetiidae cf. LYONETIA H?bner, 1825 [extant] ?Stephenson, 1991: 170 (Mine Type TLm4); Lang et al., 1995: 152, fig. 1e, pl. 1: 3, 5. CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (1 ex: V.48272)/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: Stephenson (1991) pointed to Incurvaria pectinea Haworth as a recent analog of this leaf mine fossil. Lang et al. (1995) noted Lyonetia prunifoliella H?bner as a candidate recent analog. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 45 GENUS incertae sedisSOHN ET AL. 46 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 271, fig. 57 (species C). CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (2 ex: In.25512/25252; In.17142)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bem- bridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: Jarzembowski (1980) noted its resemblance to the extant Leucoptera and Bedellia. The latter is no lon- ger considered a lyonetiid. ?Opler, 1973: 1322 (Lyonetiidae). CI (cocoon)/UCMP/western North America (no specific locality)/Middle Cenozoic (no specific age). ?Rebel, 1934a: 16 (Coleophoridae); Larson, 1978: 123 (?Coleophoridae); Keilbach, 1982: 314 (Lyonetiidae). AM and T (larval case)/BPGM (no. 173 [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at BPGM])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Clade Apoditrysia Minet, 1983 Superfamily GELECHIOIDEA Stainton, 1854 [extant] Family AUTOSTICHIDAE Le Marchand, 1947 [extant] Subfamily SYMMOCINAE Gozmany, 1957 [extant] MICROSYMMOCITES Skalski, 1977: 18. Type species: Microsymmocites kuznetzovi Skalski, 1977. = Microsymmocytes [sic]; Keilbach, 1982: 316. kuznetzovi Skalski, 1977: 19, figs. 16?17, pl. 6: 1, pl. 7: 1 (Microsymmocites). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (HT: 114/34 G/44 No. 2015/1, 2 MZ/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Autostichidae SYMMOCITES Kusnezov, 1941: 54 (Gelechiidae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (uncertain). Type species: Symmocites rohdendorfi Kusnezov, 1941. = Symmocytes [sic]; Keilbach, 1982: 316. rohdendorfi Kusnezov, 1941: 56, figs. 39?44 (Symmocites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (SY: no. 9; no. 13)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. OEGOCONIITES Kusnezov, 1941: 51 (Gelechiidae); Skalski, 1976b: 203 (Oecophoridae); Kozlov, 1988: 42 (Xyloryctidae); Poinar, 1992: 162?163 (Symmocidae). Type species: Oegoconiites borisjaki Kusnezov, 1941. borisjaki Kusnezov, 1941: 53, figs. 37?38 (Oegoconiites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 4)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family COLEOPHORIDAE Bruand, 1850 [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Subfamily COLEOPHORINAE Bruand, 1850 [extant] cf. COLEOPHORA H?bner, 1822 [extant] ?Givulescu, 1984: 131 (cf. ?Coleophora sp.). CI and T (leaf mine)/not stated [?IGGB]/Romania: Maramures Co., Chiuzbaia, ?F? site/Late Miocene. ?Krassilov, 2007: 17, fig. 2 (feeding damage typical of coleophorid miners). CI and T (leaf mine)/IEUH (> 1 ex: IG1-847; etc.)/Israel: Negev Desert, central Negev, Makhtesh Ramon (Upper Hatira Fm.); Negev Desert, southern Negev, Arava Valley (Ora Fm.)/Albian?Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Fossil plant host: Myrtales ?Dewalquea gerofitica (Dobruskina) Krassilov. ?Labandeira, 2002a: 47, figs. 6e?f (cf. Coleophora). CI and T (leaf mine)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 77608)/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Mountain Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Straus, 1977: 58, fig. 56 (cf. Coleophora) [multiple species]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (7 ex: no. 21040; no. 21695/a; no. 22549/a; no. 22858; no. 22907; no. 22996/a; no. 30809)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene. Fossil plant host: Tiliaceae ?Tilia sp. Comment: The author tentatively identified these as the leaf mines made by various species of Coleophora. Family COSMOPTERIGIDAE Heinemann and Wocke, [1876] [extant] Subfamily CHRYSOPELEIINAE Mosher, 1916 [extant] Questionably placed in Chrysopeleiinae ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (?Walshiidae [= Chrysopeleiinae]). AM (not stated)/not stated/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. SUBFAMILY incertae sedis ?Poinar, 1992: 163 (Cosmopterigidae) [multiple species]. AM (not stated)/?UCMP/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Poinar, 1992: 163, 287 (Cosmopterigidae) [multiple species]. AM (not stated)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Cosmopterigidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Comment: It is not clear whether or not Skalski (1976b) and Poinar (1992) were referring to the same fossil speci- mens. Family BLASTOBASIIDAE Meyrick, 1894 [extant] Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 47 GENUS incertae sedisSOHN ET AL. 48 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Poinar, 1992: 163, 287 (Blastobasiidae) [multiple species]. AM (not stated)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Family ELACHISTIDAE Bruand, 1850 [extant] Subfamily DEPRESSARIINAE Meyrick, 1883 [extant] DEPRESSARITES Rebel, 1936: 175. Type species: Depressarites levipalpella Rebel, 1936. = Depressariites [sic]; Kozlov, 1988: 44. blastuliferellus Rebel, 1936: 177 (Depressarites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Depressarites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: no number; 1 ex: N 24 [both not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at MNHU])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. levipalpellus Rebel, 1936: 175, fig. 9 (Depressarites). AM (adult: whole body)/GPUT (not stated)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PALAEODEPRESSARIA Skalski, 1979b: 101. Type species: Palaeodepressaria hannemanni Skalski, 1979. hannemanni Skalski, 1979b: 101, figs. 1?5, pl. 1?2 (Palaeodepressaria). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB L/11=LEP.SUCC.134 MB/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prus- sian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Depressarinae GENUS incertae sedis ?Stephenson, 1991: 165 (Mine Type KLm13). CI and T (leaf mine)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15708-1519)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities [unspecified] (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: The author suggested as recent analogs of these fossils the leaf mines made by Agonopterix senecionsis larvae. Subfamily ELACHISTINAE Bruand, 1850 [extant] ELACHISTITES Kozlov, 1987: 64. Type species: not designated. inclusus Kozlov, 1987: 64, fig. 4a (Elachistites). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 4-3-3)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. sukatshevae Kozlov, 1987: 66. figs. 4b, 4c (Elachistites). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 12-5/6-6)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. MICROPERITTIA Kozlov, 1987: 66.CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Type species: Microperittia probosciphera Kozlov, 1987. = Baltonides [sic] Skalski in Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981: 10?11. Nomen nudum [no description]. = Baltodines Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62. Nomen nudum [unnecessary emendation]. probosciphera Kozlov, 1987: 66, figs. 4d, 4e (Microperittia). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 15-2-5)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski, 1976b: 205, fig. 13 (Heliodinidae); Skalski, 1977: 13, fig. 7; Kozlov, 1988: 42 (Elachistidae: Micro- perittia) [multiple species]; Skalski, 1990c: 163 (Heliodinidae); Poinar, 1992: 163 (Chrysoesthiidae). = Baltonides [sic] roeselliformis Skalski in Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981: 10?11, fig. 10. Nomen nudum [no description]. AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (2 ex: no. 16523; no. 18778); not stated (ca. 20 samples)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PALAEOELACHISTA Kozlov, 1987: 67. Type species: Palaeoelachista traugottolseni Kozlov, 1987. traugottolseni Kozlov, 1987: 67, fig. 4f (Palaeoelachista). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 2-1-8)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PRAEMENDESIA Kozlov, 1987: 67. Type species: Praemendesia minima Kozlov, 1987. minima Kozlov, 1987: 67, fig. 4g (Praemendesia). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: 14-2-6)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily ETHMIINAE Busck, 1909 [extant] Questionably placed in Ethmiinae GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Ethmiidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Subfamily STENOMATINAE Meyrick, 1906 [extant] HEXERITES Cockerell, 1933: 480 (Thyrididae); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (uncertain); Skalski, 1990b: 144 (Elachistidae, Stenomatinae). Type species: Hexerites primalis Cockerell, 1933. primalis Cockerell, 1933: 480 (Hexerites). CI (adult: whole body)/UCNH/USA: Colorado, Rio Blanco Co., Piceance Creek Basin (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 49 cf. ETHMIA H?bner, 1819 [extant]SOHN ET AL. 50 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press mortuella Scudder, 1890: 603, pl. 15: 12, 17 (Psecadia); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (incertae sedis); Meyer, 2003: 224 (Eth- mia). CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT: no. 8460/9630)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Mon- ument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Family MOMPHIDAE Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1857 [extant] Questionably placed in Momphidae cf. ANYBIA Stainton, 1854 [extant]; Kozlov, 1988: 53 (uncertain). cuprella Rebel, 1934a: 9 (?Anybia); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (Tineoderum gen.). = Elachistidae; Rebel, 1934b: 373. AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at BPGM])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Stephenson, 1991: 159 (Mine type KLm4a). CI and T (leaf mine)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15703-4424)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities [unspecified] (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: The author suggested leaf mines of Mompha raschkiella larvae as a recent analog of these fossils. Family GELECHIIDAE Stainton, 1854 [extant] cf. EVIPPE Chambers, 1873 [extant] ?Opler, 1973: 1321, 1322 (cf. Evippe). CI and T (leaf mine)/UCMP/USA: Nevada, Lyon Co., near Yearington (Aldritch Station Fm.)/Zanclean, Early Plio- cene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus hanibalii Dorf. cf. RECURVARIA Haworth, 1828 [extant] cf. nanella [Denis and Schifferm?ller], 1775 (Tinea) [extant]; Straus, 1977: 60, fig. 51 [fossil]. CI and T (leaf mine)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 12724/a)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Fossil plant host: Rosaceae ?Sorbus torminalis L. [extant]. Comment: Straus (1977) stated that ?the overall shape of the mine corresponds to ones caused by the extant species Recurvaria nanella but also possibly represents a closely related species.? GENUS incertae sedis ?Poinar, 1992: 287 (Gelechiidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Ross et al., 2010: 234 (Gelechiidae).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (not stated)/not stated/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Skalski, 1976b: 203 (Gelechiidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski, 1976b: 199 (Gelechiidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Family OECOPHORIDAE Bruand, 1849 [extant] Subfamily OECOPHORINAE Bruand, 1849 [extant] BORKHAUSENITES Rebel, 1934a: 6. Type species: Borkhausenites bachofeni Rebel, 1934. bachofeni Rebel, 1934a: 6, fig. 3, pl. 1: 2 (Borkhausenites). AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-6)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. EPIBORKHAUSENITES Skalski, 1973a: 153. Type species: Epiborkhausenites obscurotrimaculatus Skalski, 1973. obscurotrimaculatus Skalski, 1973a: 154, fig. 1, 2, pl. 33?35 (Epiborkhausenites). AM (adult: whole body)/PLUW (HT: no.16, 8 IGUW/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. GLESSEUMEYRICKIA Kusnezov, 1941: 47. Type species: Glesseumeyrickia henrikseni Kusnezov, 1941. henrikseni Kusnezov, 1941: 48, figs. 33?34 (Glesseumeyrickia). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 10)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. cf. HOFMANNOPHILA Spuler, 1910 [extant] = Hophmannophila [sic]; Skalski, 1976b: 202, 221. ?Skalski, 1976b: 202 (Hophmannophila [sic]). AM (not stated)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. NEOBORKHAUSENITES Skalski, 1977: 20. Type species: Borkhausenites incertella Rebel, 1936. incertellus Rebel, 1936: 178, fig. 10 (Borkhausenites)/Skalski, 1977: 20, fig. 3 (Neoborkhausenites). AM (adult: whole body)/GPUT (HT: 3 B 665, No. 1388/1, 23 IGPT/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 51 OECOPHORINITES Kozlov, 1988: 43.SOHN ET AL. 52 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Type species: not designated. angustipennellus Rebel, 1936: 179, fig. 11 (Borkhausenites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Borkhausenites); Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorinites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at MNHU])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. crassellus Rebel, 1936: 182, fig. 15 (Borkhausenites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Borkhausenites); Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorinites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L2)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. implicatellus Rebel, 1936: 181, fig. 13 (Borkhausenites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Borkhausenites); Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorinites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at MNHU])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. incolumnellus Rebel, 1934a: 8, pl. 1: 3 (Borkhausenites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Borkhausenites); Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorinites). = Oecophoridae; Rebel, 1934b: 373. AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L-7; 1 ex: L-4)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ingentellus Rebel, 1936: 182 (Borkhausenites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Borkhausenites); Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorinites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L3)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. innominatus Kusnezov, 1941: 50, figs. 35?36; Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorites). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (HT: no. 11)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. vulneratellus Rebel, 1936: 180, fig. 12 (Borkhausenites); Skalski, 1976b: 202 (?Borkhausenites); Kozlov, 1988: 43 (Oecophorinites). AM (adult: whole body)/BPGM (HT: L?5)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PARABORKHAUSENITES Kusnezov, 1941: 49. Type species: Borkhausenites vicinella Rebel, 1936. vicinellus Rebel, 1936: 181, fig. 14 (Borkhausenites); Kusnezov,1941: 49 (Paraborkhausenites). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB-L1)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SCHIFFERMUELLERIA H?bner, 1825 [extant] jantharica Skalski, 1977: 17, figs. 12?14, pl. 3: 1, pl. 4: 1, pl. 5: 1 (Schiffermuelleria). AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (HT: 49/28 G/10 No. 1831/14, 1 MZ/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SUBFAMILY incertae sedisCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) GENUS incertae sedis ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 577, fig. 13: 40 (Oecophoridae). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Hurd et al., 1962: 110 (Oecophoridae). AM (not stated)/?UCMP/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62, fig. 82 (Oecophoridae) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/MEPA (3 ex: no. 17444; no. 17863; no. 19167)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author stated that this record was based on an identification by Skalski. ?MacKay, 1969: 1176, figs. 3, 5b (?Oecophoridae). AM (larva: whole body)/ZMCD/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Rebel, 1934a: 3, fig. 1, pl. 1: 1 (Tortricidae); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (Oecophoridae). AM (larva: whole body)/BPGM (1 ex: H-3)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (Oecophoridae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. FAMILY incertae sedis ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 577, fig. 13: 39 (gelechioid moth). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: DR14-278)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santi- ago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Kusnezov, 1941: 59, fig. 47 (Gelechiodeorum gen. et sp. no. 1, ?Oecophoridae); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (?Coleopho- morpha). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (1 ex: no. 6)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Kusnezov, 1941: 60, figs. 48?49 (Gelechiodeorum gen. et sp. no. 2, ?Oecophoridae); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (?Coleo- phomorpha). AM (adult: whole body)/PIRAS (1 ex: no. 17)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 269, fig. 56 (Gelechioidea). AM (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.9042)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Pe?alver and Grimaldi, 2006: 3 (Gelechioidea). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: DR-18-1)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentorial between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Comment: This moth is from the same piece of amber in which Voltinia dramba (Riodinidae) is included. ?Perkovsky et al., 2003: 429 (Gelechioidea) [multiple species]. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 53 AM (adult)/NASU/Ukraine: northern Rovno and Zhitomir Regions, Klesov locality (Rovno Amber, Obukhov SOHN ET AL. 54 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. Questionably placed in Gelechioidea YPSOLOPHUS auct Germar, 1837: [23] (Tineidae) (nec Fabricius, 1798 [extant]); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (Coleophoro- morpha). insignis Germar, 1837: [23], pl. 20 (Ypsolophus). CI (adult: whole body)/not stated [lost?]/Germany: former Rhine Province, vicinity of Bonn/?Aquitanian, Early Miocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1977: 20, pl. 4: 2 (inclusion 2). AM (adult: head)/MEPA (1 ex: G/22 No. 2001/5, 5 MZ/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lute- tian, Middle Eocene. Superfamily ZYGAENOIDEA Latreille, 1809 [extant] Family LIMACODIDAE Duponchel, 1845 [extant] GENUS incertae sedis ?Blair, 1927: 140 (cf. Limacodes). AS (adult: wings)/originally AOFT [not traced]/Trinidad: oil-bearing sand (Kerogen-rich sandstone)/?Gelasian, ?Late Pliocene. Comment: The author suggested that it is allied to the extant genus Limacodes. Family ZYGAENIDAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] Subfamily PROCRIDINAE Boisduval, 1828 [extant] ?McNamara et al., 2011: 2 (forester moths). CI (adult: whole body)/FNSF (2 ex)/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Messel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily ZYGAENINAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] cf. NEUROSYMPLOCA Wallengren, 1858 [extant] oligocenica Fern?ndez-Rubio and Nel, 2000: 8, figs. 1?5 (?Neurosymploca). CI (adult: whole body)/MNHN (HT: MNHN-LP-R 55185 = no. 3754), private collection, Francine Papier, near Strasbourg, France (1 ex)/ France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, C?reste (Calcaires de Montfuron Fm. or Cal- caites de Vach?res Fm.)/Rupelian (= Stampien), Early Oligocene (Heie and Lutz, 2002). cf. ZYGAENA Fabricius, 1775 [extant] = Zygaenites (nec Burgeff, 1951); Reiss, 1936: 556. Nomen nudum [no description]. = Palaeozygaena Reiss, 1936: 556. Nomen nudum [no description]. miocaenica Reiss, 1936: 556, pl. 7 (?Zygaena).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: whole body)/SMNS (HT: Nr. 22342)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. turolensis Fern?ndez-Rubio et al., 1991: 80, figs. 2?13, 15: 3 (?Zygaena); Fern?ndez-Rubio and Pe?alver, 1994: 40, figs. 2?6. CI (adult: whole body)/MNCN (HT: I-16888), MPMV (1295a-RM; 1295b-RM)/Spain: Teruel, Rubielos de Mora (?bituminous rhythmites?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Pe?alver and Engel, 2006). ZYGAENITES Burgeff, 1951: 3. Type species: Zygaenites controversus Burgeff, 1951. controversus Burgeff, 1951: 2?3, figs. 1c, 1d (Zygaenites). CI (adult: whole body)/SMNS (HT and CHT)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Leestmans, 1983: 73, fig. 14 (Zygaenidae). CI (adult: whole body)/ENSM (lost)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: Only a photo taken by Th?obald in 1935 is extant. Questionably placed in Zygaenidae ?de Serres, 1829: 230 (Zygaena [s. l.]). = Zyganena [sic] sp.; Th?obald, 1937: [in table 11]. CI (adult: not stated)/originally IGMF [lost?]/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: Leestmans (1983) mentioned the possibility that the specimen in de Serres (1829) is the same as one of the fossils photographed by Th?obald. The latter specimen is also missing. Superfamily COSSOIDEA Leach, 1815 [extant] Family COSSIDAE Leach, 1815 [extant] KLEOPATHRA Martins-Neto, 1998a: 75. Type species: Kleopathra noctodiva Martins-Neto, 1998. nemogypsia Martins-Neto, 1998a: 76, fig. 1b (Kleopathra). CI (adult: forewing)/DGUG (HT: UnG/IT-034)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Trememb? City, near Padre Eternal, Fazenda Santa F? (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. noctodiva Martins-Neto, 1998a: 76, fig. 1a (Kleopathra). CI (adult: forewing)/DGUG (HT: UnG/IT-033)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Trememb? City, near Padre Eternal, Fazenda Santa F? (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 55 Questionably placed in CossidaeSOHN ET AL. 56 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press GURNETIA Cockerell, 1921: 472 (Cossidae); Jarzembowski, 1980: 275 (?Cossidae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (uncertain). Type species: Gurnetia durranti Cockerell, 1921. durranti Cockerell, 1921: 473, fig. 38 (Gurnetia); Jarzembowski, 1980: 275, figs. 60, 66. CI (adult: partial forewing)/BMNH (HT: In.24324)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Richter and Storch, 1980: 365, fig. 14 (Cossidae). GC (adult: cuticular fragments)/FNSF/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Mes- sel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family CASTNIIDAE Boisduval, 1828 [extant] DOMINICKUS Tindale, 1985: 35. Type species: Dominickus castinoides Tindale, 1985. castinoides Tindale, 1985: 35, figs. 1?3 (Dominickus). CI (adult: forewings)/FMNH (HT: P.22949)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Family SESIIDAE Boisduval, 1828 [extant] Questionably placed in Sesiidae cf. Sesia auct de Serres, 1829: 230 (nec Fabricius, 1775 [extant]). ?de Serres, 1829: 230 (?Sesia). CI (adult: not stated)/originally IGMF [lost?]/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). ?Hope, 1836: 146 (?Sesia). AM (not stated)/not stated/not stated/not stated. Comment: It is unclear whether this is the same fossil noted by de Serres (1829). Hope (1836) asserted that he was the ?authority? of this fossil specimen. Superfamily TORTRICOIDEA Latreille, 1802 [extant] Family TORTRICIDAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] Subfamily CHLIDANOTINAE Meyrick, 1906 [extant] POLYVENA Poinar and Brown, 1993: 25. Type species: Polyvena horatis Poinar and Brown, 1993. horatis Poinar and Brown, 1993: 26, 28, figs. 1?3 (Polyvena).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (adult: whole body)/originally UCMP [now ?AIOSU] (HT: L-3-24)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/ Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Subfamily OLETHREUTINAE Walsingham, 1895 [extant] ELECTRESIA Kusnezov, 1941: 62. Type species: Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941. zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941: 63, figs. 50?52 (Electresia). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, B. V. Miloradovitsch, Russia (HT: no. 20)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. TORTRICIBALTIA Skalski, 1992: 140. Type species: Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1992. = Tortricibaltia Skalski, 1976b: 203. Nomen nudum [no description]. diakonoffi Skalski, 1992: 140, figs. 1?5 (Tortricibaltia). = Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1976b: 203. Nomen nudum [no description]. AM (adult: whole body)/FMNH (HT: LEP.SUCC.49 NHMC/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/ Lutetian, Middle Eocene. TORTRICIDROSIS Skalski, 1973b: 339. Type species: Tortricidrosis inclusa Skalski, 1973. inclusa Skalski, 1973b: 339, figs. 1?5 (Tortricidrosis). AM (adult: whole body)/MNHU (HT: MB L-10=LEP.SUCC.133/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. cf. RETINIA Guen?e, 1845 [extant] cf. resinella Linnaeus, 1758 (Paleana Tortrix) [extant]; Koponen and Nuorteva, 1973: 21, 34, 60, fig. 24 (Evetria) [fossil]. PE and T (larval feeding damage)/LFUF (1 ex: 1000J, R 16)/Finland: Umgebung, Piionsuo Moors (peat deposits)/ Pleistocene. Fossil plant host: Pinaceae ?Pinus sp. [stem]. RHOPOBOTA Lederer, 1859 [extant] ?Skalski, 1976b: 203 (Rhopobota). CO (not stated)/not stated/not stated [?East African Copal]/not stated. Questionably placed in Olethreutinae GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1992: 144, fig. 7 (?Olethreutinae). Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 57 AM (adult: partial body)/FMNH (1 ex: LEP.SUCC.35 NHMC/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/SOHN ET AL. 58 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Subfamily TORTRICINAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] SPATALISTIFORMA Skalski, 1992: 142. Type species: Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1992. = Spatalistiforma Skalski, 1976b: 203. Nomen nudum [no description]. submerga Skalski, 1992: 142, fig. 6 (Spatalistiforma). = Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1976b: 203. Nomen nudum [no description]. AM (adult: whole body)/ZMCD (HT: 12-4/1957=LEP.SUCC.88 UZMC/AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prus- sian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. SUBFAMILY incertae sedis TORTRICITES Kozlov, 1988: 40. Type species: not designated. destructus Cockerell, 1916: 98 (?Tortrix); Skalski, 1992: 137 (uncertain). comb. nov. CI (adult: whole body)/USNM (HT: no. 61998 [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at USNM])/USA: Colo- rado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: In the original description, the author noted that he was unsure of the generic position of this fossil. Therefore, the genus name Tortrix (?) as used in the original description most likely refers to tortricid-like fos- sils now synonymous with Tortricites. To avoid any confusion with the extant genus Tortrix Linnaeus, 1758, we combine this fossil into Tortricites. florissantanus Cockerell, 1907c: 416 (Tortrix); Skalski, 1992: 137 (uncertain); Meyer, 2003: 224, fig. 194. comb. nov. CI (adult: whole body)/UCNH (HT: no. 8579)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: The name Tortrix in Cockerell?s usage, i.e. ?Tortrix (sensu lato)?, encompassed nearly all tortricids, and thus is not equivalent to the extant valid genus Tortrix Linnaeus, 1758. Since there is no difference between Tortrix sensu Cockerell (1907c) and the currently valid genus, Tortricites, we place this fossil in Tortricites. sadilenkoi Kozlov, 1988: 41, fig. 8 (Tortricites). AM (adult: head, thorax and partial forewing)/private collection, K. M. Sadilenko, Moscow, Russia (HT: no. 4)/ Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. skalskii Kozlov, 1988: 41, fig. 9 (Tortricites). AM (adult: head, partial body and wings)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 964/659; PT: PIN 964/660)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Gravenhorst, 1835: 92 (Tortrix). comb. nov. AM (adult)/not stated (part of ca. 40 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author likened this fossil to several extant Tortricidae, including Ptycholoma lecheana (= Tortrix lecheana), Olethreutes arcuellla (= Tortrix arcuana), Orthotaenia undulana (= Tortrix urticana), and Ancylis unguicella (= Tortrix falcana). Tortrix in this former sense was essentially equal to Tortricidae, not Tortrix as currently circumscribed. We therefore place this fossil in Tortricites, which was designated specifically to accommodate tortricid-like fossils which cannot be assigned to any tortricid subgroup. GENUS incertae sedisCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 580, fig. 13: 47 (Tortricidae). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: DR8-43)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Menge, 1856: 29?30 (Tortricidae) [multiple species]. AM (adult, larva or pupa)/not stated (26 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Poinar, 1992: 287 (Tortricidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Skalski, 1973b: 342 (Tortricidae). AM (not stated)/not stated (1 ex)/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquita- nian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Superfamily PTEROPHOROIDEA Latreille, 1802 [extant] Family PTEROPHORIDAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] MERRIFIELDIA Tutt, 1905 [extant] oligocenicus Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986: 283, figs. 1?4, 5e (Pterophorus). comb. nov. CI (adult: whole body)/MNHN (HT: B47277)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacus- tres?)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: The authors associated this fossil with the extant tridactyla-spicidactylus (= now malacodactylus) group, currently placed in Merrifieldia following the division of Pterophorus s. l. by Gielis (1996). We there- fore move it to Merrifieldia. Questionably placed in Pterophoridae GENUS incertae sedis ?Haase, 1890: 26 (Pterophorus); Handlirsch, 1908: 628. CI (not stated)/originally collection of Dr. A. Assmann [now ?NHUW]/not stated/not stated. Comment: No description or illustration is available for this fossil. Haase (1890) mentioned it based on the drawing provided by Dr. A. Assmann who did not state the depository of this fossil. ?Piton, 1936: 17, 23, fig. 61 (Lepidopterites, nomen nudum). CI (adult: forewing, thorax and abdomen fragments)/MNHN (1 ex: no. 61)/France: Cantal, Puy-de-D?me, Lac Chambon (?cinerites?)/Pliocene. Comment: It is not clear whether the author intended to propose Lepidopterites as a generic name. Although he mentioned that the fossil is close to Pterophoridae, Lepidopterites was used to represent its lepidopteran asso- ciation, not a specific association with any family or genus. In this case, the taxon name Lepidopterites is actu- ally a collective name for an order and thus cannot be used as a generic name. Moreover, Piton?s description, since it was published after 1930, should meet the requirements of ICZN article 13.1. Since Lepidopterites was not accompanied by any description and its definition was not given unambiguously, the name is invalid and rejected. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 59 Superfamily CARPOSINOIDEA Walsingham, 1897SOHN ET AL. 60 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Family COPROMORPHIDAE Meyrick, 1905 [extant] COPROMORPHA Meyrick, 1886 [extant] fossilis Jarzembowski, 1980: 270, fig. 52 (Copromorpha). CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT: In.25766)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (Copromorphidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Clade Obtectomera Minet, 1986 [extant] Superfamily THYRIDOIDEA Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1846 [extant] Family THYRIDIDAE Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1846 [extant] Subfamily SICULODINAE Meyrick, 1884 [extant] GENUS incertae sedis ?Skalski, 1985: 208 (cf. Rhodoneura); Skalski, 1990b: 144(Thyrididae). AM (adult: whole body)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: Skalski (1985) mentioned that this fossil is similar to the extant Rhodoneura. Superfamily PYRALOIDEA Latreille, 1809 [extant] Family PYRALIDAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] Subfamily CHRYSAUGINAE Lederer, 1863 [extant] PETISCA Martins-Neto, 1998b: 63. Type species: Petisca dryellina Martins-Neto, 1998. dryellina Martins-Neto, 1998b: 63, fig. 2d (Petisca). CI (adult: forewing)/DGUG (HT: UnG/1T-83)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Trememb? City, near Padre Eternal, Fazenda Santa F? (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Subfamily PYRALINAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] GLENDOTRICHA Kusnezov, 1941: 64. Type species: Glendotricha olgae Kusnezov, 1941. olgae Kusnezov, 1941: 66, figs. 54?57 (Glendotricha). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, B. V. Miloradovitsch, Russia (HT: no. 20)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in PyralidaeCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) GALLERITES Kernbach, 1967: 106 (Galleriidae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (uncertain). Type species: Gallerites keleri Kernbach, 1967. A subsequent designation by Clark et al. (1971: 582). keleri Kernbach, 1967: 106, fig. 6 (Gallerites). CI (adult: whole body)/GPUG (HT: 596-5=13547)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacen- zian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). FAMILY incertae sedis PYRALITES Heer, 1856: 30. Type species: Pyralites obscurus Heer, 1856. A subsequent designation by Jarzembowski (1980: 276). Comment: The genus Pyralites was originally proposed to accommodate Pyralidae with an unknown generic affil- iation. At the time, Pyralidae was the sole family in the superfamily Pyraloidea. Current division of Pyralidae into two separate families, Pyralidae and Crambidae, necessitates emendation of the definition of Pyralites. It should now constitute a collective generic name for species of Pyraloidea, which cannot be assigned to any subgroups thereof. preecei Jarzembowski, 1980: 276, fig. 69 (Pyralites). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (HT: I.8640)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. obscurus Heer, 1856: 30, pl. 2: 6 (Pyralites); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (uncertain). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/PMUZ (HT)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacus- tres?)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). GENUS incertae sedis ?Bonde et al., 2008: 143 (Pyralidae). CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (1 ex: DK 188)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island, Ejerslev Molergrav (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene?Early Eocene. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 580, fig. 13: 48 (Pyralidae). AM (larva: whole body)/AMNH/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Pyraloidea ?Hiura and Miyatake, 1974: 389 (Pyralidae). CO (adult: whole body)/?OMNH (1 ex: 133B)/Japan: Gifu Pref., Mizunami (Mizunami Amber)/late Pleiostocene. ?Zeuner, 1931: 313?315, pl. 9: 6, 11: 3, 4 (?Pyralidae). CI (larva: whole body)/SMNS (3 ex: Nr. 11; Nr. 15; Nr. 68)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Superfamily PAPILIONOIDEA Latreille, 1802 [extant] Family HESPERIIDAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 61 PAMPHILITES Scudder, 1875b: 66.SOHN ET AL. 62 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Type species: Pamphilites abditus Scudder, 1875. abditus Scudder, 1875b: 68, pl. 3: 14, 17, 18 (Pamphilites); Nel and Nel, 1986: 343, pl. 1: 1. CI (adult: forewing)/MVMF (HT: lost); MNHN (NT: IPM B-24308)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zher- ikhin, 2002). Comment: Scudder (1875b) compared this fossil to South American hesperiids. The South American affinity of this fossil species was, however, disputed by de Jong (2007: 330). THANATITES Scudder, 1875b: 62. Type species: Vanessa vetula Heyden, 1859. vetulus Heyden, 1859: 12, pl. 1: 10 (Vanessa); Kirby, 1871: 179 (Araschnia); Scudder, 1875b: 63, pl. 3: 12, 16 (Thanatites). = Thanatites juvenalis Scudder, 1875b: pl. 3: figs. 12, 16. Nomen nudum [print error]. = Thanatites vetulinus [sic]; Kozlov, 1988: 49. CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT: [not found, possibly destroyed])/Germany: Rhineland, Wetterau and R?hn, Niederrhein, Siebengebirge (Rott Fm.)/Chattian, Late Oligocene. ANDRONYMUS Holland, 1896 [extant] = Androgynus [sic]; Skalski, 1976b: 199. neander Pl?tz, 1884 (Andronymus) [extant]; Skalski, 1976b: 199 [fossil]. CO (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex: no. 58522)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Andersen and Andersen, 1996: 427, fig. 30 (Hesperiidae); Rust, 1998b: 138; Kristensen and Skalski, 1998: 19, fig. 2.6; Bonde et al., 2008: 144. CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (1 ex: DK 136)/Denmark: Jutland, Fur Island, Stolleklint Clay (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 19) referred this to ?the oldest butterfly fossil so far known.? ?Zeuner, 1960: 310 (Hesperiidae). CO? (not stated)/not stated/not stated/Pleistocene. Comment: This is one of two Hesperiidae fossils which Zeuner (1960) judged to belong to recent species. Family RIODINIDAE Grote, 1895 [extant] Subfamily RIODININAE Grote, 1895 [extant] Tribe MESOSEMIINI Bates, 1859 [extant] VOLTINIA Stichel, 1910 [extant] dramba Hall et al., 2004: 797, fig 1a?i (Voltinia); Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: fig. 13.69. = Riodinidae fossil; Grimaldi, 1996: 88. = Nymphalidae fossil; Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: fig. 13.68.CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (adult: whole body)/USNM (HT); M. Murata collection, Kyoto, Japan (PT); E. Morone collection, Torino, Italy (PT); AMNH (1 ex: DR-18-1)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Tribe NYMPHIDIINI Bates, 1859 [extant] THEOPE Doubleday, 1847 [extant] ?DeVries and Poinar, 1997: 1138, fig. 1 (Theope). AM (larva: whole body)/AIOSU (1 ex)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Questionably placed in Riodinidae RIODINELLA Durden and Rose, 1978: 15 (Riodinidae); Hall et al., 2004: 797 (uncertain). Type species: Riodinella nympha Durden and Rose, 1978. nympha Durden and Rose, 1978: 17, figs. 4, 5, 6e, 6f (Riodinella). CI (adult: whole body)/PLME (HT: no. 3a) and BHM (CHT: no. 3b)/USA: Colorado, Rio Blanco Co., Piceance Creek Basin, Ray Fome (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family LYCAENIDAE Leach, [1815] [extant] Subfamily LYCAENINAE Leach, [1815] [extant] cf. THECLA Fabricius, 1807 [extant] ?Benassi, 1896: 318 (cf. Thecla). CI (larva)/not stated [lost?]/Italy: Centovalli, Val Vigezzo (?argille sabbiose?)/Pleistocene or Holocene. SUBFAMILY incertae sedis AQUISEXTANA Th?obald, 1937: 160. Type species: Aquisextana irenaei Th?obald, 1937. irenaei Th?obald, 1937: 160, figs. 2, 3, pl. 1: 1, pl. 2: 1 (Aquisextana). = a fossil Polyommatus?; Scudder, 1875b: 85. CI (adult: whole body)/IGMF (HT: MA 1)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Questionably placed in Lycaenidae LITHOPSYCHE Butler, 1889: 294 (Euchemidae, Geometroidea); Jarzembowski, 1980: 283 (Riodinidae); Hall et al., 2004: 799 (uncertain). Type species: Lithopsyche antiqua Butler, 1889. = Calospilites van Schepdael, 1974: 9, 15, 18. An unnecessary replacement name. Type species: Lithopsyche antiqua Butler, 1889. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 63 antiqua Butler, 1889: 294, pl. 31: 3, 6 (Lithopsyche); Jarzembowski, 1980: 283, figs. 74, 77.SOHN ET AL. 64 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT: I.19984)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Gurnet Bay (Bouldnor Fm.)/Late Priabonian, Late Eocene. LYCAENITES Rebel, 1898: 742 (Lycaenidae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (uncertain). Type species: Lycaenites gabbroensis Rebel, 1898. gabbroensis Rebel, 1898: 742, pl. 1: 5, 7 (Lycaenites). CI (adult: whole body)/NHMW (HT: 1898/0013/0005; CHT: 1898/0013/0006)/Italy: Tuscany, Gabbro/Messinian, Late Miocene (Baciu et al. 2005). ?Bachofen-Echt, 1949: 150 (Lycaenites). AM (not stated)/not stated [?BPGM, not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at BPGM])/not stated/not stated. Comment: It is unclear whether the author was referring to Gravenhorst?s (1835) record or to an undescribed fossil. He assigned this record to Lycaenites without giving any explanation. GENUS incertae sedis ?Gravenhorst, 1835: 93 (Papilio); Giebel, 1856: 187 (undescribed butterfly); Scudder, 1875b: 87 (Thecla, uncon- firmed). AM (larva)/not stated (part of ca. 40 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author compared these specimens to an extant lycaenid, Satyrium w-album (= Papilio w. album auct), which is why we place it here. Family NYMPHALIDAE Swainson, 1827 [extant] Subfamily BIBLIDINAE Boisduval, 1833 [extant] DYNAMINE H?bner, 1819 [extant] alexae Pe?alver and Grimaldi, 2006: 7, figs. 2d, 3, 4, 5 (Dynamine). AM (adult: partial forewing, whole hindwing and abdomen, mid- and hindleg)/AMNH (HT: DR-18-2)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Subfamily DANAINAE Boisduval, 1833 [extant] ARCHAEOLYCOREA Martins-Neto, 1989: 380. Type species: Archaeolycorea ferreirai Martins-Neto, 1989. ferreirai Martins-Neto, 1989: 380, fig. 4a (Archaeolycorea). CI (adult: forewing)/IGEO (HT: 5618-I)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, near the municipality of Taubat? (Trememb? Fm.)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Martins-Neto, 1989: 380, pl. 1: e (Archaeolycorea). CI (pupa)/IGUSP (1 ex: GP/T-1642)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Trememb?, along the road that connects Rodovia Presi- dente Dutra with Campos do Jord?o (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) boundary. ?Martins-Neto, 1989: 381 (Archaeolycorea). CI (pupa)/IGUSP (1 ex: GP/T-1643)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Taubat?, Estiva District, Argila V?rgllio, Minera??o Com- pany (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. GENUS incertae sedis ?Brito and Ribeiro, 1975: 109, pl. 1: 3, pl. 2 (Danaidae). CI (adult: fore- and hindwing)/IGEO (1 ex: no. 311)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Municipe de Trememb?, la Fazenda Santa Fe (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Subfamily LIBYTHEINAE Boisduval, 1829 [extant] LIBYTHEANA Michener, 1943 [extant] = Barbarothea Scudder, 1890: 29. Nomen nudum [no description]. = Barbarothea Scudder, 1892: 21. Type species: Barbarothea florissanti Scudder, 1892. = Prolibythea Scudder, 1889: 461. Type species: Prolibythea vagabunda Scudder, 1889. florissanti Scudder, 1892: 23, figs. 1?5 (Barbarothea); Shields, 1985: 13, 18, 20 (Libythea); Kawahara, 2009: 273 (Libytheana). CI (adult: whole body)/originally private collection, S. H. Long (not found according to Meyer, 2003)/USA: Colo- rado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. vagabunda Scudder, 1889: 465, pl. 53: 4?9 (Prolibythea); Shields, 1985: 13, 20 (Libythea); Kawahara, 2009: 273 (Libytheana). CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT: no. 16353)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monu- ment (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Subfamily SATYRINAE Boisduval, 1833 [extant] cf. LETHE H?bner, 1819 [extant] corbieri Nel, Nel and Balme, 1993: 21, figs. 1?3 (?Lethe); Pfretzschner, 1998: 59, figs. 1?3. CI (adult: whole body; forewing)/PNRL (HT and CHT) and GPUT (1 ex)/France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, C?reste (Calcaires de Montfuron Fm. or Calcaites de Vach?res Fm.)/Rupelian (= Stampien), Early Oligocene (Heie and Lutz, 2002). LETHITES Scudder, 1875b: 34. A replacement name for Satyrites Scudder, 1872. Type species: Satyrites reynesii Scudder, 1872. = Lethites Scudder, 1875a: 265. Nomen nudum (see Hemming, 1967: 254). = Satyrites Scudder, 1872: 66 [preoccupied by Blanchard and Brull? (1840)]. = Latyrites [sic]; Brodie, 1873: 17. reynesii Scudder, 1872: 66, pl. 7 (Satyrites); Scudder, 1875b: 37, pl. 1: 2, 5 (Lethites). = Latyrites [sic] beynesii [sic]; Brodie, 1873: 17. CI (adult: whole body)/MVMF (HT)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 65 MYLOTHRITES Scudder, 1875b: 44.SOHN ET AL. 66 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Type species: Vanessa pluto Heer, 1849. pluto Heer, 1849: 179, pl. 14: 4 (Vanessa); Edwards, 1868: 160 (Argynnis); Butler, 1873: 127, pl. 48: 7 (?Junonia); Scudder, 1875b: 44 (Mylothrites). CI (adult: whole body)/NHMW (HT: 1940/0001/0011)/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/ Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). ?Heer, 1849: 180, pl. 14: 5 (Vanessa); Scudder, 1875b: 49?50, fig. 1, pl. 2: 15 (Mylothrites). = Vanessa pluto Heer, 1849: 180 (part). CI (adult: hindwing)/NHMG (1 ex)/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). NEORINELLA Martins-Neto, Kucera-Santos, Vieira and Fragoso, 1993: 6. Type species: Neorinella garciae Martines-Neto et al., 1993. garciae Martins-Neto, Kucera-Santos, Vieira and Fragoso, 1993: 7, figs. 2?3, pl. 1?2 (Neorinella). CI (adult: whole body)/DGUG (HT)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Bacia de Taubat? (Trememb? Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. NEORINOPIS Butler, 1873: 127. Type species: Cyllo sepulta Boisduval, 1840. = Neorinopsis [sic]; Th?obald, 1937: [in table 11]. sepulta Boisduval, 1840: 371, pl. 8 (Cyllo); Kirby, 1871: 39 (?Antirrhaea); Butler, 1873: 127, pl. 48: 3 (Neorino- pis); Nel and Nel, 1986: 346, pl. 1?2. = Papilio Satyrus sp.; de Serres, 1829: 230. = ?Nymphale sp.; Duponchel in Boisduval, 1838: 52. = ?Cyllo sp.; Boisduval in Rambur, 1839: xi?xii. = Vanessides; Lefebvre, 1851: 74. = Cullo [sic] sepulta; Nel et al., 1993: 31. CI (adult: wing)/MNHN (HT: IPM B-24309)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). PSEUDONEORINA Nel and Descimon, 1994: 292. Type species: Pseudoneorina coulleti Nel and Descimon, 1994. coulleti Nel and Descimon, 1994: 292, figs. 1?5 (Pseudoneorina). = butterfly; Henrotay, 1986: 272, 276 [in legend], pl. 2: 1. CI (adult: whole body)/MNHN (HT: no. 2486); ?Collection Coullet ? Barr?me? (PT); and private collection, Michel Henrotay/France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, C?reste (Calcaires de Montfuron Fm. or Calcaires de Vach?res Fm.) and Dauphin (?laminites lacustres?)/Rupelian (= Stampien), Early Oligocene (Heie and Lutz, 2002). Note: Dr. Andr? Nel informed us that an undescribed butterfly fossil from Henrotay (1986) is actually conspecific with Pseuconeorina coulleti Nel and Descimon. GENUS incertae sedis ?CoBabe et al., 2002: 18, fig. 4c (Satyrinae). CI (adult: forewing)/not stated/USA: Montana, Lewis and Clark Co., SE of Helena, western side of Canyon Ferry CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Reservoir/Chattian, Late Oligocene. ?Durden and Rose, 1978: 2 (Satyridae) [in footnote]. CI (not stated)/private collection, Lloyd Gunther, USA/USA: Colorado, Rio Blanco Co., Ray Dome (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?van Schepdael, 1974: 15, 20 (Satyridae). = Tagfalter [= butterfly]; Wangrin, 1940: 193, fig. CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, G. Wangrin, Szczecin, Poland (1 ex: [not traced])/Germany: Mecklen- burg?West Pomerania, Stettin [now Szczecin] (mineral concretion)/Oligocene. Subfamily NYMPHALINAE Swinson, 1827 [extant] AGLAIS Dalman, 1816 [extant] karaganica Nekrutenko, 1965a: 98 (Vanessa); Kozlov, 1988: 52 (Aglais). CI (adult: hindwing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/2936a)/Russia: N Caucasus, Stavropol Krai, Vishnevaya Balka (Kara- gan horizon)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 19) cited the view of R. de Jong that the assignment of this fossil to the extant genus Aglais is based on inadequate evidence. APANTHESIS Scudder, 1889: 459. Type species: Apanthesis leuce Scudder, 1889. leuce Scudder, 1889: 461, pl. 52: 12, 13 (Apanthesis). CI (adult: forewing)/MCZH (HT: no. 16354)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: Comstock (1961) suggested that this species is very close to the extant Holarctic genus Limenitis in wing venation. CHARAXES Ochsenheimer, 1816 [extant] candiope Godart, 1824 (Nymphalis) [extant]; Skalski, 1976b: 198 [fossil]. CO (adult: whole body)/not stated/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. DOXOCOPA H?bner, 1819 [extant] wilmattae Cockerell, 1907b: 361, pl. 10 (Chlorippe); Meyer, 2003: 224 (Doxocopa). CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT: B602) and USNM (1 ex: no. 58682)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. HESTINA Westwood, 1850 [extant] japonica Felder et Felder, 1862 (Apatura) [extant]; Fujiyama, 1983b: 122, pl. 1: 1 [fossil]. CI (adult: partial forewing)/NSMT (1 ex: PA12228)/Japan: Tochigi Pref., Shiobara Fossil Lake (Miyajima Fm.)/ Early or Middle Pleistocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 67 cf. JUNONIA H?bner, 1819 [extant]SOHN ET AL. 68 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Evers, 1907: 130, figs. 2, 3 (Precis [= Junonia] spp.); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (Rhopalocera incertae sedis). CO (adult: whole body)/originally private collection, J. von Evers, Hamburg, Germany [now ?GMUH] (2 ex)/Tan- zania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. JUPITELLIA Carpenter, 1985: 579. A replacement name for Jupiteria Scudder, 1889. = Jupiteria Scudder, [1881] 1883: 290. Nomen nudum (see Scudder, 1891: 675). = Jupiteria Scudder, 1889: 448. Type species: Jupiteria charon Scudder, 1889. A homonym of Jupiteria Bellardi 1875 [Mollusca: Bivalvia]. charon Scudder, 1889: 450, pl. 52: 14?15 (Jupiteria); Carpenter, 1985: 579 (Jupitellia). CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, R. D. Lacoe, Pittston, Pennsylvania, USA (HT: no. 2100)/USA: Colo- rado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. LIMENITIS Fabricius, 1807 [extant] ?Branscheid, 1977: 87, figs. 3, 4 (Limenitis). CI (adult: forewing and partial thorax)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 18558)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willer- shausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). LITHODRYAS Cockerell, 1909: 79. A replacement name for Lithopsyche Scudder, 1889. = Lithopsyche Scudder, 1889: 454. Type species: Lithopsyche styx Scudder, 1889. A homonym of Lithopsyche Butler, 1889 [Lepidoptera: ?Riodini- dae]. styx Scudder, 1889: 454, pl. 53: 11, 16, 17 (Lithopsyche); Cockerell, 1909: 79 (Lithodryas). CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Floris- sant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. NYMPHALITES Scudder, 1889: 457. Type species: Nymphalites obscurum Scudder, 1889. atavus Charpentier, 1843: 408, pl. 22: 4, pl. 22: 4 (Sphinx); Kirby, 1872: 185 (?Vanessa), 648 (?Nymphalis); Scud- der, 1875b: 41, pl. 1: 1, 3, 7 (Eugonia); Kozlov, 1988: 52 (Nymphalites). = Vanessa attavina; Heer, 1849: 177, pl. 14: 3. Unjustified emendation. = Sphinx attavus [sic]; Heer, 1849: 177. = ?Vanessa atovina; Kirby, 1872: 185. Unjustified emendation. = ?Nymphalis atovina; Kirby, 1872: 648. Unjustified emendation. CI (adult: partial forewing)/not stated (lost)/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: Only illustrations are still extant. The specimen itself is said to be lost (Scudder, 1875b). obscurus Scudder, 1889: 457, pl. 53: 10?13 (Nymphalites). CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT: no. 7768)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. scudderi Beutenm?ller and Cockerell in Cockerell, 1908: 67, pl. 5: 6 (Nymphalites).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: whole body)/AMNH (HT) and UCNH [CHT?]/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. zeuneri Jarzembowski, 1980: 279, figs. 72, 75, 76 (Nymphalites). = Lithosia sp.; Smith in Woodward, 1878: 88. = Butterfly: Scudder in Brodie, 1894a: 168. = Butterfly: Scudder in Brodie, 1894b: 70. = ?Lithosia: Handlirsch, 1907: 923. = cf. Euthalia: Zeuner, 1960: 310. CI (adult: fore- and hindwing)/BMNH (HT: I.10384; CHT)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Zeuner, 1931: 310?311, pl. 12: 2 (Apaturdi); Kozlov, 1988: 52 (Nymphalites). CI (larva: whole body)/GPUT (1 ex: Nr. 38)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Zeuner, 1931: 309?310, pl. 6: 1a?b (?Nymphalidarum gen. et spec.); Kozlov, 1988: 52 (Nymphalites). CI (larva: whole body)/SMNS (1 ex: Nr. 45)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. PRODRYAS Scudder, 1878: 520. Type species: Prodryas persephone Scudder, 1878. persephone Scudder, 1878: 524 (Prodryas); Scudder, 1889: 443, pl. 52: 1?10. CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT: MCZ-1=no. 394)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. VANESSA Fabricius, 1807 [extant] amerindica Miller and Brown, 1989: 2, figs. 1?4 (Vanessa). CI (adult: whole body)/FFNM (HT: FLFO-108) and FMUF (CHT: UF21999; PT: UF22000)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: Miller and Brown (1989) assigned this fossil to the extant genus Vanessa and suggested an Old World affinity, based on similarities to extant V. indica. de Jong (2007: 331) challenged this argument, calling it pre- mature and speculative. ?Nekrutenko, 1965b: 156, fig. 4 (Pyrameis); Kozlov, 1988: 52 (Vanessa). = Pyrameis fossilis Nekrutenko, 1965b: 156, fig. 4. Nomen conditionalis (see Kozlov, 1988: 52). CI (adult: hindwing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/2753)/Russia: N Caucasus, Stavropol Krai, Vishnevaya Balka (Karagan horizon)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Hammond and Poinar, 1998: 275, figs. 1?3 (Nymphalidae). AM (larva)/AIOSU/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 69 SUBFAMILY incertae sedisSOHN ET AL. 70 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press GENUS incertae sedis ?Grote, 1901: 108; Kusnetzov, 1941: 69 (Rhopalocera). CO (adult: whole body)/RPMH/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. Family PAPILIONIDAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] Subfamily PARNASIINAE Duponchel, 1835 [extant] Tribe LUEHDORFIINI Tutt, 1896 [extant] DORITITES Rebel, 1898: 735 (Parnasiinae); Nazari et al., 2007: 152 (Luehdorfiini). Type species: Doritites bosniaskii Rebel, 1898. = Luehdorfitis Bryk, 1912: 53. An unnecessary replacement name for Dorites Rebel, 1898. = Dorititis [sic]; Zeuner, 1960: 311. bosniaskii Rebel, 1898: 740, pl. 1: 1?3 (Doritites); Bryk, 1912: 53 (Luehdorfitis); Bryk, 1913: 121 (Luehdorfia). = Luehdorfitis bosniackii Bryk, 1912: 53. Unjustified emendation. CI (adult: whole body)/NHMW (HT: 1898/0013/0001; CHT: 1898/0013/0002)/Italy: Tuscany, Gabbro/Messinian, Late Miocene (Baciu et al. 2005). TRIBE incertae sedis THAITES Scudder, 1875b: 57 (Parnasiinae); Bryk, 1916: 40 (?Papilionidae); Nazari et al., 2007: 152 (uncertain). Type species: Thaites ruminianus Scudder, 1875. = Thaites Heer, 1861: 153, 205. Nomen nudum (see Hemming, 1967: 436). = Thaites de Saporta, 1872: 342. Nomen nudum (see Hemming, 1967: 436). = Thaitites [sic]: Bryk, 1916: 42. ruminianus Scudder, 1875b: 60, pl. 3: 1, 3, 6?10 (Thaites). = Thaites ruminiana Heer, 1861: 153, 205. Nomen nudum (see Hemming, 1967: 436). = Thaites ruminiana de Saporta, 1872: 342. Nomen nudum (see Hemming, 1967: 436). CI (adult: whole body)/PMUZ (HT; 1 ex)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). GENUS incertae sedis ?Leestmans, 1983: 73, fig. 13 (Parnassinae). CI (adult: whole body)/ENSM (lost)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: Only a photo taken by Th?obald in 1935 is extant. Subfamily PAPILIONINAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] PAPILIO Linnaeus, 1758 [extant] cf. maackii M?n?tri?s, 1859 (Papilio) [extant]; Fujiyama, 1968: 86, fig. 1, pl. 1: 1 [fossil].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: partial forewing)/NSMT (1 ex: no. 7141)/Japan: Tochigi Pref., Shiobara Fossil Lake (Miyajima Fm.)/ Early or Middle Pleistocene. ?Bachofen-Echt, 1949: 146 (Papilio). AM (not stated)/not stated [?BPGM: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at BPGM])/not stated/not stated. Comment: It is unclear whether Bachofen-Echt was referring to an undescribed amber inclusion or simply citing a previous record. The author pointed to an amber inclusion which can be assigned to ?the family that Papilio belongs to.? Subfamily PRAEPAPILIONINAE Durden and Rose, 1978: 5 PRAEPAPILIO Durden and Rose, 1978: 5. Type species: Praepapilio colorado Durden and Rose, 1978. Comment: Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 19) regarded the two species of Praepapilio to be ?the oldest named but- terflies.? de Jong (2007: 320) suggested that this genus belongs at the base of the Papilionidae. colorado Durden and Rose, 1978: 6, figs. 1, 6a, 6b (Praepapilio). CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, Hugh Rose, New Hampshire, USA (HT: no. 1)/USA: Colorado, Rio Blanco Co., Ray Dome (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. gracilis Durden and Rose, 1978: 11, figs. 2, 3, 6c, 6d (Praepapilio). CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, Hugh Rose, New Hampshire, USA (HT: no. 2a) and BHM (CHT: no. 2b)/USA: Colorado, Rio Blanco Co., Ray Dome (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family PIERIDAE Duponchel, 1835 [extant] Subfamily PIERINAE Duponchel, 1835 [extant] BELENOIS H?bner, 1825 [extant] crawshayi Butler, 1893 (Belenois) [extant]; Zeuner, 1942: 415 [fossil]. CO (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex: I.3004)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sed- iments)/Late Pleistocene. COLIATES Scudder, 1875b: 51. Type species: Coliates proserpina Scudder, 1875. proserpina Scudder, 1875b: 52, pl. 2: 5 (Coliates). CI (adult: forewing)/originally private collection, Count de Saporta [probably now MNHN]/France: Bouches-du- Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene bound- ary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). OLIGODONTA Brown, 1976: 2. Type species: Oligodonta florissantensis Brown, 1976. florissantensis Brown, 1976: 4, figs. 1?3 (Oligodonta). CI (adult: whole body)/FFNM (HT); PSWC (CHT: WC-FL-1)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: de Jong (2007: 322) criticized Brown?s (1976) interpretation of this fossil and its family assignment. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 71 PIERITES Heer, 1849: 182.SOHN ET AL. 72 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Type species: not designated. Comment: Heer (1849) did not designate the type species of Pierites. Since Heer included only one species, P. frey- eri Heer, 1849, Hemming (1967) interpreted the specimen as the type species of Pierites. This subsequent des- ignation of the type species is problematic, since P. freyeri was transferred to the extant genus Pontia by Scudder (1875b). Pierites is currently used as a collective genus for fossils whose placement in Pieridae is uncertain (e.g. Kozlov 1988). For that reason, type species designation is not required (ICZN 4th edition, Arti- cle 13.3.2). We therefore disregard the subsequent designation of the type. ?Branscheid, 1968: 42, figs. 1?2 (Aporia cf. crataegi); Kozlov, 1988: 50 (Pierites). CI (adult: forewing; hindwing)/GPUG (1 ex)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). ?Branscheid, 1969: 102?103 (Aporia); Brauckmann et al., 2001: 37, figs. 2?3 (?Aporia). comb. nov. CI (adult: forewing and hindwing)/GPTUC (9 ex: 664-1[4588/a]; 646-2[9507/a]; 646-3[14264/a]; 646-4[17712/a]; 646-5[8472/a]; 646-6[8815]; 646-7[38/116a,b]; 646-8[8471/a]; 646-9[4828])/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Comment: Following the example of Kozlov (1988) with regard to other alleged Aporia fossils, we treat these specimens as Pierites sp. ?Branscheid, 1977: 85, fig. 2 (Aporia). comb. nov. CI (adult: hindwing)/originally private collection, A. Straus [now ?GPUG] (1 ex: no. 19563)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Comment: Following the example of Kozlov (1988) with regard to other alleged Aporia fossils, we treat these specimens as Pierites sp. ?Kernbach, 1967: 108, fig. 12 (Aporia); Kozlov, 1988: 50 (Pierites). = Aporia crataegi L. fossilis Kernbach, 1967: 108. CI (adult: hindwing)/GPUG (1 ex: 596-12[13589])/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacen- zian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). PONTIA Fabricius, 1807 [extant] freyeri Heer, 1849: 182, pl. 14: 6, pl. 14: 6 (Pierites); Scudder, 1875b: 54, pl. 2: 16, 18 (Pontia). CI (adult: forewing)/originally stated as ?k.k. montanistischen Sammlung zu Wien [possibly now GSAV]? (HT: [GSAV or lost?: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at GSAV])/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). STOLOPSYCHE Scudder, 1889: 467. Type species: Stolopsyche libytheoides Scudder, 1889. libytheoides Scudder, 1889: 468, pl. 53: 1?3 (Stolopsyche). CI (adult: whole body)/MCZH (HT: no. 11077)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monu- ment (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Questionably placed in Pieridae MIOPIERIS Zeuner, 1942: 409 (Pieridae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (?Lycaenidae). Type species: Miopieris talboti Zeuner, 1942. talboti Zeuner, 1942: 409, fig. 1 (Miopieris).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: whole body)/BMNH (HT)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Branscheid, 1977: 85, fig. 1 (Pieridae). CI (adult: forewing)/GPUG (1 ex: no. 52-30 979)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). ?Richter and Storch, 1980: 364, fig. 13 (Pieridae). GC (adult: cuticular fragments)/FNSF/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Mes- sel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. FAMILY incertae sedis GENUS incertae sedis ?Bachofen-Echt, 1949: 147 (Papilionidae). AM (adult emerging from pupa)/originally private collection, Othenio Abel, Germany [lost?]/not stated/not stated. Comment: The author referred to ?one or two small papilionid butterflies? (147: lines 8 and 9). ?Benassi, 1896: 318 (butterfly). CI (pupa)/not stated [lost?]/Italy: Centovalli, Val Vigezzo/Pleistocene or Holocene. ?Bonde et al., 2008: 144 (Papilionoidea). CI (adult: not stated)/NHMD/Denmark: Zutland, Fur Island, Stolleklint Clay (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleo- cene. ?Durden and Rose, 1978: 1 (butterfly). not stated/FFNM (1 ex)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Grote, 1901: 108 (Rhopalocera). CO (adult: whole body)/RPMH/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. ?Hope, 1836: 146 (Papilio); Scudder, 1875b: 87 (extant species). CO and AM (not stated)/Strong collection [?OUNH: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at OUNH]/not stated/ not stated. Comment: For unknown reasons, Hope (1936) cited Brendt as the authority. Scudder (1875b) raised the possibility that the fossil is a forgery. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 284, fig. 63 (Papilionoidea, genus indet.). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.64545)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: Jarzembowski (1980) noted a resemblance of this fossil to Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae. ?Kernbach, 1967: 108 (butterfly). CI (adult)/GPUG (5 ex)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauck- mann et al. 2001). Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 73 ?Larsson, 1975: 197, 204 (Rhopalocera) [multiple species].SOHN ET AL. 74 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI (adult: wings)/NHMD and FMND (6 ex)/Denmark: NW Jutland, Limfjord area, Mo-clay (Fur and Olst Fms)/ Late Paleocene?Early Eocene. ?Lemdahl, 2000: 307, fig. 5, tbl. 3 (larval jaws of butterflies). SR (larva: mandibles)/BTVU/Switzerland: SW Alps, H?r?mence (Late Glacial Maximum, unconsolidated sedi- ments)/Younger Dryas, Holocene. Clade Macroheterocera Chapman, 1893 [extant] Superfamily BOMBYCOIDEA Latreille, 1802 [extant] Family SATURNIIDAE Boisduval, 1837 [extant] Subfamily AGLIINAE Packard, 1893 [extant] AGLIA Ochsenheimer, 1810 [extant] tau Linnaeus, 1758 (Phalaena) [extant]; Lindberg, 1900: 235 [fossil]. SR (larva: thoracic segments)/not stated/Finland: Lohja/Pleistocene. Subfamily SATURNIINAE Boisduval, 1837 [extant] Tribe ATTACINI Blanchard, 1840 [extant] cf. ROTHSCHILDIA Grote, 1897 [extant] fossilis Cockerell, 1914: 271, fig. 34 (?Attacus); Sch?ssler, 1933: 55 (Rothschildia). CI (adult: partial forewing)/UCNH/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Tribe BUNAEINI Packard, 1902 [extant] cf. CIRINA Walker, 1855 [extant] cf. forda Westwood, 1849 (Saturnia) [extant]; Kitching and Sadler, 2011: 551?552, figs. 20.1a?c, g?h [fossil]. SI (pupa: whole body)/not stated (1 ex: EP 352/03)/Tanzania: Laetoli, Upper Laetoli Beds (Laetoli Fm.)/?Gelasian, Late Pliocene. SUBFAMILY incertae sedis ?Kunz, 2010: 43, 45, figs. (Saturniidae cocoons) SI (cocoon)/various institutes (> 37 ex)/France: Alsace, North Middle Upper Rhine Graben, Bouxwiller quarry (Bouxwiller Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Family SPHINGIDAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] MIOCLANIS Zhang, Sun and Zhang, 1994: 82. Type species: Mioclanis shanwangiana Zhang, Sun and Zhang, 1994.CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) shanwangiana Zhang, Sun and Zhang, 1994: 82, figs. 58, 59, pl. 10: 4 (Mioclanis). CI (adult: whole body)/PFDL (HT: SK000361)/China: Shandong, Lingu, Shanwang (Shanwang Fm.)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Churcher, 1966: 990, fig. 15 (Sphingidae). AS (adult: proboscis)/ROMUT/Peru: Piura, Talara (Lobitos Tablazo Fm.)/Late Pleistocene. ?Zhang, 1989: 94, pl. 20: 3 (Sphingidae). CI (adult: whole body)/SFML (1 ex: no. 820157)/China: Shandong, Lingu, Shanwang (Shanwang Fm.)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. Questionably placed in Sphingidae SPHINGIDITES Kernbach, 1967: 108 (Sphingidae); Kozlov, 1988: 23, 55 (uncertain). Type species: Sphingidites weidneri Kernbach, 1967. A subsequent designation by Clark et al. (1971: 582). Comment: Brauckmann et al. (2001) held Kernbach?s description of this genus to be invalid because of the lack of a diagnosis. It is not clear what Kernbach originally intended with this genus. We assume that it was desig- nated to accommodate sphingid-like fossils whose association is not convincing. In this case, the collective genus does not need to have a type species or a diagnosis. The circumscription of the genus is not affected by the type species unnecessarily designated by Clark et al. (1971). weidneri Kernbach, 1967: 108, fig. 11 (Sphingidites). CI (larva: whole body)/GPUG (HT: 596-11=3435)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacen- zian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). GENUS incertae sedis ?Berendt, 1830: 37 (Sphinx [s. l.]); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (Lepidoptera incertae sedis). AM (?adult)/not stated/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Haase, 1890: 26 (Sphinx); Handlirsch, 1908: 628. CI (not stated)/Dr. A. Assmann?s collection [now ?NHUW]/not stated/not stated. Comment: No description or illustration is available for this fossil. Haase (1890) mentioned the specimen based on a drawing provided by Dr. A. Assmann who did not state the depository of this fossil. ?Leakey, 1952: 624, fig. 1 (lepidopterous larva); Kitching and Sadler, 2011: 550 (probably Sphingidae). SI (larva: whole body)/British-Kenya Miocene Expedition Collection, BMNH (1 ex)/Kenya: South Nyanza, Rus- inga and M?fwangano Islands in Lake Victoria (Hiwegi Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (van Couvering and Miller, 1969). ?Sch?berlin, 1888: 69 (Sphingidae). CI (larva: whole body)/originally Massmann Collection [private?]/Switzerland: Neuch?tel Canton, Oeningen (?Molasseformatien?)/Messinian, Late Miocene. Comment: The author likened this fossil to the larva of the extant Hemaris fuciformis in size. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 75 ?Zeuner, 1927: 321, figs. 1?3, 5 (?Sphingidenraupe?)SOHN ET AL. 76 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press SI (larva: whole body)/GPUT (1 ex)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Family BOMBYCIDAE Latreille, 1802 [extant] Questionably placed in Bombycidae BOMBYCITES Heer, 1849: 183; Handlirsch, 1908: 927 (uncertain). Type species: Bombycites oeningensis Heer, 1849. buechii Heer, 1865: 397, fig. 310 (Bombycites). CI (larva: whole body)/not stated [maybe now PMUZ]/Switzerland: Neuch?tel Canton, Oeningen (?Molasseforma- tien?)/Messinian, Late Miocene. Comment: The figure accompanying Heer?s original description is insufficient to show any affinity with any family of Lepidoptera (Kozlov 1988). oeningensis Heer, 1849: 183, pl. 14: 7 (Bombycites). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/PMUZ (HT)/Switzerland: Neuch?tel Canton, Oeningen (?Molasseformatien?)/ Messinian, Late Miocene. Comment: Handlirsch (1908) erroneously gave ?pupa? as the stage of the fossil. FAMILY incertae sedis GENUS incertae sedis ?George, 1952: 88, fig. 55 (Sphingidae); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (uncertain). CI (adult: wing scale)/SJCA (> 1 ex: slide no. 16)/Pakistan: Punjab, Salt Range, Warcha and Jankush Nulla Gorges (Saline Series dolomite)/Late Eocene (Lamba, 1944). ?Richter and Storch, 1980: 365, fig. 16 (?Sphingidae). GC (adult: cuticular fragments)/FNSF/Germany: Hesse, S Frankfurt, near Darmstadt, Messel oil shale-layers (Mes- sel Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Superfamily GEOMETROIDEA Leach, 1815 [extant] Family GEOMETRIDAE Leach, 1815 [extant] GEOMETRIDITES Kernbach, 1967: 107. Type species: Geometridites repens Kernbach, 1967. A subsequent designation by Clark et al. (1971: 582). Comment: Kernbach (1967) included two species when he proposed this genus but did not designate a type. Clark et al. (1971), recognizing this problem, made the genus name available by designating one species as the type. From this, Fletcher (1979) attributed the authorship of Geometridites to Clark et al. (1971). In the most recent code (ICZN 4th edition, Article 13.3.2), the requirement for type designation has been relaxed for collective fossil genera. Therefore, Geometridites is available even without a type species and authorship should be attributed to Kernbach (1967). jordani Kernbach, 1967: 107, fig. 8 (Geometridites). CI (adult: wings)/GPUG (HT: 596-7=10119 and 10119a)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/ Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). larentiiformis Jarzembowski, 1980: 278, fig. 71 (Geometridites).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: partial forewing)/BMNH (HT: I.8866/8935)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. repens Kernbach, 1967: 107, fig. 7 (Geometridites). CI (larva: whole body)/GPUG (HT: 596-6=11499/11499a)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/ Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). ?Heer, 1861: 153 (Palaenites); Kozlov, 1988: 45 (Geometridites). = Phalaenites proserpinae Heer, 1861: 153. Nomen nudum (see Kozlov, 1988: 45). = Phalaena proserpinae; van Schepdael, 1974: 14. not stated (adult?)/not stated/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). cf. HYDRIOMENA H?bner, 1825 [extant] protrita Cockerell, 1922: 1, fig. 1 (?Hydriomena). CI (adult: forewing)/AMNH (HT)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. HYPERYTHRA Guen?e, 1857 [extant] lutea Stoll, 1787 (Phalaena Geometra) [extant]; Evers, 1907: 130, fig. 1 [fossil]; Kozlov, 1988: 45 (Geometridites sp.). CO (adult: whole body)/PJEH (1 ex)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/ Late Pleistocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?FIRGNE, 1990: 101, fig. 10.3.1 (pupa type I-A-1). SR (pupa)/not stated [?OMNH] (1 ex: i-200)/Japan: Nagano Pref., Ikejiri-gawa Hollow, Hill Site excavation site (Nojiri-ko Fm.)/Late Pleistocene. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: fig. 13: 24 (Geometridae). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH (1 ex: DR14-20)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 586, fig. 13: 58 (Geometridae). AM (larva: whole body)/private collection, E. Morone, Torino, Italy (1 ex: M0482)/Dominican Republic: Cordil- lera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 586, fig. 13: 59 (Geometridae). AM (adult: whole body)/AMNH/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Handlirsch, 1908: 1133 (Geometridae). CO (not stated)/NHMW (2 ex)/Benin and Guinea/Pleistocene-Holocene. ?Lewis, 1992: 16 [in table] (Geometridae); Wilson, 1996: 226. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 77 CI (not stated)/not stated [?TBMM or ?CSUM]/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Mountain SOHN ET AL. 78 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Questionably placed in Geometridae ANGERONA auct Giebel, 1862: 317 (Geometridae) (nec Duponchel, 1829 [extant]); Kusnezov, 1941: 68 (Mac- rolepidoptera incertae sedis). electrina Giebel, 1862: 317 (Angerona). = Angerona electrica [sic]; Oppenheim, 1885: 347 CO (adult: whole body)/CMNH (1 ex: no. 4177)/not stated/possibly Holocene (after Bauer et al. 2005). PHALAENITES Heer, 1849: 186; Kozlov, 1988: 55 (uncertain). Type species: Phalaenites crenata Heer, 1849. A subsequent designation by Flecher (1979). obsoletus Heer, 1849: 187, pl. 14: 12 (Phalaenites). CI (adult: forewing)/originally stated as ?k.k. montanistischen Sammlung zu Wien (possibly now GSAV)? (HT: [GSAV or lost?: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at GSAV])/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). crenatus Heer, 1849: 186, pl. 14: 11 (Phalaenites). CI (adult: forewing)/originally stated as ?k.k. montanistischen Sammlung zu Wien (possibly now GSAV)? (HT: [GSAV or lost?: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at GSAV])/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). PROBLONGOS M?rit and M?rit, 2008: 29, 31. Type species: Problongos baudiliensis M?rit and M?rit, 2008. baudiliensis M?rit and M?rit, 2008: 31, figs. 3, 4a (Problongos). CI (adult: whole body)/private collection, Xavier M?rit, Palaiseau, France (HT)/France: Ard?che, Saint-Bauzile (diatomite)/Tortonian, Late Miocene. Comment: The authors associated this fossil with the Geometridae, based solely on superficial similarity in wing shape. The evidence is weak, and we therefore treat this as a questionable geometrid fossil. GENUS incertae sedis ?Harris and Raine, 2002: 461, fig. 1 (Geometridae). SR (adult: saccular sclerite of male genitalia)/IGNS (1 ex: L10414/1)/New Zealand: Canterbury, Rakaia Gorge, north bank of Rakaia River (Broken River Fm.)/Albian?Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: The authors associated this fossil with the larentiine genus Helastia. It is not clear whether the supposed saccular sclerite is in fact a part of the male genitalia as opposed to something else. Even if the authors? inter- pretation is correct, the fragment supports no diagnosis as to family. We therefore treat this as a questionable geometrid fossil. Superfamily NOCTUOIDEA Latreille, 1809 [extant] Family NOCTUIDAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] Subfamily PLUSIINAE Boisduval, [1828] [extant]CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) GENUS incertae sedis ?FIRGNE, 1990: 101, fig.10.3.2 (pupa type II-D). SR (pupa)/not stated [?OMNH] (1 ex: i-583)/Japan: Nagano Pref., Ikejiri-gawa Hollow, Hill Site excavation site (Nojiri-ko Fm.)/Late Pleistocene. Subfamily NOCTUINAE Latreille, 1809 [extant] EUROIS H?bner, 1821 [extant] occulta Linnaeus, 1757 (Noctua) [extant]; Iversen, 1934: 343, 351, 354, 356 (Agrotis) [fossil]. SR (pupa: partial body)/NHMD? (65 ex)/Denmark: Greenland, Nordm?nner-Siedlungen ?sterbygden and Vester- bygden (Last Glacial Maximum, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. Family EREBIDAE Leach, 1815 [extant] Subfamily ARCTIINAE Leach, 1815 [extant] Tribe SYNTOMINI Herrich-Sch?ffer, 1846 [extant] OLIGAMATITES Kusnezov, 1928: 431. Type species: Oligamatites martynovi Kusnezov, 1928. martynovi Kusnezov, 1928: 431 (Oligamatites). CI (adult: partial body, forewing and hindwing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 2113 32/35)/Kazakhstan: Semipalatinsk Prov., Zaisan district, Mount Ashutas, Irtysh river, E of the sixth ravine/Oligocene. PSEUDONACLIA Butler, 1876 [extant] puella Boisduval, 1847 (Naclia) [extant]; Zeuner, 1943: 144, figs. 1?2 [fossil]. CO (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex: In.17682)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. Questionably assigned to Syntomini CHARIDEA auct Dalman, 1826 (nec Dalman, 1816 [extant]). metis Dalman, 1826: 497, pl. 5: 19 (Charidea); Hope, 1836: 146 (Pavonia); Walker, 1854: 277 (?Euchromia). CO (adult: whole body)/originally in possession of J. W. Dalman [not traced]/origin uncertain (Dalman, 1826)/ uncertain. cf. SYNTOMIS Ochsenheimer, 1808 [extant] ?Hope, 1836: 146 (Syntomis spp.). CO (not stated)/Hope and Strong collection [?OUNH: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at OUNH] (3 ex)/not stated/not stated. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 79 Comment: Hope (1836) stated that there were several specimens belonging to this genus. He attributed the ?author-SOHN ET AL. 80 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ity? to Westwood, which possibly meant that Westwood would describe them. However, these specimens have never been described. Tribe ARCTIINI Leach, 1815 [extant] cf. ARCTIA Schrank, 1802 [extant] ?Klebs, 1890: 270 (Arctia). AM (adult: not stated)/not stated [?AMKR] (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: It is not clear that the author was specifically referring to the genus Arctia as currently defined. At the time, this genus name was applied to most large arctiine species. However, given that the specimen is stated to be ?of a considerable size?, it would be very interesting to determine whether it is actually a large arctiine moth. TRIBE incertae sedis GENUS incertae sedis ?Joseph, 1986: cover page (a moth); Douglas and Stockey, 1996: 1151, fig. 16 (Arctiidae). CI (adult: whole body)/TBMM (1 ex: no. 66000)/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Moun- tain Fm.)/Early Lutetian, Middle Eocene (Pearson and Obradovich, 1977). ?Kernbach, 1967: 107 (Arctiidae). CI (adult: wings)/originally in Hering collection [lost?]/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/ Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). Comment: This record was based on Dr. E. M. Hering's determination. Questionably placed in Arctiinae ARCTIITES Rebel, 1898: 732 (Arctiidae); Kozlov, 1988: 53 (uncertain). Type species: Arctiites deletus Rebel, 1898. deletus Rebel, 1898: 732, pl. 1: 6 (Arctiites). CI (adult: body and partial forewing)/NHMW (HT: 1898/0013/0004; CHT: 1898/0013/0003)/Italy: Tuscany, Gab- bro/Messinian, Late Miocene (Baciu et al. 2005). STAUROPOLIA Skalski, 1988: 21. Type species: Stauropolia nekrutenkoi Skalski, 1988. nekrutenkoi Skalski, 1988: 22, figs. 1?2 (Stauropolia). CI (adult: partial body and a forewing)/PIRAS (HT: no. 1102/2)/Russia: N Caucasus, near Stavropol Krai, Sengi- leyevskaya (Karagan horizon)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. Subfamily LYMANTRIINAE Hampson, 1893 [extant] cf. EUPROCTIS H?bner, 1819 [extant] CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) ?Benassi, 1896: 318 (Porthesia [= Euproctis]); Handlirsch, 1908: 1133 (Bombycidae). CI (adult: hindwing)/not stated [lost?]/Italy: Centovalli, Val Vigezzo/Pleistocene?Holocene. GENUS incertae sedis ?Cavallo and Galletti, 1987: 174, pl. 12: 5 (Lymantriidae). CI (adult: whole body)/MCFE (1 ex)/Italy: Piedmont, Alba, gypsiferous marls/Messinian, Late Miocene. Comment: The authors did not describe this fossil, but included a drawing of it from an unpublished manuscript by Carlo Sturani. Questionably placed in Lymantriinae ?Evers, 1907: 132 (Liparidae [= Lymantriinae] larva); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (uncertain). CO (larva: whole body)/GMUH (1 ex)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/ Late Pleistocene. Subfamily CATOCALINAE Boisduval, 1828 [extant] PHILODARCHIA Martins-Neto, 1998a: 77. Type species Philodarchia cigana Martins-Neto, 1998. cigana Martins-Neto, 1998a: 77, fig. 1c (Philodarchia). CI (adult: whole body)/DGUG (HT: UnG/IT-058)/Brazil: S?o Paulo, Trememb? City, near Padre Eternal, Fazenda Santa F? (Trememb? Fm.)/Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. Family NOTODONTIDAE Stephens, 1829 [extant] GENUS incertae sedis ?Prokop, 2003: 335 [in table], 338 (Notodontidae). CI (adult: forewing)/not stated [NMPC or private collection, Zden?k Dvo??k]/Czech Republic: Bohemia, ?st? Region, Bilina Mine (Most Fm.)/Aquitanian, Early Miocene. Questionably placed in Notodontidae CERURITES Kernbach, 1967: 107; Carpenter, 1992: 380 (uncertain). Type species: Cerurites wagneri Kernbach, 1967. A subsequent designation by Clark et al. (1971: 582). wagneri Kernbach, 1967: 107, fig. 10 (Cerurites). CI (adult: whole body)/GPUG (HT: 596-10=12202)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacen- zian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). FAMILY incertae sedis NOCTUITES Heer, 1849: 185. Type species: Noctuites haidingeri Heer, 1849. A subsequent designation by Nye (1975). Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 81 = Xyleutites Kozhantchikov, 1957: 676 (Cossidae) [synonymized by Kozlov (1988: 45)].SOHN ET AL. 82 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Type species: Xyleutites miocenicus Kozhantchikov, 1957. Comment: This genus was originally designated to accommodate noctuids of uncertain association. The family Noctuidae has now been restricted largely to the trifine subfamilies by Zahiri et al. (2010). This necessitates revision of the original concept of Noctuites. Most noctuoid fossils are incomplete, making them hard to place in a modern phylogeny of Noctuoidea. We suggest redefining the genus Noctuites to include noctuoids whose further association cannot be determined. Since our redefinition does not conflict with the subsequent type designation by Nye (1975), we retain Noctuites haidingeri Heer as the type species of the genus. caucasicus Kozlov, 1988: 45, fig. 10, pl. 3: 1 (Noctuites). CI (adult: forewing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/175)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km to the west of Stavropol, Vish- nevaya Balka, Cherry Ravine (Karagan horizon)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. deperditus Heer, 1856: 30, pl. 2: 8 (Noctuites); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (incertae sedis). CI (adult: whole body)/PMUZ (HT)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). effosus Heer, 1849: 185, pl. 14: 10 (Noctuites); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (incertae sedis). = Noctuites effossus [sic]; Handlirsch, 1908: 924. CI (adult: forewing)/originally stated as ?k.k. montanistischen Sammlung zu Wien [possibly now GSAV]? (HT: [GSAV or lost?: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at GSAV])/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). gersdorfi Kernbach, 1967: 107, fig. 9 (Noctuites); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (incertae sedis). CI (adult: wings)/GPUG (HT: 596-8; PT: 596-9)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). haidingeri Heer, 1849: 185, pl. 14: 9 (Noctuites). CI (adult: forewing)/NHMG (HT: UMJG and P 77562)/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/ Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). incertissimus Oustalet, 1870: 158, pl. 1: 18 (Noctuites); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (incertae sedis). CI (adult: whole body)/originally private collection, M. Lecoq [possibly at MNHN or lost]/France: Cantal, Puy-de- D?me, ?Gergovia/Chattian, Late Oligocene. kaspievi Kozlov, 1988: 46, fig. 11, pl. 3: 2 (Noctuites). CI (adult: partial forewing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/2057)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km west of Stavropol, Vishnevaya Balka, Cherry Ravine (Karagan horizon)/Langhian, Middle Miocene. kozhantshikovi Kozlov, 1988: 47, fig. 13, pl. 3: 4?5 (Noctuites). CI (adult: partial forewing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/166)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km west of Stavropol, Vish- nevaya Balka, Cherry Ravine (Chokraksky horizon)/Middle Miocene. kusnezovi Kozlov, 1988: 47, fig. 12, pl. 3: 3 (Noctuites). CI (adult: partial forewing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/1912)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km west of Stavropol, Vishnevaya Balka, Cherry Ravine (Chokraksky horizon)/Middle Miocene. maximus Kozlov, 1988: 47, fig. 14, pl. 4: 2?3 (Noctuites). CI (adult: partial forewing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/178)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km west of Stavropol, Vish- nevaya Balka, Cherry Ravine (Chokraksky horizon)/Middle Miocene. miocenicus Kozhanchikov, 1957: 676, fig. 2 (Xyleutites); Kozlov, 1988: 47, fig. 15, pl. 4: 1 (Noctuites). CI (adult: forewing)/PIRAS (HT: 254/182)/Russia: Stavropol, Vishnevaya Balka, Cherry Ravine (unknown CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) horizon)/Tortonian, Late Miocene. radobojana Kozlov, 1988: 48 (Noctuites). = (Noctuidae) radobojana Handlirsch, 1908: 924. Nomen nudum [non-binominal (Kozlov, 1988: 48)]. CI (adult: forewing)/originally stated as ?Wiener Hofmuseum [now NHMW]? (HT: [NHMW or lost?: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at NHMW])/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). stavropolicus Kozlov, 1988: 48, fig. 16, pl. 4: 4 (Noctuites). CI (adult: partial forewing)/PIRAS (HT: PIN 254/185)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km west of Stavropol, Tem- nolessky village (Chokraksky horizon)/Middle Miocene. ?Hope, 1836: 146 (Noctua). comb. nov. AM (not stated)/not stated/not stated/not stated. Comment: It is unlikely that the author was referring specifically to the genus Noctua as currently defined. Rather, he applied Noctua as a collective name for noctuids, making it equivalent to Noctuites. For this reason, we treat this fossil under Noctuites. ?Kozlov, 1988: 48, fig. 17, pl. 4: 5 (Noctuites). CI (adult: body)/PIRAS (1 ex: PIN 254/201)/Russia: Stavropol Territory, 18 km to the west of Stavropol, Temno- lessky village (Chokraksky horizon)/Middle Miocene. ?Lomnicki, 1894: 99, pl. 9: 81 (Noctua). comb. nov. AS (adult: wing)/LNHM (1 ex)/Ukraine: L?viv, 1.5 miles SE of Drohobycz, Boryslawia [= Boryslav] (unconsoli- dated tar sands)/Pleistocene. Comment: It is unlikely that the author was referring specifically to the genus Noctua as currently defined. Rather, Lomnicki applied Noctua as a collective name for noctuids, making it equivalent to Noctuites. For this reason, we treat this fossil under Noctuites. GENUS incertae sedis ?Bonde et al., 2008: 143 (Noctuidae). CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (1 ex: DK 172)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island, Ejerslev Molergrav (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Curtis, 1829: 295 (?Phalaena); Handlirsch, 1908: 927 (uncertain). CI (adult)/originally Murchison and Lyell?s collection [lost?]/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zher- ikhin, 2002). ?Douglas and Stockey, 1996:1151, fig. 33 (Noctuidae). CI (adult: partial hindwing)/UAME (1 ex: no. 4579)/Canada: British Columbia, Quilchena Creek Valley (Allenby Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (Mathewes and Brooke, 1971). ?Holst, 1908: 5 (Lepidoptera); Kolbe, 1932: 210; Henriksen, 1933: 213 (Noctuidae spp.) SR (pupa)/not stated/Sweden: Lund, Toppeladug?rd, Aller?dmuld Glacial (Last glacial interval, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. ?Poinar, 1992: 287 (Noctuidae). AM (not stated)/not stated/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 83 ?Reiss, 1936: 554 (Noctuidae).SOHN ET AL. 84 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI (not stated)/SMNS (1 ex: Nr. 43951)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Scudder, 1867: 117 (Noctuidae); Scudder, 1877: 765 (Diptera, Eristalis lapideus); Kozlov, 1988: 54 (Noctuidae). CI (adult)/originally private collection, William Denton [now ?MCZH]/USA: Wyoming, Sweetwater Co., Green River (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Th?obald, 1937: 163, pl. 3: 20 (Noctuidae); Leestmans, 1983: 81, fig. 21. CI (adult: whole body)/NHMB (1 ex: R. 827)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Kleinkems (?Plattiger Steinmer- gel?)/late Chattian, Late Oligocene. Questionably placed in Noctuoidea Genus incertae sedis ?Bachofen-Echt, 1949: 150 (Triphaena); Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (Noctuidae). AM (not stated)/not stated [?BPGM: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at BPGM])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: It is also possible that the author incorrectly cited Gervais (1877). Skalski (1990) simply listed Noctui- dae from Baltic amber. It is likely that he cited Bachofen-Echt?s record. ?Gall and Tiffney, 1983: 507, figs. 1a?c, f (Noctuidae); Whalley, 1986: 257 (?Noctuidae); Kozlov, 1988: 48 (Noc- tuites). SI (egg)/PMNH/USA: Massachusetts, Martha's Vineyard, Gay Head (Magothy Fm.)/Campanian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: If correctly identified, this fossil might be the earliest fossil evidence of Noctuoidea and the encompass- ing Macroheterocera. Kristensen and Skalski (1998: 20?21), however, strongly doubted the noctuid origin of the fossil eggs, which show only phenetic similarities, not diagnostic autapomorphies, with extant noctuid eggs. ?Gervais, 1877: 68 (maybe Triphaena); Kozlov, 1988: 57 (uncertain). SI (pupa)/not stated [probably MNHN, if not lost]/France: Lot, Quercy (Phosphorites Fm.)/early Chattian, Late Oligocene (Wolsan and Lange-Berd?, 1996). ?Nuorteva and Kinnunen, 2008: 119, fig. 12 (Noctuidae). AM and T (larval frass)/FMUH (1 ex: no. 5640)/Lithuania: Klaipedos, Palanga (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lute- tian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The authors likened the fossil to frass produced by the larvae of Panolis flammea (Noctuidae). 2. Lepidoptera incertae sedis This section includes lepidopteran fossils whose taxonomic placement is uncertain due to their incomplete preser- vation or the lack of taxonomic study. CHIONAEMOPSIS Cockerell and LeVeque, 1931: 354 (uncertain); Forbes, 1931: 479 (Attevidae); Kozlov, 1988: 53?54 (?Oecophoridae); Carpenter, 1992: 380 (?Yponomeutidae). Type species: Chionaemopsis quadrifasciatus Cockerell and LeVeque, 1931. quadrifasciatus Cockerell and LeVeque, 1931: 355 (Chionaemopsis). CI (adult: partial forewing)/Henderson and Byram Collection [?UCNH]/USA: Colorado, Garfield Co., Piceance Creek Basin, Parachute Creek (Green River Fm.)/early Lutetian, Middle Eocene. PHALAENA auct Bloch, 1776 (?Geometridae) (nec Linnaeus, 1758 [suppressed name]); Kozlov, 1988: 55 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) (uncertain). geometra Bloch, 1776: 180 (Phalaena). CO? (adult: whole body)/not traced (see Dunlop and Jekel, 2008 for details), only original drawing available/origin uncertain (see Dunlop and Jekel, 2008 for details)/uncertain. PHYLLEDESTES Cockerell, 1907a: 188 (?Nymphalidae); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (uncertain); Meyer, 2003: 165 (?Noctuidae). Type species: Phylledestes vorax Cockerell, 1907. vorax Cockerell, 1907a: 188, fig. 9 (Phylledeste); Meyer, 2003: 165, fig. 198. CI (larva: whole body)/UCNH (HT: no. 4608)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. cf. TINEA auct Presl, 1822 (nec Linnaeus, 1758 [extant]). antiqua Presl, 1822: 199 (?Tinea). AM (adult: whole body)/not traced (see Dunlop and Jekel, 2008)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lute- tian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author likened this fossil to Lithosia [Erebiidae: Arctiinae] and Tinea [Tineidae], two very different moth genera. It is impossible to discern its true identity from the short original description. It is very unlikely to be related to Tinea as currently defined, given that at the time of the original description, Tinea encom- passed most microlepidopterans. GENUS incertae sedis ?Alonso et al., 2000: 171, fig. 10: 5 (Lepidoptera). AM (adult: whole body)/ANZM (1 ex: MCNA 8642)/Spain: Basque County, ?lava, Pe?acerrada (Nograro Fm.)/ early Albian, Early Cretaceous. ?Ansorge, 1996: 69, pl. 13: 6?7 (Lepidoptera). CI (adult: forewing)/MNHU (1ex: LGA 968)/Germany: Mecklenburg, Grimmen (?Gr?ne Serie?)/early Toarcian, Early Jurassic. ?Ansorge and Kohring, 1995: 83, fig. 3 (Lepidoptera). CI (pupa: whole body)/SMNH (1 ex)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Archibald, 1995: fig. 3 (Lepidoptera). CI (larva: whole body)/not stated/Canada: British Columbia, Okanagan Highlands, Horsefly River/Ypresian, Early Eocene (Archibald and Makarkin, 2006). ?Archibald, 1995: fig. 4 (Lepidoptera). CI (adult: forewing)/not stated/Canada: British Columbia, Princeton Chert (Allenby Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (Mathewes and Brooke, 1971). ?Bennike and B?cher, 1990: 337 (gen. and sp. indet.). SR (not stated)/NHMD/Denmark: Greenland, NE Peary Land (Kap K?benhavn Fm.)/Gelasian, Late Plio- cene?Early Pleistocene boundary. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 85 ?D?Abrera, 2001: 65 (moth in amber)SOHN ET AL. 86 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press AM (adult: whole body)/not stated/not stated/not stated. ?Davis, 1989: 549 (Lepidoptera). AM (not stated)/USNM/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Evers, 1907: 129 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CO (adult and larva: whole body)/PJEH (6 ex)/not stated/not stated. ?FIRGNE, 1990: 106, fig. 10.5 (Lepidoptera). SR (pupa)/not stated [?OMNH] (197 ex)/Japan: Nagano Pref., Ikejiri-gawa Hollow, Hill Site excavation site (Nojiri-ko Fm.)/Late Pleistocene. ?Mueller, 1964: 22 (lepidopteran wing scales); Frey, 1964: 70. SR (adult: wing scales)/not stated [?GBIU]/USA: Indiana, Kosciusko Co., Winona Lake and Wyland Lake; Mar- shall Co., Lawrence Lake (Last Glacial Maximum, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. ?Fujiyama, 1983a: 85 (Lepidoptera). CI (not stated)/NSMT (1 ex)/Japan: Yamakata Pref., Kamiwada (Wada Fm.)/Late Miocene. ?Fujiyama, 1983a: 85 (Lepidoptera). CI (not stated)/NSMT (1 ex)/Japan: Akita Pref., Sanzukawa/Late Miocene. ?Gelhaus and Johnson, 1996: 63 (Lepidoptera). AM (not stated)/ANSP (1 ex)/USA: New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Sayreville (New Jersey Amber, Raritan Fm.)/ Turonian, Late Cretaceous. ?Gentilini, 1991: 62 (Lepidoptera). CI (adult: wings)/not stated [?MTRE]/Italy: Marche, Monte Castellaro (?Gessoso-Solf?fera? Fm.)/early Messinian, Late Miocene. ?George, 1952: 100, fig. 56 (?microlepidoptera). CI (pupa: antennal sheath)/SJCA (1 ex: slide no. 15)/India: Maharashtra, Nagpur, near Takli village, Seminary Hills (Takli Fm.)/Maastrichtian?Danian, Late Cretaceous?Early Paleocene interval (Sahni, 1984). ?Gravenhorst, 1835: 92 (Tinea). AM (adult)/not stated (part of ca. 40 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author likened the fossil to two extant species, Chrysoteuchia culmella (= Tinea culmella: Crambi- dae) and Tinea pellionella (Tineidae). ?Gravenhorst, 1835: 92 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult?)/not stated (ca. 40 ex: [lost?])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Grimaldi and Engel, 2005: 52, fig. 2: 20 (Lepidoptera). CI and T (leaf mine)/MVVA (1 ex: VM180365)/Australia: Victoria, Alcoa Anglesea Coal Mine, S38?25? E144?11? (Eastern View Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Grimaldi and Nascimbene, 2010: 180, figs. 10d?f (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/not stated [?AMNH] (3 ex)/USA: New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Sayreville (New Jersey Amber, Raritan Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. ?Grimaldi et al., 2000: 16, 26 [in table] (Lepidoptera) [multiple species].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (various)/AMNH (17 ex)/USA: New Jersey, Middlesex Co., Sayreville (New Jersey Amber, Raritan Fm.)/ Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: Some of these fossils may be identical to ones depicted in Grimaldi and Engel (2005). ?Grimaldi et al., 2002: 11 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (not stated)/AMNH (3 ex)/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies? of an unnamed formation)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Grote, 1901: 108 (microlepidoptera); Kuznesov, 1941: 69 (incertae sedis). CO (adult: not stated)/RPMH (1 ex)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/ Late Pleistocene. ?Grote, 1901: 108; Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (incertae sedis). CO (pupa in cocoon)/RPMH (1 ex)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/ Late Pleistocene. ?Grote, 1901: 108 (Tineidae); Kusnezov, 1941: 69 (microlepidoptera). CO (adult: whole body)/RPMH (1 ex)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/ Late Pleistocene. ?Haase, 1890: 26 (?Saniden?); Handlirsch, 1908: 628. CI (not stated)/Dr. A. Assmann Collection [now ?NHUW]/not stated/not stated. ?Hand et al., 2010: 76 (?two moths?). AM (not stated)/not stated/Australia: northern Queensland, Cape York Peninsula (Cape York Amber, lignite)/stage unknown, probably Middle Miocene (Godthelp et al. 2010). ?Handschin, 1944: 8?9, figs. 10, 11, pl. 1: 8?10 (Tineidarum) [multiple species?]. SI (larva: partial body; pupa)/NHMB/France: Lot, Quercy (Phosphorites Fm.)/early Chattian, Late Oligocene (Wolsan and Lange-Berd?, 1996). ?Hayashi et al., 2002: 168 [in table 1] (Lepidoptera). SR (pupa)/LBMS (4 ex)/Japan: Kyushu, Kagoshima Pref., Yoshimatsu-cho (Mizozono Fm.)/Late Pleistocene. ?Hayashi et al., 2004: 64 [in table 1] (Lepidoptera). SR (pupa)/LBMS (1 ex)/Japan: Kyushu, Kumamoto Pref., Mashiki, Shimojin, Kanayama River (Tsumori Fm.)/ Middle Pleistocene. ?Hayashi et al., 2005: 229 [in table 1] (Lepidoptera). SR (pupa)/LBMS (1 ex)/Japan: Kyushu, Oita Pref., Kitsuki City, Beppu Bay (Hirabaru Fm.)/Middle Pleistocene. ?Hayashi et al., 2008: 91 [in table 1] (Lepidoptera). SR (pupa)/LBMS (13 ex)/Japan: Honshu, southern Hiroshima Pref., Higashi-Hiroshima City, Saijo and Kurose Basins (Saijo Fm.)/Middle Pleistocene. ?Hayashi et al., 2009: 106 [in table 1] (Lepidoptera). SR (pupa)/LBMS (6 ex)/Japan: Kyushu, Oita Pref., Kokonoe (Nogami Fm.)/Middle Pleistocene. ?Helm, 1899: 38 (microlepidoptera); Handlirsch, 1908: 928 (uncertain). AM (not stated)/originally in Conwentz Collection (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 87 ?Henriksen, 1922: 19 (Lepidoptera) [possibly one species].SOHN ET AL. 88 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CI (adult: not stated)/NHMD (4 ex)/Denmark: northern Jutland, western Limfjorden, Hanklit and Silstrup (Fur Fm.)/Thanetian, Late Paleocene?Early Eocene. ?Henrotay, 1986: 272 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI (not stated)/private collection, Michel Henrotay (7 ex)/France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Dauphin (?laminites lacustres?)/Rupelian, Early Oligocene. ?Hoffeins and Hoffeins, 2003: 385 [in table 3] (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (various)/private collection, Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins, Hamburg, Germany (23 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Hoffeins and Hoffeins, 2003: 385 [in table 3] (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (various)/private collection, Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins, Hamburg, Germany (70 ex)/Germany: Tage- bau Goitsche, Bitterfeld Coal Mine (Saxonian Amber, Cottbus Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Hope, 1836: 146 (?Tinea,? 4 spp.). CO (not stated)/Hope collection [?OUNH: not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at OUNH] (4 ex)/not stated/not stated. ?Hurd and Smith, 1957: 7 (?moths?). AM (not stated)/not stated/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Jarzembowski, 1976: 12 (?small moth?). CI (not stated)/BMNH (1 ex)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Pri- abonian, Late Eocene. Comment: This fossil could be one of the Lepidoptera later described by Jarzembowski (1980). ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 272 (species D). CI (adult: abdomen and partial wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.17392)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bem- bridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 272 (species E). CI (adult: body and partial forewing)/BMNH (1 ex: In.25251)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bem- bridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 272 (species F). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.9783)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 272, fig. 63 (species G). CI (adult: body and partial forewing)/BMNH (1 ex: In.8917)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 274 (species I). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.64541)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 274 (species J). CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.25157)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Jarzembowski, 1980: 275, fig. 65 (species L).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult: partial body and wings)/BMNH (1 ex: In.24506/64543)/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bem- bridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Joseph, 1986: 1 (Lepidoptera); Lewis, 1992: 15, 16 [multiple species]. CI (various)/TBMM or CSUM/USA: Washington State, Ferry Co., Republic (Klondike Mountain Fm.)/early Lute- tian, Middle Eocene (Pearson and Obradovich, 1977). ?Kernbach, 1967: 103, fig. 1 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI (larva: whole body)/GPUG (16 ex: 596-13 etc.)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacen- zian, Late Pliocene (Brauckmann et al. 2001). ?Kernbach, 1967: 103, 106 (Kleinschmetterlinge [= microlepidoptera]) [multiple species]. CI (adult)/GPUG (2 ex)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauck- mann et al. 2001). ?Kernbach, 1967: 103 (Gro?schmetterlinge [= macrolepidoptera]) [multiple species]. CI (adult)/GPUG (5 ex)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauck- mann et al. 2001). Comment: The author initially mentioned 10 specimens of macrolepidopteran fossils, and subsequently mentioned five specimens of Rhopalocera fossils. We assume that the latter are a part of the ten, so count only five non- Rhopaloceran fossils here. ?Klebs, 1890: 270 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (not stated)/?AMKR (ca. 1000 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: The author mentioned that this collection includes almost 1000 specimens. It is very likely that some of these fossils have been described by subsequent researchers. It is, however, impossible to differentiate the described fossils. We therefore retain the stated original number of specimens. ?Knowlton, 1917: 80, pl. 35: 5 (Lepidoptera). = ?fruiting stage parasitic body [?fungus] or insect eggs?; Hall, 1845: 166, pl. 2: 5b, 5c. CI (egg mass)/USNM [not found in an inventory by J.-C. Sohn at USNM]/USA: Wyoming, Lincoln County, Cum- berland (Frontier Fm.)/Turonian, Late Cretaceous. ?Koponen and Nuorteva, 1973: 21, 34 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. PE (various)/LFUF/Finland: Hochmoor, Piionsuo Moor (peat deposits)/Pleistocene. ?Kosmowska-Ceranowicz, 1996: 59 (?larwa motyla?). AM (larva)/LNHM (1 ex: no. 194)/Poland: Lvov, Gdansk (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Kozlov, 1988: 22, pl. 1: 1, 2 (Larva incertae sedis no. 1 and 2) [multiple species]. CI (larva)/PIRAS (2 ex: PIN 3429/326; PIN 3429/328)/Russia: Primorsky Krai, Pozharsky District, Bol?shaya, upper reaches of Burachek River, near the Svetlovodnaya River (?lake diatomites?)/?Late Oligocene (Rasnit- syn, 1986). ?Kozlov, 1988: 23, pl. 1: 3 (Lepidoptera). CI (pupa)/PIRAS (1 ex: PIN 3122/1)/Kazakhstan: Chelkarsky District, Aktyubinsky Province, ravine at 3km E to the NE of Sandal/Oligocene. ?Krassilov, 2007: 15, fig.1; Krassilov and Shuklina, 2008: 243, fig. 5 (lepidopteran leaf mines) [multiple species] CI and T (leaf mine)/IEUH (> 3 ex: IG1-1; IG1-45; IG1-139; etc.)/Israel: Negev Desert, central Negev, Makhtesh Ramon (Upper Hatira Fm.); Negev Desert, southern Negev, Arava Valley (Ora Fm.)/Albian?Turonian, Late Cretaceous. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 89 Fossil plant host: Myrtales ?Paltydebeya papilionacea Krassilov; etc.SOHN ET AL. 90 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult)/MEPA (19 ex: no. 4756; no. 5760; no. 11452; no. 14154; no. 14941; no. 15508; no. 15511; no. 15512; no. 15839; no. 17444; no. 17863; no. 18120; no. 18878; no. 19961; no. 20900; no. 20177; no. 5604 [lost]; no. 5765 [lost]; no. 15690 [lost])/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Kupryjanowicz, 2001: 62, fig. 79 (Lepidoptera). AM (larva)/MEPA (1 ex: no. 13881)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471?472, fig. 6 (lepidopteran coprolite). = Order? Fruit; Reid and Reid, 1915: 124, pl 14: 31. SI and T (coprolite)/GBNM (1 ex)/Netherlands: Limburg Prov., Reuver (Kieselo?lite Fm.)/Gelasian, Late Plio- cene?Early Pleistocene boundary (Kemna, 2008). ?Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471?472, fig. 1 (lepidopteran coprolite). = ?Aralia racemosa Fruit ; Reid and Reid, 1915: 124, pl. 14: 26. SI and T (coprolite)/GBNM (1 ex)/Netherlands: Swalmen/Late Pliocene (Gregor, 1990). ?Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471?472, figs. 13?14 (lepidopteran coprolite). = Carpolithus sp. 1; Chandler, 1926: 44, pl. 7: 11a, b. = Carpolithus sp., Fruit; Chandler, 1961: 155, pl. 30: 154?156. SI and T (coprolite)/BMNH (4 ex: V42229; V42230; V42231; one specimen destroyed)/United Kingdom: S Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Headon Beds (Headon Hill Fm.)/Oligocene. ?Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471, figs. 4?5 (lepidopteran coprolite). = Aralia sp., Fruit; Szafer, 1947: 157, pl. 7: 21?22. SI and T (coprolite)/WSIB (part of 22 ex)/Poland: Kro?cienko/Pliocene. ?Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471, figs. 7?8 (lepidopteran coprolite). = Araliaceae, Fruit; Szafer, 1954: 52, pl. 13: 21?22. SI and T (coprolite)/WSIB (1 ex)/Poland: Krakow, Mizerna, Western Carpathians/Pliocene. ?Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471, figs. 9?12 (lepidopteran coprolite). = Aralia aff. chinensis L., Fruit; Szafer, 1961: 78, pl. 21: 1?3. SI and T (coprolite)/WSIB (20 ex [in part?])/Poland: Upper Silesia, Stare Gliwice (Sarmatian deposit)/Messinian, Late Miocene (Worobiec, 2007). ?Lang et al., 1995: 162, fig. 4a, pl. 3: 5 (lepidopteran mine). CI and T (leaf mine)/BMNH (1 ex: V. 50089)/United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Brank- some Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The authors stated that the fossil mine is similar to mines made by extant Stigmella or Bedellia larvae. It is not clear, however, that they intended to link the fossils taxonomically with any extant species (see Lang et al. 1995 for the analog modern taxa). ?Larsson, 1962: 324, 326 (Lepidoptera); Larsson, 1965: 140; Larsson, 1978: 187 [multiple species]. AM (adult and larva)/NHMD (58 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Leestmans, 1983: 72, fig. 17 (Lepidoptera). CI (adult: whole body)/ENSM (lost)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: Only a photo taken by Th?obald in 1935 is known for this specimen. ?Lemdahl, 2000: 307, fig. 2, tbl. 3 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) SR (not stated)/BTVU/Switzerland: Bern, Gerzensee (Late Glacial Maximum, unconsolidated sediments)/Younger Dryas, Early Holocene. ?Lewis, 1989: 5?6 (Lepidoptera). CI (not stated)/not stated/USA: Nevada, SW Mineral County, Hawthorn, Stewart Valley Fossil Beds (Savage Can- yon Fm.)/Serravalian, Middle Miocene (Perkins et al., 1998). ?Mart?nez-Delcl?s et al., 2004: fig. 3g CO (adult: whole body)/EPGM (1 ex)/Madagascar (copal stalactite)/Holocene. ?McCobb et al., 1998: 555, fig. 3 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI (not stated)/MMAG/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Bembridge Marls (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabo- nian, Late Eocene. ?Miki, 1937: 305, Fig. 10p (caterpillar excrement); Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964: 471?472, figs. 17?19. SI and T (coprolite)/not stated/Japan: Seto Naikai, Taniyagi-Higashiei (Stegodon Beds)/Pliocene. ?Minot, 1886: 46?47 (lepidopteran larvae). CI (larva)/originally in Scudder?s possession (2 ex: no. 16383 etc.)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: This record was based on the author?s personal communication with Scudder who identified the fossil. ?Moran and Matthews, 1983: 152 [in table] (Lepidoptera, undetermined). SR (not stated)/UAME (not stated)/Canada: Northern Yukon Territory, Old Crow Basin, CRH-15 (77-51 lacustrine unit)/Middle?Late Pleistocene. ?Nel and Nel, 1985: 126, figs. 13?15 (undetermined larvae). CI (larva: whole body)/private collection, Andr? and Jacques Nel, ? La Ciotat, France (3 ex)/France: Bouches-du- Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene bound- ary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). ?Nel and Nel, 1985: 126, 128, figs. 16?17 (Lepidoptera). CI (pupa)/private collection, Andr? and Jacques Nel, ? La Ciotat, France (1 ex: no. 343)/France: Eguilles Prov., Aix/Rupelian, Early Oligocene. ?Nel and Nel, 1985: 126, 128, figs. 18?19 (Lepidoptera). CI (Pupa)/private collection, Andr? and Jacques Nel, ? La Ciotat, France (1 ex: no. 140)/France: Alpes-de-Haute- Provence, C?reste, Luberon (?Calcaires de Montfuron? or ?Calcaires de Vach?res?)/Early Oligocene. ?N?raudeau et al., 2002: 237, figs. 4?5 (Lepidoptera). AM (not stated)/MNHN/France: Charente-Maritime, Archingeay (French Amber, Subunit Als 12 in ?sandy, lig- nitic clay?)/Late Albian, Early Cretaceous. ?Nudds and Selden, 2008: 249, fig. 273 (Lepidoptera). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection with no detail (1 ex)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Pe?alver, 1997: 32, fig. 3 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI and T (feeding mark)/MCNV (5 ex: 2234a-RM; 235a-RM; 2236a-RM; 2233a-RM; 2237-RM)/Spain: Teruel Prov., Rubielos de Mora, ?Alto de la Venta? locality (?bituminous rhythmites?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 91 Fossil plant host: Myricaceae ?Myrica banksiaefolia Unger; Myrica sp.; Salicaceae ?Salix cascadensis Cocker-SOHN ET AL. 92 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ell (= tenera Andersson). ?Pe?alver and Delcl?s, 2004: 80, 82, fig. 6: 1, pl. 2: 1 (Lepidoptera). CI and T (leaf mine)/MPMV (1 ex: RIBES-81)/Spain: Castell?n Prov., near Ribesalbes, ?La Rinconada? locality (Izarra Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. Fossil plant host: ?Cannabaceae ??Celtis. ?Poinar and Poinar, 2005: 249, figs. 23?24 (lepidopteran caterpillar with tumors). AM (larva: whole body)/AIOSU (1 ex)/Mexico: Chiapas, Simojovel (Mexican Amber, Simojovel Fm.)/Chat- tian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary. ?Pongr?cz, 1928: 152 (Psychidae); Kozlov, 1988: 55 (uncertain). CI (adult: whole body)/HNHM (1 ex)/Croatia: Calicia, Radoboj (Brown Coal deposit, lignite)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). ?Procaccini, 1842: 449 (Lepidoptera); Handlirsch, 1908: 928 (uncertain). CI (adult: whole body)/not stated/Italy: Sinigaglia/Late Miocene. Comment: A short description by the original author states that the fossil has ?scaled wings,? which suggests that it is a lepidopteran. ?Prokop, 2003: 335 [in table] (Lepidoptera). CI (adult: fragmentary body and wing)/SMMG/Czech Republic: Krusne hory Piedmont Basin, Ceske stredohori Mts. (Strezov Fm.)/Rupelian, Early Oligocene. ?Raffray, 1875: 126 (microlepidoptera). CO (not stated)/not stated (1 ex)/Tanzania: Zanzibar Island (East African Copal, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. ?Rasnitsyn and Ross, 2000: 24 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/BMNH (3 ex: In.19123; In.20151; In.20172)/Myanmar: Kachin Prov., Hukawang Valley (Burmese Amber, ?channel facies?)/late Aptian, Early Cretaceous. ?Rebel, 1934b: 372 (microlepidoptera). AM (not stated)/originally in Klebs collection [?AMKR] (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lute- tian, Middle Eocene. ?Ross, 1998: 24, fig. 66 (Lepidoptera). AM (larva: shed skin)/BMNH (1 ex)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Ross, 1998: 54, fig. 129 (Lepidoptera). AM (adult: whole body)/BMNH (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Ross, 1998: 54, fig. 130 (Lepidoptera). AM (larva: whole body)/MMAG (1 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Rozefelds, 1988a: 2, figs. 2a?d (lepidopteran mines) [multiple species]. CI and T (leaf mine)/MVVA (2 ex: MV P183063; MV P183064)/Australia: Victoria, Alcoa Anglesea Coal Mine, S38?25? E144?11? (Eastern View Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Rust, 1998a: 54?57, figs. 9?10 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (3 ex: HM 14M-C2005; HM 14M-A2845; HM 14-B2673) and private collection, Bent S?e Mikkelsen, Denmark (BSM I 239)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Rust, 1998b:136, 138; 2000: 578, fig. 1 (Lepidoptera); Rust, 2000a: 530 [multiple species].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) CI (adult)/not specified (ca. 1,750 ex)/Denmark: NW Jutland, western Limfjord area, Mo-clay (Fur and Olst Fms.)/ late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Rust, 1999: 351, pl. 28: c (Lepidoptera gen. et sp. indet. 1). CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (3 ex: MM 5-B2559; I311; I521) and private collection, Mr. Erwin Rettig, Nyk?bing, Mors, Limfjord, Denmark (now ?NHMD, 1 ex: ERK FLA96 F13)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Rust, 1999: 351, pl. 28: d (Lepidoptera gen. et sp. indet. 2). CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (4 ex: MM 14M-B4034; I1877; I2838; I3542) and private collection, Mr. Erwin Rettig, Nyk?bing, Mors, Limfjord, Denmark [now ?NHMD] (2 ex: ERK SA97 K10; KL94 E32)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Rust, 1999: 351, pl. 28: e (Lepidoptera gen. et sp. indet. 3). CI (adult: whole body)/MHMM (4 ex: MM 12-C2753; 14M-A2975; 14M-C2600; 14M-3842) and private collec- tion, Mr. Erwin Rettig, Nyk?bing, Mors, Limfjord, Denmark [now ?NHMD] (1 ex: ERK SV 2A1)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Rust, 1999: 351, pl. 28: f (Lepidoptera gen. et sp. indet. 4). CI (adult: forewing)/MHMM (4 ex: MM 11-A2465; 11-C3887; 14M-C3847; I1890); private collection, Mr. Erwin Rettig, Nyk?bing, Mors, Limfjord, Denmark (now ?NHMD, 1 ex: ERK KL Y6); and GPUG (2 ex: GMUK 1954 95; 1954 543)/Denmark: Jutland, Mors Island (Fur Fm.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Rust, 1999: 351, pl. 29: a (Lepidoptera gen. et sp. indet. 5). CI (adult: whole body)/GPUG (1 ex: GMUK 1998/24)/Denmark: NW Jutland, western Limfjord area, Mo-clay (Fur and Olst Fms.)/late Thanetian, Late Paleocene. ?Sanderson and Farr, 1960: 1313 (Lepidoptera). AM (not stated)/not specified [3 institutes mentioned]/Dominican Republic: Palo Alto de la Cumbre, near Pedro Garcia, below Pico Diego de Ocampo/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Scudder, 1881: 290 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI (adult)/not stated (ca. 12 ex)/USA: Colorado, Teller County, Florissant Beds National Monument (Florissant Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. Comment: The author stated that the collection included butterflies and moths. One fossil moth was identified as Pyralidae or Tortricidae. It is possible that some of these specimens have been described by subsequent researchers, but it is impossible to establish when, where or by whom. ?Sendelius, 1742: 80?90, pl. 2: 19?34, pl. 6: 33?35 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species] AM (adult: whole body)/not stated [lost?]/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: Only the illustrations are available. From the drawings it appears that at least some of the supposed lep- idopteran inclusions are not Lepidoptera (Greven and Wichard 2010). ?de Serres, 1829: 230 (?Bombyx or ?Cossus); Swinton, 1881: 177, fig. 105 (?Bombyx). CI (adult: head and wings)/MUMF (1 ex)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). ?Skalski, 1976a: 162 (Lepidoptera). AM (pupa)/IPUS/Lebanon: Hammana, Mdeyrij (Lebanese Amber, Gr?s de Basa Fm. or lateral equivalents)/Hau- terivian?Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: This record originated from the author?s personal communication with Dr. Mickoleit. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 93 ?Skalski, 1977: 21, fig. 18, pl. 9: 1, pl. 10: 1 (inclusion 3 and 4, two species).SOHN ET AL. 94 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press AM (wings and fragmentary legs)/MEPA (2 ex: 24/6 no. 1874/15, 7 MZ/AWS; 54/8 G/20 no. 1945/4, 4 MZ/AWS)/ Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Skalski, 1979a: 90 (Lepidoptera). AM (adult)/not stated/Canada: Manitoba, Cedar Lake (Canadian amber, Foremost Fm.)/Campanian, Late Creta- ceous. Comment: This record originated from Skalski?s personal communication with A. Mutuura. ?Skalski, 1979c: 63 (Lepidoptera). AM (larva)/not stated/Russia: Siberia, E Taimyr, Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, Chatanga (Taimyr Amber, Kheta Fm.)/Coniacian, Late Cretaceous. ?Skalski, 1979c: 61 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult: scales or whole body)/not stated/Lebanon: Hammana, Mdeyrij (Lebanese Amber, Gr?s de Basa Fm. or lateral equivalents)/Hauterivian?Aptian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: This record originated from Skalski?s personal communication with R. Dehm. ?Skalski, 1990c: 164 [in table] (undetermined Lepidoptera). AM (not stated)/not stated/Romania: Carpathian Mountains (Romanian Amber)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (Stout et al. 2000). ?Smith, 1874: 88 (butterflies) [multiple species]. CI (adult: wings)/not stated/United Kingdom: England, Isle of Wight, Gurnet Bay (Bouldnor Fm.)/late Priabonian, Late Eocene. ?Sohn et al., 2011: 8 (lepidopterans). CI (adult)/CNUB/China: Inner Mongolia, Ningcheng Co., Wuhua township, near Daohugou (Jiulongshan Fm.)/ Bathonian?Callovian, Middle Jurassic. ?Sohn et al., 2011: 8 (lepidopterans). AM (adult)/various institutes/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.); Germany: Tagebau Goitsche, Bitterfeld Coal Mine (Saxonian Amber, Cottbus Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Sontag, 2003: 433 [in table 2], 437 [table 3a] (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (various)/MPUG (22 ex)/Lithuania: Klaipedos, Palanga (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Stark, 1925: 18 (lepidopteran scales); Frey, 1964: 70. SR (adult: wing scales)/not stated/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Wollmattingen, ?Heidelmoos? (Last Glacial Maximum, unconsolidated sediments)/Late Pleistocene. ?Leestmans, 1983: 72, figs. 15?16 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI (adult: whole body)/LGUL (2 ex: lost)/France: Bouches-du-Rhone, Aix-en-Provence (?laminites lacustres?)/ Chattian?Aquitanian, Late Oligocene?Early Miocene boundary (Rasnitsyn and Zherikhin, 2002). Comment: Only the photos taken by Th?obald in 1935 are extant. ?Th?obald, 1937: 132, pl. 1: 6 (Lepidoptera). CI (adult: whole body)/MVMF (1ex: C42)/France: Gard, Ales, C?las (?lignites?)/late Chattian, Late Oligocene. ?Th?obald, 1937: 387 (Lepidoptera). CI (larva)/not specified [3 institutes mentioned] (>10 ex)/France: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, C?reste (?Calcaires de Montfuron? or ?Calcaires de Vach?res? Fm.)/Rupelian, Early Oligocene (Heie and Lutz, 2002). ?Weitschat, 2009: 253, fig. 42 (Lepidoptera).CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (larva and larval case)/DBRD/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Weitschat and Wichard, 1998: 196, pl. 78: a?d (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (larva: whole body)/RMOD (>4 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Weitschat and Wichard, 1998: 196, pl. 78: e?h (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/RMOD (>4 ex)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Weitschat and Wichard, 1998: pl. 79: e (Lepidoptera). AM (larva and larval case)/RMOD/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Wilf et al., 2006: 1114, figs. 1c, 1d, 1g, 1h (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. CI and T (leaf mine)/USNM (> 4 ex: no. 498156; no. 498157; no. 498160; no. 498161 etc.)/USA: SE Montana, Powder River Basin, Mexican Hat locality/Danian, Early Paleocene. Fossil plant host: Cercidiphyllaceae ?Cercidiphyllum genetrix (Newberry) Hickey; Juglandaceae ?Juglandiphyl- lites glabra Manchester and Dilcher; Platanaceae ?Platanus raynoldsi Newberry; Trochodendraceae ?Zizy- phoides flabella (Newberry) Crane, Manchester and Dilcher. ?Winkler et al., 2010: 939 (lepidopteran mine). = Phytomyzites querci Givulescu, 1984: 128, pl. 4: 3 (dipteran mine). CI and T (leaf mine)/IGGB (1 ex: P.25800)/Romania: Maramures Co., Chiuzbaia/Messinian, Late Miocene. Fossil plant host: Fagaceae ?Quercus sp. ?Wu, 1997: 77, 191 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species]. AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, Rafael J. C. Wu, Dominica (3 ex: F-471; F-472; F-473)/Dominican Republic: Cordillera Septentrional between Santiago and Puerto Plata, La Toca group of mines (Dominican Amber, La Toca Fm.)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Zablocki, 1960: 47, fig. 2 (Lepidoptera-caused damage on pine cone); Kozlov, 1988: 24 (uncertain). SA and T (feeding damage)/GBCU/Poland: Wieliczka, Wieliczka Salt Mine (?spiza? stratified salt deposits)/ Langhian?Serravallian, Middle Miocene. Fossil plant host: Pinaceae ?Pinus kroli Zablocki. ?Zeuner, 1931: 305, pl. 10: 1a?b (zwei Raupen, spec. indet.). CI (larva: whole body)/private collection, W. Soergel, Wroc?aw, Poland (1 ex: Nr. 13/14)/Germany: Baden?W?rtt- emberg, Esslingen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Zeuner, 1931: 306?309, pl. 9: 6, 10: 2, 3, 11: 1, 2 (Raupe, spec. indet.). CI (larva: whole body)/SMNS (5 ex: Nr. 12; Nr. 16; Nr. 17; Nr. 18; Nr. 48)/Germany: Baden?W?rttemberg, Esslin- gen, Randecker Maar (?dysodile beds?)/Burdigalian, Early Miocene. ?Zherikhin and Sukacheva, 1973: 38 [in table] (Lepidoptera); Skalski, 1976a: 162, fig. 6 (Homoneura); Skalski, 1979c: 63. AM (adult: forewing)/not stated [?PIRAS] (1 ex)/Russia: Siberia, E Taimyr, Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, Chatanga (Taimyr Amber, Kheta Fm.)/Coniacian, Late Cretaceous. 3. Putative lepidopteran fossils This section consists of fossils whose lepidopteran association is uncertain or ambiguously stated by the original authors. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 95 ?Ash and Hasiotis, 1996: 4; Ash, 1997: 243?244 (damage possibly by orthopterans, coleopterans or lepidopter-SOHN ET AL. 96 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ans). CI and T (feeding marks)/not stated/USA: Arizona, Navajo Co., Petrified Forest National Park (Chinle Fm.)/late Carnian?early Norian, Late Triassic. Fossil plant host: Cynepteridaceae ?Cynepteris lasiophora Ash; Bennetitales ?Zamites sp. ?Brodie, 1873: 24 (?Lepidoptera). CI (adult: wings)/not stated [lost?]/United Kingdom: England, Dorset, Purbeck Isle, Portland (Lower Purbeck Fm.)/Tithonian, Late Jurassic (Ensom et al. 2009). ?Bromell, 1729: 529 (Insectorum ovula); Scudder, 1875b: 1 (not confirmed). CI (larva?)/not stated [lost?]/Sweden: ?saxo foetido, Westrogothia? [near present-day Gothenburg]/?late Paleozoic. ?Bromell, 1729: 528 (Papilionum majorum); Scudder, 1875b: 1 (not confirmed). CI (larva?)/not stated [lost?]/Sweden: ?saxo foetido, Westrogothia? [near present-day Gothenburg]/?late Paleozoic. ?Bromell, 1729: 531 (Papilionum minorum); Scudder, 1875b: 1 (not confirmed). CI (larva?)/not stated [lost?]/Sweden: ?saxo foetido, Westrogothia? [near now Gothenburg]/?late Paleozoic. ?Kernbach, 1967: 103 (?Schmetterlingspuppen) [multiple species]. CI (pupa)/GPUG (3 ex)/Germany: Hesse, Brandenburg, Willershausen?Harz/Piacenzian, Late Pliocene (Brauck- mann et al. 2001). ?M?ller, 1982: 13, pl. 3: 1?4, pl. 4: 4?5; Scott et al., 1992: 141 (uncertain). CI and T (leaf mine)/TUBF (1ex: FG 288/20)/Germany: Halle, Pl?tz/late Moscovian?Artinskian, Middle Pennsyl- vanian?Early Permian. Fossil plant host: Callipteridiaceae ?Autunia conferta (Sternberg) Kerp. Comment: Labandeira (1998c) stated that these structures on a common, late Paleozoic peltasperm seed-fern are neither leaf mines nor lepidopteran in origin. ?Richter and Storch, 1988: 202 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae or Diptera: Culicidae). GC (adult: cuticular fragments)/FNSF or GPUF/Germany: Hessen, Sieblos and Rh?n (Sieblos Fm.)/Rupelian, Early Oligocene. ?Rohdendorf, 1939: 86 [in table] (?Lepidoptera). CI (not stated)/PIRAS (2 ex)/Russia: near Voroshilovsk/Miocene. ?Rozefelds, 1985: 80, figs. B, C (lepidopteran or dipteran mines); Kristensen and Skalski, 1999: 16 (incertae sedis). CI and T (leaf mine)/MVVA/Australia: Victoria, Alcoa Anglesea Coal Mine, S38?25? E144?11? (Eastern View Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. Fossil plant host: Voltziaceae ?Heidiphyllum elongatum (Morris) Retallack. Comment: See Labandeira (1998c) for a discussion of these insect damage structures as nonlepidopteran in origin. ?Rozefelds, 1988a: 2, figs. 2e, 2f (lepidopteran or dipteran mines). CI and T (leaf mine)/MVVA (1 ex: NMVP183065)/Australia: Victoria, Alcoa Anglesea Coal Mine, S38?25? E144?11? (Eastern View Fm.)/Priabonian, Late Eocene. Fossil plant host: Elaeocarpaceae. ?Scudder, 1868: 627 (?Arctiidae). SI (larva)/not stated/USA: Illinois, Will, Grundy and Kane Co., Morris Beds, Mazon Creek (Carbondale Fm.)/Mos- covian, late Middle Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous. ?Sendelius, 1742: 169?171, pl. 5: 26?28, pl. 6: 1?4 (Lepidoptera) [multiple species].CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) AM (larva and pupa)/not stated (lost)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. Comment: Only the illustrations are available. To judge from the drawings, there could be some non-lepidopterans included in this collection. ?Skalski, 1974: 103, fig. 11 (Lepidoptera or Trichoptera). AM (adult: whole body)/private collection, Oehlke Eberswalde, Germany (1 ex: LEP.SUCC.12 AWS)/Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene. ?Stephenson, 1991: 116 (Feeding Type KFa). = Phagophytichnus marginis-folii Straus, 1977: 66 [part]. CI and T (feeding damage)/MNPC (1 ex: F1856); GBIU (1 ex: IU15706-7254); FMNH (6 ex: UP256; PP6203b; PP9404; PP10533; PP11519; PP11525)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities (Dakota Fm.); Tennessee, Carroll Co., Vale, Cooper Pit (Ripley Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous; early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: The author did not attempt to directly link these trace fossils to extant lineages, but pointed out similari- ties. In his thesis (Stephenson, 1991), feeding marks by the extant Lymantria (Erebidae: Lymantriinae) and Phryganidia (Notodontidae) were noted as possible analogs to the fossils. ?Stephenson, 1991: 117 (Feeding Type KFb). = Phagophytichnus marginis-folii Straus, 1977: 66 [part]. CI and T (feeding damage)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15706-7539); FMNH (1 ex: PP6563)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities (Dakota Fm.); Tennessee, Carroll Co., Vale, Cooper Pit (Ripley Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous; early Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous. Comment: The author did not attempt to directly link these trace fossils with extant lineages, but pointed out simi- larities. In his paper, various Lepidoptera were mentioned as producing analogous feeding damage. ?Stephenson, 1991: 117 (Feeding Type KFc). = Phagophytichnus marginis-folii Straus, 1977: 66 [part]. CI and T (feeding damage)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15706-7540)/USA: Kansas and Nebraska, Braun Ranch, Hoisington and other localities (Dakota Fm.)/late Albian, Early Cretaceous. Comment: The author did not attempt to directly link these trace fossils with extant lineages, but pointed out simi- larities. He suggested that recent analogs to these trace fossils could be found in either Lepidoptera or Hymenoptera. ?Stephenson, 1991: 127 (Feeding Type TF2a). = Phagophytichnus marginis-folii Straus, 1977: 66 [part]. CI and T (feeding damage)/GBIU (1 ex: IU15820-5931); FMNH (6 ex: PP5389; PP5512; PP5853; PP8060; PP8066; PP12107); BMNH (7 ex: v46705; v47524a; v24286; v48690a; v49503; v49728; v50059)/USA: Ten- nessee, Henry Co., Puryear, Puryear Clay Pit (Claiborne Fm.) and United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The author did not attempt to directly link these trace fossils with extant lineages, but pointed out simi- larities. He suggested that feeding marks by the extant Urodus parvula (Urodidae) are a possible analog to the trace fossils. ?Stephenson, 1991: 128 (Feeding Type TF3). = Phagophytichnus marginis-folii Straus, 1977: 66 [part]. CI and T (feeding damage)/FMNH (8 ex: PP4882; PP5309; PP5634; PP5762; PP5994; PP9075; PP10261; PP10270); BMNH (7 ex: v48434; v49080; v49752; v50112; v50152; v50220; v50937)/USA: Tennessee, Henry Co., Puryear, Puryear Clay Pit (Claiborne Fm.) and United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The author did not attempt to directly link these trace fossils with extant lineages, but pointed out simi- Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 97 larities. He suggested that damage by the extant Nymphalis antiopa (Nymphalidae) is a possible analog to the SOHN ET AL. 98 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press trace fossils. ?Stephenson, 1991: 135 (Feeding Type TF10a). = Phagophytichnus marginis-folii Straus, 1977: 66 [part]. CI and T (feeding damage)/FMNH (1 ex: PP7745); BMNH (4 ex: v48215; v48404; v49925; v50020)/USA: Ten- nessee, Henry Co., Puryear, Puryear Clay Pit (Claiborne Fm.) and United Kingdom: Hampshire, East Dorset, Bournemouth (Branksome Sand Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene (McElwaine, 1998). Comment: The author did not attempt to directly link these trace fossils with extant lineages, but pointed out simi- larities. He suggested feeding marks by the extant Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Psychidae) as a possible analog to the trace fossils. ?Weyland et al., 1960: 496 (probable eggs of insects, including Lepidoptera). SR (egg)/FNSF/Germany: Upper Palatinate [= Oberpfalz]; Lower Rhine Bay, Embayment/Late Oligocene. ?Wilf et al., 2005: 8944 (lepidopteran or coleopteran mines). CI and T (leaf mine)/MPEF/Argentina: Chubut, Laguna del Hunco (Tufolitas Laguna de Hunco)/Ypresian, Early Eocene (Genise and Petrulevicius, 2001). Fossil plant host: Araucariaceae ??Zamia? tertiaria Berry. Comment: The plant host is a species of Agathis, rather than a cycad. The mine type resembles Paraectopa (Gracil- lariidae) or Chrysorthenches (Plutellidae) that occur on modern host species of Agathis (Wilf et al. 2005). ?Woodward, 1876: 64 (?Lepidoptera: Tinea sp.). CI (not stated)/not stated/Coal Measures [possibly European part]/Late Carboniferous. Comment: Woodward (1876) attributed the authorship of this record to ?Fabricius.? The original source cannot be found. Given the age of the fossil bed, it is very unlikely that the specimen actually represents a lepidopteran. ?Zherikhin and Sukacheva, 1973: 38 [in table] (?Lepidoptera). AM (larva and pupa)/not stated [?PIRAS] (2 ex)/Russia: Siberia, E Taimyr, Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, Chatanga (Taimyr Amber, Kheta Fm.)/Coniacian, Late Cretaceous. 4. Fossils excluded from Lepidoptera 1) Name-bearing fossils Archipsyche Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 624 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Carpenter (1932: 121) [Hemiptera: Palaeon- tinidae]. Beloptesis Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 625 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Hamilton (1992: 427) [Hemiptera: Palaeon- tinidae], a junior synonym of Prolystra Oppenheim, 1888. Cyllonium Westwood, 1854: 395?396 (Lepidoptera); Handlirsch 1906 [1907]: 627, pl. 50: 14 (Lepidoptera incer- tae sedis), excluded by Scudder (1875b: 89) [Hemiptera]. benkerti Kuhn, 1951: 61, figs. 1?2 (Geisfeldiella), see Geisfeldiella. boisduvalianum Westwood, 1854: 395, pl. 17: 17 (Cyllonium), see Cyllonium. braueri Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 623?624, pl. 49: 17?18 (Protopsyche), a junior synonym of Prolystra lithograph- ica Oppenheim, 1888, see Protopsyche. compressa Oppenheim, 1885: 345, pl. 3: 11 (Fabellovena); Handlirsch, 1906: 576 (Pseudosirex); Maa, 1949: 17 (Myrmicium), see Fabellovena. Curvicubitidae Hong, 1984: 782 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Whalley (1986: 267) [Neuroptera]; Kozlov (1988: 57) CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) [Hemiptera]. Curvicubitus Hong, 1984: 782 (Lepidoptera: Curvicubitidae), excluded by Whalley (1986) [Neuroptera]; Kozlov (1988) [Hemiptera]. damesi Oppenheim, 1885: 333, pl. 1: 3 (Phragmoecites), see Phragmoecites. eichstaettensis Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 624, pl. 50:1?2 (Archipsyche), see Archipsyche. elegans Oppenheim, 1885: 345, pl. 3: 14 (Fabellovena); Handlirsch, 1906: 576 (Pseudosirex); Maa, 1949: 17 (Myrmicium), see Fabellovena. Eocicada Oppenheim, 1888: 229 (Hemiptera); Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 626?7, pl. 50: 7?9 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Tillyard (1921: 282; 1933: 71) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Eoses Tindale, 1945: 39 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Riek (1955: 660); Willmann (1984: 232) [Mecoptera], a junior synonym of Mesochorista Tillyard, 1916. Eosetidae Tindale, 1945: 39 (Lepidoptera); Bourgogne, 1951: 365 (pathologic specimen), excluded by Willmann (1984: 232) [Mecoptera], a junior synonym of Permochoristidae Tillyard, 1917. Fabellovena Oppenheim, 1885: 344 (Lepidoptera: Fabellovenae), excluded by Maa (1949: 17) [Hymenoptera: Myrmiciidae], a junior synonym of Myrmicium Westwood, 1854. Fabellovenae Oppenheim, 1885: 344 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Maa (1949: 17) [Hymenoptera: Myrmiciidae]. Geisfeldiella Kuhn, 1951: 61 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Kluge (2004: 360) [Pterygota incertae sedis, possibly Odonata]. gigantea Weyenbergh, 1874: 101, pl. 3:4 (Cicada); Handlirsch, 1908 [1907]: 626, pl. 50:6 (Lepidoptera: Belopte- sis? gigantea), excluded by Haase (1890: 20); Frickhinger (1994: 152) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae], a senior synonym of Prolystra lithographica Oppenheim, 1888. gracilis Oppenheim, 1885: 344, pl. 2: 10 (Rhipidorhabdus); Handlirsch, 1906: 576 (Pseudosirex); Maa, 1949: 17 (Myrmicium), see Rhipidorhabdus. hewitsonianum Westwood, 1854: 396, pl. 18: 27 (Cyllonium), see Cyllonium. incertus Daudet, 1876: 415, pl. 17: 1?4 (Satyrites), excluded by Nel and Nel (1985: 129) [plant material]. jurassicus Oppenheim, 1885: 333, pl. 10: 4, 6 (Palaeocossus), see Palaeocossus. karschi Oppenheim, 1885: 344, pl. 3: 13 (Fabellovena); Handlirsch, 1906: 576 (Pseudosirex); Maa, 1949: 17 (Myr- micium), see Fabellovena. lameerei Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 627, pl. 50:10?12 (Eocicada), a junior synonym of Eocicada microcephala Oppenheim, 1888, see Eocicada. Limacodites Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 622 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae); van Schepdael, 1974: 4?5 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), excluded by Carpenter (1932: 120); Hamiltion (1992: 427) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae], a junior synonym of Archipsyche Handlirsch, 1906. Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 99 lithographica Oppenheim, 1888: 228?229, pl. 31: 1 (Prolystra), see Prolystra.SOHN ET AL. 100 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press lithophilus Germar, 1842: 88 (Tineites), excluded by Haase (1890: 2); Demoulin (1955: 4) [Ephemeroptera]. macroceraticus Oppenheim, 1885: 347, pl. 12: 15 (Ocnerites), see Ocnerites. magna Riek, 1976: 817, fig. 17, pl. 3: 4 (Mesoses), see Mesoses. Mesoses Riek, 1976: 816 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Schl?ter (1997: 309?310) [nonlepidopteran Paratrichoptera]. Mesosetidae Riek, 1976: 816 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Schl?ter (1997: 309?310) [nonlepidopteran Paratrichoptera]. mesozonicus Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 622?623, pl. 49: 12?15 (Limacodites), a junior synonym of Archipsyche eichstaettensis Handlirsch, 1906, see Limacodites. microcephala Oppenheim, 1888: 229, pl. 31: 30 (Eocicada), see Eocicada. minimus Oppenheim, 1885: 344, pl. 2: 9 (Rhipidorhabdus); Handlirsch, 1906: 576 (Pseudosirex); Maa, 1949: 17 (Myrmicium), see Rhipidorhabdus. Ocnerites Oppenheim, 1885: 347 (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), excluded by Haase (1890: 25) [Trichoptera]. oolitica Butler,1873: 126, pl. 48: 1?2 (Palaeontina), see Palaeontina. oppenheimi Handlirsch, 1908 [1907]: 625?626, pl. 50:3?5 (Beloptesis), a junior synonym of Prolystra lithograph- ica Oppenheim, 1888, see Beloptesis. optata Riek, 1976: 816, fig. 16, pl. 3: 3 (Mesoses), see Mesoses. Pachypsyche Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 623 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Meunier (1902: 10); Hamilton (1992: 427) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Palaeocossus Oppenheim, 1885: 333 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae); Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 622, pl. 49: 10?11 (Lepi- doptera: Palaeonitidae), excluded by Cockerell (1924: 135) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Palaeontina Butler, 1873: 126 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae); Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 620, pl. 49: 1?7 (Lepi- doptera: Palaeontinidae), excluded by Scudder (1875b: 89?95); Tillyard (1921: 281?282) [Hemiptera: Palae- ontinidae]. Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 618 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Scudder (1875b: 89?95); Tillyard (1921: 281?282) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Paratrichoptera Tillyard, 1919: 199 (Order nov.); Riek, 1976: 814 (Lepidoptera); excluded by Schl?ter (1997: 307?310) [polyphyletic mecopteroid stock]. Phragmoecites Oppenheim, 1885: 333 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae); Handlirsch, 1908 [1907]: 621, pl. 49: 8?9 (Lepidoptera: Palaeonitidae), excluded by Haase (1890: 15?16); Cockerell (1924: 135) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Prolystra Oppenheim, 1888: 228 (Hemiptera); Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 624?625, pl. 49: 20?23 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Haase (1890: 18?19); van Schepdael (1974: 4); Hamilton (1992: 427) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Protopsyche Handlirsch, 1906 [1907]: 623 (Lepidoptera), excluded by van Schepdael (1974: 4); Hamilton (1992: CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) 427) [Hemiptera: Palaeontinidae]. Rhipidorhabdi Oppenheim, 1885: 344 (Lepidoptera), excluded by Haase (1890: 27); Maa (1949: 17) [Hymenoptera: Myrmiciidae]. Rhipidorhabdus Oppenheim, 1885: 344 (Lepidoptera: Rhipidorhabdi), excluded by Haase (1890: 27); Maa (1949: 17) [Hymenoptera: Myrmiciidae], a junior synonym of Myrmicium Westwood, 1854. schroeteri Germar, 1839: 193 (Sphinx); Hagen, 1862: 109 (Belostoma); Weyenbergh, 1869: 250, 272 (?Hagenia); Oppenheim, 1885: 344, pl. 2: 7 (Rhipidorhabdus); Deichm?ller, 1886: 82 (Pseudosirex); Maa, 1949: 17 (Myr- micium), excluded by Deichm?ller (1886: 82); Maa (1949: 17) [Hymenoptera: Myrmiciidae]. snelleni Weyenbergh, 1869: 261, pl. 34: 9 (Sphinx); Handlirsch, 1906: 575 (Pseudosirex), a junior synonym of Sphinx schroeteri Germar, 1839, see schroeteri. triassica Tindale, 1945: 39, pl. 5 (Eoses); Riek, 1955: 660 (= Mesochorista proavita), see Eoses. triassicus Hong, 1984: 783, fig. 1, pl. 1: 1 (Curvicubitus), see Curvicubitus. vidali Meunier, 1902: 9, pl. 4: 3?5 (Palaeontina); Handlirsch, 1908 [1907]: 623?624, pl. 49: 19 (Pachypsyche), see Pachypsyche. 2) Unnamed fossils ?Anderson and Anderson, 1995: 36, tbl. 2; Anderson and Anderson, 1999: 77 [in table], fig. 26 (?Lepidoptera), see Mesoses. Comment: For Lepidoptera, the authors originally counted 8 individuals belonging to 2 assemblages which exist in their collection (BWUP). Anderson and Anderson (1999) presented a drawing of one exemplar specimen which is obviously the same specimen as Mesoses magna described by Riek (1976). Likewise, three speci- mens described by Schl?ter (1997) are possibly a part of Anderson and Anderson?s collection. Considering the possibility for overlap, we reduce the original count to 4 specimens. It is likely that these four specimens belong to Mesoses as well. ?Barthel and Hetzer, 1982: 333 (Micropterigidae), excluded by Kozlov (1988: 57) [Trichoptera]. ?Beringer and H?bner, 1726: 94 (Papilionum spp.); Scudder, 1875b: 1 (incertae sedis), excluded here [a fossil forgery (see Jahn and Wolff, 1963)]. ?Bronn, 1837: 210, 481 (Sphynx [sic]), see schroeteri Germar, 1839. ?Brodie, 1845: xvii, pl. 1: 11 (caterpillar?), excluded here [unknown animal class]. ?Gu?rin-M?nevilles, 1838: 170, excluded by Skalski (1977: 5) [Diptera: multiple species]. Comment: As Skalski (1977) indicated, the original author mistakenly listed the dipteran fossils under ?Lepi- doptera.? ?Meyer, 2003: 162, fig. 193 (Lepidoptera or Trichoptera), excluded here [Trichoptera]. ?Nel and Nel, 1985: 126, figs. 11, 12 (Sphingidae), excluded here [plant material]. Comment: Dr. Andr? Nel carefully reexamined the specimen and some additional materials and found that these are actually flower petals of Nymphaea (pers. comm.). Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 101 ?Schlotheim, 1820: 42 (Sphinx), see schroeteri Germar, 1839.SOHN ET AL. 102 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ?Schr?ter, 1784: 411, pl. 3: 16 (Sphinx), see schroeteri Germar, 1839. ?Schl?ter, 1997: 310, fig. 5a (Mesosetidae), see Mesoses. ?Scudder, 1867: 117 (?Limacodidae sp.), excluded by Scudder (1877: 741) [Diptera]. ?Whalley, 1986: 269, fig. 17 (Amphiesmenoptera), excluded here [pre-lepidopteran Amphiesmenoptera]. Comment: Whalley stated that this fossil could be an ancestor of Antliophora and Amphiesmenoptera. However, the wing venation shows that it is related to the neuropteroid orders. Acknowledgments We would like to express our cordial appreciation to two anonymous reviewers for critically editing our manuscript and providing valuable information that we had missed. We are very grateful to our colleagues in the Lepidoptera Assembling the Tree of Life project (LepTree) for much useful advice. We especially thank Joaquin Baixeras (Uni- versity of Valencia, Spain), John Brown (United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA), Axel Hausmann (Zoological State Collection, Munich, Germany), Masakazu Hayashi (Hoshizaki Green Foundation, Shimane, Japan), Akito Kawahara (University of Florida, USA), David Lees (Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom), David Smith (retired, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington DC, USA), Torsten Wappler (Steinmann Institut f?r Geologie, Universit?t Bonn, Germany) and Andreas Zwick (Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Germany) for assistance in locating fossil specimens and references, and for com- ments on fossil taxonomy. We are also indebted to many museum curators, including Martin Gross (Universalmu- seum Joanneum, Vienna, Austria), Mathias Harzhauser (Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria), James Hogan (Oxford University Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom), Paul Jeffery (Oxford University Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom), Michael Krings (Bayerische Staatssammlung f?r Pal?ontologie, Munich, Ger- many), Andreas Kroh (Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria), Christian Neumann (Museum f?r Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany), Martin Nose (Bayerische Staatssammlung f?r Pal?ontologie, Munich, Germany), Claire Mellish (Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom), Philip D. Perkins (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har- vard University, USA), Naomi Pierce (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, USA), Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn (Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia), and Irene Zorn (Geological Survey of Austria, Vienna, Austria). We thank Kim Mitter (University of Maryland, College Park, USA) for trans- lating Russian literature, Cynthia Parr (United States Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA) and Dana Campbell (University of Maryland, College Park, USA) for managing the online content of our fossil project, and April J. Dinwiddie (Yale University, New Haven, USA) for assistance in assembling raw data. Financial support was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation?s Assembling the Tree of Life program, award number 0531769. This is contribution 244 of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems consortium of the National Museum of Natural History, in Washington, D.C. References Alonso, J., Arillo, A., Barr?n, B., Corral, J.C., Grimalt, J., L?pez, J.F., L?pez, R., Mart?nez-Decl?s, X., Otu?o, V., Pe?alver, E. & Trinc?o, P.R. (2000) A new fossil resin with biological inclusions in Lower Cretaceous deposits from ?lava (northern Spain, Basque-Cantabrian Basin). Journal of Paleontology, 74(1), 158?178. 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Taxon indexCATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) abditus (Pamphilites) 62 ACALYPTRIS 21 aceriella [cf.] (Cameraria) [fossil] 41 ACROCERCOPS [cf.] 39 ACROLOPHINAE 30 ACROLOPHUS 30 acutipenellus (Plutellites) 44 acutitarsellus (Adelites) 27 ADELA 27 ADELIDAE 27, 28 ADELITES 27, 28 ADELOIDEA 27 ADELOPSYCHE 36 aftimacrai (Parasabatinca) 16 AGLAIS 67 AGLIA 74 AGLIINAE 40 alchimiella [cf.] (Caloptilia) [fossil] 40 alexae (Dynamine) 64 alienellus (Incurvarites) 29 almeidae (Stigmella) 22 amerindica (Vanessa) 69 Androgynus [sic] 62 ANDRONYMUS 62 angelica (Micropterix) 16 ANGERONA auct 78 angustipenna (Mesokristensenia) 13 angustipennellus (Oecophorinites) 52 antipoda [cf.] (Oxycanus) [fossil] 20 antiqua (Lithopsyche) 63, 64 antiqua (Tinea) 85 ANTISPILA [cf.] 27 ANYBIA [cf.] 50 APANTHESIS 67 APODITRYSIA 46 AQUISEXTANA 63 araliae (Stigmellites) 24 ARCHAEOLEPIIDAE 13 ARCHAEOLEPIS 13 ARCHAEOLYCOREA 64, 65 Archipsyche 98, 99, 100 ARCHIPTILIA 11 ARCHITINEA 33, 34 ARCTIA [cf.] 80 ARCTIINAE 79 ARCTIINI 80 ARCTIITES 80 ARGYRESTHIIDAE 43 ARGYRESTHITES 43 atavus (Nymphalites) 68 atovina (?Vanessa) 68 ATTACINI 74 ATTACUS [cf.] 74 attavina (Vanessa) 68 attavus [sic] (Sphinx) 68 AULIEPTERIX 17, 18 aurea (Palaeolepidopterix) 14, 15 aurella (Tineolamima) 31 AUTOSTICHIDAE 46 bachofeni (Borkhausenites) 51 balticella (Architinea) 33, 34 balticellus (Argyresthites) 43 balticellus (Scythropites) 44 balticus (Stigmellites) 24 BALTIMARTYRIA 15 Baltodines 49 Baltonides [sic] 49 BALTOPSYCHE 37 Barbarothea 65 baudiliensis (Problongos) 78 BELENOIS 71 Beloptesis 98, 99, 100 benkerti (Geisfeldiella) 98 beynesii [sic] (Latyrites [sic]) 65 BIBLIDINAE 64 BLASTOBASIIDAE 47, 48 blastuliferellus (Depressarites) 48 boisduvalianum (Cyllonium) 98 BOMBYCIDAE 76, 81 BOMBYCITES 76 BOMBYCOIDEA 74 borisjaki (Oegoconiites) 46 BORKHAUSENITES 51 bosniackii (Luehdorfitis) 70 bosniaskii (Doritites) 70 braueri (Protopsyche) 98 BUCCULATRICIDAE 38 BUCCULATRIX 38 buechii (Bombycites) 76 BUNAEINI 74 caldasae (Parasabatinca) 17 calipsa (Psamateia) 14 CALOPTILIA [cf.] 40 Calospilites 63 CAMERARIA [cf.] 41 candiope (Charaxes) [fossil] 67 cariensis (Undopterix) 15 carpenteri (Dysmasiites) 33 carpiniorientalis (Stigmellites) 24 CARPOSINOIDEA 60 castinoides (Dominickus) 56 CASTNIIDAE 56 CATOCALINAE 81 caucasicus (Noctuites) 82 CEMIOSTOMINAE 45 centennis (Stigmellites) 24 CERATOPHAGA [cf.] 33 CERURITES 81 CHARAXES 67 CHARIDEA auct 79 charon (Jupitellia) 68 CHIONAEMOPSIS 84 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 117 SOHN ET AL. 118 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press CHLIDANOTINAE 56 Choropleca [cf.] 30 CHRYSAUGINAE 60 CHRYSOPELEIINAE 47 cigana (Philodarchia) 81 CIRINA [cf.] 74 cockerelli (Prolyonetia) 45 COLEOPHORA [cf.] 47 COLEOPHORIDAE 47 COLEOPHORINAE 47 COLIATES 71 colorado (Praepapilio) 71 compressa (Fabellovena) 98 comstocki (Protohepialus) 20 controversus (Zygaenites) 55 COPROMORPHA 60 COPROMORPHIDAE 60 corbieri (?Lethe) 65 COSMOPTERIGIDAE 47 COSSIDAE 55 COSSOIDEA 55 costale (Paratrichopteridium) 12 coulleti (Pseudoneorina) 66 crassellus (Oecophorinites) 52 crataegi fossilis (Aporia) 72 crawshayi (Belenois) [fossil] 71 crenatus (Phalaenites) 78 crystalli (Tineitella) 34 cuprealata (Protolepis) 18 cuprella (?Anybia) 50 Curvicubitidae 99 Curvicubitus 99 Cyllonium 98, 99 DAHLICA 36 DAIOPTERIX 14 damesi (Phragmoecites) 99 DANAINAE 64 decurtatus (Tineosemopsis) 33 deletus (Arctiites) 80 deperditus (Noctuites) 82 DEPRESSARIINAE 48 Depressariites [sic] 48 DEPRESSARITES 48 destructus (Tortricites) 58 diakonoffi (Tortricibaltia) 57 diakonoffi (Tortricibaltia) 57 DITRYSIA 30, 39 DOMINICKUS 56 DORITITES 70 Dorititis [sic] 70 DOXOCOPA 67 dramba (Voltinia) 62 DRYADAULA [cf.] 30 DRYADAULINAE 30 dryellina (Petisca) 60 durranti (Gurnetia) 56 DYNAMINE 64 DYSMASIITES 33 ECTOEDEMIA 21, 22 effossus [sic] (Noctuites) 82 effosus (Noctuites) 82 efossum (Paratrichopteridium) 12 eichstaettensis (Archipsyche) 99, 100 ELACHISTIDAE 48 ELACHISTINAE 48 ELACHISTITES 48 electreellus (Adelites) 28 electrella [sic] (Adelites) 28 ELECTRESIA 57 electrica [sic] (Angerona) 78 electrina (Angerona) 78 Electrocrania 16 ELECTROMEESIA 31 elegans (Fabellovena) 99 eocaenica (Tillyardinea) 33 Eocicada 99, 100 EOLEPIDOPTERIGIDAE 13, 14 EOLEPIDOPTERIGINA 14 EOLEPIDOPTERIGOIDEA 14 EOLEPIDOPTERIX 14 Eoses 99, 101 Eosetidae 99 EPIBORKHAUSENITES 51 EPICHNOPTERIGINAE 36 EPIDIDONTUS 11 EPINOMEUTA 44 EREBIDAE 79 ERIOCRANIELLA [cf.] 19 ERIOCRANIIDAE 19 ERIOCRANIOIDEA 19 ERIOCRANITES 19 ETHMIA [cf.] 50 ETHMIINAE 49 ETIMONOTRYSIA 30 EUDARCIA 32 EULEPIDOPTERA 27 EUPROCTIS [cf.] 81 EUROIS 79 EVIPPE [cf.] 50 EXOPORIA 20 Fabellovena 98, 99 Fabellovenae 99 ferreirai (Archaeolycorea) 64 florissantanus (Tortricites) 58 florissantensis (Oligodonta) 71 florissanti (Libytheana) 65 forda [cf.] (Cirina) [fossil] 74 fossilis (?Attacus) 74 fossilis (Stigmellites) 24 fossilis (Copromorpha) 60 fossilis (Pyrameis) 69 freyeri (Pontia) 72 frustrans (Adelopsyche) 36 fuscomaculatus [cf.] (Oxycanus) [fossil] 20 gabbroensis (Lycaenites) 64 GALLERITES 61 incolumnellus (Oecophorinites) 52CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) garciae (Neorinella) 66 geinitzianus (Epididontus) 11 Geisfeldiella 98, 99 GELECHIIDAE 50, 51 GELECHIOIDEA 46, 53, 54 geometra (Phalaena) 85 GEOMETRIDAE 76, 77, 78, 85 GEOMETRIDITES 76 GEOMETROIDEA 76 gerasimovi (Glessoscardia) 32 gersdorfi (Noctuites) 82 gertraudae (Micropterix) 16 gigantea (Cicada) 99 gigas (Prophalonia) 28 GLENDOTRICHA 60 GLESSEUMEYRICKIA 51 GLESSOSCARDIA 32 GLOSSATA 18, 19 gossi (Stigmellites) 24 gracile (Nannotrichopteron) 11 GRACILEPTERYX 14 gracilis (Praepapilio) 71 gracilis (Rhipidorhabdus) 99 GRACILLARIIDAE 39, 42 GRACILLARIINAE 39 GRACILLARIITES 40 GRACILLARIOIDEA 38 GURNETIA 56 haidingeri (Noctuites) 81, 82 hannemanni (Palaeodepressaria) 48 HELIODINIDAE 45, 49 HELIOZELIDAE 27 henrikseni (Glesseumeyrickia) 51 HEPIALIDAE 20 HEPIALOIDEA 20 hercynicus (Eriocranites) 19 heringi (Stigmellites) 24 HESPERIIDAE 61, 62 HESTINA 67 HETERONEURA 21 hewitsonianum (Cyllonium) 99 HEXERITES 49 HIEROXESTINAE 31 HOFMANNOPHILA [cf.] 51 Hophmannophila [sic] 51 horatis (Polyvena) 56, 57 HYDRIOMENA [cf.] 77 HYPERYTHRA 77 ignitella (Monopibaltia) 33 immensipalpa (Micropterix) 16 implicatellus (Oecophorinites) 52 incertellus (Neoborkhausenites) 51 incertissimus (Noctuites) 82 incertus (Satyrites) 99 incertus (Prohepialus) 21 incertus (Protohepialus) 20 inclusa (Tortricidrosis) 57 inclusus (Elachistites) 48 INCURVARIA 28, 29, 45 INCURVARIIDAE 28, 29 INCURVARIINA 27 Incurvariites [sic] 29 INCURVARITES 29 ingentellus (Oecophorinites) 52 innominatus (Oecophorites) 52 insignis (?Ypsolophus?) 54 intermedia (Simulotenia) 31 inversellus (Plutellites) 44 irenaei (Aquisextana) 63 jantharica (Schiffermuelleria) 52 japonica (Hestina) [fossil] 67 Johanssonia 22 JOHANSSONIELLA 22 jordani (Geometridites) 76 JUNONIA 68 JUPITELLIA 68 Jupiteria 68 jurassica (Eolepidopterix) 14 jurassicus (Parataulius) 12 jurassicus (Palaeocossus) 99 juvenalis (Thanatites) 62 kalbei (Moleropterix) 16 karaganica (Aglais) 67 KARATAUNIA 13 karschi (Fabellovena) 99 kaspievi (Noctuites) 82 keleri (Gallerites) 61 KLEOPATHRA 55 kozhantshikovi (Noctuites) 82 kusnezovi (Noctuites) 82 kuznetzovi (Adela) 27 kuznetzovi (Microsymmocites) 46 kzyldzharicus (Stigmellites) 25 lameerei (Eocicada) 99 lapidaria (Karataunia) 13 larentiiformis (Geometridites) 77 latipenna (Mesokristensenia) 13 Latyrites [sic] 65 Lepidopterites 59 LETHE [cf.] 65 Lethites 65 LETHITES 65 leuce (Apanthesis) 67 levipalpellus (Depressarites) 48 LIBYTHEANA 65 LIBYTHEINAE 65 libytheoides (Stolopsyche) 72 LIMACODIDAE 54 Limacodites 99, 100 LIMENITIS 68 liquidambarisella [cf.] (Phyllocnistis) [fossil] 39 liriodendronella [cf.] (Phyllocnistis) [fossil] 39 LITHOCOLLETINAE 41 LITHODRYAS 68 lithographica (Prolystra) 98, 99, 100 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 119 lithophilus (Tineites) 100 MOLEROPTERIX 16SOHN ET AL. 120 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press LITHOPSYCHE 63, 64 Lithopsyche 68 lithuanicus (Gracillariites) 40 longus (Metarchitaulius) 11 LOPHOCORONIDAE 19, 20 LOPHOCORONOIDEA 19 LUEHDORFIINI 70 Luehdorfitis 70 lutea (Hyperythra) [fossil] 77 LYCAENIDAE 63 LYCAENINAE 63 LYCAENITES 64 LYMANTRIINAE 80, 81 LYONETIA 45 LYONETIIDAE 45 maackii [cf.] (Papilio) [fossil] 71 macroceraticus (Ocnerites) 100 MACROHETEROCERA 74 maestingella (Phyllonorycter) [fossil] 41 magna (Mesoses) 100, 101 mane (Archaeolepis) 13 MARTYNEA 32 martynovi (Oligamatites) 79 martynovi (Proscardiites) 32 maximus (Noctuites) 82 MEESSIINAE 31 MERRIFIELDIA 59 MESOKRISTENSENIA 13 MESOKRISTENSENIIDAE 13 MESOSEMIINI 62 MESOSES 100, 101, 102 MESOSETIDAE 100, 102 mesozonicus (Limacodites) 100 messelensis (Stigmellites) 25 METARCHITAULIUS 11 metis (Charidea) 79 meyricki (Scardiites) 32 microcephala (Eocicada) 99, 100 MICROPERITTIA 49 MICROPTERIGIDAE 15, 17, 18 MICROPTERIGOIDEA 15 MICROPTERIX 16 Micropteryx [sic] 15 MICROSYMMOCITES 46 Microsymmocytes [sic] 46 minima (Praemendesia) 49 minima (Auliepterix) 18 minimus (Rhipidorhabdus) 100 minorellus (Plutellites) 44 miocaenica (Zygaena) 55 miocenicus (Noctuites) 82 MIOCLANIS 74, 75 MIOPIERIS 72, 73 mirabilis (Auliepterix) 18 mixtus (Gracillariites) 40 MNESARCHAEIDAE 20 MNESARCHAEOIDEA 20 MOMPHIDAE 50 MONOPIBALTIA 33 mordvilkoi (Palaeoscardiites) 32 mortuella (Ethmia) 50 MYLOTHRITES 66 MYRMECOZELINAE 32 nana (Xena) 15 nanella [cf.] (Recurvaria) [fossil] 50 NANNOTRICHOPTERON 11 NARYCIINAE 36 neander (Andronymus) [fossil] 62 NECROTAULIIDAE 11 NECROTAULIUS auct 11, 12 nekrutenkoi (Stauropolia) 80 nemogypsia (Kleopathra) 55 NEOBORKHAUSENITES 51 NEORINELLA 66 NEORINOPIS 66 Neorinopsis [sic] 66 NEPTICULIDAE 21, 26, 27 NEPTICULOIDEA 21 NETOXENA 15 NEUROSYMPLOCA [cf.] 54 noctodiva (Kleopathra) 55 NOCTUIDAE 78, 82, 84 NOCTUITES 81 NOCTUOIDEA 78, 84 NOTODONTIDAE 81 nycterus (Oiophassus) 20 nympha (Riodinella) 63 NYMPHALIDAE 64, 69 NYMPHALINAE 67 NYMPHALITES 68 NYMPHIDIINI 63 obscurotrimaculatus (Epiborkhausenites) 51 obscurus (Pyralites) 61 obscurus (Nymphalites) 68 obsoletus (Phalaenites) 78 OBTECTOMERA 60 occulta (Eurois) 79 OCNERITES 100 OECOPHORIDAE 51, 53 OECOPHORINAE 51 OECOPHORINITES 52 OEGOCONIITES 46 oehlmanniella [cf.] (Incurvaria) [fossil] 28 oeningensis (Bombycites) 76 OIKETICINAE 35 OIOPHASSUS 20 OLETHREUTINAE 56 olgae (Daiopterix) 14 olgae (Glendotricha) 60 OLIGAMATITES 79 oligocenica (Neurosymploca) 54 oligocenicus (Merrifieldia) 59 OLIGODONTA 71 oliveirae (Phyllonorycter) 41 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) oolitica (Palaeontina) 100 OPOGONA [cf.] 31 oppenheimi (Beloptesis) 100 optata (Mesoses) 100 ovalis (Pararchitaulius) 12 ovata (Archiptilia) 11 OXYCANUS 20 PACHYPSYCHE 100, 101 PALAEOCOSSUS 100 PALAEODEPRESSARIA 48 PALAEOELACHISTA 49 PALAEOINFURCITINEA 31 PALAEOLEPIDOPTERIX 14, 15 PALAEONTINA 100, 101 PALAEONTINIDAE 98, 99, 100, 101 PALAEOPSYCHE 37 PALAEOSABATINCA 16 PALAEOSCARDITES 32 PALAEOTAULIUS 12 PALAEOTINEA 33 Palaeozygaena 54 PAMPHILITES 62 PAPILIO 70, 71, 73 PAPILIONIDAE 70, 73 PAPILIONINAE 70 PAPILIONOIDEA 70, 73 PARABORKHAUSENITES 52 Paragrionympha 15 PARARCHITAULIUS 12 PARASABATINCA 16 PARATAULIUS 12 PARATRIAXOMASIA 31 PARATRICHOPTERA 100 PARATRICHOPTERIDIUM auct 12 PARNASIINAE 70 PARORNIX [cf.] 41 persephone (Prodryas) 69 perveta (Sabatinca) 17 PETISCA 60 PHALAENA auct 85 PHALAENITES 78 PHILODARCHIA 81 PHRAGMOECITES 99, 100 PHYLLEDESTES 85 PHYLLOCNISTINAE 39 PHYLLOCNISTIS [cf.] 39 PHYLLONORYCTER [cf.] 41 PIERIDAE 71, 73 PIERINAE 71 PIERITES 72 pincella [sic] (Psychites) 36 pineellus (Psychites) 36 pioneela [sic] (Psychites) 36 platani (Bucculatrix) 38 platyptera (Pseudorthophlebia) 12 pliotityrellus (Stigmellites) 25 PLUSIINAE 79 PLUTELLIDAE 43, 44, 45 PLUTELLITES 44 pluto (Mylothrites) 66 POLYVENA 56, 57 PONTIA 72 PRAEMENDESIA 49 PRAEPAPILIO 71 PRAEPAPILIONINAE 71 PRAYDIDAE 43 PRAYS [cf.] 43 preecei (Pyralites) 61 primalis (Hexerites) 49 pristinellus (Psychites) 36 proavitella [sic] 15 proavittella (Baltimartyria) 15 PROBLONGOS 78 probosciphera (Microperittia) 49 PROCRIDINAE 54 PRODRYAS 69 PROHEPIALUS 21 Prolibythea 65 PROLYONETIA 45 Prolyonetiidae 45 PROLYSTRA 98, 99, 100 PROPHALONIA 28 PROSCARDITES 32 proserpina (Coliates) 71 proserpinae (Phalaenites) 77 PROTOHEPIALUS 20 PROTOLEPIS 18 PROTOPSYCHE 98, 101 protrita (?Hydriomena) 77 PROUTIA 35, 36 Psamateia 14 PSEUDOCEPHITINEA 32 PSEUDONACLIA 79 PSEUDONEORINA 66 PSEUDORTHOPHLEBIA 12 PSYCHIDAE 35 PSYCHINAE 35 PSYCHITES 36, 37 PTEROPHORIDAE 59 PTEROPHOROIDEA 59 puella (Pseudonaclia) [fossil] 79 pulchra (Gracilepterix) 14 purpurascens (Adelites) 28 PYRALIDAE 60, 61 PYRALINAE 60 PYRALITES 61 PYRALOIDEA 60, 61 quadrifasciatus (Chionaemopsis) 84 querci (Phytomyzites) 95 radobojana (Noctuidae) 83 radobojana (Noctuites) 83 rasnitsyni (Baltimartyria) 15 rasnitsyni (Daiopterix) 14 rasnitsyni (Palaeotinea) 33 rebeli (Martynea) 32 REBELIA 36 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 121 SOHN ET AL. 122 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press RECURVARIA [cf.] 50 repens (Geometridites) 77 resinella [cf.] (Retinia) [fossil] 57 RETINIA [cf.] 57 reynesii (Lethites) 65 Rhipidorhabdi 101 Rhipidorhabdus 101 RHOPOBOTA 57 RIODINELLA 63 RIODINIDAE 62, 63 RIODININAE 62 roeselliformis (Baltonides [sic]) 49 rohdendorfi (Palaeoinfurcitinea) 31 rohdendorfi (Symmocites) 46 roscipennella [cf.] (Caloptilia) [fossil] 40 ROTHSCHILDIA [cf.] 74 ruminiana (Thaites) 70 ruminianus (Thaites) 70 SABATINCA 17 sadilenkoi (Tortricites) 58 samsonovi (Stigmellites) 25 sassafrasella [cf.] (Caloptilia) [fossil] 40 SATURNIIDAE 74 SATURNINAE 74 SATYRINAE 65, 66, 67 Satyrites 65 SCARDIINAE 32 SCARDITES 32 SCHIFFERMUELLERIA 52 schroeteri (Sphinx) 101, 102 scudderi (Nymphalites) 69 scutitarsella [sic] (Adelites) 27 SCYTHROPITES 44 secundum (Palaeopsyche) 37 sepositellus (Tineites) 34 sepulta (Neorinopis) 66 serpentina (Stigmellites) 25 serraticornellus (Adelites) 28 SESIA auct 56 SESIIDAE 56 shanwangiana (Mioclanis) 75 sharovi (Stigmellites) 25 SICULODINAE 60 similis (Adela) 27 SIMULOTENIA 31 sinica (Mesokristensenia) 13 skalskii (Tortricites) 58 snelleni (Sphinx) 101 solentenis (Paratriaxomasia) 31 sp. (Incurvaria) [fossil] 28 Spatalistiforma 58 SPATALISTIFORMA 58 SPHINGIDAE 74, 75 SPHINGIDITES 75 STAUROPOLIA 80 stavropolicus (Noctuites) 83 STENOMATINAE 49 STIGMELLA [cf.] 22, 23, 24 STIGMELLITES 24, 25, 26 STOLOPSYCHE 72 styx (Lithodryas) 68 submerga (Spatalistiforma) 58 submerga (Spatalistiforma) 58 succinellus (Argyresthites) 43 sucinacius (Tineites) 34 sukatshevae (Elachistites) 48 sukatshevae (Undopterix) 15 svetlanae (Pseudocephitinea) 32 SYMMOCINAE 46 SYMMOCITES 46 Symmocytes [sic] 46 SYNTOMINI 79 SYNTOMIS [cf.] 79 talboti (Miopieris) 72, 73 tau (Aglia) [fossil] 74 tenebricus (Plutellites) 74 tener (Necrotaulius) 11 THAITES 70 Thaites 70 Thaitites [sic] 70 THANATITES 62 THECLA [cf.] 63 THEOPE 63 thoracella (Bucculatrix) [fossil] 38 THYRIDIDAE 60 THYRIDOIDEA 60 TILLYARDINEA 33 TILLYARDINEINAE 33 TINEA auct 85 TINEIDAE 30, 34, 35 TINEINAE 33 TINEITELLA 34 Tineites 34 TINEOIDEA 30, 38 TINEOLAMIMA 31 Tineolamina [sic] 31 TINEOSEMOPSIS 33 TISCHERIIDAE 30 TISCHERIOIDEA 30 TORTRICIBALTIA 57 Tortricibaltia 57 TORTRICIDAE 56, 59 TORTRICIDROSIS 57 TORTRICINAE 56 TORTRICITES 58 TORTRICOIDEA 56 transversum (Palaeopsyche) 37 traugottolseni (Palaeoelachista) 49 triassica (Eoses) 101 triassicus (Curvicubitus) 101 triquetrella (Dahlica) [fossil] 36 truncatipennella (Epinomeuta) 44 turolensis (Zygaena) 55 TYPHONIINAE 36 tyshchenkoi (Stigmellites) 25 ulmivora (Nepticula) [fossil] 22 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Author index Undopterigidae 14 UNDOPTERIX 15 universella [sic] (Epinomeuta) 44 vagabunda (Libytheana) 65 VANESSA 69 vetulinus [sic] (Thanatites) 62 vetulus (Thanatites) 62 vicinellus (Paraborkhausenites) 52 vicinus (Palaeotaulius) 12 vidali (Palaeontina) 101 VOLTINIA 62 vorax (Phylledestes) 85 vulneratellus (Oecophorinites) 52 wagneri (Cerurites) 81 weidneri (Sphingidites) 75 wilmattae (Doxocopa) 67 XENA 15 Xyleutites 82 YPONOMEUTIDAE 43 YPONOMEUTOIDEA 43 YPSOLOPHUS auct 54 zaguljaevi (Electromeessia) 31 zalesskii (Electresia) 57 zeckerelli [sic] (Prolyonetia) 45 zelkovae (Stigmellites) 25 ZEUGLOPTERA 15 zeuneri (Nymphalites) 69 zherichini (Palaeosabatinca) 16 ZYGAENA [cf.] 54, 55 ZYGAENIDAE 54, 55 ZYGAENINAE 54 ZYGAENITES 55 Zygaenites 54 ZYGAENOIDEA 54 Alonso et al., 2000 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Andersen and Andersen, 1996 Hesperiidae 62 Anderson and Anderson, 1995 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Anderson and Anderson, 1999 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Ansorge, 1996 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Ansorge, 2002 Micropterigidae 17 Necrotauliidae 11, 12 Ansorge and Kohring, 1995 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Archibald, 1995 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Ash, 1997 Putative lepidopteran 96 Ash and Hasiotis, 1996 Putative lepidopteran 96 Azar et al., 2010 Micropterigidae 17 Bachofen-Echt, 1949 Lycaenidae 64 Noctuoidea 84 Papilionidae 71, 73 Psychidae 37 Barthel and Hetzer, 1982 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Benassi, 1896 Lycaenidae 63 Lymantriinae 81 Papilionoidea 73 Berendt, 1830 Sphingidae 75 Beringer and H?bner, 1726 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Bennike and B?cher, 1990 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Berry, 1916 Nepticulidae 26 Beutenm?ller and Cockerell, 1908 Nymphalidae 69 Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986 Pterophoridae 59 Blair, 1927 Limacodidae 54 Bloch, 1776 Geometridae 85 Boisduval, 1839 Satyrinae 66 Boisduval, 1840 Satyrinae 66 Bonde et al., 2008 Hesperiidae 62 Noctuoidea 83 Papilionoidea 73 Pyraloidea 61 Bornhardt, 1975 Nepticulidae 25 Boucot, 1990 Nepticulidae 26 Branscheid, 1968 Pieridae 72 Branscheid, 1969 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 123 SOHN ET AL. 124 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Pieridae 72 Branscheid, 1977 Nymphalidae 68 Pieridae 72, 73 Brito and Ribeiro, 1975 Danainae 65 Brodie, 1845 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Brodie, 1873 Putative lepidopteran 96 Bromell, 1729 Putative lepidopteran 96 Bronn, 1837 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Brooks, 1955 Nepticulidae 26 Brown, 1976 Pieridae 71 Bryk, 1912 Parnasiinae 70 Bryk, 1913 Parnasiinae 70 Bryk, 1916 Papilionidae 70 Burgeff, 1951 Zygaenidae 55 Butler, 1873 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 100 Satyrinae 66 Butler, 1889 Nymphalinae 63, 64 Carpenter, 1985 Nymphalinae 68 Carpenter, 1992 Autostichidae 46 Cossidae 56 Eolepidopterigina 14 Hepialidae 21 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 84 Lycaenidae 64 Noctuoidea 82 Notodontidae 81 Pieridae 72 Plutellidae 44 Pyralidae 61 Cavallo and Galletti, 1987 Lymantriinae 81 Chambers, 1882 Gracillariidae 39, 40, 41 Chandler, 1926 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Chandler, 1961 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Charpentier, 1843 Nymphalinae 68 Churcher, 1966 Sphingidae 75 Clark et al., 1971 Eriocraniidae 19 Geometridae 76 Nepticulidae 24 Notodontidae 81 Sphingidae 75 Pyralidae 61 CoBabe et al., 2002 Satyrinae 66 Cockerell and LeVeque, 1931 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 84 Cockerell, 1907 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Nymphalinae 67 Tortricidae 58 Cockerell, 1909 Nymphalinae 68 Cockerell, 1914 Saturniidae 74 Cockerell, 1916 Tortricidae 58 Cockerell, 1919 Micropterigidae 17 Cockerell, 1921 Cossidae 56 Cockerell, 1933 Elachistidae 49 Crane and Jarzembowski, 1980 Nepticulidae 24 Curtis, 1829 Noctuoidea 83 Dalman, 1826 Arctiinae 79 Daudet, 1876 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 99 Davis, 1989 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 de Saporta, 1872 Papilionidae 70 de Serres, 1829 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Satyrinae 66 Sesiidae 56 Zygaenidae 55 DeVries and Poinar, 1997 Riodinidae 63 Donner and Wilkinson, 1989 Nepticulidae 22, 26 Douglas and Stockey, 1996 Arctiinae 80 Noctuoidea 83 Duponchel, 1838 Satyrinae 66 Durden and Rose, 1978 Papilionidae 71 Papilionoidea 73 Satyrinae 67 Riodinidae 63 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Edwards, 1868 Satyrinae 66 Engel and Kinzelbach, 2008 Micropterigidae 16 Evans, 1931 Hepialidae 21 Evers, 1907 Geometridae 77 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Lymantriinae 81 Nymphalinae 68 Fern?ndez-Rubio and Nel, 2000 Zygaenidae 54 Fern?ndez-Rubio and Pe?alver, 1994 Zygaenidae 55 Fern?ndez-Rubio et al., 1991 Zygaenidae 55 Fossil Insect Research Group for Nojiri-ko Excavation, 1990 Geometridae 77 Noctuidae 79 Forbes, 1931 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 84 Freeman, 1965 Gracillariidae 41 Frey, 1964 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86, 94 Fritsch, 1882 Nepticulidae 24 Fujiyama, 1983 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Nymphalinae 67 Gall and Tiffney, 1983 Noctuoidea 84 Gelhaus and Johnson, 1996 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Gentilini, 1991 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 George, 1952 Bombycoidea 76 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Germar, 1839 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Germar, 1842 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 100 Gervais, 1877 Noctuoidea 84 Giebel, 1856 Lycaenidae 64 Psychidae 36 Giebel, 1862 Geometridae 78 Givulescu, 1984 Elachistidae 47 Gracillariidae 40 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Gravenhorst, 1835 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Lycaenidae 64 Tortricidae 58 Grimaldi, 1996 Riodinidae 62 Grimaldi and Engel, 2005 Acrolophidae 30 Eolepidopterigidae 14 Gelechioidea 53 Geometridae 77 Glossata 18 Micropterigidae 17 Nepticulidae 25 Oecophoridae 53 Pyraloidea 61 Tineidae 34 Tortricidae 59 Zeugloptera 13 Grimaldi and Nascimbene, 2010 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Tineidae 34 Grimaldi et al., 2000 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Grimaldi et al., 2002 Glossata 19 Micropterigidae 17 Grote, 1901 Nymphalidae 70 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Papilionoidea 73 Gu?rin-M?nevilles, 1838 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Haase, 1890 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Pterophoridae 59 Sphingidae 75 Hagen, 1882 Gracillariidae 39, 40, 41 Hall, 1845 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Hall et al., 2004 Lycaenidae 63 Riodinidae 62 Hammond and Poinar, 1998 Nymphalinae 69 Hand et al., 2010 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Handlirsch, 1906 [1907] Misidentified nonlepidopteran 98, 99, 100, 101 Necrotauliidae 11, 12 Handlirsch, 1908 Bombycidae 76 Geometridae 77 Lymantriinae 81 Noctuoidea 82, 83 Pterophoridae 59 Sphingidae 75 Handlirsch, 1939 Necrotauliidae 11, 12 Handschin, 1944 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Tineidae 34 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 125 SOHN ET AL. 126 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Harris and Raine, 2002 Geometridae 78 Hayashi et al., 2002 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Hayashi et al., 2004 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Hayashi et al., 2005 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Hayashi et al., 2008 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Hayashi et al., 2009 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Heer, 1849 Bombycidae 76 Geometridae 78 Noctuoidea 81, 82 Pieridae 72 Psychidae 36 Satyrinae 66 Heer, 1856 Noctuoidea 82 Pyraloidea 61 Heer, 1861 Geometridae 77 Papilionidae 70 Heer, 1865 Bombycidae 76 Helm, 1899 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 87 Henriksen, 1922 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 88 Henriksen, 1933 Noctuoidea 83 Tineidae 35 Henrotay, 1986 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 88 Papilionoidea 66 Heyden, 1859 Nymphalinae 62 Hickey and Hodges, 1975 Gracillariidae 42 Hill, 1987 Tineidae 33 Hiura and Miyatake, 1974 Pyraloidea 61 Hoffeins and Hoffeins, 2003 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 88 Holst, 1908 Noctuoidea 83 Hong, 1984 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 99 Hope, 1836 Arctiinae 79 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 88 Noctuoidea 83 Papilionoidea 73 Sesiidae 56 Huang, Nel and Minet, 2010 Mesokristenseniidae 13 Hurd and Smith, 1957 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 88 Hurd et al., 1962 Oecophoridae 83 Tineoidea 38 Ivanov, 2002 Necrotauliidae 11 Iversen, 1934 Noctuidae 79 Jarzembowski, 1976 Hepialidae 21 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 88 Jarzembowski, 1980 Copromorphidae 60 Cossidae 56 Gelechioidea 53 Geometridae 77 Gracillariidae 39, 40 Lycaenidae 64 Lyonetiidae 46 Nepticulidae 24, 25, 26 Papilionoidea 73 Plutellidae 45 Pyraloidea 61 Tineidae 31, 34 Jarzembowski, 1989 Nepticulidae 24 Jarzembowski, 1995 Gracillariidae 39 Nepticulidae 25 Joseph, 1986 Arctiinae 80 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Kawahara, 2009 Libytheinae 65 Kawall, 1876 Tineidae 34 Keble, 1947 Hepialidae 20 Keilbach, 1982 Adelidae 27, 28 Argyresthiidae 43 Autostichidae 46 Lyonetiidae 46 Plutellidae 44 Tineidae 31 Kernbach, 1967 Arctiinae 80 Eriocraniidae 19 Geometridae 76, 77 Nepticulidae 22, 24, 25 Noctuoidea 82 Notodontidae 81 Papilionoidea 73 Pieridae 72 Putative lepidopteran 89, 96 Pyralidae 61 Sphingidae 75 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Kinzelbach, 1970 Nepticulidae 22 Kirby, 1871 Nymphalinae 62 Satyrinae 66 Kirby, 1872 Nymphalinae 68 Klebs, 1890 Arctiinae 80 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Knowlton, 1917 Gracillariidae 39 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Kolbe, 1932 Noctuoidea 83 Koponen and Nuorteva, 1973 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Tortricidae 57 Kosmowska-Ceranowicz, 1996 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981 Elachistidae 49 Kozhanchikov, 1957 Noctuoidea 82 Kozlov et al., 2002 Eriocraniidae 19 Kozlov, 1988 Adelidae 27 Arctiinae 80 Argyresthiidae 43 Autostichidae 46 Bombycidae 76 Bombycoidea 76 Bucculatricidae 38 Elachistidae 48, 49 Eolepidopterigidae 14 Eriocraniidae 19 Gelechioidea 54 Geometridae 77, 78 Gracillariidae 40, 42 Hesperiidae 62 Incurvariidae 29 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Lyonetiidae 45 Micropterigidae 16, 17 Momphidae 50 Nepticulidae 24, 25, 26 Noctuoidea 82, 83, 84 Nymphalinae 67, 68, 69 Oecophoridae 52, 53 Pieridae 72 Plutellidae 44 Psychidae 36, 37 Pyraloidea 61 Sphingidae 75 Tineidae 31, 32, 33, 34 Tortricidae 58 Kozlov, 1989 Eolepidopterigidae 14, 15 Glossata 18 Karataunia 13 Micropterigidae 17 Krassilov, 2007 Coleophoridae 47 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Krassilov and Shuklina, 2008 Adeloidea 30 Gracillariidae 41 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Kristensen and Nielsen, 1979 Micropterigidae 15 Kristensen and Skalski, 1998 Acrolophinae 20 Dryadaulinae 30 Hieroxestinae 31 Putative Lepidoptera 96 Kuhn, 1951 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 98, 99 K?hne et al., 1973 Micropterigidae 18 Kunz, 2010 Saturniidae 74 Kupryjanowicz, 2001 Elachistidae 49 Incurvariidae 29 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Micropterigidae 16 Oecophoridae 53 Tineidae 34 Kuroko, 1987 Nepticulidae 22 Kurz and Kurz, 2010 Micropterigidae 16 Kusnezov, 1928 Arctiinae 79 Kusnezov, 1941 Adelidae 28 Autostichidae 46 Gelechioidea 53 Geometridae 78 Lyonetiidae 45 Micropterigidae 15, 16, 17 Momphidae 50 Nymphalinae 68 Oecophoridae 51, 52, 53 Plutellidae 44 Pyralidae 60 Sphingidae 75 Tineidae 31, 32, 33, 34 Tortricidae 57 Labandeira, 1998 Incurvariidae 29 Nepticulidae 22 Labandeira, 2002 Coleophoridae 47 Gracillariidae 39 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 127 SOHN ET AL. 128 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Heliozelidae 27 Incurvariidae 29 Nepticulidae 22, 26 Labandeira et al., 1994 Gracillariidae 39 Nepticulidae 21, 23, 27 Labandeira et al., 2002 Gracillariidae 42 Nepticulidae 23 Lancucka-Srodoniowa, 1964 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Lang et al., 1995 Gracillariidae 39, 42 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Lyonetiidae 45 Nepticulidae 23 Praydidae 43 Larsson, 1975 Papilionoidea 74 Larsson, 1978 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Lyonetiidae Larsson, 1962 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Leestmans, 1983 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90, 94 Parnassinae 70 Zygaenidae 55 Lemdahl, 2000 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Papilionoidea 74 Lewis, 1969 Gracillariidae 40 Lewis, 1976 Psychidae 38 Lewis, 1985 Gracillariidae 41 Lewis, 1989 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Lewis, 1992 Geometridae 77 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 89 Leakey, 1952 Sphingidae 75 Lefebvre, 1851 Satyrinae 66 Liebhold et al., 1982 Nepticulidae 23 Lindberg, 1900 Saturniidae 74 ?omnicki, 1894 Noctuoidea 83 MacKay, 1969 Oecophoridae 53 Plutellidae 44 Martins-Neto, 1989 Danainae 64, 65 Gracillariidae 41 Nepticulidae 22 Martins-Neto, 1998 Cossidae 55 Erebidae 81 Pyralidae 60 Martins-Neto, 1999 Eolepidopterigidae 15 Martins-Neto and Vulcano, 1989 Eolepidopterigidae 14, 15 Micropterigidae 17 Martins-Neto et al., 1993 Satyrinae 66 Mart?nez-Delcl?s et al., 1999 Micropterigidae 17 McCobb et al., 1998 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 19 McNamara et al., 2011 Zygaenidae 54 Menge, 1856 Psychidae 37 Tineidae 34, 35 Tortricidae 59 M?rit and M?rit, 2008 Geometridae 78 Meunier, 1902 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Mey, 2011 Micropterigidae 15 Meyer, 2003 Elachistidae 50 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 85 Libytheinae 65 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Nymphalinae 67 Tortricidae 58 Miki, 1937 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Miller and Brown, 1989 Nymphalinae 69 Minot, 1886 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91M?ller, 1982 Putative lepidopteran 96 Mueller, 1964 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 86 Nazari et al., 2007 Papilionidae 70 Parnasiinae 70 Nekrutenko, 1965 Nymphalinae 67, 69 Nel and Descimon, 1994 Satyrinae 66 Nel and Nel, 1985 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Sphingidae 101 Nel and Nel, 1986 Hesperiidae 62 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Nel, Nel and Balme, 1993 Satyrinae 65 Nel et al., 1993 Satyrinae 66 N?raudeau et al., 2002 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Nudds and Selden, 2008 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Nuorteva and Kinnunen, 2008 Noctuoidea 84 Psychidae 37 Opler, 1973 Bucculatricidae 38 Eriocraniidae 19 Gelechiidae 50 Gracillariidae 39, 41, 42 Lyonetiidae 46 Nepticulidae 23, 26 Opler, 1974 Nepticulidae 23 Opler, 1982 Bucculatricidae 38 Oppenheim, 1885 Geometridae 78 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 98, 99, 100, 101 Oppenheim, 1888 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 99, 100 Oustalet, 1870 Noctuoidea 82 Pe?alver, 1997 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 91 Pe?alver and Delcl?s, 1997 Nepticulidae 26 Pe?alver and Delcl?s, 2004 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Nepticulidae 26 Pe?alver and Grimaldi, 2006 Gelechioidea 53 Nymphalidae 64 Perkovsky et al., 2003 Gelechioidea 53 Psychidae 37 Tineoidea 38 Pfretzschner, 1998 Satyrinae 65 Pierce, 1945 Hepialidae 20 Piton, 1936 Pterophoridae 59 Piton, 1940 Hepialidae 21 Poinar, 1992 Autostichidae 46 Blastobasiidae 48 Cosmopterigidae 47 Elachistidae 49 Gelechiidae 50 Noctuoidea 83 Tineidae 35 Tortricidae 59 Poinar and Brown, 1993 Tortricidae 56, 57 Poinar and Brown, 2002 Gracillariidae 72 Poinar and Poinar, 2005 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Poinar et al., 1991 Gracillariidae 42 Tineidae 35 Pongr?cz, 1928 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Procaccini, 1842 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Prokop, 2003 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Notodontidae 81 Raffray, 1875 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Rasnitsyn and Ross, 2000 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Micropterigidae 17 Rasnitsyn, 1983 Eolepidopterigidae 14 Rebel, 1898 Arctiinae 80 Lycaenidae 64 Parnasiinae 70 Rebel, 1934 Adelidae 27, 28 Argyresthiidae 43 Incurvariidae 29 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Lyonetiidae 46 Momphidae 50 Oecophoridae 51, 52, 53 Psychidae 36 Tineidae 31, 33, 34 Rebel, 1936 Argyresthiidae 43 Adelidae 27, 28 Elachistidae 48 Incurvariidae 28 Micropterigidae 15, 17 Oecophoridae 51, 52 Plutellidae 44 Reid and Reid, 1915 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Richter, 1988 Micropterigidae 18 Richter and Storch, 1980 Cossidae 56 Pieridae 73 Sphingidae 76 Richter and Storch, 1988 Putative lepidopteran 96 Riek, 1976 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 100 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 129 SOHN ET AL. 130 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Rohdendorf, 1939 Putative lepidopteran 96 Rohdendorf and Zehrikhin, 1974 Mnesarchaeidae 20 Rosenkjaer, 1906 Tineidae 35 Ross, 1998 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 12 Ross and York, 2000 Micropterigidae 17 Ross et al., 2010 Gelechiidae 51 Gracillariidae 42 Rozefelds, 1985 Putative lepidopteran 96 Rozefelds, 1988 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92 Nepticulidae 26, 27 Putative lepidopteran 96 Rust, 1998 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 92, 93 Rust, 1999 Glossata 19 Heteroneura 21 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Rust, 2000 Heteroneura 21 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Sanderson and Farr, 1960 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Schaarschmidt, 1992 Incurvariidae 29 Schlotheim, 1820 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 102 Schl?ter, 1974 Micropterigidae 18 Schl?ter, 1975 Micropterigidae 18 Schl?ter, 1997 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 102 Sch?berlin, 1888 Sphingidae 75 Schr?ter, 1784 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 102 Sch?ssler, 1933 Saturniidae 74 Scott et al., 1992 Putative lepidopteran 96 Scudder, 1867 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 102 Noctuoidea 84 Scudder, 1868 Putative lepidopteran 96 Scudder, 1872 Satyrinae 65 Scudder, 1875 Hesperiidae 62 Lycaenidae 63, 64 Nymphalinae 65, 68 Papilionidae 70 Papilionoidea 73 Pieridae 71, 72 Satyrinae 65, 66 Scudder, 1877 Noctuoidea 84 Scudder, 1878 Nymphalinae 69 Scudder, 1881 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Scudder, 1889 Libytheinae 65 Nymphalinae 67, 68 Pieridae 72 Scudder, 1890 Elachistidae 50 Libytheinae 65 Scudder, 1891 Nymphalinae 68 Psychidae 36 Scudder, 1892 Libytheinae 65 Scudder, 1894 Nymphalinae 69 Sendelius, 1742 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Putative lepidopteran 97 Shields, 1985 Libytheinae 65 Skalski, 1973 Micropterigidae 17 Oecophoridae 51 Tineidae 35 Tortricidae 57, 59 Skalski, 1974 Putative lepidopteran 97 Tineidae 33 Skalski, 1976 Adelidae 27 Argyresthiidae 43 Autostichidae 46 Cosmopterigidae 47 Elachistidae 48, 49 Gelechiidae 51 Heliozelidae 27 Hesperiidae 62 Incurvariidae 29 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93, 95 Micropterigidae 15, 16 Nepticulidae 22 Nymphalinae 67 Oecophoridae 51, 52 Plutellidae 44, 45 Tineidae 35 Tortricidae 57, 58 Yponomeutidae 43 CATALOG OF FOSSIL LEPIDOPTERA (INSECTA: HOLOMETABOLA) Skalski, 1977 Autostichidae 46 Elachistidae 49 Gelechioidea 54 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Oecophoridae 51, 52 Plutellidae 45 Tineidae 31 Skalski, 1979 Elachistidae 48 Eolepidopterigidae 14, 15 Incurvariidae 29 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94, 95 Lophocoronidae 20 Mnesarchaeidae 20 Nepticulidae 25, 26 Skalski, 1984 Eolepidopterigidae 14 Skalski, 1985 Thyrididae 60 Skalski, 1988 Arctiinae 80 Skalski, 1990 Adelidae 28 Archaeolepiidae 13 Copromorphidae 60 Elachistidae 49 Eolepidopterigidae 13, 15 Eriocraniidae 19 Heliodinidae 45 Hepialidae 20 Incurvariidae 28 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Micropterigidae 16, 17 Nepticulidae 21, 24 Noctuoidea 84 Oecophoridae 53 Thyrididae 60 Skalski, 1992 Tortricidae 57, 58 Skalski, 1995 Micropterigidae 15 Smith, 1878 Nymphalinae 69 Smith, 1874 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 Psychidae 35, 36, 37 Tineidae 32 Sohn et al., 2011 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Sontag, 2003 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Stark, 1925 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Stephenson, 1991 Putative lepidopteran 97 Stephenson and Scott, 1992 Gracillariidae 39, 42 Nepticulidae 23, 26 Straus, 1977 Bucculatricidae 38 Coleophoridae 47 Gelechiidae 50 Gracillariidae 40, 41 Incurvariidae 28 Nepticulidae 24, 25 Putative lepidopteran 97 Sukatsheva, 1990 Necrotauliidae 11 Swinton, 1881 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 93 Szafer, 1947 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Szafer, 1954 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Szafer, 1961 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 90 Theobald, 1937 Lycaenidae 63 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 94 Noctuoidea 84 Satyrinae 66 Zygaenidae 55 Tillyard, 1919 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 100, 101 Tindale, 1945 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 99 Tindale, 1985 Castniidae 56 van Schepdael, 1974 Geometridae 77 Lycaenidae 63 Satyrinae 67 Walker, 1854 Arctiinae 79 Wangrin, 1940 Satyrinae 67 Wedmann, 2000 Glossata 19 Weitschat, 2009 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Psychidae 37 Weitschat and Wichard, 1998 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Psychidae 38 Tineidae 35 Westwood, 1854 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 98, 99 Weyland et al., 1960 Putative lepidopteran 98 Weyenbergh, 1874 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 99 Weyenbergh, 1869 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 101 Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press ? 131 SOHN ET AL. 132 ? Zootaxa 3286 ? 2012 Magnolia Press Whalley, 1977 Micropterigidae 15, 17 Whalley, 1978 Incurvariidae 29 Micropterigidae 16 Whalley, 1985 Archaeolepiidae 13 Whalley, 1986 Incurvariidae 29 Misidentified nonlepidopteran 102 Noctuoidea 84 Wilf et al., 2005 Gracillariidae 42 Nepticulidae 24 Putative lepidopteran 98 Wilf et al., 2006 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Wilson, 1996 Geometriidae 77 Winkler et al., 2010 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Woodward, 1876 Putative lepidopteran 98 Wu, 1997 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Zablocki, 1960 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Zeuner, 1927 Sphingidae 76 Zeuner, 1931 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Nymphalinae 69 Pyraloidea 61 Zeuner, 1942 Pieridae 71, 72, 73 Zeuner, 1960 Hesperiidae 62 Nymphalinae 69 Parnasiinae 70 Zhang, 1989 Hepialidae 20 Sphingidae 75 Zhang, Sun and Zhang, 1994 Sphingidae 74, 75 Zherikhin, 1978 Nepticulidae 24, 25 Zherikhin and Sukacheva, 1973 Lepidoptera incertae sedis 95 Mnesarchaeidae 20 Putative lepidopteran 98