B A N I S T E R I A A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA ISSN 1066-0712 Published by the Virginia Natural History Society The Virginia Natural History Society (VNHS) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the dissemination of scientific information on all aspects of natural history in the Commonwealth of Virginia, including botany, zoology, ecology, archaeology, anthropology, paleontology, geology, geography, and climatology. The society’s periodical Banisteria is a peer-reviewed, open access, online-only journal. Submitted manuscripts are published individually immediately after acceptance. A single volume is compiled at the end of each year and published online. The Editor will consider manuscripts on any aspect of natural history in Virginia or neighboring states if the information concerns a species native to Virginia or if the topic is directly related to regional natural history (as defined above). Biographies and historical accounts of relevance to natural history in Virginia also are suitable for publication in Banisteria. Membership dues and inquiries about back issues should be directed to the Co-Treasurers, and correspondence regarding Banisteria to the Editor. For additional information regarding the VNHS, including other membership categories, annual meetings, field events, pdf copies of papers from past issues of Banisteria, and instructions for prospective authors visit http://virginianaturalhistorysociety.com/ Editorial Staff: Banisteria Editor Todd Fredericksen, Ferrum College 215 Ferrum Mountain Road Ferrum, Virginia 24088 Associate Editors Philip Coulling, Nature Camp Incorporated Clyde Kessler, Virginia Tech Nancy Moncrief, Virginia Museum of Natural History Karen Powers, Radford University Stephen Powers, Roanoke College C. L. Staines, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Copy Editor Kal Ivanov, Virginia Museum of Natural History Copyright held by the author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Banisteria 57: 1–44 © 2023 Virginia Natural History Society RESEARCH ARTICLE THE COLEOPTERA OF EASTERN NECK NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, MARYLAND C. L. STAINES AND S. L. STAINES Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, Maryland 21037, USA Corresponding author: C. L. Staines (stainesc@si.edu) Editor: T. Fredericksen | Received 23 November 2022 | Accepted 13 January 2023 | Published 20 January 2023 https://virginianaturalhistorysociety.com/banisteria/banisteria.htm#ban57 Citation: Staines, C. L. and S. L. Staines. 2023. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge, Maryland. Banisteria 57: 1–44. ABSTRACT A total of 278 species of Coleoptera representing 51 families were collected in a 2003 citizen science inventory project at Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge. Eight beetles are documented from Maryland for the first time: Anthicidae (1), Chrysomelidae (1), Coccinellidae (1), Elateridae (2), Histeridae (2), and Leiodidae (1). Keywords: beetles, biodiversity, citizen science, insects, new state record. INTRODUCTION The two primary objectives of the 2003 inventory were the beetles inhabiting seasonal woodland pools and the subfamily Cicindelinae (Carabidae). Staines & Staines (2005) documented 17 species of Dytiscidae and 25 of Hydrophilidae from seasonal woodland pools. Staines & Staines (2012) documented the five species of Cicindelinae and 75 species of Carabidae in other subfamilies collected on the refuge. Staines (2006) reported that Cicindela hirticollis hirticollis Say quickly colonized a restored beach. The secondary objective was to inventory all beetles by general collecting to lay groundwork for further study. Except for the family Staphylinidae this paper documents the beetles captured for the secondary objective. Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge south of Rock Hall, Kent County, Maryland (39.0149°N, 76.1341°W) is a 2285-acre (914 ha) Chesapeake Bay island at the mouth of the 2 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Chester River (Fig. 1). Habitats include 860 acres (344 ha) of brackish tidal marsh, 550 acres (220 ha) of cropland (primarily corn and soybeans with some clover and winter wheat), 700 acres (280 ha) of forest (composed of loblolly pine, hardwoods, and mature oak-sweetgum forest), 30 acres (12 ha) of grassland, and 40 acres (16 ha) of open water impoundments. The elevation varies from 13 to 23 feet (2.9 to 6.9 m) above mean sea level. Figure 1. Map of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Volunteers were recruited from the Friends of Eastern Neck and Washington College in Chesterton, Maryland. Instruction and laboratory training were given on inventory methods, handling samples, alpha sorting of samples, and mounting and labelling of specimens. A total of 42 individuals completed the training and participated in the field work. We used four methods to collect beetles on the refuge. A series of 10 unbaited barrier pitfall traps containing soapy water as a killing agent were placed in 12 locations on the island and the contents were collected daily and transferred into vials containing 70% ethanol for processing. Visual encounter surveys as well as sweeping and beating vegetation were conducted in specific habitats throughout the island. Finally, we used four black lights for several nights each month, resulting in the collection of numerous species. Limited preliminary collecting was done in early June 2002 to provide data for the initial grant proposals and these species are included in this manuscript. The main inventory effort was conducted from 1 April to 20 September 2003. Species identifications were done by the authors using published and online resources. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the collections of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge and the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. RESULTS Family Anthicidae Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectère has been found on Glycine max (L.) Merr., (Fabaceae) (Bechinski & Pedigo, 1982), Helianthus (Asteraceae) (Royer & Walgenbach, 1991), Asparagus officinalis L. (Asparagaceae) (Latta, 1928), in salt marshes (Cameron, 1972), freshwater marshes (Williams et al., 1995), cobble beaches (Eastwood et al., 2009), grasslands (Bulan & Barrett, 1971), bat guano (Whitaker et al., 1991), occasionally associated with stored grain (Bousquet, 1990); and along the shore of a lake and on a coastal beach (Majka, 2011). A single specimen was taken near the staff residence on 26 June 2003 at black light. Notoxus filicornis Casey is a coastal species collected on a variety of vegetation (Chandler, 1982). Numerous specimens were taken at black light near Headquarters on 26 June 2003. Chandler (1982) reported this species from Florida and New Jersey. It is not listed in the Maryland Biodiversity Project (MBP, 2022). NEW STATE RECORD. Notoxus murinipennis (LeConte) has been collected on a wide variety of plants and flowers (Chandler, 1982). A single specimen was taken at black light at Boxes Point on 26 June 2003. Tomoderus constrictus (Say) is commonly found at light and under debris (Downie & Arnett, 1996); at carrion and black light (Ciegler, 2014). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Wicke’s Historic Site on 26 June 2003. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). Werner (1958) reported this species from Maryland. 4 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Family Anthribidae Euparius marmoreus (Olivier) is generally associated with fungi and dead Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) (Anderson, 1992); associated with polypore fungi (Valentine, 1998; Bloem et al., 2002). In Wisconsin, it has been found in polypore fungi on fallen dead logs of Populus grandidentata Michaux. (Salicaceae), on the underside of Trametes hirsuta (Wulfen) Lloyd (Polyporaceae), and in Stereum-infested dead oak branches (Janicki & Young, 2017). A single specimen was taken at black light near the staff residence on 25 July 2003. Trigonorhinus limbatus (Say) adults breed in the heads and stems of various flowers in Asteraceae, especially in those of Helenium (Janicki & Young, 2017). Numerous specimens were found by visual survey at Cedar Point on 30 May 2003. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). Downie & Arnett (1996) reported this species from Pennsylvania to Florida. Family Bostrichidae Lichenophanus bicornis (Weber) is found under loose bark of many hardwood trees (Downie & Arnett, 1996). Numerous specimens were taken at black light at Boxes Point, Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, and along Ingleside Road from 26 June to 8 August 2003. Trogoxylon parallelopidum (Melsheimer), an introduced species, breeds in living and dried wood (Robinson, 2005). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Family Brentidae Trichapion nigrum (Herbst) breeds in Robinia pseudacacia L. (Fabaceae) (Kissinger, 1968). A single specimen was taken feeding on R. pseudacacia along Duck Inn Trail on 8 August 2003. This species is not reported in MBP (2002). Downie & Arnett (1996) reported it from Maryland. Family Buprestidae Acmaeodera tubulus (Fabricius) breeds in a wide variety of hardwood trees (Knull, 1925; Westcott et al., 1979; Wellso, 1973; Nelson et al., 2008; MacRae, 1991; MacRae & Nelson, 2003; MacRae, 2006; Carlton et al., 2018). Adults are often collected on the flowers of numerous herbaceous plants (Nelson et al., 2008). Two specimens were taken in a pitfall traps in Field 25 on 9 May 2003 and at Wicke’s Historic Site on 17 June 2003. Anthaxia quercata (Fabricius) breeds in a variety of deciduous and coniferous trees (Paiero et al., 2012). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Cedar Point on 30 May 2003. Paragrilus tenuis (LeConte) breeds in several species of Hibiscus (Malvaceae) (Paiero et al., 2012). Numerous specimens were taken on Hibiscus on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 25 July 2003 at Boxes Point. Taphrocerus gracilis (Say) breeds in the leaves of Scirpus fvlviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray (Cyperaceae) (Knull, 1925) and Rhynchospora corniculata Lam. (Cyperaceae) (MacRae, 2004); observed The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 5 feeding on Carex hyalinolepis Steud. (Cyperaceae) (MacRae, 2004). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 22 August 2003 at Cedar Point. Family Byrrhidae Curimopsis strigosa (Melsheimer) has been collected from an unidentified moss (Ulke, 1902). A single specimen was taken at black light at the Ingleside Recreation Area on 8 August 2003. This species is not reported in MBP (2022). Staines & Staines (2019) reported the species from Maryland. Family Byturidae Byturus unicolor Say breeds in the fruit of various Rubus species (Rosaceae) (Springer & Goodrich, 1983). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Bogles Wharf on 3 May 2003. Family Callirhiphidae Zenoa picea Beauvois larvae are found in dead wood and decaying logs (Petersen, 1953), most commonly in dry upland woods (Blatchley, 1910). Adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1983); they have been collected under driftwood and debris on a sandy beach, in Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees (Lauraceae), on rotten wood at the base of a standing dead Quercus rubra L., reared from Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (Fagaceae) (Hoffman et al., 2002); in a sap flow on Morus sp. (Moraceae), and in wood at the base of a hollow beech (Freese, 2013). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Family Cantharidae Cantharis sp. a single specimen which we could not identify to species using existing keys was collected along Duck Inn Trail on 17 May 2003. Chauliognathus marginatus (Fabricius) has been collected on Asclepias syriaca L. (Apocynaceae) and Napaea dioica L. (Malvaceae) (Williams, 2006a). Numerous specimens we observed on flowers around Headquarters on 7 June 2003. Chauliognathus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) has been collected on flowers of 183 species in 29 families in Wisconsin (Williams, 2006b). Numerous specimens were observed on flowers around Headquarters on 7 June 2003. Malthodes sp. a single specimen which we could not determine to species using existing keys was collected at Cedar Point on 30 May 2003. Podabrus modestus (Say) is commonly found in maple forests (Pelletier & Hérbert, 2014). Numerous specimens were taken at black light near Headquarters on 30 May 2003. Podabrus rugosulus LeConte is common in semi-open areas, thicket and second growth fields, fir plantations, apple orchards, tamarack bogs, alvars, and river shores; collected on Cornus 6 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) alternifolia L. (Cornaceae), Crataegus (Rosaceae), Solidago (Asteraceae), and Salix (Pelletier & Hébert, 2014). Two specimens were taken at black light at Boxes Point on 29 May 2003 and in area GTR 2 & 3 on 26 June 2003. Polemius laticornis (Say) is found along the margin of damp woods (Pelletier & Hérbert, 2014). Numerous specimens were found by visual survey near Headquarters on 8 June 2002. Rhaxonycha carolinus (Fabricius) has been found in open shrubby fields at the edge of hardwood forests (Pelletier & Hérbert, 2014). Numerous specimens were collected along the Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Family Cerambycidae Anelaphus parallelus (Newman) are twig pruners of Quercus, Crataegus, Celtis (Cannabaceae), and Betula (Betulaceae) (Lingafelter, 2007). Numerous specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Astyleiopis variegatus (Haldeman) breeds in a wide variety of plants (Lingafelter, 2007). A single specimen was taken at black light at Boxes Point on 26 June 2003. Ataxia crypta (Say) breeds in branches of various hardwood trees, vines, and herbaceous plants (Lingafelter, 2007). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Eburia quadrigeminata (Say) bores in the heartwood of Quercus, Fagus (Fagaceae), Fraxinus (Oleaceae), Carya (Juglandaceae), Acer (Aceraceae), and Ulmus (Ulmaceae); attracted to light (Staines, 1987a). A single specimen was taken at black light along Ingleside Road on 8 August 2003. Elaphidion mucronatum (Say) has been reared from at least 31 genera of both angiospermous and gymnospermous plants (Linsley, 1963; Kirk, 1969, 1970; Gosling, 1984; Rice et al., 1985; Boldt & Robbins, 1987; MacRae, 1994; MacRae & Rice, 2007). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, and on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) bores into oaks of the red and white oak groups (Solomon, 1995) and is attracted to lights (Staines, 1987a). Two specimens were taken at black light on 27 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 12 August 2003 at Cedar Point. Graphisurus fasciatus (DeGeer) breeds in numerous hardwood trees (Lingafelter, 2007). A single specimen was taken at black light at Boxes Point on 23 June 2003. Graphisurus triangulifer (Haldeman) breeds in Celtis and Acer (Lingafelter, 2007). A single specimen was taken at black light at Cedar Point on 24 July 2003. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). Linsley & Chemsak (1984) reported the species from eastern North America. Staines (1987a) did not locate any Maryland specimens. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 7 Megacyllene robinae (Forster) breeds in Robinia, adults are often found on Solidago (Asteraceae) flowers (Staines, 1987a). Numerous specimens were observed on Solidago flowers near Headquarters on 13 September 2022. Molorchus bimaculatus Say has been collected from flowers of Cornus and Viburnum (Adoxaceae), larvae mine dead branches of hardwoods (Staines, 1987a). Numerous specimens were collected at black light at Boxes Point on 29 May 2003. Neanda brunnea (Fabricius) feeds on rotting logs of Acer, Tilia (Malvaceae), Quercus, Populus, Castanea, Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae), Ulmus, and Pyrus (Rosaceae); attracted to light (Linsley, 1962). Numerous specimens were collected at black light between 30 May and 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, Headquarters, and along Wildlife Trail. Phymatodes amoenus (Say) breeds in dead Vitis (Vitaceae) stems (Lingafelter, 2007). Specimens were taken at black light along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Smodicum cucijiforme (Say) breeds in various hardwood trees (Lingafelter, 2007). Specimens were taken at black light on 25 July 2003 at Headquarters, on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, and on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road. Sternidius punctatus (Haldeman) breeds in a variety of hardwood trees (Lingafelter, 2007). A single specimen was taken at black light along Duck Inn Trail on 21 August 2003. Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Forster) larvae and adults feed on Asclepias spp. (Apocynaceae) (Staines, 1987a). Numerous specimens were found around Headquarters on Asclepias on 13 September 2002. Xylotrechus colonus (Fabricius) larvae develop in nearly all eastern United States hardwood trees (Lingafelter, 2007). Numerous specimens were taken at black light from 30 May to 8 August 2003 at Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, and along Ingleside Road. Xylotrechus sagittatus (Germar) breeds in conifers, especially Pinus (Pinaceae) (Lingafelter, 2007). A single specimen was taken at black light on Duck Inn Trail on 21 August 2003. Family Chrysomelidae Acanthoscelides distinguendus (Horn) breeds in Mimosa and Rhynchosia (Fabaceae) (Kingsolver, 2004). Two specimens were taken: one sweeping vegetation along Duck Inn Trail on 17 May 2003 and the other by visual inspection near Headquarters on 8 August 2003. Altica chalybea Illiger adults and larvae feed on Vitis (Isely, 1920). A single specimen was taken along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Amblycerus robiniae (Fabricius) breeds in Gleditisa (Fabaceae) and Robinia (Kingsolver, 2004). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. 8 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Althaeus hibisci (Olivier) breeds in Abutilon (Malvaceae) and Hibiscus (Kingsolver, 2004). A single specimen was taken in a Hibiscus flower near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Anomoea laticlava laticlava (Forster) is associated with numerous plant families (Burke et al., 1994; Riley & Enns, 1979; Balsbaugh & Hays, 1972; Moldenke, 1970; Wilcox, 1954; Blatchley, 1924; Douglass, 1929). LeSage & Stieffel (1996) reported on the biology of this species. Specimens were taken beating woody vegetation on 27 June 2003 at Boxes Point and in a pitfall trap near the Lodge on 7 June 2003. Brachypnoea clypealis (Horn) has been collected on Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae) (Balsbaugh & Hayes, 1972); on Desmodium (Fabaceae) (Rouse & Medvedev, 1972); on Eupatorium and Ambrosia (Asteraceae) (Flowers et al., 1994). A single specimen was taken beating Salix on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters. Brachypnoea tristis (Horn) has been found it on many trees and herbaceous plants (Riley & Enns, 1979). Specimens were taken by visual survey on Datura (Solanaceae) at Cedar Point on 24 July 2002, at staff residence on 26 July 2002, and at Wicke’s Historic Site on 25 July 2002; and on Eupatorium near Headquarters on 11 July 2003. Capraita suturalis (Fabricius) has been collected from numerous plants (Blatchley, 1910). A single specimen was taken at black light along Duck Inn Trail on 21 August 2003. Chaetocnema confinis Crotch feeds on various members of the Convolvulaceae (White, 1996). A single specimen was taken sweeping vegetation near Headquarters on 7 June 2002. Chaetocnema denticulata (Illiger) has been collected from a wide variety of plants (White, 1996). Specimens were taken sweeping on 25 July 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site and in a pitfall trap near Headquarters on 19 April 2003. Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius) feeds on various species of Apocynum (Apocynaceae) (Wilcox, 1979). Specimens were taken feeding on Apocynum on 25 July 2003 along Duck Inn Trail, on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters, and on 25 July 2003 in maintenance area. Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius) feeds on plants in numerous families (Blake, 1974; Riley & Enns, 1979; Altieri & Whitcomb, 1979; Wheeler & Mengel, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road, and 21 August 2003 in maintenance area. Cryptocephalus leucomelas Suffrian has been collected on "Salix presidio", Helianthus tuberosus L., flowers of Malva (Malvaceae), Rhododendron leaf (Ericaceae), Gossypium (Malvaceae) (White, 1968); Salix interior Rowlee, S. humilis Marsh., and Juglans nigra L. (Riley & Enns, 1979). A single specimen was taken feeding on Salix on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters. Cryptocephalus quadruplex Newman has been collected on Vaccinium (Ericaceae), Salix bebbiana Richards, and Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult. (Myricaceae); on Quercus palustris Muenchh. and The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 9 Rhus glabra L. (Anacardiaceae) (LeSage, 1986b; Riley & Enns, 1979). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber adults are found on many species of plants (Wilcox, 1979; Hilgendorf & Goeden, 1981; Wheeler & Mengel, 1984; Wheeler & Hoebeke, 1985; Messina & Root, 1980). Specimens were collected at black light at Cedar Point on 24 July 2003, on 25 July 2003 in maintenance area; by visual survey on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail, and on 7 June 2006 on 8 August 2003 in Ingleside Recreation Area. Disonycha xanthomelas xanthomelas (Dalman) recorded hosts are Amaranthus spinosus L., Beta vulgaris L., Chenopodium album L., Spinacia oleracea L. (Amaranthaceae), and Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo (Caryophyllaceae) (Wilcox, 1979). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point and in a pitfall trap near Headquarters on 23 May 2003. Distigmoptera impennata Blake this rarely collected beetle has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 14 June 2003. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Blake (1943) mentioned specimens from Maine, Massachusetts, Washington, DC, and West Virginia. This is the first documentation of this species from Maryland. NEW STATE RECORD. Epitrix brevis Schwarz has been found on a number of solanaceous plants (Wilcox, 1979). A single specimen was taken sweeping vegetation at Wicke’s Historic Site on 25 July 2003. Epitrix fuscula Crotch has been found on a number of solanaceous plants (Wilcox, 1979). Specimens were taken feeding on Solanum carolinense L. on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters and on 25 July 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site. Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) has been found on a number of solanaceous plants (White & Barber, 1974). A single specimen was taken sweeping vegetation at Wicke’s Historic Site on 25 July 2003. Exema canadensis Pierce adults have been collected on numerous plant species (Karren, 1966). Specimens were taken sweeping vegetation on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, 22 August 2003 at Cedar Point, and on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail. Kuschelina gibbitarsa (Say) adults and larvae develop and feed on Teucrium canadense L. (Lamiaceae) (Clark et al., 2004); on flowers of Achillea (Asteraceae) and Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae) (Blatchley, 1910). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Ingleside Recreation Area on 8 August 2003. Leptinotarsa juncta juncta (Germar) feeds on Solanum carolinense (Clark et al., 2004). Specimens were found feeding on S. carolinense on 7 June 2002 and 3 July 2003 near Headquarters. Longitarsus testaceus Melsheimer has been collected on Cirsium (Wilcox, 1979) and Eupatorium perforatum L. (Riley & Enns, 1979). Specimens were taken feeding on Eupatorium near Headquarters on 7 June 2002. 10 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Mantura chrysanthemi floridana (Koch) has been observed feeding on Persicaria perforatum (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae) (Wheeler & Mengel, 1984). A single specimen was taken feeding on Rumex near Headquarters on 17 May 2003. Neochlamisus gibbosus (Fabricius) has been collected on Rubus (Eubatus), Phleum pratense L. (Poaceae), Quercus, Salix, and Triticum (Poaceae) (Karren, 1972). Specimens were collected by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point, near Headquarters, and along Wildlife Trail. Ophraella notulata (Fabricius) larvae and adults have been observed feeding on Iva oraria (Bartlett) Fern. & Grisc. (Asteraceae) (LeSage, 1986a). Welch (1978) described the biology of this species. Specimens were taken feeding on Iva on 25 July 2003 along Duck Inn Trail and one 27 July 2003 at Boxes Point. Oulema melanopus (L.) this introduced species feeds on cereals and grasses, including Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., and Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae) (White, 1993). A single specimen was taken by visual survey near Headquarters on 30 May 2003. Pachybrachis subfasciatus LeConte has been collected at lights (Rouse & Medvedev, 1972). A single specimen was taken beating Robinia pseudacacia on 14 June 2003 along Duck Inn Trail. Paria fragariae Wilcox adult feeding has been observed on leaves of Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. (Rosaceae) (Wheeler & Hoebeke, 1985) and Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) (Hight, 1990). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 19 April 2003 at Bogles Wharf and along Wildlife Trail; at black light on 29 May 2003 at Boxes Point, on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail, on 25 June 2003 in areas GTR 2 & 3, and on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area; and by visual survey on 5 April 2003 near Headquarters. Paria thoracica (Melsheimer) is commonly found on Solidago (Riley & Enns, 1979); Amaranthus retroflexus L., Aster, Fragaria virginiana Duch. (Rosaceae), and Trifolium (Balsbaugh & Hays, 1972). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 14 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail and on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point. Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) has been collected on numerous cruciferous plants (Smith, 1985). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Cedar Point on 19 April 2003. Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber) develops on Baccharis halimifolia L. and B. neglecta Britt. (Asteraceae) (Boldt & Robbins, 1987). Boldt (1989) reported on the life history of this species. Specimens were taken feeding on Baccharis on 25 July 2003 at Boxes Point and on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail. Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius) has been recorded from numerous plant species (Clark et al., 2004). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail, and on 26 June 2003 in areas GTR 2 & 3. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 11 Family Cleridae Enoclerus nigripes (Say) is a predator of various Curculionidae borers in conifers (Knull, 1951). A single specimen was taken at black light on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road. Family Coccinellidae Coccinella septempunctata L. this introduced species feeds on aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Gordon, 1985). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 17 May 2003 at Boxes Point. Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake feeds on aphids (Gordon, 1985) and many other insects (Cottrell & Yeargan, 1998). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters and 17 May 2003 at Boxes Point. Cycloneda munda (Say) feeds on aphids (Gordon, 1985). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 7 June 2003 near Headquarters. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) this introduced species feeds on scale insects (Hemiptera) and aphids (Chapin & Brou, 1991). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 17 May 2003 at Boxes Point; at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 24 July 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3, and on 27 July 2003 near the staff residence. Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville feeds on aphids, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and other soft-bodied insects (Hamilton et al., 1999). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters and on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point. Naemia seriata seriata (Melsheimer) feeds on scale insects and pollen (Rinehart & Long, 2019). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 13 June 2003 near Headquarters and by black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Nephus intrusus (Horn) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 17 May 2003 at Boxes Point. Scymnus fraternis LeConte feeds on scale insects (Gordon, 1985). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 7 June 2002 near Headquarters. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Gordon (1985) records this species throughout the eastern United States. Scymnus iowensis Casey has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 17 May 2003 at Bogles Wharf. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Gordon (1985) recorded this species from Maryland. Scymnus kansanus Casey feeds on scale insects (Gordon, 1976). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Gordon (1985) recorded this species from New Jersey and Virginia. NEW STATE RECORD. 12 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Scymnus rubicaudus Casey feeds on scale insects (Gordon, 1976). A single specimen was taken sweeping on 25 July 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Gordon (1985) recorded this species throughout the eastern United States. Scymnus semiruber Horn has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Gordon (1985) recorded this species from Maryland. Family Cryptophagidae Henoticus serratus (Gyllenhal) is usually found in leaf litter, fungi, under bark of dead or dying trees, and on the leaves of trees and shrubs (Bousquet, 1989). A single specimen was collected by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Pelletier & Hérbert (2019) recorded this species from eastern Canada to Alabama. Family Curculionidae Aphrastus taeniatus Say breeds in various coarse Poaceae (Blatchley & Leng, 1916) and is found on various Asteraceae and deciduous shrubs (Evans, 2014). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Wicke’s Historic Site on 23 July 2003. Apteromechus ferratus (Say) larvae and pupae have been found within the bark of a recently (year or so) fallen branch of Sassafras albidum (Nuttall) Ness, larvae appeared to mine mostly the bark of the branch without going deeply into the wood, pupation takes place in a cell made in the bark (Kissinger, 1963); on many trees but not Quercus, common on Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. (Lauraceae) (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Ceutorhynchus rapae Gyllenhal this introduced species breeds on several members of Brassicaceae; occasionally on Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) (Colonnelli, 2004); and Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. [Brassicaceae] (Salsbury & Dinkins, 1979). A single specimen was taken sweeping vegetation on 25 July 2003 at Boxes Point. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). This species is widespread in North America (Colonnelli, 2004). Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) is a pest of fruits of many Rosaceae (Schoof, 1942). Specimens were taken at black light near Headquarters on 14 June 2003 and in a pitfall trap along Wildlife Trail on 19 April 2003. Cossonus impressifrons Boheman is found under bark of dead deciduous hardwoods, including oak, sycamore, and elm (Evans, 2014) and has been captured in Lindgren funnel traps (Webster et al., 2016). A single specimen was taken under debris on beach near Headquarters on 14 June 2003. Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Roelofs) this introduced, parthenogenetic species feeds on a wide variety of trees but prefers Quercus and Castanea in Asia (Bright & Bouchard, 2008); it has been collected by sweeping in grassy areas (Salsbury & Dinkins, 1979). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 13 Glocianus punctiger (Gyllenhal) this introduced species breeds in Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex. F. H. Wegg. (Asteraceae) (McAvoy et al., 1983). A single specimen was taken by visual survey along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). Found throughout eastern North America (Dillon & Dillon, 1961). Listronotus caudatus (Say) has been collected on Carex, Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small (Polygonaceae), and Sagittaria (Alismataceae) (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken at black light near the staff residence on 25 July 2003. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). The species is found throughout most of North America (Ciegler, 2010). Listronotus tuberosus LeConte breeds in Sagittaria latifolia Willd. (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Listronotus sp. a single specimen which we could not place to species using existing keys was taken at black light at Ingleside Recreation Area on 12 August 2003. Lixus concavus Say breeds in stems of Rumex (Polygonaceae) (Salsbury & Dinkins, 1979); adults have been collected on Carduus/Cirsium, Helianthus (Asteraceae), (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken feeding on Rumex sp. near Headquarters on 7 June 2002. Magdalis olyra (Herbst) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken sweeping vegetation along Duck Inn Trail on 17 May 2003. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). O’Brien & Wibmer (1982) report it from most of eastern North America. Odontocorynus umbellae (Fabricius) has been collected on the flowers of many plants (Ciegler, 2010). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 5 August 2003 near headquarters and in pitfall traps on 5 August 2003 near the Lodge and along Wildlife Trail. Otiorhynchus rugostriatus (Goeze), an introduced species, feeds on the roots of many Rosaceae (Mattson et al., 1994). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Bogles Wharf on 3 May 2003. Panscopus erinaceus (Say) has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken in pitfall traps at Bogles Wharf on 30 May 2003 and along Wildlife Trail on 19 April 2003. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). O’Brien & Wibmer (1982) recorded it from Maryland. Phyllobius oblongus (L.) this introduced species feeds on the foliage of many hardwood trees (Evans, 2014). A single specimen was taken by visual survey near Headquarters on 30 May 2003. Pityogenes hopkinsi Swaine breeds in Pinus strobus L. (Wood, 1982). Specimens were taken at black light along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Pseudobaris sp. a single specimen we were unable to identify to species using existing keys was taken sweeping vegetation at Wicke’s Historic Site on 25 July 2003. 14 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Pseudoedophyrs hilleri (Faust) this introduced species feeds on the foliage of a wide variety of woody plants (Bright & Bouchard, 2008). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Pseudoneorhinus bifasciatus (Roelofs) this introduced species feeds on a wide variety of plants mostly in shady areas or along the woods edge (Staines & Staines, 1988). Specimens were taken sweeping vegetation at Boxes Point on 27 June 2003 and at Cedar Point on 22 August 2003; in pitfall traps at Ingleside Recreation Area on 17 June 2003 and at Wicke’s Historic Site on 17 June 2003. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich) this European species was introduced for the biological control of Carduus and Cirsium thistles (Shelton, 2022). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Boxes Point on 17 May 2003. Rhyssomatus annectans (Casey) breeds on Asclepias incarnata L. (Blatchley & Leng, 1916). A single specimen was taken by visual survey along Duck Inn Trail on 25 July 2003. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). The recorded range of the species is from New York to South Carolina (Ciegler, 2010). Sitona hispidulus Fabricius, an introduced species, is a pest of Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), Trifolium, and other legumes (Bright, 1994). Specimens were taken at black light at Boxes Point on 26 June 2003 and near Headquarters on 14 June 2003. Sitona sp. a single specimen which we could not place to species using existing keys was taken sweeping vegetation along Duck Inn Trail on 17 May 2003. Sitophilus granaries (L.) is a serious pest of stored grain (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). The distribution is cosmopolitan (Ciegler, 2010). Sphenophorus deficiens Chittenden has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken by visual survey on 7 June 2003 near Headquarters and in a pitfall trap at Wicke’s Historic Site on 17 June 2003. This species is not recorded by MBP (2022). The distribution is New York to Florida (O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982). Sphenophorus inaequalis (Say) breeds on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap near Headquarters on 17 June 2003. Sphenophorus melanocephalus (Fabricius) breeds on Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. (Poaceae), adults feed on various grasses (Ciegler, 2010). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap in Field 25 on 17 May 2003. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). The distribution is throughout the eastern United States (O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982). Sphenophorus pertinax (Olivier) feeds on Spartina (Poaceae) (O’Brien & Wibmer, 1982). A single specimen was found under beach debris near Headquarters on 17 May 2003. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 15 Sphenophorus venatus (Say) the preferred host is Cyperus esculentus L., but this species is also found on Scirpus validus, Cynodon dactylon, Triticum aestivum, and Phleum pratense L. (Poaceae) (Vaurie, 1951). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps at Field 25 on 25 June 2003 and near Headquarters on 7 August 2003. Tychius picirostris (Fabricius), an introduced species, feeds on Trifolium sp. (Fabaceae) (Anderson & Howden, 1994). A single specimen was taken by visual survey along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff breeds in a wide variety of trees (Wood, 1982). A single specimen was taken at black light along Duck Inn Trail on 21 August 2003. Xyleborus pubescens Zimmerman feeds on Pinus (Wood, 1982). A single specimen was taken at black light along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Xylosandrus crassiusculus Motschulsky this introduced species feeds on plants in 46 families (Haack & Rabaglia, 2013). Specimens were taken at black light at Boxes Point on 26 June 2003 and near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Family Dermestidae Dermestes caninus Germar there is little biological information on this species but like all members of the genus is associated with carrion (Corrêa et al., 2021). Specimens were collected feeding on dead fish near Headquarters on 17 May 2002 and in bluebird box with dead chick at Ingleside Recreation Area on 23 May 2003. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). It is found throughout North America (Beal, 2003). Family Derodontidae Derodontus esotericus Lawrence is a generalist feeding on a variety of fungi (Leschen, 1994). A single specimen was taken at black light at Ingleside Recreation Area on 8 August 2003. Family Disteniidae Elytrimitatrix undata (Fabricius) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light along Duck Inn Trail on 12 August 2003. Family Elateridae Aeolus amabilis (LeConte) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation area. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Downie & Arnett (1996) reported the species from Indiana, New York, and Ohio. NEW STATE RECORD. Aeolus mellillus Say is found in grasslands and gardens over much of North America. The larvae were originally reported to feed on the roots of many crops (Forbes, 1894; Lugger, 1899). 16 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Subsequent research showed that they are predators (King, 1928; Stirret, 1936; Doane, 1977). Males are very uncommon and the species is thought to be parthenogenetic (Jewett, 1940). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3, on 26 June near Headquarters, on 30 May 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site; and at black light on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Ampedus sanguinipennis (Say) has been beaten from Crataegus foliage (Downie & Arnett, 1996). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Boxes Point on 17 May 2003. Athous cucullatus (Say) larvae are found under bark on downed logs where they feed on woodboring beetle larvae (Kirk, 1922); and in forest litter and rotting logs (Glen, 1950); adults are attracted to lights (Becker, 1974). Specimens were taken at black light on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road and on 25 July 2003 in maintenance area. Conoderus bellus Say adults hibernate beneath rubbish in damp locations, attracted to lights (Blatchley, 1910); larvae have been collected in corn fields in Indiana (Belcher & Tenne, 1987). A single specimen was taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 near Headquarters. Conoderus lividus (DeGeer) has been beaten from branches of Juglans, Carya, and other trees (Blatchley, 1910); larvae have been found in corn fields (Belcher & Tenne, 1987). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 24 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road, on 25 July 2003 in maintenance area, on 25 July 2003 near staff residence, and on 17 June 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site. Conoderus vespertinus (Fabricius) adults are attracted to light (Evans, 2014). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 August 2004 along Duck Inn Trail, on 26 July near Headquarters, on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, and on 25 July 2003 near staff residence. Ctenicera pyrrhos (Herbst) has been taken on Juglans, Carya, and other trees (Dillon & Dillon, 1961). The exact generic placement of this species is unknown (Johnson, 2002). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Elater abruptus Say has been found in hollow trees (Majka & Johnson, 2008). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters. Gambrinus griseus (Beauvois) has been taken sweeping grasses, beating vegetation, and under objects (Blatchley, 1910 as Limonius interstitialis); sifting forest litter, at light, in mixed forests, sweeping vegetation (Al Dhafer, 2009). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3 and on 7 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Gambrinus plebejus (Say) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light on 27 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3. This species is not recorded in MBP (2022). Downie & Arnett (1996) reported the species from Massachusetts, New York, Indiana, and Florida. NEW STATE RECORD. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 17 Glyphonyx testaceous (Melsheimer) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 14 June 2003. This species is not listed in MBP (2022). Downie & Arnett (1996) listed Maryland in the distribution. Horistonotus curiatus (Say) has been collected from Quercus foliage (Downie & Arnett, 1996). A single specimen was taken at black light in area GTR 2 & 3 on 26 June 2003. Lacon marmoratus (Fabricius) has been swept from vegetation, collected at light (Smith & Enns, 1977), and under bark of logs (Evans, 2014). A single specimen was taken at black light near staff residence on 25 July 2003. Limonius agonus (Say) has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken at black light on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail and on 25 July 2003 near staff residence. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Al Dahfer (2009) reports this species from Maryland. Limonius basilaris Say is found on Quercus sp. (Downie & Arnett, 1996). A single specimen was taken by visual survey along Wildlife Trail on 30 May 2003. Melanotus castanipes (Paykull) adults have been collected beneath bark of Pinus (Blatchley, 1910); in flight intercept traps (Levesque & Levesque, 1993). Glen et al. (1943) reported that larvae of many Melanotus prefer heavier, wetter soils. Specimens were taken at black light on 24 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 24 June 2002 in area GTR 2 & 3, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, and on 7 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Melanotus communis (Gyllenhal) larvae feed on corn and adults are taken at lights (Blatchley, 1910). Fenton (1926) reported that overwintering adults are found in rotting logs and under bark and readily feed on pollen; larvae prefer wet soils and overwinter in the soil; and pupation occurs in the soil. Specimens were taken by visual survey at Boxes Point on 17 May 2003 and near Headquarters on 30 May 2003; at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, and on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters; in pitfall traps on 3 July 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area and on 20 June 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site. Melanotus similis (Kirby) has been collected in Rubus (Rosaceae) plantations and pine woods (Levesque & Levesque, 1993). This is the so-called “corn wireworm” of midwestern and southern regions. The larva is a soil predator in meadow, field, and ecotonal areas, and facultatively feeds on sprouting corn and other seeds in agricultural situations (Majka & Johnson, 2008). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point and along Wildlife Trail; at black light on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters; and in pitfall traps on 12 April 2003 in Field 25 and on 9 May 2003 near the Lodge. Melanotus spadax (Erichson) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) reported Maryland in the distribution data. Neopristilopus aethiops (Herbst) has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 8 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf and 11 July 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. 18 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Orthostethus infuscatus (Germar) adults are attracted to light (Evans, 2014). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters. Parallelostethus attenuatus (Say) has been found beneath bark of decaying Juglans, Morus (Moraceae), and other logs (Blatchley, 1910); and is commonly found in rotting logs feeding on decaying wood (Kirk, 1922). A single specimen was taken at black light in maintenance area on 25 July 2003. Pherhimus fascicularis (Fabricius) adults are attracted to lights (Evans, 2014). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2006 in area GTR 2 & 3 and on 25 July 2003 near staff residence. Family Erotylidae Tormarus pulchellus (LeConte) are found on leaves and limbs of trees and shrubs and are attracted to lights (Evans, 2014). Specimens were collected at black light on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters and on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Evans (2014) recorded the species from Ontario to Florida. Family Geotrupidae Bolbocerosoma tumefactum (Beauvois) has been taken in mushrooms (Brimley, 1938) and at lights (Howden, 1955). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap on 19 August 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Eucanthus lazarus (Fabricius) has been collected in pastures, at lights (Staines, 1984) and in flight intercept traps (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, and on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters. Family Gyrinidae Dineutus nigrior Roberts is found in lakes and ponds (Ciegler, 2003). A single specimen was taken at black light on 12 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Heteroceridae Heterocerus pallidus Say is gregarious and inhabits the immediate vicinity of permanent or temporary, flowing or stagnant, clear or murky bodies of water, where the surface of sand is covered with a thin layer of mud (Kaufmann & Stansly, 1979). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road, on 25 July in maintenance area, on 25 July 2003 near staff residence, and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Tropicus pusillus (Say) is collected on margins of ponds (Blatchley, 1910); consistently collected from intermittent creek beds, drainage ditches, and sandy ponds, attracted to lights (King & Lago, 2012). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, and on 27 July 2003 in maintenance area. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 19 Family Histeridae Atholus bimaculatus (L.) has been found in dung and decaying plant material (Majka, 2008). Specimens were taken at black light at Cedar Point on 24 July 2003 and by visual survey on 24 July 2003 near Headquarters. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) record the species from Michigan and New York. NEW STATE RECORD. Euspilotus assimilis (Paykull) is a generalist predator which occurs in many types of decomposition but most frequently in carrion (Majka, 2008). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps in Field 25 on 30 June 2003, at Hail Point on 29 July 2003, near Headquarters on 16 July 2003, at Ingleside Recreation Area on 8 July 2003, and near the Lodge on 5 August 2003. Euspilotus conformis (LeConte) is attracted to carrion (Bousquet & Laplante, 2006). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Ingleside Recreation Area on 17 June 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) give the distribution from Ontario to Georgia. Hister foedatus LeConte has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point and in pitfall traps in Field 25 and near the Lodge on 13 June 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) record this species from Maryland. Margaronotus immunis (Fabricius) has been collected under debris (Downie & Arnett, 1996); and carrion (Bousquet & Laplante, 2006). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 7 June 2003 at Boxes Point and on 8 July 2003 at Hail Point. MBP (2022) lists Margaronotus sp. Downie & Arnett (1996) record this species from Ontario to Pennsylvania. NEW STATE RECORD. Margaronotus interruptus (Beauvois) has been collected under debris (Downie & Arnett, 1996); in litter, dung, and carrion (Bousquet & Laplante, 2006). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Boxes Point on 23 June 2003. MBP (2022) lists Margaronotus sp. Downie & Arnett (1996) record this species from Maryland. Onthophilus deflectus Helava has been found in polypore fungi, leaf litter, dung, and carrion (Bousquet & Laplante, 2006). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap along Wildlife Trail on 19 April 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) record the species from Maryland. Saprinus imperfectus LeConte has been collected on carrion (Downie & Arnett, 1996). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap at Boxes Point on 21 July 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) mention records from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Saprinus pennsylvanicus Paykull has been collected on cow dung (Blume, 1985) and dead fish (Downie & Arnett, 1996). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Cedar Point on 30 May 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Evans (2014) records this coastal species from Massachusetts to Florida. Spilodiscus biplagitus (J. E. LeConte) has been collected under debris in sandy fields (Downie & Arnett, 1996). Specimens were taken by visual survey at Cedar Point on 30 May 2003 and near 20 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Headquarters on 13 June 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) give the distribution as New York to Georgia. Family Laemophloeidae Laemophloeus biguttatus Say breeds in Hypoxylon prob. atropunctatum (Schweinitz ex. Fries) Cooke (Xylariaceae) (Lawrence, 1977). A single specimen was taken at black light on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Lampyridae Lucidota atra (Olivier) has been captured in pitfall traps (Levesque & Levesque, 1997); is found in low herbage and trunks of trees in woods (Blatchley, 1910); and in open woodlands (Luk et al., 2011). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point and on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters. Photinus pyralis (L.) is found in meadows and edges of woodlands (Case, 2004). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters, on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, and on 7 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Photuris lucicrescens Barber is found in forested floodplains and adjacent upland forests (Heckscher, 2012). Specimens were taken at black light along Wildlife Trail on 7 June 2003. Photuris pensylvanicus (DeGeer) larvae are found in subterranean burrows during the day, feeding on soft-bodied insects, earthworms, and snails on the surface at night (Keiper & Solomon, 1972); has been captured in pitfall traps (Levesque & Levesque, 1997); found in high quality freshwater emergent, shrub, and floodplain peatlands (Heckscher, 2012). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point and on 7 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) reported the species from Delaware and Maryland. Pyropyga decipiens (Harris) has been taken in fields, along the margins of streams and ponds, and in Malaise traps (Barrows et al., 2008; Majka, 2012). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 4. Family Latridiidae Corticaria serrata (Paykull), an introduced species, is found in stored grains and decaying plant material (Majka et al., 2009). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 14 June 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Majka et al. (2009) reports this species from eastern Canada to Florida. Melanophthalma americana Mannerheim is found in coniferous and mixed forests (Majka et al., 2009). Specimens were taken beating vegetation at Boxes Point on 27 June 2003 and along Duck Inn Trail on 15 May 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Majka et al. (2009) reports this species from eastern Canada to Florida. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 21 Family Leiodidae Agathidium compressidens Fall is found under conifer bark and from various litter sources including maple-poplar forest, leaves, logs and bark, and a deciduous stump, ‘‘fleshy fungus’’, Arcyria denudata, and an omatricha-like slime mold (Miller & Wheeler, 2005). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap on 12 April 2003 in Field 25. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Miller & Wheeler (2005) record the species from Canada to South Carolina. Nemadus gracilicornis Fall is found in the nests of Formica exsectoides Forel. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Peck & Newton, 2017). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap on 19 April 2003 along Wildlife Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Peck & Newton (2017) record this species from Canada to New Jersey. NEW STATE RECORD. Prionochaeta opaca (Say) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap on 19 April 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Family Lucanidae Dorcus parallelus Say breeds in oak, maple, and linden logs; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3. Lucanus capreolus (L.) breeds in decaying hardwood stumps; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 27 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 12 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Melandryidae Dircaea liturata LeConte is commonly found at lights (Evans, 2014); under back of dead Pinus, in Lindgren funnel trap, and at black light (Ciegler, 2014). Specimens were taken in a pitfall trap on 23 June 2003 at Boxes Point and at black light on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3 and on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters. Family Meloidae Epicauta pennsylvanica (DeGeer) adults are found on flowers in later summer and fall; larvae are ectoparasites of grasshopper eggs (Rees, 1973). Specimens were taken by visual survey near Headquarters on 13 September 2003. Epicauta vittata Fabricius adults are found on flowers in later summer and fall; larvae are ectoparasites of grasshopper eggs (Adams & Selander, 1979). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 26 June 2003 and 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, on 8 August at Ingleside Recreation Area, on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road, and on 25 July near staff residence. 22 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Family Melyridae Collops quadrimaculata (Fabricius) is a predator on a wide variety of soft-bodied arthropods such as aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), mites (Archanida: Acari), and eggs and caterpillars (Lepidoptera) (Ellsworth et al., no date). Specimens were taken by visual survey near Headquarters on 30 May 2003. Family Mordellidae Falsomordellistena liturata (Melsheimer) has been taken on herbaceous vegetation (Lisberg & Young, 2003). Specimens were taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. Hoshihananomia octopunctata (Fabricius) adults are common on flowers of many species (Liljebald 1945; Lisberg & Young, 2003); larvae have been reared from Fagus grandifolia (Ford & Jackman, 1996); it was collected by hand, using sweep nets, and in flight intercept, Malaise, and yellow pan traps in oak savannas, oak barrens, and prairie-forest ecotones (Lisberg & Young, 2003). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Boxes Point on 25 July 2003. Mordella atrata Melsheimer adults occur on flowers of many species (Liljebald, 1945). Specimens were taken by visual survey near Headquarters on 8 August 2003. Mordellina pustulata (Melsheimer) has been reared from stems of many Asteraceae (Lisberg & Young, 2003). A single specimen was taken beating vegetation along Duck Inn Trail on 17 May 2003. Family Mycetophagidae Litargus nebulosus LeConte has been collected at black light (Ciegler, 2014). A single specimen was taken by visual survey at Boxes Point on 25 July 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Parsons (1975) records this species from Maryland. Litargus sexpunctatus (Say) has been collected at black light, in Quercus log, and dead tree trunks (Ciegler, 2014). A single specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 14 June 2003. Mycetophagus flexuosus Say has been found in hardwood forests with Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia, an old red oak (Quercus rubra) forest, mixed forests, and an old (180-year-old) red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. This species was found in partially dried Pleurotus (Pleurotaceae) species on dead, standing A. saccharum, on a dead, standing Populus tremuloides Michx., in a decayed log covered with gilled mushrooms and polypore fungi, in a pile of moldy corncobs and cornhusks, and at an ultraviolet light. Specimens were also captured in Lindgren funnel traps at several localities (Webster et al., 2012); associated with Pleurotus ostreatus Fries (Cline & Leschen, 2005). Specimens were taken around a vernal pool at Bogles Wharf on 12 April 2003. Mycetophagus punctatus Say has been found under loose bark and in polypore fungi (Majka, 2010). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps at Bogles Wharf and Boxes Point on 23 June 2003, near Headquarters on 14 June 2003, and at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 23 Mycetophagus serrulatus (Casey) adults have been collected in hardwood forests (Majka, 2010). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Typhaea stercorea L., an introduced species, is associated with corn fields and products (Majka, 2010). Specimens were taken at black light on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Nitidulidae Amphicrossus ciliatus (Olivier) is found on sap in the spring and on various flowers in the fall (Parsons, 1943). It has been captured in Lindgren funnel traps baited with either banana (Musa, Musaceae) and fermenting brown sugar or fermenting brown sugar and bread dough, or cantaloupe (Cucumis melo cantalupo Ser., Cucurbitaceae) traps, flight intercept traps, light traps, at sap flows of Quercus sp. and Acer sp., on the bark of Ulmus sp. and Quercus velutina Lamarck, and from a fleshy, gilled fungus on a standing live tree (Price & Young, 2006). Specimens were taken at black light on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters. Carpophilus lugubris Murray is attracted to a wide variety of ripe fruits or fermenting vegetable material, is a pest of Zea mays L. (Poaceae) (Connell, 1956). It has been captured in Lindgren funnel traps, baited with either fermenting brown sugar and bread dough or banana and fermenting brown sugar, cantaloupe traps, flight intercept traps, banana traps, barrier pitfall traps, Townes Malaise traps, recently cut stumps/sawdust of Acer sp., banana, a rotting fruit pile, a leaf litter sample, dried melon, flowers of Prunus americana Marshall (Rosaceae), scat on fallen tree, and decaying tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) (Price & Young, 2006). Specimens were taken by visual survey near staff residence on 26 July 2003. Carpophilus marginatus Erichson adults are associated with cut oak (Parsons, 1943). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 7 June 2003 near Headquarters. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Parsons (1943) reports this species from New York to Florida. Carpophilus melanopterus Erichson feeds on various species of Yucca (Asparagaceae) (Connell, 1956). Specimens were taken feeding on Yucca flowers near Headquarters on 8 June 2002. Cryptarcha ampla Erichson has been collected from sap of Acer and Salix (Parsons, 1943); at sap flows of Quercus and Carya, in fungi, at lights (Downie & Arnett, 1996); in oak wilt fungal mats (Bretziella fagacearum (Bretz) de Boer, Marincowitz, Ducha, & Wingfield, Ceratocystidaceae) (Cease & Juzwik 2001); fresh oak wounds (Juzwik et al., 2004); on Quercus rubra (Majka & Cline, 2006); in Lindgren funnel traps baited with banana or bread dough and fermenting brown sugar (the most successful strategy), cantaloupe traps, flight intercept traps, human dung/malt/molasses pitfall traps, light traps, Malaise traps, soil at the base of a fermenting oak tree wound, a willow tree damaged by a species of Sternochetus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on rotting Prunus perisica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae), reared from the stem of a Asclepias syriaca L. (Asclepiadaceae) (Price & Young, 2006). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters, on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. 24 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Eupraea rufa (Say) is found in leaf litter, at sap, in fungi, on tree bark, on driftwood, and reared from fallen seeds of Acer saccharum Marsh. (Parsons, 1943; Price & Young, 2006). A single specimen was taken at black light on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters. Glischrochilus obtusus (Say) has been found on sap flows on hardwood trees (Vogt, 1950). Specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Meligathes nigrescens Stephens adults are found in the flowers of numerous plants (Connell, 1956). Specimens were abundant in various flowers near Headquarters on 17 May 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) record the species from Maryland. Pocadius helvolus Erichson is associated with fungi (Connell, 1956). Specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) record the species from Ontario to Florida. Prometopia sexmaculata (Say) has been found on sap of various trees and overwinters beneath bark (Parsons, 1943); in flight intercept traps, at blacklight, from Lindgren funnel traps, and beneath the bark of Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill and Q. velutina (Price & Young, 2006). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 21 August along Duck Inn Trail, on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Stelidota geminata (Say) feeds on the ripe fruit of Fragaria (Rosaceae), Prunus persica, and other plants (Weber & Connell, 1975; Williams et al., 1996); in flight intercept traps, human dung/malt/molasses-baited pitfall traps, cantaloupe traps, Lindgren funnel traps baited with banana and brown sugar, rotting fruit, under scat, in leaf litter, and from a large shelf fungus growing on an old growth (100+ year old) maple tree (Price & Young, 2006). Specimens were taken at black light on 22 August 2003 at Boxes Point, on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters, and on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area; in pitfall traps on 19 April 2003 in Field 25, on 17 June 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site, and on 19 April 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Family Oedemeridae Alloxacis dorsalis (Melsheimer) has an unknown biology. A single specimen was taken at black light near the staff residence on 25 July 2003. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Arnett (1951) records this species from Maryland. Nacerdes melanura (L.), an introduced species, breeds in driftwood and pilings in fresh and brackish water (Arnett, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point and by visual survey near Headquarters on 24 June 2003. Family Passalidae Odontotaenius disjunctus (Illiger) is found in decaying logs (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road and in a pitfall trap on 7 June 2003 near the Lodge. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 25 Family Passandridae Catogenus rufus (Fabricius) larvae are ectoparasites of Cerambycidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) pupae (Evans, 2014). A single specimen was taken peeling bark on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Family Phalacridae Olibrus sp. specimens we could not place to species using existing keys were taken at black light on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters, on 8 August 2003 in Ingleside Recreation Area, and by visual survey on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Stilbus apicalis (Melsheimer) has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters. Stilbus sp. a single specimen we could not place to species using existing keys was taken in a pitfall trap on 19 April 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Family Ptilodactylidae Anchytarsus bicolor (Melsheimer) adults have been collected in leaf litter at the margins of streams and at lights (LeSage & Harper, 1976). Specimens were taken at black light on 7 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Stribling (1986) records the species from Quebec to Georgia. Ptilodactyla sp. female specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters, and on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Ptinidae Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) is a common pest of many stored products (Arango & Young, 2012). Specimens were found in numbers at black light along Wildlife Trail on 7 June 2003. Family Pyrochoridae Dendroides canadensis Latreille is found under loose bark (Downie & Arnett, 1996) and at black light (Ciegler, 2014). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Neopyrochroa femoralis (LeConte) is found under bark and by beating vegetation (Downie & Arnett, 1996) and at black light (Ciegler, 2014). Specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail and on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3. Family Scarabaeidae Anomala binotata (Gyllenhal) is found on foliage and is attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light from 26 June to 8 August 2003 at Boxes Point, Cedar Point, 26 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Field 25, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, along Ingleside Road, and near staff residence. Anomala marginata (Fabricius) is found in pastures (Potts, 1977). Specimens were taken at black light from 26 June to 21 August 2003 at Cedar Point, along Duck Inn Trail, near Headquarters, in maintenance area, near staff residence, Wicke’s Historic Site, and along Wildlife Trail. Ataenius figurator Harold has been found at light, in sheep manure, and carrion (Harpootlian, 2001). Specimens were taken at black light on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Staines (1984) records this species from Maryland. Ataenius imbricatus (Melsheimer) is attracted to light and found in dung (Harpootlian, 2001). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters. Ataenius spretulus (Haldeman) has been taken in dung, fungi, on dead cicada, and at light (Staines, 1984); hand collected in flight from cultivated grasses (sports fields, golf courses, lawns) (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 8 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf and on 26 June 2003 near Headquarters; and at black light on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Ateuchus histeroides Weber has been collected in dung, fungi, dead fish, and at light; it is most common in wooded areas (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters. Blackburneus stercocorsus (Melsheimer) has been collected in dung and at lights (Staines, 1984); in pitfall traps baited with human or pig dung, and in leaf litter near a fallen tree in mesic hardwood forest (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area, on 25 July 2003 in maintenance area, on 25 July 2003 near staff residence, and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Copris minutus (Drury) has been found in dung, carrion, and is attracted to light (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps and by visual survey from 12 April to 29 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Field 25, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, and along Ingleside Road. Cyclocephala lurida Bland is a pest of turfgrass (Potter & Braman, 1991); adults have been taken in Japanese beetle traps and at light (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road, and 25 July 2003 near staff residence. Diplotaxis liberta (Germar) has been found on poplar roots and at light (Vaurie, 1960). Specimens were taken at black light on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail. Dynastes tityus Linnaeus feeds in decaying logs and is taken at light (Glaser, 1976). A single male specimen was taken at black light near Headquarters on 25 July 2003. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 27 Dyscinetus morator (Fabricius) has been taken at lights and remains in the area hiding under debris during the day (Woodruff, 1970), feeds on Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae) (Anonymous, 1953), Digitaria decumbens Stent. (Poaceae) (Anonymous, 1956), Caladium x hortulanum (Araceae), Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. (Ericaceae) (Woodruff, 1970), Zea mays L. (Poaceae) (Anonymous, 1980), Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae), Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae), Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae) (Foster et al., 1986), Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solm (Pontederiaceae) and is associated with wet soils and marshy areas (Buckingham & Bennett, 1989). Numerous specimens were taken at black light from 29 May to 8 August 2003 at Boxes Point, Cedar Point, along Duck Inn Trail, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, along Ingleside Road, near staff residence, and along Wildlife Trail. Hoplia trifasciata Say has been taken on Salix (Salicaceae), Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae), oak, and rosaceous flowers (Staines, 1984). A single specimen was taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Maladera castanea (Arrow), an introduced species, has been collected on the foliage of many plants and at lights (Hawley & Hallock, 1936; Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light and pitfall traps from 26 June to 8 August 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Cedar Point, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, along Ingleside Road, in maintenance area, and near staff residence. Onthophagus hecate (Panzer) has been collected in dung, fungi, carrion, rotten vegetables, malt traps, and at light (Howden & Cartwright, 1963); in pitfall traps baited with carrion or human or pig dung, and in flight intercept traps (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps from 24 May to 13 September 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Field 25, Hail Point, near Headquarters, and near the Lodge, Onthophagus orpheus (Panzer) has been found in dung, bird and mammal nests, and at malt traps (Howden & Cartwright, 1963). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap on 19 August 2003 in Ingleside Recreation Area. Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold has been found on dung, carrion, and fungi (Howden & Cartwright, 1963). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 13 June 2003 in Field 25 and on 29 July 2003 in Wicke’s Historic Site. Onthophagus striatulus (Beauvois) has been found in dung, fungi, and carrion (Howden & Cartwright, 1963). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 30 June 2003 at Boxes Point and on 19 August 2003 near Headquarters. Onthophagus subaeneus (Beauvois) is rarely collected and is associated with rabbit dung (Harpootlian, 2001). It is known from Pennsylvania to Florida and west to Texas (Harpootlian, 2001) but was not included in Staines (1984). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 20 June 2003 in Ingleside Recreation Area, on 27 August along Ingleside Road, and on 29 July 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site. 28 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Oscarinus rusicola (Melsheimer) has been collected in dung and at light (Gordon, 1983); in pitfall traps baited with human or pig dung, and in flight intercept traps (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail, on 26 June in area GTR 2 & 3, on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters, on 27 June 2003 in Ingleside Recreation Area, and on 30 May 2003 and 7 June 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Osmoderma eremicola (Knoch) has been found in rotten logs and is attracted to lights (Blatchley, 1910; Staines, 1984). A single specimen was taken in a pitfall trap on 19 August 2003 at Boxes Point. Parataenius simulator Harold is found at lights (Harpootlian, 2001). A single specimen was taken at black light on 25 July 2003 near staff residence. Pelidnota punctata (Linnaeus) has been collected on Vitis (Vitaceae) (Blatchley, 1910); at light (Staines, 1984); three adults were reared from pupae found in an unidentified, very decayed tree stump (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken at black light from 26 June to 25 July 2003 at Cedar Point, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, in maintenance area, and near staff residence. Phyllophaga anxia (LeConte) has been collected from the leaves of Fagus, Betula, Cornus (Cornaceae), Ulmus, Juglans, and Salix (Luginbill & Painter, 1953); in cranberry beds (Katovich et al., 1998); at UV light and in turf grasses and irrigated silvicultural sites (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken at black light on 29 May 2003 at Boxes Point, on 25 July 2003 near Headquarters, and 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trai. Phyllophaga fusca (Frolich) has been collected on the foliage of many hardwood trees (Luginbill & Painter, 1953). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3. Phyllophaga futilis (LeConte) has been collected from the leaves of Fagus, Betula, Ulmus, Acer (Aceraceae), Morus (Moraceae), Juglans, and Salix (Luginbill & Painter, 1953); at light; adults are common in gardens and at porch lights (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 8 July 2003 in Ingleside Recreation Area. Phyllophaga hirticula (Knoch) has been collected from the leaves of Fagus, Betula, Ulmus, Lonicera, Magnolia (Magnoliaceae), Rosa, and Salix (Luginbill & Painter, 1953); at light (Kriska & Young, 2002). Specimens were taken at black light from 29 May to 21 August 2003 at Boxes Point, Cedar Point, along Duck Inn Trail, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, Wicke’s Historic Site, and along Wildlife Trail. Phyllophaga latifrons (LeConte) has been collected from the leaves of Fagus and Juglans and in Japanese beetle traps (Luginbill & Painter, 1953). Specimens were taken at black light from 14 June to 25 July 2003 at Cedar Point, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, and in maintenance area. Serica peregrina Chapin is attracted to light (Staines, 1984). A single specimen was taken at black light on 30 May 2005 along Wildlife Trail. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 29 Serica serica Illiger is attracted to light (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light and pitfall traps from 12 April to 25 July 2003 at Boxes Point, in Field 25, area GTR 2 & 3, near staff residence, and along Wildlife Trail. Serica vespertina Gyllenhal has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken at black light from 9 May to 25 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, in maintenance area, and along Wildlife Trail. Tomarus gibbosus (DeGeer) has been collected on plant roots and at light (Woodruff, 1973). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters; on 27 June 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area; and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Tomarus relictus (Say) has been found under rubbish and is attracted to light (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken at black light on 14 June 2003 near Headquarters and on 8 August 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Scirtidae Contacyphon neopadi (Klausnitzer) is sometimes common on vegetation in swamps and bogs (Downie & Arnett, 1996, as Cyphon padi (L.)); and is attracted to black light (Ciegler, 2003). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 17 May 2003 at Bogles Wharf and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail; taken at black light on 21 August 2003 along Duck Inn Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Downie & Arnett (1996) reports the species from Ontario to Florida. Contacyphon variabilis (Thunberg) has been collected sweeping vegetations in bogs (Young, 1988). Specimens were taken at black light and by visual survey from 30 May to 27 June 2003 at Boxes Point, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, and along Wildlife Trail. Nyholmia collaris (Guérin) adults are found resting on vegetation (Evans, 2014). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 17 May 2003 along Duck Inn Trail and at Bogles Wharf, and on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Sarabandus robustus (LeConte) has an unknown biology. Specimens were taken at black light from 14 June to 21 August 2003 at Boxes Point, Cedar Point, along Duck Inn Trail, area GTR 2 & 3, Ingleside Recreation Area, and maintenance area. Scirtes orbiculatus (Fabricius) adults are found on vegetation in wetlands (Evans, 2014). Specimens were taken at black light from 30 May to 8 August 2003 at Cedar Point, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, and along Wildlife Trail. Family Scraptiidae Pentaria trifasciata (Melsheimer) adults are found on the flowers of trees and shrubs (Evans, 2014). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point and on 25 July 2003 30 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) near Headquarters. Family Silphidae Necrophila americana (Linnaeus) may be found on carrion or fungi during the day and is equally active in wooded and exposed areas (Cole, 1942; Shubeck, 1971). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps and by visual survey from 13 June to 27 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Field 25, Hail Point, near Headquarters, and Ingleside Recreation Area. Nicrophorus investigator Zetterstedt is active throughout the day and is found from mid-June until frost (Anderson & Peck, 1985). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps on 3 July 2003 near Headquarters and on 13 August 2003 along Wildlife Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Anderson & Peck (1985) record the species as widely distributed in eastern North America. Nicrophorus orbicollis Say is nocturnal and more commonly found on cold-blooded carrion (Shubeck, 1976). Anderson (1982) found this species more commonly in forested areas and is attracted to light. Specimens were taken in pitfall traps, by visual survey, and at black light from 9 May to 16 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Field 25, area GTR 2 & 3, Hail Point, Ingleside Recreation Area, near the Lodge, Wicke’s Historic Site, and along Wildlife Trail. Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel is one of the rarer North American species (Anderson & Peck, 1985). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point. Nicrophorus tomentosus Weber is a diurnal species which is found on carrion of all types (Staines, 1987b). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps from 13 June to 29 July 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Hail Point, along Ingleside Road, and along Wildlife Trail. Oiceoptoma inaequale (Fabricius) is a diurnal species which may be found year-round in carrion especially in exposed locations (Cole, 1942; Shubeck, 1971). Specimens were found on dead bluebird chicks in nest box on 9 May 2003 at Ingleside Recreation Area. Family Staphylinidae Scaphidium quadriguttatum Say has been found on Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (Polyporaceae) (Weiss & West, 1920). Specimens were taken by visual survey on 30 May 2003 at Cedar Point and on 14 August 2003 at Wicke’s Historic Site. Family Synchroidae Synchroa punctata Newman has been found in both coniferous and deciduous forests, collected with flight-intercept traps (Bouchard & Pollock, 2006); found on Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae) (Dearborn & Donahue, 1993). Larvae feed on fungal material and rotting wood (Payne, 1931). Specimens were taken at black light on 24 July 2003 at Cedar Point, on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3, and on 8 August 2003 along Ingleside Road. The Coleoptera of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge 31 Family Tenebrionidae Alobates pennsylvanica (DeGeer) has been taken on fungi, under bark, at UV light, in deciduous forest, oak savanna, and oak barrens (Dunford & Young, 2004). Specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Arthromacra aenea (Say) adults have been beaten from the foliage of shrubs and trees, usually along the borders of marshes (Blatchley, 1910). Larvae feed on plant debris and are found under bark and in stumps (Majka et al., 2008). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3 and along Wildlife Trail on 7 May 2003. Isomira quadristriata Couper has been found under debris and on bark (Dunford & Young, 2004) and at black light (Ciegler, 2014). Specimens were found in numbers at black light along Wildlife Trail on 7 June 2002. Neomida bicornis (Fabricius) has been collected on fungi, under bark, at UV light, in deciduous forest, pine plantation, sand prairie (Triplehorn, 1965); associated with Pleurotus ostreatus (Cline & Leschen, 2005); and Trametes sp. (Epps & Arnold, 2010). Specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. Family Trogidae Omorgus monochus (Herbst) has been found in carrion and bird nests; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps and at black light from 30 May to 8 August 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Cedar Point, Field 25, area GTR 2 & 3, Hail Point, Ingleside Recreation Area, maintenance area, near staff residence, and along Wildlife Trail. Omorgus suberosus (Fabricius) has been found in carrion, dung, and feathers; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). A single specimen was taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point. Trox aequalis Say has been found in bird and mammal nests (Vaurie, 1955). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 in area GTR 2 & 3 and near Headquarters. Trox scaber L. has been found in bird and mammal nests and carrion; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). A single specimen was found dead at the Lodge on 16 May 2003. Trox spinulosus Robinson has been found in carrion and owl pellets; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps and at black light from 9 May to 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point, Cedar Point, Field 25, area GTR 2 & 3, near Headquarters, Ingleside Recreation Area, Wicke’s Historic Site, and along Wildlife Trail. Trox tuberulatus DeGeer has been found in owl pellets and carrion (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps and at black light from 30 May to 7 August 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Cedar Point, and along Wildlife Trail. 32 Staines & Staines / Banisteria 57: 1–44 (2023) Trox variolatus Melsheimer has been found in carrion, dung, and owl pellets; adults are attracted to lights (Staines, 1984). Specimens were taken in pitfall traps and at black light from 12 April to 7 June 2003 at Bogles Wharf, Boxes Point, Field 25, Hail Point, near Headquarters, and Wicke’s Historic Site. Family Trogossitidae Tenebriodes americanus Kirby has been found under the bark of many trees, adults are active at night and are attracted to lights (Barron, 1971; White, 1983). Other species in the genus are predaceous (Drooz, 1985). Adults have been collected in baited Lindgren funnel traps (Schoeller & Allison, 2013). Specimens were taken at black light on 26 June 2003 at Boxes Point and area GTR 2 & 3. Tenebroides mauritanicus Linnaeus is a predator of insects attacking stored grain (Barron, 1971). Specimens were taken at black light on 30 May 2003 along Wildlife Trail. MBP (2022) does not list this species. Barron (1971) records this species throughout North America. Family Zopheridae Endeitoma granulata (Say) is found near the ground under loose bark of conifers and hardwoods (Stephan, 1989) and at black light (Ciegler, 2014). A single specimen was taken at black light on 25 July 2003 near headquarters. DISCUSSION These 278 species in 51 families indicate a diverse and abundant beetle fauna. This brings the total number of species documented from Eastern Neck Island to 400 in 54 families (Staines & Staines, 2005, 2012). Due to time and resource limitations, the family Staphylinidae has not been identified but specimens are deposited in both the Eastern Neck and Smithsonian collections. Our hope had been that this inventory would provide the baseline data to justify a long- term study of the beetles on Eastern Neck Island. The data gathered will still be useful to any future project on the beetles of Eastern Neck. Publishing it is making the results available for any future worker to study changes in the beetle fauna in this time of global insect decline (Wagner, 2020). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for the inventory work was from grants from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the Friends of Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge. We thank Marty Kaehny, Refuge Manager, who participated in each aspect of the field work, and Meg Walkup for coordination and logistical support. We especially thank the 42 volunteers who assisted with the inventory work and were so encouragingly enthusiastic. Brent Steury, National Park Service, George Washington Memorial Parkway, provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. 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