A REVIEW OF THE OPHIDIOID FISHES OF JAPAN,By David Starr Jordan and Henry W. Fowler,0/ (he Leiund Stanford Junior Unh-ersilii.In the present paper the writers give descriptions of the fishes ofJapan helonging to the Zom-cida^, OpJddiidx, 5rorf(^*, and relatedfamilies, known as Ophidioidea. The material exammed is that col-lected bv Jordan and Snyder in 1900, with that belonging to the U.S National IVIuseum, together with certain specimens collected ])y theU. S. Fish Commission steamer Alhatross. The plates are drawn byMr. William S. Atkinson.Group OPHIDIOIDEA.This o-roup, as a whole, agrees with the Blemiioidea in all respects,except 5iat no spines are developed in any of the fins, save sometime^in the posterior part of the dorsal. From the Anaca^Uhmi, with whichthe OpJddioidea agree in the jugular ventrals and in the absence otspines, they are separated by the form of the hypercoracoid, which isperforate, as in ordinary fishes. The group is a very large and variecone widelv distributed in all seas. The characters here used are allsuperficial', no comparative study of- the skeletons having l>een made.a Pseudobranchia^ well developed, very rarely small or obsolete.h. Ventral fins jugular, inserted much behind the eye, often wantnig, never fila-mentous. ^ , ,.c Gill-membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus; ventrals wantmg.CONGROGADID.F,, 1.cc Gill-membranes united to the isthmus, the gill-openings lateral . Zoarcid.f., II.hh. Ventral fins developed as slender filaments attached at the throat not farbehind eye.c Gill-membranes nearly separate, free from the isthmus; body scaly.Ophidiid.e, 1\ .aa. Pseudol)ranchice absent (or rudimentary in some Brotulkhr).f Ventral fins wanting; no scales; vent at the throat. Carapid.e, III.ff Ventral fins well developed; vent posterior, normal; dorsal fin smgle,low; ventral fins short. Brotulid-E, ^ .Family I. CONGROGADID.E.Bodv elongate, compressed, naked, or covered with very small scales.Head compressed. Mouth moderate. Horizontal, the lower jaw thelono-er- teeth moderate, no barbels. Gills 4, a slit behind the fourth;Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXV-No. 1 303. 743
"Ij^ PfiOCEEDINGS OF THE NA TTONA L MVRFAm.pseudobranchiffi present. Gill membranes more orlil^oaclly connected free from the isthmus. Dorsal fin long- and low, beo-mnin^rnear the tip of the pectoral or the middle of body, of slender jomtedrays; anal smiilar to dorsal, both connected with the caudal'fin- tailtaperm^; pectoral fins small ; ventral fins wantmg. Vent remote fromthe head without papilla. Vertebra, numerous. As here understoodthis family consists of a few species of shore fishes of the Pacific.a. Body covered with small .cales; tail pointed, the dorsal and anal united aroundIt; a short superior lateral line al.out I the length of the l,ody. Hknchthys, 1.1. HIERICHTHYS Jordan and Fowler, new genus.Hierirhfh,/s Johdax and Fowler, new genus {encryptes).Body elongate, compressed, formed much as in 7%oZ/.v, covered withsmall, smooth scales; a short superior lateral line about ^ the lenj^thot the body; head compressed, rather pointed, the lower jaw project-ing; mouth moderate, with a single series of strong, moderately largeteeth in each jaw. Dorsal and anal low, continuous, of soft slenderrays only, fully united with the caudal fin around the pointed tail-insertion of dorsal not far behind the nape; pectorals well developed-no ventrals. Japan.{iepov^ a temple, the Greek cognate of J/u/alo. the - Temple Island "where the type species was found.)I. HIERICHTHYS ENCRYPTES Jordan .and Fowler, new species.Head Oi; depth 10; D. 75; A. 04; P. 10; scales about 82 in a lateralseries, about 30 m a vertical series in the middle of the body headIj in the trunk; head and trunk a little less than twice in tail;'depthof body If in head; eye U in snout, 4f in head, 2 in maxillarv;snout 3^ in head; maxillary 2^; pectorals about 3^.
Fig. 1?HIERICHTHYS kncryptes.Body elongate, deep, and laterally compressed. Head greatlv com-pressed laterally, so that it is little broader than the bodv; the snoutsharply pointed and the lower jaw projecting; eves lateraf, rather closetogether; interorbital space a little more than half the eve, and convex-nostrils on the sides of the snout, the posterior verv near' the front mar-gin of eye; maxillary long and reaching the middle of the eye- teethmoderate^' large, strong, and in a single series in each jaw; tongtie lono-and pointed, free in front; lips rather broad and thick. Gill-openino-svery broad, the membrane forming a free fold over the isthmus "
Ko. 1303. JAPANESE OPBIDIOW FmHES-JORDANAN^ FOWLER. 745
"^HeacTnaked, except the cheeks and upper portion of the opercles,which too-ether with the body, are covered with small cycloid scalesDorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, the latter terminating- ma pointmedianly, low, and of more or less uniform height; origin of dorsalLr posterior part of pectoral: pectorals short. Lateral line shortstraight, not distinct, running high, traceal.le as far as the origin of
^^Colm-' in alcohol pale brown with traces of darker mottlings andblotches; tins darker brown; a brown spot on opercle.Length, 4tV inches (112 millimeters). , i t ?Tvn<' ?No 7120, Ichthyological Collections, Leland Stanford JuniorUniversity Museum. A single specimen, No. 613 of Ishikawa's cata-logue, from the island of Myiako-shima in the Riu Km. Presentedby the Imperial Museum of Tokyo.[evKpVTtTi/g, one hidden.)yamWy IL ZOARCID.E.EELP0UT8.Bodv elongate, more or less eel-shaped, naked or covered with very
.mall, 'embedded, cycloid scales; head large; mouth large, with conicalteeth in jaws, and Sometimes on vomer and palatines; l)ones of headunarmed. Gill-membranes l)roadly united to the isthmus, the gill-openinu- reduced to a vertical slit; pseudoln-anchia. present; giUs 4, aslit behind the fourth. Dorsal and anal fins very long, of soft raysonlv or the dorsal with a few spines in its posterior portion; verticalfin^ sometimes confluent around the tail; pectorals snuill; ventralsiuo-ular verv small or wanting; if present, inserted behind the eye.Lateral line' obsolete or little developed, sometimes bent downwardbehind pectorals, sometimes sending a branch on median line back-ward. Gill-rakers small; pyloric ca^ca rudimentary; vent not nearhead Pseudobranchife present. Genera about 15; species oO Bot-tom fishes, chieflv of the Arctic and Antarctic seas; .some of them atleast are viviparous, and some descend to considerable depths. Dr.Gill thus enumerates the skeletal characters of the Zo<mud^:Orbito-rostral portion of the cranium contracted and shorter thanthe posterior, the cranial cavity open in front, but bounded laterallybv the expansion of the annectant parasphenoid and frontals, with thesupraoccipital declivious and tectiform behind, the occipitals aboveinclined forward along the sides of the supraoccipital, and theexoccip-ital condyles distant, with the hypercoracoid forammate al^out its cen-ter and the hypocoracoid with an inferior process convergent to theproscapula. These characters are formulated from the skeleton ofZoarces mig^iillorw.a. Zoarcin^: Dorsal fin low behind, some of its posterior rays short ^^^^^^^ventrals small; scales present; teeth strong, conic, m jaws only; latual hnepresent along middle of side.
746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv.aa. Dorsal fin continuous, of soft rays only Zoarces, 2.h. Lycodin:c: Ventral fins present.c. Vomer and palatines with teeth; lower jaws without Ijarbels; dorsal finwithout sculptured scutes at base; body slender, the depth 12 to 20 inthe length; lateral line lateral in position; pectoral fin with rounded out-lines, the lower rays not greatly produced LycencJielys, 3.bh. Ventral fins entirely wanting.d. (iynmelinx: Teeth moderate, nearly uniform on jaws, vomer, and palatines;body scaly; body compressed, not very slender; skull cavernous.Bothrocara, 4.2. ZOARCES Cuvier.Enchelyopufi Klein, Ichthyologia, Missus, IV, 1747, p. 52 (non-binomial; not oiBloch and Schneiders A'/imoHemMs Gill).Zoarces Cuvier, Regne Animal, 2d ed., II, 1829, p. 175 {viviparus)
.
Zoarchus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class'n Fishes, II, 1839, p. 283 {viviparus).Enchelyopus Gihh, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 258 {viviparus; not of Blochand Schneider).Macrozoarces Gihh, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, p. 258 {aDijmUaris).Bod}^ elongate, compressed, tapering- posteriorly; head oblong-,heavy, narrowed above, the profile deeurved; mouth large; teethstrong, conic, bluntish in 2 series in the front of each jaw and 1 serieson the sides; teeth in outer series larger; no teeth on vomer or pala-tines; dorsal fin very long, low, some of its posterior ra3^s much lowerthan the others, developed as sharp spines; pectoral fins broad; ven-trals jugular, of 3 or 4 soft rays; scales small, not imbricated, embeddedin the skin; lateral line slender, lateral in position; size large; speciesviviparous. The American and Asiatic species (subgenus Maciyjzoarces)difler from the European type of Zoarces Cuvier, in the increasednumber of fin rays and vertebra?. In Zoarces viviparus (Linnajus), theEuropean eelpout, the dorsal rays are about 100, the anal about 85,and the number of vertebrte is proportionally diminished.[ZcoapKTjg, viviparous.)
2. ZOARCES ELONGATUS Kner.Zoarces sp. Kner, Neue Fische, Godeffroy Mus., 1865, p. 13; Decastris Bay,Manchuria.Zoarces elongcdus Kner, Sitzungsber. Akad. AViss. Wien, 1868, p. 52, pi. vii, fig. 2;Okhotsk Sea (No. 1502 Wien. Mus.).Head Oi to 6f ; depth 9 to Hi; D. 80 to 86-VII to XVI-28 to30; A. 95 to 98, or more; P. 20; depth of body If to If in head;eye 4 to 7; snout 3| to 5i; maxillary 2i to 8i; pectoral li to li;head 1^ to li in trunk; head and trunk 1| to If in tail.Body rather stout, compressed, elongate, and tapering to a pointbehind. Head oblong, compressed; snout bkuit, very obtuse, convex,and rounded; eyes small, anterior, lateral in position, and much largerin the j^oung; nostrils on the sides of the snout, small, and nearer the
NO. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDTOID FISHES?JORDANAND FOWT.ER. 747tip of the snout than the eye; lips very broad and flesh}^; month large,the niaxillarv a little be3'ond the eye; teeth short, conical, roundedabove, and in a single series in the upper, and in two series in thelower jaw in front; tongue very broad, thick, rounded, and littlefree in front. Gill openings large, the isthmus broad, and the gill-membranes joined to it.Head, pectorals, region around ventrals, dorsal and anal anteriorly,naked; scales of body very small, round, numerous, and cycloid;small scales upon the basal portions of the dorsal and anal posteriorly.Dorsal beginning before the gill-opening, highest anteriorly, alsohigher than the anal, continuous with the caudal and anal, and with asmall lower spinous portion, the origin of which is distant from thetip of the caudal about the length of the head; caudal small andpointed; pectoral broad, and the lower rays thick and fleshy; ventralsjugular, their insertion directly behind the margin of the preopercu-lum, and their length a trifle greater than the eye. Lateral line obsoleteafter the middle of the bod3^Color in alcohol dark brown; edge of dorsal blackish brown, and theflu and ])ack with al)out 18 deep-brown A-^^haped marks, below which,on the sides, are a series of deep-brown blotches; a narrow streakfrom the eye backward; scales rather pale.Length 12^ inches (31 millimeters).The specimen from which the above description is taken wasobtained at Iwani, in Shiribeshi, Hokkaido.A specimen from Hakodate, in the nmseum at Hakodate, has 105dorsal rays, the spinous part short; bod}- with about 21 dark cross-bands, A'shaped, and each with a spot below; pectorals nearl}^ as long-as head; ventrals very short; mouth large, extending to middle of eye.In a specimen from Sagalin Island, presented by the ImperialMuseum of Japan, the dorsal has 87-VI-28 rays and spines.In our smallest example, from Tishima, Hokkaido, the spinous finis very long, of XIV spines, farther from the tip of the tail than thelength of the head, about the fifth, sixth, and seventh dorsal raysabove, a deep-brown round spot; scales small; length -tf inches (121millimeters).In spite of the variation exhibited in these specimens, they do notappear to us to ]ustify specific distinction.{elongatus; elongate.)3. LYCENCHELYS Gill.Lycenchelys GiLh, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, p. 110 {mursena).This genus contains small and very slender species, diflering fromLycodes in the elongation of the body, the depth being from K) to 20times in the length. The lateral line is single and median in allknown species. The genus is very close to Lycodes^ but the position
748 PROCEEDINGS! OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.of the lateral line sufficiently defines it, especially in connection withthe slender, eel-like form.{XvKog, wolf; fVjf/lt's-, eel.)3. LYCENCHELYS PCECILIMON Jordan and Fowler, new species.Head 5^; depth 13; I). KIT; A. 90; P. IT; depth of body 2| in head;snout 4|; eye 3|; maxillar}^ 2; pectoral 1|; head a little over 1 intrunk; head and trunk li in tail.Body elonoate, the depth more or less uniform, greatest behindhead, and the trunk tapering behind; compressed, and the width ofthe head greater than the greatest width of the body. Head elongate,oblong; snout rather blunt, olituse, and convex above; eyes large,elongated, anterior, somewhat directed upward, very close togetherand greater than the snout; lips moderately broad; mouth large, themaxillary reaching a little beyond the posterior margin of the eye;teeth rather large, strong, pointed, and in a single series in each jaw,
ifv,*,-^ ___ .
^"^^^^^^^^^^^^si^^^^^^^^^"^""^^V.^\<r^^\^4^
Fig. 2.?LYCENCHELYS PCECILIMON.those of the upper jaw the larger; tongue thick, rounded, ratherlong, and not free in front. Gill-openings large, lateral, the mem-branes broadl}' united to the isthmus.Head naked, also the nape, region about ventrals, and pectorals;body covered with small, round cycloid scales; the greater portion ofthe basal parts of the vertical fins posteriori}^ with small scales.Dorsal almost over the base of the pectoral but posterior to the gill-opening, and, like the anal, uniform in height to near the end of thetail, which is bluntly pointed; pectorals moderatel,y broad and pointed;ventrals thoracic, rather slender, about equal to eye. Lateral lineobsolete, a trace running along the middle of the sides.Color in alcohol pale brown; sides with 11 H -shaped, deep-brownmarkings extending on the vertical fins, posteriorly these lose themiddle and upper connecting bars and form about 8 deep-brownvertical bars; upper surface of head brownish, with several obliquebars across, one from the e^'e; lips blackish brown above; lower surfaceof the trunk, pectorals, ventrals, and anterior portion of anal pale.
NO. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDAN AND FO WLER. 749Length 5|f inches (150 millimeter.s).Ti/jje.?No. 50578, U. S. National Museum.Locality, Station 3708, off Kinkwazan in Matsushima Ba}', where itwas dredg-ed by the U. S. Fish Commission stemiicr Albafro--<.s.This species is known to us from the t3'^pe described aboA'e, andanother small specimen, cotypical, is No. 7121, Ichthy ?logical Collec-tions, Leland Stanford Junior University.(TTOiKiXei/dGJv^ in varied garb.)4. BOTHROCARA Bean.Bothrocara Beas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.; 1S90, p. :iS {mollis).Body elongate, compressed, semitranslucent, covered with smallscales; small teeth in jaws and on vomer and palatines; mucous poresabout head largeh" dev^eloped, no v^entral fins; dorsal and anal joinedto caudal. Deep-sea fishes allied to Lt/codes, but lacking ventrals.{/SoSpo^, cavity; Kcxpa, head.)
4. BOTHROCARA ZESTA Jordan and Fowler, new species.Head 5; depth 8|: D. 112; A. }?2; P. 17; eye t>i in head; 2 in snout;1| in interorbital space; 2| in maxillary; snout 3i in head; maxillary2i in head: depth of head Ij its length; pectoral 2 in head; head 1 intrunk; head and trunk li in tail; width at corners of mouth 8 in head.
Fig. 0.?Bothkocara zesta.Body elongate, greatly compressed, and tapering to a point. Headver}' broad, its breadth If in its length; large muciferous cavitiescovered with rather strong soft membrane; eye rather small, high,and l)efore the center of the length of the head; maxillar}^ large andreaching to below the posterior part of the eye; teeth in the upperjaw in two series, the outer the larger; teeth in lower jaw in a singleseries on the sides and in front with several series forming a ratherlarge patch about the symphysis; palatine and vomerine teeth in asingle series; tongue rather large, thick, rounded, and free in front;nostrils each in a small tube nearer the tip of the snout than the eyeand a tritie nearer each other than the interorbital space; interorbitalspace rather convex; snout produced, rounded; lips fleshy; upper jawproduced beyond the lower. Gill-opening large, the gill-membranerather narrowl}- joined to the isthnuis; pseudobranchia? a few small
750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.filaments; gill-rakers rather numerous and of moderate size; braneh-iostegals strong and 6 in number.Head naked, the body covered with very small round cycloid scales.Dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, the latter terminating in a sharppoint; origin of the dorsal a little behind the base of the pectoral; ipectoral broad and pointed. Lateral line absent.
,Color in alcohol plain brown, each scale on the body a little lighter;pectorals pale with their basal portions brownish; gill openings blackinside.Length, ID inches (482 millimeters). '2y7>^.?No. 50576, U. S. National Museum.Locality, Station 3696, Sagami Ba}^ from the U. S. Fish Conmiissionsteamer Alhdtrosx dredgings.Cotypes from Station 3696, in Sagami Bay, where they were dredgedby the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Alhatross, are in the LelandStanford Junior University.This species is very close to BotJirocara moJlls of Bean, and is dis-tinguished chiefly by the increased number of dorsal and anal rays,which are at least 112 without any of the caudal rays.(C^^To's', soft boiled, in allusion to the cavernous head.)Family 111. CARAPID.E.PEARL-FISHES.Body elongate, compressed, tapering into a long and slender tail;no scales; teeth cardiform on jaws, vomer, and palatines; canine teethoften present; no barbels; lower jaw included; vent at the throat; gill-membranes somewhat united, free from the isthmus; no pseudo-"branchii^; no pyloric cseca; vertical tins very low. confluent, withoutspines; no ventral fins; pectoral fins present or absent. Small shorefishes of tropical seas, often living in shells of mollusks, echinoderms,etc., being especially often commensal with the pearl oyster and withthe larger Ilolothuria.a. Pectoral fins present; no distinct caudal fin; gill-membranes connected ante-riorly only Carapus, 55. CARAPUS Rafinesque.Carapits Rafinesque, Indice. Ittiol. Siciliana, 1810, p. 57 {aruK; originallyintended for a Gymnotus).Fierasfer Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1st. ed., II, 1817, p. 2393 {imberbe = acus).Echiodon TnoMPSos, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, p. 55 {dmmmondi).Diaphcma LowB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843, p. 92 (ftcus).Oxyheles Richardson, Voy. Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 74 {homei).Porobronchus Kaup, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1860, p. 272 (larva of Fierasfer acus).Carapus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, ]i. 152 (after Rafinesque, 1810).Vexillifer Gasco, Bull. Assoc. Nat. Med. Napoli, 1870, p. 59 (larva of Fierasferacus).Lefroyia Jones, Zoologist, IX, 1874, p. 3838 (bermudensis)
.
JA PANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDANAND FO WLER. 751Gill-membranes little connected, leaving- the isthmus bare. No dis-tinct caudal fin; pectoral fins developed. The species of this genusare not well known, and their characters and nomenclature are uncer-tain.{Carapo^ the Portuguese name of Gyiii]wti(!<^ with which genus thisfish was supposed to be congeneric. In case the name Carapun isregarded as a synonym of GymnotuH the name Fierasfer should berestored.)5. CARAPUS KAGGSHIMANUS ( Steindachner and Ddderlein).Fierasfer kagoshimanna STFAyvAcn^KR and Doderlein, Fisc-he Japans, IV, 1887,P- 27;Head 7i (in total); depth 13i (in total); eye If in snout; 3^ inhead; 2i in interorbital space; head 2i times as long as wide, and Iftimes as long as deep; pectoral 2f in head. Small teeth in both jaws,Dn the vomer and palatines, the vomerine in a short band. Gill-open-ings broad; the united gill-membranes joined only to a small part ofthe isthmus. Vertical fins ver}' low. the dorsal no more than i the[ength of the body; origin of anal below base of pectoral. Color uni-form pink; top of head with fine black dots. Length -i^^ inches (110aiillimeters). Locality, harbor of Kagoshima. (Steindachner andDoderlein.)Not seen by us. Family IV. OPHIDIID.E.CrSK-EELS.Body elongate, compressed, more or less eel-shaped, usually coveredsvith very small scales, which are not im]>ricated, but placed in oblique?eriesat right angles with each other; head large; lower jaw included;both jaws, and usually vomer and palatines also, with villiform or3ardiform teeth; premaxillaries protractile; gill-openings very wide;the gill-membranes separate, anteriorl}^ narrowly joined to the isthmusbehind the ventrals; pseudobranchi8e small. Gills 4, a slit behind thefourth; vent more or less posterior. Vertical fins lower, withoutspines, confluent around the tail; tail isocercal; ventral fins at thethroat, each developed as a long forked barbel. A ir bladder and pylo-I'ic ca^ca present. To this Dr. Gill adds also the following characters,shared more or less by related families: " Orbitorostral portion ofjranium contracted and shorter than the posterior, the cranial cavity3losed in part by the expansion and junction of the parasphenoid andfrontals, the supraoccipital horizontal and cariniform posteriorly, the3xocci})itals expanded backward and upward behind the supraoccipi-tal, the exoccipital condyles contiguous, and with the hypercoracoid(scapula, Parker) fenestrate (or foraminate) about its center, and thetiypocoracoid with its inferior process divergent from the proscapula.''
752 PROCEEDJNGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXV.1Genera 7, species abovit 25. Carnivorous fishes, found in most warm iseas, some of them deseendin|^ to considerable depths, the group espe-cially well represented in tropical America.
a. Heail sealele.ss; scales of body rudiiiientarj', scarcely embedded; opercle endingin a sharp spine, concealed by the skin; air bladder short and broad, with a largeforamen behind Otophidium, 66. OTOPHIDIUM Gill.Otopkidium Gi-LL, in Jordan, Cat. Fish. North Anier., 188p, p. 126 {omoMigma).This genus differs from Ophidion in the form of the air bladder,which is short and thick and with a large foramen. The opercle endsin a concealed spine as in Chilara.{ov5, ear; Oj)hidmm.)
6. OTOPHIDIUM ASIRO Jordan and Fowler, new species.Head 5; depth 6f ; D. 155; A. 125; P. 25; e3'e 4 in head, 2^ in max-illary; snout 5 in head, 2| in maxillarj^; maxillary 1| in head; pectoral2^; depth of head li in its length; head 1 in trunk; head and trunk1| in tail.
DIU.M ASIKO.Body elongate, deep and compressed, the tail tapering to a point.Head compressed, about as broad as bod}^ in front; snout ratherblunth' rounded; eye large, its posterior edge much nearer tip of snoutthan gill-opening; maxillary reaching a little beyond posterior marginof eye, and its distal extremity expanded so that it is equal to i itslength; nostrils rather small directly in front of the eye; teeth inrather broad bands in the jaws, and with an outer enlarged series;vomerine and palatine teeth conical; tongue rather slender, pointed,and adnate to the floor of the mouth. Gill-oponings very larg-e, joinedto the isthmus; pseudobranchiie of a few small lilaments; gill-rakerslarge, 3 + 3 in the first arch. Opercular spine large, covered by skin.Head naked ; body covered more or less with elongated small cycloidscales.Dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, the latter terminating in a point;origin of the dorsal before the tip of the pectoral; pectoral rathersmall, its margin rather pointed; ventrals jugular, of two rather longI
0. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDANAND FO WLER. 753ilaiiionts, the long-est about 1^^ in head, and their bases anterioi' to theniddlo of the eye. Lateral line superior, on the back, and concurrentvith its dorsal outline to the base of the caudal. Air bladder large,hick, and short, Avith a large foramen.Color in alcohol plain uniform brown, the edges of the caudal,lorsal, and anal blackish brown; opercles brassy.Length, 83V inches (204 millimeters).Type.?No. 7123, Ichthyological collections, Leland Stanford JuniorJniversify Museum. Localit3^ Misaki; presented by the ImperialJniversity of Tokyo.{((.s/'ro, the vernacular name.)Family V. BROTLTLID.E.Body elongate, compressed, regularly tapering behind, the tail gen-irally subtruncate at base of caudal tin, not isocercal; vent sulmiedian;cales cycloid and minute, embedded in the lax skin, which more or lessmvelopes the tins, sometimes wanting; mouth large, with teeth usuall}'n broad bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines; gill-openings ver}^ large,he meml)ranes mostlj^ free from the isthmus; vertical tins united orontinuous at base of caudal; dorsal fin beginning not far from nape;;audal narrow or pointed; ventral fins small, few-rayed,. attached tohe humeral arch and more or less in advance of pectoral. Pyloric;?ca few (L or 2), rarely obsolete or in increased number (12); max-llaries generally enlarged behind and produced toward the upper
,ngle. Pseudobranchite small or wanting, hypercoracoid with theisual foramen, as in Blennioid fishes. These fishes are closely relatedo Zoarcidi*'. In spite of curious external reseml)lances to the Gadidse.,heir affinities are decidedlv with the Blennioid forms rather than withhe latter. Species largeW of the depths of the sea; 2 species in Cubalegenerated into l)lind cave fishes.
;. Brutuliiuc: Snout and lower jaw each with about .3 long barbels; vertical tinsunited; ventrals close together, each of two rays divided at the tips . .Brotula, 7
',a. Snout and lower jaw without barbels.b. Bi/thitina': Caudal not differentiated, on a distinct caudal peduncle; eyes welldeveloped; body scaly; ventrals inserted on the isthmus near the humeralsymphysis; deep-sea species.
'. Pectoral fins normal, the lower rays not elongate.
'I. Ventral fins close together, each of a single undivided ray; lateral line sim-ple, obsolete behind; i:)reopercle unarmed; operele with a single spine.e. Head naked, covered with loose skin, with fine papilla?; bones of skullextremely cavernous Mi/.voa'phalut<, 8ee. Head largely scaly Sirembo, 9(Id. Ventral fins of two rays each, separated at tip./. Lateral line simple, indistinct posteriorly.g. Preopercle unarmed; head large.]i. Ventral fins well separated, rather long Bassoglgas, 10g</. Preopercle with 2 spines; head extremely scaly Watasen, 11Proc. N. M. vol. XXV?02 48
754 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol xxv.ggg. Preopercle with 3 spines; head naked antex'iorXy . . Hoplohrotula, 12ff. Lateral line represented by three rows of pores, dorsal, lateral, andventral; head with nnmerous spines and mucous pores; opercularspine straight Porogadm, 13cc. Pectoral with the lower rays free, produced beyond the upper; preoperclewith 3 spines; ventrals simple, well separated Pteroidonus, 147. BROTULA Cuvier.Brotula Cuvier, Regne Animal, 2d ed., II, 1S29, p. 296 [barhata).Body elongate, compressed, covered with minute, smooth scales; eyemoderate; mouth medium, with villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, andpalatines; lower jaw included; each jaw with 3 barbels on each side. |Dorsal tin long- and low, the dorsal and anal joined to the caudal. Ventral
:
fins close together, very slender, each of two ra3\s separated at the tip.Eight branchiostegals. Air bladder large, with 2 horns posteriorly.One pyloric cfecum. Vertebra^ 16 + 39 = 55. Tropical. |{J>rotula, Spanish name of Brotula harhata.)7. BROTULA MULTIBARBATA Schlegel. jITACHI-UWO (WEASEL-FISH); UMINAMAZU (SEA CAT-FISH).Brotuhi nibltibarbata .Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, p. 251, pi. iii, fig. 2; ;Nagasaki.
?
Gunther, Cat. Fish., IV, 1862, p. 371; Japan, Celebes, Amboina,Buru.?IsHiKAW.A, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 26; Tokyo.
?
Steindachner, ReiseH. M. S. Aurora, 1898, p. 216; Kobe (good (lescrijition).Brottda japonica Steindaciixek and Doderlein, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, p. 24;Tokyo.Head, 5 (in total); depth. 4 to 4^ (in total); D., C, and A. 186;P. 22; V. 1; B. 8; Csec. pylor, 2; interorbital space, f the eye; ven-
'
tral, f of head.Body elongate, the tail ver}^ compressed and terminating in a point:swelling of trunk behind pectorals somewhat more tlian half the depthof th(^ body. Head rounded above; eye equal to snout; snout with aslight projection above in front; maxillary extends to the posteriorborder of the eye; jaws about equal, or the lower a little shorter; aband of velvety teeth in jaws, on vomer, and on palatines; opercular
i
margin [)ointed l)ehind; operculum with a strong spine posteriorly;mandibular barbels 6, the longest about t^ the head; 6 superior barbels,these i longer than those beloAV.Body and head covered with small, smooth, round scales, the sur-face finely granulated.Dorsal, anal, and caudal continuous, and the last terminating in a ,rounded point; the origin of the dorsal is about over that of the pec-ltoral; pectorals inferior, rounded, hardly half the head; ventrals close"together, of 2 filaments united, the inner ^ shorter than the outer.Vent in about f the total length. Lateral line superior, with a dis-tinct curve anteriorlv.
NO. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDAN AND FO WLER. 755General color when fresh reddish brown; abdomen paler; pectoral."^olivaceous; all the lins bordered with whitish; lips, barbels, and ven-trals somewhat reddish ; iris grayish. Shimabara. (Schlegel.)This species is apparently rare in Japan; no specimens being- foundin our collections. It was described ])y Schleg-el from Shimabara, nearNagasaki, by Doderlein from off Tokyo, and by Steindachner fromKobe.{nndturt}^ many; l>nrhatv><, bearded.)8. MYXOCEPHALUS Steindachner and Doderlein.Myxocephalus Steindachner and Doderlein, Fische Japans, IV, 1887, j). 25.{iaponicus).Body short, rather deep, greatly compressed, and ending in a pointbehind; covered with moderate-sized, smooth, and elongate scales.Head very large, broad, thick, rounded, without scales, covered withsoft loose skin beset with small, short, shred-like lilaments or papillte;the bones with large mucous cavities opening by pores. Eye small,mouth rather large; teeth villiform on vomer, palatines, and in jaws;no barbels; preopercle unarmed; opercle with a spine. Gill-openingsvery large and the mem])ranes narrowly free over the isthmus. Dorsaland anal in a Inroad )>asal membrane in front. Ventrals close togetherbelow opercles, each of a single ray. Lateral line arched till overvent, then straight to the base of the caudal. No pyloric caeca. Pseu-dobranchia^ rudimentary or absent.{fxvSo5, mullet; K?(f)aX?}, head.)8. MYXOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS Steindachner and Doderlein.ITACHI (MINK OK WEASEL).MyxocepJialm japonicas Steind.^ciiner and Doderlein, Fisclie Japans, IV, 1887,p. 25; off Tokyo.Head 3f; depth about 4; D. 184; A. lOO; P. 31; V. I; greatestdepth of })ody 1^ in the head; breadth of head li; depth of headabout li; interorbital space, H; width of mouth, 2^; maxillary, 2i;snout 5; eye 7; eye, li in snout, 3 in maxillary, 2i in interorbitalspace; pectoral li in head; ventral, 2.Body greatly compressed, rather short and deep, the tail taperingto a point. Head very large, broad, thick, and oblong; .snout veryblunt, obtuse, broad, and rounded above; eye small, lateral, its pos-terior margin at the tirst third of the head; preorbital and infra-or])itals broad; posterior nostrils large, directly in front of the eye;anterior nostrils in a large tube near the tip of the snout; a large poreexterior to the anterior nostrils on each side, another on each side ofthe head above; gill-rakers large, thick, more or less variable andabout j^g; a slit after the fourth gill-arch.
756 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.Head naked, the rest of the body covered with elongate smoothcycloid scales. Along the bases of the dorsal and anal anteriorly arather thin broad membrane concealing the bases of the tin rays.Dorsal originating a little behind the l)ase of the pectoral, confluentwith the anal and caudal, the latter terminating in a sharp point; pec-toral long, its base thick, broad, and the middle raysjorming a bluntangle; nostrils close together and situated a little posterior to the pos-terior margin of the preoperculum. Lateral line high in front, curvedtill about over the vent, when it runs medianly along the sides to the})ase of the caudal.Color in alcohol uniform dark ])rown; pectorals, dorsal, caudal, anal,and inside of gill-opening ])lack; the lilaments on the head blackish;lower surface of the head slightly pale.Total length. L5f inches (400 millimeters).
Fici. 5.?Myxocepiialus japonicus.This species is known- to us from the specimen described above, col-lected at Uraga, near Misaki, by Capt. Alan Owston. It differs fromSteindachner's description somewhat, especially in the presence ofrudimentary or small pseudobranchife, slightly broader head, andigreater number of fin rays. '9. SIREMBO Bleeker.Sirembo Bleeker, Art. Hoc. .Sci. Iiido. Nederl., Ill, Japan, IV, 1858, p. 22{imberbis). iBrotella Kaup, Wieginann's Archiv, 1858, p. 92 {iinberbiti)
.
IBody elongate, coAcred with very small scales. Lateral line simple,well developed anteriorly, indistinct behind. Eye moderate, verticalfins united; ventral fins each reduced to a single filament, the twoinserted close together, on the humeral symphysis. Jaws, vomer, andpalatines with bands of villiform teeth. Lower jaw included. Snoutwithout barbels. Air-liladder present. Preopercle unarmed; operclewith spines. Shore fishes of Japan.(Name unexplained.)
NO. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDAN AND FO WLER. 757
9. SIREMBO IMBERBIS Schlegel.UMIDOJO (SEA LOACH).Brotula imberbis Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1847, pi. 258, p. iii, fig. 3;Nagasaki.Sirembo imberbis Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sci. Indo Nederl.,111, 18o7, Japan, IV, j>. 22.Head 41; depth of; I), about 90; A. about 67\ V. ^2-2; Y. 1;depth of bod}" 1| in head; eye 4 in head, 2 in niaxillarv; snout 5 inhead, 2^ in maxillary;" pectoral 1| in head: ^?entrals 1|; head 1 intrunk; head and trunk about 1^ in tail.Body oblong-, g-reatly compressed, and the tail taporing to a point.Head oblong, compressed; snout truncate, rounded, blunt, less thanthe eye; eye superior, somewhat elongate, its posterior margin muchnearer the snout than the gill-opening; mouth large, the maxillaryexpanded and reaching a little l)eyond the eye; expanded extremity ofmaxillary- with its posterior edge concave and its breadth at this pointabout two-thirds the eye; nostrils lateral, in front of eye on the snout;interorbital space a little less than eye, and almost flat; teeth in villi-form bands in the jaws and on vomer and palatines; tongue very thick,pointed, and little free in front; infraorbital rather narrow; lipsrather fleshy. Gill-openings large, the membranes not united, andthe isthmus narrow; pseudobranchijB rather small; gill-rakers 5 + 15,and only those on the upper part of the arch below the bend elongatedand thick, the others small, rounded, and rudimentary.The body covered with rather large, round scales. Head almostentirely scaled.Dorsal beginning behind the pectoral and, like the anal, rather high;dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a sharp point;pectoral rather broad, pointed behind; ventrals jugular, each of asingle ray and with their bases close together lielow the posterior partof the eye. Lateral line superior and concurrent with the ))iick to thebase of the caudal.Color in alcohol brown, darker a])ove, paler beneath, and silvery;opercles with a dark spot; pale longitudinal stripes on the sides, thefirst from the snout across the upper part of the eye, so that a darkstripe runs below this through the eve, then below this latter anotherwhite stripe from the base of the pectoral above, and, tinally, below^this another darker one, which is indistinct; along the base of thedorsal are a number of dark-brown blotches, and another series is alsoseen along the lateral line; bases of dorsal, anal, and caudal very pale;dorsal margined broadly with })lackish, the tail grayish, the anal witha narrow white border, and also with a blackish marginal longitudinalband; pectorals and ventrals pale.Length 9^V inches (280 millimeters).Described from Nagasaki examples.
758 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.This species occurs at moderate depths and is common in southernJapan. Our numerous specimens are from Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura,and Nagasaki. At Nag-asaki it is especially abundant, and is by nomeans a deep-water lish.{littherhJs^ beardless.)lO. BASSOGIGAS Gill.
B(tHMi(iifj(ti<ix\\A., in (T(Kxlean(l Bean, Oceanic Ichthyolosiy, 1S95, p. 829 (c/randls).Body elongate, compressed, covered with thick, heavy skin, whichobscures all the angles of the skull. Scales small, covering the headcompletely. Lateral line indistinct behind. Elye moderate. Verticaltins united about the tail; ventral fins well separated, each one a bitidfilament. Snout slightly produced, without barbels, the lower jawslightly included. Villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, and palatines, thevomerine patch V-shaped. Opercle with a long sharp spine; preopercleunarmed. Air bladder present; pseudobranchia^ small. Deep seas,both Atlantic and Pacilic.{/3a()(j6g, deep sea; yiyd?;, giant.)lo. BASSOGIGAS GRANDIS Giinther.Sireitiho graiidis Ctunthek, Ann. Maj;. Nat. Hist.. XX, 1S77, \<. 487; near Yoko-hama in deep water.Neohyihites grandis GiJNTHER, Deep Sea Fishes, C'hallenger, p. 100, pi. xxi, tig. A;near Yokohama.Head rather short and broad, with ol)tuse snout overlapping thelower jaw; eye small, about t! the length of snout and jV the head;mouth rather wide, the maxillary extending to behind the eye; barbelsnone; teeth of jaws, vomer, and palatines in villiform bands; vomerineteeth form a triangular patch much broader than long; wddth of pala-tine band exceeds that of intermaxillary; a deep groove in the skindescends from the anterior nostril toward the maxillary and reascendstoward the median line of the extremity of the snout, cutting off ananterior lobe as in some scia?noids; several pores leading into themuciferous system are hidden in the groove; a few small open poresnear the symphysis of the mandible; nostrils gaping, oval openings, ofwhich the anterior is surrounded l)y a membranous wall; preoperculumcrescent shaped, without any armature; operculum with a strong spineabove.Scales minute; also the entire head, even the s})ace l)etween the nos-trils, covered with minute scales.Dorsal, like the anal, enveloped in a thick, scaly skin; it begins withshort rays above the middle of the pectoral; pectoral rounded, broad,and remarkably short, about half as long as the head; ventrals insertedVjelow the angle of the preoperculum: each ventral filament is bitid,the inner part being the longer; distance of vent from root of pectoral
JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDANAND FOWLER. 759more than the length of the head. Lateral line indistinct for thegreater part of the course.Color brown, darker behind, lighter in front; tins blackish, cavityof mouth gray, peritoneum black. Total length 29i inches; head 5|inches; ventral filament 3 inches; snout to vent 12^ inches.Locality, south of Tokyo, near Yokohama, at Station 237 (Challenger)in 1,875 fathoms. (Giinther.) Not taken by us.{Grandls, great.)11. WATASEA Jordan and Snyder.Watasea Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1900, ji. 765 {sivicola).Body elongate and completelv covered with small scales. Headscaled, blunt; eye moderate; the jaws equal; no barbels; teeth in jaws,vomer, and palatines minute, blunt, and in bands; preopercle withtwo spines; vertical fins united, the caudal pointed; pectoralsaccutely rounded; ventrals close together, each of two rays; eightbranchiostegals.(Named for Sho Watase, professor of Animal Morphology in theImperial University of Tokyo.)
II. ^A/^ATASEA SIVICOLA Jordan and Snyder.Watasea sivicola Jordan and Snyder, Prof. U. S. Nat. "Slu^., 1900, i?. 765, pi.xxxvii; Misaki, Yokohama.Head, -if; depth, 5f ; D. 94; A. 74; scales in lateral line about 100;scales between middle of base of dorsal and lateral line, 8; betweenorigin of dorsal and lateral line, 11; between lateral line and anal,about 25; head as long as trunk; head and trunk, If in tail; depth ofl)ody, 11 in head; eye, 41; snout, 6; uiaxillary, 2; interorbital space, 4|;width of head at maxillaries, 2|; pectoral, If; ventral, li.Body elongate, greatly compressed, its greatest width nuich lessthan the breadth of the head, and tapering into a pointed tail. Heado])long, compressed; snout ver}- blunt, truncate; jaws equal; e3^essmall, elongate, lateral, and its posterior margin about the first | ofthe head; maxillary ver}^ large, extending far beyond the eye, and itsdistal expanded moiety 1^ in the eye, and its posterior margin concave;supplemental maxillary well developed and concealed by the infraorbit-als, which are much less than the eye diameter; teeth in jaws, on vomerand palatines in broad villiform bands; lips thin; tongue rather })road,thick, pointed, and little free in front; nostrils rather large and theposterior the larger; upper profile straight from snout to occiput; pre-operculum with 2 strong, broad, sharp spines pointed back; operclewith a strong spine above, directed backward and slightly inclineddownward; head with mucous cavities and pores; interorbital space^convex, its width much greater than snout. Gill-opening very large,
IQO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIOXAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv.the i.sihmus narrow, and the mem])rane joined to it under the eye;a band of villiform teeth along the Hoor of the pharynx, ])eginningonthe tongue and the pharyngobranchials above, forming a toothed areaposteriorly similar to those below; pseudobranchife small; gill-rakers6 + 11 on first arch, somewhat thick, blunt, and long; branchiostegals, 8. ^Head and ])ody covered with elongated, smooth, cycloid scales; basesof pectoral and dorsal rays with small scales.Dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a point; themembrane at base of the fins not fleshy; dorsal beginning about i thelength of the head from its posterior end; pectoral short, pointed, andonly reaching about f the space between its own origin and the vent;ventrals only separated by a narrow space, inserted about midwaybetween the posterior edge of maxillarj' and tip of lower preopercularspine; the inner filament the longer and reaching midwa}^ in the spacebetween its base and the vent, the undivided basal portions of ventralsequal to li eye diameters. Lateral line rumiing along the upper thirdof the body and disappearing at a point about i the length of the headfrom the base of the caudal.Color in alcohol plumbeous grav, and more or less silvery l)elow.Length, 9^^ inches {234: millimeters).This description from the type No. (5370, Ichthyological Collections.Leland Stanford Junior University Museum. Locality. Misaki. inSagami. Taken in deep water.Another is in the U. S. National Musmun (No. 49T0T). taken byMr. P. L. Jouy off Yokohama.{Kiii'o Shiwo, the Black Current, colo^ to inha])it.)12. HOPLOBROTULA Gill.Iloplohroi Ilia (iihi., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Thila., ISd;}, p. 25:5 {armatd).This genus differs from WafaN^ a and Slrmiho in having three strongspines on the preopercle. Maxillary and anterior parts of head naked;posterior upper part of maxillary free from the suborbital; ventralfins bifid; lateral line simple; well developed anteriorly.(oTtXov^ armature; Br(>ti(hi.)12. HOPLOBROTULA ARMATA (Schlegel).Brokdn iiniKtta^iswL^G-Ei., Fauna .Japoiiica, 1S47, p. 255; Nagasaki.Sircmbu arniala Steindachxer and iKiuEKLEiN, Fii^che Japan?, IV, 1887, p. 24;Tokyo.Hoplobvotnla armata Jordan and Snydek, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1900, p. 767,pi. x.Yxviii; Nanaura in Boshu.Head, ^\ depth, 5i; D., 86; A., 74; P., 23; V., 2; scales in lateralseries, 112; scales between base of dorsal and lateral line, 9; scalesbetween lateral line and anal, 27; head and trunk, li in tail; depth ofhead, li in its length; width of head. If in its length; eye, 5 in head;
NO.1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISBE^JORDANAND FOWLER. 761snout, ?1| ; maxillary, 2; interorbital space, 4; width of mouth at maxil-laries, 1^; pectoral. If; ventrals, 1 f.Body elongate, greath^ compressed, its greatest width much lessthan the breadth of the head, and tapering into a pointed tail. Headoblong, compressed; snout very blunt, truncate; jaws equal; eye small,elongate, lateral and its posterior margin about the first f of the lengthof the head; maxillary very large, extending far beyond eye, its distalexpanded moiety equal to snout, and the posterior edge slightlyemarginate; supplemental maxillary well developed and not entirelyslipping under the infraorbitals, which are not as broad as the eyediameter; teeth in rather broad, rough, villiform bands on vomer andpalatines and in the jaws; lips fleshy and more or less papillose orshredded; tongue very broad, thick, pointed, and hardly free in front;nostrils in front of eye; upper profile straight from snout to occiput;preoperculum with 3 strong spines protruding through the skin, thelower one pointing downward and the other 2 pointing downwardand backward; opercle with a strong spine above, bent down andbackward; a number of mucous pores on head, several on operclesabove, on the mandible, orbitals, and 2 large ones at the edge ofthe snout in front of nostrils; interorbital space convex, its widthequal to snout. Gill-opening ver}" large, the isthmus long and nar-row, and the membrane thick, united directly below front of eye; atoothed area extending from near tip of tongue to posterior part ofpharynx, the roof of which is furnished with a toothed surface similarto those of the jaws; pseudobranchia? very small; gill-rakers 5 -f 16,thick, short, those of the upper limb and all but 5 of the lowerreduced to mere rounded elevations, the other short and flat; l)ranchi-ostegals, 8.Head naked, except opercles, the sides of head above, and preoper-cles, which are covered with rather large cycloid scales; scales on l)odysimilar, becoming elongated at the end of the tail.Dorsal, anal, and caudal confluent, the latter ending in a point; themembrane at l)ase of the fins rather fleshy; dorsal beginning above overthe first third of pectoral, or at a distance behind head equal to one-fourththe latter's length; pectoral long, pointed, and reaching vent; ventralsdivided to within a short distance of their base, the remaining basalspace not divided equal to an eye in diameter; the inner ventral ra}^the longest and not quite to the ])ase of pectoral; the ventrals areinserted below the anterior portion of the eye. Lateral line superior,approaching nearer to the l)ack posteriori}^, and becoming olisolete ata distance from the tip of the caudal equal to three-fourths the lengthof the head.Color in alcohol uniform pale brown overlaid with silver}^ the dorsaland anal becoming deep brown posteriori}^ like the caudal, which isentirely the same color.
762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxv.Length, 151 inches (403 millimeters).This description from the specimen described })v Jordiin and Sny-der, obtained at Nanaura, in Boshu, near Misaki, and presented bythe Imperial University of Japan to the Stanford University Collection.{armatus^ armed.)13. POROGADUS Goode and Bean.Poroiiadnii CrOimK Mu\ Bean, Proc. IT. S. Nut. Mu8., VIII, 1885, p. 002 (?*fes).Body brotuliform, much compressed; head with numerous spineson interorbital space, 2 pairs on the shoulders, 1 at angle of oper-culum, and a double series on angle of preoperculum ; head withnumerous mucous pores, as in Bassozetus; mouth large; snout mod-erate, not projecting much beyond the upper jaw; jaws nearly equalin front; teeth in villiform bands in jaws and on vomer and palatines;barbel none; gill-openings wide, membranes narrowlv united, notattached to the isthmus; gills 4; gill lamina^ short; gill-rakers mod-erate, numerous; pseudobranchiie absent; caudal fin of few rays, on avery narrow base, not prolonged, scarcely differentiated from thevertical tins; dorsal and anal tins well developed; pectorals simple,moderate; each ventral a single bilid ray close to the humeral sym-physis; branchiostegals 8; scales small; lateral line apparently tripleor replaced by 3 series of pores?1 close to ventral outline, 1 median,and another along base of dorsal.{nopog^ pore; (raduK, the cod iish.)
13. POROGADUS GUNTHERI Jordan and Fowler, new species.Head, 6f; depth, llf; head and trunk, 3| in tail; depth of body, 1|in head; eye, 6; snout, 3i; maxillary, If; interorbital space. 3i; widthbetween maxillaries, 2|; pectoral. If; ventral. If.Body very elongate, compressed so that it is not as broad as thehead, and gradually tapering posteriorly into a long, slender tail.Head about equal to trunk, compressed, oblong; snout broad, convexabove, and nnich greater than e3^e; eye lateral, its position nuich beforemiddle of head; jaws equal, mouth l>road, the maxillary expandeddistally, its posterior edge concave, and equal to the eye, and project-ing far beyond; supplemental maxillary well developed and not con-cealed by the orbitals; teeth in narrow, villiform bands in jaws, onvomer, and on palatines; lips thin; tongue small, thick, pointed, andfree in front; anterior nostrils not evident, the posterior \erv large,in front of eye; upper protile straight from snout to occiput; headwith many spines; opercular spine sharp; gill-opening very large, themembrane narrowly free over the narrow isthnuis; a narroAV medianband of villiform teeth along the floor of the pharynx and the roofalso with an area of villiform teeth; pseudobranchire reduced to 2
NO. 1303. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDANAND FOWLER. 703small filaments; gill-rakers, 5+24 on the first arch and only lt> on thelower part of the arch, long, attenuated, and well developed; hranchi-osteg-als, S.Head and bod}' covered with small, smooth cycloid scales, i)erhaps200 in a lateral series.Dorsal, anal, and caudal conflncMit, the latter ending in a point;the dorsal beginning a little behind the base of pectoral; pectoralsmall, pointed, and reaching more than half the distance in spacebetween its base and vent; ventrals close together, each of two fila-ments and inserted below the head nearer the base of the pectoral thanthe extremitj^ of the maxillary; undivided basal portion of the ven-trals ecjual to two-thirds the eye. Lateral lines of large j^ores ratherwidely separated, running along the base of the dorsal, the sidesmedianly, the sides of the abdomen, and the base of the anal below.Color in alcohol for the greater part brown, the sides and lower partof the head together with the abdomen l)lack; top of the head, snoutand orl)ital region gray-white.
Flfi. Ci.?I'OROfiATWS GONTHERT.Length, Sy^g inches (211 millimeters).Tyjx.?^o. 50577, U. S. National Museum.Locality in Sagami Bay, at Station No. 3696, where it was dredgedin 501 to 74:9 fathoms by the IT, S. Pish Commission steamer Alhatross.Cotypes No. 7124 are in the Tchthyological Collections, LelandStanford Junior University(Named for Dr. Albert Ciinther.)14. PTEROIDONUS Gunther.Pieroido7ius Gunthek, Deep-Sea Fishes Challenger, 1887, p. 106 (qiiimpiarivx).Body elongate, compressed, covered with small scales. Head oblong,thick, covered with scales; eye small; snout broad, with rounded pro-file, including lower jaw, and without barbel; mouth wide, bands ofviiliform teeth in the jaws, on vomer, and palatines; operculum witha straight spine; preoperculum armed. Eight branchiostegals; gill-lamina3 rather short; gill rakers rather long, lanceolate, and widely set:pseudobranchiffi none. Vertical tins united, but the narrow caudal
764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.projecting be^'ond the short anal and dorsal rays; the lower pectoralrays are inconipletel\' united with the upper part of the lin and areprolonged; ventrals reduced to a simple filament, inserted behind thehumeral symphysis, and somewhat distant from each other. Lateralline incomplete, close to the dorsal profile. A true deep-sea form.{Pteroix. Onnx.)14. PTEROIDONUS QUINQUARIUS Giinther.Pteroidonus quinquarius Gunther, Deep-Sea Fishes Challenger, 18S7, ji. 106; DeepSea of Japan, Station 235, 565 fathoms.D. 99; A. S7; P. 15-5; V. 1; C. 5; B. 8; 35 scales transversely abovevent; eye, 7 in head; caudal, 7i.Body elongate, compressed, its depth being less than the length ofthe head, which equals the distance between the vent and the root ofthe pectoral fin. Head not much deeper than broad, its depth equalto the length of its postorbital portion and flat above; eye small, with-out orbital fold, much shorter than snout, lateral, and situated imme-diately below the upper profile of the head; no spines about orbit;snout broad, rather depressed, overlapping the lower jaw; mouth wide,somewhat oblique, the much-dilated posterior extremity of the maxil-lary extending ])ackward beyond the orbit; preorbital region narrow,inframaxillary styliform; teeth in villiform bands, the bands of thevomer and palatines verv narrow; vomerine band A -shaped; nostrilsrather distant from each other, open, the posterior the larger, imme-diately in front of the upper part of the eye, the anterior close to theend of the snout; the interorl)ital space more than twice the eye; pre-operculum with a rounded angle which is armed with 3 very short andweak spines; opercular spine moderately strong and straight; the bonesof the head are thin, with shallow muciferous cavities. Gill-membranesentirely separate.Nearly the entire head, even the dilated extremity of the maxillar}^and the glossohyal region, are covered with small scales; the scales aresmall, thin, smooth, and adherent.Dorsal begins a short distance behind root of pectoral, rather low,the rays inclosed in a scaly skin at base, and has its last and shortestrays connected with caudal by a membrane; anal similar to dorsal l)utlower; pectoral with broad base, elongate, posterior margin rounded,and as long as head without snout; the 5 detached rays are somewhatstronger than the other rays; they form at the base one continuousseries with the remainder of the fin, and therefore do not seem to pos-sess a separate action; the uppermost ray is the longest, not quitetwice as long as the fin, the others gradually decreasing in length;ventrals very feeble simple filaments, only half as long as the pectoral,somewhat distant from each other and inserted opposite to the hindmargin of the preoperculum; the tail tapers almost to a point. The
5. JAPANESE OPHIDIOID FISHES?JORDANAND FO WLER. 765lateral line is a continuous tract not covered by scales, running- parallelto and close to the dorsal profile and disappearing in the posteriorthird of the tail; it is separated from the dorsal tin by about six seriesof scales.The color was probably pink, with black vertical tins; cavity of themouth and gills black.Length, 14^ inches.Locality, Challenger Station 235, at a depth of 565 fathoms. Japan,(Giuither.)Not seen by us.{quinquani(.'<^ in lives.) SUMMARY.Family T. C'ongrogadid.k.1. /^V/-/r/(//(//.s' .Ionian and Fowler.1. ntrrypiea Jordan and Fowler; Miyakosliiina.Family 11. /oakcid.k.2. /AHirccs I'uvier.2. cl(iii(/(ttu!^ Kner; Iwani, Hakodate, Sagalin, Tit^hima.8. Li/cenchelys Gill.3. pu'cUiinoii. Jordan and Fowler; JMatsushima Bay.4. BnlJn-ocirn Bean.4. zcxtd Jordan and Fowler; Sagami Bay.Family III. Cakapid^e.5. Oirnpus Ratinescine (/"V/vf.sfn- Cuvier).5. kagus}ii)ii(tiiiis (Steindachner and D(")(lerlein).Family IV. Ophidiid.e.
(>. OtnphiiVnnn (iill.H. (isiro .Jordan and Fowler; Mii^aki.Family V. i>KOTULiD.E.7. Bnttiilti C'uvier.7. inidtlbarbata Sehlegel; Formona.8. MyxoccplMlax ,Steindacliner and Piklerlein.8. japonicus Steindaohner and Doderlein.9. Sirembo Bleeker.9. imberUs (Schlegel); Tokyo, Misaki, Wakanoura, Nagasaki.10. Baxsoyif/as Gill.10. (jrmidis Giinther.
766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.11. ^Vat(lsea Jordan and Snyder.11. sivlcola Jordan and Snyder; Misaki, Yokohama.12. Hoplohrotnla Gill.12. armala (Schlegel); Nanaura.13. Poroffadus Goode and Bean.13. gijtitluri Jordan and Fowler; Sagami Bay.14. Pteruidonm Giinther.14. (jninquarius Guntliur.