Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago J.F. GATES CLARKE m wtu. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 416 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." 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Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 416, 485 pages, 319 figures, 1 table, 1986.—In this publication 82 genera and 260 species and subspecies are treated. The following genera, species and subspecies are described as new (each new genus is noted with its type species): Neoxychirota (type-species: N. isolata); Stangeia distantia; Ernopthora iospila, lechriogramma, aphanoptera, palassoptera; Zatnagiria exedra; Cateremna decipula; Delcina (type-species: D. diaspora); Psara orphnopeza; Tessema (type-species: T. sensi- lis); Bradina fide Ha, stricta, emphasis, eremica; Cangetta eschatia; Idioblasta transversata, stenogramma, amydrosoma, acrogramma, linearis; Eudonia clavula, achlya, ara, aplysia, dupla, munroei; Dichelopa amorpha, flexura, hadrotes, chionogramma; platyxantha, dorsata, phalaranthes aporrhegma, ochroma, gnoma, paragnoma, meligma, zona, canitia, argema; Duessa marquesana; Cydia peudo- malesana; Orneodespterochroma, xanthozona; Autosticha leucoptera; Chelophoba melaina; Pitycona attenuata; Ephesteris longicornis; Asymphorodes macrogramma, didyma, plemmelia, trigrapha, diamphidius, aporia, hypostema, brevimacula, hem- ileucus, cuneatus, seminiger, albicoma, semiluteus, nigricornis, cicatricula, ambly- soma, chalcoptera, lenticula, chrysophanes, mesoxanthus, adynatus, melanosoma, chalcocoma, homosoma, bipunctatus, remigiata, emphereia, regina, poliopterus, canicoma, lucidus, diffidentia, culminis, fractura, lucerna, phalarogramma, leu- coloma, paraporia, chalcosoma, aenigrna, montomeryi, nuciferae, favilla, tricho- gramma, sericeus, acritopterus, spodogramma, honoria, phaeodelta, leptotes, me- diostriatus, nebrias, ochrogramma; Herlinda (type-species: H. phaeoxantha), fasciola, iota, oligoria; Adeana (type-species: Labdia leucoxantha Meyrick); Iressa microsema; Melnea (type-species: Ascalenia armigera Meyrick); Cosmop- terix nonna, diandra; Acanthophlebia (type-species: A. argentea); Imma philo- mena, gloriana,feaniensis, rotia, assita, impariseta, heppneri; Choreutis chelaspis euthenia; Prays ignota; Eftichia (type-species: E. chrysoleuca); Terthroptera as- tochia; Epicephala spinula; Caloptilia insidia; Decadarchis celestra, incongrua, aspera, tritogramma; Wyoma (type-species: W. dysgnoia); Comodica signata; Opogona discordia. Many new combinations are made. Male and female genitalia are figured where possible and wings of all species are illustrated. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Clarke, J.F. Gates (John Frederick Gates), 1905- Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 416) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:416 1. Moths—Marquesas Islands—Classification. 2. Pyralidae—Classification. 3. Insects— Classification. 4. Insects—Marquesas Islands—Classification. I. Title. II. Series. QL1.S54 no. 416 [QL559.M37] 591s 85-600124 [595.78'1] Contents Page Introduction 1 The Islands 4 The Fauna 5 Endemism 13 Disposition of Specimens 13 Acknowledgments 13 Family Oxychirotidae 14 Family Pterophoridae 16 Family Pyralidae 21 Family Tortricidae 119 Family Olethreutidae 152 Family Orneodidae 166 Family Gelechiidae 169 Family Cosmopterigidae 180 Family Blastobasidae 315 Family Heliodinidae 315 Family Immidae 318 Family Choreutidae 334 Family Yponomeutidae 336 Family Gracillariidae 343 Family Tineidae 348 Literature Cited 394 Figures 274-319 425 Index to Animal Names 471 Host Index 483 in Pyralidae and Microlepidoptera of the Marquesas Archipelago J.F. Gates Clarke Introduction As far as I have been able to ascertain, the earliest descriptions of Pyralidae from the Mar- quesas Islands were those of Idioblasta lacteata Warren and /. straminata Warren (1891:62) fol- lowed by Bradina perlucidalis Hampson (1897:201). It was not until 1929 and 1934 that more pyralids and some of the true microlepi- doptera were recorded from the Marquesas Is- lands by Meyrick. During the Pacific Entomolog- ical Survey, conducted by the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, 1929-1932, Mr. G. Le- Bronnec collected a considerable quantity of pyr- alids and microlepidoptera. These were de- scribed by Meyrick (1934c). The preponderance of pyralids and microlepidoptera, up to the pres- ent, was described by Meyrick (1929a,b) from specimens collected during the British "St. George" Expedition, 1924-1925. Of these Mey- rick states (1929a:489): Over 1000 specimens were included in the present con- signment, of which about two-thirds are from Pacific Islands, the remaining third being from small islands closely adjacent to the American coast; these two sections are entirely unre- lated, and are treated separately. The majority of the speci- mens were collected by Mr. C.L. Collenette and Miss C.E. Longfield, including all these where no captor is specially mentioned; but a proportion was taken by Miss L.E. Chees- nian, and in the case of these her name is always recorded. In 1968, from 13 January to 14 April, my wife and I made extensive collections on the islands J.F. Gates Clarke, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. of Nuku Hiva, Hiva Oa, and Fatu Hiva, facili- tated by Smithsonian Research Foundation Grant SG 0636056. The results of this expedi- tion are recorded in the following pages. Follow- ing our expedition, S.L. Montgomery of Hono- lulu visited the Marquesas Islands in 1977 and collected 347 specimens. These are recorded here also. Altogether, this report is based on well over 7300 specimens, exclusive of types. Comparatively few of the species of micro- lepidoptera and pyralids occurring in the Mar- quesas Islands have been figured previously (Walsingham, 1907; Shibuya, 1928a; Clarke, 1958 [in 1955-1970], 1971). In most cases no illustrations or only the adult or the genitalia of one sex have been figured. In this work adult wings are figured, but even here sometimes the genitalia of only one sex is illustrated because of the absence of the opposite sex in the collections at hand. As usual, my color descriptions are based on Ridgway, 1912, Color Standards and Color No- menclature. Some colors and hues I have used are not in Ridgway. In situations where I considered some term more appropriate than one found in Ridgway, I have used it. A map showing the relative positions of the various Marquesas Islands is given (Figure 1). As additional background material on these islands, I recommend Adamson, 1939. Also, I have pre- sented maps of Nuku Hiva, Hiva Oa, and Fatu Hiva showing the locations of our collecting sites (Figures 2,3). In addition, maps showing the known distribution of some of the genera and species are included. 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 10 SAND ISLAND HAT UTU EIAO FATU ITI o ^ _ ^ H A T I H E U N U K U H I V A I ^JS TAIOHAE HA KAHETAU^\ UAPOU ^^ UAHUKA HANE TAHUATA^ FATUUKU ^ ^ ^ H1VAOA Jb ATUONA \ MOHOTANI FATU H1VA OMOA L i 1 140 139 FIGURE 1.—The Marquesas Islands (after Adamson, 1936). NUMBER 416 Hiva Oa FIGURE 2.—Clarke collecting localities (elevations in feet): a, Nuku Hiva; b, Hiva Oa. Fatu Hiva FIGURE 3.—Clarke collecting localities on Fatu Hiva (shaded area indicates cliffs). The distribution maps are based on specimens in the British Museum (Natural History), the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, and USNM collections of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. I have already discussed (Clarke, 1971:2-5) Meyrick's explanation for the peculiarities of the fauna of Rapa and some of the neighboring islands. In the work cited above, I stated (1971:5): "The evidence of zoological and botan- ical relationships between the Australian, south- ern South American, and South African regions is already well established. These relationships are carried to some of the Southern Hemisphere oceanic islands, but as far as I am able to ascer- tain, from a study of the material at hand, there is no connection between the fauna of Rapa and that of the Americas . . . " In the case of the Marquesas Islands there is some evidence of a relationship between the Marquesas and the Americas by the presence of the genus Zamagiria (Z. exedra, new species) an American genus found in Central America, Cuba, and Florida. Also, the presence of Tinea oxymora Meyrick, with the type-locality of Chosica, Peru, is further evidence of a con- nection. It is possible, however, that the presence of the latter species in the Marquesas is the result of an accidental introduction. The suggestion of a Marquesan-American connection probably is not unreasonable in view of botanical findings in Sachet (1975:1-2). The climate of the region is tropical oceanic, constantly warm, with high atmospheric humidity, local sporadic rain showers, and heavy orographic rainfall where the mountain- ous islands interfere with the prevailing easterly trade winds. However, the simple pattern of windward-leeward trade- wind effect in the Marquesas is very much complicated by the dissected topography and other factors. The "back- bones" of the islands are usually bathed in mists and crowned with very mossy "cloudforest." But on low lying areas, the trade winds exert a dessicating effect. The lower uninhabited islands, the "desert" islands, appear quite arid and there are years of prolonged drought. On the western "plateaus" of Nukuhiva and Hivaoa stretch arid areas, with a vegetation of grasses and scattered woody plants, including very inter- esting species, such as sandalwood and Cordia lutea, a shrub otherwise known from dry Ecuador, Chile, and the Galapa- gos Islands. The deep valleys contain streams, many of which are frequently dry: and the high waterfalls tumbling down the cliffs of the higher cirques often disappear. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY The Marquesas are closely related to Tahiti and Rapa by the presence of the genus Dichelopa, especially through D. argosphena (Marquesas), D. fulvistrigata (Tahiti), and D. iochorda (Rapa), all with a divided uncus, and the presence of Cryp- toblabes ardescens (Meyrick). Several groups, or species, of microlepidoptera that one might expect to find in the Marquesas are absent. At present there are not records of the occurrence of the Chlidanotidae in these islands, although the family is frequently found in the Pacific region. The Carposinidae appear to be absent, but the family is common in the Pacific area. The Oecophoridae, an uncommon family in the Pacific islands, are also absent. (Some workers will dispute this based on the presence of Stoeberhinus testaceus Butler and Au- tosticha pelodes (Meyrick); I consider these two to be Gelechiidae). Another common, widely dis- tributed migrant, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is also absent. The widely distributed genus Mon- opis (Tineidae) is apparently absent. The genus Bactra is commonly represented in the Pacific islands by a considerable number of species, rang- ing from Japan and the Bonin Islands in the north (Kawabe and Kusui, 1978) through the Caroline and Society Islands all the way south and east to Rapa (Clarke, 1971:13, 131). Although Cypera- ceae, the food plants of Bactra species, are abun- dant in the Marquesas, a diligent search failed to disclose the presence of any Bactra species. The genus Choropleca is found in South America, Hawaii, Fiji, and Rapa but, apparently, has failed to reach the Marquesas. Despite the obvious re- lationship between Rapa and the Marquesas, and the presence of Coprosma, the food plant of Tan- aoctena, the genus does not appear to be present in the Marquesas. THE ISLANDS The Marquesas Islands (Figure 1; Table 1) lie between latitudes 7°50' and 10°35'S, and lon- gitudes 138°25' and 140°50'W. The Hawaiian Islands lie approximately 3220 kilometers (2000 miles) north-northwest, the Society Islands 1368 TABLE 1.—Approximate areas and maximum elevations of the 12 islands of the Marquesas (from northwest to south- east) (measurements in square miles and feet are from Ad- amson, 1936:10). Island Sand Island Hatutu Eiao Fatu Iti Nuku Hiva Uahuka Uapou Fatuuku Hiva Oa Tahuata Mohotani Fatu Hiva Approx. area sq km (sq mi) (?) 18.13 (7.0) 51.80 (20.0) (?) 336.70 (30.0) 77.70 (30.0) 103.60 (40.0) 1.29 (0.5) 323.75 (25.0) 51.80 (20.0) 15.54 (6.0) 77.70 (30.0) Maximum elevation m(ft) (?) 400 (1380) 610 (2000) (?) 1219 (4000) 854 (2805) 1231 (4040) 359 (1180) 1258 (4130) 999 (3280) 518 (1700) 1118 (3670) kilometers (850 miles) southwest and the nearest land, the Tuomotu Islands, is 483 kilometers (300 miles) distant. When we visited the islands, a survey was being conducted, and we were in- formed that the actual elevation of Mt. Temetiu (Figure 8), the highest point on Hiva Oa, was not known. The islands are remnants of ancient vol- canoes, with steep slopes and deep valleys. The Marquesas Islands consist of a Southern group and a Northern group. Former, or syn- onymous, names are given in parentheses. The Southern group consist of: Fatuuku, Hiva Oa (Dominica), Tahuata (Santa Cristana), Mohotani (Motane, San Pedro), Fatu Hiva (Magdelena, Fa- tuiva), and was discovered in 1595 by the navi- gator Alvaro Mendana. He named the group Islas Marquesas de Mendoza in honor of the wife of his patron, Don Garcia Hurtad de Mendoza, Viceroy of Peru. The Northern group consists of Sand Island, Hatutu (Hatutaa), Eiao, Fatu Iti (Motu Iti), Nuku Hiva, Uahuka, and Uapou. This group was discovered in 1791 by Captain Joseph Ingraham of the American brig Hope of Boston, when he visited Nuku Hiva. Of all the islands in the group, we have nu- merous records of microlepidoptera from only NUMBER 416 three, Nuku Hiva, Hiva Oa, and Fatu Hiva. From Tahuata, Eiao, and Uapou we have a few records, but from the other islands we have nothing. Therefore, we can only conclude that we know little of the fauna of the Marquesas. As is the case with many Pacific islands, much devastation has occurred because of deforesta- tion, slashing, burning (Figure 10) and the intro- duction of horses (Figure 7), cattle, and pigs. Rats also occur, having been introduced by the ancient colonizers and through modern com- merce. There are no endemic mammals. In spite of the damage that has been done, there are many pockets of original vegetation, and at the higher elevations (Figures 6-8) much of the natural flora remains. At the lower eleva- tions (Figures 4, 5), however, mostly introduced plants replace the native flora. Here are such plants as Mangifera indica L. (mango), Thespesia populnea (L.), Tamarindus indica L., Pandanus tectorius Solander, Cocos nucifera L. (coconut), Musa sp., banana, Carica papaya L. (papaya), Artocarpus sp. (bread-fruit), Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Psidium guajava L., the grass Paspalum panicu- latum L. (Figure 5, lower right), Cyperaceae, lichens, and mosses. At the higher elevations one enountersa rich flora of Pandanus sp., numerous shrubs, ferns, mosses and lichens (Figure 6), Chei- rodendron marquesense F. Brown, Vaccinium cer- eum (L.f.) Forster f. and Bidens henryi Scherff. On the high plateau area of Nuku Hiva, at Tapuaooa, 762 m (Figure 7) there are abundant grasses, scattered trees of Metrosideros collina (Forster) A. Gray var., and mixed shrubs includ- ing Glochidion ramiflorum (Forster f.) Mueller- Argovensis I have mentioned only a tiny fraction of the flora and suggest that those who are inter- ested consult Sachet, 1975, and subsequent pa- pers by this author. THE FAUNA Fifteen (15) families of pyraloids and micro- lepidoptera are recorded in the following pages. In these families I have recognized 81 genera as follows: Oxychirotidae (1), Pterophoridae (2), Pyralidae (28), Tortricidae (1), Olethreutidae (8), Orneodidae (1), Gelechiidae (5), Cosmopter- igidae (11), Blastobasidae (1), Heliodinidae (1), Immidae (1), Choreutidae (1), Yponomeutidae (5), Gracillariidae (2), and Tineidae (13). (Phthor- imaea (Gelechiidae) is treated in the text as a possible component of the Marquesan fauna but is not included in the above tabulation). As indicated above, the Marquesas are distant from any land masses and their diverse and pe- culiar fauna has multiple origins. As in the case of Rapa Island, the fauna demonstrates again the facility with which lepidoptera and other orga- nisms become distributed to oceanic islands. The Oxychirotidae are represented in Aus- tralia by two species: Oxychirota paradoxa Meyrick and Cenoloba obliterate (Walker), one species on Christmas Island and one on Ceylon (Sri Lanka) (Figure 12). Yet, many thousands of miles east of Australia, a new genus and species (Neoxychi- rota isolata) appears and indicates an ancient origin. So far, no other species of this family has appeared in the area between Australia and the Marquesas, but the family Lathrotelidae from Rapa (Clarke, 1971:58) may be synonymous; ad- ditional material of this latter family may settle this problem. Oxychirota paradoxa was recorded at low elevation at Sydney, and presumably C. obliteralis was also taken at low elevation; N. isolata occurs at high altitudes in the Marquesas. The Pterophoridae are represented by only two species, but Stangeia distantia, new species, provides a great extension of the range of this genus. Geographically and structurally, the near- est species to distantia is 5. rapae Clarke from Rapa, but distantia is a smaller species. We did not discover the food plant of distantia, but rapae feeds on Siegesbeckia orientalis L., so we can ex- pect to find distantia on some other composite. The Pyralidae are one of the dominant families in the Marquesas with 28 genera and 63 species. Of these genera only three (Delcina and Tessema, new genera, and Chrysophyllis Meyrick) appear to be endemic. All the others are wide ranging. Achroia, Cadra, Spoladea, Maruca, and Diaphania are especially common and widely distributed. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY HC.IRKS 4, 5.—Nuku Hiva: 4, Taiohae, ancient house platform and unidentified leguminous trees; 5, Pakiu Valley. NUMBER 416 FIGURKS 6, 7.—Nuku Hiva: 6, Pandanus grove, -548 m (1800 ft); 7, Tapuaooa, 762 m (2500 ft), tree in right foreground is of Metrosideros sp. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 8.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Temetiu, ~1219 m (4000 ft), highest point in the Marquesas; right rear, Mt. Feani, 1158 m (3800 ft). Achroia grisella (Fabricius) and Cadra cautella (Walker) are stored-products pests and are gen- erally distributed throughout most of the world. The larva of Maruca testulalis (Geyer) feeds on a multitude of hosts and is a serious pest of legumes in some areas. Diaphania indica (Saunders), the notorious "cucumber moth" also attacks other curcubits. Chrysophyllis lucivaga Meyrick is of special interest because of the extraordinary male aedeagus (Figure 52b). There is only a single genus of Tortricidae currently known from the Marquesas Islands: Dichelopa. In this genus I recognize 26 species and one new subspecies. Undoubtedly, when more is known about the islands, other species will be discovered. The presence of this genus in NUMBER 416 FIGURE 9.—Hiva Oa, webs of Microzestis inelegans Meyrick in association with webs of a species of Embioptera (probably Oligotoma (Aposthonia) oceana Ross, 1955:3). the Marquesas indicates a close relationship to Rapa (15 species), Tahiti (2), and Australia (6). Previously only 13 species of Dichelopa were known from the Marquesas. From Tahiti only two species are currently known, but only inci- dental collecting has been done there, and that only below 1500 feet. Careful and thorough collecting will, unquestionably, reveal more spe- cies in this genus and perhaps, the same can be said for neighboring Morea, Huahini, and other islands in the vicinity. Eight genera with 10 species of Olethreutidae are currently known from the Marquesas Islands. The genus Cryptophlebia, with three species, is 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 10.—Fatu Hiva, lower slope badly cut-over, containing many weed species of plants. found all the way from Argentina to Japan and is common in the Pacific region. C. pallifimbriana is endemic; C. chaomorpha, described from the Marquesas, has been recorded from the distant Seychelles and Make Island by Diakonoff (1969), and C. rhynchias is widely distributed. Dudua eumenica is endemic and is closely related to the common D. aprobola. Another endemic species, Duessa marquesana, is strikingly similar and closely related to D. pleurogramma Clarke from Kosrae (Kusaie) in Micronesia, and suggests an ancient zoological connection between the Mar- quesas and Micronesia. Cydia pseudomalesana has its counterpart in the Indian Cydia malesana (Meyrick), new combination, and probably had its origin in India. With Tritopterna eocnephaea NUMBER 416 11 FIGURE 11.—Fatu Hiva, lower Omoa Valley (Omoa village hidden by trees). we have another example indicating an entomo- logical connection between the island of Rapa and the Marquesas. For a discussion of Crocido- sema plebejana, see Clarke, 1971. The Orneodidae are represented by two spe- cies, both previously unknown. The Gelechiidae are represented by only five genera, although I have included a sixth, Phthor- imaea, in the key as a possible component of the fauna. Stoeberhinus with its single species, S. tes- taceus, is strictly a Pacific taxon. The genus Au- tosticha is encountered frequently in the Pacific 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY and presents no problems. The genus Ephysteris, however, raises some interesting zoogeographi- cal questions. So far, North America has not produced a species of this genus, but Europe has no less than three, and the genus is recorded from Africa. In 1965 I recorded Echinoglossa trinota from the Juan Fernandez Islands which, currently, is referred to Ephysteris; and in this report I describe Ephysteris longicornis, new spe- cies, from the Marquesas. Moreover, in the Brit- ish Museum (Natural History), there is an addi- tional species of Pacific Ephysteris from the Gil- bert Islands. Chelophoba melaina, new species, shows distinct affinities to Asiatic species of Ge- lechiidae as discussed under the species. Also, Pitycona attenuata, new species, appears to be derived from the Asiatic fauna. There is no question in my mind that the center of development of the Cosmopterigidae is in the Pacific region. One has to consider only the enormous radiation that has occurred in the Hawaiian Islands in the genus Hyposmocoma and that of the genus Asymphorodes in the Marquesas Islands. The latter genus has two species in the Hawaiian Islands (Zimmerman, 1978:1061). In the Marquesas there are 75 species currently known in the genus Asymphorodes, 53 of which are described as new; one of these, A. tricho- gramma, new species, also occurs on Easter Is- land. In this study I have included at least 10 other genera, some far ranging, such as Cosmop- terix and Labdia, and others apparently confined to the Pacific region. Trissodoris is widespread in the Pacific (Figure 213) and probably will be found wherever its food plant, Pandanus, grows. Other genera of this family, recorded here, un- doubtedly will be found ultimately in other Pa- cific islands. In the case of Herlinda, new genus, and Asym- phorodes we have an example of convergence in that the structure of the genitalia of the two genera are identical. Herlinda differs from Asym- phorodes, however, by the absence of the thorn- like projections from the metasuctum and the lack of modification of the 6th and 7th abdominal segments of the males. The Blastobasidae are poorly represented in the Pacific. It is, therefore, surprising that a species in this family has reached the Marquesas. Blastobasis inana (Butler) was formerly known from such widely separated places as India and Hawaii, and its presence in the Marquesas sug- gests distribution through commerce. Only one species of Heliodinidae, Lissocnemitis argolyca Meyrick, originally was found in these islands; it also occurs on Rapa (Clarke, 1971:182). The Immidae are widespread in the warmer regions of the world, Indo-Australia, South America, and Oceania. It is not surprising, there- fore, that the Marquesas support a fauna of at least 11 species. When the faunas of more of the islands are known, undoubtedly additional spe- cies will appear. The closely related Choreutidae, with a worldwide distribution, are represented by only a single species. The Yponomeutidae do not present any real surprises. The ubiquitous Plutella xylostella (L.) is established as expected, and other species in- dicate a relationship to more western taxa. Two genera of Gracillariidae are present: Ep- icephala and Caloptilia. The former genus was previously known only from Australia and New Guinea, but Caloptilia is widespread. Twenty-nine species in 13 genera of Tineidae are recorded in these pages. Of the 14 species of Decadarchis, D. simulans (Butler), D. flavistriata (Walsingham), and D. minuscula (Walsingham) are widespread, and D. penicillata (Swezey) oc- curs in Hawaii, suggesting a relationship with the Marquesas as in the case of the two species of Asymphorodes (A. dimorpha (Busck) and A. triaula (Meyrick)). Robinson (1983:306) synonymized 13 genera with Erechthias, including Nesoxena and Caryoles- tis, as well as Decadarchis. Of these, only Erech- thias has a simple harpe (valve) but the others all have a cluster of stout setae on the costa of harpe (Clarke, 1971, figs. 153, 155; Robinson, 1983, fig. 3). The female genitalia of all are similar, but the venation of Erechthias is quite different from the others. In this work I am retaining NUMBER 416 13 Decadarchis, and temporarily including Nesoxena and Caryolestis as synonyms. In the Nesoxena- Caroylestis complex there are four described "spe- cies" which I consider synonyms: Decadarchis strangulata (Meyrick, 1929a), new combination; Decadarchis praedatrix (Meyrick, 1934a), new combination, new synonym; Decadarchis semi- fusca Bradley, 1961, new synonym; and Decadar- chis pandani (Clarke, 1971), new combination, new synonym. In addition to the above, I have specimens from two populations of this species from the Caroline Islands: Kosrae (Kusaie) and Kapingamarangi. This species group is not rec- ognized from the Marquesas; but since the larvae feed on dead tissue of coconut and Pandanus, and the species occurs in the nearby Tuomotu Islands, it can be expected. In the genus Opogona there are four species. 0. aurisquamosa is widespread; regressa and dis- cordia have limited distribution outside the Mar- quesas, and trissostacta appears to be endemic. The remaining genera in the family each have one species and only Wyoma, new genus and species, appears to be endemic. In my Rapa study (Clarke, 1971:21)1 indicated a peculiar feature of some of the species: the black or gray-tipped hindwing. No such feature is detectable in any of the Marquesan species. tricoidea of Micronesia (Clarke, 1976) I treated only a fraction of the fauna that must occur in those islands. Only 67 forms were recorded and of these 55.2 percent appear to be endemic. In this report I have recorded 279 species and sub- species of which 208 currently appear to be confined to the Marquesas Islands or, 74.4 per- cent. Of the genera Asymphorodes (except one species on Easter Island) and Dichelopa, 100 per- cent of each are endemic, but of the 29 species of Tineidae recorded only 8 species, or 23 per- cent, are endemic. DISPOSITION OF SPECIMENS The holotypes of the species described as new are in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., un- less indicated otherwise. Where possible, para- types will be placed in the United States National Museum collections of the National Museum of Natural History, the Museum d'Histoire Natu- relle, Paris, the British Museum (Natural His- tory), London, and the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. Specimens of pre- viously described species, where series are suffi- ciently large, will also be placed in the museums listed above. ENDEMISM Endemism, like distribution, is often an artifact of collecting. Actually, we know so little about the faunas of the Pacific islands, that reported endemism gives us only a suggestion of what the real situation is. In my paper on the Juan Fernandez Islands (Clarke, 1965) I reported 75 percent endemicity for the 71 species of microlepidoptera known to exist on those islands. Rapa Island (Clarke, 1971), which is remote from other land areas, exhibited comparatively low endemicity. The en- tire known lepidopterous fauna was considered. Of the macrolepidoptera only 25 percent are endemic but 60 percent of the microlepidoptera appear to be endemic. In my paper on the Tor- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In any undertaking of this size many individ- uals contribute to its completion. Dr. S. Dillon Ripley made the entire project possible through a grant from the Smithsonian Research Foun- dation. Dr. Ripley also authorized several grants from the Smithsonian Fluid Research Fund to support contracts with illustrators for the pro- duction of many of the line drawings. I am also indebted to many of the Marquesans who helped my wife and me on the three islands we visited; but especially to Mr. Francis Herault who was of great assistance on Fatu Hiva. I wish to express my appreciation to the au- thorities of the British Museum (Natural History) for permission to examine and study pertinent 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY types, and for the photographs of Eucosma agriochlora Meyrick (Figure 291£) and Crypto- phlebia rhynchias (Meyrick) (Figure 293a). I am especially grateful to Dr. Klaus Sattler and Mi- chael Shaffer for the loan of specimens and the answers to many questions that arose during this study; and to Dr. D.S. Fletcher for the use of his manuscript catalog of genera and type citations. Dr. Frank J. Radovsky, chairman, and Mr. Gordon Nishida, Department of Entomology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, have been particularly helpful. Through them I have been able to study all of the types of Mar- quesan microlepidoptera in their possession. I wish, also, to thank Dr. Eugene Munroe who segregated all of the Eudonia species and helped me with other pyralids. Dr. Alex Diakonoff of Leiden, Netherlands, provided translations of some of the references in Dutch, and Dr. Hiroshi Inoue of Iruma City, Japan, aided with articles in Japanese. To both I am greatly indebted. As usual, my colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution always support me in many ways. I wish to thank Donald R. Davis and Ronald W. Hodges, especially, for reviewing the manuscript, and for other matters in connection with this study. Also, I wish to thank George C. Steyskal, research associate, Systematic Entomology Lab- oratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, for checking many of the names. For botanical names I am indebted to Dan H. Nicholson, Raymond Fosberg, and Marie-Helene Sachet. This work has required much library work, and without the help of Jack F. Marquardt, Carolyn Sue Hahn, Ruth F. Schallert, and Karen Drescher, many of the required references would not have been forthcoming. They are excep- tional librarians. A considerable number of able illustrators have produced the drawings. The late Andre del Campo Pizzini, and Jung Lea Smith produced some of the figures, previously published, which are repeated here. Elaine R.S. Hodges has pro- duced the bulk of the figures and has done all of the Cosmopterigidae. Molly K. Ryan and Vishai Malikul have worked primarily with the pyra- loids; Ann R.P. Richardson did the Immidae, Choreutidae, and Tineidae; and three volun- teers, Catherine A. Baer, Eva Dorfman, and Sally Parker have contributed miscellaneous figures. To all of the above I am deeply grateful. To Mrs. Nancy Mclntyre I am deeply indebted for care- fully helping with reading the galley and page proofs. I thank Victor Kranz, Smithsonian staff pho- tographer, for the care he has taken in making the photographs of the moth wings. The illustra- tions of scenes on the islands are reproduced from photographs by my wife and me. In conclusion, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my wife, Thelma. As on several other expeditions, she accompanied me to the Marquesas Islands as a volunteer aid. As usual, she cared for the livestock and undertook all the household tasks, freeing me for more extended fieldwork. I owe her a lasting debt of gratitude. Family OXYCHIROTIDAE Neoxychirota, new genus FIGURE 12 TYPE-SPECIES.—Neoxychirota isolata, new spe- cies, by monotypy and present designation. The gender of this generic name is feminine. Labial palpus nearly twice as long as head, strongly compressed; third segment greatly re- duced, obscured by long scales of second. Max- illary palpus well developed, about Vs length of labial palpus, clothed with loose scales. Head flattened dorsally with closely appressed scales; side tufts posteriorly spreading; ocellus absent. Antenna with short projecting scales at end of each segment; finely ciliated; scape without pec- ten. Forewing pointed, costa straight, termen very oblique, 11 veins; lb simple, obsolete; lc absent; 2 and 3 very short, well before angle of cell; 4 from angle; 5 distant from 4; 5, 6, 7 about equidistant, well separated; 8 and 9 coincident to costa; 10 out of the stalk of 8 and 9; 11 from near end of cell. Hindwing linear, pointed, with 9 veins; 2, 3, and 4 very short, well separated, 4 NUMBER 416 15 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY from angle of cell; 4, 5, 6 equidistant and well separated, parallel; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to termen slightly below apex; 9 free. Hindleg tibia slender, smooth. Abdomen smooth. Male genitalia with ganthos and uncus present. Female genitalia without signum; accessary bursa present. Neoxychirota is very near Oxychirota but lacks the short cone of scales of forehead. Neoxychirota also differs in forewing by vein 5 distant from 4, and 7 separate from stalk of 8 + 9: also in hindwing vein 5 is separate from 4, not connate, 6 is separate from the stalk of 7 and 8. Neoxychirota isolata, new species FIGURES 13,274a Alar expanse 10-13 mm. Labial palpus ochraceous on inner surface, grayish fuscous on outer side. Antenna grayish with darker annulations toward base; scape fus- cous. Head pale grayish; on vertex a large patch of metallic scales. Thorax grayish overlaid with metallic scales; collar, tegula and posterior tuft mostly metallic scales. Forewing ground color grayish fuscous to fuscous, the scales with buff bases giving an irrorate effect; base of dorsum, a streak in fold, a blotch on tornus and a subapical spot metallic; on costa and at apical fourth, buff spots; on dorsum, at basal third, a buff spot and across end of cell a transverse buff streak fol- lowed by fuscous scales; in middle of cell an ill- defined fuscous spot; cilia ochraecous buff, mixed with grayish fuscous. Hindwing fuscous; cilia ochraeous buff, mixed with grayish fuscous. Foreleg light buff; tibia and tarsal segments fus- cous on outer side; midleg light buff; tibia suf- fused grayish; hindleg light buff. Abdomen fus- cous dorsally, ventrally pale buff, each segment with a small tuft posterodorsally; first segment buff posterodorsally. Male genitalia slide USNM 24021. Harpe broadest toward cucullus; cucullus rounded; at basal third a small papilla like point. Gnathos a slender semicircle with a membranous area ven- trad and covered densely with filament-like setae. Uncus bluntly rounded. Vinculum a narrow scle- rotized band. Tegumen about twice as long as wide. Anellus V-shaped, the arms dilated poste- riorly. Aedeagus short, stubby, pointed. Female genitalia slides USNM 24015, 24545, 24547, 24605, 24608, 25066, 25067, 25068, 25099. Ostium U-shaped, small. Inception of ductus seminalis well before ostium. Ductus bur- sae very slender, membranous. Bursa copulatrix rather small, oval, membranous; appendix bur- sae from posterior end of bursa copulatrix. Sig- num absent. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100751. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Mt Teoaiua, 610 m (2000 ft). DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype (27 Mar 1968) and 37 paratypes as follows. 12 $ paratypes with same data as holotype. Fatu Hiva: Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 16 9 paratypes; Mt. Upe, 2025 ft (167 m), 3 Apr 1968, 5 9 paratypes; Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 750 m, 1-3 Aug 1977, 2 $ paratypes (Montgomery). Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3400 ft (1036 m), 1 Mar 1968, 1 9 para- type. Nuku Hiva: Tovii, Ooumu, 900 m, 16—19 July 1977, 1 $ paratype (Montgomery). In appearance isolata is similar to Oxychirota paradoxa Meyrick but broader winged and ge- nerically distinct. The occurrence of this species in the Marque- sas Islands provides a very great extension of the range of this family. Family PTEROPHORIDAE Genus Stangeia Tutt Stangeia Tutt, 1906:492.—Chapman, 1908:53.—Adam- czewski, 1951:309, 382, pi. 12: fig. 62.—Bigot, 1966:284, 285 [figs.], 286.—Clarke, 1971:96. TYPE-SPECIES.—Pterophorus siceliota Zeller, 1847:907, by monotypy. Stangeia distantia, new species FIGURES 14, 2746 Alar expanse 11-12 mm. NUMBER 416 17 MGURE 13.—i\eoxycnirota isoiata, new species; a, wing ven- ation; b, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; c, aedeagus; d, ventral view of female genitalia. 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 14.—Stangeia distantia, new species; a, lateral aspect of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 19 Labial palpus white; outer side of second seg- ment olive buff; apical tuft half white, half black; third segment with longitudinal black line on each side ventrolaterally. Antenna black, spotted white; scape olive buff, ventrally black, with a white spot dorsally. Head olive buff. Thorax olive buff; posteriorly buff; tegula olive buff ba- sally, sordid white distally. Forewing ground color olive buff, somewhat darker costad; outer half of costa very narrowly edged white; from second feather of forewing a conspicuous group of white cilia. Hindwing fuscous; cilia grayish. Legs ocherous white longitudinally streaked with fine black lines. Abdomen dorsally and narrowly olive buff, bordered on each side with a buff longitudinal line; laterally fuscous; ventrally olive buff with a median longitudinal buff line; on each side of buff median line a series of small black spots. Male genitalia slides USNM 24064, 24548, 24549. Harpe long, slender, crescentic, base ir- regular, dilated; both harpes considerably nar- rowed beyond middle. Gnathos and socii absent. Uncus consisting of a pair of slender digitate processes. Vinculum long, narrow, with a broad flat flange around periphery. Tegumen short, broad. Anellus a narrow, transverse, sclerotized plate with a long slender arm posteriorly attached to aedeagus. Aedeagus moderately stout, termi- nating in a ventral beaklike process and a dorso- lateral, short, digitate process. Female genitalia slide USNM 24065. Ostium oval. Antrum conical, sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis dorsolateral from bursa copu- latrix slightly before junction with ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous. Bursa copulatrix membranous, short. Signum absent. Lamella an- tevaginalis triangular, transverse; lamella post- vaginalis triangular, rounded posteriorly. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100752. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Omoa. DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype, 2 6 and 5 9 paratypes, all from Omoa, collected 11-16 Mar to 8 Apr 1968. This species is closely related to S. rapae Clarke (1971), (13-16 mm), but is a smaller species (11- 12 mm) and is generally lighter in color. The genitalia of distantia are strikingly similar to those of other species of this genus, and are, in themselves, not reliable for specific separation. As far as I am able to ascertain, this is the easternmost record for this genus. Genus Marasmarcha Meyrick Marasmarcha Meyrick, 1886a:ll. TYPE-SPECIES.—Alucita phaeodactyla Hiibner [1805] 20 June 1813 [1796-1838], pi. 3: figs. 14, 15 (only named included species, Article 69(a)i). Marasmarcha pumilio (Zeller) FIGURES 15, 274c Mimeseoptilus pumilio Zeller, 1873:324. Marasmarcha pumilio (Zeller).—Barnes and Lindsey, 1921:348, pi. 42: fig. 7, pi. 49: fig. 13.—Forbes, 1923:646.—Meyrick, 1927a:69; 1929a:491.—Forbes, 1931:345.—Hori, 1933:394.—Wolcott, 1936:480.— McDunnough, 1939:38 [No. 6504].—Viette, 1949a:325. Marasmarcha liophanes Meyrick, 1886a: 19; 1906:136; 1910:18, fig. 15; 1913:27; 1914:47.—Nohira, 1916:38. Stenoptilia pumilio (Zeller).—Fernald, 1891:87 [No. 4566]; 1898:58.—Smith, 1903:100 [No. 5382].—Fernald in Dyar, 1903:447 [No. 4991].—Meyrick, 1910:18; 1913b:28.—Barnes and McDunnough, 1917:151 [No. 5945]. Stenopitlia (?) pumilio (Zeller).—Walsingham, 1892:495, 542; 1897:58. Mimaeseoptilus gilvidorsis.—Hedeniann, 1896:8 [not Mimae- seoptilus gilvidorsis Zeller]. Leioptilus (?) griseodactylus Pagenstecher, 1900:240. Exelestis liophanes (Meyrick).—Fletcher, 1909:33, pi. A12; 1910a:313 [No. 149], 321; 1910b:403; 1919:81; 1921a:26; 1926:610. Exelastis pumilio (Zeller).—Fletcher. 1921a:46, pi. 5A-C; 1931:38.—Viette, 1957:171. Male genitalia slides USNM 24062, 25161. Harpe very narrow basally; broadened distad, from slightly beyond middle a prominent ridge is armed with long, curved, deciduous setae. Uncus divided. Vinculum V-shaped, with ventral 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 15.—Marasmarcha pumilio (Zeller): a, ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus in situ; b, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 21 plate. Tegumeri slender, lightly sclerotized. Anellus membranous. Aedeagus slender, slightly enlarged beyond middle. Female genitalia slide USNM 24063. Ostium funnel-shaped. Antrum not differentiated. In- ception of ductus seminalis from posterior end of bursa copulatrix. Ductus bursae very slender, threadlike. Bursa copulatrix membranous, finely granular. Signum absent. HOLOTYPES.—In the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge {pumilio); in the British Mu- seum (Natural History) {liophanes); (?) (griseodac- tylus). TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Texas (USA) {pumilio); Reunion {liophanes); Bismarck Archipelago (?) {griseodactylus). DISTRIBUTION.—Barbadoas, Grenada, St. Vin- cent, St. Croix, Jamaica, North America (New Jersey south to Florida west to Missouri and Texas), Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Borneo, Bismarck Archipelago, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan (Formosa), Tahiti, China, India, Reunion, Fiji, Seychelles, Africa, Marquesas Islands. From the Marquesas I have the following 21 specimens. Nuku Hiva: Pakiu Valley, 1800 ft (548 m), 17-28 Jan 1968, 8 6, 1 9. Fatu Hiva: Omoa Valley, 16 Mar to 5 Apr 1968, 9 6\ 3 $. FOOD PLANTS.—Oxalis sp., Alyce clover {Alys- icarpus vaginalis (L.) de Candolle. I have dissected the types of pumilio and lio- phanes and there is no doubt about the identity of the Marquesas specimens. Family PYRALIDAE Key to the Subfamilies of Pyralidae of the Marquesas Only Tongue and ocelli absent GALLERIINAE Tongue and ocelli present 2 Forewing with vein 7 absent PHYCITINAE Forewing otherwise 3 Hindwing with veins 7 and 8 free PYRALINAE Hindwing otherwise 4 Hindwing with pecten CRAMBINAE Hindwing without pecten 5 Forewing with vein la forming loop and joining vein lb. . PYRAUSTINAE Forewing not as above; labial palpus porrect, beaklike . . . SCOPARIINAE Subfamily GALLERIINAE Genus Achroia Htibner Achroia Hubner, 1819 [1816-1826]: 163. TYPE-SPECIES.—Galleria alvearia Fabricius, 1798:463; subsequent designation by Westwood, 1840:113 (= Achroia cinercola Hiibner, 1819[1816-1826]:163). Achroia grisella (Fabricius) FIGURES 16, 274d Tinea grisella Fabricius, 1794, 3(2):289 [No. 10]. Achroea [sic] grisella (Fabricius).—Zeller, 1848:583.—Stain- ton, 1849a:3; 1849b:l.—Heinemann, 1865 [1863- 1870]: 204 [No. 296].—Wocke, 1871:231 [No. 647].— Meyrick, 1879a:216.—Snellen 1882:120.—Ragonot, 1885:22.—Leech, 1886:110, pi. 13: fig. 6.—Bethune- Baker, 1894:586.—Spuler, 1910:189. Achroia grisella (Fabricius).—Stephens, 1852:24.—West- wood, 1854:207 [No. 1435].—Stainton, 1859:169 [No. 859].—Hampson, 1896 [1894-1896], 4:6.—Rebel, 1901, 2:1 [No. 3].—Ragonot, 1901:497.—Dyar, 1903:413 [No. 4636].—Maxwell-Lefroy and Howlett, 1909:509.—Duport, 1913:35 [No. 215].—Shiraki, 1913:377.—Hampson, 1917:44.-Barnes and Mc- Dunnough, 1917:141 [No. 5454].—Britton, 1920:108.— Fletcher, 1920:81, 84, pi. 7a-e.—Ghosh, 1923:14.— Forbes, 1923:535.—Meyrick, 1934c:333, 343.— Lhomme, 1935:161 [No. 2111].—Le Marchand, 1935:311.—Pierce and Metcalf, 1938:12, pi. 7.—Rebel, 1939:6.—McDunnough, 1939:25 [No. 5995].—Adam- : ! • • FIGURE 16.—Achroia grisella (Fabricius): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 23 son, 1943:45.—Corbet and Tarns, 1943a:29, fig. 7, pi. 1, fig. 10; 1943c:72, 92, figs. 26, 81, 82, 127, 163, pi. 2: figs. 9, 10.—Kloet and Hincks, 1945:114.—Lamont and Callan: 1950:205.—Hartigand Amsel, 1951:45.—Inoue, 1955:122 [No. 675].—Bollmann, 1955:610, fig. 1.—El- ton, 1956:12-14.—Hartig, 1956:93.—Peterson, 1956:200, figs. L45, D-H.—Zimmerman, 1958b:27, figs. 11-13.—MacNay, 1959c:141.—Razowski and Sliwinski, 1961:31, 33, 49.—Whalley, 1964:566.—Gentry, 1965:175.—Kloet and Hincks, 1972:44.—Balachowsky, 1972:1230.—Emmet, 1979:213 [No. 1390].—Leraut, 1980:109 [No. 2620].—Inoue et al., 1982:374, pi. 44: figs. 62, 63.—Hodges et al., 1983:79 [No. 5623].— Brower, 1983:14 [No. 5995].—Shin et al., 1983:394. Bombyx cinereola Hiibner, 1803 [1796-1838] (Bombyces), pi. 23; fig. 91. Galleria alvearia (Stephens.)—Latreille, 1809:231.—Ste- phens, 1829:213 [No. 7410].—Curtis, 1831 [1824- 1839]: 176.—Duponchel in Godart and Duponchel, 1842(4): 127, pi. 60: fig. 10; 1844:326.—Westwood, 1854:207 [No. 1433]. Achroia alvearia (Stephens).—Stephens, 1834:294.—Curtis, 1837:205 [No. 981 ].—Herrich-Shaffer, 1849, 4:112, pi. 21: figs. 149, 150. Meliphora alveariella Guenee, 1845:308; [1846]:70. Tinea anticella Walker, 1863 [1856-1866], 483. Achroia griseella.—Ragonot, 1885:18 [misspelled]. Meliphora grisella (Fabricius).—Meyrick, 1895:384; 1899:197; 1928:400; 1929b: 160.—Philpott, 1929:474, fig. 6. Achroia obscurevitella Ragonot.—Leech, 1901:388. Achroia obscurovittella.—Matsumura, 1908:190 [No. 1585] [misspelled.]. Achroria [sic] grisella (Fabricius).—Wolcott, 1936:475. Meliphora {Achroia)grisella (Fabricius).—Ford, 1949:17 [No. 55]. Achroia grisella infranella Lucas, 1955:251. Male genitalia slide USNM 25274. Harpe broad basally, tapered to a bluntly pointed cu- cullus; inside sacculus, near middle, a triangular prominence. Socius a fleshy lobe. Uncus bilobed. Vinculum bluntly pointed. Tegumen arched. Anellus a broadly U-shaped plate. Aedeagus stout, longer than harpe; vesica armed with a single long, curved cornutus. Female genitalia slides USNM 25272, 25273. Ostium broad, transverse, emerging from a broad, granulated posterior portion of ductus bursae. Inception of ductus seminalis from pos- terior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae slen- der, membranous. Bursa copulatrix membra- nous. Signum absent. TYPES.—In the British Museum (Natural His- tory) (anticella); in the Carnegie Museum, Pitts- burgh (obscurevittella); location unknown {gri- sella, aluearia, cinereola); in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (infranella). TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Australia (anticella); Ja- pan (obscurevittella); unknown (grisella, aluearia, cinereola); Morocco (infranella). DISTRIBUTION.—Africa, Australia, Crotia, Si- cily, Germany, France, Madagascar, Trinidad, Jamaica, Japan, Colombia, Porto Rico, North America, Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, Sikkim, Bengal, Ceylon. FOODS.—Comb of honeybee, dried fruits (ap- ples, raisins). Subfamily PHYCITINAE Key to the Genera of Phycitinae 1. Forewing with 11 veins 3 Forewing with fewer than 11 veins 2 2. Forewing with 9 veins; 4 and 9 absent Cadra Forewing with 10 veins; 4 absent Ernophthora 3. Labial palpus straight, directed upwards; second segment 3 times length of third Phycita Labial palpus otherwise 4 4. Forewing with veins 4 and 5 closely approximate at bases 5 Forewing with veins 4 and 5 otherwise 7 5. Forewing vein 10 connate with stalk of 8 and 9 Ctenomeristis Forewing otherwise 6 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 6. Hindwing with veins 4 and 5 connate from angle of cell . . . Cryptoblabes Hindwing with veins 4 and 5 anastomosing for half their length Zamagiria 7. Forewing with veins 8 and 9 coincident Delcina, new genus Forewing with veins 8 and 9 stalked Cateremna Genus Cryptoblabes Zeller Cryptoblabes Zeller, 1848:644. TYPE-SPECIES.—Cryptoblabes rutilella Zeller, 1848:645, by monotypy. Cryptoblabes ardescens (Meyrick), new combination Figures 17, 18, 274* Eurhodope ardescens Meyrick, 1929b: 160.—Viette, 1949a:321.—Clarke, 1971:91, fig. 81, pi. 12c,d. TYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural His- tory). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Society Islands, Raiatea. DISTRIBUTION.—Society Islands (Tahiti, Raia- tea); Austral Islands (Rurutu, Rapa): Marquesas Islands:Nuku Hiva: Pakiu Valley, 1000-1700 ft (304.8-518 m), 30 Jan to 14 Feb 1968, 126\ 4$; Taiohae, 17 Jan to 2 Feb 1968, 6d\ 59; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, ld\ 3$. Hiva Oa: Atuona, 12 Feb to 14 Mar 1968, 66, 44$; Tahauku, 2-12 Mar 1968, 26, 4$. Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 11-20 Mar 1968, 216, 369; Mt. FIGURE 17.—Cryptoblabes ardescens (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with aedeagus removed, and showing expanded right corema; b, aedeagus. NUMBER 416 25 FIGURE 18.—Cryptoblabes ardescens (Meyrick): a, venation of right wings; b, ventral view of female genitalia. i 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 3$; Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 750 m, 1-3 Aug 1977, 16, 39 (Montgomery). Eiao: Northern highlands, 400 m, 7 Aug 1977, 1$ (Montgomery). FOOD PLANTS.—Mangifera indica L. (inflores- cence); Pandanus tectorius Parkinson (fruit stalk); Oparanthus rapensis (F. Brown) Sherff; Psidium guajava L. (fruit); Tamarindus indica L. (dead and living leaflets); Eugenia uniflora L. (fruit). This species is probably widely distributed throughout the Pacific islands since the larvae seem to have a great tolerance for a variety of foods. Although figured in Clarke (1971, figs. 81,82) the figures are repeated here for completeness. Genus Emophthora Meyrick Ernophthora Meyrick, 1887:263. TYPE-SPECIES.—Ernophthora phoenicias Meyr- ick, 1887:263, by monotypy. Ernophthora denticornis (Meyrick) FIGURES 19, 274/,g Aspithra denticornis Meyrick, 1929b: 156. Ernophthora denticornis (Meyrick).—Meyrick, 1934:335. Male genitalia slide USNM 24774. Harpe costa concave, narrowly sclerotized, cucullus rounded. Transtilla three branched, the poste- rior arm indented distally. Uncus elongate, tri- angular, pointed; on each side, near base, a slen- der hooked process. Vinculum broadly rounded. Tegumen much broader than long. Anellus a subquadrate plate with a digitate process from each side posteriorly. Aedeagus stout, simple; vesica apparently unarmed. Female genitalia slides USNM 24775, 24810, 24862. Ostium broad, transverse, funnel-shaped. Much heavy scaling around ostium. Inception of ductus seminalis at posterior third of ductus bur- sae. Ductus bursae ornamented with numerous, very fine longitudinal ridges. Bursa copulatrix mostly granular. Signum an oval dentate plate. LECTOTYPE.—Male, 21 mm, "Hiva Oa, Mar- quesas, at light, 3500 ft. 28.1.25. St. George Expedn. C.L. Collenette." The specimen bears the usual British Museum "Type" label. In addi- tion, a white rectangular label reads "Aspithra denticornis, Meyrick, Holotype." There is also a label in Meyrick's hand "Aspithra denticornis Meyr." Slide JFGC No. 11948. Lectotype hereby designated. Lectotype is in the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, 3500 ft (1067 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. We have 33 specimens from two islands as follows. Nuku Hiva: Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 1$. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3400 ft (1036 m), 1 Mar 1968, 9$, and 3800 ft (1158 m), 20Feb 1968, 11 6\ 12$. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Meyrick (1934C:335) lists this species also from the islands of Tahuata and Uapou and from Fatu Hiva (1929b: 157). Ernophthora iospila, new species FIGURES 20, 274A Alar expanse 22-28 mm. Labial palpus sorghum brown mixed with fus- cous scales. Antenna sorghum brown with buff spots dorsally. Head, thorax, and forewing ground color sorghum brown, the forewing slightly paler toward dorsum, and with very fine fuscous irroration; from near base, along cell, a faint buff stripe extends nearly to termen; near apical third, inside costa, a small but well-defined blackish spot; cilia sorghum brown. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia with reddish tinge. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs sorghum brown with fine fuscous irrorations; hindleg tibia mostly ochra- ceous buff. Abdomen ochraceous buff dorsally, sorghum brown ventrally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24776. Ostium broad, transverse, funnel-shaped. Inception of ductus seminalis lateral, from ductus bursae slightly posterior to bursa copulatrix. Ductus bur- NUMBER 416 27 FIGURE 19.—Ernophthora denticornis (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 20.—Emophthora iospila, new species, ventral view of female genitalia. sae membranous. Bursa copulatrix very finely granular. Signum a curved, sclerotized rod with a triangular, dentate plate anteriorly. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100729. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 9 holotype (20 Feb 1968) and 7$ paratypes with the same data. This species has an almost unicolorous fore- wing. The only contrasting feature is the small black dot inside costa at about apical third. One specimen, the largest of the series, has a some- what darker hindwing than the other examples. Emophthora dryinandra (Meyrick) FIGURES 21, 27ba-d Aspithra dryinandra Meyrick, 1929b: 157. Emophthora dryinandra (Meyrick).—Meyrick, 1934c:335. Male genitalia slides USNM 24780, 24817. Harpe slightly broader at middle, evenly curved; costa sclerotized; cucullus rounded. Transtillar arms converging to form a long, sclerotized, median rod. Uncus narrowed distally, with basal lateral arms. Vinculum a broad band. Tegumen broader than long. Anellus a quadrate plate with posterior pointed processes laterally. Aedeagus smooth, curved; vesica armed with an irregular patch of spiculate cornuti. Female genitalia slides USNM 24777, 24778, 24779, 24784. Ostium very broad, funnel- shaped. Inception of ductus seminalis lateral, from anterior third of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous except finely granular be- fore ostium. Bursa copulatrix mostly membra- nous but partly finely granular. Signum an oval, sclerotized plate armed with dentate processes. LECTOTYPE.—Male, 18 mm., "Hiva Oa, Mar- quesas. At light, 3500 ft 28.1.25 St. George Expedn. C.L. Collenette." The specimen is marked "Allotype" on a yellow-bordered, round label. A rectangular label reads, "Aspithra dryi- nandra Meyrick. Allotype." A third, small rectan- NUMBER 416 29 FIGURE 21.—Ernophthora dryinandra (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY gular label bears the inscription "Brit. Mus. 1925-488." Slide JFGC No. 11951. Lectotype hereby designated. Lectotype is in the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, 3500 ft (1067 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. I have 50 specimens from the following local- ities. Nuku Hiva: Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m), 30 Jan 1968, 1$. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3700-3800 ft (1028-1158 m), 20 Feb to 20 Mar 1958, 96, 28$ (11-20 Mar dates for reared specimens). Ootua, 800 m, 27-30 July 1977, 1$ (Montgomery). Fatu Hiva: Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 69; Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 Mar 1968, 1$. Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 750 m, 1-3 Aug 1977, Id* (Montgomery). Uapou: above Haka- hetau, 800 m, 23-24 July 1977, 26 19 (Mont- gomery). FOOD PLANT.—Vaccinium cereum (L.f.) Forster f. (HO8). The Vaccinium was growing alongside the trail at 3700 ft (1028 m), in the cloud forest, among thick moss, fern, and other plants, and was re- cumbent and vinelike. The larvae of dryinandra feed in the leaves, tying them together, skeleton- izing large areas. Ernophthora lechriogramma, new species FIGURES 22, 275e-g Alar expanse 16-24 mm. Male: Labial palpus prout's brown mixed with very fine fuscous irrorations. Antenna light gray- ish brown with prout's brown spots dorsally. Head, thorax, and forewing ground color prout's brown, the whole finely speckled with fuscous; center of thorax with a warm buff patch; tegula fuscous posteriorly; from near base of costa to middorsum a slender buff line with a parallel fuscous shade inwardly; in outer third of fore- wing a perceptible, outwardly oblique, fuscous shade; termen with a slender blackish fuscous line; cilia reddish. Hindwing gray with modified scales centrally, some toward costa metallic; an elongate light buff patch subcostally; margins light buff; terminal line, narrow, blackish fus- cous; cilia light buff to ochraceous buff. Fore- and midlegs prout's brown, suffused fuscous; hindleg mostly ochraceous buff; femur shaded prout's brown. Abdomen gray dorsally shading to buff posteriorly; buff ventrally suffused brownish. Female: Essentially the same as male except hindwing pale buff, slightly darker toward apex; cilia buff except darker around apical portion of termen. Abdomen ochraceous buff dorsally; ven- trally shaded prout's brown. Male genitalia slides USNM 24809, 24816. Harpe simple, broadest at middle; costa narrowly sclerotized; cucullus rounded. Transtilla with a slender, sclerotized median process indented dis- tally. Uncus narrowly triangular with a knobbed process basally on each side. Vinculum broadly rounded. Tegumen broader than long. Anellus a subquadrate plate with digitate process poste- riorly on each side. Aedeagus stout, simple, curved; vesica armed with a few weak spiculate cornuti. Female genitalia slides USNM 25182, 25183, 25184. Ostium transverse, broad, funnel-shaped. Inception of ductus seminalis lateral, about mid- dle of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membra- nous. Bursa copulatrix membranous, with some weak granulation. Signum a small oval plate with an anterior extention on one side, the whole comblike on inner edge. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100727. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. Described from the 6 holotype (20 Feb 1968), 30 6 and 699 paratypes from the following local- ities. Nuku Hiva: Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m), 30 Jan 1968, 16; Tunoa Ridge 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 126, 179. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m), 20 Feb 1968, 96\ 139, and 3400 ft (1036 m), 1 Mar 1968, 229; Ootua, 800 m, 27-30 Jul 1977, 49; Toovii, Ooumu, 900 m, 16-19 July 1977, 19 (Montgomery). Fatu Hiva: Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 Mar 1968, 69; Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 NUMBER 416 31 FIGURE 22.—Ernophthora lechriogramma, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY m), 22 Mar 1968, 59; Mt Upe, 2025 ft (617 m), 3 Apr 1968, 1$. Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 150 m, 1- 3 Aug 1977, 1$ (Montgomery). Uapou: above Hakahetau, 800 m, 23-24 Jul 1977, 86, 49 (Montgomery). FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Ernophthora lechriogramma is similar, and closely related to denticornis, but lacks the pale transverse fascia well before termen and also lacks the light outwardly oblique dash slightly beyond middle. The females collected in March and April are lighter colored (considerably more reddish) than those collected in January and February. Ernophthora aphanoptera, new species FIGURES 23, 276a,b Alar expanse 15-20 mm. Labial palpus deep olive buff; second and third segments each with a patch of mixed fuscous and reddish scales on outer side. Antenna deep olive buff spotted fuscous dorsally. Head and thorax a mixture of deep olive buff, fuscous and reddish scales. Forewing ground color blackish fuscous but largely obscured by olive buff, white, and reddish scales; usually from basal fourth of costa a poorly defined, transverse fascia indicated by mixed white and reddish scales; on middle of costa a more-or-less well-defined, large triangle of ground color; much of dorsum broadly marked by white and reddish scales; along ter- men a series of 6 or 7 blackish fuscous spots; cilia mixed deep olive buff, fuscous, and reddish. Hindwing of 6 silvery gray; cilia deep olive buff with a grayish subbasal line; 9 deep olive buff, cilia a shade lighter. Fore- and midleg a mixture of blackish fuscous, reddish, and deep olive buff; hindleg deep olive buff with some grayish suffu- sion. Abdomen of 6 gray, mixed olive buff dor- sally, deep olive buff ventrally; 9 deep olive buff, ventrally with some grayish fuscous scaling. Male genitalia slides USNM 24781, 24782. Harpe simple, curved, costa broadly sclerotized; cucullus rounded. Median arm of transtilla reaching end of uncus, distal end indented. Un- cus long, slender, bluntly pointed. Vinculum broadly rounded. Tegumen broader than long. Anellus a subquadrate plate with a slender, digi- tate process from each side posteriorly. Aedeagus stout, curved; vesica armed with a cluster of very fine cornuti. Female genitalia slide USNM 24783. Ostium transverse, funnel-shaped. Inception of ductus seminalis from anterior end of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous. Bursa copulatrix finely spiculate to granular. Signum an oval, scle- rotized plate with serrate edge. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100730. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. FOOD PLANT.—Bidens heneyi Scherff. (HO9). Described from the 6 holotype (30 Jan 1968), 96* and 69 paratypes as follows. Nuku Hiva: Tap- uaooa, 2500 ft (762 m), 30 Jan 1968, 36\ 4$; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 26, 19. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3400 ft (1036 m), 1 Mar and Em 15 Mar 1968, 26; and 3800 ft (1158 m), 20 Feb 1968, 26. Fatu Hiva: Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 19. The genitalia of E. aphanoptera are, for all practical purposes, identical to those E. dryinan- dra, but the coloring of both males and females of the former is different from that of the latter. The larvae were feeding on the leaves of the yellow flowered composite shrub Bidens heneyi growing alongside trail (cloud forest). The larvae fed mainly in the terminals. Webbing between the leaves was conspicuous. Some feeding takes place among dead leaves attached to the plant. One pupa was found in a rolled dead leaf. Ernophthora palassoptera, new species FIGURES 24, 275h Alar expanse 16 mm. Labial palpus clay color speckled fuscous. An- tenna clay color with grayish fuscous annulations. Head and thorax clay color mixed with fuscous scales. Forewing ground color clay color abun- dantly speckled fuscous; from basal third of costa, NUMBER 416 33 FIGURE 23.—Ernophthora aphanoptera, new species: a, ven- tral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 24.—Ernophthora palassoptera, new species, ventral view of Female genitalia. an outwardly oblique pale clay color transverse line extends to middorsum; a very faint pale clay color transverse line extends subapically from costa to tornus; slightly beyond middle, inside costa, a blackish fuscous spot; subterminally, a series of four blackish fuscous spots; cilia clay color with grayish fuscous subbasal line. Hind- wing buff, slightly infuscated toward margins; cilia pale clay color with darker subbasal line. Legs buff variously marked with fuscous. Abdo- men light ochraceous buff dorsally with a sprin- kling of fuscous scales; ventrally profusely irror- ate fuscous. Female genitalia slide USNM 25245. Ostium rather small, transverse. Inception of ductus sem- inalis lateral, from posterior end of bursa copu- latrix. Ductus bursae membranous. Bursa copu- latrix membranous, finely grandular. Signum a small, sclerotized plate, irregularly dentate ante- riorly. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100728. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 9 holotype (27 Mar 1968). Of all the Ernophthora species recorded from the Marquesas, palassoptera is the only one that has a uniform ground color speckled with black- ish fuscous. The signum places palassoptera near dryinandra. Ernophthora maculicostella (Ragonot), new combination FIGURES 25, 276c Aspithra maculicostella Ragonot, 1888: 37.—Meyrick, 1929b: 157. Male genitalia slide USNM 24867. Harpe sim- ple, costa strongly sclerotized. Transtilla 3- branched, the median branch very long, slightly indented distally. Uncus very long, bluntly pointed. Vinculum broadly rounded. Tegumen broader than long. Anellus a subquadrate plate NUMBER 416 35 FIGURE 25.—Ernophthora maculicostella (Ragonot): a, ven- tral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. '-'f 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY with digitate process on each side posteriorly. Aedeagus stout, slightly bent; vesica armed with a large, dense cluster of small cornuti. Female genitalia slide USNM 24868. Ostium broad, transverse. Inception of ductus seminalis from anterior third of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous. Bursa copulatrix mostly membranous, with some fine to coarse granula- tions. Signum a subtriangular sclerotized plate with a large toothlike projection from one end, the latter with dentate inner edge. HOLOTYPE.—In the Museum d'Histoire Na- turelle, Paris. TYPE-LOCALITY.—"lies Marquises." DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. I did not find this species on our expedition, and it is known to me only from the type and the series in the British Museum (Natural History). Ernophthora chrysura (Meyrick) FIGURES 26, 276; Lectotype Eudioptes indica Saunders det. M. Shaffer, 1979 [lectotype hereby designated]. Paralectotype 6; Eudioptes Hb. Phakellura L. Gueld. E. indica Saunders Trans. Ent. Soc. NS. 1. p. 163 pi. 12 f. 7 • ^ Java; Paralectotype Eudioptes indica Saunders det. M. Shaffer, 1979. Both specimens are set, the lectotype is mounted upside down and neither specimen has been dis- sected. Full reference for this name is Saunders, 1851. Trans. Ent. Soc. London new series 1850-51 1:163 pi. 12 figs. 5, 6, 7 Eudioptes, type locality Java. Phakellura indicalis Moore would appear to be an emen- dation of indica. Phakellura gazorialis Guenee, 1854. Lepid. Het. 8 Delt. & Pyr. :297 Java 1 male coll. Lefebvre. Type could be in Paris or even Leiden. Phakellura zygaenalis Guenee, 1854. ditto :297 Judea ? 1 male coll. Roux (doubtful locality) 1 male from unknown locality. Type possibly in Paris. Eudioptis capensis Zeller, 1852. Lepid. Caffr. :52 66 South Africa, Limpopo and Gariep rivers. Syntypes not yet traced but could very well turn up in the BM accessions. Phakellura curcubitalis Guenee, 1862. Annexe G de L'ouvrage intitule: Notes sur Pile de la Reunion. Lepidop- teres: 64 ex number from Reunion. 1 specimen possibly male labelled as type in MNHN, Paris. FOOD PLANTS.—Gossypium herbaceum L., Ery- thrina corallodendron L., Luffa aegyptiaca Miller, Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxburgh, Trichosanthes anguina L., Trichosanthes palmata Roxburgh, Cu- curbita lagenaria (L.) L. (= Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standby), "pumpkin and mellon leaves." This is the common "cucumber moth" of the Indo-Australian region, but the species probably attacks other cucurbits more than it does cucum- ber. With regard to "pumpkin," Dr. Raymond Fos- berg, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Insti- tution, provided the following note. Bailey, Hortus Third gives the common name "pumpkin" to four species of Cucurbita—C. maxima, C. mixta, C. mos- chata, and C. pepo. The typical ujack-o-lantern" pumpkin is a NUMBER 416 81 cultivar of Cucurbita pepo L. This is the sense in which I have used C. pepo, but it also includes a number of other cultivars. If you can describe the one you are calling pumpkin, perhaps I can give you a more precise or reliable determination. Most cultivars may be hybrids of two or more of the above species. Genus Autocodes Guenee Autocodes Guenee, 1854:258. TYPE-SPECIES.—Aulacodes aechmialis Guenee, 1854:258, by monotypy. Aulacodes eupselias Meyrick FIGURES 54, 280b Aulacodes eupselias Meyrick, 1929b: 161; 1934c:336. Male genitalia slide USNM 24819. Harpe sim- ple, heavily clothed with long fine setae; cucullus slightly wider than the remainder of harpe. Un- cus two digitate processes armed with short stout setae. Vinculum triangular. Tegumen subquad- rate with two groups of long, strong setae pos- terodorsally. Anellus a small, sclerotized plate. Aedeagus stout, nearly straight; vesica armed with two strong cornuti. Female genitalia slide USNM 24820. Ostium V-shaped. Inception of ductus seminalis dorsolat- eral from anterior end of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae sclerotized, enlarged anteriorly and with two conspicuous digitate processes ventrally. Bursa copulatrix finely granular. Signum a small sclerotized cone. HOLOTYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Tahuata. DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands. I have before me the following specimens. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3400 ft (1036 m), 2$. Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 11 Mar to 25 Mar 1968, 16, 2$; Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 Mar 1968, 16; Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 36, 19; Mt. Upe, 2025 ft (617 m), 3 Apr 1968, 26, 19. Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 1-3 Aug 1977. \6 (Mont- gomery). FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Although present records indicate that distri- bution is confined to three islands, further search will undoubtedly reveal the presence of eupselias elsewhere in the Marquesas. Genus Cangetta Moore Cangetta Moore, 1886:314. TYPE-SPECIES—Cangetta rectilinea Moore, 1886:314, pi. 182: Fig. 8, by monotypy. Cangetta eschatia, new species FIGURES 55, 280c Alar expanse 11-12 mm. Labial palpus white with two grayish fuscous spots on outer side of second segment. Antenna pale grayish with darker annulations. Head, thorax, and fore wing ground color wood brown; antemedian and postmedian transverse lines fus- cous, the postmedian line irregular; between the two transverse lines, near costa, a fuscous blotch; from costa, just before apex, a fuscous line curves outwardly along termen, thence to tornus; be- yond this subterminal line, apex and termen pale ochraceous buff; cilia buff to brownish with fus- cous subbasal line. Hindwing wood brown; trans- verse lines fuscous; subterminal line fuscous; cilia wood brown, basal line fuscous. Legs pale ochra- ceous buff, suffused grayish. Abdomen brown dorsally, ventrally pale ochraceous buff suffused grayish. Female genitalia slide USNM 25172. Ostium slitlike, transverse, entering an elongate, sclero- tized lateral sac. Inception of ductus seminalis dorsal, from posterior end of ductus bursae. Duc- tus bursae membranous, slender. Bursa copula- trix elongate, oval, membranous, with suggestion of granulations. Signum a small, lightly sclero- tized plate with a slender hooklike process from posterior edge. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100736. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 54.—Aulacodes eupselias Meyrick: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed, and showing corema; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 83 FIGURE 55.—Cangetta eschatia, new species, ventral view of female genitalia. Described from the 9 holotype (27 Mar 1968) and one 9 paratype Fatu Hiva, Mt. Upe, 2025 ft (617 m), 3 Apr 1968. This species is similar to C. rectilinea Moore, but is smaller, with the forewing more uniformly colored and lacks the white legs of rectilinea. Genus Piletocera Lederer Piletocera Lederer, 1863:431. TYPE-SPECIES.—Piletocera violalis Lederer, 1863:431, pi. 16: fig. 15, by monotypy. Piletocera signiferalis (Wallengren) FIGURES 56, 57, 280«-/i Isopteryx signiferalis Wallengren, 1860:175. Piletocera signiferalis (Wallengren).—Hampson, 1897: 210.—Rebel, 1910b:430; 1915:146.—Meyrick, 1929b: 162; 1934c:337.—Tarns, 1935:269.—Klima, 1937: 175,—Swezey, 1946:178.—Viette, 1949a:322.—Kraus, 1953b:219.—Comstock, 1966:55.—Clarke, 1971:83, figs. 76, 77. Ceratoclasis barbicornis Felder and Rogenhofer, 1874 [1864- 1875]:6, pi. 136: fig. 1. Rinecera mirabilis Butler, 1884a:95; 1886b:424. Strepsimela signiferalis (Wallengren).—Meyrick, 1886b:250; 1887:222.—Druce, 1888a:230. Rinecera nigrescens Butler, 1886b:424. Types.—Depository unknown (signiferalis); in the British Museum (Natural History) (barbicor- nis, mirabilis, nigrescens). TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Tahiti (signiferalis); Car- oline Islands (mirabilis); Viti Islands (nigrescens); Fiji (barbicornis). DISTRIBUTION.—Loyalty Islands, Cook Is- lands, New Hebrides, Fiji, Elice Islands, Tonga, Society Islands, Austral Islands, Marquesas Is- lands, Micronesia; Southeast Asia? also recorded from Natal. Our records from the Marquesas Islands are as follows. Nuku Hiva: Pakiu Valley, 1000-1800 ft (305-549 m), 17-28 Jan 1968, 99; Taiohae, 15 Jan to 3 Feb 1968, 8d\ 159; Tapuaooa, 2000 ft (610 m), 16; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 29- Hiva Oa: Atuona, 11 Feb to 8 Mar 1968, 119; Puamau, 8 Feb 1968, 39; Ta- 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 56.—Piletocera signiferalis (Wallengren): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia; d, venation of right wings, 6. NUMBER 416 FIGURE 57.—Piletocera signiferalis (Wallengren), male corema. hauku, 26 Feb 1968, 1$. Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 11- 21 Mar 1968, 46, 159; Omoa Valley, 16 Mar 1968, 1$; Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 1(5. Uapou: above Hakahetau, 800 m, 23- 24 Jul 1977, 16* (Montgomery). Eiao: N. high- lands, 400 m, 7 Aug 1977, 1$ (Montgomery). FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. I have compared our series of signiferalis with a series from Tahiti, the type-locality, and the two appear to be identical. Undoubtedly, some populations from other localities throughout the range of this species will vary from the typical as does the population from Rapa (Clarke, 1971:83). Although widely distributed in the Pacific, sig- niferalis apparently has not reached the Hawaiian Islands. Genus Aethaloessa Lederer Aethaloessa Lederer, 1863:435. TYPE-SPECIES.—Stenia floridalis Zeller, 1852 [1854]:60; subsequent designation by Shibuya, 1928b: 192. Aethaloessa calidalis tiphalis (Walker) FIGURES 58, 281a Syngamia tiphalis Walker, 1859 [1856-1866):335. Aethaloessa calidalis tiphalis (Walker)!— Whalley, 1961:106, fig. 3a,b, pi. 4: fig. 3. Syngamia octavialis Walker, 1859 [1856-1866]:334. Hyaleafulvidalis Wallengren, 1860:174. Chnaura octavialis (Walker).—Lederer, 1863:435. Syngamia secutalis Walker, 1866 [1856-1866]: 1291. Botys witalis Felder in Felder et al., 1875 [1864-1875], pi. 135: fig. 8. Syngamia floridalis.—Hampson 1898:644 [not Syngamia flor- idalis Zeller]. Syngamia aurantiaca Hampson, 1912b:254. Male genitalia slide USNM 24834. Harpe very lightly sclerotized; near base of costa a cluster of fine setae and another near outer end; a slender sclerotized longitudinal rod well inside costa ex- tends nearly to cucullus; slightly beyond middle of sacculus a small papilla followed by a strong single seta. Uncus two spined lobes. Vinculum subquadrate; saccus elongate. Tegumen very narrow. Anellus a very lightly sclerotized plate. Aedeagus moderately stout, nearly straight; ves- ica armed with one strong cornutus, a series of 86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 58.—Aethaloessa calidalis tiphalis (Walker): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed, and showing corema; b, aedeagus. thornlike cornuti and an elongate patch of gran- ules. TYPES.—In the British Museum (Natural His- tory) (tiphalis, secutalis, octavialis, aurantiaca); depositories unknown (fulvidalis, witalis). TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Celebes (tiphalis); Siam (secutalis); Tahiti (fulvidalis); Sumatra (octavi- alis); "Insulae vitiani" (witalis); Singapore (auran- tiaca). DISTRIBUTION.—Malaya, Burma, Formosa, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Ireland, Bali, New Britain, Ceram, Sudest Island, Rook Island, Tambora, Philippines, Samoa, Tahiti, Tenimber, Warri, Australia (Queensland and New South Wales) according to Whalley, 1961. Marquesas Islands. We have one specimen from Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 15 Mar 1968, 16. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Unfortunately I do not have a female available for study. Subfamily PYRALINAE Genus Pyralis Linnaeus Pyralis Linnaeus, 1758:1-533. NUMBER 416 87 TYPE-SPECIES.—Phlaena Pyralis farinalis Lin- naeus, 1758:533; by subsequent designation by the International Commission on Zoological No- menclature, 1957, Opinions, Declarations, Inter- national Commission on Zoological Nomencla- ture, 15 (Opinion 450):254. Pyralis pictalis (Curtis) FIGURES 59, 28\b Asopia pictalis Curtis, 1834 [1824-1839], pi. 503; 1837:205 [No. 981].—Henich-Schaffer, 1849 [1843-1856], 4:123 [No. 9].—Lederer, 1863:343.—Snellen, 1883:122. Pyralis pictalis (Curtis).—Stephens, 1834:395.—Guenee, 1854, 8:120, No. 9.—Walker, 1859, 17: 267,—Snellen, 1883:122.—Swinhoe and Cotes, 1888 [1887-1889], 5:657 [No. 4458].—Swinhoe, 1890:291.—Ragonot, 1891:38.—Meyrick, 1894a: 12; 1895:428.—Hampson, 1896 [1894-1896], 4:150; 1896:508.—Swinhoe, 1900:431.—Rebel, 1901:45 [No. 839].—Leech, 1901:423.—Matsumura, 1908:202 [No. 1685].—Du- port, 1913:36 [No. 237], 46.—Strand, 1919:58.—Shi- buya, 1928a: 150; 1928b: 120.—Meyrick, 1928:445.—de Joannis, 1930 [1929-1930]: [400] 638.—Matsumura, 1931:1048.—Meyrick, 1935a:30.—Sevastopulo, 1935: 205.—Pierce and Metcalf, 1938:39, pi. 22.—Ghosh, 1940c: 196.—Ghesquiere, 1942:209.—Corbet and Tarns, 1943c:64, 80, figs. 46, 104, 141.—Kloet and Hincks, 1945:116.—Amsel, 1954b:310.—Inoue, 1955:150 [No. 843].—Wattal and Kalra, 1960:77-79, pi. la.b.—Kloet and Hincks, 1972:44.—Auctorum, 1979:212 [No. 1383].—Inoue et al., 1982, 1:381, 2: pi. 43: fig. 3. Pyralis pronoealis Walker, 1859 [1856-1866]:906. Asopia pronoealis (Walker).—Lederer, 1863:343, 458. Myelois bractiatella Walker, 1863 [1856-1866]:36. Pyralis suggeralis Walker, 1866 [1856-1866]: 1237. Pyralis elachia Butler, 1879:70, pi. 58: fig. 3. Pyralis bractiatella (Walker).—Moore, 1885 [1884- 1887]:262, pi. 178: fig. 5. Female genitalia slide USNM 24880. Ostium rather small, funnel-shaped. Antrum sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis at anterior margin of antrum. Ductus bursae mostly membranous, with a coarsely granular area at about posterior third. Bursa copulatrix membranous. Signum ab- sent. TYPES.—In the British Museum (Natural His- tory) {pronoealis bractiatella, suggeralis, elachia); Australia? (pictalis). TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Great Britain? (pictalis); FIGURE 59.—Pyralis pictalis (Curtis), ventral view of female genitalia. 88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Sarawak (pronoealis); Ceylon (bractiatella); Sara- wak (suggeralis); Japan {elachia). DISTRIBUTION.—Southern India, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Philippine Islands, New Guinea, Java, Khasi Hills, Formosa, Japan, Accra, England, Marquesas Islands, Europe, Burma, Sumatra, Gilbert Islands, Belgian Congo, South Africa, Fiji, Siam (Thailand), West Africa, Northwest Himalaya, Central and Western China. We have only a single record from the Mar- quesas Islands. Hiva Oa: Atuona, 15 Feb 1968, 1$. FOOD.—Grains; eggs of bedbug. This widely distributed species is undoubtedly spread through commerce. Subfamily CRAMBINAE Genus Idioblasta Warren Idioblasta Warren, 1891:62. TYPE-SPECIES.—Idioblasta lacteata Warren, 1891:62, by original designation. Following is a quote from Zimmerman (1958b:296) in which he discusses the separation of Idioblasta from the Hawaiian Mestolobes. There have been several species of Mestolobes described from the Marquesas, but this has been done in error. The Marquesan species belong to Idioblasta Warren (1891:62, type Idioblasta lacteata Warren). Hampson (1899:239) sank Idioblasta as a synonym of Pionea in the Pyraustinae. He ignored the fact that Idioblasta bears the typical Crambinae pecten in the hind wing. Hampson's latest arrangement in the British Museum has the species in Hapalia, also in the Pyraustinae. Meyrick (1929[b]:165) noted Hampson's sink- ing Idioblasta under Pionea, and he pointed out that it is very distinct and redescribed it. Meyrick later (1934[c]:340) sank Idioblasta as a synonym of Mestolobes. In his personal collec- tion, now in the British Museum, Meyrick put Idioblasta in front of Mestolobes under the title uIdioblasta Meyr." [sic!]. It would be most helpful if Meyrick's conclusion that the two genera were the same could be substantiated, because we would then know extra-Hawaiian Mestolobes and might be able to say whence the genus came, but Idioblasta is not a synonym of Mestolobes. A careful examination will reveal quickly obvious differences between the genera. Idioblasta has a developed pecten on the hind wing, and the genitalia of both sexes are very different from Mestolobes. On Idiob- lasta lacteata, the type of Idioblasta, the male genital valves are of a basically distinct form from Mestolobes, and the uncus resembles an arm and hand with five long, outstretched fingers; the gnathos is a broad, apically truncated, sub- spatulate organ. The female genitalia show no resemblance to Mestolobes. Instead of the short, broad ovipositor of Mes- tolobes, Idioblasta has a narrow, greatly elongated ovipositor which exceeds the length of the remainder of the genitalia combined, there is no trace of the peculiar paired accessory sacs, and the female genitalia somewhat resemble those of Orthomecyna. Key to the Species of Idioblasta 1. Hindwing white with fuscous margin 2 Hindwing otherwise 3 2. Forewing with several dark, contrasting lines lacteata Warren Forewing without such contrasting lines linearis, new species 3. Hindwing almost wholly blackish fucous procellaris (Meyrick) Hindwing otherwise 4 4. Forewing with at least two highly contrasting lines transversata, new species Forewing otherwise 5 5. Forewing with one highly contrasting transverse line stenogramma, new species Forewing without highly contrasting lines 6 6. Hindwing apex only blackish fuscous; forewing light orange yellow acrogramma, new species Hindwing otherwise 7 NUMBER 416 89 7. Fore- and hindwing without contrasting markings. . . acleropa (Meyrick) Fore- and hindwing otherwise 8 8. Entire margin of hindwing blackish fuscous isoterma (Meyrick) Apical half of hindwing and streak on anal angle blackish fuscous 9 9. Forewing with no indication of transverse line amydrosoma, new species Forewing with two weakly indicated transverse lines straminata Warren Idioblasta straminata Warren Idioblasta straminata Warren, 1891:62. HOLOTYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Marquesas Islands." DISTRIBUTION.—Tahuata. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Unfortunately, the abdomen of the type is missing and no comparison of the genitalia with those of other species can be made. The weakly indicated lines of the forewing are similar to those of procellaris, but the latter species has an almost completely black hindwing, is from a dif- ferent island, and most certainly is distinct. The type-locality was given as "Marquesas Is- lands" in the original description, but the label data indicate that the type is actually from the island of Tahuata. Idioblasta lacteata Warren FIGURES 60, 281 d,e Idioblasta lacteata Warren, 1891:62—Zimmerman, 1958b: 296. Mestolobes lacteata (Warren).—Meyrick, 1929b: 165; 1934c: 341. Male genitalia slide USNM 24876. Harpe very thick and strongly sclerotized, this area produced as a sharp point at outer part of costa; near base of costa a C-shaped process followed by a dentate spur; from ventral edge of sclerotized part a series of hooked setae; sacculus narrow, membra- nous; cucullus bluntly pointed. Gnathos spoon- shaped. Uncus distally divided into five-pointed, curved processes. Vinculum broadly M-shaped. Tegumen about as long as uncus. Anellus a fleshy pad. Aedeagus slender, curved; vesica armed with a series of spiculate cornuti. ORIGINAL MATERIAL.—"One female, two males, Marquesas Islands." LECTOTYPE.—Male, "Nuku Hiva I. Marquesas I. BM. slide No. 1012," hereby designated. The usual red-circled type label is attached to the pin. TYPE-LOCALITY.—"Nukahiva I. Marquesas Is- lands." Lectotype is in the British Museum (Natural History). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva, Uapou. Before me are six specimens as follows. Nuku Hiva: Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m), 30 Jan 1968, let; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 56. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Originally described from Nuku Hiva, this spe- cies was recorded from Uapou by Meyrick (1934c:341), and probably occurs elsewhere in the Marquesas. Idioblasta procellaris (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 61, 282a Mestolobes procellaris Meyrick, 1934c:341. Male genitalia slide USNM 24890. Harpe base broad, rather strongly sclerotized, this part pro- duced on costa as a sharply pointed, curved proc- ess; at base of costa a deep excavation forming a curved process proximally, and a toothlike point distally; cucullus slender, fleshy. Gnathos spoon- shaped. Uncus elongate, terminating in five sharply pointed, curved processes. Vinculum 90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 60.—Idioblasta lacteata Warren: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus. M-shaped. Tegumen longer than broad. Anellus a small sclerotized plate produced posteriorly on each side. Aedeagus slender, curved; vesica armed with a series of strong cornuti. Female genitalia slide USNM 25177. Ostium oval, transverse, ventral edge produced. Incep- tion of ductus seminalis about middle of mem- branous portion of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae posterior half flattened, strongly sclerotized, curved; from anterior end of sclerotized part a membranous section is directed dorsad, turns laterally then folds and is directed anteriorly to bursa. Bursa copulatrix granular. Signum absent. HOLOTYPE.—In the Bernice P. Bishop Mu- seum. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Omoa Valley, 1500 ft (457 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. Fatu Hiva: Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 16. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. When Meyrick described this species he stated (1934c:341): "The forewings in this insect are also partially rubbed, but apparently the absence of lines is natural. . . ." The transverse lines of the forewing are obvious in our specimen, which NUMBER 416 91 FIGURE 61.—Idioblasta procellaris (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY is in excellent condition (Figure 282a). These lines have the same conformation as those of straminata. The hindwings are characteristic. The male is smaller (18 mm) than the female type (20 mm). Idioblasta transversata, new species FIGURES 62, 2826 Idioblasta straminata.—Meyrick, 1929b: 165 [not Idioblasta straminata Warren.] Alar expanse 20—22 mm. Labial palpus pale ochraceous buff inter- spersed with blackish fuscous scales, especially dorsally. Antenna ochraceous buff dorsally, fus- cous ventrally; scape ochraceous buff. Head ochraceous buff. Thorax ochraceous buff with scattered blackish fuscous scales anteriorly; te- gula ochraceous buff with scattered blackish fus- cous scales. Forewing ground color ochraceous buff; in basal angle a blackish fuscous dash; in basal third a roughly S-shaped transverse line of loosely arranged blackish fuscous scales; across middle of wing a pair of highly contrasting black- ish fuscous lines; between these lines blackish fuscous irroration; terminal line slender, blackish fuscous; cilia pale ochraceous buff marked with groups of fuscous scales. Hindwing ochraceous buff to orange buff; apex with a large subtrian- gular blackish fuscous spot; anal angle marked with blackish fuscous dash. Foreleg pale ochra- ceous buff; tibia and tarsal segments marked fuscous; midleg similar but only tarsal segments marked fuscous; hindleg pale ochraceous buff. Abdomen ochraceous buff dorsally, light ochra- ceous buff ventrally. Male genitalia USNM slide 24833. Harpe broad basally and strongly sclerotized, this area narrowed distad and costa terminating in a sharply pointed, curved process; on ventral edge of sclerotized part a series of strong, curved setae; cucullus narrow, fleshy, weak; at base of costa a fleshy process. Gnathos spoon-shaped, broadened distally. Uncus terminating in a five- pointed claw. Vinculum M-shaped. Tegumen about as long as broad. Anellus a sclerotized plate. Aedeagus slender, slightly curved; vesica armed with numerous spiculate cornuti. Female genitalia USNM slide 25240. Ostium oval, transverse. Inception of ductus seminalis near junction of ductus bursae and bursa copu- latrix. Ductus bursae posterior three-fourths scle- rotized, flattened, curved, broadened anteriorly; anterior quarter at right angles to posterior part, ridged. Bursa copulatrix finely granular, long, slender. Signum absent. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100741. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. Described from the 6 holotype (20 Feb 1968), 16* and 1$ paratypes with same data as holotype, and 146* and 4$ paratypes as follows. Hiva Oa: 76, 2$, 27 Jan 1925, 3000-3500 ft (914-1067 m), beaten from herbage; 36\ 2$, 31 Dec 1924, 3000 ft (914 m), sheltering in Pandanus; 26, Jan 1925, 3500 ft (1067 m) at light; 16. Dec 1924, 3000 ft (914 m), all collected by C.L. Collenette. Ootua, 800 m, 27-30 Jul, 1977, \6 (Montgom- ery). FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Meyrick misidentified this species as straminata Warren and redescribed but did not name it. It is much larger and more contrastingly marked than straminata, even though the abdomen of straminata is missing, and the genitalia cannot be compared, I am certain that transversata is dis- tinct. Idioblasta isoterma (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 63, 281c Mestolobes isoterma Meyrick, 1934c:340. Female genitalia slide USNM 25189. Ostium irregular, transverse. Inception of ductus semin- alis from anterior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae strongly sclerotized posteriorly, then a granular section at right angles to the sclerotized part, followed anteriorly by a short membranous section. Bursa copulatrix mostly membranous, finely granular anteriorly. Signum absent. NUMBER 416 93 FIGURE 62.—Idioblasta transversata, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 63.—Idioblasta isoterma (Meyrick), ventral view of Female genitalia. HOLOTYPE.—In the Bernice P. Bishop Mu- seum. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatuuku, 860 ft (262 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatuuku. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. The entire series of this species is in deplorable condition, as indicated by Meyrick, but one thing is certain, there is a grayish or fuscous terminal area on the forewing bordered on the inner edge by a whitish or yellowish transverse line. The entire margin of the hindwing is blackish fuscous as in lacteata and linearis, new species. Idioblasta acleropa (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 64, 2 8 1 / Mestolobes acleropa Meyrick, 1934c:340. Male genitalia USNM 25190. Harpe broadly sclerotized and thickened, this part terminating in a curved, pointed process; costa arched before middle, with a dentate process before middle and a finger-like process near base; ventral edge with strongly curved setae. Gnathos subspatulate, broadened and granular distally. Uncus termi- nating in a five-fingered claw, the fingers short. Vinculum M-shaped. Tegumen long and narrow. Anellus a subquadrate plate with a thick, short process on each side posteriorly. Aedeagus slen- der, curved; vesica armed with a cluster of spi- nulate cornuti. HOLOTYPE.—In the Bernice P. Bishop Mu- seum. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Eiao, above Vaituha, 1200 ft (366 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Eiao. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. The holotype is the only specimen of this spe- cies that I have seen, and it is quite distinct from any others we encountered. Idioblasta stenogramma, new species FIGURES 65, 282c Alar expanse 18 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff; second segment with some gray scales apically on outer NUMBER 416 95 FIGURE 64.—Idioblasta acleropa (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus. side; third segment almost wholly gray on outer side. Antenna grayish fuscous; scape light orange yellow. Head, thorax, and forewing ground color light orange yellow; at basal fifth, inside costa, an ill-defined fuscous spot; at two-fifths of costa a short, outwardly oblique, slender, transverse line; from apical third of costa to tornus a prom- inent, blackish fuscous transverse line; extreme edge of termen narrowly fuscous; cilia light ochraceous buff. Hindwing light orange yellow, slightly paler basally; apex a blackish fuscous triangle; cilia mixed light orange yellow and light ochraceous buff. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs light buff; hindleg suffused yellowish. Abdomen light orange yellow dorsally; ventrally light buff suf- fused yellowish. Male genitalia slide USNM 24877. Harpe swollen and strongly sclerotized, costa terminat- ing in a curved, sharp point; saccular edge clothed with strong, recurved setae; cucullus fleshy, pointed; at base of harpe a fleshy finger- like process with a sharp tooth beyond. Gnathos spoon-shaped, distally broadened. Uncus broad basally, constricted at middle, terminating in five-pointed claw. Vinculum M-shaped. Tegu- men long and narrow. Anellus a fleshy plate with two dentate processes basally. Aedeagus slender, curved; vesica armed with numerous small, den- tate cornuti. HOLOTYPE—USNM 100742. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 6 holotype (30 Jan 1968). 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 65.—Idioblasta stenogramma, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus. Idioblasta stenogramma is similar to transversata but has only a single prominent transverse line on the forewing, the latter has two prominent lines. Also transversata measures 20-22 mm; but stenogramma measures only 18 mm. The female is unknown. Idioblasta amydrosoma, new species FIGURES 66, 282d Alar expanse 14 mm. Labial palpus cream white; second segment dorsolaterally fuscous; third segment fuscous. Antenna grayish fuscous; basal segments of fla- gellum pale orange yellow dorsally; scape pale orange yellow. Head, thorax, and forewing ground color pale orange yellow; forewing with- out any distinguishing markings; cilia concolo- rous. Hindwing pale orange yellow; most of api- cal half of wing fuscous; a fuscous dash in anal angle; cilia mixed fuscous and pale orange yellow apically, others pale orange yellow. Foreleg cream white suffused yellowish; tarsal segments marked fuscous; midleg missing; hindleg cream white suffused yellowish. Abdomen pale orange yellow dorsally; cream white ventrally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24879. Ostium transverse, oval. Inception of ductus seminalis from anterior part of ductus bursae. Ductus bur- sae posteriorly heavily sclerotized for nearly half its length; anterior section granular. Signum ab- sent. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100743. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuka Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 9 holotype (30 Jan 1968). Although similar to acrogramma, new species, NUMBER 416 97 FIGURE 66.—Idioblasta amydrosoma, new species, ventral view of female genitalia. amydrosoma has a paler forewing without any trace of transverse lines, and a greater area of the hindwing is marked by blackish fuscous. Fur- thermore, there is a blackish fuscous dash in the anal angle of hindwing of amydrosoma that is absent in acrogramma. Idioblasta acrogramma, new species FIGURES 67, 282* Alar expanse 15 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff; second segment with grayish fuscous scaling on outer side apically; third segment almost wholly grayish fuscous. Antenna grayish fuscous; scape light or- ange yellow. Head, thorax, and forewing ground color light orange yellow; from apical third of costa to tornus a somewhat darker shade indicat- ing an ill-defined transverse line; terminal line very slender, grayish fuscous; cilia light orange yellow, slightly darker distad. Hindwing light orange yellow, slightly paler basally; apex a small blackish fuscous triangle; cilia light orange yel- low; apical cilia with fuscous basal line. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs light buff, suffused yellowish; foretarsi spotted fuscous. Abdomen light orange yellow dorsally; ventrally light buff suffused yel- lowish. Male genitalia slide USNM 24878. Harpe thick, broadly sclerotized; base of costa with fin- ger-like, fleshy lobe, tooth beyond very small; costa terminating in a curved, pointed process; cucullus small, fleshy; ventral edge of harpe armed with a series of long, strong, curved setae. Gnathos subspatulate, curved; dorsodistally armed with spiculate setae. Uncus terminating in a five-pointed claw. Vinculum M-shaped. Tegu- men long and narrow. Anellus subsquadrate with a fleshy lobe on each side. Aedeagus slender, curved; vesica armed with a series of spiculate cornuti. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100744. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 6 holotype (30 Jan 1968). This is similar to, but smaller than steno- gramma, and lacks the prominent transverse line of forewing found in that species. 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 67.—Idioblasta acrogramma, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus. Idioblasta linearis, new species FIGURES 68, 282/ Alar expanse 16 mm. Labial palpus white; second segment light clay color dorsolaterally; third segment grayish fus- cous. Antenna grayish fuscous. Head sordid white with median grayish suffusion. Thorax sordid white; tegula grayish fuscous anteriorly. Forewing ground color sordid white with scat- tered light clay color scales over entire surface; from slightly before middle of costa an ill-de- fined, broken grayish fuscous line extends to middorsum; from apical third of costa an irreg- ular, narrow, grayish fuscous, transverse line ex- tends to tornus; between the two lines, at end of cell, a short grayish fuscous dash; around termen 8 grayish fuscous spots; extreme termen nar- rowly grayish fuscous; cilia white with grayish fuscous basal band. Hindwing shining white; margin entirely fuscous; cilia white. Foreleg sor- did white; tarsal segments marked grayish fus- NUMBER 416 99 FIGURE 68.—Idioblasta linearis, new species, ventral view of female genitalis. cous. Mid- and hindlegs sordid white with very pale grayish suffusion. Abdomen smoke gray dorsally; ventrally sordid white. Female genitalia slide USNM 25213. Ostium irregular. Inception of ductus seminalis from near junction of ductus bursae and bursa copu- latrix. Ductus bursae posterior two-thirds strongly sclerotized, curved; anterior third gran- ular, at right angles to sclerotized section, then directed anteriorly. Bursa copulatrix finely gran- ular. Signum absent. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100745. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 9 holotype (23 Jan 1968). This species has the same kind of hindwing that is found in lacteata, but none of the dark, strongly contrasting transverse lines of the fore- wing of that species. Subfamily SCOPARIINAE Genus Eudonia Billberg Eudonia Billberg, 1820:93. TYPE-SPECIES.—Phalaena Tinea mercurella Linnaeus, 1758:538, [No. 269]; by monotypy. Munroe (1972:47-72) presents an excellent description of the genus and treats the North American species. Regarding the Marquesan spe- cies, Munroe states the following (in litt. 8 Sept. 1982): All the species belong to the genus Eudonia. They appear close to the Hawaiian and Rapa species, also the Tahitian, but this genus is very uniform around the world, and the genitalia are just like those of Holarctic, Neotropical, Indo- Malayan, Papuan, Australian, Afrotropical and some New Zealand species. As you noted, there are representative forms, usually not identical, in the different islands . . . . The genitalia of the species of Eudonia are monotonously similar and are of little help in distinguishing most species. The males have sim- 100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY pie harpes, strikingly similar aedeagi, and the vesica in all species is armed with what appears to be a small disc of concentrated granules. In the females there is always a kink in the ductus bursae where the anterior membranous portion joins the posterior sclerotized half. Where the two parts join there is a heavily sclerotized tri- angular area armed with small teeth. Usually the number of teeth is obscured and is useless for diagnosis. Concerning the Rapa species (Clarke, 1971:86-89), which I placed in the genus Sco- paria, they become: Eudonia exterminate (Meyr- ick), new combination, Eudonia psednopa (Meyr- ick), new combination, and Eudonia tivira (Clarke), new combination. Key to the Species of Eudonia 1. Ground color of forewing yellow or yellowish . . . citrocosma (Meyrick) Ground color otherwise 2 2. Forewing with yellowish scales scattered over surface 3 Forewing otherwise 9 3. Alar expanse 15 mm or less 4 Alar expanse over 15 mm 6 4. Basal transverse line obsolete, ill-defined officialis (Meyrick) Basal transverse line clearly defined 5 5. From Nuku Hiva aplysia, new species From Hiva Oa spectacularis (Meyrick) 6. Basal transverse line ill-defined opostactis (Meyrick) Basal transverse line clearly defined 7 7. Labial palpus white at base ventrally 8 Labial palpus buff at base ventrally (from Fatu Hiva) clavula, new species 8. Forewing profusely covered with yellow ochre scales munroei, new species Forewing sparsely covered with yellowish scales chrysomicta (Meyrick) 9. Forewing ground color white 10 Forewing ground color fuscous or blackish fuscous 11 10. Basal transverse line broad (from Nuku Hiva) ara, new species Basal transverse line slender (Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva) . . clerica (Meyrick) 11. On costa, preapical white spot present dupla, new species On costa, preapical white spot absent achlya, new species Eudonia citrocosma (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 69, 283a Scoparia citrocosma Meyrick, 1929b: 166. Male genitalia slides USNM 25369, 25385. Harpe simple, cucullus broadly rounded. Gna- thos curved, bladelike. Uncus narrow, densely clothed with setae on each side. Vinculum rounded. Tegumen broad basally, narrowed pos- teriorly. Anellus pyriform. Aedeagus about as long as harpe, gently curved; vesica armed with a very finely dentate round disc. Female genitalia slides USNM 25368, 25386. Ostium broad, funnel-shaped. Inception of duc- tus seminalis at junction of sclerotized and mem- branous parts of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae posterior half sclerotized; anterior half coiled, NUMBER 416 101 FIGURE 69.—Eudonia citrocosma (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY membranous; at junction of the two parts a series of about 10 teeth. Bursa copulatrix finely gran- ular. Appendix bursae membraneous. Signum an oval, sclerotized, finely dentate plate. ORIGINAL MATERIAL.—"<$°. 18-20 mm . . . . Marquesas, Hiva Oa, 3500 feet, January; 21 ex." LECTOTYPE.—Label data are as follows: A large white label with "Hiva Oa, Marquesas, at light. 3500 ft. 28.1.25. St. George Expedn. C.L. Collenette." A small white label with "Brit. Mus. 1925-488." A narrow white label with "Scoparia citrocosma Meyr." A large white label reads "Sco- paria citrocosma Meyrick." BM Slide No. 96946*. At the top above all the other labels is a circular purple-bordered "type" label. Lectotype hereby designated. Lectotype is in the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, 3500 ft (1067 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. Our series of 18 specimens is as follows. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3400 and 3800 ft (1036 and 1158 m), 20 Feb and 1 Mar 1968, 96, 9$. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. The yellow ground color of the forewing dis- tinguishes citrocosma from any other known Mar- quesan Eudonia. Eudonia clavula, new species FIGURES 70, 283* Alar expanse 16-18 mm. Labial palpus grayish fuscous; ventrally, at base, very pale buff. Antenna fuscous. Head grayish fuscous and buff mixed. Thorax fuscous; tegula fuscous mixed with buff. Forewing ground color buff, strongly marked by blackish fuscous blotches and scattered light ochraceous- buff scales; from basal fourth of costa an irregu- lar transverse line of ground color extends to basal third of dorsum; beyond this line an irreg- ular blackish fuscous blotch; on tornus a blackish fuscous blotch; before apex a fuscous shade; on terminal edge a series of small blackish fuscous spots; subterminally, an ill-defined, irregular, transverse buff line; cilia mixed grayish and buff. Hindwing grayish fuscous, paler toward base; cilia grayish. Legs buff suffused grayish fuscous and marked with fuscous. Abdomen grayish fus- cous dorsally; buff ventrally. Male genitalia slides USNM 25370, 25371, 25403. Harpe broadest before cucullus; cucullus broadly rounded. Gnathos claviform. Uncus pro- fusely clothed with setae. Vinculum U-shaped. Tegumen narrowed posteriorly. Anellus pyri- form. Aedeagus nearly as long as harpe, stout, curved; vesica armed with a small granular disc. Female genitalia slides USNM 25372, 25373. Ostium funnel-shaped. Inception of ductus sem- inalis near junction of sclerotized posterior and membranous sections of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae lightly sclerotized in posterior half, mem- branous and coiled in anterior half. Bursa copulatrix finely granular; appendix bursae membranous. Signum an oval patch of granules. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100733. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Mt. Teoaiua 2000 ft (610 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fata Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype, 46 and 7$ paratypes as follows. Fatu Hiva: Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 26, 2$; Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 Mar 1968, ld\ Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 23-24 Jul and 1-3 Aug 1977, 16, 52 (Montgomery). Eudonia clavula is similar to citrocosma but lacks the yellow markings of that species. The males of clavula are easily distinguished from those of citrocosma by the claviform gnathos. Eudonia spectacularis (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 71, 283c Scoparia spectacularis Meyrick, 1929b:167, 1934c:342. Male genitalia slides USNM 25374, 25395. Harpe simple, rather narrow; cucullus rounded. Gnathos with distal third abruptly narrowed. Un- cus subtriangular, laterally densely clothed with setae. Vinculum rounded. Tegumen narrowed posteriorly. Anellus pyriform. Aedeagus about as long as harpe, curved, stout; vesica armed with a very small, granular disc. NUMBER 416 103 FIGURE 70.—Eudonia clavula, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 71.—Eudonia spectacularis (Meyrick): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 105 Female genitalia slides USNM 25377, 25396. Ostium broad, transverse, funnel-shaped. Incep- tion of ductus seminalis at junction of sclerotized and membranous parts of ductus bursae. At the point of inception of ductus seminalis two clusters of small teeth. Ductus bursae posterior half scle- rotized, anterior half membranous, coiled. Bursa copulatrix oval, granular. Appendix bursae membranous. Signum an oval granular plate. ORIGINAL MATERIAL.—"c59. 13-15 mm . . . . Marquesas, Hiva Oa (3500 feet), Fatu Hiva (2000 feet), January; 30 ex." LECTOTYPE.—A large white label reads "Hiva Oa, Marquesas, at light. 3500 ft. 28.1.25. St. George Expedn. C.L. Collenette." Then, a small white label "Brit. Mus. 1925-488." Another small white label reads "Original body, teste WHTT." A large white label has the inscription "Scoparia spectacularis Meyrick. Holotype." Then, a nar- row label in Meyrick's hand "Scoparia spectacu- laris Meyr." BM slide No. 969661. Lectotype here- by designated. LECTOTYPE is in the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, 3500 ft (1067 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. Our series of 25 specimens is from the follow- ing localities. Hiva Oa: Mt. Feani, 3400 and 3800 ft (1036 & 1158 m), 20 Feb and 1 Mar 1968, 9d\ 159; Atuona, 12 Feb 1968, I d FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Currently, this species is known only from the island of Hiva Oa. Generally, this species must be considered a high elevation taxon, but I can- not place the Atuona specimen (low elevation) with any other species. Eudonia opostactis (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 72, 283a phalaranthes phalaranthes Meyrick, ,, ,. A . ventral view of female genitalia. a very small transverse slit. Antrum a very nar- 6 136 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY row sclerotized ring. Inception of ductus semin- alis well before antrum. Ductus bursae very long, membranous. Bursa copulatrix membranous. Signum absent. Anterior apophyses sharply pointed; lamella antevaginalis and lamella post- vaginalis membranous. TYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural His- tory). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Kaava Ridge, 2460 ft (750 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Meyrick described this species from three fe- males from Hiva Oa. Of these, two, the type (Figure 289a) and one other still exist, but the second specimen is unrecognizable. As can be seen from the illustrations of phal- aranthes and aporrhegma, new subspecies (Figure 289a,b), they are very similar. The buff spots of phalaranthes are strongly marked with ferrugi- nous but those of aporrhegma are nearly un- marked. The costal edge on the underside of the hindwing is strongly marked with grayish fuscous in phalaranthes but only slightly marked in apor- rhegma. The female genitalia of phalaranthes and apor- rhegma are, as they should be, strikingly similar. In the absence of male genitalia of phalaranthes I cannot justify specific separation based on fe- male genitalia alone. Dichelopa phalaranthes aporrhegma, new subspecies FIGURES 94, 289b,c Alar expanse 10-15 mm. Labial palpus light buff; second segment with few slightly infuscated scales on outer side. An- tenna scape buff; flagellum light ochraceous buff. Head buff. Thorax buff. Forewing ground color light buff; basal fourth of costa buckthorn brown; from middle of costa an outwardly oblique incomplete fascia, mixed with light ochraceous-buff scales, extends to tornus where it joins a buckthorn brown shade, the latter ex- tending around termen to apex; extreme termen, from vein 4 to vein 7, light buff; on costa, before apex, two or three small buckthorn brown spots; from middle of cell to middle of dorsum, some buckthorn brown and light ochraceous-buff scales indicating a poorly defined, incomplete, transverse fascia; underside of forewing almost wholly grayish fuscous except for a large buff spot astride veins 10 and 11; cilia buff except at tornus grayish fuscous. Hindwing grayish fus- cous, paler toward base; cilia grayish. Forleg buff; tarsal segments strongly marked fuscous; midleg similar; hindleg light buff. Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally; light buff ventrally. Male genitalia slides USNM 24527 24528. Harpe broad basally; costa very strongly arched; sacculus strongly sclerotized basally, cucullus pointed. Gnathos arms slender, joined distally as a blunt point. Uncus curved ventrad, very broad distally; apically, inner surface profusely clothed with setae. Vinculum rounded. Tegumen nar- row, as long as harpe. Anellus an oval, sclerotized plate, indented posteriorly. Aedeagus broad bas- ally, tapering gradually to a sharp point; vesica unarmed. Female genitalia slides USNM 24336, 24529. Ostium small, round. Sterigma lightly sclero- tized. Antrum slightly and narrowly sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis left lateral, from well before antrum. Ductus bursae slender, long, membranous. Bursa copulatrix membranous. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100760. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype, 116 and 59 paratypes all with the same data (30 Jan 1968). In pattern aporrhegma is similar to Dichelopa fulvistrigata Meyrick(1929a:494) but the uncus is not divided in aporrhegma as it is in the latter species. Obviously; aporrhegma is no more than a subspecies of phalaranthes with differences as indicated under the nominate race. NUMBER 416 137 FIGURE 94.—Dichelopa phalaranthes aporrhegma, new sub- species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. f 138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Dichelopa ochroma, new species FIGURES 95, 289d Alar expanse 14 mm. Labial palpus light buff. Antenna ochraceous tawny. Head light buff. Thorax ochraceous tawny; tegula light buff except base ochraceous tawny. Forewing ground color ochraceous tawny; at extreme base a small buff spot; from basal fourth of costa a broad, outwardly oblique, transverse fascia extends to fold, narrows and continues to dorsal third; outer edge of fascia irregular, narrowly edged slightly more ochra- ceous than ground color; from costa, beyond middle, a broad, outwardly oblique buff trans- verse fascia extends to vein 7, narrows and con- tinues to vein 2 at tornus; underside fuscous except where fasciae show through; cilia buff except grayish fuscous around tornal edge. Hindwing grayish fuscous, lighter basally. Forleg ochraceous tawny; tarsal segments annulated fus- cous; midleg buff with two grayish fuscous patches on outer side of tibia; tarsal segments with slight infuscation; hindleg buff. Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally; light buff ventrally. Male genitalia slide USNM 24335. Harpe broadest at base, tapered to a bluntly pointed cucullus, costa not strongly arched; sacculus strongly sclerotized. Gnathos elements strong, curved, joined terminally as a sharp point. Socius long, slender, digitate. Uncus as long as tegumen, clavate, distally anterior surface clothed with strong setae. Transtillar lobe well developed; posterior margin armed with a comb of strong spines. Vinculum rounded. Tegumen nearly twice as long as wide. Anellus an oval sclerotized plate with median indentation posteriorly. Ae- deagus slender, thickened basally, terminating in a point; vesica unarmed. HOLOTYPE.— USNM 100761. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 6 holotype (30 Jan 1968). This species has somewhat the coloring of the subspecies aporrhegma but the banding of fore- wing is clearcut in ochroma and not broken as in the former. The harpe of ochroma is narrower and longer than that of aporrhegma and the costa is not as highly arched. Dichelopa gnoma, new species FIGURES 96, 289f 6* with thornlike processes from metascutum. Forewing ground color blackish fuscous; on :osta, at basal fourth, an ill-defined pale orange mellow, outwardly oblique dash; slightly beyond niddle of costa a rectangular pale orange yellow nark; subapically, on costa, a subtriangular pale grange yellow spot; dorsum broadly pale orange mellow, interrupted at middle and at tornus by extensions of the blackish fuscous ground color; >n termen two small pale orange yellow spots; :ilia mixed grayish and pale orange yellow at ornus, blackish fuscous along termen. Hindwing jrayish fuscous; cilia somewhat lighter. Foreleg rale ochraceous buff; all segments blackish fus- :ous on outer side; midleg pale ochraceous buff; ibia with blackish fuscous dash proximally; hin- lleg pale ochraceous buff; tibia with two fuscous lashes on outer side; first segment with a fuscous >lotch. Abdomen fuscous dorsally; ventrally pale ochraceous buff. The 7th tergum and 8th ster- num modified (Figure 147). Male genitalia slide USNM 24844. Harpe broad basally; neck elongate, narrow; cucullus slightly expanded. Brachia considerably longer than tegumen, curved, pointed. Tegumen shorter than broad. Aedeagus moderately slen- der, curved; manica with a rounded keel dorso- distally. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100791. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described form the 6 holotype (20 Feb 1968) and 3<5 paratypes, Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3400 ft (1036 m), 1 Mar 1968. 214 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 147.—Asymphorodes semiluteus, new species: a, lateral aspect of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, 8th sternum. This species might be confused with nigricor- nis, but semiluteus is a smaller insect and its light colored antenna immediately distinguishes it from the former. Moreover, the modifications of the 8th sterna of the two render separation of them very easy. Asymphorodes nigricornis, new species FIGURES 148, 299a Alar expanse 11 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff; second segment infuscated in outer side; third segment blackish fuscous on outer side, except apex. An- tenna blackish fuscous; scape light ochraceous buff with a blackish fuscous line posteroventrally. Head light ochraceous buff. Thorax light ochra- ceous buff except anteriorly, and tegula blackish fuscous except tip light ochraceous buff; male with thornlike processes from metascutum. Fore- wing ground color light ochraceous buff, largely obliterated by blackish fuscous markings; basal fourth blackish fuscous followed by irregular areas of ground color; middle half of wing black- ish fuscous interrupted by a spot of ground color slightly beyond middle of costa, and two spots of similar color on dorsum; in middle of cell a small NUMBER 416 215 FIGURE 148.—Asymphorodes nigricornis, new species: a, lateral aspect of male genitalia with aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, 7th tergum. blackish fuscous discal spot encircled by a ring of ground color; apical third of wing blackish fus- cous with a subapical spot of ground color on costa and a similarly colored spot slightly beyond tornus; near end of cell a triangular light ochra- ceous-buff spot; cilia grayish fuscous to blackish fuscous with a few light ochraceous-buff scales along termen. Hindwing fuscous; cilia somewhat lighter. Foreleg light ochraceous buff; tibia and tarsal segments blackish fuscous on outer side; midleg light ochraceous buff; tibia with a proxi- mal fuscous spot and a distal fuscous shade; tarsal segments lightly marked fuscous; hindleg light ochraceous buff; tibia with three fuscous marks on outer side; tarsal segments with light grayish suffusion. Abdomen blackish fuscous dorsally, buff, infuscated ventrally. Posterior segments of male not modified but intersegmental membrane following 7th tergum with a pair of sclerotized nodules. Male genitalia slide USNM 24843. Harpe broad, neck narrow; cucullus moderately ex- panded. Brachia broad and flattened distally and nearly black toward tips. Tegumen as long as broad. Aedeagus moderately slender, gently curved, truncate distally with a dorsal point; man- ica with a low dorsal keel. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100779. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m). 216 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the unique 6 holotype (27 Mar 1968). This species is similar in appearance to semilu- teus, new species, but is at once distinguished from it by the very dark antennae and the simple eighth sternum. Asymphorodes cicatricula, new species FIGURES 149, 299* Alar expanse 11-12 mm. Labial palpus pale ochraceous buff; second segment slightly infuscated anteriorly; third seg- ment almost wholly fuscous. Antenna blackish fuscous. Head buffy brown on crown, narrowly ochraceous laterally; frons pale ochraceous buff". Thorax buffy brown. Forewing ground color buffy brown; on costa, at basal fifth, an outwardly oblique, transverse pale ochraceous-buff dash that reaches fold; at three-fifths of costa an out- wardly oblique, pale ochraceous-buff dash pre- ceded by a short, black, parallel dash; preapically a slender, pale ochraceous-buff transverse line extends to tornus; in middle of cell a black, oval spot surrounded narrowly by pale ochraceous- buff scales and at end of cell a similar spot; on fold, at middle of wing an elongate black dash surrounded by pale ochraceous-buff scales; at apex a small pale ochraceous-buff spot followed at extreme tip by a tiny black dot; cilia mixed gray, buffy brown and light ochraceous buff. Hindwing dark gray; cilia slightly lighter. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs pale ochraceous buff strongly marked blackish fuscous. Abdomen fuscous dor- sally; posterior margins of three or four posterior segments narrowly edged pale ochraceous buff; ventrally pale ochraceous buff. Female genitalia slides USNM 24943, 24944. Ostium small, round, emerging from a sclero- tized tube, the tube situated in a deep excavation of the 7th sternum. Inception of ductus seminalis from posterior end of bursa copulatrix. Ductus bursae moderately short, membranous except 'M- FIGURE 149.—Asymphorodes cicatricula, new species, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 217 posteriorly lightly sclerotized. Bursa copulatrix membranous. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100780. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the ° holotype (30 Jan 1968) and 2$ paratypes with identical data. This species is similar to nigricornis, new spe- cies, but the dark markings of that species are much darker than those of cicatricula. Moreover, the scape of nigricornis is light ochraceous buff, that of cicatricula blackish fuscous. One female paratype is considerably paler in color than the holotype. Asymphorodes amblysoma, new species FIGURES 150,299C Alar expanse 11-12 mm. Labial palpus light buff. Antenna pale ochra- ceous buff; scape light buff. Head light buff; pale ochraceous buff laterally. Thorax dark buffy brown; tegula buff-tipped; metascutum with thornlike processes. Forewing ground color dark buffy brown; across middle of wing an ill-defined grayish shade; in some specimens an ill-defined fuscous spot at end of cell; cilia buffy brown. Hindwing grayish fuscous; cilia a shade lighter. Foreleg light buff; tibia and tarsal segments marked grayish fuscous on outer side; midleg light buff; hindleg buff; tibia with small grayish patch on outer side distally. Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally, light buff ventrally; 7th and 8th segments of male strongly modified. Male genitalia slides USNM 24757, 24758. Harpe broad basally, gradually tapered distad but no distinct, narrow neck formed; cucullus greatly expanded. Brachia short, stout, curved; right brachium slightly dilated distally. Tegumen shorter than broad. Aedeagus slender, sharply curved; manica with a long, slender curved proc- ess dorsally. Female genitalia slides USNM 24759, 24760. Ostium small, round, emerging from a sclero- tized bell-shaped process situated in a deep pit in the 7th sternum. Inception of ductus seminalis from near posterior end of bursa copulatrix. Ductus bursae membranous, slender, longer than bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix membranous, finely spiculate. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100788. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype (27 Mar 1968), 76 and 109 paratypes all with identical data; and 16 paratype, Mt. Upe, 2025 ft (617 m), 3 Apr 1968. There is no doubt that amblysoma is very closely related to lenticula, new species, from Nuku Hiva and there is little to distinguish the two superficially. Indeed, worn specimens are indistinguishable. The genitalia, however, estab- lish beyond doubt that the two species are dis- tinct. Asymphorodes chalcopterus, new species FIGURES 151 , 299 Lissocnemitis argolyca Meyrick, 1934c:352.—Clarke, 1955 [1955-1970]: 53; 1971:182, pi. 24f. Male genitalia slides USNM 24227, 24999, 25001. Harpe with small loop at base of costa; sacculus narrowly sclerotized; cucullus narrowly rounded. Gnathos a long, pointed process. Uncus elongate, bluntly pointed, clothed with stout se- tae. Vinculum triangular. Tegumen bulbous bas- ally, narrowed at middle, then broadened to base of uncus. Anellus triangular, with posteromedian hump. Aedeagus stout, pointed distally. Female genitalia slides USNM 25000, 25002, 25003. Ostium very broad, transverse, slitlike. Antrum broadly sclerotized. Inception of ductus seminalis at end of convoluted bursa copulatrix. Ductus bursae short, broad. Bursa copulatrix a posteroventral irregular sac, anteriorly long and convoluted. Signum a small sclerotized plate. HOLOTYPE.—In the Bernice P. Bishop Mu- seum. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Atuona Valley. DISTRIBUTION.—Marquesas Islands, Rapa. Our series contains the following. Nuku Hiva: Taiohae, 5 Feb 1968, 16; Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m), 30 Jan 1968, 16; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 1$. Hiva Oa: Atuona, 15- 316 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 221.—Blastobasis inana (Butler): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 317 FIGURE 222.—Lissocnemitis argolyca Meyrick: a, male genilalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 318 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 24 Feb 1968, ld\ 1$; Mt. Feani, 3400-3800 ft (1036-1158 m), 20 Feb and 1 Mar 1968, 226, 229. Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 14 Mar to 10 Apr 1968, 4(5; Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 mar 1968, 19. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. The holotype was collected 6 July 1929 (by Mumford and Adamson) and is in fair condition. Fortunately, the abdomen was intact. A 6 and 29 from Mt. Feani are considerably larger than the average, and show some grayish streaks (Figure 3116). Family IMMIDAE Genus Imma Walker Imma Walker, 1859 [1856-1866]: 195. TYPE-SPECIES.—Imma rugosalis Walker, 1859 [1855-1856]: 195; by monotypy. Key to the Species of Imma 1. Forewing outer half much darker than basal half . . semiclara Meyrick Forewing otherwise 2 2. Forewing ground color streaked or blotched 3 Forewing ground color otherwise 5 3. Hindwing with cell wholly gray or grayish fuscous heppneri, new species Hindwing otherwise 4 4. Hindwing with cell wholly yellowish buff impariseta, new species Hindwing with cell half gray fulminatrix Meyrick 5. Forewing ground color fuscous or brownish 6 Forewing ground color ochraceous buff or whitish ocherous 9 6. Hindwing with conspicuous buff streak feaniensis, new species Hindwing without buff streak 7 7. Forewing ground color brownish gray philomena, new species Forewing ground color much darker 8 8. Forewing transverse fascia strongly indicated . . . gloriana, new species Forewing transverse fascia obsolete rotia, new species 9. Forewing ground color whitish ocherous ochrilactea Meyrick Forewing ground color otherwise 10 10. Hindwing uniformly grayish catapsesta Meyrick Hindwing distinctly lighter costad assita, new species Imma philomena, new species FIGURES 223, 311c Alar expanse 23 mm. Labial palpus ochraceous buff; third segment slightly infuscated anteriorly on outer side; third segment brownish gray. Antenna ochraceous buff basally, shading to brownish distally. Head ochraceous buff. Thorax brownish gray. Fore- wing ground color brownish gray; from slightly beyond middle of costa, a slender, outwardly oblique, broken, irregular blackish fuscous line extends to tornus; terminal line blackish fuscous; cilia warm buff. Hindwing light grayish fuscous, darker toward termen; cilia light buff. Foreleg, midleg, and hindleg ochraceous buff. Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally, ochraceous buff ven- trally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24918. Ostium funnel-shaped. Antrum sclerotized laterally. In- ception of ductus seminalis anterior from the ductus bursae. Ductus bursae very long, coiled; posteriorly there is a slender sclerotized rod about one-fourth the length of the ductus. Bursa NUMBER 416 319 FIGURE 223.—Imma philomena, new species, ventral view of female genitali. copulatrix very finely granular, slightly thick- ened at the beginning of the ductus bursae. Sig- num absent. HOLOTYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Tahuata, 200 ft (61 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Tahuata. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 9 holotype (13 Jan 1925, C.L. Collenette). This species is closely related to ochrilactea and catapsesta but is much darker (brownish gray) than either; and philomena occupies a different island, often an important factor is distinguishing species. Unfortunately, the single specimen available is a female and the female genitalia are not very helpful, usually, in separating the closely related species of these islands. Imma ochrilactea Meyrick FIGURES 224, 31 Id Imma ochrilactea Meyrick, 1934c:353.—Clarke, 1955 [1955-1970]:222. Alar expanse 23 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff; third seg- ment apex slightly darker. Antenna light ochra- ceous buff basally becoming darker toward apex. Head, thorax, and forewing ground color light ochraceous buff; transverse fascia of forewing faintly indicated from slightly beyond middle of costa, outwardly oblique toward, but not reach- ing, tornus; terminal line very slender, brownish; cilia pale ochraceous buff. Hindwing very pale grayish, darker and more brownish toward mar- gins. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs pale ochraceous buff; tarsal segments slightly darker. Female genitalia slide USNM 24917. Ostium funnel-shaped, rather broad. Inception of ductus seminalis from ductus brusae. Ductus bursae very long, coiled; posteriorly, there is a slender scle- rotized rod on inner surface extending to first loop. Bursa copulatrix very finely granular, more heavily so where ductus bursae enters. 320 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY HOLOTYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa. DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Under the description of Imma semiclara Meyr- ick (1929a:503) Meyrick stated that "two large females are peculiar; one from Hiva Oa, 24 mm., has fore-wings, uniform whitish-ocherous, trans- verse line only faintly indicated, terminal line distinct, hindwings grey-whitish, towards termen grey; . . ." Later, Meyrick (1934c:353) named this moth ochrilactea without further description. I have given a brief description following Ridgeway Color Standards (1912) hence the discrepancies in the color descriptions. Several species, ochrilactea, assita, new species, philomena, new species, and catapsesta are closely related, but ochrilactea is much paler in coloring than the others. Unfortunately, only a single female of ochrilactea is available for study. Be- cause of its pale washed-out appearance there remains the question of whether or not it is distinct from some of the others; the female genitalia are of little help. Imma semiclara Meyrick FIGURES 225, FIGURE 224.—Imma ochrUacUa Meyrick, ventral view of fe- male genitalia. Imma semiclara Meyrick, 1929a:503.—Clarke, 1955 [1955- 1970]:283; 1969 [1955-1970]:155, pi. 77: figs. 1-lb.— Heppner, 1982:271. Male genitalia slide USNM 24666. Harpe nar- row basally, broadening toward cucullus; cuculus broad, outer margin concave; clasper long, ex- ceeding outer margin of cucullus. Vinculum U- shaped. Tegumen highly arched. Anellus two very lightly sclerotized elongate plates, the tip of each clothed with setae. Aedeagus simple, long, slender, bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24667. Ostium small, round. Inception of ductus seminalis at about two-thirds length of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, very long, convoluted; some granulation anteriorly. Bursa copulatrix NUMBER 416 321 FIGURE 225.—Imma semiclara Meyrick: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 322 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY granular. Signum indicated by a concentration of granules in wall of bursa copulatrix. TYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural His- tory). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, at 100 ft (305 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. The specimens before me are from Nuku Hiva: Taiohoe, 16 Jan to 5 Feb 1968, 46\ 59. Toovii, Ooumu, 900 m, 16-19 Jul 1977, 1$ (Montgomery). FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. In addition to Nuku Hiva, Meyrick recorded this species from Hiva Oa and Tahuata. We did not find it on Hiva Oa and, judging by the behavior of other members of the genus, perhaps Meyrick had a mixed series. Although most spec- imens are recorded from near sea level, the Montgomery specimen indicates that altitude is no barrier to the distribution of this insect, at least on Nuku Hiva. lmma gloriana, new species FIGURES 226, 311/,g Alar expanse 22-24 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff; second and third segments shaded with grayish ante- riorly. Antenna buckthorn brown. Head light ochraceous buff anteriorly, somewhat darker posteriorly. Thorax raw umber with some ochra- ceous buff scales anteriorly. Forewing ground color raw umber; extreme edge of costa pale ochraceous buff; from slightly beyond middle costa to dorsum slightly before tornus a distinct, irregular, slender, light buff line bordered out- wardly by a narrow fuscous shade; subtcrminal line indicated by a series of small buff spots; terminal line very fine, fuscous; cilia raw umber; underside of forewing mostly light ochraceous buff. Hindwing fuscous, paler basally, cilia yel- lowish to light buff; underside of hindwing mostly light ochraceous buff. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs light ochraceous buff; tarsal segments of midleg spotted grayish. Abdomen pale olive buff dorsally, chamois ventrally; anal tuft of male black. Male genitalia slide USNM 24670. Harpe broad, broadest at cucullus; distal edge of cucul- lus very slightly convex; clasper strong, slightly curved, pointed, extending beyond outer edge of cucullus. Vinculum broadly U-shaped. Tegu- men short, broad, rounded distally. Anellus two very light sclerotized plates, each distally pointed and clothed with setae. Aedeagus slightly longer than tegumen and vinculum combined, S-shaped, bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slides USNM 24671, 24921. Ostium small, round. Inception of ductus sem- inalis from well forward from ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous; granular where it joins the bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix finely granular. Signum small, round, formed by a con- centration of granules. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100829. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva, Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype (23 Jan 1968), and 29 paratypes as follows. Nuku Hiva: Toovii, Ooumu, 900 m, 16-19 Jul 1977, 1$ (Montgom- ery). Fatu Hiva: Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 Mar 1968, 1$. Although gloriana looks very different from semiclara, it is, obviously, more closely related to it than to any of the other Marquesan species. Both exhibit a broad harpe with clasper extend- ing beyond the outer margin of cucullus. In the females both lack the sclerotized rod in the wall of the ductus bursae posteriorly, and both have a signum. Immafeaniensis, new species FIGURES 227 , 311A Alar expanse 24-26 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff, suffused brownish; second segment buffy brown ante- riorly; third segment buffy brown. Antenna NUMBER 416 323 FIGURE 226.—Imma gloriana, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 324 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 227.—Imma feaniensis, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 325 buffy brown, slightly paler basally. Head light buffy brown. Thorax buffy brown with a light ochraceous buff spot posteriorly; apex of tegula slightly lighter. Forewing ground color buffy brown; from slightly beyond middle of costa outwardly to dorsum slightly before tornus, an irregular, indistinct, fuscous transverse line; sub- terminal line ill-defined, indicated by a few short brownish dashes; terminal line slender, blackish fuscous; underside with light buff streak; cilia wood brown. Hind wing fuscous with a longitu- dinal light buff streak; underside light buff ex- cept margins; cilia pale ochraceous buff. Fore-, mid-, and hindlegs light buff suffused grayish. Abdomen grayish buffy brown dorsally, buff ven- trally. Male genitalia slide USNM 24674. Harpe nar- row basally, broadening to a truncated cucullus; outer two-thirds of sacculus clothed with an elon- gate patch of modified scales; clasper strong, curved, pointed, not reaching terminal edge of cucullus. Vinculum U-shaped. Tegumen rounded posteriorly. Anellus two elongate, lightly sclerotized plates, each clothed with setae terminally. Aedeagus long, slender, slightly curved, bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24675. Ostium very small, oval. Inception of ductus seminalis at about posterior third of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae very long, convoluted, membranous; pos- teriorly, a short, slender sclerotized rod on inner wall. Bursa copulatrix granular. Signum indi- cated by concentration of granules of bursa wall. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100833. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype (20 Feb 1968) and 2? paratypes with identical data. This species appears to be closely related to gloriana, new species, but feaniensis has a pale streak on the hindwing, absent in gloriana, and the transverse line of the forewing of gloriana is more sharply defined than that of feaniensis. Imma rotia, new species FIGURES 228, 312a,* Alar expanse 24-26 mm. Labial palpus dusky brown. Antenna brown basally shading to light ochraceous buff distally. Head dusky brown. Thorax dusky brown. Fore- wing ground color dusky brown; from slightly beyond middle of costa to dorsum before tornus an irregular, ill-defined (almost imperceptable in some specimens) slender line; in middle of this line, at end of cell a buff spot, and sometimes in the transverse line at end of fold, an ill-defined similarly colored spot; subterminal line consists of a series of very tiny buff spots; cilia dusky brown. Hindwing base whitish, shading to gray- ish fuscous at margins. Foreleg and midleg dusky brown. Hindleg grayish. Abdomen dorsoanter- iorly grayish shading to grayish fuscous postero- dorsally; ventrally dusky brown; posterior seg- ments of male with buff lateral tufts. Male genitalia slide USNM 24627. Harpe of about equal width throughout except slightly broader at cucullus; cucullus with undulating outer margin; clasper exceeding outer edge of cucullus. Vinculum U-shaped. Tegumen broadly rounded posteriorly, anellus two closely ap- pressed, lightly sclerotized, elongate plates; distal end of each clothed with setae. Aedeagus simple, slender, slightly curved, bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24677. Ostium small, oval. Inception of ductus seminalis from about middle of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae very long, convoluted, membranous with some granulation; slightly before ostium a short, rather broad sclerotized rod in wall of ductus. Bursa copulatrix granular. Signum not indicated in this species. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100832. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype (20 Feb 1968) 56 and 2? paratypes with identical data. 326 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 228.—Imma rotia, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 327 Although similar to feaniensis, new species, the forewing is much darker in rotia than in that species, and rotia lacks the light colored streak of the hindwing of feaniensis. Imma assita, new species FIGURES 229, 312 c,d Alar expanse 26-28 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff. Antenna argillaceous. Head, thorax and forewing ground color argillaceous; from slightly beyond middle of costa, to dorsum just before tornus, an ill- defined irregular transverse line, primarily indi- cated by a fuscous spot at costa and a similar one at end of cell; subterminal line indicated by a series of small buff or yellowish spots; terminal line very narrow, fuscous; cilia argillaceous, whi- tish tipped. Hindwing grayish fuscous except cos- tal half sordid whitish; cilia sordid whitish. Fore- leg pale buff; tibia and tarsal segments argilla- ceous on outer side; midleg pale buff; tarsal segments argillaceous; hindleg pale buff. Abdo- men argillaceous dorsally; ventrally pale buff with some argillaceous shading. Male genitalia slide USNM 24682. Harpe nar- row basally, broadening to a wide cucullus; ter- minal margin of cucullus strongly convex; clasper strong, acutely pointed, not reaching margin of cucullus. Vinculum broadly U-shaped. Tegumen about half as long as harpe, distally rounded. Anellus two elongate, slightly sclerotized plates, each clothed with setae distally. Aedeagus slen- der, elongate, slightly bent; bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24683. Ostium very small, oval. Inception of ductus seminalis from about middle of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous except granular anteriorly; wel before ostium a short, slender, sclerotized bar. Bursa copulatrix granular. Signum indicated by a small concentration of granules. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100831. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Mt. Upe, 2025 ft (617 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype, 156 and 15$ paratypes as follows: 36* and 29 with identical data as holotype; Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 116, 79; Tahuna, 2000 ft (610 m), 27 Mar 1968, 16, 59. Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 750 m, 1-3 Aug 1977, 1$ (Montgomery). The two species, catapsesta and assita, are closely related and closely similar in appearance, but the transverse line of assita is emphasized by the two fuscous spots of forewing, which are absent or poorly defined in catapsesta. Moreover, the terminal line in assita is very narrow and of nearly equal width throughout but that of catap- sesta has a broad spot at apex. In the male geni- talia the terminal edge of cucullus is nearly straight in catapsesta and very strongly convex in assita. In the females the signum of catapsesta is strongly developed, that of assita hardly indi- cated. Imma catapsesta Meyrick FIGURES 230, 312 ej Imma catapsesta Meyrick, 1934c:352.—Clarke, 1955 [1955- 1970]:76.—Heppner, 1982:268. Male genitalia slide USNM 24680. Harpe very narrow basally, broadening to the wide cucullus; outer margin of cucullus nearly straight, clasper very short, acutely pointed. Vinculum U-shaped. Tegumen broad basally, narrowed distally. Anel- lus two very slightly sclerotized, narrow plates, each clothed with setae distally. Aedeagus long slender, very slightly curved; bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24681. Ostium rather broad, oval. Inception of ductus seminalis well forward on ductus bursae. Ductus bursae very long, convoluted; posteriorly a long, slen- der, sclerotized rod in wall of ductus; junction with bursa copulatrix granular. Bursa copulatrix membranous, very slightly rugose. Signum con- sisting of a concentration of granules in wall of bursa. HOLOTYPE.—In the Bernice P. Bishop Mu- seum. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva. 328 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 229.—Imma assita, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. NUMBER 416 329 FIGURE 230.—lmma catapsesta Meyrick: a, ventral view ol male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 330 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva: (Fatu Hiva, Uahuka, Uapou, Hiva Oa?). Our series of 24 specimens is as follows. Nuku Hiva: Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m) 30 Jan 1968, 5d\ 39; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 968, 8<5, 3$; Taiohae, 18 Jan to 4 Feb 1968, 3(5, 1$. Toovii, Ooumu, 900 m, 16-19 Jul 1977, 16 (Montgomery). FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. When Meyrick described catapsesta he in- cluded in his series, specimens from Fatu Hiva, Uahuka, Uapou, and Hiva Oa, as well as speci- mens from Nuku Hiva. I am of the opinion that Meyrick had a mixed series. Certainly our speci- mens from Fatu Hiva are distinct and are de- scribed herein as assita, new species. The four specimens from Taiohae average smaller (20-23 mm) than the other examples, but I can find no structural or superficial differ- ences to justify separation. Imtna impariseta, new species FIGURES 231, 313a Alar expanse 21-23 mm. Labial palpus pale ochraceous buff; second segment with prominent fuscous streak on outer side anteriorly; third segment with fuscous streak on outer side. Antenna fuscous; scape pale ochra- ceous buff anteriorly. Head pale ochraceous buff; fuscous on vertex. Thorax grayish fuscous with warm buff scaling anteriorly; tegula pale ochra- ceous buff; grayish fuscous scales on inner edge. Forewing ground color buff heavily overlaid grayish fuscous, mixed with warm buff scales; from slightly beyond midcosta a jagged blackish fuscous transverse line extends to dorsum; at costa and at dorsum a buff-suffused spot precedes this line; terminal line dentate, blackish fuscous, widest at apex; at inner edge of terminal line a series of small warm buff spots; cilia grayish fuscous with buff basal line. Hindwing fuscous around margin except more grayish toward anal angle; costal half, except apex, very light buff. Foreleg pale ochraceous buff with ill-defined grayish markings; midleg similar but grayish markings more distinct; hindleg pale ochraceous buff with suggestion of grayish on outer side of tibia. Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally; ven- trally pale ochraceous buff. Male genitalia slide USNM 24678. Harpe of nearly equal width throughout; cucullus nar- rowly rounded; clasper broad basally, pointed, almost reaching ventral edge of cucullus. Vin- culum U-shaped. Tegumen elongate, narrow. Anellus two rather broad, lightly sclerotized plates, each distally clothed with setae. Aedeagus slender, slightly curved, bulbous basally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24627. Ostium transverse, oval. Inception of ductus seminalisat about posterior third. Ductus bursae membra- nous except granular where it joins bursa copu- latrix; posteriorly a short, slender, sclerotized rod in wall of ductus. Bursa copulatrix granular. Sig- num suggested by a slight concentration of gran- ules. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100830. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Fatu Hiva, Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Fatu Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 9 holotype (22 Mar 1968) 2$ and \6 paratypes as follows: Fatu Hiva, Omoa, 15 Mar 1968, 2$; Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 1<$. A female was selected as holotype because the single available male is in poor condition. This species is very similar to fulminatrix, but the entire costal area of the hindwing of impari- seta is very pale buff, while only part of the cell of fulminatrix is buff. Also, the signum is well developed in fulminatrix, but there is only a sug- gestion of a signum in impariseta. Imtna fulminatrix Meyrick FIGURES 232, 3136 Imma fulminatrix Meyrick, 1934c:353.—Clarke, 1955 [ 1955-1970]: 144.—Heppner, 1982:269. Female genitalia slide JFGC 12136. Ostium small, shield-shaped. Inception of ductus semi- nalis at approximately the posterior third of due- NUMBER 416 SSI FIGURE 231.—Imma impariseta, new species: a, ventral viev of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. M I 332 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY V FIGURE 232.—Imma fulminatrix Meyrick, ventral view of female genitala. tus bursae. Ductus bursae very long, slender; at posterior end a slender sclerotized strip. Bursa copulatrix very finely granular, with a heavily granular area at beginning of ductus bursae. Signum consists of a very strongly granular area of the wall of the bursa copulatrix. HOLOTYPE.—In the Bernice P. Bishop Mu- seum. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Kakaho Puanui, 2464 ft (751 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. The type has a hindwing similar to that of impariseta, new species, from Fatu Hiva, but the cell of the latter is wholly yellowish, that of fulminatrix is half gray as described by Meyrick. Also, fulminatrix lacks the pale subterminal line and the dentate terminal line found in impariseta. Imma heppneri, new species FIGURES 233, 312 g,h Alar expanse 19-24 mm. Labial palpus light buff; second segment distal half, and streak posteriorly, blackish fuscous on outer side; third segment almost wholly blackish fuscous. Antenna fuscous. Head mixed light buff and grayish fuscous. Thorax grayish fuscous, an- teriorly light buff; tegula grayish fuscous nar- rowly edged light buff. Forewing ground color light buff heavily overlaid and blotched grayish fuscous; costa very narrowly edged light to warm buff; from slightly beyond middle of costa an irregular, jagged, blackish fuscous line (most in- tense at end of cell) continues to dorsum before tornus; dorsum sprinkled with elongate warm buff scales; apical third of wing with warm buff scales; subterminal line consisting of a series of small, warm buff spots, terminal line slender, blackish fuscous; cilia fuscous with a sprinkling of light buff scales. Hindwing grayish fuscous, darker toward margins; cilia grayish. Foreleg light buff; tibia fuscous on outer side; tarsal seg- ments marked fuscous; midleg similar; hindleg light buff; tibia with grayish streak on outer side. NUMBER 416 333 FIGURE 233.—Imma heppneri, new species: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 334 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally, segments nar- rowly edged with light buff; ventrally light buff. Male genitalia slide USNM 24668. Harpe nar- row, broadening at cucullus; cucullus rounded; clasper slender, not reaching margin of cucullus. Vinculum U-shaped. Tegumen elongate, nar- rowly rounded posteriorly. Anellus consisting of two broad, slightly sclerotized plates posteriorly clothed with setae. Aedeagus slender, nearly straight, bulbous proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24669. Ostium small, round. Inception of ductus seminalis from about posterior third of ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous except granular at junction with bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix finely granular. Signum thornlike. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100834. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 6 holotype (23 Jan 1968), 86 and 4$ paratypes, all with identical data. The three species, fulminatrix Meyrick, impar- iseta, new species, and heppneri, new species, all have similar forewings, but heppneri is at once distinguished from the other two by the solid color of the hindwing. It gives me great pleasure to name this species for John B. Heppner who proposed the family Immidae to which this taxon belongs. Family CHOREUTIDAE Genus Choreutis Hubner Choreutis Hubner, 1825 [1816-1826]:373. TYPE-SPECIES.—Phalaena (Tortrix) pariana Clerck, 1764 [1759-1764], pi. 10: fig. 9; subse- quent designation by Walsingham, 1980:987. Choreutis chelaspis chelaspis (Meyrick), new combination FIGURES 313C Simaethis chelaspis Meyrick, 1929a:504; 1934c:353.— Clarke, 1955 [1955-1970]:83. Anthophila chelaspis (Meyrick).—Clarke, 1969 [1955-1970]: 4, pi. 2: figs. 3-3b. Male genitalia slide USNM 24926. Harpe of nearly equal width throughout; cucullus broadly rounded, clothed with strong setae; sacculus clothed with an elongate cluster of long, strong setae. Uncus broadly rounded. Vinculum U- shaped, broadest at middle. Tegumen weak, arched. Anellus consisting of a basal plate with a posteromedian protuberance and two lateral, broad arms. Aedeagus moderately stout, about as long as harpe, twisted proximally. Female genitalia slide USNM 24927. Ostium round. Antrum a sclerotized cylinder. Inception of ductus seminalis arising slightly anterior to antrum. Ductus bursae long, slender, membra- nous. Bursa copulatrix membranous, finely gran- ular. Signum a small dentate plate. HOLOTYPE.—In the British Museum (Natural History). TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa. DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva. The series of this common species before me consists of the following. Hiva Oa: Atuona, 12- 24 Feb 1968, 26, 1$; Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m), 20 Feb 1968, 66\ 1$; trail to Mt. Feani, 2200 ft (670 m), 20 Feb 1968, let. Ootua, 800 m, 27- 30 Jul 1977, 16\ (Montgomery). Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 4-21 Mar 1968, 446\ 41$; Omoa Valley, 21 Mar 1968, 26; Mt. Teoaiua, 2000 ft (610 m), 22 Mar 1968, 86, 8$. Teavapuhiau, Ouia, 750 m, 1-3 Aug 1977, 66, 59 (Montgomery). FOOD PLANT.—Ficus? Presumably the nominate subspecies is con- fined to the two islands, Hiva Oa and Fatu Hiva, those from Nuku Hiva being quite distinct as indicated below. Meyrick (1934c:353) recorded this subspecies from the island of Uapou, but the specimens from Uapou may represent another subspecies. Choreutis chelaspis euthenia, new subspecies FIGURES 234, 313d This taxon is very similar to the nominate subspecies. It differs from chelaspis chelaspis in NUMBER 416 335 FIGURE 234.—Choreutis chelapsis euthenia, new subspecies: a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 336 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY the forewing by the much broader subterminal band, the greater amount of whitish scales in the tornal black blotch, the more prominent and extensive ochraceous scaling surrounding the leaden metallic streak from near base to four- fifths, and broader, more conspicuous whitish fascia at basal third. On the hindwing there is less whitish scaling in C.c. euthenia than on the hindwing of C.c. chelaspis, and it is closer to the margin. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100835. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Nuku Hiva, Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Nuku Hiva. FOOD PLANT.—Ficus? Described from the $ holotype (30 Jan 1968), 48 6 and 48$ paratypes as follows. Nuku Hiva: Tapuaooa, 2500 ft (762 m), 30 Jan 1968, 27ct, 20$; Tunoa Ridge, 2900 ft (884 m), 23 Jan 1968, 1$; Pakiu Valley, 1800 ft (548 m), 28 Jan 1968, 16; Taiohae, 16-27 Jan 1968, 2O<5, 27$. There are no appreciable structural differ- ences between this and the nominate subspecies, the differences residing primarily in variations in pattern. The differences in pattern and markings described above are constant and consistent throughout the series. Family YPONOMEUTIDAE Key to the Genera of Yponomeutidae 1. Hindwing with 7 veins by coincidence of veins 3 and 4 Prays Hindwing with 8 veins 2 2. Hindwing with veins 5 and 6 stalked 3 Hindwing otherwise 4 3. Forewing with veins 3 to 10 bunched from end cell Zelleria Forewing with vein 10 remote from 9 Plutella 4. Hindwing with veins 3 and 4 stalked Eftichia, new genus Hindwing with veins 3 and 4 separate Terthroptera Genus Plutella Schrank PluUlla Schrank, 1802:169. TYPE-SPECIES.—Phalaena Tinea xylostella Lin- naeus, 1758:538 (=Cerostoma maculipennis Cur- tis, 1832 [1824-1839]); by monotypy. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) FIGURES 235, 313* Phalaena Tinea xylostella Linnaeus, 1758:538.—Hubner, 1796 [1796-1838]: 119. Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), Schrank, 1802:169.—Guenee, 1845:339; [ 1846]: 101.—Herrich-Schaffer, 1854 [1843- 1856], 5:106— Wocke, 1871:281.—Wollaston, 1879:434—Bartlett-Calvert, 1886:345.—Moschler, 1891:341.— Gundlach, 1891:380.—Viette, 1952:3.— Paulian and Viette, 1955:153.—Viette, 1958:4.—Brad- ley. 1966:219.—Bradley and Pelham-Clinton, 1967:127— Bradley, 1967:510, fig. 7.—Clarke, 1971:173, fig. 135, pi. 22b.—Chiu and Chien, 1972:145- 152; 1974:48, 55, 56, fig. 1.—Koshihara and Yamado, 1976:110-114.—Gozmany, 1978:62.—Gressitt and Nadkarni, 1978:87.—Leraut, 1980:84 [No. 1675].— Hodges et al., 1983:26 [No. 2366].—Lorimer, 1983:13, 21, 75.—Shin et al., 1983:525, pi. 35: fig. 600.—Liu and Sun, 1984:1608-1609. Cerostoma maculipennis Curtis, 1832 [1824-1839], [No. 420]; 1837:214 [No. 1031(3)].—Westwood, 1854:223, pi. 49: fig. 1548.—Walsingham and Dun-ant, 1897:173- 175. Cerostoma xylostella (Linnaeus).—Curtis, 1837:214 [No. 1031(4)].—Stainton, 1859 [1858-1859]:315 [No. 1347]. Alucita xylostella (Linnaeus).—Godart and Duponchel, 1838 [1827-1838]:! 1, pi. 293: fig. 10. Cerostoma annulatellus Wood, 1839:223, pi. 49: fig. 1547. PluUlla cruciferarum Zeller, 1843:283.—Stainton, 1849b:2; 1854:68, pi. 3: figs. 3a-3c; 1859 [ 1858-1859]:312 [No. 1332]; 1869:328.—Heinemann, 1870 [1863-1870]: 117.—Fry, 1880:347.—Snellen, 1882:542.—Meyrick, 1886c: 177.—Hampson, 1891:42.—Walsingham, 1891:92.—Ormerod, 1891:1-34.—Rebel, 1892:243, NUMBER 416 337 FIGURE 235.—Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus): a, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed, with corema intact; b, aedeagus; c, ventral view of female genitalia. 272.—Hinneberg, 1894:352, 357.—Walsingham, 1894:543.—Meyrick, 1894a:24; 1895:702.—Rebel, 1896:102-148. Plutella maculipennis (Curtis).—Stainton, 1849b:2.—Berg, 1880:85-91, 99-109.—Rebel, 1901:137.—Dyar, 1903:492 [No. 5503].—Rebel, 1906:44.—Walsingham, 1907:652.—Matsumura, 1908:237 [No. 1994].—Max- well-Lefroy and Howlett, 1909:538, fig. 345.—Spuler, 1910:452, pi. 47: fig. 44.—Rebel, 1910a:25; 1910b:430 [No. 125]; 1911:350 [No. 236].—Fullaway, 1913:43, 46.—Shiraki, 1913:340.—Duport, 1913:59.—Meyrick, 1914b:59.—Walsingham, 1914 [1909-1915]:343.— Barnes and McDunnough, 1917:183 [No. 7683].— Marsh, 1917:1-10, pi. 1, 2.—Rebel and Zerny, 1917:443 [No. 113].— Senior-White, 1917:121.—Cotton, 1918:281.—Auctorum, 1919:4.—Britton, 1920:96.— Hutson, 1920:C10.—Swezey, 1920:383.—Auctorum, 1920:326; 1921:458.—d'Emmerez de Charmoy and Ge- bert, 1921:186.—Timberlakeetal., 1921:609.—Brethes, 1923:162-163, figs. 1,2.—Forbes, 1923:341.—Wolcott, 1923:205.—Miles, 1924:45-48.—Perry, 1924:13.—Es- sig, 1926:742.—Buxton and Hopkins, 1927:30, pi. 2.— Hopkins, 1928b:47.—Meyrick, 1928:802.—Bondar, 1928:259-260.—Illingworth, 1929:251.—King, 1929:373-390, pi. 1.—Swezey, 1929c:283.—Thorpe, 1929:621-634.—Romanova, 1930:139-152.—Forbes, 1930:100.—Muggeridge, 1930:253-264, figs. 1-9.— Meyrick, 1931:283.—Ghosh, 1932:5.—Busck, 1934:187.—Meyrick, 1935a:92.—Zerny, 1935:135.— Corbett, 1935:53.—Amsel, 1936:354.—Isaac, 1936:170.—Wolcott, 1936:485.—Walker and Anderson, 1937:443-448.—List, 1937:676.—Hardy, 1938:343- 372, figs. 1-10, pi. 9.—Robertson, 1939:330A-364A, figs. 1-10.—McDunnough, 1939:89 [No. 8878].—Bour- quin, 1939:409-413, figs. 1-3.—Rebel, 1939:7.— Brooks and Allen, 1940:56.—Ghosh, 1940a: 129-130, pi. 62: figs. 1-4.—Lloyd, 1940:451-484, pis. 18, 19.—Ghes- quiere, 1940:39, fig. 3.—Rebel, 1940a:38; 1940b:55.— Ghesquiere, 1941:763.—Reid et al., 1941:1-35, figs. 1- 7.—Reid et al., 1942:1, fig. lc.—Walker and Anderson, 1943:343-344.—Jones and Kimball, 1943:182.— Swezey, 1944:144—Lima, 1945:317-319, figs. 201- 203.—Kanervo, 1946:143-153, fig. 1.—Ahmad, 1949:205.—Ullyett, 1947:7-202, figs. 1-30.—MacNay, 338 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 1948:77.—Paulian, 1949:351, fig. 4.—Lamont and Cal- lan, 1950:206.—Ford, 1951:90, 91, pi. 12: fig. 17.— Skaia, 1951:182, pi. 18.—Hill, 1852:59.—Agenjo, 1952:69.—MacNay, 1953:66-94.—Paramonow, 1954:78.—Inoue, 1954:34.—Auctorum, 1954:280.— Weber, 1954:369.—Harcourt, 1955:900 [No. 9751]; 1956:155-160, figs. 1-7.—Tanada, 1956:320-329, figs. 1_4.—MacNay, 1957:92.—Harcourt, 1957:554, figs. 1, 2.—G. Peterson, 1957:206.—Hassanein, 1958:326, figs. 1-3.—Wakely, 1958:139.—Janjua and Haque, 1958:148, 157.—MacNay, 1959a:32-43.—Dale and Herring, 1959:12.—Friese, 1960:20.—Simmonds and Rao, 1960:278.—Harcourt, 1960a:419, figs. 1, 2; 1960b:517, fig. 1.—Gupta and Thorsteinson, 1960:241- 250.—MacNay, 1961:251.—Beri, 1961:69-70.—Har- court, 1961:820, figs. 1, 2.—Butler, 1961:384.—De- Bach, 1962:72.—Butler and Usinger, 1963:241.—Pas- tokhov, 1964:42.—Wolff, 1964:51.—Benander, 1965:22.—Kimball, 1965:291.—Azuma, 1965:56.— Hua, 1965:1-4, pi. 1A-5B.—Merovee, 1966:497.—Goz- many, 1967:89.—Johansson and Svensson, 1968:127.— Abraham and Padmanaban, 1968:513-519.—Kawabe, 1968:539.—Tello, 1968:233.—Diakonoff, 1968:263, 307, fig. 759. PluUlla maculipemmis [sic] (Curtis).—Ghosh, 1925:7. Plutella annulatella (Wood).—Herrich-Schaffer, 1851 [1843-1856], 5:107. Cerostoma brassicella Fitch, 1856:170. Plutella limbipenella Clemens, 1861 [ 1859-1861]:6; 1872:90. Plutella mollipedella Clemens, 1861 [ 1859-1861]:6; 1872, 91. Gelechia dcerella Rondani, 1876:20, pi. 1: figs. 3-5. Cerostoma dubiosella Beiitenmuller, 1889:27. TYPES.—Linnean Society, London (xylostella); Melbourne Museum Australia? (maculipennis); Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia (limbipenella, mollipedella); lost (brassicella, dubi- osella); depository unknown (annulatella, cicer- ella). TYPE-LOCALITIES.—Europe (xylostella, macu- lipennis); England (annulatella); North America (limbipenella, mollipedella, brassicella, dubiosella); Italy (cicerella). DISTRIBUTION.—Cosmopolitan. From the Marquesas we have only two speci- mens. Nuku Hiva: Taiohae, 3 Feb 1968, 16; Fatu Hiva: Omoa, 14 Mch 1968, let. For the complete known distribution of this widespread, economic species, consult Series A. (Agricultural), Map 32 (revised), published by the Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 1967. FOOD PLANTS.— Cultivated and wild Cruci- ferae. Genus Prays Hiibner Prays Hiibner, 1825 [1816-1826]:413. TYPE-SPECIES.—Phalaena curticellus Dono- van, 1793 (= Prays caenobitella Hiibner, 1810 [1796-1838], 5 (Tineae), pi. 45; fig. 309 [20 June 1813]); subsequent designation by Fletcher, 1929:183. Prays ignota, new species FIGURES 236, 313/g Alar expanse 10-12 mm. Labial palpus light ochraceous buff; third seg- ment with distal half prout's brown on outer side; third segment almost wholly prout's brown. Antenna fuscous, scape light ochraceous buff anteriorly. Head light buffy brown dorsally with light ochraceous buff scaling laterally; frons light ochraceous buff. Thorax dresden brown; tegula pale ochraceous buff-tipped. Forewing ground color dresden brown; on middle of costa a buff quadrate spot and before apex a similarly colored wedge-shaped spot; before tornus an irregular buff blotch; and sometimes on dorsum, near base, a subtriangular blotch with a dresden brown spot near edge; in center of wing an ill- defined series of double buff spots running lon- gitudinally; cilia mixed buff and brown. Hind- wing grayish fuscous; cilia lighter. Foreleg light ochraceous buff overlaid fuscous on outer side; midleg similar but not so strongly marked; hin- dleg light ochraceous buff; tibia and tarsal seg- ments shaded grayish fuscous. Abdomen fuscous dorsally; light ochraceous buff ventrally. Female genitalia slides USNM 24550, 24551. Ostium round. Sterigma a V-shaped, sclerotized plate truncated anteriorly; inner edges of the "V armed with strong setae. Antrum not appreciably developed. Inception of ductus seminalis ventrad at junction of ductus bursae and bursa copula- NUMBER 416 339 FIGURE 236.—Prays ignota, new species, ventral view of fe- male genitalia. trix. Ductus bursae membranous. Bursa copula- trix membranous. Signum an elongate triangular plate with serrate edges. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100836. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. Described from the 2 holotype (20 Feb 1968) and 3$ paratypes with the same data. As can be seen by the illustration (Figure 313 f,g) the species is variable. The example shown in Figure 313/ has much reduced white areas of the forewing. The Japanese P. iota Moriuti (1977:124) is probably most nearly like ignota but lacks the white apical blotch of the latter species. More- over, ignota lacks the two spinous processes of the sterigma of iota and the signum of ignota is long and slender but that of iota is nearly oval in general shape. Unfortunately, the male of ignota is unknown. Eftichia, new genus TYPE-SPECIES.—Eftichia chrysoleuca, new spe- cies, by monotypy and present designation. The gender of the name is feminine. Antenna about three-fifths length of forewing, simple; scape with pecten. Labial palpus less than twice the length of head, slightly upturned; sec- ond and third segments of about equal length, third segment acutely pointed. Maxillary palpus vestigial. Tongue well developed, naked. Head roughened above; ocellus present. Thorax smooth. Abdominal terga unspined. Forewing smooth, termen oblique, costal and dorsal mar- gins nearly parallel, stigma present, 12 veins, all separate; lb furcate; lc strongly developed; 2 distant from 3; 3, 4, and 5 approximate at base; 5 and 6 parallel; 7 to termen; 10 distant from 9; 11 from before middle of cell; upper internal vein preserved. Hindwing with 8 veins; 2 remote from 3; 3 and 4 stalked from angle of cell; 5 much nearer to 6 than to the stalk of 3 and 4; 7 and 8 parallel. Hind tibia smooth. 340 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Male genitalia uncus absent; gnathos and so- cius present. Female genitalia unknown. Eftichia is probably closest toKessleria Nowicki, 1864, but differs from it by the stalking of veins 3 and 4 in the hindwing. Eftichia chrysoleuca, new species FIGURES 237, 313A Alar expanse 10—11 mm. Labial palpus second segment grayish fuscous with whitish scaling above near apex; third seg- ment white. Antenna ocherous white with a fus- cous spot dorsally at base of shaft. Head white, suffused ocherous white above. Thorax ocherous white; tegula white, suffused fuscous basally. Forewing ground color white; basal half of costa golden brown giving rise to a triangular fascia of the same color truncated at dorsum; beyond middle, a broad transverse fascia of the same color as basal fascia; on apical third of costa four golden-brown marks, the third largely covered with fuscous scales; on apex a small brownish dash, a similarly colored blotch before termen and a golden-brown spot on termen between veins 6 and 5; cilia mixed white and golden brown. Hindwing grayish fuscous with slight me- tallic sheen; cilia grayish with slight yellowish tinge. Foreleg ocherous white, suffused grayish fuscous; midleg ocherous white, tibia and tarsal segments suffused grayish fuscous; hindleg och- erous white; each tarsal segment with a grayish fuscous spot. Abdomen grayish fuscous dorsally, ocherous white ventrally. Male genitalia slide USNM 24552. Harpe very broad at cucullus; at junction of sacculus and cucullar edge, a stout spine. Gnathos a moder- ately broad sclerotized band. Uncus absent. So- cius a long, curved, digitate process. Vinculum rounded; saccus very short. Tegumen narrow, rounded. Anellus membranous. Aedeagus slen- der, curved; vesica armed with a single cornutus. Female genitalia unknown. HOLOTYPE.—USNM 100837. TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hiva Oa, Mt. Feani, 3800 ft (1158 m). DISTRIBUTION.—Hiva Oa. FOOD PLANT.—Unknown. FIGURE 237.—Eftichia chrysoleuca, new species: a, venation of right wings; b, ventral view of male genitalia with left harpe and aedeagus removed; c, aedeagus. NUMBER 416 341 Described from the 6 holotype and 2o L., Cucurbita, 81, 155 Phaseolus multiflorus Willdenow, 56 vulgaris L., 56 pigeon pea, 164 Pisum sativum L., 56 populnea (L.), Thespesia, 5, 365 pruriens (L.) Medicus, Stizolobium, 56 Psidium guajava L., 5, 26, 157 littorale Raddi, 157 pumpkin, 80 purslane, 52 raisins, 23 ramiflorum (Forster f.) Mueller-Argovensis, Glochidion, 5, 160,346 rapense (F. Brown) ScherfF, Oparanthus, 26 refuse, 358, 373, 375, 385 regia (Bojer) Rafinesque, Delonix, 56 Reynoldsia sp., 389 rhombifolia L., 5ufa, 155 rostellatus Guillemin and Perrottet, Hibiscus, 56 saepium (Jaquin) Wallpers, Gliricidia, 56 saman (Jacquin) Merrill, Samanea, 368 Samanea saman (Jacquin) Merrill, 368 Sapindus oahuensis Hillebrand ex Radlkofer, 368 sativa L., Cannabis, 56 sativa L., Oryza, 56 sativum L., Pisum, 56 scrobiculatum L., Paspalum, 54 sepium (Jacquin) Walpers, Gliricidia, 56 Sesbania aculeata (Wildenow) Persoon, 56 grandiflora (L.) Persoon, 56 tomentosa Hooker and Arnott, 57 5ufa rhombifolia L., 155 Siegesbeckia orientalis L., 5 skins, 377 sorghum, 54 spinach, 52 Stizolobium pruriens (L.) Medicus, 56 sugar beets, 52 sugarcane, 54, 315, 365 tabacum L., Nicotiana, 56 Tamarindus indica L., 5, 26, 233, 365 Uctorius Solander, Pandanus, 5, 26, 297, 300, 365, 389 Tephrosia Candida de Candolle, 56 vogelii Hooker f., 56 Thespesia populnea (L.), 5, 365 tiliaceus L., Hibiscus, 5, 368, 387 tobacco, 56 tomato, 52 tomentosa Hooker and Arnott, Sesbania, 57 Trichosanthes anguina L., 80 palmata Roxburg, 80 NUMBER 416 485 unguiculata (L.) Walpers, Vigna, 56 uniflora L., Eugenia, 26, 157, 233, 315 urens (L.) de Candolle, Mucuna, 56 Vaccinium cereum (L.f.) Forster f., 5. 30 vaginalis (L.) de Candolle, Alysicarpus, 21 vegetable matter, 49, 171, 358, 373, 381, 385, 387 Vigna unguiculata (L.) 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