^v MALACOLOGIA, 1988,29(1): 3-5 IN THE SPIRIT OF S. STILLMAN BERRY Clyde F, E. Roper Department of Invertebrate Zoology?Mollusks, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. Why is it appropriate to honor S. Stillman Berry (Fig. 1) with an international symposium on cephalopods? The answers are as diverse as the man. We all know of S. Stillman Berry because he was a productive teuthologist for over half a century and many of his publica- tions are considered classics in the field. In his first publication on cephalopods in 1909, he described 1 new genus and 7 new species from the Hawaiian Islands. In total, Berry de- scribed 70 new species and 13 new genera and subgenera of cephalopods (Sweeney, Roper & Hochberg, 1988). His last cephalopod publication, which appeared in 1963, dis- cussed the "Doratopsis"larval stage in the life history of the mesopelagic squid, Chiroteuthis, from California waters. Berry's last paper, al- though not published, was presented at the joint AMU/WSM meeting held in San Diego in 1975. The topic was the systematics, distri- bution and life history of the pelagic octopus, Ocythoe. These firsts and lasts in Berry's cephalopod work addressed many of the top- ics that will be covered in this symposium. However, Berry's cephalopod research cer- tainly was not limited to systematics, zooge- ography and life history any more than the papers to be presented here are limited to these topics. For example, 5. 5 Berry worked extensively on bioluminescence in cephalo- pods in the teens and early 1920s. Berry's work on cephalopods covered most zoogeographic zones and oceans of the world and included major monographic works on cephalopods from the eastern Pacific, Hawaii, Japan, Australia and Antarctica. A number of the species being discussed during this symposium either were described as new species by Berry or knowledge about them was expanded greatly by his research. Not only is it appropriate to honor 8. 5. Berry with a symposium on cephalopods, it is most fitting it be held in Monterey. Four of the first five papers Berry published were about the molluscan fauna of Monterey Bay. These were published in the Nautilus in 1907, when Berry was 20 years old. Furthermore, for decades Monterey Bay has been the center of the fishery on the squid Loligo opalescens, which Berry described as a new species in 1911. In addition, 5. 5. Berry studied for his Bachelor and Ph.D. degrees just a few miles from here at Stanford University. For some diversity in his educational expe- rience, Berry took his Master's degree at Harvard University. While back east Stillman was fortunate to meet at Yale the pioneer in North American cephalopods, A. E. Verrill. As a further indication of the man's diver- sity, it is interesting that only about one-fourth of Berry's 209 zoological publications dealt with cephalopods. An association test given to a cross-section of malacologists would elicit responses such as chitons, West Amer- ican land snails, fossil mollusks and Eastern Pacific marine gastropods and bivalves. Other zoologists might recall sparrows, mag- pies and beavers, for he published on these groups as well. Berry's other careers as a bibliophile, horticulturist, genealogist and rancher are noted in a number of other pub- lications (e.g. Brookshire, 1984; Coan, 1984; Hochberg, 1985; Roper, 1984; Sweeney & Roper, 1984). Berry's publication record of nearly 50 papers and monographs on cephalopods is indeed impressive. Equally impressive, and perhaps tragic, were the many substantial yet unfinished manuscripts found in his house in Redlands following his death. On the envelope of each was a nota- tion of what was needed for completion: 1 or 2 illustrations or a reference to an ancient, obscure paper. The man was thorough and precise. For example, Berry had completed, save for a few illustrations, a monograph on Philippine cephalopods in the late 1920s, 40 years before that fauna eventually was monographed by Gil Voss in 1963. Number 3 in his series on "Light Production in Cephalopods" was nearly ready to submit in the 20's as well. Unpublished monographs on Australian sepiids and octopods hold the an- swers to a number of systematic and zoogeo- graphic questions that remain unanswered in print even today. An additional large number of partial manuscripts and notes were found (3) ROPER FIG. 1, S. Stillman Berry with a specimen of the squid Moroteuthis robustus (Verrill, 1876) on the front walkway of his home in Redlands, CA, 5 January 1964. (Photographer unknown; photograph courtesy of S. S. Berry Estate). S. STILLMAN BERRY in various stages of completion. Perhaps there is a lesson for all of us in these unfin- ished manuscripts, and even today we can learn from Berry's legacy. So we honor S. S. Berry for his published works and his unpublished works. We honor him because he is a direct link with all the teuthologists of the first half of the 20th Cen- tury, e.g. Hoyle, Joubin, Chun, Naef, Verrill, Grimpe, Robson, Taki, Adam and others, all of whom he corresponded with more or less regularly. We honor him because he shared his encyclopedic knowledge with generations of malacologists. He encouraged and inspired them and us to pursue research in the fasci- nating phylum Mollusca. Finally, S. S. Berry viewed diversity as a biological phenomenon that enriches the living world. Diversity certainly enriched and typified his own life and work. He would be very proud and pleased that this symposium in his honor is so enriched by the diversity of topics about his favorite group of animals, the cephalopods. LITERATURE CITED BROOKSHIRE, J. W., 1984, Dr. S. Stillman Berry, 1887-1984. Shells and Sealife, 16(5): 58-59. COAN, E., 1984, S. Stillman Berry, 1887-1984. Veliger, 27(1): 99. HOCHBERG, F. G., 1985, Museum acquires S. Stillman Berry mollusk collection and library. Bulletin, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural His- tory, no. 83 (April): 2. ROPER, C. F. E., 1984, S. Stillman Berry (1887-1984): a tribute through glimpses and reflections. American Malacological Bulletin, 3(1): 55-61. SWEENEY, M. J. & ROPER, C. F. E., 1984, The zoological taxa and bibliography of S. Stillman Berry. American Malacological Bulletin, 3(1): 63-82. SWEENEY, M. J., ROPER, C. F. E. & HOCHBERG, F. G., 1988, A catalog of the type specimens of recent Cephalopoda described by S. Stillman Berry. Malacologia, 29 (1):7-19.