SYNOPTIC LIST OF PARAGUAYAN ACRIDID.E, OR LO-CUSTS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW FORMS.
By Lawrence Bruner,of the University of Nebraska.
The present paper is based primarily on the extensive collectionobtained from Mr. W. T. Foster, of Sapucaj, Paraguay, and nowbelonging- to the United States National Museum. In addition, thewriter has personally collected in that country, besides having pur-chased several small collections from that section of South America.To make the ]>aper as complete as possible, Giglio-Tos's papers havebeen consulted, and all the forms not represented in the collectionsstudied have been included.TABLE FOR DETERMINING THE SUBFAMILIES OF PARAGUAYANLOCUSTS.
a. Claws of feet without a cushion or aroUum between them ; pronotum extendingover the abdomen; tegmina or front wings lot)iform Tettigin.eaa. Claws with the cushion or aroUum present; pronotum not extending over theabdomen.b. Antenna-, or feelers, shorter than the front femora, or thighs.
c. Head short, compressed in front Eumastacin.ecc. Head greatly elongated, body apterous or subapterous Proscopin.ebb. Antennai as long or longer than the front femora,c. Prosternum, or breast, between base of front pair of legs smooth ; not providedwith a tubercle, swelling, or spine.d. Fastigium of the vertex but little declivous, meeting the face in a more orless well-defined angle, the face usually very oblique. Wings, as a rule,without a dusky band Truxalin.edd. Fastigium of the vertex rounded at its point of junction with face, thelatter vertical or nearly so. Wings when present usually with coloreddisk and well-defined dusky band CEdipodin'^CC. Prosternum, or breast, between base of front pair of legs laminately elevatedin front, tuberculate or spined.d. Foveolte of the vertex above, contiguous, forming the apex of the fastigium.Rather clumsy insects, usually without or with abbreviated wings, butoccasionally with these appendages complete ? Pyrgomorphin^edd. Foveolse of the vertex lateral, never forming the apex of the vertex, oftenclosed behind or entirely wanting. Prosternum distinctly spined ortuberculate. Wings variously formed Acridiix.eProceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXX?No. 1461. 613
614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.Subfamily TETTIG-IIST^:.The grouse locusts are especially numerous in the Tropics, but onaccount of their small size and inconspicuous colors are rarel}^ collectedexcept by specialists. A few are at hand and others have been reportedupon as coming- from Paraguaj'. The two forms herewith describedas new are characterized by Dr. J. L. Hancock, to whom they weresubmitted for study.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA.
a. Front thighs more or less carinated above; front margin of pronotum in middlenot advanced upon the back of head.h. Body, even of the female, quite slender, the apex of pronotum greatly extendedbeyond the tip of hind femora Nephele Bolivarbh. Body in both sexes obese, the apex of pronotum not at all or but little extendedbeyond the tip of hind fenior Apotettix Hancock, Paratettix Bolivaraa. Front thighs not compressed , rather broadly and distinctly grooved; front marginof pronotum in middle angulate or more or less advanced upon the occiput.h. Vertex in front terminating in oblique carinee; frontal costa rather broadlysulcate Tettigidea Scudderbb. Vertex in front not carinate; frontal costa very narrowly sulcate.Batrachidea ServilleNEPHELE Bolivar.NEPHELE ASMODiEUS (Serville).Tetrix asmodxus Serville, Hist. Nat. Orthopt., 1839, p. 760.Nephele asmodseus Bolivar, Essai Tettigidse, 1887, p. 79.Habitat.?This insect is credited to Asuncion, Paraguay, by Bolivar."NEPHELE GRACILIS Bruner.This insect, according to Doctor Hancock, belongs to the genus Para-tettix and comes near to P. cauiJata,s (Saussure). It occurs at Asuncion.APOTETTIX Hancock.The representatives of this genus fall between Tettix and Paratettix.They diflfer chiefly in the structure of the vertex and in having the firstjoint of the hind tarsi decidedly longer than the third. The followingdescription was drawn up by Dr. J. L. Hancock, to whom the speciesis to be credited:APOTETTIX BRUNERI, new species (Hancock).Characters.?Male, bod}^ scabrus subtuberculate; .loderately robust;ferrugineous, with the tibijc more or less lighth' bianulate with fus-cous, tjirsal apices of the same color. Head well crowded under thepronotum to the eyes, not at all elevated or exserted. Vertex short,nearly twice the breadth of one of the eyes; median carina distinct, little
"Boll. Mus. Zool. A nat. Torino, XV, 1900, No. 377, p. 3.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAGVA YAN LOCUSTS?BRVNER. 615elevated anteriorl}^ and produced; on either side between the eyesshallowly fossulate, but onl}'^ lowering the vertex very little below thelevel of the e3^es. Eyes small and globose. Frontal costa widelysulcate, the rami evenly divergent forward to the median ocellus, con-vexl}' produced between the antenna^. Pronotum anteriorly truncate,posteriori}" subulate, extending backward be^^ond the hind femora adistance equal to about half their length; dorsum rugose-scabrus,subtuberculose, rather wide between the shoulders, lightly convex,and behind the shoulders little flattened; humeral angles distinct,widely angulate and carinate; anterior carinas abbreviated being barelyshorter than the e3^es; median carina of pronotum percurrent, in frontof the shoulders arcuate subdepressed; the po.sterior angles of thelateral lobes very little angulato-laminate outward, and obliquely trun-cate behind; el3^tral and posterior sinuses nearly equal in depth.Elytra oval; wings caudate, passing the pronotal process. Anteriorfemora compressed, the superior carinte convex, the lower marginundulate; breadth of middle femora equal to about one-half that of itslength, carinse strongl}' compresso-carinate, above and below littlelobate; posterior femora stout, the margins arcuate, minutel}^ serru-late; posterior tibiie plurispinose, canthi minutely serrulate; the firstarticle of the posterior tarsi distinctly longer than the third, the hrsttwo pulvilli equal in length and acute, the third little longer and flatbelow. Total length of body 10.2 mm.; pronotum 8.5 mm.; posteriorfemora 1.5 mm.Type.?C^t. No. 9754, U.S.N.M.Ilabitat.?Paraguav, January 25, 1901.This species is distinguished from the other members of Apotettixby the broader vertex, the more scabrus dorsum and the subproducedobliquely truncated posterior angles of the lateral lobes of pronotum.PARATETTIX Bolivar.PARATETTIX SCHOCHII Bolivar.Paratettix schochii Bolivar, Essai Tettigidae, 1887, p. 100.This insect is credited to Asuncion, Paraguay, by Giglio-Tos. It isquite possible, however, that this is an error and another insect isreferred to. PARATETTIX BORELLII Giglio-Tos.Paratettix borellii GiGiAo-To?, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 302,p. 28.Paratettix toUerus ({iglio-Tos, Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 5.Hahitat.?Very common throughout middle Argentina and north-ward. Quite likely also occurs in Paraguay, though no specimens areat hand from that country.
616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.PARATETTIX CNEMIDOTUS (Burmeister).Tetrif cnemidota Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, 1838, p. 659.Pnrdtettix cnemidotus Bolivar, Eesai Tettigidse, 1887, p. 100.llahltat.?This Brazilian insect, so thinks Giglio-Tos, has been takenin the Province of Jujuy, Argentina. It no doubt occurs as well inParaguay, since most of the representatives of this subfamily enjoya rather wide distribution.PARATETTIX CAUDATUS (Saussure).One female lHl)eled simply "Paraguay," January 25, 1901, and twofemales and a male, from Sapucay, Paraguay. W. T. Foster, collector.TETTIGIDEA Seudder.TETTIGIDEA MULTICOSTATA Bolivar.TeftUjidea multicosiuta Boliv.\k, Essai Tettigidjf, 1887, j). 125.llahltat. --This species is represented by specimens coming fromSapucay, where they were taken b}- \V. T. Foster. It is also knownto occur quite commonly throughout northern Argentina and southernBrazil (Bolivar, (Tiglio-Tos).TETTIGIDEA GRACILIS Bruner.Tettigidea gracilis BRVtiKn, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 17.Habitat.?A single specimen, the type, of this insect is at hand. Itwas taken on the steamer n(>ar the borders of Paraguay by the writer.It is evidently a native of that country as well.BATRACHIDEA Serville.BATRACHIDEA FI AVONOTATA Bolivar.Butruchidcaflaronotata Bolivar, Essai Tettigidjs, 1887, p. 126.Ilahitat,?Asuncion, Paraguay. Possibly the same as the followingspecies, described by Hancock:BATRACHIDEA NOTATA, new species (Hancock).Charactt-rx.?Male, body granulose, ferrugineo-fuscous, lateral loliesand lower portion of face similarly colored, legs pale. Vert-^x etjualto one of. the eyes in breadth, distinctly flattened and nearly on a levelwith the eyes, narrowed forward, the front margin truncate, on eitherside with miiuite abhivviated, rounded carina', mid-carina vestigial andminutely elevated anteriorly. Eyes subglobose. Frontal costa nar-rowly compressed, facial contour depresso-convexed, very little pro-duced, not at all sinuate. Pronotum anteriorly strongly spiniformproduced, posteriorly the apical process abbreviated acute, notextended
NO. 1461. - LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS?BRUNER. 617backward to the knees, antero-lateral margin behind the frontal spinevery shallowly convexly excavate on each side, anterior carina behind thefront margin distinctly conv^ergent backward, in length not quite equalto that of the eyes, median carina percurrent, substraight, little com-presso-elevated, behind the spine anteriorlj- as far backward as thesulci distinctly compressed, and barely elevato- arcuate forward. Elytraelongate, acuminate forward, widest near the apex, and presenting a largeoval pale macula, occupying about a third of the elytral area posteri-orly (probably smaller in the female); wings undeveloped. Femoralmargins entire, posterior femora stout, the superior margin arcuate,the antegenicular denticle acute; posterior tibia? plurispinose, thecanthi minutely serrulate and little expanded toward the apex; thefirst article of the posterior tarsi with the third pulvilli barely longerthan the first and second and straight below.Total length of body, 9 mm. ; pronotum, G.5 mm. ; posterior femora,5 mm.Type.?C2it. No. 9755, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay. W. T. Foster, collector.
No specimens of this group are at hand, but the following-namedgenera and species are known to occur in the region covered l)y thepresent paper:TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA.
a. Fastigium of the vertex very narrow, scarcely or not at all projecting in advanceof the eyes Eumasta.v Burraa. Fastigium of the vertex wider and more or less projecting in advance of theeyes Masyntes KarschEUMASTAX Burr.This generic name has recently been suggested by Malcolm Burr "in place of JIasta.e Perty, which had been used several years beforein Coleoptera. This being the typical genus of the subfamily necessi-tated the changing of that name also.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Apex of the vertex above the eyes, when viewed from the side, not visible.Tegmina and wings fully developed. Posterior femora "irregularly blackspotted pardalina Burraa. Apex of the vertex above the eyes when viewed from the side plainly visible.Deflexed lobes of the protonum with the anterior angle obtuse. . versicolor BurrEUMASTAX PARDALINA Burr.Eumastax pardalina^ Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 51.This insect was described as coming from Paraguay.
?Anales de la Sociedad Espaiiola de Historia Natural, XXVIII, 1899.
618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.EUMASTAX VERSICOLOR Burr.Etnnastax versicolor Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 54.This is also a Paraguayan species.MASYNTES Karsch.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Tegmina lobit'orm, elliptical, the apex broadly rounded. Pronotum truncatebehind, the middle minutely notched borelln Giglio-Tosaa. Tegmina and wingH perfectly developed. Pronotum rounded behind, the middlenot notched tigris BurrMASYNTES BORELLII Giglio-Tos.MasynteK fiordlii Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mu.s. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. 302,p. 17.It has been taken at San Pedro, Paragua3\MASYNTES TIGRIS Burr.This is also recorded a.s coming from Paraguay.
As indicated in the ta])le for determining tlie subfamilies of Para-guayan locusts, it will be seen that the insects ])elonging to this sub-family are rather long, wingless, and resemble to a certain extent thedifferent species of walking sticks, or stick insects. Thus far therehave been reported as coming from this region but four species. Anumy)er of others should be added. The}^ belong to the two generathat may be separated b\' the accompanying table.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA.
a. Pronotum cylindrical, not separated from the prosternum l)y longitudinal lines.Body comjjaratively heavy in the female; antenn;e nearly as long or a triflelonger than the vertex TeUinorhi/nchm Brunneraa. Pronotum more or less flattened from above, divided from the prosternum by alongitudinal line. Body long and slender even in the fewiale; the vertex inboth sexes advanced beyond the tip of the antenna> Ccphalornnia ServilleTETANORHYNCHUS Brunner.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
((. Rostrum of the female distinctly shorter tluiu the remainder of head, attenuatedtoward the a^jex huiitills Giglio-Tosaa. Rostrum of the female distinctly longer than the remainder of head.
, b. Rostrum with the apex strongly clavate, posterior tibia- armed above with14-22 spines on the inner and outer rows hurcllii Giglio-Tosbb. Rostrum attenuate toward the apex. Posterior tibite armed above with 13spines on the inner and outer rows aiujuslirodris Bruimer
LIST OF PARA G UA YAN LOCVSTS?BR VNER. 619TETANORHYNCHUS HUMILIS Giglio-Tos.Tetanorhyvckiii^ humilis Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, XII, No. 302, p. 18 (1897).Habitat.?San Lorenzo, Province of Jnjiiy, and northward and east-ward. (Giglio-Tos.)TETANORHYNCHUS BORELLII Giglio-Tos.Tetanorhiinchuii hureUii Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, No. 302, p. 18 (1897).Habitat.?Same localities as the preceding, and likewise Bolivia.(Giglio-Tos.)TETANORHYNCHUS ANGUSTIROSTRIS Brunner.TetanoHiynchus angustirostris Bkunneh, Verhandl. d. k. k. Zool. bot. Ges.,XXXIX, p. 107 (1890).Habitat.? '^'Aw Jose, Argentina. (Brunner.) Possibly also fromParaguay. CEPHALOCCEMA Serville.CEPHALOCCEMA COSTULATA Burmeister.Plate XXXVI, tig. 1.The collection contains several specimens of both sexes of undoubted
' costulata., which were taken at Sapucay by W. T. Foster. It has alsobeen previously reported by Brunner and Giglio-Tos as occurring inParaguay. CEPHALOCCEMA CALAMUS Burmeister?The collection contains several specimens, both males and females, ofan inse(;t which runs to calamus in Brunner's synoptic table, but whichare too small by about 10 mm. (female) and 30 mm. (male). An exami-nation of their sexual appendages points to maturity. Should thisinsect prove to be distinct from calamus., the name burmeisteri isproposed for it. The following brief diagnosis will show wherein itdiffers from that species as characterized by Burmeister:Abdomen in some specimens showing faint cost*; pronotum weaklygranulose; antennae shorter than (female) or considerably longer than(male) the rostrum; the latter about equal to, in female, or about two-thirds as long, male, as the rest of head, its apex blunt and gentlydepressed or curved downward. Hind femora with 13 or 14 spinesin outer row.Length of body, male 60, female 94; of head, male 8, female 16; ofrostrum, male 3, female 8.5; of pronotum, male 10.5, female 17; ofhind femora, male 21, female 29; of anterior femora, male 7, female10 mm.Habitat. ?SapvLGSiy , Paraguay, January to March. W. T. Foster,collector.
620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.CEPHALOCCEMA TERETIUSCULA Brunner.This insect is also credited to Paraguay."CEPHALOCCEMA, species.A fourth species of this genus is represented b}^ a single n3'mphwhich was taken l)v the writer during the month of September at SanBeiMiardino. It is a rather rolnist form Avith short, stout legs, and inwhicli the rostrum of the vertex is broad, sulcate, evenly tapering,and longer than the rest of the head. The hind tibiae are providedwith 17 spines on the inner and 19 on the outer upper margin andbelow with a few minute ones on the outer edge. The pronotum andabdomen above are furnished with longitudinal costi\j in the fashion ofcostulata.Several additional species are lia])le to occur in Paraguay. Thosethe habitat of which is known and would permit of this are alsoincluded in the following synoptic table:TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
It. Rostrum of the vertex scarcely as long as or but little longer than balance ofhead. Pronotum pnnctulate or smooth. Tiliife above on both sides with notmore than 16 spines.}). Rostrum of the vertex mucli shorter than the remainder of head. Abdomen5-ridged costalata Burmeister and fnirmeisteri Brunerhb. Rostrum of the vertex distinctly shorter than or but little longer thanremainder of head. Aljdomen not 5-ridged.c. More robust; rostrum pyramidal, acuminate, viewed from the front narrowlylamellate. Antenn;e of female greatly surpassing the rostrum.horelUi. Giglio-Toscc. More slender; rostrum with the sides parallel.d. Rostrum linear, obtuse, viewed from the front narrowly cruciform.Antenna' of female a little surpassing the rostrum caizana Giglio-Tosdd: Rostrum quadrangular, obtuse, as long as (female) or longer (male) thanthe rest of head calamus Burmeister(/'/. Rostrum much (two or more times) longer than the remainder of head.h. I'ronotum longer than the head.c. Pronotum with the anterior margin not tuberculate.d. Rostrum less than twice the length of remainder of head, moderatelydilated toward the apex obtusa Giglio-Tosdd. Rostrum fully twice as long as remainder of head, strongly dilated towardthe apex magna Giglio-Tos(T. Pronotum with the anterior margin bituberculate gigantea Giglio-Tosbb. Pronotum shorter than tiie head.c. Rostrum less than four times as long as remainder of head.(/. Rostrum a trifle more than twice as long as remainder of head; the ante-rior femora about two-thirds as long as pronotum teretiuscida Brunnerdd. Rostrum three times as long as remainder of head; the anterior femoraa trifle longer than tlie pronotum lancea Burmeistercc. Kostrnm more than four times as long as remainder of head. litieata Brunner
?See Monog. Proscop., p. 82.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARA a UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 621
The insects belonging to this subfamily are much more numerousthan are those of any of the preceding subfamilies; and, in someinstances, become sufficiently numerous to be classed as destructive.The genera named in the following table are known to occur in Para-guay. Two of these genera are herewith described for the first time,while a few of the species are also made known to science in this paper.TABLE FOR DETP^RMINATION OF GENERA.
a. Foveolse of vertex below or absent. Face usually very oblique.6. Antenna? with the joints depressed, more or less ensiform.c. Wings of male more or less broadly fenestrate.d. Sides of the fastigiiuii strongly rounded, the apex not acuminate. Tegminaacuminate or decidedly obliquely truncate. Posterior femora with theapical angles horizontally produced, acuminate.e. Head conical, face moderately oblique. Foveote of the vertex indistinct,triagonal./. Vertex longer than the eyes. Tegmina of male broader than the lengthof the pronotum. Wings of male very broadly fenestrate.Hyulopteryx Charpenlierff. Vertex shorter than the eyes. Tegmina of male narrower than thelength of pronotum. Wings of male less broadly fenestrate.g. Tegmina obliquely truncate at apex; wings hyaline and more or lessinfuscated. Pronotum with the lateral carinse continuous uninter-rupted.h. Larger, general color green Tnixalis Linna?ushh. Smaller, general color testaceous or ferruginous Orphula Stalgg. Tegmina acuminate, wings tinted with dilute red. Pronotum withthe lateral carin;^ interrupted Euh-yralis Brunerdd. Sides of the fastigium straight or but gently rounded, the apex more orless acuminate. Tegmina broadly rounded or somewhat truncate. Pos-terior femora with their apical angles roundly deflexed.e. Fastigium of the vertex above depressed; without a longitudinal carina./. Lateral carinse of pronotum more or less converging near the middle.The sides of pronotum compressed; tegmina and wings fully de-veloped.g. Wings tinted with yellowish-brown; the tegmina rather broad, theirapex somewhat ol)li(juely truncate Parorphida Brunergg. Wings transparent or infuscated, the tegmina narrower, their apexrounded.h. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes distinctly longer thanwide. Head and pronotum subequal in length. Frontal costadistinctly sulcate throughout. Front greatly oblique. Lateralcariufe of pronotum subparallel in advance of the posteriorsulcus OrphuUna Giglio-Toshh. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes about as wide as long.Head shorter than the pronotum. Front less strongly oblique.Frontal costa scarcely sulcate below the ocellus. Lateralcarinpe of the pronotum divergent or arculate in advance ofthe hind sulcus Orphulella Giglio-Tosff. Lateral carinae of pronotum not converging near the middle. Thesides of pronotum not compressed. Tegmina and wings usuallymore or less abbreviated Dichromorpha Morse
622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.(f. Fstigium of the vertex above rounded, provided with a logitudinalcarina./'. Wings with tht> anterior ulnar vein branched at h>ase. Antenme long,clavate in the male. Wings red and black Toxopterus Bolivarjf'. Wings with the anterior ulnar vein not branched at base. Antennselong, not clavate in male. Wings hyaline, more or less tinted withcarmine at base Fenestra Brunnercc. Wings of male not fenestrate, the radial veins not incrassate and constrictedon apical third. Pronotum with lateral carinse gently diverging posteri-orily; and with a pair of supplemental carinje on disk. Antennse sub-ensiform. Front strongly oblique Sinipta Stal/'//. Antennae filiform. Lateral carina? of pronotum parallel; supplemental carinieabsent Amblytropidia Stalaa. FoveoljB of vertex visible from above, always present. Face usually morenearly vertical than in the alternate category.
//. Inner apical spurs of hind tibiae subequal in length. Antennje, at least of male,nearly or quite as long as hind femora.
c. Wings colored. Basal joints of antennae depressed. Lateral carinae of pro-notum converging toward the middle. Tegmina without trace of intercalaryvein Dich roatettix Brunercc. Wings transparent. Basal joints of antennse not depressed. Lateral carinieof pronotum nearly parallel. Tegmina with the intercalary vein moreor less plainly developed.d. Pronotum provided with lateral carinte, which are interrupted in the mid-dle. Valves of the ovipositor of normal type Staurorhectus Giglio-Tosdd. Pronotum entirely without lateral carinae. Valves of the ovipositor veryblunt Amblyscapheus, new genusfill. Inner apical spurs very unequal in length. Antennfe of neither sex anywherenear as long as hind feihora.
c". Lateral foveol;e of the vertex well develojied, once and a half to twice as longas broad.d. Lateral carina' interru[)ted in the middle, strongly divergent both in frontand behind. The inner claws of hind tibia' fully twice the length of theouter one. Wings of female fully developed Stirapleura Scudderdd. Lateral carinpe of the pronotum not interrupted, but gently divergent infront and behind. Inner claws of hind tibia? less than twice the lengthof outer. Tegmina and wings of the female abbreviated.Melosci)iui<, new genuscc. Lateral foveoUe of vertex o))scure, linear. Lateral lobes of pronotum with-out raised line or carina.d. Larger. Lateral carini? i>f pronotum more or less interrupted betweenanterior and j)osterior sulci; diverging strongly anteriorly and poste-riorily Plectrotetti.r ^McNeilldd. Smaller. Lateral carinse of pronotum but little or not at all interrupted:divergent but little Euplectrotettix BrunerHYALOPTERYX Charpentier.The geniLs ILyaloptcryj' of which 1[. i-ujipvtmixi Charpentier its thetype, occurs in the southern part of tropical South America, where itis represented )>v several species.The material collected by W. T. Foster, at Sapucay, contains 5 malesand 10 females of this genus. Instead of agreeing with H. rnjipennisthe}' differ from Charpentier's description and figures in a number of
NO. I4fii. LIST OF FARAGUA VAN LOCUSTS?BRUNER. 023
respects, and are described herewith as new. A second species orpossibly the H. hiterrupta Bruiiner from Sao Paulo, Brazil, is alsocharacterized in the subjoined sjnioptic table, as also species describedby each, Malcolm Burr and Giglio-Tos.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF 8PECIES.
(>. Disk of hind wings red or rufous.h. Tegniina of male much wider in tlieir broadest part than the length of thepronotum; in the female acuminate.c. Hind femora without lamellate prolongations at the apex above. Coloredportion of wings uniform red or reddish rKfipennis Charpentiercc. Hind femora provided with lamellate projections at their apex, the one oninner side more than twice as long as the outer. Colored portion of wingsmuch darker externally so as to form a conspicuous arcuate band.interrupta Brunner ?tamellipes, new specieshfi. Tegmina of male no wider than the length of the pronotum; in the femalesubacuiiiinate ?. xpecularif:, new speciesaa. Disk and anal area of hind wings subhyaline or yellow.h. Larger. Wings clear yellow; the anterior field broadly dilated and fenestratein male exa(/geratuf< Burrbh. Smaller. Wings subhyaline; the anterior field in male but little dilated.gracilis Giglio-TosHYALOPTERYX RUFIPENNIS Charpentier.Hyalopfery.r rufipemiis Charpentier, Orthopt. Descr. et Depict., 1853, pi. xlvi.Charpentier simply gives Brazil as the habitat of his species. Itmay also occur in Paraguay.HYALOPTERYX INTERRUPTA Brunner? or HYALOPTERYX LAMEL-LIPES, new species.There are before me as I Avrite several specimens of a species of thisgenus that possess the characters given at cc in the synoptic table.They come from Sao Paulo, Brazil, which is in the same general regionas Paraguay.Bang Haase lists Hyalopteryx interrupta Brunner in one of his cata-logues. I have been unable to discover the place of publication of thisspecies, hence do not know whether it is the same as lamellvpes. It alsobelongs to the same general region.HYALOPTERYX SPECULARIS, new species.Pale flavo-testaceous to bruneo-testaceous, the tegmina more or lessstrongl}^ and regularly conspersed with fuscous. The hind wings,especially in the males, showing traces of a deeper red band beyondthe middle.Body compressed, rather slender. Head about the same length asthe pronotum; the vertex gentlj" ascending, as long as the eyes,broadly rounded in front, convex in the middle, and provided with a
624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.prominent longitudinal carina; frontal costa prominent between theantenn;i?, greatl}* contracted above, .sulcate throughout except at thenarrowest place at upper end, the sides parallel to the transverse facialgroove below the ocellus, below this gently and evenly divergent.P'ace viewed in profile gently hollow. Antennae broadly (female) ornarrowl}' (male) ensiform, as long as the head and pronotum combinedin the male, but considerably shorter in the female. Sides of pronotumnearlv parallel, provided with four or five well-defined longitudinalridges; lateral carinse prominent as far as the second transverse sulcuswhere they divide, one part continuing as the carina, while the otherforms a supplementary carina near the sides of the disk and to thehind extremity; median carina strong, especiallv on the front lobe,cut about the middle by the last transverse sulcus; front edge straight,hind margin obtusely angulate. Tegmina extending be^'ond the apexof abdomen as well as the tips of hind femora in both sexes, of moder-ate width and bluntl}- acuminate in the female, in the male about asl)road at their widest part as the length of the pronotum. also some-what acuminate at apex. Wings much shorter than the tegmina, theanterior field of the male with a broadly rounded and heavy front bor-der made up of three heav}^ veins separated by two series composed ofnumerous short transverse parallel veinlets; the speculum moderatelybroad and occupj^ing about one-fourth of the entire wing, separatedinto sections by 8 cross-veins. Hind femora somewhat longer (male)or about reaching (female) the tip of the abdomen, their apices on eachside above produced into short acute lamellae of about equal length.Hind tibiai provided with about 15 spines in outer row. Subgenitalplate of male abdomen acute, straight, about twice as long as its basalwidth. Valves of ovipositor short and blunt.General color dull testaceous, inclining to bi'ownish, the sides ofhead, back of eyes, and pronotum along lateral carina' to hind marginwith a piceous or dark brown band that continues for a short distanceon the basal portion of the discal tield of tegmina. The latter alsoprovided with a few small black or dark brown discal spots basally andbeyond quite generally and regularly conspersed with brown; at theextreme base on the hind margin with a small triangular red patch.Wings with the anterior field testaceous and fuscous, except the spec-ulum, which is colorless; basal half of radial field vermillion, crossedbeyond by a rather broad l)and of claret, the apical portion and a nar-row space adjoining the speculum smok}- hyaline, with dusk}' veins;in the female the greater portion of the wing is vermillion with theprincipal longitudinal veins and many of the transverse veinlets of theanterior field brown or black, the apical fourth and outer part of whatcorresponds to the speculum in the male smokj^ hyaline. Face, sidesof head, pronotum, pleura, and abdomen sparsely conspersed withblack dots.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARA G UA TAN LOCUSTS?BE UNER. 625Length of body, male, 27, female, 37; of pronotum, male, 4.95,female, 6.75; of tegmina, male, 22.5, female, 30; of hind femora, mal?14.5, female, 19; of antennae, male and female, 10-13 mm.Ti/jje.?Csit No. 9728, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapuca^', Paraguay, in December.HYALOPTERYX EXAGGERATUS Burr.Hyalopteryx exaggeratus Burr, Tran.s. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, Pt. 2, p. 183.This insect comes from the adjoining parts of Brazil and Bolivia. Itmay be found in Paraguay as well.HYALOPTERYX GRACILIS Giglio-Tos.Hyalopterifx gracilis Gi(iLU)-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zoul. Anat. Torino, No. 302, XIT,1897, p. 22.This species was described from the Bolivian Chaco which borderson Paragua3\ It is therefore likely to be found in Paraguay as well.TRUXALIS Linneeus.TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS (Linnaeus).Gryllus brevicornis LiiNNMVs, Cent. Ins. Par., 1763, p. 15.Truxalis breiicornis Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 1775, p. 279.Acridium ensicornum De Geer, Mem. Ins., 1773, p. 449, pi. xlii, figs. 1, 2.Opsomala pundipennis iiERViLhK, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth., 1838, p. 590.Truxalis viridala Palisot Beauvois, Ins. Afr. and Amer. , 1807, p. 80, pi. in, fig. 4.Oxycoryphus hurkhartianus Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1861, p. 315.Truxalis adspersa Blanchard, Voy. Amer. Merid., VI, Pt. 2, 1837-43, p. 216,pi. XXVII, fig. 2.Several specimens are at hand from Asuncion where they werecollected by the writer, Giglio-Tos also reports it from the samelocality. There are also a number of specimeris before me that werecollected at Sapucay by W. T. Foster.It is one of the most widely di.stributed species of American locusts,being found on both continents between the fortieth parallels of latitude.EUTRYXALIS Bruner.EUTRYXALIS MINOR (Giglio-Tos).Metaleptea. minor Gkjlio-To.s, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 302, XII, 1897,p. 22.Eutryxalis minor Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, p. 24.No specimens of this insect are at hand that were taken in Para-guay, but it was collected at Asuncion and in the adjoining parts ofthe Bolivian chaco by Dr. A. Borelli.Proc. N. M. vol. x'^x?OQ 10
626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.ORPHULA Stal.ORPHULA PAGANA Stal.Gomphocerus {Hyaloptenix) ptujann 8tAi., Freg. Eug. Resa. Ins. Orthopt., 1860,p. 839.Truxalls (Orphula) pagana StAi-, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1878, p. 10(i.Orphuln jxt/jana Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 184, IX, 1894,p. 9.This species is represented b}^ a large number of specimens thatwere collected both 1)}^ the writer and 1)}" W. T. Foster. It comesfrom all the localities in Parag-uay, as well as from the adjoining partsof Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil.PARORPHULA Bruner.PARORPHULA GRAMINEA Bruner.Plate XX XVI, Hg. 7.Parorphula graminea Brunek, Sec. Rept. Merch. Locusst. Invest. Com. B. A.,1900, p. 25. fig. 7.No specimens of this insect are at hand from Paragua3^an localities,but it is known to have a wide distribution in Argentina immediatol}"to the south. It is liable to be met with on pasture lands where theforests are open or missing.ORPHULINA Giglio-Tos.ORPHULINA PULCHELLA Giglio-Tos.Orphulina pulcheUa Giglio-Tos, Bull. ^NIus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 184, IX,1894, p. 9.There are several female .specimens at hand that may belong here.If they do they are hardly separa})le from the genus OrphuJeJla^ exceptthat in these specimens the space between the mesosternal lobes isplainl}^ longer than wide, whereas in the various species of OrphvleJhiit is decidedly wider than long. Since Giglio-Tos has described onlythe male, the following brief diagnosis of the female may be added:Body slender, slightly compressed at thorax, the head about as hroadas the front edge and about four-fifths as long as the pronotum, theface rather strong!}- oblique; fastigium of the vertex forming about aright angle, as in OrjJmhlhi. Pronotum a very little expanding onhind lobe, which is but little, if any, shorter than the anterior; lateralcarina) in front of last transverse sulcus parallel, back of it somewhatdivergent. Tegmina of medium Avidth, not provided with discal spots,extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind femoraa trifle surpassing the abdomen.General color a])ove testaceous or greenish, the sides of the head,pronotum, and pleurw fuscous, bordered along the lateral carinre by a
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAG UA TAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 627line of black, sometimes lighter or darker; below this flavous. Hindfemora testaceous, their outer disk more or less ferruginous or brown-ish; hind tibife testaceous, their apex infuscated. Tegmina, except ondorsal field, more or less fuscous.Length of body, female, 20-22; of pronotum, 3.8; of tegmina, 17; ofhind femora, 11.5 mm.Habitat.?Sapuca^^, Paraguay, January to March (W. T. Foster),3 females. Also reported by Giglio-Tos from San Pedro.ORPHULELLA Giglio-Tos.The insects which belong to this genus are all rather small and ver}^variable in color?so much so, in fact, that without a very full seriesof specimens for study the student can not construct a table that willdefinitely separate them. There seem to be at least four, and possiblyfive, well-marked forms found within the territory covered by thepresent paper. Thej'^ may be determined by the followingTABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Lateral carinpe of the pronotum interrupted or obsolete between the anterior andposterior sulci.b. Size small
_. gracilis Giglio-Toshb. Size larger, separate sections of carinse lunate obscura, new speciesaa. Lateral carinse of the pronotum complete or subinterrupted. Size larger.b. General color testaceous or pale ferruginous. The tegmina rather evenly sprin-kled with fuscous dots.c. Size larger (female, 18 mm.). Lateral carinee strongly divergent pos^-teriorly punctata (De Geer)CO. Size smaller (female, 16 mm.). Lateral carinse less strongly divergent pos-teriorly intricata ( Stal
)
bb. General color green. The discal field alone varied with fuscous.elegans Giglio-TosORPHULELLA GRACILIS Giglio-Tos.Orphulella (jrarilis Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, No. 184, 1894,p. 11.Halntat.?Various localities in Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); San Bernar-dino (Bruner). /ORPHULELLA OBSCURA, new species.A very dark colored and strongly hirsute insect with broadly inter-rupted lateral carina of the pronotum, and in this respect allied to ().gracilis Giglio-Tos. As compared with gracilis it is, however, muchlarger and more robust, and has the hind femora more than usuallyrobust for the genus. Body compressed and deep through the middle.Head large and wide, as long as and a little broader than the front edgeof pronotum; eyes, especially in the male, large and prominent; vertexfairly wide, short, the bounding walls parallel for a short distanceand meeting at fastigium in an obtuse angle even in the male; frontal
628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.costa prominent between the antennae, narrow above, evenl}^ broadeningbelow and continuous to the clypeus, profoundly sulcate throughout;lateral foveolse large, subquadrate in the male, or acutel}' triangularin the female. Pronotum short, broad, rather strongly- constricted inthe middle; lateral carinse obliterated between the middle and anteriorsulci; strong elsewhere, the anterior section arcuate and greatlyoblique or divergent, the part between the middle and posterior sulci
.short and lunate, broadly separated from that on the posterior lobe,the latter also a little arcuate and oblique?in each case the apices ofthese sections are directed inward; anterior edge truncate, the poste-rior broadly angulate; sides higher than long, their lower edge stronglysinuate. Tegmina moderately wide, longer than the abdomen andhind femora in both sexes, their apices broadl}^ rounded. Hindfemora robust on basal two-thirds, about normal on the outer third, alittle surpassing (male) or not quite reaching (female) the tip of theabdomen. Antennae rather heavy, filiform, a litttle longer than thehead and pronotum taken together.General color brownish, testaceous, very heavily and profuselymarked with black. Head back of eyes, a considerable portion of theocciput, sides of pronotum, pleura, hind femora, and tegmina black
?
these markings much more decided and extensive in the male than inthe female. On the disk of the pronotum inside the lateral carina^ adecussate pale marking, the sides of pronotum, head, and pleura alsoprovided with several paler markings. Hind femora, as well as thoseof anterior and middle pairs, likewise alternately pale and dark banded.The tibia? and tarsi annulated with dull black. Tegmina variegatedwith paler discal and dorsal spots. The abdomen testaceous conspersedwith black or dark brown. Wings strongly fuliginous. Antenna^ferruginous at base, but becoming much darker, almost black,apical ly.Length of bod}', male, 16; female, 21; of antenna', male and female,6.75; of pronotum, male, 3; female, 3.2; of tegmina, male, 14; female,17.5; of hind femora, male, 9; female, 10 mm.TT/pe.?Cat. No. 9729, U.S.N.M.Ilahitat.?Sapucay, Paragua}-, 1 male and 2 females, taken duringthe months of January and February (W. T. Foster, collector).ORPHULELLA PUNCTATA (DeGeer).Acridium punctattim 'Dts.Gkts.v., Mem. Ins., Ill, 1773, p. 503, pi. xlii, fig. 12.Tntxalis {Orphula) putidaiaSTAh, Recent. Orthoj)t., I, 1873, p. 106.Orphulella punctata Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 12.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paragua}-, numerous specimens (W. T. Foster);various localities in Paragua}' (Giglio-Tos). It is also found through-out Biazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, some of the West Indies, and Cen-tral America.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARA G UA VAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 629ORPHULELLA INTRICATA (Stal).Orphula intricata StAl, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 106.Orphulella intrkata (Imuo-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 12.Habitat.?Several specimens of both sexes that appear to belong herewere taken by the writer at Asuncion. Others are among the mate-rial collected at Sapiicay by W. T. Foster.ORPHULELLA ELEGANS Giglio-Tos.Orphidella elegaii.8 GiGLio-ToH, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 12.Habitat.?Province of San Pedro, Villa Rica, and Asuncion (Giglio-Tos); Asuncion (Bruner); Sapucay (W. T. Foster).DICHROMORPHA Morse.DICHROMORPHA AUSTRALIS Bruner.IHchromorpha viridls Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No.302, p. 24; XV, 1900, No. 377, p. 3.Dichroniorpha austraUs Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, p. 29.Habitat.? i^evera] specimens, male and female, collected by W. T.Foster at Sapucay. Asuncion (Giglio-Tos, Bruner).The present species was wrongfull}' included with the considerablylarger and more robust North American D. viridis Scudder. For arather full synonymy of this last-mentioned species see Biologia Cent.Amer., Orthopt., II, p. 86.TOXOPTERUS Bolivar.TOXOPTERUS MINIATUS Bolivar?Toxopterus miniatus Bolivar, Anal. Boc. Esp. Hist. Nat., XIX, 1890, p. 314.Hahitat.?Several specimens of the two sexes were taken by W. T.Foster at Sapucay, Paragua}".This insect is doubtfully referred to Bolivar's species.FENESTRA Brunner.If the genus Fenestra occurs in Paraguay, it will be found in opencountry among the bunch grasses. Three species were described b}'the writer.'^' Brunner did not mention a type for the genus, so wemay consider Fenestra j^ulcJiripemiis as the type. It may occur inParaguay, as it appears to be the more common species in Argentina.
?Locusts of Argentina, pp. 30 and 31.
(530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.SINIPTA Stal.SINIPTA DALMANI StSl.Plate XXXVI, fig. 3.Gomphocerus (Sinipta) dalmani StAl, Freg. Eug. Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1860,p. 340.Sinipta dalmani fiT^L, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 103.Habitat.?The collections made bj' W. T. Foster at SapucaA", Para-guay, contain examples of this insect. Stal's type came from Uruguay,and numerous examples were taken by the writer in middle and north-ern Argentina, where it is a very common insect on the open pampas.AMBLYTROPIDIA Stal.This genus contains a rather large number of species, taking thetwo Americas together. They are most abundant in the Tropics, how-ever, where the species are distributed in savannas or grassy openingsin the forests. The species so far recognized may be separated by thesubjoined table:TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
It. Median carina of vertex quite prominent. Last transverse sulcus of pronotumsituated plainly behind the middle.h. Quite robust, for most part pale colored, the tegminaof female not or y>ut littlesurpassing the tip of the abdomen. The latter concolorous above.
c. Antennfe of female, those of the male always more elongate, a trifle longerthan the head and pronotum combined. ' Tegmina provided with fuscousspots.d. Smaller. Brazil .ferruginosa Staldd. Larger. Central America (Guatemala). Hind tibi;e with 13 spines inouter row magna Brunercc. Antennte of female plainly shorter than the head and pronotum combined.Tegmina variable.d. Tegmina pale testaceous, without fuscous spots or longitudinal palestrijies ani^t rails Brunerdd. Tegmina mottled, or with both fuscous spots and longitudinal palestripes. Often largely green.
e. Smaller. Tegmina often with a sub-costal pale line, or the dorsum withlateral green stripes reaching from the eyes to middle of the tegmina.The latter as long as abdomen .viitata Giglio-Tosee. Larger. Tegmina without the sub-costal pale line; the dorsum eitherwholly green or ferruginous. Tegmina shorter than the abdomen.robusta, new species/'//. More slender, rather dark colored. Tegmina of female always surpassing thetip of abdomen. Abdomen of male at least bright ferruginous or orangeabove.
c. Color quite uniform dusky brown, the females with distinctly flecked tegmina.d. Hind tibia; 12-13 spined in outer row. British Guiana and TrinidadI>*land trinitatis Brunerc/(/. Hind tibiae 15-16 spined in outer row. West coast of Central Mexico.elongata Bruner
NO. U6\. TJST OF PA AM G UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 681
cc. Color dark olive brown in male. Hind tibiae 11-12 spined in outer row.Mexico auriventris Bruneraa. Median carina of vertex less prominent. Last transver.?e sulcus of pronotumsituated about the middle.//. Hind tibije provided with 15-19 spines in outer row.r. Rather robust. Color variable. Costa Riean costaricensis Brunercc. More slender. The color more uniform. Mexico southerly.(/. Anterior portion of disk of pronotum narrower than the hind portion;lateral carin;e in males concolorous; disk and sides not decidedly infus-cated mystica Saussuredd. Anterior portion of disk of pronotum about equal to the width of hind por-tion; lateral carinse in males pale, the disk and sides infuscated.ingenita Brunerbb. Hind tibipe provided with but 14 spines in outer row. Eastern United Statessouthward occidentalis SaussureAMBLYTROPIDIA FERRUGINOSA StSl.Amblytropidia Jerruginosu StAl, Recens. Orthoj)!., I, 187H, ]i. 107.
?
Bruner,Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 63.Habitat.?^According- to Giglio-Tos? this .species occurs in Paraguayat various localities. The collections do not contain specimens of it.AMBLYTROPIDIA AUSTRALIS Bruner.Amhlytropidia auslralis Bruner, Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, pp. 62,64.Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Gic;lio-Tos. , Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894,No. 184, p. 13; XII, 1897, No. 302, p. 25.Habitat.?Specimens of this insect are at hand from Asuncion(Bruner) and Sapuca}^ (Foster). It is more common southward inArgentina and Uruguay.AMBLYTROPIDIA VITTATA Giglio-Tos.Amblytropidia vittata Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No.184, p. 13.Habitat.?Luque, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); specimens are at handfrom Sao Paulo, Brazil.AMBLYTROPIDIA ROBUSTA, new species.A variable in.sect as to general color, in which the two sexes differgreatly in size and comparative robustness. Male slender, rufo-testa-ceous, with fuscous knees; female robu.st, varying from pale testa-ceous to dark brown, the dorsum sometimes uniformly green, the kneesconcolorous.Head of moderate size, about as wide as front edge of the pronotum,the occiput and vertex somewhat rugose, the latter short and providedwith a well-defined longitudinal carina; frontal costa prominent andunusually broad, slightly expanding below and continuous to theclypeus, in the male punctate and decidedly sulcate, in the femalesmooth and faintly sulcate. Antennae filiform, not quite as long
?Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino.
632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.(female), or a little longer (male) than the combined length of head andthorax. Pronotum a little expanding- posteriorly, the lateral carina?prominent, rather coarsely punctate, most profusely so on the hindlobe; transverse sulci faint, the posterior one only severing the mediancarina, situated plainly ])ack of middle. Tegmina without a definiteintcrcahuy vein, a little surpassing (male) but falling considerablyshort of the tip of the abdomen (female). Hind femora long androbust, surpassing the abdomen in ])oth sexes. Hind tibiw with lH-14spines in outer row.General color var^-ing from a nearly uniform pale testaceous with anoHvaceous tinge on sides of pronotum and pleura in the males to a deepbrown varied with green on dorsum in females. Face usually palerthan other portions of head; the usual dusky band back of eyes andalong the upper edge of sides of pronotum. Tegmina immaculate inthe males, in the females provided with a discal row of fuscous dots,sometimes the balance of the mem))er also more or less regularly butdimly conspersed. Sides of the three basal abdominal segmentslargely black in the female, pale in male. Hind femora with th< irinner face and lower sulcus reddish purple (female) or orange (male).Antenna? infuscated apically.Length of body, male, 20, female, 33; of pronotum, male. 4, female,6; of tegmina, male, IT, female, 21: of hind femora, male, 14, female,21.5 mm.Type.?Cvii. No. 9717, U.S.N.M.Hahltat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, collector; several spec-imens of both sexes.DICHROATETTIX Bruner.DICHROATETTIX VIRIDIFRONS Bruner?Plate XXXVI, figs. 5, 6.])ichroate(tix riridifroii!^ Bkuner, Lofunts of Argent., \k IV.], 1900, figs. 9 ami 10.While no .specimens of this species are at hand, it is barely possiblethat it may occur in Paraguay as well as in Argentina.DICHROATETTIX BOHLSII ( Giglio-Tos).Fenestra bohltii i Gmhio-Tos, Zoul. Jalirli., VIII, ji. S07.JIal)itat.?Paraguay (Giglio-Tos); Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T. Fo.s-ter), several specimens of both .sexes.This insect is rather larger and more robust than the preceding,from which it differs in these respects, and in having the wings lessclouded on the anterior field and apical half.AMBLYSCAPHEUS, new genus.Related to >^t<(i(r<>rJicctii>< Giglio-Tos, but ditfei'ing from that genusin the entire absence of lateral carina- on the pronotum.
JO. 1461. LIST OF PARA Q UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR VNER. 633Head rather large, smooth, a little broader below than above, nearl}-IS long- as pronotuni; the occiput gently rounded; the vertex about asIwide as the shortest dianietc^r of one of the eyes, without a longitudi-lal carina, and meeting in front at less than a right angle, lateraljarinoe- fairly prominent, the surface within depressed so as to form a^semicircular groove extending across the front; frontal costa promi-nent, a very little narrower at the ocellus than between the antenna?and below, sulcate deeply throughout. Face rather strongly oblique,straight when viewed laterally, facial carina? strong, straight, greatlydivergent; eyes pja-iform, considerably diverging, about as long asthat portion of the cheeks below them. Antenna? coarsely filiformand with the basal joints a little depressed, but not enough so as togive to these members even a subensiform appearance, a little longerthan the head and pronotum together. Pronotuni nearly cylindrical,without lateral carinte, but with a strong, equal, median one, smoothon anterior lobe, finely and closely punctulate on posterior, the latterlobe about one-fourth shorter than the former; anterior edge broadlyrounded, the hind edge obtusangulate, lower lateral edges sinuate.Tegmina membranous, of medium width, paucily veined, the apexrounded and without an intercalaiy vein, a little surpassing the tip ofabdomen but not quite reaching the apices of hind femora. Latterlong, slender on apical, rather robust on basal half; hind tibia? pro-fusely hirsute and with 11 spines in outer row. ? Upper valves ofovipositor short, slender at base but broad to near apex, the tip short.Mesosternal lobes about as wide apart as the lobes themselves.Type of genui^.?Amhlyscapheus Ihieatris.AMBLYSCAPHEUS LINEATUS, new species.A medium sized but moderately robust insect, the general color ofwhich is bright yellow with black antenna? and two prominent very darkbrown or blackish stripes which extend from the fastigium, one on eachside of vertex, head, pronotum, and tegmina, to apex. On the latterthese dark stripes gradually widen and occupy the entire discal field andbecome gradually paler from base to tip. Knees of hind femora andimmediate base of tibia? also black. Hind tibia? pale glaucous aboveand on sides, the lower edge dark lined.Length of body, male, 26; of pronotum, 5; of antennae, 10.5; oftegmina, 19; of hind femora, 16.5 mm.Type.?C?it. No. 9730, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapucay, 3 females, December, February, and March.At first glance this insect reminds one very much of the male ofStaurorhectus longicornis Giglio-Tos, but the absence of lateral pro-notal carinas will at once indicate its location. The male is evidentlymuch smaller than the female.
634 PROCEEDINaS OF THE XATIOXAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.STAURORHECTUS Giglio-Tos.STAURORHECTUS LONGICORNIS Giglio-Tos.Stanrorhectus longicornis Giglio-Tos, Boll. jVIus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897,No. 302, p. 26.Jfdhltaf.?The colloctioiis made at Sapucay, Paraguay, by W. T.Foster, and sent to both the U. S. National Museum and the writer,contain a number of individuals of both sexes. It is also common inportions of Argentina and Bolivia.STIRAPLEURA Scudder.Although no specimens of this genus are at hand, nor none appar-ently have been reported from Paragua}', it is quite possible thatStirapleura is represented in the country. They may be looked foron sandy o})en country. Stintplevra variabilis Bruner, from Argen-tina, is figured at hg. 2, on Plate XXXVI, in order that the genusmay be recognized if found.MELOSCIRTUS, ne^A^ genus.Related to Stenohotli nis and Bruneria., but differing from both ofthese genera in a ruimber of respects. Rather below medium in size;in the female with abbreviated tegmina and wings. The face, occi-put, the disk, and sides of pronotum and meso- and metathorax palestreaked.Female.?Head moderately large, a little wider than the front edgeof the pronotum. Eyes subpyriform, about as long as the cheeksbelow them, separated above by a space twice the width of the frontalcosta between the antennai. Fastigium rather deeply sulcate and pro-vided with a faint median longitudinal carina, meeting in front in anobtuse angle; lateral foveolre small, about twice as long as wide, onlvpartially visible from above. Front viewed in prolile roundly oblirjue;frontal costa fairly prominent, evenl\' divergent and continuous to theclypeus, sulcate. Antenna^ tiliform, a little longer than the combinedlength of head and pronotum. The latter short, a very little con-stricted at middle, broadl}' rounded in front, obtusangulate behind;lateral carina arcuate and greatly interrupted between the transversesulci, median carina fairl}' prominent throughout, cut by the lasttransverse sulcus a little back of its middle; lateral lobes a littlehigher than long, the lower edge rounded and provided on each sidenear the hind margin with a more or less prominent, raised, pale-colored tortuous carina. Tegmina somewhat abl)reviate, about halfas long as the abdomen, acuminate, the costal border a little ampliatenear the base, without an intercalary vein. Hind femora ratherrobust, their tip coincident with that of the abdomen; hind tibia? pro-
N0.1461. LIST OF PARAGUA TAN LOCUSn^^BRUNER. 635vided with 8 spines in outer and 10 in inner row, the inner apical spursconsiderably stronger than the outer ones, unequal. Interspacebetween mesosternal lobes fully twice as broad as long. Valves ofovipositor small, as in its allies.Ti/j)e of genuH.?Meloscirtus mistralis.MELOSCIRTUS AUSTRALIS, new species.General color testaceous, varied above and on the sides with fuscous,black and dirty white. Head fuscous, with pale bands on occiput,front and hind borders of cheeks, the sides back of eyes, and the baseof mandibles. The lines back of eyes are quite narrow and continuouswith those that follow the lateral carinfe of the pronotum. The latterwith the middle of disk longitudinally pale striped or wholly fuscous,the lateral lobes provided with a rather broad oblique pale band, com-mencing in front at the middle and directed backward and upwardto the hind edge at the shoulder, lower edge broadly pale; above thisfuscous with a narrow somewhat tortuous raised pale line. Pleuravaried with pale and brown. Hind femora with the outer half ofupper edge entirel}' pale, the inner half toward the base with twofuscous blotches and an infuscated preapical dash of the same color,the outer disk in the middle and the knees both internallj^ and exter-nally marked with fuscous. Tibial testaceous conspersed with fuscous.Sides of abdomen irregularly varied with brown. Length of body,female, 17; of pronotum, 3-8.1; of tegmina, 7; of hind femora, 9.35;antennae, 7.25 mm.Type.?C2it. No. 9731, U.S.N.M.Habitat
.
?The collection made by W. T. Foster at Sapucay, Para-guay, contains two females.PLECTROTETTIX McNeill.This genus contains a number of species, the representatives of whichvary much in color. At least five of the known forms occur in Para-guay.'* These Paraguayan forms may be separated by the followingtable: TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
o. Tegmina less densely reticulate, the post-radial area provided with two rows ofcells and an intercalary vein; anterior and posterior lobes of the pronotum sub-equal in length brasiliensis Bruneraa. Tegmina more densely reticulate; the post-radial area densely and irregularlyreticulate and without an intercalary vein; the posterior lobe of the pronotumlonger than the anterior one.b. Hind tibiae provided with 9-11 spines in outer row; size moderate,
c. Tegmina irregularly marked with rather small dark blotches. Hind tibiaepale, with the apical third bluish consperms Brunercc. Tegmina regularly marked with large maculations. Largely green, or withthe hind tibife and the lower sulcus of hind femora red.
?For a discussion of the generic name see Biol. Cent. Amer., p. 99.
636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEVM. vol. xxx.d. Hind tibia? furnished with onlj' 9 spines in the outer row pictus Brunerdd. Hind tibije provided with 10 or 11 spines iu the outer row.
e. Lower sulcus of hind femora deep bkie, the tibiae testaceous, providedwith 10 spines brunneri ( Giglio-Tos)ee. Lower sulcus of Jiind femora testaceous or red, the tibite red, infuscatedapically, 11-spined in outer row raripes Brunerh}). Hind tibi;e. provided witli 12 spines in outer row; size large.boreUil (Giglio-Tos)PLECTROTETTIX BRASILIENSIS Bruner.
I'lectrott'lt'tx hntKilii'iixis Brunek, Biol. Cent. Ainer., ()rthoi)t., 11, 1904, p. 100.II(ib/t((t.?There are a number of both sexes of this species in theU. S. National Museum collections from Sapuoay, Paraguay. Theywere received from W. T. Foster.PLECTROTETTIX CONSPERSUS Bruner.
Plectrotettix cunsperxitg Bkinkk, Biol. Cent. Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100.
^lahltat.?This insect also comes from Sapuca}', Paraguay', where itwftfi taken l)y Mr. Foster. There are several specimens of both sBxesat hand. Type specimens are in the collections of the U. S. NationalMuseum, No. 9TLS, and of the writer.PLECTROTETTIX PICTUS Bruner.Plate XXXVI, fig. 8.Plectrotettix pictus Bruner, Locusts Argent., 1900, j). .S7, fig. 13; Biol. Cent.Amer., Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100.Hahitat.?This locust is very common in the provinces of Cordobaand Santa Fe, in Argentina. It, without doubt, occurs also in southernParaguay, although not represented in the collections examined normentioned in the writings of Giglio-Tos.PLECTROTETTIX BRUNNERI (Giglio-Tos).
Pseudost(turo)ioli(si hninncri (tUihut-Tifs, Zool. .Tahrl)., VIII, p]). 809-811.Plectrof<tti.f hrinnieri Brvseh, Biol. Cent. Amer. Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100.llahitai.? Paraguay ((Tiglio-Tos) and Brazil (Bruner). Not repre-sented in the collections received from AV. T. Foster.PLECTROTETTIX VARIPES Bruner.
Plectroteltix niripcit Brinkr, Ent. News, XVl, 1905, p. 2]-'-.Hahitat.?This species is represented by a number of individuals ofboth sexes. They come from Sapiic.iy, Paraguay, where they weretak?Mi by W. T. Foster. T\'pe specimens are in the collection of theU. S. National Museum, No. 9832, and in Bruner's collection.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAO UA VAN LOCUSTS?BE UNER. 637PLECTROTETTIX BORELLII (Giglio-Tos).Scyllina borellii Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 14.Plectrotettix horelUi Bruner, Biol. Cent. Arner. Orthopt., II, 1904, p. 100.Habitat.?The only reference to this unusually large species is thatgiven by Giglio-Tos. It conies from Colonia Risso, Paraguay.EUPLECTROTETTIX. Bruner.EUPLECTROTETTIX FERRUGINEUS Bruner.Fjuplectrotettix ferrugineus Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, pp. 39-40.Hahitat.?Asuncion, (Bruner); Sapucay (VV. T. Foster). This insectwas fairly common on the sandy knolls about Asuncion. It also occursin Northern Argentina on both sides of the Rio Parana. An alliedspecies, Eu, consjyersus Bruner, is figured herewith on Plate XXXVI,fig. 4. Siiblaiiiily CEDIPODIN"^.TRIMEROTROPIS Stal.TRIMEROTROPIS PALLIDIPENNIS ( Burmeister),GKfZipoda paZKdipenms BuRMEisTER, Handb. Ent., II, 1838, \). 641.(Edipoda siraminea f]RiCHSON, in Schomb. Faun, et Flor. Brit. (Tuiana, p. 582.Trimerotropis pallidipennis Savssvrv:, Prodr. (Edip., 1884, p. 171.Hahitat.?In sandy and dry localities from central Mexico to middleArgentina. It may be looked for in Paraguay, and if proper locationsare examined it will no doubt be found. No specimens are at hand,nor am I aware of its having been reported as occurring in thatcountry. CCELOPTERNA Stal.CCELOPTERNA ACUMINATA (DeGeer).Acridium acuminatum De Geer, Mem. Ins., Ill, 1773, j). 501, pi. xlii, tig. 10.Cwlopterna acuminata StAl, Recens. Orthopt.,!, 1873, p. 145.Paulinia mucosa Blanchard, in D'Orbigny Voy. I'Amer., Merid., VI, Pt. Ins.,p. 216, pl. XXVII, tig. 6.Hfhifat.?Glglio-Tos gives Asuncion and Colonia Risso, Paraguay,as localities where it occurs. It is also quite generally distributedover the warmer parts of South America. The variety hrevipennisGiglio-Tos is also credited to Paraguay.This insect was made the type of a distinct subfamily by SUll; butBrunner v. Wattenwyl in his Revision du Systeme des Orthopteres,places it along with the CEdipodinte, where I am willing to let itremain at present. The insect is one that lives upon aquatic plantsand often must swim, hence the peculiar development of hind tibiaeand their spurs.
638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.Sii bfainily I'YK&OTvIORPHIlSr.*:;.The present group of locusts, like the precedino- subfamily, is ratherpoorly represented in this moist region, where vegetation is abundantand rank. Four genera may bo contained among the locust fauna ofParaguay. They may be separated as follows:TABLE FOR DETP:RMINATI0N OF GENERA.
a. Body more or less graceful and cylindrical, somewhat rugose. The antennaefiliform. Pronotum feebly carinated.b. Tegmina and wings perfectly developed, extending considerably beyond thetip of the abdomen in both sexes. Carinse of hind femora smooth. Internalangles of mesosternal lobes rounded at apex Ossa Giglio-Toshi). Tegmina and Avings somewhat abbreviated. Carinaj of hind femora toothed.Internal angles of mesosternal lobes not rounded Owmt'-'Yc/to Servilleaa. Body very obese and greatly depressed; coarsely tuberculate, carinated andspined. Antenn;e with the joints somewliat flattened, subensiform. Pro-notal carina always more or less cristate.b. Tegmina and wings present. Pronotum without the lateral toothed, leaf-likeexpansion; its hind border broadly angulate and adorned with five flat,tooth-like projections?the middle one furcate SpathaUum Bolivarbb. Tegmina and wings wanting. Pronotum furnished at lower lateral edges witha toothed, leaf-like expansion; its hind border broadly rounded and adornedwith a series of six distinct, heavy, blunt si)ines (/r.ra PhilippiOSSA Giglio-Tos.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Body covered with long white hair. Tegmina above with an orange spot at l>ase.Eyes globose. Posterior femora moderately heavy bimaculata Giglio-Tosaa. Body subglaljrous. Tegmina above without a basal spot. Eyes ovoid. Pos-terior fefnora somewhat slender viridis Giglio-TosOSSA BIMACULATA Giglio-Tos.Ossa hiuiaculata Gigmo-Tos, Boil. Mus. Zool. Anat., Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 15.Ifahitat.?Several specimens, both sexes, from Sapucay, Paraguay(W. T, Foster). It also occurs in the northern portions of Argentina,eastern Bolivia, and southern Brazil.OSSA VIRIDIS Giglio-Tos.Plate XXXVIII, fig. 5.Ossa viridis Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat., Torino, XII, 1897, No. 802, p. 27.//rtZ>/^^//.^ Northern Argentina and several localities in the BolivianChaco (Giglio-Tos). It is also very common in the Argentine Prov-inces of Cardoba and Santa Fe, where it is found feeding on a certainNycotiana or plant of an allied genus. It most assuredly occurs alsoin Paraguay
LIST F PA RA d UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 630OMMEXECHA Serville.TABLE FOli I)ETf:RMINATI()N OF SPP^CIEK.
<t. Tegmina not reae-liin^ the apex of alxlomen.h. General color green; tegmina shorter. Hind femora externally smooth.vireiis Servillebh. General color dull brown; tegmina longer. Hind femora externally hirsute.serviUel Blanchardan. Tegmina reaching beyond the tip of abdomen. The genicular lobes of hindfemora two-spined; tegmina atniminate macroplernm Blanchardbb. The genicular lobes of hind femora smooth. Tegmina rounde<l at apex.(jermarl BurmeisterOMMEXECHA VIRENS Serville.Ommexedia vireris Sekville, Revue Meth., p. 95; Hist. (_)rthopt., 1839, p. 701.
?
Blanchard, Monog. Ommex., p. 612, pi. xxii, fig. la, female.Habitat.?Not represented in the collections. Given originally ascoming from "Buenos Aires." Supposed to be a freshly moltedspecimen of the next species.OMMEXECHA SERVILLEl Blanchard.Ommexeclia serrlllei I'lanchakd, Monog. Ommex., IH'.Mi, p. 618, pi. xxii, figs. 2,male, 3, female.Habitat.?Asuncion ((Hglio-Tos, l^runer); San Bernardino (Bruner);Sao Paulo, Brazil.This insect whs foinid on sandy ground in the city of Asuncion andalso along the sandy h(>a<'h of a lake at San Bernardino.OMMEXECHA MACROPTERUM Blanchard.()rmnej-edi(t iiwcroptcriim Bi.ANCJiAKJj, Monog. Ommex., 1836, p. 610, pi. xxi,figs. 3, 4.Ommexclia brunneri Bolivak, M(inog. lMrgom(jr., 1884, p. 28.Habitat.?If the synonomy is correct, this insect extends from Peruto Paraguay. Sapucay, Paragua}^, the two sexes (\^'. T. Foster).OMMEXECHA GERMARI Burmeister.OmmexecJia (jcrmdrl Burmeistek, llandb. Knt., 11, p. 655 (1838).
?
Bolivak,Monog. Pirgomor., 1884, p. 28, fig. 1.Habitat.?Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay' (Giglio-Tos). Not inthe collections before me.SPATHALIUM Bolivar.No specimens of this genus arc at hand from Paragua}', but since itoccurs both to the south in Argentina and to th(^ north in Brazil someone or more of the species undoubtedly will be found in the countrynow under consideration. One of the Argentinian species is figui'cdherewith, namely, Spitthalluni hixpidn'in Bruner, Plate XXXVII, lig.8, male, Plate XXXVIII, lig. 11 female.
640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.GR^^A Philippi.This fourth genus of the subfamily is also liable to occur in Para-guayan territor}'. But two species are known to the writer, and bothof them are found on the pampas of Argentina from Bahia Blanca toCatamarca and northward. Gra^a horrlda Philippi is shown onPlate XXXVII at fig. 1.Subfainily ^ORIDIIN'.^E.This is by far the most extensive subfamily of locusts representedin the region covered by the present paper, and contains, with but twoor three exceptions, all of the destructive species. The followingrather long table for the separation of the genera to which theseinsects belong will be of some value to the reader in separating themany forms that occur in any particular region. In genera Avheremore than one species occur there will also be found tables for theseparation of the different species.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF GENERA.
o. Posterior tibife provided with an apical spine above on botli margins.h. Fastigium of the vertex horizontally greatly produced,
c. Tegniina somewhat surpassing the tip of the abdomen, their apex truncate.Superior carina of the hind femora terminating at the apex in a prominenttooth Procolpia Stalcc. Tegiuina considerably surpassing the tip of abdomen, their apex narrowlyrounded. Superior carina of hind femora terminating in a small tooth.Munatia Stald. Crest of the ])ronotum serrate throughout Prionolopha Staldd. Crest of the pronotum not serrate, or sometimes posteriorily crenulate, orsomtimes cut by the transverse sulci.
e. Lateral carinie of the pronotum converging toward the front./. Carinje of the frontal costa i)arallel or gently diverging above the ocellus.g. Tegmina and wings complete, equaling or surpassing the abdomen.Tropinotus Serville(j<l. Tegmina and wings a])breviated Alcamenes Stal//. Carinii' of the frontal costa <liverging above the ocellus.ee. Lateral carina' of the pronotum parallel or diverging toward the front.Elnochlora Stalhb. Fastigium of the vertex sloping or depressed.
c. Wings with that portion just back of the vein whii'h divides the first andsecond parts dilated and provided with numerous parallel transverse veins.(/. Fastigium of the vertex subtriangularly acuminate. Frontal costa com-pressed. Pronotum above rounded; lateral carina obliterated in front oflast transverse sulcus, blunt back of it CJiromacriK Walkerdd. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse. Frontal costii not compressed or sulcate.
e. Median carina of the pronotum not cristate. Head somewhat smooth.Frontal costa above tlie antenn;e obtusely sulcate Zoniopoda Stalee. Median carina of the pronotum ielevated into a crest which is interruptedby the sulci so as to form lobes Tropidacris Scudder
NO. 1481. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS?BRUNER. 641
c<: Wing with that portion just back of the vein which divides the first andsecond parts not dilated nor provided witli transverse parallel veins.Fastigium of .the vertex rounded and fading into the frontal costa.DipontJnis Stalan. Posterior tibiae with the apical spine absent from the upper outer margin./'. Posterior tibiae more or less flattened toward the apex, the margins acute,c. Mesosternal lobes contiguous nearly throughout in a straight line. (Tegniinaacuminate.
)
iJ. Fastigium of the vertex as long or longer than the eyes.('. Fastigium of the vertex with a single deep groove. Interocular space ofthe vertex very narrow Leptysma Stalee. Fastigium of the vertex provided with four narrow shallow grooves.The interocular space wider Leptysmina Giglio-Tosdd. Fastigium of the vertex shorter than the eyes Arnilia Stalcc. Mesosternal lobes more or less distant.d. Pronotum with its hind margin rounded.e. Prosternal tubercle tran.sverse, broad, the ajjcx truncate. (Frontal costacomplete, gently sulcate, the lateral carinie acute. Facial carinsestrongly converging below. Lower edge of sides of pronotum straight.
)
OxyhIej)leUa Giglio-Tosee. Prosternal tubercle conical, somewhat acute./. Body graceful. Front strongly oblique. Head much exserted, conical.Antennae distinctly ensiform. Eyes greatly elongate, viewed fromabove strongly convergent, forming an acute angle. Pronotum dis-tinctly dilated posteriorly, the lower edges of side oblique, straightor nearly so. Elytra dilated toward their apex Inusia Giglio-Tosff. Body heavier. Front less strongly oblique. Head less exserted, notconical. Antennae filiform or weakly subensiform. PJyes not or l)utlittle elongate, viewed from above gently convergent, forming anobtuse angle. Pronotum but little or not at all dilated posteriorly,the lower edge of lateral lobes on the posterior half straight, on theanterior half emarginate. Tegmina narrowed toward the apex.Pronotum' cylindrical. Frontal costa below the ocellus and lateralcarinae of the face subobsolete Stenopola Staldd. Pronotum with its hind margin obtusangulate, the apex not incised.Tegmina greatly surpassing the tip of hind femora.e. Frontal costa between the antennae more prominent, subdilated. Eyesmore convergent and farther removed from the front edge of thepronotum. Tegmina subacuminate Cornops Scudderee. Frontal costa less prominent, and not dilated between the antennae.Ej'es less divergent, and nearer to front edge of the pronotum. Apexof the tegmina distinctly rounded Pamcornops Giglio-Tosbb. Posterior tibite terete, not laminate, the margins rounded,c. Posterior tarsi with the first and second joints subequal in length. Fastigiumof the vertex horizontal or subhorizontal, somewhat jjrominent. The frontstrongly oblique. Tegmina as long or loHger than abdomen. Pronotumsubcylindrical Bucephalacris Giglio-Toscc. Posterior tarsi with the second joint distinctly shorter than the first.d. Fastigium of the vertex triangular or in front truncate, divi<led from thefrontal costa l)y a transverse carina or distinct angle.
e. Upper carina of hind femora smooth, at most provided with puncturesfrom which emanate stiff hairs./. Interval between the mesosternal lobes narrower than the lobes them-selves, distinctly longer than wide.Proc. N. M. vol. XXX?06 41
642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.
f/. Pronotum nmooth, thi' transverse sulci profound and deeply im-pressed, the hind l()])e elevated. Head large and strongly exserted.Adimantus Stalgg. Pronotuni more or less strongly punctate, granulose or rugose, thetransverse sulci less profound, the hind lobe not elevated. Headless exserted./(. Pronotum very strongly rugose, the median carina very strong andlobed between the transverse sulci ZygoHKiron Kehn/(/(. Pronotun^ granulose or punctate, the median carina less strong,not lobed between the sulci.i. Larger. Green or greenish. Metasternal lobes in the female dis-tant. Frontal costa above the antenn.'e narrowed, evenly ampli-ated throughout. Space between the eyes not narrower thanwidest part of frontal costa. Posterior extremity of pronotumobtusangulate, the lower lateral edges nearly straight, distinctlyincrassate Uenax Stalil. Smaller. Testaceous, ferruginous, or fuscous. Metasternal lobesin female contiguous. Frontal costa moderately dilated be-tween theantenn;e, plane, punctate; sulcate below the ocellusand continued to the clypeus. Space between the eyes nearlyor quite as wide as the frontal costa. Posterior extremity ofthe pronotum subrotund, the lower lateral edges in front dis-tinctly sinuate. Tegmina densely reticulate.Paralnuti^ (iiglio-Tos//". Intersi^ace between mesosternal lobes of about equal width with thelobes themselves, quadrate.g. Frontal costa very prominent and strongly dilated between theantennae, plane. Valves of ovipositor slender, long, and straight.OrlhoscapJieiis, new genusgg. Frontal costa not unusually prominent nor dilated between theantennae, punctate, or sulcate. Valves of ovipositor normal.h. Body cylindrical or subcylindrical, the sexes subequal in size;lower branch of male cerci nmch longer than the upjier.
.lotlarr'iK (iiglio-Tos/*/(. Body decidedly compressed, the sexes very unequal in size. Thetwo branches of the male cerci of about the same length.Omnllotetti.r, new genusee. Upper carina of hind femora more or less serrate. Fastigium of the ver-tex horizontally projecting, acuminate./. Pronotum rugose with the hind margin rounded, the median carinavisible throughout. Tegmina and wings somewhat abl)reviated.Vertex between the eyes moderately broad Vilerna Stalff. Pronotum at most coarsely punctate on posterior lobe, the hind marginangulate and with the median carina ol)literated between the trans-verse sulci. Tegmina and wings greatly surpassing the abdomen.g. Vertex between the eyes very narrow. Pronotum with tlie lateralcarinfc acute, straight, parallel. Tegmina with the apex rounded.Hind femora greatly incrassate Xiphioht Giglio-Tosgg. Vertex between the eyes rather wide. Pronotum with the lateralcarina less acute, straight but evenly divergent posteriorly. Apexof tegmina oblicjuely subtruncate. Hind femora only moderatelyincrassate O.viillldht CJiglio-Tosdel. Fastigium of the vertex defiexed or horizontal, gently fading into thefrontal costa.
m>. 1461
.
LIST OF PARAG UA TAX LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 643
e. Mesosternal lobes longer than wide, their internal margin straight.Schistocerca Stal
ee. Mesosternal lobes transverse or of equal width and length, their internalmargin rounded./. Posterior tibife furnished with 8 or sometimes more than 8 spines in theouter row.g. Tegmina equaling the abdomen in length or abbreviate, never lobi-form or rudimentary, always with the inner margins overlapping.h. Head small, not exserted, the hind part narrower than front edgeof pronotum; occiput and vertex on the same plane with thepronotum Atrachelacris Giglio-Toshh. Head distinctly exserted, the posterior part of equal width orvery little narrower than pronotum.i. Pronotum decidedly dilated posteriorly. Cerci of the male slen-der, pointed at apex Dichrophis Stalii. Pronotum subcylindrical, but little broadened posteriorly. Malecerci more or less ampliated at apex.j. Female with the valves of the ovipositor normal, acute. Malecerci fairly broad and obliquely docked at apex.Leioteitiv, new genusjj. Female with the valves of the ovipositor slender, straight, theupper ones much the longer. Male cerci variable, spatulateor slender and curved at apex Scotussa Giglio-Tosgg. Tegmina lobiform, lateral, widely separated, or with their inneredges nearly, but never quite touching.h. Pronotum with the posterior margin rounded or subangulate.i. Head very large, the hind portion wider than the pronotum; thelabrum large. Frontal costa prominently dilated between theantenufe. Prosternal spine minute. Tegmina lateral, the dor-sum of abdomen exposed between them. Subgenital platesubglobose at apex, the cerci, excejjt at base, stiliform, bentupwards -. Parascopas, new namea. Head large, but not broader than the pronotum; the labrumnormal. Frontal costa not at all or but little dilated betweenthe antennte. Prosternal spine elevated, not minute. Teg-mina with their inner edges nearly touching. Subgenitalplate triangularly produced, the cerci variable.j. Male cerci laminately compressed. Chief color of insect greenor greenish Chlorus Giglio-Tosjj. Male cerci long and slender, the apex pointed and decurved.Chief color of insect ferruginous EuroteUix, new genushh. Pronotum with the posterior margin truncate or roundly emar-ginate Paradichrophis Brnnner
./f. Posterior tibise generally with less than 8 spines, usually with 6' to 7,in outer row. Frontal costa i^ercurrent, straight, not at all or butlittle produced between the antennae. Tegmina and wings fullydeveloped OsmUia StalPROCOLPIA MINOR Giglio-Tos.Procolpia minor Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 184, IX, 1894,p. 17; No. 877, XV, 1900, p. 3.While the collections contain no .specimens of this insect, it hasbeen reported from Asuncion.
644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.MUNATIA AUSTRALIS, new species.General color hrowish t'orruoinous, onh' varied by having the pro-notal carina and a median line on occiput to fastigium testaceous. Inthe male this line is also continued on the dorsal edge of tegmina forhalf their length. Much smaller than J/, jmnetata Stal, from whichit dili'ers markedly otherwise ])\ having the pronotal carina blunt andsmooth instead of thin and irregularl}' serrate.Head rather small, the vertex horizontal, acuminate, extending infront of the eyes about twice as far (female) or a tritle more (male) astlieir distance apart, broadly and shallowly sulcate; frontal costaprominent above, widening gently to just ])elow the ocellus, where thecariiue unite for a short distance and again gently separate and con-tinue to the clypeus, just before reaching which they diverge moreabi-uptly, sulcate from l)etween the antennte; lateral carinre of faceinterrupted, the face provided with several prominent longitudinalruga> and elevated points; cheeks also more or less coarsel}^ rugose.Pronotum widening posteriorly, verj' coarsel}' and sparsely rugoseabov(>, less so on sides, the last transverse sulcus quite profound, situatedabout the middle; median carina smooth, ])lunt, not greatly elevated;hind margin acute, front margin angulate, with the apex deeplynotched. Tegmina and wings considerably surpassing the tip of abdo-men; the wings yellowish (female) or ])lue (male) basally, more or lessfuliginous beyond. Hind femora only nioderatel}' robust, (juite roughand provided with 5 or <i sjiort spines on outer edge of lower side, aslong as the abdomen; tlu> imier spines of tibiaj rather heavy.Length of bod}', male, 27, female, 40; of antenna^, male, 14, female,!); of pronotum, male, 7.25, female, 10.5; of tegmina, male, 2(),female, 35; of hind femora, male, 14, female, 20 mm.%>.%?Cat. No. 9722, U.S.N.M.JIabltat.?Sapucay, a number of ])oth sexes, W. T. Foster, collector.PRIONOLOPHA SERRATA (Linnaeus).Gryllus {Bulla) serratus Linn.ecs, Syst. Nat., 10th e<l., 1758, p. 427.Amdium Kerratiim De Gekr, INIein. Ins., Ill, 1773, p. 493, pi. xli, lig. 6.I'amphagns Kerralus Thunbekc, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 260.XipJioccra serrata Burmeister, Ilaiulb. Ent., II, 1838, p. 614.Tropinotus scrnttus SERyiiA.E, Hist. Inn., Orthopt., 1839, p. 618.Acri/diiun scrrato-fuscuiiitm ])e Geer, Mom. Ins., Ill, 1773, p. 495, ])1. xlii, fijr. 2.Pamphagus lateraUs Thvuhero, Mi'ni. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 260.Prionolopha serrata Stal, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 44.Several six'cimens of both sexes are at hand. They come from SanPedro, San Bernardino, Sapuca}', and Asuncion. Also reported byGiglio-Tos.A second species of the genus, P. hrer/petni!^, is descril)ed by Giglio-Tos? as coming from the Matto Gros.so Plateau in Brazil. It mayalso reach northern Paragua3\
a Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, No. 377, XVJ 1900, p. 4.
NO. i4r,i. jjST OF PAIIACUAYAN LOCUSTS? BRILYJ^JR. 645TROPINOTUS Serville.Since Paraguay seems to be the center of a])undance of the speciesbelonging- to the genus TroptnotuH it might ))o well to append a briefsynoptic table lor separating all the known forms, together with thosehere described.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPEOIES.
((. Crest of the pronotum more or less crenulate or even serrnlati^ jjosleriorly. Genic-ular angles of hind femora acute, a little lengthened.h. Tegmina and body cinereous, testaceous, or ferruginous, usually more or lessmottled with brown.c. The markings of tegmina large, forming more or less well-defined bands.(}. Hind tibite 12-spined. The wings with the anterior field as well as diskcolored bright rose rosulmtus Stal(/(/. Hind tibite 9-10 spined. The anterior field of wing more or less infuscated.
e. Hind femora very long, reaching considerably beyond the tip of abdomenin both sexes. Crest of pronotum deeply cleft by all three sulci, thelobes distinctly separated discoideus Servilleee. Hind femora shorter, only reaching the tip of abdomen (female) or butlittle surpassing it (male). Crest of pronotum less deeply cleft, thelobes closely approximate./. Larger; general color cinereous or testaceous, the maculation of tegmina,composed of several transverse bars and distrilmted over most of wing.g. Wings long, narrow. Carina of pronotum less arched, confined toBrazil and southward unyulatus Stalgg. Wings broad, shorter. Carina of pronotu.u high and stronglyarched. Yucatan and Honduras mexicanus, new species.
?
ff. Smaller; general color ferrugineo-testaceous, the tegmina with but asingle triangular basal maculation lichidzi Brunercc. Markings of tegmina small, irregularly scattered over the wing save for arow in basal half of discal area.d. Pronotum short, the crest low, and but little produced posteriorly. Hindtibiai with 9 spines in outer row . . .' modestus Giglio-Tosdd. Pronotum longer, considerably produced posteriorly. Hind tibia? with10 spines in outer row conspersus Bruner111). Tegmina and body uniformly colored, without maculation or conspersing.
c. Tegmina, as well as entire body and legs, green insignis Giglio-Tosa: Tegmina, body and legs uniformly dull brown save a paler dorsal stripe onthe former - affinift, new species((?. Crest of pronotum smooth posteriorly. Genicular angles of hind femora shorterand more rounded.b. Hind tibite provided with fewer (10) spines in outer row. General color, darkcinereous regularis Brunerh}>. Hind tibite provided with more (11-19) spines in outer row. Color variable.c. Color largely green; the discal area of tegmina with or without dark spots.d. Posterior femora punctate, and with all the carinse nigro-serrate. Hindtibiae armed with 11 or 12 spines on outer side (San Leopold, CentralBrazil) scabripes Stal
"These two species are before me as I write, hence are included herewith. TheMexican species will be described in the Biologia Centrali Americana when theproper place is reached. The other is sufiiciently distinct to be recognized by thediagnosis given here. This last may also occur in Paraguay.
646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.dd. Posterior femora nearly smooth, only partially nigro-punctate on thecarinte. Hind tihi;e armed with 13 to 16 spines on outer row.
e. Larger and more robust (86 male, 51 female, mm.); the disk of tegminaprovided witli a row of prominent dark subquadrate spots. Hindfemora rather roljust l)asally. The tibiie 13 or 14 spined . . .lievipes Stalee. Smaller and slenderer (30 male, 40 female, mm.). Disk of tegminaimmaculate or only showing traces of the discal spots. Sometimeswith the body and tegmina more or less infuscated. Hind femoraslender. The tibia' 15 to 16 spined. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.)(jracUla Bruner"cc. Color ochreous or ferrugineo-testaceous.d. Hind tibije with 11-12 spines in outer row. Crest of pronotum arcuate.Tegmina with a pale costal line lineaius, new speciesdd. Hind tibiae with 18-19 spines in outer row. Crest of pronotum straight.
? Tegmina without a costal line la uferi BolivarTROPINOTUS DISCOIDEUS Serville.Tropinotus discoideus Serville, Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 619.Tropidoriotus discoideus StAl, Obs. Orthopt., HI, 1878, p. 19.Hdhitat.?This insect is represented by 9 male and 12 female speci-mens collected hy W. T. Foster at Sapuca}' (coll. U. S. Nat. Miis.);1)}' others fi'om Asuncion (coll. L. Bruner), and is reported from vari-ous Paraj^uayan localities (Giglio-Tos).TROPINOTUS ANGULATUS Stal.Tropiriotns niiguhttns SrAh, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 44.TrupidoiKitHs (UKjnlatus StAl, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 1878, p. 19.llahltat.?Specimens of this species are at hand from Asuncion (L.Bruner. collector); it is also credited to Faraguaj^ by Giglio-Tos.TROPINOTUS MODESTUS Giglio-Tos.Tro;?dono<MS OTodesto."? UiuLio-Tos, Boll. ]\Ius. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No.184, p. 16.Ilahltat.?This species, while not recorded directl\' from Paraguay,was taken in the adjoining parts of the Argentine Chaco. It undoubt-edly occurs likewise in Paraguayan territory.TROPINOTUS INSIGNIS Giglio-Tos.Tropidonotits /?.s(V//(/.s- (iioi.io-Tos, lioll. ^lus. Zool. .Vnat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 16.Ilah/tat.?^While this insect was first described from northwesternArgentina it has since been reported from Cordoba and Santa Fe, andfrom the Bolivian Chaco. It is very likely found in Paraguay as well.TROPINOTUS AFFINIS, new species.Apparently quite closely I'elated to 7'. seahrlpes Stal, but differingfrom it in a number of points suflicienth' to warrant me in describing itas new. As compared with that species, affinls is a little larger and
" See footnote on iireceding page.
NO. 14G1. LIST OF PARAG UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 647perhaps a trifle more robust. Its hind femora are rather profuselyand evenly granulated with black, and have all the carinas decidedlynigro-serrate as in scahripes. The median carina of the pronotum ismoderately elevated, evenly and gently arcuate, the transverse sulciquite profound but with the difterent sections more closely approxi-mate than in discoideus, the hind lobe somewhat the longer and acuteangled behind; lateral carina? prominent and bowed outward in middle.Tegmina long, slender, tapering; very closely veined on basal half, lessso on apical, without markings. Posternal spine rather large and long,directed posteriorly but not reaching the front edge of the mesoster-num, not sulcate in front as in scahrljyes.General color above brownish ferruginous, a little paler below; thedorsal held of tegmina testaceous; occiput and fastigium of vertex alsowith a narrow line on each side of same color. Hind wings long andnarrow, the disk orange red; hind margin and obliquel}" inwardlydirected band, along with basal half of anterior field dark fuscous, theapical portion faintly clouded, the scalariform space transparent,vitreous. Hind tibia" brownish with a faint lavender tint, the tarsifuscous. Antennae pale on basal half, infuscated apicall}".Length of body, female, 45, of prononotum, 15, of tegmina, oT, ofhind femora, 24, of antennae, 16 mm.Type.?C^t. No. 9732 U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female collected by W. T.Foster in February.While the writer is unacquainted with T. scdbripes Stal, to whichthis insect seems to be quite closely related, it seems to be distinct.TROPINOTUS REGULARIS Bruner.Tropinotus regularis Bruner, Ent. News, XVI, 1905, p. 214-215.The present collection contains 9 males and 8 females of this insect.Since the female was not described when the species was named, andbecause of the material now at hand showing some variation, the addi-tional description is here presented.Besides being much larger and more robust than the opposite sex,some specimens of' both the male and the female insects exhibit a fewof the color variations of T. Ixvlpes Stal, but difler from it by themuch shorter and more robust hind femora and in being either alto-gether or largel}' brown and black. The female, like the male, has thediscal field of the tegmina regularly maculate with black quadrate spotswell toward the apex. In some specimens the dorsum of pronotum islargel}^ and the tegmina above the discal row of maculations entirelygreen, in others the lower apical half and a narrow subcostal stripe onthe basal half is cinereous.. Hind femora prominentl}^ provided withdusky bands externally and above, the lower sulcus and inner facetestaceous; the hind tibiie testaceous more or less regularh^ conspersedwith fuscous.
648 PROCEEDINGS OF TIfE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.Length of body, male, 28, female, 43; of pronotum, male, 9, female,14: of tegmiria, male, 24, female, 81; of hind femora, male, 16.5, female,24; of antennfp, male, 10, female, 14 mm.Ti/jM.?Cat. No. 9720, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapuca}^, Paraguay, November to March, 9 males and Sfemales collected by W. T. Foster (coll. U. S. Nat. Mas.). It is alsorepresented by a single male each in the collection of the PhiladelphiaAcademy of Sciences and in the private one of the writer.TROPINOTUS SCABRIPES Stal.Tropidonotiis scahripes Stal, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 1878, p. 19.Tropinotus scabripes Briner, Ent. News, XVI, 1905, p. 215.Habitat.?Recorded from central Brazil in company with the fol-lowing species. It is very evidentl}- also to l)e found in iiorthernParaguay, since the species of this genus seem to be I'ather widel}" dis-tributed if suitable environment is to be had.TROPINOTUS L^VIPES Stal.Plate XXXVII, fig. 7.Tropidonotus lu'vipes SrAh, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 1878, p. 20.Tropinotus Ixvipes Bruner, Ent. News, XVI, 1905, p. 215.Habitat.?Four males and four females, Sapucav, Paraguay, col-lected by W. T. Foster.This is by far the commonest species in Argentina and is found asfar south as Buenos Aires.TROPINOTUS GRACILIS Bruner.Tropinotus (jmcilis 'Brvher, Ent. News, XVI, 1905, p. 215.This, the most slender of the known forms, will pro])iibly be foundin eastern Paraguay, as well as about Sao Paulo. Brazil, the localityfrom which the t3'pe specimens were o])tain<Hl.TROPINOTUS LINEATUS, new species.A medium sized, rather robust insect, the general color of which isdark ferruginous to brown. Pronotal crest smooth; the genicularlobes of the hind femora not greatly elongate nor acute. Disk of thetegmina very obscurely maculate with large brown patches distrib-uted similarly to those in discoideus., and provided with a narrow sub-costal testaceous line that reaches from the base to a little beyond themiddle.Head of medium size, nearly as wide above as below; the occiput pro-vided with a well-defined longitudinal median carina which extends tothe fastigium of the vertex; vertex nearly (male) or quite (female) asbroad as the longest diameter of one of the eyes, fastigium a little lesstlmii a right angle, the walls pi'oniiiioiit: frontal costa only moderatel}'
LIST OF PARAG UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. ()49prominent, narrowed above, gently sulcate and more (female) or less(male) strongl}' punctate; face quite strongly punctate, cheeks some-what rugose; antenniv with the joints of ))asal half somewhat depressed.Pronotum strongly crested, the median carina smooth, plainly cut l)yall three of the transverse sulci; lateral carina also cut b}^ the sulci,in some specimens fainth' crenulate; disk granulose, and on the hindlobe provided on each side with four or live tine ridges parallel to lat-eral margins; lateral lobes profusely punctate; hind and front marginsboth acute, the hind lobe nearly twice as long as the front one. Teg-mina profusely veined on basal, less so on apical half, extending beyondthe tip of hind femora and abdomen in the two sexes; hind femoramoderately robust, the superior carina plainl}^ serrate, genicular lobessubacute, not greatlv elongated. Last ventral segment of male abdo-men cuneate, the middle strongl}^ carinate.General color dark ferruginous to brown, in some individuals largeh"green on occiput, disk of pronotum and the anterior and posteriorfields of the tegmina; disk of latter more or less strongly marked withlarge brown or fuscous patches as in dtscoideuK. Principal longitudi-nal veins basal half of tegmina black conspersed with yellow or testa-ceous. The characteristic color feature of the tegmina is, however,the narrow pale stripe between the median and subcostal veins, andwhich has suggested the specific name. Hind femora granulose, thecarina more or less strongly conspersed with black on the serrations.Hind tibia3 with the spines black tipped.Length of body, male, 32, female, 40-42; of pronotum, male, 13,female, 15.5-17; of tegmina, male, 26, female, 34; of hind femora,male, 18, female, 23-24 mm.Ti/j)e.?Csit No. 9733 U.S.N.M.Huhitat.?Several specimens of both sexes at Sapucay, Paraguay,by W. T. Foster. ALCAMENES Stal.
? TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Pronotum with the median carina tectiformly elevated. Tlie iio^terior lobe muchlonger than the anterior one.h. Anterior and middle sulci of the pronotum ob.solete above. Tegmina twicemaculate. Hind tibite 12-13 spined in outer row granulatufi Stalbb. Anterior and middle sulci of the jjronotum strongly impressed, cutting thecrest. Tegmina immaculate. Hind tibiae 10-11 spined in outer row.cristatus, new speciesaa. Pronotum with the median carina only moderately elevated. The posteriorlobe shorter than the anterior one.b. Body slender. The posterior sulcus of the pronotum a little more prominentthan the others. Posterior margin obtuse. The hind femora slender.brevicollis Stalbb. Body heavy. The posterior sulcus of the pronotum strongly inqiressed. Pos-terior margin a right angle. The hind femora tumid at the base.clarazianus IMctet and Saussare
650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.ALCAMENES CRISTATUS, new species.Rather above the medium, moderately robust (female), or .somewhatslender (male), the two sexes very unequal in size. Uniformly grass-green, or sometimes bruneo-testaceous above, in the former specimensprovided with a brownish purple line along the late^ral carime and hindmargin of dorsum of pronotum. The dorsal field of the tegmina alsomore or less tinged with this color. All the tibia' and antennte moreor less strongly infuscated. Venter pale yellowish.Body greatly compressed, much higher than broad. Head about aswide as the front edge of the pronotum, eyes small, elongate, in themale not quite, in the female a tritie more than, one-half as long as thecheeks below them, rather widely separated above; occiput somewhatinflated and provided with a series of line transverse ridges or ruga?;fastigium of the vertex nearly horizontal, broadly triangular, with atine longitudinal median carina that continues posteriori}^ to the occi-put; frontal costa moderately prominent between the antennte, (}uitenarrow above but evenl}' broadening below, punctate nearh' through-out and ver}' gently sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus. Antenna^of moderate length, somewhat incrassate, the basal joints depressedbut not sufficientl}^ so to give to these members even a subensiformappearance, inserted between the upper portion of the eyes. Prono-tum tectiform, broadly and evenly arched, rugose at sides, coarselygranulose above, the anterior lobe shorter than the posterior; thetransverse sulci continuous, severing both the lateral and median carina?,anterior and posterior edges acuteK' produced on occiput and over thebase of tegmina; lateral carinie finely crenulate, the median smooth,and the lower lateral edges provided with a series of smooth paletubercles. Tegmina coriaceous, very profusely and minutely veined,somewhat abbreviated, elongate ti'iangular, their apices reaching two-thirds (female) or nearly four-fifths to the tip of the abdomen, withoutmaculation. Wings not as long as tegmina. Hind femora slender, inthe males a little surpassing, in thefemales not quite reaching, the tipof the a))domen. Prosternal spine coarse, robust, long, curved to therear and tapering on apical half, the tip reaching over the base ofme.sosternum.Length of body, male, 30; female, 58; of antonna% male and female,13.5; of pronotum, male, 19; female, 23; of tegndna, male, IT; female,23; of hind femora, male, 20; female, 25 mm.Ti/pe.-Cfit No. 9723, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, 9 males, 9 females, and 1 nymph.W. T. Foster, collector.At first glance this insect, on account of its long and strongly crestedpronotum, reminds one of a short-winged and (\\m\nni\yQ, Prio)wIoj>/iaaarata which occurs in the same region. The genera Alcamenes and
NO. 1461. LIST OF FARAOUAYAN LOCUSTS?BRUNER. 651Prionolopha seem to be quite closely related?much more so thanTropinotus and Prionolopha arc.Possil)ly one or two of the other species of the geuus nia}^ reachParag-ua}' as well. ELyEOCHLORA Stal.ELiEOCHLORA TRILINEATA (Serville).
A'(jo/(jVera ^n'Zmm^a Serville, Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 614.El.icochlora trillneata Staij, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 46.Ilahitat.?Originally described from Brazil. Reported as comingfrom Paraguay by Giglio-Tos.I do not know this species.EL^EOCHLORA VIRIDICATA (Serville).Plate XXXVI, fig. 9, female. Plate XXXVIII, tig. 7, male.Xiphicera viridicata Serville, Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 614.ElcVOcJdora viridicata Stal, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 46.Ilahitat.?Brazil, Paraguay, U ruguay , and Argentina. Representedin the collections from Sapucay, which w^ere taken by W. T. Foster.This insect was found in Argentina attacking a species of Solana-ceous plant of which it seemed very fond.Other species of the genus occur throughout tropical America andsome of which are sure to bo found in Paraguay.CHROMACRIS Walker.CHROMACRIS MILES (Drury).Gri^Uus miles DuvRY, Exot. Ins., II, 1773, pi. xlii, fig. 2.Rhomalea speciosa TnvsBERG, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 104, pi. xiv,fig. 1.Acridhmi speciosutn SERVihhE, Hist. Orthopt., 1839, p. 673.Rhomalea mUes var B. Pictet and Saussure, Cat. Acrid., 1887, p. 20.Chromacris spedosaWAhKER, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., IV, 1870, p. 644.Ralitat.Sapucay, Paraguay, several specimens collected by W. T.Foster. Also recorded )>y Pictet and Saussure (in their Catalogue d'Acridiens, p. '2<)), as coming from this country.CHROMACRIS STOLLI (Pictet and Saussure).Plate XXXVIII, fig. 2.Gri/Uus miles Stoll, Sauter., 1787, pi. xvih, fig. 60.Rhomalea stolli Pictet and Saussure, Cat. Acridiens, 1887, p. 21.ChromacHs stolli Rehn, Ent. News, XVI, 1905, p. 38.HaUtat.?^o specimens are at hand from Paraguayan territory, butit is recorded as coming from there by Rehn. It is also a commoninsect in northern Argentina and some parts of Brazil.
652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE XATIOXAL .}fVSEr\)r.Chroman^is nuptlalis (Cxerstaecker) should also occur within tlieborders of Paraguay as it is foinid in adjoining poitious of Argentina,Rolivia. and Brazil. ZONIOPODA Stal.TABLK FOR DKTKRMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. lioily and tcgiiiina mostly iirev'u or ?rreenish. Wings generally Civrulean.h. Pronotnni nniailorous, in no wise striped or banded with yellow or testaceous.
c. Larger (male, 40, female, 5'imm.). Hind femora provided with a transversepreapieal black band on each side 4. jitncontni Berg<r. Smaller (male, 30, female, oOmni.). Iliutl femora entirely green3. iheringi Pictet and Sanssnrebb. Pronotnni more or less longitudinally strijied with yellow or testaceous,
c. All the legs fasciate with red, yellow, and black. Head largely red1. t(irmta Servillecc. T^^gs not fasciate with varied colors. Head without the red2. s/m/fe, new species(/((. Body, as well as legs, varied with fnscqns or black; the tegmina variable.b. Tegmina dark olive to black, the longitudinal veins yellow or testaceous.Wings cieruleau.c. Pronotum longitudinally lilack and yellow striped.d. Head largely blood-red 8. omnicolor Blancharddd. Head m )t vai'ied with red 7. ciuaryuKita Stalcc. Pronotum not longitudinally striped with black and yellow.d. Pronotum glossy black bordered broadly behind and narrowly in front withpale testaceous or dirty white. Body and liml)s largely black6. e.cilipes, new species(/(/. Pronotum chictiy yellow or testaceous, with a median and a subfrontall?lack band. Body and limbs largely i?ale. Knees, coxie and head red5. JisKicauda, new speciesbb. Tegmina blackish-fuscous tessellate with yellow. Wings red.. 9. jiicta BolivarZONIOPODA TARSATA (Serville).Plate XXXVII, tig. 2.AcriJiniu tar.^atiDn Sekville, An. Sc. >>at., XX, ISol, p. 283.Zoniopoda tcu'sata StAl, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 51.Acridhun criientatum Bl.\nch.\rd, in D'Orbigny, Voy. I'Amer. Merid., VT,1837-1843, Pt. 2, Ins., p. (216), pi. xxvii, tig. Ti.Jlabltat.?Several specimens of both sexes, taken by ^^ . T. Foster,at Sa])ucay. are l)efore me. It is also reported by (Jiolio-Tos as com-ing from Paraguay. It is exceedingly conunon in Argentina, Brazil,Bolivia, and Uraguay as well, Avliere it is the most prevalent speciesof the genus.This in.sect frequents low, wet places, and is most freipiently metwith on aquatic plants.ZONIOPODA SIMILIS, new species.A slender green species, with rough pronotum and low, pale mediancarinti that recalls Z. tarsata^ minus the banded legs and 1)right redmarkino's of head.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUA YAN LOCUSTS?BRUNEIL 653Head moderately large, .slightly wider than the front edge of the pro-notum; the eyes raoderately prominent and separated by a spa(;e aboutequal to their longest diameter; fastigium short, broadly triangular,and separated from the vertex b\' a deep transverse furrow; frontalcosta with its sides nearly parallel, deeply sulcate, and continuous toclypeus; face coarsely punctate. Pronotum slender, subcylindrical, as})road in front as behind, a little contracted in the middle, both later-ally and from above, giving the insect a strangulated appearance; thetwo lobes about ecpial in length, the transverse sulci rather distinctbut not profound; posterior edge obtusangulate, the front edge a littlerounded. Tegmina a trifle narrower than in tarmta^ as long (female)or a little surpassing the tip of abdomen (male). Hind femora slen-der, not reaching the apex of the abdomen in either .sex. Last ventralsegment of male abdomen moderately long and pointed, the apexdeeply fissate, and in this respect approaching^/rW?:'?y</Z(^/.General color, pale olive-green, with .some tinge of yellowish on sidesand disk of pronotum, and in the male also rose tinted about the coxaeand face; wings pale blue. Legs nonfasciate, the hind tibije palegreenish yellow, their apices and the tarsi carmine. Antennas uni-colorous, black or blackish, except ba.sal joint, which is tinged with red.Length, male, 31, female, 4.5; of pi-onotum, male, 6, female, 8; oftegmina, male, 26, female, 35; of hind femora, male, 15.5, female, 21.Tyy^^.?Cat. No. 9734, U.8.N.M.Hahitat.?Sapuca}^, Paraguay, January to March, W. T. P\)ster, 2males, 2 females.ZONIOPODA IHERINGI Pictet and Saussure.Zonhpoda iheringi Pictet and SAUssuRfE, Cat. Acridien.s, 1887, p. 27.Hahitat.?The coUection.s before me contain a numVjer of specimensof both sexes of this Brazilian insect that were collected at Sapucay.It is also reported by liehn as coming from Paraguay.The writer is in po.S!3ession of a male specimen of this or a closelyallied species which has the radial portion of its wings bright rosecolor instead of cerulean.ZONIOPODA JUNCORUM Berg.Zfjniopoda juncoruni Berg, in Pictet and SauHsure, Cat. Acridienp, 1887, p. 26.Hahitat.?While the collections before me do not contain specimensof this beautiful acridian it is reported as coming from a number oflocalities in Argentina and Bolivia adjoining. Giglio-Tos records itfrom Paraguay.ZONIOPODA FISSICAUDA, new species.About the size and form of Z. tarsata^ Serville, but differing fromit in having the pronotum shorter and much smoother and the mediancarina stronger than there. Instead of longitudinal pale .stripes the
654 riiOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. xxx.pronotum is provided with two conspicuous black collar-like bands,one median and the other just back of the anterior edge. The abdo-men is alternately yellow and black-banded, the pleura obliqueU^ yel-low and l)lack alternately and the venter yellow\ The teg-mina havethe longitudinal veins yellow and the interspaces transparent bluishlead color, which when folded over the cterulean wings gives to themthe appearance of being alternatel}^ dark and pale streaked. The head,front, and middle femora, coxa3, and knees of hind legs red, hindfemora and tibiae j^ellow, the former thrice banded with black, thelatter basally and at the apex also black, tarsi and apex of remainingtibia) likewise black. There are also black bands on both the middleand anterior femora.The characteristic feature of this species, however, is the ver}^ longlast ventral segment of the male abdomen, which is fissured to itsbase, giving to this region the appearance of being provided withexceedingly long cerci which cross at their apices scissor-like.Length of bod}', male, 35; female, 45; of pronotum, male, 6.4;female, 8.5; of tegmina, male, 33; female, 40; of hind femora, male,18; female, 22 mm.Type.? C'dt. No. 9735 U.8.N.M.Ilahltat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, January, W. T. Foster. One maleand 1 female. ZONIOPODA EXILIPES, new species.Very similar in general appearance to Z. omnicolor Blanchard, butdiffering from that species in the absence of reddish tints about thehead and the longitudinal bands on the pronotum. It also differsfrom that insect by lacking the bands on the anterior and middle legs.Head a trifle inflated, smooth; the vertex rather broad, one and one-half (male), or nearly twice as wide (female) as the shortest diameterof the eyes, separated from the occii)ut by a well-defined transverseimpression; frontal costa rather broad, continuous to cl3'peus, the sidespinched below the ocelus, flat and coarsely punctate above, sulcate atocellus and for one-half the distance below; antennie black, nearl}' orquite as long as the hind femora. Pronotum with the anterior lobesmooth, tripartite, subtectate on the dorsum, the transverse sulcibroad and deep; posterior lobe flat above, closel3Muid finel}' granulate,the median carina blunt, hind margin obtuse-angled, front margin entiresubangled. Tegmina complete in the male and slightly surpassingthe tip of the alxlomen; in the female somewhat abbreviated, a littlemore than half the length of the abdomen. Hind femora ver^'^ slender,not reaching the tip of a])domcn even in the male: middle and anteriorfemora also slenderer than usual in the genus.General color glossy black, varied on the margins of the face, theanterior and posterior edges of jn-onotum, the hind edges of meso- andmetathorax and abdominal segments, as well as on the front and hind
NO. ufii. LIST OF J'AHA U UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNEJL 655
coxffi and the long-itudinal veins of the tegniina with testaceous. Occi-put and hind portion of j^enffi dirty yellow. Hind femora with base,apex, and two bands yellowish testaceous; libiiu black, in nowisebanded. A\'ings dusk} , bluish tinted basally.Length of body, male 37, female 49; of antenna', male IT, female15; of pronotum, male 7, female 9.5; of tegmina, male 30, female 21;of hind femora, male 17, female 19 mm.Ti/pe.?Cat. No. 9719, U.S.N.M.Ilahitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 males and 1 female.This insect's relationship to its allies may be seen by a reference tothe accompanying synoptic table. Whether or not emarginata Staland omnlcolor Blanchard are distinct, I am unal^le to say.ZONIOPODA EMARGINATA Stal.Zoniopoda emarginata Stal, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 52.Habitat.?Stal gives Brazil as the habitat, while Pictet and Saussuresimply say "Amerique meridionale."Whether or not this species is distinct from oriinlcoloi' Blanchard, 1am unable to say. If it is, it ma}- also be looked for in Paraguay.ZONIOPODA OMNICOLOR (Blanchard).Plate XXXVII, fig. ?>.Acridwin ommcolor Blanchard, in D'Orbign}^ VoJ^ I'Amer. Merid., VI, 1837-4.3,Pt. 2, Ins., p. 216, pi. XXVII, lig. 3.Zoniopoda omnicolor Bruner, Locusts of Argent., 1900, p. HI, fig. 27.Ilahitat.?Several specimens are at hand from Sapucay, Paraguay.They were taken by W. T. Foster. It is also reported by Giglio-Tosand Rehn as a Paraguayan insect.This species occurs rather commonly at Cordo])a, in Argentina,where it is found in colonies upon special food plants, after the mannerof Chrornacrh stolli. ZONIOPODA PICTA Bolivar.Zoniopoda pida Bolivar, Viaje Pacif., Orthopt., 188-1, p. 37.Ilahitat.?If the writer has rightfully determined this insect, it mayalso be found in Paraguay. It is not reported from tliat country bythe authors already referred to in connection with the preceding-species. TROPIDACRIS Scudder.TROPIDACRIS DUX (Drury)?GryJhis dax Drn'RV, Illustr. Nat. Hist., II, 1837, new e<l., jil. xliv.Ilahitat.?Giglio-Tos refers to this insect as being found at Asun-cion, Paraguay. It is not represented in any of the collections athand.
(')5() rnocEEDiNds of the national museum.For a discussion of the synonomy the reader is referred to Scudder'spaper on "A study of the giant lobe-crested grasshoppers of Southand Central America."Another species of the genus, T. cridat<i^ is common along thenorthwestern borders of Argentina and northward. It is barely pos-sil)le that it also reaches the mountainous portions of Paraguay.DIPONTHUS Stal.
"
. TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
/. Tiiberrle of the j)rosternum acuniinate, retro-arcuate./'. (ieneral color green or olive; tegiiiina immaculate, the margins pale.c. (trass-green; the tegmina grass-green; wings greenish hyaline. Posteriorfemora on outer face not transversely banded; the tibi;c green, not dottedwith black electns Servillecc. Olive-green; tegmina dilute fuscous; wings subhyallne, rose-color basally, thenervures brown. Posterior femora on the outer face with two bands andthe condyle black or blackish; hind tibife with base, apex, and spines
1 )lack diKpar Gerstaeckerbb. General color ochraceous or fuscous; tegmina maculate.
c. Wings blue, the apex bordered with brown; hind til)ia' black and yellowannulate, not black-dotted .festivus Gerstaeckercr. Wings rose color, tesselate with lilack; hind tibia* yellow, dotted with black,apex and base duskj^ darazianus Pictet and Saussureart. Tu1)er('le of the prosternum straight, not retroarcuate.b. Pronotum with the pale lines percurrent, three dorsal, straight; two lateral,suboblique. P)ody and legs yellow, black, and red; tegmina black tesselatewith yellow j)itrlclni.^ Pictet and Saussurehh. Pronotum with the pale lines not jiercurrent, except the dorsal one alone insome instances.c. Larger (male, 40, female, 51 nnn.). Testaceous ccmspersed with black.nif/rn-conspersus Stalcc. Smaller (male, 24-29, female 30-40 mm.). Color variable.(1. Body and legs not black s]H)tted.
c. Tegmina for the most part olivaceous or greenish, but slightly maculatewith dusky pcnimtus Servillece. Tegmina decidedly obscure maculate./. Anterior and middle legs not largely black; general color dull testaceous,inclining to brown paragnai/ensi.'<, new speciesff. Anterior and middle legs largely black.f/. Pronotum largely black, the bands bright yellow, head and kneesornamented with red xchulzi Bruner
f-/;/. Pronotum when black only so on the anterior lobe, the bands testa-ceous. Head and knees withoutred. .argtmtixits Pictetand Saussuredd. Body and legs conspicuously conspersed with black.('. Body and legs strongly tinged with rufous or red. Antemiie unicolorous,black pycDosI ictus Pictet and Saussureee. Body and legs along with tegmina greenish or olivaceous. Antenna'annulate with pale communis Bruner
NO. 14G1. LIST OF PARA G IJA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 657DIPONTHUS PARAGUAYENSIS, new species.About the size and form of I), schuh! Brunei', but differing fromthat .s})ecies in having the veins of tegmina, the legs and pronotum,together with body testaceous. The darker portions of head, prono-tum, and legs in this form are dark olive instead of deep black, as inthe species to which it has been compared. The present species alsolacks the red markings of the head and knees of that insect.Head rather small, the fastigium depressed, the vertex between theeyes a little wider than the broadest part of the frontal costa, the latterof nearly equal width throughout (female) or with the sides decidedlyconvergent below (male), flat abov^e, sulcate at and below the ocellus.Pronotum short, rather coarsely and profusely punctate above and onsides of hind lobe, the latter a very little longer than the anterior one;hind margin very broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings reachingbeyond the abdomen in both sexes. Hind femora as long as theabdomen.The median line of head and pronotum above fades posteriorly,while the oblique lines on the sides of latter are bordered below by aslight infuscation. The cells of the tegmina are fuliginous, with theveins and cross-veins and the edgings of the membrane to a consider-able extent testaceous. This gives to these members the appearanceof being testaceous and rather evenl}^ conspersed with dull black. Thewings deep rose, the apices pale, with dusky veins. Hind femoracrossed above by two dark bands; the outer and inner faces have inaddition a basal blotch and the upper half of the genpe dark?the latterblack; hind tibiae olivaceous or testaceous, the apex and hind tarsi infus-cated. Antenna? dark colored annulate with paler.Length of body, male 25, female 32; of pronotum, male 4.4, female5.5; of tegmina, male 22, female 28; of hind femora, male 12.5, female16 mm.Ti/jje.?C&t No. 9724, U.S.N.M.JlahiUd.?Two specimens, male and female, from Sapucay, Para-guay (coll. L. Bruner); Sapucay, Paraguay, several specimens of bothsexes taken by W. T. Foster (coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).It is possible that both D. dlspar and I), festivus of Gerstaeckerwill also be found to occur in Paraguayan territory. One of thespecies of this genus, D. communis Bruner, is figured herewith onPlate XXXVn, fig. 6. LEPTYSMA Stal.An examination of all the American locusts that fall into the genusLeptymna would indicate that it contains a much larger number ofspecies than generally has been conceded; and, as is recognized atpresent, it is composed of two series of species, namely, the one moreProc. N. M. vol. XXX?06 42
658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi? xxx.robust and l)elonging to North America, and represented ))y L. inargln i-eoUl.s; the other more slender and belonging to South America, withL. JilifoTmis as a t^'pe. There are at least four readily separableforms of the latter group before me as I write. They may be sepa-rated by the accompanying kej^:TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Apex of male abdomen simple, acuminate. Hind tibia' with numerous (11 to 17));ipines in outer row. Sides of head, pronotum, and pleura with a decided nar-row ferruginous or piceous band.h. Larger (male 27 mm. long). Hind tibifc 17-spined. [Central Argentina.]argentina, new speciesbh. Smaller (male 25, female 30-.S2 mm. long). Hind tibise 11-spined. [SaoPaulo, Brazil. ] gracilis, new speciesact. Apex of male abdomen complex, provided with two rather widely separated,backward projecting, slender fingers, l)etween and above which there is alarge contorted process. Hind tibi<e with 7 to 11 spines in outer row. Sidesof head, pronotum, and pleura less <lecidedly piceous-banded.h. Smaller and slenderer (male 30, female 83-37 mm. long) Jilifarmis (Serville)hl>. Larger and more robust (male 33, female 40-43 mm. long) . .obscunt (Thunberg)LEPTYSMA FILIFORMIS (Serville)?There are 4 males and 4 females before me from Sao Paulo, Brazil,which are placed here. I am not quite sure, however, of the deter-mination, although the measurement agrees with that given by Ser-ville in his description of the species. This insect is credited toParagua}' by Giglio-Tos, and to Argentina by Stal.LEPTYSMA OBSCURA (Thunberg)?There are a number of specimens (4 males and Id females) in theNational collection from Sapucay, Paragua}^ These were collectedby W. T, Foster. The writer also collected in Paraguay, when severalspecimens of both sexes were taken at San Bernardino. All of theseare larger and somewhat more robust than those referred to above aspossibly being L. Jjl'iforinis Serville. They have accordingly beenplaced under Thunberg"'s ohf<eura.LEPTYSMINA Giglio-Tos.LEPTYSMINA PALLIDA Giglio-TosPlate XXXVni, fig. 1.Leptjismina pallida Giglio-Tos, Boll. ^lus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1S94, No. 1S4,p. .35.TIahltat.?Although this insect is not represented in tiie collectionsat hand, nt)r seems to have been reported from Paraguayan territorj-,it was originally described from Kesistencia. Argentina, almost on thel)orders of Paraguay. It is (juite sure to be taken later. The writerhas a specimen, presumably of this species, taken by himself at Vic-toria. Brazil.
I
NO. 1461. IJST OF FA KA GFA YAA' LOi'U>iTS?BF ('NEB. 659ARNILIA Stal.ARNILIA CYLINDRODES Stal.Opsnmala cyUndrodes StIl, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1860, p. 825.-
? Arnilia cyUndrodes StIl, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 85.This insect was described originall}^ as coming from Rio Janeiro,Brazil, by its author, and later b}- himself credited to North Carolinaas well. Not having- specimens of the genus from Rio Janeiro or otherBrazilian localities that agree with StaPs description, it has not beenrecognized by me. I am inclined, however, to consider the NorthCarolina insect as distinct from the Brazilian.Giglio-Tos credits cyli/idrodes to Paraguay.ARNILIA GRACILIS Giglio-Tos.Two males of a slender Arnilia, which the writer collected in 1897at San Bernardino, Paraguay are referred here.ARNILIA COCCINEIPES, new species.Related to Arnilia viridis Serville, but a trifle larger and differingfrom it in several other respects. General color pale green above,without the lateral white lines of viridif< and other related species of thegenus. Antennge ferruginous. The dorsum of abdomen also lacksthe red of viridis, while in the present insect the entire hind tibiae arered, instead, of merely the base and apex.Insect more or less distinctly hirsute throughout, but not profusel}^so except on lower side of abdomen near its apex. Form cylindrical,slender, the tegmina and wings extending considerably beyond thetip of the abdomen; the former acuminate, rather closely veined onbasal half, less so on apical half. Head smooth, the occiput as longas the anterior lobe of the pronotum, the eyes rather large and mod-erately prominent, very little more pointed above than below, muchlonger (nearly twice the length) than the cheeks below them; facestrongly oblique; vertex rather broad, nearly (male) or quite as wide asthe frontal costa in its broadest part (female) ; the fastigium fairly prom-inent, a little wider than long, and with the anterior angle somewhatrounded, the margin a trifle elevated; frontal costa prominent abovewhere it is considerably expanded between the base of the antennae;below this with the sides parallel, deeply sulcate throughout. Prono-tum C3'lindrical, rather shallowl}^ but profuseh^ punctate; the mediancarina visible only on the posterior lobe; ttanverse sulci well defined,the last situated back of the middle; front edge subtruncate, hindedge broadly rounded. Meso- and metapleura closely punctate, pectussmooth. Hind femora moderately robust, shorter than the abdomenin both sexes. Hind tibiae with 7 spines in outer row. Prosternumrobust, the apex truncate, rather larger than at base. Last ventral seg-
660 I'ROCEEDIXGS OF THE NATIONAL MUISEUM. vol. xxx.ment of male abdomen long and narrow, slightly curved upward, theapical third with the sides nearly parallel, the point blunt, entire;supraanal plate broad on basal half, suddenl\- contracted on the apicalhalf, and produced into a rather narrow triangle, the apex of which isacute; ))asal portion bordei'ed with a rather high wall and with twomedian longitudinal carinie; marginal apophyses, longitudinal carina^and base of lateral border black. Cerci rather robust, of the usualform in this group, unicolorous-pale. Valves of the ovipositor stronglyand quite evenly toothed, the serrations deep piceous.Length of body, male, 32; female, 40; of pronotum, male, 5.15;female, 6.5; of tegmina, male, 29; female, 36; of hind femora, male,15.5; female, 18 mm.TyiJe.?Q,2X. No. 9736, U.S.N.M.Hahitai.?San Bernardino and Asuncion, Paraguay, in Septemberseveral specimens of both sexes (L. Bruner); 1 female, Sapucay, Par-aguay (W. T. Foster), in February; Victoria, Brazil, in May (L. Bruner),1 female.As indicated above, this insect bears some resemblance to Opsowalavlridis Serville,'* but differs from it in lacking the pale lines on sidesof bod}' as well as in the aV)sence of the blood-red markings on theabdomen and the pale band on the hind tibiae.OXYBLEPTELLA Giglio-Tos.OXYBLEPTELLA SAGITTA Giglio-Tos.Oxybkptella sagitta Giolio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 33, fig. 7.ILah'dat.?Villa Kica, Paraguay* (Giglio-Tos). Not contained in thematerial before me, but represented b}^ several specimens receivedfrom Sao Paulo, Brazil.INUSIA Giglio-Tos.INUSIA PALLIDA, new species.Femdle.?A pale green insect with the yellowish loAver half of sidesof pronotum, cheeks, and pleura separated from the dorsal region b}'a ^narrow, obscure piceous band. Head, pronotum, and sides of meso-and motathoi'ax profusely but not deeply punctate.Head small, a little narrower than the front edge of the pronotum;the eyes of medium size, not at all prominent, separated above by aspace a little broader than the widest pai't of the frontal costa; fas-tigium horizontal, triangular, about three-fourths as long as one of theeyes, the extreme apex bluntl}- rounded; frontal costa a little promi-nent, slightly widest between the antennse, sulcate throughout and
"Kev. Met. Ins., Ortliojit., p. 77.
No.i4(ii. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 661continuous to the clypeus. Antennae with the basal joints depressed.Pronotum somewhat expanded on posterior lobe, the last transversesulcus decided!}^ Imck of the middle; anterior edg-e roundl}' advancedupon the occiput, the posterior margin of disk also broadly rounded,but little elongated. Teg-mina and wings extending nearly one-thirdof their length beyond the apex of the abdomen, the former a littlebroadened toward the apex, the latter subacuminate. Hind femoramoderately robust, almost as long* as the abdomen; hind tibite with 7spines in outer row and 10 in the inner. Mesosternal lobes with theirinner edge evenly rounded, separated l)y a space nearly as broad as long.Prosternal spine moderately robust, bent l)ack\vard and acumina]be.General color above pale green, the lower portion of cheeks, sidesof pronotum; pleura and venter flavous, bordered above from theback edge of eyes to the base of tegmina by a narrow inconspicuousfuscous band. Hind tibia^ dull plumbeous, the tarsi reddish. Antennaferruginous.Length of body, female, 2T.5; of pronotum, .5.1; of tegmina, 21; ofhind femora, 14 mm.T(/jje.?Cat No. 9737, U.S.N.M.Hahitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen (^Y. T.Foster).The type of the genus, I. grac'dllma Giglio-Tos, may reach Para-guayan territory, as it was taken at Caiza, in the Bolivian Chaco.Judging from its description, it must be a much slenderer insect thanpallida. Other species of the genus occur in northern South Americanregions, as well as in Central America and southern Mexico.STENOPOLA Stal.STENOPOLA PUNCTICEPS St?l.Opsomala puncticeps Stal, Freg. Eugene Rasa, Ins., Orthopt., 1860, p. 325.Stenopola (Oxyblepta) puncticeps StAl, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 84.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, collector. Also re-ported by Giglio-Tos as coming from Paraguay.STENOPOLA BOHLSII Giglio-Tos.Stenopola hoMsii Giglio-Tos, Zool. .Jahrlj., VIII, p. 813.f Stenopola puncticeps Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 31.Habitat.?A number of specimens of both sexes are before me fromSapucay, Paraguay, most, if not all, of which were collected by W. T.Foster. It is represented in the collections of the author and that ofthe U. S. National Museum. It was described from Paraguayanspecimens.
6fi2 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE KATIOXAL MUSEUM vol. xxx.PARACORNOPS Giglio-Tos.This genus is based on the insect which has been determined byGiglio-Tos as De Geer's Acridiuru longipenne which, according to thatauthor, came from Surinam (Dutch Guiana). Without having materialfrom that country for comparison, it would be a difficult matter to defi-nitely recognize the insect to which De (leer gave the name long'qienne.Be this as it may, Stal thought that he recognized in an insect fromBrazil De Geer's species, and placed it in Scudder's genus Cornops."Later Giglio-Tos'' recognized the generic distinctness of Cornopshivit-tatuin. Scudder and the Acridium longlpenne De Geer. He thereforesuggested the name Paracornops for the De Geerian species.By a rather careful study of the description and figure it Avouldappear that if De Geer's insect really occurs in the region under con-sideration in the present paper, and is contained in the material athand, we will have to ta))ulate the species as follows:TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Upper valves of ovipositor provided externally with 4 or 5 large teeth. Generalcolor of insect greenish ferruginous above, testaceous on sides and below. Morefinely and closely punctate.6. Smaller (male 19, female 25 mm.). The lower lateral edges of pronotum some-what sinuate longipenne ( De Geer)bh. Larger (male ??, female 33) . The lower edges of pronotum not sinuous.jxtrnguayense, new speciescui. Upper valves of the ovipositor provided externally with 6 or 7 small teeth.(leneral color of insect grass-green or olivaceous above, greenish yellow below.More coarsely and sparsely punctate.6. Punctuation of pronotum and pleura quite regularly distributed, leaving nodecided glabrous patches. Hind femora much surpassing the abdomen.uqaaticuin, new speciesbb. Punctuation of pronotum and pleura somewhat irregularly distributed, leavingglabrous patches on sides of pronotum and pleura. Hind femora only atrifle surpassing the abdomen porition, new speciesPARACORNOPS LONGIPENNE (De Geer).?This insect is included as a Paraguaj'^an species on the authority ofGiglio-Tos, who gives its habitat as the province of San Pedro. Thereare several specimens, male and female, in the writer's collectionwhich come from Sao Paulo, Brazil, a short distance to the eastward,which have been determined as this species. They are darker coloredthan De Geer's description would indicate, but for size and markingswould be just about right.Length of l)ody, male, 10, female, 25; of pronotum, male, 4, female,5; of tegmina, male, 19, female, 23.5; of hind femora, male, 12, female,15; of antennae, male, 7.5, female, 6.5 mm.No synonomy is given for this insect at present, but will be later ina paper under contemplation.
?Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 40. b Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 31.
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARA G VA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 663PARACORNOPS PARAGUAYENSE, new species.In color and general appearance very similar to the insect hereaccepted as the loiujlpenne DeGeer, but ditfering- from that insect inits much larger size and paler color. It also varies from Joiujlpennein having the lower lateral edges of the pronotum less sinuate, whilethe prosternal spine in the present species is very long and slender ascompared with the shorter and rapidly tapering one of the other insect.Frontal costa scarcely expanding between the antennn^, shallowly sul-cate, and- with the carina not converging at the ocellus.Length of body, female, 33; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 28; ofhind femora, 16.5; of antennae, 8.25 mm.Hahitat.?San Bernardino, Paraguay, a single female collected bythe Avriter during the month of September. It was taken among therank grasses growing in an open glade near a lake.PARACORNOPS AQUATICUM, new species.General color above grass-green, on the sides and below greenishyellow. Sides of head back of the eyes and upper portion of the sidesof pronotum and upper portion of pleura, together with a small basalportion of the costal margin of the tegmina, washed with piceous,which marking is most apparent in the male.Head of moderate size, in the male a trifle narrower, in the femaleabout as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short;e3^es fairly prominent in both sexes, the vertex about as wide (female)or a little more than one-half the width of the frontal costa (male),the fastigium short, broad, blunt, centrally gently sulcate; frontalcosta prominent above where it is somewhat narrowed, as it is alsobelow the ocellus, shallowly and broadly sulcate; the surface coarselypunctate; punctuations of the face piceous, giving it the appearanceof being profusely freckled. Antenna^ filiform, about equal to (female)or a very little longer than (male) the head and pronotum takentogether. Pronotum subcj^indrical, a little expanding on the hindlobe, profusely and rather coarsely punctate; median carina percur-rent, but not prominent; the anterior margin roundly advanced uponthe occiput, hind margin obtusangulate (male) or subrotund (female).Tegmina rather narrow, their apex subacuminate as compared withJong'ipenne^ extending one-third (male) or one-fourth (female) of theirlength beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind femora rather robustand long, surpassing the abdomen in both sexes; hind tibia? unusuallybroad on their apical portion, the outer edge 7-spined. Prosternalspine short, coarse, and blunt, slightly transverse. Last ventral seg-ment of male abdomen short, the sides of apex provided with a blunttooth; the supraanal plate marked with two narrow subbasal lines andtwo black dots.
664 PROCEEDixns of the xattoxal }frsErM. vcl. xxx.Length of body, male, 19.5, female, 24.5; of pronotum, male, 4.5,female, 5.25; of tegminu. nnile. 21, female, 24; of hind femora, male,13, female, 16 mm.TyjM.?Cat No. 9738, U.S.N.M.Hahltcit.?San Bernardino, in September, 1 male, collected by thewriter; also a female from Sapucay, April, W. T. Foster, collector.The insects which form the basis of the above description appear to})elong together, although the pronotum of the female specimen ismuch less angulate on the hind margin of its disc than that of themale. The male specimen may be considered the tj^pe of the species.PARACORNOPS POLITUM, new species.Ver^" similar to P. aquatieaiii Bruner, but Avith shorter and morepointed tegmina. Vertex quite deeply sulcate. The hind femora areshorter and somewhat less robust, while the sides of the pronotum arealmost without indications of the piceous band. The pronotum is lessprofusely punctate on the prozona and has the sides largely withoutpunctures except on the hind lobe. The color of the entire insect is asmoky green inclining to brown. The antenna? are shorter than thehead and pronotum combined. The prosternal spine is short andrather coarse, cjdindrical, the apex blunt.Length of body, female, 25; of pronotum, 5.5; of tegmina. 22: ofhind femora, 14.75; of antenn;e, 6.75 mm.Habitat. ?The single specimen, a female, comes from liio de Janeiro,Brazil, where it was taken by m3^self on some water plants growingin the Botanical Gardens just outside of the cit3\ This specimen is inthe writer's collection. The species ma}' also occur in Paraguay.CORNOPS Scudcler.CORNOPS BIVITTATUM Giglio-Tos.Cornopshivittulnm ( iuJi.iu-Tos, Boll, :^ru8. Zool. Aiiat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 1S4,p. 32.Habitat.?Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not in the collecti(nisstudied. BUCEPHALACRIS Giglio-Tos.The genus Bucephalacrix was established b}^ Giglio-Tos" for aninsect which he took to he the Gri/llux hucepJialas of Marschall.ifLater he recognized it as distint-t and described it as B. horcilH. Thewriter has specimens from British (iuiaua that appear to be MarschalTsinsect without an}^ doubt. These are quite distinct and do not evenfall in the same genus as characterized by Professor Giglio-Tos,
?Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Comp. TJni. Torino, IX, 1894, No 184, p. 30.
''Ann. Wiener Mus., 1835, p. 217, No. 10, pi. xviii, fig. 9.
LIST OF PARAG VA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 66
5
BUCEPHALACRIS BORELLII Giglio-Tos.Bucephalacrishorfllil (tiglio-Tos, Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No.302, p. 31.anfllus hucephalus Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mns. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 31, not Marschall.Ualntid.?Credited to the Province of San Pedro, Paraguay, whereit was taken b}" Doctor l^orelli (Gig'lio-Tos).BUCEPHALACRIS PARAGUAYENSIS new species.General form cylindrical, not e.specially robust, the color dull gray-ish brown, with the lower sulcus and inner face of hind fcMuora deepblood-red; apex of tegniina broadly rounded, a little shorter than boththe hind femora and the abdomen: prosternal spine large, short, blunt.Head a little broader than the front edge of the pronotum, nearly as])road as high; face and cheeks rather evenly and profusely punctate,the occiput smooth; e3'es large, prominent, strongly divergent, muchlonger than the cheeks below them; vertex between the eyes rathernarrow, about three-hfths as broad as the frontal costa between thebase of antenna?; fastigium slightly depressed, a little broader thanlong, widely truncate in front and separated from the facial costa bya strong transverse carina, just back of which are two lateral depres-sions separated by a short posteriorly direct(Kl carina or ridge; frontalcosta evenly and coarsely punctate, rather broad and prominent above,gently narrowing below, not quite reaching the cl\"peus, broadly andshallowly sulcate, with the bounding walls blunt and smooth, which,about midway between the antenna? and clypeus, emits a lateral impunc-tate ridge, which extends a little more than half way to the lateralfacial carina?; antennae tiliform; pronotum subcylindrical, the surfacerather evenl}- and profusely punctate, without lateral carime; mediancarina percurrent, faint, most apparent on hind lobe; anterior edgesomewhat advanced upon the occiput, but with the center roundlyemarginate, hind border broadly rounded; transverse impressed lineswell marked, continuous, the last much back of the middle; pleuraand sternum of meso- and metathorax punctate, the mesosternal lobesseparated by a space a little longer than broad, the inner edge of thelobes broadly rounded posteriori}^; tegminaof medium and equal widththroughout, not quite as long as the abdomen, the texture semimem-Ijranous and with comparatively few veins, the apex rounded; wingsas long as tegmina.Anterior and middle legs short, their femora but little enlarged andslightly arcuate. Hind femora moderately robust on basal two-thirds, somewhat compressed, the pinniB quite regular in size, thecarinjB low and smooth; tibia? slender, hairy, with T spines in outerrow; tarsi long and slender, the hrstand second joints equal in length.Prosternal spine coarse, .short, the apex broadly rounded. Valves of
r>f)6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.ovipostor slender, exserted, the basal half of upper pair with threetransverse rugie, apical half slender, scooped out, curved upward andslio-htly inward; lower pair with a broad basal tooth, the apical halfnarrowed and curved downward.General color dull grayish brown. Eyes slightly ssneous, more orless clearly longitudinally striped anteriorly with dark brown and tes-taceous. Sides of head and upper portion of sides of pronotuni show-ing a faint dusky band, below this a paler one; upper edge of cl3'peus,lower face, and facial carinj\3 also paler. Tegraina unicolorous, savethat a few of the smaller veins and veinlets above near the base are atrifle paler. Hind wings h3'^aline at base, the apical portion faintlyclouded. Hind femora with indication of three fuscous bands, onel)asal, one median, and the other preapical, most decided across upperedge, and crossing over to upper edge of inner face. Latter, alongwith lower sulcus, })right blood-red. Hind tibia dirty plumbeous,infuscated apically. Pectus and venter pale dirty A'ellow.Length of l)ody, female, 30, of pronotum, 5.1, of tegmina, 17, ofhind femora, 11 nnn.ITahltdt.?The type, a single female, was collected by the writer atSan Bernardino, Paraguay, during the month of September, 1897. Itwas taken in a small opening near the edge of a heavy forest, and ifmemor}' is not at fault, was collected from the trunk of a small shrub.ADIMANTUS Stal.ADIMANTUS VITTICEPS ( Blanchard).Acridlutii vitt iceps BhAycHARB, in D'Orbigny Voy. rAiner. Merid., VI., 1837?13,Pt. 2, Insect., p. 216, pi. xxvii, fig. 4.nal>'it(it.?Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T. Foster, collector. Specimensof both sexes are at hand.Should this insect prove to be of the same species as Burmeister'sO.ciia (?'n((tissliiia^" it is quite probable that the Burmeister name wouldhave priority, since D'Orbign\'\s work began publishing in 1837 andwas not completed till 1843, while the Handbuch was published in1838. Whether the insects are identical or not they are at leastcongeneric. ZYGOLISTRON TRACHYSTICTUM Rehn.
Zxjgolixtron Iradujxtidiuii Rehn, Knt. NewH, XVI, 1905, p. 39, figs. 1, 2, 3, male.There are before me as I write 9 males and 3 females of this peculiarlocust. Although one would iiave no difticulty in recognizing thetwo sexes as belonging to one and the same species, there is sufficientdifference between the two to warrant me in presenting herewith adescription of the female which Mr. Rehn had not seen when he drewup his description. aHamlbucii Knt., II, p. 636.
NO. I4(;i. LIST OF PARA G IJA YAN LOCUSTS?BR VNER. 667As compared with the male it is much more robust, has a larger head,broader and shorter fastigium of the vertex, less prominent eyes, thepronotum is more coarsel}' rugose, the tegmina arc a])breviated, beingonl}" about one-half as long instead of a trifle longer than the abdo-men. The antennae of the female are also correspondingly shorterthan in the opposite sex, as are also the hind femora. The valves ofthe ovipositor are not abnormally' developed, l)eing of the ordinarytype in species of allied genera. In color the sexes are similar, savethat perhaps the females will average a little paler, and in lacking tosome extent the row of prominent discal spots of the tegmina.Length of bodj', female, 54, of pronotum, 11, of tegmina, 20, ofhind femora, 21 nmi.Ilahitdf?Sapucay, Paraguay, W. T, Foster, 9 males and 3 femalescollected in February.This genus seems to have some of the characteristics of the Zonio-podfe, but lacks the terminal spine on the outer carina of the hindtibias. It also resembles in other respects the genus Aleuas which lat-ter genus lacks the terminal spine. Possibly too nuicli stress has beenplaced b}^ some orthopterists on this spine feature in the arrangementof the genera. I would also suggest the same with reference to thecomparative length of the first and second joints of the hind tarsi.ALEUAS Stal.ALEUAS VITTICOLLIS Stal.Aleuas vitticoUis StAl, Syst. Acrid., 1878, -p- 69.Hahitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, 2 males, W. T. Foster, collector.Reported also from this country by James A. G. Rehn.The following table for the separation of the species of Aleuas willgive an idea of the relationship of the previousl}' described forms ofthe genus, together with the one now characterized:TABLE FOR DET1]RMINATI0N OF SPECIES.
a. Hind tibite armed externally with 6 or 7 spines. Wings either fnlly developedor more or less abbreviated. Pronotum strongly rugose-punctate.h. Tibiaj normally with but 6 spines on the outer margin.
c. Tegmina slightly surpassing the ajiices of the hind femora vittiroUls Stalc<: Tegmina much abbreviated, less than half as long as the abdomen.brachyjiterns, new speciesbb. Tibite with 7 spines on the outer margin. Tegmina and wings surpassing tipof the abdomen gracilis Stalaa. Hind tibiae armed externally with 8 or 9 spines. Wings always fully developed.Pronotum not rugose, punctate Uneatus StalALEUAS BRACHYPTERUS, new species.Like the previousl}^ known species of the genus this insect is pre-vailingly green or greenish olive in color. Its i)ronotum has themedian carina and a line on either side continuous from the hind mai'-
668 PROCEEDINGS OE THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.gin of the eyes to the base of el3^tra black. The hind tibite are green-ish basall}' and purplish apically; the spines pale, black-tipped.Head as wide as the front edge of the pronotiini, smooth above andat the sides. Vertex between the eyes about as broad as the longestdiameter of one of the latter, evenly rounded, not sulcate in the least,separated from the face 1)}' low, blunt carina? which meet at the middh^in a ver}' obtuse angle. Frontal costa evenh' widening downward,flat, gentl}' punctate, its lateral carinas well defined, straight, and con-tinuous to the clj^peus; facial carina less conspicuous, but plain, alittle curved at the base of antenna?. Fronotuui subcAdindrical, itssurface rugoselj^ punctate, the median carina prominent, cut back ofmiddle by last transverse sulcus; lateral carina? obliterated; lowerlateral margins heavily bordered, gently undulate; front border a littleadvanced on occiput, hind edge obtuse-angled. Tegmina a little lessthan half as long as the abdomen, o})long ovate, the apex drawn outand pointed, the dorsal edges just touching. Abdomen rather stronglycarinate above; valves of ovipositor short, strong, the apices abruptlybent. Hind femora 'slender, not reaching the tip of abdomen.Length of body, female, 54, of pronotum, 12.75, of tegmina, 16, ofhind femora, 23.5 mm.Ti/j?<'.?Cat. No. 9721, U.S.N.M.Jhih'dat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, a single female specimen (Coll. L.Bruner); H males and 3 females^ (Coll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.).ALEUAS GRACILIS Stal.
Al/'iKis t/ntcill.s Stal, Syst. Aci'id., 1878, p. 70. 'JItihltat.?Four male specimens that were collected at Sapuca}' byW. T. Foster are at hand. Kelui also reports it from Paraguay.ALEUAS LINEATUS Stal.Plate XXXVIII, fig. 10.Aleitdn liiifdtu!^ Stal, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 70.llahitat.?This is the most abundant and, at the same time, mostwidel}^ distributed species of the genus. Specimens are at hand fromArgtMitina, Paraguav, and Truguay. Those from Paraguay comefrom Sapucay. PARALEUAS Giglio-Tos.Tile representatives of tliis genus ar(? of small or medium size and,judging from the material before me, are fairly numerous. Like thespecies of Jodacrix and Ontalotetti.v they occur among the dead leavesand heritage growing beneath the larger shrubs and trees composingthe forests and jungles which prevail over mucdi of Paraguay and Brazil.The three forms at hand and Pardlewis hohlsii Giglio-Tos may )>e sepa-rated by the subjoined table.
NO. 1461. LlstT OF PARAaUAYAN LOCmriS?BRUNER. ? 669TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Larger (female, 23-26 nun.). Tegmina unicolorous, without maculations.h. Hind femora green, not provided with fuscous annulations externally. Hindtiliiit' green hohh'd Giglio-Tosbh. Hind femora brunneo-testaceous and furnished externally with two fairly well-defined dusky bands, most prominent above. Tibise deep glaucous, infus-cated apically foster!, new speciesan. Smaller (female 17.5-20 nun.). Tegmina rather evcidy maculate with smallfuscous spots.b. Hind femora banded with fuscous both internall}' and externally. Lower edgeof cheeks, pronotum, and pleura not entirely pale (Paraguay).puncHpeiniis, new speciesbb. Hind femora not banded with fuscous. The lower edge of cheeks, pronotum,and pleura pale banded ( Victoria, Brazil ) minor, new species ?PARALEUAS BOHLSII Giglio-Tos.Paraleuas bolihli Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No.311, p. 57.TIahitat.?Reported from Paragua}' bj^ Giglio-Tos, but not repre-sented in the material now at hand as a basis of this paper.PARALEUAS FOSTERI, new species.Like p. IxMsii Gigiio-Tos, the present species has the generalappearance of a Stenojjola. It is briinneo-ferruginoiis above, and isprovided on the cheeks, lower part of sides of pronotum, and on thepleura with a pale band.
"While at Victoria, Brazil, several years ago the writer secured, among other mate-rial which he collected there, several specimens of a small locust which is related tothe other sjiecies tabulated above. As species of the genus occur over a ratherextended range and each may have an extensive distribution, it is thought wise todescribe P. minor at this time.As shown by the above table, it is most nearly related to the A. punctipe7inis whichcomes from San Bernardino, from which it differs, however, in its considerably smallersize, its somewhat general paler color, and in the presence of well-defined pale lateralbands on sides of head, lower portion of sides of pronotum, and pleura. While it isprovided with the fuscous tegmina maculations, minor is without the dusky bands onthe hind femora. In the present species the head of the male is very short and muchbroader than the front edge of the pronotum, and the tegmina and wings slightlysurpass both the apex of the abdomen and the tips of the hind femora. The eyesare unusuallj' large and prominent, so as to give to the head when viewed from infront the ajipearance of being nearly twice as broad above as below. The cheeksbelow the eyes are less than one-half as long as the greatest diameter of one of them.Hind tibiae colored as in punctipennis, with 8 spines in the outer row.Length of body, male, 13, female, 17.5; of pronotum, male, 2.3, female, 2.8; oftegmina, male, 11, female, 12; of hind femora, male, 8.5, female, 9 mm.liabitdt.?Victoria, Brazil, during the month of May, both sexes. (Collection ofL. Bruner.
)
The present species does not have the second joint oi the hind tarsi as nearly eijualin length with the first as is the case in punctipennis.
670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.Head moderately large, a little broader than the front edge of thepronotum, the occiput .short; eyes large and prominent, much longerthan that portion of the cheeks below them, separated above by a spacescarcely as wide as the diameter of the basal joint of the antennw; fas-tigium of the vertex horizontal, moderately large and l)roadly and ver}'shallowly sulcate; frontal costa prominent above the ocellus where itis nearl}'"twice as broad as the narrow vertex, plane, with a few coarsepunctures, below the ocellas narrower, less prominent, sulcate and con-tinuous to the clypeus. Antenna rather coarsel}' filiform, a triflelonger than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, CA'lin-drical, without lateral carina', strongly and coarsel}' impresso-punctate,a little expanding on posterior lobe. Tegmina narrow, about as long-as al)domen and somewhat surpassing the apex of hind femora. Thelatter moderate!}' broad at base, but flattened, slender apicall3\ Hindtibia' and tarsi rather profusely and longl}^ hirsute, the former pro-vided with 7 spines in outer row. Prosternal spine robust, short, anddirected gently to the rear.General color above brownish ferruginous, with a well-definedpiceous l)iind on the head back of eyes, on upper portion of sides ofpronotum and pleura, followed ))elow b}- a narrower one of flavous,which is again bordered on the lower margin l)y a darker color thatcontinues to the pectus and venter. Sides of abdomen largely piceous.Tegmina ])rownish ferruginous, l)ec(miing fuliginous apicall}. Wingsnmch infuscated. Hind femora ferrugineo-testaceous, with traces oftwo dusky bands across upper edge and black ones internally, the apexblack intci'iially on lower half, reddish on upper half, preceded b}- apale uniHilus. Hind tDmv dull plumbeous basally, becoming stronglyinfuscated apically. Anteiuia' ferruginous.Length of ))ody, female 23, of pronotum 8.S, of tegmina 16, of liindfemora 10.5 nmi.7///.r.?Cat. No. 9739 U.S.N.M.Ilahiiiii.?Sapucay, Paragua}', 5 females collected during themonths of Jiuuiary and February (W. T. Foster).PARALEUAS PUNCTIPENNIS. new species.A somewhat smaller but more robust insect than the preceding anddiflering from it in lacking the decided pale band on sides of head,})ronotum atul pleura, in possessing a lu'oader head, larger and moreprominent eyes, a shorter pronotum and correspondingl}' shortertegmina and wings. The tegmina in _i)unctlihnni>< are somewhatshorter than the abdomen and strongly mottled with fuscous, and thecarinas of the hind femora are conspicuously conspersed with black inaddition to the darker outer face and much more pronounced fuscousbands. The disk of the pronotum and occiput is dirty gray, more orless conspersed and mottled with fuscous, as is also the face. The
N...1461. LIST OF FAmiGUAYAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 671eyes are brunneo-testaceous and aeneous in certain lights. Hindtibia? grayish phimbeous, a little darker apically. Anterior and middlelegs conspersed with fuscous. Legs, venter and apical parts of abdo-men strongly hirsute. Second joint of hind tarsi nearly as long astirst.Length of body, female 20, of pronotum 3, of tegmina 13, of hindfemora 10 mm.JIahiiat.?San Bernardino, Paragua}'.Type.?A single female taken b}" the writer in September.This insect approaches Bucej>halacris in some respects, but the pre-vailing characters are those of Parnleuas.ORTHOSCAPHEUS, ne^jv genus.According to Giglio-Tos' table for the separation of the describedgenera of South American Acridiiuse" the insect upon which thepresent genus is based would run to Jodacrh.. The peculiar structureof the ovipositor, as compared with that of J. fey'inig'mea.^ will, how-ever, separate it from that genus, as will also several other characters.Face, pronotum, and pleura strongly punctate. Female front sub-\ertical, ver}' slightly advanced between the antenna? when viewedlateralh^; frontal costa very broad an*d fairly prominent above theocellus, where if is without suk'ation and nearly impunctate, at andbelow the ocellus a little narrower, sulcate and continuous to thecl3'peus. Eyes fairly prominent, a little longer than the cheeks belowthem, front edge nearly straight, the back side broadly- rounded; ver-tex between the eyes about as broad as the basal antennal joint, thefastigium broadly triangular, its front edges meeting in an obtuseangle, narrowly and shallowly sulcate in the middle. Antenna^ presum-abl}^ tiliform (the only specimen at hand is without them). Pronotumprofusely and strongly punctate, with the sides of anterior lobe parallel,the posterior one expanding, the two lobes of about equal length,the hind sulcus profound; front boarder broadly rounded the centershallowl}'^ emarginate, hind border obtusangulate; median carina dis-tinct in front and on the hind lobe; sides a little higher than long, theedges nearly parallel, lower posterior angle square, the apex a littlerounded, the anterior angle obliquely truncate. Tegmina complete,coriaceous, profusely and strongly veined, a little tapering, the apexrounded, and the costal Held near the base rather strongly ampliate.Hind femora moderately robust, the pinnae quite regular, their tipsnot quite reaching the apex of the abdomen, the genicular lobesrounded. Overpositor long and straight, the uppor valves withoutteeth, of nearly equal width throughout, their apices bluntly mounded;the lower ones smaller, shorter, and more slender, tapering and acumi-nate, in a measure lying between the lower edges of the upper pair.
? Boll. Mus, Zool. Anat, Comp. Uni. Torino, 1898, No. 311, pp. 40-50.
672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.jVIesosternal lobes separated by a subquadrate space about equal inwidth to the lobes themselves. Prosternal spine pyramidal, moderatelyrobust and directed g-ently to the rear.Type of (/I'll iix.? 0)'fJi(?<i-(ij>Ji('iis roSf'ij^ennis.ORTHOSCAPHEUS ROSEIPENNIS, new species.? Os)nili<i roriucea Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX 1894, No. 1S4,p. 18.Clencral color, dark wood-l)rown, with some indication of ferruj>-i-nous upon head, pleura and hind femora. Tegmina quite evenl}' con-spersed with small fust'ous ?pots. Frontal costa above the ocellusblack; tlie hind femora witli the inner side, lower sulcus and the lowerouter edge also pitch 1)lack; upper edge with two transverse dusky)>ands. the outer fourth including knee l)rownish testaceous. Surfaceof head, pronotum, pleura, anterior and middle legs, and carinte ofhind femora also conspersed with dark ])rown or black. - Hind wingsbeautiful, transparent rose coloi", becoming smoky apically, the vein-lets on apical half and some of the veins also black, the remainderrose-red.Length of l)ody, female 2S..5, of i)ronotum 5.5, of tegmina 23,of hind femora 1-t, of ovipositor 2.65 nun.Ti/jx.?Cat. No. !)7-l:0, U.S.N.M.ILih'itiif.?Sapucay, Paraguav, a single female specimen, which wastaken February 28 by W. T. Foster. It may be taken as the type ofthe genus.The Osnillla corlacca Giglio-Tos, may be identical with this insect,and, if so, his name would have priority, and it should be Orthosca-phoiK corlaeeiis Giglio-Tos.JODACRIS Giglio-Tos.JODACRIS FERRUGINEA Giglio-Tos.Annkeri'ifen-iiiihieiix Gigliu-Tos, Moll. Mu.<. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 30, in part.Jodacrisf('rru(jinea Giglio-To.s, Boll. ^tns. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, No. 302, pp.32-33, footnote (1897) in part.Thdntat.?Province of San Pedro, Paraguay ((xiglio-Tos) ; Sapuca}^W. T. f^oster. several specimens (Coll. U.S.N.M.); San Bernardino(L. Bruner).For a straightening out of the synonomy of this insect see remarksunder (hnaloti'ttir.OMALOTETTIX, \\e\iw genus.Related to Jodacrh and Oiilioscdft/KHs., but diiiering from both ofthese in the more compressed body; from Jodacris by the great dis-parity in size between the sexes and in the shorter male cerci, whichhave the two forks jnore nearly (Mpial. It differs further fi'om this A
LIST OF PARAG UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR VNER. 673last-named genus by having the hind femora slenderer apically, thevertex between the eyes narrower, and the hind lobe of the pronotunilonger and more ampliate, as well as angulate instead of l)roadlyrounded.In his diagnosis of the genus Jodacrlx" it is evident that the authorhad ])efore him specimens of two distinct genera?a male of his ferru-(j!nta and a female of the Jodacrls (?) nebalosa Bruner.'' This genusis widel}^ distributed over tropical America and contains severalspecies. These inconspicuously colored insects live in forests, wherethey occur among fallen leaves and on the stems of plants. Threespecies are known to abound in Paraguay. The}^ may be separatedby the subjoined synoptic table.This last-named insect may be considered the type of Oinalotettix.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
(I. Paler, testaceous to bruuneo-testaceous. Outer lower edge of hind femora largelyl)lack, the sides of pronotum usually provided with a jiiceous band which isbordered above and below by one of paler hue.h. Larger (male, 17; female, 21 mm.). Hind femora with two dusky bands acrossthe upper edge, the outer face plain nebulo^a Brunerhb. Smaller (male, 14; female, 19 mm. ). Hind femora provided on outer face witha conspicuous black patch signatipes, new speciesaa. Darker, wood-brown to brunneo-ferruginous. Outer lower edge of hind femorawithout the black color. Sides of pronotum unicolorous. amdeipennis BrunerOMALOTETTIX NEBULOSA Bruner.Jodacris (?) nehulosa Brunek, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, ji. 67.Hahitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, -t males and 12 females (W. T.Foster); Tucuman, Argentina, and Victoria, Brazil (L. Bruner).As mentioned above, this insect was confounded with Jodacrisferra-ginea by Giglio-Tos when he drew up his diagnosis of the genus. Healso credits it to Paraguay.OMALOTETTIX SIGNATIPES, new species.Very similar to the })receding, from which it differs in the pointsindicated in the synoptic table of species given above. It also differsfrom nehidosa in having a slightly shorter and broader fastigium ofthe vertex, a slightly less prominent frontal costa between the base ofthe antenna^ and a little shorter hind lobe of the pronotum, which isless decidedly angulate.Length of body, males, 14; females, 19; of pronotum, males, 3;females, -t; of tegmina, males, 13; females, 18; of hind femora, males,8.5; females, 12 mm,Type.?Q2it. No, 9741, U,S.N.M.
?Bo11. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, 1897, No. 802, pp. 32-33.b Locusts of Argentina, 1900, p. 67.Proc. N. M. vol. XXX?06 43
674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.Ilahitat.?Sapuca}', Paraguay, 2 females collected in March byW. T. Foster.Thci-e are also a number of specimens of both sexes of this speciesin the writer's collection from Pernambuco, Brazil, and Temax,Yucatan. OMALOTETTIX C-flERULEIPENNIS Bruner.Jodiicris (?) cicruleipennis Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, 1900, j). 68.Ilahitat.?Three males and 4 females, Sapucay, Paraguay (W. T.Foster); other specimens at Asuncion (L. Bruner).This species also occurs in northern Argentina, where it ina_y V)etaken in company with nebulona. It appears less common than theother two species here mentioned.VILERNA Stal.VILERNA RUGULOSA Stal.Vilcrnd ni</i(lnti<i Stal, Syst. Acrid., 1878, p. 61.Ilahitat.?Sapuca}, 1 specimen, W. T. Foster collector; San Bernar-dino and Asuncion, L. Bruner collector; province of San Pedro,Luque, and Asuncion, Paraguay, Giglio-Tos.This insect is fairly common and should be sought for among theyucca and pineapple-like plants, in the center and about the base ofthe leaves of which it lurks and where it is more or less . thoroughlyprotected from lizard and bird enemies.OSMILIOLA Giglio-Tos.OSMILIOLA AURITA Giglio-Tos.OsmWioht aur'iUi GuiLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897, No. .S02,
I,. 88.Habitat.?This insect was described from specimens collected atSan Lorenzo, in the province of Jujuy, Argentina, and Caiza, in theBolivian Chaco. A single female specimen at hand was taken atPernambuco, Brazil. It evidently occurs in Paraguay also.XIPHIOLA Bolivar.XIPHIOLA BORELLII Giglio-Tos.Xipliiola huir/lli ( ;k;i.io-To.s, Boll. I\Ius. Zool. Anat. Torino, XV, 1900, No. 377, p. 5.Habitat.?There are 3 males and 2 females before me from Sapu-cay. The}' were collected In' W. T. Foster. The tjp& came fromUrucum, Brazil.
Ml
NO. 1161. LIST OF PARAGUAYAN LOCVSTS?TUITJNER. 675SCHISTOCKRCA Stal.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
a. Pronotnm with its posterior edge decidedly angulate. Antennje of male nearlyor quite one-half longer than the pronotum.h. Tegmina distinctly maculate. Sides of pronotum with the lower area obliquelypale, edged above with fuscous. Male cerci apically narrowed.desiliens Scudderbd. Tegmina immaculate or very faintly maculate; the lower area of sides of pro-notum pale yellow, separated obliquely from the darker upper portion.Male cerci but little narrowed apically.c. Antennre of male one-half as long again as the head and jironotum together.Wings feebly infumate; the tegmina feebly or obscurely maculate.fnrofamciata (De Geer)?'. Antennfe of male one-thinl as long again as the head and pronotum together.
"Wings strongly infumate, the tegmina immaculate infumata Scudderaa. Pronotum with its posterior edge distinctly rounded. Antennte of male rela-tively shorter.b. Head unusually large, broader than the front edge of 'the pronotum, giving tothe insect a strangulate appearance,c. General color bright olive green, salmon, and cream, the tegmina obscurelyif at all maculate. The pronotum coarsely granulate and with the anteriorlobe plainly tectate llneata (StoU)cc. General color testacious, ferruginous, and white, the tegmina plainly, oftenstrongly, maculate. The pronotum finely granulate, in nowise tectate.d. Pronotum very decidedly strangulate on anterior lobe; the maculation oftegmina rather evenly distributed, the anal area at broadest point one-third broader than the interspace between the eyes...i)eregrhia (Olivier)dd. Pronotum less decidedly strangulate; the maculation of tegmina inclin-ing to form bands, the anal area at its broadest point no broader or butlittle broader than the interspace between the eyes.paranentiis (Burmeister)bh. Head normal, about as wide as the front edge of the jsronotum. Maculations(jf tegmina confined chiefly to the middle area and gathered into two longi-tudinal rows on apical third : jmllens (Thunberg)SCHISTOCERCA DESILIENS Scudder.Schistocerca dedlienft Scuddek, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXIV, 1899, p. 455.llahitat.?Specimens of this species we're observed by the writer inthe vicinity of Asuncion, in 1897. There are none in the collections athand from Parag-uay, but quite a series are Before me from Victoria,Brazil. SCHISTOCERCA FLAVOFASCIATA i De Geer).Airydium jiavojasckdum De Geer, Mem. Ins., Ill, 1873, p. 488, pi. xl, fig. 8; foradditional synonomy see Scudder's Orthopteren Genus Schistocerca.Habitat.?Reported fi'om Asuncion and Luque, Paraguay. Notrepresented in the collection just studied.
676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATTOXAL MVSEUM.SCHISTOCERCA INFUMATA Scuddef,Schifstocerca infumuta Sctudkh, rroc. Amur. Acad. Arts.Sci., XXXIV, 1899, )>. 457.IlaVitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, 8 males and 6 fomale.s, collected byW. T. Foster. Also reported from Paraguay l)y Jas. A. G. Rehn.This rather Hue appearing locust is (juite generally distril)uted overArgentina and Uruguay along the La Plata River and northwaixl intoBrazil at least as far as Pernambuco, where two specimens of it wereot)served by the writer at the edge of a swamp.SCHISTOCERCA LINEATA (Stoll)?Griillns {Locad(t) Iineatas >>TohL, Rep. JSpoct., etc, 1787, ]>. ;!1, pi. xv, fiy:. 57.llahltat.?The writer has before him -i male and -t female specimensof a Schistocerca that might be the insect figured by Stoll. It is quitedistinct in its coloration from cver^- other form ever examined by me.It cjomes from Sao Paulo, Brazil, where it seems to be fairly conniion.Should the present determination be correct, the name of Scudder'sI'meata must be changed. I would suggest tlie nauie ><cadderl as asuitable one. SCHISTOCERCA FALLENS (Thunberg).(IriillMii pallenx. Tuunbeiu;, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1815, p. 2o7. For furtherHynonomy see Sciidder.Jl(th/'f<it.?'Not represented in the collections at hand. It is known,however, to be pretty widel}' distributed over tropical America fromMexico to the Urugua}^ River. It certainly occurs in Paragua}-.SCHISTOCERCA PARANENSIS (Burmeister).Plate XXXVn, tig. 4.Arridhim jmranense BvHii\FA?TER, Keis. La Plata 8tat., I, 1861, p. 491.Sclihtocrrca paranemiK Biiv^KH, 1st Rept. B. A. Loc. Com., 1898, pi., figp. l-.S, 6.Acridiion {Scliislocerat) j)ere(jrhiiun (pai-t) Bkkc;, Anal. Soc. Cieiit. Argent., IX,1880, p. 275.Ilahitdt.?This migrator}^ species reaches Paraguay n^gidariy in itsanimal (lights if it is not permanently found in some portion of thecountry. It was ol)served in great abundance in the \icinity of Asun-cion during 1807, when the writer made a visit to that region.SCHISTOCERCA PEREGRINA (Olivier).AcrldiiDii jxrci/niiiDii Oliviek, N'oy. Vau\>. (Hi., II, 1807, \k 424. For adilitionalsyiiouomy see Scudder.//(ihif(//. \y\\i\v this insect is chietly conlined to tln^ INIediteri-aneanregion of the Orient, it is frecpiently reported from various ])arts oftropical .\nierica. Giglio-Tos records it as coming from various Par-aguayan, northern Argentinian, and southern Brazilian points. Evi-
m. 1461. LIST OF PAHAO UA YAIT LOCUSTS?BR UNtJR. 677dently niiiii}^ of these reports are Ixised on specimens of the precedingspecies. I ni3\se]f have seen no typical specimens of pere<jr'uia tihatwere taken on this side of the Atlantic.ATRACHELACRIS Giglio-Tos.ATRACHELACRIS UNICOLOR Giglio-Tos.Plate XXXVIII, fig. 8, female; fig. 0, male.Atrarhelacriff nuicolor (.iuiLio-Tos, P.()ll. Miis. Zool. Aiiat. Torino, I X, 1894, No. 184,p. 21.Bahitat.?Several specimens of the two sexes from Sai)ucay, Para-guav, are before me. They were collected ))y W. 'l\ Foster. It isalso reported from Asuncion by Giglio-Tos.DICHROPLUS Stal.Many of the insects which comprise this extensive genus are veryclosel}^ related to one another in their general appearance, and thecomparatively few forms thit have thus far been noted by entomologistshave been so briefly described that it is a little doubtful as to the iden-tity of all of them. This is especially true when the student is limitedin the material that is accessible for study. With comparatively fewexceptions the members of the genus are confined to regions south ofthe equator in South America, with Paragua}^ and northern Argentinaas the center of their distribution. This being true, most of the speciesmay be expected to occur in the countr}^ now under consideration.The subjoined table will be of assistance in determining them.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF 8PECIE8.
a. Female with the valves of the ovipositor emarginately truncate. Interval betweenthe niesosternal lobes considerably longer than wide. Male cerci moderatelylong, compressed back of middle, l)eyond gently Ixjwed.b. Prosternal tubercle large, transverse. Lower edge and inner face of hind femorablood-red. General color dull l>rown ohscurun Brunerbb. Prosternal tubercle not large, conical. Lower edge and inner face of hindfemora yellowish,c. Smaller. General color olivaceous yehow. Upper valves of ovipositor muchlonger than the lower ones cliens Stalcc. Larger. General color brownish yellow. Upper valves of ovipositor butlittle longer than lower ones letnniscatus (Stal)aa. Female with the valves of the ovipositor entire at apex, acuminate or subacumi-nate. Interval between the niesosternal lobes usually, but not always, asbroad or a little broader than long.b. Hind tibiie with nine spines in outer row. Tegmina and wings usually, but notalways, reaching or surpassing the tip of abdomen.c. Interval between the ineaosternal lobes a little longer than wide. Upper edgeof sides of pronotum generally dusky throughout, but sometimes only tothe posterios sulcus.d. Tegmina not or scarcely surpassing the tip of hind femora.
678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.
e. Frontal costa sulcate./. Posterior coxse marked externally with a dark line.g. Disk of tegmina dark veined .fuscus ( Thunberg)f/ff. Disk of tegmina not dark veined. Lower sulcus and inner face ofhind femora red cinereus Brunerff. Posterior coxa? not marked externally with ii dark line.(/. Smaller. Green and yellowish, hind femora on basal half internallysanguineous. Tegmina unicolorous, sordid yellow.hlaAor Giglio-Tosgg. Larger. Brownish testaceous, the hind femora internally tlavous.Tegmina faintly conspersed with fuscous.h. Very robust. Hind femora incrassate and with the lower outersulcus infuscated, surpassing the tip of tegmina and abdomen inthe female robust as, new species./(/(. Less robust. Hind femora normal, the lower outer sulcus con-colorous, about reaching or falling a little short of the tip oftegmina and abdomen in the female.paraguai/pnsls, new speciesee. Frontal costa not sulcate. Dorsal edge of tegmina pale-veined.2)atrue/is Staldd. Tegmina surpassing the tip of hind femora.
e. Male cerci rather heavy and straight. Lower sulcus of hind femora yel-lowish jmttensis Bruneree. Male cerci slender, incurved beyond the middle. Lower sulcus of hindfemora orange-red./. Smaller, very slender; the sides of pronotum parallel. Dusky band onside of pronotum extending to metapleura exills Giglio-Tosff. Larger, less graceful; the sides of pronotum diverging posteriorly.Dusky band on side of pronotum continued upon tegmina to theapex elongatus Giglio-TosCO. Interval between mesosternal lobes fully as wide or wider than long. Thedusky band on sides of pronotum more or less interrupted.d. Posterior lobe of pronotum somewhat ascending posteriorly, a little longerthan the anterior lol)e arrogans Staldd. Posterior lobe of pronotum not ascending posteriorly, al)out eipialing or atrifle shorter than tlie anterior lobe.e. Posterior coxie fuscous or black spotted. Last ventral segment of maleabdomen with the lateral margins black./. Smaller. Hind tibije red pnnctulatus (Thunberg)ff. Larger. Hind trbiie greenish testaceous conspersns Bruneree. Posterior cox;e unsiwtted. Last ventral segment of male al)domen withthe margins never black./. Hind femora with the inner face and lower sulcus fiavous or testaceous.Tegmina rather evenly and tinely conspersed with fuscous.dtibhts, new species
ff'. Hind femora witli the inner face and lower sulcus, at least in i)art,sangunieous. Tegmina abbreviate or fully developed, not evenlyconspersed with fuscous.g. Hind tibise deej) purple. Pronotum at sides of disk pale vittate.brasilien.'iiK, new speciesgg. Hind tibiie glaucous. Disk of pronotum either vittate or concol-orous./(. Tegmma and wings usually greatly abbreviated. Sides of disk ofpronotum and dorsal angles of tegmina pale vittate.viUatus Bruner
NO. 1461, LIST OF PARAGUA YAN LOCVSTS?BR UNER. 679hh. Tegmina not abbreviated, nearly or quite as long as the abdomen.Pronotuiu and tegmina not vittate.i. General color, dull olivaceouH yellow or testaceous.j. Lower edges of sides of pronotum dirty white. Tegmina notconspersed Iiergil Staljj. Lower edges of sides of pronotum concolorous. Tegmina con-spersed with small fuscous dots robiistulus Stalii. General color, fusco-ferruginous. Inferior portion of sides ofpronotum sordid testaceous didlnguendus Giglio-Tosbb. Hind tibi?e provided with eight spines in the outer row. Tlie tegmina usually,Init not always, abbreviated.
'?. Tegmina fully developed, reaching or even surpassing the apex of the al)do-men and tips of hind femora. Hind femora internally fasciate with black;the tibitB infuscated with a subbasal pale annulus cinctipes, new speciesCO, Tegmina and wings abbreviated, about as long as the head and i)ronotumunited. Hind femora internally largely sanguineous.d. Hind tibiae red pernvianu^ Staldd. Hind tibife glaucous.
e. Larger. Apex of femora wholly and base of hind tibi;e black.cvncenus Stalee. Smaller. Apex of hind femora for most part olivaceous, the base ofhind tibipe glaucous. Outer face of hind femora with upper half fus-cous, the lower half dirty white, inside and below sanguineous.schulzi, BrunerDICHROPLUS LEMNISCATUS (StSl).Acridium [Podisma) lemniscatum StAl, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins. Ortjiopt., 1860,p. 334.Ilahitai.?Not contained in the collections at hand. Previouslyreported from Argentina and Brazil. No doubt also to be found inParaguay. DICHROPLUS FUSCUS (Thunberg).6VyZ/M.s /wscHS Thunberg, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., V, 1.815, p. 235.Pezotettix {Trigonophymtis) fnscus SrAh, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 78.Dichroplus fusciis, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 21.Habitat.?Not contained in the collections at hand, but reported fromResistencia, Argentinian Chaco, and also from the Bolivian Chaco byGiglio-Tos. It certainl}^ also crosses over the river into Paraguay.DICHROPLUS BICOLOR Giglio-Tos.Dichroplus bicolor Giglio-T(^s, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 21.Ilaljitat.?Recorded from Asuncion, Paraguay, by Giglio-Tos; alsofrom northern Argentina and Bolivia. Not represented in the collec-tions at hand. DICHROPLUS ROBUSTUS, new species.A large robust species related to D. cinctipes and D. paraguayensis^but differing from both of them in several particulars, as will be seenfrom an examination of the accompanying synoptic table. As compared
680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voi.. xxx.with cinctfpes, the present species is much larger and lacl^s the decideddusky bands on the sides of the head ))ack of the e3'eS and on the pro-notum, and the hind femora only bear traces of the fuscous bandsacross their upper edge, while the hind tiljifi? are characterized b}" theentire absence of any fuscous tinge. The tegmina of rohusta alsolack the decided conspersing of the species to which it has just beencompared. Its head is slightly narrower than the front edge of thepronotum and the eyes less prominent, while the latter gradual!}' widensfrom the front edge instead of only on the posterior lobe. The teg-mina and wings do not quite reach the tips of the robust hind femora.General color uniform pale brownish testaceous, with a shade of oliveon sides of pronotum, pleura, and outer face of hind femora; head andpronotum with a few scattered small dots of reddish brown; tegminaalso dimly marked with small pale brownish specks, especially in thediscal field and on dorsal edge of basal half; hind femora with theirlower edge dark plumbeous, and a series of five medium-sized blotchesof same color on lower outer carina, upper edge crossed l)}- two well-defined, but not prominent, dusk}' bands, which cross over to the innerface and fade away; antenna^ fuscous, darkest at apex; prosternal spinerather long, coarse, and curved to the rear.Length of body, female, 83; of pronotum, T.T); of tegmina, 2:3; ofhind femora, 18.6 ram.Type.?C&t. No. 9742, U.S.N.M.Jlahitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay; January. W. T. Foster, collector.Two females.DICHROPLUS PARAGUAYENSIS, new species.Size medium, form elongate, but not especially slender. Generalcolor uniform brownish testaceous or dull ferruginous with an oliva-ceous tinge on head, sides of pronotum. and hind femora, most appar-ent in the female, without indications of darker or lighter markingssave at the base of the tegmina, where there is a trace of black on themedian veins, and faint indications of dusky bands on upper edge ofhind femora. Middle of sides of pronotum also provided with theusual piceous band, but very faintly.Body, legs, and even tegmina rather hirsute. Head a little Aviderthan the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput slightly elevated abovethe level of pronotal disk, vertex between the eyes nearly twice thewidth of the first antennal joint, the fastigium depressed, broadly sul-cate; frontal costa a trifie contra(;ted above, evenly widening below,coarsely punctate above and sulcate at ocellus and below. Pronotumwith the anterior lobe cylindrical, a little longer than the posterior one,which has the surface gently punctate and the hind margin a littleobtuse angled, the apex rounded. Tegmina of medium width, a littlesurpassing the apex of both fcmoi-a and alKlomon. Hind femora rather
m. 1461. LIST OF PAEA G UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 681slender, a little sui'passing' the tip of abdomen; hind tibiae 9 spined inouter roAV. The last central segment of male al)domeii elongate, withthe upper edges straig'ht and the apex liluntly rounded, directed pos-teriorl3^ Cerci slender, evenly tapering, fully three times as long asbasal width, directed posterioi'l}^ and a little upwards, and bent inwards.Prosternal spine slender, acuminate.Length of body, male, 23; of pronotum, 5.1,5; of tegmina, 18; ofhind femora, 13 mm.Ti/jH'.?Cat. No. 9713, U.S.N.M.IlahlUd.?Sapuca}^, Paraguay, a single male specimen which seemsto have lost its color by immersion in spirits or some other preserva-tive. This insect seems to approach T). hei'gii Stal most closely in gen-eral structure. DICHROPLUS PATRUELIS Stal.Acridium {Podi.vna) jxitriteUs Stal, Freg. Eugene Resa, Ins. Orthopt., 1870,p. 384.Pezotettix {BicliropJus) jyftfrueUs 8tal, Reoens. Orthopt., 1873, I, p. 78.Hahitat.?Reported 1)}" Giglio-Tos as occurring in the Province ofSan Pedro, Paraguay, and from Resistencia, Argentina. Not repre-sented in the collections at hand.DICHROPLUS EXILIS Giglio-Tos.
' Dichroplm exilis Giglio-Tos, Boll. Miih. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 23.Habitat.?This species is represented by both sexes from Sapuca}^,Paraguay, where the}' were taken l)y W. T. Foster. It is also reportedfrom Paraguay by Kehn. Outside it is known from Resistencia andSan Lorenzo in Argentina.DICHROPLUS ELONGATiJS Giglio-Tos.Plate XXXV r, tig. 10.DirlmipluK dom/(ditt< G\(UAO-ToH, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat., Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 23.IlaVitat.?Villa Rica and Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Notrepresented in the collections studied for this paper. It is more com-mon to the southward and westward.DICHROPLUS PUNCTULATUS (Thunberg).Plate XXXVIII, figs. 3 and 4.Gri/Z/ws ;3Mnc<MZofH.9 Thunberg Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 408.Pezotettix {Trigotiophymux) pxinctnlatm HtAi., Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, ]>. 77.Pezotettix {Dlchroplus) punctulatua Stal, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 1878, p. 6.IIal>ltat.?This, the most widely distributed species of the genus, isrepresented by specimens collected at Sapuca}^ 1)y Mr. W. T. Foster.It occurs from middle Argentina to Central America and southernMexico, and exhibits considerable variation in color and size.
682 PROCEEDIXGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.DICHROPLUS CONSPERSUS Bruner.IHrhropIiiK ronxpiTxiix Bhunek, LocustH of Argentina, 1900, ]i. 78, fig. 4.Ilnlyitat.?Not represented in the collections at hand, but it shouldhe found in southern Paraguay where the country is open.DICHROPLUS DUBIUS, new species.A rather robust, medium sized insect, the general color of which isl)ro\vnish testaceous, jndor benoath, conspersed on legs and tegminawith modci-ately large brownish oi- dull l)lack flecks.Head as wide as front edge of pronotum; eyes not prominent, theirfront edge straight, separated al)Ove b}- a space equal to one-half ofth(Mr longest diameter; fastigium of vertex declivant, broad, hex-agonal, l)()unded on sides by rather prominent carinas, in front by afaint one and open behind; frontal costa fairl}' prominent and ])road,a little widest at ocellus, Hat and coarsel}^ punctate above, broadlj'sulcate at ocellus and below. Pronotum rather broad, considerablywidest on hind lol)e, the anterior lobes a trifle the longest; transversesulci deep, the middle and hind uninterrupted and reaching the lowerlateral edges, the anterior one interrupted just below the dorsum;anterior edge truncate, l)ehind obtusangulate the apex rounded. Teg-mina tapering, their apex rounded, about as long as abdomen. Hindfemora and tibite rather robust, the former as long as, or a little lon-ger than, the abdomen, the latter with 9 si)ines on outer edge. Pro-sternal spine robust but evenly p3'ram idal; interspace between meso-sternal lobes about as long as broad. Hind femora without detinitetransverse bands save as the dusky dots referred to jibove congregateinto two patches on the upper edge; the bounding carina' of outerdisk regularly dark dotted; hind tibiae l)rownish testaceous.Length of ])ody, male IT, female 20; of pronotum, male-l:.'^>r), female5; of tcgmina, male 15, female 14; of hind femora, male 11, femaleIH mm.7y/y>.'.?Cat. No. 0714, U.S.N.M.ITahlfid.?A number of females and ?> males from Sa])ucay, Para-guay, where they were collected by W. T. Foster.DICHROPLUS BRASILIENSIS, new species.There are several specimens of an apparently undescribed speciesat hand that were taken ])y the writer during May, 18i>T, at Victoria,Brazil. Tlu'v are a])out the size of D. Bcryii Stal, and are to be dis-tinguished from all other described species by their deep purple hindtibia'. There is a possibility of this insect being found in I'aragua}^also.
1 1461. LIST OF PARAGUA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 683DICHROPLUS VITTATUS Bruner.Dichroplus vittatKs Bruner, Lofusts 'of Argentina, 1900, p. 77, figs. 43 and 44.Habitat.?Althouo-h not represented in the material at hand fromParagua}^ it i.s sure to o(-cur there when the country is a little morecarefully explored. DICHROPLUS BERGII StEl.Pezotettlv {Dichroplva) bm/li Stal, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 187S, p. 6.Hahitat.?Various localities in Paraguay (Giglio-Tos, Rehn, Foster,Bruner). It is also found in other regions, as Uruguay, Brazil, Argen-tina, and Bolivia. DICHROPLUS ROBUSTULUS Stal.Pezotettix {Dichroplus) rohustulus StAl, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 1878, p. 7.TlaVitat.?Not in the collections at hand, but very likely to be takenin Paraguay as well as in Brazil, from where it was described.DICHROPLUS DISTINGUENDUS Giglio-Tos.Dichroplus distinguendus Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mas. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894,No. 184, p. 22.Hahitat.?Reported as occurring in the Province of San Pedro,Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not represented in the collections studied.DICHROPLUS CINCTIPES, new species.A medium-sized brownish testaceous insect with conspicuousl}^banded hind femora. The two sexes not veiy unequal in size. Ratherprofusely hirsute on legs, abdomen, thorax, and even on the tegmina.Head about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum; the eyesrather prominent, especially in the male, about as long (female) or atrifle longer (male) than the cheeks below them, in both sexes sepa-rated above by a space equal to the l)roadest part of the frontal costa;fastigium of the vertex broadly and shallowly sulcate, the boundingcarina3 angulate and faintly separating it from the sulcus of the frontalcosta; the latter quite prominent, especially between the base of theantenna, a little narrowed above the antennie, and again just belowthe ocellus continuous to the clypeus, sulcate throughout, more deeplyin the male, and provided with strong, smooth, lateral carina^; facialcarinas also prominent, in the male parallel, in the female very slightlysinuate and divergent below. Antenna? liliform, about as long(female) or a little longer (male) than the head and pronotum together.Pronotum with the sides of the anterior lobe cylindrical, smooth,the hind lobe strongly expanding posteriorly, punctate, the two lobesabout equal in length; median carina present onh' on hind lobe; trans-verse sulci profound, continuous; anterior edge straight or very
684 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.
.slij^htly advanced upon the occiput, the hind margin o])tusangiilato,tlic apex broadh' rounded. Tegmina rather narrow, tapering, aboutequaling (female) or a little surpassing (male) the tip of the abdomen.Hind femoi'a only moderatel}' robust, just reaching the tip of the maleabdomen, ])ut not (piite that of the female. Hind tibia? normally pro-vided with eight spines in outer row. Space between the meso-sternal lobes about as long as broad, possibly a trifle broader than longin the female. Prosternal spine pyramidal, about as long as extreme))asal width, the apex acuminate. Male cerci slender, tapering, andcurved slightly dow^iward toward the tip. Last ventral segmentshort, its upper edges straight and meeting behind in an acute angle.General color above brownish testaceous, below paler, more or lessconspersed with brown and black. The usual piceous band extendingfrom the hind edge of eyes along the upper half of sides of pronotum tolast transverse sulcus, somewhat interrupted in the female; below thisthe sides of pronotum and cheeks are pale testaceous, as are also ol)liquebands on ])oth the meso- and metapleura. Antennse pale ferruginous.Pronotum above and tegmina inconspicuously conspersed with brown,the latter with a discal row of rather well-defined fuscous spots, theapical half membranous and semipellucid. Hind femora decidedlybanded with fuscous externally and above; internalW and below withblack and pale testaceous; hind tibiie more or less testaceous anddusk}', w^ith a pale basal annulus. The three basal abdominal seg-ments largely black.Length of body, male, 21 ; female, 2.5; of antenna^, male and female.10; of pronotum, male, 4.6; female, 0; of tegmina, male, 15. ,5; female,17.25; of hind femora, male 11; female, 14 nun.%v.?Cat. No. 9745 U.S.N.M.Il(0>itaf.?Sapucay, Paraguay, February, collected b}' W. T. Foster.Male and female specimens.LEIOTETTIX, new genus.Related to ])oth Dichrophi-s and Scotussa^ but ditiering from theformer in the more cylindrical pronotum with its comijarativel}'shorter hind lobe and in the more ampliate fastigium of th(> vertex;and from th(> latter in having the valves of the ovipositor normalinstead of straight, and the cerci obliquely docked instead of bioadlys})atulate. The representatives of the genus are small or mediumsized.Body with the surface glabrous, hirsute. Head large, fulh^ as wideas or even a little broader than the front (nlge of the pronotum.Eyes a trifle prominent, about as long (female) or somewhat longer(male) than the cheeks below them, separated above by a space equalto the o-ivatest width of the frontal costa in the male and a \ erv little
^^hore m the female. Vertex in front of the eyes ampliated androundly depressed, the sulcation wide and with its lateral wallsbroadly angulate. Frontal costa broadest and most prominent betweenthe antennae, a very little narrowed above, broadly sulcate in thevicinity of the ocellus at least, and coarsely punctate above. Antenntenormal. Pronotum C3'lindrical, a very little compressed in middle,the transverse sulci all equall}^ plain, the last plainly behind the mid-dle; anterior lobe g-labrous at sides, somewhat transverseh' ru?>-oseabove, hind lobe coarsely and closel}^ punctate. Tegmina complete,sparsely veined, a ver}^ little surpassing the apex of abdomen. Hindfemora moderateh^ robust, about the same length as the abdomen inthe two sexes. Space between the mesosternal lobes longer than wide,narrower than the lobes themselves. Prosternal spine acute.The four species of ' Leiotettix before me as I write all agree inhaving the dark bands back of eyes and along the sides of pronotumgreen or greenish instead of piceous or fuscous. These species maybe separated by the annexed synoptic table:The species luridis ma}^ be considered as the type of the genus.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
(I. Size smaller (17 mm. male to 25 mm. female). The hind tibipe green or glaucous.h. General color of insects above grass green, below testaceous. -r/c/d/>, new species66. General color of insect above cinereous.c. Sides of pronotum with scarcely any trace of darker band. Hind femora con-spicuously conspersed with dark brown and black, their inner face testa-ceous punctipes, new speciescc. Sides of pronotum with a conspicuous band. Hind femora not conspersedexternally, their inner side and lower sulcus blood-red.sn)uji(inetis, new speciesaa. Larger (23 mm. male, 28 mm. female). The hind tibii? yellow or testaceous.Jiavipes, new speciesLEIOTETTIX VIRIDIS, new species.A medium-sized, grass-green, locust that at lirst sight reminds oneof a small Atraehelacris unic6loi\ Giglio-Tos, but which upon a littlecloser examination is readily observed to be quite distinct.Head rather large, fully as wide (female) or even a little wider (male)than the front edge of the pronotum; the eyes fairly prominent, fullyas far apart above as the width of the frontal costa between the baseof the antennfe; fastigium of the vertex roundly depressed, the lateralcarinas broadl}^ angulate, in some specimens meeting in front and sepa-rating the sulcation of this part from that of the costa by a faint ridge;frontal costa quite broad, widest above the ocellus and between theantenna;, sulcate, fading awaj" below before reaching the clypeus.Facial carinte but little divergent below, fairly prominent. Pronotumglabrous, short, subcylindrical, a little contracted in the middle, nearly
686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.(female) or quite (male) as wide in front as behind, the front edgebroadly roiindod, the hind margin obtusangulate, median carina prom-inent on hind lobe, obliterated on front lobe, the latter considerably thelong(n'. Tegmina semimembranous, sparsely veined, a little surpass-ing both the abdomen and hind femora in the two sexes, the costal arearather pronnnently dilated on basal third. Hind femora rather robust,fulh^ as long in the male or even a trifle surpassing the tip of the abdo-men in the female. Hind tibise 8 or 9 spined in outer row. Malecerci long, slender, the apical half bent inward and curved down-ward, somewhat lamellate and sulcate on outer face, the extreme tipobliquely docked.General color as mentioned above, grass-green, the sides of prono-tum a little darker where the piceous band usually occurs. Hindfemora green above and on upper half of outer face, remainder 3'ellowor testaceous save the genicular lunules which are dark piceous orblack and a row of similarly colored spots on the lower carina of outerface. Hind tibiw greenish glaucous. Antennae testaceous, apicallvinfuscated. Venter pale, the sides of basal segments of abdomen alittle obscured near their anterior edge.Length of body, male, 19, female, 23; of pronotum, male, 4, female,5; of tegmina, male, 15, female, 16.5; of hind femora, male, 10.5,female, 18.(5 mm.T>/pe.?Cat. No. 9746, U.S.N.M.Ilahifat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, in February, where both sexes weretaken by W. T. Foster.LEIOTETTIX PUNCTIPES, new species.In size and general form (juite similar to Z. ciridis which isdescribed a])ove, but differing from it in having slightl}^ less promi-nent eyes, a somewhat more coarsely punctate and angulate pronotum,and more closely viened tegmina. The color of punctipe.s is cinereo-testaceous or cinereo-feriuginous alcove, flavous beneath, with a traceof the usual pronotal bands and alternate pale and darker meso- andnieta plural stripes. The hind femora have all the upper and outercarinse, as well as the pinna*, conspersed with black or piceous, andthe genicular lunules are dark only on the bounding carinas; hindtibia? cinereo-glaucous, a little varied with brown near base. Sides ofbasal abdominal segments conspicuouslv piceous on their anteriorhalf.Length of bod}', female, 23; of pronotum, 5.15; of tegmina,_18; ofhind femora, 13 mm.Type.?Cat. No. 974T, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?In the same region and along with the preceding species.Also collected by W. T. Foster, 5 females.
LIST F PARA a UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 6 S 7LEIOTETTIX SANGUINEUS, new species.A slenderer insect than either viridis or punctijMs, but to both ofwhich it is rather closely related. Its determinate characters are welldefined dark g-reen pronotal stripes and deep blood-red inside and loweredge of hind femora. The sides of face below the eyes and lower halfof sides of pronotum are flavoiis, as are also a portion of the pleura,venter, and lower part of outer face of hind femora. Above, thegeneral color is ferruginous, in some specimens with an olivaceoustinge near the base of tegmina. Costal field of latter olivaceous, as arethe anterior and middle legs, along with the outer disk of the hindfemora, the latter without dusky spots on the carina?, as described inpunctipes. The hind tibite deep glaucous. Male cerci similar to thoseof mridls. Sides of the four basal abdominal segments largely jetblack. Median carina of pronotum plain throughout.Length of body, male, 18, female, 25; of pronotum, male, 4, female,5; of tegmina, male, 14, female, 16-18; of hind femora, male, 9.5,female, 13 mm.Ty2)e.?C^t. No. 9748, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paraguaj^, January to March, 2 males and 2females. Taken by W. T. Foster.LEIOTETTIX FLAVIPES, new species.In general structure and appearance quite similar to the other speciesof the genus described above, but differing from all of them in thelarger size and the more decided dark pronotal bands. It also remindsone of the species of Scotussa, but it lacks the pale dorsal vittae of bothS. 7nibripes and S. hrasiUe7isls, to which it approaches in size. Ascompared with them it has the head larger, the occiput shorter, thevertex broader and less deeply sulcate, the eyes less elongate andpointed above, the frontal costa broader above and more uniform inwidth, as well as decidedly sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus. Thepronotum is slightly contracted at the middle and the head is a triflewider than its front edge?the sculpturing, punctation, and arrange-ment of the sulci are the same, only the present species lacks the piceousbands on head and sides of pronotum back of the eyes, and in theirstead has them deep green in color. The color of tegmina, body, andlegs are similar, save that in the insect now under consideration thehind tibiffi are testaceous instead of green or coral-red. In some speci-mens the lower sulcus and inner face of the hind femora lack the brightred of hrasUiensis especially.Length of body, male, 24, female, 28-31; of pronotum, male, 4.85,female, 6-6.5; of tegmina, male, 19, female, 20-21; of hind femora,male, 12.25, female, 15.25-16 mm.Ti/j?e.?Csit. No. 9749, U.S.N.M.
688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.Habitat.?Sapucay, Paragua}^, 2 females (Coll. L. Bruner); a num-ber of specimens of both .sexe.s (Coll. U. S. Nat. jNIiis.).In size and general appearance this insect reminds one very much ofa representative of Scotnssa, but the form of the ovipositor in thefemale and the cerci of the male are abnormal for that genus and comemuch nearer to those of Leiofettir.SCOTUSSA Giglio-Tos.SCOTUSSA IMPUDICA Giglio-Tos.Srofussd impudira GiGhU)-Toi^, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 2o, fig. 4 a, b, c.Hah/tat.?Luque. Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Not represented in theParaguayan collections studied. It occurs also in Argentina as farsouth as the southern part of the province of Santa Fe.SCOTUSSA RUBRIPES, new species.General color olive-green, becoming rufous on disk of pronotumand on the tegmina; below greenish yellow. Cheeks and lower halfof lateral lobes of pronotum pale greenish yellow. The latter,together with sides of head back of ej'es, i)iceous; this piceous bandbordered above bj^ a narrow one of testaceous, which gives to theinsect a bivittate appearance, and at first glance suggests a species ofMelaiioplus or Dlckroplus., to which the present genus is closelyrelated, but from which it is readily separated b}' the structure of theupper valves of the female ovipositor, which are unusually long,straight, and slender. Hind tibiii^ and tarsi bright coral-red.Head about as wide as front edge of thorax, the face rather obliqueviewed from the side, the occiput not elevated; width of vertex abouttwo-thirds the shortest diameter of one of the ej^es, fastigium gentlvdepressed, sulcate, the well-detined bounding walls meeting in frontat a right angle; frontal costa broad, narrowed to one-half its widthat ocellus a))ove where it is separated from the vertex b}^ the meetingof the carinas that bound the sulcus, reaching the clypeus, not sulcate;eyes not prominent, about as long as the cheeks below them, slightlypointed above, straight in front; antenna^, liliform, a])out as long ashead and pronotum together. Pronotum minus lateral carina^, withthe anterior lobe cylindrical, the hind lobe slightly enlarging posteri-orly, about two-thirds the length of the front one, transverse sulcidim, posterior edge broadly rounded or sul)angulate, surface of hindlobe profusely but shallowl}" punctate, of anterior one smoother.Tegmina and wings complete, reaching slightly bej'ond apex of hindfemora and ovipositor, the tip rounded, intercalar}' vein well-detined,cross-veins and veinlets few except on basal fourth, where thev are
"numerous and irregular, giving the member a granular appearance.Hind femora moderately robust, not quite reaching the apex of uj)pervalves of ovipositor; hind tibia; with 8 spines in outer row. Proster-
NO. 1461. LIST OF PARAGUA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 689
nal spine moderately robust, pyramidal, directed gently to the rear.Valves of the ovipositor very unequal, the upper ones nearly twice aslong- as the lower, straight, and provided with several small saw-liketeeth along their outer edge on apical half; lower valves weak andhooked at apex and furnished below with a single additional subapicaltooth.Length of body, female, 26; of pronotum, 6; of tegmina, 19; ofhind femora, 13.5; of upper valves of ovipositor, 4 mm.Ti/pe.?Cat. No. 9750, U.S.N.M.Habitat.?A single female specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay.The character of the ovipositor would indicate an abnormal egg-laying habit for this and allied species. Three such are known to me.They may be separated by the annexedTABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF 8PECIES.
a. Hind tibise green or glaucous. Valves of ovipositor tapering, scarcely toothed.impudica Giglio-Tosact. Hind tibiae coral-red. Valves of ovipositor of nearly equal size throughout,plainly serrate.6. Smaller (female, 26 mm.). Spines in outer row of hind tibiae 8. (Sapucay,Paraguay) mbripes, new speciesbb. Larger (female, 31; male, 18 mm.). Spines in outer row of hind tibiae 9.( Sao Paulo, Brazil ) brasiliensis, new species ?PARASCOPAS, new name.PARASCOPAS OBESUS (Giglio-Tos).Scopas obesus Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, IX, 1894, No.184, p. 29.Giglio-Tos proposed Scopas as the generic name for this insect.As it had been preoccupied by Bonapart for a fish genus I suggestthat Parascopas be used for the locust, and that the species obesusGiglio-Tos be made the type of the genus.The collection contains 5 specimens, 2 males and 3 females, fromSapucay (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). There are also a pair, male andfemale, in the collection of L. Bruner. These latter bear the samelabel.
? Some time ago a considerable number of Orthoptera, from southern Brazil wassubmitted to the writer for determination. Among these were 8 specimens of theinsect here tabulated. Aside from being larger and more robust than S. rubripes,which is herewith described rather fully, this Brazilian species has the tegminamore densely veined and the pronotum somewhat expanding posteriorly through-out, as indicated by the diverging pale vittae of the disk. The lower sulcus andinner face of hind femora are deep red, whereas in rubripes they are simply tingedwith orange. As compared with S. impudica Giglio-Tos, brasiliensis has the twosexes greatly unequal in size, as will be seen by the following measurements:Length of body, male, 18-20, female, 31; of pronotum, male, 4.75, female, 6.8; oftegmina, male, 16, female, 22; of hind femora, male, 11.5, female, 16 mm. Eightspecimens, 4 males and 4 females.Proc. N. M. vol. XXX?06 44
(3<)0 PROr'EEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.CHLORUS Giglio-Tos.CHLORUS BORELLII Giglio-Tos.ParadichropUi.s horeUii Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No.184, p. 27.Chlorns horelUi Giglio-Toss, Boll. Miis. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No. 311,p. 50, note.Ilahitat.?Asuncion, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos).CHLORUS VARICOLOR (Stal).Pezotettix varicolor StIl, Obs. Orthopt., Ill, 1878, p. 9.Parudichrophis varicolor GiGLio-Tos, Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 813.Chlorus varicolor (iiGLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XIII, 1898, No.311, p. 50, note.nahltat.?Giglio-Tos reports this insect as coming from Paraguay."Possibly he refers to the insect which is described just beyond.CHLORUS VITTATUS, new species.Dark brownish green, varied on head, pronotum and abdomen withdirty ochraceous. Sides of basal half of abdomen heavil\' marked withjet ))lack. Bod}" and limbs rather strongly hirsute.Head rather large, a ver}^ little broader than the front edge of thepronotum, smooth; eyes large, rounded behind, nearly straight infront, separated above by a space about equal to the width of the frontalcosta between the base of the antennae, a little longer than the cheeksbelow them; fastigium of the vertex somewhat expanding in front,shallowly sulcate, roundly confluent with the upper end of facial costa;latter broad, prominent, a very little narrowed above, broadh' andver}'^ genth' sulcate near the ocellus, and strongly punctate on upperhalf. Antennai filiform, about as long as the head and pronotumcombined. Pronotum subcylindrical, somewhat expanding on hindlobe, without lateral carinte, the median carina distinct throughout,slender, cut back of the middle b}' the last transverse sulcus, all threesulci quite strong; anterior edge truncate, faintlj^ and broadly emargi-nate in middle, hind margin broadl}" rounded or subangulate. Teg-mina l)roadh' oval, rather coarseW veined, their dorsal edges not quitemeeting, extending backward to near the middle of second abdominalsegment. Hind femora rol)ust, a little surpassing the tip of abdomen.Valves of ovipositor slender, pointed, the upper pair a trifle longerthan the lower. Space between the mesosternal lobes a little narrower than the lobes themselves, a trifle widest anteriorly. Prosternalspine pyramidal, acute, directed a little to the rear.As indicated above, the general color of this insect is dark brownishgreen, streaked and otherwise varied with dirty testaceous or ochra-
?See Zool. Jahrb., VIII, p. 813.
NO. 1461. LIST OF I'AliAa UA YAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 69
1
ceoiis. Head back of upper part of eyes and on each side of disk ofpronotura provided with a line of medium width; face, cheeks belowmiddle of eyes, lower half of sides of pronotum, and oblicpie lines onboth meso- and metapleura ochraceous. Abdomen above also of thiscolor. Tegmina dark, with paler veins, g-iving to them a ferruginousappearance. Hind femora veiy deep green, a little paler ])eneath; thehind tibiai dark blue-green, the tarsi testaceous. Antenna? ferru-ginous, infuscated apically.Length of body, female 37; of pronotum, 6; of tcgmina, 5; of hindfemora, 15 mm.Type.?C^it. No. 9751, U.S.N.M.Ilahitat.?Sapucay, Paraguay, January 9 and 10; 2 females; W. T.Foster, collector. EUROTETTIX, new genus.As indicted b}' the synopsis of the Melanopline genera of Paragua}'^,this genus is composed of brachypterous insects, the chief color ofwhich is ferruginous. Related to Chloru^ Giglio-Tos. Body and legsmoderately hirsute.Head large and broad, about as wide as the front edge of the pro-notum; eyes large and prominent, nearl}" twice as long as the cheeksbelow them; vertex but little broader than the width of the basalantennal joint, the fastigium depressed and spatulatel}' deeply sulcate;frontal costa fading before the clypeus. Antennte filiform, a littlelonger than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum with theanterior lobe cylindrical, the hind lobe considerably expanding, muchshorter than the anterior; the transverse sulci quite distinct, frontedge subtruncate, hind edge subangulate or broadly rounded. Teg-mina greatly abbreviate, broadly ovate, their inner edges not quitetouching. Hind femora large and robust, considerably surpassing theapex of the abdomen. Anterior and middle femora robust. The lattera ver}" little enlarged apically, the last ventral segment short, entire atapex; supraanal plate scutellate, the cerci long, slender, pointed, anddecurved at apex. Interspace between the mesosternal lobe nearly orquite as broad as long, but narrower than the lobes themselves. Pro-sternal spine broad at base, short, acuminate.Type of the genus.?The s^qcxqs femoratus described herewith.There are apparentlj^ two species of this genus at hand. They maybe separated as follows:TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SPECIES.
(I. Larger (male, 15.5 mm. ). Hind femora very robust, without indications of dusky-bands across their upper edge; their lower sulcus and tibiae deep purple.femoratus, new speciesaa. Smaller (male, 11 mm.). Hind femora less robust, their upper edge with twodusky bands, the lower sulcus scarlet; tibiae grayish-i)uri)le or lavender.minor, new species
692- PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.EUROTETTIX FEMORATUS, new species.A mcdiuni-.sized brownish ferruginous loc-ust with lobate tegininaand robust femora that greatly surpass the tip of the abdomen in themales.Sides of head, back of e3"es, and pronotum provided with a moderatelybroad piceous band that becomes nmch dinuner on the hind lobe.Lower half of lateral lobes of pronotum, together with the front edgeand an oblique line running to ])ase of hind femora testaceous. Teg-mina uniformly dark ))rown. Sides of basal abdominal segmentslargcl}' piceous. Hind femora above and externally ferrugineo-testa-ceous, the former dotted with fuscous, the latter streaked with piceousalong the middle; inner face and lower edge, together with the sulcus,strongly reddish purple, the greater part of the former dark piceous;genicular lunules pale. Hind tibiai and tarsi rather closely hirsute.Venter and pectus testaceous.Length of body, male, 15.5; of pronotum, 3.75; of tegmina, 3; ofhind femora, 9.35 mm.Type.?Q^t. No. 9752, U.S.N.M.Haljltat.?A single male specimen collected during Octoljcr ]>y W. T.Foster at Sapucay, Paraguay.EUROTETTIX MINOR, new species.This insect dili'ers from friuorata.s chietl}" in its much smaller sizeand in coloration.Length of body, male, 11; of pronotum, 2.85; of tegmina, 2; ofhind femora, 7 mm.Ti/pe.?Cat No. 9763, U.S.N.M.Ilalntat.?Asuncion, Paraguay; 2 male s})ecimcns collected in Sep-tember by the author. The}' were found in a closely grazed pasture.PARADICHROPLUS Brunner.TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF 8PECIES.
n. Hind \A\mv provided with nine spines in outer row./<. ( ieneral color yellowish, tlie dorsum of j>ronotuui and alxloineii dusky. Head
1 )lack b'dohxin. Giglio-Toshit. Oeneral color greenish olivaceous, the dorsum of i)ronotum and ahdomenlight. Head concolorous brnnneri Giglio-Tosan. Hind til)i;e proA'ided with eight spines in outer row./'. Hind tibia' of the ordinary form, the lateral edgi'S not expanded an<l acute.c. JNIoderately robust, the head large. General color ferruginous, irregularlyand obsoletely variegated with greenish fuscous liijxiyictatiiK Giglio-Toscc. More slender, fusiform, the head not large, (ieneral color brownish oliva-ceous _ .fiiKifonnis Giglio-TosIII). Hind tihi;c expanded apically and with the lati-ral edges acute.aberrans GigUo-Tos
LIST OF PARAGUA VAN LOCUSTS?BR UNER. 693PARADICHROPLUS BILOBUS Giglio-Tos.Paradk'hropluii bilobvs GKiLio-Tow, Boll. Mn^. Zool. Aiuit. Torino, XII, 1897, No.302, p. 34.Ilahitat.?This species is recorded only from the Province ofJiijuy, Argentina, and from the Bolivian Chaco. It is quite likelydistributed into Paragua}^ as well. Not in the material studied.PARADICHROPLUS BRUNNERI Giglio-Tos.Plate XXXVII, fig. 5, female; Plate XXXVIII, fig- '>, "lale.Paradichroplus hrunneri Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, JX, 1894, No.184, p. 25.Habitat.?Not in the collections, but reported from Asuncion, Prov-ince of San Pedro, etc. (Giglio-Tos, Bruner). It also occurs in Argen-tina, where it is abundant as far south as Rosario de Santa Fe.PARADICHROPLUS BIPUNCTATUS Giglio-Tos.Poradichroplus bipu7ictatus Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Aiiat. Torino, XII, 1894,No. 184, p. 26.Halntat.?A single female frorh Sapucay, Paraguay, is referredhere. It was collected b}^ W. T. Foster. Reported from Asuncionand the Province of San Pedro (Giglio-Tos). It also abounds innorthern Argentina and the Bolivian Chaco.PARADICHROPLUS FUSIFORMIS Giglio-Tos.Paradichroplus fusiformis GiGhio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, XII, 1897,No. 302, p. 35.Hahitat,?Not contained in the collections, but reported from Asun-cion, Paraguay, San Lorenzo, Province of Jujuy, Argentina, and SanFrancisco, Bolivian Chaco, as well as a couple of localities in Brazil.PARADICHROPLUS ABERRANS Giglio-Tos.Paradichroplus aberrans GiGLio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No.184, p. 28.Habitat.?Reported by Giglio-Tos from the Colonia Risso, on theRio Apa, Paraguay.Judging from the structure of the hind tibire of this insect, asdescribed by Giglio-Tos, it is more or less aquatic in its habits.OSMILIA Stal.The two Paraguayan species of this genus may be separated asfollows:
a. Larger. Base of wings light Ijlnish violacea (Tluinberg)aa. Smaller. Base o^ wings sordid yellowiah-hyaline ubliquu (Thunberg)
694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxx.OSMILIA VIOLACEA (Thunberg).Grifllus riolaceus THVtiBKiui, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 413.Acridium (OKmUid) violaceum StAl, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 68.Osmilia tiolacea Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184,p. 18.Ilahitat.?Several specimens of the two sexes, Sapucay, Paraguay(W. T. Foster); Asuncion and Colonia Risso, Paraguay (Giglio-Tos). Itis also commonly met with in Brazil, Bolivia, and northern Argentina.OSMILIA OBLIQUA (Thunberg).(Irijllus obliquus Thunberg, Mem. Acad. 8t." Petersb., IX, 1824, p. 414.Acridium {Osmilia) ohliquum Stal, Recens. Orthopt., I, 1873, p. 69.Osmilia ohliqua Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mu.s. Zool. Anat. Torino, IX, 1894, No. 184, p. 18.I/abitat.?Province of San Pedro and Asuncion, Paragua}^ (Giglio-Tos); not in collections now studied. Brazil; northern Argentina.EXPLANATION OF PLATES.Plate XXXVI.Fig. 1. C'ephaloccema costulata Burmeister; p. 619:2. Slirapleura variabilis Bruner; p.- 634.3. Sinipta dalmani Stal; p. 630.4. Eupledrotettix conspersus Bruner; p. 637.5. Dichroatetti.v viridifrons Bruner, male; ]). 632.6. Dichroatettix viridifrons Bruner, female; p. 632.7. ParorpJnda graminea Bruner; p. 626.8. Plectrotetlij: 2yiclus^rvmer; p. 636.9. Elseochlora viridicala (Serville), female; ]i. 651.
' 10. Dichrophis elongatus Giglio-Toa; p. 681.Plate XXXVII.Fig. 1. (rfv-rrt /lorrida Philippi ; p. 640.2. Zoniopoda tarsata (Serville); p. 652.3. Zoniopoda omnicolor (Blanchard); p. 655.4. Schislucerca 2Mranensis (Burmeister); ]>. 676.5. Paradichroplus brunneri Giglio-Tos, female; p. 693.6. Diponthus communis Bruner; p. 657.7. Tropinotus Lrvipes Stk\; p. 648.8. Spathalium hispidum, male, Bruner; p. 639.Plate XXX VI II.Fig. 1. Leptysmina pallida Giglio-Tos; p. 658.2. C7iroma/T(s .s/(>//t (Pictet and Saussure); p. 651.3. DicJiroplns jjundidntus (Thunberg); p. 68L4. Dichrophis pnnctulatus (Thunberg); ]). 681.5. Ossa viridis Giglio-Tos; p. 638.6. Paradichroplus brunneri Giglio-Toa, male; j). 693.7. Elxocldora viridicala (Serville), male; p. 651.8. Atrachelacris unicolor Giglio-Tos, female; p. 677.9. Atrachelacris unicolor Giglio-Tos, male; p. 677.10. Alenas Uneatus ^\i\\; p. 668.11. Spathalium hispidum, female, Bruner; ]i. 639.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXVI
\ /
Paraguayan Acridid/e.For explanation of plate see page 694.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXVII
Paraguayan Acridid>e.For explanation of plate see page 694.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXX PL. XXXVIII
Paraguayan Acridid/e.For explanation of plate see page 694.