\ 
.1 
THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF 
FICUS. 
By PAUL C. STANDLEY. 
UPTBODTTCTIOir. 
The best-known representatives of the genus Ficus are the common 
cultivated fig, Ficus carica, and the rubber plant, F, elastica. The 
genus is a very large one, including, according to Engler/ about 600 
species. The actual number is considerably greater, however, for 
many species have been described in the last 25 years, especially 
from Africa and the Philippine Islands. The species are distrib- 
uted throughout the Tropics, but they are most abundant in the East 
Indies and Africa. Thirty-three are reported from the West Indies 
by Warburg in his recent revision of the West Indian representa- 
tives of the genus, and about 50 are known to occur in South America. 
In the present paper 41 species are enumerated for Mexico and Cen- 
tral America. It is a remarkable fact that only two of these are 
common to the West Indies and Central America, and one of them 
is doubtfully indigenous to the latter region. 
The first species to be described from the area here treated was 
Ficus calyculata, published by Philip Miller in 1768/ Unfortu- 
nately the description is so brief that Miller's plant can not be 
identified with certainty. Kunth,3 in 1817, described five new 
species from Mexico. In 1851 Liebmann published * the first exten- 
sive enumeration of the Mexican and Central American species, 
basing his report chiefly upon his own collections and those of 
Orsted. His list included 29 names, most of which were new. In 
1862 Miquel also published5 a list for the same region, which in- 
cluded 40 names, several of them representing new species. Other 
authors have described isolated species, but most of those heretofore 
published from the area under discussion were founded by Liebmann 
1
 In Engl. & Frantl. Pflanzenfam. 31: 89. 1880. 
2
 Gard. Diet. ed. 8. Ficus no. 11. 
3
 In H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 46-49. 
* Dansk. Vid. Solak. Skrivt. V. 2: 31% 333. 
s
 Vorsl. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13: 407-114. 
2 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HEBBABTUM. 
and Miquel. Hemsley, in 1883, listed l 44 species of Ficus from 
Mexico and Central America, a number slightly in excess of that 
recognized by the present writer. 
The nomenclature of the Central American species has been found 
to be in a chaotic state, and the material in American herbaria, as a 
consequence, for the most part incorrectly named. Scarcely any 
attempts, apparently, have been made to identify the species of 
Kunth, Iiebmann, and Miquel, and some of the most distinct species 
have been redescribed, in spite of the fact that the early descriptions 
were usually ample and carefully drawn. 
Chiefly as a result of a better understanding of the characters, 
obtained from the great amount of material now available for com- 
parison, the writer has found it necessary to reduce to synonymy 
many of the early names, and in some cases to unite under a single 
name two or more published by an author at one time. 
While many of our species are constant in their characters, some 
are so variable that two collections may seem to represent quite 
distinct species until intermediate specimens are examined. Some 
characters which have been used to separate species are now found 
to be unreliable. Consequently, it is not improbable that certain 
species here recognized will have to be reduced when still more 
ample collections are obtained. 
Ficus is usually subdivided into five to eight sections or subgenera. 
In the Western Hemisphere only two are represented, Pharma- 
cosyce and Urostigma, the former exclusively American. Attempts 
have been made to divide the genus into several genera, and for a 
time Urostigma and Pharmacosycea were recognized as distinct 
genera. Some authors have united the two American subgenera 
under the subgenus Urostigma, but while the differences between 
the two are not very great, in the case of the Central American 
species they happen to be easily determinable. All recent authors 
have deemed it best to preserve Ficus in its broad sense. 
In making the present revision the writer has examined, besides 
the collections in the National Herbarium, those in the Gray Her- 
barium, the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, and 
the herbarium of the University of California. To the curators of 
those collections he is greatly indebted for the opportunity of study- 
ing the additional material. 
1
 Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 143-148. 
BTANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMEEICAN PIOUS. 8 
SYSTEMATIC TREATMEJTT. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES* 
Receptacles  solitary; involucre  trilobate; stamens   2*   (Sub* 
genus PHARHACOSYCE,) 
Leaf bladee hirtellous or short-pilose beneath; receptacles 
pilose or hirtellous  1- f. gtaucescerw. 
Leaf bladee glabrous or merely scabrous beneath; recepta- 
cles glabrous or nearly so, at least in age, or some- 
times scabrous. 
Young branches densely pilose-sericeous.   Leaf blades 
glabrous, gradually acute or acuminate at the 
apex 2. JFV radulina. 
Young branches glabrous or finely and sparsely puberu- 
lenL 
Lateral veins of the leaf blades vei$r coarse and 
stout, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. apart, about 10 on each 
side; leaf blades very large, 12 to 24 cm, 
long, 6 to 12.5 cm. wide, glabrous, rounded 
and abruptly apiculate at the apex 3. F> timduzii* 
Lateral veins slender, usually not more than 1 cm. 
apart; leaf blades mostly much smaller. 
Leaf blades gradually acute to long-acuminate 
at the apex. 
Blades of the leaves about 4 times as long 
as broad, acute at the base, gla- 
brous 4, F. segoviae. 
Blades of the leaves not more than two 
and one-half times as long as broad, 
usually very obtuse or rounded at the 
base. 
Lateral veins of the leaf blades 14 to 21 
on each side, the surfaces gla- 
brous 5. F* gtabrata. 
Lateral veins usually 12 to 15 on each 
side, the surfaces usually very 
scabrous  6. f. m«ricana. 
Leaf blades rounded or very obtuse at the apex 
or abruptly apiculate. 
Stipules 1 to 1,5 cm, long; leaf blades sca- 
brous, usually apiculate, the lateral 
veins 7 to 12 on each side 7. F. radula. 
Stipules 4 to 6 cm. long; leaf blades gla- 
brous, very obtuse at the apex, not 
apiculate, the lateral veins 14 to 22 
on each side 8. F. crasnuscula. 
Receptacles geminate; involucre bilobate1; stamen 1. (Sub- 
genus URO STIGMA.) 
Involucre very asymmetric, adherent to the receptacle over 
a large portion of its surface, the receptacle attached eccen- 
trically to the peduncle and its main axis thus parallel to 
that of the supporting branch, Receptacles 5 to 10 mm. 
in diameter; leaf blades glabrous. 
Receptacles pedunculate 9. F< Ucoluterm*. 
1
 Very often the involucre appears to have more than 2 lobes, but th is is because 
the lobes are split by the expanding receptacle. 
CONTRIBUTIONS  FEOM  THE  NATIONAL  HERBARIUM, 
Receptacles sessile. 
Leaf blades pointed at the apex, obtuse to acute or apidi- 
late, oval to obovate, never obovate-oval or obovate- 
orbicular. 
Blades of the leaves 5 to 10.5 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, 
the lateral veins scarcely prominent beneath, 8 to 
12 on each wide  10. F. eugeniaefolia. 
Blades of the leaves 8.5 to 17 cm. long, 4 to 9.5 cm. 
wide, the lateral veins prominent beneath, 7 to 9 
on each side  11, F. tuerckheimii. 
Leaf blades broadly funded at the apex, usually rounded - 
oval or obovate-orbieular. 
Blades of the leaves deeply emarginate at the base, the 
lateral veins prominent beneath  12. F. isophUbia. 
Blades of the leaves not a* all emarginate at the base, 
the lateral veins not elevated  13, F. jimenezii. 
Involucre symmetric, free from the receptacle or nearly so, 
the receptacle attached centrally to the peduncle or 
branch, its main axis thus forming an angle with that of 
the supporting branch* 
Receptacles sessile or, in one species, some sessile and others 
pedunculate. 
Leaf blades very large, 20 to 36 cm. long, pubescent 
beneath  14. F, intrairvarginalu. 
Leaf blades smaller, not over 16.5 cm, long and usually 
much smaller. 
Receptacles partly sessile and partly pedunculate on the 
same plant.   Leaf blades nearly as broad as long, 
glabrous or nearly so  15. F. cooML 
Receptacles all sessile. 
Leaf blades cuspidate at the apex, with a long acute 
acumen.   Blades narrowly obovate-oblong, 9 to 
16.5 cm. long, glabrous  16, F. panamtnm. 
Leaf blades not cuspidate at the apex, sometimes 
apiculate or abruptly acuminate, but the acumen 
obtuse. 
Receptacles 12 to 14 mm. in diameter or larger, 
Leaf blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 14 
cm. long  17. F. williamm* 
Receptacles 5 to 12 mm. in diameter. 
Leaf blades deeply cordate at the base, pubescent 
on both surfaces, broadly rounded at the 
apex  18. F. inamoena. 
Leaf blades subcordate to rounded at the base, 
glabrous on the upper surface or nearly so. 
Receptacles 5 to 6.5 mm. in diameter;   leaf 
blades abruptly acute or acuminate at the 
apex, with o^ly 2 to 4 lateral veins on each 
side  19. F. colubrinae* 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN  AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PIOUS- 6 
Receptacles 6 to 12 mm, in diameter;   leaf 
blades broadly rounded to obtuse at the 
apex,    sometimes   short-apiculate,   with 
usually 5 to 7 veins on each aide. 
Stipules more or less persistent, 0.8 to 2.5 
cm. long;   leaf blades mostly obovate- 
oblong  or  obovate,   glabrous.   Recep- 
tacles glabrous  20. F. costaricana. 
Stipules early deciduous;   leaf blades not 
obovate-oblong,    sometimes   orbicular- 
obovate, usually conspicuously pubes- 
cent beneath, 
Involucre small, about 5 mm, in greatest 
diameter, inconspicuous;   receptacles 
glabrous  2L F. iellermanii. 
Involucre large, conspicuous, inclosing the 
receptacle for half to two-thirds its 
length; receptacles finely pubescent 
or in age glabrate  22. F. cotinifotia. 
Receptacles pedunculate. 
Leaf blades conspicuously pubescent beneath. 
Blades of the leaves suborbicular, as broad as long, 
deeply cordate at the base, with tufts of long white 
hairs along the costa beneath, otherwise glabrous. * 23, F+ petiolaris. 
Blades of the leaves usually conspicuously longer than 
broad, the pubescence of short hairs scattered over 
the lower surface* 
Receptacles  8  to  9  mm.   in  diameter,   minutely 
puberulent or glabrate; leaf blades 3 to 5 times 
as long as broad 24. F, donndl-srnitkii. 
Receptacles 10 to 22 mm. in diameter, usually con- 
spicuously pubescent; leaf blades less than two 
and one-half times as long as broad. 
Stipules glabrous or nearly so; receptacles pyriform. 
Leaf blades cordate-ovate or ovate-deltoid 25, J\ palmeri. 
Stipules densely pilose-sericeous; receptacles glo- 
bose* 
Receptacles 10 to 13  mm*  in diameter; leaf 
blades 4,5 to 12 cm. long, usually broadest at 
or near the base. 
Involucres 10 to 15 mm* in greatest diameter; 
receptacles covered with fine appreased 
pubescence or glabrate; peduncles 2 to 4 
mm, long  27+ F, pringlei. 
Involucres 4 to 6 mm. in greatest diameter; 
receptacles short-villous; peduncles 5 to 7 
mm. long  28, F. microchlamys. 
Receptacles 13  to 22  mm.  in  diameter; leaf 
blades 6 to 26 cm. long, broadest at or near 
the middle. 
Pubescence fulvous or ferruginous; peduncles 
2 to 3 mm. long; receptacles 15 to 22 mm. 
in diameter  29, F. velutina. 
Pubescence grayish; peduncles 4 to 9 mm, 
long; receptacles 13 to 17 mm. in diameter, 30, F. lapathifolia. 
6 CONTRIBUTIONS PROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
Leaf blades glabrous beneath or nearly BO. 
Receptacles 4 to 12 mm, in diameter. 
Leaf blades rounded or very obtuse at the apex, 4 to 
5-5 cm, wide, emarginate at the base.   Recep- 
tacles 6 to 8 mm. in diameter  31. F* ovalit. 
Leaf blades acute or acuminate at the apex or con- 
spicuously apiculate, or, if obtuse, less than 3 
cm, wide and not emarginate at the baee. 
Receptacles with a deeply depressed ostiole, 9 to 
12 mm, in diameter; leaf blades lanceolate to 
ovate or lance-oblong, 4 to 12 cm. long, 1,5 to 
4.7 cm. wide  32, F.pad\fbliat 
Receptacles with a plane or elevated ostiole; leaf 
blades obovate, oval, or elliptic-oval. 
Leaf blades mostly obovate; receptacles 5 to 6 
mm. in diameter; lateral veins of the leaf 
blades not prominent 33* jP. otrttediana. 
Leaf blades not obovate; receptacles 8 to 10 mm. 
in diameter; lateral veins of the leaf blades 
prominent. 
Blades of the leaves more than twice as long as 
broad, mostly elliptic-oblong, emarginate 
or subcordate at the base 34. Ft hem&teyam* 
Blades of the leaves lees than twice as long as 
broad, oval, rounded at the base 36. F. UntiginoM* 
Receptacles 15 to 25 mm, in diameter. 
Stipules ferruginous-sericeous.   Leaf blades narrowly 
elliptic-oblong to obovate 36, F. glycicarpa. 
Stipules glabrous or minutely puberulent. 
Leaf blades cuneate-obovate, rounded at the apex. 37. F+ bonplandiana, 
Leaf blades oblong to oval or ovate-oval, broadest 
at or below the middle. 
Blades of the leaves cordate or subcordate at the 
base, with 5 to 9 lateral veins on each side. 
Petioles 3.5 to 7 cm. long; leaf blades bright 
green; receptacles pubescent.. 38. F. jonem. 
Petioles 1.5 to 3.5 cm, long; leaf blades glau- 
cescent beneath; receptacles glabrous 26. F* brandegei* 
Blades of the leaves rounded or emarginate at the 
base, with usually 8 to 13 lateral veins on 
each aide* 
Peduncles about 3 mm, long.   Leaf blades 
oval, 16 to 21 cm. long, 7.5 to 10.5 cm. wide. 39. f. pittieri. 
Peduncles 10 to 13 mm. long. 
Leaf blades emarginate at the base; recep- 
tacles densely puberulent 40. F* goldmanii. 
Leaf blades rounded at the base; receptacles 
glabrous or nearly so 41. F. yucatanentii. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS. 7 
DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES. 
1. Ficus glaucescens (Liebm.) Miguel* Ann. MILS. Bot. Lugd, Bat 3: 300, 1867, 
Pkarmacosycea glaucescens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 332. 1851. 
Pkarmacosycea kernandezii Liebm, Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt V. 2: 332, 185L 
Pkarmacosycea rigida Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 195.1854, not Ficus rigida Jack, 1822+ 
Urostigma protensum Griseb. Bonplandia 1868: 4. 1S5B. 
Pkarmacosycea pseudoradula Miquel, VersL Med, Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13; 414. 
1862. 
Ficus pseudoraduta Miquel, Ann. Mug. Bot Lugd. Bat. 3; 299. 1867. 
Fieus kernandezii Miquel, Ann. Mm. Bot. Lugd, Bat 3: 300. 1867. 
Ficus coybana Miquel, Ann. Mug. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 300. 1867. 
Ficus protensa HemsL Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot* 3: 147. 1883. 
Fieus guadalajarana S. Wats. Proc. Amer, A cad, 26: 151. 1891. 
Large or email tree; young branches brown, at first pilose or puberulent but the 
epidermis soon exfoliating, leaving them glabrous; stipules lance-triangular, 1 to 2 cm. 
long, long-attenuate, puberulent near the base or glabntte; petioles stout, 8 to 23 mm. 
long, densely pilose or puberulent at first but soon glabrous and ferruginous subterete, 
ahallowly canaliculate; leaf blades oval-oblong or obovate-oval, 8 to 23.5 cm. long, 
4 to 11,5 cm, wide, obtuse or rounded at the base, sometimes subemaiginate, 3 or 
6-nerved, rounded or very obtuse at the apex or usually abruptly and obtusely apicu- 
late, scaberulous or glabrate on the upper surface, beneath hirtellous or short-pilose, 
the lateral veins prominent beneath, 7 to 12 on each side, divaricate-ascending, nearly 
straight or arcuate, irregularly anastomosing near the margin, the veinlets loosely 
reticulate, not very conspicuous; peduncles solitary, 0.5 to 2 cm. long, stout, densely 
short-pilose; involucre very small, trilobate, the lobes rounded; receptacles sub- 
globose, 1.5 to 2.5 cm, in diameter, densely short-pilose or hirtellous with white hairs. 
TYPE LOCALITYr Mecapalco and Potrero de Consoquintla, Veracruz*  Type collected 
by liebmann. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED; 
JALISCO: Barranca near Guadalajara! October, 1889, Pringle 2947 (G,* type of 
f+ guadalajarana). 
SINALOA: Foothills of the Sierra Madre near Plomosas, July, 1897, Rose 1767 (N). 
OAXACA: Vicinity of Cuicatl&n, alt. 540 to 750 meters, October, 1894, Nelson 
1684 (N, G). 
MICHOACXN; Hacienda Coahuayula, February, 1901, Emrick 44 (F). 
VERACRUZ: Valley of Cdrdoba, April, 1866, Bourgeau 2249 (G), 
GUATEMALA: Rfo Ocoedto, Department of Quezaltenango, alt. 100 meters, April, 
1892, J. 2>. Smith 2602 (N, G). 
NICARAGUA; Chinandega, on stream banks, January, 1903, C F. Baker 583 (N), 
PANAMA: Around Culebra, Canal Zone, alt. 50 to 150 meters, January, 1911, 
Pittier 2211 (N).   Hospital grounds at Ancrfn,  February,  1911, Pittier 
2728 (N). 
All the specimens cited above agree in having pubescent leaf blades and recep- 
tacles.   They show a rather wide variation in leaf outline, but not more than may 
be expected within a species* 
The type of Pharmacosycea Jtemandezii was collected at Papantla, Veracruz, by 
Liebmann, That of f, rigida, a homonym later replaced by Ficus coybana, was ob- 
tained by Seemann on the island of Coyba, oS the Pacific coast of Panama. 
Urostigma protensum was based upon material collected in Panama by Duchaassiqg. 
The type of Ficus guadalajarana was from Guadalajara, Jalisco. 
1
 The letters in parentheses indicate the herbaria in which the specimens cited are 
found, as follows: N, United States National; G, Gray; F, Field Museum of Natural 
History; 0, University o! California. 
8 CONTRIBUTIONS  FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
2. Ficus radulina S. Wats. Proc* Amer. A cad. 26: 151, 1891. 
Large tree; branches yellowish, the younger ones very stout, densely pilose- 
sericeous with slender white hairs, the pubescence persistent, the epidermis tardily 
exfoliating; stipules nearly linear, 6 to 8 cm. long, attenuate, green, sericeous near 
the base, glabrous above; petioles stout or rather slender, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, sparsely 
hirtello-puberulent; leaf blades oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oval-elliptic, usually 
broadest at the middle but sometimes broadest slightly below the middle, 9 to 18 
cm. long, 3.5 to 8 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded and 5-nerved at the base, not at all 
emarginate, gradually acute at the apex, pale green, coriaceous, scaberulous on both 
surfaces or finally glabrate: peduncles solitary, stout, 3 to 5 mm, long, at first 
puberulent but soon glabrate; involucre very small, trilobate, the lobes rounded; 
receptacles globose, 1,5 to 2 cm. in diameter, spotted with light and deep green, at 
first densely scabrous or scabro-puberulent, finally glabrate; ostiole prominent, conic, 
closed by several thin brown obtuse scales, 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hacienda San Miguel, near Datopilas, southwestern Chihuahua. 
Type collected by Palmer in 1885 (no, L). 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
CHIHUAHUA: Huerachic,  April,   1893,   Hartman 537  (N,  G).   Hacienda  San 
Miguel, 1885, Palmer L (N\ G, type). 
SONORA: Alamos, around a dwelling in the town, March, 1910, Rose, Standtey & 
Russell 12937 (N); December, 1898, Goldman 283 (N, G); March or April, 
1890, Palmer 367 (N, G).   Canyon in Sierra de Alamos, March, 1910, Rose, 
Standley & Russell 12992 (N). 
The native names are given as "nacapuli," "higuera," and "salate,"   The fruit 
is edible. 
The species is very well marked by the densely pubescent young branches, 
3, Fictifi tonduzii Standley, sp. nov, 
A large tree; young branches very stout, gray or brownish gray, glabrous; stipules 
narrowly triangular, long-attenuate, 2 to 2.5 cm, long, deciduous, green, thick, gla- 
brous; petioles very stout, 2 to 5 cm, long, sub terete, eulcate, glabrous; leaf blades oval 
or obovate-oval, 12 to 24 cm, long, 6 to 12.5 cm, wide, rounded to broadly cuneate at 
the base, rounded or very obtuse at the apex and abruptly apiculate, the acumen 
broadly triangular and rounded at the apex, thick-coriaceous, glabrous on the upper 
surface, eublustrous, finely punctate, beneath scaberulous or in age glabrate, very 
prominently veined, the veins whitish beneath, the costa 2.5 to 4 mm, thick, the 
lateral veins very stout, about 10 on each side, divergent almost at right angles, nearly 
straight, anastomosing to form a coarse submarginal vein, the veinlets rather promi- 
nent, coarsely reticulate; receptacles subgloboee, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, scaberulous; 
ostiole closed by several suberect obtuse thin brown scales; bractlets very small, 
rounded; stamens 2. 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 678727, collected at La Gloria de Juan 
Vinas, Costa Rica, altitude 800 to 900 meters, June 4 or 5, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 
3665). 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
COSTA RICA: Bois du Tremedal, pr6s San Ram6n, alt. 1,300 to 1,400 meters, 
April, 1913, Toiuhtz 17658 (N, F).   P&turages de Las Vueltas, alt. 635 meters, 
December, 1898, Tonduz 12869 (N).   GuApiles, Llanuras de Santa Clara, alt. 
200 meters, April, 1894, J. D. Smith 4935 (N, G). 
COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, alt. 1,200 meters, H> H. Smith 1453 (N, G, F), 
The species is a very distinct one, easily recognized among our other members of 
the subgenus Pharmacosyce by the very large, coriaceous leaves with coarse, heavy 
venation, All of the several receptacles of the Costa Rican specimens cited above 
are detached from the stems; consequently it is impossible to be certain whether they 
are sessile or pedunculate, but they are probably pedunculate. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS. 9 
In Captain Smith's no. 4935 the tips of the leaf blades are acute instead of rounded. 
In the Colombian specimens the blades are merely very obtuse and not at all apicu- 
late. In the latter the receptacles have adherent to them a peduncle 12 mm. long* 
Both these collections, which are referred only tentatively to F. tonduzii, were dis- 
tributed as Ficus gutanen&iSi but, judging from descriptions, the latter species is far 
removed from the present plant. 
The common name of the Costa Rican plant is given as "chilamate." 
4. Ficus segoviae Miquel, Ann. Mus* Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 300, 1867. 
Pkarmacosycea angustifolia Liebm. Dansk. Vid, Selsk. Skrivt. V. 3; 333. 1851, not 
Ficus angustifolia Roxb, 1814, 
Young branches brown, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; stipules very narrow, 
tapering gradually from the base to the long-attenuate apex, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, green, 
glabrous; petioles slender, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, glabrous, canaliculate; leaf blades 
elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblong-elliptic, 10 to 20 cm, long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm- 
wide, acutely cuneate at the base and 3-nerved, not at all emarginate, gradually 
acuminate or long-acuminate at the apex, eubcoriaceous, pale green, sparsely sea- 
bemloua when young but soon glabrate, the lateral veins prominent beneath, slender, 
14 to 20 on each side, divergent at an angle of 55 to 60 degrees, arcuate, laxly anasto- 
mosing near the margin, the veinlets not prominent; peduncles solitary, 4 to 5 mm. 
long, very stout, glabrate; involucre very small, reflexed; receptacles globose, 1,6 to 3 
cm. in diameter, at first sparsely ecaberulous but soon glabrate; ostiole prominent, the 
scales broad, rounded, brown; sepals dark ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Segovia, Nicaragua,   Type collected by Orsted. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUERRERO: Can6n de la Mano Negra, near Iguala, August, 1905, Rose, Painter A 
Rose 9381 (N). 
VERACRUZ: Zacuapan, March, 1909, Purpus 3784 (G, F, C). 
GUATEMALA: Capetillo, Department of Zacatep£quez, alt. 1,400 meters, March, 
1892, 7* D. Smith 2604 (N, G). 
The specimens cited and described agree perfectly with the original description, 
except for Liebmann's statement that the leaf blades are obtuse at the base.   The 
species is doubtfully distinct from Ficus glabrata^ but the leaf blades seem to be of 
characteristic outline. 
6. Ficus glabrata H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 2: 47. 1817. 
1 Ficus anthelmintiea Mart, Syst. Mat, Med. Bras. 88, 1843, not F. antkelmintica 
Raeuschel, 1797, 
A large tree, often 30 to 40 meters high; young branches stout, brown or pale 
yellowish brown, glabrous; stipules 5 to 6 mm, long, narrow, tapering gradually from 
the base to the long-attenuate apex, green, glabrous; leaf blades elliptic-oblong or 
elliptic-oval, broadest at the middle, 12 to 23 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm. wide, acute to very 
obtuse at the base and 5-nerved, not at all emaiginate, rather abruptly narrowed to 
the acute or acuminate apex, subcoriaceous or sometimes almost herbaceous, pale 
green, glabrous, the lateral veins prominent beneath, divergent at an angle of 60 
degrees or more, 14 to 21 on each side, approximate, parallel, slightly arcuate, laxly 
anastomosing near the margin, the veinlets nearly obsolete; peduncles solitary, 
7 to 15 mm. long, stout, glabrous; involucre very small, irregularly lobed, the lobea 
obtuse; receptacles subglobose, 1.5 to 4 cm. in diameter, glabrous or very sparsely 
and obscurely ecaberulous; ostiole prominent, about 1 mm. broad; sepals dark 
ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Bojorque and Teneriffe, along the Magdalena River, Colom- 
bia.   Type collected by Bonpland. 
78447—17 2 
10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA: Gualin, Department of Zacapa, alt. 122 meters, December, 1905, 
Kellerman 5009 (N). Berberena, Department of Santa Rosa, alt, 1,000 
meters, November, 1893, Heyde & Lux (J, D. Smith, no, 6235) (N, F, G). 
Casillas, Department of Santa Rosa, alt. 1,300 meters, May, 1893, Heyde & 
Lux (J. D. Smith, no. 4587) (N, G), Laguna Amatitldn, Department of 
Amatitl&n, alt 1,170 meters, March, 1890, J. D. Smith 1945 (N, G). Cubil- 
quitz, March, 1913, von Tihrckheim 4081 (N). 
HONDURAS: Shore of Tela River, near Puerto Sierra, January, 1903,  Wilton 
75 (N). 
EL SALVADOR: Without definite locality, Renson 27 (N), 
COSTA RICA: Taboga, January, 1913, Jiminez 789 (N), 
PANAMA: Along Rfo Dupf, eastern Chiriquf, near sea level, December, 1911, 
PUtier 2539 (N), Along Rfo Fat6, Province of Col6n, alt. 10 to 100 meters, 
1911, Pittier 3880 (N). Hospital grounds at Anc6n, July, 1911, Pittier 3953 
(N). Monte Lino, Gatdn River, Canal Zone, July, 1911, Goldman 1856 (N). 
COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, alt, 660 meters, E. E. Smith 1457 (N, G, F), 2663 (N), 
San Martin de Loba, Department of Bolivar, 1916, Curran 6 (N). 
Known in El Salvador as "amate de Mjo grande/' 
There is little doubt that the specimens cited belong to Kunth's species. Whether 
that is the same as Martiue's Ficus anihelmintica is not certain, in spite of the fact 
that Miquel considered them identical. At any rate, the specific name used by 
Martins is a homonym and not available, 
Ficus anihelmintica was reported by Liebmann* from Veracruz. Whether the spec- 
imens so determined belong to JF. glabrata can not be ascertained without an exam- 
ination of his material. 
6- Fiona mexicana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot Lugd. Bat. 3: 299, 1867. 
Pharmacosycea mexicana Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13: 416, 
1862. 
Large tree; bark pale brownish or yellowish; young branches stout, brown or dull 
grayish brown, usually glabrous but sometimes sparsely puberulent, the epidermis 
very tardily if at all exfoliating; stipules nearly linear, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, attenuate, 
green, glabrous; petioles stout or slender, 1.2 to 3.5 cm. long, scaberulo-puberulent 
or glabrous, canaliculate; leaf blades oval, elliptic-oval, or elliptic-oblong, broadest 
at or slightly below the middle, 8 to 20 cm. long, 2.8 to 8 cm. wide, obtuse at the base 
and 3-nerved, not at all emarginate, gradually narrowed to the acute or subacuminate 
apex, subcoriaceous, glaucous green, scaberulous on both surfaces or finally glabrate, 
the lateral veins prominent beneath, 12 to 17 on each side, slender, divergent at an 
angle of about 70 degrees, parallel, nearly straight, laxly anastomosing near the 
margin, the veinlets very inconspicuous; peduncles solitary, 3 to 8 mm. long, glabrous 
or nearly so; involucre very small; receptacles sometimes conspicuously stipitate, 
globose, about 2 cm. in diameter, spotted, sparsely scaberulous when young but 
moon glabrate; ostiole prominent, very small, closed by broad, obtuse, dark brown 
scales; sepals ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico,   Type collected by Schiede, 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
SAN LUIS POTOSI: River banks, Tamasopo, December, 1891, a tree 15 to 18 meters 
high, Pringle 5067 (G).   River banks, Micos, a tree 18 to 21 meters high, 
July, 1891, Pringle 5108 (G).   BascAn, June, 1905, Palmer 679 (F, C), 
SINALOA; Villa Unidn, April, 1910, Rose, Standley & JZwWC 13924 (N), 13905 (N). 
Guadalupe, April, 1910, Ro$et Standley tfr Rwsell 14772 (N).   Culiac&n, 
April, 1910, Rase, Standley & Russell 14911 (N). 
1
 Dansk. Vid, Selsk. Skrivt. V. 8: 331.1851. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICT7B. 11 
TEMC: Tres Marias Islands, May, 1897, Maltby (N). Maria Madre Island, May, 
1897, Nels<m 4261 (N, G), Acaponeta, on a dry hillside, April, 1910, Rose, 
Standley & Russell 14443 (N); June, 1897, Rose 3123 (N). San Juan, near 
Tepic, September, 1894, Eisen (N). Between Conception and Acaponeta^ 
July, 1897, Rose 1897 (N). 
COLIMA: Colima, 1897, Palmer 79 (G).   Plain of Colima, June, 1906, Fernow (G). 
Paso del Rio, November, 1906, Emrick 211 (F). 
JALISCO: Ixtapa, alt. 600 to 900 meters, April, 1897, Nelson 4138 (N), 
GUERRERO: Near Iguala, by streams, alt, 900 meters, July, 1907, Pringle 13941 (N). 
MICHOACAN: Ostula, November, 1906, Emrick 107 (F). 
OAXACA?: Roadside between Hacienda del Capricho,  Guerrero, and   Llano 
Grande, Oaxaca, alt. 60 to 90 meters, February, 1895, Nelson 2327 (N,G). 
YUCATAN: Aguada Calotyaxek, March, 1866, Schott 783 (F), 
Those of the specimens cited which have ever been determined specifically were 
referred to Fiaus radula and JF. radulina. From the latter the present species is clearly 
distinct in its glabrous branches, Ficus radula is not known at present in Mexico 
except from Yucatdn. Fiaus mexicana differs from it in having gradually acute or 
acuminate leaf blades, but it may not be sufficiently distinct to rank as a species. 
Specimens reported as Fiaus radula by Liebmann1 from Punta de San Augustfn,, 
Oaxaca, and Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz, are probably F. mexkana. 
Some variation is exhibited by the present series of specimens. In Rose's no. 
1897, from Tepic, the leaf blades are very thick and are sometimes slightly lustrous 
on the upper surface, and the receptacles are long-stipitate* In Nelson's no. 4361, 
from Marfa Madre Island, the stipules are longer than in any of the other specimens. 
The specimen collected by Eieen has very narrow blades, 
Miguel's original specimens were without fruit, but his description of the vegetative 
characters agrees well with the present material. The grounds for his statement that 
the leaves of F. meocicana are narrower than those of F. anthelmintica, with which he 
compares it, are not easily understood, for judging from his own descriptions of both 
species the proportions of the leaf blades seem to be practically the same. 
The present species is one of the strangler figs. It is very abundant on the coastal 
plain of Tepic and southern Sinaloa. 
7, Picas radula Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1144. 1806. 
Pharmacosycea radula Liebm. Danak, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V, 2: 330. 1851. 
Large or small tree; branches brownish gray, the young ones ferruginous, at first 
sparsely puberulent but soon glabrate; stipules lance-triangular, 10 to 35 mm. long, 
long-attenuate, minutely puberulent or glabrous: petioles stout, 0,6 to 2,8 cm. long, 
glabrous or nearly so, ferruginous or grayish, canaliculate; leaf blades oblong, obovate, 
obovate-oblong, or oval, usually broadest above the middle, 8 to 16.5 cm. long, 3.5 to 8 
cm. wide, narrowed to the obtuse or acutish, 5-nerved, subemarginate base, rounded or 
very obtuse at the apex and usually abruptly short-acuminate, the acumen obtuse or 
acutish, thin-coriaceous, pale green, subscaberulous above, scaberulous beneath, the 
lateral veins very prominent, 7 to 12 on each side, divaricate-ascending, subarcuate, 
anastomosing to form a submargioal vein, the veinlets prominent, closely or laxly retic- 
ulate; peduncles solitary, about 5 mm. long, stout, scabrous; involucre very small, 
trilobate, the lobes broadly rounded; receptacles subglobose, 1.5 to 3 cm. in diameter 
scabrous; ostiole very small, closed by numerous brown scales. 
TTPE LOCALITY: Forests of the Orinoco and Rio Negro, Venezuela. Type col- 
lected by Bonpland. 
1
 Danak. Vid. Selsk. SkrivL V. 2: 331. 1851. 
12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
YUCATAN: Chichen Itz&, 1901, Goldman 552 (N, F).   Puerto Morelos, in and 
along mangrove swamps, March, 1901, Goldman 614 (N, F). 
COSTA RICA: Forests about Nicoya,  January,  1900,   Tonduz 13718 (N).   Rfo 
Mara villa, Alajueia, alt. 925 motors, Jiminez 538 (N).   Moin Hill, near Lim6n, 
June, 1898, Pittier 12403 (N).   Taboga, January, 1913, Jim&nez 798 (N). 
PANAMA: Vicinity of Penonom6, 1908,  WilliaTns 251 (N).   Chepo, Province of 
Panama, alt 60 meters, October, 1911, Pittier 4757 (N). 
COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, alt. 75 meters, J5T H. Smith 1456 (N, G, F). 
VENEZUELA: Bobures, November, 1914, Jahn 361 (N), 
Warburgl reports the epeciea also from Trinidad and Surinam. 
The species of the subgenus Pharmacoayce are very closely related.   The material 
at hand is not so ample as might be desired, and the writer suspects that, with a larger 
series of specimens, some of the species here recognized will have to be reduced to 
synonymy.    The amount of pubescence on the leaf blades, which has been depended 
upon for separating the species, is not improbably an unreliable character. 
8. Picua crassiuscula Warb, sp. no v. in herb. 
Large tree with rounded crown; young branches stout, brown, glabrous or minutely 
puberulent; stipules linear-oblong, 4 to 6 cm. long, fi mm, wide at the base, long* 
acuminate, green or dark brown, coriaceous, glabrous, or puberulent near the base; 
petioles 2.5 to 4 cm. long, stout, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-obovate, broadly obovate- 
elliptic, or oval, 10.5 to 23 cm, long, 5 to 11 cm, wide. obtuse or rounded at the base, 
rounded at the apex or very obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, often lustrous on the upper 
surface, the costa stout, the lateral veins conspicuous beneath, 14 to 22 on each side, 
divergent at an angle of 60 to 85 degrees, arcuately anastomosing near the margin, the 
veinlets inconspicuous; peduncles solitary* 2 cm. long, stout, glabrous; involucre 
small, trilobate, the lobes rounded, glabrous; receptacles obo void-globose, 2 cm, in 
diameter, glabrous or nearly so, rose-colored at maturity; oatiole prominent; sepals 
dark ferruginous. 
Type in the U, S. National Herbarium, no, 472427, collected at La Fortuna, Volcin 
de Irazu, Costa Rica, altitude 1,575 meters, July, 1901, by E. Pittier (no. 16150). 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
COSTA RICA: Carrillo, January, 1908,   Tonduz  17435 (N),   Santo  Domingo de 
tiolfo Dulce, March, 1896, Tonduz 9887 (N). 
PANAMA: Ancdn, Canal Zone, November, 1913, Mell (N)t 
Native name in Costa Rica given as "chiiamate," 
Material of the type collection was sent by Mr, Pittier several years ago to Warburg, 
who assigned to it the name here published.   Ficus cra&sitLSCula is closely related to 
F. radula, but is distinguished by the long stipules and large, glabrous leaf blades, 
these not apiculate at the apex and with more numerous lateral veins. 
G, Ficus tecolutenflia {Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd* Bat 3: 299.1367. 
Urostigma teeolutense Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 324, 185L 
Young branches fulvous, glabrous; stipules 1 to l 5 cm. long, long-acuminate, dark 
brown, glabrous, deciduous; petioles stout, 1 to L5 cm. long, glabrous; leaf blades 
oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-oval, sometimes somewhat obovate, 6 to 10.5 cm. 
longy 2 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse at the base and sometimes subemarginate, 5-nerved, obtuse 
or acutish at the apex, subcoriaceous, concolorous, glabrous, the costa stout, prominent 
beneath, the lateral veins very slender, scarcely prominent, 7 to 9 on each side, diver- 
gent at an angle of 50 to 60 degrees, laxly anastomosing near the margin; peduncles 
geminate, short, stout; receptacles attached laterally near the base, depressed-globose, 
5 to 8 mm, in diameter, glabrous, the ostiole depressed, 2.5 mm. broad, closed by 3 
thin brown scales; involucre bilobate* inconspicuous, 5 to 6 mm. long, partly attached 
to the receptacle, the lobes rounded, brown, minutely puberulent or glabrate outside. 
1
 In Urban, Symb. Antiil. 3: 484, 1903. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PICUS. 13 
TYPE LOCALITY: Tecoluta, Veracruz.   Type collected by Liebmann, 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
VERACRUZ: Tecoluta, Liebmann (Gr type collection). 
YUCATAN; Buena Vista, 1899, Gaumer (F). 
GUATEMALA: Alotenango,   Department   of   Zacatep&juez,   alt.   1,500   meters, 
March, 1892, J. D. Smith 2605 (N, G). 
The Yucat&n specimen has only immature receptacles, hence the determination 
is doubtful. 
10. Ficua eugeniaefolia (Liebin/) Hemsl. BioL Centr, Amer. Bot 3: 144, 1883. 
Uro&tigma eugeniaefolium Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 329. 1851. 
Young branches fuscous, glabrous; stipules 1 to 2.5 cm, long, long-acifminate, firm, 
dark brown, grayish-puberulent outside or glabrate; petioles rather slender, 1,5 to 3 
cm* long, glabrous; leaf blades obovate, broadly obovate, or elliptic-obovate, 5 to 10*5 
cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, narrowed to the obtuse 5-nerved base, obtuse, acute, or 
rounded at the apex, sometimes obscurely apiculate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, the 
costa coarse and prominent, the lateral veins slender* slightly prominent beneath, 8 
to 12 on each side, divergent at an angle of 60 to 90 degrees, parallel, arcuately anas- 
tomosing near the margin; receptacles sessile, geminate, globose or depressedf about 
1 cm, in diameter, glabrous, attached laterally near the base, the ostiole slightly 
prominent, closed by 2 valvate scales; involucre bilobate, united with the base of 
the receptacle, the free portion of the lobes broadly rounded, thin, glabrous, at first 
completely inclosing the receptacle but at maturity about two-thirds as long. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Ujaras, Costa Rica.   Type collected by Liebmann. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED; 
EL SALVADOR: Without definite locality, Renson 96 (N). 
Renson'e collection, upon which the above description is based, agrees well with 
Liebmann's description, except in the length of the petioles, which is given as 4 to 
8 mm.   Liebmann gives the vernacular name in Costa Rica as "soto de caballo." 
11. Ficua tuerckheimii Standley, sp. nov. 
Large tree with branching trunk and elongate crown; young branches brownish, 
glabrous; stipules deciduous, 1.5 to 4.5 cm, long, narrow, long-acuminate, glabrous, 
or minutely puberulent outside; petioles 1.5 to 5.5 cm. long, stout, glabrous; leaf 
blades oval or oval-oblong, 8,5 to 17 cm. long, 4 to 9.5 cm, wide, obtuse or rounded 
at the base or rarely acute, not at all emarginate, 5 or 7-nerved, obtuse or rounded 
at the apex and short-apiculate, with a broad obtuse acumen, coriaceous, glabrous, 
green above, slightly paler beneath, the costa coarse and very prominent, the lateral 
veins slightly prominent beneath but slender, 7 to 9 on each side, divergent at an angle 
of 45 to 50 degrees, nearly straight, laxly anastomosing near the margin; receptacles 
geminate, sessile, attached laterally near the base, depressed-globose, 8 to 10 mm, in 
diameter, often more or less compressed laterally, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, the 
ostiole not prominent, closed by 2 dark brown valvate scales; involucre bilobate, 
united with the base of the receptacle, the free portion of the lobes broadly rounded, 
minutely puberulent or glabrate, at maturity about two-thirds the length of the 
receptacle, at anthesis equaling and closely inclosing the receptacle. 
Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no. 472426, collected at La Fortuna, Volc&n 
de Irazti, Costa Rica, altitude 1,575 meters, July, 1901, by E. Kttier {no. 16149), 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA: Cobin,  ait,  1,350 meters,  December,  1907,  von  Tiirckheim II. 
2092 (N). 
COSTA RICA: Rio Turrialba, Province of Cartago, alt. 500 meters, March, 1894, 
J, Z>. Smith mi (N, G). 
Fiats tvAvchheimii is closely related to F. jimeneziu but differs in the larger, propor- 
tionally narrower, pointed leaf blades with more prominent venation. 
14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
12. Ficus ieophlebia Standley, op. nov. 
Tree of medium size; young branches fulvous or brownish, glabrous; stipules 2 to 4 
cm. long, narrow, long-acuminate, firm, brown, glabrous; petioles stout, 3 to 4 cm, 
long, i/labrous; leaf blades broadly obovate-oval or orbicular-obovate, 7 to 9.5 cm* 
long, 5 to 7 cm. wide, rounded and deeply emarginate at the 5-nerved base, broadly 
rounded at the apex, subcoriaceous, glabrous, bright green, concolorous, the costa 
prominent beneath, the lateral veins evident but scarcely elevated, 6 to 8 on each 
aide, divergent at an angle of 50 to 60 degrees, nearly straight, arcuately anastomosing 
near the margin; receptacles geminate, sessile, attached laterally near the base, sub- 
globose, more or less laterally compressed, about 9 mm. in diameter, puberulent or 
glabrate, the ostiole prominent, closed by 3 dark brown scales; involucre covering 
and attached to the lower third of the receptacle, the free portion bilobate, the lobes 
very thin, rounded, glabrous or sparsely puberulent. 
Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no, 676949, collected in the vicinity of 
^ id, Chiriquf, Panama, altitude 30 to 80 meters, February 25, 1911, by H, Pittier 
<no. 2821). 
A specimen from Charco, Costa Rica, JimSnez 1001, is referred here doubtfully. 
Ficus isopklebia is related to F, jimenezii but differs in having the leaf blades deeply 
emarginate at the base and more conspicuously veined. The receptacles have an 
-excentric point of attachment as in that species, but the point is basal rather than 
lateral* The few receptacles present on the type specimen, moreover, are not at all 
depressed. 
13. Ficus jimenezii Standley, sp. nov. 
Young branches grayish or fulvous, glabrous; stipules 1 to 1,5 cm. long, broad, 
acuminate, dark brown, grayish-puberulcnt outside, deciduous; petioles stout, 1,7 to 
3 cm, long, glabrous; leaf blades obovate-oval, oval, or oblong-obovate, 4.5 to 11 cm* 
long, 3.5 to 6 cm. wide, rounded or very obtuse at the base, not at all emarginate, 
broadly rounded at the apex, coriaceous, dull greent concolorous, glabrous, the 
costa coarse and slightly prominent beneath, the lateral veins very slender, 
immersed, 6 to 9 on each side, divergent at an angle of 55 to 80 degrees, arcuately 
anastomosing near the margin; receptacles geminate, sessile, attached laterally, 
depreseed-globose, 5 to 8 mm, in diameter, glabrous or minutely puberulent, the 
ostiole prominent; involucre bilobate, the lobes broadly rounded, thin, minutely 
puberulent outside or glabrate. 
Type in the U. 3. National Herbarium, no. 861424, collected in the vicinity of 
San Jos£, Costa Rica, November, 1910, by A. Tonduz and CH/m Jimenez (no, 17536), 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
COSTA JIICA: Vicinity of San JOS^, November, 1910, Toviduz & Jim fritz 17537 (N), 
17544 (N). Without locality, November, 1910, Herb. Nac. Costa Rica 17547 
(N).   San Francisco do Gnadalupe, October, 1910, Jimenez 15 (N). 
Ficus jimenezii is not very closely related to any Central American species heretofore 
published. It is remarkable for the strongly excentric attachment of the receptacles, 
these, although decidedly depressed, being so attached that their axis is parallel to 
that of the branch* The involucre is bilobate, but instead of being free from the 
receptacle, as in most species, it is firmly attached to it over a large portion of its 
surface, 
14. Ficus intramarginalis{Liebm.) Miquel, Ann, Mua. But, LugtL Bat. 3:297. 1867, 
Utostvjma intramargiuate Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Se ek. Skrivt. V. 2: 328. 1851. 
Large tree; young branches stout, trigonous, rugose, glabrous; leaves approximate, 
the petioles eubcompressed, 5 to 0 em. Jong, striate, pubescent; stipules 5 cm, long, 
elongate, puberulent; leaf blades ova to or elongate-ovate, 20 to 30 cm. long, 14 to 
18 cm. wide, subcordatc at the base and 7-norved, sub obtuse at the apex, bright green, 
lustrous and glabrous on the upper surface, beneath fulvous green, pubescent, fulvous- 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICTTS* 15 
lanate along the nerves, becoming glabrate, the lateral veins prominent beneath* 14 
on each aide, parallel, arcuately anastomosing near the margin, the veinleta reticulate; 
receptacles sessile, depressed-globose, 12 mm. long, 24 mm, broad, subpilose, finally 
glabrate; ostiole closed by 2 rufous-pilose scales; involucre bilobate, the lobes ovate, 
obtuse, fulvous-pilose. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Turnalba, Costa Rica.   Type collected by Orsted. 
There is probably to be referred here a specimen collected near Cachf, Reventaatfn 
Valley, Costa Rica, at an altitude of 1,000 meters, March, 1902, by Brade (no. 16349). 
This locality is in the same region as Turrialba, Unfortunately* the specimen con- 
sists only of leaf blades, but these agree well with Liebmann's diagnosis except that 
they are even larger than in his specimens. 
Fkus intramarginalis has the largest leaves of all the North American species. 
The blades of Brade's collection are 33 and 36 cm, long and 21 and 25 cm. wide, acutish 
at the apex, and with 13 or 14 lateral veins on each side. 
15* Picas cookii Standley, sp. nov. 
Branches very stout, gray or brown, the young ones minutely puberalent or glabrate; 
stipules deciduous, 10 to 16 mm. long, broad, brown, obscurely puberulent or glabrous; 
petioles stout, 2.5 to 7.5 cm, long, glabrous; leaf blades broadly oval to rounded-oval 
or orbicular-ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, 4.4 to 8.5 cm. wide, shallowly cordate at the base 
and 5 or 7-nerved, broadly rounded at the apex and sometimes very shortly apiculate, 
coriaceous, green above, slightly paler beneath, glabrous or when young slightly 
puberulent beneath, the lateral veins 8 to 10 on each side, coarse, divergent at an 
angle of 65 to 85 degrees, nearly straight, arcuately anastomosing near the margin; 
receptacles geminate, subgloboee, about 1 cm, in diameter, red or pinkish, glabrous, 
the ostiole slightly elevated, closed by 3 broad thick bracts; involucre about two- 
thirds as long as the receptacle and closely investing it, bilobate, the lobes broadly 
rounded, brown, rigid, finely puberulent outside; receptacles partly sessile and partly 
pedunculate, the stout peduncles equaling or shorter than the receptacles. 
Type in theU. S. National Herbarium, no. 860257, collected at San Vicente, Chiapas, 
Mexico, June 5, 1906, by O. F, Cook (no. 73). 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED; 
CHIAPAS: San Vicente, June, 1906, Cook 74 (N); April, 1904, Goldman 891 (N). 
Soyotit&n, March, 1904, Goldman 781 (N).   ComitAn, April, 1904, Goldman 
832 (N); June, 1906, Cook 108 (N). 
GUATEMALA: San Andrds, Huehuetenango, May, 1906, Cook 52 (N). 
Ficus cookii differs from all the other species of Mexico and Central America in 
having both sessile and pedunculate receptacles. In some respects it answers to the 
description of F. calyculata Mill., but the diagnosis of that species is too incomplete to 
admit of a reliable identification. Moreover, Miller's statement that the fruit of his 
plant was "the size of a middling nutmeg" seems to indicate some species with 
larger receptacles. 
16. Ficus panamensis Standley, sp. nov. 
Young branches brownish, puberulent or glabrous; stipules about 2 cm* long* 
deciduous, narrow, grayish-puberulent outside; petioles rather slender, 1 to 3*5 cm. 
long, minutely puberulent or glabrate; leaf blades narrowly obovate-oblong or some- 
times oblong, 9 to 16.5 cm, long, 4 to 5.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded and emarginate 
at the base, rounded and abruptly cuspidate at the apex, the narrow acumen 8 to 
]2 mm. long, obtuse or acute, green on both surfaces, sublustrous on the upper sur- 
face, thin, glabrous; receptacles geminate, sessile, subglobose, about 1 cm. in diameter, 
slightly longer than broad, glabrous, the ostiole prominent, closed by 2 large and one 
very small bract, these suberect, the receptacle thus mamillate at the apex; involucre 
bilobate, about fi mm. long, the lobes rounded, minutely puberulent, spreading. 
16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 678988, collected along the Rfo Fatd, 
Province of Col6n, Panama, altitude 10 to 100 meters, epiphytic upon a tall Sloanea, 
July or August, 1911, by H. Pittier (no, 3908). 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
TABASCO: Near Atasta, December, 1889, Rovirosa 682 (N). 
HONDURAS: Along bank of Highland Creek, Puerto Sierra, January, 1903, Wilson 
44 (N). 
PANAMA: Rio FattS, Province of Coltin, 1911, Pittier 3893 (N), 
COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, H. 1L Smith 2106 (N, G, F). 
Ficus panameims is similar in most characters to F. hemskyana (see p, 29), but is 
distinguished by its sessile or nearly sessile receptacles.   The leaf blades, too, are 
narrower and have a longer, narrower acumen. 
17* Ficus wdlliamsii Standley, sp. nov. 
Small tree; branches grayish, the young ones stout, puberulent, becoming glabrate; 
stipules triangular-oblong, 13 mm, long, thin, dark brown, strigose outside with stiff 
fulvous hairs; petioles stout, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, pruinose; leaf blades oblong or elliptic- 
oblong, 10 to 14 cm. long, 5.3 to 6.3 cm. wide, slightly narrowed toward both ends, 
obtuse at the base, subemarginate and 3-nerved, obtuse at the apex and acutely 
short-apiculate, coriaceous, glabrous, lustrous on the upper surface, the lateral veins 
prominent beneath, 9 or 10 on each side, distant, divergent at an angle of 60 degrees, 
straight, laxly and arcuately anastomosing near the margin, the veinlets obscure; re- 
ceptacles geminate, sessile, subglobose (very immature in specimen), 12 to 14 mm. 
in diameter, densely and minutely grayish-puberulent, the ostiole not prominent, 
triangular, 2.5 mm. broad; involucre bilobate, 11 mm. broad, the lobes rounded, thin, 
brown, pruinose-puberulent; sepals ferruginous. 
Type in the U S. National Herbarium, no. 678105, collected in the vicinity of 
Penonom£, Panama, February or March, 1908, by R. S. Williams (no. 404). 
In leaf texture this resembles Ficus goldmanii, but that has proportionally narrower 
leaves and different receptacles, which are borne on long peduncles. 
18, Ficus inamoena Standley, sp. nov* 
Older branches brownish gray, the young ones pale brownish, hirtellous with whitish 
hairs; stipules broadly triangular, 5 to 7 mm. long, acute, ferruginous, puberulent 
and sparsely strigose on the outer surface; petioles stout, 8 to 15 mm. long, hirtellous, 
deeply canaliculate; leaf blades rounded-oval, broadest slightly above the middle, 
6 to 9 cm, long, 4*5 to 6.5 cm, wide, deeply cordate at the base, the sinus very narrow 
or the lobes slightly overlapping, broadly rounded at the apex and sometimes sub- 
emarginate, coriaceous, grayish green, short hirtellous on both surfaces and velvety to 
the touch, the lateral veins prominent on both surfaces, 5 or 6 on each side, distant, 
divergent-ascending, slightly arcuate, laxly anastomosing near the margin, the costa 
anastomosing below the apex with the lateral veins, the veinlets very conspicuous, 
coarsely reticulate; receptacles geminate, sessile, depressed-globose, 10 to 11 mm. 
broad, glabrous, the ostiole not elevated, 2 mm. broad, closed by 2 truncate scales; 
involucre bilobate, the lobes rounded, pilose-strigosc; sepals ferruginous. 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 860244, collected at Joyabaj (El QuicW), 
Guatemala, May 11, 1906, by O. F. Cook (no. 22), 
Related to Ficus cotinifolia, but amply distinct in the deeply cordate leaf blades 
and small involucres. From F. helUrmanii it is distinguished by the deeply cordate, 
broader, more pubescent leaf blades. 
18* Ficus colubrinae Standley, sp. nov. 
Older branches grayish or light brown, the young ones stout or often slender, densely 
pilose-strigose with long sordid hairs, tardily glabrate; stipules narrowly triangular, 
5 to 8 mm, long, long-acuminate, densely pilose-strigose outside, or glabrate above, 
thin, ferruginous; petioles stout, 8 to 24 mm. long, densely pilose-strigose; leaf blades 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS. 17 
oval, obovate-oval, or oval-oblong, 4.5 to 9.5 cm. long, 2.2 to 5.2 cm. wide, rounded 
or very obtuse at the base, usually 5-nerved, sometimes subemarginate, rounded or 
very obtuse at the apex and very abruptly contracted into a triangular, obtuse or 
acutish acumen 1 cm, long or shorter, subcoriaceous, deep green, concolorous, finely 
punctate on the upper surface, pilose-strigose along the veins beneath, elsewhere 
obscurely puberulent, glabrate in age, the lateral veins prominent beneath, 2 or 3 or 
rarely 4 on each side, strongly ascending, arcuate, laxly anastomosing near the margin f 
the veinleta inconspicuous; receptacles geminate, sessile, subgloboae, 5 to 6.5 mm. 
in diameter, glabrous, green streaked with red, the ostiole not prominent, closed by 
3 very broad obtuse scales; involucre very small, bifobate, the lobes rounded, pilose 
at the base with rigid hairs; sepals blackish brown. 
Type in thelJ. S, National Herbarium, no. 860679, collected at Cubilquitz, Depart- 
ment of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, altitude 350 meters, July, 1907, by H. von Tiirck- 
heim (no. II. 156; distributed as Ficus sapida). 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA: Near the Finca Sepacuit^, Department of Alta Verapaz, March> 
1902, Cook & Grigga 26 (N),   Cubilquitz, alt. 350 meters, 1900, von Turckheim 
(J. D. Smith, no, 7668; distributed as F. harlwegii) (N, G). 
COSTA RICA: In pasture bordering road, Euena Vista, road to San Carlos Valley, 
alt. 600 meters, April, 1903, Cook & Doyle 116 (N),   Santa Clara, September, 
1896, Cooper 10242 (N).   Forete de Las Vueltas, Tucunique, alt. 635 to 700 
meters, March, 1899, Tonduz 13284 (N). 
Known in Guatemala as "mato palo." 
This species has been confused with Ficus hartwegii Miquel, a Colombian plant, to 
which it appears to be related, but which differs in having pubescent recepta- 
cles, more numerous lateral veins, and a different kind of pubescence on the branches 
and leaves. The leaves suggest those of some species of the genus Colubrina, hence 
the specific name. 
20. FicuB coataricana (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann* Mus. Bot, Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 1867. 
Urostigrna coslaricanuiri Liebm, Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt, V. 2: 322. 1851. 
? Urostigma warzewkzii Miquel, Versl, Med, Kon, Akad. Amsterdam 13: 410. 1862, 
?Ficxis warczewicm Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 1867, 
Tree of large or medium size; young branches stout, grayish or brownish, glabrous 
or sometimes hirsute when young; stipules 0,8 to 2,5 cm, long, persistent or finally 
deciduous, broad, brown, thin, the outer ones densely silky-strigose outside; petioles 
stout, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, glabrous; leaf blades narrowly obovate-oblong, or sometimes 
obovate, oblong, or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 15.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. wide, rounded 
and emarginate or subcordate at the base and usually 5-nerved, rounded or obtuse at 
the apex or rarely acutish or obtusely short-apiculate, glabrous, coriaceous, conco- 
lorous or nearly so, the lateral veins very coarse and prominent beneath* 5 to 7 on 
each side, divergent at an angle of about 60 degrees, arcuate, laxly anastomosing near 
the margin; receptacles geminate, sessile, depressed-globoee, 10 to 12 mm* in diameter, 
glabrous, the ostiole not prominent, closed by 2 bracts; involucre bilobate, about 1 
cm. long, the lobes rounded, strigose outside. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Pitayaya, Costa Rica,   Type collected by Orated. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa, Department of Santa Rosa, alt. 1,000 meters, May, 
1892, Eeyde & Lux (J.D. Smith, no, 2983; distributed as F. lapathifolia) (N). 
COSTA RICA: Rfo Torres, November, 1910, Serb. Nac. Costa Rica 17510 (N), 
17549 (N); November, 1910, Tonduz & Jimenez 17535 (N).   Without locality, 
Herb. Nac. Costa Rica 17548 (N); in 1888, Biolley 997 (N).    San Jos6t Novem- 
ber, 1910, Tonduz & Jimenez 17540 (N); June, 1911, Pittier 3673 (N), 3675 (N); 
November, 1901, Pittier 16218 (N); May, 1890, Pittier 2516 (N).    San Gabriel, 
18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
November, 1910, Herb. Nac. Costa Rica 17546; October, 1910, along roadside, 
Jiminez 14 (N). Nuestro Amo, Llanos de Turticares, alt, 750 meters, June, 
1902, Pittier 16394 (N); July, 1912, Jimenez 515 (N). Rfo Maravilla, AlajueU, 
alt. 925 meters, February, 1910, Jimenez 537 (N), 539 (N)> 540 (N). Alajuela, 
alt, 900 meters, February, 1911, Jimtnez 987 (N). Borda du Rio Torres & San 
Francisco de Guadalupe, alt. 1,200 meters, August, 1897, Tonduz 11298 (N). 
PANAMA: David, Chiriquf, alt. 30 to 80 meters, February, 1911, Pittwr 2826 (N), 
2835 (N).   Caldera, Chiriquf, alt, 200 to 300 meters, March, 1911, Pittier 
3348 (N), 
The vernacular name in Costa Rica is given asi' higuertfn " and "higuertfn Colorado," 
the latter referring, presumably, to a red fruit.   The receptacles of the Panama tree 
are said to be yellow, 
21. Ficus kellermanii Standley, sp. nov. 
Young branches grayish or yellowish brown, at first sparsely pilose but soon glab- 
rate; stipules 1 to 2 cm, long, broad, thin, brown, puberulent outside or glabrous, 
deciduous; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm. long, stout, glabrous; leaf blades oval-oblong, obovate- 
oval, or oval, 5 to 14 cm, long, 3 to 8 cm, wide, rounded and usually emarginate or 
subcordate at the base, 5-nerved, rounded at the apex, coriaceous, concolorous, 
usually lustrous on the upper surface and glabrous or nearly so, beneath short-hir- 
tellous, especially along the veins, or glabrate, the veins prominent beneath, the 
lateral ones 4 to 7 on each side, divergent at an angle of 45 to 55 degrees, straight 
or slightly arcuate, arcuately anastomosing near the margin; receptacles geminate, 
sessile, globose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the ostiole small, rather prominent, 
closed by 2 dark brown scales; involucre bilobate, about 5 mm. long, inconspicuous, 
the lobes rounded, sparsely sericeous or glabrate* 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 578685, collected at El Rancho, Depart- 
ment of Jalapa, Guatemala, January 6,1906, by W. A* Kellerman (no. 5595). 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA: El Rancho, April, 1902, Cook 812 (N).   Sanarate, Department of 
Guatemala, January, 1906, Kellerman 5902 (N).   Oasillas, Department of 
Santa Rosa, alt, 1,300 meters, May, 1893, Heyde & Lux (J. D. Smith, no, 
4588) (N, G),   Santa Rosa, alt. 1,000 meters, May, 1892, Heyde & Lux 
(J. D. Smith, no, 2983) (G).   Late Amatitl&n, alt. 1,200 meters, January, 
1906, Kellerman 5059 (N). 
The native name is given by Cook as "capuHn am ate.'' 
The Heyde and Lux collections were distributed as Ficus lapatkifolia and f. hart- 
wegii. The former species has much larger, pedunculate receptacles. Ficus hart- 
wegii is a very different plant, native to Colombia. 
Ficus kellermanii is most closely related to F, cQtinifolia> but that species has dull 
leaf blades and conspicuous involucres half as long as the receptacles or even longer* 
22. Ficus cotinifolia EL D. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 49. 1817. 
Ficus myxaefalia Kunth & BoucM, Ind. Rom. Hort. UeroL 18. 1816, 
Vrostigma cotinifolium Miquel, Lond, Journ. BoL 6: 530, 1847, 
Urostigma longipcs Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Rkrivt. V. 2: 321. 1851* 
Urostigma glaucum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt V, 2: 322. 1851. 
Urostigma myxaefolium Miquel, VersL Mcd, Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13: 410. 1862. 
Ficus longipcs Miquel, Ann. Mus, Bot. Lugd. Bat, 3: 297. 1867, not F. longipes 
Griffith] 1854. 
Ficus glauca Miquel, Ann, Mug, Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 299. 1867, not F. glauca Dull. 
deCours. 1811. 
Ficus subrotundifolia Grcenm. Troc. Amcr. Ac ad. 41: 237, 1905, 
Large or small tree with gray bark; young branches brownish, tomentulose, espe- 
cially about the nodes, glabrate in age; stipules ovate-triangular, 5 to 13 mm. long, 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PIOUS. 19 
acute, densely sericeous outside with white or yellowish hairs, thin, dark brown; 
petioles slender or stout, 1 to 6 cm. long, tomentulose when young but soon glabrate, 
canaliculate; leaf blades oblong, oval, obovate-oval, rounded-oblong, or suborbicular, 
usually broadest slightly above the middle, 5 to 13 cm. long, 2.2 to 10 cm, wide, 
rounded at the base or subcordate, 5-nerved, broadly rounded at the apex and 
sometimes subemarginate, rarely acutieh, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, pale or deep 
green, glabrous or tomentulose on the upper surface, densely tomentulose or short- 
villous beneath or sometimes only sparsely pilose, often nearly glabrous in age, the 
lateral veins prominent beneath, 5 to 7 on each side, distant, nearly straight or 
sometimes slightly tortuous, ascending at an angle of about 45 degrees, laxly anas* 
tomosing near the margin, the veinlets very conspicuous, coarsely reticulate; recep- 
tacles geminate, sessile, globose or slightly depressed, 6 to 11 mm, in diameter, spotted, 
finely and densely sericeous or in age glabrate, the ostiole not prominent, 2 mm, 
broad, closed by 2 truncate brown scales; involucre bilobate, half as long as the 
receptacle > the lobes rounded to acutisb, densely and finely white-sericeous on both 
surfaces; sepals ferruginous* 
TYPE LOCALITY: On the Acapulco road near La Venta del Egido, Mexico,   Type 
collected by Bonpland, 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
CHIHUAHUA: Hacienda San Miguel, 1885, Palmer I (N, G). 
SONORA: Alamos, January, 1899, Goldman 287 (N, G).   Sierra de Alamos, near 
the summit, March, 1910, Rose, Standley & Russell 12875 (N). 
LOWER CALIFORNIA: Miraflores, alt. 300 meters, October, 1894, Eisen (N). 
SINALOA: Near Colomae, July, 1897, Rose 1704 (N), 1770 (N).   Culiac&n, Septem- 
ber 13, 1904, Brandegee (C). 
JALISCO: Near Guadalajara, September, 1891, Pringle 3887 (N, G, F); Septem- 
ber, 1903, Rose & Painter 7365 (N), Pringle 11850 (G, N). 
TEPIC: Acaponcta,  April,  1910,  Rose, Standley  &  Russell 14442 (N).   Marfa 
Madre Island, May, 1897, Nelson 4182 (N), Maltby 78 (N). 
SAN LUIS Poxosi; Near Los Canos, September, 1902, Palmer 227 (N, G, F). 
TAMAULIFAS: Vicinity of Tampico, alt. 15 meters, 1910, Palmer 199 (N).   Vi- 
cinity of Victoria, alt. 320 meters, 1907, Palmer 28 (N, G, C). 
VERACRUZ: Colipa, Liebmann (G, type collection of Urostigma longipes). 
COLIMA: Manzanillo, March, 1891, Palmer 1387 (N, G).   Socorro Island, 1903, 
Barhelew 178 (X, G, C); in 1897, Anthony 395 (X, G, C), 
PUEBLA: Near TehuacAn, 1911, Pur pus 5729 (C); in 1905, Rose, Painter & Rose 
9SS0 (N), 9881 (N), 9879 (N); December, 1895, Pringle 7041 (N, G); May, 
1908, Brandegee 33S6 (C). Between ITuajuapam, Oaxaca, and Retlatzingo, 
Puebla, all/l,440 to 1,950 meters, November, 1894, Nelson 1993 (N, G). 
Tochimilco, August, 1893, Nelson (N), 
MORELOS: Near Cuernavaca, May, 1899, Rose & Hough 4355 (N); June, 1904, 
Pringle 8931 (N, G, type of £\ subrotundifolia, F). 
OAXACA: Valley about Cuicatl&n, alt, 540 meters, November, 1894, Nelson 1860 
(N, G).   Mitla, September, 1906, Rose & Rose 11316 (N). 
YUCATAN: Without locality, Gaumer 599 (Nt G, F),   Izamal, February, 1906, 
Greenman 423 (N, G, F),   Chichen Itzi, 1901, Goldman 553 (N, F); February, 
1899, Millspaugh 1630 (F).    Hacienda San Rafael, August, 1865, Schott 846 
(F).   Maxcami, April, 1903, C- <fr E. Sder 4021 (F).   Motul, March, 1903, 
C. & E, Seler 3950 (N, F). 
COSTA RICA: Nuestro A mo, alt. 500 meters, July, 1912, Jimenez 514 (N),    Ala- 
juela,  alt.  900 meters, January, 1910,   Jimenez 1007  (N).   Nicoya,  1900, 
Tonduz (N). 
The native names in Yucatan are given aa "Alamo," "kop6t" and "coobo." 
20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
This species ranges nearly throughout Mexico and naturally BO numerous specimens 
exhibit great variation. At first glance the form with nearly glabrous leaves de- 
scribed by Kunth as Ficus cotinifolia seems very different from the plant with densely 
hairy leaves to which Liebmann applied the name longipes. In the writer's mind, 
however, there is no doubt that all the specimens listed are conspecific. The leaf 
blades show much variation in outline, but often the range of variation upon a single 
specimen is nearly as great as in the whole series of specimens examined* 
Ficus rnyxaefolia was described from cultivated specimens. The dimensions of the 
leaves (up to 17 cm.) are much greater than in our specimens, yet this size could easily 
be explained as the result of favorable cultural conditions, When Miquel trans- 
ferred the species to Urostigma he referred to it Schiede and Deppe's no. 737, prob- 
ably from Veracruz, giving a complete description of the plant. His diagnosis 
agrees very well with the less pubescent specimens here listed. If Miquel was correct 
in his identification, as very probably he was, being an intensive student of this 
genus, there is little doubt that Ficus rnyxaefolia is properly placed in synonomy here. 
The specific name, derived from an old generic name applied to certain species of 
Cordia, would indicate a plant with leaves similar to those of Ficus cotinifolia. 
The description of Vrostigma glaucum agrees in every detail with the present ma- 
terial* The type of this species was collected by Liebmann along the Rio de las 
Vueltas, Oaxaca. 
Many of the specimens cited have been distributed as Ficus tecolutenxis, sometimes 
with a note to the effect that the receptacles are, however, sessile.   That species, as 
shown by a specimen of the type collection in the Gray Herbarium, is a wholly 
different plant, 
Rose's no. 11316 from Mitla, Oaxaca, is remarkable in having petioles up to 11,5 
cm, long, which thus equal or exceed the blades. Otherwise it does not appear to 
differ from typical cotinifolia. In most specimens the petioles are much shorter than 
the leaf blades. 
23. Ficus petiolaris H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 49, 1817, 
Urostigma petiolare Miquel, Lond, Journ. Bot. 6: 527* 1847, 
Ficus jaliscana S. Wats* Proc, Amer. A cad* 26: 150, 1891, 
Small or large tree with stout, thick, grayish or yellowish branches, the branchlets 
glabrous; petioles slender, half as long as the blades or longer, often equaling them; 
stipules brown, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, large; leaf blades cordate-orbicular, 
6.5 to 15 cm. broad> broadly rounded at the apex and abruptly short-apiculate, the 
basal Binus deep and narrow, the rounded lobes sometimes overlapping, the upper 
surface of the blades glabrous, pale green or glaucous, the lower surface pale, glabrous 
except for tufts of long white hairs in the axils of the principal veins; peduncles 
geminate, 7 to 20 mm. long, glabrous; involucre bilobate, the lobes short, rounded, 
puberulent; receptacles globose or depressed-globose, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, 
densely fulvous-villous when young, in age minutely puberulent or glabrate, some- 
times spotted, the ostiole prominent. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Western slope of the Sierra Madre near Mazatlan, Sinaioa, and 
Acahuizatla, Guerrero.   Type collected by Bonpland. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. 
SoNORA: Granados, alt. 1,110 meters, 1894, Hartman 217 (N, G, F).   Alamos, 
1899, Goldman 286 (N, G).   Sierra de Alamos, 1910, Ease, StandUy & Russell 
12810 (N),   Mina Grande, April, 1892, Eisen (C). 
SINALOA: Near Colomas, 1897, Rose 1695 (N), 3192 (JJ).   MazatlAn, 1910, Rose, 
Standlcy & Rwsell 13744 (N).   Valley of Rfo Fuerte, 1898, Goldman 243 
(N, G),   Topolobampo, 1910, Rose, Standley <fc Russell 13284 (N). 
JALISCO: Bolanos, 1897, Rose 2908 (N).   Barranca near Guadalajara, 1892, Prin- 
gle 4336 (N, F).   Cliffs near Guadalajara, December,  1889, Pringle 2932 
(G, type of F. jaliscana). 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN  AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS. 21 
GUERRERO: Near Iguala, 1905, Rose, Painter & Rose 9400 (N).   Between TIapa 
and Ayusinapa, alt. 1,350 to 1,710 meters, 1894, Nelson 2099 (N, G), 
MORELOS: Cuernavaca, 1904, Pringle 13196 (distributed as -F. gtiadalajarana) 
(N,G, F). 
This tree is abundant all along the western coast of Mexico, growing on dry slopes, 
often on the face of cliffs.   It is perhaps the most distinct of all the Mexican species, 
being strongly marked by the tufts of long white hairs on the lower surface of the 
leaves, as well as by the leaf outline. 
The type of Ficus jaliscana was collected on cliffs near Guadalajara by Pringle 
(no, 2932), It seems strange that Watson did not associate Pringle'a specimens with 
the species so accurately described by Kunth* 
Here, doubtless, is to be placed Seemann's no. 14591 from MazatlAn, Mexico, referred 
doubtfully to Ficus nymphaeifolia L. by Hemsley.1 That species somewhat resembles 
F, petiolaris^ but is very distinct It has been collected recently in Colombia (H, Ht 
Smith 1455), 
24. Ficus donnell-smithii Standley, sp. no v. 
Small tree, 4 to 5 meters high; branches slender, dark grayish brown, the young 
ones paler, finely and densely puberulent or short-hirtellous, tardily glabrate; stipules 
narrowly triangular, acuminate, 5 to 7 mm. long, finely sericeous-puberulent; petioles 
slender, 7 to 18 mm. long, puberulent; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to very narrowly 
oblong or lance-oblong, 7 to 15 cm, long, 1,8 to 2,7 cm. wide, slightly narrowed to the 
obtuse subemarginate 3-nerved base, usually gradually tapering to the acuminate 
or long-acuminate apex but sometimes obtuse or rounded, dark green, thin, scaberu- 
loufl on the upper surface, glabrate in age, beneath pilose with very short whitish 
hairs, becoming glabrate, the lateral veins not prominent, 7 or 8 on each side, remote, 
ascending at an angle of about 45 degrees, slightly arcuate, obscurely anastomosing near 
the margin, the veinlets inconspicuous; peduncles geminate, slender, 6 to 7 mm. 
long, puberulent; involucre bilobate, 3 to 4 mm, broad, the lobes rounded, reflexed 
or spreading, brown, puberulent outside; receptacles subgloboee, 8 to 9 mm. in 
diameter, puberulent but becoming glabrate, the oetiole not prominent, 2,5 mm. 
broad, closed by 3 broad rounded scales; sepals ferruginous. 
Type in the U* S. National Herbarium, no. 576518, collected at Cubilquitz, Depart- 
ment of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, altitude 350 meters, May 1 902, by H. von Tttrck- 
heim (no. II, 597; J. D. Smith, no. 8289.) The same collection is represented by 
noe. 796063-796065 of the National Herbarium and by specimens in the Gray Herba- 
rium and the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History. Also obtained at 
the type locality in August, 1900, by the same collector (no. 7773) (N, G). 
Very distinct from all other species in its very narrow leaf blades. In some respects 
it agrees with the diagnosis of Ficus guatemalanat which was based upon plants culti- 
vated at Berlin, obtained in Guatemala by Warscewicz. That species was described 
as having much larger, proportionally broader blades- While it may, nevertheless, 
be the same as the plant here described, judging from the description it seems 
more properly referable to synonymy under F. lapathifolia (see p. 24). Both collec- 
tions here cited were distributed as Fkus lanctfolia, but that is a very different plant 
(see p. 25), 
20. Ficus pabneri S. Wats. Proc.*Anier. Acad. 24: 77. 1889. 
Large or small tree with yellowish bark; young branches stout, densely white- 
pilose, finally becoming glabrate; stipules broadly ovate-triangular, 1,5 to 2 cm. long* 
acuminate, thin, dark brown, glabrous; petioles mostly slender, 1.5 to 5 cm, long, 
short-pilose or puberulent; leaf blades very variable in outline but usually broadly 
ovate-deltoid, sometimes cordate-orbicular, (J to 14 cm. long, 4 to 11.5 cm. wide, 
truncate to deeply cordate at the huse. broadly rounded to acutish at the apex, coria- 
1
 Bid Centr. Amer. Hot. 3: 146. 1883. 
22 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
ceous, glaucous green, when young densely pubescent on both surfaces with short, 
white, straight or crispate hairs, in age glabrate on the upper surface; peduncles 
geminate, 5 to 25 mm. long, densely pubescent, or glabrate in age; involucre bilobate, 
small, the lobes rounded, pubescent; receptacles turbinate-globose, 12 to 15 mm, in 
diameter, flattened on the top, densely soft-pubescent or finally glabrate, the oetiole 
prominent, the scales broadly triangular, obtuse; sepals pale brown. 
TYPE LOCALITY: San Martin Island, Lower California,   Type collected by Palmer 
in 1887 (no, 413), 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED; 
LOWEE CALIFORNIA: San Martin Island, 1887, Palmer 413 (N, G, type, C).   El 
Fotrero, 25 miles southwest oi Muleg£, alt* 180 meters, October, 1905, Nelson 
& Goldman 7234 (N),   Seal Island, April,  1911,  Rose 16817 (N),   Near 
Calmallf, alt, 480 meters, 1898, PUT pus 1 (N, F, C).   Tiburtin Island, 1895, 
McGee (N, C); April, 1911, Rose 16786 (N).   Head of Concepci6n Bay, April, 
1911, Rose 16701 (N).   Santa Rosalia, 1889, Palmer 210 (N, G).   Cape San 
Lucas, March, 1911, Rose 16387 (N).   Between Cajtfn and El Sacat6n, alt, 60 
to 150 meters, December, 1905, Nelson & Goldman 7363 (N).   Yub&y, alt, 600 
meters, September, 1905, Nelson & Goldman 7149 (N).   San Juanico, 1897, 
Anthony (F). Purfeima, 1889, Brandegee (F).   San Benito, April 10, 1889, 
Brandegee (C). Comandti, Brandegee (C), 
The fruit is said to be edible, but with its small amount of pulp and its hairy indu- 
ment it can not be very palatable. 
The species is a variable one in several respects, but especially in leaf form. In 
some cases the leaves are soon glabrate, but in others they retain their pubescence to 
maturity. Usually the blades are truncate or sub cordate at the base. In some of the 
Tibur6n Island specimens, however, they are deeply cordate, with overlapping lobes, 
reminding one of the leaves of Fims petiolaris^ although even in sterile specimens these 
two are easily distinguished by the difference in pubescence. In the material from 
Concepci6n Bay the peduncles are remarkably long and the receptacles small and 
glabrate, yet there is little doubt that the specimens are conepecific with the others 
cited. 
In the type collection the leaves are smaller and more densely pubescent than is 
usual in the species. 
26. Fiona brandegei Standley, ep. nov, 
Young branches glaucous, glabrous or pruinose-puberulent, reddish brown in age; 
stipules narrowly triangular, 12 to 18 mm. long, long-acuminate, dark brown, glabrous; 
petioles stout, 1.5 to 3.5 cm, long, glabrous; leaf blades broadly deltoid-ovate, 7 to 10.5 
cm, long, 5 to 8 cm. wide, subcordate or cordate at the base and 5-nerved, obtuse or 
broadly obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, glabrous, pale green above, glaucescent beneath, 
the lateral veins slender but prominent beneath, 6 to 8 on each side, divergent at an 
angle of 45 to 60 degrees, straight, arcuately anastomosing near the margin; peduncles 
geminate, 2.5 to 4 cm, long, glabrous; involucre deeply bilobate, 10 to 12 mm, long, the 
lobes rounded, pruinose-puberulent; receptacles globose, 1.5 cm, in diameter, glabrous, 
the oetiole prominent, closed by 3 subetect valvate scales. 
Type in the herbarium of the University of California, no. 142205, collected at San 
Joe6 del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico, September 15, 1899, by T. S, Brandegee. 
Another specimen in the same herbarium (no. 116819) was obtained at the same locality 
by Brandegee, September 16, 1890 (no, 561). 
Ficus brandegei is closely related to F* palmeri, also of Lower California, and may be 
only a form of it. The latter species, however, has copiously pubescent leaves and 
receptacles, and the receptacles are pyriform-globose. In F, brandegei the leaf blades 
are perfectly glabrous, even in bud, and all the receptacles appear to be globose. The 
latter character perhaps will not hold when a larger series of specimens has been 
secured. The character of the pubescence, nevertheless, seems to be sufficient for the 
separation of the two species, for in none of the other American species do we find 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PIOUS. 23 
glabrous and pubescent forme. In some species, for example F* cotini/olia^ leaves 
which axe at firat pubescent later become glabrate, but traces of the pubescence may 
be found even in age. 
27, RCUB pringlei S. Wats. Froc. Amer, Acad. 26:150. 1891. 
Small or medium-sized tree; older branches reddish brown, glabrate, the young 
ones densely villoua with fulvous hairs; stipules triangular-oblong or ovate, about 
1,5 cm, long, acute, densely villous; petioles stout, 5 to 11 mm. long, villous; leaf 
blades ovate-oval or deltoid-ovate, 4,5 to 8 cm, long, 2,5 to 6 cm. wide, subcordate 
or emarginate at the base, very obtuse or sometimes rounded at the apex, thick-cori- 
aceous, rugose, yellowish green, the upper surface finely hirtellous or in age glabrate, 
the lower surface densely short-villoua with grayish or slightly fulvous hairs, the 
lateral veins prominent, usually 6 on each side, ascending at an angle of about 50 
degrees, distant, nearly straight, anastomosing near the margin, the veinlets promi- 
nent, finely reticulate; peduncles geminate, stout, 2 to 4 mm. long, densely villous; 
involucre bilobate, the lobes rounded, nearly or quite half as long as the receptacle, 
appreesed, densely and finely villous-sericeous on both surfaces; receptacles de- 
pressed-globose, about 1 cm, broad, finely sericeous with short white hairs when young 
but soon glabrate, the ostiole prominent, closed by 3 suberect, rounded, dark brown, 
pubescent scales; sepals dark ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: In the barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Type collected by 
Pringle, December, 1889 (no. 2928), 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
JALISCO: Near Guadalajara, December, 1889, Pringle 2928 (G, type); July, 1902, 
Pringle 11174 (N, G, F); September, 1891, Pringle 3865 (Nt G, F); Septem- 
ber, 1903, Pringle 7366 (N).   On the road between Bolanos and Guadala- 
jara, September, 1897, Rose 3065 (N). 
The fruit is said to be edible. 
The specimens are very uniform, and, so far as is now known, the species is very 
restricted in its distribution. 
28. Ficus microchlamys Standley, sp. now 
Older branches nearly black, glabrate, the young ones tomentose; stipules ovate- 
triangular, about 7 mm. long, densely fulvous-villous; petioles stout, 10 to 13 mm. 
long, fulvous-tomentose; leaf blades broadly oblong, ovate-oblong, oblong-oval, or 
rounded-ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, 3.5 to 7.3 cm, wide, subcordate or emarginate at 
the base, rounded or obtuse and very shortly apiculate at the apex, thick-coriaceous, 
pale green on the upper surface and villosulous along the veins or glabrate, beneath 
densely and loosely tomentose with fulvous or grayish hairs, the lateral veins very 
prominent beneath, 11 or 12 on each side, approximate, parallel, nearly straight, 
divergent at an angle of about 50 degrees, arcuately anastomosing near the margin, 
the veinlets prominent, coarsely reticulate; peduncles geminate, stout, 5 to 7 mm, 
long, fulvouB-villous; involucre bilobate, very small, the lobes rounded, 2 to 3 mm. 
long, densely villous outside, glabrous within, reflexed; receptacles subglobose, 12 
mm. in diameter, very densely fulvous-villous, the ostiole rather prominent; sepals 
dark ferruginous. 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 41638, collected on rocky bluffs of a 
barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, October 9, 1891, by C. G. Pringle (no. 
3883), Specimens of the same collection are in the Gray Herbarium and in the her- 
baria of the Field Museum of Natural History and the University of California, 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
TEPIC: Tepic, 1892, Palmer 2006 (N). 
VERACRUZ: Orizaba, Botteri 424 (G), 
In general appearance the proposed species resembles Ficus pringlei, from the same 
locality, but in the latter the involucre is appressed and three times as large, while 
the pubescence of the receptacles is very different and the peduncles are much shorter. 
24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 
39. Piciw velutina Willd. Sp. PL 4: 114L 1806. 
Large tree; branches brownish, the young ones fulvous-hirtellous, very stout, 
glabrate in age; stipules 1,5 to 2 cm. long, ovate-triangular, acuminate, fulvous or 
ferruginous-sericeous outside; petioles stout, 1,3 to 3.2 cm, long, villoua or villous- 
tomentose when young, glabrate in age; leaf blades oval, ovate-oval, obovate-oval, 
or broadly obovate-oblong, 9 to 26 cm. long, 5.5 to 1L5 cm. wide, often slightly nar- 
rowed toward both ends, rounded, truncate, or eubcordate at the base, always at least 
emarginate, rounded or very obtuse at the apex and usually very shortly obtuse- 
apiculate, pale green, the upper surface scaberulous and puberulent along the veins 
or in age glabrate, the lower surface at first tomentulose, becoming short-pilose, or 
finally glabrate, the costa stout, bearing a large black gland at the base, the lateral 
veins prominent, 7 to 12 on each side, ascending or divaricate, distant, subarcuate, 
anastomosing near the margin, the vein lets prominent, densely or coarsely reticulate; 
peduncles geminate, 2 to 3 mm, long, very thick, short-pilose; involucre bilobate, about 
1 cm, in greatest diameter, the lobes obtuse, fulvous or fermginous-tomentulose out- 
side, becoming glabrate, spreading or reflexed; receptacles globose, L3 to 1.7 cm. in 
diameter, smooth or verrucose, minutely sericeous-puberulent, becoming glabrate, 
the ostiole rather prominent, 4 mm, broad; sepals ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Rfo Xayo and Sambingo, between Almaguer and Pas to, 
Colombia.i   Type collected by Bonpland. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
COSTA RICA: Camino & Desamparados, November, 1910,   Tonduz &   Jimenez 
17541 (N).   Nuestro Amo, Hacienda de Dr. Ntinez, alt, 500 meters, July, 
1912, Jiin&nez 517 (N).   ParqueNacional, San Josd, alt, 1,000meters,Novem- 
ber, 1901, Pittier 16215 (N),   Alajuela, February, 1910, Jim&nez 706 (N). 
Desamparados, alt. 1,180 meters, December, 1913, JimfriezQ&2 (N), 
PANAMA: Sabana del Macano, Caldera, Chiriquf, alt. 200 to 300 meters, March, 
1911, Pittier 3359 (N). 
The native name in Costa Rica is given as "chilamate." 
The specimens cited agree very well with the amplified description published by 
Kunth,1 They exhibit a good deal of variation, especially in leaf form. The first 
collection cited is remarkable in having rather narrow leaf blades with divaricate 
lateral veins, Pittier's no. 16215, determined by Warburg as a new species, has 
broad blades, mostly broadest near the base, and very conspicuous veinlets, 
30. Ficus lapathifolia (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann, Mus, Bot, Lugd. Bat 3: 297. 1867- 
Urostigma lapathifolium Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Belsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 319. 1851, 
Urosiiffma guatemalanwn Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon, Akad. Amsterdam 13: 411,1862, 
Ficus guatemalana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 1867. 
Branches dark brownish gray, the young ones puberulent and hirtellous with gray 
hairs, the pubescence persistent; stipules ovate-triangular or lance-triangular, 15 
to 18 mm. long, densely whitish sericeous outside, or the pubescence slightly spread- 
ing; petioles 1 to 3.2 cm. long, stout* densely puberulent and whitish-hirtellous, be- 
coming glabrate; leaf blades oval to broadly oblong, 6 to 19 cm. long, 3.5 to 9 cm. wide, 
rounded or sub truncate and emarginate or eubcordate at the base, 3 or 5-nerved, 
rounded or obtuse at the apex, often very shortly and broadly obtuse-apiculate, coria- 
ceous, the upper surface at first copiously pubescent with short, grayish, spreading or 
appressed hairs, scaberulous or glabrate in age, beneath fulvous, densely pubescent 
with short, straight or crispate, spreading or matted hairs, sometimes becoming gla- 
brate, the lateral veine prominent. 7 to 13 on each side, distant, straight, laxly and arcu- 
ately anastomosing near the margin, the veinlets inconspicuous, coarsely reticulate; 
peduncles geminate, 4 to 9 mm. long, stout, hirtellous; involucre bilobate, about 
1
 H. B, K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 46. 1817. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS. 25 
8 mm, in greatest diameter, the lobes broadly rounded, densely sericeous outside, 
brown within and glabrous; receptacles globose, 15 to 22 mm, in diameter, very 
densely whitish sericeous with short hairs, the ostiole not prominent, closed by 3 
broad, rounded, dark brown scales; sepals dark ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Yecoatla and (ollpa, Veracruz.   Type collected by Liebmann. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
TAMAULIPAS: Tampko, alt, 15 meters, 1910, Palmer 198 (N), 
GUERRERO: Jamil tepee to Kfo Verde, alt. 120 to 300 meters, February t 1895, 
iVMson 2362 (N,G). 
CHIAPAS: San Vicente, April, 1904, Goldman 861 (N). 
GUATEMALA: Amatitldn, alt. 1,170 meters, February, 1890, Jl D. Smith 1930 (G), 
The type of Urostigma guatemalanum was cultivated at Berlin from material col- 
lected in Guatemala by Warscevriez, Liebmann describes the leaf blades of Urostigma 
lopatkifolium as being 21 to 25.5 cm. long and 13 to 15 cm. wide, which is larger than 
in any specimens examined by the writer, although the proportions are the same. 
Otherwise hie description agrees well with the specimens cited, 
31* Ficus ovalis (Liebm,) Miquel, Ann. Mus, Bot Lugd, Bat. 3: 298. 1867. 
Urostigma ovale Liebm. Dansk, Vid, Selsk. Skrivt, V, 2; 324* 1851. 
Young branches brownish, glabrous; stipules 10 to 15 mm, long, long-acuminatet 
thin, brown, glabrous, deciduous; petioles stout, 1 to 3.5 cm, long; leaf blades oval, 
oval-obovate, or obovate-oblong, 6.5 to 10.5 cm* long, 4 to 5,5 cm. wide, rounded at 
the base and emarginate, 3 or 5-nerved, rounded or obtuse at the apex, subcoriaceous, 
glabrous, green above, slightly paler beneath, the veins slender but very prominent 
beneath, 4 to 6 on each side, divergent at an angle of 50 to 60 degrees, arcuately anasto- 
mosing near the margin; peduncles geminate, stout, 3 to 6 mm* long; involucre bi lob ate, 
inconspicuous, about 5 mm, long, the lobes rounded, spreading, thin, brown, gla- 
brous; receptacles globose, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the ostiole slightly promi- 
nent, closed by 2 brown scales. 
^__  ■*• 
TYPE LOCALITY: Guanacaste, Costa Rica,   Type collected by Orsted, 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
NICARAGUA: Without definite locality, Wright (N, G). 
The leaves of Ficus ovalis resemble those of F. cotinifolia^ but in that species the 
receptacles are sessile. 
32, Ficus padifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2; 47, 1817, 
Ficus complicata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2; 43. 1817, 
Ficus prinoides Willd. err. det. Schlecht. & < ham. Linnaea 6: 357, 1831, 
Ficus lancifolia Hook. & Am. Bot, Beechey Voy. 310.1839, not F. lancifolia Moench, 
1794, 
?Ficus consanguinea Kunth & Bouchd, Ind. Sem. Hort. BeroL 17. 1846. 
Urostigma lanci/olium Miquel, Lend. Journ. Bot- G: 538, 1847. 
Urostigma sckwtleanum Miquel, Lond, Journ. Bot. 6: 539. 1847. 
Urostigma padifolium liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V- 2: 324. 1851. 
Urostigma complicaturn Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt, V. 2: 325. 1851, 
Urostigma sapidum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selek. Skrivt. V. 2: 327, 1851. 
Urostigma baceatum Liebm. Dansk. Vid, Selek, Skrivt. V. 2: 327, 1851. 
Urostigma turbinatum Liebm. Dansk, Vid, Selsk, Skrivt. V, 2: 328♦ 1851, 
Urostigma liebmannianum Miquel in Seem. Bot, Voy, Herald 195. 1854. 
Urostigma eonsanguineum Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon. AkaJ. Amsterdam 13: 409. 
1862. 
Urostigma suldpes Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13: 413, 1862, 
Ficus turbinata Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd, Bat. 3: 298. 1867, not f. turbinata 
Wild. 1805, 
FiatssipidaMiquel, Ann. Mus, Bot, Lugd. Eat. 3: 208,1807, 
78447°—17 3 
26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  THE  NATIONAL  HERBARIUM, 
Ficus liebmanniana Miquel, Ann, Mus. Bot Lugd, Bat. 3: 298. 1867, 
Ficus sulcipes Miquel, Ann. Mua. Bot, Lugd, Bat, 3: 298- 1807. 
Ficus baccata Miquel Ann. Mus, Bot. Lugd, Bat, 3: 299. 1867. 
Ficus fasdmlata S, Wats. Proe, Amer, A cad. 24: 78, 1889, not F. fasdmlata King, 
1888. 
Ficus sonorae S, Wats, Proc, Amer. Acad, 24: 78. 1889. 
Large or small tree with pale yellowish bark;   young branches rather slender, ful- 
vous or brownish, glabrous or minutely puberukmt; stipules 5 to 15 mm, long, narrow, 
long-acuminate or attenuate, thin, brown, deciduous, glabrous or minutely puberulent; 
petioles slender or stout, 5 to 30 mm. long, glabrous or minutely pubcrulcnt;   leaf 
blades very variable in outline, oblong, elliptic-oblong, lance-oblong, lanceolate, 
oval, ovate, or rarely broadly ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 4.7 cm. wide, rounded or 
obtuse at the base, sometimes subemarginate, gradually or somewhat abruptly acute 
to long-acuminate at the apex or rarely obtuse, the tip of the blade acute or obtuse, 
coriaceous or subcoriaceous, glabrous,  bright or yellowish green,  concolorous, the 
costa prominent beneath, the lateral veins very slender, slightly prominent beneath. 
5 to 12 on each side, divergent at an angle of 45 to 60 degrees, usually arcuate, laxly 
anastomosing near the margin, the blades usually conspicuously 3-nerved at the base, 
the 2 basal lateral veins commonly much more conspicuous than the other lateral ones; 
peduncles geminate, slender, glabrous or puberulent, sometimes longer but usually 
shorter than the receptacles;  involucre inconspicuous, deeply bilobate, 3 to 4 min, 
long, the lobes rounded, spreading, glabrous or minutely puberulent;   receptacles 
subglobosc, 9 to 12 mm. in diameter, spotted, glabrous or minutely puberulent, the 
ostiole deeply depressed, usually surrounded by an elevated annul us. 
TYPE LOCALITY; Near Acapulco, Guerrero.   Type collected by Bonpland. 
ILLUSTRATION: Seem, Bot. Voy. Herald pi 35. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
SOXOHA: Guaymas, November, 1887, Palmer 645 (X, G), 92 (G, type of F. sonorae, 
N, C), 64(5 (G, type of F. fasciculatet N); June, 1897, Rose 1207 (N, G); May 
11, 1892, Brandegee (0),   Sierra de Alamos, March,  1910, Rose, Standley & 
Russell 12809 (N), 12991 (X), 
SINALOA:  Guadalupe,  April,   1910, Rose, Slandley & Russell 14774 (N).    Villa 
Union, April, 1910, Rose. Slandley & AuueH 13904 (N). 13906 (N), 13947 (N). 
La Rastra, alt, 600 meters, March, 1899, Goldman 362 (X, G).   Rosario, July, 
1897, ROM 1824 (X); April, 1910, Rote, Slandley & Russell 14646 (N),   Mazat- 
l&n, March and April, 1910, Rose, Standley & Russell 13745 {X), 14128 (N). 
Valley of Rio Fuerte, October, 1898, Goldman 244 (X. G). 
TIE PIC: Acaponeta, April, 1910, Rose, Stondky & Russell 34444 (N); June, 1897, 
Rose 1452 (X),    San Bias, June, 1897, Nelson 4342 (X).    Maria Mad re Island! 
May, 1897, Nelson 4288 (X, G),    Teptc, 1892, Palmer 1855, 
JALISCO:   Near Guadalajara,  September,  1891, Pringk 3SfiO (X, G,  F),   Casa 
Fuerte, April, 1905, Griffiths 3334 (X). 
TAMAULIPAS: Tampico, alt, 15 meters, January, 1910, Palmer 140 (K). 
SAN Lurs POTOSI:   Tamasopo Canyon, July. 1890, Pringk 3554 (G, F),   Las 
Pal mm, June. 1892, Pringle 5305 (G), 
COLIHA: Oolima, 1391, Palmer 1119 (X, G). 
MICHOACAN?: La Providencia, alt. 900 meters. April. ISO9. fjrnghme 1014 bis (N). 
GUEKRERO:   Between Copala and Juehitango, alt. 60 to ISO meters, February, 
1895, Nelson 2311 (X. G).    Acapulco, 1894-95, Palmer <>2 (X, G, F), 
MORELOS: Near Cuernavaca, May, 1899. Rose <t Ifmtgh 4350 (X). 
OAXACA:  Valley of Oai^aca, alt. 1,530 to 1.740 meters, September. 1894, Nelson 
1252 (X. G).    Xazarcuo Etla, alt. 1,590 meters, June, 1895, L. C. Snath 489 
(G).    Corro  del   Fuh\   alt.   U;00  nfiHm   May.   1907,   (cnwtli  1805 (F). 
Between San Carhs and 8au Bartolo, alt. 900 to 1,4-10 meters, April, 1895, 
SXAKDLEY—MEXICAN  AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS, 27 
Nelson 2562 (N. G).   Between Pochutla and Plunia* alt. 150 to 750 meters, 
March, 1895, Nelson 2462 (N, G).   Huanchilla. Nocbixtlan, alt. 2,000 meters, 
June, 1901, Conzatli & Gonzdles 3205 (Oh   Corro San Antonio, alt. ],600 
meters, October, 1906,  Conzatli 1592 (F).   Guatulco, Liebmann (G, type 
collection of Urostigma turbimtum). 
VERACRUZ: Orizaba, Botteri 425 (G); July, 1857, Mokr & Botteri 425 (N),   Zaeua- 
pan, March, 1912, Purpus 6625 (N, G, I\ C).   Maloapam, Liebmann (G). 
Papantla to Zamora,  March,  1898, Goldman 92  (G),    Wartenberg, 1858, 
Ervendberg 332 (G)< 
TABASCO: San Juan Bautista, June, 1889, Rovirosa 513 (N). 
GUATEMALA: Between Salami and Rabinal, May, 1904, Cook & Doyle 281 (N), 
Salamd, June, 1904, Cook 267 (N).   Cubilquitz, Department of Alta Verapaz, 
alt. 350 meters, May, 1901, ron Turchheim (J. D. Smith, no. 7981) (N, G); 
August, 1900, von Turchheim (J, D. Smith, no. 7774) (N, G).    Cenaguilla, 
Department of Santa Rosa, alt. 1,300 metere, November, 1892, Heyde & Lux 
(J. D. Smith, no. 4402) (N, G).   Joyabaj, May, 1906, Coot 21 (N).    Near 
Guatemala City, July,  1860, Hayes (G).    Hills along the southern shore of 
Lake Amatitl&n, alt. 1,350 meters, April, 1905, Pittier HO (N). 
EL SALVADOK; Without definite locality, Benson. 71 (N). 
NICARAGUA: Without definite locality, Wright (N, G), 
COSTA RICA: San Jos£, alt.  1,000 meters, November, 1901, Pittier 16217 (N); 
November, 1910, Tonduz & Jimenez 17539 (N).    San Francisco de Guada- 
Iupe, alt.  1,200 meters, August, 1897,  Tonduz 11299 (N).   Portail do la 
Hacienda Belmira, pr6s Santa Marfa de Dota, alt. 1,450 meters, January, 
1898,  Tonduz 11650 (N).   San Pedro, pr&s San Ramon, alt. 1,300 meters, 
April, 1913, Tonduz 17655 (N).    Entre San Pedro et le Tremedal, prfea San 
Ramon, alt. 1,200 to 1,300 meters, April, 1913, Tonduz 17674 (N, F).   Cartage, 
alt. 1,275 meters, April, 1894, /. D. Smith 4936 (N); October, 1887, Cooper 
(J. D. Smith, no. 5947B) (N).    Aguacalientc, May, 1890, Pittier 2517 (N). 
PANAMA: El Boquete, (■hiriquf, alt. 1,000 to 1,300 meters, March, 1911, Pittier 
2923 (N)f 2889 (N), 
Ficus padifolia is one of the most abundant and widely dispersed of the North 
American strangier figs.   The young plant at first climbs the trunk of some tree, 
often a palm, by attaching its long, slender ropelike stems to the host plant by means 
of aerial roots.    In time the fig develops a large trunk and crown and surrounds ami 
kills the host tree.    With age it forms a very broad crown, from the branches of which 
aerial roots descend and enter the ground, thus developing new trunks and forming a 
tree of the familiar banyan type of Asia and Africa-    The trees at maturity are very 
handsome.   The receptacles are edible- 
Ficus padifolia is known by various local names: Sonera, "nacapuli" (Palmer); 
Colima, 'Vamichfn" (Palmer), or "eomuchfn" (Langlass6); Oaxaca, "palode coco" 
(Liebmann); Costa Rica, "higuito" (Orsted); Tabasco, "amatillo" or ucapulfn 
grande " (Rovirosa). 
As is to be expected from its wide range, this species exhibits great variation, more 
in fact than any other Central American species. This is indicated by the large 
number of synonyms cited above. With a small series of specimens it would be pos- 
sible to differentiate several "species," but with the numerous collections at hand all 
the characters heretofore relied upon for differentiation break down. There is wide 
variation in leaf form and two types of leaves can be distinguished: one in which the 
blade is ovate, coriaceous, prominently 3-ncrved at the base, with a very acute 
apex, becoming pale yellowish green when dry; the other with mostly lance-oblong 
blades, which are thinner, obscurely nerved, bright green or dark when dry, with an 
obtuse apex. The first form is chiefly western in its distribution and the second 
southern.    Intermediate forma arc found, however, and with the leaf characters there 
28 CONTRIBUTIONS FEOM THE NATIONAL HEBBAKIUM. 
are no concomitant peculiarities of pubescence or fruit. The form with broad leaves 
is usually quite glabrous and the other minutely puberulent on the young branches 
and stipules, but this is not invariably true. There seem to be no definite differ- 
ences in the receptacles. Although the writer has tried every possible character as a 
basis of segregation, he has found nowhere any constant specific differences. 
Langlasse's no. 1014 bis is noteworthy for its small receptacles, suggesting Ft pri- 
noides Kunth & Bouche, but the leaves are unlike those of that species. It may 
represent an undescribed species, but further collections are necessary to settle this 
point. A few of the Costa Rican specimens are notable for their oblanceolate leaf 
blades. Several Costa Rican collections were distributed under an unpublished name 
of Warburg's, but they seem to differ in no essential character from the mass of material 
examined, 
Ficus padifolia was described from specimens having broad, thick leaf blades* The 
type of F. complicate was collected in Mexico near Guasitlan and Puente de Istla, by 
Bonpland, The type of f. lancifolia was from Tepic, Mexico. Fims consanguinea 
was based upon plants of uncertain derivation grown at Berlin. Miquel referred to it 
specimens obtained by Schiede between Sepillo and Eetura, Mexico. Indeed, it is 
not certain that it is correctly placed here in synonymy. The type of Urostigrna 
sapidum was collected at Cartago, Costa Rica, by Orated; that of Z7, baccaturn at 
Hacienda de Santa Cruz, near Tehuantepcc, Oaxaca, by Liebmann; and that of U, 
turbinatum at Guatulco, Oaxaca, by Liebmann, Urostigma liebmannianum was based 
upon material collected in Panama along the Chagres River, The type of Urostigma 
sulcipes was collected at Atlacomulco, Mexico, by Schiede and Deppe, Both Ficus 
fasciculata and F* sonorae were described from material collected at Guaymas, Sonora, 
by Palmer, It seems strange that Watson should have described both these species 
at the same time, for the specimens upon which they were based all look as though 
they might have come from the same tree. 
Many of the collections listed here have been determined as Ficus ligustrina Kunth 
& Bouch&i That species was based upon cultivated specimens sent from Caracas by 
Moritz, It is probably the same as F. pnnoides Humb. & Bonpl.,3 the type of which 
was from M4rida, Colombia, The latter species, to which some of the Mexican and 
Central American specimens above listed have been referred, differs from F. padifolia 
in its small receptacles, with a plane or slightly elevated ostiole. The writer has seen 
the following specimens: 
COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2420 (N, F, G), 1458 (N, F, G), 1459 (N), 
It occurs also in Trinidad, according to Warburg.3 
33. Ficus oeretediana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot- Lugd. Bat 3: 299. 1867, 
Urostigma oerstedtanum Miquel in Seem, Bot. Yoy. Herald 196, pL $6. 1854, 
Urostigma ckiriquianum Miquel, VersL Mod. Kon. Akad, Amsterdam 13: 412. 1862. 
Fiats ckiriquiana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, 3: 298- 1867. 
Tree of medium size; young branches grayish or brownish, puberulent or glabrate; 
stipules 5 to 15 mm. long, acuminate, glabrous or minutely puberulent outside, 
deciduous; petioles stout, 3 to 15 mm, long, glabrous; leaf blades obovate, obovate- 
oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblanceolate, 4 to 11 cm * long, 1 to 4.5 cm. wide, usually 
cuneately narrowed to the obtuse or acute base, very obtuse or acute at the apex, or 
often ehort-apiculate with a broad obtuse acumen, coriaceous, concolorous, glabrous, 
the cost a coarse and prominent, the lateral veins very slender, only slightly prominent, 
9 to 15 on each side, divergent at an angle of 60 to 80 degrees, arcuately anastomos- 
ing into a distinct sub marginal vein, the secondary lateral veins slender and parallel 
to the primary ones; peduncles geminate, slender, glabrous or minutely puberulent, 
1
 Ind, Sem. Hort. Berol. 16. 1846. 
2 Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 1149. 1806. 
3
 In Urban, Symb, Antill, 3: 483, 1903. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN  AND CENTRAL AMERICAN FICUS. 29 
Sjto 7 mm. long; involucre bilobate, about 3 mm. long, inconspicuous, the lobes 
broadly rounded, spreading or refiexed, minutely puberulent or glabrate; receptacles 
globose, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, glabrous, reddish, the ostiole small, plane or slightly 
elevated, closed by 3 scales. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Chiriqui Volcano, Panama,   Type collected by Seemann. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA; Near Izabal, alt. 750 meters, February, 1907, Kelkrman 6486 (N). 
COSTA RICA: Nuestro Amo, July, 1912, Jimenez 516 (N). 
PANAMA: Without definite locality, Ditchassaing (G).   Around Caldera, Chiriquf , 
alt, 200 to 300 meters, March, 1911, Piltier 3346 (N).   Vicinity of David, 
Chiriqui, alt. 30 to 80 meters, February, 1911, Pitlier 2822 (N), 2823 (N). 
COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, H, JL Smith 2625 (N). 
The type of Uro&tigma cMrirjuiannm also came from the mountains of Chiriqui. 
Ficus oerstedmna is related to F. prinovJcs llumb, & I5onpl.T but is distinguished by 
the obovate, closely and regularly veined h-ai Mad'is. 
34. Ficus hemsleyana Staudley. 
Urostigma verrucosum Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt, V. 2: 321, 1851. 
Ficus verrucosa Hemsl. Biol, Centr, Amer. Bot. 3:148.1833, not F. verrucosa Miquel, 
1867. 
Branches grayish or brownish, the young ones brown, glabrous or obscurely puberu- 
lent; stipules 10 to  17 mm* long, thin, deciduous, brown, glabrous or obscurely 
puberulent outside; petioles slender, 2 to 6 cm. long, glabrous or obscurely puberu- 
lent; leaf blades elliptic oblong, or sometimes oblong-oval, oval, or ovate-oblong, 10 
to 22 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm, wide, subcordate to rounded at the base and 3 or 5-nerved, 
abruptly acuminate or subcuspidate at the apex, or sometimes gradually acuminate, 
the acumen acute, glabrous, bright green on the upper surface, paler or brownish be- 
neath, the lateral veins 7 to 13 on each side, divergent at an angle of about 60 degrees, 
arcuate or nearly straight, laxly and arcuately anastomosing near the margin; peduncles 
geminate, stout, half to two-thirds as long as the receptacles; involucrebilobate, about 
4 mm, long, the lobes rounded; receptacles globose, about 1 cm. in diameter, green, 
minutely puberulent or glabrate, the ostiole slightly prominent, closed by 3 broad 
bracte* 
TYPE LOCALITY: Nicaragua,   Type collected by Orated. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUATEMALA: San Miguel Uspant&n, Department of Quich6, March, 1892, Heyde 
& Lux (J. D, Smith, no. 2886) (N, G). 
EL SALVADOR: Without definite locality, Renson 70 (N), 138 (N). 
COSTA RICA: San Jos6, alt.  1,160 meters, October, 1897,  Tonduz 11576 (N); 
November, 1910, Tonduz & Jimenez 17543 (N), 17542 (N).   Camino en Ban 
Francisco de Guadalupe, October, 1910, Jiminez 13 (N).   San Francisco de 
Guadalupe, alt. 1,170 meters, Jiminez 536 (N), 986 (N).   Rfo Virilla, October, 
1912, Herb. Nac. Costa Rica (N). 
PANAMA: Chagres, March, 1850, Fendler 286 (N).   Around Culebra, strangling 
an Attalea, January, 1911, Pittier 2318 (N). 
Tonduz 5s no, 11576 was determined by Warburg as a new species and distributed 
under an unpublished name. 
36- Ficus lentiginosa Vahl, Enum, PL 2: 183. 1806. 
Ficus populnea lentiginosa Warb, in Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 476. 1903. 
Young branches brownish, glabrous; stipules 1 to 1.5 cm. long, acuminate, brown, 
glabrous, deciduous; petioles slender, 2.5 to 10.5 cm. long, glabrous; leaf blades oval or 
ovate-oval, 7.5 to 16 cm. long, 5 to 9.5 cm. wide, broadly rounded and sometimes 
subemarginate at the base, 5-nerved, obtuse or rounded at the apex and usually 
30 CONTRIBUTIONS  FROM   T1IK   NATIONAL   HERBARIUM. 
abruptly short-acuminate with an obtuse acumen, subeoriaceous, glabrous, con- 
colorous, the mid vein very prominent beneath, the lateral veins slender, slightly 
prominent, 8 to 12 on each side, divergent at an angle of 70 to 80 degrees, slightly 
arcuate, laxly anastomosing near the margin; peduncles geminate, glabrous, 3 to 5 
mm- long; involucre deeply bilobale. 4 mm. long, the lobes broadly rounded, brown, 
glabrous; receptacles subglobose, 8 to 0 mm, in diameter, glabrous, the ostioie slightly 
depressed, closed by 3 scales. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Montserrat. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
GUERRERO: Acapuleo, 1894-tfO, Palmer 355 (X, G, V). 
This species occurs in Porto Rico, Mont serrate Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica, 
St, Vincent, Barbados, and Grenada. The above description is based wholly on 
Mexican specimens, which it is suspected came from a cultivated tree, 
36, Ficus glycicarpaMiquel, Ann. Mus, Dot. Lugd. Bat, 3: 297. 1867. 
Urostiyma ghjeicarpum Miqucb Versl. Med  Kon. Akad, Amsterdam 13; 409. 1862. 
Young branches brownish, glabrous or sparsely pilose; stipules about 1 em. long, 
densely fulvous- sericeous out aide; petioles si out, 1 to 2 cm, long, sparsely short- 
pilose or glabrate; leaf blades narrowly elliptie-nhlong, narrowly obovate-oblong, or 
obovate, 7 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 7 em, wide* rounded or suhtruwate at the base and 
emarginate, sometimes deeply so, 5-nerved, obtuse or rounded at the apex and usually 
with a short broad obtuse acumen, coriaceous, glabrous, the cost a and lateral veins 
very coarse and prominent beneath, the latter 7 to 12 on each side, divergent at an 
angle of about 45 decrees, nearly straight, arcuately anastomosing near the margin; 
peduncles geminate, 2 to 3 mm. long; involucre bilobatc, small, thin, brown; recep- 
tacles globose, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, glabrous or nearly so, the ostiole not promi- 
nent, closed by 3 brown scales. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Hacienda do la Laguna, Veracruz, Type collected by Schiede, 
July,1829. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
VERACRUZ: Region of Orizaba. August, ISlJfL Bourgcuu 2818 (X. Gb 
Bourgeau'g collection is the only one seen by the writer which agrees with Miqucl's 
description. Miquel describes the largest leaf blades as being 20 cm. Io:i^ and 7.5 
cm, wide, dimensions which arc not quite equaled by the present specimens. 
37. Rcus bonplandiana (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus, Hot, Lugd. Bat 3: 298. 1867, 
Ficus obtusifolia II. B, K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 2:49. 1817, not F. obtusifolia Roxb. 1814. 
^Urostigma in mint um Liebm. Dausk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V, 2: 320. 1851. 
Urosfigma honplandianum Liebm, Dansk. Vid, Selsk, Skrivt. V. 2: 323, 1851. 
'IFi-cus involute* Miquel. Ann* Mus. Hot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 1867. 
A large tree with short thick trunk and spreading crown: young branches very 
stout, densely leafy at the ends, sparsely puberulent: stipules triangular-oblong, 
acuminate, 1,5 to 3 cm. long, thin, dark brown, glabrous; petioles stout, 1 to 2 cm. 
long, glabrous; leaf blades obovate-oblong to broadly obovatc, 11 to 21 cm long, 5 
to 9.5 cm. wide, cuneately narrowed to the base or rarely obtuse, rounded at the 
apex, coriaceous, concolorous, glabrous, the lateral veins prominent beneath, 6 to 8 on 
each side, ascending at an angle of 45 degrees, arcuate, distant and not closely parallel, 
obscurely anastomosing near the margin, the veil dels conspicuous, finely reticulate; 
peduncles geminate, 2 to 4 mm, long, very stout: involucre large, bilobate, often 
covering nearly half the receptacle, the lobes rounded, often split at the apex, finely 
and densely sericeous; receptacles globose, 1,5 to 2 cm. in diameter, densely and 
finely sericeous, the ostiole prominent, 3 mm, broad, the scales broad, rounded; 
sepals ferruginous. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Near Acapulco, Guerrero.   Type collected by Bonpland. 
STASDLKY—MEXICAN  AND  CEXTKAL  AMERICAN FICUS. 31 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
SINALOA: MazatUin, April, 1910, Rose, Standby & Russell 14104 (N);  February 
10, 1890, Brandegee(C). 
TEPIC: Near Pedro Paulo, August, 1S97. Rose 1072 CS). 
SAN LUIS POTOSI: Micos, December, 1891 , Primjh 3977 (N, G, F).   Pan Diegnito, 
June, 1905, Palmer 635 (F, H, 
OAXACA: Road between Nopala and Mixistepe<\ alt. 240 to 1,200 meters, March, 
1895, Nehan 2434 fXf G). 
GUERRERO; Acapulco, 1804-95, /WW*Y 373 (N, G. Y\. 
MICHOACAN: Ostula, November, 190(5, Emrivk 101 (F). 
YUCATAN: Cozumel Island, April, 1901, Goldman (550 (N, F).    Trogreso, 1901, 
Goldman 609 fX, F\ 
GUATEMALA: Gualan, Department of Zacapa, alt, 122 meters, January, 1900, 
Kellerman 5019 fNh    Joyabaj (El Quirh^ May, 1906,  Cook 23 (N).    Es- 
cuintla, Department of Escuintla, alt, 330 meters, March, 1890, J, D, Smith 
2011(G). 
COSTA RICA: Near Nieoya, February, 1SKM), /-'imVr 13R35 (N). 
This is one of the strangler figs.   In Costa Rica the native name is given as "palo 
de agua;" at Acapulco it is l(amate.M   A tree at the latter locality, photographed by 
Palmer, has a trunk 1,8 meters in diameter, and a crown 19 meters broad. 
The species has a remarkably wide range as compared with most of our speciee, 
yet the specimens are very uniform. 
The description of UrmtUjma mmlntmn strongly suggests this species. The 
peduncles are very short, and the young receptacles might well be taken to be sessile, 
as described by Liebmann. The type was* collected between Sapoa and Tortuga, 
Nicaragua, by Orated. 
88. Ficus jonesii Standley, ep, nov. 
Large tree with glabrous branches and leaves; .stipules short, thin, sparsely sericeous 
outside; petioles slender, 3.5 to 7 cm. long; leaf blades oval-oblong to broadly ovate- 
oblong, very irregular in outline, 7.5 to 17.5 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm. wide, broad at the 
base and cordate or subcordate, 5-ncrved, slightly narrowed to the broadly rounded 
or very obtuse apex, sometimes short-apiculatc, thin, bright green, concolorous, the 
margins often undulate, the lateral veins rather prominent beneath, 5 to 9 on each 
side, distant, ascending at an angle of 50 to GO degrees, snbarcuate, laxly anastomosing 
near the margin, the veinlets prominent, reticulate: receptacles globose, 2.5 cm, in 
diameter, densely hirtollous: sepals ferruginous. 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 237SS8, collected at La Palma, Jalisco, 
Mexico, June 7, 1892, by Marcus E. Jones (no. 33). Sterile specimens of the same 
species Were collected above Colomas, Sinaloa, July, 1897, by J. N. Rose (no, 3220). 
Mr. Jones states that this is a very large tree with the general appearance of the 
honey locust, Gleditsia triaeanthos. The species is well distinguished by the broad, 
irregular, long-petiolate, cordate or subcordate leaves. These are very irregular in 
outline and sometimes almost four-sided * The single receptacle of the type specimen 
is detached, consequently it may have been either sessile or pedunculate; probably 
it was pedunculate. 
39. Ficus pittieri Standley, sp, nov. 
Tree with glabrous branches and leaves; stipules shorty densely white sericeous- 
petioles stout, 2,5 to 4 cm. long, glabrous; leaf blades oval or oblong-oval, 10 to 21 cm, 
long, 7,5 to 10.5 cm. wide, rounded at the base and slightly decurrent, 5-nerved, 
rounded at the apex and broadly short-apiculate, deep green, concolorous, rather thin, 
with subundulate margins, the lateral veins 11 to 13 on each side, prominent but slender, 
divergent at an angle of tiO to 80 degrees, straight, rather distant, arcuately anastomos- 
ing near the margin, the vein lets inconspicuous but very finely reticulate; peduncles 
32 CONTRIBUTIONS  FEOil  THE  NATIONAL  HERBARIUM, 
geminate, about 3 mm. long and nearly as thick, glabrate; involucre bilobate, 7 mm, 
broad, the lobes rounded, thin, brown, spreading, glabrate; receptacles about 2cm, 
in diameter, globose, green spotted with blackish purple, glabrate, the oatiole not 
prominent, 4 mm. broad, closed by 3 broad, rounded, dark brown scales; sepals fer- 
ruginous . 
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 676759, collected around Gamboa, Canal 
Zone, Panama, altitude 20 to 100 meters, February 1, 1911, by H. Httier (no, 2602). 
Very similar to the type is Fendler's no. 285 from Chagrea, Panama, which has blades 
almost exactly the same in outline but emarginate at the base. This is an important 
character, and consequently Fendler's collection may well represent a distinct species. 
It includes a single detached receptacle, much distorted by pressure. Until better 
fruit is obtained it seems best to refer this plant to F\ pitiieri 
Ficus pittieri resembles F. hnnshyana, but in the latter species the receptacles are 
much smaller. 
40. Ficus goldmanii Standley, ep, nov+ 
Large tree with a short, very thick trunk supported by buttresses; branches gray or 
light brown, the young ones stout, glabrous or nearly so; stipules short, acuminate, 
sericeous or puberulent outside; petioles 1,8 to 3.5 mm. long, pruinose-puberulent, 
becoming glabrate; leaf blades oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7 to 17 cm. long, 3.5 to 7,3 
cm. wide, rounded and cordate or emarginate at the 3 or 5-nerved base, the sinus 
closed, sometimes 3 to 4 mm, deep, slightly narrowed to an obtuse rounded apex or 
broadly rounded, sometimes subemarginate, thick-coriaceous, pale green, lustrous on 
the upper surface, slightly paler beneath, glabrous, the costa very stout and promi- 
nent beneath, the lateral veins evident but not prominent, 5 to 13 on each side, 
divergent at an angle of about 60 degrees, nearly straight, laxly arcuate-anastomosing 
near the margin, the veinlets inconspicuous; peduncles geminate, slender, 10 to 13 
mm. long, minutely puberulent; involucre bilobate; receptacles globose, 2 to 2.5 cm. 
in diameter, spotted with light and dark green, grayish-puberulent or sparsely hirtel- 
lous with white hairs, the ostiole not prominent, 3 to 4.5 mm. broad, closed by thin, 
obtuse, green or brown scales; sepals pate brown. 
Type in the TJ+ S, National Herbarium, no. 33578G, collected at Alamos, Sonora, 
Mexico, January 1, 1899, by K A. Goldman (no. 2S8>. There is a specimen of the 
sime collection in the Gray Herbarium. 
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
SONORA: Arroyo at base of Sierra de Alamos, March, 1910, Rose, Standley <fc Rus- 
sell 13006 (N). 
SINALOA: Cofradfa, October, 1904, Brandegee (Cj. 
DURANGO: Chacala, March, 1899, Goldman 355 (G). 
JALISCO: Near Guadalajara, September, 1891, Pringh 3890 (X, F). 
The proposed species is related to Fiats lapctthifolia, but in that the leaf blades are 
larger, pubescent, and on usually shorter petioles, and the receptacles are more copi- 
ously pubescent. It is related also to Flcust yitcatanemis, but that species differs in 
having the proportionally broader leaf blades scarcely or not at all emarginate at the 
base, 
A specimen in the National Herbarium, collected between Salama and Rabinal, 
Guatemala, in May, 1904, by O, F. Cook and C. B. Doyle, the writer can not dis- 
tinguish from F. goldmanii. The material, however, is in very poor condition, the 
receptacles being molded and broken. The leaves are not exactly like those of F, 
goldmanii, and with better material it may be possible to distinguish it specifically, 
Pringle's no. 3890 was distributed as "Ficus guadalajaran<it Wats,, n. sp.,'' but some 
confusion must be involved, for the plant described under that name is a quite differ- 
ent species. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND  CENTEAL AMERICAN FICUS. 33 
41, Ficus yucatanensis Stand]ey, sp. nov. 
Branchlets stout, 5 to 8 mm, thick, yellowish or gray, glabrous; stipules 10 to 15 
mm, long, narrowly triangular, attenuate, firm, brown, minutely puberulent outside 
and sparsely strigose; petioles stout, 1 to 2A cm. long, glabrous; leaf blades oval, 
narrowly oval, or oval-oblong, 8 to 20 cm. long, 4.3 to 9.5 cm, wide, rounded at the 
base and sometimes subemaiTginate, 3 or 5-nerved. broadly rounded or obtuse at the 
apex, coriaceous or subcoriaceoua. glabrous, green on the upper surface and closely 
punctate, beneath pale or golden brown, the costa prominent, stout, with a glandular 
area at the base, the lateral veins sub prominent beneath but very slender, 8 to 11 
on each side, distant, straight, divergent at an angle of 45 to 80 degrees, arcuately 
anastomosing near the margin, the veinlets inconspicuous, laxly reticulate; peduncles 
geminate, 1 cm. long, glabrate; involucre biiobate, 7 mm. in greatest diameter, the 
lobes rounded, thin* brown, glabrous; receptacles globose, 2 cm. in diameter, glabrous 
or nearly so, the ostiole not prominent, 2 to 4 mm. broad, closed by 3 broad brown 
scales; sepals dark ferruginous, 
Type in the XL S, National Herbarium, no. 396917, collected at Chichen Itzd, 
YucatAn, Mexico, in late January or early February, 1901, by E. A, Goldman (no. 
554), There is a specimen of the same collection in the herbarium of the Field 
Museum of Natural History. Also collected on rocks along the seashore, Cozumel, 
Yucat&n, April, 1901, by E. A, Goldman (no. 657) (N, F). 
Related to Ficus lapathifoliat but distinguished by the glabrous leaves and nearly 
or quite glabrous receptacles. The type was determined by Dr, J, M. Greenman as 
Ficus trigonata L. U The type of that species was obtained by Dalberg in Surinam, 
but its identification, as stated by Warburg,2 is obscure, and its description does not 
suggest the present plant, Ficus trigonata has been reported from the West Indies, 
but Warburg refers all the material so determined to other species. 
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
Ficus BOTRYAPIOIDES Kimth & Bouchg, Ind. Bern. Hort. Berol. 15. 1846. 
Urostigma botryapioides Miquel, Bond* Jo urn. Bot. 0: 538. 1847. 
Described from cultivated plants believed to have come from Mexico. Warburg * 
considers it only a form of F. populnea Willd.* and states that its origin was probably 
West Indian. 
Ficus CALYCULATA Mill. Gard. Diet. ed. 8. Ficus no. 11. 1768. 
This species, the first described from Mexico, it has been impossible to identify. 
It was based upon material sent from Veracruz by Houstoun and grown in England. 
The essential part* of Miller's description arn as follows: "This rises with many 
shrubby stalks tu tho height of twelve or fourteen feet, and divides into many smaller 
branches, which arc garnished with oval stiff leaves, which are obtuse; they are four 
inches long and three broad, of a light green, and stand upon very short footstalks, 
which are joined to a cup, in which the fruit sits; this is globular and the size of a 
middling nutmeg, of a deep yellow, when ripe, but is not eatable.3' The descrip- 
tion suggests F. cotinifoliat except that that has a smaller receptacle than indicated, 
The locality Veracruz does not necessarily imply that Houstoun's material came from 
either the city or State of that name, for it was used at that time to indicate Mexico 
as a whole. The type, if any was preserved, is not to be found in the herbarium of 
the British Museum* where Miller's herbarium is deposited. 
1
 SuppL PL 441. 17S1. 
2
 In Urban. Symb. Antill. 3: 403, 1903. 
3
 In Urban. Pvmb. Antill. 3: 479. 1903. 
34 CONTRIBUTIONS  FROM  THE  NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 
Ficus FUSCESCENS {Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus, Rot. Lugd. Baf. 3: 298. 1S67. 
Urostigmaf fusee&cens Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt, V, 2: 329. 1851. 
Young branches thick ish, terete, rugose, fuscous; leaves alternate, the blades 
lanceolate, 13 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, acute at both ends, gradually attenuate 
at the base to the petiole, dark green on the upper surface (black when dry), glabrous, 
the costa slightly prominent, silicate, rufmip-villosuloiis beneath, especially on the 
prominent costa and veins, the margin slightly undulate; pdiolcs pilosulous. 6 to 
8 mm. long, canaliculate above; stipules convolute rufous-villous, lanci'ulatc. acute; 
receptacles not known. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Col I pa, Veracruz.    Typo collected by Licbmann. 
The plant may not be a Ficus. 
Ficus GUMMIFERA liertoL Mem. Accad. Sri. Bologna 10: 40. pL 9. 1859. 
Evidently, from the description and illustration, a species of Castilla, According 
to Mr. H. Pittier it is, apparently, the same as Castilla guatemalmsis Pittier,1 The 
species should, therefore, be known as Castilla guramifera (Bertob) Pittier. The 
type came from Escuintla, Guatemala* 
UROSTTGMA? NUMMULARIA Liebm, Danek. Vid, Sel^k, Skrivt, V, 2: 330. 18ol. 
Founded on stcnle specimens obtained at various localities in Mexico by Liebmann. 
It is evidently not a Ficus. 
Ficus NYMPHAEIFOLIA L. Mant. PI. 305. 1707. 
This species was reported from southern Dan en, Panama, by S cemann r but he was 
not certain as to the determination. The species is to bo expected in Panama, since 
it occurs in Colombia. It may be recognized by the broad leaf blades, 19 to 21 cm. 
long and 16 to 18 cm. wide, deeply cordate at the base and broadly rounded at the 
apex, The only material seen by the writer ie II. H. Smith's no. 1455 from Santa 
Mart a, Colombia. 
Ficus PERGAMENEA Galeotti; Miquel, Ann, Mus. Rot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 221, 1867. 
Described from sterile cultivated plant?. Miquel gives the origin of these, with a 
query, as Mexico. 
Ficus PORTE AN A Itcgel, Gartenflora 1862: 280. 1862. 
In the Index Kewensis* the distribution of this species is given as Mexico* but this 
is evidently an error, for in the original description it was stated that it came from the 
Philippines. 
UROSTTGMA? SCANDENS Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Solsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 330. 1851. 
This, a new combination at the place cited, was based on Firus smndena Lam. fa true 
Ficus), and Liebmann cited specimens of his collection from Mirador. Mexico. These, 
according to Warburg,4 are really of the genus Marcgravia. 
CULTIVATED SPECIES. 
Ficus CARICA L. Sp. PL 1059. 1753. 
The common fig ia widely cultivated in Mexico and Central America, and probably 
has escaped from cultivation in some places, but no specimens have been seen by the 
writer. 
Ficus CKASSINEHVIA Willd. Sp. PL 4: 1138. 180(1. 
This is a West Indian species, occurring in Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Guadeloupe, 
Martinique, and Santa Lucia.   A specimen in the herbarium of the Field Museum of 
1
 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 272. /;/. .tt-jy.f. M. 57. 1910. 
2
 Bot. Voy, Herald lfl5. 185-1. 
% 2: JK52. 1803. 
4
 In Urban, Svmb. Antill. 3: 401. vm. 
STANDLEY—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMEBICAN FICUS. 35 
Natural History, from Moria, Puebla, collected by Nicolas, seems to belong here, and 
probably was taken from a cultivated specimen, since no similar or closely related 
species is otherwise known from Mexico, It has glabrous, oval leaf blades 7,5 to 10 
cm. long, and nearly sessile, globose receptacles 9 to 15 mm, in diameter. 
Ficus ELASTICA Roxb. Hort. Beng, 65, 1814, 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
COSTA RICA: Nuestro A mo, Herb. Arac, Costa Rica 17551 (N). 
This, the common rubber plant of the florists, is a native of Asia or Malaysia. It is 
distinguished by its thick, closely veined, cuspidate leaf blades and elongate recep- 
tacles. 
Ficus NITIDA Thunb, Ficus Digs. 10, 178G, 
?Ficus arbidifolia Link, Enum. PI. 2: 450. 1822, not F. arbutifolia Pers. 1807. 
?Urostiffmaarbutifolium Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13: 412.1862, 
?Fiats polypus Schiede; Miquel, loc, cit. as synonym. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
SINALOA: Mazatl&n, 1910, Rose, Standley & Rimell 14158 (N). 
VERACRUZ: Pueblo Viejo, near Tampico, 1910, Palmer 368 (N). 
MICHOACAN: Morelia, 1909, Anfoie 54 (F)t 60 (F). 
YUCATAN: M£ridat 1900, Ritas 39 (F),   Ticul, 1903, C. & E. Seler 3869 (F). 
Known in Yucatdn as "laurel" and "alamo extrangero." 
A native of Asia, often planted in tropical America as a shade tree. It is a hand* 
some large tree with wide-spreading, very dense crown and glossy dark green leaves. 
The leaf blades are broadly obovate, pointed at the apex, glabrous, finely and closely 
veined; the receptacles are depressed-globose, small, with a 3-lobed involucre. 
The descriptions of Ficus arbutifolia suggest this species very strongly, Link's 
species was based upon plants cultivated at Berlin, 
Ficus RELIGIOSA L. Sp. PL 1059. 1753. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 
YUCATXN: IKrida, 1916, Gaumer 23191 (F). 
PANAMA: Plaza de la Gatedral, Panama, 1911, Pittier 3399 (N), 
Readily recognized by its broadly ovate-deltoid leaf blades, with a linear acumen 
4 to 5 cm. long.   The tree is known at Merida as "dlamo cubano."   It is a native of 
the East Indies, but is widely grown aa a shade tree elsewhere in the Tropics, 
Ficus sp. 
A specimen collected in the hospital grounds at Ancdn, Canal Zone, Panama (Pittier 
6523), the writer has been unable to determine. It is one of the cauliflorous species, 
the receptacle* beiim borne in naked panicles.    Probably it is an Asiatic plant.