SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONSVOLUME 131, NUMBER 5
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A CHECK-LIST OF THE FOSSIL ANDPREHISTORIC BIRDS OF NORTHAMERICA AND THEWEST INDIES
ByALEXANDER WETMOREResearch Associate, Smithsonian Institution
(Publication 4228)
CITY OF WASHINGTONPUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIONJANUARY 25, 1956
THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC.BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A.
Cftacles! ©. anb iHarp *^aux lEalcott B^ctfcarcft jFunbA CHECK-LIST OF THE FOSSIL AND PRE-HISTORIC BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICAAND THE WEST INDIESBy ALEXANDER WETMOREResearch Associate, Smithsonian InstitutionThe present check-list is an ampHfication of the one published inthe Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections in 1940 (vol. 99, No, 4)and is complete to November 1955 so far as records have come to at-tention. To the present time these check-lists have covered the area ofthe check-list of living birds of the American Ornithologists' Union,namely North America north of Mexico, with the addition of BajaCalifornia. It has seemed desirable now to include also the records,comparatively few in number, for Mexico and the West Indies, sincethis information is complementary and otherwise is available only inwidely scattered sources. Various of these latter records are of speciesof birds described from bones found during archeological excavationsin Indian kitchen middens of pre-Columbian age or during the ex-ploration of caverns. The species concerned have long been extinct, sothat the only knowledge regarding them is embodied in their skeletalremains. No living examples have been known. It is useful thereforeto include them for reference with other species of fossil status, sincethey do not figure in check-lists of existing birds and since possiblythey may be encountered at some future time in true fossil form. Theyhave the same pertinence therefore as species described from Pleisto-cene beds whose bones have been found subsequently in Recentdeposits.The considerable amount of information now available has allowedmore detail relative to geological formations from which the variousrecords have come, and these data have been brought down to date asfar as practicable. In this I have had the advice in certain cases ofDruid Wilson, of the U. S. Geological Survey, and also have profitedfrom discussions with Dr. C. Wythe Cooke of the same service, par-ticularly as to formations of the southeastern United States.In the records from the Pleistocene there has been sufficient studyof the deposits of this age known from the western United States toallow indication of position, as to whether they are considered early orSMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 131, NO. 5
2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
late, of most of the faunas. The situation in Florida is not so clear.Bone beds at Melbourne and Vero overlie the Anastasia formation,a marine Pleistocene deposit, and therefore are considered late Pleisto-cene. Apparently a newer find at Haile in Alachua County may befrom a similar level. The Seminole Field in Pinellas County also ap-pears to overlie the beds of the west coast of Florida that are con-sidered equivalent to the Anastasia, if not exactly the same formation.However, Pliocene exposures are near at hand so that the sequence,from present knowledge, is not clear-cut as it is at Melbourne. In-formation relative to the localities at Bradenton, Sarasota, and on theItchtucknce River is far from definite, and other deposits found incaverns, while evidently Pleistocene, are still more uncertain as toactual relationship within that period. Collecting continues actively inthe Florida Pleistocene, and presently there should be accumulatedsufficient data on the avifauna to permit a reasonable correlation. Inthe meantime it has seemed better to list all the Florida records asPleistocene without attempt to indicate the level. To list Melbourneand Vero alone, for example, as late Pleistocene might be misleading.Recent investigations of Dr. Joseph T. Gregory (Condor, 1952,pp. 73-88) have changed measurably the time-honored concept inwhich the species of Ichthyornis have been associated with theHcsperornis group in a superorder (Odontognathae) of the Neorni-thes, characterized by the possession of teeth. The skull of Ichthyor-nis always has presented an anomaly in that the teeth were in socketsinstead of in grooves as in Hcsperornis. Further, the mandible, orlower jaw, was unduly large in comparison with the rest of the skulland the body skeleton. Dr. Gregory has shown that the jaws attributedto Ichthyornis in reality are reptilian and are those of a smallmosasaur.These conclusions destroy the main reasons for the association ofIchthyornis and Hcsperornis in one superorder, though still leavingIchthyornis apart from birds known from later periods to the present,in the biconcave vertebrae. In preliminary consideration it seemedthat it might be desirable in the classification to cancel the categoryof superorders, but on further consideration it appears useful toemphasize the considerable and definite differences that separateHcsperornis, Ichthyornis, and the penguins from each other and fromother groups of birds. This may be accomplished through a newsuperorder Ichthyornithes for the order Ichthyornithiformes, leavingHcsperornis and those others placed near it in the Odontognathae.This will serve as stated above to call attention to the existing peculi-arities of these groups and will give a balanced treatment.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 3The family Mancallidae is added for the two species of Mancalla atpresent recognized, since resemblance between these and the great aukappears due to convergence. The two west-coast forms differ fromother auks in the marked modification of the wing for use as a flipper.The genera Paloelodus and Megapaloclodiis have been placed with thetypical flamingos in the Phoenicopteridae, a group to which they areunquestionably related. Dr. Hildegarde Howard recently pointed outtheir differences in the shorter, heavier metatarsus, nonpneumaticfemur, and different form in the tibiotarsus and has proposed thefamily Paloelodidae. To the differences outlined by Dr. Howardthere may be added the form of the bill, which, to judge from oneincomplete specimen of Paloelodus ambiguiis Milne Edwards of theOligocene of western Europe, was gooselike and not bent downwardas in the true flamingos. It may be noted also that the toes in Paloe-lodus were definitely longer.The modern species that occur in the fossil record are distinguishedfrom those not known in living form by the inclusion of a commonname in the heading and the statement that the bird is one found inmodern form. Most of these are listed under specific scientific nameswithout regard to local race, since most subspecies may not be identi-fied from bones. It is extremely doubtful procedure in most instancesto assume that Pleistocene subspecies were the same as those en-countered in the region today, and assumption of race is made onlywhere there is reasonable certainty of the identification. The specificnames therefore are used in an inclusive sense, though it is evident inwide-ranging groups that two or more subspecies may be covered inthe fossil record, for example, in the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus,where bones identified as this .species are known from such widelyseparated localities as Maryland and California. This should be under-stood particularly in cases like that of the raven, Corvus corax, ormarsh hawk. Circus cyaneus, where the range extends to other con-tinents.The present list gives the record of 189 forms still living, and of248 species recorded only in an extinct state, this including 1 1 kindsknown only from bones in cave or midden deposits of Recent age.There remain the 12 additional names of uncertain status listed at theend under the heading incertae sedis. The increase from the 165modern forms and 184 extinct species of the list of 1940 is indicativeof the growth in knowledge in this field during the comparatively briefinterval of 15 years but reveals only part of the increase since manyadditional records have been found for numerous living species in-cluded in 1940.
4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IClass AVES : BirdsSubclass NEORNITHES: True BirdsSuperorder ODONTOGNATHAE: New World Toothed BirdsOrder HESPERORNITHIFORMES : HesperornithesFamily HESPERORNITHIDAE : HesperornithesGenus HESPERORNIS MarshHesperornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1872, p. 360. Type, bymonotypy, Hesperornis regalis Marsh.Hesperornis crassipes (Marsh)Lestornis crassipes Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 11, 1876, p. 509.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Western Kansas.Hesperornis montana ShufeldtHesperornis montana Shufeldt, Auk, vol. 32, No. 3, July 1915, p. 293, pi. 18,figs. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.Upper Cretaceous (Claggett formation) : i mile above mouth ofDog Creek, Fergus County, Montana.Hesperornis regalis MarshHesperornis regalis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1872, p. 357.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Smoky Hill River, 20miles east of Wallace (type locality), and Two Mile Creek, SmokyHill River, Logan County, Kansas.Hesperornis gracilis Marsh 1Hesperornis gracilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 11, 1876, p. 510.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Near Smoky Hill River,western Kansas. Genus CONIORNIS MarshaConiornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 45, 1893, p. 82. Type, bymonotypy, Coniornis alius Marsh.Coniornis altus MarshConiornis altus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 45, 1893, p. 82, text fig.Upper Cretaceous (Judith River formation) : Dog Creek, FergusCounty, Montana.
1 Gregory, Condor, vol. 54, No. 2, Mar. 26, 1952, p. 74, concludes that the genusHargeria, erected for this species by Lucas, is not separable from Hesperornis.2 Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February 1915, pp. 16,75, considers this a synonym of Hesperornis.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS WETMORE 5Family BAPTORNITHIDAE ^ : BaptornithesGenus BAPTORNIS MarshBaptornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 14, 1877, p. 86. Type, bymonotypy, Baptornis advenus Marsh.Baptornis advenus MarshBaptornis advenus Marsh, Amcr. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 14, 1877, p. 86.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Wallace County (typelocality), and Butte Creek, Logan County, Kansas.
Superorder ICHTHYORNITHES : Ichthyornis and AlliesOrder ICHTHYORNITHIFORMES : Ichthyornis and AlliesFamily ICHTHYORNITHIDAE : IchthyornithesGenus ICHTHYORNIS MarshIchthyornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, November 1872, p. 344.Type, by monotypy, Ichthyornis dispar Marsh.Ichthyornis agilis (Marsh)Craculavus agilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 5, 1873, p. 230.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Butte Creek, LoganCounty, Kansas.Ichthyornis anceps (Marsh)Graculavus anceps AIarsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1872, p. 364.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : North Fork Smoky HillRiver, Logan County, about 12 miles east of Wallace, Kansas.Ichthyornis dispar MarshIchthyornis dispar Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, 1872, p. 344.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Near Solomon River,Kansas.Ichthyornis lentus (Marsh)Graculavus lentus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 14, 1877, p. 253.Upper Cretaceous : Near McKinney, Texas.
2 Lambrecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933, pp. 258-260, unites this with the familyEnaliornithidae, on what seem insufficient grounds. As suggested by Lucas,Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 26, 1903, p. 555, Baptornis probably belongs in adistinct order.
6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Ichthyornis tener MarshIchthyornis tcner Marsh, Odontornithes, 1880, pp. 151, 198, pi. 30, fig. 8.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Wallace County, Kansas.Ichthyornis validus MarshIchthyornis validus Marsh, Odontornithes, 1880, pp. 147, 153, 198, pi. 30, figs.11-14.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Near Solomon River,Kansas.Ichthyornis victor MarshIchthyornis victor Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 11, 1876, p. 511.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Wallace County (typelocality), and Hackberry Creek, near Smoky Hill River, GoveCounty, Kansas.Family APATORNITHIDAE : ApatornitiiesGenus APATORNIS MarshApatornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 5, Jan. 21, 1873, p. 162. Type,by monotypy, Ichthyornis celer Marsh.Apatornis celer (Marsh)Ichthyornis celer Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 5, 1873, p. 74.Upper Cretaceous (Niobrara formation) : Butte Creek, LoganCounty, near Smoky Hill River, Kansas.
Supcrorder NEOGNATHAE: Typical BirdsOrder CAENAGNATHIFORMES : CaenagnatiiusFamily CAENAGNATHIDAE: CaenagnatiiusGenus CAENAGNATHUS SternbergCaenagnathus Stf.knrerg, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, January 1940, p. 81. Type, byoriginal designation, Caenagnathus collinsi Sternberg.Caenagnathus collinsi Sternberg *Caenagnathus collinsi Sternberg, Journ. Pal., vol. 14, January 1940, p. 81,figs. 1-6.Upper Cretaceous (Pale beds. Belly River series) : Quarry No. 112,Steveville map area, near mouth of Sand Creek, Alberta, Canada.
* This interesting species, known from a nearly complete mandible, is listed inthe above superorder tentatively. It is not absolutely certain that it is avian.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 7Order GAVIIFORMES : LoonsFamily GAVIIDAE : LoonsSubfamily GAVIINAEGenus GAVIA ForsterGavia J. R. Forster, Enchirid. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 38. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Colymbus imber Gunnerus =: C. immer Briinnich (Allen,1907).Gavia immer (Brunnich) : Common LoonColymbus Immer Brunnich, Orn. Borealis, 1764, p. 38.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) ;Newport Bay, Orange County, California.Gavia arctica (Linnaeus) : Arctic LoonColymbus arciicus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 135.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :San Pedro, Los Angeles County, California.Gavia concinna WetmoreGavia concinna Wetmore, Journ. Morph., vol. 66, No. i, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 25,figs. 1-4.Pliocene (Etchegoin formation) : Sweetwater Canyon (type lo-cality), 5^ miles east of King City, Monterey County, California.Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : Washington BoulevardFreeway, San Diego, California. Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) :near Brewster, Polk County, Florida.Gavia palaeodytes WetmoreGavia palaeodytes Wetmore, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 22, June 23,1943, p. 64, figs. 1-2.Middle Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Pierce (type locality)and Brewster, Polk County, Florida.Gavia howardae BrodkorbGavia howardae Brodkorb, Condor, vol. 55, No. 4, July 20, 1953, p. 212, fig. iB.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Pierce (type locality) andBrewster, Polk County, Florida.Subfamily GAVIELLINAE: GaviellaGenua GAVIELLA WetmoreGaviella Wetmore, Journ. Morph. vol. 66, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 28. Type, by originaldesignation, Gavia pusilla Shufeldt.
8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Gaviella pusilla (Shufeldt)Gavia pusilla Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Febru-ary 1 91 5, p. 70, pi. 13, fig. 106.Probably from Oligocene (White River formation) : near Lusk,Wyoming.^ Order COLYMBIFORMES : GrebesFamily COLYMBIDAE: GrebesGenus COLYMBUS LinnaeusColymhus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 135. Type, by subse-quent designation, Colymhus cristatus Linnaeus (Baird, Brewer, andRidgway, 1884). Subgenus DYTES KaupDytes Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 41. Type, by subse-quent designation, Dytes cormitus Kaup =: Colymhus auritus Linnaeus(Gray, 1842).Colymbus auritus Linnaeus: Horned GrebeColymhus auritus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 135.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Cavern deposits of Ten-nessee; Seminole Field, Pinellas County, and Itchtucknee River,Columbia County, Florida.
°
Colymbus caspicus Hablizl: Eared GrebeColymhus caspicus Hablizl, Neue Nordische Beytrage, vol. 4, 1783, p. 9.Modern form reported from Pliocene (Ogallala formation) : EdsonQuarry, Sherman County, Kansas. Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake,Oregon; San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand, lumberyard locality), LosAngeles County, California; Meade County (Vanhem formation,Jones fauna), Kansas.Colymbus oligoceanus ShufeldtColymbus oligoceanus Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 191 5, p. 54.? Oligocene (John Day) : Lower Willow Creek, Baker County,Oregon.
^ See Wetmore, A., Journ. Morph., vol. 66, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 30.° Specimens from Fossil Lake, Oregon, formerly included under this specieshave been found by Hildegarde Howard to represent Colymhus caspicus andPodilymbus podiccps.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 9Colymbus parvus ShufeldtColymbiis parvus Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art. 6,July 9, 1913, p. 136, pi. 39, fig- 477-Pliocene (Tulare formation) : Kern County, California. MiddlePliocene (San Diego formation) : San Diego, California. Late Pleisto-cene: Fossil Lake (type locality), Oregon.
Genus PLIODYTES BrodkorbPliodytes Brodkorb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, vol. 6, December 1953,p. 953, I fig. Type, by original designation, Pliodytes lanquisti Brodkorb.Pliodytes lanquisti BrodkorbPliodytes lanquisti Brodkorb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12, vol. 6, December1953, P- 953, I fig-Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Genus AECHMOPHORUS Coues
^chmophorus CouES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 14, No. 5, April-May (Aug. i), 1862, p. 229. Type, by original designation, Podiceps occi-dentalis Lawrence.Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence) : Western GrebePodiceps occidentalis Lawrence, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl.and Surv. R. R. Pac, vol. 9, 1858, pp. liv, 892, 894.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rodeo, San FranciscoBay region.Aechmophorus lucasi MillerAechmophorus lucasi L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 6, No. 4, Feb. 4, 191 1, p. 83, figs. 1-3.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake (type locality), Oregon;^ PalosVerdes sand, New^port Bay, Orange County, Playa del Rey, SanPedro, Los Angeles County, and near Manix, San Bernardino County,California.
'' Includes various specimens formerly listed under Colymbus grisegena andAechmophorus occidentalis. Hildegarde Howard (Carnegie Inst. WashingtonPubl. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 148-151) considers lucasi the Pleistocene ancestorof modern A. occidentalis, listing it as Aechmophorus occidentalis lucasi, therelationship being expressed in the sense of distribution through time ratherthan in the geographic sense of subspecies existing simultaneously.
10 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus PODILYMBUS LessonPodilymbtiS Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 8, June 11, 1831, p. 595. Type, bymonotypy, Podiccps caroliiicnsis Latham = Colyinbits podiceps Linnaeus,Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus) : Pied-billed Grebe ^Colymbus Podiceps Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 136.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Itchtucknee River, Columbia County, and Haile, AlachuaCounty, Florida. Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon; RanchoLa Brea, Los Angeles, and McKittrick, Kern County, California.Late Pleistocene or early Recent : Tepexpan, Mexico.
Order PROCELLARIIFORMES : Albatrosses, Shearwaters,Petrels, and AlliesFamily DIOMEDEIDAE: AlbatrossesGenus DIOMEDEA LinnaeusDiomedia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 132. Type, by subse-quent designation, Diomedca cxnlans Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Diomedea albatrus Pallas : Short-tailed AlbatrossDiomedca albatrus Pallas, Spic. Zool., vol. i, fasc. 5, 17C9, p. 28.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :Newport Bay, Orange County, Playa del Rey, Los Angeles County,California.Diomedea anglica LvdekkerDiomedea anglica Lvdekker, Cat. Foss. Birds Brit. Mus., 1891, p. 189, fig. 42.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Pierce, Polk County, Florida.^
Family PROCELLARIIDAE : Shearwaters and FulmarsGenus PUFFINUS Brisson 1°Puffimts Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 56; vol. 6, p. 130. Type, by tautonymy,Puffinus Brisson z= Proccllaria puffinus Briinnich.
^ Podilymbus magnus Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art.6, July 9, 1913, p. 136, pi. 38, figs. 439-440, 449, has been identified as F. podicepsby Wetmore, California Acad. Sci., vol. 23, Dec. 30, 1937, pp. 198-199.° Described by Lydckker from the Upper Pliocene at Foxhall, Suffolk, Eng-land. Recorded from Florida by Wetmore, Proc. New England Zool. Club,vol. 22, June 23, 1943, pp. 66-67, pl- 12, figs. 10-15.
^° Puffinus parz'us Shufeldt, Ibis, October 1916, p. 632, from Recent depositsin the bone caves of Bermuda is considered a synonym of Puffinus Ihcrminieri.Puffinus mcgalli Shufeldt, Ibis, October 1916, p. 630, from Recent deposits in thebone caves of Bermuda seemingly is Puffinus puffinus.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE IISubgenus PUFFINUS BrissonPuflSnus griseus (Gmelin) : Sooty ShearwaterProccllaria grisca Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 564.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :Newport Bay, Orange County; near San Pedro (lumberyard locality)and Playa del Rey, Los Angeles County, California.PufiSnus puflSnus (Brunnich) : Common ShearwaterProccllaria Puffinus Brunnich, Orn. Borealis, 1764, p. 29.Modern form reported from Pleistocene (Melbourne bone bed) :Melbourne, Florida. Late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) : SanPedro and Playa del Rey, Los Angeles County, California.^^Puffinus inceptor WetmorePuffinus inceptor Wetmore, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 19, No. 8,July 15, 1930, p. 86, figs. 1-3.Middle Miocene (Temblor formation) : Sharktooth Hill, about 7miles northeast of Bakersfield, California.Puffinus diatomicus MillerPuffinus diatomicus L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349,August 1925, p. Ill, pis. I, 2, 7a.Middle Miocene (Temblor formation, Turritella ocoyaiia zone) :Lompoc (type locality). Miocene (Monterey shale) : Lomita andSan Pedro breakwater, San Pedro, California.Puffinus kanakoffi Howard ^^Puffinus kanakoffi Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 584, June 22,1949, p. 187, pi. 2, figs. 3, 5.Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : Washington BoulevardFreeway, San Diego, California.Puffinus felthami Howard ^^Puffinus felthami Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 584, June 22,1949, p. 194, pi. 2, figs. 4, 6.Late Lower Pliocene: 3 miles north of Corona del Mar, OrangeCounty, California.
^^ The California records refer to Puffiinus puffinus opisthomelas Coues, for-merly listed as a separate species.
^2 Subgeneric allocation provisional.
12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, I3ISubgenus ARDENNA ReichenbachArdenna Reichenbach, Avium Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, bymonotypy, Procellaria major Faber = P. gravis O'Reilly.Puflfinus conradi MarshPuffinus conradi Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, 1870, p. 212.Middle Miocene (Calvert formation) : Maryland.
Genus FULMARUS StephensFuhmrns Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Z06I., vol. 13, pt. i, Feb. 18, 1826, p. 233.Type, by subsequent designation, Procellaria glacialis Linnaeus (Gray,1855).Fulmarus glacialis (Linnaeus) : FulmarProcellaria glacialis Linnaeus, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, p. 51.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :Newport Bay, Orange County; San Pedro, Los Angeles County,California.
Family HYDROBATIDAE: Storm PetrelsGenus OCEANODROMA ReichenbachOceanodroma Reichenbach, Avium Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. iv. Type, byoriginal designation, Procellaria jiircata Gmelin.Oceanodroma hubbsi MillerOceanodroma hubbsi L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 53, No. 2, Mar. 27, 1951, p. 78,fig. I.Upper Miocene (Capistrano formation ") : About i mile south ofCapistrano Beach, Orange County, California.
Order PELECANIFORMES : Tropicbirds, Pelicans, Frigatebirds,and AlliesSuborder PELECANI : Pelicans, Boobies, Cormorants, and DartersSuperfamily PELECANOIDEA : Pelicans and AlliesFamily PELECANIDAE: PelicansGenus PELECANUS LinnaeusPelecanus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 132. Type, by subse-quent designation, Pelecanus onocrotalus Linnaeus (Gray, 1940).13 Possibly Lower Pliocene.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE I3Subgenus CYRTOPELICANUS ReichenbachCyrtopclicanns Reiciienbach, Avium Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. vii. Type,by original designation, Pckcamis trachyrhynchns Latham = P. crythro-rhy licit OS Gmelin.Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin : White PelicanPdccanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 571.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Manix lake beds, near Manix, San Bernardino County, California.? Pleistocene : Rattlesnake Hill, Fallon, Nevada.Pelecanus halieus WetmorePelecanus halieus Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 87, No. 20, Dec.27, 1933, p. 3, figs. 1-2.Upper Pliocene (Hagerman lake beds) : Near Hagerman, Idaho.
Subgenus LEPTOPELICANUS ReichenbachLeptopclicanus Reichenbach, Avium Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. vii. Type,by original designation, Pelecanus fuscus Gmelin = P. occidentalis Lin-naeus.Pelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus : Brown PelicanPelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 215.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.
Family CYPHORNITHIDAE: CyphornithesGenus CYPHORNIS CopeCyphornis Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 9, May 31,1894, p. 449. Type, by monotypy, Cyphornis tnagnus Cope.Cyphornis magnus CopeCyphornis magnus Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, vol. 9,May 31, 1894, p. 451.Middle Oligocene : Carmanah Point, Vancouver Island, BritishColumbia. Genus PALAEOCHENOIDES ShufeldtPalaeochenoides Shufeldt, Geol. Mag., n.s. 4, vol. 3, August 1916, p. 347.Type, by monotypy, Palaeochendides mioceanus Shufeldt.
14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I31
Palaeochenoides mioceanus ShufeldtPalaeochenoides mioceanus Shufeldt, Geol. Mag., n.s. 4, vol. 3, August 1916,p. 347, pl. IS-Miocene (Hawthorn formation) : Near source of Stono River,South Carolina.
Superfamily SULOIDEA: Boobies, Cormorants, Darters, and AlliesFamily SULIDAE: Boobies and GannetsGenus SULA BrissonSula Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 60; vol. 6, p. 494. Type, by tautonymy,Sula Brisson = Pelccanus piscator Linnaeus.
Subgenus SULA BrissonSula stocktoni MillerSula stocktoni L. H. Miller, Publ. Univ. California at Los Angeles Biol.Sci., vol. I, No. 5, Mar. 12, 1935, p. 75, fig. 2.Middle Miocene (Monterey shale) : Near Lomita, Los AngelesCounty, California.Sula willetti MillerSiila willetti L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349, August 1925,p. 112, pis. 3, 8, fig. I.Middle Miocene (Temblor formation, Turritella ocoyana zone) :Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, California,Sula guano BrodkorbSula guano Brodkorb, Florida Geol, Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, November1955, P- 9, figs. 2, 5, 8.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.Sula pbosphata BrodkorbSula phosphata Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, November1955, p. II, figs. 3> 6, 9-Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Subgenus MICROSULA WetmoreMicrosula Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, Jan. 14, 1938, p. 25. Type,by original designation, Sula (Microsula) az'ita Wetmore.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 1
5
Sula avita WetmoreSula avita Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, Jan. 14, 1938, p. 22,figs. 2-3.Middle Miocene (Calvert formation) : western shore of ChesapeakeBay, near Plumpoint, Calvert County, Maryland.
Genus MIOSULA MillerMiosula L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349, August 1925,p. 114. Type, by monotypy, Miosula media Miller.Miosula media MillerMiosula media L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349, August1925, p. 114, pl. 5-Middle Miocene (Temblor formation, Turritella ocoyana zone) :Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, California.Miosula recentior HowardMiosula recentior Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 584, June 22,1949, p. 190, pl. 2, figs. i-2a.Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : Curlew Street, oppositeOstego Drive, San Diego, California.
Genus MORUS VieillotMorns Vieillot, Analyse, April 1816, p. 63. Type, by monotypy, Pelecanusbassanus Linnaeus.Morus loxostyla (Cope)i*Sula loxostyla Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, n.s., vol. 14, December 1870,p. 236, fig. S3.Miocene: Calvert County (type locality), Maryland; New Jersey.Morus vagabundus WetmoreMoris vagabundus Wetmore, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 19, No. 8,July 15, 1930, p. 89, fig. 4-Middle Miocene (Temblor formation) : Sharktooth Hill (typelocality), about 7 miles northeast, and west branch of Granite Creek,II miles north of Bakersfield, California.
^* Sula atlantica Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Feb-ruary 1915, p. 62, pl. 15, fig. 123, from the Miocene of New Jersey, is considereda synonym of M. loxostyla; cf. Wetmore, Auk, 1926, p. 465.
l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IMoms lompocana (Miller)Sula lompocana L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349, August1925, p. 114, pis. 4, 7b, 9-Middle Miocene (Temblor formation, Turritella ocoyana zone) :Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, California.Morus peninsularis BrodkorbMortis peninsularis Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, No-vember 195s, p. 8, figs. I, 4, 7.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.Morus reyana HowardMoris reyana Howard, Condor, vol. 38, No. 5, Sept. 15, 1936, p. 213, fig. 37.Late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) : Newport Bay, OrangeCounty; Playa del Rey (type locality), Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia. Family PHALACROCORACIDAE : CormorantsGenus GRACULAVUS Marsh isGraculavus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Set., scr. 3, vol. 3, 1872, p. 363. Type, bysubsequent designation, Graculavus vclox Marsh (Hay, 1902).Graculavus pumilus MarshGraculavus pumilus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1872, p. 364.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.Graculavus velox MarshGraculavus velox Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, 1872, p. 363.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.Genus PHALACROCORAX Brisson loPhalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 60; vol. 6, p. 511. Type, bytautonymy, Phalacrocorax Brisson = Pelecanus carbo Linnaeus.Phalacrocorax wetmorei BrodkorbPltalaerocorax ivetmorei Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14,November 1955, p. 12, figs. 10, 11.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.
^^ Limosavis Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February1915, p. 19, proposed as a new genus for Graculavus vclox Marsh, is a synonymof Graculavus Marsh, as both names are based on the same species.1" No subgenera are recognized in recent studies of the cormorants.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE I7
Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson) : Double-crested CormorantCarbo auritus Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 8, June 11, 1831, p. 605.Modern form reported from Pliocene : Dry Creek, Malheur County,Oregon. Upper Pliocene (Hagerman lake beds) : Near Hagerman,Idaho. Pleistocene: Melbourne (stratum 2), Sarasota, Bradenton,Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Itchtucknee River, and Vero,Florida. Late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) : Santa Monicaand San Pedro, Los Angeles County, California. ? Pleistocene : Rattle-snake Hill, Fallon, Nevada.Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Brandt) : Brandt's CormorantCarbo penicillatus Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, vol. 3,No. 4, Nov. 16, 1837, col. 55.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :Newport Bay, Orange County ; Santa Monica and San Pedro (lumber-yard locality), Los Angeles County, California.Phalacrocorax femoralis MillerPhalacrocorax femoralis L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 31, No. 4, July 15, 1929,p. 167, figs. 58-59.Upper Miocene (Modclo formation) : Calabasas, Los AngelesCounty, California.Phalacrocorax idahensis (Marsh)Graculus idahensis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, 1870, p. 216.Pliocene: Castle Creek; Ovi^yhee County (type locality), Idaho;Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Upper Pliocene (Hagerman lake beds) : Near Hagerman,Idaho.Phalacrocorax macropus (Cope)Graculus macropus Cope, Bull. Geol. Gcogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, No. 2, 1878,p. 386.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon."Phalacrocorax marinavis ShufeldtPhalacrocorax marinazns Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Sci., vol. 19,February 1915, p. 56, pi. 14, figs. 114, 116-118, 122.
? Oligocene (John Day) : Willow Creek, Oregon.
^^ Shufeldt, Auk, 1915, pp. 485-488, has identified material from the Miocene ofMontana as this si)ecies, but examination of the specimen reveals that this isin error.
l8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Phalacrocorax mediterraneus ShufeldtPhalacrocorax mediterraneus Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci.,vol. 19, February 1915, p. 58, pi. 15, fig. 138.Lower Oligocene (Chadron formation) : Gerry's Ranch, WeldCounty, Colorado.Phalacrocorax rogersi HowardPhalacrocorax rogersi Howard, Condor, vol. 34, No. 3, May 16, 1932, p. 118,fig. 19.Early Pleistocene (Santa Barbara formation) : Veronica SpringsStone Quarry, near Santa Barbara, California.Phalacrocorax kennelli HowardPhalacrocorax kennelli Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 584, June22, 1949, p. 188, pi. 3, figs. 7-8a.Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : Washington BoulevardFreeway, San Diego, California.
Family ANHINGIDAE: SnakebirdsGenus ANHINGA BrissonAnhinga Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 60; vol. 6, p. 476. Type, by tautonymyand monotypy, Anhinga Brisson = Plotiis anhinga Linnaeus.Aiihinga anhinga (Linnaeus) : AnhingaPlotus Anhinga Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., cd. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 218.Modern form reported from Pleistocene (Melbourne bone bed) :Melbourne (stratum 2), Florida.
Order CICONHFORMES: Herons, Storks, and AlliesSuborder ARDEAE: Herons, Bitterns, and AlliesFamily ARDEIDAE : Herons and BitternsSubfamily ARDEINAE: Herons and EgretsGenus ARDEA Linnaeus isArdea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 141. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Ardea cincrea Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).18 Ardea sellardsi Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., January-February (January) 1917,p. 19, described from Vcro (stratum 3), Florida, proves to be based on tiietibiotarsus of Meleagris gallopavo. See Wetniore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,vol. 85, No. 2, Apr. 13, 1931, p. 32.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE IQArdea herodias Linnaeus : Great Blue HeronArdca Herodias Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. lo, vol. i, 1758, p. 143.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Melbourne,^^ ItchtuckneeRiver, Bradenton and Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Florida, LatePleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon; Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles,and McKittrick, Kern County, California,Ardea polkensis BrodkorbArdea polkensis Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No, 14, NovemberI9S5, p. 17, figs. 13, 14, 15-Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Genus CASMERODIUS GlogerCasmcrodius Gloger, Hand- und Hilfsbuch Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 412.Type, by subsequent designation, Ardca egretta Gmelin (Salvadori, 1882).Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus) : Common EgretArdca alba Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 144.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Melbourne, SeminoleField, Pinellas County, and Venice, Florida. Late Pleistocene : RanchoLa Brea, Los Angeles, California; Banos de Ciego Montero, SantaClara Province, Cuba.Genus LEUCOPHOYX SharpeLeucophoyx Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. 3, Apr. 30, 1894, p. xxxix.Type, by original designation and monotypy, Ardea candidissima Gmelin ==Ardea thnla Molina.Leucophoyx thula (Molina) : Snowy EgretArdca Thida Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 235.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Bradenton, Florida,Genus HYDRANASSA BairdHydranassa Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv, R. R.Pac, vol. 9, 1858, p. 660. Type, by original designation, Ardca hidovicianaWilson =: Egretta ritficollis Gosse.Hydranassa tricolor (Muller) : Tricolored HeronArdea tricolor P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. iii.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida.
^8 The record from Vero (stratum 3) is now considered Recent. See Cooke,C. W., Florida Geol. Surv. Geol. Bull. 29, 1945, pp. 306-307.
20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus FLORIDA BairdFlorida Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R.Pac, vol, 9, 1858, pp. xxi, xlv, 659, 671. Type, by monotypy, Ardeacaerulea Linnaeus.Florida caerulea (Linnaeus) : Little Blue HeronArdea caerulea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 143.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Genus BUTORIDES BlythButorides Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiatic Soc, 1849 (1852), p. 281. Type,by monotypy, Ardea javanica Horsfield.Butorides virescens (Linnaeus) : Green HeronArdea virescens Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 144.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles,California. Genus NYCTICORAX ForsterNycticorax T. Forster, Syn. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, p. 59. Type, by tautonymyand monotypy, Nycticorax injausius Forster = /Irtira nyclicorax Lin-naeus.Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus) : Black-crowned Night HeronArdea Nycticorax Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 142.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon, Mexico ; Bradenton, and Itchtucknee River, Flor-ida. Late Pleistocene: McKittrick, Kern County, and Rancho LaBrea, Los Angeles, California.Genus NYCTANASSA StejnegerNyctamssa Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 10, Aug. 3, 1887, p. 295.Type, by original designation, Ardea violacea Linnaeus.Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus) : Yellow-crowned Night HeronArdea violacea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 143.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida.^"
-0 Larus vera Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., 1917, p. 18, from stratum 3 of Vero,Florida, is Nyctanassa z'iolacca, according to Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,vol. 85, No. 2, 1931, pp. 3, II, and 16. Cooke, Florida Geol. Surv., Geol. Bull. 29,I945i PP- 306-307, considers this deposit to be of Recent age.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 21Genus EOCEORNIS ShufeldtEoceornis Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February1915, P- 39- Type, by monotypy, Eoceornis ardetta Shufeldt.Eoceornis ardetta ShufeldtEoceornis ardetta Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 1915, p. 39, pi. 13, fig. 102.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Henry's Fork, Wyoming.Subfamily BOTAURINAE: BitternsGenus IXOBRYCHUS BillbergIxohrychus Billberg, Syn. Faunae Scand., vol. i, pt. 2, 1828, p. 166. Type,by subsequent designation, Ardea minuta Linnaeus (Stone, 1907).Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin) : Least Bittern.Ardea exilis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 645.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Banos de CiegoMontero, Santa Clara Province, Cuba.Genus BOTAURUS StephensBotaurus Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 11, pt. 2, August 1819, p. 592.Type, by subsequent designation, Ardea stcllaris Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett) : American BitternArdea lentiginosa Rackf.tt, in Pulteney, Cat. Birds, Shells and .... Plantsof Dorsetshire, ed. 2, May 1813, p. 14.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, and Sarasota, Florida. Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Ore-gon ; -^ Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Genus BOTAUROIDES ShufeldtBotauroides Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February1915, P- 33- Type, by monotypy, Botauroides parvus Shufeldt.Botauroides parvus ShufeldtBotauroides parz'us Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 1915, p. 33.Eocene ( ? Bridger formation) : "Spanish John Meadow," Wy-oming.
'^^ Ardea paloccidcntalis Shufeldt described from Fossil Lake is based on afragmentary tarsometatarsus of the American bittern. See Howard, CarnegieInst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 156-157.
22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ISuborder CICONIAE: Storks, Ibises, and SpoonbillsSuperfamily CICONIOIDEA: Storks and Wood IbisesFamily CICONIIDAE: Storks and JabirusSubfamily CICONIINAE: StorksGenus CICONIA BrissonCiconia Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 48; vol. 5, p. 361. Type, by tautonymy,Ciconia = Ardea ciconia Linnaeus.Ciconia maltha MillerCiconia maltha L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 5,No. 30, Aug. 5, 1910, p. 440, figs. 1-7.Upper Pliocene (Hagerman lake beds) : Barbour Ranch, SnakeRiver, Idaho. Pleistocene: American Falls, Idaho; Vero (stratum 2),Melbourne (stratum 2), Itchtucknee River, 6^ miles south of Marine-land, Flagler County, Seminole Field, Pinellas County, and Venice,Florida. Late Pleistocene : Carpinteria, McKittrick, Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles (type locality), and near Manix, San BernardinoCounty, California; Banos de Ciego Montero, Santa Clara Province,Culia.-2 Subfamily MYCTERIINAE: Wood IbisesGenus MYCTERIA LinnaeusMyctcria Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 140. Type, by monotypy,Mycteria americana Linnaeus.Mycteria wetmorei Howard -^Mycteria zvetmorci Howard, Condor, vol. 37, Sept. 15, 1935, p. 253, fig. 47.Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Superfamily THRESKIORNITHOIDEA : IbisesFamily THRESKIORNITHIDAE: Ibises and SpoonbillsSubfamily THRESKIORNITHINAE: IbisesGenus PLEGADIS KaupPlegadis Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gcs. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 82. Type, by mono-typy, Tantalus falcinellus Linnaeus.22 Records formerly listed as Jabiru myctcria (Lichtenstein) have all beenassigned to the present species by Hildegarde Howard, in Carnegie Inst. Wash-ington Publ. 530, Jan. 19, 1942, p. 202. Jabiru zvcillsi Sellards, therefore, be-comes a synonym of Ciconia maltha.
-3 Replaces Myctcria americana as listed in Check-list of North AmericanBirds, ed. 4, 1931, P- 4i6.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 23
Plegadis chihi (Vieillot) : White-faced IbisNumenius chihi Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., vol. 8, March1817, p. 303.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California. Genus EUDOCIMUS WaglerEudocimus Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1232. Type, by subsequent desig-nation, Scolopax rubra Linnaeus (Reichenow, 1877).Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus) : White IbisScolopax alba Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 145.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, and Haile, Alachua County, Florida.Subfamily PLATALEINAE : SpoonbillsGenus AJAIA ReichenbachAjaia Reichenbach, Avium Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. xvi. Type, by originaldesignation, Ajaia rosea Reichenbach = Platalca ajaja Linnaeus.Ajaia ajaja (Linnaeus) : Roseate SpoonbillPlatalca Ajaja Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 140.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.
Suborder PHOENICOPTERI : FlamingosFamily PHOENICOPTERIDAE: FlamingosGenus PHOENICOPTERUS LinnaeusPhoenicopterus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 139. Type, bymonotypy, Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus.Phoenicopterus copei ShufeldtPhoenicopterus copei Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891,p. 820.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon.Phoenicopterus minutus HowardPhoenicopterus jninutus Howard, Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 264-J, June 1955,p. 202, pi. 50.Late Pleistocene ; Manix lake beds, near Manix, San BernardinoCounty, California.
24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Phoenicopterus stocki MillerPhoenicopterus stocki L. H. Miller, Wilson Bull., vol. 56, No. 2, June 1944,p. 77, figs. I, 2.Pliocene (Rincon) : Chihuahua, Mexico.Phoenicopterus floridanus BrodkorbPhoenicopterus floridanus Brodkorb, Chicago Acad. Sci. Nat. Hist. Misc.,No. 124, June 9, 1953, p. i, figs. 1-2.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.Family PALOELODIDAE : Paloelodus and AlliesGenus MEGAPALOELODUS MillerMegapaloelodus A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.,vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 86. Type, by original designation, Megapa-loelodus connectens A. H. Miller.Megapaloelodus connectens MillerMegapaloelodus connectens A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept.Geol. Sci., vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 86, fig. i.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota (type locality).Upper Miocene (Barstow formation) : near Barstow, California.Order ANSERIFORMES : Screamers, Ducks, Geese, and SwansSuborder ANSERES : Ducks, Geese, Swans, and AlliesFamily PARANYROCIDAE : ParanyrocaGenus PARANYROCA Miller and ComptonParanyroca A. H. Miller and L. V. Compton, Condor, vol. 41, No. 4, July 15,1939. P- 153- Type, by original designation, Paranyroca magna Miller andCompton.Paranyroca magna Miller and ComptonParanyroca magna A. H. Miller and L. V. Compton, Condor, vol. 41, No. 4,July 15. 1939, P- 153, fig- 34 A, C, D, E.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota.Family ANATIDAE : Ducks, Geese, and SwansSubfamily CYGNINAE: SwansGenus CYGNUS BechsteinCygmis Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., vol. 2, 1803, p. 404, footnote.Type, by tautonymy, Anas cygnus Linnaeus.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 2$Subgenus STHENELIDES StejnegerStheitclides Stejneger, Stand. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, 1885, p. 143. Type, bymonotypy, Anas mclancoripha Molina.Cygnus paloregonus (Cope) 2*Cygnus paloregonus Cope, Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, No. 2, 1878,p. 388.Pleistocene : Froman's Ferry, Idaho. Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake,Oregon (type locality)."^ Genus OLOR WaglerOlor Wagler, Isis von Oken, 1832, col. 1234. Type, by subsequent designa-tion, Cygnus nmsicus Bechstein ^ /4Ma.y cygnus Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).
Subgenus OLOR WaglerOlor columbianus (Ord) : Whistling SwanAnas columbianus Ord, in Guthrie, Geogr., 2d Amer. ed., 1815, p. 319.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles,and McKittrick, Kern County, California,
Subgenus CLANGOCYCNUS OberholserClangocycnus Oberholser, Emu, vol. 8, pt. i, July 1908, p. 3. Type, by mono-typy, Cygnus bticcinator Richardson.Olor buccinator (Richardson) : Trumpeter SwanCygnus buccinator Richardson, in Wilson and Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., Jame-son ed., vol. 4, August 1831, p. 345.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Aurora, Illinois ; Itchtuck-nee River, Florida. Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon.
Subfamily ANSERINAE: GeeseGenus BRANTA ScopoliBranta Scopoli, Annus I, Historico-Naturalis, 1769, p. 67. Type, by subse-quent designation. Anas bernicia Linnaeus (Bannister, 1870).2* Subgeneric allocation tentative.2^ Specimens named Cygnus matthczvi and Anscr condoni by Shufeldt are nowidentified as C. paloregonus. See Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551,Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 160, 162, 163.
26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Branta canadensis (Linnaeus) : Canada GooseAnas canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 123.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Santa Rosa Island, Cali-fornia; Seminole Field, Pinellas County, and Itchtucknee River,Florida. Early Pleistocene: Irvington, Alameda County, California.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Orgeon ; ^® Potter Creek Cave, ShastaCounty; Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, San Pedro, Los AngelesCounty, and near Manix, San Bernardino County, California.? Pleistocene : Rattlesnake Hill, Fallon, Nevada."^Branta canadensis hutchinsii (Richardson) : Richardson's GooseAnscr Hutchinsii Richardson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., vol. 2, 1831 (1832), p. 470.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Itchtucknee River, and Melbourne, Florida.Branta bernicla (Linnaeus) : BrantAnas bernicla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 124.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Branta esmeralda BurtBranta esmeralda Burt, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 18,No. 6, Mar. 19, 1929, p. 222, pi. 20.Upper Miocene (Esmeralda formation) : Fish Lake Valley, Es-meralda County, Nevada.Branta howardae MillerBranta hoivardae L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 32, No. 4, July 15, 1930, p. 208,fig. 74-Lower Pliocene (Ricardo formation) : Mojave Desert area, KernCounty, CaUfornia.Branta dickeyi MillerBranta dickeyi L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 26, No. 5, Sept. 15, 1924, p. 179,fig. 46.Upper Pliocene: Dry Creek, Malheur County, Oregon. LatePleistocene: McKittrick, California.
'^ Specimens from Fossil Lake range in size from modern B. c. 7ninima to B. c.canadensis.
'" Recorded as Branta canadensis canadensis.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 2/
Branta hypsibata (Cope)^^Anscr hypsibaius Cope, Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, No. 2, 1878,p. 387.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Branta propinqua ShufeldtBranta propinqua Shufeldt, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2d ser.,vol. 9, sign. 53, Oct. 20, 1892, p. 407, pi. IS, fig. 17.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.
Genus ANABERNICULA Ross 20Aiuibcniicula Ross, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, No. 15, Aug. 24,1935, P- 107. Type, by monotypy, Anahernicula gracilenta Ross = Brantaminuscula Wetmore.^"Anabernicula minuscula (Wetmore)Branta minuscula Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 5, Jan. 15,1924, p. 6, figs. 3-4-Upper Pliocene (Blancan) : Near Benson, Arizona (type locality).Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon; McKittrick, Kern County,and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California. Quaternary: SmithCreek Cave, 34 miles north of Baker, White Pine County, Nevada.Genus PRESBYCHEN WetmorePresbychen Wetmore, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 19, No. 8,July IS, 1930, p. 92. Tyi>e, by original designation, Presbychen abavusWetmore.Presbychen abavus WetmorePresbychen abavus Wetmore, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 19,No. 8, July IS, 1930, p. 92, figs. 5-7-Miocene (Temblor formation) : Sharktooth Hill, Kern County,about 7 miles northeast of Bakersfield, California.Genus ANSER BrissonAnser Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 58; vol. 6, p. 261. Type, by tautonymy,Anser domesiica Brisson = /ina.j anser Linnaeus.28 Status doubtful. Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25,1946, pp. 167-169, indicates that this may be a synonym of Chen hypcrborea.2^ Possibly representative of a distinct subfamily. See Howard, Carnegie Inst.Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 172-173.^° See Howard, Condor, 1936, p. 35.
28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Anser albifrons (Scopoli) : White-fronted GooseBranta albijrons Scopoli, Annus I, Historico-Naturalis, 1769, p. 69.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and San Pedro ^^ (Palos Verdes sand),Los Angeles Comity, California.
Genus CHEN BoieChen Boie, Isis von Oken, vol. 10, Heft 5, 1822, col. 563. Type, by monotypy,Anscr hyperborcus Pallas.Chen hyperborea (Pallas) : Snow GooseAnscr hyperborcus Pau:-as, Spic. Zool., vol. i, fasc. 6, 1769, p. 25.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, OregonRancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and McKittrick, California.^^Chen rossii (Cassin) : Ross' GooseAnser Rossii "Baird," Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 13,sign. 5-6, March-April (June 30), 1861, p. 73.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Chen pressa Wetmore ^3Chen pressa Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 87, No. 20, Dec. 27, 1933,p. 9, figs. 5-8.Upper Pliocene (Hagerman lake beds) : Near Hagerman, Idaho.
Subfamily DENDROCYGNINAE: TreeducksGenus DENDROCYGNA SvsrainsonDcndrocygna Swainson, Class. Birds, vol. 2, July i, 1837, p. 365. Type, bysubsequent designation, Anas arcuata Horsfield (Gray, 1840).Dendrocygna eversa WetmoreDoidrocygna cvcrsa Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 5, Jan.15, 1924, p. 3, figs. 1-2.Upper Pliocene (Blancan) : Near Benson, Arizona.3^ Specimen with size of the subspecies frontalis.32 Chen caeritlcsccns recorded by Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,vol. 32, July 9, 1913, p. 145, on basis of scapula only, has been dropped. SeeHoward, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, p. 166?33 Miller, A. H., Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 42, No. i, 1937, p. 41, sug-gests that this species may belong in the genus Nesochen.
NO, 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 29Genus DENDROCHEN MillerDendrochen A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol, Sci.,vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 88. Type, by original designation,Dendrochen robusta Miller.Dendrochen robusta MillerDendrochen robusta A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.Sci., vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 88, fig. 3.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota.Subfamily ANATINAE: Surface-feeding DucksGenus ANAS LinnaeusAnas Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 122. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Anas boschas Linnaeus =::^. platyrhynchos Linnaeus (Les-son, 1828).Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus: MallardAnas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 125.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, McKittrick, and Carpinteria, Cali-fornia; (Palos Verdes sand) : San Pedro, Los Angeles County, Cali-fornia ; Baiios de Ciego Montero, Santa Clara Province, Cuba. Pleis-tocene : Itchtucknee River, and Haile, Alachua County, Florida.Anas rubripes Brewster: Black DuckA7ias obscura rubripes Brewster, Auk, vol. 19, No. 2, April 1902, p. 184.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Itchtucknee River,Florida.Anas fulvigula Ridgway : Mottled DuckAnas obscura var. ftdvigula Ridgway, Amer. Nat., vol. 8, No. 2, February1874, p. III.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Itchtucknee River, and Bradenton, Florida.Anas strepera Linnaeus : GadwallAnas strepera Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 125.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick andRancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.''*
^* Listed erroneously in Check-list of North American Birds, ed. 4, 1931, p. 421,from Itchtucknee River, Florida.
30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IAnas acuta Linnaeus: PintailAnas acuta Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 126.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon,(Vanhem formation, Jones fauna) : Meade County, Kansas.Anas carolinensis Gmelin ; Green-winged Teal ^^Anas carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 533.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Santa Rosa Island, Cali-fornia; Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Florida. Late Pleistocene:Fossil Lake, Oregon; Hawver Cave, Eldorado County, McKittrick,Kern County, Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and San Pedro, LosAngeles County, California; McPherson County, Kansas (Kentucklocality).Anas bunkeri (Wetmore)Nettion bunkeri Wetmore, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 30, pt. i. No. 9,May 15, 1944, P- 92, figs. 1-3-Upper Pliocene (Rexroad formation) : Meade County, Kansas(type locality) ; 2 miles south of Benson, Arizona.Anas cyanoptera Vieillot: Cinnamon TealAnas cyanoptera Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., vol. 5, December1816, p. 104.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
McKittrick, Kern County, California.Anas Integra (Miller).Querqucdula Integra A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.Sci., vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 90, fig. 4.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation), Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota.
Genus MARECA StephensMareca Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 12, pt. 2, 1824, p. 130. Type, bysubsequent designation, Mareca fistularis Stephens = Anas pcnelope Lin-naeus (Eyton, 1838).
•'•'• There are also records for the Upper Miocene or lower Pliocene of CedarMountain, Nevada, by L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 9, Feb. 23, 1916, p. 173, and from the lower Pliocene of Hemphill County,Texas, by Compton, Condor, vol. 36, No. i, January 1934, pp. 40-41, based onfragmentary material that is open to question as to specific identity.
NO, 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 31Mareca americana (Gmelin) : American WidgeonAnas americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 526.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
McKittrick, Kern County; San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand, lumber-yard locality), Los Angeles County, California.
Genus SPATULA BoieSpatula Boie, Isis von Oken, vol. 10, Heft 5, 1822, col. 564. Type, bynionotypy, Anas clypeata Linnaeus.Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus) : ShovelerAnas clypeata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 124.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Ore-gon ; ^^ McKittrick, Kern County, and San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand,lumberyard locality), Los Angeles County, California; Meade County(Vanhem formation, Jones fauna), Kansas.
Subfamily AYTHYINAE: Diving Ducks"Genus AYTHYA BoieAythya Boie, Tageb. Reise Norwegcn, before May 1822, p. 351. Type, bymonotypy. Anas marila Linnaeus.Aythya americana (Eyton) : RedheadFuligula americana Eyton, Mon. Anatidae, 1838, p. 155.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
McKittrick, California.Aythya coUaris (Donovan) : Ring-necked DuckAnas collaris Donovan, Brit. Birds, vol. 6, 1809, pi. 147.Modern form reported from Lower Pliocene: Cedar Mountain,Nevada.36 Shufeldt's record of Aix sponsa from Fossil Lake is now assigned toSpatula clypeata. See Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25,1946, p. 176.
^'^ Polysiicta stelleri, Bucephala islandica, and Ilistrionicns histrionicus re-ported from Fossil Lake by Sliufeldt were wrongly identified and are eliminatedfrom the list. See Howard, Carnegie List. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946,p. 176.
32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IAythya valisineria (Wilson) : CanvasbackAnas valisineria Wilson, Amer. Orn., vol. 8, 1814, p. 103, pi. 70, fig. 5.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Itchtucknee River,Florida.^*Aythya affinis (Eyton) : Lesser ScaupFuligula affinis Eyton, Mon. Anatidae, 1838, p. 157.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Melbourne (stratum 2),Itchtucknee River, Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Venice, and cavedeposits near Lecanto, Florida. Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Genus BUCEPHALA BairdBucephala Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac,vol. 9, 1858, pp. xxiii, L, 787, 788, 795. Type, by original designation,Atms albcola Linnaeus.Bucephala albeola (Linnaeus) : BufifleheadAnas Albcola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 124.Modern form reported from Upper Pliocene (Rexroad formation) :Meade County, Kansas. Pleistocene : Seminole Field, Pinellas County,Florida. Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon; McKittrick, KernCounty, and San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand, lumberyard locality),Los Angeles County, California.Bucephala ossivallis BrodkorbBucephala ossivallis Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14,November 1955, p. 18, figs. 16, 17.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Genus CLANGULA LeachClangula Leach, in Ross, Voy. Discovery, 1819, app., p. XLViii. Type, bymonotj'py, Clangula glacialis Linnaeus = Anas hyemalis Linnaeus.Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus) : OldsquawAnas hyemalis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 126.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Genus MELANITTA BoieMelanitta Boie, Isis von Okeii, vol. 10, Heft 5, 1822, col. 564. Type, by subse-quent designation, Anas fusca Linnaeus (Eyton, 1838).88 Shufeldt's record for Fossil Lake, Oregon, refers to Anas acuta. SeeHoward, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, p. 174.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 33
Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte) : White-winged ScoterOedemia deglandi Bonaparte, Rev. Crit. Orn. Europe, 1850, p. 108.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :San Pedro, Los Angeles County, California.Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus) : Surf ScoterAnas perspicillata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 125.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand), Los Angeles County, California.Genus CHENDYTES MillerChendytcs L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 27, No. 4, July 15, 1925, P- I45- Type,by monotypy, Chendytes lawi Miller.Chendytes lawi MillerChendytes lazvi L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 27, No. 4, July 15, 1925, p. 145,fig. 40.Early Pleistocene: Sexton Canyon, near Lake Canyon, VenturaCounty. Late Pleistocene: Newport Bay, Orange County; Lomita,Playa del Rey, Santa Monica (type locality), San Pedro (lumberyardlocality), Vermont and Sepulveda Boulevard, Bixby Slough nearHermosa Beach, and Palos Verdes, Los Angeles County, California.Chendytes milleri HowardChendytes milleri H. Howard, Condor, vol. 57, No. 3, May 25, 1955, p. 137,fig. I a, d, e, f, g, i, fig. 2 b, c, fig. 3.Early Pleistocene : San Nicolas Island, California.Subfamily OXYURINAE: Ruddy and Masked DucksGenus OXYURA BonaparteOxyura Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 2, 1828, p. 390.Type, by monotypy, Anas rubidus Wilson.Oxyura jamaicensis (Gmelin) : Ruddy DuckAnas jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat, vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 519.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Venice, Florida. LatePleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon ; McKittrick, Kern County, and nearManix, San Bernardino County, California.Subfamily EONESSINAE: EonessaGenus EONESSA WetmoreEonessa Wetmore, Journ. Pal., vol. 12, No. 3, May 1938, p. 280. Type, byoriginal designation, Eonessa attaticula Wetmore.
34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IEonessa anaticula WetmoseEonessa anaticula Wetmore, Journ. Pal., vol. 12, No. 3, May 1938, p. 280,figs. 1-5.Eocene (Uinta C horizon) : Myton Pocket, Utah.
Subfamily MERGINAE: MergansersGenus LOPHODYTES ReichenbachLophodytcs Reichenbach, Avium Syst. Nat., 1852 (1853), p. ix. Type, byoriginal designation, Mergus cticiillatus Linnaeus.Lophodytes cucullatus (Linnaeus) : Hooded Merganser ^9Mergus cucullatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 120.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Venice, and Itchtucknee River, Florida ; Nye Sink, BeaverCounty, Oklahoma. Late Pleistocene: McPherson County (Kentucklocality), Kansas.Lophodytes floridana (Shufeldt)^^Qnerquedula floridana Siiufeldt, 9th Ann. Rep. Florida State Geol. Surv.,1917, P- 36, pi. I, fig. 4, pl- 2, fig. 25.Pleistocene: Vero (stratum 2, type locality), Melbourne, andItchtucknee River, Florida.
Genus MERGUS LinnaeusMergus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 129. Type, by subse-quent designation, Mergus castor Linnaeus = Mergus merganser Linnaeus(Gray, 1840).Mergus merganser Linnaeus: MerganserMergus Merganser Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 129.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : North Shore Channel,Chicago, Illinois. ^^ Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Mergus serrator Linnaeus : Red-breasted MerganserMergus Serrator Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 129.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.3" Shufeldt's record from Fossil Lake, Oregon, is based on an erroneous identi-fication. See Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, p. 176.<o See Wetmore, Condor, vol. 57, No. 3, 1955, p. 189.
•*i Formerly recorded as Mergus serrator; see Wetmore, Wilson Bull., 1948,p. 240.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 35Order FALCONIFORMES : Vultures, Hawks, and FalconsSuborder CATHARTAE : New World VulturesSuperfamily NEOCATHARTOIDEA : NeocathartesFamily NEOCATHARTIDAE : NeocathartesGenus NEOCATHARTES WetmoreNeocathartes Wetmore, Auk, vol. 67, No. 2, April 1950, p. 235. Type, byoriginal designation, Eocathartes grallator Wetmore.Neocathartes grallator (Wetmore)Eocathartes grallator Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 30, May 24, 1944,p. 58, pis. i-s, figs. i-io.Upper Eocene (Upper Washakie beds) : Sand wash one-half milenorth of Dobe Town Road crossing, Sweetwater County, Wyoming.
Superfamily CATHARTOIDEA : New World VulturesFamily CATHARTIDAE : New World VulturesGenus CATHARTES IlligerCathartes Illiger, Prodromus, 181 1, p. 236. Type, by subsequent designation,Vultur aura Linnaeus (Vigors, 1825).Cathartes aura (Linnaeus) : Turkey Vulture ^2Vultur aura Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 86.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty,^^ Melbourne, and cavern deposits near Lecanto, Florida.Late Pleistocene : Potter Creek and Samwel caves, Shasta County,Hawver Cave, Eldorado County, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County,McKittrick, Kern County, Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and SanPedro (Palos Verdes sand, lumberyard locality), Los Angeles County,California. Genus CORAGYPS GeoffreyCoragyps Geoffroy Ms in Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Oiseaux, 1853, p. 66. Type,by monotypy, Vultur urubu Vieillot = Vultur atratus Bechstein.
*2 Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 85, No. 2, Apr. 13, 1931, pp. 4, 6,7, 23-24, has recorded the small Mexican turkey vulture, Cathartes aura aura,from Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Florida. Other reports of this speciesare mainly of the larger type, of which two races, septentrionalis and teter, areat present recognized in the United States.*3 Recorded from Vero, stratum 2, erroneously by Shufeldt, 9th Ann. Rep.Florida State Geol. Surv., 1917, p. 36. The record from Vero (stratum 3) is ofRecent age according to Cooke, Florida Geol. Surv. Bull. 29, 1945, pp. 306-307.
36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ICoragyps atratus (Bechstein) : Black VultureVultur atratus Bechstein, in John Latham's allg. Ucbers Vogel, Bd. i, Anh.,1793, p. 655.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, and cavern deposits near Lecanto, Florida. Quaternary(probably Recent) : Rocky Arroyo, New Mexico.Corag3rps occidentalis (Miller)**Catharista occidenialis L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 5, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, p. 306.Pleistocene : San Josecito Cavern, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.*^ LatePleistocene : Potter Creek and Samwel caves, Shasta County ; Carpin-teria, Santa Barbara County ; McKittrick, Kern County ; and RanchoLa Brea, Los Angeles, California.Genus PHASMAGYPS WetmorePhasmagyps Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2, July15, 1927, p. 3. Type, by monotypy, Phasmagyps patritus Wetmore.Phasmagyps patritus WetmorePhasmagyps patritus Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2,July 15, 1927, p. 3, figs. 1-4.Lower Oligocene (Chadron formation) : Florsetail Creek, WeldCounty, Colorado. Genus PALAEOGYPS WetmorePalaeogyps Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2, July15, 1927, p. 5. Type, by monotypy, Palaeogyps prudronius Wetmore.Palaeogyps prodromus WetmorePalaeogyps prodromus Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7,No. 2, July 15, 1927, p. 5, figs. 5-14-Lower Oligocene (Chadron formation) : Horsetail Creek, WeldCounty, Colorado.* Coragyps shastcnsis (Miller) is a synonym according to Miller, Condor,1941, pp. 140-141.*^ Recorded also from deposits that may be late Pleistocene or early Recentin Pit 10 at Rancho La Brea (Howard, H., and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst.Washington Publ. 514, 1939, p. 43), Conkling Cavern, Pyramid Peak, OrganMountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico (Howard, H., and Miller, A. H.,Condor, vol. 35, Jan. 15, 1933, pp. 15, 17), and from Smith Creek Cave, 34 milesnorth of Baker, White Pine County, Nevada (Howard, H., Condor, vol. 37,July 15, 1935, pp. 206-207).
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 37Genus GYMNOGYPS LessonGymnogyps Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, ser. 2, vol. 6, Dec. 8, 1842, col.1037. Type, by monotypy, Vitltur californianus Shaw.Gymnogyps amplus Miller ^^Gymnogyps amplus L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 6, No. 16, Oct. 28, 1911, p. 390, fig. 2.Pleistocene : Sarasota and Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Florida
;
San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Niievo Leon. Late Pleistocene : Sam-wel Cave (type locality) and Stone Man Cave, Shasta County; Car-pinteria, McKittrick, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California,Quaternary (probably Recent) : Rocky Arroyo, New Mexico.Genus BREAGYPS Miller and HowardBreagyps L. H. Miller and H. Howard, Publ. Univ. California at LosAngeles, Biol. Sci., vol. 9, Feb. 18, 1938, p. 171. Type, by original designa-tion, Vultur clarki Miller = Sarcorhamphus clarki Miller,Breagyps clarki (Miller)Sarcorhamphus clarki L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept,Geol., vol. 6, No. i, Nov. 28, 1910, p. 11, figs. 3a, ^b.Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Quaternary (probably late Pleistocene) : Smith Creek Cave, 34 milesnorth of Baker, White Pine County, Nevada.Genus SARCORAMPHUS Dum^rilSarcoramphtis Dumeril, Z06I. Anal., 1806, p. 32. Type, by subsequent designa-tion, Vultur papa Linnaeus (Vigors, 1825).Sarcoramphus kernense (Miller)Vultur kernensis L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 22, Mar. 18, 1931, p. 70, fig. 16,Pliocene: Pozo Creek, Kern River Divide, Kern County, about 9miles northeast of Bakersfield, California.Family TERATORNITHIDAE : TeratornithesGenus TERATORNIS MillerTeratornis, L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 5,No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, p. 307. Type, by monotypy, Teratornis merriamiMiller.
*8 Fisher, Pacific Science, vol. i. No. 4, October 1947, p. 227, finds that allfossil material from western North America formerly placed under the livingGymnogyps californianus is properly assigned to the present bird, which is soslightly differentiated as to be considered the direct Pleistocene progenitor ofthe modern form. The remaining records, from Florida and Nuevo Leon, areplaced under amplus on the basis of probability.
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ITeratomis merriami MillerTeratornis merriami L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 5, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, p. 307, text figs. 1-9.Pleistocene: Seminole Field, Pinellas County, and Bradenton,Florida; San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. Late Pleisto-cene: Rancho La Brea (type locality),*^ Los Angeles, McKittrick,Kern County, and Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, California.Teratornis incredibilis HowardTeratornis incredibilis Howard, Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci., vol. 51,pt. 2, 1952, p. 51, pi. 10, figs. 1-2.Quaternary (probably late Pleistocene) : Smith Creek Cave, 34miles north of Baker, White Pine County, Nevada.Genus CATHARTORNIS Miller ^sCathartornis L. H. AIiller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 6,No. I, Nov. 28, 1910, p. 14. Type, by monotypy, Cathartornis gracilisMiller.Cathartornis gracilis MillerCathartornis gracilis L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 6, No. I, Nov. 28, 1 910, p. 14, figs. 40, 4b.Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Suborder FALCONES: Secretary-birds, Hawks, and FalconsSuperfamily FALCONOIDEA: Hawks, Falcons, and AlliesFamily ACCIPITRIDAE: Hawks, Old World Vultures, andHarriersSubfamily AEGYPHNAE : Old World VulturesGenus PALAEOBORUS CouesPalaeoborus Coues, Key North Amer. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, p. 822. Type, byoriginal designation, Catharlcs ximbrosus Cope.Palaeoborus umbrosus (Cope)4oCathartes umbrosus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 26, Oct. 20,1874, p. 151-Pliocene : North of Pojauque, New Mexico.
4^ Recorded also from early Recent deposits in Pit 10, at Rancho La Brea(Howard, H., and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939,p. 43)-43 Allocated to Teratornithidae by Miller, L. H., and Howard, H., Publ. Univ.California at Los Angeles, Biol. Sci., vol. 9, Feb. 18, 1938, pp. 169-170, 173.4» Placed in Aegypiinae by Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349,1932, pp. 45, 70-73, 75, 76.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 39
Palaeoborus howardae WetmorePalaeoborus hoivardae Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, No. 3, 1936,p. 73, fig- 13-Miocene: Dawes County, Nebraska.Palaeoborus rosatus Miller and ComptonPalaeoborus rosatus A. H. Miller and L. V. Compton, Condor, vol. 41, No. 4,July 15, 1939, p. 156, fig. 34B.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota.Genus NEOGYPS MillerNeogyps L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9, No. 9,Mar. 10, 1916, p. 108. Type, by monotypy, Neogyps errans Miller.Neogyps errans MillerNeogyps errans L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9,No. 9, Mar. 10, 1916, p. 108, fig. 2.Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea (type locality ),^° Los Angeles,Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, and McKittrick, Kern County,California ; San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. Quaternary
:
Smith Creek Cave, 34 miles north of Baker, White Pine County,Nevada. Genus NEOPHRONTOPS MillerNeophrontops L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9,No. 9, Mar. 10, 1916, p. 106. Type, by monotypy, Neophrontops ameri-canus Miller.Neophrontops americanus MillerNeophrontops atnericanus L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept.Geol., vol. 9, No. 9, Mar. 10, 1916, p. 106, fig. 1.Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea (type locality ),^^ Los Angeles,Carpinteria, and McKittrick, California ; San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon.Neophrontops dakotensis ComptonNeophrontops dakotensis Compton, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 30, October1935, P- 344, fig- I.Lower Pliocene : Big Spring Canyon, 15 miles southwest of Martin,Bennett County, South Dakota.
''" Recorded also from early Recent deposits in Pit 10 at this site (Howard, H.,and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939, p. 43).
^1 Recorded also from early Recent deposits in Pit 10 at this site (Howard, H.,and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939, p. 43).
40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3INeophrontops vetustus WetmoreNcophrontops vetustus Wetmore, Condor, vol. 45, No. 6, Dec. 8, 1943, p. 229,fig. 62.Middle Miocene (Sheep Creek beds) : Stonehouse Draw Quarry,Sioux County, Nebraska.
Subfamily ELANINAE: White-tailed KitesGenus ELANUS SavignyElanus Savigny, Descr. figypte, vol. i, 1809, pp. 69, 97. Type, by monotypy,Elami-s caesius Savigny ;= Falco caeruleus Desfontaines.Elanus leucurus (Vieillot) : White-tailed KiteMilvus leucunis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., vol. 20, May 181 8,p. 563 [errore=:S56].Modern form reported from Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave,Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.
Subfamily MILVINAE: True KitesGenus PROICTINIA ShufeldtProictinia Shufeldt, Bull. Anicr. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art. 16, Aug. 4,1913, P- 301. Type, by monotypy, Proictinia gilmorei Shufeldt.Proictinia effera WetmoreProictinia effera Wetmore, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, vol. 48, art. 12,Dec. 3, 1923, p. 504, figs. 19-20.Lower Miocene (Lower Harrison beds) : Agate Fossil Quarry,Sioux County, Nebraska.Proictinia gilmorei ShufeldtProictinia gilmorei Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art. 16,Aug. 4, 1913. P- 301, pi. 55, fig. 27.Lower Pliocene (Ogallala formation) : Long Island, PhillipsCounty, Kansas.
Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE: Bird HawksGenus ACCIPITER BrissonAccipiter Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 28; vol. 6, p. 310. Type, by tautonymy,Accipiter Brisson= Fa/co nisus Linnaeus.
NO, 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 4I
Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus) : GoshawkFalco gentilis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 89.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson) : Sharp-shinned HawkFalco velox Wilson, Amer. Orn., vol. s, 1812, p. 116, pi. 45, fig. i.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Samwel Cave, ShastaCounty, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, and Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte) : Cooper's HawkFalco Cooperii Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., vol. 2, 1828, p. i, pi. 10, fig. i.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : McKittrick, KernCounty, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, and Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.
Subfamily BUTEONINAE: Buzzards and EaglesGenus BUTEO Lac^pMeButco Lacepede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by tautonymy, Falco bnlco Lin-naeus.Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin) : Red-tailed HawkFalco jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 266.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Potter Creek Cave,Shasta County, McKittrick, Carpinteria, and Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California. Pleistocene: Seminole Field, Pinellas County,Venice, and Melbourne (stratum 2), Florida.Buteo lineatus (Gmelin) : Red-shouldered HawkFalco lineatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 268.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Venice, and Melbourne, Florida. Late Pleistocene : Carpin-teria, Santa Barbara County, California.Buteo platypterus (Vieillot) : Broad-winged HawkSparvius platypterus Vieillot, Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Orn., vol. 3, 1823, p. 1273.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida.
42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IButeo swainsoni Bonaparte: Swainson's HawkBntco szvai)isoiii Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 3.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan) : Rough-legged HawkFalco lagopus Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, 1763, p. 616.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.Buteo regalis (Gray) : Ferruginous HawkArchibuteo regalis G. R. Gray, Genera of Birds, vol. i, pt. i, May 1844, pi. 6.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Hawver Cave, El-dorado County, Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, and McKittrick, Kern County, California.Buteo fuscescens (Vieillot) : Buzzard EagleSpisa'etus fuscescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., vol. 32, Sep-tember 1819, p. 55.Modern form " reported from late Pleistocene : Banos de CiegoMontero, Santa Clara Province, Cuba.Buteo antecursor WetmoreButeo antecursor Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 75, October 1933,p. 298, figs. 1-5.Oligocene (Brule formation) : Near Torrington, Goshen County,Wyoming.Buteo granger! Wetmore and CaseButeo grangeri Wetmore and Case, Contr. Mus. Pal. Univ. Michigan, vol. 4,No. 8, Jan. 15, 1934, p. 129, i pi.Middle Oligocene (Brule formation, Oreodon beds) : Big Badlandsof Pass Creek, Washabaugh County, South Dakota.Buteo fluviaticus Miller and SibleyButeo fluviaticus A. H. Miller and C. G. Sibley, Condor, vol. 44, No. i,Jan. IS, 1942, p. 39, fig. 12.Middle Oligocene (Brule formation, Oreodon beds) : Owl Creek,6 miles east of Carr, Weld County, Colorado.
°2 Formerly called Buteo melanoleucu^ (Vieillot). The modern range extendsfrom the mountains of Venezuela and Colombia, south through Ecuador andPeru to Chile, and from southeastern Brazil and Paraguay to Tierra del Fuego.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 43Buteo typhoius WetmoreBiiteo typhoius Wetmore, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, art. 12, Dec. 3,1923, p. 489, figs. 3-5-Lower Miocene (Lower Harrison beds) ; Upper Miocene ^^ (LowerSnake Creek beds, type locality) : south of Agate, Sioux County,Nebraska.Buteo ales (Wetmore)Gcranoa'ctus ales Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 16, No. 4, Apr. 10, 1926,p. 403, pi. 38, figs. 1-5.Lower Miocene (Lower Harrison beds) : Quarry No. 2, AgateSprings Fossil Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska.Buteo contortus (Wetmore)Geranoactus contortus Wetmore, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, art.12, Dec. 3, 1923, p. 492, figs. 6-9.Upper Miocene ^^ (Lower Snake Creek beds) : Sinclair Draw (typelocality) and Olcott Hill, Sioux County, Nebraska.Buteo dananus (Marsh)Aquila danana Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, August 1871, p. 125.Lower Pliocene (Upper Snake Creek beds) : Loup Fork River,Nebraska.Buteo conterminus (Wetmore)Geranoactus conterminus Wetmore, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48,art. 12, Dec. 3, 1923, p. 497, figs. 11-13.Lower Pliocene (Upper Snake Creek beds) : 20 miles south ofAgate, Sioux County, Nebraska.
Genus PARABUTEO RidgwayParahutco Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. North Amer.Birds, vol. 3, 1874, p. 250. Type, by monotypy, Buteo harrisi Audubon.Parabuteo unicinctus (Temminck) : Harris' HawkFalco unicinctus Temminck, Planch. Col. Ois., livr. 53, Dec. 25, 1824, pi. 313.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave,Aramberri, Nuevo Leon,
^3 Possibly early Pliocene ; cf. Cook, H. J., and Cook, M. C, Nebraska Geol.Surv., Paper No. 5, I933, P- 42.
44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus CALOHIERAX WetmoreCalohlcrax Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Z06I., vol. 80, No. 12, October 1937,p. 428. Type, by original designation, Calohierax quadrattis Wetmore.Calohierax quadratus WetmoreCalohierax quadratus Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Z06I., vol. 80, No. 12,October 1937, p. 429, figs. 1-3.Recent (extinct) : °* Cave deposits on Great Exuma Island, Ba-hama Islands. Genus MIOHIERAX HowardMiohierax Howard, Condor, vol. 46, No. 5, Sept. 27, 1944, p. 236. Type, byoriginal designation, Miohierax stocki Howard.Miohierax stocki HowardMiohierax stocki Howard, Condor, vol. 46, No. 5, Sept. 27, 1944, p. 236,fig. 40.Late Lower Miocene (Tick Canyon formation) : Near head ofVasquez Canyon, Los Angeles County, California.Genus HYPOMORPHNUS Cabanis "Hypomorphnus Cabanis, Arch. Naturg., vol. 10, Bd. i, 1844, p. 263. Type, byoriginal designation, Falco urubitinga Linnaeus,Hypomorphnus enectus (Wetmore)Urubitinga cnccta Wetmore, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 48, art. 12,Dec. 3, 1923, p. 500, figs. 14-18.Middle Miocene (Lower Sheep Creek beds) : 20 miles south ofAgate, Sioux County, Nebraska.Hypomorphnus sodalis (SnuFELDT)f'^Aquila sodalis Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891, p. 821.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon.Genus TITANOHIERAX WetmoreTilanohicrax Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 80, No. 12, OctoberI937i P- 430. Type, by original designation, Tilanohicrax gloveralleniWetmore.
** Included here since it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom its bones.
^* For the use of Hypomorphnus to replace Urubitinga see Peters, Check-listof the birds of tiie world, vol. i, 1931, p. 244.
''^ Generic allocation questionable. See Howard, Carnegie Inst. WashingtonPubl. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 177-178.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 45
Titanohierax gloveralleni WetmoreTitanohicrax gloveralleni Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 80, No. 12,October 1937, p. 431, figs. 4-9.Recent (extinct) : " Cave deposits on Great Exuma Island, BahamaIslands. Genus BUTEOGALLUS LessonButeogallns Lesson, Traile d'Orn., Hvr. 2, 1830, p. 83. Type, by monotypy,Buteogallns cathartoides Lesson= Fa/co aequinoctialis Gmelin.Buteogallus milleri (Howard) ^^Uruhitinga milleri Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 429, October1932, p. 25, pi. 2, figs. 3-3a, pi. 3, fig. 2.Late Pleistocene : Hawver Cave, Eldorado County, California.Buteogallus fragilis (Miller) ^^Gemnoaetiis fragilis L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 6, No. 12, Oct. 9, 1911, p. 315, figs. 5a, 5b.Late Pleistocene: McKittrick, Kern County, Rancho La Brea (typelocality ),^° Los Angeles, and Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, Cali-fornia. Genus WETMOREGYPS MillerWetmoregyps L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 30, No. 4, July 16, 1928, p. 255.Type, by original designation, Morphnus daggetti Miller.Wetmoregyps daggetti (Miller)Morphnus daggetti L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 17, No. 5, Oct. 10, 1915, p. 179,fig. 63.Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. LatePleistocene: Rancho La Brea (type locality), Los Angeles, and Car-pinteria, Santa Barbara County, California.Genus MORPHNUS DumontMorphnus Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. i, Suppl., October 1816, p. 88. Type,by subsequent designation, Falco giiianensis Daudin (Chubb, 1916).
^^ Included here since it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom its bones.
^8 Referred to this genus by Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551,Jan. 25, 1946, p. 177.
^^ Recorded fflso from early Recent deposits in Pit 10 at Rancho La Brea(Howard, H., and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939,p. 43). And from late Pleistocene or early Recent deposits in Shelter Cave,Pyramid Peak, Organ Mountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico, by How-ard, H., and Miller, A. H., Condor, vol. 35, 1933, pp. 16, 17.
46 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IMorphnus woodward! MillerMorphniis ivoodivardi L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Gcol.,vol. 6, No. 12, Oct. 9, 1911, p. 312, figs. 3a, 3b.Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.^*'
Genus SPIZAfiTUS VieillotSpisactus Vieillot, Analyse, 181 6, p. 24. Type, by subsequent designation,Falco oniatus Daudin (Gray, 1840).Spizaetus grinnelli (Miller) ^iGeranoa'ettis grinnelli L. H. Millek, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dcpt. Geol.,vol. 6, No. 12, Oct. 9, 191 1, p. 314, figs. 4a, 4b.Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. LatePleistocene: Rancho La Brea (type locality),®^ Los Angeles, Mc-Kittrick and Carpinteria, California.Spizaetus willetti HowardSpizaetus willetti Howard, Condor, vol. Z7, No. 4, July 15, 1935, p. 207, fig. 40.Quaternary (probably late Pleistocene) : Smith Creek Cave, 34miles north of Baker, White Pine County, Nevada.Spizaetus pliogryps (Siiufeldt)Aqiiila pliogryps Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891,p. 821.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.
Genus PALAEASTUR WetmorePalacastur Wetmore, Condor, vol. 45, No. 6, Dec. 8, 1943, p. 230. Type, byoriginal designation, Palaeastur ataznis Wetmore.Palaeastur atavus WetmorePalaeastur atavus Wetmore, Condor, vol. 45, No. 6, Dec. 8, 1943, p. 230, fig. 63.Lower Miocene (Lower Harrison beds) ; Stenomylus Quarry, about2 miles southeast of Agate Springs fossil site, near Agate, Nebraska.
<"> Recorded also from early Recent deposits in Pit 10 at this site (Howard, H.,and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939, p. 43).61 Allocated in Spicactus by Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 429,1932, pp. 33-44-62 Placed in Spisactus by Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551,Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 176-177-
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 47Genus AQUILA Brisson ^sAquila Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, pp. 28, 419. Type, by tautonymy, AquilaBrisson = Falco chrysa'ctus Linnaeus.Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus) : Golden EagleFalco Chrysaetos Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 88.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon; RanchoLa Brea,"* Los Angeles, Carpinteria, McKittrick, and near Manix,San Bernardino County, California.
Genus HALIAEETUS SavignyHaliacetus Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., vol. i, 1809, pp. 68, 85. Type, bymonotypy, Haliacetus nisus Savigny = Falco albicilla Linnaeus.Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus) : Bald EagleFalco leucocephalus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 124.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Venice, Melbourne, and cavern deposits near Lecanto, Flor-ida ; Niobrara River, near Peters, Sheridan County, Nebraska. LatePleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon ; Carpinteria, McKittrick, RanchoLa Brea, Los Angeles, and San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand), LosAngeles County, California.
Subfamily PALAEOPLANCINAE : PalaeoplancusGenus PALAEOPLANCUS WetmorePalaeoplancus Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 87, No. 19, Dec. 26,1933. P- I- Type, by original designation, Palaeoplancus stembergiWetmore.Palaeoplancus sternbergi WetmorePalaeoplancus sternbergi Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 87, No. 19,Dec. 26, 1933, p. 12, figs. 1-19.Middle Oligocene (Brule formation, Upper Oreodon beds) : Eastside of Plum Creek, Niobrara County, Wyoming.
^3 Aquila fero.r Shufeldt proves to be a mammal. See Wetmore, Amer. Mus.Nov., No. 680, Dec. 4, 1933, pp. 1-2.
"* Howard, Auk, vol. 64, April 1947, pp. 287-291, finds that the abundantmaterial from Rancho La Brea indicates a bird with longer wing, shorter leg,and larger skull than the living population.
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ISubfamily CIRCINAE: HarriersGenus CIRCUS Lac^p^deCircus Lacepede, Tabl. Ois., 1799, p. 4. Type, by subsequent designation, Falcoacruginosus Linnaeus (Lesson, 1828).Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus) : Marsh HawkFalco cyaneus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 126.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon, Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon ; McKit-trick, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Family PANDIONIDAE : OspreysGenus PANDION SavignyPandion Savigny, Descr. figypte, Ois., vol. i, 1809, pp. 69, 96. Type, bymonotypy, Pandion fluznalis Savigny ^ Falco haliaetus Linnaeus.Pandion haliaetus Linnaeus : OspreyFalco Haliaetus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 91.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Melbourne (stratum 2),and Itchtucknee River, Florida.
Family FALCONIDAE: Caracaras and FalconsSubfamily CARACARINAE: CaracarasGenus CARACARA MerremCaracara Merrem, in Ersch and Gruber, Allg. Encycl. Wiss. Kiinste, vol. 15,1826, p. 159. Type, by subsequent designation, Falco plancus Miller (Hell-mayr and Conover, 1949).Caracara prelutosus prelutosus (Howard)Polybonts prelutosus Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 487, July 7,1938, p. 226, pis. 1-3.Pleistocene : Seminole Field, Pinellas County, and Melbourne, Flor-ida. Late Pleistocene: McKittrick, Kern County; Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County; and Rancho La Brea (type locality), Los Angeles,California.*'^
^'Recorded also from early Recent deposits at this site (Howard, H., andMiller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939, p. 43) and fromQuaternary deposits in Conkling Cavern, Organ Mountains, New Mexico.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 49Caracara prelutosus grinnelli (Howard)Polyboriis prelutosus grinnelli Howard, Condor, vol. 42, No. i, Jan. 19, 1940,p. 41.Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.Caracara latebrosus (Wetmore)Polyborus latebrosus Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, Dec. 30,1920, p. 77, pi. 2, figs. 5, 6.Recent (extinct) : ®® Cave deposits in Cueva Torano, near Utuado,Puerto Rico. Subfamily FALCONINAE: FalconsGenus FALCO LinnaeusFalco Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 88. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Falco subbuteo Linnaeus (A. O. U. Comm., 1886).Subgenus HIEROFALCO CuvierHierofalco Cuvier, Regne Animal, vol. i, 1817 (Dec. 7, 1816), p. 312. Type,by monotypy, Falco candicans Gmelin.Falco mexicanus Schlegel: Prairie FalconFalco mexicanus Schlegel, Abh. Geb. Zool. Vergl. Anat., Heft 3, 1851, p. 15.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Late Pleistocene : McKittrick, and Rancho LaBrea, Los Angeles, California.Falco swarthi MillerFalco su'arthi L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 29, No. 3, May 15, 1927, p. 152,fig. 54-Late Pleistocene: McKittrick, California.Falco oregonus HowardFalco oregonus H. Howard, Carnegie List. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25,1946, p. 178, pi. I, figs. 2, 3.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Subgenus RHYNCHODON NitzschRhynchodon Nitzsch, Obs. Avium Art. Carot. Comm., 1829, p. 20. Type, bysubsequent designation, Falco peregrinus Tunstall (A. O. U. Comm.,1886).
•^^ Licluded here since it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom bones.
50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Falco peregrinus Tunstall: Peregrine FalconFalco Peregrinus Tunstall, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1.Modern form reported from Late Pleistocene : Potter Creek Cave,Shasta County, McKittrick, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles,California. Subgenus TINNUNCULUS VieillotTinmincnhis Vieillot, Ois. Amer. Sept., vol. i, 1807, p. 39. Type, by subse-quent designation, Falco columbarhis Linnaeus (Walden, 1872).Falco columbarius Linnaeus : Pigeon HawkFalco columbarius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 90.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, andRancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Falco ramenta WetmoreFalco ramenta Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 84, Nov. 3, 1936, p. 75,fig. 14.Miocene (Sheep Creek formation) : Dawes County, Nebraska.
Subgenus CERCHNEIS BoleCerchncis Boie, Isis von Oken, vol. 19, Heft 10, October 1826, col. 970. Type,by monotypy, Falco rupicolus Daudin.Falco sparverius Linnaeus : Sparrow HawkFalco sparverius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 90.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Cavern deposits nearLecanto, Florida ; San Josecito Cavern, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. LatePleistocene : Samwel and Potter Creek caves, Shasta County, McKit-trick, Carpinteria, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, San Pedro(Palos Verdes sand), Los Angeles County, California.
Order GALLIFORMES: Megapodes, Curassows, Pheasants,and HoATZiNSSuborder GALLI : Megapodes, Curassows, Grouse, and PheasantsSuperfamily CRACOIDEA : Megapodes, Curassows, and GuansFamily GALLINULOIDIDAE: GallinuloidesGenus GALLINULOIDES EastmanGallinuloides Eastman, Geol. Mag., February 1900, p. 54. Type, by mono-typy, Gallinuloides wyomingcnsis Eastman.
NO, 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 5
1
Gallinuloides wyomingensis EastmanGallinuloides wyomingetisis Eastman, Geol. Mag., n. s., vol. 7, pt. 4, No. 2,February 1900, p. 54, pi. 4.Middle Eocene (Green River formation): Fossil (type locality),and Henry's Fork, Wyoming,
Family CRACIDAE: Curassows, Guans, and ChaciialacasGenus ORTALIS MerremOrtalida (accusative case) = Ortalis (nominative) Merrem, Avium Rar.Icones et Descrip., vol. 2, 1786, p. 40. Type, by original designation,Phasiamis motmot Linnaeus.Ortalis phengites WetmoreOrtalis phengites Wetmore, Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist., vol, 48, art. 12,Dec. 3, 1923, p. 487, figs, 1-2.Lov^er Pliocene (Upper Snake Creek beds) : South of Agate, SiouxCounty, Nebraska,
Ortalis tantala WetmoreOrtalis tantala Wetmore, Condor, vol, 35, No. 2, Mar. 15, 1933, p. 64, figs.10-14,Lower Miocene (Lower Harrison beds) : Carnegie Hill, SiouxCounty, Nebraska.Ortalis poUicaris MnxEROrtalis pollicaris A, H, Miller, Univ, California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.,vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p, 91, fig. 5,Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota,
Genus BOREORTALIS BrodkorbBoreortalis Brodkorb, Wilson Bull., vol. 66, No. 3, September (Oct. 29),1954. P- i8o- Type, by original designation, Boreortalis laesslci Brodkorb.Boreortalis laesslei BrodkorbBoreortalis laesslei Brodkorb, Wilson Bull., vol. 66, No. 3, September (Oct.29), 1954, P- 182, fig, I (on p. 181).Lower Miocene (Hawthorn formation) : Thomas Farm, 8 milesnorth of Bell, Gilchrist County, Florida.
52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ISuperfamily PHASIANOIDEA : Grouse, Quails, Pheasants, and TurkeysFamily TETRAONIDAE: Grouse and PtarmigansGenus DENDRAGAPUS ElliotDendragaptis Elliot, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 16, No. 1,January-February (April 22,), 1864, p. 23. Type, by subsequent designa-tion, Tetrao obscurus Say (Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, 1874).Dendragapus obscurus (Say) : Blue GrouseTetrao obscurus Say, in Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., vol. 2, 1823, p. 14.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Samwel and PotterCreek caves, Shasta County, California.Dendragapus lucasi (SnuFELDT)^^Pedioccctes lucasi Siiufeldt, Auk, vol. 8, No. 4, October 1891, p. 367.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Dendragapus nanus (Siiufeldt) ^''^Pedioccctes nanus Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891,p. 821.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Genus BONASA StephensBonasa Stephens, in Shaw, Gen. Zool., vol. 9, pt. 2, 1819, p. 298. Type, bysubsequent designation, Tetrao umbellus Linnaeus (A. O. U. Committee,1886).Bonasa umbellus (Linnaeus) : Ruffed Grouse ''^Tetrao umbellus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 275.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Cave near Frankstown,Pennsylvania ; Cumberland Cave, near Corriganville, Allegany County,Maryland ; caves of Tennessee. Late Pleistocene : Potter Creek Cave,Shasta County, California.Genus TYMPANUCHUS Gloger c^Tytnpanuchus Gloger, Hand- und Hilfsbuch Naturg., 1842 (pp. 1-450, 1841),p. 396. Type, by monotypy, Tetrao cupido Linnaeus.6T Assigned to Dendragapus by Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551,Jan. 25, 1946, p. 180.68 Bonasa ceres Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, Aug. 4, 191 3,p. 299, pi. 55, figs. 18-20, pi. 56, figs. 45-72, from the Pleistocene of the fissurebeds of Arkansas is possibly a synonym. On p. 300 of the reference cited theauthor alludes to it as Lagopus ceres.69 Records from Fossil Lake, Oregon, formerly placed under Tympamichuspallidicinctus are now referred to Centrocercus urophasianus and Dendragapuslucasi. See Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, p. 179.
NO, 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 53Tympanuchus luUi ShufeldtTympamichus lulli Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 1915, p. 69, pi. 12, fig. 90.? Pleistocene : '^° Hornerstown, New Jersey,Tympanuchus stirtoni MillerTympamichus stirtoni A. H. Miller, Univ. California Pub!., Bull. Dept. Geol.Sci., vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 92, fig. 6.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota,Genus PEDIOECETES BairdPedioecetes Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac, vol. 9, 1858, pp. xxi, xliv.Type, by monotypy, Tetrao phasianellns Linnaeus.Pedioecetes phasianellus (Linnaeus) : Sharp-tailed GrouseTetrao Phasianellus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 160.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Genus CENTROCERCUS SwainsonCentrocerais Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer.,vol. 2, 1831 (1832), pp. 358, 496. Type, by original designation, Tetraourophasianus Bonaparte.Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte) : Sage GrouseTetrao urophasianus Bonaparte, Zool. Journ., vol. 3, No. 10, April-September,1827, p. 213.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon,Genus PALAEALECTORIS WetmorePalaealectoris Wetmore, Condor, vol. 32, No. 3, May 15, 1930, p. 152. Type,by monotypy, Palaealectoris incertus Wetmore.Palaealectoris incertus WetmorePalaealectoris incertus Wetmore, Condor, vol. 32, No. 3, May 15, 1930, p. 152,figs. 51-53-Lower Miocene (Lower Harrison beds) : Agate fossil quarry, nearAgate, Sioux County, Nebraska.Genus PALAEOTETRIX ShufeldtPalaeotetrix Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891, p. 821,Type, by monotypy, Palaeotetrix cjilli Shufeldt.
^° Cited in the original description as "Post-Pliocene.'
54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Palaeotetrix gilli ShufeldtPalaeotctrix gilli Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891,p. 821.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.
Genus PALAEOPHASIANUS ShufeldtPalaeophasiamis Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art. 16,Aug. 4, 1913, p. 291. Type, by monotypy, Palaeophasiamis meleagroidesShufeldt.Palaeophasianus meleagroides Siiuff.ldtPalaeophasiamis meleagroides Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.32, art. 16, Aug. 4, 1913, p. 291, pi. 58, figs. 81-84, 86-88.Lower Eocene (Wasatch) : Elk Creek, Big Horn Basin (type lo-cality). Eocene (Bridger) : Henry's Fork, Wyoming,Family PHASIANIDAE: Quails, Pheasants, and PeacocksSubfamily ODONTOPHORINAE : American QuailsGenus COLINUS GoldfussColimis Goldfuss, Handb. Zool., vol. 2, 1820, p. 220. Type, by monotypy,Perdix mcxicamis, Caille de la Louisiane, PI. Enl. 149= Tetrao virgini-anus Linnaeus.Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus) : BobwhiteTetrao virginianus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 161.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Melbourne, and cavern deposits near Lecanto, Florida ; cavesof Tennessee.Colinus hibbardi WetmoreColinus hibbardi Wetmore, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 30, pt. i. No. 9,May 15, 1944. P- 96, figs. 4-8.Upper Pliocene (Rexroad fauna) : Meade County, Kansas,
? Colinus eatoni Shufeldt ''^Colimis eatoni Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Febru-ary 1915, p. 70, pi. I3> fig- 103.Geologic age uncertain : Western Kansas,
^1 Relationship uncertain. From the published figure it may possibly be anoscinine passeriform.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 55Genus LOPHORTYX BonaparteLophortyx Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 42. Type, by subse-quent designation, Tetrao califoniicits Shaw (Gray, 1840).Lophortyx californicus (Shaw) : California QuailTetrao califoniicus Shaw, in Sliaw and Nodder, Nat. Misc. vol. 9, 1798, textto pi. 345.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Hawver Cave, El-dorado County, Carpinteria, McKittrick, Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles and San Pedro (Palos Verdes sand), Los Angeles County,California. Genus OREORTYX BairdOreortyx Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac, vol. 9, 1858, pp. xxi, xlv,638, 642. Type, by original designation, Ortyx picta Douglas.Oreortyx pictus (Douglas) : Mountain QuailOrtyx picta Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 16, pt. i, 1829, p. 143.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Potter Creek andSamwel caves, Shasta County, and Hawver Cave, Eldorado County,California. Quaternary (probably Recent) : Rocky Arroyo, NewMexico. Genus MIORTYX MillerMiortyx A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci., vol. 27,No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 93. Type, by original designation, Miortyx teresMiller.Miortyx teres MillerMiortyx teres A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.,vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 93, fig. 7.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota.
Genus CYRTONYX GouldCyrtonyx Gould, Monogr. Odontophoridae, pt. i, 1844, pi. and text. Type, bymonotypy, Ortyx massena Lesson ^ Ortyx montesumae Vigors.Cyrtonyx montezumae (Vigors) : Harlequin QuailOrtyx Montesumae Vigors, Zool. Journ., vol. 5, June 1830, p. 275.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon.
56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ICyrtonyx cooki WetmoreCyrtonyx cooki Wetmore, Condor, vol. 36, No. i, Jan. 15, 1934, p. 30, fig. 5.Upper Miocene (Upper Sheep Creek beds) : 17 miles south ofAgate, Sioux County, Nebraska.Cyrtonyx tedfordi Miller ''^Cyrtonyx tedfordi L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 54, No. 5, Sept. 22, 1952, p. 298,fig. 2.Upper Miocene (Barstow formation) : Lake bed horizon, nearBarstow, California.Subfamily PHASIANINAE: Old World Partridges andPheasantsGenus PHASIANUS LinnaeusPhasianus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 158. Type, by tau-tonymy, Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus.Phasianus alfhildae Siiufeldt^^Phasianus alfhildae Siiufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 191S, p. 7i-Geologic age uncertain : 100 feet below horizon of Haystack Butte,Haystack Mountain, Wyoming.Genus ARCHAEOPHASIANUS LambrechtArchaeophasianus Lambrecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933, p. 438. Type, by sub-sequent designation, Phasianus roberti Stone (Brodkorb, 1952).Archaeophasianus roberti (Stone)Phasianus roberti Stone, Auk, vol. 32, No. 3, July (June 29), 1915, p. 376.Lower Miocene (Middle John Day formation) : Paulina"* Creek,6 miles from junction with Beaver Creek, Crook County, Oregon.? Archaeophasianus mioceanus (Shufeldt)^*Phasianus mioceanus Siiufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 1915, p. 60, pi. 13, figs. 94, 96.Miocene : Chimney Rock and Scott's Bluff, Nebraska.
^2 Allocation in this genus tentative.
^3 Allocation of this species to the Old World genus Phasianus follows theusage of the original describer, and is subject to verification.f* Given as "Parilina" in the original place of publication, through an errorin reading the field label.
''^ Described from fragmentar>' humerus and femur from the two separatelocalities listed. Probably a composite, with neither bone coming from a bird ofthis family. Assigned to Archaeophasianus by Lambrecht.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 57Family MELEAGRIDIDAE : TurkeysGenus MELEAGRIS LinneausMcleagris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. lo, vol. i, 1758, p. 156. Type, by tau-tonymy, Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus.Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus : Turkey "^^Meleagris Gallopavo Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 156.Modern form reported from Upper Pliocene (Rexroad formation) :Meade County Kansas. Pleistocene : Hartman's or Crystal Hill Cave,near Stroudsburg, and Durham Cave, near Riegelsville, Bucks County,and caves near Carlisle, Pennsylvania ; North Liberty, St. JosephCounty, Indiana ; Ashmore, Coles County, Illinois ; caves of Tennes-see ; fissure beds, Arkansas ; Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Sara-sota, Bradenton, Itchtucknee River, Melbourne, and cavern deposits atOcala and Lecanto, Florida ; near San Antonio, Socorro County, NewMexico. ^^Meleagris antiqua MarshMeleagris antiquus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, August 1871,p. 126.Oligocene (White River formation) : "G Ranch," Colorado.Meleagris celer MarshMeleagris celer Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872, p. 261.Pleistocene : Monmouth County, New Jersey.Meleagris richmondi SiiufeldtMeleagris richmondi Siiufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19,February 1915, p. 67, pi. 2, fig. 19.Pleistocene: Near Mission San Jose, Alameda County, California.Meleagris superba CopeMeleagris superbus Cope, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, n.s., vol. 14, pt. i,December 1870, p. 239.Pleistocene: Monmouth County (type locality), and Manalapan,^^New Jersey ; Frankstown and Port Kennedy caves, Pennsylvania.
''^ Ardea sellardsi Shufeldt, 9th Ann. Rep. Florida State Geol. Surv., 1917,p. 38, pi. 2, fig. 15, from Vero (stratum 3) is a synonym of Meleagris gallopavoaccording to Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 85, No. 2. Apr. 13, 1931,pp. 10- 1 1, 32-33. Tiie deposit is now considered to be of Recent age. See Cooke,Florida Geol. Surv. Geol. Bull. 29, 1945, pp. 306-307.
'^'^ Possibly Upper Pliocene.
''^ Type locality of Meleagris alius Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4,1872, p. 260, which is a synonym.
58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Meleagris tridens WetmoreMeleagris tridetus Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 85, No. 2, Apr.13, 1931, P- 33, fig. 13, pl. 6.Pleistocene: Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Florida.Meleagris crassipes MillerMeleagris crassipes L. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 42, No. 3, May 15, 1940, p. 154,figs. 44-45.Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.Genus PARAPAVO MillerParapavo L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 9,No. 9, Mar. 10, 1916, p. 96. Type, by monotypy, Pavo calijornicus Miller.Parapavo califomicus (Miller)Pavo californicus L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol.,vol. 5, No. 19, Aug. 14, 1909, p. 285, pl. 25.Upper Pliocene : Cita Canyon, Randall County, Texas. Pleistocene
:
York Valley site at Avenue 45 and Lincoln Avenue, Highland Park,Los Angeles, and southwest of La Habra near Los Angeles-OrangeCounty line, California. Late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, and RanchoLa Brea (type locality ),"'•' Los Angeles, California.Order GRUIFORMES : Cranes, Rails, and AlliesSuborder GRUES : Cranes, Limpkins, Trumpeters, and RailsSuperfamily GRUOIDEA : Cranes, Limpkins, and TrumpetersFamily GERANOIDIDAE : GeranoidesGenus GERANOIDES WetmoreGeranoides Wetmore, Condor, vol. 35, No. 3, May 15, 1933, p. 11 5- Type,by original designation, Geranoides jepseni Wetmore.Geranoides jepseni WetmoreGeranoides jepseni Wetmore, Condor, vol. 35, No. 3, May 15, 1933, p. 115.fig. 22.Lower Eocene (Gray Bull member) : South Elk Creek, BighornCounty, Wyoming.
'" Recorded also from early Recent deposits in Pit 10 at this site (Howard, H.,and Miller, A. H., Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 514, 1939, p. 43). Parapavooklahomacnsis Stovall and Sandoz, Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1936,p. 77, is a nomen nudum.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 59Family GRUIDAE: CranesSubfamily GRUINAE: CranesGenus ALETORNIS Marsh soAlctoniis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., scr. 3, vol. 14, October 1872, p. 256.Type, by subsequent designation, Aletornis nobilis Marsh (Hay, 1902).Aletomis bellus Marsh siAletornis bellus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872,p. 258.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming.Aletornis gracilis Marsh ^^Aletornis gracilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872,p. 258.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Henry's Fork, Wyoming.Aletornis nobilis Marsh ^2Aletornis nobilis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872, p. 256.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming.Aletornis pemix MarshAletornis pemix Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872, p. 256.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Henry's Fork, Wyoming.Genus FULICALETORNIS LambrechtFulicaletornis Lambrecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933, p. 479. Type, by mono-typy, Aletornis venustus Marsh.
s" Allocation in the subfamily Gruinae provisional.51 Considered by Shufcldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Febru-ary 191 5, pp. 32, 76, as possibly a species of Scolopacidae.52 Marsh in his original proiwsal of the genus Aletornis included in it fivesi)ecies without selecting a type. From the five in question Hay, U. S. Geol.Surv., Bull. 179, 1902, p. 527, designated Aletomis nobilis Marsh as genotype.Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, 1915, pp. 30, 31, placedA. nobilis in Grus, and described in the same paper (p. yy) Grtis marshi. Lam-brecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933, p. 520, proposed the genus Protogrus forAletornis nobilis and Grus marshi, without designating a type. Lambrecht'saction as regards A. nobilis obviously is erroneous as his proposed genus in-cludes the genotype of Aletornis. Aletornis nobilis, therefore, is to be listedas above, and pending study Grus marshi is included tentatively under Grus.Brodkorb, Condor, vol. 54, No. 3, May 21, 1952, p. 175, has designated A. nobilis,already the type of Aletornis through action by Hay, as the type of Protogrus.That generic name therefore becomes a synonym of Aletomis.
60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Fulicaletornis venustus (Marsh) ^^Aletornis venustus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872,p. 257-Eocene (Bridger formation) : Henry's Fork, Wyoming.Genus PARAGRUS LambrechtParagrus Lambrecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933, p. 520. Type, by monotypy,Gallinuloides prentici Lootnis.Paragrus prentici (Loomis)Gallinuloides prentici F. B. Loomis, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 22, Decem-ber 1906, p. 481, figs. 1-3.Eocene (Wasatch) : Head of Elk Creek, lo miles west of Otto,Wyoming. Genus GRUS PallasGrus Pallas, Misc. Zool., 1766, p. 66. Type, by tautonymy, Ardca grtis Lin-naeus.Grus americana (Linnaeus) : Whooping CraneArdca americana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., cd. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 142.Modern form reported from late Upper Pliocene : Snake River,13 miles northwest of Grandview, Idaho. Pleistocene: Seminole Field,Pinellas County, Itchtucknee River, and Melbourne (stratum 2), Flor-ida. Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Grus canadensis (Linnaeus) : Sandhill Crane s*Ardea canadcyisis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 141.Modern form reported from Lower Pliocene (Upper Snake Creekbeds) : Sioux County, Nebraska. From ? Pleistocene: Niobrara River,Nebraska,*^ and Grizzly Buttes, Wyoming. From Pleistocene: Ash-83 Systematic allocation provisional. Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. ArtsSci., vol. 19, February 1915, pp. 31, 32, y6, placed this species in the genusFulica, the principal basis for Lambrecht's action in proposing Fulicaletornis.
^* Grus canadensis is used as a species name to cover records of cranes ofthis type from the Pliocene and Pleistocene, including specimens that rangein size from the modern little brown crane to the larger races of the sandhillcrane.Grus minor L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 5,August 1910, p. 446, fig. 8, from the Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, is nowconsidered by the describer as a synonym of Grus canadensis.85 This specimen, from either Pliocene or Pleistocene deposits, is the basisof Grus haydcni Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, 1870, p. 214, con-sidered by Wetmore, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 302, Feb. 29, 1928, p. 4, as a synonymof Grus canadensis.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 6l
more, Coles County, Illinois ; Melbourne, Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, and Bradenton, Florida. Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, and McKittrick, California.Grus proavus MarshGnts proavus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872, p. 261.Pleistocene: Monmouth County, New Jersey.Grus nannodes Wetmore and MartinGrus nannodes Wetmore and Martin, Condor, vol. 32, No. i, Jan. 20, 1930,p. 62, figs. 23-25.Middle Pliocene (Ogallala formation, Edson beds) : Sec. 25, T. 10S., R. 38 W., Sherman County, Kansas.Grus conferta Miller and SibleyGrus conferta A. H. Miller and C. G. Sibley, Condor, vol. 44, No. 3, May 15,1942, p. 126, fig. 50.Late Lower Pliocene (Siesta formation) : Black Hawk Ranch,southern base of Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, California.Grus marshi Shufeldt ^sGrus marshi Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February1915, p. 77, pl- 15, figs. 144-147.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Henry's Fork, Wyoming.
Family ARAMIDAE : LimpkinsGenus ARAMUS VieillotAramus Vieillot, Analyse, 181 6, p. 58. Type, by monptypy, Courliri Buf-fon = Ardea scolopacea Gnielin.Aramus guarauna Linnaeus: LimpkinScolopax Guarauna Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., cd. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 242.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, and Itchtucknee River, Florida.
Genua BADISTORNIS WetmoreBadistornis Wetmore, Journ. Morph., vol. 66, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 30. Type, byoriginal designation, Badistornis aramus Wetmore.8^ Generic allocation doubtful. See footnote under Aletomis nobilis (p. 59).
62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Badistornis aramus WetmoreBadistornis aramus Wetmore, Journ. Morph., vol. 66, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 30,figs. 7-10.OHgocene (Metamynodon zone, Brule formation) : 35 miles south-west of Scenic, South Dakota.
Genus ARAMORNIS WetmoreAramornis Wetmore, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 211, Mar. ii, 1926, p. i. Type,by original designation, Aramornis longurio Wetmore.Aramornis longurio WetmoreAramornis longurio Wetmore, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 211, Mar. 11, 1926,p. I, figs. 1-4.Middle Miocene (Lower Sheep Creek beds) : Snake Creek Quar-ries, Sioux County, Nebraska.
Genus GNOTORNIS WetmoreGnotornis Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. loi, No. 14, May 11, 1942,p. I. Type, by monotypy, Gnotornis araviiellus Wetmore.Gnotornis aramiellus WetmoreGnotornis aramiellus Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. loi, No. 14,May II, 1942, p. I, figs. 1-4.Upper OHgocene (Upper Brule formation, Protoceras-Leptau-chenia beds) : 25 miles southeast of Scenic and 6 miles east of Rocky-ford, Washington County, South Dakota.
Superfamily RALLOIDEA: RailsFamily RALLIDAE: Rails, Gallinules, and CootsSubfamily RALLINAE: RailsGenus TELMATORNIS Marsh s^Telmatornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870, p. 210.Type, by subsequent designation, Telmatornis priscus Marsh (Hay, 1902).Telmatornis affinis MarsuTelmatornis affinis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, Alarch 1870,p. 211.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.
s'^ Allocation in the subfamily Rallinae provisional.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 63Telmatornis priscus MarshTchnatornis priscus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870,p. 210.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.Telmatornis rex ShufeldtTelmatornis rex Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Feb-ruary 1915, p. 27, pi. 13, fig. lOI.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.Genus PALAEORALLUS WetmorePalacorallus Wetmore, Condor, vol. 2>i> No. 3, May 15, 1931, p. 108. Type,by original designation, Palacorallus troxclli Wetmore.Palacorallus troxelli WetmorePalacorallus troxclli Wetmore, Condor, vol. 2i2>, No. 3, Alay 15, 1931, p. 108,figs. 26-29.Lower Eocene (Wasatch formation) : Northwest of Little TatmanMountain, near Btirlington, Wyoming.Genus CRECCOIDES ShufeldtCrcccoides Shufeldt, Proc. Amer. Pliilos. Soc, vol. 30, Apr. 14, 1892, p. 125.Type, by monotypy, Creccoidcs osbornii Shufeldt.Creccoides osbornii ShufeldtCreccoides osbornii Shufeldt, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 30, Apr. 14,1892, p. 125.Pliocene (Blanco fauna) : Blanco Canyon, Crosby County, Texas.Genus EPIRALLUS MillerEpirallus L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ. Z06I., vol. 47, Mar. 6, 1942,p. 43. Type, by monotypy, Epirallus natator Miller.Epirallus natator MillerEpirallus natator L. H. AIiller, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 43, Mar. 6,1942, p. 43, fig. I a.Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.Genus RALLUS LinnaeusRallus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., cd. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 153. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus (Fleming, 1821).Rallus elegans Audubon : King RailRallus elegans Audubon, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 3, 1834, pi. 203.
64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IModern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, and Itchtucknee River, Florida,Rallus longirostris Boddaert: Clapper RailRallus longirostris Boddaert, Table Planch. Enlum., 1783, p. 52.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida.Rallus limicola Vieillot : Virginia RailRallus limicola Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., vol. 28, May 1819,p. 558.Modern form recorded from Pleistocene : Reddick, Marion County,Florida, Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon; McKittrick, Cali-fornia,Rallus prenticei WetmoreRallus prenticei Wetmore, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., vol. 30, pt. i, No. 9,May 15, 1944, p. 99, figs. 9-19.Upper Pliocene (Rexroad fauna) : Meade County, Kansas.
Genus PORZANA VieillotPorsana Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 61. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy,Marouette Buffon = Rallus porsana Linnaeus.Porzana Carolina (Linnaeus) : SoraRallus carolinus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 153.Pleistocene : Near Reddick, Marion County, Florida.Porzana auffenbergi BrodkorbPorsana auffenbergi Brodkorb, Condor, vol. 56, No. 2, Mar. 26, 1954, p. 103,fig. I.Pleistocene (stratum 2, shell layer, Sangamon stage) : near Haile,Alachua County, Florida.
Genus LATERALLUS GrayLaterallus G. R. Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 120. Type, by mono-typy, Rallus vielanophaius Vieillot.Laterallus guti BrodkorbLaterallus guti Brodkoru, Wilson Bull., vol. 64, No. 2, June 16, 1952, p. 80,fig. I. 'Pleistocene : i mile south of Reddick, Marion County, Florida.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS WETMORE 65Genus ARAMIDES PucheranAramides Pucheran, Rev. Zool., vol. 8, August 1845, p. 277. Type, by origi-nal designation, Fulica cayennensis Gmelin.Aramides cajanea (Muller) : Wood RailFulica Cajanea P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, p. 119.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Genus NESOTROCHIS WetmoreNcsotrochis Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, Nov. 21, 1918, p. 516.Type, by original designation, Nesotrochis dcbooyi Wetmore.Nesotrochis debooyi WetmoreNesotrochis debooyi Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 54, Nov. 21, 1918,p. 516, pi. 82.Recent (extinct) :^^ Archeological sites on St. Thomas ^^ and St.Croix, Virgin Islands ; and at Barrio Canas, near Ponce ; caverndeposits in Cueva Clara and Cueva San Miguel, near Morovis ; CuevaTorano, and a cave on Hacienda Jobo, near Utuado, Puerto Rico.Subfamily GALLINULINAE: GallinulesGenus PORPHYRULA BlythPorphyriila Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc, 1849 (1852), p. 283. Type,by monotypy, P. chloronotus Blyth= Porphyria alleni Thomson.Porphyrula martinica (Linnaeus) : Purple GallinuleFulica martinica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 259.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Haile, Alachua County,Florida. Genus GALLINULA BrissonGaUinula Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 50; vol. 6, p. 2. Type, by tautonymyGallinula Brisson == Fulica chloropus Linnaeus.Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus) : Common GallinuleFulica Chloropus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 152.Modern form reported from Upper Pliocene (Hagerman lakebeds) : Near Hagerman, Idaho. From Pleistocene : ''° Seminole Field,
S8 Included here as it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom bones. Possibly the species lived until Spanish colonial times.
^^ Type locality a kitchen midden at Magen's Bay, on the north coast ofSt. Thomas.
^0 Reported from Pleistocene at Haile, Alachua County, Florida, on basis of a
66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Pinellas County, and Itchtucknee River, Florida. Late Pleistocene
:
Banos de Ciego Montero, Cuba.
Genus PALAEOCREX Wetmore 01Palaeocrex Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2, July15, 1927, p. 9. Type, by monotypy, Palaeocrex fax Wetmore.Palaeocrex fax WetmorePalaeocrex fax Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2,July 15, 1927, p. 9, figs. 15-18.Lower Oligocene (Chadronian, Horsetail Creek facies) : HorsetailCreek, Weld County, Colorado.
Genus EOCREX WetmoreEocrex Wetmore, Condor, vol. 33, No. 3, May 15, 1931, p. 107. Type, byoriginal designation, Eocrex prhmts Wetmore.Eocrex primus WetmoreEocrex primus Wetmore, Condor, vol. 33, No. 3, May 15, 1931, p. 107, figs.21-25.Lower Eocene ("Wasatch" formation) : Near Steamboat Springs,Sweetwater County, Colorado (sec. 13, T. 24 N., R, 102 W., inCathedral Bluffs).
Subfamily FULICINAE: CootsGenus FULICA LinnaeusFidica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 152. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Fulica atra Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Fulica americana Gmelin : American CootFulica americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. r, pt. 2, 1789, p. 704.Modern form recorded from Upper Pliocene (Rexroad fauna) :Meade County, Kansas. Pleistocene : Seminole Field, Pinellas County,Bradenton, Itchtucknee River, and Haile, Alachua County, Florida;Hemphill County, Texas ; San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and San Pedro(Palos Verdes formation), Los Angeles County, California.
cervical vertebra, by Brodkorb, Wilson Bull., vol. 65, No. i, March (Apr. 22),1953, P- 50.81 Subfamily allocation provisional.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 67
Fulica minor Shufeldt''^Fulica minor Siiufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891, p. 820.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon.Suborder CARIAMAE: Cariamas and AlliesFamily BATHORNITHIDAE : BathornithesGenus BATHORNIS WetmoreBathornis Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2, July 15,1927, p. II. Type, by monotypy, Bathornis veredus Wetmore.Bathornis veredus WetmoreBathornis veredus Wetmore, Proc. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 2,July 15, 1927, p. II, figs. 19-24.Lower Oligocene (Chadronian, Horsetail Creek facies) : HorsetailCreek, Weld County, Colorado (type locality) ; near Crawford, Ne-braska; Indian Creek, Pennington County, South Dakota.Bathornis celeripes WetmoreBathornis celeripes Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 75, October 1933,p. 302, figs. 6-14.Upper Oligocene (Brule formation) : Near Torrington, GoshenCounty, Wyoming (type locality) ; 12 miles northwest of Crawford,Nebraska.Bathornis cursor WetmoreBathornis cursor Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 75, October 1933,p. 310, figs. IS-19.Upper Oligocene (Brule formation) : Near Torrington, GoshenCounty, W^yoming.Bathornis geographicus WetmoreBathornis geographicus Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. loi, No. 14,May II, 1942, p. 3, figs. 5-13.Upper Oligocene (Upper Brule formation, Protoceras-Leptau-chenia beds) : 25 miles southeast of Scenic and 6 miles east of Rocky-ford, Washington County, South Dakota.
^2 Howard (Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, pp. 182-183)places all Fulica records from Fossil Lake, Oregon, under this name. She con-siders minor the Pleistocene ancestor of modern Fulica americana, listing it asFulica americana minor, the relationship indicated by the trinomial expressingdistribution through geologic time and not the geographic range of two sub-species existing simultaneously.
68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IOrder DIATRYMIFORMES : DiatrymasFamily DIATRYMIDAE : DiatrymasGenus BARORNIS MarshBarornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 48, 1894, p. 344. Type, bymonotypy, Barornis regens Marsh.Barornis regens Marsh ^^Barornis regens Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 48, October 1894, p. 344,text fig.Eocene: Squankum, Monmouth County, New Jersey.
Genus DIATRYMA CopeDiatryma Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 28, sign. 2, April 18,1876, p. II. Type, by monotypy, Diatryma gigantea Cope.Diatryma ajax ShufeldtDiatryma ajax Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 2>^, art. 16,Aug. 4, 1913, p. 287, pi. 52, figs. 4-5, pi. 53, figs. 8-10, pi. 54, figs. 13-14.Lower Eocene (Wasatch formation) : 3 (type locahty) and 5 milessoutheast of mouth of Pat O'Hara Creek, Clark's Fork Basin, Wy-oming.Diatryma giganteum CopeDiatryma gigantea Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 28, sign. 2,Apr. 18, 1876, p. II.Lower Eocene (Wasatch formation) : New Mexico.^*Diatryma steini Matthew and GrangerDiatryma steini Matthew and Granger, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.37, art. II, May 28, 1917, p. 322, pis. 20-33.Lower Eocene (Wasatch, Gray Bull member) : South Elk Creek,Bighorn Basin, Wyoming.
Genus OMORHAMPHUS SinclairOmorhamphus Sinclair, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 67, 1928, p. 51. Type,by monotypy, Omorhamphus storchii Sinclair.
^3 Considered a species of Diatryma by Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad.Arts Sci., vol. 19, February 1915, pp. 37-38.
^* Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February 1915, p. 34,refers a fragment in Peabody Museum, Yale University, from Island Point,North Horseshoe, Gallina, New Mexico, to this species.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 69Omorhamphus storchii SinclairOinorhamphus storchii Sinclair, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 67, 1928, p. 52,pis. 1-2, figs. 1-3.Lower Eocene (Lower Gray Bull horizon, Lower Wasatch) : i^miles southeast of Dorsey Creek, about 2 miles south of Otto-BasinRoad, Big Horn County, Wyoming.
Order CHARADRIIFORMES : Shorebirds, Gulls, and AuksSuborder CHARADRII : ShorebirdsSuperfamily CHARADRIOIDEA : Plovers, Sandpipers, and AlliesFamily RHEGMINORNITHIDAE: RhegminornisGenus RHEGMINORNIS WetmoreRhegminornis Wetmore, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 22, June 23,1943. P- 61. Type, by original designation, Rhegminornis calobates Wet-more.Rhegminornis calobates Wetmore, Proc. New England Zool. Club, vol. 22,June 23, 1943, p. 61, pi. II, figs. 1-5.Lower Miocene (Tampa limestone) : °^ Thomas Farm, 8 miles northof Bell, Gilchrist County, Florida.
Family HAEMATOPODIDAE : OystercatchersGenus PARACTIORNIS WetmoreParactiornis Wetmore, Condor, vol. 32, No. 3, May 15, 1930, p. 133. Type,by monotypy, Paractiornis perpusillus Wetmore.Paractiornis perpusillus WetmoreParactiornis perpusillus Wetmore, Condor, vol. 32, No. 3, May 15, 1930, p. 153,figs. 54-56.Lower Miocene (Harrison formation) : Carnegie Hill, Agate FossilQuarry, near Agate, Sioux County, Nebraska.
^^ Cooke, Florida Geol. Surv., Geol. Bull. 29, 1945, pp. 1 19-120, believes thatthe specimen came from a sink in the Tampa limestone, rather than from theyounger Hawthorn formation, to which it was ascribed by T. E. White, whocollected it.
70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus PALOSTRALEGUS BrodkorbPalostralcgus Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, November1955. P- 19- Type, by original designation, Palostralcgus sulcatiis Brod-korb.Palostralegus sulcatus BrodkorbPalostralcgus sulcatus Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14,November 1955, p. 20, fig. 18.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.
Family CHARADRIIDAE : Plovers, Turnstones, and SurfbirdsSubfamily CHARADRIINAE: PloversGenus CHARADRIUS LinnaeusCharadr'ms Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 150. Type, by tau-tonymy, Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus.Charadrius sheppardianus CopeCharadrius sheppardianus Cope, Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 6, No. i,Feb. II, 1 881, p. 83.OHgocene (Florissant lake beds) : Florissant, Colorado.""Charadrius vociferus Linnaeus : KilldeerCharadrius vocijerus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 150.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brca, Los Angeles, California.
Genus EUPODA BrandtEiipoda J. F. Brandt, in Tchihatchev, Voy. Sci. Altai Orient., 1845, p. 444.Type, by monotypy, Charadrius asialicus Pallas.Eupoda montana (Townsend) : Mountain PloverCharadrius montatius J. K. Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,vol. 7, pt. 2, Nov. 21, 1837, p. 192.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, California.
8" Generic and subfamily allocation tentative, particularly since the Florissantbeds now are held to be Oligocene rather than Miocene by most paleontologists.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 7IGenus SQUATAROLA CuvierSquatarola Cuvier, Rcgne Animal, vol. i, 1817 (Dec. 7, 1816), p. 467. Type,by tautonyniy, Tringa squatarola Linnaeus.Squatarola squatarola (Linnaeus) : Black-bellied PloverTringa Squatarola Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 149.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.Genus LIMICOLAVIS Shufeldt ^^Limicolavis Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, FebruaryiQiSi P- 55- Type, by monotypy, Limicolavis pluvianella Shufeldt.Limicolavis pluvianella ShufeldtLimicolavis pluvianella Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol.19, February 1915, p. 55, pl- I5, fig- 129.? Oligocene : Lower Willow Creek, Oregon.
Family SCOLOPACIDAE : Woodcock, Snipes, and SandpipersSubfamily PALAEOTRINGINAE : PalaeotringasGenus PALAEOTRINGA MarshPalaeotringa Marsh, Anier. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870, p. 208.Type, by subsequent designation, Palaeotringa littoralis Marsh (Hay,1902).Palaeotringa littoralis Marsh ^^Palaeotringa littoralis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, Alarch 1870,p. 208.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.Palaeotringa vagans MarshPalaeotringa vagans Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 3, May 1872, p. 365.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Hornerstown, New Jersey.Palaeotringa vetus MarshPalaeotringa vetus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870,p. 209.Paleocene (Hornerstown marl) : Arneytown, New Jersey.
^^ Family relationship uncertain.88 Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February 1915, pp. 23,J7, pl. 6, fig. 35, believes this to be a gull, but this is open to question.
72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ISubfamily SCOLOPACINAE: Woodcock and SnipesGenus CAPELLA FrenzelCapella Frenzel, Beschr. Vogel und Eyer Wittenberg, 1801, p. 58. Type, bymonotypy, Scolopax coelcstis Frenzel =^ Scolopax gallinago Linnaeus.Capella gallinago (Linnaeus): Common Snipe »®Scolopax GaUinago Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 147.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.Capella anthonyi (Wetmore)Gallinago anthonyi Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, Dec. 30,1920, p. 78, pi. 2, figs. I, 2.Recent (extinct) : ^ Cave deposits in Cueva Catedral (type lo-cality) and Cueva Clara, near Morovis, Puerto Rico.
Subfamily TRINGINAE: Curlews, Yellowlegs, and AlliesGenus NUMENIUS BrissonNumenius Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 48; vol. 5, p. 311. Type, by tau-tonymy, Numenius Brisson = Scolopax arquata Linnaeus.Numenius americanus Beciistein: Long-billed CurlewNumenius americanus Bechstein, in Latham, AUgcm. Uebers. Vogel, vol. 4,pt. 2, 1812, p. 432.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Numenius borealis (Forster) : Eskimo CurlewScolopax borealis J. R. Forster, Philos. Trans., vol. 62, 1772, p. 431.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Kentuck locality) :McPherson County, Kansas.Numenius phaeopus (Linnaeus) : Whimbrel 2Scolopax Phaeopus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 146.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.09 Capella delicata (Ord), Wilson's snipe, of the previous list.1 Included here as it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom bones.^Phaeopus hudsonicus (Latham), Hudsonian curlew of the previous list.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 73Genus PALNUMENIUS MillerPahmmcnhis L. Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 43, Mar. 6, 1942,p. 45. Type, by monotypy, Palmimenms victima Miller.Palnumenius victima MillerPalnumenius Tnctima L. Miller, Univ. California Publ. Zoo!., vol. 43, Mar. 6,1942, p. 45, fig. lb.Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.
Genus BARTRAMIA LessonBartramia Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 7, Apr. 9, 1831, p. 553. Type, bymonotypy, Bartramia laticanda Lessons Tringa longicauda Bechstein.Bartramia longicauda (Bechstein) : Upland PloverTringa longicauda Bechstein, in Latham, Allgem. Uebers. Vogel, vol. 4,pt. 2, 1812, p. 453.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Meade County (Jonesfauna, Vanhem formation), and McPherson County (Kentuck lo-cality), Kansas.
Genus TOTANUS BechsteinTotanus Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschland, vol. 2, 1803, p. 282. Type,by tautonymy, Totanus maculatus Bechstein ^ Scolopax totanus Linnaeus.Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin) : Greater YellowlegsScolopax melanolcuca Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 659.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon;Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and McKittrick, Kern County, Cali-fornia,Subfamily CALIDRIINAE : Sandpipers, Godwits, and AlliesGenus CALIDRIS MerremCalidris pads Merrem, Lit. Zeitung, vol. 2, No. 168, June 8, 1804, col. 542.Type, by tautonymy, Tringa calidris Gmelin = Tringa canntus Linnaeus.Calidris pacis BrodkorbCalidris pads Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, November1955, p. 22, figs. 19, 20.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.
74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus EROLIA VieillotErolia Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 55. Type, by monotypy, Erolia variegataVieillot = Scolopax tcstacca Pallas.Erolia penepusilla BrodkorbErolia penepusilla Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, No-vember 1955, p. 23, fig. 21.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida.Erolia alpina (Linnaeus) : DunlinTringa alpina Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 149.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, California.
Genus LIMNODROMUS WiedLhnnodromus Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil, vol. 4, Abt. 2, 1833, p. 716. Type,by monotypy, Scolopax noveboracctisis Gmelin = Scolopax grisea Gmelin.Limnodromus griseus (Gmelin) : DowitcherScolopax grisea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 658.Modern form reported late Pleistocene : McKittrick, Kern County,and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Genus MICROPALAMA BairdMicropalama Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac., vol. 9, 1858, pp. xxii,xlvii, 714, 726. Type, by monotypy, Tringa himantoptis Bonaparte.Micropalama hesternus WetmoreMicropalama hesternus Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Alus., vol. 64, art. 5, Jan.15, 1924, p. n, figs. 6-7.Upper Pliocene (lilancan) : 2 miles south of Benson, Arizona.
Genus LIMOSA BrissonLimosa Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 48; vol. 5, p. 261. Type, by tautonymy,Limosa Brisson = Scolopax limosa Linnaeus.Limosa vanrossemi MillerLimosa varvrossemi L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349,August 1925, p. 116, pi. 6.Middle Miocene (Temblor, Turritella ocoyana zone) : Lompoc,California.
NO, 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 75Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE : Ibis-bills, Avocets, and StiltsSubfamily RECURVIROSTRINAE: Avocets and StiltsGenus RECURVIROSTRA LinnaeusRecurvirostra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. lo, vol. i, 1758, p. 151. Type, bymonotypy, Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus.Recurvirostra americana Gmelin : AvocetRecurvirostra americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 693.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and McKittrick, Kern County, Cali-fornia. Genus HIMANTOPUS BrissonHimantopus Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 46; vol. 5, p. 33. Type, by tau-tonymy, Himantopus Brisson =^ Charadrius himantopus Linnaeus.Himantopus mexicanus (Muller) : Black-necked StiltCharadrius Mexicanus P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 117.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.
Family PRESBYORNITHIDAE : PresbyornithesGenus PRESBYORNIS WetmorePresbyornis Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 16, Apr. 10, 1926, p. 396.Type, by monotypy, Presbyornis pervetus Wetmore.Presbyornis pervetus WetmorePresbyornis pervetus Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 16, Apr. 10, 1926,P- 396, pi. 37, figs. 10-20.Eocene (Lower Green River formation) : White River, Utah, 2miles from Colorado State line.
Family PHALAROPODIDAE: PiialaropesGenus LOBIPES CuvierLobipes Cuvier, Regne Animal, vol. i, 1817 (Dec. 7, 1816), p. 495. Type, byoriginal designation, Tringa hyperborea Linnaeus = rn'»<70 lobataLinnaeus.Lobipes lobatus (Linnaeus) : Northern PhalaropeTringa lobata Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 148.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil I-ake, Oregon.
76 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ISuborder LARI : Skuas, Gulls, Terns, and SkimmersFamily STERCORARIIDAE: Jaegers and SkuasGenus STERCORARIUS BrissonStcrcorarius Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 56; vol. 6, p. 149. Type, by tau-tonymy, Stercorarius Brisson= Larus parasiticus Linnaeus.Stercorarius shufeldti HowardStcrcorarius shufeldti H. Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 551,Jan. 25, 1946, p. 184, pi. 2, figs. I, 2.Late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.'Family LARIDAE: Gulls and TernsSubfamily LARINAE: GullsGenus LARUS Linnaeus ''Larus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 136. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Lams marinus Linnaeus (Selby, 1840).Larus glaucescens Naumann: Glaucous-winged GullLarus glaucescens Naumann, Naturg. Vogel Deutschl., vol. 10, 1840, p. 351.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes for-mation) : San Pedro, Los Angeles County, California.Larus californicus Lawrence : California GullLarus Californicus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 6, 1854,p. 79-Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Larus Philadelphia (Ord) : Bonaparte's GullSterna Philadelphia Ord, in Guthrie, Geogr., 2d Amer. ed., 1815, p. 319.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.^Larus oregonus ShufeldtLarus oregonus Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891,p. 820.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon.
3 The type of Stcrcorarius shufeldti originally was identified by Shufeldt asLarus argentatus, this specimen being the basis for the record of the herringgull from Fossil Lake.
•* Larus vcro Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., January-February 1917, p. 18, has beenidentified by Wetmore as Nycianassa znolacca Linnaeus (Smithsonian Misc. Coll.,vol. 85, No. 2, Apr. 13, 1931, p. 16).5 Records of Xema sabiui from Fossil Lake, so far as identified, refer to LarusPhiladelphia.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 'J'^Larus pristinus Shufeldt^Larus pristinus Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Febru-ary 191S, p. 54, pi. 14, fig. 112.? OHgocene (John Day) : Willow Creek, Oregon.Larus robustus ShufeldtLarus robustus Shufeldt, Amer. Nat., vol. 25, No. 297, September 1891,p. 819.Late Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon.Larus elmorei BrodkorbLarus elmorei Brodkorb, Wilson Bull., vol. 65, No. 2, June 30, 1953, p. 94,fig. I-Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Genus GAVIOTA Miller and Sibley ^Gavioia A. H. Miller and C. G. Sibley, Auk, vol. 58, No. 4, October 1941,p. 563. Type, by monotypy, Gaviota niobrara Miller and Sibley.Gaviota niobrara Miller and SibleyGaviota niobrara A. H. Miller and C. G. Sibley, Auk, vol. 58, No. 4, Octo-ber 1 941, p. 563, fig. I.Late Upper Miocene (Barstovian, Niobrara River zone) : NiobraraGame Preserve, Cherry County, Nebraska.Subfamily STERNLNAE: TernsGenus STERNA LinnaeusSterna Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 137. Type, by tautonymy.Sterna hirundo Linnaeus.Subgenus STERNA LinnaeusSterna forsteri Nuttall: Forster's TernSterna forsteri Nuttall, Manual Orn. U. S. and Canada, vol. 2, 1834, p. 274.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon.Genus CHLIDONIAS RafinesqueChlidonias Rafinesque, Kentucky Gazette, n. s., vol. i. No. 8, Feb. 21, 1822,p. 3, col. 5. Type, by monotypy. Sterna melanops Rafinesque = Sternasurinatnensis Gmelin.
^ Generic assignation in original description tentative.
^ Allocation to subfamily provisional.
78 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, I3I
Chlidonias niger (Linnaeus) : Black TernSterna nigra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 137.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon,
Suborder ALCAE: AuksFamily ALCIDAE: Auks, Murres, and PuffinsSubfamily NAUTILORNITHINAE : NautilornithesGenus NAUTILORNIS WetmoreNautilornis Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 16, Apr. 10, 1926, p. 392.Type, by original designation, Nautilornis avus Wetmore.Nautilornis avus WetmoreNautilornis avus Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 16, Apr. 10, 1926, p. 392,pi. 36, figs. 1-8.Eocene (Lower Green River formation) : White River, Utah, 2miles from Colorado State line.Nautilornis proavitus WetmoreNautilornis proavitus Wetmore, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vol. 16, Apr. 10, 1926,P- 394, Pl- 36, fig. 9-Eocene (Lower Green River formation) : White River, Utah, 2miles from Colorado State Hne.
Genus HYDROTHERIKORNIS MillerHydrotherikornis A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.,vol. 20, No. 3, Apr. 21, 1931, p. 24. Type, by monotypy, Hydrotherikornisoregonus Miller.Hydrotherikornis oregonus MillerHydrotherikornis oregonus A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept.Geol. Sci., vol. 20, No. 3, Apr. 21, 1931, p. 24, fig. i.Upper Eocene (Arago series) : Sunset Bay, near Coos Bay, CoosCounty, Oregon.
Subfamily ALCINAE: Auks and MurresGenus AUSTRALCA BrodkorbAustratca Brodkokb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, November 1955,p. 25. Type, by original designation, Australca grandis Brodkorb.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 79Australca grandis BrodkorbAustralca grandis Brodkorb, Florida Geol. Surv. Rep. Invest. No. 14, No-vember 1955, p. 27, figs. 24, 29.Pliocene (Bone Valley formation) : Near Brewster, Polk County,Florida. Genus URIA BrissonUria Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 52; vol. 6, p. 70. Type, by tautonymy,Uria Brisson ^ Colymbus aalgc Pontoppidan.Uria aalge (Pontoppidan) : Common MurreColymbus aalge Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, vol. i, 1763, p. 621, pi. 26.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand)
:
Playa del Rey, and Mussel Rock, San Mateo County, California.Uria affinis (Marsh)Catarractes affinis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872,p. 259.Pleistocene : Railroad cut on bank of Penobscot River, near Bangor,Maine,Uria antiqua (Marsh)Catarractes antiquus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870,p. 213.Miocene : Tarboro, Edgecombe County, North Carolina.
Genus MIOCEPPHUS WetmoreMiocepphus Wetmore, Journ. Morph., vol. 66, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 35. Type, bymonotypy, Miocepphus mccltmgi Wetmore.Miocepphus mcclungi WetmoreMiocepphus mcclungi Wetmore, Journ. Morph., vol. 66, Jan. 2, 1940, p. 35,figs. 11-14.Miocene (Calvert formation, zone 12) : Near the mouth of ParkerCreek, Calvert County, Maryland.^
Genus BRACHYRAMPHUS BrandtBrachyramphus M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, vol. 2,No. 22, Mar. 19, 1837, col. 346. Type, by subsequent designation, Colymbusmarmoratus Gniclin (Gray, 1840).
^ Two records.
80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IBrachyramphus pliocenum HowardBrachyramphus pliocenus Howard, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 584,June 22, 1949, p. 191.Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : Washington BoulevardFreeway, San Diego, California.
Genus SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS BrandtSynthlihoramphus M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg,vol. 2, No. 22, Mar. 19, 1837, col. 347. Type, by subsequent designation,Alca antiqua Gmelin (Gray, 1840).Ssmthliboramphus antiquum (Gmelin) : Ancient MurreletAlca antiqua Gmeun, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 554.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :San Pedro, California.
Genus PTYCHORAMPHUS BrandtPtychoramphiis M. Brandt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, vol. 2,No. 22, Mar. 19, 1837, col. 347. Type, by monotypy, Uria aleutica Pallas.Ptychoramphus aleuticum (Pallas) : Cassin's AukletUria Aleutica Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, vol. 2, 1811, p. 370.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene (Palos Verdes sand) :San Pedro, Los Angeles County, California.
Genus CERORHINCA BonaparteCerorhinca Bonaparte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 2, 1828, p. 427.Type, by monotypy, Cerorhinca occidentalis Bonaparte = ^/co monocerataPallas.Cerorhinca dubia MillerCerorhinca dubia L. H. Miller, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 349, August1925, p. IIS, pi. 2.Middle Miocene (Temblor, Turritella ocoyana zone) : Lompoc,California.
Family MANCALLIDAE: Lucas Auk and AllyGenus MANCALLA LucasMancalla Lucas, Science, n.s., vol. 13, Mar. 15, 1901, p. 428. Type, by originaldesignation, Mancalla californiensis Lucas.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 51
Mancalla californiensis LucasMancalla californiensis Lucas, Science, n.s., vol. 13, Mar. 15, 1901, p. 428.^Pliocene: Third Street Tunnel, Los Angeles (type locality), andNewport Bay, Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : San Diego,San Diego County, and Corona del Mar, Orange County, California.Mancalla diegense (Miller)Pliolunda diccjcnse L. H. Miller, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 8,Dec. IS, 1937, p. 2,7^, 2 figs.Middle Pliocene (San Diego formation) : Market Street, nearEuclid Avenue (type locality), and Mission Hills district, San Diego,California.
Order COLUMBIFORMES : Sand-grouse, Pigeons, and Do\'esSuborder COLUMBAE: Pigeons and DovesFamily COLUMBIDAE : Pigeons and DovesSubfamily COLUMBINAE : Pigeons and DovesGenus COLUMBA LinnaeusColumha Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 162. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Columba ocnas Linnaeus (Vigors, 1825).Columba fasciata Say : Band-tailed PigeonColumha fasciata Say, in Long, Exped. Rocky Mountains, vol. 2, 1823, p. 10.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Stone Man Cave,Shasta County, Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California. Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon.Columba micula (Wetmore)Chlorocnas miciila Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 64, art. 5, Jan. 15,1924, p. 13, figs. 8-9.Early Pleistocene: Curtis Ranch, 12 miles southeast of Benson,Arizona. Genus ZENAIDURA BonaparteZenaidura Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 40, January 1855,p. 96. Type, by original designation, Columha carolincnsis Linnaeus.
8 See also Lucas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 24, Sept. 27, 1901, pp. 133-134,figs. I, 2.
82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Zenaidura macroura (Linnaeus) : Mourning DoveColmnba macroura Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 164.Modern form reported from Upper Pliocene (Rexroad fauna) :Meade County, Kansas. Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aramberri,Nuevo Leon ; Seminole Field, Pinellas County, Florida. Late Pleisto-cene : Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, McKittrick, Kern County,and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California; Meade County, Kansas(Vanhem formation, Jones fauna).Genus ECTOPISTES SwainsonEctopistes Swainson, Zool. Journ., vol. 3, No. 11, September-December 1827,p. 362. Tj^pe, by subsequent designation, Columba migratoria Linnaeus(Swainson, 1837).Ectopistes migratorius (Linnaeus) : Passenger PigeonColumba migratoria Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 285.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Cave deposits of Tennes-see. Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Genus GEOTRYGON GosseGeotrygon Gosse, Birds Jamaica, 1847, p. 316. Type, by subsequent designa-tion, Columba cristata Latham = Geotrygon sylvatica Gosse = Columbi-gallina versicolor Lafresnaye (Reichenbach, 1852=1853).Geotrygon larva (Wetmore)Orcopclcia larva Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. ^2), Dec. 30, 1920,p. 79, pi. 3, figs. 1-2.Recent (extinct) : ^° Cave deposits in Cueva Clara (type locality)and Cueva Catedral, near Morovis ; Cueva Torano, near Utuado
;
kitchen middens near Mayagiicz, and at Barrio Canas, near Ponce,Puerto Rico.Order PSITTACIFORMES : Lories, Parrots, Parakeets, and MacawsFamily PSITTACIDAE: Lories, Parrots, and MacawsSubfamily PSITTACINAE: Parakeets and MacawsGenus ARA Lac^p^deAra Lacepede, Tableaux Ois., 1799, p. i, Type, by subsequent designation,Psittacus macao Linnaeus (Ridgway, 1916).1° Included here as it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom bones.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 83Ara tricolor Bech STEIN : Cuban MacawAra tricolor Bechstein, in Latham, Allg. Ucbcrs. Vog., vol. 4, Th. i, 181 1,p. 64, pi. I. (Cuba.)Modern form recorded from late Pleistocene : Baiios de CiegoMontero, Santa Clara Province, Cuba.Ara autocthones WetmoreAra autoctJwncs Wetmore, Journ. Agr. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 21, No. i,January 1937, p. 12, pi. i, figs. 8, 9.Recent (extinct) : ^^ Prehistoric kitchen midden deposits at Con-cordia, near Southwest Cape, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.Genus RHYNCHOPSITTA BonaparteRhynchopsitfa Bonaparte, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 6, March 1854,p. 149. Type, by monotypy, Macrocercus pachyrhynchns Swainson.Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Swainson) : Thick-billed ParrotMacrocercus pachyrhynchus Swainson, Philos. Mag., n.s., vol. i, No. 6, June1827, p. 439.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Genus CONUROPSIS SalvadoriConnropsis Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., vol. 20, 1891, pp. 146, 203. Tyi)e,by original designation, Psittacus carolinensis Linnaeus,Conuropsis fratercula WetmoreConnropsis jratercnla Wetmore, Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 211, Mar. 11, 1926,P- 3, figs. 5-6.Middle Miocene (Merychippus primus zone, lower Sheep Creekbeds) : Snake Creek Quarries, Sioux County, Nebraska.Order CUCULIFORMES : Plantain-eaters and CuckoosSuborder CUCULI : Cuckoos, Roadrunners, and AnisFamily CUCULIDAE : Cuckoos, Roadrunners, and AnisSubfamily NEOMORPHINAE: Ground CuckoosGenus GEOCOCCYX WaglerGeococcyx Wagler, Isis von Oken, vol. 24, Heft 5, May 1831, col. 524. Type,by monotypy, Geococcyx varicyala Wagler = Saurothcra californianaLesson.
'^ Included here since it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom bones.
84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, I3IGeococcyx californianus (Lesson) : RoadrunnerSaurothera californiana Lesson, Compl. Oeuvres Buffon, vol. 6, 1829, p. 420.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, McKittrick, Kern County, and Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.Geococcyx conklingi HowardGeococcyx conklingi Howard, Condor, vol. 22, No. 5, Sept. 15, 1931, p. 208,figs. 49-50.Pleistocene: Conkling Cavern (type locality), and Shelter Cave,^-Pyramid Peak, Organ Mountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico;San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.
Order STRIGIFORMES : Owls ^^Family PROTOSTRIGIDAE : ProtostrixGenus PROTOSTRIX WetmoreProtostrix Wetmoue, Ainer. Mus. Nov., No. 680, Dec. 4, 1933, p. 3. Type,by original designation, Aquila lydekkeri Shufeldt.Protostrix lydekkeri (Shufeldt)Aquila lydekkeri Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art. 16,Aug. 4, 1913, P- 298.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Lower Cottonwood Creek, Wyoming.Protostrix saurodosis (Wetmore)Minerva saurodosis Wetmore, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 73, 1921(Apr. 6, 1922), p. 455, figs. 1-2.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Near Lodgepole Trail Crossing onDry Creek, about lo miles from Fort Bridger, Wyoming.Protostrix leptosteus ( Marsh )i*Bubo leptosteus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, August 1871, p. 126.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Grizzly Buttes, near Fort Bridger,Wyoming.
1- Possibly of Recent period.13 Aquila antiqua Shufeldt, type of the genus Mineri'a Shufeldt, formerly con-sidered an owl, proves to be a mammal. See Wetmore, Amer. Mus. Nov., No.680, Dec. 4, 1933. PP- I. 2." See Wetmore, Condor, 1937, pp. 84-85.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 85
Protostrix mimica WetmoreProtostrix mimica Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 85, Jan. 17, 1938,p. 27, figs. 4-5Lower Eocene (Wasatch) : South side of Ten Mile Creek, 12 milesnorthwest of Worland, Wyoming.
Family TYTONIDAE: Barn OwlsSubfamily TYTONINAE: Barn OwlsGenus TYTO BillbergTyto BuiBERG, Syn. Faunae Scand., vol. i, pt. 2, 1828, tab. A. Type, bymonotypy, Strix flammea auct. = Strix alba Scopoli.Tyto alba (Scopoli): Barn OwlStrix alba Scopoli, Annus i, Historico-Naturalis, 1769, p. 21.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Cavern deposits nearLecanto, Florida ; ^^ San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. LatePleistocene : Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County and Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.Tyto cavatica WetmoreTyto cavatica Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, Dec. 30, 1920,p. 80, pi. 3, figs. 3-6,Recent (extinct) : " Cave deposits in Cueva Toraiio, near Utuado,Puerto Rico.Tyto ostologa WetmoreTyto ostologa Wetmore, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 74, No. 4, Oct. 17, 1922,p. 2.Recent (extinct) : ^^ Cave deposits in Grotte San Francisco nearSt. Michel (type locality), and caves near L'Atalye, Haiti.Tyto pollens WetmoreTyto pollens Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zocil., vol. 80, No. 12, October 1937,p. 436, figs. 10-16.Recent (extinct) : " Cave deposits on Great Exuma Island, Ba-hama Islands.
IS The record from Vero (stratum 3) is now considered to be of Recent age.See Cooke, Florida Geol. Surv., Geol. Bull. 29, 1945, pp. 306-307.1^ Included here as it has not been found in living form, being known only frombones.
86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IFamily STRIGIDAE : Typical OwlsGenus OTUS PennantOtus Pennant, Indian Zool., 1769, p. 3. Type, by monotypy, Otus bakkamoetiaPennant.Otus asio (Linnaeus) : Screech OwlStrix asio Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 92.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Cavern deposits nearLecanto, Florida; cave deposits of Tennessee; San Josecito Cave,Aramberri, Nuevo Leon. Late Pleistocene : Potter Creek Cave, ShastaCounty, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, and Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.Otus flammeolus (Kaup) : Flammulated OwlScops (Megascops) Hammeola Kaup, in Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1852 (1853),p. III.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Late Pleistocene : Samwel Cave,^^ Shasta County,California.Otus trichopsis (Wagler) : Whiskered OwlScops trichopsis Wagler, Isis von Oken, Heft 3, March 1832, col. 276.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Genus BUBO DumgrilBubo DuMERiL, Zool. Analytique, 1806, p. 34. Type, by tautonymy, Strixbubo Linnaeus.Bubo virginianus (Gmelin) : Horned OwlStrix virginiaiia Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 287.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Samwel Cave, Shasta County, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County,McKittrick, Kern County, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, Cali-fornia. Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.Bubo Sinclair! MillerBubo sinclairi L. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 6,No. 16, Oct. 28, 191 1, p. 393, figs. 4-5.Late Pleistocene: Samwel and Potter Creek (type locality) caves,Shasta County, California.
i'^ Recorded originally as Micropallas whitneyi. See Miller, L. H., Trans. SanDiego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, No. 19, Mar. 31, 1933, pp. 209-210.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 87Genus GLAUCIDIUM BoieGlaucidium Boie, Isis von Oken, Bd. 2, 1826, col. 970. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Strix passerina Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Glaucidium gnoma Wagler : Pygmy OwlGlaucidium Gnoma Wagler, Isis von Oken, vol. 25, Heft 3, March 1832, p. 275.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Samwel Cave, ShastaCounty, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, and Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.Genus SPEOTYTO GlogerSpeotyto Gloger, Hand- und Hilfsbuch Naturg., 1842 (1841), p. 226. Type,by monotypy, Strix cuntcularia Molina.Speotyto cunicularia (Molina) : Burrowing OwlStrix Cnnicidaria Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chili, 1782, p. 263.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Genus CICCABA WaglerCiccaba Wagler, Isis von Oken, Heft 11, 1832, col. 1222. Type, by monotypy,Ciccaba huhtda =: Strix huhula Daudin.Ciccaba virgata (Cassin) : Mottled OwlSyrnium virgatum Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 4, 1848(1850), p. 124.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Genus STRIX LinnaeusStrix Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 92. Type, by tautonymy,Strix stridtda Linnaeus = Strix aluco Linnaeus.Strix varia Barton : Barred OwlStrix varius Barton, Fragm. Nat. Hist. Pennsylvania, 1799, p. 11.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Melbourne, and cavern deposits near Lecanto, Florida.Strix occidentalis (Xantus) : Spotted OwlSyrnium occidentale Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1859 (Jan.ID, i860), p. 193.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon.
88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Strix brea HowardStrix brea Howard, Condor, vol. 35, No. 2, Mar. 15, 1933, p. 66, fig. 15.Late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Strix dakota MiliarStrix dakota A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol. Sci.,vol. 27, No. 4, June 22, 1944, p. 95, fig. 8.Lower Miocene (Rosebud formation) : Flint Hill, 9 miles west-southwest of Martin, Bennett County, South Dakota.
Genus ASIO BrissonAsio Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 28. Type, by tautonymy, Asio Brisson =Strix otus Linnaeus.Asio otus (Linnaeus) : " Long-eared OwlStrix Otus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 92.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Samwel Cave, ShastaCounty, McKittrick, Kern County, and Carpinteria, Santa BarbaraCounty, California.^^ Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aramberri,Nuevo Leon.Asio flammeus (Pontoppidan) : Short-eared OwlStrix flammea Pontoppidan, Danske Atlas, vol. i, 1763, p. 617, pi. 25.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.
Genus AEGOLIUS KaupAegolius Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 34. Type, bymonotypy, Strix tengmabni Gmelin = 6'/rt;r ju>tereus Linnaeus, 1758.Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus) : Boreal OwlStrix junerea Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 93.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : -° Shelter cave. PyramidPeak, Organ Mountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico.
'^^ Asio wilsonianus (Lesson) of the preceding list.1" According to a communication from L. H. Miller records formerly citedfrom Rancho La Brea are erroneous.20 Possibly of Recent age.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 89
Aegolius acadicus (Gmelin) : Saw-whet OwlStrix acadica Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 296.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California. Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aramberri,Nuevo Leon.
Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES : Oilbirds, Goatsuckers, and AlliesSuborder CAPRIMULGI : Goatsuckers, Potoos, and FrogmouthsFamily CAPRIMULGIDAE: GoatsuckersSubfamily CAPRIMULGINAE: GoatsuckersGenus PHALAENOPTILUS RidgwayPhalaenoptilus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, 1880, p. 5. Type, byoriginal designation, Caprimiilgus nuttallii AudubonPhalaenoptilus nuttallii (Audubon) : Poor- willCaprimulgiis Nuttalli Audubon, Birds Amer., octavo ed., vol. 7, 1844, p. 350,Pl- 495-Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon.
Order PICIFORMES: Jacamars, Barbets, Toucans, and WoodpeckersSuborder PICI : Woodpeckers and WrynecksFamily PICIDAE: Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, and PiculetsSubfamily PICINAE : WoodpeckersGenus COLAPTES VigorsColaptes Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 14, pt. 3, 1826, p. 457. Type,by original designation, Cuciilus aiiratus Linnaeus.Colaptes cafer (Gmelin) : Red-shafted FlickerPictts cafer Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 431.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Samwel and Potter Creek caves, Shasta County, Hawver Cave, El-dorado County, McKittrick, Kern County, Carpinteria, Santa BarbaraCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
90 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IColaptes chrysoides (Malherbe) : Gilded FlickerGcopicus (Colaptes) chrysoides Malherbe, Rev. et Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 4,December 1852, p. 553.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon. Genus DRYOCOPUS BoieDryocoptts Boie, Isis von Oken, Bd. 2, 1826, col. 977. Type, by monotypy,Pious martins Linnaeus.Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus) : Pileated WoodpeckerPicns pileatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 113.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Cave deposits of Tennes-see. Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Genus ASYNDESMUS CouesAsyndesmns Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 17, No. i, Janu-ary-March (June 11), 1866, p. 55. Type, by original designation, Picustorquatus Wilson =: Picus lewis Gray.Asyndesmus lewis (Gray) : Lewis' WoodpeckerPicus Lewis Gray, Gen. Birds, vol. 3, 1849, app., p. 22.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, and Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, California.Order PASSERIFORMES : Perching BirdsSuborder PASSERES: Song BirdsFamily ALAUDIDAE: LarksGenus EREMOPHILA BrehmEremophila Brehm, Isis, vol. 21, pts. 3-4, 1828, p. 322. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Alauda alpestris Linnaeus (Sharpe, 1890).Eremophila alpestris (Linnaeus) : Homed LarkAlauda alpestris Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 166.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick andRancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Family PALAEOSPIZIDAE: PalaeospizaGenus PALAEOSPIZA AllenPalaeospiza Allen, Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, No. 2, May 3, 1878,p. 443. Type, by monotypy, Palaeospiza hella Allen.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 9I
Palaeospiza bella AllenPalaeospica bella Allen, Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., vol. 4, No. 2, May 3,1878, p. 443, pi. I, figs. 1-2.OUgocene (Florissant lake beds) : ^^ Florissant, Colorado.Family HIRUNDINIDAE: SwallowsGenus PETROCHELIDON CabanisPctrochelidon Cabanis, Mus. Hein., vol. i, October (after Oct. 23), 1851,p. 47. Type, by subsequent designation, Hirundo melanogaster Swainson(Gray, 1855).Pctrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot) : Cliflf SwallowHirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., vol. 14, Sep-tember 1817, p. 519.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, Cali-fornia. Family CORVIDAE: Jays, Magpies, and CrowsSubfamily GARRULINAE : Jays and MagpiesGenus CYANOCITTA StricklandCyanocitta Strickland, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. i, vol. 15, No. 98, April1845, p. 261. Type, by original designation, Corvtis cristatus Linnaeus.Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmelin) : Steller's JayCorvus stelleri Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 370.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Samwel Cave, ShastaCounty, Hawver Cave, Eldorado County, Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, and Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, California.Genus APHELOCOMA CabanisAphclocoma Cabanis, Mus. Hein., vol. i, sign. 28, Oct. 15, 1851, p. 221. Tyi>e,by subsequent designation, Garrulus californicus Vigors (Baird, 1858).Subgenus APHELOCOMA CabanisAphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc) : Scrub Jay 22Corvus coerulescens Bosc, Bull. Soc. Sci. Philom. Paris, vol. i, pt. i, 1795,p. 87.21 Recent studies indicate that the age may be Oligocene.22 Recorded as Aphelocoma californica (Vigors), California Jay, in the pre-ceding check-list.
92 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IModern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, Carpinteria, Santa Barbara County, and Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.
Genus PICA BrissonPica Brisson, Orn., 1760, vol. i, p. 30; vol. 2, p. 35. Type, by tautonymy,Pica Brisson^ Corvus pica Linnaeus.Pica nuttallii (Audubon) : Yellow-billed MagpieCorvus nuttallii Audubon, Birds Amer. (folio), vol. 4, 1836, pi. 362, fig. i.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Subfamily CORVINAE : Crows and RavensGenus CORVUS LinnaeusCorviis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 105. Type, by tautonymy,Corvus = Corvus corax Linnaeus.Corvus corax Linnaeus: Common RavennaCorvus Corax Linnaf.us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 105.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
Hawver Cave, Eldorado County, Carpinteria, McKittrick, RanchoLa Brea, Los Angeles, and Playa del Rey (Palos Verdes sand), LosAngeles County, California. Pleistocene: San Josecito Cave, Aram-berri, Nuevo Leon.Corvus cryptoleucus Couch : White-necked RavenCorvus cryptoleucus Couch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 7, No. 2,May 20, 1854, p. 66.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : McKittrick andRancho La lirea, Los Angeles, California.Corvus brachyrhynchos Breiim: CrowCorvus brachyrhynchos C. L. Brehm, Bcitr. Vogelkundc, vol. 2, 1822, p. 56.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Late Pleistocene : Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County,and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California."*23 Corinis shufcldti Sharing is a synonym of C. corax. See Howard, CarnegieInst. Washington Publ. 551, Jan. 25, 1946, p. 189.2* Record formerly given from Carpinteria refers to C. caurinus.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 93Corvus caurinus Baird: Northwestern CrowCorims caurinus Baird, Rep. Expl. and Surv. R. R. Pac, vol. 9, 1858, pp. 559,569.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Corvus ossifragus Wilson : Fish CrowCorvus ossifragus Wilson, Amer. Orn., vol. 5, 1812, p. 27, pi. 27, fig- 2.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida.Corvus pumilis WetmoreCorvus pumilis Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. 33, Dec. 30,1920, p. 81, pi. 2, figs. 3, 4.Recent (extinct) : ^^ Cave deposits in Cueva San Miguel (type lo-cality), near Morovis, Puerto Rico; Kitchen midden at Concordia,near Southwest Cape, St. Croix, Virgin Islands.
Genus GYMNORHINUS WiedGyvmorhinus Wied, Reise Nord-Amer., vol. 2, 1841, p. 21. Type, by monotypy,Gymnorhimis cyanocephalus Wied.Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wied: Pifion JayGymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wied, Reise Nord-Amer., vol. 2, 1841, p. 22.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Conkling Cavern, Pyra-mid Peak, Organ Mountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico.
Family SITTIDAE: NuthatchesSubfamily SITTINAE: Typical NuthatchesGenus SITTA LinnaeusSitta Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 115. Type, by monotypy,Sitla europaea Linnaeus.Sitta canadensis Linnaeus : Red-breasted NuthatchSitta canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, pp. 176, 177.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.
'5 Included here as it has not been found in living form, being known onlyfrom bones. Probably this small crow existed until modern times near Lares,Puerto Rico.
94 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ISitta pygmaea Vigors : Pygmy NuthatchSitta pygmaea Vigors, in Zool. Beechey's Voy., 1839, p. 25, pi. 4, fig. 2.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.Family CHAMAEIDAE: V^ren-titsGenus CHAMAEA GambelChamaea Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 3, No. 7, January-February (May 7), 1847, p. 154. Type, by original designation, Panisjasciatus Gambel.Chamaea fasciata (Gambel) : Wren-titParii^s jasciatus Gambkl, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 2, No. 10,July-August (Dec. 5), 1845, p. 265.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.Family MIMIDAE: Thrashers and MockingbirdsGenus TOXOSTOMA WaglerToxostoma Wagler, Isis von Oken, vol. 24, Heft 5 (May) 1831, col. 528.Type, by monotypy, Toxostoma vcltila Wagler = Orpheus curvirostrisSwainson.Toxostoma bendirei (Coues) : Bendire's ThrasherHarporhynchus betidirei Coues, Amer. Nat., vol. 7, No. 6, June 1873, P- 330.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, California.Toxostoma redivivum (Gambel) : California ThrasherHarpcs rcdiviva Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 2, No. 10,July-August (Dec, 5), 1845, p. 264.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Rancho La Brea,Los Angeles, California.Genus OREOSCOPTES BairdOreoscoptcs Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R.Pac, vol. 9, 1858, pp. XIX, XXXV. Type, by monotypy, Orpheus montanusTownsend.Oreoscoptes montanus (Townsend) : Sage ThrasherOrpheus montanus Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 7,pt. 2, Nov. 21, 1837, p. 192.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 95Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Family TURDIDAE: ThrushesGenus TURDUS LinnaeusTurdus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. lo, vol. i, 1758, p. 168. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Turdus viscivorns Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Turdus migratorius Linnaeus: RobinTurdus migratorius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 292.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.
Genus SIALIA SwainsonSialia Svi'AINSON, Philos. Mag., n. s., vol. i, No. 5, May 1827, p. 369. Type, bymonotypy, Sialia asurea Swainson = Motacilla sialis Linnaeus.Sialia mexicana Swainson : Western BluebirdSialia mexicana Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., vol. 2, 1831 (February, 1832),p. 202.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.
Family BOMBYCILLIDAE : WaxwingsGenus BOMBYCILLA VieillotBombycilla Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., vol. i, 1807 (1808), p. 88.Type, by monotypy, Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot.Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot: Cedar WaxwingBombycilla cedrorum Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., vol. i, 1807(i8o8),p. 88, pi. 57.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Family LANIIDAE: ShrikesSubfamily LANIINAE: ShrikesGenus LANIUS LinnaeusLanius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 93. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824).
96 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3ILanius ludovicianus Linnaeus: Loggerhead ShrikeLanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 134.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Family ICTERIDAE : Meadowlarks, Blackbirds, and TroupialsGenus STURNELLA VieillotSturnella Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 34. Type, by monotypy, Stourne, ouMerle a fer-a-cheval Buffon = Alauda magna Linnaeus.Sturnella neglecta Audubon : Western MeadowlarkSturnella neglecta Audubon, Birds Amer., octavo ed., vol. 7, 1844, p. 339,pi. 489.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, McKit-trick, Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, and San Pedro (Palos Verdesformation), Los Angeles County, California.Genus AGELAITJS VieillotAgelaius Vieillot, Analyse, 181 6, p. Z2i- Type, by subsequent designation,Troupiale commandeur Buffon = Ono/M.s phoeniceus Linnaeus (Gray,1840).Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus) : Red-winged BlackbirdOriolus phoeniceus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, vol. i, 1766, p. 161.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Genus EUPHAGUS CassinEuphagus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 18, No. 5, No-vember-December, 1866 (July 20, 1867), p. 413. Type, by monotypy,Psarocolius cyanocephalus Wagler.Euphagus cyanocephalus (Wagler): Brewer's Blackbird 20Psarocolius cyanocephalus Wagler, Isis von Oken, vol. 22, Heft 7 (July),1829, col. 758.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Fossil Lake, Oregon
;
McPherson County, Kansas (Kentuck locality).28 The record by L. H. Miller from the Pleistocene of Hawver Cave, EldoradoCounty, California (Univ. California Publ. Geol., vol. 6, Oct. 28, 1911, pp. 399,400), was subsequently questioned by the same author (Condor, 1921, p. 130).In recent correspondence A. H. Miller writes that he has examined the materialreported on from this cave and docs not find this species represented. It is there-fore omitted from the list. Euphagus affiis Shufeldt is a synonym of E. cyano-cephalus.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 97Euphagus magnirostris MillerEuphagus magnirostris A. H. Miller, Univ. California Publ., Bull. Dept.Geol. Sci., vol. 19, No. i, Dec. 21, 1929, p. 14, pi. i, figs. /, h.Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.Genus CASSIDIX LessonCassidix Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 6, Feb. i, 1831, p. 433. Type, by sub-sequent designation, Cassidix mexicanus Lesson = Corvus mexicantisGmelin (Gray, 1840).Cassidix mexicanus (Gmelin) : Boat-tailed GrackleCorvus mexicanus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. i, 1788, p. 375.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Genus QUISCALUS VieillotQuiscaliis Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, p. 36. Type, by subsequent designation,Gracula quiscula Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Quiscalus quiscula (Linnaeus) : GrackleGraada Quiscula Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 109.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Seminole Field, PinellasCounty, Florida. Genus PYELORHAMPHUS MillerPyelorhamphus A. H. Miller, Auk, vol. 49, No. i, January 1932, p. 39. Type,by original designation, Pyelorhamphus molothroides Miller.Pyelorhamphus molothroides MillerPyelorhamphus molothroides A. H. Miller, Auk, vol. 49, No. l, January1932, p. 39, Pl- 4-Quaternary ( ? Pleistocene) : " Shelter Cave, Pyramid Peak, OrganMountains, Dona Ana County, New Mexico.Genus PANDANARIS MillerPandanaris A. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 49, No. i, Feb. 6, 1947, p. 22. Type,by original designation, Pandanaris convexa A. H. Miller.Pandanaris convexa MillerPandanaris convexa A. H. Miller, Condor, vol. 49, No. i, Feb. 6, 1947, p. 22,fig. 4 a-d.Late Pleistocene: Pit "A," Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, Cali-fornia.
27 The deposits in which this extinct species was found are possibly of Recentage.
98 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IFamily FRINGILLIDAE : Grosbeaks, Finches, Sparrows, andBuntingsSubfamily RICHMONDENINAE: Cardinals and AlliesGenus PHEUCTICUS ReichenbachPheucticus Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat., June i, 1850, pi. 78. Type, by sub-sequent designation, Pitylus aureovcniris Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny (Gray,1855).Pheucticus melanocephalus (Swainson) : Black-headed GrosbeakGuiraca melanocephala Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., vol. i, No. 6, June1827, p. 438.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.
Subfamily CARDUELINAE : Purple Finches, Goldfinches, andAlliesGenus HESPERIPHONA BonaparteHesperiphona Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Avium, vol. i, sign. 64, 1850 (Feb. 3,1851), p. 505. Type, by original designation, Fringilla vespertina W.Cooper.Hesperiphona vespertina (Cooper) : Evening GrosbeakFringilla vespertina W. Cooper, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. i, pt. 2,1825, p. 220.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.
Genus CARPODACUS KaupCarpodacus Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, p. 161. Type, bysubsequent designation, Loxia rosea Pallas (Gray, 1842).
Subgenus BURRICA RidgwayBurrica Ridgway, Man. North Amer. Birds, 1887, p. 390. Type, by originaldesignation, Fringilla tnexicana Miiller.Carpodacus mexicanus (Muller) : House FinchFringilla wcxicaua P. L. S. Muller, Natursyst., Suppl., 1776, p. 165.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, California.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE 99Genus SPINTJS KochSpinus Koch, Syst. Baier. Zool., vol. i, 1816, p. 233. Type, by tautonymy,Fringilla spinus Linnaeus.Spinus pinus (Wilson) : Pine SiskinFringilla pinus Wilson, Amer. Orn., vol. 2, 1810, p. 133, pi. 17, fig. i.Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Carpinteria and RanchoLa Brea, Los Angeles, California.Spinus tristis (Linnaeus) : American GoldfinchFringilla tristis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 181.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California. Genus LOXIA LinnaeusLoxia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 171. Type, by subsequentdesignation, Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus (Gray, 1840).Lozia curvirostra Linnaeus : Red CrossbillLoxia Curvirostra Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. i, 1758, p. 171.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Carpinteria, SantaBarbara County, California.
Subfamily EMBERIZINAE : Sparrows and BuntingsGenus PALAEOSTRUTHUS WetmorePalaeostruthus Wetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 67, May 1925, p. 192.Type, by original designation, Palacospisa hatcheri Shufeldt.Palaeostruthus hatcheri (Shufeldt)Palaeospiza hatcheri Shufeldt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 32, art. 16,Aug. 4, 1913, p. 301, pi. 55, fig- 28.Middle Pliocene : Near Long Island, Kansas.
Genus PIPILO VieillotPipilo Vieillot, Analyse, 181 6, p. 32. Type, by monotypy, Pinson aux yeuxrouges Buffon= Fringilla erythrophthalma Linnaeus.Pipilo maculatus Swainson : Spotted TowheePipilo tnaculata Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., vol. i, 1827, p. 434.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, and Carpinteria, California.
lOO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3I
Pipilo fuscu3 SwAiNSON : Brown TowheePipilo fiisca SwAiNSON, Philos. Mag., n. s., vol. i, 1827, p. 434.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, and Carpinteria, California.Pipilo angelensis DawsonPipilo angelettsis Dawson, Condor, vol. 50, No. 2, Mar. 16, 1948, p. 39, fig. 16.Late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Genus CALAMOSPIZA BonaparteCalamospisa Bonaparte, Geogr. and Comp. List, 1838, p. 30. Type, by mono-typy, Fringilla bicolor J. K. Townsend = Calamospiza melanocorysStejneger.Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger: Lark BuntingCalamospiza melanocorys Stejneger, Auk, vol. 2, No. i, January 1885, p. 49.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: Meade County,Kansas (Jones fauna, Vanhem formation).Genus AMMODRAMUS SwainsonAmmodramus Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., vol. i. No. 6, June 1827, p. 435.Type, by monotypy, Ammodramus bimacxdatus Swainson.Ammodramus savannarum (Gmexin) : Grasshopper SparrowFringilla savannarum Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 921. (Jamaica).Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Near Haile, 4 miles north-east of Newberry, Alachua County, Florida.Genus POOECETES BairdPooecetcs Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pac,vol. 9, 1858, pp. XX, XXXIX. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla gramincaGmelin.Pooecetes gramineus (Gmelin) : Vesper SparrowFringilla graminea Gmelin, Syst. Nat., vol. i, pt. 2, 1789, p. 922.Modern form reported from Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California. Genus CHONDESTES SwainsonChondcstes Swainson, Philos. Mag., n. s., vol. i, No. 6, June 1827, p. 435.Type, by monotypy, Chondcstes strigatus Swainson.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE lOIChondestes grammacus (Say) : Lark SparrowFringilla grammaca Say, in Long, Exped. Rocky Mts., vol. i, 1823, p. 139.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California, Genus AMPHISPIZA CouesAmphispiza Coues, Birds Northwest, 1874, p. 234. Type, by original designa-tion, Emberisa bilineata Cassin.Amphispiza bilineata (Cassin) : Black-throated SparrowEmberiza bilineata Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, No. 5,September-October (Dec. 7), 1850, p. 104, pi. 3.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.Amphispiza belli (Cassin) : Bell's SparrowEmberiza Belli Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 5, No. 5,September-October (Dec. 7), 1850, p. 104, pi. 4.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene: McKittrick, KernCounty, and Rancho La Brea, Los Angeles, California.
Genus SPIZELLA BonaparteSpizella Bonaparte, Giornale Arcadico, vol. 52, October-December 1831(1832), p. 205. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla pusilla Wilson.Spizella passerina (Bechstein) : Chipping SparrowFringilla passerina Bechstein, in Latham, Allgem. Uebers. Vogel, vol. 3,pt. 2, 1798, p. 544, pi. 120, fig. I.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.Genus ZONOTRICHIA SwainsonZonotrichia Swainson, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer.,vol. 2, 183 1 (February 1832), p. 493. Type, by subsequent designation,Fringilla pensylvanica Latham^ Fringilla albicollis Gmelin (Bonaparte,1831).Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster) : White-crowned SparrowEmberiza leucophrys J. R. Forster, Philos. Trans., vol. 62, art. 29, 1772,p. 426.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California.
102 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus PASSERELLA SwainsonPasserella Swainson, Nat. Hist, and Class. Birds, vol. 2, July i, 1837, p. 288.Type, by monotypy, Fringilla iliaca Merrem.Passerella iliaca (Merrem) : Fox SparrowFringilla iliaca Merrem, Avium Rar. Icones et Descrip., vol. 2, 1786, p. ^7,pi. ID.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, and Carpinteria, California,
Genus MELOSPIZA BairdMelospisa Baird, in Baird, Cassin, and Lawrence, Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R.Pac, vol. 9, 1858, pp. XX, XL, 440, 476. Type, by original designation,Fringilla melodia Wilson.
Subgenus MELOSPIZA BairdMelospiza melodia (Wilson) : Song SparrowFringilla melodia Wilson, Amer. Orn., vol. 2, 1810, p. 125, pi. 16, fig. 4.Modern form reported from late Pleistocene : Rancho La Brea, LosAngeles, California. INCERTAE SEDISGenus CIMOLOPTERYX Marsh =8Cimolopteryx Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 38, 1889, p. 83, foot-note. Type, by monotypy, Cimolopteryx rarus Marsh.Cimolopteryx rarus MarshCimolopteryx rarus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 38, July 1889,p. 83, footnote.Upper Cretaceous (Lance formation) : Niobrara County, Wyoming.Cimolopteryx retusus MarshCimolopteryx retusus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 44, August 1892,p. 175-Upper Cretaceous (Lance formation) : Niobrara County, Wyoming.28 Lambrecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933, pp. 586-587, lists this genus at the endof the Ichthyornithiformes. He suggests that the two species belong in separategenera, possibly in diflferent families. See also Shufeldt, Trans. ConnecticutAcad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February 1915, pp. 11, 12, and 76.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE IO3Genus EOPTERYX MeyerEopteryx Meyer, Ber. Senckenberg. Nat. Ges. Frankfurt am Main, 1887,p. 14. Type, by monotypy, Eopteryx mississippiejisis Meyer.Eopteryx mississippiensis Meyer -^Eopteryx mississippiensis Meyer, Ber. Senckenberg. Nat. Ges. Frankfurt amMain, 1887, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 22a-22c.Eocene : Jackson, Mississippi.(Genus uncertain)Falco falconellus Shufeldt soFalco falconella Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, Feb-ruary 1915, P- 40, pl. 15, figs. 139-143-Eocene (Bridger formation) : Dry Creek?, Wyoming.Genus FONTINALIS LesquereuxFontinalis Lesquereux, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 8, 1883, p. 135.Type, by monotypy, Fontinalis pristin Lesquereux.Fontinalis pristina Lesquereux ^iFontinalis pristina Lesquereux, Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 8, 1883,p. 135, pl. 21, fig. 9.Oligocene (Florissant lake beds) : Florissant, Colorado.Genus HEBE ShufeldtHebe Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., vol. 21, October-November (Nov. i), 1913,p. 644. Type, by monotypy, Hebe schucherti Shufeldt.Hebe schucherti Shufeldt ^2Hebe schucherti Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., vol. 21, October-November (Nov. i),1913, p. 644, fig. 10, a, b.Eocene : ^^ 5 miles west of Green River, Wyoming.28 Described from a fragmentary vertebra.3° Not a falcon ; relationships doubtful. See Wetmore, A., Proc. U. S. Nat.Mus., vol. 84, Nov. 3, 1936, pp. 77-78.
^1 Type a fragment of a fossil feather, described originally as a species ofmoss. See Knowlton, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, Nov. 24, 1916, p. 245, andWetmore, Bull. Mus. Comp. Z06I., vol. 67, May 1925, p. 184. Possibly of Oligo-cene age.32 Said to be a passeriform bird with four notches in the posterior border ofthe sternum; of uncertain affinity. Hebe Shufeldt, 1913, is preoccupied by HebeRisso, 1826 (applied to a genus of crustaceans), so that should the form hereunder consideration be definitely identified it may require a new generic appella-tion. There is no necessity for action at this time in view of its uncertain rela-tionships.33 From data furnished by Dr. M. R. Thorpe, of the Peabody Museum, YaleUniversity.
104 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I3IGenus IGNOTORNIS MehlIgnotornis Mehl, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 21, May 1931, p. 443. Type,by monotypy, Ignotornis mccomielli Mehl.Ignotornis mcconnelli Mehl ^4Ignotornis mcconnelli Mehl, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 21, May 1931,p. 444, fig. I.Cretaceous (Dakota sandstone) : About i^ miles northwest ofGolden, Colorado. Genus LAOPTERYX MarshLaopteryx Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 21, April 1881, p. 341. Type,by monotypy, Laopteryx prisctis Marsh.Laopteryx priscus Marsh 35Laopteryx priscits Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 21, April 1881, p. 341.Upper Jurassic (Morrison formation) : Quarry 9, Como Bluff,southern Wyoming. Genus LAORNIS MarshLaornis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870, p. 206. Type,by monotypy, Laornis edvardsianus Marsh.Laornis edvardsianus Marsh ^sLaornis edvardsianus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 49, March 1870,p. 206.Paleocene (Homerstown marl) : Near Birmingham, New Jersey.Genus PALAEONORNIS EmmonsPalaeonornis Emmons, Amer. Geol., pt. 6, 1857, p. 148. Type, by monotypy,Palaeonornis struthionoides Emmons.Palaeonornis struthionoides Emmons ^~Palaeonornis Struthionoides Emmons, Amer. Geol., pt. 6, 1857, p. 148, fig. 114.? Triassic : Anson County, North Carolina.3' Described from fossil impressions of 4-toed footprints, apparently with websconnecting the three anterior toes.35 J. D. Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, vol. 12, July 1926, pp. 3, 4, consideredthe avian affinity of this supposed species as not definitely certain.38 Doubtfully related to Anseriformes. Lambrecht, Handb. Palaeorn., 1933,pp. 526-527, has placed it uncertainly after the Aramidae.37^ Affinity doubtful : possibly not avian.
NO. 5 CHECK-LIST OF FOSSIL BIRDS—WETMORE IO5Genus UINTORNIS MarshUintoniis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872, p. 259.Type, by monotypy, Uintornis lucaris Marsh.Uintomis lucaris Marsh ^sUintoniis lucaris Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 4, October 1872, p. 259.Eocene (Bridger formation) : Near Henry's Fork, Wyoming.Genus YALAVIS ShufeldtYaJavis Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., vol. 21, October-November (Nov. i), 1913,p. 649. Type, by monotypy, Yalavis tenuipes Shufeldt.Yalavis tenuipes Shufeldt ^9Yalavis tenuipes Shufeldt, Journ. Geol., vol. 21, October-November (Nov. i),1913, p. 649, figs. lie and 12c.Geologic age and locality of occurrence not known.38 According to Shufeldt, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts Sci., vol. 19, February191 5> PP- 50-52, 77, pi. 6, fig. 42, this species is of uncertain affinity, and is not awoodpecker as suggested by Marsh.29 Said in the original description to be a passeriform bird of uncertain affinity.