SMITHSOMAI^ MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. SYNOPSIS NEUROPTERA NORTH AMERICA. WITH A LIST OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES. PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BY HERMANN HAGEN WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. JULY, ISGl. ADVERTISEMENT. The present " Synopsis of North American Neuroptera" has been prepared by Dr. Hermann Hagen of Konigsberg (one of the highest living authorities on this subject), at the special request of the Smithsonian Institution, from materials in considerable part supplied by the collections of the Institution, or furnished for the purpose, by correspondents, at its request. It is hoped that the publication of this work and its distribution throughout the country will call attention to the insects of this order, and result in the collection of fuller materials, to be used hereafter in the preparation of a more perfect report. For the purpose of making the present work serve the purpose of a report on the Neuroptera of the New World, a list of the names of the known South American species has been added. Some of these have not yet been published, but descriptions of them will shortly be presented to the world by Dr. Hagen in some one of the German scientific journals. The manuscript of this work was furnish^ by Dr. Hagen in Latin, and it has been translated into English by Mr. P. R. TJhler of Baltimore. To him, and to Baron R. Osten Sacken, the Insti- tution is under obligations for the careful examination and cor- rection of the proof sheets. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretai-y S. I. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, June, 1861. ACCEPTED FOK PUBLICATION, NOVEMBER, 1860. PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PKIXTEB. PREFACE. The following Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America has been prepared in accordance with the desire of the Smithsonian Institution, and contains all the known species found hitherto in the United States, in the English and Russian colonies, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies, Many species described originally as belonging to the last-named countries, may hereafter be found in the southern parts of the United States. The materials upon which the Synopsis has been based are the following: — 1. Species furnished by the Smithsonian Institution, chiefly Odonata, collected by Capt. J. Pope, U. S. A., on the Pecos River, Western Texas (lat. 32°, long. 104°), by Dr. Berlandier and Lt. Couch, U. S. A., at Matamoras, and by Dr. Engelmann at St. Louis. 2. The very numerous species collected by Baron Osten Sacken in different parts of the United States, particularly at Washington, at Trenton Falls, at Savannah and Dalton in Georgia, at Berkeley Springs in Virginia, in Florida, in Cuba, on the St. Lawrence River, and at Chicago. 3. A considerable number of Odonata, collected by Mr. Abbot in Georgia, and furnished by the late Mr. Escher-Zollickofer of Zurich. 4. A considerable number of Odonata, collected by the late Mr. Guex at Bergen Hill in New Jersey, and communicated by Prof. Schaum of Berlin. 5. A considerable number of Neuroptera from California, Ma- ryland, Illinois, and North Red River (from Mr. Robert Kenni- cott), furnished by Mr. P. R. Uhler of Baltimore. 6. Some species collected in Florida by Mr. Norton, and at New York by Mr. Calverly. VI PREFACE. T. Other species collected in South Carolina by Mr. Zimmer- mann, and furnished by the late Prof. Germar of Halle. 8. A considerable number of Neuroptera collected in Cuba and furnished by Prof. Poey of Havana. 9. A considerable number of Neuroptera collected in Mexico and supplied by Mr. de Saussure of Geneva. 10. My own collection, containing the types of Winthem, de- scribed by Prof. Burmeister, and some species furnished by the late Mr. Say. 11. Many species collected in the Russian colonies and in Cali- fornia, communicated by Mr. Menetries from the Imperial Museum of St. Petersburg, and by Colonel Motschulsky. 12. The Neuroptera of North America of the Museum at Ber- lin, furnished by Dr. Gerstaecker. 13. The Neuroptera of North America of the Museum at Vi- enna, communicated by Mr. Kollar. 14. The Neuroptera of North America of the collection of the Baron Selys Longchamps at Liege, with the types described by Messrs. Rambur, Latreille, Palisot de Beauvois, contained in Ser- ville's collection, and some supplied by Mr. Asa Fitch. 15. Some types, chiefly from Labrador, described by Mr. Bur- meister, and contained in the collection of Mr. Sommer at Altona. 16. The very great number of Neuroptera of the British Museum in London, described by Mr. Fr. Walker, chiefly from Canada and the polar regions, which I examined at London in 1857, with the kind permission of Dr. J. E. Gray. I have endeavored to cite the literature of the subject as com- pletely as possible. Besides the printed works, I have taljen ad- vantage of written communications made by Mr. Haldeman and Mr. XJhler on those species, which had been described by them. The rare memoir of the late Mr. Say, "Godman's Western Quarterly Reporter, Yol. II," could not be procured, except in a manuscript copy kindly communicated by Baron Osten Sacken. An exclamation mark (!) has been added to every species con- tained in my own collection, or described by me from actual exa- mination. Where an (!) has been added 1* the name of the author, I have seen the types which he described. The foregoing statements show that the Synopsis has been prin- cipally composed from species which I myself have examined, and PREFACE. which can be considered as undoubtedly fixed. There are, how- ever, some, especially from the British Museum, which are not entirely certain, the time I could spend at London not being suffi- cient to determine all the species. The number, however, of spe- cies mentioned in the Synopsis not examined by myself is but small. I have added a Catalogue of all the species of South American Neuroptera hitherto described, and of the new species contained iu my collection. All the yet undescribed species have been added to the present Catalogue, as their publication, which has already partly been eifected (Gomphidae), will soon be terminated. There can be no doubt that the species named in the Synopsis and in the Catalogue constitute only a fraction of the Neurop- terous Fauna of America; may its incompleteness be soon shown by a multitude of new discoveries. DR. H. HAGEN. KoEXiGSBEKG, 8th. April, 18 GO. Note.—The measurements given are in millimetres. A millimetre is equal to .039 of the English inch, or ahout .04 (= ^.). Multiplying, then, any number of millimetres by four, and setting off two places of decimals, will at once give us the inches and fractions. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Advertisement Preface Table of Contents Authorities .... North American Neuroptera South American Neuroptera Analytical tables Synopsis of North American Neuroptera PSEUDONEUROPTERA . Fam. I. Termitina Fam. II. Embidina Fam. III. PsociNA Fam. IV. Perlina Fam. V. Ephemekina Fam. VI.* Odonata Tribe I. Agrionina Sub-fam. I. Calopterygina Sub-fam. II. Agrionina . Legion I. Pseudostigmata Legion II. Agrionina Tribe II. Aeschnina Sub-fam. III. Gomphina Sub-fam. IV. Aeschnina Tribe III. Libellulina . Sub-fam. V. Cordulina Sub-fam. VI. Libellulina NEUROPTERA .... Fam. VII. Sialina Fam. VIII. Hemerobina Fam. IX. Panorpina . IX xi xi xvi xix 1 xix, 1 1 7 7 14 38 55 56 56 62 62 65 98 98 117 132 132 141 xix, 187 187 196 240 * Erroneously given as Fam. V. on p. 55. CONTENTS. Fam. X. Phrtganina AUTHORITIES. NOETH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. Bartrain, Jolan.—Observations on the Dragon-Fly, or Libellula of Pennsylvania. Philos. Transact. 1750, XLVI, 323. Observations iipon the metamorphosis of the Odonata in general. Blaiicltard, Eiuile.—Histoire naturelle des Insectes, etc. Paris, 1840, 1841, etc. 3 vols. 150 pi. Contains description of some typical forms from N. America, but no new species. Les planches dans Cuvier regne animal, edit. Masson, 1836—1846, 8vo. Corijdalis corniita and Chauliodes pectinicoriiis are figured in this work. BrO"*viie, Patrice.—The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. London, 1789 (1756), fol. pp. 437. Four species of Odonata are mentioned: "1. Tota viridis ; 2. Fusca tenuis, ad oculos et anum coeruleo-nitens ; 3. Maxima rufula, pectore crassiori ; 4. Tenuior tota coerulea. These insects are very common in Jamaica." Biirmeister, Hermaiiii.—Handbuch der Entomologie. Neurop- tera, II, Part I. Berlin, 1839, 8vo. 60 species from N. America are described in this work ; 36 of them are new. Zoologischer Hand Atlas. Berlin, 1836—1843. Fol., 41 pi. Termes flavipes and its nympha are figured. (I have examined the types of Mr. Burmeister.) CoquelJert, Ant. Joli.—Ulustratio iconographica insectorum quse in museis parisinis observavit J. C. Fabricius. Paris, 1799—1804. Fol., 30 pi. Libellula eponina figured. Curtis, Joltll.—Description of the Insects brought home by Com- mander James Clank. Ross's Second Voyage. App. Nat. Hist. 1831, 4to. — pi. Tinodes hirtipes described. Drury, lOre^v.—Illustrations of Natural History, etc. London, 1770 —1782, 4to. 3 vols. (ed. Westwood, 1837). Several species are figured and described. Duncan, J.—Introduction to Entomology. London, 1840. 8vo., — pi. Libellula axillena figured by Mr. Westwood. XU AUTHORITIES. Ericlison, Fr. W.—Beitraege zn einer Monograpliie von Mantispa. Germar's Zeitschrift f. Entomologie, 1839, 8vo. I, Part I, 147—173, 1 pi. Contains three species. Insekten in Schomburgk's Reise in Guyana, 1848, 8vo. III. Con- tains several species from the West Indies. Fa'bricillS, J. C.—Entomologia Systematica et Supplementa. Haf- ninaculata Haldeman. I do not know if, or where, these species are described. XIV ' AUTHORITIES, ]Ve"Wlliaii, E.—Several species, chiefly Perlina, are described in Ento- mological Magaz., vol. v, and in Annals of Kat. History, vol. xiii, by this author. Ne"Wport, G.—On the Genus Pteronarcys. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. XX, and Annals of Nat. Histor., vol. xiii, contains, moreover, some species of Perlina. Olivier, <>r.—Encyclopedie methodique, vol. vii, 4to. Some species of N. America are described by this author. Palisot BeailVOis.—Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en AmSrique. Paris, 1805—1821, fol. Three species are described by this author. Perty, M.—Delectus animalium articulatorum, etc. Monachite, 1830, 4to. One species of Termes from the West Indies has been described. Pictet, F.—Histoire naturelle, etc. des insectes Neuropteres. Part I, Perlides; Part II, Ephemerines. Geneve, 1841—1845, 8vo., with pi. color. Numerous species are figured and described in this fii-st- rate work. Reiclieil'bacll.— Volks-naturgeschichte. Termes flavipes has been figured in this work. Rainbii!*, P.—Histoire naturelle des Neuropteres. Paris, 1842, 8vo., with plates (forms a part of the Suites a Buffon, published by Ro- ret). Numerous species are perfectly described, mostly new. Say, Tla.— Descriptions of insects belonging to the order Neuroptera Linn. Latr., collected by the expedition authorized by J. C. Cal- houn, etc. under the command of Major S. H. Long, in Godman's Western Quarterly Reporter, 1823, vol. ii. No. 2, article iv, pp. 160, 165. This very rare work contains four species of Phryganina, three Ephemerina, one Myrmeleou, one Bittacus, and four Perlina, well described. Nine Species of Neuroptera (three Ephem., one Ascalaphus, two Hemerob., one Chauliodes, two Phrygan.), in Keating's narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's River, etc., under the command of Major Long. Philadelphia, 1824, 8vo., vol. ii, p. 205. American Entomology, vol. ii, 1825, 8vo. Contains six figures (two Mantispa and four Phryganea), described and figured. Descriptions of new N. American Neurojjterous Insects, and obser- vations on some already described by (the late) Th. Say. Journ. Acad, of Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, 1839, vol. viii. Part I, p. 9—46. Contains the descriptions of forty-nine species (ten Aeschna, twen- ty-one Libellula, three Calopteryx, three Lestes, four Agrion, four Baetis, one Ephemera, two Formicaleo, one Chrysopa), mostly new ^ to science. Unfortunately the work of Prof. Burmeister was pub- lished at the same time and contains some species described by Mr. Say under different names. SaTigiiy, .F. C—Description de I'Egypte. Paris, 1825, fol. Contains the figure of one species of Libellula {L.flavescens), found in N. America. AUTHORITIES. XT ScSaioedte, J. C.—Arthropoden Groenlands, in Rink, geographischer, etc., Besclireibung Groenlands and in Berlin Entom. Zeitschr., 1859, t. Ill, p. 134. Contains four species (one Ephem., one Hem- erob., two Phrygan,). Sclineidei', HV, G.— Symbolse ad Monograpbiam generis Cbrysopse Leacli. Vratislavise, 1851, 8vo., with plat, color. Contains seven species, well described and figured. De Selys Loiigclaamps, E.— Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d'Europe avec la collaboration de H. Hageu. Paris, 1850, 8vo. (Memoir. Soc. R. Science de Liege, vol. vi). Two species. Lib. hudsonica, p. 53, and Agrion Doubledaiji, p. 209, are described in this work. Synopsis des Calopterygines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxelles, 1853, t. xx. Monographie des Calopterygines avec collab. H. Hagen. Paris, 1854, 8vo. (Mem. Soc. R. Science de Liege, vol. ?). Fourteen spe- cies from N. America are described, in tliis work. Synopsis des Gomphines. Bullet. Acad. Brusell. 1854, t. xsi. Monographic des Gomphines, avec collab. H. Hagen. Paris, 1857, Bvo. (Mem. Soc. R. Science de Liege, vol. ?). Thirty-four species from N. America are described in this work. Additions au Synopsis des Calopterygines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell. ser. 2, 1859, T. VII, No. 7. Additions au Synopsis des Gomphines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell., ser. 2, 1859, T. VII, No. 8. Neuropteres de I'isle de Cuba, de la Sagra Hist. Cuba, 1857, fol., T. VII, p. 183—201, or in Poey, Ins. Cuba, 8vo., p. 435—473. Con- tains thirty-nine species from the West Indies, chiefly Odonata ; several of them are new to science. Sloane, H.—A voyage to the islands Madeira, Barbadoes, Nieves, St. Christopher's, and Jamaica, with the natural history, etc. of insects. London, 1707—1725, fol., 2 vols. Ten species of Libellula from Jamaica have been described in this work: 1. Libellula rufa major (an L. abdominaUs?); 2. L. rufa minor (an i. sirnplex?) ; 3. L. maxima coerulea aut viridis (an Aeschna ingens?) ; 4. L. purpurea (Lib. discolor); 5. L. cojrulea minor {Agrion spec). Stephens, J. F.—Illustrations of British Entomology. London, 8vo., 1835. Mandibulata, vol. VI. Some species of European Neurop- tera mentioned in this work have been found in N. America. SwederMS, N, S.—Two species of Panorpa have been described by this author, Vetensk, Acad, uya Handl. Stockholm, 1787, T. VIII. Ulller, F. R.—Contributions to the Neuropterology of the United States. Proceed. Acad, of Nat. Sc. Philad., 1857, March, p. 87. Seven spe- cies of Odonata are described. Walker, F.—Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. London, 8vo., Part I, 1852 (Phryganides, Perlides), p. 1—192; Part II, 1853 (Sialidae—Ne- 5Vi AUTHORITIES. mopterides),p.l93—47G; Part 111,1853 (Termitidffi—Eplaemeridje), p, 477—585 ; Part IV, 1853 (Odonata, Calopterygiuse), p. 586—658. • In this work 234 species from N. America are described ; numerous of them are new, chiefly from Canada and the Arctic regions. Wesniael, C.—Surles Hemerobides de Belgique. Bullet. Acad. Brux- ell., 1841, vol. viii, p. 203. One species of Europe described here has been found in N. America. Westwood, J. O.—Monograph of the genus Panorpa. Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond., vol. iv, with plates. Contains fourteen species from N. America, some of them new. On the genus Mantispa. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new ser., vol. i, with plates. Contains three species from N. America. Introduction to the modern Classification of Insects. London, 1840, 8vo., vol. ii. Contains Termes flavipes, figured. Zetterstedt, J. W.— lusecta Lapponica. Lipsiae, 1840, 4to. Some species from Lapland have been found in the Arctic regions of N. America, SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. (The authorities mentioned above for North American Neuroptera are omitted.) Blancliai'd, E.—Insectes du voyage dans I'Amerique meridionale de M. Alcide d'Orbigny. 4to. pi. Insectes dans C. Gay historia fisica de Chili. Paris, 1851, 4to. I have not seen this work; a few Neuroptera are described and figured.! Fischer von fValdlieilu, C—Notice sur quelques Orthopteres et Neuropt^res du Bresil. Bullet. Acad. Moscow, 1834, T. VII, p. 322, 1 pi. col. Two Mantispa are described and figured. Hageii, H.—Neuroptera von Mossambic in Peters Reise, T. II. Written and printed 1853, but not yet published. Two Termes from Bra- zil are described. Monographie der Gattung Oligoneuria. Stettin, Entomol. Zeit. 1856, T. XVI, p. 262. Description of Mantispa chilensis, in Stettin. Entom. Zeit., 1859, T. XX, p. 408. Kirl)y, W.—Description of the Agrion hrigldweJli in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1825, T. XIV. 1 Twenty-six now fpceies are described, and most of them figured. (Osteu Sackeu.) AUTHORITIES. XV 11 KLollar, V.—Brasiliens vorziiglicli lastige Ini5ecten in Dr. PoWs Eeise in Brasilien. Wien, 1832, 4to. Two species of Termes are de- scribed and figured. Pictet, F. J.—Description de quelques nouvelles especes de Neurop- teres du Musee de Geneve. Mem. Soc. Pliys. Geneve, 1836, T. VII, p. 299. Blttacus blanchetti and Macronema lineatum are described and figured. Perclieron, A.—Genera des Insectes, with pi. Paris, 1831, 8vo. (with M. Guerin). One species of Palingenia has been described. Retzilis, A.—C. De Geer genera et species insectorum ex auctoris scrip- tis extr. Lipsise, 17S3, 8vo. Reiigger, J.—Reise nach Paraguay. Aarau, 1835, 8vo. Some species of Termes have been described in this worli. Selba^ A.—Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio et iconibus expressio. Amsterdam, 1734—1764, fol., 4 vols. Few species of Odonata are figured. Serville, A.—Les Neuropteres, dans le t. X d'Encyclopedie methodique de M. Olivier. (^Mantispa semihyalina.) TllUlilJerg, C P.—Fauna Surinamensis. Upsalia, 1822, 4to. Fauna Cayennensis. Upsaliai, 1823, 4to. Fauna Brasiliensis. Upsalise, 1823, 4to. Fauna Americse meridionalis. Upsalira, 1823, 4to., 3 parts. I have not been able to use this work, which contains the complete list of all the species described, (cf. Stett. Entom. Zeit. XVIII, p. 202.) Welier, F.—Observationes entomologicse. Kiel, 1801, 8vo. {Ephemera atrostoma.) Westvrood, S. O.—Characters of Embia. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1837, T. XVII, with pi. ANALYTICAL TABLE/ SECTIONS. SectiOxV I.—PSEUDONEUROPTERA Ekichs. Mandibulate insects with an incomplete metamorpliosis (active pupa) ; lower lip mostly cleft ; four membranaceous, reticulate wings (rarely with rudimentary wings or apterous) ; antennae either subulate, and then the tarsi three- to five-articulate, or setiform, or filiform, in which case the tarsi are two- to four-articulate. Families.— Termitina, Embidina, Psocina, Perlina, Ephemerina, Odonata. Section II.—NEUROPTERA Erichs. Mandibulate insects with complete metamorphosis (inactive pupa) ; lower lip entire ; four membranaceous, more or less reticulate wings rarely with rudimentary wings or apterous) ; antennfe setiform, filiform, clavate, capitate, or pectinate ; tarsi five-articulate. Families.—Sialina, Hemerobina, Panorpina, Phryyanina, FAMILIES. Four or two distinct wings ; Antennae inconspicuous, subulate, short and slender. Anterior and posterior wings nearly of the same length ; tarsi triarti- culate. Fam. VI. Odonata. Posterior wings either smaller or wanting ; tarsi four- or five-articu- late. Fam. V. Ephemerina. Antennae mostly conspicuous, setiform, filiform, clavate, capitate, or pectinate. Tarsi two- or three-articulate ; Wings equal. Fam. II. Embidina. 1 These tables, prepared by Baron Ostea Sacken at the request of the Institution, are to be considered as merely provisional in their nature, and as not aiming at a natural arrange- ment of the families. XX SYNOPSIS OF NEUROPTERA. Wings unequal. Posterior wings smaller. Fam. III. Psocina (in part). Posterior wings broader, or at least of the same size with the anterior ones. Fam. IV. Perlina (in part). Tarsi four-articulate ; wings equal. Fam. I. Tekmitina (in part). Tarsi five- (sometimes apparently four-articulate). Posterior wings with no anal space ; not folded. Month more or less rostrated. Fam. IX. Panokpina (in part). Mouth not rostrated (at the utmost only conical). Fam. VIII. Hemerobina. Posterior wings with a folded anal space. ' Wings reticulate. Fam. VII. Sialina. Transverse veins rather few. Fam. X. Puryganina (in part). Apterous, or with rudimentary wings ; Mouth rostrated. Fam. IX. Panorpina (in part). Mouth not rostrated. Tarsi five-articulate. Fam. X. Puryganina (in part). Tarsi four-articulate. Fam. I. Termitina (in part). Tarsi three-articulate. Apterous, or with two rudimentary wings of a leathery substance. Fam. III. Psocina (in part). Four rudimentary wings, still with distinct neuration. Fam. IV. Perlina (in part). 1 The anal space is absent in a few Phryganina. NEUEOPTEEA OF NORTH AMERICA. Section I. PSEUDONEUROPTERA. Fam. I. TERMITIJ^A. Body depressed, ovate; head free; wings equal, mem- branaceous, deciduous ; tarsi 'i-articulate. CALOTERMES Hagen. Head small, two ocelli ; prothorax large, transverse, oblong ; costal area veined ; tarsi furnished with an apical plantula. 1. C. castaneus ! Termes casta nettsBnrm. ! II. 764, 3.— Termes anticus Walk.! Catal. 523, 31. — Termes guatimalce Walk.! Catal. 528, 38.— Caloterm. castaneus Hag.! Linn. XII, 38, 1 ; tab. ii, fig. 2 ; tab. iii, fig. 2. Chestnut-color, beneath, antennae and feet luteous ; the wings tinged with brown, margin and costal veins infuscate ; head ellip- tical ; prothorax quadrangular, anteriorly a little sinuated ; median nervule approaching the subcostal one, its apex bifurcated. Var. Smaller, pale, wings hyaline. (Cuba, St. Domingo.) Length to tip of wings 13—20 millimetres. Length of body 6—8 millim. Expanse of wings 23—36 millim. ffah. San Francisco, California (Chamisso) ; Honduras (Miller) ; Guatimala (Deby) ; Cuba; Porto-Rico; St. Domingo, Port-au- Prince (Ehrenberg) ; Columbia, Venezuela (Moritz, Appun) Brazil (Olfers) ; Rio (Schott) ; St. Leopold©; Chile; Isle of France (?). Collection of de Selys Longchamps. Note.—An exclamation point after the specific name at the head of an article shows that the description has been made by the author from a spe- cimen. When placed after a reference, it shows that the author has seen the type of the description. 1 2 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. C. marginipennis ! Termes marginlpenne Latr.! Humboldt, Recueil, II, 111 ; tab. xxxix, fig. 8.— Term, mexicanus Walker! Catal. 528, 39.— Caloterm. mar- ginipennis Hag.! Linn. XII, 47, 6 ; XIV, 100. Fulvous, beneath, antenniB and feet luteous ; wings whitish, margin and costal veins yellowish ; head square; prothorax square, anteriorly emarginate ; median and subcostal veins separated. A smaller specimen from San Diego does not differ in coloring. Var. Smaller, fuliginous, beneath, antennte and feet fuscous ; wings dirty-fuscous, margin and costal veins infuscate. (California.) Length to tip of wings 18— 19 millimetres. Body 7—8 millim. Expanse of wings 31 millim. Ifah. Mexico (Humboldt, Muehlenpford, Deppe) ; Cuantla (Saussure) ; San Francisco and San Diego, California. 3. C. posticus ! Calotermcs posticus Hag.! Linn. XII, G7, 15. Piceous, base of the antenute and feet bright yellow ; wings ; head square ; prothorax oblong. Length of body 4^ millim. Jlab. St. Thomas (Moritz). 4. C. brevis I Termes brevis Walk.! Catal. 524, 33— Term, indecisus Walk.! Catal. 524, 32. — Term, flavicollis Walk.! (in part) Catal. 502, 1 (Imago), 503 (Soldier). — Term, lucifugus Walk, (in part)! Catal. 505, 3.— Calo- term. brevis Hag.! Linn. XII, 68, 16; tab. ii, fig. 6; tab. iii, fig. 5. Linn. XIV, p. 101. Fulvous, beneath, antennse and feet pale ; wings hyaline, costal veins yellowish, linear, head square ; prothorax large, oblong, anteriorly emarginate ; median nervure distant, curved before the apex, united to the subcostal one. Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Body 4 millim. Expanse of wings 16 millim. ffab. Mexico (Deppe), Yera-Cruz (Salle) ; Central America ; Jamaica (Gosse) ; Cuba (Poeppig, Osten Sacken) ; St. Thomas (Moritz), St. Fe de Bogota; Brazil (Olfers, Schott, Natterer, Kuemmcl). The variety from Mexico has the median nervure, sometimes not curved, nor joined to the subcostal one. Is it a distinct species ? TERMOPSIS—TERMES. 3 TERMOPSIS Heee. Head large ; ocelli absent ; protborax small ; costal area veined ; tarsi with an apical plantula. 1. T. angusticollis ! Termes castaneus Walk.! Catal. 506, 4.— Termops. angusticollis Hag.! Linn. XII, 75, 1 ; tab. ii, fig. 1 ; tab. iii, figs. 6, 41. Linn. XIV, 101. Rufous, beneath paler, mouth infuscate ; wings dusky hyaline, costal veins rufous ; head oval, flat ; protborax small, semicircular. Length to tip of wings 26 millim. Body 11 millim. Expanse of wings 46 millim. Ifab. Louisiana (Pfeififer) ; San Francisco, California (Hart- weg) ; Ft. Steilacoom, Puget Sound (Dr. Suckley). 2. T. occidentis ! Termes occidentis Walk.! Catal. 529, 41.— Termops. occidentis Hag.! Linn. XII, 77, 2 ; tab. i, fig. 8. Linn. XIV, 101. Soldier. Fulvous, broad, bead thick, rounded ; protborax ante- riorly strongly emarginate ; meso- and metathorax with the poste- rior angles produced. Length of body 14 millim. Ilab. West coast of Central America (Wood). The genus of this species is doubtful ; it may, perhaps, be Ter- mopsis angusticollis Hagen. TERMES Linn. Head large, rounded, two ocelli ; protborax heart-shaped, small ; costal area free ; plantula absent. 1. T. flavipes ! Termesflavipes'KoW&x \ Naturgescli. scbadl. Ins. 411. Burm. 11,768,14. Burm. Zoolog. Hand-atlas, tab. xxvii, figs. 9, 10. Westw.! Intro- duct. II, 14; tab. Iviii, figs. 12, 14, 15. Hag.! Linn. XII, 182, 26; XIV, 107. Reichenbacli Volksnaturgescli. fig. col. Latr. Diction, d'hist. nat. XXII. Termes frontale Haldem.! (teste Osten Sackeh), Proc. Acad. Philad. 1844, II, 55. Chestnut color ; head and protborax black-brown ; antennae brownish, annulated with pale; mouth, tibioe and tarsi yellow; 4 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. wings whitish, a little roughened, costal veins yellowish ; head quadrangular, flat, with a distinct fovea in the middle, ocelli dis- tant, prothorax cordiform. Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Body 5 millim. Expanse of wings 16 millim. Hah. U. S. (Bosc, Beauvois, Schaura) ; Cleveland, Ohio (Le Conte) ; Cincinnati ; Paduca (Motschulsky) ; Pennsylvania (Hal- deman) ; Maryland (Uhler) ; Washington (Osten Sacken) ; Caro- lina (Zimmerman) ; Eutaw, Alabama ; Florida (Osten Sacken) ; Mexico, Matamoras, Tamaulipas (Couch) ; Europe (Plant-houses of Schonbrunn, Kollar). Specimens from Florida are smaller and paler, but not distinct. 2. T. morio! Termes morio Latr.! Hist. Nat. XIII, 69, 3. Diet, d'hist. nat. XXII, 3. Burm.l II, 767, 11. Hagen ! Linn. XII, 201, 34; tab. iii, fig. 29. Linn. XIV, 122. — Termes cornigera Motschulsky! Etudes Entom. IV, 10. Pitchy-black ; antennae, mouth, feet and venter yellowish ; wings opaque, blackish-gray, costal veins black-brown ; head flat, quad- rangular, a bifid impressed line upon the middle ; ocelli large, distant ; prothorax small, semicircular. Length to tip of wings 12—14 millim. Body 5 to 6 millim. Expanse of wings 22—25 millim. Hai. Guatimala (Sivers); Panama (Motschulsky); St. Domingo (Ehrcnl)erg) ; Porto-Rico (Moritz) ; Martinique ; Venezuela (Mo- ritz, Appun) ; Santarem, Brazil (Bates). Nasuti and workers from Matanzas, Cuba (Osten Sacken), seem to belong here. 3. T. debilis ! Termes debilis Heer ! Insektenfauna der Tertiiirgebilde II, 35, 19; tab. iii, fig. 6 (contained in gum copal). Giebel, Fauna der Vorwelt, II, 295. — Termes morio Burm. (in part) II, 767, 11. — T. debilis Hag.! Linn. XII, 205, 38 ; tab. iii, fig. 30. Brownish-black, antennoe annulated with white ; mouth, feet and middle of the venter yellowish ; wings opaque, blackish-gray, costal veins fuseous ; head convex, square, an impressed point upon the middle ; ocelli small, approaching the eyes ; prothorax small, rounded. Length to tip of wings 8^ millim. Body 3^ millim. Expanse of wings 16 millim. TERMES. 5 Hah. Porto-Rico (Moritz) ; Brazil, Congonlias (Burmeister). Frequently found iu gum copal. 4. T. Rippertii ! Termes Rippertii Ramb.! Neuropt. 308, 15.—Walk.! Catal. 520, 4; Hagen ! Linn. XII, 218, 47 ; tab. ii, fig. 13 ; tab. iii, fig. 32. Linn. XIY, 118.— Termes destructor Perty ! Delect. 127; tab. xxv, fig. 9. Ferrugineous, head piceous, fulvous in front ; the antennae, feet, prothorax and abdomen beneath in the middle luteous ; wings opaque, yellowish-gray, costal veins rufous ; head flat, with an impressed line ; eyes very prominent, ocelli close to the eyes ; prothorax semicircular, short. Length to tip of wings 14—18 millim. Body 5—Y millim. Expanse of wings 27—35 millim. Hah. Havana, Cuba (Rippert) ; Trinidad (Osten Sacken) ; Ja- maica (Gosse) ; Columbia (Moritz) ; Brazil (Spix) ; Ypanema (Natterer) ; New-Freiburg (Beschke) ; Isle of France ? (Collect. de Selys). A damaged specimen from Vera Cruz (Salle) seems to belong here. 5. T. lividus ! • Termes lividus Burm.! II, 767, 12. Walk. Catal. 515, 13. Hagen ! Linn. XII, 221, 49 ; tab. iii, fig. 33. Testaceous, the mouth, middle of the prothorax, antennre, feet, and margins of the abdominal segments luteous ;. wings opaque, yellowish gray, costal veins rufous ; head small, flat, a small yellow line upon the middle, ocelli large, approaching the eyes ; prothorax almost orbicular. Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Body 6 millim. Expanse of wings 27 millim. Hah. Port au Prince, St. Domingo (Ehrenberg). 6. T. armiger ! Termes armiger Motscliulsky ! Etud. Ent. IV, 10. Hagen ! Linn. XII, 228, 52 ; tab. i, fig. 1. A nasute soldier. Rufous; thorax and feet a little paler ; head pear-shaped, large, anteriorly porrected into a long nose ; mandi- bles ensiform ; prothorax small, anterior lobe narrow, recurved, anterior angles prominent, depressed, posterior margin rounded. Length of body 65 millim. 6 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Hob. Panama, Obispo (Motschulsky). Imago unknown. 7. T. tenuis ! Tenncs tenuis Hagen ! Linn. XII, 231, 57 ; tab. iii, fig. 35. Pale yellow ; head and prothorax a little brownish ; wings opaque, pale whitish-yellow, the costal veins luteous ; head oblong, convex, a salient point in the middle ; ocelli absent ; prothorax quadrangular. Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Body 3 millim. Expanse of wings 20 millim. JIab. St. Domingo, Port au Prince (Ehrenberg) ; Columbia (Moritz); Brazil (Helm). The ocelli, which are present in the other species, are absent in this. In' other respects it belongs to the genus. 8. T. simplex! Termes simplex Hag.! Linn. XII, 238, 60 ; tab. iii, fig. 23. Fulvous, antennse and feet yellowish, wings hyaline, a little roughened, costal veins yellowish ; head rounded, convex, a dis- tinct fovea upou the middle, ocelli small, closely approximate ; prothorax flat, semicircular ; wings with the median nervure ab- sent. Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Body 5 millim. Expanse of wings n millim. Hah. Cuba (Poeppig). An anomalous species. Only a single, very much damaged, specimen seen. 9. T. nigriceps. Termes nigriceps Haldeman, Proceed. Acad. Philad. 1853, June, VI, 365.—Hag. Linn. XII, 230, 55. Workers and soldiers nasute ; head blackish-brassy, pyriform, nasute, antenna), feet and body yellow. Length of body 3 millim. Hah. Western Mexico (Leconte). Unknown to me. 10. T. strenuus ! Tervies strcnuus Hagen! Linn. XIV, 105. Fuscous, villose ; mouth, antennae, feet and margins of the CLOTHILLA. 7 abdominal segments fulvous ; wings opaque, brown, costal margin yellow, subcostal and basal veins blackisli-brown ; head ratber large, opaque, rounded, flat, impressed in the middle, brassy, ocelli rather small, distant ; prothorax semicircular, opaque. Length to tip of wings 22—25 millim. Body 8—10 millim. Expanse of wings 42—4*1 millim. Hah. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Salle). 11. T. fumosus ! Termes fumosus Hagen! Linn. XIV, 123.—Perhaps imago of Termes nigriceps. Blackish-brown, brassy; antennas blackish-brown annulated with pale ; mouth, venter and feet yellowish-brown, tibiae a little ob- scure ; wings opaque, dark-smoky, costal veins blackish-brown, the rest fuscous ; head flat, rounded, anteriorly bi-im pressed ; ocelli rather large, distant ; prothorax hardly narrower than the head, semicircular. Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Body 6 millim. Expanse of wings 24 millim. Hah. Yera Cruz, Mexico (Salle). I have seen similar specimens, badly preserved, from Matamoras, Tamaulipas. They may be distinct. Fam. II. EMBIDIXA. Body depressed, linear; head free; wings equal, mem- branous; tarsi triarticulate. I have seen a specimen (perhaps a larva) without wings, not well preserved, from Cuba (Gundlach, Berlin Museum). Pale fuscous. Length of body 4 millim. Belonging to the genus Olyntha ? ' It is probably a new species. Fam. III. PSOCINA. Body oval ; bead free ; prothorax small, obtected ; wings unequal, sometimes wanting ; tarsi two- or three-articulate. CLOTHILLA Westwood. (^Lepinolus von Heyden ; Paradoxenus and Paradoxides Motscli.) Ocelli absent ; wings incomplete, coriaceous ; tarsi triarticulate. 8 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. C. picea! Paradoxenus piceiis Motschulsky! in lit. Entirely piceous, with a brassy reflection. Tlie specimen seen was imperfect ; the wings were wanting. Length of body 1 millim. Hah. California. ATROPOS Leach. Ocelli and tvings absent ; tarsi triarticulate. 1. A. divinatorius. Termes divinatorius 0. Fab. Fn. Gra3nl. 214, 181. Pale, mouth fuscous, eyes black, anus obscure (Descript. from Fab.) Length 1 millim. ? Hab. Greenland. In old books. Perhaps it is A. pulsatorius Leach. PSOCUS Latr. Three ocelli; wings membranaceous, rather unequal; tarsi two- or three-articulate. -\ Tarsi three-articulate. * Discoidal cellule closed, quadrangular. 1. P. sparsus! Psocus sparsus Hagen I Fuscous, varied with yellow and white ; nasus lineated with grayish-fuscous, front yellow, punctured and lineated with black ; antenna? rather slender, pale ; the two basal joints thicker, yel- low, black at base; thorax fuscous, varied with yellow; femora fuscous, annulated with pale before the apex, tibiae and tarsi pale, with the apex fuscous ; anterior wings opaque, fuscous, densely varied with yellow and gray, veins yellow, spotted with fuscous pterostigma triangular; posterior wings a little smoky, costal margin at the apex interruptedly fuscous and yellow. Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 11 millim. .^a6. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858); Baltimore (Uhler). psocus. 9 2. P. lugens ! Psocus lugens Hagen ! Fuscous, varied with white ; nasus fuscous, lineated with gray ; front fuscous, occiput striated with whitish ; antennte rather slen- der, brownish, two basal articulations thicker, apex pale, setee with the apical articulations whitish; thorax fuscous, margined with white ; femora fuscous, annulated with pale before the apex; tibife and tarsi paler, at the apex fuscous ; anterior wings opaque, fuscous, densely varied with gray, margin and veins marked with white points ; pterostignia triangular ; posterior wings a little smoky, costal margin at the apex interruptedly white and fuscous. Length to tip of wings 4^ millim. Expanse of anterior wings 8 millim. Hab. "Washington (Osteu Sacken, 1857). * * Discoidal cellule open, absent. 3. P. signatus ! Psocus signatus Hagen ! Blackish-fuscous ; eyes globose, distant, prominent ; nasus blackish-fuscous, lineated with gray ; front each side anteriorly with an oblique band, and a whitish yellow point upon the occiput; thorax margined with yellow; abdomen luteous ; feet luteous, tarsi blackish-fuscous ; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, pterostignia narrow, linear, blackish-fuscous, posterior margin at base fuscous; cellule at the posterior margin free, elliptically triangular. Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 9 millim, JIab. N'ew York. It is very much like Psocus immunis Stephens (naso, Rambur), but differs a little in the reticulation of the wings. Is it distinct ? 4. P. pumilis ! Psocus pumilis Hagen ! Pale luteous ; nasus brassy-fuscous, obsoletely lineated with gray ; front with a medial, longitudinal, blackish-fuscous stripe, two incurved fuscous lines at the eyes ; thorax marked with fus- ccfus ; the feet pale luteous ; anterior wings pale grayish hyaline, pterostigma, interrupted basal band and the margin behind the 10 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. base fuscous, veins fuscous ; pterostigma short, rounded ; cellule of the posterior margin free, elliptical. Length to tip of wings 3^ millim. Expanse of anterior wings 6 millim. Hah. New York. j" "|- Tarsi two-articulate. * Discoidal cellule closed, quadrangular. 5. P. venosus ! Psocus rcnosHs Burm.! II, 778, 10; Walk. Catal. 484, 9. — Ps. viagnus Walk.! Catal. 484, ID. — Ps. microphtlialmus Ramb. Neur. 321, 6. — Ps. aceris Fitcli ! MSS. Collection of de Seljs Lougchamps. Fuscous; head brassy, antennoe blackish-fuscous (in the male rather thicker, pilose), the two basal articulations luteous ; thorax margined with yellow ; the feet luteous, tarsi fuscous ; anterior wings fuscous or blackish-fuscous, pterostigma triangular, yellow- ish ; basal veins yellowish, apical ones fuscous ; posterior wings smoky-hyaline. Length to tip of wings 6—8 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 12—15 millim. Ifab. New York (Winthem, Asa Fitch, Uhler) ; Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858) ; Mount Pleasant, Ohio ; Mexico (Deppe) ; Cuba (Riehl, Poey) ; Maryland (Uhler). Specimens communicated by Baron Osten Sacken are a little smaller, blacker, with the apex of the tibial black ; but they belong to this species. 6. P. contaminatus ! Psocus contaminatus Hagen ! Fuscous; nasus yellow, scarcely lineated with obscure brown; the front luteous, two occipital spots, two at the nasus and two at the ocelli black ; antenna? rather slender, fuscous ; thorax black, margined with yellow ; the feet luteous, knees and tarsi fuscous wings hyaline, pterostigma triangular, blackish-fuscous ; apical margin with a large band attaining to the inferior angle of the pterostigma and a spot upon the middle of the posterior margin, cloudy-fuscous ; posterior wings hyaline. Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 13 millim. PSOCUS. 11 Hah. IS'ew York ; Maryland (Uhler) ; Washington (Osten Sacken) ; Yera Cruz, Mexico (Salle). 7. P. novae scotiae ! Psocus novx scotix Walk. Catal. 485, 12. — Psocus crataegi Fitch. Col- lectiou of de Selys Longchamps. Blackish-fuscous ; head pale yellow, two spots upon the occiput and two at the eyes black ; front fuscous in the middle ; antennae black ; thorax black, margined with yellow ; feet testaceous, tibise at apex and tarsi pitchy ; wings hyaline, anterior ones with four fuscous spots, one at the pterostigma, another at the apex, the rest at the posterior margin, the basal one joined to an obscure spot ; veins black. Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 12 millim. Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman) ; New York (Asa Fitch). 8. P. moestus ! Psocus moestus Hag.! Brownish-black, spotted with yellow ; nasus yellow, lineated with fuscous, and fuscous in front ; occiput yellow, varied with fuscous, antenniB rather slender, pale, the two basal articulations fuscous; apex yellow ; thorax and abdomen brownish-black ; femora fus- cous, knees yellow, tibia3 pale, their apex and the tarsi fuscous ; wings milky-hyaline, densely spread with small fuscous points, veins fuscous, basal ones yellow ; pterostigma triangular, the in- ternal angle yellow. Length to tip of wings 4^ millim. Expanse of anterior wings 8 millim. Hab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). 9. P. striatus ! Psocus striatus Walk.! Catal. 486, 16. Pallid ; nasus yellow lineated with black ; front yellow, a band upon the middle and punctiform lines at the eyes black ; eyes of the male globose, prominent, rather approximate ; antennaa fus- cous, two basal articulations pale ; antennte of the male thicker, the seta hairy ; thorax black marked with yellow ; abdomen yellow, a black fascia upon the middle; feet pallid, femora fuscous above. 12 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, tarsi fuscous ; wings hyaline, pterostigma large triangular, acute, fuscous, internal angle paler ; posterior margin at base and a discoidal nebula fuscous ; posterior wings hyaline. Length to tip of wings 6 J millim. Expanse of anterior wings 2"millira. Hah. Nova Scotia (Redman) ; New York, Washington (Osten Sacken, 185Y) ; Pennsylvania (.Zimmerman), 10. P. quietus ! Psocus quietus Hag.! Luteous ; the iiasus luteous lineated with black, a spot at base and two anteriorly black; front luteous varied with black; antennae pale ; thorax black ; feet pale luteous, tibiae at base and apex obscurer ; wings hyaline, veins luteous, pterostigma triangular, inferior angle rounded, obscure. Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 9 millim. Hab. New York; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). * * Discoidal cellule open, absent. 11. P. mobilis ! Psocus mohilis Hag.! Pale brown, hairy ; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, ovate ; cellule at the posterior margin free, elliptical. Length to tip of wings 2| millim. Expanse of anterior wings 4| millim. Hah. Cuba (von Winthem). Described from a single damaged specimen. 12. P. madidus ! Psocus madiJus Hag.! Pale luteous ; nasus brassy fuscous, lineated with obscure gray, two spots upon the occiput and a third upon the front black; antenme pallid ; tibijB obscurer at base ; wings pale gray, with two paler obsolete bands, the veins luteous; pterostigma narrow, ovate; no posterior marginal cellule. Length to tip of wings 3^ millim. Expanse of anterior wings 6 millim. Hah. New York ; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). psocus. 13 13. P. abruptus ! Psocits abruptus Hag.! Brown, hairy ; head and thorax brassy ; antennas very slender, whitish, the apical joints infuscate at their tip ; posterior femora fuscous, whitish at apex ; anterior wings brown with a brassy re- flection, a narrow, transverse, hyaline band before the apex, veins ciliated : pterostigma elongated, ovate ; no cellule at the posterior margin ; posterior wings grayish-hyaline. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 7 millim. Jlab. Washington; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). 14. P. corruptus ! Psocus corruptus Hag.! Pale brown, hairy ; head and thorax brassy ; eyes rather promi- nent, globose, front narrower than in the preceding; antennge thicker, hairy, seta fuscous, all the articulations pale at base ; feet pale ; anterior wings shining brassy-brown, pterostigma brown ; a spot before the apex, upon the costal margin and a discoidal cloud, grayish-hyaline; veins with fuscous cilia; posterior wings grayish- hyaline. (Male.) Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Expanse of anterior wings T millim. Ilab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858) ; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). Reticulation of the wings as in the preceding. Is it the other sex of that species ? The reticulation in Ps. abrvptus and Ps. corruptus is abnormal, and may constitute a distinct subgenus, or rather genus. 15. P. salicis ! Psocus salicis Fitch ! Collection of de Selys Lougcliamijs. Yery small, brown; head and thorax brassy; mouth yellow; eyes very small, front broad ; antennce very slender, villose, apex obscurer ; feet pale ; wings hyaline, veins brown ; pterostigma hyaline, anteriorly truncated ; posterior marginal cellule elliptical. Length to tip of wings H millim. Expanse of wings 3 millim. Hub. New York (Asa Fitch). 14 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 16. P. aurantiacus ! Psocus aurantiacus Hag.! Orange-colored, shining ; head bright orange, occiput in the middle dusky ; antennsB pale, brownish-black at the apex ; thorax orange with four cloudy spots upon the dorsum ; feet yellow, tarsi fuscous at the apex ; abdomen yellow ; wings yellowish-hyaline, pterostigma bright yellowish green ; veins yellow, apical ones fuscous ; cellule of the posterior margin orbiculai;. (Female.) Length to tip of wing 3^ millim. Expanse of wings 6 millim, Mab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). Fam. IV. PERLINA. ^ocfy depressed, elongated, parallel; prothorax large; an- tennae long, setaceous ; wings unequal, posterior ones broader ; tarsi three-articulate. -\ Tioo abdominal setcB. * Wings charged with many irregular transverse veins. PTERONARCYS Newman. Wings densely net-veined ; palpi setaceous ; mandibles mem- branaceous. This genus is very abnormal on account of its imago being furnished with external branchiae. 1. P. proteus! Pteronarcys proteus Newman! Entom. Mag. V, 177, 3. Walk.! Catal. 139, 1. Gosse, Canadian Naturalist, fig. — , p. 232. Fuscous, head broader than the prothorax ; antenna? paler at base ; sides of the prothorax emarginate, a little broader poste- riorly, an interrupted yellow line upon the middle. (Is it so always?) Feet yellowish-fuscous, knees yellow; abdomen beneath yellowish; the caudal setai luteous, paler at base ; J* last ventral segment yellowish, narrower, sparsely punctured ; 9 ? antepenultimate seg- ment truncated, armed with two distant, conical, yellowish append- ages ; wings pale grayish-hyaline, veins fuscous, clouded. "Length to tip of wings 38—48 millim. Expanse of wings 73_90 millim. Hab. Trenton Falls, New York (Doubleday) ; Mackenzie River district (Richardson) ; North Red River (Robt. Kennicott). PTERONARCYS, 15 2. P. regalis ! Pteronarcys regalis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 176, 1. Newm.! Annals Nat. Hist. XIII, 21. Pictet, Perlides, 134. Ann. Sci. Nat. I, 183. Newport ! Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, p. 425 ; tab. xxi, fig. 1—11 ; 14— 17. Froriep, Notiz. XXX, 179. Walker! Catal. 140, 3. P. proteus Pictet, Perl. 128, 1 ; tab. xxix, fig. 1—6. Ramb. Neuropt. p. 449. Fuscous, head as broad as the prothorax ; antenntE pitchy ; sides of the prothorax emarginate, not broader behind, a narrow, yellow line upon the middle ; feet fuscous ; abdomen fuscous, apex yellowish ; caudal set® fuscous, at base yellowish ; J" last ventral segment yellowish ; 9 antepenultimate segment produced, in the middle a broad, quadrangular excision ; wings grayish-hyaline, before the apex a little clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 44—48 millim. Expanse of wings 16 — 84 millim. Bah. Canada ; Mackenzie and Slave River districts (Richard- son) ; St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay (Barnston) ; Philadelphia. 3. P. biloba! Pteronarcys biloba Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 176, 2. Pictet, Perl. 135. Walk.! Catal. 140, 3. Brownish-black ; head narrower than the prothorax ; prothorax not emarginated at the sides, posteriorly a little broadened, a line upon the middle yellow ; feet brownish-black ; abdomen brownish- black, beneath in the middle with a broad, yellowish band ; caudal setoe brownish-black ; 9 antepenultimate ventral segment blackish- brown, produced, incised in the middle ; wings grayish-hyaline, before the apex a little clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 46 millim. Expanse of wings 84 millim. Hah. Trenton Falls ; St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hud- son's Bay (Barnston) ; Minnesota (Osten Sacken). I have seen the typical specimens in the British Museum'; but I am not certain whether the female from Minnesota belongs here. 4. P. no bills ! Pteronarcys nobilis Hagen ! Black, head broader than the prothorax ; antenno3 black ; pro- thorax quadrangular, gides straight, a yellow line narrowed in the middle; feet black ; abdomen black, beneath with a broad orange 16 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. band ; caudal setfe black, piceous at base ; ^ last ventral segment deep black ; 9 antepenultimate one truncated, orange, two short setiform appendages ? (they cannot be clearly seen) ; wings gray- ish-hyaline, clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 31—34 millim. Expanse of wings 55 — 66 millim. Hah. ]S"ew York. Does the "smaller, new species" from Sherbrooke, Lower Canada (Gosse, (Canadian Naturalist), belong here ? 5. P. californica. Pteronarrys californicus Newp.! Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 450. Proceed. Linn. Soc. I, 388. Walk.! Catal. 140, 5. Fuscous ; labrum, clypeus and front rufous ; prothorax with an interrupted, yellow line upon the middle ; abdomen orange-yellowish, the sides fuscous, the last ventral segment broad, pilose, the apex deeply incised ; caudal seta3 at base yellow ; antennae and feet black ; wings with obscure black veins, pterostigmal spot absent. (Description taken from that of Mr. Newport.) (Male.) Almost the size of P. proteus. Hah. California (Hartweg). I saw the species in the British Museum, but I am not now able to furnish a more accurate description. 6. P. insignis. KoUaria insignis Pictet, Perl. 123 ; tab. iv, fig. 1—8. Walker, Catal. 138, 1. Fuscous; head equal in width to prothorax ; prothorax quadran- gular, on middle a yellow line ; abdomen black, segments margined behind with yellow; feet yellowish-brown, knees yellowish ; caudal setse fuscous, yellow at base ; 9 antepenultimate ventral segment truncated, two very short setiform appendages? (from the figure) ; wings* grayish-hyaline, before the apex clouded with fuscous maxillary palpi very long. (Description taken from the description and figure of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings 53 millim. Expanse of wings 86 millim. Hab. The locality unknown. Vienna Museum. It has the habitus of an American insect. I have not seen the typical spe- cimen : from the figure and description of Pictet it seems to be a Pteronarcys. The generic character is derived from the length of PERLA. 17 the maxillary palpi : it is, however, of doulDtful importance. The species, perhaps, is P. hiloha. * * Wings with few, but rather regular, transverse veins. PERLA Geoffkoy. Wings veiny, transverse veins few, very regular; posterior wings with the anal space large, plicated ; palpi setaceous ; two caudal setse. O The submarginal, apical space of the anterior wings with some transverse veins. Subgenus Acroneuria Pictet. 1. P. abnormis ! Perla abnormis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 177. Pict. Perl. 180, 12. Walker! Catal. 147, 21.—P. arenosa Pict.l Perl. 178, 11; tab, x, fig. 1—2. Walker, Catal. 147, 10. — P. joennsylvanica Ramb.! Neuropt. 456, 13. —P. internata Walker! Catal. 152, 41. — P. trijuncta Walker! Catal. 153, 43. — P. so}ian:> Barnston, Newport, Linn. Trans. XX, 447. Yellowish-fuscous; the head broader than the prothorax, luteous, obscure in the middle ; the antennae fuscous, the second articulation and sometimes the following ones luteous ; prothorax narrower posteriorly, the angles acute, sides straight, surface rugulose, the middle line scarcely more distinct ; the feet luteous, knees fuscous; ' abdomen beneath yellowish, setae fuscous, densely pilose; J^ last ventral segment large ovate, with a round, polished spot ; 9 ante- penultimate ventral segment slightly rounded, produced ; wings subhyaline, veins clay-yellow ; the vein accessory to the subcosta four-forked, some transverse veins. Length to tip of wings, ,^27; 9, 35 millim. Alar expanse, (^50; 9, 60 millim. JIab. St. Lawrence River (Barnston) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Pic- tet) ; Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken) ; Georgia (Abbot) ; South Illinois (Robt. Kennicott) ; Maryland (Uhler). I have seen a specimen from Mexico (Muehlenpford, in the Berlin Museum), which was paler, with many transverse veins, and the antepenultimate segment produced elliptically. Is it a distinct species ? « 2 18 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2 P. ruralis ! P. ruralis Ilagen ! Testaceous ; bead broader than the prothorax, a curved fuscous line in front ; antennas fusco-testaceous, the second articulation and some of the following ones luteous ; the prothorax quadran- gular, short, equal, rugulose, angles rather obtuse ; feet testaceous, knees fuscous ; abdomen beneath yellowish, setae yellowish, behind the base banded with fuscous, hardly pilose ; 9 antepenultimate ventral segment a little rounded, produced, before the apex a linear transverse tubercle; wings sub-hyaline, the veins luteous; anterior wings with the subcostal accessory veinlet five-branched, transverse veins very numerous. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 31 millim. Alar expanse 51 millim. Uab. St. Louis. 3. P. arida ! Per/a arida Hagen ! Yellowish-fuscous ; head broader than the prothorax, yellowish, clouded with fuscous anteriorly ; antennas fuscous, second articula- tion yellowish ; prothorax narrower posteriorly, angles acute, sides straight, rugulose, middle line yellowish ; the feet luteous, knees fuscous ; the abdomen beneath luteous ; setae pilose, yellow, arti- culations of the tip fuscous at their apex ; J" last ventral segment large, ovate ; 9 antepenultimate ventral segment with a middle lamina narrow at base and at the apex two-lobed ; wings sub- hyaline, veins fuscous ; anterior wings with the subcostal accessory vein three-branched, transverse ones few. Length to tip of wings 23 J", 28 9 millim. Alar expanse 43 J", 53 9 millim. JIab. New York, Philadelphia. Is this not P. arenosa Pictet, tab. x, fig. 2, from Philadelphia? O O Submarginal space of the anterior wings not charged with transverse veins. a. Subcostal accessory veinlet of the anterior wings with four incurved branches. Subgenus Isogenus Newm. Nephdion Pict. 4. P. frontalis ! Isogenusfrontalis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 178. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ill, 25. — Nephelion frontalis Pict. Perl. 172, 8 ; tab. viii, fig. 10—11. Walk.! Catal. 144, 10. — Perla hicaudata Kirby, Fu. Bor. Am. 252. PERLA. 19 Blackish-fuscous ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, an occipital spot and a frontal one in the shape of a Y, yellow ; pro- thorax quadrangular, rugulose, sides straight, a yellow stripe upon the middle, angles acute ; feet yellowish-fuscous, knees blackish- brown banded with yellow ; abdomen fuscous, apex beneath yel- lowish ; the setae pilose, luteous ; 9 antepenultimate ventral seg- ment slightly, but broadly excised ; wings hyaline, anterior ones with a medial costal, hardly conspicuous, fuscous cloud ; veins blackish-brown. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 24 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim. Hah. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay (Barn- ston) ; Latitude 68° (Richardson) ; Trenton Falls, and Ohio (Schaum). I possess a 9 specimen, taken at the same place, Ohio, most resembling this, but the incisure of the antepenultimate segment differs a little ; being narrower and longer. Perhaps distinct. 5. P. Clio. Isogenus clio Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist, new ser. Ill, 86, 7. Walker Catal. 146, 17. "Fuscous, head laterally around the eyes yellowish ; prothorax with a median, longitudinal, yellow line; abdomen testaceous." — Walhr. Hah. Georgia (Abbot). "Unknown to me. 6. P. drymo. Isogenus drymo Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist, new ser. Ill, 86, 6. Walker Catal. 146, 18. " Fuscous, head testaceous, clypeus and a quadrate spot behind it fuscous ; prothorax fuscous, marked with two large bright testa- ceous spots; base of the femora paler." — Walker. Hah. Georgia (Abbot). Unknown to me. 7. P. aurantiaca! P. aurantiaca Hag.! Orange-luteous ; head with two ocelli ; prothorax narrower be- hind, sides straight, surface rugulose, angles acute; last ventral segment short, produced in the middle ; wings subhyaline, orange- yellowish, veins orange ; accessory veinlet three-branched. 20 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 35 millim. Hah. Mexico, The unique type is very defective. a a Accessory subcostal veinlet of the anterior wings, two- branched. Subgenus Perla Pictet. (Apical costal space with some transverse veins.) 8. P. dorsata. Sialis dorsata Sa}^ Godman's "Western Quart. Rep. 1S23, II, 164, 1. "Black varied with rufous ; head blackish, with about six blacker spots ; beneath pale yellowish, labrum pale ; palpi black ; pro- thorax blackish, with impressed blacker lines, anterior and poste- rior incisures and dorsal vitta rufous, angles rather, prominent, a pale obsolete line from the base of the thorax to the abdomen, be- neath yellowish, disk of the segunents black ; trochanters yellowish; abdomen black, segments above with yellow posterior margins, venter pale yellow; nervures of the wings deep black." — Say (amended, Uhler). Length to tip of wings 50 millim. (If inches). Alar expanse 80 millim.? Hah. Ohio River, Pittsburg; "common in May." — Say. Unknown to me. 9. P. Coulonii. Perla Coulonii Pictet, Perl. 212, 22 ; PI. x, fig. 4. Walk. Catal. 150, 32. "Black; head broad, the sides and occiput luteous ; beneath luteous; the prothorax large, fuscous, very rugulose, the disk obscurer; abdomen paler fuscous; setae rather short, fuscous; wings fusco-hyaline, veins fuscous, stout." — Pict. Length to tip of wings 4G millim. Alar expanse 71 millim. Hah. United States. Unknown to me. Perhaps P. dorsata'? Is it different from Walker's species, captured at the " Macken- zie and Slave Bivers ?" 10. p. immarginata. Sialis immarfjinata Say, Godman's West. Quart. Rep. II, 164, 2. " Black varied with yellow, or yellow varied with black ; eyes deep bluck-l)ro\vn ; prothorax transversely quadrangular, posterior angles a little rounded, disk a little rugose, with impressed irregu- lar lines, an impressed dorsal line, and each side of it a slightly PERLA. 21 arcuated one; beneath yellow; wings obscure, veins fuscous, im- marginate. " It varies very much in coloring, being generally entirely yellow beneath, and sometimes upon the tergura. The thorax has some- times a yellow dorsal line, and sometimes a black one." — Say. Length to tip of wings 9 30 millim. ("more than one inch"). Male smaller. Hah. Ohio River: "common in May" (Say). Unknown to me. Perhaps a unique male from Washington (Osten Sacken) be- longs to this species. 11. P. lurida ! Per!a lurida Hag.! Testaceous, varied with yellowish ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, yellowish, a broad fuscous stripe upon the middle excised in front and drawn out into a semilunar form posteriorly ; antennae testaceous ; prothorax quadrangular, narrower posteriorly, testa- ceous, rugulose, sides a little incurved, anterior angles acute, pos- terior ones a little rounded ; feet testaceous, knees fuscous, under- neath yellowish ; body beneath yellowish, set® testaceous-yellow, base of the venter pale yellow ; antepenultimate ventral segment a little produced, triangularly emarginate in the middle ; wings tes- taceo-hyaline, veins fusco-testaceous. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 33 millim. 9 Alar expanse 62 millim. JIab. New Orleans (Pfeiffer). 12. P. lycorias ! Perla Iijcorias Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, HI, 85. Pict. Perl. 214. Walk. Catal. 152, 40. Testaceous-yellow ; head broader than the prothorax, orange- yellow, a transverse, trilobed, brownish-testaceous band ; anteriorly and posteriorly clouded with fuscous; antennsB brownish-testaceous, base yellowish, first articulation brownish-black ; prothorax quad' rangular, hardly narrower posteriorly, sides straight, angles acute ; its color orange-yellow, with fuscous rugula3, a middle line brown- ish-black ; feet testaceous, knees and the tibias externally, fuscous ; beneath yellowish, sette fusco-testaceous, pilose; ^^ , last ventral segment larger, rounded, furnished with a transverse, ovate, flat, polished tubercle ; ? , antepenultimate segment with an elliptical middle lobe ; wings subhyaline, veins fusco-testaceous. 22 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length to tip of wings 21—28 millim. Alar expanse 42—52 millim. Hah. New York (Trenton Falls), Is this the true P. hjcorias Newm. ? 13. P. tristis! . , Perla tristis Hag.! Fusco-piceous ; head broader than the prothorax, fusco-piceous, two points anteriorly and two upon the middle yellow ; antennae piceous, base beneath and second articulation paler ; prothorax quadrangular, posteriorly narrower, fusco-piceous, rugulose, shining, sides a little oblique, posterior angles hardly rounded, anterior ones acute ; the feet luteous, exteriorly fusco-piceous ; abdomen piceous, base beneath yellow ; seta? fuscous ; ^ last ventral segment larger, triangular, incurved ; ? antepenultimate segment truncated ; wings smoky brownish, costal margin obscurer, veins fuscous. (Male small.) Length to tip of wings 11—25 millim. Alar expanse 32—44 millim. Huh. Trenton Falls, New York ; Washington (Osten Sacken). 14. p. capitata. Perla capitata Pict. Perl. 214, 23 ; tab. xviii, fig. 4, 5. Walker Catal. 150, 31. Fuscous ; head broader than the prothorax, luteous, the disk and anterior portion black ; prothorax quadrangular, narrower behind, rugulose, fuscous ; abdomen luteous, obscurer at the apex ; setae luteous, apex fuscous; feet luteous, exteriorly and tarsi fus- cous, knees with a black band ; wings fusco-hyaline, veins black- brown. ^ (The diagnosis is from the figure and description of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim. Hah. United States. Unknown to me. 15. P. annulipes ! Perla annulipes Hagen ! Brown varied with yellow ; head a little broader than the pro- thorax, brown, occiput, two median spots and a transverse fascia in front yellow ; antennse dusky, two basal articulations pale yel- low ; prothorax quadrangular, narrower behind, sides oblique, angles acute ; brown, rugulose upon the surface, shining, anteriorly PERLA. 23 margined with yellow ; feet yellow, a fuscous ring upon the femora at base, knees, tibia) externally and tarsi fuscous ; abdomen above brown, segments margined with yellow ; beneath yellow, middle of the base obscure ; setce yellow at base (the remainder is broken off) ; 9 antepenultimate ventral segment, middle lobe, short, broad, rounded, infuscated ; wings grayish-subhyaline, costal margin a little yellowish, veins testaceous. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millira. Hob. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857). Is this P. capitata Pictet ? 16. P. postica ! Perla postica. Walker Catal. 144, 11. Black ; head equal to the prothorax, black, a spot upon the occipital middle, which is hastlform and sometimes two anteriorly orange-yellow ; antennas black ; prothorax transverse, quadran- gular, short, black, rugulose, an orange stripe upon the middle, sides straight, angles acute ; feet brownish-black ; abdomen black, beneath in the middle yellowish ; setre black ; J^ last ventral seg- ment larger, ovate, fuscous ; 9 antepenultimate segment large, triangularly ovate, fuscous ; wings grayish-subhyaline, veins fus- cous. Length to tip of wings 15—20 millim. Alar expanse 28—34 millim. Hah. Louisiana (Schaum); Mackenzie River (Richardson). I do not know whether this is the same with Walker's species or not. It is some time since I examined his specimens in the British Museum. The words in Mr. Walker's diagnosis, "prothorax produced into an acute angle, or short horn on each side by the foreaugle," are erroneous, and they are accordingly omitted here. 17. P. olivacea! Perla olivacea Walk. Catal. 144, 12. Fuscous ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, fuscous, ful- vous in front with a large occipital, trilobed, transverse spot ; an- tenna) fuscous, fulvous at base ; prothorax transverse, quadrangular, shorter, fuscous, rugulose, a broad, yellow middle stripe ; sides straight, anterior and posterior margin a little rounded ; the feet fuscous, beneath and tibia? luteous ; abdomen fuscous; seta) luteous, 24 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. pilose ; J^ with last ventral segment luteous, larger, oval ; wings small, shorter than the abdomen, subhyaline, veins fuscous. Length of body 9 millira. Hah. Arctic America. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River (Barnston). Is this Walker's species ? 18. P. media. Ptrla media Walker Catal. 145, 13. Black ; head broader than the prothorax, black, the sides, poste- rior margin and two spots yellowish-brown ; prothorax quadran- gular, black, rugulose, with a middle sulcus; narrower posteriorly, anterior angles acute, posterior ones rounded ; wings subcinereous, veins black. Length to tip of wings? 20 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim. Hah. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay (Barn- ston). Unknown to me. Is it not P. immarginata ? 19. P. aethiops. Perla athiops Walk. Catal. 154, 45. Black ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, black ; pro- thorax quadrangular, narrower behind, black, subrugulose, sub- sulcated, sides convex, angles subacute ; wings blackish-fuscous, veins black. (The diagnose is taken from that of Walker.) Length to tip of wings ? 24 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim. Hab. ]Mexico (Hartweg). Unknown to me. Is it not P.