A Checklist of the North and Middle American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae) HORTON H. HOBBS, JR. m SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ? NUMBER 166 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O Z O O L O G Y ? N U M B E R 166 A Checklist of the North and Middle American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae) Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1974 ABSTRACT Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. A Checklist of the North and Middle American Cray- fishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 166, 161 pages, 294 figures, 1974.?Included in this alpha- betical list are all of the North and Middle American crayfishes, including two fossil species, that were described prior to 1 January 1973. Within the treatment of each specific or subspecific taxon is a synonymy in which are cited alterations in generic and subgeneric assignments, erroneous spellings, and synonyms. References also are given to recent descriptions, discussions, and keys. The com- position and locations of type-series are cited, as are the type-locality, range, and habitat of each species and subspecies. Nomina nuda that have been neither validated nor synonymized with other crayfish taxa, together with one name suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, are listed separately. Illustrations, which are arranged in related species groups, are provided for each of the 294 recognized extant species and subspecies. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 4984. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Hobbs, Horton Holcombe, Jr., 1914? A checklist of the North and Middle American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae). (Smithsonian contributions to zoology no. 166) 1. Astacidae. 2. Cambaridae. 3. Crustacea?North America. 4. Crustacea?Central America. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 166. QL1.S54 no. 166 [QL444.M33] 591'.08s [595'.3841] 73-16027 For tale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 ? Price $2.50 (paper cover) Contents Page Introduction 1 Nomina Nuda neither Validated nor Synonymized with Other Crayfish Taxa 4 Suppressed Name 4 Species Inquirenda 4 The Checklist 5 Family Astacidae Latreille, 1802-1803 5 Family Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942 7 Subfamily Cambarellinae Laguarda, 1961 7 Subfamily Cambarinae Hobbs, 1942 9 Literature Cited 68 Explanation of Illustrations 80 Index 154 i i i A Checklist of the North and Middle American Crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae) Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. Introduction Preparation of this checklist of the crayfishes of North and Middle America began late in the 1940's but its presentation for publication has been repeatedly postponed because of the almost con- tinuous appearance of descriptions of new taxa. The most recent checklist appeared more than half a century ago (Faxon, 1914); since then the num- ber of described species and subspecies has nearly tripled. As a result of this and because most de- scriptions subsequent to Faxon's checklist have been published in short papers scattered among many journals, a revised compilation is needed. This list is being published despite the fact that there remain many undescribed species; indeed, descriptions of at least a dozen species are now in preparation or in press. To the best of my knowledge, all of the North and Middle American crayfishes (including two fossil species) that were described prior to 1 Janu- ary 1973 are accounted for in this summary (most also are incorporated in a recent key to the crayfish fauna of the same area, Hobbs, 1972b). While those few species that have been described since that date are not treated, combinations involving older names have been updated to June 1973. Preceding the alphabetical list of species is a list of nomina nuda that have not been validated, Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. together with one name that has been suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Included in the treatment of each specific or subspecific taxon is a synonymy in which are cited alterations in generic and sub- generic assignments, erroneous spellings, and syno- nyms; in only rare instances are references to misidentifications listed. References also are given to recent descriptions, discussions, and keys. The composition and locations of the type-series are cited and, where possible, the sexes of the syntypes and primary-types are indicated. In instances in which the type designations included a holotypic male, form I, and a "paratypic male, form II" (the latter clearly separated from the remainder of the paratypic-series), the paratypic male has been referred to here as "morphotype," the name enclosed in quotation marks. In citing the types of those taxa for which a morphotype was designated by the describer, the quotation marks are omitted. The type-locality, range, and habitats are given for each taxon. The designations "primary, sec- ondary, and tertiary burrowers" follow Hobbs (1942b:20): primary burrowers are those largely restricted to burrows; secondary burrowers are those that generally occupy burrows but often wander into open water during times when the mouths of the burrows are flooded; and tertiary burrowers are those that burrow "only in periods of drought or occasionally, but not necessarily, during the breeding season." Insofar as possible the illustrations, which are 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY arranged in related species groups, are based upon types of the species; and in the comparatively few instances in which types were not available, specimens were chosen from, or as close to, the type-locality as possible (see Explanation of Illus- trations). LOCATIONS OF TYPES.?The following abbrevia- tions are used for museums or collections in which specimens of one or more type-series have been deposited: Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist.: Alabama Museum of Natural History, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York. AMS: Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania. BMNH: British Museum, Natural History, London, England. BSNH: Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Massa- chusetts. Chas. M.: Charleston Museum, South Carolina. CM: Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. GM: Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. IBM: Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist.: Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. La. Polytechnic Inst.: Louisiana Polytechnic Institute, Rus- ton, Louisiana. MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. MHNP: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. Mus. Washburn Coll.: Museum of Washburn College, now Department of Biology, Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas. Mus. Zool. Torino: Instituto e Museo di Zoologia, Delia Universita di Torino, Italy. NMV: National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia. OSM: Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. PM: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. RR: Collection of Rendell Rhoades, Ashland College, Ash- land, Ohio. TU: Department of Zoology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. UF: Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gaines- ville, Florida. USNM: National Museum of Natural History (formerly under United States National Museum), Smithsonian Insti- tution, Washington, D.C. UZM: Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Krystalgade, K0ben- havn K., Denmark. Wiirzburg Mus.: Wiirzburg Museum, Wiirzburg, Germany. ZBM: Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, East Germany. ZIAS: Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. In addition, type-specimens of a few species are in the collections of the following: Troy C. Dorris, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma; Max R. Matteson, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois; Leslie Hubricht, Meridian, Mississippi; Hugo L. James, University of Bridgeport, Bridge- port, Connecticut; Rollin D. Reimer, Texas A & M, College Station, Texas; Joe B. Black, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, Louisiana; Joseph F. Fitzpatrick, Jr., Randolph-Macon Woman's College, Lynchburg, Virginia; Jerry G. Walls, Hightstown, New Jersey; Raymond W. Bouchard, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Rudolph Prins, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green; H. H. Hobbs III, Christopher Newport College, New- port News, Virginia; and Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Three large and important crayfish collections? those of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, and the personal collection of the author?have been transferred to the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- tution, and the type-specimens cited by many previous authors as having been deposited in those collections are now in the Smithsonian crayfish collection. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NOMENCLATURE OF NORTH AMERICAN CRAYFISHES.?Prior to the pub- lication of Girard's (1852) revision of the North American Astaci, which treated 20 species, all of the North American crayfishes were assigned to the genus Astacus. Girard was the first to employ Erichson's (1846) subgeneric designation Cam- barus as a generic name, and with its adoption by Hagen (1870) in his Monograph of the North American Astacidae and the clear delineation drawn between Cambarus, in the Atlantic water- shed, and Astacus, largely restricted to the Pacific slope, a generic stability was established that re- mained unchanged until 1933. The first checklist of holarctic crayfishes was that of Faxon (1884), in which 60 North American species were recog- nized. Faxon revised the Astacidae in 1885 but made few changes in the "species groups" originally proposed by Hagen. With some reshuffling of species, Ortmann (1905c, 1905d, 1906a) proposed the recognition of six subgenera of Cambarus: NUMBER 166 Cambarus, Bartonius, Faxonius, Cambarellus, Pro- cambarus, and Paracambarus. Fowler (1912), in reviewing the Crustacea of New Jersey, pointed out that Ortmann (1905c) overlooked Faxon's (1898) selection of Astacus Bartonii Fabricius as the type-species of Cambarus. Ortmann had chosen that crayfish as the type-species of the subgenus Bartonius, and Astacus Blandingii Harlan as that of his subgenus Cambarus. Thus the name Bar- tonius was shown to be a junior objective synonym of Erichson's Cambarus, and Ortmannicus was proposed to replace Ortmann's subgenus Cam- barus. In his checklist of the crayfishes Faxon (1914) included 110 species and subspecies from North America but recognized no subgenera. An altera- tion in the generic assignment of the North Ameri- can crayfishes had its inception with Creaser (1933a) who elevated Ortmann's subgenus Faxon- ius to generic rank. Not until 1942, however, was there a major departure from the generic structure that had been established by Girard (1852) and Hagen (1870). Creaser (1933b) erected the monotypic subgenus Faxonella to receive Cambarus clypeatus Hay. This subgenus was questionably accorded generic status by Creaser (1962) and was clearly so treated by Fitzpatrick (1963). Lyle (1938) designated the subgenus Girardiella to encompass Faxon's (1914) Group II. Hobbs (1942a) proposed the elevation of Ort- mann's subgeneric groupings of Cambarus to ge- neric rank, recognizing the subfamilies Astacinae and Cambarinae, the latter comprising the follow- ing genera: Cambarus, Procambarus (including Fowler's Ortmannicus and Lyle's Girardiella), Or- conectes (= Ortmann's Faxonius), Cambarellus, Para- cambarus, and Troglocambarus, the latter described as new. Orconectes Cope (1872) was considered to be a subjective senior synonym of Ortmann's Faxonius. Villalobos (1955) recognized the Cambaroidinae as a subfamily of the Astacidae, and Laguarda (1961) designated a fourth subfamily, the Cam- barellinae. Fitzpatrick and Payne (1968) added the genus Hobbseus, and Hobbs (1969b), in revising the genus Cambarus, proposed the genus Falli- cambarus. In the latter revision, 10 subgenera (see below) of Cambarus were recognized. One of them, Barbicambarus, was elevated to generic rank by Bouchard (1972). In 1972, Hobbs (1972a) recognized 16 subgenera of Procambarus, resurrecting the subgenera Ort- mannicus (Fowler, 1912) and Girardiella (Lyle, 1938) and returning Paracambarus to subgeneric status in Procambarus. Later in the same year, Hobbs' (1972b) key to most of the crayfishes, in- cluded herein, was made available. Finally, in a synopsis of the families and genera of crayfishes, Hobbs (1974) proposed a restructur- ing of the Astacuran infraorder Astacidea as fol- lows: INFRAORDFR ASTACIDEA Superfamily Nephropoidea Dana, 1852 (lobsters and marine allies) Superfamily Parastacoidea Huxley, 1879 (crayfishes of the Southern Hemisphere) Superfamily Astacoidea Latreille, 1802-1803 Family Astacidae Latreille, 1802-1803 Genus Astacus Fabricius, 1775 (Europe and western Asia) Subgenus Astacus Fabricius, 1775 Subgenus Pontastacus Bott, 1950 Genus Austropotamobius Skorikov, 1908 (Europe) Subgenus Austropotamobius Skorikov, 1908 Subgenus Atlantoastacus Bott, 1950 Genus Pacifastacus Bott, 1950 Family Cambaridae Hobbs, 1942a Subfamily Cambarinae Hobbs, 1942a Genus Barbicambarus Hobbs, 1969b Genus Cambarus Erichson, 1846 Subgenus Cambarus Erichson, 1846 Subgenus Aviticambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Depressicambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Erebicambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Hiaticambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Jugicambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Lacunicambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Puncticambarus Hobbs, 1969b Subgenus Veticambarus Hobbs, 1969b Genus Fallicambarus Hobbs, 1969b Genus Faxonella Creaser, 1933b Genus Hobbseus Fitzpatrick and Payne, 1968 Genus Orconectes Cope, 1872 Genus Procambarus Ortmann, 1905d Subgenus Procambarus Ortmann, I905d Subgenus Acucauda Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Austrocambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Capillicambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Girardiella Lyle, 1938 Subgenus Hagen ides Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Leconticambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Lonnbergius Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Mexicambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Ortmannicus Fowler, 1912 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Subgenus Paracatnbarus Ortmann, 1906a Subgenus Pennides Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Remoticambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Scapulicambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Tenuicambarus Hobbs, 1972a Subgenus Villalobosus Hobbs, 1972a Genus Troglocambarus Hobbs, 1942a Subfamily Cambarellinae Laguarda, 1961 Genus Cambarellus Ortmann, 1905c Subfamily Cambaroidinae Villalobos, 1955 (eastern Asia and Japan) Genus Cambaroides Faxon, 1884 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.?Among the many persons to whom I am indebted for assistance in compiling this checklist are Dr. J. Forest, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; the late Dr. H. Gisin, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva; Dr. H.-E. Gruner, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin; Dr. H. W. Levi, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Massachusetts; Dr. Paul W. Parmalee, Illinois State Museum, Springfield; Dr. J. J. Parodiz, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania; Dr. N. E. Pearson, Butler University, In- dianapolis, Indiana; Dr. Philip W. Smith, Illinois State Natural History Survey, Urbana; Dr. David H. Stansbery, Ohio State Museum, Columbus; Dr. Y. Starobogatov, Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R., Leningrad; Dr. J. Taubucci, Instituto e Museo di Zoologia, Torino, Italy; Dr. S. L. Tuxen, Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen; Dr. Alejandro Villalobos, Univer- sidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City; and Dr. J. C. Yaldwyn, formerly of the Australian Museum, Sydney. I am also grateful to the follow- ing persons who have read or assisted in checking certain parts of the manuscript: Thomas E. Bow- man, Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Martha R. Cooper, Margaret A. Daniel, Joseph F. Fitzpatrick, Jr., Georgia B. Hobbs, Richard L. Hoffman, and Mary H. Moulton. Nomina Nuda neither Validated nor Synonymized with Other Crayfish Taxa Catnbarus (Cambarus) lobdelli Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus (Faxonius) creaseri Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus (Girardiella) hagenianus carri Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus (Girardiella) hagenianus evansi Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus (Girardiella) hagenianus forestae Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus (Ortmannicus) cookae Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus (Ortmannicus) evictus Lyle, 1938:76. Cambarus schmittii Penn, 1941:8 [questionably synonymized with Cambarellus puer Hobbs]. Cambarus lucifugus Packard, 1888:82 [lapsus for Crangonyx lucifugus Hay]. Suppressed Name Astacus oreganus Randall, 1840:138. [Suppressed by Opinion 855 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomen- clature, 1968:84.] Species Inquirenda Cambarus primaevus Packard Cambarus primaevus Packard, 1880:222; 1881a:832; 1881b:391. Cambarus primoevus Villalobos, 1955:14 [erroneous spell- ing]- TYPES.?Not known to be extant. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Lower Tertiary beds in the Bear River Valley, "75 to 100 miles a little west of north of Evanston, Wyo., and near the Utah line" (Packard, 1881b:391). RANGE.?Known only from the type-locality. REMARKS.?It is highly doubtful that this cray- fish is a member of the genus Cambarus as pres- ently defined; and, on the basis of available information, it cannot be assigned to any of the subgenera. Possibly, it is not even a member of the Cambaridae! The original combination of Pack- ard is retained because, until the type specimens or additional material of the species become avail- able, no assessment of its relationships to other crayfishes can be made. Procambarus wiegmanni (Erichson) Astacus (Cambarus) Wiegmanni Erichson, 1846:99. Cambarus Wiegmanni.?Hagen, 1870:54. Cambarus wiegmanni.?Faxon, 1890:621. Procambarus wiegmanni.?Hobbs, 1942a:342 [by implication]. Procambarus weigmanni.?Villalobos, 1949:338 [erroneous spelling]. Procambarus Weigmanni.?Villalobos, 1950:381-383 [errone- ous spelling]. TYPES.?Type lost from BMNH. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Mexico. RANGE.?Unknown. HABITAT.?Unknown. REMARKS.?The identity of this crayfish has not been recognized with certainty since it was de- scribed. Villalobos (1950) reviewed its history and designated Erichson's name a nomen nudum. In- NUMBER 166 asmuch as Erichson diagnosed and described the species and stated that it occurs in Mexico, it can- not be considered a nomen nudum. The species was referred to the genus Procam- barus on the basis of Erichson's (1846:99) state- ment, "Des zweite Glied am dritten und am vierten Beinpaar beim Mannchen mit einem hakenfor- migen Fortsatz." Only two crayfish genera are known to occur in Mexico, and, of the two, this statement could apply only to a member of the genus Procambarus. The Checklist Family ASTACIDAE Latreffle, 1802-1803 Genus Pacifastacus Bott Astacus.?Dana, 1852:522. Cambarus.?Girard, 1852:90. Cambrus Girard, 1852:90 [erroneous spelling]. Potamobius.?Ortmann, 1902:286. Pacifastacus Bott, 1950:24. [Type-species by original desig- nation, Astacus klamathensis Stimpson, 1857a:87. Gender: masculine.] Pasifastacus Sanders, 1967:33 [erroneous spelling]. Pacifastaculus Kamita, 1973:123 [erroneous spelling]. Pacifastacus chenoderma (Cope), new combination Astacus chenoderma Cope, 1871:606.?Rathbun, 1926:130, pi. 29: fig. 7; pis. 31-34. ?Astacus subgrundialis Cope, 1871:605. [Types not extant. Type-locality, "fresh water deposit in the Territory of Idaho, near Hot Springs Mountain."] ?Astacus breviforceps Cope, 1871:606. [Types not extant. Type-locality, same as that for Astacus chenoderma, see below.] TYPES.?Syntype, USNM 353343; other syntypes probably lost. TYPE-LOCALITY.?"Catherine's creek, Idaho." Ac- cording to an annotation in a reprint, this is "a local name for the upper part of Castle Creek, Owyhee County." A Pliocene deposit. RANGE.?Miocene and Pliocene deposits in Idaho and Oregon. REMARKS.?Rathbun (1926) redescribed and fig- ured Cope's A. chenoderma, suggesting that both A. breviforceps and A. subgrundialis are probable synonyms. Since the types are lost and accounts of specimens assignable to either have not appeared since Miss Rathbun's review of the species, I have followed her in including these species as probable synonyms of Pacifastacus chenoderma. The species is transferred to the genus Pacifastacus because the rostrum with as many as seven pairs of marginal spines is a feature foreign to members of the Eura- sian Astacidae but strongly resembles that of four members of the American astacid genus Pacifasta- cus: P. connectens, P. fortis, P. gambelii, and P. nigrescens. Pacifastacus connectens (Faxon) FIGURE 1 Astacus gambelii connectens Faxon, 1914:360, pi. 7: figs. 6, 10; pi. 10. Pacifastacus gambelii connectens.?Bott, 1950:24 [by impli- cation]. Pacifastacus gambeli connectens.?Riegel, 1959:43. Pacifastacus gambelii connectans.?Holt, 1960:61 [erroneous spelling]. Pacifastacus connectens.?Hobbs, 1972b:22, figs. 12d, 14a. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 23096 (3 $ , 9 ), MCZ 73285 ($). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Snake River, Upper Salmon Falls, Logan County, Idaho. RANGE.?Idaho and Oregon. HABITAT.?Streams. Pacifastacus fortis (Faxon) FIGURE 3 Astacus nigrescens fortis Faxon, 1914:360, pi. 7: figs. 5, 9; pi. 9: fig. 2. , Pacifastacus nigrescens fortis.?Bott, 1950:24 [by implication]. Pacifastacus fortis.?Hobbs, 1972b:23, figs. 13c, 14c. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 44404 ($ , 2 9), MCZ 7383 (3, 9). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Fall River, Fall City Mills, Shasta County, California. RANGE.?Known only from Shasta County, Cali- fornia. HABITAT Streams. Pacifastacus gambelii (Girard) FIGURE 2 Cambrus Gambelii Girard, 1852:90 [lapsus for Cambarus]. Cambarus Gambeli.?Hagen, 1870:31. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Astacus Gambeli Hagen, 1870:28. Astacus Gambelii.?Hagen, 1870:90, pi. 1: figs. 97, 98; pi. 3: fig. 170; pi. 11. Astacus (Astacus) Gambelii.?Faxon, 1884:152 [by implica- tion]. Astacus (Astacus) gambelii.?Faxon, 1898:666 by [implica- tion]. Potamobius (Potamobius) gambeli.?Ortmann, 1902:286 [by implication]. Astacus gambelii gambelii.?Faxon, 1914:360 [by implication]. Astacus gambelii Rathbun, 1926:133. Pacifastacus gambelii gambelii Bott, 1950:24 [by implica- tion]. Astacus gambeli.?Pennak, 1953:461. Pacifastacus gambelii.?Kozloff, 1955:156 Hobbs, 1972b:22, figs. 13a, 14b. Pacifastacus gambeli.?Riegel, 1959:29, 43-44, figs. 3c, 8. TYPES.?Syntypes, ANSP 1531 (10 + , mostly fragments), 1532 (5 specimens). TYPE-LOCALITY.?"California." RANGE.?Pacific slope and in the Missouri River drainage in California (?), Idaho, Montana, Ne- vada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. HABITAT.?Streams and lakes. Potamobius (Potamobius) leniusculus.?Ortmann, 1902:286 [by implication]. Potamobius leniusculus.?Roberts, 1944:363. Pacifastacus leniusculus.?Bott, 1950:24 [by implication] Riegel, 1959:39, figs. 1D-H, 3A, 6, 10. "Astacus" (Pacifastacus) leniusculus Brinck, 1968:85. Pacifastacus leniusculus leniusculus Hobbs, 1972b:21, figs. 12a, 14e. Pacifastaculus leniuscus.?Kamita, 1973:123 [erroneous spell- ings]. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 2019 {$), 2161 ($), 44408 (S). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Columbia River and Puget Sound, Washington. RANGE.?British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Introduced into Sweden (Svardson, 1965:92) and Japan (Kamita, 1970:140). HABITAT.?Streams and lakes. REMARKS.?Astacus leniusculus was placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, name number 2244, in Opinion 855 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1968:84). Pacifastacus leniusculus klamathensis (Stimpson) FIGURE 6 Astacus Klamathensis Stimpson, 1857a:87.?Hagen, 1870:93, pi. 3: fig. 169.?Faxon, 1885a:131, pi. 6: figs. 1, 2. Astacus (Astacus) Klamathensis.?Faxon, 1884:151 [by impli- cation]. Astacus klamathensis Faxon, 1890:634. Potamobius (Potamobius) klamathensis.?Ortmann, 1902:286. Pacifastacus klamathensis Bott, 1950:24 [by implication].? Riegel, 1959:41, figs. 3B, 7, 10. TYPES.?Not extant; "probably destroyed in the Chicago fire in 1871" (Faxon, 1914:409). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Lake Klamath, Klamath Coun- ty, Oregon. RANGE.?Washington south to central California. HABITAT.?Lakes and cold, swift streams. Pacifastacus leniusculus leniusculus (Dana) FIGURE 5 Astacus leniusculus Dana, 1852:522, 524; 1855, pi. 33: fig. la,b,?Hagen, 1870:94. Astacus laeviusculus.?Lockington, 1878:304 [erroneous spell- ing]- Astacus (Astacus) leniusculus.?Faxon, 1884:151 [by impli- cation]; 1885a: 132, pi. 6: fig. 4. Pacifastacus leniusculus trowbridgii (Stimpson) FIGURE 7 Astacus Trowbridgii Stimpson, 1857a:87; 1857b:493 Hagen, 1870:93, pi. 3: fig. 171; pi. 10. Astacus (Astacus) Trowbridgii Faxon, 1884:152 [by impli- cation]. Astacus (Astacus) trowbridgii Faxon, 1898:666 [by impli- cation]. Astacus trowbridgii.?Hay, 1899b:958. Potamobius (Potamobius) trowbridgei.?Ortmann, 1902:286 [by implication]. Pacifastacus trowbridgii Bott, 1950:24 [by implication].? Riegel, 1959:30, fig. lc-E.?Mason, 1970a:37, figs. 1-16; 1970b:969, figs. 1-7. Astacus trowbridgi.?Pennak, 1953:461. Astacus trowbridgei.?Pilgrim, 1960:249 [erroneous spelling]. Pacifastacus trowbridgeii Sanders, 1967:33 [erroneous spell- ing]- Pasifastacus trowbridgeii.?Sanders, 1967:33 [erroneous spell- ing]- Pacifastacus leniusculus trowbridgii.?Hobbs, 1972b:22, figs. 5a, 12b. Pacifastacus trowbridgi Goldman, 1973:106 [erroneous spell- ing] ? Pacifastaculus trowbridgii Kamita, 1973:123 [erroneous spelling]. TYPES.?Syntypes , U S N M 2080 ( 2 4 , 2 ? ) , MCZ 3510 (? ) , B S N H , P M . NUMBER 166 TYPE-LOCALITY.?Columbia River above Astoria, Oregon. RANGE.?British Columbia, California, Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Introduced into Japan (Kamita, 1970:148). HABITAT.?Streams and lakes. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Potosf, Nuevo Le6n, 23 km northwest of Galeana, Mexico. RANGE.?Known only from the type-locality. HABITAT.?"Colecta realizada en un deposito de agua de una cuenca cerrada, situada en la parte None de Valle Salado" (Villalobos, 1952:531). Padfastacus nigrescens (Stimpson) FIGURE 4 Astacus nigrescens Stimpson, 1857a:87; 1857b:492.?Hagen, 1870:92, pi. 3: fig. 168. Astacus (Astacus) nigrescens.?Faxon, 1884:152 [by implica- tion]. Astacus nigrescens nigrescens.?Faxon, 1914:360 [by implica- tion]. Potamobius (Potamobius) nigrescens.?Ortmann, 1902:286 [by implication]. Padfastacus nigrescens nigrescens. Bott, 1950:24 [by impli- cation]. Padfastacus nigrescens.?Riegel, 1959:44, figs. 3D, 9, 10.? Hobbs, 1972b:23, figs. 13b, 14d. Padfastacus nigresens.?Goldman, 1973:107 [erroneous spell- ing]- TYPES.?Not extant; "probably destroyed in Chi- cago fire in 1871" (Faxon, 1914:408). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Vicinity of San Francisco, Cali- fornia. RANGE.?Vicinity of San Francisco, California. HABITAT.?Streams. REMARKS.?This species is almost, if not already, extinct. Family CAMBARTOAE Hobbs, 1942 Subfamily CAMBARELLINAE Laguarda, 1961 Genus Cambarellus Ortmann Cambarellus Ortmann, 1905c: 106. [Type-species by original designation, Cambarus Montezumae Saussure, 1857a: 102. Gender: masculine.] Cambarella Carlisle and Knowles, 1959:50 [erroneous spelling]. Cambarellus alvarezi Villalobos FIGURE 14 Cambarellus alvarezi Villalobos, 1952:525, pi. 1: figs. 1-7; pi. 2: figs. 1-5?Hobbs, 1972b:27, fig. 15f. TYPES.?Holotype and morphotype, IBM 1-1952 ( i I, $ II); paratypes, USNM. Cambarellus areolatus (Faxon) FIGURE 16 Cambarus Montezumae var. areolata Faxon, 1885a: 123. Cambarus montezumae areolatus.?Faxon, 1898:661, pi. 66: fig. 2. Cambarus (Cambarellus) montezumae areolatus.?Ortmann, 1906a:23. Cambarellus montezumae areolatus.?Hobbs, 1942a:350 [by implication].?Villalobos, 1955:276. Cambarellus areolatus.?Hobbs, 1972b:27, figs. 16b, 17b. TYPES.?Syntypes, MCZ 3650 (, $ II); paratypes, MCZ, TU, J. F. Fitzpatrick, Jr. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Small creek, 6.8 miles south of junction of State Routes 15 and 12 on State Route 15, Choctaw County, Mississippi. RANGE.?Known only from the vicinity of the type-locality, tributaries to Pearl River. HABITAT.?Streams. Genus Orconectes Cope Astacus.?Rafinesque, 1817:42. Orconectes Cope, 1872:419. [Type-species by subsequent des- ignation (Fowler, 1912:339), Orconectes inermis Cope, 1872: 419. Gender: masculine.] Camtarus Packard, 1888:156 [erroneous spelling]. Camborus Williamson, 1899:47 [erroneous spelling]. Cambrus Price, 1900:155 [erroneous spelling]. Orconectis Harris, 1903:113 [erroneous spelling]. Faxonius Ortmann, 1905c:97. [Type-species by original desig- nation, Astacus limosus Rafinesque, 1817:42. Gender: mas- culine. Proposed as subgenus of Cambarus, elevated to generic rank by Creaser, 1933a: 1.] G[ambarus] Ortmann, 1905c: 112 [erroneous spelling]. Cambarrus Fleming, 1939:305 [erroneous spelTing]. Orconecctes Williams, 1952:330 [erroneous spelling]. Gambarus Croizat, 1958:908 [erroneous spelling]. Orconnectes Threinen, 1958:1 [erroneous spelling]. Camburus Bacescu, 1967:218 [erroneous spelling]. Orchonectes Dimond et al., 1968:760 [erroneous spelling]. Orconectus Ray and Stevens, 1970:58 [erroneous spelling]. Orconetes Avault, 1973:242 [erroneous spelling]. REMARKS.?Hobbs (1942a: 350) erroneously indi- cated that Orconectes inermis Cope was the type- species by monotypy. Cope (1872:419) stated that "The present genus embraces two species, O. inermis of the Wyandotte and the O. pellucidus of the Mammoth Cave." Orconectes acares Fitzpatrick FIGURE 132 Orconectes leptogonopodus acares Fitzpatrick, 1965:87, figs. A-J. Orconectes acares.?Hobbs, 1972b:94, fig. 74f. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 115517, 115518, 115519 ($ I, $, 4 I I ) ; paratypes, USNM, MCZ, TU. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Stream tributary to Ouachita River, 6 miles northwest of Mount Ida, Montgom- ery County, Arkansas. RANGE.?Tributaries of the Ouachita River in Garland, Hot Springs, Montgomery, Perry, Pike, Polk, and Saline counties, Arkansas. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes alabamensis (Faxon) FIGURE 166 Cambarus Alabamensis Faxon, 1884:125; 1885a: 104, pi. 4: fig. 4; pi. 10: figs. 3, 3', 3a, 3a'. Cambarus alabamensis.?Hay, 1899b:960. Cambarus (Faxonius) alabamensis Ortmann, 1905c: 112. Faxonius alabamensis Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) alabamensis.?Creaser, 1933b: 16 [by im- plication]. Orconectes alabamensis.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implica- tion].?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) alabamensis.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 4876 (14 31. 16 9, 4 $ II), MCZ 3565 (2 <$ I, 2 $ , 2$ II). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Second Creek, Waterloo, Lau- derdale County, Alabama. RANGE.?Known only from tributaries of the Tennessee River along the Alabama-Tennessee- Mississippi border. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes australis australis (Rhoades) FIGURE 97 Cambarus (Faxonius) pellucidus australis Rhoades, 1941b: 142, fig. 35A-F. Orconectes pellucidus australis.?Hobbs, 1942a:353; 1948a:20, figs. 6, 13.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) pellucidus australis.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. Orconectes PeZZuridus?Cooper and Poulson, 1968:130, fig. 8. Orconectes australis australis.?Hobbs and Barr, 1972:3, 11, figs. 2, 3, 5o-v, 6, 7, 8i-cc. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and "morphotype," USNM 79363, 79364, 79365 (<$ I, $, $U); para- types, RR, ANSP, Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist., L. Hubricht. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Shelta Cavern (SE14NE14 sec. 27, T. 3 S., R. 1 W.), north of Huntsville, Madi- son County, Alabama. NUMBER 166 27 RANGE.?Madison and Jackson counties, Ala- bama, north to middle Tennessee where it inter- grades with O. australis packardi. HABITAT.?Subterranean streams and pools. Orconectes australis packardi Rhoades FIGURE 98 Orconectes pellucidus packardi Rhoades, 1944a: 121, fig. 3a-f.?Hobbs, 1948a:20, figs. 8, 11 Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) pellucidus packardi.?Hobbs, 1959: 890 [by implication]. Orconectes pellucidus packardii.?Nicholas, 1960:133. Orconectes australis packardi.?Hobbs and Barr, 1972:4, 22, figs. 2, 4, 5a-n, 8a-h. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and "morphotype," USNM 81310, 81312, 81311 ($ I, $, $ II); para- types, MCZ, USNM, RR. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Cumberland Crystal Cave (Sloans Valley Cave), Alpine, Pulaski County, Ken- tucky. RANGE.?Pulaski and McCreary counties, Ken- tucky, and south to Tennessee where it intergrades with O. australis australis. HABITAT.?Subterranean streams. Orconectes barrenensis Rhoades FIGURE 139 Orconectes rusticus barrenensis Rhoades, 1944a: 125, fig. 6A-F.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) rus-ticus barrenensis.?Hobbs, 1959: 893 [by implication]. Faxonius rusticus barrenensis.?Creaser, 1962:2 [by implica- tion]. Orconectes rusticus barrensis Fitzpatrick, 1967a: 143 (er- roneous spelling]. Orconectes barrenensis.?Hobbs, 1972b:97, figs. 74h, 76b. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and "morphotype" (designated as allotype by Rhoades), USNM 81319, 81321,81320 ($ I, $, ^ II) ; paratypes, CM, MCZ, USNM, RR. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Barren River, Beech Bend, 2 miles north of Bowling Green, Warren County, Kentucky. RANGE.?Barren River drainage in Kentucky and Tennessee, and in the Green River system in Ken- tucky. HABITAT.?Swift streams. Orconectes bisectus Rhoades FIGURE 125 Orconectes bisectus Rhoades, 1944a: 129, fig. 7A-D Fitz- patrick, 1963:61 [by implication].?Prins and Fitzpatrick, 1965:141, figs. 1-12. Orconectes (Orconectes) bisectus.?Hobbs, 1959:890 [by im- plication]. Faxonius bisectus.?Creaser, 1962:2 [by implication]. TYPES.?Holotype and allotype, USNM 81322, 81323 (<$H, 9); paratypes, MCZ, RR. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Brushy Fork, 1 mile west of Repton, Crittenden County, Kentucky. RANGE.?Crooked Creek drainage in Crittenden County, Kentucky. HABITAT.?Medium-sized streams. Orconectes causeyi Jester FIGURE 163 Orconectes causeyi Jester, 1967:518, figs. 1-12 Reimer, 1969: 52, figs. 4, 10, 24, 37. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 115698, 115699, 115700 ($ I, $, i l l ) ; paratypes, USNM, TU. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Conchas Reservoir, 32 miles northwest of Tucumcari on State Route 104, San Miguel County, New Mexico. RANGE.?"New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, Okla- homa, Missouri, and Kansas" (Reimer, 1969). HABITAT.?Streams and impounded lakes. REMARKS.?This crayfish, insofar as I am able to determine, is indistinguishable from Orconectes virilis (Hagen). Until the relationships of these two species and O. nais (Faxon) become more ade- quately understood, the conservative recognition of the three seems advisable. Orconectes compressus (Faxon) FIGURE 169 Cambarus compressus Faxon, 1884:127; 1885a: 105, pi. 5: fig. 6; pi. 10: figs 2, 2', 2a, 2a'. Cambarus (Faxonius) compressus Ortmann, 1905c: 112. Faxonius compressus.?Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) compressus.?Creaser, 1933b: 16 [by im- plication]. Orconectes compressus.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implication]; 1949a: 17.?Fittpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Orconectes (Orconectes) compressus.- implication]. Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 4878 (11*1, 13$) , USNM 4879 (5 <$ I, 3 9 , $11), MCZ 3583 (3 $ I, 2 9 , $ II). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Second Creek, Waterloo, Lau- derdale County, Alabama. Restricted by Faxon (1914:419). RANGE.?Tributaries of the Tennessee River in Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee; tributaries of the Cumberland River in Tennessee and Ken- tucky; and tributaries of the Barren River in Ten- nessee and Kentucky. HABITAT.?Clear, rock- or gravel-bedded streams. Orconectes difficilis blacki Walls FIGURE 107 Orconectes difficilis blacki Walls, 1972:454, figs. 3A-E, 4A. TYPES.?Holotype, USNM 131255 ($1); para- types, USNM, MCZ, TU, J. B. Black, J. F. Fitz- patrick, Jr., and J. G. Walls. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Bearhead Creek, 4 miles south- west of Juanita on State Route 109, Beauregard Parish, Louisiana. RANGE.?Known only from six localities in Beau- regard and Calcasieu parishes, Louisiana, and inter- grading with O. d. hathawayi "in the Calcasieu River drainage of Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, and Vernon Parishes, Louisiana" (Walls, 1972: 455). HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes difficilis difficilis (Faxon) FIGURE 106 Cambarus difficilis Faxon, 1898:656, pi. 65: figs. 1-4. Cambarus (Faxonius) difficilis.?Ortmann, 1905c: 113. Faxonius difficilis.?Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) difficilis.?Creaser, 1933b: 16 [by impli- cation]. Cambarus difficulis.?Fleming, 1938:300 [erroneous spelling]. Orconectes difficilis.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implication]. Williams, 1954:898, figs. 217-224, 233.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) difficilis Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by im- plication]; 1959:892. Orconectes difficilis difficilis?Walk, 1972:456. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 19687 (9^1, 10 9, 5 $ II), MCZ 4359 ($1, 9 , $ II), Mus. Zool. To- rino. TYPE-LOCALITY.?McAlester, Pittsburg County, Oklahoma. RANGE.?Known from Pittsburg and Latimer counties, Oklahoma, Upshur County, Texas, to Washington County, Arkansas, southeastward to Louisiana (see Walls, 1972). HABITAT.?Rocky streams. Orconectes difficilis hathawayi Perm FIGURE 109 Orconectes (Orconectes) hathawayi Penn, 1952b: 1, figs. 1-14. Faxonius hathawayi Creaser, 1962:2 [by implication]. Orconectes hathawayi.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes difficilis hathawayi.?Walls, 1972:453. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 92998, 92999, 93000, ( $ I, 9 , 3 II); para- types, MCZ, CM, ANSP, USNM, AMNH, TU. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Spring Creek, 5.1 miles east of Hineston on State Route 85, Rapides Parish, Louisiana. RANGE.?Jackson and Rapides parishes south to Vermilion Parish, Louisiana; intergrading with O. d. blacki in the Calcasieu River system in Allen, Beauregard, Calcasieu, and Vernon parishes. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes difficilis maletae Walls FIGURE 108 Orconectes difficilis maletae Walls, 1972:456, figs. 2A-E, 4B. TYPES.?Holotype, USNM 131254 ($1); para- types, USNM, MCZ, TU, J. B. Black, J. F. Fitz- patrick, Jr., and J. G. Walls. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Bayou Santabarb " (third branch north of Kisatchie)" on State Route 117, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. RANGE.?Known from only seven localities in Natchitoches and Sabine parishes, Louisiana, and Upshur County, Texas. Specimens from Coal Coun- ty, Oklahoma, are interpreted as intergrades be- tween this and the nominate subspecies. HABITAT.?Streams (?). NUMBER 166 29 Orconectes erichsonianus (Faxon) FIGURE 123 Cambarus erichsonianus Faxon, 1898:659, pi. 64: figs. 7-12. Cambarus erichsoni.?Ortmann, 1905c: 109 [erroneous spell- ing]- Cambarus (Faxonius) erichsonianus.?Ortmann, 1905c: 112. Cambarus spinosus gulielmi Faxon, 1914:375. [Syntypes, USNM 26379 (6 $11, 6 $ , 4$juv.) , MCZ 7448 ($11, $ ) . Type-locality, stream from John Ross Spring, near Ross- ville, Walker County, Georgia.] Faxonius erichsonianus.?Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) erichsonianus.?Creaser, 1933b:7 [by implication]. Cambarus erichsonionus.?Fleming, 1938:299 [erroneous spell- ing]- Orconectes erichsonianus.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implica- tion].?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]; 1967a: 131, 147, figs. 2-18, 20. Orconectes (Orconectes) erichsonianus.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 20787 (3 41, 4$) , MCZ 4347 ($1 , 9, SlI). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Rip Roaring Fork, 5 miles northwest of Greeneville, Greene County, Ten- nessee. RANGE.?Tennessee, Elk, and Coosa river sys- tems in eastern Tennessee, northwestern Georgia, and northern Alabama. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes eupunctus Williams FIGURE 116 Orconecctes eupunctus Williams, 1952:330 [erroneous spelling of generic name]. Orconectes eupunctus Williams, 1952:334, 335, pi. 1: figs. 1-8; 1954:840, figs. 41-49.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) eupunctus.?Hobbs, 1959:894. Faxonius eupunctus.?Creaser, 1962:2 [by implication]. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and "morphotype," USNM 129200 ($1, 9, $11); paratypes, USNM, MCZ. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Eleven Point River at River- ton, Oregon County, Missouri. RANGE Spring River and Eleven Point drain- age systems in Arkansas and Missouri. HABITAT.?Clear, cold, rapid streams. Orconectes forceps (Faxon) FIGURE 137 Cambarus forceps Faxon, 1884:133; 1885a: 119, pi. 5: fig. 4; pi. 9: figs. 5, 5', 5a, 5a'. Cambarus (Faxonius) forceps.?Ortmann, 1905c: 112. Cambarus (Faxonius) rusticus forceps.?Ortmann, 1931:72. Faxonius forceps.?Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) forceps.?Creaser, 1933b: 10 [by impli- cation]. Orconectes rusticus forceps.?Hobbs, 1942a: 352 [by impli- cation].?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) rusticus forceps.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. Orconectes forceps.?Fitzpatrick, 1967a: 143.?Hobbs, 1972b: 98, figs. 77i, 80d. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 4880 (3 $ I, 4 9 ) , MCZ 3582 (si, 9). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Cypress Creek, Lauderdale County, Alabama. RANGE.?Tennessee River drainage, chiefly above Walden Gorge, from northern Alabama to south- western Virginia. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes harrisonii (Faxon) FIGURE 111 Cambarus Harrisonii Faxon, 1884:130; 1885a:94, pi. 3: fig. 1; pi. 9: figs. 9, 9'. Cambarus harrisonii.?Hay, 1899b:960. Cambarus harrisoni.?Ortmann, 1902:278. Cambarus (Faxonius) harrisoni.?Ortmann, 1905c:111. Faxonius harrisoni.?Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962: 2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) harrisoni.?Creaser, 1933b:21 [by impli- cation]. Faxonius harrisonii.?Creaser, 1934a: 1. Orconectes harrisoni.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) harrisoni.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. Orconectes harrisonii.?Williams, 1954:839, figs. 35?41.? Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. 3586 I, 5 9),TYPES.?Syntypes, MCZ USNM 25826 ( $ I, $). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Irondale, Washington County, Missouri. RANGE.?St. Genevieve and Washington coun- ties, Missouri. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes hobbsi Penn FIGURE 160 Orconectes hobbsi Penn, 1950c:381. figs. 1-10; 1959:18, figs. 32, 52, 68, 82.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Orconectes (Orconectes) hobbsi.?Hobbs, 1959:895. Faxonius hobbsi.?Creaser, 1962:2 [by implication]. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 90952, 90953, 90954 ($1, 9, $ II); para- types, MCZ, ANSP, USNM, TU, AMNH. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Headwater creek of Bayou La- combe at St. Tammany, 6 miles north of Lacombe on State Route 187, St. Tammany Parish, Louisi- ana. RANGE.?Lake Pontchartrain watershed in Loui- siana and Mississippi. HABITAT.?Rapidly flowing streams. Orconectes hylas (Faxon) FIGURE 134 Cambarus hylas Faxon, 1890:632. Cambarus (Faxonius) hylas.?Ortmann, 1905c: 112. Faxonius hylas Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) hylas.?Creaser, 1933b:21 [by implica- tion]. Orconectes hylas.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implication] Wil- liams, 1954:847, figs. 74-82.?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by im- plication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) hylas.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by im- plication]. TYPES.?Syntypes, MCZ 3858 (3 $ II, $ ), USNM 25827 ($11, $> ) . TYPE-LOCALITY.?West Fork of Black River, Reynolds County, Missouri. RANGE.?Tributaries of the Big and Black rivers in southeastern Missouri. HABITAT.?Streams. Orconectes illinoiensis Brown FIGURE 128 Orconectes illinoiensis Brown, 1956:163, figs. 1-9. Faxonius illinoiensis Creaser, 1962:2 [by implication]. Orconectes illinoisensis.?Hobbs and Fitzpatrick, 1962:207 [erroneous spelling].?Fitzpatrick, 1967a: 131, 149, figs. 2-18, 21. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 97997, 97998, 97999 (<$ I, $ , $ II); para- types, Max R. Matteson, Troy C. Dorris, USNM. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Cypress Creek, 3.25 miles south of Mount Pleasant, Union County, Illinois. RANGE.?Alexander, Gallatin, Hardin, Pope, and Union counties, Illinois. HABITAT?Streams. Orconectes immunis (Hagen) FIGURE 164 Cambarus immunis Hagen, 1870:71, pi. 1: figs. 101, 102; pi. 3: fig. 160; pi. 8: fig. b. Cambarus signifer Herrick, 1882:253, fig. 7. [Types, MCZ 3515 (2?$I, $ ) . Type-locality, Grass Lake, Richfield, Hennepin County, Minnesota.] Cambarus immunis spinirostris Faxon, 1884:146. [Types, USNM 4655 (6<$II, 8$) , MCZ 3562 (2 ?11, 2$) . Type- locality, Reelfoot Lake, Obion County, Tennessee.] Cambarus immunis immunis Faxon, 1884:146 [by implica- tion]. Cambarus immunis var. spinosiris Harris, 1901b: 115 [er- roneous spelling]. Cambarus rinmunis Steele, 1902:3 [erroneous spelling]. Cambarus (Faxonius) immunis.?Ortmann, 1905c:113. Faxonius immunis.?Williamson, 1907:749 [Faxonius intended as subgeneric name].?Creaser, 1933a:4; 1962:2. Faxonius (Faxonius) immunis immunis Creaser, 1933b:21 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) immunis pedianus Creaser, 1933b: 14. [Subgenus by implication. Holotype and allotype, USNM 98334, 98335 ($1, $ ) ; paratypes, USNM. Type-locality, reservoir at Englewood, Denver, Colorado.] Cambarus immunis Hagenianus.?Fleming, 1938:303 [lapsus for C. immunis Hagen]. Orconectes immunis immunis.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by im- plication]?Williams, 1954:890, figs. 200-208 Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes immunis pedianus.?Hobbs, 1942a:352. Orconectes (Orconectes) immunis immunis Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. Orconectes immunis.?Penn, 195Od:645. Orconnectes immunis Threinen, 1958:2 [erroneous spelling]. Orconectes (Orconectes) immunis.?Hobbs, 1959:894. Orchonectes immunis.?Dimond et al., 1968:760 [erroneous spelling of generic name]. TYPES.?Syntypes, MCZ 188 (2 $ I, 2 9 ). The "paratypes" of Faxon (1914:421), MCZ 3355, are dubious "types" because this number was not listed by Hagen (1870:73). The "paratype" said to be in MHNP could not be located. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Lawn Ridge, Marshall County, Illinois. RANGE.?Massachusetts to Wyoming and Ala- bama to Ontario. HABITAT.?Ponds, roadside ditches, and sluggish streams. Orconectes incomptus Hobbs and Barr FIGURE 99 Orconectes incomptus Hobbs and Barr, 1972:32, fig. 9. NUMBER 166 31 TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 130299, 130300, 130301 ($ I, 9, $ II); paratypes, USNM, H. H. Hobbs III. TYPE-LOCALITY.?Cherry Cave, lat. 36?28'09" N., long. 85?36'28" W., Jackson County, Tennessee. RANGE.?Known only from three localities in Jackson County, Tennessee. HABITAT.?Subterranean waters. Orconectes indianensis (Hay) FIGURE 105 Cambarus indianensis Hay, 1896:494, fig. 9. Cambarus (Faxonius) indianensis.?Ortmann, 1905c: 112. Faxonius indianensis.?Creaser, 1933a:3 [by implication]; 1962:2 [by implication]. Faxonius (Faxonius) indianensis.?Creaser, 1933b:21 [by im- plication]. Orconectes indianensis.?Hobbs, 1942a:352 [by implica- tion].?Fitzpatrick, 1963:61 [by implication]. Orconectes (Orconectes) indianensis.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 14624 (2*1, 2 9 ) , MCZ 3859 (2 3 I, 2 9 )? TYPE-LOCALITY.?Patoka River, Patoka, Gibson County, Indiana. RANGE.?Southern Illinois and Indiana. HABITAT.?Streams. westward to Crawford and Harrison counties, In- diana, where it intergrades with O. inermis testii. HABITAT.?Subterranean waters. Orconectes inermis testii (Hay) FIGURE 101 Cambarus peltucidus var. testii Hay, 1891:148. Cambarus pellucidus testii.?Hay, 1893:285. Cambarus pellucidus testi.?Hay, 1902a:233. Cambarus (Faxonius) pellucidus testi.?Ortmann, 1931:64 [by implication]. Orconectes pellucidus testii.?Hobbs, 1942a: 352 [by implica- tion]. Orconectes (Orconectes) pellucidus testii.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by implication]. Orconectes pellucidus inermis.?Rhoades, 1959:401 [in part]. Orconectes inermis testii.?Hobbs and Barr, 1972:4, 49, figs. 1, 11, 12a,b. TYPES.?Syntypes, USNM 17702 (2 ^ II, 9 ) , MCZ 7431 (3II , 9). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Mayfield's Cave, SW14NE14 SW14 sec. 26, T. 9 N., R. 2 W., Monroe County, Indiana. RANGE.?Monroe County, Indiana, intergrading immediately to the south with the typical sub- species. HABITAT.?Subterranean waters. Orconectes inermis inermis Cope FIGURE 100 Orconectes inermis Cope, 1872:419 Hobbs, 1948a:20, figs. 10, 14. Cambarus pellucidus inermis.?Faxon, 1885a:83 Packard, 1888:41. Cambarus pellucidus variety inermis.?Hay, 1893:284. Cambarus inermis.?Faxon, 1898:647. Orconectis inermis.?Harris, 1903:113 [erroneous spelling]. Orconectes (Orconectes) inermis.?Hobbs, 1942b: 154 [by im- plication]. Orconectes pellucidus inermis.?Rhoades, 1959:401 [in part]. Orconectes inermis inermis.?Hobbs and Barr, 1972:4, 36, figs. 1, 10, 12c-z, 13. TYPES.?Not extant. Topotypes, USNM 131405 (3 I, 9, $ II). TYPE-LOCALITY.?Wyandotte Cave, Indiana. Ac- tually Sibert's Well Cave, just below Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County, Indiana, according to Hobbs (1942a: 335). RANGE.?From Hart County, Kentucky, north- Orconectes iowaensis Fitzpatrick FIGURE 127 Orconectes species A Fitzpatrick, 1967a:150-151, 167, 168, 169, figs. 2-18, 27. Orconectes iowaensis Fitzpatrick, 1968:507, figs. 1-10. TYPES.?Holotype, allotype, and morphotype, USNM 117963, 117964, 117965 ($ I, 9, logy of New York or the New York Fauna, Part 6: Crustacea (70 pages, 13 plates). Part 1 of Natural History of New York. Albany: Carroll and Cook. Dimond, John B., and others 1968. Persistence of DDT in Crayfish in a Natural En- vironment. Ecology, 49(4): 759-762. Eberly, William R. 1955. Summary of the Distribution of Indiana Crayfishes, Including New State and County Records. Pro- 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 64: 281-283. 1958. Competition and Evolution in Cave Crayfishes of Southern Indiana. 7 pages. [Mimeographed.] Erichson, W. F. 1846. Uebersicht der Arten der Gattung Astacus. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 12(l):86-103. Fabricius, Johann C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae, Sistens Insectorum. Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus Observationibus. 832 pages. Flens- burgi et Lipsiae: Officina Libraria Kortii. 1798. Supplementum Entomologiae Systematicae. 572 pages. Hafniae: Proft et Storch. Fage, L. 1931. Crustaces Amphipodes et Decapodes. In Biospe- ologica, LVI. Campagne speologique de C. Bolivar et R. Jeannel dans l'Amerique du Nord (1928). Ar- chives de Zoologie Experimental et Generate, 71: 361-374, 21 figures. Faxon, Walter 1884. Descriptions of New Species of Cambarus, to which Is Added a Synonymical List of the Known Species of Cambarus and Astacus. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 20:107-158. 1885a. A Revision of the Astacidae, Part I. The Genera Cambarus and Astacus. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10(4): vi+186 pages, 10 plates. 1885b. Preliminary Catalogue of the Crayfishes of Kansas. Bulletin of the Washburn College Laboratory of Natural History, 1(4): 140-142. 1885c. A List of the Astacidae in the United States Na- tional Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 8(23): 356-361. 1889. Cambarus setosus Faxon. In Samuel Garman, Cave Animals from Southwestern Missouri. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 17(6):237, plate 1: figures 1-3, 7; plate 2: figure 1. 1890. Notes on North American Crayfishes, Family As- tacidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 12(785):619-634. 1898. Observations on the Astacidae in the United States National Museum and in the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, with Descriptions of New Species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 20(1136):643-?94, plates 62-70. 1912. Astacidae. In Mary J. Rathbun, Some Cuban Crustacea. Bulletin of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology at Harvard College, 54(15):458-459. 1914. Notes on the Crayfishes in the United States Na- tional Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology with Descriptions of New Species and Sub- species to which Is Applied a Catalogue of the Known Species and Subspecies. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Col- lege, 4O(8):351-427. 13 plates. Fitzpatrick, J. F., Jr. 1963. Geographic Variation in the Crawfish Faxonella clypeata (Hay) with the Definition and Defense of the Genus Faxonella Creaser (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, 10(l):57-79, 20 figures. 1965. A New Subspecies of the Crawfish Orconectes lep- togonopodus from the Ouachita River Drainage in Arkansas. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 12(3):87-91, figures A-J. 1966a. A New Crawfish of the Genus Orconectes from the Headwaters of the White River in Arkansas (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biologi- cal Society of Washington, 79:145-150, 10 figures. 1966b. A New Crawfish of the Subfamily Cambarinae from Oregon, U.S.A. (Decapoda, Astacidae.) Crustaceana, 11(2): 178-184, 17 figures. 1967a. The Propinquus Group of the Crawfish Genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Astacidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 67(3): 129-172, 27 figures. 1967b. A New Crawfish of the Cristatus Section of the Genus Cambarus from Mississippi (Decapoda, As- tacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 80(25): 163-168, 12 figures. 1968. A New Crawfish of the Genus Orconectes from Iowa. American Midland Naturalist, 79 (2):507-512, 10 figures. Fitzpatrick, J. F., Jr., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. 1971. A New Crawfish of the Spiculifer Group of the Genus Procambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae) from Central Mississippi. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(12):95-102, 14 figures. Fitzpatrick, J. F., Jr., and James F. Payne 1968. A New Genus and Species of Crawfish from the Southeastern United States (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 81(2):11-21, 12 figures. Fleming, Robert S. 1938-1939. The Larger Crustacea of the Nashville Region. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 13(4): 296-314, 7 plates (1938); 14(2):261-264, 2 plates (1939); 14(3):299-324, 12 plates (1939). Fowler, Henry W. 1912. The Crustacea of New Jersey. Pages 29-650, 150 plates, in Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum for 1911. Garman, H. 1920. A Little Known Subterranean Crayfish. Science, 52:42-43. Girard, Charles 1852. A Revision of the North American Astaci, with Observations on Their Habits and Geographical Distribution. Proceedings of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6:87-91. Goldman, Charles R. 1973. Ecology and Physiology of the California Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) in Relation to Its Suitability for Introduction into European Waters. Pages 106-120, 5 figures, in Sture Abrahamsson, editor, Freshwater Crayfish, Papers from the First NUMBER 166 71 International Symposium on Freshwater Crayfish, Austria 1972. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Hagen, Hermann A. 1870. Monograph of the North American Astacidae. Illus- trated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3: viii+109 pages, 11 plates. Hall, Edward Taylor, Jr. 1959. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from Ala- bama (Decapoda: Astacidae). Journal of the Ten- nessee Academy of Science, 34(4):221-225, 9 figures. Hama, Kiyoshi 1961. A Photoreceptor-Like Structure in the Ventral Nerve Cord of the Crayfish, Cambarus virilus. Anatomical Record, 140(4):329-336, 3 plates. Hand, Cadet 1954. A Blue Crayfish from California. California Fish and Game, 40(4):437-438. Harlan, R. 1830. Description of a New Species of the Genus Astacus. Transactions of the American Philosophical So- ciety, 3(15):464-465. Harris, J. Arthur 1900. Annotated Catalogue of the Crayfishes of Kansas. Kansas University Quarterly, 9(4):263-274. 1901. Annotated Catalogue of the Crayfishes of Kansas. [Abstract.] Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 17:115. 1903. An Ecological Catalogue of the Crayfishes Belonging to the Genus Cambarus. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 2(3):51-187, 5 plates. Hart, C. W., Jr. 1962. A Revision of the Ostracods of the Family En- tocytheridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, 114 (3): 121-147, 18 figures. Hay, William Perry 1891. The Crustacea of Indiana. Proceedings of the In- diana Academy of Science, 1891:147-150. 1893. Observations on the Blind Crayfishes of Indiana, with a Description of a New Subspecies; Cambarus pellucidus testii. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16(935):283-286, plates, 44, 45. 1896. The Crawfishes of the State of Indiana. Pages 475- 507, 15 figures, in 20th Annual Report of the De- partment of Geology and Natural Resources of Indiana. 1899a. Description of Two New Species of Crayfish. Pro- ceedings of the United States National Museum, 22(1187):121-123, 2 figures. 1899b. Synopses of North American Invertebrates, VI. The Astacidae of North America. American Naturalist, 33(396):957-966, 1 figure. 1902a. Observations on the Crustacean Fauna of the Re- gion about Mammoth Cave, Kentucky. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25(1285): 223-236, 1 figure. 1902b. Observations on the Crustacean Fauna of Nickajack Cave, Tennessee, and Vicinity. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25(1292):417-439, 8 figures. 1902c. On the Proper Application of the Name Cambarus carolinus Erichson. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 15:38. 1914. Cambarus bartonii carinirostris Hay. In Walter Faxon, Notes on the Crayfishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. . . . Memoirs of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology at Harvard College, 4.0(8):384-385. Herrick, C. L. 1882. Papers on the Crustacea of the Freshwaters of Minnesota, III. On Notadromas and Cambarus. Pages 252-254, figure 7, in 10th Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Min- nesota. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. 1937. Some Florida Crawfishes and Their Habitat Dis- tribution. [Abstract.] Proceedings of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 1:154. 1938a. A New Crayfish from Florida. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 28(2):6I-65, 11 figures. 1938b. Two New Crawfishes from Florida, Cambarus hub- belli and Cambarus acherontis pallidus. [Abstract.] Proceedings of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 2:90-91. 1940a. Seven New Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarus from Florida, with Notes on Other Species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 89(3097): 387-423, figures 14-22. 1940b. A New Crayfish from South Carolina. Charleston Museum Leaflet, 14:3-7, 10 figures. 1941a. A New Crayfish from San Luis Potosf, Mexico (Decapoda, Astacidae). Zoologica, 26(1): 1-4, 1 figure. 1941b. Three New Florida Crayfishes of the Subgenus Cambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae). American Mid- land Naturalist, 26(1): 110-121, 2 plates. 1942a. A Generic Revision of the Crayfishes of the Sub- family Cambarinae (Decapoda, Astacidae) with the Description of a New Genus and Species. American Midland Naturalist, 28(2): 334-357, 3 plates. 1942b. The Crayfishes of Florida. University of Florida Publications, Biological Science Series, 3(2): v + 179 pages, 24 plates. 1942c. On the First Pleopod of the Male Cambari (Deca- poda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Florida Acad- emy of Sciences, 1940, 5:55-61, 2 plates. 1943a. Two New Crayfishes from the Panhandle of Florida (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 6(l):49-58, 32 figures. 1943b. Two New Crayfishes of the Genus Procambarus from Mexico (Decapoda, Astacidae). Lloydia, 6: 198-206, 2 plates. 1944. [Identification of crayfishes.] In C. Clayton Hoff, New American Species of the Ostracod Genus En- tocythere. American Midland Naturalist, 32(2): 327-357, 31 figures. 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 1945a. The Subspecies and Intergrades of the Florida Bur- rowing Crayfish, Procambarus rogersi (Hobbs). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 1952a. 35(8):247-26O, 34 figures. 1945b. Two New Species of Crayfishes of the Genus Cam- barellus from the Gulf Coastal States, with a Key to the Species of the Genus (Decapoda, Astacidae). 1952b. American Midland Naturalist, 34 (2):466-474, 26 figures. 1947a. Two New Crayfishes of the Genus Procambarus from Georgia, with Notes on Procambarus pubescens (Faxon) (Decapoda, Astacidae). Quarterly Journal 1952c. of the Florida Academy of Science, 9(1): 1-18, 32 figures. 1947b. A Key to the Crayfishes of the Pictus Subgroup of the Genus Procambarus, with the Description of a 1953a. New Species from South Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae). Florida Entomologist, 30(3):25-31, 12 figures. 1948a. On the Crayfishes of the Limosus Section of the 1953b. Genus Orconectes (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 38(1): 14-21, 28 figures. 1948b. Two New Crayfishes of the Genus Orconectes from Arkansas, with a Key to the Species of the Hylas 1953c. Group (Decapoda, Astacidae). American Midland Naturalist, 39(1): 139-150, 30 figures. 1948c. A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes from Southern Tennessee (Decapoda, Astacidae). Pro- 1954. ceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 61(15):85-91, 9 figures. 1948d. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from Texas, with Notes on the Distribution of Cambarus 1955a. fodiens (Cottle). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 98(3230):223-231, figure 17. 1949a. A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes from the 1955b. Nashville Basin in Tennessee, with Notes on the Range of Orconectes compressus (Faxon) (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 62 (7): 17-24, 10 figures. 1956a. 1949b. [Identifications of crayfishes.] In Perry C. Holt, A Comparative Study of the Reproductive Systems of Xironogiton instabilius instabilius Moore and Cam- barincola philadelphica Leidy (Annelida, Oligo- 1956b. chaeta, Branchiobdellidae). Journal of Morphology, 84(3):535-571, 27 figures. 1950a. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarellus from Texas (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the 1956c. Biological Society of Washington, 63(18):89-96, 17 figures. 1950b. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Oklahoma and Arkansas (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 1958a. 40(6): 194-198, 12 figures. 1951a. A New Crayfish of the Genus Orconectes from Southeastern Virginia (Decapoda, Astacidae). Vir- 1958b. ginia Journal of Science, 2 (2): 122-128, 10 figures. 1951b. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Louisiana with a Key to the Species of the Spiculifer 1958c. Group. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 41(8): 272-276, 11 figures. A New Crayfish from Alabama, with Notes on Procambarus lecontei (Hagen). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 102(3297):209-219, figures 81, 82. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Georgia with a Key to the Species of the Clarkii Subgroup (Decapoda, Astacidae). Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 15(3): 165-174, 14 figures. A New Albinistic Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from Southern Missouri with a Key to the Albinistic Species of the Genus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Ameri- can Midland Naturalist, 48 (3):689-693, 8 figures. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Alabama and Florida (Decapoda, Astacidae). Pro- ceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 66(22): 173-178, plate 9. On the Ranges of Certain Crayfishes of the Spiculifer Group of the Genus Procambarus, with the Descrip- tion of a New Species (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43(12):412-417, 13 figures. Two New Crayfishes from the Highland Rim in Tennessee (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 28(l):2O-27, 18 figures. A New Crayfish from the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia (Decapoda, Astacidae). Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 17(2): 110-118, 13 figures. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from Mis- sissippi. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 68(15):95-IOO, 11 figures. Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere from the New River System in North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Transactions of the American Micro- scopical Society, 74(4):325-333, 10 figures. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from South Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 46(4): 117-121, 17 figures. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from North Carolina and South Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 72(l):61-67, 11 figures. A New Crayfish of the Extraneus Section of the Genus Cambarus with a Key to the Species of the Section (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 69(18): 115-121, 11 figures. Two New Crayfishes of the Genus Procambarus from South Carolina. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 48(5): 160-168, 24 figures. Two New Crayfishes of the Genus Procambarus from South Carolina and Georgia. Notulae Naturae, 307: 10 pages, 26 figures. The Evolutionary History of the Pictus Group of NUMBER 166 73 the Crayfish Genus Procambarus (Decapoda, As- tacidae). Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 21(1):71-91, 20 figures. 1959. Pages 883-901, figures 31.18-31.41, in W. T. Ed- mondson, Fresh-Water Biology. Second edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1962a. Notes on the Affinities of the Members of the Blandingii Section of the Crayfish Genus Pro- cambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, 9(5):273-293, 72 figures. 1962b. La Presencia de Procambarus clarkii (Girard) en los Estados de Chihuahua y Sonora, Mexico (Decapoda, Astacidae). Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Uni- versidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 33(1, 2): 273-276, 9 figures. 1964. A New Cave-Dwelling Crayfish from the Greenbrier Drainage System, West Virginia (Decapoda, As- tacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 77(21): 189-194, 10 figures. 1965. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from Ten- nessee with an Emended Definition of the Genus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biologi- cal Society of Washington, 78(33):265-273, 12 figures. 1966a. A New Crayfish from Alabama with Observations on the Cristatus Section of the Genus Cambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 79(15): 109-116, 10 figures. 1966b. An Illustrated Key to the Species of the Genus Ankylocythere with a Description of a New Species from Louisiana (Ostracoda, Entocytheridae). Pro- ceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 29: 67-75, 18 figures. 1967a. The Current Status of the Crayfishes Listed by Girard (1852) in His "A Revision of the North American Astaci. . . ." Crustaceana, (12)2:124-132. 1967b. A New Crayfish from Alabama Caves with Notes on the Origin of the Genera Orconectes and Cambarus (Decapoda: Astacidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123(3621): 1-17, 21 figures. 1968a. Two New Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarus from Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee (Decapoda, As- tacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 81(31):261-274, 22 figures. 1968b. Crustacea: Malacostraca. Pages K1-K36, 32 figures, in Fred K. Parrish, Keys to Water Quality Indica- tive Organisms (Southeastern United States). Fed- eral Water Pollution Control Administration, De- partment of the Interior. 1969a. Procambarus villalobosi, un Nuevo Cambarino dc San Luis Potosi, Mexico (Decapoda, Astacidae). Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, 38(l):41-46, 11 figures. 1969b. On the Distribution and Phylogcny of the Cray- fish Genus Cambarus. In Perry C. Holt, Richard L. Hoffman, and C. Willard Hart, Jr., The Distribu- tional History of the Biota of the Southern Appa- lachians, Part I: Invertebrates. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Research Division Monograph, 1:93-178, 20 figures. 1969c. Two New Species of the Crayfish Genus Procam- barus (Decapoda, Astacidae) with Keys to the Mem- bers of the Spiculifer Group. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83 (24):329-348, 38 figures. 1970a. A New Crayfish from the Nashville Basin, Ten- nessee. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83(14): 161-169, 1 figure. 1970b. New Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarus from Ten- nessee and Georgia (Decapoda, Astacidae). Pro- ceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83(23): 241-259, 4 figures. 1971a. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Mississippi (Decapoda: Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83(40): 459- 468, 1 figure. 1971b. New Crayfishes of the Genus Procambarus from Alabama and Texas (Decapoda, Astacidae). Pro- ceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(ll):81-94, 2 figures. 1971c. A New Troglobitic Crayfish from Florida. Quar- terly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 34(2): 114-124, 19 figures. 1971d. The Entocytherid Ostracods of Mexico and Cuba. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 81: 55 pages, 31 figures. 1972a. The Subgenera of the Crayfish Genus Procambarus (Decapoda: Astacidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 117: 22 pages, 20 figures. 1972b. Crayfishes (Astacidae) of North and Middle America, Identification Manual 9, x + 173 pages, 115 figures. In Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Water Pollution Research Control Series. 1974. Synopsis of the Families and Genera of Crayfishes (Crustacea, Decapoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 164: 32 pages, 27 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Thomas C. Barr, Jr. 1960. The Origins and Affinities of the Troglobitic Cray- fishes of North America (Decapoda, Astacidae), I. The Genus Cambarus. American Midland Natur- alist, 64(1): 12-33, 57 figures. 1972. Origins and Affinities of the Troglobitic Crayfishes of North America (Decapoda: Astacidae), II. Genus Orconectes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 105: 84 pages, 16 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and M. S. Bedinger 1964. A New Troglobitic Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae) from Arkansas with a Note on the Range of Cambarus cryptodytes Hobbs. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 77(3):9-15, 11 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Raymond W. Bouchard 1973. A New Crayfish from the Cumberland River Sys- tem with Notes on Cambarus carolinus (Erichson). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 86(5):41-68, 4 figures. 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Martha R. Cooper 1972. A New Troglobitic Crayfish from Oklahoma (De- capoda: Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85(3):49-56, 1 figure. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and J. F. Fitzpatrick, Jr. 1962. A New Crayfish of the Propinquus Group of the Genus Orconectes from the Ohio Drainage System in West Virginia (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceed- ings of the Biological Society of Washington, 75 (30): 207-214, 15 figures. 1970. A New Crayfish of the Genus Falticambarus from Tennessee (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82(64):829- 836, 12 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Edward T. Hall, Jr. 1969. New Crayfishes from Georgia (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82(21):281-294, 24 figures. 1972. A New Crayfish from the Tallapoosa River in Georgia (Decapoda: Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85(12): 151-161, 1 figure. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and C. W. Hart, Jr. 1959. The Freshwater Decapod Crustaceans of the Apa- lachicola Drainage System in Florida, Southern Alabama, and Georgia. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, 4(5): 145-191, 39 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and H. H. Hobbs III 1962. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from Georgia (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 75(5):41-45, 10 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., Perry C. Holt, and Margaret Walton 1967. The Crayfishes and Their Epizootic Ostracod and Branchiobdellid Associates of the Mountain Lake, Virginia, Region. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 123(3602): 1-84, 22 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Lewis J. Marchand 1943. A Contribution toward a Knowledge of the Cray- fishes of the Reelfoot Lake Area. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 18(l):6-35, 27 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and D. Bruce Means 1972. Two New Troglobitic Crayfishes (Decapoda, As- tacidae) from Florida. Proceedings of the Biologi- cal Society of Washington, 84 (46): 393-409, 2 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Frank O. Perkins 1967. A New Burrowing Crayfish from North Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biologi- cal Society of Washington, 80(21);141-146, 11 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Charles S. Shoup 1947. Two New Crayfishes (Decapoda, Astacidae) from the Obey River Drainage in Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 22(2): 138-145, 22 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Alejandro Villalobos 1964. Los Cambarinos de Cuba. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mex- ico, 34(12): 307-366, 50 figures. Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Margaret Walton 1957. Three New Crayfishes from Alabama and Missis- sippi (Decapoda: Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, 5(3):39-52, 34 figures. 1958. Procambarus pearsei plumimanus, a New Crayfish from North Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 74(1):7-12, 13 figures. 1959. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Alabama (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 72(10):39-44, 12 figures. 1960. A New Crayfish of the Genus Procambarus from Southern Alabama (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceed- ings of the Biological Society of Washington, 73(20): 123-129, 11 figures. 1966. Orconectes Juvenils (Hagen) in Mountain Lake, Virginia: an Unplanned Experiment in Interspecific Competition (Decapoda, Astacidae). Virginia Jour- nal of Science, 17(3):136-14O. Hobbs III, H. H. 1971. New Entocytherid Ostracods of the Genera Anky- locythere and Dactylocythere. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(17): 137-146, 2 figures. Hoff, C. Clayton 1943. Two New Ostracods of the Genus Entocythere and Records of Previously Described Species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 33(9):276- 286, 2 figures. Holt, Perry C. 1954. A New Branchiobdellid of the Genus Cambarincola (Oligochaeta, Branchiobdellidae) from Virginia. Virginia Journal of Science, 5(3): 168-172, 5 figures. 1960. The Genus Ceratodrilus Hall (Branchiobdellidae, Oligochaeta), with the Description of a New Species. Virginia Journal of Science, ll(2):53-77, 16 figures. Holthuis, L. B. 1964. On the Status of the Two Allegedly European Cray- fishes, Cambarus typhlobius Joseph, 1880, and Aus- tropotamobius pallipes bispinosus Karaman, 1961 (Decapoda, Astacidae). Crustaceana, 7 (l):42-48, plate 3. Hovey, Horace C. 1882. Celebrated American Caverns, Especially Mammoth, Wyandot, and Luray, together with Historical, Sci- entific and Descriptive Notices of Caves and Grot- toes in other Lands; with Maps and Illustrations. xii + 288 pages, illustrated. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke and Company. Huntsman, A. G. 1915. The Fresh-Water Malacostraca of Ontario. Con- tributions to Canadian Biology, 1911-1914:145-163, 13 figures. Huxley, Thomas H. 1879. On the Classification and the Distribution of the Crayfishes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1878:751-788, 7 figures. NUMBER 166 75 Jackson, George F. 1942. Animal Life of Caverns. Bulletin of the National Speleological Society, 4:3-7. James, Hugo A. 1966. Range and Variations of Subspecies of Cambarus longulus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 119(3544): 1-24, 2 figures, 1 plate. Jester, Douglas B. 1967. A New Crawfish of the Genus Orconectes from New Mexico (Decapoda, Astacidae). American Mid- land Naturalist, 77(2):518-524, 12 figures. Joseph, Gustav 1880. Demonstration eines neuen zur Familie der As- taciden gehorenden blinden Grottenkrebses aus Krain. Schlesische gesellschaft fur vaterldndische kultur, Breslau. Jahresbericht, 57:202. 1881. Erfahrungen im wissenschaftlichen Sammeln und Beobachten der den Krainer Trofsteingrotten eigenen Arthropoden. Berliner entomologische zeitschrift, 25:233-282. 1882. Systematisches Verzcichniss der in der Tropfstein- Grotten von Krain einheimischen Arthropoden nebst Diagnosen der vom Verfasser entdeckten und bisher noch nicht beschriebenen Arten. Schluss der Abhandl.; Erfahrungen im wissenschaftlichen Sammeln und Beobachten der den Krainer Tropfsteingrottcn eigenen Arthropoden. Berliner entomologische zeitschrift, 26:1-50. Kamita, Tsuncichi 1970. Studies on the Fresh-Water Shrimps, Prawns and Crawfishes of Japan. 213 pages. Matsue. 1973. Crayfishes Brought to Japan from Mexico. Zoologi- cal Magazine (Dobutsugaku Zasshi), 83(2): 123-126, 4 figures. Kozloff, Eugene N. 1955. Two New Species of Entocy there (Ostracoda: Cytheridae) Commensal on Pacifastacus Gambelii (Girard). American Midland Naturalist, 53(1): 156-161, 24 figures. Laguarda, Alfredo 1961. Contribucion al Estudio Com para tivo de la Formula Branquial en la Familia Astacidae (Crustacea: De- capoda). 74 pages, 22 plates. Facultad de Ciencias, Departmento dc Biologia, Univcrsidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Latreille, P. A. 1802-1803. Histoire Naturelle, General el Particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. 387 pages, plates 16-37. Paris: F. Dufart. LeConte, John 1856. Descriptions of New Species of Astactts from Geor- gia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia, 7:400-402. Lockington, W. N. 1878. Remarks upon the Thalassinidea and Astacidae of the Pacific Coast of North America, with Descrip- tion of a New Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 2(10):299-304. Lonnberg, Einar 1895. Cambarids from Florida. Bihang Till Koniglische Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 20(4): 3-14, figures l-5b. Lyle, Clay 1938. The Crawfishes of Mississippi, with Special Ref- erence to the Biology and Control of Destructive Species. [Abstract.] Iowa State College Journal of Science, 13:75-77. Marlow, Guy 1960. The Subspecies of Cambarus diogenes. American Midland Naturalist, 64(l):229-250, 8 figures. Martens, Eduard von 1872. Ueber Cubanesche Crustacean?nach den Samtn- lungen Dr. J. Grundlach's. Archiv fur Naturges- chichte, Berlin, 38:77-147, plates 4, 5. Mason, John C. 1970a. Egg-Laying in the Western North American Cray- fish, Pacifastacus trowbridgii (Stimpson) (Decapoda, Astacidae). Crustaceana, 19 (1):37?44, 16 figures. 1970b. Copulatory Behavior of the Crayfish, Pacifastacus trowbridgii (Stimpson). Canadian Journal of Zool- ogy, 48(5):969-976, 7 figures. Meek, S. E. 1894. A New Cambarus from Arkansas. American Naiur- alist, 28(336): 1042-1043, 4 figures. Meredith, W. G., and F. J. Schwartz 1960. Maryland Crayfishes. Maryland Department of Research and Education, Educational Series, 46: 32 pages, 17 figures. Merkle, E. Lynn 1969. Home Range of Crayfish Orconectes juiienalis. American Midland Naturalist, 81(l):228-235, 5 fig- ures. Metcalf, Maynard M. 1929. Parasites and the Aid They Give in Problems of Taxonomy, Geographical Distribution, and Paleo- geography. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 81(8): 1-36, 3 figures. Mobberly, William C, Jr. 1963. Hormonal and Environmental Regulation of the Molting Cycle in the Crayfish Faxonella clypeata. Tulane Studies in Zoology, ll(3):79-96, 9 figures. Mocnkhatis, W. J. 1904. An Extra Pair of Appendages Modified for Copula- tory Purposes in Cambarus I'iridis. Indiana Uni- irrsity Science Bulletin, 1:17-18, 2 figures. Nicholas, Brother G. 1960. Checklist of Macroscopic Troglobitic Organisms of the United States. American Midland Naturalist, 64(1): 123-160. Olivier, G. A. 1791. ftcrevisse. Astacus. Pages 327-349 in Histoire Nat- urelle des Insectes, Encyclopedic Methodique . . . , Zoology, volume 6. Paris and Liege. Ortmann, A. E. 1892. Die Decapoden-Krebsc des Strassburger Muse- um. . . . Zoologischen Jahrbiichern, 6:1-58, 1 plate. 1902. The Geographical Distribution of Fresh-Water De- 76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY capods and Its Bearing upon Ancient Geography. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 41 (171):267-400, 8 figures. 1905a. The Crawfishes of Western Pennsylvania. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 3(2):387-406. 1905b. A New Species of Cambarus from Louisiana. Ohio Naturalist, 6(2):401-4O3, 1 figure. 1905c. The Mutual Affinities of the Species of the Genus Cambarus, and Their Dispersal over the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 44(180):91-136, plate 3. 1905d. Procambarus, a New Subgenus of the Genus Cam- barus. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 3(3):435- 442, 3 figures. 1906a. Mexican, Central American and Cuban Cambari. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sci- ences, 8:1-24, 4 figures. 1906b. The Crawfishes of the State of Pennsylvania. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 2(10): iv +343- 523, plates A, B, 39-43. 1909. Une ?crevisse nouvelle du Mexique, Cambarus (Cambarus) bouvieri nov. sp. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, new series, 7:159-166, 4 figures. 1913. A New Species of the Genus Cambarus from the Isle of Pines. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 8(3-4):414-417. 1931. Crawfishes of the Southern Appalachians and the Cumberland Plateau. Annals of the Carnegie Mu- seum, 20 (2):61-160. Osborn, R. C, and E. B. Williamson 1898. The Crayfish of Ohio. Sixth Annual Report of the Ohio State Academy of Science, page 21. Packard, A. S., Jr. 1880. Fossil Crawfish from the Tertiaries of Wyoming. American Naturalist, 14(3):222-223. 1881a. A Fossil Tertiary Crayfish. American Naiuralist, 15(10):832-834, 2 figures. 1881b. On a Crayfish from the Lower Tertiary Beds of Western Wyoming. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey, 6(2):391-397, 2 figures. 1888. The Cave Fauna of North America, with Remarks on the Anatomy of the Brain and Origin of the Blind Species. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, 4:3-156, 21 figures, 27 plates. Padgett, Allen 1970. Georgia Cave Fauna. Georgia Speleological Society Bulletin, 1970:19-20. Parks, Hal B., Clay Smith, and Jack Garrett 1939. The East Texas Crayfish and Lepidopterous Insects. Technical Bulletin of Stephen F. Austin State Teachers College, 1(5):2. Pearse, A. S. 1911. Report on the Crustacea Collected by the Univer- sity of Michigan-Walker Expedition in the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 13th Report of the Michigan Academy of Science, pages 108-113, 4 figures. Penn, George Henry, Jr. 1939. The Type Locality of the Crawfish (Faxonius lanci- fer). American Midland Naturalist, 22 (1):215. 1941. Preliminary Report of a Survey of the Crawfishes of Louisiana. Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Eighty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the New Orleans Academy of Sciences, page 8. 1942. Observations on the Biology of the Dwarf Crawfish, Cambarellus shufeldtii (Faxon). American Midland Naturalist, 28(3):644-647, 1 figure. 1946. A New Crawfish of the Genus Procambarus from Louisiana (Decapoda: Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 36(l):27-29, 1 figure. 1950a. A New Crawfish of the Genus Orconectes from Louisiana (Decapoda: Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 40(5): 166-169, 9 figures. 1950b. The Genus Cambarellus in Louisiana (Decapoda, Astacidae). American Midland Naturalist, 44(2): 421-426, 1 figure. 1950c. A New Orconectes from the Pontchartrain Water- shed in Louisiana and Mississippi (Decapoda: As- tacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 40(11):381-384, 10 figures. 1950d. Utilization of Crawfishes by Cold-Blooded Verte- brates in the Eastern United States. American Midland Naturalist, 44(3):643-658, 3 figures. 1952a. The Genus Orconectes in Louisiana (Decapoda, Astacidae). American Midland Naiuralist, 47(3): 743-748. 1952b. A New Crawfish of the Viritis Section of the Genus Orconectes (Decapoda, Astacidae). Natural His- tory Miscellanea, 109: 7 pages, 14 figures. 1953a. A New Crawfish of the Genus Procambarus from Louisiana and Arkansas (Decapoda: Astacidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 43(5): 163-166, 12 figures. 1953b. A Redescription of the Crawfish Procambarus hinei (Ortmann) (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, l(5):63-68, 15 figures. 1953c. A New Burrowing Crawfish of the Genus Procam- barus from Louisiana and Mississippi (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane S-tudies in Zoology, 1 (6):71-76, 12 figures. 1953d. Two New Crawfishes of the Genus Procambarus from Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas (Decapoda, Astacidae). American Museum Novitates, 1636: 10 pages, 19 figures. 1953e. Classification. In Mel Washburn, Percy Viosca, Jr., and George Henry Penn, All About Crawfish. Louisiana Conservationist, 5(6):2-7, illustrated. 1955. A New Cambarus of the Diogenes Section from North Louisiana (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, 3(4):73-81, 13 figures. 1956. A New Crawfish of the Genus Procambarus from Arkansas (Crustacea, Astacidae). Lloydia, 19(2): 109-119, 17 figures. NUMBER 166 77 1957. Variation and Subspecies of the Crawfish Orconectes palmen. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 5(10):231-262, 30 figures. 1959. An Illustrated Key to the Crawfishes of Louisiana, with a Summary of Their Distribution within the State (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, 7(l):3-20, 86 figures. 1962. A New Crawfish of the Hinei Section of the Genus Procambarus (Decapoda, Astacidae). Crustaceana, 3(3):222-226, 11 figures. 1963. A New Crawfish from the Hatchie River in Missis- sippi and Tennessee (Decapoda, Astacidae). Pro- ceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 76(15): 121-125, 10 figures. Penn, George Henry, Jr., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. 1958. A Contribution toward a Knowledge of the Cray- fishes of Texas (Decapoda, Astacidae). Texas Jour- nal of Science, 10(4):452-483, 68 figures. Penn, George Henry, Jr., and Guy Marlow 1959. The Genus Cambarus in Louisiana. American Mid- land Naturalist, 61(1): 191-203, 14 figures. Pennak, Robert W. 1953. Fresh-Water Invertebrates of the United Staies. ix + 769 pages, 470 figures. New York: The Ronald Press Company. Pilgrim, R. L. C. 1960. Muscle Receptor Organs in Some Decapod Crus- tacea. Comparative Biochemical Physiology, 1: 248-257, 3 figures. Price, F. M. 1900. The Eyes of Cambarus pellucidus [title, without text, of a paper presented to the Academy], Pro- ceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1899: 155. Prins, Rudolph 1968. A New Crayfish of the Genus Cambarus from North Carolina (Decapoda, Astacidae). Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 84 (4):458-461, 11 figures. Prins, Rudolph, and Joseph F. Fitzpatrick, Jr. 1965. The First-Form Male of Orconectes bisectus Rhoades, a Poorly Known Kentucky Crawfish. American Midland Naturalist, 74(1):141-147, 12 figures. Prins, Rudolph, and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. 1972. A New Crayfish of the Subgenus Punciicambarus from the Savannah River Drainage with Notes on Cambarus (P.) reburrus Prins (Decapoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(47):411-420, 1 figure. Rabe, Felix 1890. La question de Vecrevisse. 86 pages, 11 figures. Sezanne: H. Patoux. Rafinesque, C. S. 1817. Synopsis of Four New Genera and Ten New Species of Crustacea, Found in the United States. Ameri- can Monthly Magazine and Critical Revue, 2:40-43. Randall, J. W. 1840. Catalogue of the Crustacea Brought by Thomas Nuttall and J. K. Townsend, from the West Coast of North America and the Sandwich Islands. . . . Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 3(1): 106-147, 5 plates. Rathbun, Mary J. 1926. The Fossil Stalk-Eyed Crustacea of the Pacific Slope of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 138: vii+155 pages, 6 figures, 39 plates. Ray, Johnny, and Verl Stevens 1970. Using Baytex to Control Crayfish in Ponds. Pro- gressive Fish-Culturist, 33:58-69. Reimer, Rollin DeWayne 1966. Two New Species of the Genus Cambarus from Arkansas (Decapoda, Astacidae). Tulane Studies in Zoology, 13(1):9-15, 18 figures. 1969. A Report on the Crawfishes (Decapoda, Astacidae) of Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Acad- emy of Sciences, 48:49-65, 46 figures. Rhoades, Rendell 1941a. The Distribution of Cambarus sloani Bundy, in Ohio. Ohio Journal of Science, 41(2):93-98, 6 fig- ures. 1941b. Notes on Some Crayfishes from Alabama Caves, with the Description of a New Species and a New Sub- species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 91(3129): 141-148, figures 35, 36. 1944a. The Crayfishes of Kentucky, with Notes on Varia- tion, Distribution and Descriptions of New Species and Subspecies. American Midland Naturalist, 31(1): 111-149, 10 figures. 1944b. Further Studies on Distribution and Taxonomy of Ohio Crayfishes and the Description of a New Sub- species. Ohio Journal of Science, 44 (2):95-99. 1959. A Review of the Status of Orconectes inermis Cope and a Suggested Nomenclatural Change. American Midland Naturalist, 61 (2):399-402. Riegel, J. A. 1959. The Systematics and Distribution of Crayfishes in California. California Fish and Game, 45(l):29-50, 10 figures. Roberts, Tilden W. 1944. Light, Eyestalk Chemical, and Certain Other Fac- tors as Regulators of Community Activity for the Crayfish Cambarus virilis Hagen. Ecological Mono- graphs, 14 (4): 350-392, 21 figures. Sanders, Robert R. 1967. Alphabetical Synopsis of the Crayfish Pasifastacus trowbridgeii (Stimpson). Carolina Tips, 30(9):3S, 1 figure. Saussurc, Henri de 1857a. Note carcinologique sur la famille des Thalassides et sur celle des Astacides. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Applique'e, series 2, 9:99-102. 1857b. Diagnoses de quelques crustaces nouveaux de I'Amerique tropicale. Revue et Magasin de Zoolo- gie Pure ei Appliquee, series 2, 9:501-505. 1858. Memoire sur divers crustaces nouveaux des Antilles 78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY et du Mexique. Memoires de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 14:417-496, 6 plates. Say, Thomas 1817. An Account of the Crustacea of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1(6): 165-169. Shufeldt, R. W. 1898. Some Observations on Crayfish. Shooting and Fish- ing (December 29), 25(11):227. Skorikov, A. S. 1908. Contributions a la classification des Potamobiidae d'Europe et d'Asie. Annuaire de Musee Zoologique de I'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Peters- bourg, 12:115-118. [1907, in Russian.] Spoor, W. A. 1955. Loss and Gain of Heat-Tolerance by the Crayfish. Biological Bulletin, 108(l):77-87, 2 figures. Steele, Mary 1902. The Crayfish of Missouri. University of Cincinnati Bulletin, series 2, 2(10): 1-54, 6 plates. Stevenson, J. Ross 1967. Lack of Correlation of Some Growth and Develop- mental Processes in the Crayfish. [Abstract.] Ameri- can Zoologist, 7(2):208. Stimpson, William 1857a. Notices of New Species of Crustacea of Western North America; Being an Abstract from a Paper to be Published in the Journal of the Society. Pro- ceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6 (6): 84-89. 1857b. On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of North America, Part I. Crustacea. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6\4):444-532. Streets, Thomas H. 1877. Description of Cambarus couesi, New Species of Crawfish from Dakota. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey, 3:803-804. Svardson, Gunnar 1965. The American Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) Introduced into Sweden. Institute of Fresh- water Research, Drottningholm, report 46:90-94, 1 figure. Tellkampf, Theodor A. 1844a. Ausfliig nach der Mammuthhohle in Kentucky. Das Ausland, 168:671-672; 169:675-676; 170:679-680; 171:683-684; 172:687-688; 173:691-692; 174:695-696; 175:699-700. 1844b. Ueber den blinden Fisch der Mammuthhohle in Kentucky, mit Bemerkungen iibcr cinige andere in dieser Hohle lebende Thiere. Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin, Heft IV, pages 381-394, plate 9. 1845. Memoirs on the Blind Fishes and Some Other Ani- mals Living in the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. New York Journal of Medicine and Collateral Science, July 1845:84-93, 1 plate. Thompson, David H. 1967. A Comparison of Visual Acuity between Cave and Epigeal Crayfish. The Wisconsin Speleologist, 6(3-4):46-54. Threincn, C. W. I9">8. Wisconsin Crayfish. Wisconsin Conservation Bulle- tin, 23(7): 1-3. Underwood, Lucien M. 1886. List of the Described Species of Fresh Water Crus- tacea from America, North of Mexico. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 2(5): 323-386. Unestam, Torgny 1969. Resistance to the Crayfish Plague in Some Ameri- can, Japanese and European Crayfishes. Institute of Freshwater Research, Drottningholm, report 49: 202-209. Van Straelen, Victor 1942. A propos de la distribution des ecrevisses, des homards et des crabes d'eau douce. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 18(56): 1-11. Villalobos, Alejandro 1943. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, I. Observa- ciones sobre Cambarellus Montezumne (Saussure) y Algunas de sus Formas con Descripci6n de una Subspecie Nueva. Anales del Institute) de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 14(2): 587-611, 2 plates. 1944a. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, II. Dos Especies Nucvas del Genero Paracambarus. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 15(1): 161-174, 2 plates. 1944b. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, III. Una Especie Nueva de Procambarus, Procambarus ca- balleroi n. sp. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 15(1): 175-184, 2 plates. 1946. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, IV. Con- sideraciones Acerca de la Posici6n Sistematica y Redescripci6n de Procambarus digueti (Bouvier) y Procambarus bouvieri (Ortmann). Anales del In- stituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 17(l,2):215-230, 2 plates. 1947a. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, V. Rede- scripci6n de Paracambarus paradoxus (Ort.) y De- scripci6n de una Especie Nueva del Mismo Genero. Anales del Instiiuto de Biologia, Universidad Na- cional Autonoma de Mexico, 18(l):233-247, 3 plates. 1947b. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, VI. Descrip- ci6n de una Nueva Especie del Genero Paracam- barus. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universi- dad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 18 (2):537-546, 2 plates. 1948. Fstudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, VII. De- scripci6n de una Nueva Especie del Genero Pro- cambarus, Procambarus acanthophorus n. sp. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 19(1): 175-182, 2 plates. 1949. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, VIII. De- scripci6n de una Nueva Especie del Genero Para- NUMBER 166 79 cambarus. Anales del Instituto de Iiiologia, Uni- versidad National Autonoma de Mexico, 20(1,2): 331-339, 2 plates. 1950. Contribution al Estudio dc los Cambarinos Mexi- canos, IX. Estudio Taxonomico dc un Grupo de Especies del Genero Procambarus. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad National Au- tonoma de Mexico, 21 (2):367-413, 11 plates. 1952. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mcxicanos, X. Una Nucva Especie del Genero Cambarellus del Estado de Nuevo Lc6n. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico, 22(2): 525-532, 2 plates. 1953. Distribution Geografica y Notas Ecol6gicas dc los Cambarinos Mcxicanos. Memoria del Congreso Cientifico Mexicano, VII. Ciencias Biologicas, IV Centenario de la Universidad de Mexico, 7:343- 374, 5 figures. 1954a. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mcxicanos, XI. Una Nueva Subspecie de Procambarus simulans del Estado de Nuevo Lc6n. Anales del Instiluto de Biologia, Universidad National Autonoma de Mex- ico, 25(l,2):289-298, 2 plates. 1954b. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mexicanos, XII, Parte 1. Revisi6n de la Especie Afines a Procambarus mexicanus (Erichson), con Descripci6n de Nuevas Formas. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universi- dad National Autonoma de Mexico, 25(I,2):299- 379, 19 plates. 1955. Cambarinos de la Fauna Mexicana. (Crustacea De- capoda). xvi + 290 pages, 62 plates. Tesis, Facultad de Ciencias. Univcrsidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico. 1958. Estudios de los Cambarinos Mcxicanos, XIII. Dc- scripci6n de una Nueva Especie de Cambarino del Estado de Veracruz (Crustacea, Decapoda). Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Unwersidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 28(l,2):279-288, 3 plates. Walls, Jerry G. 1968. A New Faxonella from Northeast Louisiana (De- capoda, Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 81(4I):413-418, 9 figures. 1972. Three New Crawfishes Related to Orconectes diffi- cilis (Faxon) (Decapoda: Astacidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(53):449- 458, 4 figures. Walls, Jerry G., and Joe B. Black 1967. New Variations and Records of the Crawfish Pro- cambarus jaculus Hobbs (Crustacea, Decapoda, As- tacidae). Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 30:60-62. Williams, Austin B. 1952. Six New Crayfishes of the Genus Orconectes (De- capoda: Astacidae) from Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 55(2):330-351, 48 figures. 1954. Spcciation and Distribution of the Crayfishes of the Ozark Plateaus and Ouachita Provinces. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 36(12): 803-918, 253 figures. Williamson, E. B. 1899. Notes on Ohio Astacidae. Pages 47-48 in Seventh Annual Report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. 1907. Notes on the Crayfish of Wells County, Indiana, with Description of New Species. 31st Annual Re- port of the Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indiana, 1906:749-763, plate 35. FIGURES 1-294 EXPLANATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS All of the illustrations except Figure \4d, which was redrawn from Villalobos (1952:527), were made from camera lucida drawings sketched during the prepara- tion of this manuscript. The lettering utilized in Figure 1 also applies to Figures 2 through 7; that in Figure 8, to Figures 9 through 169; and that in Figure 170, to Figures 171 through 294. FIGURES 1-7.?a, dorsal view of carapace of male; b, mesial view of first pleopod of male; c, lateral view of same; d, dorsal view of chela of male. FIGURES 8-88 and 92-169 a, dorsal view of carapace of male, form I; b, mesial view of first pleopod of male, form I; c, lateral view ;of same; d, lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II; e, annulus ventralis; /, dorsal view of chela of male, form I. FIGURES 89-91 Same as in Figure 8 except c and d are caudal views of first pleopods of first- and second-form males, respectively. FIGURES 170-196 and 200-294 a, dorsal view of carapace of male, form I; b, lateral view of first pleopod of male, form I; c, lateral view of tip of same; d, mesial view of tip of same; e, lateral view of first pleopod of male, form II; /, annulus ventralis; g, dorsal view of chela of male, form I. FIGURFS 197-199.?Same as in Figure 170 except c is caudal view of tip of first pleopod of male, form I. NUMBER 166 81 2. Pacifastacus gambelii 4. Pacifastacus nigrescens b V c V? d 1. Pacifastacus connectens 3. Pacifastacus fortis 5. Pacifastacus leniusculus leniusculus r 1* 6. Pacifastacus leniusculus klamathensis 7. Pacifastacus leniusculus trowbridgii FIGURES 1-7 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 8. Cambarellus shufeldtii 9. Cambarellus schmitti 10. Cambarellus puer 11. Cambarellus ninae FIGURES 8-11 NUMBER 166 83 12. Cambarellus diminutus 13. Cambarellus occidentalis 14. Cambarellus alvarezi 15. Cambarellus chapalanus FICURES 12-15 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 16. Cambarellus areolatus 17. Cambarellus montezumae 18. Cambarellus patzcuarensis 19. Cambarellus zempoalensis FICURES 16-19 NUMBER 166 85 20. Barbicambarus cornutus 21. Cambarus (Aviticambarus) hamulatus 22. Cambarus (Aviticambarus) jonesi 23. Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii bartonii FIGURES 20-23 86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 24. Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii carinirostris 25. Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii cavatus 26. Cambarus (Cambarus) howardi / s 27. Cambarus (Cambarus) sciotensis FIGURES 24-27 NUMBER 166 87 28. Cambarus (Cambarus) ortmanni 29. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) halli 30. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) englishi 31. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) obstipus FICURES 28-31 88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 32. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) jordani 33. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) latimanus 34. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) floridanus 35. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) sphenoides FIGURES 32-35 NUMBER 166 89 36. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) catagius 37. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) cymatilis 38. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) striatus 39. Cambarus (Depressicambarus) reduncus FICURES 36-39 90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 40. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) hubbsi 41. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) rusticiformis 42. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) hubrichti 43. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) tenebrosus FICURES 40-43 NUMBER 166 91 44. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) cahni 45. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) ornatus 46. Cambarus (Erebicambarus) laevis a ^ 47. Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) girardianus FIGURES 44-47 92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 48. Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) longirostris 49. Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) longulus 50. Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) chasmodactylus 51. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) bouchardi FICURES 48-51 NUMBER 166 93 52. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) obeyensis 53. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) distorts 54. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) unestami 55. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) parvoculus FIGURES 52-55 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 56. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) conasaugaensis 57. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) asperimanus 58. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) brachydactylus 59. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) friaufi FICURES 56-59 NUMBER 166 95 60. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) dubius 61. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) monongalensis 62. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) carolinus 63. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) gentryi FICURES 60-63 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 64. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) crytodytes 65. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) causeyi 66. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) setosus 67. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) zophonastes FICURES 64-67 NUMBER 166 97 68. Cambarus (Jugicambarus) tartarus 69. Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes diogenes 70. Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes ludovicianus 71. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) extraneus FIGURES 68-71 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 72. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) spicatus 73. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) nerterius 74. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) acuminatus 75. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) chaugaensis FIGURES 72-75 NUMBER 166 99 76. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) reburrus 77. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) robustus 78. Cambarus (Puncticambarus) veteranus A J ".?>??:? - ? - ? ? / ? 79. Cambarus (Veticambarus) pristinus FIGURES 76-79 100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 80. Fallicambarus macneesei 81. Fallicambarus strawni 82. Fallicambarus fodiens 83. Fallicambarus hedgpethi FIGURES 80-83 NUMBER 166 101 84. Fallicambarus uhleri 85. Fallicambarus hortoni 86. Fallicambarus oryktes 87. Fallicambarus byersi FIGURES 84-87 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 88. Fallicambarus dissitus 89. Faxonella clypeata 90. Faxonella creaseri 91. Faxonella beveri FIGURES 88-91 NUMBER 166 103 92. Hobbseus orconectoides 93. Hobbseus cristatus 94. Hobbseus prominens 95. Hobbseus attenuatus FICURES 92-95 104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 96. Hobbseus valleculus 97. Orconectes australis australis [ \ 98. Orconectes australis packardi II 99. Orconectes incomptus FICURES 96-99 NUMBER 166 105 r u 100. Orconectes inermis inermis 101. Orconectes inermis testii 102. Orconectes pellucidus \ f ?t d 170. Procambarus (Acucauda) fitzpatricki 171. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) vazquezae FIGURES 168-171 NUMBER 166 123 172. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) aztecus 173. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) mexicanus 174. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) rodriguezi 175. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) veracruzanus FICURES 172-175 124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY r 176. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) mirandai 177. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) ruthveni ruthveni 178. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) ruthveni zapoapensis 11 179. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) williamsoni FICURES 176-179 NUMBER 166 125 180. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) acanthophorus 181. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi 182. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) pilosimanus Li li 183. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) atkinsoni FICURES 180-183 126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 184. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) cubensis rivalis 185. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) cubensis cubensis unknown 186. Procambarus (Austrocambarus) niveus ; j m 187. Procambarus (Capillicambarus) hinei FICURES 184-187 NUMBER 166 127 188. Procambarus (Capillicambarus) incilis 189. Procambarus (Girardiella) tulanei 190. Procambarus (Girardiella) simulans simulans 191. Procambarus (Girardiella) simulans regiomontanus FICURES 188-191 128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 192. Procambarus (Girardiella) hagenianus 193. Procambarus (Girardiella) gracilis 194. Procambarus (Hagenides) advena 195. Procambarus (Hagenides) geodytes FICURES 192-195 NUMBER 166 129 196. Procambarus (Hagenides) pygmaeus 197. Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi ocklocknensis 198. Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi campestris 199. Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi expletus FIGURES 196-199 130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 200. Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi rogersi 201. Procambarus (Hagenides) truculentus 202. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) alleni 203. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) milleri unknown FIGURES 200-203 NUMBER 166 131 204. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) barbatus 205. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) latipleurum 206. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) apalachicolae 207. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) econfinae FICI-RFS 204-207 132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 208. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) escambiensis 209. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) pubischelae 210. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) rathbunae 211. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) capillatus FIGURES 208-211 NUMBER 166 133 212. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) kilbyi 213. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) hubbelli 214. Procambarus (Leconticambarus) shermani 215. Procambarus (Lonnbergius) acherontis FICURES 212-215 134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 216. Procambarus (Mexicambarus) bouvieri 217. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pictus 218. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) enoplosternum 219. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) chacei FIGURES 216-219 NUMBER 166 135 220. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) epicyrtus 221. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) litosternum 222. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lepidodactylus 223. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pubescens FIGURES 220-223 136 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 224. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) hirsutus 225. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) youngi unknown unknown 226. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) angustatus 227. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lucifugus alachua FIGURES 224-227 NUMBER 166 137 228. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lucifugus lucifugus 229. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pallidus 230. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) horsti 231. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) orcinus FICURES 22&-231 138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 232. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) seminolae 233. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) ancylus 234. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lunzi 235. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) fallax FIGURES 232-235 NUMBER 166 139 236. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) leonensis 237. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) evermanni 238. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pycnogonopodus 239. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) blandingii FICURES 236-239 140 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 240. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) acutus acutus 241. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) acutus cuevachicae 242. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) texanus 243. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lecontei FICURES 240-243 NUMBER 166 141 244. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) hayi 245. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lophotus 246. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) acutissimus 247. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) verrucosus FICURES 244-247 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 248. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) jaculus 249. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) hybus 250. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) planirostris 251. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) mancus FICURES 248-251 NUMBER 166 143 252. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pearsei plumimanus 253. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pearsei pearsei 254. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lewisi 255. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) bivittatus FIGURES 252-255 144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 256. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) viaeviridis 257. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) caballeroi unknown 258. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) villalobosi 259. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) toltecae \ I FIGURES 256-259 NUMBER 166 260. Procambarus (Ortmannicus) gonopodocristatus 261. Procambarus (Paracambarus) ortmannii 262. Procambarus (Paracambarus) paradoxus unknown 263. Procambarus (Pennides) suttkusi FIGURES 260-263 146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 264. Procambarus (Pennides) natchitochae 265. Procambarus (Pennides) ablusus 266. Procambarus (Pennides) elegans 7\ r 267. Procambarus (Pennides) versutus FICURES 264-267 NUMBER 166 268. Procambarus (Pennides) lylei 269. Procambarus (Pennides) echinatus 270. Procambarus (Pennides) dupratzi 271. Procambarus (Pennides) vioscai FICURES 268-271 148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 272. Procambarus (Pennides) penni 273. Procambarus (Pennides) lagniappe 274. Procambarus (Pennides) spiculifer 275. Procambarus (Pennides) gibbus '' FIGURES 272-275 NUMBER 166 149 276. Procambarus (Pennides) ouachitae 277. Procambarus (Pennides) raneyi 278. Procambarus (Procambarus) digueti a n 279. Procambarus (Remoticambarus) pecki FICURES 276-279 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 280. Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) paeninsulanus 281. Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) howellae 282. Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) okaloosae 283. Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) clarkii FIGURES 280-283 NUMBER 166 151 284. Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) troglodytes 285. Procambarus (Tenuicambarus) tenuis 286. Procambarus (Villalobosus) riojai 287. Procambarus (Villalobosus) hoffmanni FIGURES 284-287 152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 288. Procambarus (Villalobosus) erichsoni 289. Procambarus (Villalobosus) contrerasi 290. Procambarus (Villalobosus) hortonhobbsi 291. Procambarus (Villalobosus) zihuateutlensis FIGURES 288-291 NUMBER 166 292. Procambarus (Villalobosus) teziutlanensis 293. Procambarus (Villalobosus) tlapacoyanensis 294. Troglocambarus maclanei FICURES 292-294 Index (This index covers current valid names, nomina nuda, and synonyms; misspellings and com- binations not presently in use are excluded) ablusus, Procambarus (Pennides), 62, 146 (fig. 265) acanthophorus, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 43-44, 125 (fig. 180) acares, Orconectes, 26, 113 (fig. 132) acherontis, Procambarus, 52 Procambarus (Lonnbergius), 52, 133 (fig. 215) Acucauda, subgenus, 3, 43 acuminatus, Cambarus (Puncticambarus), 20-21, 98 (fig. 74) acutissimus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 53, 141 (fig. 246) acutus acutus, Procambarus, 37 Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 53, 140 (fig. 240) acutus cuevachicae, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 53-54, 140 (fig. 241) acutus, Procambarus acutus, 37 advena, Astacus, 48 Procambarus (Hagenides), 48, 128 (fig. 194) affinis, Astacus, 33 alabamensis, Orconectes, 26, 121 (fig. 166) alachua, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) lucifugus, 58, 136 (fig. 227) alleni, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 49-50, 130 (fig. 202) alvarezi, Cambarellus, 7, 83 (fig. 14) ancylus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 54, 138 (fig. 233) angustatus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 54, 136 (fig. 226) apalachicolae, Procambarus (Leconticambarus) , 50, 131 (fig. 206) areolatus, Cambarellus, 7, 84 (fig. 16) argillicola, Cambarus, 23 asperimanus, Cambarus bartonii, 16 Cambarus (Jugicambarus) , 16, 94 (fig. 57) Astaci, 2 Astacidae, 2, 3, 5 Astacidea, 3 Astacoidea, 3 Astacus, 2, 3 advena, 48 affinis, 33 Bartonii, 3, 10 Blandingii, 3, 53, 54 breviforceps, 5 ciliaris, 10 fossarum, 66 fossor, 20 klamathensis, 5, 6 latimanus, 12, 13 limosus, 26, 33 maniculatus, 66 oreganus, 4 penicillatus, 50 pusillus, 10 subgrundialis, 5 Astacus, subgenus, 3 atkinsoni, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 44, 125 (fig. 183) Atlantoastacus, subgenus, 3 attenuatus, Hobbseus, 25, 103 (fig. 95) australis australis, Orconectes, 26-27, 104 (fig. 97) australis packardi, Orconectes, 27, 104 (fig. 98) Austrocambarus, subgenus, 3, 43 Austropotamobius, 3 Austropotamobius, subgenus, 3 Aviticambarus, subgenus, 3, 10 ayersii, Cambarus, 19 aztecus, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) , 44, 123 (fig. 172) barbatus, Cambarus, 49, 50 Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 50, 131 (fig. 204) Barbicambarus, 3, 9 cornutus, 9, 85 (fig. 20) Barbicambarus, subgenus, 3 barrenensis, Orconectes, 27, 114 (fig. 139) bartoni tenebrosus, Cambarus, 14, 15 bartonii asperimanus, Cambarus, 16 Bartonii, Astacus, 3, 10 bartonii, Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii, 10-11, 85 (fig. 23) carinirostris, Cambarus (Cambarus), 11, 86 (fig. 24) cavatus, Cambarus (Cambarus), 11, 86 (fig. 25) spinirostris, Cambarus, 16 Bartonius, subgenus, 3 baumgartneri, Cambarus, 48 beyeri, Faxonella, 24, 102 (fig. 91) bisectus, Orconectes, 27, 111 (fig. 125) bivittatus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 54, 143 (fig. 255) blacki, Orconectes difficilis, 28, 106 (fig. 107) Blandingii, Astacus, 3, 53, 54 blandingii, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 54, 139 (fig. 239) bouchardi, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 17, 92 (fig. 51) bouvieri, Cambarus (Cambarus), 52, 53 Procambarus (Mexicambarus), 53, 134 (fig. 216) brachydactylus, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 17, 94 (fig. 58) breviforceps, Astacus, 5 brevis, Orconectes meeki, 34, 119 (fig. 156) byersi, Fallicambarus, 22-23, 101 (fig. 87) caballeroi, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 54-55, 144 (fig. 257) cahni, Cambarus (Erebicambarus), 14, 91 (fig. 44) Cambarellinae, 4, 7 Cambarellus, 3, 4, 7 alvarezi, 7, 83 (fig. 14) 154 NUMBER 166 155 areolatus, 7, 84 (fig. 16) chapalanus, 7, 83 (fig. 15) diminutus, 7-8, 83 (fig. 12) montezumae, 8, 84 (fig. 17) montezumae lermensis, 8 ninae, 8, 82 (fig. 11) occidentalis, 8, 83 (fig. 13) patzcuarensis, 8, 84 (fig. 18) puer, 4, 8-9, 82 (fig. 10) schmitti, 9, 82 (fig. 9) shufeldtii, 9, 82 (fig. 8) zempoalensis, 9, 84 (fig. 19) Cambarellus, subgenus, 3 Cambaridae, 3, 4, 7 Cambarinae, 3, 9 Cambaroides, 4 Cambaroidinae, 4 Cambarus, 2, 3, 4, 10 argillicola, 23 (Aviticambarus) hamulatus, 10, 85 (fig. 21) (Aviticambarus) jonesi, 10, 85 (fig. 22) ayersii, 19 barbatus, 49, 50 bartoni tenebrosus, 14, 15 bartonii asperimanus, 16 bartonii spinirostris, 16 baumgartneri, 48 (Cambarus) bartonii bartonii, 10-11, 85 (fig. 23) (Cambarus) bartonii carinirostris, 11, 86 (fig. 24) (Cambarus) bartonii cavatus, 11, 86 (fig. 25) (Cambarus) bouvieri, 52, 53 (Cambarus) hinei, 46 (Cambarus) howardi, 11, 86 (fig. 26) (Cambarus) lobdelli, 4 (Cambarus) ortmanni, 11-12, 87 (fig. 28) (Cambarus) sciotensis, 12, 86 (fig. 27) carinatus, 64 clarkii paeninsulanus, 65 clypeatus, 3, 24 coecus, 37, 38 consobrinus, 44 couesi, 42 cristatus, 25 debilis, 42 (Depressicambarus) catagius, 12, 89 (fig. 36) (Depressicambarus) cymatilis, 12, 89 (fig. 37) (Depressicambarus) englishi, 12, 87 (fig. 30) (Depressicambarus) floridanus, 12, 88 (fig. 34) (Depressicambarus) halli, 13, 87 (fig. 29) (Depressicambarus) jordani, 13, 88 (fig. 32) (Depressicambarus) latimanus, 13, 88 (fig. 33) (Depressicambarus) obstipus, 13. 87 (fig. 31) (Depressicambarus) reduncus, 13, 89 (fig. 39) (Depressicambarus) sphenoides, 13-14, 88 (fig. 35) (Depressicambarus) striatus, 14, 89 (fig. 38) digueti, 64 diogenes, 20 (Erebicambarus) cahni, 14, 91 (fig. 44) (Erebicambarus) hubbsi, 14, 90 (fig. 40) Cambarus?continued (Erebicambarus) hubrichti, 14, 90 (fig. 42) (Erebicambarus) laevis, 15, 91 (fig. 46) (Erebicambarus) ornatus, 15, 91 (fig. 45) (Erebicambarus) rusticiformis, 15, 90 (fig. 41) (Erebicambarus) tenebrosus, 15, 90 (fig. 43) erichsoni, 29 extraneus, 20, 21 faxonii, 32 (Faxonius) creaseri, 4 gallinus, 47 (Girardiella) hagenianus carri, 4 (Cirardiella) hagenianus evansi, 4 (Girardiella) hagenianus forestae, 4 gracilis, 47 graysoni, 14 (Hiaticambarus) chasmodactylus, 15, 92 (fig. 50) (Hiaticambarus) girardianus, 16, 91 (fig. 47) (Hiaticambarus) longirostris, 16, 92 (fig. 48) (Hiaticambarus) longulus, 16, 92 (fig. 49) immunis spinirostris, 30 (Jugicambarus) asperimanus, 16, 94 (fig. 57) (Jugicambarus) bouchardi, 17, 92 (fig. 51) (Jugicambarus) brachydactylus, 17, 94 (fig. 58) (Jugicambarus) carolinus, 17, 95 (fig. 62) (Jugicambarus) causeyi, 17, 96 (fig. 65) (Jugicambarus) conasaugaensis, 17, 94 (fig. 56) (Jugicambarus) cryptodytes, 18, 96 (fig. 64) (Jugicambarus) distans, 18, 93 (fig. 53) (Jugicambarus) dubius, 18, 95 (fig. 60) (Jugicambarus) friaufi, 18, 94 (fig. 59) (Jugicambarus) gentryi, 18, 95 (fig. 63) (Jugicambarus) monongalensis, 18-19, 95 (fig. 61) (Jugicambarus) obeyensis, 19, 93 (fig. 52) (Jugicambarus) parvoculus, 19, 93 (fig. 55) (Jugicambarus) setosus, 19, 96 (fig. 66) (Jugicambarus) tartarus, 19, 97 (fig. 68) (Jugicambarus) unestami, 19-20, 93 (fig. 54) (Jugicambarus) zophonastes, 20, 96 (fig. 67) (Lacunicambarus) diogenes diogenes, 20, 97 (fig. 69) (Lacunicambarus) diogenes ludovicianus, 20, 97 (fig. 70) longulus, 15, 16 lucifugus, 4 montanus, 10 Montezumae, 7, 8 montezumae dugesii, 8 Montezumae var. tridens, 8 nebrascensis, 20 obesus, 20 (Ortmannicus) cookae, 4 (Ortmannicus) evictus, 4 (Paracambarus) harnedi, 43 (Paracambarus) paradoxus, 61 Pealei, 33 penicillatus, 50, 54 pilosus, 35 primaevus, 4 pristinus, 22 (Puncticambarus) acuminatus, 20-21, 98 (fig. 74) 156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Cambarus?continued (Puncticambarus) chaugaensis, 21, 98 (fig. 75) (Puncticambarus) extraneus, 21, 97 (fig. 71) (Puncticambarus) nerterius, 21, 98 (fig. 73) (Puncticambarus) reburrus, 21, 99 (fig. 76) (Puncticambarus) robustus, 21-22, 99 (fig. 77) (Puncticambarus) spicatus, 22, 98 (fig. 72) (Puncticambarus) veteranus, 22, 99 (fig. 78) schmittii, 4, 8 signifer, 30 spinosus gulielmi, 29 strawni, 22, 24 stygius, 37, 38, 53 typhlobius, 37 (Veticambarus) pristinus, 22, 99 (fig. 79) whitmani, 33 wisconsinensis, 42 Cambarus, subgenus, 3, 10 campestris, Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi, 49, 129 (fig. 198) capillatus, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 50, 132 (fig. 211) Capillicambarus, subgenus, 3, 46 carinatus, Cambarus, 64 carinirostris, Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii, 11, 86 (fig. 24) carolinus, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 17, 95 (fig. 62) carri, Cambarus (Girardiella) hagenianus, 4 catagius, Cambarus (Depressicambarus) , 12, 89 (fig. 36) causcyi, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 17, 96 (fig. 65) Orconectes, 27, 120 (fig. 163) cavatus, Cambarus (Cambarus) bartonii, 11, 86 (fig. 25) chacei, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 55, 134 (fig. 219) chaenodactylus, Orconectes neglectus, 36, 115 (fig. 140) chapalanus, Cambarellus, 7, 83 (fig. 15) chasmodactylus, Cambarus (Hiaticambarus), 15, 92 (fig. 50) chaugaensis, Cambarus (Puncticambarus), 21, 98 (fig. 75) chenoderma, Pacifastacus, 5 ciliaris, Astacus, 10 clarkii paeninsulanus, Cambarus, 65 clarkii, Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) , 65, 150 (fig. 283) clypeata, Faxonella, 24, 102 (fig. 89) clypeatus. Cambarus, 3, 24 coecus, Cambarus, 37, 38 compressus, Orconectes, 27-28, 122 (fig. 169) conasaugaensis, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 17, 94 (fig. 56) connectens, Pacifastacus, 5, 81 (fig. 1) consobrinus, Cambarus, 44 contrerasi, Procambarus (Villalobosus) , 66, 152 (fig. 289) cookac, Cambarus (Ortmannicus) , 4 cornutus, Barbicambarus, 9, 85 (fig. 20) couesi, Cambarus, 42 Crangonyx lucifugus, 4 crtascri, Cambarus (Faxonius), 4 Faxonella, 25, 102 (fig. 90) crcolanus, Orconectes palmeri, 37, 119 (fig. 159) cristatus, Cambarus, 25 Hobbseus, 25, 103 (fig. 93) cryptodytcs, Cambarus (Jugicambarus) , 18, 96 (fig. 64) cubensis cubensis, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 44, 126 (fig. 185) cubensis rivalis, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) ,44, 126 (fig. 184) cuevachicae, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) acutus, 53-54, 140 (fig. 241) cymatilis, Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 12, 89 (fig. 37) debilis, Cambarus, 42 Depressicambarus, subgenus, 3, 12 difficilis blacki, Orconectes, 28, 106 (fig. 107) difficilis difficilis, Orconectes, 28, 106 (fig. 106) difficilis hathawayi, Orconectes, 28, 107 (fig. 109) difficilis maletae, Orconectes, 28, 107 (fig. 108) digueti, Cambarus, 64 Procambarus (Procambarus) , 64-65, 149 (fig. 278) diminutus, Cambarellus, 7-8, 83 (fig. 12) diogenes, Cambarus, 20 diogenes, Cambarus (Lacunicambarus), 20, 97 (fig. 69) ludovicianus, Cambarus (Lacunicambarus), 20, 97 (fig. 70) dissitus, Fallicambarus, 23, 102 (fig. 88) distans, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 18, 93 (fig. 53) dubius, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 18, 95 (fig. 60) dugesii, Cambarus montezumae, 8 dupratzi, Procambarus (Pennides), 62, 147 (fig. 270) echinatus, Procambarus (Pennides), 62, 147 (fig. 269) econfinae, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 50-51, 131 (fig. 207) elegans, Procambarus (Pennides), 62, 146 (fig. 266) englishi, Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 12, 87 (fig. 30) enoplosternum, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 55, 134 (fig. 218) epicyrtus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 55, 135 (fig. 220) Erebicambarus, subgenus, 3, 14 erichsoni, Cambarus, 29 Procambarus (Villalobosus), 66-67, 152 (fig. 288) erichsonianus, Orconectes, 29, 110 (fig. 123) erismophorous, Orconectes sanbornii, 40, 110 (fig. 122) escambiensis, Procambarus, 50 Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 51, 132 (fig. 208) eupunctus, Orconectes, 29, 109 (fig. 116) evansi, Cambarus (Girardiella) hagenianus, 4 evermanni, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 55, 139 (fig. 237) evictus, Cambarus (Ortmannicus) , 4 expletus, Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi, 49, 129 (fig. 199) extraneus, Cambarus, 20, 21 Cambarus (Puncticambarus) , 21, 97 (fig. 71) fallax, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 55, 138 (fig. 235) Fallicambarus, 3, 22 byersi, 22-23, 101 (fig. 87) dissitus, 23, 102 (fig. 88) fodiens, 23, 100 (fig. 82) hedgpethi, 23, 100 (fig. 83) hortoni, 23, 101 (fig. 85) macneesei, 23-24, 100 (fig. 80) oryktes, 24, 101 (fig. 86) strawni, 24, 100 (fig. 81) uhleri, 24, 101 (fig. 84) Faxonella, 3, 24 beyeri, 24, 102 (fig. 91) NUMBER 166 157 Faxonella?continued clypeata, 24, 102 (fig. 89) creased, 25, 102 (fig. 90) Faxonella, subgenus, 3 faxonii, Cambarus, 32 Faxon i us, 3, 26 (Faxonius) immunis pedianus, 30 Faxonius, subgenus, 3, 26 fitzpatricki, Procambarus, 43 Procambarus (Acucauda), 43, 122 (fig. 170) floridanus, Cambarus (Depressicambarus) , 12, 88 (fig. 34) fodiens, Fallicambarus, 23, 100 (fig. 82) forceps, Orconectes, 29, 114 (fig. 137) forestae, Cambarus (Cirardiella) hagenianus, 4 fortis, Pacifastacus, 5, 81 (fig. 3) fossarum, Astacus, 66 fossor, Astacus, 20 friaufi, Cambarus (Jugicambarus) , 18, 94 (fig. 59) gallinus, Cambarus, 47 gambelii, Pacifastacus, 5-G, 81 (fig. 2) gentryi, Cambarus (Jugicambarus) , 18, 95 (fig. 63) geodytes, Procambarus (Hagenides), 48, 128 (fig. 195) gibbus, Procambarus (Pennides), 62, 148 (fig. 275) girardianus, Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) , 16, 91 (fig. 47) Girardiella, subgenus, 3, 47 gonopodocristatus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 56, 145 (fig. 260) gracilis, Cambarus, 47 Procambarus (Girardiella) , 47, 128 (fig. 193) graysoni, Cambarus, 14 gulielmi, Cambarus spinosus, 29 hagenianus carri, Cambarus (Girardiella), 4 hagenianus evansi, Cambarus (Girardiella), 4 hagenianus forestae, Cambarus (Girardiella) , 4 hagenianus, Procambarus (Girardiella), 47, 128 (fig. 192) Hagenides, subgenus, 3, 48 halli, Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 13, 87 (fig. 29) hamulatus, Cambarus (Aviticambarus), 10, 85 (fig. 21) Orconectes, 10 harnedi, Cambarus (Paracambarus), 43 harrisonii, Orconectes, 29, 107 (fig. I l l ) hathawayi, Orconectes difficilis, 28, 107 (fig. 109) hayi, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 56, 141 (fig. 244) hcdgpethi, Fallicambarus, 23, 100 (fig. 83) Hiaticambarus, subgenus, 3, 15 hinei, Cambarus (Cambarus), 46 Procambarus (Capillicambarus) , 46-47, 126 (fig. 187) hirsutus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 56, 136 (fig. 224) Hobbseus, 3, 25 attenuatus, 25, 103 (fig. 95) cristatus, 25, 103 (fig. 93) orconectoides, 25, 103 (fig. 92) prominens, 25, 103 (fig. 94) valleculus, 25-26, 104 (fig. 96) hobbsi, Orconectes, 29-30, 120 (fig. 160) hoffmanni, Procambarus (Villalobosus) , 67, 151 (fig. 287) horsti, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 56, 137 (fig. 230) hortonhobbsi, Procambarus (Villalobosus), 67, 152 (fig. 290) hortoni, Fallicambarus, 23, 101 (fig. 85) howardi, Cambarus (Cambarus), II, 86 (fig. 26) howellae, Procambarus (Scapulicambarus), 65, 150 (fig. 281) hubbelli, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 51, 133 (fig. 213) hubbsi, Cambarus (Erebicambarus), 14, 90 (fig. 40) hubrichti, Cambarus (Erebicambarus), 14, 90 (fig. 42) hybus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 56, 142 (fig. 249) hylas, Orconectes, 30, 113 (fig. 134) illinoiensis, Orconectes, 30, 112 (fig. 128) immunis, Orconectes, 30, 121 (fig. 164) pedianus, Faxonius (Faxonius), 30 spinirostris, Cambarus, 30 incilis, Procambarus (Capillicambarus), 47, 127 (fig. 188) incomptus, Orconectes, 30-31, 104 (fig. 99) indianensis, Orconectes, 31, 106 (fig. 105) inermis inermis, Orconectes, 31, 105 (fig. 100) inermis, Orconectes, 26, 31 testii, Orconectes, 31, 105 (fig. 101) iowaensis, Orconectes, 31, 111 (fig. 127) jaculus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 56-57, 142 (fig. 248) jeffersoni, Orconectes, 31-32, 109 (fig. 119) jonesi, Cambarus (Aviticambarus), 10, 85 (fig. 22) jordani, Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 13, 88 (fig. 32) Jugicambarus, subgenus, 3, 16 juvenilis, Orconectes, 32, 116 (fig. 147) kentuckiensis, Orconectes, 32, 108 (fig. 113) kilbyi, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 51, 133 (fig. 212) klamathensis, Astacus, 5, 6 Pacifastacus leniusculus, 6, 81 (fig. 6) Lacunicambarus, subgenus, 3, 20 laevis, Cambarus (Erebicambarus), 15, 91 (fig. 46) lagniappe, Procambarus (Pennides) , 62-63, 148 (fig. 273) lancifer, Orconectes, 32, 108 (fig. 114) latimanus, Astacus, 12, 13 Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 13, 88 (fig. 33) latipleurum, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 51, 131 (fig. 205) lecontei, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 57, 140 (fig. 243) Leconticambarus, subgenus, 3, 49 leniusculus klamathensis, Pacifastacus, 6, 81 (fig. 6) leniusculus leniusculus, Pacifastacus, 6, 81 (fig. 5) leniusculus trowbridgii, Pacifastacus, 6-7, 81 (fig. 7) leonensis, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 57, 139 (fig. 236) lepidodactylus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 57, 135 (fig. 222) leptogonopodus, Orconectes, 32-33, 112 (fig. 131) lermcnsis, Cainbarellus montezumae, 8 lewisi, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 57, 143 (fig. 254) limosus, Astacus, 26, 33 Orconectes, 33, 105 (fig. 103) litosternum, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 57, 135 (fig. 221) llamasi, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 44-45, 125 (fig. 181) lobdelli, Cambarus (Cambarus), 4 longidigitus, Orconectes, 33, 115 (fig. 142) longimanus, Orconectes palmeri, 37, 119 (fig. 158) longirostris, Cambarus (Hiaticambarus), 16, 92 (fig. 48) 158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY longulus, Cambarus, 15, 16 Cambarus (Hiaticambarus) , 16, 92 (fig. 49) Lonnbergius, subgenus, 3, 52 lophotus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 58, 141 (fig. 245) lucifugus alachua, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 58, 136 (fig. 227) lucifugus, Cambarus, 4 Crangonyx, 4 lucifugus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 58, 137 (fig. 228) ludovicianus, Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) diogenes, 20, 97 (fig. 70) lunzi, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 58, 138 (fig. 234) luteus, Orconectes, 33, 117 (fig. 150) lylei, Orconectes, 63, 147 (fig. 268) madanei, Troglocambarus, 68, 153 (fig. 294) macneesei, Fallicambarus, 23-24, 100 (fig. 80) macrus, Orconectes, 33-34, 116 (fig. 145) maletae, Orconectes difficilis, 28, 107 (fig. 108) mancus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 58, 142 (fig. 251) maniculatus, Astacus, 66 marchandi, Orconectes, 34, 108 (fig. 115) medius, Orconectes, 34, 117 (fig. 149) meeki brevis, Orconectes, 34, 119 (fig. 156) meeki meeki, Orconectes, 34, 118 (fig. 155) menae, Orconectes, 34-35, 117 (fig. 151) Mexicambarus, subgenus, 3, 52 mexicanus, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 45, 123 (fig. 173) milled, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 51-52, 130 (fig. 203) mirandai, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 45, 124 (fig. 176) mirus, Orconectes, 35, 115 (fig. 143) mississippiensis, Orconectes, 35, 120 (fig. 161) monongalensis, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 18-19, 95 (fig. 61) montanus, Cambarus, 10 montezumae, Cambarellus, 8, 84 (fig. 17) dugesii, Cambarus, 8 lermensis, Carbarellus, 8 var. tridens, Cambarus, 8 Montezumae, Cambarus, 7, 8 nais, Orconectes, 35, 121 (fig. 165) nana, Orconectes, 35-36, 116 (fig. 144) natchitochae, Procambarus, 62, 63 Procambarus (Pennides), 63, 146 (fig. 264) nebrascensis, Cambarus, 20 neglectus chaenodactylus, Orconectes, 36, 115 (fig. 140) neglectus neglectus, Orconectes, 36, 115 (fig. 141) Nephropoidea, 3 nerterius, Cambarus (Puncticambarus) , 21, 98 (fig. 73) nigrescens, Pacifastacus, 5, 7, 81 (fig. 4) ninae, Cambarellus, 8, 82 (fig. 11) niveus, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) , 45, 126 (fig. 186) obesus, Cambarus, 20 obeyensis, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 19, 93 (fig. 52) obscurus, Orconectes, 36, 109 (fig. 117) obstipus, Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 13, 87 (fig. 31) occidentalis, Cambarellus, 8, 83 (fig. 13) ochlocknensis, Procambarus (Hagenides) rogersi, 49, 129 (fig. 197) okaloosae, Procambarus (Scapulicambarus), 65, 150 (fig. 282) orcinus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 58-59, 137 (fig. 231) Orconectes, 3, 26 acares, 26, 113 (fig. 132) alabamensis, 26, 121 (fig. 166) australis australis, 26-27, 104 (fig. 97) australis packardi, 27, 104 (fig. 98) barrenensis, 27, 114 (fig. 139) bisectus, 27, 111 (fig. 125) causeyi, 27, 120 (fig. 163) compressus, 27-28, 122 (fig. 169) difficilis blacki, 28, 106 (fig. 107) difficilis difficilis, 28, 106 (fig. 106) difficilis hathawayi, 28, 107 (fig. 109) difficilis maletae, 28, 107 (fig. 108) erichsonianus, 29, 110 (fig. 123) eupunctus, 29, 109 (fig. 116) forceps, 29, 114 (fig. 137) hamulatus, 10 harrisonii, 29, 107 (fig. Ill) hobbsi, 29-30, 120 (fig. 160) hylas, 30, 113 (fig. 134) illinoiensis, 30, 112 (fig. 128) immunis, 30, 121 (fig. 164) incomptus, 30-31, 104 (fig. 99) indianensis, 31, 106 (fig. 105) inermis, 26, 31 inermis inermis, 31, 105 (fig. 100) inermis testii, 31, 105 (fig. 101) iowaensis, 31, 111 (fig. 127) jeffersoni, 31-32, 109 (fig. 119) juvenilis, 32, 116 (fig. 147) kentuckiensis, 32, 108 (fig. 113) lancifer, 32, 108 (fig. 114) leptogonopodus, 32-33, 112 (fig. 131) limosus, 33, 105 (fig. 103) longidigitus, 33, 115 (fig. 142) luteus, 33, 117 (fig. 150) macrus, 33-34, 116 (fig. 145) marchandi, 34, 108 (fig. 115) medius, 34, 117 (fig. 149) meeki brevis, 34, 119 (fig. 156) meeki meeki, 34, 118 (fig. 155) menae, 34-35, 117 (fig. 151) mirus, 35, 115 (fig. 143) mississippiensis, 35, 120 (fig. 161) nais, 35, 121 (fig. 165) nana, 35-36, 116 (fig. 144) neglectus chaenodactylus, 36, 115 (fig. 140) neglectus neglectus, 36, 115 (fig. 141) obscurus. 36, 109 (fig. 117) ozarkae, 36-37, 118 (fig. 153) palmeri creolanus, 37, 119 (fig. 159) palmeri longimanus, 37, 119 (fig. 158) palmeri palmeri. 37, 119 (fig. 157) pellucidus, 26, 37-38, 105 (fig. 102) perfectus, 38, 107 (fig. 110) peruncus, 38, 113 (fig. 135) placidus, 38, 114 (fig. 138) NUMBER 166 159 Orconectes?continued propinquus, 38, 39, 109 (fig. 118) punctimanus, 39, 113 (fig. 133) putnami, 32, 39, 117 (fig. 148) quadruncus, 39, 112 (fig. 130) rafinesquei, 40, 111 (fig. 124) rhoadesi, 40, 121 (fig. 167) rusticus, 40, 114 (fig. 136) sanbornii erismophorous, 40, 110 (fig. 122) sanbornii sanbornii, 40-41, 110 (fig. 121) shoupi, 41, 112 (fig. 129) sloanii, 41, 108 (fig. 112) spinosus, 32, 41, 116 (fig. 146) transfuga, 41-42, 118 (fig. 152) tricuspis, 42, 111 (fig. 126) validus, 42, 122 (fig. 168) virginiensis, 42, 110 (fig. 120) virilis, 42-13, 120 (fig. 162) williamsi, 43, 118 (fig. 154) wrighti, 43, 106 (fig. 104) orconectoides, Hobbseus, 25, 103 (fig. 92) oreganus, Astacus, 4 ornatus, Cambarus (Erebicambarus) , 15, 91 (fig. 45) ortmanni, Cambarus (Cambarus), 11-12, 87 (fig. 28) Ortmannicus, subgenus, 3, 43, 53 ortmannii, Procambarus (Paracambarus), 61, 145 (fig. 261) oryktes, Fallicambarus, 24, 101 (fig. 86) ouachitae, Procambarus (Pennides), 63, 149 (fig. 276) ozarkae, Orconectes, 36-37, 118 (fig. 153) Pacifastacus, 3, 5 chenoderma, 5 connectens, 5, 81 (fig. 1) fortis, 5, 81 (fig. 3) gambelii, 5-6, 81 (fig. 2) leniusculus klamathensis, 6, 81 (fig. 6) leniusculus leniusculus, 6, 81 (fig. 5) leniusculus trowbridgii, 6-7, 81 (fig. 7) nigrescens, 5, 7, 81 (fig. 4) packardi, Orconectes australis, 27, 104 (fig. 98) paeninsulanus, Cambarus clarkii, 65 Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) , 65-66, 150 (fig. 280) pallidus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 59, 137 (fig. 229) palmeri creolanus, Orconectes, 37, 119 (fig. 159) palmed longimanus, Orconectes, 37, 119 (fig. 158) palmeri palmeri, Orconectes, 37, 119 (fig. 157) Paracambarus, 3, 43 riojae, 66, 67 Paracambarus, subgenus, 4, 43, 61 paradoxus, Cambarus (Paracambarus), 61 Procambarus (Paracambarus) , 61-62, 145 (fig. 262) Parastacoidea, 3 parvoculus, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 19, 93 (fig. 55) patzcuarensis, Cambarellus, 8, 84 (fig. 18) Pealei, Cambarus, 33 pearsei pearsei, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 59, 143 (fig. 253) pearsei plumimanus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 59, 143 (fig- 252) pecki, Procambarus, 65 pecki?continued Procambarus (Remoticambarus), 65, 149 (fig. 279) pedianus, Faxonius (Faxonius) immunis, 30 pellucidus, Orconectes, 26, 37-38, 105 (fig. 102) penicillatus, Astacus, 50 Cambarus, 50, 54 penni, Procambarus (Pennides), 63, 148 (fig. 272) Pennides, subgenus, 4, 62 perfectus, Orconectes, 38, 107 (fig. 110) peruncus, Orconectes, 38, 113 (fig. 135) pictus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 59, 134 (fig. 217) pilosimanus, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 45, 125 (fig. 182) pilosus, Cambarus, 35 placidus, Orconectes, 38, 114 (fig. 138) planirostris, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 59-60, 142 (fig. 250) plumimanus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) pearsei, 59, 143 (fig- 252) Pontastacus, subgenus, 3 Potamobius, 5 primaevus, Cambarus, 4 pristinus, Cambarus, 22 Cambarus (Veticambarus), 22, 99 (fig. 79) Procambarus, 3, 5, 43 acherontis, 52 (Acucauda) fitzpatricki, 43, 122 (fig. 170) acutus acutus, 37 (Austrocambarus) acanthophorus, 43-44, 125 (fig. 180) (Austrocambarus) atkinsoni, 44, 125 (fig. 183) (Austrocambarus) aztecus, 44, 123 (fig. 172) (Austrocambarus) cubensis cubensis, 44, 126 (fig. 185) (Austrocambarus) cubensis rivalis, 44, 126 (fig. 184) (Austrocambarus) llamasi, 44-45, 125 (fig. 181) (Austrocambarus) mexicanus, 45, 123 (fig. 173) (Austrocambarus) mirandai, 45, 124 (fig. 176) (Austrocambarus) niveus, 45, 126 (fig. 186) (Austrocambarus) pilosimanus, 45, 125 (fig. 182) (Austrocambarus) rodriguezi, 45, 123 (fig. 174) (Austrocambarus) ruthveni ruthveni, 46, 124 (fig. 177) (Austrocambarus) ruthveni zapoapensis, 46, 124 (fig. 178) (Austrocambarus) vazquezae, 46, 122 (fig. 171) (Austrocambarus) veracruzanus, 46, 123 (fig. 175) (Austrocambarus) williamsoni, 46, 124 (fig. 179) (Capillicambarus) hinei, 46-47, 126 (fig. 187) (Capillicambarus) incilis, 47, 127 (fig. 188) escambiensis, 50 fitzpatricki, 43 (Girardiella) gracilis, 47, 128 (fig. 193) (Girardiella) hagenianus, 47, 128 (fig. 192) (Girardiella) simulans regiomontanus, 47, 127 (fig. 191) (Girardiella) simulans simulans, 47-48, 127 (fig. 190) (Girardiella) tulanei. 48, 127 (fig. 189) (Hagenides) advena, 48, 128 (fig. 194) (Hagenides) geodytes, 48, 128 (fig. 195) (Hagenides) pygmaeus, 48-49, 129 (fig. 196) (Hagenides) rogersi campestris, 49. 129 (fig. 198) (Hagenides) rogersi expletus, 49. 129 (fig. 199) (Hagenides) rogersi ochlocknensis, 49, 129 (fig. 197) (Hagenides) rogersi rogersi, 49, 130 (fig. 200) 160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Procambarus?continued (Hagenides) truculentus, 49, 130 (fig. 201) (Leconticambarus) alleni, 49-50, 130 (fig. 202) (Leconticambarus) apalachicolae, 50, 131 (fig. 206) (Leconticambarus) barbatus, 50, 131 (fig. 204) (Leconticambarus) capillatus, 50, 132 (fig. 211) (Leconticambarus) econfinae, 50-51, 131 (fig. 207) (Leconticambarus) escambiensis, 51, 132 (fig. 208) (Leconticambarus) hubbelli, 51, 133 (fig. 213) (Leconticambarus) kilbyi, 51, 133 (fig. 212) (Leconticambarus) latipleurum, 51, 131 (fig. 205) (Leconticambarus) milleri, 51-52, 130 (fig. 203) (Leconticambarus) pubischelae, 52, 132 (fig. 209) (Leconticambarus) rathbunae, 52, 132 (fig. 210) (Leconticambarus) shermani, 52, 133 (fig. 214) (Lonnbergius) acherontis, 52, 133 (fig. 215) (Mexicambarus) bouvieri, 53, 134 (fig. 216) natchitochae, 62, 63 (Ortmannicus) acutissimus, 53, 141 (fig. 246) (Ortmannicus) acutus acutus, 53, 140 (fig. 240) (Ortmannicus) acutus cuevachicae, 53-54, 140 (fig. 241) (Ortmannicus) ancylus, 54, 138 (fig. 233) (Ortmannicus) angustatus, 54, 136 (fig. 226) (Ortmannicus) bivittatus, 54, 143 (fig. 255) (Ortmannicus) blandingii, 54, 139 (fig. 239) (Ortmannicus) caballeroi, 54-55, 144 (fig. 257) (Ortmannicus) chacei, 55, 134 (fig. 219) (Ortmannicus) enoplosternum, 55, 134 (fig. 218) (Ortmannicus) epicyrtus, 55, 135 (fig. 220) (Ortmannicus) evermanni, 55, 139 (fig. 237) (Ortmannicus) fallax, 55, 138 (fig. 235) (Ortmannicus) gonopodocristatus, 56, 145 (fig. 260) (Ortmannicus) hayi, 56, 141 (fig. 244) (Ortmannicus) hirsutus, 56, 136 (fig. 224) (Ortmannicus) horsti, 56, 137 (fig. 230) (Ortmannicus) hybus, 56, 142 (fig. 249) (Ortmannicus) jaculus, 56-57, 142 (fig. 248) (Ortmannicus) lecontei, 57, 140 (fig. 243) (Ortmanniciis) leonensis, 57, 139 (fig. 236) (Ortmannicus) lepidodactylus, 57, 135 (fig. 222) (Ortmannicus) lewisi, 57, 143 (fig. 254) (Ortmannicus) litostcrnum, 57, 135 (fig. 221) (Ortmannicus) lophotus, 58, 141 (fig. 245) (Ortmannicus) lucifugus alachua, 58, 136 (fig. 227) (Ortmannicus) lucifugus lucifugus, 58, 137 (fig. 228) (Ortmannicus) lunzi, 58, 138 (fig. 234) (Ortmannicus) mancus, 58, 142 (fig. 251) (Ortmannicus) orcinus, 58-59, 137 (fig. 231) (Ortmannicus) pallidus, 59, 137 (fig. 229) (Ortmannicus) pearsci pearsei, 59, 143 (fig. 253) (Ortmannicus) pearsei plumimanus, 59, 143 (fig. 252) (Ortmannicus) pictus, 59, 134 (fig. 217) (Ortmannicus) planirostris, 59-60, 142 (fig. 250) (Ortmannicus) pubescens, 60, 135 (fig. 223) (Ortmannicus) pyenogonopodus, 60, 139 (fig. 238) (Ortmannicus) seminolae, 60, 138 (fig. 232) (Ortmannicus) texanus, 60, 140 (fig. 242) (Ortmannicus) toltccae, 60, 144 (fig. 259) (Ortmannicus) verrucosus, 61, 141 (fig. 247) Procambarus?continued (Ortmannicus) viaeviridis, 61, 144 (fig. 256) (Ortmannicus) villalobosi, 61, 144 (fig. 258) (Ortmannicus) youngi, 61, 136 (fig. 225) (Paracambarus) ortmannii, 61, 145 (fig. 261) (Paracambarus) paradoxus, 61-62, 145 (fig. 262) pecki, 65 (Pennides) ablusus, 62, 146 (fig. 265) (Pennides) dupratzi, 62, 147 (fig. 270) (Pennides) echinatus, 62, 147 (fig. 269) (Pennides) elegans, 62, 146 (fig. 266) (Pennides) gibbus, 62, 148 (fig. 275) (Pennides) lagniappe, 62-63, 148 (fig. 273) (Pennides) lylei, 63, 147 (fig. 268) (Pennides) natchitochae, 63, 146 (fig. 264) (Pennides) ouachitae, 63, 149 (fig. 276) (Pennides) penni, 63, 148 (fig. 272) (Pennides) raneyi, 63, 149 (fig. 277) (Pennides) spiculifer, 64, 148 (fig. 274) (Pennides) suttkusi, 64, 145 (fig. 263) (Pennides) versutus, 64, 146 (fig. 267) (Pennides) vioscai, 64, 147 (fig. 271) (Procambarus) digueti, 64-65, 149 (fig. 278) (Remoticambarus) pecki, 65, 149 (fig. 279) (Scapulicambarus) clarkii, 65, 150 (fig. 283) (Scapulicambarus) howellae, 65, 150 (fig. 281) (Scapulicambarus) okaloosae, 65, 150 (fig. 282) (Scapulicambarus) paeninsulanus, 65-66, 150 (fig. 280) (Scapulicambarus) troglodytes, 66, 151 (fig. 284) (Tenuicambarus) tenuis, 66, 151 (fig. 285) tenuis, 66 vazquezae, 43, 46 (Villalobosus) contrerasi, 66, 152 (fig. 289) (Villalobosus) erichsoni, 66-67, 152 (fig. 288) (Villalobosus) hoffmanni, 67, 151 (fig. 287) (Villalobosus) hortonhobbsi, 67, 152 (fig. 290) (Villalobosus) riojai, 67, 151 (fig. 286) (Villalobosus) teziutlanensis, 67, 153 (fig. 292) (Villalobosus) tlapacoyanensis, 67, 153 (fig. 293) (Villalobosus) zihuateutlensis, 67-68, 152 (fig. 291) wiegmanni, 4 Procambarus, subgenus, 3, 64 prominens, Hobbseus, 25, 103 (fig. 94) propinquus, Orconectes. 38-39, 109 (fig. 118) pubescens, Procambarus (Ortmannicus) , 60, 135 (fig. 223) pubischelae, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 52, 132 (fig. 209) puer, Cambarellus, 4, 8-9, 82 (fig. 10) Puncticambarus, subgenus, 3, 20 punctimanus, Orconectes, 39, 113 (fig. 133) pusillus, Astacus, 10 putnami, Orconectes, 32, 39, 117 (fig. 148) pyenogonopodus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 60, 139 (fig. 238) pygmaeus, Procambarus (Hagenides), 48-49, 129 (fig. 196) quadruncus, Orconectes, 39, 112 (fig. 130) rafinesquei, Orconectes, 40, 111 (fig. 124) raneyi, Procambarus (Pennides), 63, 149 (fig. 277) NUMBER 166 161 rathbunae, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 52, 132 (fig. 210) reburrus, Cambarus (Puncticambarus), 21, 99 (fig. 76) reduncus, Cambarus (Depressicambarus), 13, 89 (fig. 39) regiomontanus, Procambarus (Girardiella) simulans, 47, 127 (fig. 191) Remoticambarus, subgenus, 4, 65 rhoadesi, Orconectes, 40, 121 (fig. 167) riojae, Paracambarus, 66, 67 riojai, Procambarus (Villalobosus) , 67, 151 (fig. 286) rivalis, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) cubensis, 44, 126 (fig. 184) robustus, Cambarus (Puncticambarus), 21-22, 99 (fig. 77) rodriguezi, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 45, 123 (fig. 174) rogersi campestris, Procambarus (Hagenides) , 49, 129 (fig- 198) rogersi expletus, Procambarus (Hagenides), 49, 129 (fig. 199) rogersi ochlocknensis, Procambarus (Hagenides) , 49, 129 (fig. 197) rogersi rogersi, Procambarus (Hagenides), 49, 130 (fig. 200) rusriciformis. Cambarus (Erebicambarus), 15, 90 (fig. 41) rusticus, Orconectes, 40, 114 (fig. 136) ruthveni ruthveni, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 46, 124 (fig- 177) ruthveni zapoapensis, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) , 46, 124 (fig. 178) sanbornii erismophorous, Orconectes, 40, 110 (fig. 122) sanbornii sanbornii, Orconectes, 40-41, 110 (fig. 121) Scapulicambarus, subgenus, 4, 65 schmitti, Cambarellus, 9, 82 (fig. 9) schmittii, Cambarus, 4, 8 sciotensis, Cambarus (Cambarus) , 12, 86 (fig. 27) seminolae, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 60, 138 (fig. 232) setosus, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 19, 96 (fig. 66) shermani, Procambarus (Leconticambarus), 52, 133 (fig. 214) shoupi, Orconectes, 41, 112 (fig. 129) shufeldtii, Cambarellus, 9, 82 (fig. 8) signifer, Cambarus, 30 simulans regiomontanus, Procambarus (Girardiella), 47, 127 (fig. 191) simulans simulans, Procambarus (Girardiella), 47-48, 127 [fig. 190) sloanii, Orconectes, 41, 108 (fig. 112) sphenoides, Cambarus (Depressicambarus) , 13-14, 88 (fig. 35) spicatus, Cambarus (Puncticambarus), 22, 98 (fig. 72) spiculifer, Procambarus (Pennides), 64, 148 (fig. 274) spinirostris, Cambarus bartonii, 16 Cambarus immunis, 30 spinosus gulielmi, Cambarus, 29 spinosus, Orconectes, 32, 41, 116 (fig. 146) strawni, Cambarus, 22, 24 Fallicambarus, 24, 100 (fig. 81) striatus, Cambarus (Depressicambarus) , 14, 89 (fig. 38) stygius, Cambarus, 37, 38, 53 subgrundialis, Astacus, 5 suttkusi, Procambarus (Pennides) , 64, 145 (fig. 263) tartarus, Cambarus (Jugicambarus) , 19, 97 (fig. 68) tenebrosus, Cambarus bartoni, 14, 15 Cambarus (Erebicambarus), 15, 90 (fig. 43) Tenuicambarus, subgenus, 4, 66 tenuis, Procambarus, 66 Procambarus (Tenuicambarus) , 6 6 , 151 (fig. 285) testii, Orconectes inermis, 31, 105 (fig. 101) texanus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 60, 140 (fig. 242) teziutlanensis, Procambarus (Villalobosus), 67, 153 (fig. 292) tlapacoyanensis, Procambarus (Villalobosus), 67-68, 152 (fig. 293) toltecae, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 60, 144 (fig. 259) transfuga, Orconectes, 41-42, 118 (fig. 152) tricuspis, Orconectes, 42, 111 (fig. 126) tridens, Cambarus Montezumae, 8 Troglocambarus, 3, 4, 68 maclanei, 68, 153 (fig. 294) troglodytes, Procambarus (Scapulicambarus) ,66, 151 (fig. 284) trowbridgii, Pacifastacus leniusculus, 6-7, 81 (fig. 7) truculentus, Procambarus (Hagenides), 49, 130 (fig. 201) tulanei, Procambarus (Girardiella), 48, 127 (fig. 189) typhlobius, Cambarus, 37 uhleri, Fallicambarus, 24, 101 (fig. 84) unestami, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 19-20, 93 (fig. 54) validus, Orconectes, 42, 122 (fig. 168) valleculus, Hobbseus, 25-26, 104 (fig. 96) vazquezae, Procambarus, 43, 46 Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 46, 122 (fig. 171) veracruzanus, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 46, 123 (fig. 175) verrucosus, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 61, 141 (fig. 247) versutus, Procambarus (Pennides), 64, 146 (fig. 267) veteranus, Cambarus (Puncticambarus) , 22, 99 (fig. 78) Veticambarus, subgenus, 3, 22 viaeviridis, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 61, 144 (fig. 256) villalobosi, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 61, 144 (fig. 258) Villalobosus, subgenus, 4, 66 vioscai, Procambarus (Pennides) ,64, 147 (fig. 271) virginiensis, Orconectes, 42, 110 (fig. 120) virilis, Orconectes, 42-43, 120 (fig. 162) whitmani, Cambarus, 33 wiegmanni, Procambarus, 4 williamsi, Orconectes, 43, 118 (fig. 154) williamsoni, Procambarus (Austrocambarus), 46, 124 (fig. 179) wisconsinensis, Cambarus, 42 wrighti, Orconectes, 43, 106 (fig. 104) youngi, Procambarus (Ortmannicus), 61, 136 (fig. 225) zapoapensis, Procambarus (Austrocambarus) ruthveni, 46, 124 (fig. 178) zempoalcnsis, Cambarellus, 9, 84 (fig. 19) zihuateutlensis, Procambarus (Villalobosus), 67-68, 152 (fig. 291) zophonastes, Cambarus (Jugicambarus), 20, % (fig. 67) ?fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1*74 546-359/12 Publication in Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Manuscripts for serial publications are accepted by the Smithsonian Institution Press, sub- ject to substantive review, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums. Non- Smithsonian authors should address inquiries to the appropriate department. If submission ii invited, the following format requirements of the Press will govern the preparation of copy. Copy must be typewritten, double-spaced, on one side of standard white bond paper, with V/'i" top and left margins, submitted in ribbon copy with a carbon or duplicate, and accompa- nied by the original artwork. Duplicate copies of all material, including illustrations, should be retained by the author. There may be several paragraphs to a page, but each page should begin with a new paragraph. Number consecutively all pages, including title page, abstract, text, litera- ture cited, legends, and tables. The minimum length is 30 pages, including typescript and illus- trations. The title should be complete and clear for easy indexing by abstracting services. Taxonomic titles will carry a final line indicating the higher categories to which the taxon is referable: "(Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." Include an abstract as an introductory part of the text. Identify the author on the first page of text with an unnumbered footnote that includes his professional mailing address. A table of contents is optional. An index, if required, may be supplied by the author when he returns page proof. Two headings are used: (1) text heads (boldface in print) for major sections and chap- ters and (2) paragraph sideheads (caps and small caps in print) for subdivisions. Further headings may be worked out with the editor. In taxonomic keys, number only the first item of each couplet; if there is only one couplet, omit the number. For easy reference, number also the taxa and their corresponding headings throughout the text; do not incorporate page references in the key. In synonymy, use the short form (taxon, author, date:page) with a full reference at the end of the paper under "Literature Cited." Begin each taxon at the left margin with subse- quent lines indented about three spaces. Within an entry, use a period-dash (.?) to separate each reference. Enclose with square brackets any annotation in, or at the end of, the entry. For references within the text, use the author-date system: "(Jones, 1910)" and "Jones (1910)." If the reference is expanded, abbreviate the data: "Jones (1910:122, pi. 20: fig. 1)." Simple tabulations in the text (e.g., columns of data) may carry headings or not, but they should not contain rules. Formal tables must be submitted as pages separate from the text, and each table, no matter how large, should be pasted up as a single sheet of copy. Use the metric system instead of, or in addition to, the English system. Illustrations (line drawings, maps, photographs, shaded drawings) can be intermixed throughout the printed text. They will be termed Figures and should be numbered consecu- tively; however, if a group of figures is treated as a single figure, the components should be indicated by lowercase italic letters on the illustration, in the legend, and in text references: "Figure 9fc." If illustrations (usually tone photographs) are printed separately from the text as full pages on a different stock of paper, they will be termed Plates, and individual components should be lettered (Plate 9b) but may be numbered (Plate 9: figure 2). Never combine the numbering system of text illustrations with that of plate illustrations. Submit all legends on pages separate from the text and not attached to the artwork. An instruction booklet for the preparation of illustrations is available from the Press on request. In the bibliography (usually called "Literature Cited"), spell out book, journal, and article titles, using initial caps with all words except minor terms such as "and, of, the." For capitalization of titles in foreign languages, follow the national practice of each language. Underscore (for italics) book and journal titles. Use the colon-parentheses system for volume, number, and page citations: "10(2) :")-9." Spell out such words as "figures," "plates.*1 "pages." For free copies of his own paper, a Smithsonian author should indicate his requirements on "Form 36" (submitted to the Press with the manuscript). A non-Smithsonian author will receive 50 free copies: order forms for quantities above this amount with instructions for pay- ment will be supplied when page proof is forwarded. i