Cimbeb ?aSIa
STAATSMUSEUM - WINDHOEK - STATE MUSEUM -WINDHOEK - STAATSMUSEUM
Ser. A - Vol. 5 - No.4 7 February 1980
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FAUNA OF ROCKY
INTERTIDAL SHORES OF SOUTH WEST AFRICA.
PART III. THE NORTH COAST FROM
FALSE CAPE FRIO TO THE KUNENE RIVER
BRIAN KENSLEY
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
&
MARY-LOUISE PENRITH
State Museum, Windhoek
(With 4 figures and 6 plates)
Surveys were made of the intertidal fauna at four localities where intertidal rock occurs on the coast
between Rocky Point and M~amedes, three south of the Kunene River and one just north of it on
the Angolan coast. The results of the surveys are described and the species collected are listed.
I. Introduction 202
II. Description of the area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
III. Description of the surveys 203
IV. Notes on the occurrence of particular groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
V. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
VI. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
VII. Acknowledgements 208
VIII. Gazetteer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
IX. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
X. Fauna list 209
Surveys of the intertidal fauna of rocky shores made
at Liideritzbucht and Rocky Point in South West Africa
and at M~amedes in southern Angola (Penrith & Kens-
ley, 1970a, 1970b, Kensley & Penrith, 1973) showed a
transition from a coldwater fauna at Liideritzbucht to
a tropical one at M~amedes. At Rocky Point a large
number of coldwater species were present but most
.of the dominant intertidal species were tropical. Several
of the tropical species forming a dominant element in
the fauna at M~amedes were, however, absent from
Rocky Point. We decided in the light of these findings
to survey as many rocky areas as possible on the coast
between the three areas already surveyed, in order to
obtain a clearer picture of the faunal transition. In
this paper surveys made at three localities on the nor-
thern coast of South West Africa and one on the
extreme southern coast of Angola approximately 30 km
north of the Kunene River mouth are presented. The
location of the areas is shown in figure I. Those marked
A and B refer to the rocks north and south of the
Kunene River mouth respectively. The remaining two
surveys were made at Angra Fria and at False Cape
Frio. Detailed transects were made at False Cape Frio
and at the rocks south of the Kunene River mouth,
and general surveys at Angra Fria and the rocks to
the north of the Kunene River mouth.
The frequently mentioned area of Cape Frio (see Brown
& Jarmarr, 1978) was examined but was found un-
suitable for shore surveys. Both Cape Frio itself and
the outcrop to the south of it are basalt outcrops
that fall steeply away to the seaward side so that at
all but the highest level the intertidal fauna are in-
accessible even when exposed. Furthermore, the area is
occupied by a colony of Cape Fur Seals.
The northern coast of South West Africa and the
Angolan coast south of Baia dos Tigres are bounded
to landward by the northern Namib desert, an area
consisting in the main of gravel plains and large white
shifting dunes, with Salsola hummocks near the coast.
The coastline is relatively poorly endowed with intertidal
rock, small outcrops alternating with long stretches of
sandy shore. The main outcrops north of Rocky Point
are False Cape Frio, which consists of three main
outcrops connected by low rocks exposed only at low
water of spring tides (LWS); a small outcrop between
False Cape Frio and Cape Frio; Cape Frio itself;
and Angra Fria. North of Angra Fria the shore is
Figure 1. Map showing the localities at which surveys were carried
out. A = rocks approximately 30 kIn north of the Kunene
River mouth; B = rocks approximately 5 kIn south of
the Kunene River mouth.
mainly sandy to the Kunene River; there are numerous,
but very small rocky clusters at neap tide level, the
rocks surveyed to the south of the Kunene River mouth
being one of the most extensive of these. North of the
Kunene River, intertidal rock appears to be even
scarcer. Work at Baia dos Tigres and along the coast
north to Porto Alexandre was unfortunately impractic-
able owing to the inaccessibility of the area by road.
From Porto Alexandre to MO(1amedes the coastline
consists mainly of sheer sandstone cliffs interspersed
with sandy bays.
False Cape Frio consists mainly of red basalt with a
small amount of granite. The intertidal rocks are scored
with deep gullies, but pools are few and there are no
loose rocks to shelter cryptofauna, which are thus con-
fmed to algal tufts and mussel clumps.
Angra Fria consists of a number of granite outcrops
interspersed with sand. There are no pools or loose
rocks. Most of the rock is above high water of spring
tides (HWS). One fairly high rocky ridge runs more or
less continuously from above HWS into the sea, but
does not extend much below high water of neap tides;
the remaining intertidal rock consists mainly of large
flat boulders at about the level of neap tides and below.
Area B (fig. 1) consists of a low group of flat red
siltstone rocks visible at low water of neap tides. There
are no pools of any size and no loose rocks. Area A
consists of a few large red siltstone boulders at or a little
below low water of neap tides. At both areas strong
wave action made work difficult, as the rocks were only
intermittently exposed.
In the region of False Cape Frio there are three major
basalt outcrops, the shore between them being fringed
by rocks which are covered at low water of neap tides.
Transects were made over two of the main outcrops;
the vertical distribution of the dominant algae and the
relative abundance and vertical distribution of the main
components of the fauna are shown in figures 2 and 3.
The first transect layover a high red basalt slope
(plate 1), intersected in the upper part by deep gullies.
High water of spring tides was marked by a line of
drift matter on the sand just above the beginning of the
rocky slope. The first life occurred about 15 m distant
from and 48 cm below HWS, and consisted of scattered
specimens of the barnacle Chthamalus dentatus and a
black encrusting blue-green alga.
At the second station of the transect, 16 m from and
50 cm below the first station (at HWS), Chthamalus
was fairly common, Littorina punctata was present in
crevices, and Siphonaria (Patellopsis) capensis occur-
red in depressions. The encrusting blue-green alga was
fairly common. At the next station, 10 m from the
second and 60 cm below HWS, Chthamalus was still
fairly common, Littorina common, and Siphonaria
present. Between this and the fourth station Patella
granularis and the fine green alga Cladophora mira-
bilis appeared, about 1,6 m from the third station. At
the fourth station, 7,3 m from the third station and
85 cm below HWS, the rock was covered with
Chthamalus, amongst which Littorina was abundant.
Patella granularis was fairly common, and the mussels
Perna perna and Semimytilus algosus appeared for the
first time. The only alga present was Cladophora
mirabilis.
At the fifth station (plate 2), 7,7 m from the fourth
and 1,8 m below HWS, Chthamalus was still abundant,
covering the rocks. Perna and Semimytilus were also
abundant, forming dense clusters; Patella granularis
was common, and the large sea anemone Bunodactis
reynaudi was common in crevices. As at the previous
station the only alga represented was Cladophora mira-
bilis.
The sixth station, 4,7 m from the previous station and
2,2 m below HWS, had a rich algal growth, consisting
of Cladophora mirabilis, Chondria sp., Chordariopsis
capensis, Orcasia pulla, and Aeodes orbitosa. Aeodes
forms a distinct band at about this level, and Orcasia
carpeted the rocks thickly from this level downwards.
The fauna consisted of dense masses of Perna and
Semimytilus, with Chthamalus and Bunodactis com-
mon, Patella granularis fairly common, and Balanus
amphitrite present. Between this and the final station
the large whelk Thais haemastoma appeared. At the
final station, 5,3 m from the previous one and 2,8 m
below HWS, the rocks were carpeted with Orcasia,
Pachymenia carnosa was fairly common, and other
algae including Chondria, Chordariopsis, and Rho-
dymenia were present. Perna and Semimytilus were
present, Balanus was common, and Patella safiana
appeared for the frrst time.
The second transect (plate 3 and figure 3) was made
over a flat plateau of rock with a very gradual slope.
The rock was separated from HWS by a 30 m stretch
of sand. The first rocks, about 10 cm below HWS,
were covered with Porphyra capensis, with Entero-
morpha sp. appearing shortly below. Some of the rocks
at this level were covered by a slime-like blue-green
alga. Littorina was not collected on the second
transect; the dense algal growth on the uppermost rocks
probably made settling difficult. The first animal species
to appear was Siphonaria, which was present in
crevices and depressions from just below the first
Enteromorpha. About 0,6 m below HWS and 40 m
distant from it, Porphyra and Enteromorpha covered
the rocks, and Siphonaria and Patella granularis
occurred in crevices and amongst the algae. About
15 m further down and 1 m below HWS the algal
growth became more varied, the most common species
being Enteromorpha, Cladophora mirabilis, and Orca-
sia pulla. Porphyra did not occur below about 0,8 m
below HWS. At the 1 m level Chthamalus dentatus,
Perna perna and Semimytilus algosus were very com-
mon, the former covering the rocks and the two species
of mussels occurring in dense clusters; Patella granu-
laris was fairly common, and a few Siphonaria still
present. Aeodes orbitosa and Patella sajiana appeared
Balanus amphitrite
I . I
Thais haemastoma
Cladophora mirabilis
I
, --
HWS30'-.. //---'---
2.' ?? - ?????
2.0
Aeodes orbitosa
~
just below this level, about 2,2 m below HWS, and
Perna was not found much below this level. At
LWS, about 1,6 m below HWS and some 80 m from
it, the algae Orcasia pulla, Aeodes orbitosa, Chondria
sp., and Pachymenia carnosa were common, Semimy-
tilus was still present, and Patella safiana was fairly
common; the whelk Thais haemastoma was present
from just above this level. Balanus was not collected
on the second transect.
As the rocks at Angra Fria could, at the time of the
survey, be reached only by a three-mile walk across a
salt pan, the equipment necessary for a detailed survey
was not taken there, but a general survey w~s made.
The intertidal rock consists of smooth granite boulders
exposed to very strong wave action and offering no
shelter for cryptofauna (plate 4). Apart from the out-
Patella granu/aris
I
Chthama/us dentatus......??_~
Perna perna.......?-1
Semimyti/us
I
I
a/gosus ~
Patella safiana. ---l--
~Thais haemastoma--~
ut 1,0E
crop mentioned above that does not continue far below
the high water mark, the first rock appears about 25 m
below HWS and has a sparse growth of Porphyra
capensis and Enteromorpha. Patella granularis was
fairly common amongst the algal tufts, while Chthama-
Ius dentatus was present in crevices, together with very
small specimens of Littorina punctata and Siphonaria
(Patellopsis) capensis. Littorina was present in larger
numbers and reached a fair size on the higher rocky
outcrop. About 6 m down Chthamalus was abundant,
almost completely covering the rocks, and Patella
granularis was very common; Perna perna appeared
for the first time at this level. A little below this the
algal carpet increased, being composed mainly of
Aeodes orbitosa, Orcasia pulla, and Pachymenia
carnosa. Bunodactis reynaudi was fairly common
in crevices where sand accumulated. A single specimen
of Patella granatina was collected at this level on the
Chondria sp.~------~------~L== Aeode. orbit??? L
, ~___ Pachymenia carnosa~J .--
sheltered side of a rock. At the level of LWS,
Patella safiana and Thais haemastoma were present,
the former becoming more common lower down. The
specimens of Patella safiana were particularly large at
Angra Fria, with well-developed algal gardens, consist-
ing mainly of Gymnogongrus glomeratus. Perna perna
and Semimytilus algosus were both abundant at LWS,
forming dense clusters. The rock between the mussel
clumps was covered with a brown encrusting alga,
Ralfsia sp.
AREA B - THE ROCKS 5 KM SOUTH OF THE
KUNENE RIVER MOUTH
This area was visited by the second author in 1968,
by both authors in 1969, when a short transect was
carried out (fig. 4), and again in 1978 and 1979 by
the second and first authors respectively.
tt ,.s
E
Thais haemastoma
I
Ralfsia sp.
Chondria sp.
Aeodes orbitosa---+-Pachymenia carnosa
figure 4. Transect at area B (rocks south of the Kunene River mouth). Note compression of sand (40 m) and expansion of rock
(10 m).
The outcrop consists of ridges of rock running parallel
to the coast (plate 5), and starts 40 m from HWS,
which is marked by a line of drift shells and algae.
On the first rocks, approximately 2 m below HWS,
Chthamalus dentatus and Siphonaria (Patellopsis)
capensis are present, as well as a stunted growth of
Cladophora mirabilis. At the next station, 2 m from
the previous one, both Siphonaria and Chthamalus
were fairly common, and the first specimens of Perna
perna and Patella safiana appeared. Much of the
smooth rock between the sessile animals was covered
with the brown encrusting "Ralfsia sp. Five metres
further seaward, at about the level of LWS, this alga
was still common, and Orcasia pulla appeared as well.
In the gullies from the midshore to LWS, Modiolus
carvalhoi was fairly common, growing at the bases
of clumps of Hypnea spicifera. Single specimens of the
brachiopod Kraussina rubra also occurred here. Just
above LWS Patella granularis was common, but dis-
appeared before LWS; Patella safiana was present but
became common only from about LWS downwards.
Perna, Semimytilus algosus, Siphonaria, and Chtha-
malus were still common or abundant (plate 6),
Siphonaria, however, not reaching LWS and Chtha-
malus becoming much less common at that level.
Thais haemastoma was present. The algal carpet was
very thick, with Aeodes orbitosa, Pachymenia carno-
sa, Orcasia pulla, and Chondria sp. being the
dominant species.
The southern area of the rocks is bounded by a broad
expanse of rubble formed by broken clumps of reef
worm tubes (Gunnarea capensis). Many of the tubes
still house live worms, but empty tubes give temporary
shelter to the errant polychaete Pseudonereis variegata.
and to the small grapsid crab Pachygrapsus trans-
versus. Clumps of Perna are attached to the worm
reefs.
AREA A - THE ROCKS 30 KM NORTH OF THE
KUNENE RIVER MOUTH
The rocky outcrops where the survey was made con-
sist of a smoothly worn reddish, very hard siltstone.
They are separated from HWS by a 60 m stretch
of white sand. The rocks extend for some 30 m below
this, with a vertical drop from top to LWS of about
0,7 m. Almost the entire length of the rocks had a
scattering of the fme red alga Orcasia pulla. Soli-
tary plants of the large red alga Pachymenia carnosa
also occur over the whole area. As the rocks are very
smooth and there are no rock pools, only clinging
animals occur there. Chthamalus dentatus was abun-
dant, and Patella saflana, Perna perna and Semimy-
ti/us algosus occur lower down.
IV. NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF
PARTICULAR GROUPS
A list of the species collected at the four localities is
given at the end of the paper (X, fauna list).
Far fewer species were recorded from this area than
from either Mo~amedes or Rocky Point. This may
be explained in part by the paucity of the rock and
the lack of habitats for cryptofauna, but it seems
probable that the average temperatures in the area may
be such as to discourage both tropical and coldwater
species. This is borne out by a comparison of the
fauna lists of Mo~amedes and Rocky Point (Kensley
& Penrith, 1973; Penrith & Kensley, 1970b). With
the exception of one fish, one crab, and possibly one
hydroid, this area has no species in common with
Mo~amedes that do not also occur at Rocky Point,
indicating that the temperatures are probably unsuitable
for the more tropical forms. On the? other hand, most
of the species listed in the fauna list occurred at
Rocky Point or further south, and several were recorded
from both Mo~amedes and areas to the south.
Bunodactis reynaudi was recorded only at the two
southern localities, False Cape Frio and Angra Fria;
it is an endemic species characteristic of the colder
waters of the southern African coast.
The majority of the polychaetes were recorded from
False Cape Frio and the rocks south of the Kunene
River mouth; these two localities had a more luxuriant
algal growth than the others and therefore offered more
shelter. The majority of the species recorded occur in
general mainly in algal tufts; the abundance of
Pseudonereis variegata at all the localities is to be
explained by its preference for living in mussel clumps.
All the species of these groups recorded are algal
dwellers.
All the species recorded, apart from Plagusia chabrus,
are West African tropical forms. Pachygrapsus trans-
versus was not recorded further south but occurred at
Mo~amedes. Hippolyte palliola was described from the
South West African coast (Kensley, 1970) but has sub-
sequently been recorded from Pointe Noire in the
Congo (Crosnier & Forest, 1973). Fresh dead speci-
mens of Maja squinado were fairly commonly washed
ashore at the rocks south of the Kunene River mouth
and Angra Fria.
The identity of the specimens of Siphonaria collected
has been established as Siphonaria (Patellopsis) capen-
sis, but the specimens are extremely variable. Littorina
punctata was absent from the two northern localities,
owing to the absence of rock from the zone in which
it usually predominates. The species has, however, been
recorded from Angola (Kensley & Penrith, 1973) and
from West Africa further north (Nickles, 1950). The
other species of mollusca predominating in the area are
the same as those at Rocky Point, with the exception
of Oxystele variegata, which does not normally occur
in areas exposed to very strong wave action.
Discinisca tenuis, which is very characteristic of the
South West African coast, was not recorded alive from
any of the localities surveyed (although washing ashore
in great numbers), but was collected alive at Cape Frio.
Large clumps of Kraussina rubra washed ashore about
15 km south of the Kunene River mouth, while a few
live specimens were collected at area B.
Fishes could be collected from intertidal pools only at
False Cape Frio; two small specimens were taken in
algal tufts at the rocks south of the Kunene River
mouth. The permanent intertidal fish species at False
Cape Frio were Blennius cornutus, Blennius cristatus,
and Blennius pilicornis, the former two species being
numerous. At the rocks south of the Kunene River
mouth the two juveniles collected were Blennius
cristatus and Blennius velifer. The latter is an interest-
ing record, as this species was collected in large
numbers at Mo~amedes and is a West African tropical
species (Penrith & Penrith, 1972).
The most striking difference between Rocky Point and
the areas from False Cape Frio northwards was the
apparent absence of kelp from the latter region. Iso-
lated fronds were found washed up on the beach but
there was no living material attached and they might
have come from further afield; no living kelp was
observed either intertidally or below LWS at any of the
areas examined. The predominant faunal elements were
the same as at Rocky Point: Littorina punctata,
Siphonaria (Patellopsis) capensis, Chthamalus denta-
tus, Patella granularis, Perna perna, Thais haema-
stoma, Semimytilus algosus, and Patella safiana, with
the addition of Balanus amphitrite at False Cape
Frio. Only two (possibly three) of the tropical species
found at Mo~amedes but not at Rocky Point appeared
at any of the localities surveyed for the present paper,
and apart from the disappearance of the kelp there
was no difference in the major faunal elements at Rocky
Point and on the South West African coast further
north. The introduction of the other tropical elements
characteristic of the intertidal fauna of Mo~amedes
(Kensley & Penrith, 1973) apparently occurs north of
area A. It was unfortunate that it was not possible
to visit Baia dos Tigres. At Cabo Negro, north of
Porto Alexandre, a sample of mytilids was taken from
an underhang in the sandstone cliffs that form most of
the coastline in that area, and Perna perna and
Gregariella barbatella were recorded, but the cliffs
do not favour the development of an extensive intertidal
fauna. Gregariella barbatella, which occurs in the
Mediterranean and on the southern African coast from
South West Africa to Zululand, is a temperate rather
than a tropical species and was not recorded from
M~amedes.
Surveys of four areas on the northern South West
African coast and the southern Angolan coast in the
region of Cape Frio to the Kunene River were made
in order to determine the composition of the fauna
of the intertidal rocks. The fauna was found to be
relatively poor. This is thought to be partly due to
the limited and exposed nature of the r.ocks and partly
due to the temperature regime. Most of the dominant
intertidal species were tropical forms, but several of
the tropical intertidal dominants characteristic of the
coast at Mo~amedes in Angola were absent, while
many of the coldwater species found further south were
also absent.
Our thanks are due to Dr. N. A. H. Millard, of the
South African Museum, for the identification of the
hydroids.
We are grateful to Mr C. G. Coetzee and Mr. M. J.
Penrith of the State Museum, Windhoek, for providing
transport and invaluable assistance with the survey.
At the time of the survey, both authors were members
of the staff of the South African Museum, and we
thank that institution for fmancial assistance during
the surveys.
This paper is published with the permission of the
Director of National Education, South West Africa/
Namibia.
Angra Fria
Area A
AreaB
Cape Frio
False Cape Frio
Kunene River mth.
Mo~amedes
Porto Alexandre
Rocky Point
18?17'S., 11?57'E.
? 16?58'S., 11?46'E.
? 17?17'S., 11?44'E.
18?27'S., l2?01'E.
18?29'S., l2?01'E.
17?15'S., 11?45'E.
15?IO'S., l2?10'E.
15?48'S., 11?50'E.
18?59'S., l2?29'E.
BROWN, A. C. & JARMAN, N. 1978. Coastal marine habitats.
In Werger, MJ.A. (ed.). Biogeography and ecology of
southern Africa. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk.
CROSNIER, A. & FOREST, J. 1973. Les crevettes profondes
de I'Atiantique oriental tropical. Faune trop. 19: 1 - 409.
KENSLEY, B. F. 1970. Some decapod Crustacea from northern
South West Africa, including a new species of Hippolyte.
Cimbebasia (A) 1: 180 - 188.
KENSLEY, B. F. & PENRITH, M.-L. 1970. The status of
Gregariella simplicijilis Barnard, with records of Mytilidae
from southern Angola. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 57: 123 - 130.
KENSLEY, B. F. & PENRITH, M.-L. 1973. The constitution
of the intertidal fauna of rocky shores of Mo~amedes,
southern Angola. Cimbebasia (A) 2: 113 - 123.
NICKLES, M. 1950. Mollusques testaces marins de la cote
occidentale d'Afrique. Paris: Le Chevalier.
PENRITH, M.-L. & KENSLEY, B. F. 1970a. The constitution
of the intertidal fauna of rocky shores of South West Africa.
Part I. Liideritzbucht. Cimbebasia (A) 1: 191 - 239.
PENRITH, M.-L. & KENSLEY, B. F. 1970b. The constitution
of the fauna of rocky intertidal shores of South West Africa.
Part II. Rocky Point. Cimbebasia (A) 1: 243 - 268.
PENRITH, M. J. & PENRITH, M.-L. 1972. The Blenniidae
of western southern Africa. Cimbebasia (A) 2: 66 - 90.
AF - Angra Fria; FCF - False Cape Frio; RN (A) - rocks north of the Kunene River mouth;
RS (B) - rocks south of the Kunene River mouth.
FCF AF RS RN South African
(B) (A) distribution
Phylum: CNIDARIA
Class: HYDROZOA
Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus)
Tubularia larynx Ellis& Solander
Class: ANTHOZOA
Bunodactis reynaudi (Milne Edwards)
Phylum: ANNELIDA
Class: POLYCHAETA
Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell)
Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin &
Milne Edwards)
Polyophthalmus pictus (Dejardin)
Pseudonereis variegata (Grube)
Rocky Point to
Natal
Rocky Point to
Durban
C Rocky Point to
Cape
Rocky Point to
Mo~ambique
Liideritzbucht to
Kei River
Swakopmund to St.
Lucia, Natal
Rocky Point to
Mo~ambique
S. W. Africa to
Mo~ambique
Rocky Point to
Mo~ambique
C Rocky Point to
Natal
P Rocky Point to
Natal
Natal, Mo~ambique
A Rocky Point to
Mo~ambique
General
distribution
Mediterranean, Atlan-
tic, New Zealand, Sub-
antarctic islands
North Atlantic, tropical
eastern Atlantic, Indo-
Pacific
Endemic
Mediterranean, West
Africa, Indo-Pacific
Endemic
Mediterranean, circum-
tropical
Mediterranean, West
Africa, Malagasy
Cosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan
Circumtropical
Cimbebas/Q
Sabellaria spinulosa jUl!icola (Augener) C S. W. Africa Endemic
Syllis (Syllis) gracilis Grube FC Liideritzbucht to Cosmopolitan
M~ambique
Syllis (I'yposyllis) armillaris (Miiller) FC Walvis Bay to Cosmopolitan
Mo~ambique
Phylum: ARTHROPODA
Class: CRUSTACEA
Subclass: CIRRIPEDIA
Balanus amphitrite Darwin C St. Helena Bay to
Mo~ambique
Chthamalus dentatus Krauss A A A A Rocky Point to West Mrica, Malagasy,
Natal Aden
Subclass: MALACOSTRACA
Order: PERACARIDA
Suborder: TANAIDACEA
Tanais sp. P
Suborder: ISOPODA
Engidotea lobata (Miers) P Rocky Point to Endemic
Port Elizabeth
Paridotea rubra Barnard P Liideritzbucht to Endemic
East London
Suborder: AMPHIPODA
Ampithoe sp. P
Caprella penantis Leach FC P Rocky Point to Cosmopolitan
Natal
Hyale hirtipalma (Dana) C Rocky Point to Chile, Peru, New Zea-
False Bay land, subantarctic
islands
Hyale saldanha Chilton C C P Rocky Point to Endemic
False Bay
Ischyrocerus anguipes Kr0yer P Rocky Point to North Atlantic
Natal
Jassajalcata (Montagu) P Rocky Point to Cosmopolitan
False Bay
Paramoera capensis (Dana) P Rocky Point to New Zealand, Falk-
Natal lands
Order: EUCARIDA
Suborder: DECAPODA
Acanthonyx lunulatus (Risso) FC P Rocky Point to Mediterranean, West
Kunene River Africa to Angola
Hippolyte palliola Kensley C Rocky Point to Congo
Kunene River
Ocypode cursor (Linnaeus) C C C C Rocky Point to Mediterranean, West
Kunene River Africa to Angola
Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes) P C Circumtropical
Plagusia chabrus (Linnaeus) P Kunene River to Chile, New Zealand,
Natal Australia
Xaiva biguttata (Risso) P Kunene River to West Africa to Angola
MoweBay
Phylum: MOLLUSCA
Class: LAMELLIBRANCHIATA
Aulacomya ater (Molina) P Swakopmund to South America, Falk-
Natal land & Kerguelen
islands
210
Kens1ey & Penrith - Intertidal Fauna III
Gregariella barbatella (Cantraine) P Kunene River to Mediterranean, West
(= G. simplicifilis Barnard: Kens- Zululand Africa
ley & Penrith, 1970)
Modiolus carvalhoi Klappenbach FC P MOfWamedesto Torra Chile, Peru
Bay
Perna perna (Linnaeus) A A A A Kunene River to Circumtropical
DelagoaBay
Semimytilus algosus (Gould) A A A A MOfWamedesto Chile, Peru
Swakopmund
Class: GASTROPODA
Littorina punctata Philippi A A Rocky Point to West Africa
Knysna
Patella granatina Linnaeus P Rocky Point to Endemic
Agulhas
Patella granularis Linnaeus C C FC C Rocky Point to Endemic
Zululand
Patella miniata Born FC Rocky Point to Endemic
Zululand
Patella safiana Lamarck C FC C C Rocky Point Algeria to southern
Angola
Pyrene kraussi (Sowerby) FC Rocky Point to Endemic
Natal
Siphonaria (Patellopsis) capensis FC FC C FC Rocky Point to Inhaca Island
Quoy & Gaimard Zululand
Thais haemastoma (Linnaeus) P P FC FC Rocky Point to Mediterranean, Atlan-
Sandwich Harbour tic, West Africa
Tricolia capensis (Dunker) FC P Rocky Point to Mauritius
East London
Phylum: BRYOZOA
Electra verticil/ata (Lamouroux) A C Rocky Point to English Channel to An-
East London gola, New Zealand
Membranipora tuberculata (Bose) C Rocky Point to Circumtropical, south
False Bay Atlantic
Phylum: BRACHIOPODA
Kraussina rubra (Pallas) P Liideritzbucht to Endemic
Transkei
Phylum: ECHINODERMATA
Class: HOLOTHUROIDEA
. Cucumariafrauetifeldii Ludwig FC Liideritzbucht to ? Java
East London
Phylum: CHORDATA
Class: PISCES
Blennius cornutus Linnaeus C False Cape Frio to Endemic
Swakopmund, Doring
Bay to Natal
Blenniits cristatus Linnaeus C P Kunene River mouth Mediterranean, tropical
to Toscanini West Africa
Blennius pilicornis Cuvier P False CapeFrio Eastern Mediterranean,
=Blennius vandervekeni Poll: to Mowe Bay Lobito to MOfWamedes;
Penrith & Penrith, 1972 Brazil
Blennius velffer Norman P Kunene River West Africa to Angola


Cimbebasia