MARINONI & THOMPSON: 565-578 Studia dipterologica 10 (2003) Heft 2 ? ISSN 0945-3954 
Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae) 
Part I. Introduction and new species 
[Schwebfliegen aus dem Siidosten von Brasilien (Diptera: Syrphidae) 
Teil I. Einleitung und Beschreibung neuer Arten] 
by 
Luciane MARINONI and F. Christian THOMPSON 
Curitiba (Brazil) Washington (USA) 
Abstract A review is given to the flower fly fauna of southeastern Brazil. Eight new species are de- 
scribed and their critical characters are illustrated: Aristosyrphus (s. str.) minutus THOMPSON, 
spec, no v., [Brazil (Rio & Parana)]; Microdon (s.str.) mourei THOMPSON, spec. nov. [Brazil 
(Parana & Santa Catarina)]; Microdon (s.str.) aureopilis MARINONI, spec. nov. [Brazil (Parana 
& Santa Catarina)]; Microdon (Pseudomicrodon) pilosops MARINONI, spec. nov. [Brazil (Parana 
& Santa Catarina)]; Microdon (Pseudomicrodon) chrysostypus THOMPSON, spec. nov. [Brazil 
(Santa Catarina)]; Mixogaster imitator THOMPSON, spec. nov. [Brazil (Parana & Santa Catar- 
ina)]; Copestylum profaupar MARIONI, spec. nov. [Brazil (Parana & Santa Catarina)] and 
Myolepta (Protolepidostola) marinonii MARINONI, spec. nov. [Brazil (Parana)]. 
Key words Syrphidae, flower flies, Neotropics, Brazil, new species, Aristosyrphus, Microdon, Mixogaster, 
Copestylum, Myolepta 
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Uberblick der Schwebfliegenfauna sudost-Brasiliens gegeben. Acht neue Arten 
werden beschrieben und die bestimmungsrelevanten Merkmale der Mannchen abgebildet: Aris- 
tosyrphus minutus THOMPSON spec. nov. [Brasilien (Rio & Parana)]; Microdon (s.str.) mourei 
THOMPSON spec. nov. [Brasilien (Parana & Santa Catarina)]; Microdon (s.str.) aureopilis 
MARINONI spec. nov. [Brasilien (Parana & Santa Catarina)]; Microdon (Pseudomicrodon) 
pilosops MARINONI spec. nov. [Brasilien (Parana & Santa Catarina)]; Microdon (Pseudomicr- 
odon) chrysostypus THOMPSON spec. nov. [Brasilien (Santa Catarina)]; Mixogaster imitator 
THOMPSON spec. nov. [Brasilien (Parana & Santa Catarina)]; Copestylum profaupar MARIONI 
spec. nov. [Brasilien (Parana & Santa Catarina)] und Myolepta (Protolepidostola) marinonii 
MARINONI spec. nov. [Brasilien (Parana)]. 
Stichworter Syrphidae, Schwebfliegen, Neotropis, Brasilien, neue Arten, Aristosyrphus, Microdon, Mixo- 
gaster, Copestylum, Myolepta 
Introduction 
Brazil is one of the megadiverse countries in the world and was the site where the nations of 
the world formally recognized the importance of biological diversity for mankind. In recog- 
nizing the significance of biodiversity, the Convention on Biological Diversity (1994) chal- 
lenges nations, like Brazil, to first inventory their biological wealth. As little has been done to 
assess the biodiversity of flies, especially flower flies, an important component of all terrestri- 
al ecosystems, we take this opportunity to report the preliminary results of biodiversity inven- 
tory for Parana. These results will then serve as a benchmark for our future work. 
Parana is a state in the southeastern corner of Brazil along with Santa Catarina and Rio Grande 
do Sul. These three states are our focus. The Department of Zoology of the Federal University 
of Parana developed a project, "Projeto de Levantamento da Fauna Entomologica do Parana" 
[= PROFAUPAR], whose main goal was to survey the insect fauna. Eight localities were 
selected as representative sites: Antonina (litoral), Sao Jose dos Pinhais (Atlantic forest), Co- 
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MARINONI & THOMPSON: Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part I  
lombo (first plateau), Jundiai do Sul, Ponta Grossa and Telemaco Borba (second plateau) and 
Fenix and Guarapuava (third plateau) (MARINONI & DUTRA 1993). At each site, a Malaise and 
a light trap were run for two years (1986-1988). In the first year, from August 1986 to July 
1987, material was collected weekly from the Malaise trap, resulting in 411 lots of a total of 
832,542 insect specimens. The majority were flies (649,753 specimens), from which 1,617 
syrphids were sorted. Among this material 111 species were sorted out. Names were found for 
85, including the 8 new species herein described, but 26 others (indicated below as "morpho 
species") could not be matched with named concepts and are of poorly known groups where 
new species descriptions would only add to existing confusion. 
Very little faunistic work has been done on Neotropical flower flies or even Diptera. The only 
modern treatment is that of the West Indies, where THOMPSON (1981) provided a list of species, a 
key to them and a summary of the prior work, with illustrations of the critical taxonomic charac- 
ters. The only other comprehensive faunistic treatments were those of Chile and southern Pat- 
agonia (SHANNON & AUBERTIN 1933) and Mexico and Central America (WILLISTON 1891-92). 
ETCHEVERRY (1963) provided only documentation of the past work on the Chilean fauna, but no 
keys nor new information. Beyond these works, there have only been catalogs (WILLISTON 1886, 
1887 (South America); ALDRICH 1905 (North America); KERTESZ 1910 (World); STUARDO ORTIZ 
1946 (Chile); BRETHES 1907 (La Plata); THOMPSON et al. 1976 (America s. USA)) and lists, many 
of which are incomplete and merely lists of single expeditions or collections (WILLISTON 1888 
(Brazil); BRETHES 1904 (Argentina, Tucuman); SACK 1921 (Paraguay), 1941 (Peru); CURRAN 
1934 (Guyana, Kartabo); VIMMER & SOUKUP 1938 (Peru); MARTONELL 1939 (Venezuela, Ara- 
gua); SOUKUP 1945, 1959 (Peru); d'ANDRETTA & CARRERA 1952 (Brazil, Acre); CAMPOS 1960 
(Ecuador); LANE 1962 (Patagonia); DOESBURG 1962, 1966 (Suriname); ARNAUD 1963 (Mexico, 
Guadalupe I.); LINSLEY & USINGER 1966, Linsley 1977 (Galapagos); RAMIREZ GARCIA 1997 (Mex- 
ico, Los Tuxtlas); ROBINSON 1984 (Falkland Is.); SEDMAN 1975 (Belize); ETCHEVERRY 1952 (Chile, 
Tarapaca). Other historical treatments were: GIGLIO-TOS (1892-1893) who revised the fauna of 
Mexico; LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA (1891-1892), Argentina; and PHILIPPI (1865), Chile. What is known 
of the Neotropical flower-fly fauna is largely buried in the taxonomic literature. This literature is 
summarized in the Neotropical Diptera catalog (THOMPSON et al. 1976) and in the key to Neo- 
tropical flower-fly genera (THOMPSON 1999). 
The number of species of Syrphidae that occur in southeastern Brazil is unknown. We, how- 
ever, estimate that for all of Brazil, the count of recorded and described flower flies is 2,030, 
of which 1,500 probably occur in southeastern Brazil. This estimate is based on the Neotrop- 
ical Diptera catalog (THOMPSON et al. 1976) and the material in our respective collections 
(DZUP, USNM). While no list has ever been made, probably the largest number of species 
(more than 1,500) ever to have been described from a single locality was described from Nova 
Teutonia in the state of Santa Catarina. This is due to the work of a single man, Fritz PLAU- 
MANN, who was an outstanding collector for some 50 years (NOMURA 1991, 1995; PIEROZAN 
1995; also see SPESSATO 2001). To date, 123 new flower flies have been described from Nova 
Teutonia, including 5 in this paper. 
Preliminary list of species collected 
This list follows the arrangement used in the Neotropical catalog (THOMPSON et al. 1976). The 
original citation and other information about these names can be found in that catalog and is 
not included in this paper. 
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Studia dipterologica 10 (2003) Heft 2: 565-578 
SYRPHINAE 
Syrphini 
Allograpta exotica (WIEDEMANN, 1830) 
neotropica CURRAN, 1936 
similis CURRAN, 1925 
Ocyptamus anthiphates (WALKER, 1849) 
bonariensis (BRETHES, 1905) 
erebus (HULL, 1943) 
flukiella (CURRAN, 1941) 
funebris MACQUART, 1834 
gastrostactus (WIEDEMANN, 1830) 
lividus (SCHINER, 1868) 
luctuosus (BIGOT, 1883) 
panamensis (CURRAN, 1930) 
phaeopterus (SCHINER, 1868) 
sativus (CURRAN, 1941) 
tiarella (HULL, 1944) 
wulpianus (LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, 1891) 
& 13 morpho spp. 
Pseudodoros clavatus (FABRICIUS, 1794) 
Salpingogaster gracilis SACK, 1920 
Syrphusphaeostigma WIEDEMANN, 1830 
Bacchini 
Argentinomyia fastigata (FLUKE, 1945) 
lanei (FLUKE, 1936) 
longicornis (WALKER, 1837) 
pollinosa (HULL, 1942) 
Leucopodella balboa (HULL, 1947) 
bigoti (AUSTEN, 1893) 
gracilis (WILLISTON, 1891) 
Xanthandrus bucephalus (WIEDEMANN, 1830) 
Toxomerini 
Toxomerus aquilinus SACK, 1941 
confusus (SCHINER, 1868) 
procrasinatus METZ, 2001 
tibicen (WIEDEMANN, 1830) 
& 5 morpho spp. 
MICRODONTINAE 
Aristosyrphus minutus THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
primus CURRAN, 1941 
Microdon (Chymophila) aurifex WIEDEMANN, 1830 
(Microdon) aureopilosis MARINONI, spec. nov. 
(M.) histrio WIEDEMANN, 1830 
(M.) mitis CURRAN, 1940 
(M.) mourei THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
(M.) new CURRAN, 1936 
(M.) triginus CURRAN, 1940 
(M.) virgo CURRAN, 1940 
(Pseudomicrodon) chrysostypus THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
(P.)pilosops MARINONI, spec. nov. 
(Rhoga) sepulchrasilvus (HULL, 1937) 
Mixogaster flukei HULL, 1954 
imitator THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
polistes HULL, 1954 
sartocryptus HULL, 1954 
Paramicrodon flukei (CURRAN, 1936) 
ERISTALINAE 
Rhingia nigra MACQUART, 184 
Ornidia major CURRAN, 1930 
obesa (FABRICIUS, 1775) 
Copestylum albifrons (CURRAN, 1939) 
belinda (HULL, 1949) 
chalybescens (WIEDEMANN, 1830) 
circe (CURRAN, 1939) 
circumdatum (WALKER, 1857) 
flukei (CURRAN, 1936) 
impressum (HULL, 1949) 
lanei (CURRAN, 1936) 
liriope (HULL, 1949) 
macquarti (CURRAN, 1926) 
meretricias (WILLISTON, 1888) 
obscurior (CURRAN, 1939) 
pica (SCHINER, 1868) 
procteri (CURRAN, 1939) 
profaupar THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
selectum (CURRAN, 1939) 
spinithorax (LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, 1892) 
tripunctatum (HULL, 1949) 
trituberculatum (THOMPSON, 1976) 
vagum (WIEDEMANN, 1830) 
& 5 morpho spp. 
Lepidomyia vulturella (HULL, 1946) 
Myolepta marinonii MARINONI, spec. nov. 
scintillans (HULL, 1946) 
Polybiomyia wulpii (WILLISTON, 1888) 
Habromyia chrysotaenia (FLUKE, 1937) 
Quichuana - 1 morpho spec. 
Meromacrus basiger (WALKER, 1860) 
nectarinoides (LYNCH ARRIBALZAGA, 1892) 
niger SACK, 1920 
Palpada furcata (WIEDEMANN, 1819) 
precipua (WILLISTON, 1888) 
scutellaris (FABRICIUS, 1805) 
triangularis (GIGLIO-TOS, 1892) 
urotaenia (CURRAN, 1930) 
Neplas - 4 morpho spp. 
Description of new species 
Aristosyrphus (Aristosyrphus) minutus THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
(Fig. la-b) 
Male. Head: Face brownish except slightly yellow laterally, shiny except narrowly white pollinose 
laterally, white pilose; gena brown, yellow pilose; frontal lunule black; frons and vertex brown, shiny, 
yellow pilose; ocellar triangle black; occiput brown, sparsely grayish pollinose, yellow pilose; antenna 
brown, black pilose, ratio 5:1:13; arista long, about 3/4 as long as basoflagellomere. 
567 
MARINONI & THOMPSON: Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part I 
Thorax: Postpronotum yel- 
low; scutum brown, brown- 
ish yellow pilose; scutellum 
brown, white pilose; pleuron 
brown except yellow along 
posterior margin of anepister- 
num and dorsal katepister- 
num, black pilose; calypter 
brown; halter white. Wing: 
very light brownish, microt- 
richose except bare basal 1/4 
of cell R and basoposterior 1/ 
3 of cell BM. 
Fig. la?b: Male genitalia of Aris- 
tosyrphus minutus THOMPSON, 
spec. nov. ? a: Lateral view of 9th 
tergum and associated structures; 
- b: Lateral view of 9th sternum 
and associated structures. 
Legs: coxae, trochanters brown, black pilose; pro and mesofemora brown on basal 1/2, yellow apically, 
black pilose with some yellow pile intermixed apically; metafemur brown except yellow apex, black 
pilose; pro and mesotibiae yellow except brownish apical 1/3, yellow pilose basally, black pilose api- 
cally; metatibia yellow on basal 1/3, brown apically, yellow pilose except with black pile intermixed on 
apical 2/3; tarsi orange, black pilose. 
Abdomen: 1st tergum brown, yellow pilose; 2nd tergum brown except apical margin narrowly yellow, 
black pilose except yellow pilose laterally; 3rd tergum brown except apical 1/4 orange, black pilose 
except yellow pilose apically and laterally; 4th tergum brown, black pilose except yellow pilose on 
apical 1/4; 1st sternum brown; 2nd sternum brown except yellow apical 1/4; 3rd and 4th sterna brown, 
black pilose except yellow pilose apically; genitalia brown, yellow and black pilose. 
Female. Similar to male except for normal sexual dimorphism* and: 5th tergum brown, black pilose; 
cercus orange. 
Length. 6.4 mm, wing, 4.7 mm. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL. Parana, Antonina, Reserva Sapitanduva, 23 February 1987, Malaise trap (pinned from 
alcohol), Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, S, deposited in Collection of Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal 
do Parana, Curitiba (DZUP). Para types: same locality and date as holotype (1 3 DZUP),... 3 November 1986 (1 <J 
DZUP), ... 10 November 1986 (1 9 USNM); Brazil, Districto Federal [= Rio de Janeiro], Pico da Tijuca, 8 Decem- 
ber 1940, R. C. SHANNON (1 9 USNM); Parana: Colombo, EMBRAPA Br 476, km 20, 12 January 1987, Lev. Ent. 
PROPAUPAR (1 9 DZUP); Ponta Grossa (Vila Velha), Reserva IAPAR, Br 376, 5, 9, 12, 19 January 1987, Lev. Ent. 
PROFAUPAR (4 9 9 DZUP), ... 22 December 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (1 <J DZUP). 
Remarks. Among the species of Aristosyrphus, minutus is readily distinguished by its very small size; 
all other species are more than 10 mm in length. Hence, the specific epithet, minutus, which is an 
adjective. 
The expression "except for normal sexual dimorphism" is regularly used to avoid wasting space on the obvious, 
such as noting that the female sex has an ovipositor and related structures, not aedeagus, surstyle, etc. And in most 
syrphids, dichoptic eyes, not holoptic. 
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 Studia dipterologica 10 (2003) Heft 2: 565-578 
Microdon (Microdon) aureopilis MARINONI, spec. nov. 
(Fig. 2a-c) 
Microdon 74-12 
Adult (male & female). Head: Metallic green; face shiny except very narrowly white pollinose laterally, 
yellowish white pilose; frontal lunule brownish; frons shiny except very narrowly white pollinose lateral- 
ly, yellowish white pilose except black pilose medially; vertex shiny, yellow pilose except black pilose 
across ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle equilateral, small, well-isolated from eye margin; antenna brown- 
ish black, black pilose; antennal ratio 3:1:2; arista about 3/4 as long as basoflagellomere; eye very sparsely 
and short pilose, with pili about as long as ommatidial diameter; occiput sparsely white pollinose, white 
pilose ventrally becoming golden dorsally, with a few black pili intermixed on dorsal 1/3. 
Thorax: Metallic green except for a large medial quadrate purple macula (this macula is clearly only 
for some views), shiny, long golden pilose; proepimeron bare; katepisternum without anteroventral pile 
patch; scutellum with apicolateral calcar; calypter white with orange margin; halter orange. Wing: 
hyaline, almost completely microtrichose; bare cell R except along spurious vein, posterobasal 1/2 of 
cell BM, anterobasal 1/5 of cell CuP and medially on alula. Legs: brownish black except metacoxa 
metallic green, yellowish white pilose. 
Abdomen: Oval, 2nd segment about half as long as 3rd and 1/4 as long as 4th; sterna bluish green, 
shiny, long white pilose; 1st sternum well-developed; 1st & 2nd terga metallic green, shiny, golden 
pilose; 3rd tergum metallic green, shiny, golden pilose laterally and on apical 1/2, black pilose baso- 
medially; 4th tergum coppery green, shiny, golden pilose laterally and on apicomedial 1/3, black pilose 
basomedially; male genitalia orange, orange pilose. 
Length: 12.5 mm, wing: 4.5 mm. 
Variation. A couple of the females are bluish metallic, not green; one of the females from alcohol is 
purplish metallic and its scutellum is orange. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, September 1969, Fritz PLAUMANN, <J, deposited in the 
Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Paratypes: same data as holotype, (1 <J, USNM); same locality as holotype, 
November 1969, Fritz PLAUMANN (19, CNC). BRAZIL. Sao Paulo: Sao Bernardo, January 1965, MARTINEZ & 
D'ANDRETTA (19, MZUSP); Barueri, 2 April 1955, K. LENKO (#987, 19, MZUSP). Rio de Janeiro: Floresta da 
Tijuca, March 1959, C. A. CAMPOS SEABRA (19, MZUSP). Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Campus UFMG, 31 
December 1991, A. F. KUMAGAI (1<J, UFMG). Parana: Colombo, EMBRAPA, BR 476, km 20, 29 December 1986, 
19-26 January 1987, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (1<J, 29 9, DZUP); Telemaco Borba, Reserva Samuel Klabin, 15 
September 1986, 13 October, 1986, 17 November 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (1 <J, USNM, 2 <J 3, DZUP); Ponta 
Grossa (Vila Velha), Reserva IAPAR, Br 376, 13, 20 October 1986, 3, 10, 17,24 November 1986, 1 December 1986, 
Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (5 <J 3, 3 9 9, DZUP, 1 9, USNM); Guarapuava, Estacao Aguas de Santa Clara, 6, 20 Octo- 
ber 1986, 17 November 1986, 1 December 1986, 19 January 1987, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (3 <J 3, 2 9 9, DZUP). 
Remarks. Microdon aureopilis runs to caesar CURRAN in the last published key to Neotropical Micro- 
don species (CURRAN 1941: 248), but differs from caesar in having the scutum entirely golden pilose, 
not with intermixed black pile and metatibia and tarsus golden pilose, not with metatarsus black pilose. 
Microdon aureopilis is related to mourei and differs from it as noted above. 
Derivation of specific epithet. The specific epithet is an adjective, referring to the color of the scutal pile. 
Microdon (Microdon) mourei THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
(Fig. 3) 
Microdon 74-11 
Adult (male & female). Head: Metallic green; face shiny except very narrowly white pollinose lateral- 
ly, yellowish white pilose; frontal lunule brownish orange; frons shiny, yellowish white pilose except 
black pilose medially; vertex shiny, yellow pilose except black pilose across ocellar triangle; ocellar 
triangle equilateral, small, well-isolated from eye margin; antenna brownish black, black pilose; anten- 
nal ratio 3:1:2; arista about 3/4 as long as basoflagellomere; eye very sparsely and short pilose, with pili 
about as long as ommatidial diameter; occiput sparsely white pollinose, white pilose ventrally becom- 
ing golden dorsally, with a few black pili intermixed on dorsal 1/3. 
569 
MARINONI & THOMPSON: Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part I 
Figs 2a-c, 3: Male genitalia of Microdon spp. ? 2: Microdon aure- 
opilis MARINONI, spec. nov. ? a: Lateral view of 9th tergum and 
associated structures; - b: Lateral view of 9th sternum and associ- 
ated structures; - c: Dorsal view of 9th tergum and associated struc- 
tures. ? 3: Microdon mourei THOMPSON, spec, nov., dorsal view of 
9th tergum and associated structures. 
Thorax: Metallic green except for a large medial quadrate purple macula (this macula is clearly only for 
some views), shiny, long golden pilose; proepimeron bare; katepisternum without anteroventral pile patch; 
scutellum with apicolateral calcar; calypter white with orange margin; halter orange. Wing: hyaline, al- 
most completely microtrichose; bare cell R except along spurious vein, posterobasal 1/3 of cell BM, 
anterobasal 1/5 of cell CuP and medially on alula. Legs: pro and mesocoxae and trochanters brownish 
black, golden pilose; metacoxa metallic green, yellowish-white pilose; metatrochanter brownish black, 
golden pilose; femora dark metallic green basally, orange apically; pro & mesofemora dark on basal 1/4 
anteriorly, basal 2/3 posteriorly; metafemora dark on basal 1/3; tibiae and tarsi orange, orange pilose. 
Abdomen: Oval, 2nd segment about 'A as long as 3rd and 1/4 as long as 4th; sterna bluish green, shiny, 
long white pilose; 1st sternum well-developed; 1st & 2nd terga metallic bluish green, shiny, golden 
pilose; 3rd tergum metallic green, shiny, golden pilose; 4th tergum golden green, shiny, golden pilose; 
male genitalia orange, bare. 
Length: 13 mm, wing: 9 mm. 
Types. Holotype: Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, January 1966, Fritz PLAUMANN, <J, deposited in the Cana- 
dian National Collection, Ottawa (CNC). Paratypes: same locality as holotype, October 1966, Fritz PLAUMANN (1 9, 
USNM); BRAZIL. Parana: Telemaco Borba, Reserva Samuel Klabin, 6 October 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (1 <J, 
USNM),... 13 October 1986 (1<J, DZUP),... 12 January 1987 (W, DZUP). 
Remarks. Microdon mourei runs to virgo CURRAN in the last published key to Neotropical Microdon 
species (CURRAN 1941: 248), but differs from virgo in having the abdomen entirely metallic green and 
golden pilose. Microdon virgo has the abdomen dark purplish black with a pattern of white and black pile. 
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 Studia dipterologica 10 (2003) Heft 2: 565-578 
Microdon mourei is related to aureopilus, differing from it in having the legs extensively orange, not dark 
and having the abdomen entirely golden pilose, not with extensive black pile on the 4th tergum. 
Derivation of specific epithet. The specific epithet is a noun, in the genitive case, in honor of Professor 
Doutor Padre Jesus Santiago MOURE, the true father of Systematic Entomology in southeastern Brazil. 
Since the early 1930s, Padre MOURE has been building collections of insects in Parana and today, the insect 
collection at the Universidade Federal do Parana bears his name in recognition of his contributions. 
Microdon (Pseudomicrodon) chrysostypus THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
Microdon 65-2 
Adult (male & female). Head: Face brownish yellow, darker medially in some specimens, white pi- 
lose; frons brownish black, yellow pilose; vertex pale brown, shiny, bare; occiput brownish black, gray 
pollinose, white pilose ventrally becoming yellow pilose dorsally; eye very sparsely and short pilose, 
with pili about as long as ommati diameter; antenna brown, black pilose; antennal ratio 3:1:4; ba- 
soflagellomere knife-shaped, with small sensory pit at apical 1/3; arista pubescent apically, with pile 
about as long as basal aristal width, about 3/4 as long as basoflagellomere. 
Thorax: Postpronotum yellow, rest of thorax dark brown; postpronotum yellow pilose; scutum black 
pilose except golden pilose in form small triagular maculae submedially on anterior edge, across trans- 
verse suture, dorsad to wings and onto postalar callus; pleuron golden pilose; scutellum brown, golden 
pilose, without calcars; calypter pale brown; halter orange; metasternum yellow pilose. Wing: hyaline 
except brown anteromedially; brown area filling costal cell and subcostal cell to level of stigmatic 
crossvein, cell BM on apical 3/4, cell R4+5 on basal 1/3, and along veins R4+5 and M; microtrichose 
except bare posterior to spurious vein in basal 3/4 of cell R, anterobasal 2/3 of cell BM, and basal 1/3 of 
cell CuP. Legs: light brownish orange except metacoxa and metatrochanter brown and metafemur may 
be darker on apical 2/3, yellow pilose except with black pile intermixed on posterior surface of pro and 
mesofemora; metafemur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of short black spinose pile; metat- 
iba with medioventral row of short black spinose pile. 
Abdomen: Brown with apical margins of 2nd and 3rd terga orange and orange vittate macula on peti- 
ole, petiolate, with 2nd tergum flattened and with sublateral depression on basal 2/3, with 3rd and 4th 
segments forming a distinct club, with ratio of tergal lengths as 1:2.75:2.5:3, with 2nd about twice as 
long as wide and with parallel-sides, with 3rd tergum only slightly wider than long and about twice as 
wide apically as basally; 1st tergum golden pilose; 2nd tergum black pilose except golden along apical 
margin and on pale areas; 3rd tergum black pilose except golden pilose along apical margin; 4th tergum 
black pilose except submedial L-shaped fascia on posterior 2/3 of golden pile; genitalia yellow pilose. 
Length: 13 mm, wing: 9 mm. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, November 1965, Fritz PLAUMANN, <J, from the personal 
collection of the author and to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Washington (USNM). Paratypes: Same 
locality and collector as holotype: 20 March 1947 (13, CNC), April 1952 (2 <J 6, CNC, USNM). October 1952 (W, 
CNC),November 1957(19, CNC),March 1964(26 <J,CNC),November 1964(26 <J,CNC),November 1966(1 J, 
CNC), November 1968 (1 eJ, CNC), May 1968 (1 9, CNC), February 1970 (1 9, CNC), December 1950 (1 9, CNC). 
Remarks. Microdon chrysostypus is very similar to pilosops, described below and also known from 
Nova Teutonia. These species differ from all described species of Pseudomicrodon by having the alula 
completely microtrichose. Microdon chrysostypus differs from pilosops in have rows of dense black 
spinose pile on metafemur, bare vertex, more extensive golden pile on scutum and on scutellum. In the 
last published key to neotropical Microdon (CURRAN 1941: 248), chrysostypus runs to either beebei 
CURRAN or conops CURRAN, depending how the face color is scored. Microdon chrysostyphus differs 
from beebei in much smaller (12-13 mm versus 18-20 mm), having a unicolorous black scape (not 
bicolored, yellow basally, dark apically); and from conops by having extensive black pile on scutum 
(not entirely golden pilose). 
Derivation of specific epithet. The specific epithet is an Latin adjective, referring to golden petiole of 
the abdomen. 
571 
MARINONI & THOMPSON: Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part I  
Microdon (Pseudomicrodon) pilosops MARINONI, spec. nov. 
(Fig. 4a-c) 
Microdon 97-1 
Adult (male & female). Head: Face broadly brown dorsomedially, yellow ventrolaterally, with brown 
area narrow ventrally, about 1/5 of facial width at oral margin expanding to full width at antenna, white 
pilose except black pilose medially; frons brownish black, black pilose and shiny except narrowly 
white pollinose and pilose laterally; vertex brown, brown pilose; occiput yellow and yellow pilose on 
ventral 1/3, brown and white pilose medially, brown, sparsely white pollinose and black pilose on 
dorsal 1/3; eye densely short pilose; antenna brown, black pilose; antennal ratio 4:1:4; basoflagellom- 
ere knife-shaped, with small sensory pit slightly anterior to arista; arista pubescent, with pile about as 
long as basal aristal width, about 3/4 as long as basoflagellomere. 
Thorax: Dark brown including postpronotum, generally black pilose; white pilose along anterior mar- 
gin of scutum, across transverse suture, on postalar callus, on posterior edge of anepisternum, on katepis- 
ternum and anepimeron, and in a triangular area anterior to scutellum; scutellum light brown, white 
pilose; calypter brown; halter yellow, with brownish club; metasternum black pilose. Wing: hyaline 
except brown basoanteriorly; brown area filling costal cell and subcostal cell to level of stigmatic cross- 
vein; microtrichose except bare posterior to spurious vein in basal 3/4 of cell R. Legs: light brownish 
orange except metacoxa and metatrochanter brown and metafemur may be darker on apical 2/3, white 
pilose except metatrochanter black pilose. 
Abdomen: Brown with apical margins of 2nd and 3rd terga orange and indistinct orange vittate macula 
on petiole, petiolate, with 2nd tergum flattened and with sublateral depression on basal 2/3, with 3rd 
and 4th segments forming a distinct club, with 2nd and 3rd segments subequal and 4th about 1/4 longer, 
with 2nd tergum about 1/3 wider apically than long and about as wide basally as long; 1st tergum white 
pilose; 2nd tergum black pilose except golden along apical margin; 3rd tergum black pilose except 
golden pilose along apical margin; 4th tergum black pilose except medial fasciate and apicolateral 
patches of golden to yellow pile; genitalia black and white pilose. 
Length: 15 mm, wing: 11 mm. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 24 October 1938, Fritz PLAUMANN, CT, deposited in the 
Natural History Museum (BMNH), London. Para types: same locality as holotype, 14 November 1938, Fritz PLAU- 
MANN (IS, USNM), February 1968 Fritz PLAUMANN (1 <J, CNC). BRAZIL. Parana: Ponta Grossa (Vila Velha), Reser- 
va IAPAR Br 376, 3 November 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (16\ DZUP); Telemaco Borba, Reserva Samuel 
Klabin, 3, 10, 30 November 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap (W, 2 9 9, DZUP); Jundiai do Sul, Fazen- 
da Monte Verde, 22, 29 September 1986, 5, 6, 13, 20, 27 October 1986, 3, 17, 24 November 1986, Lev. Ent. PRO- 
FAUPAR, Malaise trap (17 <J <J, DZUP, 16% USNM); Fenix, Reserva Estadual de Vila Rica (Institute de Terras, 
Cartografia e Florestas), 8, 15, 29 September 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (46* 6, DZUP). 
Remarks. Microdon pilosops is very similar to previously described chrysostypus also known from 
Nova Teutonia. These species differ from all described species of Pseudomicrodon by having the alula 
completely microtrichose. Microdon pilosops differs from chrysostypus in having a large triangle of 
yellow pile anterior to the scutellum. Also pilosops differs from all other species of this subgenus by its 
densely pilose eyes. In the last published key to neotropical Microdon (CURRAN 1941: 248), pilosops 
runs to conops CURRAN, which has bare eyes. 
Derivation of specific epithet. The specific epithet is an adjective, referring to the pilose eyes. 
Mixogaster imitator THOMPSON, spec. nov. 
Male. Head: Face yellow except brown medial vitta and large black macula ventrad to antenna, white 
pilose; frontal lunule black; frons shiny black on anterior 1/2, yellowish becoming reddish to brownish 
black posteriorly, black pilose; vertex black, black pilose; occiput black except for 2 large lateral orange 
maculae, white pilose ventrally becoming brownish black dorsally; antenna light brown, black pilose; 
basoflagellomere knife-shaped, with dorsal margin straight and ventral margin arcuate, with small sen- 
sory pit near aristal insertation; arista orange, about 3/4 as long as basoflagellomere; antennal ratio 
1:0.22:1 
572 
Studia dipterologica 10 (2003) Heft 2: 565-578 
Fig. 4a?c: Male genitalia. - 4: Microdon (Pseudomicrodon) pilosops MARINONI; - 
associated structures; ? b: Lateral view of 9th sternum and associated structures; - 
associated structures. 
a: Lateral view of 9th tergum and 
c: Dorsal view of 9th tergum and 
Thorax: Generally brown; postpronotum yellow; scutum brown except for submedial orange macula 
on anterior margin, generally short appressed black pilose, with golden pile on submedial macula, 
along transverse suture and anterior to scutellum; postalar callus yellow, golden pilose; anepisternum 
bare; katepisternum long sparse white pilose; anepimeron long white pilose; katepimeron bare, faintly 
yellow along dorsal margin; scutellum brown except apical margin yellow, appressed golden pilose; 
metanotum as long as wide, sloping at 45? angle to horizontal axis of body, bare; calypter orange 
brown; halter orange with brown capitulum. Legs: orange except slightly brownish on dorsal surface of 
protibia and ventral surface of metafemur, orange pilose except with black pile intermixed dorsally on 
protibia. Wing: hyaline except brown anterior margin; brown area extends to vein R and spurious vein 
basally and to vein R4+5 apically; microtrichose except bare cell R and BM; vein Ml+2 without spurs. 
Abdomen: Generally brown; sterna brown except yellow apical margins on 2nd thru 4th sterna, white 
pilose; 1st tergum brown, white pilose; 2nd tergum triangular, about 3 times as wide apically as basally, 
slightly broad apically than long, brown except orange basolateral macula and apical margin, black 
pilose except white along apical margin; 3rd tergum brown with orange posterior margin, black pilose 
except white along posterior margin; 4th tergum brown with orange posterior margin, golden pilose on 
basolateral 2/3, black pilose on apicomedial 1/3; genitalia large, brown; 6th & 7th sterna with yellow 
apical margins; 8th sternum triangular, about as long as 3rd tergum, yellow pilose. 
Length. 17.5 mm, wing 12 mm. 
Female. Unknown. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 15 February 1936, Fritz PLAUMANN,6, from the person- 
al collection of the author and to be deposited in the U. S. National Museum, Washington (USNM). Paratypes: 
Same locality as holotype: 12 February 1938 (1 <J, BMNH). BRAZIL. Parana, Telemaco Borba, Reserva Samuel 
Klabin, 24 November 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap (16\ DZUP). 
573 
MARINONI & THOMPSON: Flower flies of southeastern Brazil (Diptera: Syrphidae). Part I  
Remarks. Mixogaster imitator is most similar and closely related to sartocryptus HULL. In the most 
recent keys to the species of Mixogaster (HULL 1954, CARRERA & LENKO 1958), imitator runs to sartoc- 
ryptus without difficulty, but is easily distinguished from sartocryptus by having the basal cells (cell R 
& BM) hyaline and nearly bare, whereas these are brown and densely microtrichose in sartocryptus. 
Derivation of specific epithet. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and refers the strong mimet- 
ic appearance of this species. 
Copestylum profaupar MARINONI, spec. nov. 
Copestylum 93-2 
Female. Head: Bluish black; face shiny except white pollinose ventrad to antenna and lateraly to eye, 
white pilose, with facial tubercle distinct and large, slightly concave dorsad to tubercle and straight 
ventrad to tubercle; gena with indistinct narrow yellow pollinose vitta; frontal lunule shiny; frons and 
vertex black, shiny, white pilose; ocellar triangle black, shiny, black pilose; occiput entirely white poli- 
nose, white pilose ventrally becoming black pilose on dorsal 1/4; antenna light brown, black pilose; 
blasoflagellomere elongate, about twice as long as broad, with small basoventral sensory pit; arista 
orange on basal 2/3, dark apically, with rays black, longer than the basoflagellomere; 
Thorax:. Bluish black except postpronotum, scutellum and postalar callus brownish, shiny; scutum 
shiny, black pilose except for 5 vittate of short white pile; anepisternum, katepisternum and anepimeron 
black shiny; katepimeron short pilose; scutellum short black pilose except white pilose basally, with 
subscutellar fringe white, with 4-5 pairs of short marginal bristles, punctate; plumula black; calypter 
white with black margin and fringe; halter orange. Wing: hyaline except dark apicoanteriorly, bare 
except microtrichose anteriorly and along margins; alula bare; brown and microtrichose as follows: 
cells C (hyaline to light brown apically) on apical 3/4, Sc, rl except hyaline basal 1/4, r2+3, apical 1/4 
of cell R, apical 1/4 of R4+5 and along crossvein bm-cu and vein CuAl at apex of cell BM; also 
microtrichose along posterior margin of wing beyond cells; cell Rl closed, petiolate and slightly ex- 
panded apically. Legs dark reddish brown to black, black pilose except metacoxa white pilose. 
Abdomen: Bluish black, shiny, white pilose, extensively punctate. 
Length: 8 mm, wing:7 mm. 
Male. Unknown. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 17 October 1938, Fritz PLAUMANN, 9, deposited in the 
Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Paratypes: Brazil, Parana, Fenix, Reserva Estadual (Instituto de Ter- 
ras, Cartografica e Florestas), 22 Sept 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR, Malaise trap (9, DZUP); Foz do Iguacu, 7 
Dec 1966, "Exc. Dept. Zoo." (19, USNM). 
Remarks. In the last published key to Copestylum species (CURRAN 1939), profaupar runs to couplet 
#58, azurea PHILIPPI and saphirina BIGOT, but is easily separated from both by its wing pattern: saphir- 
nia is without wing pattern; azurea has a large median quadrate black macula; and profaupar has the 
anteroapical margin brownish-black. 
Derivation of specific epithet. The species epithet, profaupar, is an arbitary combination of letters 
representing the name of the project and is to be treated as a noun in apposition. 
Myolepta (Protolepidostola) marinonii MARINONI, spec. nov. 
Myolepta 99-10 
Female. Head: Black; face shiny except grayish-white pollinose ventrad to antenna, white pilose on 
ventral 1/4; facial stripe white pollinose; gena shiny except narrowly white pollinose along eye margin, 
white pilose; lunule shiny; frons shiny except narrowly grayish-white pollinose along eye margins, 
white pilose except medially bare, with medial groove on dorsal 2/3, laterad to groove punctate due to 
large areolae of pile; vertex shiny, largely bare, with some brown pile on posterior 'A of ocellar triangle; 
occiput white pollinose, white pilose on ventral 2/3, black pilose dorsally; antenna brownish orange, 
yellow pilose. 
574 
 Studia dipterologica 10 (2003) Heft 2: 565-578 
Thorax: Black; postpronotum shiny except grayish white pollinose anteromesially, black pilose; scutum 
shiny except narrowly grayish white pollinose anteriorly, appearing punctate due to large aveolar pits, 
black pilose, with pile very short and depressed, with scattered white scales; scutellum triangular, not 
produced dorsoapically, shiny, with pile and scales as on scutum, without subscutellar fringe, with a 
marginal row of scales; pleuron shiny except pro- and metathoracic areas gray pollinose, with scattered 
white scales; metasternum bare; calypter white, with margin and fringe brown; halter yellow. Wing: 
light brownish, microtrichose except narrowly bare basoposteriorly on costal and 2nd basal cells, ba- 
soanteriorly on anal cell. Legs: procoxa black, grayish white pollinose, white pilose; mesocoxa shiny 
except mesially gray pollinose, black pilose; metacoxa shiny except mesially gray pollinose, white 
pilose; trochanters black, shiny; femora black, shiny, black pilose; tibiae black, black pilose; pro tarsus 
black except yellow laterally on basitarsomere, black pilose except yellow pilose on basal 2 tarsomeres; 
mesotarsus yellow, yellow pilose except black, black pilose on apical 3 tarsomeres; metatarsus brown- 
ish black, black pilose except yellow pilose on basal 2 tarsomeres. 
Abdomen: Dorsum bluish black; 1st tergum gray pollinose, white pilose; 2nd tergum gray pollinose 
except shiny laterally and with black pollinose transverse macula on apical 1/3, white pilose except 
black pilose on apical 1/2; 3rd tergum gray pollinose except shiny laterally and with black basomedial 
maculae, black pilose except white pilose laterally; 4th tergum shiny except narrowly black pollinose 
basomedially, white pilose; 5th tergum shiny, white pilose; sterna gray pollinose, white pilose. 
Length: 7 mm, wing: 5.5 mm. 
Male: Unknown. 
Types. Holotype: BRAZIL. Parana: Ponta Grossa (Vila Velha), Reserva IAPAR Br376, 12 January 1987, "Lev. Ent. 
PROFAUPAR, Malaise," 9, deposited in collection of Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal Parana. 
Curitiba (DZUP). Paratypes: Same locality as holotype, 6 October 1986 (1 9 DZUP); Guarapuava, Estacao Aguas 
de Santa Clara, 10 November 1986, Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR (1 9 USNM). 
Remarks. Myolepta marinonii belongs to the subgenus Protolepidostola which contains 3 species and 
is restricted to the Neotropics (THOMPSON 1968, 1974). Myolepta marinonii is readily distinguished 
from all other species of Protolepidostola by its dark tarsi and abdomen. 
Derivation of specific epithet. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition in honor of my father, 
Renato Contin MARINONI, who introduced me to Science with enthusiasm and has been responsible for 
great projects such as PROFAUPAR. 
Acknowledgments 
We thank Richard VANE-WRIGHT, the Natural History Museum (formerly the British Museum (Natural History)), 
London (BMNH); Brian BROWN, LOS Angles County Museum, Los Angeles (LACM); David A. GRIMALDI, the 
American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH); Nelson PAPAVERO and Francisca C. do VAL, Museu de 
Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (MZUSP); J. Richard VOCKEROTH, Canadian National Collec- 
tion, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa (CNC) for permission to study material in their care. Other collection acryonyms 
used are DZUP, Colecao de Entomologia Pe Jesus S. Moure, Departmento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do 
Parana, Curitiba; USNM for the National Museum of Natural History, Washington. Taina LITWAK prepared the 
figures of the male genitalia. The senior author thanks the Samuel Wendell Williston Diptera Research Fund (1999) 
and CAPES/Brazil (2001) for providing support for her visits to the Smithsonian Institution. 
We also thank Wayne N. MATHIS of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington; Claudio Jose Barros de CARVALHO, 
Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba; Steven LINGAFELTER, Allen NORRBOM, and Michael SCHAUFF of the Sys- 
tematic Entomology Laboratory, USD A, Washington; and Steve GAIMARI of the California Department of Food and 
Agriculture (CDFA), Sacramento, for their critical review of the manuscript. 
The senior author initiated this study, while doing the preliminary sorting and identification to morphospecies. 
Together we prepared this first manuscript and the descriptions of the new species. Some of the new species had 
been previously recognized by the junior author and these are identified by his numerical code numbers. 
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Author's addresses 
Luciane MARINONI 
Departamento de Zoologia 
Universidade Federal do Parana 
Caixa postal 19020, CEP 81531-990 
Curitiba, Parana 
BRAZIL 
F. Christian THOMPSON 
Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA 
NHB-168 Smithsonian Institution 
Washington, D. C. 20560 
USA 
The paper was accepted on 10 January 2003. 
Editum: 19 May 2004. 
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