MAMMALS OF BANKA, MENDANAU, AND BILLITONISLANDS, BETWEEN SUMATRA AND BORNEO.
By Marcus Ward Lyon, Jr.,Assistant Curatar, Division of Maimnals.
This paper is based on 274 specimens of mammals collected on theislands of Banka and Billiton and on the little island of MendanauIj'ing off the west coast of Billiton (see map, page 577), b}' Dr. W. L.Abbott, between January 20, 1904, and August 14, 1904, and pre.sented to the United States National Museum. No general account,so far as I am aware, has appeared concerning the mammal fauna ofBanka. Jentink** has twice published lists of the mammals of Billiton.Man}" specimens in the collection of the Leyden Museum are recordedfrom Banka b}- Schlegel, b}" Jentink,^ and l\v Midler.'Recently Willink'' has published a list of the mammals of the DutchEast Indies, showing the species known from Banka and Billiton aswell as from many other islands.Banka, also spelled Bangka, the larger of the two islands, is just offthe coast of Siunatra from which it is separated b}" a channel less than10 miles wide in places and varying in depth between 10 and 19 fath-oms. The average width of the island is about 50 miles and its length,which extends from northwest to southeast, is about 150 miles. Thereare several hills on it, the highest of which is in the northern part andis recorded as being 2,296 feet in altitude. Doctor Abbott's remarkson his collecting stations are given be3'ond.Billiton, measuring about 50 miles square, lies nearl}" 50 miles tothe east of the southern extremity of Banka. The highest hill on itis said to be 1,673 feet in altitude. The waters between Banka andBilliton have a depth ratiging from 19 to 29 fathoms. A number ofsmall islands occupy this channel. Doctor Abbott collected only onone of them, Mendanau, about 4 miles to the west of Billiton. Billi-
" Notes, Leyden Museum, XII, 1890, pp. 149-154; and XIII, 1891, pp. 207-209.
'J Catalogue Systematique des Mammiferes. Catalogue Osteologique des Mammi-feres, and Siniiae. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas.
'Yerhandl. Natuur. Geschied. Nederl. Over. Bezitt. ZooL, 1839-44.
''Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, XLV, 10th ser., Pt. 9, pp. 153-345.Proceedings U. S. National Museum, Vol. XXXI?No. 1498. 575
576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.ton is .separated from the west coast of Borneo by the wide KariniataStrait (about 1;^5 miles), which has an average depth of about 25fathoms. The notes on Doctor Abbott's collecting stations are given])eyond.From the geographical situation of these two islands it would beexpected that their mammal faunas would be similai- to the fauna ofSumatra; but from a study of Doctor Al)bott's collections it ))ecomesapparent that the zoological relations of these two islands, so far asmammals are concerned, are with distant Borneo, and not with near bySumatra. The relationship between themselves is rather close.SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SrEVIES.TRAGULUS BANCANUS, new species.1887. Tfugulus wqni Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Pays-Bag, IX, Cat. Oteol.Mammiferesi, 1887, p. 150.1891. Tragulus napii Jextink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII, 1891, p. 209.1905. Tragulus luipn Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdsclirift Nederlandsch-Iiidi;-,XLV, p. 198.Type.?Aduh female, skin and skull, Cat. No. 124714, U.S.N.M.Collected at Tanjong Tedong, island of Banka, east of Sumatra, May31, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 8283.Diagnostic charaeters.?Very closely related to Tragulus napu ofSumati'a, but brighter in color; skull not quite so large.Color.?Type: General color above tawny-ochraceous (in T. tiajni itis ochraceous), but everywhere ver}' largely -obscured by the conspic-uous black tips to the hairs. On the sides the tawny-ochraceous isreplaced by a dull ochraceous or ochraceous buff. Top and sides ofthe head and neck similar in color to })ack, but less obscured by blacktips to the hairs, except along* the indistinct nape stripe. Underpartswhite, except a short narrow suffusion of the color of the sides justposterior to the chest. Throat pattern normal, the hairs of the darkstripes a dull tawny-ochraceous. l)ut heavily tipped with black sothat but little of the former color is seen. Hairs of collar dull ochra-ceous tipped with black, both colors equally prominent. Forearmsimilar in color to the back on outer side, but l)lack tips to hairs lessconspicuous and scarcely noticeable or absent al)out the wrist. Innerside of foreleg white. Hind legs similar in color to the sides, butblack less conspicuous. Just above heel, at situation of gland, arather conspicuous spot of tawny-ochraceous, in contrast to the gen-eral ochraceous color of the legs. Tail like back above, but black notso conspicuous; white below and at tip.Skull and teeth.?There are no characters by which the skull ofTragulus hancanus can be disting'uished from that of T. napu.Measurements.?See table, page 681.
}fAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 577
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxi?Uo 38
578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.Specimens examined.?Five females and 1 male, all from the islandof Banka, as follows: Klabat Baj", 3; Tanjong Bedaan, 1; TanjongTedong, 1; Tanjong Rengsam, 1.Rernarl's.?The series of Tragidus hancaniis is very uniform in color.Two of the specimens have the black tips of the hairs worn off, andare consequentl}^ lighter than the others. It is most closely relatedto T. napu, from which it differs in its brightei- color. It differs inthe same respect from T. canescens of the Malay Peninsula, as well asin its slightly smaller size.TRAGULUS BILLITONUS, new species.1891. Tragidus napu, melani^tic variety, Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII,1891, p. 209.1905. Tragulus napu Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdsclirift Nederlandach-Indie,XLV, p. 198.Ti/pe.--Adnh male, skin and skull, Cat. No. 124929, LI. S.N. M., col-lected at Tanjong Batu, Billiton Island, east of Sumatra, Jnlj 20,1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 3521.Diagnostic cliaracters.?A member of the Tragulus napu group,related to T. pretieUus and T. umhrinns, but darker and duller in colorthan the former, lacking the bright color along the sides of the body,neck, and head, and not quite so dark as the latter, and with a well-defined nape stripe instead of the diffused dark color of the neck inumhrinus.Color.?Type: General color of hairs above tawny-ochraceous, butheavily tipped with black, the latter color predominating in the gen-eral effect. On the sides the tawn3^-ochraceous is replaced by buff' andthe black tips to the hairs are less conspicuous. Top and sides of headand neck similar iii color to the back, but black tips to the hairs lessconspicuous except along the rather narrow nape stripe. Under partswhite in region of chest and groin, but the middle of the belly, for anextent of 150 mm., is suff'used with ochraceous buff'. Throat patternnormal, the hairs a somewhat duller tawnj^-ochraceous than the backand heavily tipped with black so that the latter color predominates.Hairs of collar lighter in color, approaching ochraceous buff', withl)lack tips, both colors equally prominent. Foreleg generally tawny-ochraceous, without uuich admixture of black. A narrow, white lineextends on the inner side of the leg from the wrist upward to meet thewhite of the chest. Hind leg similar to foreleg in color, but generallydarker and with more white on the imier side. Upper surface of tailsimilar to back, but ))lack of hairs not so conspicuous. Tip and under-side of tail white. Ears, orbital ring, preorbital stripe, nose and lipsblackish.Sku/l and teeth.?Apparentl}^ there are no characters by which todistinguish the skull of Tragulus biUitonus from that of related species.
NO. 1498. 3LUfMALS OF BAXKA AND BILLITOX?LYON. 579Measurements.?See pag'e 581.Specimens examined.?Eight males, two females, all from the islandof Billitou; Tanjong Batu, six; Bukit Menguru, three; Tanjong Poe-tak, one.Bemarlis.?The series is fairly uniform in color. The underpartsare mainly whitish in most of the specimens; the type has the mostextensive sufi'usion. Many of the specimens have a narrow, dark lineextending in the median line of the chest, sometimes from the collarto the middle of the belly, but usuall}' shorter. Two of the speci-mens. Cat. Nos. 124930 and 125003, U.S.N.M., are somewhat lighterand grayer than the average of the series; Cat. No. 124930, U.S.N.M.,is further abnormal or partl}^ albinistic in having a thick scattering ofgray hairs on the top of the neck and shoulders and a few scatteredwhitish patches over the surface of the body.TRAGULUS LUTEICOLLIS, new species.1891. Tragulus kanchil Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII, 1891, j). 209.Type.?K&wM male, skin and skull. Cat. No. 124733, U.8. N.M., col-lected at Tanjong Bedaan, island of Banka, east of Sumatra, June 12,1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 3311.DliKjnostlc chnraciers.?Very closely related to l^ragulus ka/ic/iil ofSumatra, from which it differs in a generally duller color very notice-able on side of head and neck, and less black on the upper parts. Itis slightly larger than h/nchil, as may be seen by reference to table ofmeasurements on page 581.Color.?Type: General color of hairs above a dull ochraceous-buffor orange-butf, tipped with black; the two colors about equally promi-nent except along the well-marked nape stripe and crown of head,which are neaVly entirel}^ black. On the sides of the body the blackis less in evidence than on the back, and the ochraceous-buti' is paler.Underparts generally white, a buff}' suffusion in axilla?; a suffusedpatch, 18 cm. long, of similar color in the ventral line, al)out 1 cm.wide anteriorly where it is of the same color as the collar and widen-ing out posteriorly to 4 cm. where it is a dull ochraceous-l)ufl' unmixedwith blackish tips of the hairs. Throat pattern normal, similar incolor to the middle of the sides; less black in the collar, so that it isnearly a clear dull ochraceous-buff'. Forelegs almost a pure ochra-ceous, slightly sprinkled with black in the upper portion. A narrowwhite stripe on inner side of leg. Hind leg generally similar to colorof middle of sides, but a little brighter; inner side white. Uppersurface of the tail like back; tip and underside white. Sides of headand neck a dull orange or ochraceous-l)uff', more buffy anteriorly,grizzled by the blackish tips to the hairs. Ears blackish.Five of the specimens of Tragulus luteicollis are considerably lighterin color along the back and sides than is the t^^pe specimen and rest of
580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.the series, due to the wearing otf of the })lack tips to the hairs. Thegeneral ochraceous buff is also lighter and duller in color in thesespecimens.ShuU and teeth.?There are no characters by Avhich the skull ofTraguluH luteicolUs can be distinguished from that of T. Irinchil. Aseries of measurements (see table, page 581) shows the skull to })eslightly larger in the average.Meamrements.?See table, page 581.Specimens examined.?Ten females and 8 males; 11 fully adult, 3nearly adult and -1 3^<nuig; all from the island of Banka; 11 from Tan-jong Bedaan, 1 from Tanjong Tedong, 1 from Tanjong Rengsam, and2 from Parmassan.Eemarl's.? Tragalm luteicolUs is closely related to T. Innchil, butis readily distinguished by the more yellow color on the sides of theneck, and generally darker back. From T. carirnatae it differs in thesmaller size and more yellow neck. From T. varus it differs in beinggenerally less ruddy and bright, especially along the sides of the bodyand neck.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 581
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582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.MUNTIACUS? BANCANUS, new species.1891." Cerrnlas muntjac Je^ttink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII, 1891, p. 209(Billiton specimens).1905. Cervulus muntjac Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdscrhift Nederlandsch-Iudiu,XLY, p. 189. (Banka and BiUiton.)T^i^^.?Skin and skull of adult female, Cat. No. 124726, U.S.N.M.,collected at Tanjong- Bedaan, island of Banka, east of Sumatra, June7, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 3296.Diagnostic characters.?Externally similar to Muntlacns moschatus(Blainville) of Sumatra, but decidedly smaller. Skull similar to thatof 2funtlacus j^leiJiaricus (Koblbrugge) of Borneo, but interpterygoidspace narrower and lachr3"mo-maxillary suture distinctl}^ longer.Color.?General color of upper parts of liod}' and tail somethingbetween Ridgwa^'s hazel and ferruginous, deepest along the middleline, becoming duller and lighter along the sides and flanks and thighs.Beginning at the ears and extending over the shoulder the ferruginous-hazel color is overwashed with blackish, caused by the black subapicalrings of the hairs in that region. Crown of head, bright ferruginous-hazel. A black line extends from near the base of ear downwardand inward to meet the corresponding line of the other side in themiddle line at about the level of the opening of the lachrymal gland.Muzzle indefinitely brownish. Sides of head and neck similar to sidesof body. Under parts from axilhv to inguinal region similar to sidesof body, an indistinct brownish mid-ventral line. Chin, upper throat(lower throat similar to sides of neck), axilhe, narrow band across chest,inside of upper foreleg, inguinal region, inner side of thighs, andunder surface of tail white. Fore and hind legs washed with dullbrownish. A small lighter colored area just above hoofs correspondsto the conspicuous white spots seen in the same location in the IndianMuntjacs. External surface of ears blackish; internally, scantilyhaired, buff3^.Skull and teeth.?Very similar to those in 3Iunt!acus 2^^<^''^haricu8from Borneo. If the inferior-external boundaries of the interptery-goid space be prolonged backward the}^ will bo found to pass internalto the paramastoid process in the Banka Muntjac, while in the BorneanMuntjac they pass much external to this process. In Mimtiacuslancaiias the lachrymo-maxillary suture measures about 20 mm.,while in M. pleiharicus it is about 15 mm. The posterior root of thezygomatic process is sharply marked off from the glenoid fossa by aconspicuous rounded ridge in the Muntjac from Borneo, while in theone from Banka the posterior root of the zygomatic process graduallymerges into the rest of the process. This difference is rather hard to
? The well-known name Cervulus Blainville, 1816, is antedated by Muntiacus Rafin-esque, 1815.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 583describe, but is easily appreciated in viewing the two forms. In thefronto-nasal region and just posteriorly, on the upper surface ofthe skull, is found a well-marked concavity in the Bornean animal,which is lacking- in the one from Banka. The mandibular symphysismeasures on its upper aspect about 25 mm. in M. plelhavicus andabout 20 mm. in M. hancanus. The antero-posterior diameter of thefirst lower premolar is greater in the Bornean animal than in theone from Banka; the same differences are found in the lirst upperpremolars.Measurements.?For measurements of Banka Muntjacs and specimensfrom Sumatra, Borneo, and the Malay Peninsula see table, page 5S4.Specimens examined.?Two adult females, skins and skulls. Cat. No.121726, U.S.N.M., the type froniTanjong Bedaan, and Cat. No. 124752,U.S.N.M., from Parmassan, the frontlets and antlers of five malesfrom Parmassan and one frontlet (with skin dried on) and antlersfrom Buding Kampong, Billiton.Bema/'Ii.s:?Mnntlacas hancanus is at once distinguished by its smallersize from J/, moschatus of Sumatra and from J ^ graudicornis of theMalay Peninsula, from M. j)leiliaricus^'^ of Borneo, it is readily sepa-rated by its brighter color, absence of a dorsal stripe, and b}^ well-defined cranial characters. The single specimen from Billiton con-sisting only of a pair of antlers, the frontlet and its dried skin is veryclose to the Bankan Muntjac. The colors in the frontlet are brightand well marked, and in size it agrees with the Banka specimens.
? I have referred three specimens of Bornean Muntjacs in the United States NationalMuseum to this spet-ies. Two skins of females agree fairly well as to color with theoriginal description of M. j)leihark'its and possess a dorsal stripe though it is not wellmarked and the antlers and frontlet of a male are about the same in size as the orig-inal figure of M. pleiharicus (Kohlbrugge, Natuurkundig TijdschriftvoorNederlandsch9th ser., IV, 1896, p. 192, plate facing p. 260.) I do not believe that much weightcan be placed on the shape of the antlers of M. pleiharicus for an adult male fromTenasserin, Cat. No. 111969 U.S.N.M., has antlers and pedicles very similar to thosefigured by Kohlbrugge.
584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Measurements of specimens of Mimtjacs from Banket, Borneo, Sumatra, and MalayPeninsula.
Name.
NO. 1498. 3fAM3fALS OF BANKA AMD BILLITON?L YON. 585applied to the small form represented by the Bornean animal, andprovisionall}" to the other insular specimens.No Sambars were obtained on Banka.Measurements of specimens of Rusa from Malnij Peninsula and Archipelago.
Locality. Nuiii-1)IT. Age.
Malay Peninsula-. VictoriaIsland.Malay Peninsula: Tenas-
.serim; Maliwun.DoMalay Peninsula: VictoriaIsland.Malay Peninsula: Tenas-serim: Maliwun.Malay Peninsula: Pahang:Rumpin River.Malay Peninsula: SungeiBalik.Billitnn: Buding Kampong .DoDoDoBilliton: Buding BayBorneo: Kapuas RiverDoPagi Islands: North PagiDoDoNias Islands: Siaha BayNias Islands: Telok Dalam .DoDoNia.s Islands: LafauNias Islands: Siaba Bay
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.
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...do...Female
.
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...do..FemaleMale ..
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300
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I
do...i 290Adult |....do...ido dodo '....dodo
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do
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586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voiDiagnostic characters.?Like Ratufa ephij^plum from Borneo, butwith a distinctly gni}^ or dirt^'-white head, sides more grizzled andless reddish.Color.?Tj'pe: Upper surface of neck, bod\', and the sides a griz-zle of ochraceous (a little lighter than that of Ridgway) and black,the latter predominating in the median line and forming an ill-detinedbroad streak on the lower back, the ochraceous predominating aboutthe shoulder and anterior half of the sides, the two colors aboutequally mixed along the posterior half of the sides. Lower throat,underparts of body, inner side of legs, ochraceous. Nose, cheeks,insides of ears, and extreme upper part of throat dirty white orcream-])uff'; top of head a grizzle of black and cream-])uti'; side of neckfor about 10 mm. posterior to ear rather light ochraceous, devoid ofblack grizzling, extending upward to outer surface of ear, where itbecomes bufly. Fringe on outer surface of forearm tawny; forefeet dull ochraceous; outside of foreleg similar to sides of body, innerside ochraceous. Hind feet ochraceous; lower leg and thigh a darkor almost tawny ochraceous, the upper and outer surface of the thighbeing encroached on by the grizzling of the sides of the bod3^ Uppersurface of tail dark brown, something between Ridgway's bui'nt umberand seal brown, almost black at the extreme tip; underside of tailsimilar for outer half of hairs, inner half of hairs dull ochraceous, theshort appressed hairs clear ochraceous.SI'kU and teeth.?These closely resemble those of specimens ofHatufa ephippium from western Borneo.Measnre))ients.?Type: Head and body, 315 mm.; tail vertebra?,337; hind foot, 79 (71). Skull of type: Upper length, 64.0; basal length,53.6; basilar length, 50.2; palatal length, 29.1; condylo-basal length,57.8; zygomatic breadth. 41.1; interorbital constriction, 27.6; con-striction Ix'hind postorbital processes, 21.8; diastema, 15.5; maxillarytooth row (alveoli), 13.5; mandible, back of condyle to front of 9,yra-ph3^sis, 41.2; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 12.7. For measurementsof the sei;jes see table, page 589.Specimens examined.?Thirteen; see table, page 589.JReriiarl's.?None of the series examined show any marked deviationin color from the type. The amount of Avhite or gray on the head issubject to some variation, being more extensive on the top of thehead in some individuals than in others. In Cat. Nos. 124932 and124974, U.S.N.M., the tawn3'-ochraceous of the hind legs is replacedby a sort of dull ochraceous. Only one of the specimens, Cat. No.125008, U.S.N.M., is in old worn pelage; the black of its upper partshas been bleached to a dull brown, or brownish black. Some of theother specimens have the tails dull brownish black. On holding-Cat. No. 124975, U.S.N.M., an immature female, in certain lightsthere can be made out 13 indistinct rings in the tail caused by narrow
1
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 587(about 3 mm. wide) terminal and subterminal ferruoinous bands onthe otherwise black hairs. Some of the other specimens when lookedat in certain lig-hts show indistinct aniuilations on the tail, especiallyCat. No, 125008, U.8.N.M., the one in worn pelage, which shows 6indistinct blackish brown bands on the tail (15-30 mm. wide) alternat-ing with the dull brown of the rest of the tail.Ratufa polia differs from JR. epliijrpiuyn in its marked gray head, inwhich respect it resembles R. hypoleuca of Sumatra; but in hypoleucathe underparts are white, in marked contrast to the sides, and thehead is less white. The affinities of Ratufa polia are clearly with theBornean form.As Jentink identified the Billiton giant squirrel as Sciurus alhlcepsDesmarest, the following notes made by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., onthe type in the Paris Museum will prove of interest and show thatRatufa polia needs no comparison with R. alMceps:Ratufa albiceps (Desmarest) type, mounted. Adult female, nursing. On base ofstand, "Ecureuil a tete blanche de Java, par Leschenault 1808, S. alhlceps (Desm.)type." The specimen represents a species I have never seen. In general it may bedescribed as a small bicolor with normal tail, hut puHiata back so developed that themantle covers the entire back, sides, and forelegs, allowing the black to appear nowhereexcept on front feet, a narrow line along posterior edge of front leg and on hind feet,legs, and thighs, the thighs showing some of the characteristic bicolor- speckling;entire head and distal portion of neck white, a fairly well-defined brownish streak7 mm. wide extending back from ear to join brown of neck. Underparts andinner surface of legs dirty yellowish. The light tips of the hairs of the tail are dirtywhite without trace of yellow; but the yellow may easily have been bleached out.They are about the normal extent for bicolor. Proximal fifth of tail concolor withhind legs?that is, a mixture of blackish and a dull indefinite brown beneath thesurface. Lines of demarcation everywhere well defined except between white ofhead and colors of back and breast. Ears in bad condition, but apparently whitishinside and browaiish outside. Whiskers blackish. Measurements from mountedspecimen: Head and body, 350; tail vertebrae, 320; hind foot, 65 (60); outer toe andclaw, 21. RATUFA POLIA BANCANA, new subspecies.Ti/pe.?Adnh male, skin and skull, Cat. No. 121680 U,S.N.M., col-lected at Tanjong Rengsam, island of Banka, east of Sumatra, May 27,1901, by Dr, W, L. Abbott. Original number 3277.D'tagwMle characters.?Like Ratufa jxdia from Billiton, but fore-feet lighter in color, less white on head, and teeth smaller.Color.?T3'pe: Upper surface of neck, body, and the sides a grizzle'of ochraceous (a little lighter than that of Ridgway) and brownish ordull black, the latter predominating in the median line, where it formsan ill-defined dark stripe, the two colors equally mixed along thesides. About the shoulder, especially anteriorly and on outer surfaceof upper arm, the ochraceous is replaced by a dirty white or cream-bufi" color. Lower throat, underparts of body, inner sides of legs,light ochraceous or almost ochraceous-buti'. Nose and cheeks, dirty
588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. tol. xxxi.
white, with dark bases of hairs showing. Top of head, brownishblack, rather sparingly sprinkled with dirt}^ white. Inner side ofears and small area in front of ear, cream-butf. Outer side of ear andside of neck for about 10 mm. behind ear ochraceous-buff, devoid ofblack grizzling. Fringe on outer surface of forearm, light tawnyochraceous; outer side of foreleg a grizzle of dull black and dirtywhite, dissimilar to sides of body; inner side of foreleg ochraceous-buff, deeper than that of Ridgway ; lower foreleg and foot generallybuffy. Hind feet, light, ochraceous-buff; inside of hind leg and thighlight ochraceous-buff, the longer hairs bordering the inner side tawnyochraceous. Outer surface of hind leg almost as far as heel similarto sides of body. Upper surface of tail dark brown, somethingbetween Ridgway 's burnt umber and seal brown; underside of tail,blackish for the outer half or two-thirds of the hairs; inner half ofhairs between buff and ochraceous-buff', the short, median appressedhairs ochraceous.Skull and teeth.?In the great majority of cases RatiifajyoUa hancanacan be readily separated from Ratufa polla b}' the distinctly shorterlength of its tooth row and smaller teeth; but a few of the skulls inthe two series can not be so distinguished.Measurements.?Type: Head and body, 3i5 mm. ; tail vertebrse, 425;hind foot, 76 (71). Skull of tj'pe: Upper length, 64.5; basal length,54.0; basilar length, 50.9; cond^^lo-basal length, 58.7; palatal length,28.7; zygomatic breadth. 39.5; interorbital constriction, 26.8; con-striction behind postorbital processes, 21.6; diastema, 15.6; maxillarytooth row (alveoli), 12.1; mandible, back of condj^Ie to front of sym-physis, 40.4; mandibular tooth row, 13. For measurements of theseries see table, page 589.Specim?ns examined.?Fourteen; see table, page 589.Remarks.?Most of the specimens of Ratufa polla har^cana are inold worn and bleached pelage, so that, in comparing the ser' s as awhole with that of Ratufa jwlia., the two look very different. But bycomparing individuals in like stages of wear the differences, whileapparent and constant, are not so great. In the Banka animal the foreand hind feet are lighter than they are in the Billiton one; the cheeksand sides of the neck are lighter; the forearm and anterior shoulderarea are dirt}^ white grizzled with blackish, instead of ochraceous withblack grizzling. In the Banka form the heads are less gra}" than inthe typical form, but, as in the Billiton animal, the amount of lightcoloring is somewhat variable. Some of the specimens show theindistinct rings on the tails, such as are seen in R. polla.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON^LYON. 589
External and cranial measurements of Eatufas from Banka and BilUton.
Name.
Ratufa polia bancana.DoDoDoDo .DoDo .Do ,Do .DoDoDoDoDoRatufa polia.DoDoDoDoDoDoDoDoDoDoDoDo
Locality.
Rengsam Point.do
.....dododododoBedaan Point. .
.
Bukit Parmas-san.doKlabat Baydodo
....doBatu PointBuding Bav
....do....:Poetak Point . .Bukit Menguru.do
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
..do.
.:do.
..do.
Num-ber.
124674124675124676124677124678124679al24680124743124748124749124868124869124870124871124932124974ftl24975124993012500412.500512.50U612500712500812.5009125010125011125012
Male...
....do..
....do..
....do..Female
....do..Male . .
.
....do..
....do..
....do..Female
....do..,Male....
...do...Female
,
....do..,
...do..,
...do...
...do..,Male....
...do...Female.Male....
...do...Female.
...do...Male
mm.325340340340345335345345330340345325335340320340295348345337345335360340330340340
mm.357390415370370425390340365385380400400370390370385377352390380367380375365375
mm.77817579787976777878817979777477
mm.61.76.5.163.562.064.064.164.563.261.4
64.562.762.862.862.863.359.464.564.061.863.265.063.563.962.864.761.8
o a>
mm..38.838.438.938.539.438.439.539.239.5
39.039.539.938.938.140.535.740.741.138.439.140.240.540.139.540.740.9
mm.25.525.326.124.726.225.
9
26.825.826.
5
26.426.626.426.026.526.027.123.028.427.625.72.5.826.726.726.526.628.227.2
CS O
mm.12.012.412.212.512.312.112.112.813.0
12.512.012.013.013.412.712.413.213.513.012.913.413.113.312.812.712.8
a Type. '' Immature.SCIURUS BANGKANUS Schlegel.1863. Sciurus prevostii hangkanus Schlegel, Nederlandsch Tijdsch. Dierkunde,I, p. 26, pi. I, %. 2.1888. Sciurus prevostii Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst.Mammiferes, p. 26.1905. Sciurus prevostii Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,XLV, p. 240.For list of specimens and measurements see table, page 591. Thisseries of topotypes differs in color from Schlegel's very good figure asfollows: Tawny of the underparts deeper and darker, nearly likeRidgway's tawny; no pronounced black stripe bordering the tawny,the tawny merel}^ much darker with the basal half of the hairs black-ish; shoulder slightly more yellowish than in the figure.SCIURUS MENDANAUUS, new species.1890. Sciurus 2jrei'0stii JEtiTitiK, Notes Leyden Museum, XII, p. 149, March 10,1890.1905. Sciurus prevostii Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,XLV, p. 240.Ti/jj>e.~Miih male, skin and skull, Cat. No. 124916, U.S.N.M., col-lected on Pulo Mendanau, west of Billiton Island, Malay Archipelago,July 14, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 3475.
590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM tol. xxxi.Diagnostic characters.?Similar to Sciurus ca,rhnatdd Miller, butunderparts and shoulder darker. Differs from Sciurus raffiesi in itsmuch lighter shoulder.Color.?Type: Upper parts of head, neck, and body and a narrowstripe on outer surface of hind leg- black. Underparts, fore leo-s, andfeet, and inner surface of hind legs and feet, deep, rich ferruginous,-brightest on the throat, darkest on the forearm and on the feet, wherethe color approaches hazel. The white stripe extends from behind theshoulder to the heel. In the region of the hips it is widest andencroached on liy the black, which makes a slight grizzle. Area atbase of whiskers and chin, white slightly grizzled with black. Sidesof head and neck a fine grizzle of black and white, the former inexcess. White spot on cheek indistinct. Shoulder orange-ochraceous,grizzled with black, due to bases of hairs showing, blending in withthe deep rich ferruginous of the arm, and with the white of the sidestripe. Tail uniformly black, but not so deep and clear as on the back.Skull.?Not distinguishable with certainty from that of Sciuntscarijjiatce; maxillary tooth row a little longer.Jleasurenients.?External measurements of the type: Figures inparentheses are measurements of a cotype of ASciu/'us rajflesi (No. 84.0,3.8, Sumatra Raffles?British Museum) and the type of S. carimatse.Total length, U8 mm, ( , 428); head and body, 238 ( , 243); tailvertebra?, 210 ( , 185); hind foot with claws, 55 (56, 52); hind footwithout claws, 51 (51, 47).Cranial measurements of the type, of a cotype of *S'. rafflesi and thetype of S. cari/natx: Greatest length, 54 mm. (55, 53.5); basal length,46.5 (48.6, 46.5); basilar length, 43.5 (45.6, 43.5); palatilar length, 23.5(24.8, 23); diastema, 13.5 (13.6, 13); zygomatic breadth, 33 (31, 32.5);interorbital constriction, 22 (23, 21); least depth of ramus of mandiblein front of tooth row, 5 (5, 5); maxillary tooth row (alveoli), 11.25(11.4, 10); mandibular tooth row, 11 (11.4, 10).Specimens examined.?See table, page 591.RemarTts.?The series of specimens is very uniform in color andpattern, and none show any deviation from the type. Sciurus men-danauus is easily distinguishable from -6'. carimatse by its darkershoulder and underparts and by the greater length of the tooth rowsof the skulls. From S. rafflesi of Sumatra it differs in its slightlysmaller size and much lighter shoulder. Mr. Miller, in comparingspecimens of S. melanops with cot3'pe No. 84.6, 3.8 of ,5'. rafflesifrom Sumatra, in the British Museum, noted that the shoulder in thelatter has the palest red, about the same in color as the darkest at theside of the wrist of a specimen of S. melandps (Cat. No. 113153,U. S. N. M.)?that is, a deep rich ferruginous of Ridgw^ay. His notes donot show whether or not the shoulder of S. rafflesi is grizzled as it is in8. mendanauus^ but if it is he would hardly have failed to remark on
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 591it in comparing it with S. melanops^ in wliich the shoulder is notgrizzled. In pattern and color <5. vtendanauus. is nearly identical with
xS. Ixinghanus; the shoulder in the latter is lighter and in some speci-mens inclining to grayish, but the Banka squirrel is much larger. Seetable, page .591.External and cranial measurements of tSciurns hangkanus and of Schirun mendanauas.
592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.Tapanuli Bay, western Sumatra), the outer about 3 nun. wide at themiddle, dirt}' butf in color; the inner about 5 nnu. wide, black, with aslight grizzling- of the ochraceous rufous of the underparts. Sides ofhead and under surface of tail similar in color to outer surfaces of legs.Memurements.?See table, page 592.Sjpecimens examined.?Eleven; see table, page 592.Remarks.?This squirrel is distinguishable in color from Sciuriismttatus (specimens from Tapanuli Ba}^, western Sumatra) by its lessyellow cheeks and distinctly rufous feet. From S. pen/n.st//arfs it isdistinguished by the narrow dirty buff instead of whitish cream-buffside stripe and by the narrower less clear black side stripe and thegreater suffusion of the ochraceous rufous of the underparts on thefeet. Skins of S. tedongus are practically indistinguishable fromthose of 8. hillitonas^ though the hind foot averages a little smaller(see table p. 592) and the tips of the tails are inclined to tawny.The skulls of Semrns tedomjux differ from those of S. hUlitonus inthe shorter length of the maxillar}' tooth row (9 mm. as against 10mm.), but are indistinguishable from skulls of S. peninsidaris in thisrespect.External and cranial measurements ofplantain squirrels from Banln and Billiton.
Name.
Sciurus tedonqus .
.
Do :DoDoDoDoDoDoDoDoDoSciurus biUitonus.DoDo.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.Do.
Locality. Num-ber.
Banka,Rengsam PointdodododododciBanka, Tedong- Point.Banka, Bodaan Point.Banka, Klaljat Bay ...do :....Billiton, Batu Point .
.
do
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do.
-do.
.do.Billiton, Pingg-i Point.Billiton, Buding Bay .doBilliton, Batu Point .
.
124683124684124680124086124687124688124689"124717124744^-1248741247451249331249341249351 24931
;
12493712493S12^939iil244401249)11249721249760124977bl24942
Female.Male ...
...do...
...do...
...do...
...do...Female.Male . .
.
...do...Female.Male ...
...do...
...do...
...do...Female.
...do...
...do...Male . .
...do...
...do...
...do...Female.
...do...
...do...
w
NO. 1498. MA3fMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 593I}/7>t'.?Adult female, skin and skull, Cat. No. 124977, U.S.N.M.,collected at Budinj^ Bay, island of Billiton, between Sumatra andBorneo, August 5, 1904, b}^ Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 3539.Dlagnodic characters.?Similar to Sciurus peninsularis and to S.tedongus. Black and white stripes on sides not so wide and clear as inS. peninsularis. Tip of tail not so much inclined to reddish as ineither. Outer surface of legs and i;pper surface of feet suffused withorange-rufous of underparts as in S, tedongus., much more than in S.peninsularis. Maxillary tooth row averaging about 1 mm. longerthan in S. 2)e7iinsularis, vittatus or tedongus.Color.?Type: Upper parts and tail a tine grizzle of black and acolor lying between ochraceous-buff and a pale tawny olive; the blackrather in excess on the body, and the two about equally mixed in thetail. Underparts and inner surface of legs ochraceous rufous. Aslight wash of this color extends on the outer surfaces of the legs,becoming marked on the upper surface of the feet. Lateral stripes asin Sciurus vittatus from Tapanuli Bay, Sumatra, the outer about 3mm. wide at the middle, dirty buff, the inner about 7 mm. wide, blackwith a ver}^ slight grizzling of the ochraceous rufous of the under-parts. Sides of head and under surface of tail similar to outer surfaceof legs.Measurements.?See table, page 592.Specimens examined.?Thirteen; see table, page 592.Remarhs.?This squirrel is distinguishable in color from Sciurus vit-tatus (Tapanuli Bay, Sumatra) by its less yellow cheeks and distinctlyrufous feet. From S. peninsularis it is distinguished b}^ the narrowdirty buff instead of whitish cream-buff side stripe and by the nar-rower, less clear, black stripe and the greater suff'usion of the ochra-ceous rufous of the underparts on the feet and by the greater lengthof the maxillary tooth row. Skins of S. hillitonus are almost indis-tinguishable from skins of S. tedongus., but the hind foot averages alittle longer (see table, page 592), and the tips of the tails are not so muchinclined to reddish. The skulls of the Banka and Billiton squirrelsare easily separable by the greater length of the maxillary tooth rowof the latter. (See table, page 592.)SCIUROPTERUS VORDERMANNI Jentink.1890. Sciuropierus vordermamil Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XII, p. 150,pi. VII, figs. 13 and 14, March, 1890.1905. Sciuropterus vorderinanni Willink, NatuurkundigTijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, p. 233.Doctor Abbott secured one specimen, an adult female, at BudingBay, Billiton. Its colors differ in no essential respects from those givenin the original description. The skull is exactly like the figures of thetype. Measurements: Cat. No. 124986, U.S.N.M. Head and body,103 mm.; tail vertebrjp, 100; tail to end of hairs, 113; hind foot withProc. N. M. vol. xxxi?06 39
594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.claws, 22; ear from meatus, 12; greatest length of skull, 29; nasals,median lino, 8; greatest breadth of skull, 17.3; diastema, 5.6; lengthof upper molar series, 5..5.NANNOSCIURUS BANCANUS Lyon.1888. Sciurus soridnus Jenti^k, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., XII, Cat. Syst. Mammiferes,p. 25.1905. Nunnosciurus melanotis Willixk, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, p. 249.1906. Nannosciurus bancanus Lyon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIX, p. 55,May 1, 1906.Represented by 12 specimens, all from the island of Banka. Nonewere secured on Billiton. For table of measurements of this andrelated species, see page 594.External and cranial measurements of pig)ay squirrels from Sumatra, Borneo, Java,Sinkep, and Banka.
Name.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 595MUS CREMORIVENTER Miller.Three rats of this group were collected on Banka and one on Billi-ton. The,v are not appreciaV)ly different from Mas cremorlventer Mil-ler, of the Malay Peninsula. The Banka specimens are not full^^adult; the scales on the tails are a little smaller and the teeth a littlelarger than they are in the Billiton specimen. The material is toolimited for arriving at any positive conclusi-ons. For measurements,see table page 51)5.ExleriuU and cranial measuronents of Mas Jirmu-'> and Miis croaorirenter.
Name.
596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Measurements of Mus asper.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 597
slopes backward and does not project antero-superiorly in a well-markedrounded angle. The audital bulla in 2?as dahatus is more compressedlaterally and deeper dor.so-ventrally than it is in the other members ofthe eoncoJor group. The teeth are much worn in the single specimen.Compared with the type of J\f. surdus the last upper molar is reducedin size.Meamrements.-?Type: Total length, 281 mm.; head and bod}^, 1-13;tail vetebra?, 13S; hind foot, 25; greatest length of skull, 31; palatallength, 17.1; palatilar length, 15.3; zygomatic breadth, 11.9; interor-bital constriction, 5.0; nasals, 10.9; diastema, 9.9; width of externalplate of infraorbital foramen at middle, 3.7 (in M. surdw^^ type, 1.2);maxillar}" tooth row (alveoli), 5.6; mandible, condyle to front ofsymphj'sis, 18.2; mandibular tooth row (alveoli), 5.2,Specimens examined.?One, the type.Remarks.-?Mils clahatus., while indistinguishable externally fromM. surdus^ is easily separable by the shape of the external plate ofthe infraorbital foramen, not only from it, but also from 3Ius concolorof the Malay Peninsula, from Sumatran and Bornean forms of concolorand from Mus puUns from Tioman Island.VIVERRA TANGALUNGA Gray.1905. Viverrn tangalunga AVillink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, p. 210.Two individuals were collected by Doctor Abbott on the island ofBilliton. None were taken on Banka. For table of measurements,see page 600.PARADOXURUS HERMAPHRODITUS ( Pallas, in Schreber).Two Paradoxures were secured in the island of Banka. They showno appreciable differences in respect to color and to shape and size ofskull and teeth from specimens of Paradoxurus liermaphroditus fromthe Malay Peninsula. For table of measurements, see page 600.PARADOXURUS CANESCENS, new species.Type.~%Vm and skull of adult male, Cat. No. 121943 U.S.N.INL,collected at Tanjong Batu, Island of Billiton, between Sumatra andBorneo, July 19, 1901, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number 3520.Diagnostic characters.?Similar to Paradoxurus 2)hilipj)inensis, ofthe Philippine Islands and Borneo, but with a decided gray color aboutthe head and the anterior third of the body.Color.?Ty^e: Sides of nose and region of base of whiskers, whitishcream buff; nose and top of nose back as far as line connecting innercanthus of eyes, brownish black, which color extends as a ring about5 mm. wide around the eye and downward to the lips for a width of10-12 mm. behind base of whiskers. Ill-defined spot under eye dirty
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.
white, blending into the color of the cheeks which are a grizzle ofdirty white and dull ))lack. A small ill-defined blackish spot is found15-20 mm. posterior to outer canthus of e3^e. Area between e3'es andline connecting anterior edges of ears an indefinite dirt}^ white with aslight amount of the l)lackish of the bases and the tips of the hairsshowing. This dirty white color with almost no blackish showingextends backward along the side of the head, under the ear and abovethe dark clieek area and spot. Top of head, l)etween ears, an equalindehnite mixture of dirty white and dull black. (In ParadoxunispJiU-ippinejuiii this region is black.) Ears dull blackish on the outside andwith a few dirty white hairs on the inside. Anterior third of upperparts of bod}^, top and sides of neck, an indefinite mixture of creambuff and black, the underfur and basal 5 or G mm. of the hairs beingblackish, the middle 5 nun. of the hairs being cream Inifi', and theterminal T) mm. Idack. The posterior two-thirds of the upper partsand basal fourth of the tail is generally similar to the anterior por-tion of the upper parts, but with the cream buff replaced by buff'.A fairly well-defined median l)lackish stripe about T nun. wide is foundalong the lower two-thirds of the back, on each side of which areseven or eight ill-defined spots in a longitudinal row. Outer sur-faces of thighs and upper portions of the forelegs similar in colorto the anterior third of the body. Fore and hind feet and terminalthree-fourths of tail dull black or l)rownish Idack. Chin, throat, andanterior underparts and inner side of thighs and forelegs dirty whiteor cream buff, the blackish bases of the hairs showing through every-where. Rest of underparts, generally dark buffy. and the dark basesof the hairs less conspicuous.Shdl and teeth.?The skull and teeth of Paradoxurus caiiescens area trifle smaller than they are in specimens of P. j)hilippirunsls fromBorneo. Many specimens of J\ Jierniaphrodltus from the MalayPeninsula show that there is much variation in regard to size of skulland teeth, so that the slightly smaller size of the Paradoxure fromBilliton may not be specific.Meamrements of the %;t^?Head and liody, 510 mm.; tail vertel)ra\385; hind foot with and without claws, 78, 75; greatest length ofskull, 99.3; upper length, 90.7; basal length, 93; basilar length, 90.5;condylo-basal length, 98; palatal length, -13.7; z3^gomatic breadth, 57.2;breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata, 33.6; interorbital con-striction, 11.1; front of canine to back of last molar (alveoli), 30;mandible, condyle to front of symphysis, 71.5: front of canine to backof last molar (alveoli), 38.6.Speciniein< examined.?T\\x^^, all from Billiton; the type, an adultmale from Tanjong Batu, an adult female from the same place, and anadult female from Bukit Menguru.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 599Eemarhs.?Paradoxurus canescens is g^enerally lighter in color andgra3^er in the anterior portions than any other species I have seen.In grayness of head it is approached by P. Jynvnnipes Miller, but thebrown feet of the latter are distinctive. None of the other specieshave the distinct gray area between the ears that P. canescens has.ARCTOGALIDIA MINOR, new species.7///>^.?Adult female, skin and skull. Cat. No. 124984:, U.S.N.M.,collected at Buding Bay, island of Billiton, between Borneo andSumatra, August 3, 190-i, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number,3532.Diagnostic cha/mcters.?A dwarf form of Arctogalidia stigmatica^similar in color and markings to A. fusca Miller from Pulo Kundur,but distinctly smaller.Color.?Type: General color above most like Ridgway's smoke-gray;under fur and bases of hairs dark broccoli brown, subapical band onhairs, dirty white; apical ring, blackish brown. Three fairly well-defined blackish lines, 4:-.5 mm. wide extend along the middle of theback, from region of shoulders nearly to root of tail. Head, gener-ally dull blackish, faintly grizzled between the eyes with buff}^ white.Ears blackish. Side of neck posterior to ears and in front of shoulder,bufi'y white. Feet blackish. Underparts generally an indetinite,dirty grayish color; in the inguinal region, clay color. Basal third oftail above and below similar to back, distal two-thirds blackish.Sl'ull and teeth.?These differ from those of related species in theirsmaller size. Greatest length of skull, 87.5 mm.; type of Arctogalidiafusca, 98.5; adult male, Cat No. 142341 U.S.N.M, from western Bor-neo, 110.8; greatest width of skulls, respectively, 46.7; 62.3; 67.4.Measurements of type.?Head and body, 440 mm.; tail vertebrje,435; hind foot, with and without claws, 74, 68; greatest length of skull,87.5; upper length, 80.5; basal length, 81.5; basilar length, 79; condylo-basal length, 86; palatal length, 47.5; zygomatic breadth, 46.7; widthof brain case above roots of zygomata, 30.3; interorbital constriction,10; front of canine to back of last upper molar, 31.8; mandible, con-dyle to front of symphysis, 64.3; front of canine to back of last lowermolar (alveoli), 34.8.Specimens examined.?One, the type.Eenuirhs.? Arctogalidia minor needs no comparison with otherspecies of the genus as it is at once told by its small size.
600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXI.
Measurements of speeimens of Paradoxurus, Virerra, and Arctor/alidia from Banka andBillilon.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 601formed by an extension of the colors of the sides. Inner side of hindle^s grayish. Hairs of the tail, blackish, ringed with a light tawnyolive above and below with conspicuous rings of graj'ish which is thecolor of the base of the hairs below.Color of the rest of the series: Upper parts as in the type. Themajority of the specimens have the undcrparts more gnijdsh and lessochraceous than has the type. In all there is a sutfusion of the colorof the sides over the middle of the belh^ Two of the specimens, Cat.No. 124985, from Billiton, and Cat. No. 124909, from Banka, havethe tails in a different pelage from the others, the base of the hairsunderneath being tawny ochraceous and ringed above and laterallywith a slight tint of the same color.Skull mid teeth.?The skull is distinctly smaller and with a shorterrostrum than that of Tupala javanlca and with more inflated braincase and bulh>?. It is slightly larger than the skull of T. mdlaccana andwith more inflated brain case and bulla?. The teeth of Tupala injiataaverage a little larger than those of T. malaccana and a little smallerthan those of T. javanlca.MeaHuremen.t^.?External measurements of type.'^ Total length, 322mm.; head and body, 150 (155, 139); tail vertebra?, 172 (130, 146);hind foot, 38 (35, 34).Cranial measurements of the type.?Greatest length of skull, 39 mm.(43.5, 37.5); condylo-basal length, 37 (40, 35); basal length, 34 (37,31); palatal length, 20 (22.5, 18); zygomatic breadth, 22 (23, 21);least interorbital breadth, 13 (13.5, 12.5); breadth of brain case aboveroots of zygomata, 17.5 (17.5, 17); height of brain case, middle ofbasioccipital to top of vault of cranium, 13.5 (12, 12); breadth of pal-ate between middle molars, 7.5 (7.5, 6.5); maxillary tooth row, exclu-sive of incisors (alveoli), 13 (14, 12.5); mandible, condyle to front ofsymphysis, 26 (28, 25); mandibular tooth row, exclusive of incisors(alveoli), 13 (14, 12.5).Specimens examined.?Six skins and skulls, three from Billiton andthree from Banka.Remarks.?Tupala inflata is apparently' a well-marked form, easilydistinguishable from T. jananlca and T. tualaccana. As noted above,Mr. Miller in comparing T. Inflata with T. minor found them readilyseparable by cranial characters.
? The figures in parentheses are those of an average specimen of T. javanica andT. malaccana, respectively. For measurements of the series see table page 603.
602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEUM. vol. xxxi.TUPAIA DISCOLOR, new species.1905. Tiipaia ferruginea Willink, Natuiirkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,LXV, p. 298.Tyj)e.?Adult female, skin and skull, Cat. No. 124703, U.S.N.M.,collected at Tanjong- Rengsam, island of Banka, east of Sumatra, May24, 1904, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 3262.Diagnostic characters.?Similar to Titjyaia ferruginea Raffles, butlower half of back distinctl}" grayish, belly tawny (as in T. clirysogasterMiller) instead of grayish. Shoulder stripe conspicuous, bright tawn}^instead of grayish as in ferraginea. Teeth smaller, bulla? and braincase more inflated than \\\ JWruginea.Color.?Tj^pe: Upper parts of head, neck, anterior half of back andouter sides of forelegs has the general effect of a deep, rich hazel finelygrizzled with blackish. At the middle of the back this effect passesinto a grizzle of raw sienna and black, extending over the posteriorhalf of body and outer side of hind legs. Brightest portions of theunderparts (middle of l)elly, axilhe, and bordering sides of neck) dulltawny ochraceous gradually' lightening out elsewhere into dull ochra-ceous buff. The conspicuous shoulder stripe, ochraceous rufousoUpper surface of tail blackish, finely and sparingly grizzled with creambuff. On the under surface of tail a dirty cream-buff predominatesexcept along the outer edges, where the colors are the same as -theupper surface. Feet blackish brown, sparingly grizzled with the lightcolors of the legs.Sl'ull and teeth.-?Skull similar to that of Tvpaia ferruginea., butslightly smaller, with smaller teeth, the crowns of first and secondmaxillary molars more nearl}" quadrate, bull* distinctl}" larger, andbrain case more inflated.Measurements.?External and cranial measurements of the type:''Total length, 395 mm.; head and body, 220; tail vertebrw, 175 (collec-tor's measurements); hind foot, 49 (from dried skin); greatest lengthof skull, 495; basal length, 44; condylo-basal length, 47; palatallength, 27; upper length, 48; zygomatic breadth, 25.5; least inter-orbital breadth, 14; breadth of brain case above roots of zygomata, 19;breadth of palate between middle molars, 10.5; maxillar}' tooth row,exclusive of incisors (alveoli), 19; mandible condyle to front of sym-physis, 34; mandibular tooth row, exclusive of incisors, 19.Specimens examined.?Nine skins with skulls, one odd skull, andtwo in alcohol, collected at Tanjong Rengsam; two skins with skullsand one in alcohol from Klabat Bay.BemarLs.?The series of skins and skulls is very uniform. Thereare no noticeable individual variations; an immature individual has
? For measurements of the series see page 603.
NO. 1498. MAMifALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 603the same color pattern as the adults. Tupaia discolor is ap[)arentl3" avery distinct species though related to fer^rug Inert, but differs sharply,as mentioned above. Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., who compared speci-mens of it with forms in the British Museum, noted that externall}^ itis much like /ii/poc/wy.sa, but upper parts distinctly more red anteriorlyand more gray posteriorly, the two regions forming- a noticeable con-trast of which there is none in hypoclirysa. Underparts nnich lighterthan in hypochrym, especially on posterior half of belly and innersurface of hind legs. In Itypochrysa the inside of hind leg is so darkthat it forms no noticeable contrast with the outer side, while in dis-color the contrast is sharp and very conspicuous. The same differencesarc found in both species, but to a less degree in the front legs.Shoulder stripe practically absent in Jq/pocJirysti, noticeable thoughsmall in discolor. Tail as in hypocJiryaa, but not quite as long haired,and longitudinal lines on underside less distinct. Skull and teethnoticeably smaller than in Injpochvyxa.Exlernrd and cranial menaurenienls of tree shrewsfrom Banka and Billiton.
604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.
Measurements of Cynoptenis brachyotis from BHilton, Banka, and Borneo.
Name.
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 605EMBALLONURA PENINSULARIS Miller.1890. Emballonura semicaudata Jentixk, Notes Leyden Museum, XII, 1890,p. 154.1905. Emballonura seviicaudataW illiisik, Natuurkundig Tidjschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, p. 284 (Billiton).Two specimens from Tanjong- Bedaan, Banka, and three fromTanjong- Poetak, Billiton. Cat. Nos. 12474() male and 124717 female,U.S.N.M., Banka, measure, respectivelj?^: forearm, 44, 42; secondfinger, 36, 36; third finger, 65, 66; fourth finger, 47, 46; fifth finger,42, 45; tibia, 15.5, 16; foot, 7.4, 6.5; tail, 12, 11. Cat. No. 124998,U.S.N.M., male, No. 124999 female, J^o. 125000 female, Billitonmeasure, respectively; forearm, 42, ? , 44; second finger, 35, 36, 38;third finger, 60, 67, 67; fourth finger, 44, 46, 48; fifth finger, 40, 45,46; tibia, 16.7, 17.5, 17.5; foot, 8, 7.6, 7.5; tail, 10, 11, 12.MYOTIS CARIMATiE Miller.Four specimens of a Ifyotis, none of them fully adult, taken onthe small island of Mendanau, just west of Billiton show no apprecia-ble difi'erences from Myotls carhnatx, Miller of the Karimata Islands
oli' the west coast of Borneo.NYCTICEBUS BANCANUS Lyon.1905. Nycticebus tardigradus Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrlft Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, p. 181.1906. Nydicebus bancanus Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI p. 536.A specimen of a slow lemur was secured by Doctor Abbott atKlabat Baj, Banka. It is related to, but distinct from the BorneanNycticehus. For measurements of this and related species see tablepage 537 of this volume.TARSIUS TARSIER (Erxleben).1905. Tarsius spectrum Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,XLV, p. 179 (Banka, Billiton).One specimen, an adult female, was taken at Buding Bay, Billiton.The lower back, rump, and outer surface of fore and hind legs is gen-erally similar to Ridgway's ochraceous-buff; general color of back ofhead and upper back an indefinite bufi'y gray or light brownish (cannot be matched in Ridgway); face and an ill-defined band across shoul-ders, ochraceous or tawny-ochraceous. '' Iris pale gra3'i8h brown,tail dull reddish brown, paler beneath at base; palmar and solar pads,very pale brownish fleshy."Mc'cmirements.?Head and body, 133 mm.; tail, 228; hind foot, 68;greatest length of skull, 37; basal length, 26.8; greatest width of skull,33.5; interorbital constriction. 2.4; front of middle incisor to backouter angle of last upper molar, 16.5.
606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXI.It is not at all probable that this specimen is true Tcmslus tarsie?^but without more material and especially without examples fromJava, which is probabl}" the type locality, it is impossible to determineits status.It is apparently very diii'erent from Tdfsiii.s hancanus Horstield, '^which is distinct enough to constitute another genus if Horstield'sdescription and tigures of the teeth represent a normal specimen.Doctor Abbott failed to secure any Tarsiers on Banka.MACACA PH-ffiURA (Miller).Macaens cynomolgus Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,XLV, p. 175.Two Macaques were shot on Banka and two on Billiton, which donot differ essentially from Macaca phxnra Miller of Nias Island.They are a little darker in color than most of the Nias specimens, butone of the latter is almost an exact match for the Banka-Billiton skins.I can see no real differences in the skulls. The majority of the Niasspecimens have slightly larger feet and weigh a little more than theBanka-Billiton ones, but these differences are Avell wathin the limits ofindividual variation. (See table of measurements of M. phaeura.,page 606.) Measurements of Macaca phxura.
Locality. Num-ber. Sex. Age. -o
NO. 1498. .VAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 607PRESBYTIS CRISTATA (Raffles).1905. Semnopithecus pruinosus Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, XLY, p. 170.Four specimens from Banka and one from Billiton. The}^ differ inno essential respects from specimens from Sumatra. The light coloredsubapical rings in three of the five skins are less conspicuous than theyare in Sumatran examples. (For table of measurements see page 606.)NOTES BY DOCTOR ABBOTT ON HIS COLLECTINGSTATIONS.(See Map, page 577.
)
BxiNKA.TanjoiKj Rengsaiii.?May 20 to 2S, 190-1:. The coast at TanjongRengsam is rather flat, with low hills in the interior. The neighbor-hood is mostly covered with secondary jungle and patches of lalanggrass. There is one piece of heavy foiest on the seashore, coveringabout 1 square mile, which has been preserved by the Bankanese forthe sake of the timber. Some small plantations of cocoanuts are onthe shore. Only four or five families live here. At the mouth of theJering River, 3 miles away, is the large kampong [village] of Nyor.The natives are all Bankanese.Tanjong Tedong.?May 31 to June -1, 1901:. At Tanjong Tedongis a bluff extending along the seashore. Most of the neighborhood iscovered with secondary jungle, the swampy land onl}^ being coveredwith heav}^ forest. The small kampong of Tanjong Tedong lies onthe shores of the strait opposite Pulo Nangka Besar [not shown on themap]. The inhabitants are Bankanese.Tanjong Bedaan and Parmissan.?June 6 to 15, 1901. TanjongBedaan (Bedaan on the charts) is a rocky point, the neighborhoodmostly covered with secondary jungle, much of it old. A good dealof tin mining is carried on in the neighborhood. The large kampong(100 houses) of Parmassan (or Parmissan) lies about a mile inland, in anortheast direction. Bukit Parmissan is a range of hills, 5 or 6 mileslong, lying 2 or 3 miles back from the sea. Its highest point is 1,600feet, and is the second highest peak in Banka. The lower slopes ofParmissan Hill are covered with small jungle or dense scrub, at leastthe parts nearest the kampong, but the upper parts are covered withhigh open forest. Kampong Pai-missan is inhabited by SumatranMalays. Most of the parits, or tin diggings, are situated on the sea-shore, and a number of Chinamen live there.Tanjong Faimija.?June 17 to 21, 190.1. Doctor Abbott madeno special notes on this place. His account of the north shore ofBanka is under Klabat Ba}^, below.
608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.Klahat Bay.?June 22 to July 3, 1904. The north coast of Bankais fronted b}^ broad beaches of white sand, separated by rocky points.The anchorages are not very good. It is necessary to anchor three-quarters of a mile from shore, as the holding ground is not ver}- goodin the hard sand. The coast line is thinly inha})ited, and covered withforest, with a fringe a casuarinas behind the sand tracts. There area few parits (tin diggings) a few miles inland, and on the coast duringthe line season a number of Bankanese and Chinese live in temporaryhuts or shelters, fishing for the supph" of the tin miners.The west coast of Klabat Bay near the entrance is covered withheavy forest intersected with many paths made b}' woodcutters. It ismostly rolling country and dry at all seasons, a good place for collect-ing, but the coral reefs project so far from shore that it was a veryinconvenient place for me to work, I had to anchor 1^ miles fromshore.The east side of Klabat Bay is inhabited and for the most partswampy or covered with secondary jungle. Man}' tin diggings occurnot far inland. Around the head of Klabat Bay are many villages andtin diggings.Tanjong Mciigkudu.?July 8 to 4, 1904. Doctor Abbott made nonotes on this locality. It is opposite the small Pulo Mengkudu onthe map. MENDANAU.Pulo Mendmian.?July 14 to 15, 1904. Pulo Mendanau is about8 by 7 geographical miles and lies west of Billiton, separated by astrait 3i miles wide and 10 fathoms deep. Much of the surface islow and swampy. The highest hills are about 600 feet high. Thereis very little virgin forest left, the jungle being mostly scrubby sec-ondary, and there are large tracts of lalang. Besides the animalsobtained, a form of Tragulus I'diwhil is said to exist. It is not foundon Billiton. No napu exist and no pigs.BILLITON.Billiton is about 43 miles square and contains about 1,600 squaremiles. The surface is mostly low, rolling hills, presenting a flatappearance from the sea, with isolated higher hills. The highestpoints are Tajem Laki and Tajem Bini, each about 1,770 feet high.The island has been Ij^rgelj' worked for tin during the past fifty-twoyears, but the production of tin is now diminishing.There is no heav}' forest left upon the seacoast, but there is said tobe a good deal left in the interior, especially in the south and west.I onl}^ found one small tract of virgin forest, on and around BukitMenguru, west of Buding Bay. The rest of the island is covered withsecondary jungle and tracts of lalang (coarse grass).
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. - 609There are about 9,000 Chinese miners. The native inhabitants areMalaysanda" wild tribe'' called "Orang Sikka," who live exclusivel}^in their boats and do not cultivate the land, living on the produce ofthe reefs and sea.Besides the animals obtained, pigs were common, in some placesevidently very abundant. 1 had a glimpse of only one. Tenggeling{21anis) is said to exist. The Tupai blang (Seiurus ^'' prevostip-) is saidto occur, but is rare. I did not see it.LIST OF MAMMALS RECORDEI} FJROM THE ISLANDS OFBANKA, BILLITON, AND MENDANAU, WITH FIELDNOTES ON THOSE COLLECTED AND OBSEIiVED BYDOCTOR ABBOTT. BANKA.Monis javanica.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst. Mammiferes,p. 216. Manisjavanica?"Willink, NatuurkundigTijdsehrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV,1905, p. 269. Not taken by Doctor Abbott, but "said to be common."Tragulus bancanus, p. 576.Tragulus luteicollis, p. 579.Muntiacus bancanus, p. 582.?"Native name Kijang."Rusa brookei.?"Besides the animals obtained, I saw Cervus equinns, tracks only;saw some horns in possession of the natives, all very small. The Bankanese saidRusa and Kijang were numerous on Tanjong Penyusuh, but I did not go there, as itwas not possible to anchor near shore." Recorded by Jentink ? and by Willink '^ asRussa equina.Sus oi, p. 585.?"The only (four) jiigs I got were all immature and are, I think, ofone species."Sus rlttatus Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, XLV, p. 183.Ratufa polia bancana, p. 587.Seiurus bangkanus, p. 589.Seiurus tedongus, p. 591.Sciuropierus aurantiacus.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst.Mammiferes, 1888, p. 6.Sciuropterus sagitta.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst. Mam-miferes, 1888, p. 6. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV,1905, p. 232.Petaurista.?"Said to occur, but I did not meet with it." Not recorded by Jentinkor WiUink.Nannosciurus bancanus, p. 594.?"The little Nannosciurus occurs locally and isthen common."Mus firmus, p. 594.Mus cremoriventer, p. 595.Mus asper, p. 595.Mus clabatus, p. 596.?"Rats were scarce on Banka."Yiverra tangalunga.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, IX, Cat. Osteol. Mam-miferes, 1887, p. 90. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV,1905, p. 210. Not taken by Doctor Abbott, but in his notes it is said to occur.Viverricula malaccensis Willink. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift .Nederlandsch-Indie,LXV, 1905, p. 211.
a Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, IX, Cat. Osteol. Mammiferes, 1887, p. 149.b Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, XLV, 1905, p. 190.Proc. N. M. vol. xxxi?06 40
610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, p. 597.L'nimiHj linsdin/.? I'rlo)i<i<lon (jracilis, Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Fays-Bas, IX, Cat.Osteol. Manniiiferes, 1887, p. 92. Lingsauga gracilis Willink, Natuurkundig Tijd-schrift Nederland8ch-Indie, LXV, 1905, p. 212.Arctictis Mnturong.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, IX, Cat. Osteol. Mam-miferes, 1887, p. 96. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV,1905, p. 216.Herpestes javanicus Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV,1905, p. 218.Barangia sumairana.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, IX, Cat. Osteol.Mammiferes, 1887, p. 115. Doctor Abbott mentions an otter as occurring on Banka,but saw none.Ursus malayanus.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, IX, Cat. Osteol. I\Iammi-feres, 1887, p. 119. Doctor Abbott mentions the bear as occurring, but not meetingwith it.FeUs.?"There is a wild cat, but I did not meet with it."Ptilocercuslowii.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst. Mammiferes,1888, p. 118. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905,]i. .300.Tupaia inflata, p. 600.Tupaia discolor, p. 602.Tupaia tana Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905,p. 296.fCrocidura vosmrrri.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst. Mammi-feres, 1888, p. 34.Cynocephalus volans.? Galeopithecus volans, Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas,IX, Cat. Osteol. Mammiferes, 1887, p. 69. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Neder-landsch-Indie, LXV, 1905, p. 270. "Did not get the Kubang {Galeopithecus), butthis animal exists there."Emballonura peninsularis, p. 605.Rhinolophus solitarius, p. 604.?"Hanging beneath a palm leaf in heavy forest."Hipposideros galeritus, ji. 604.?"These bats were roosting in small caves orrather overhanging rocks upon Tanjong Pamuja. Beneath one rock was a densemass roosting, and I obtained 63 individuals with two shots of the .32-caliber auxili-ary barrel besides many more that dropped into crevices beneath and were lost."Pteropns cdulis.?Jentink, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, XII, Cat. Syst. Mammiferes,1888, p. 145. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905,p. 273.Cynopterus brachyotis, p. 603.?"Specimens shot hanging upon a casuarina treeon seashore."Vespertilio brachypterus Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,LXV, 1905, p. 288.Nycticebus bancanus, p. 605.Tarsius hancanus.?^Horsfield, Zool. Researches in Java, 1824, T. Spectrum, Schlegel,Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas, VII, Simi;e, 1876, pp. 179, 333. Doctor Abbott remarks:" I failed to get theTarsier, although all the natives knew it, which they called ' Mentii-ling.' They had not all seen it, and either the animal is scarce or more probablyrarely seen, owing to its nocturnal habits. They said if I remained some time inMuntok (the capital) I would be sure to get them, as there was a regular demandthere for them by the doctors (?) and they were brought there for sale."Macaca phaeura, p. 606.Mac.aca nemestrina.?Macacus nemestrinus Schlegel, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas,VII, Simiaj, 1876, p. 111. No specimens listed. ? Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift
? " Ce singe habite les iles de Borneo, de Sumatra, et de Bangka."
NO. 1498. MAMMALS OF BANKA AND BILLITON?LYON. 611Nederlandsch-Indie, XLV, p. 176. " I saw only one Mne(tcn vemestrina, a big male,which 1 fired at but did not get. I saw a few tame onee in the native kampongs,apparently like the Broh of Sumatra."?W. L. A.Presbytis cristata, p. 607.Presbytis obscura.?Semnopithecitfi obscurus, Schlegel, Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas,VII, Simipe, 1876, p. 49. No specimens li*sted.? Willink, Natuurkundig TijdschriftNederlandsch-Indie, XLV, i>. 168. MENDANAU.
'Tragulwf " kanchil."?" Heard that a Kanchil occurs on the island."Sciurus mendanauus, p. 589.?"A local race of Sciurus jirevodii wan coinmon;specimens were shot at Kampong Petaling."Myotis carimatge, p. 605.?"These bats were flying over a mangrove creek, gener-ally skimming close to the surface of the water; flight slow."BILLITON.Manis.?3fanis javanica.?Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,LXV, 1905, p. 269. " Tenggeling {Manis) is said to exist." No specimens taken.Tragulus billitonus, p. 578.?"A small napu is common; there is no kanchil orplandok." Jentink & doubtfully recorded Tragulus kanchil from Billiton, thinkingthat kidang had the same meaning as kanchil among the natives; but kldang or kljangrefers to the Muntlacns.Muntiacus bancanus, p. 582.?" The Kijang was common, but I did not see it. Ifrequently heard them barking." Doctor Abbott obtained from the natives a pairof antlers and the frontlet.Rusa brookei, p. 584.?" A small Rusa is common; I only shot one female."Sus sp.?Doctor Abbott failed to obtain any pigs, but remarks: "They were com-mon, in some places evidently very abundant; I only had a glimpse of one." Nopigs are recorded by Jentink or AVillink.Ratufa polia, p. 585.?"There were plenty of Ratufa at Bukit Menguru, about 1
J
miles west of Buding Bay. Local name Jiluling."Sciurus prevostll.?Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII, 1891, p. 209; thought tobe introduced. Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, p. 240.Doctor Abbott remarks: "The Tupai blang {Scliinis prevostll) is said to occur, but itis rare. I did not see it. An old Malay said they occurred, but were rare, in theheavy forests of the interior of the island."Sciurus billitonus, p. 592.Sciuropterus vordermanni, p. 593.?"Local name Kiipooa."Nannoschiriis.?"I did not meet with Nannosclurns, although I occasionally heardits shrill whistle. The natives all knew it." Nannosciurus melanotis Willink,Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905, p. 249.Mus cremoriventer, p. 595.?"Rats were scarce on Billiton."Mus neglectus, p. 595.Mus asper, p. 595.Viverra tang-alunga, p. 597.?"Trapped by natives."Paradoxurus canescens, p. 597.?"Trapped by natives."Arctog-alidia minor, p. 599.?"Local name for Musang is Galing. This animalwas one of a pair passing through the tree tops one evening. They were going tofeed on a wild fruit tree, where I afterwards shot this one. As this genus keeps inthe tree tops, it can not be trapped as Mverra and Paradoxurus are."
?"Bleeker, enfin, m'assure avoir regu ce singe de File de Bangka."
^ Notes Leyden Museum, XIII, 1891, p. 209.
612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxi.Tupaia inflata, p. 600.Cynoceplialun volans?GaleopUhecus volans Willink.?Natunrkundig Tijdschrift Ned-erlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905, p. 270.Pteropus edulls Willink, Natunrkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV,1905, p. 273.Cynopterus brachyotis, p. 603.PJiinolopJuis trifoliatus.?Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII, 1891, p. 209.Willink, Natunrkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905, p. 281.Emballonura peninsularis, p. 605.?"These bats were in a small cave formed l)yfallen rocks on the shore."Myotis muricola.? Vespertilio miiricola, Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XIII,1891, p. 209. Myotis muricola Willink, Natunrkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch-Indie,LXV, 1905, p. 293.Pipidrellus vordermanni.? Vesperugo vordermanni, Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum,XIII, 1891, p. 209. Vespertilio vordermanni, Willink, Natuurkundig TijdschriftNederlandsch-Indie, LXV, 1905, p. 290.Tarsius tarsier, p. 605.?"The Tarsius is probably common enough, but is rarelytaken except when tree felling is in progress. The Nycticebus seems to be absent."Macaca phaeura, p. 606.Presbytis cristata, p. 607.