MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO BY DR.W. L. ABBOTT. By Marcus Ward Lyon, Jr.,Assistant Curator, Division of Mammals, U. S. National Museum. INTRODUCTION.From about the inicUUe of June until the end of September, 1905,Dr. W. L. Al)l)ott occupietl himself in exploring western Borneo,where some three lmn(h"e(l specimens of mammals were collected, allof which he presented to the United States National Museum. Afew preliminary notices ? of these have been published, but the col-lection as a whole is treated of for the first time in the followino- pages.After collecting in the vicinity of Pontianak and along the SungeiwSama, Doctor Abbott ascendetl the Landak River to about Ngabong,making collections along the shores as he returned down that stream.He next ascended the Kapuas River as far as Sanggau, where thewSakaiam River, or Sungei Sakaiam, flows into the Kapuas. P>omSanggau Doctor Abbott ascended the Sakaiam for 105 miles, reach-ing Mrowi, near the Sarawak frontier. As this trip was made in asmall boat, no attempt was made to collect animals, his efforts beingdirected toward securing ethnological objects from the Dyaks. Col-lections of mammals were, however, made on the trip down theKapuas from Sanggau.The maps publisheadman), 18 miles from Pontianak. Tlie district is all swampy, and the big jungleis cleared immediately along the river for a half mite Ijack. There are many sago plan-tations. Beyond a half mile from the river bank is heavy forest. The headwaters ofthe Rama are on some hills, and here is where the two Orangs were shot. The Dyakslive in the reguhu- long hous(\s (Rnmeli P;iiij(ing) of the Dyaks, but are otherwise muchMalay i tied.The country along the Landak River for the lower 50 miles of its course is swampyand still mostly heavy forest. The last kampong (village) is about 14 miles from Pon-tianak, and from here, to Batu Ampar the banks are mostly heavy forest. Above thispoint the banks become higher and the country largely covered with scrub jungle andlalang, and is inhabited by a considerable population of Dyaks. A good many Malaysinhal)it the district about Ngabong and along the river.About Sanggau the country is mostly rolling, with low hills. Not much heavy forestis left, mostly scrub jungle and lalang with small patches of heavier forest. The Sak-aiam River flows into the Kapuas at this point, coming down from the borders of Sara-wak. There is a consideral)le population of Malays along the l:)ank and many Dyaksin the district. I went iip the Sakaiam as far as Mrowi. alxmt 105 miles. Scarcelyany heavy forest is left near the river; all scrub and lalang. A good deal of heavyforest remains along its aflluent, the Kumbaiang River. Along its upper course, butnot upon its banks, are many hills which are still forest clad, especially near the Sara-wak border. I was told much rimlia (virgin forest) exists along the .Tangko, the firstl^ranch of the Sakaiam above Sanggau.What I saw of Borneo np the Kapuas was a poor place for collecting. Down the i-iverin the swampy forests there were som(? animals, the inhabitants being Malays orDyaks who did not eat monkeys. But every Dyak has a gun in Borneo, and upriver everything having fur, fin, or feather is devoured. Sarawak being a native State,the natives are allowed firearms, and as a consequence guns and ammunition drift acrossthe frontier all over Dutch Borneo. The Dutch authorities complain very much aboutit. In Sumatra one may occasionally see an old gun, but ammunition is almostunobtainable. SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.The mammals collected by Doctor Abbott represent thirty-eight ' species or subspecies, five of which were previously unknown toscience, two of them being here described for the fh'st time. Asystematic list of all the species collected, accompanied by tablesgiving the precise localities and measurements of the individualspecimens, with Doctor Abbott's field observations, follows:MANIS JAVANICA Desmarest.1822. Manis javanica Desmarest, Mammalogie, Pt. 2, p. 377.Two specimens from Pontianak, a young and an adult male. Theskull of the adult appears to be the oldest Manis skull in the UnitedStates National Museum. The zygomatic arch is complete and bony NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED LX WESTERN BORXEft?LYOX. 549on each side, and is formed by thebackward extension of the maxillameetina; the forward extension ofthe squamosal. The skull is shorterand heavier, especially about therostrum, than somewhat youngerskulls from the Malay Peninsula.The scales of the adult are large andheavy, with the markings conspicu-ous. Many of the scales are scarredand broken.Measurements of the adult male.Cat. No. 142460, U.S.N.M. ; headand body (to anus), 500 mm.; tail(from anus), 510; greatest length ofskull, 104. .3 mm.; zygomatic width,39. The weight was I63 pounds[7.48 kilos].TRAGULUS HOSEI ^Bonhote).1903. Tragulus Icanchil hosei Bonhote,Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., XI,p. 239. March 1903 (received a*library of U. S. National M\iseum,March IG, 1903).1903. Tragulus rirgicoUis Miller,Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVI,p. 37. March 19, 1903.Skin and skull of an adidt female,from the Kapuas River below Tyan.In point of color and markings thisspecimen is indistinguishable fromTragulus kancMl of Sumatra, differ-ing from that species only in thegreater length of the hind foot andsomewhat greater size of the skull.In most respects, it resembles thetype of T. virgicollis (= T. hosei),but differs from it conspicuously inthe absence of the narrow, well-defined nape stripe. With but oneskin from the Kapuas River, it doesnot seem advisable, for the presentat least, to recognize two distinctraces of the JcancJiil group onBorneo.(For measurements, see table here-with.) ^ 'iUOQA 550 FROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxiu.TRAGULUS BORNEANUS Miller.1902. Tragulus borneanus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington, XV, p. 174,August G, 1902.Two skins with skulls and one skeleton from the Kapuas River.The skins are practically indistinguishable in coloration from speci-mens of Tragulus napu from Sumatra. The Bornean animals aresomewhat smaller. (For measurements, see page 549.)RUSA BROOKEI (Hose).1893. Ccrvus brookci Hose, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XII, p. 20G.1906. Rusa brookei, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, p. 585, December 18,1906.Two specimens from along the Kapuas River, the antlers of anadult male, Cat. No. 142356, U.S.N.M., and the skull of a nearly adultmale, Cat. 142357, U.S.N.M.Measurements of these specimens respectively: Length of antleralong convexity of curve, 462, 325; burr to tip of frontiJ tine alongconvexity, 160, 136; circumference of antler above frontal tine, 132,84; tip of apical tine to its angle with main trunk of antler, 50, 33.The basal length of the skull of Cat. No. 142357, U.S.N.M., is332 mm., maxillary toothrow (alveoli) 105 nun.MUNTIACUS PLEIHARICUS (Kohlbrugge).1896. Cerindus plciharicus Kohlbrugge, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederhxn-dsch-Indie, LV, 1896, p. 192, plate facing p. 260.1906. Muntiacus plciharicus, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, p. 583, Decem-ber 18, 1906.Represented by the frontlet and antlers of an adult male from theSakaiam River, Cat. No. 142358, U.S.N.M.Measurements: Burr to tip of antler along convex curve, left112 mm., right 97; tip of frontal tine to angle with main trunk ofantler, left 26, right 27; distance between the angles of the pedicleswith skull, 56; distance from angle of pedicle with skull to posterioredge of burr, left 83, right 83.SUS BARBATUS Muller.1839. Sus barbatus Muller, Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschied. en Physi-ologic, V, p. 149.1906. Sus barbatus, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXX, p. 739, June 13, 1906.Six skulls, without skins, obtained from the natives along theLandak River. Cranial measurements are given in the table below,the points between which they are taken being the same as those usedby Miller in his Notes on Malayan Pigs.^ Of the six skulls, five areevidently males and one a female. They are all skulls of adult or a Proc. U. tS. Nat. Mus., XXX, pp. 755, 756, June 13, lOOfi. NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED L\ WESTERN BORXEO?LYON. 551nearly adult animals. Cat. No. 142355, U.S.N.M., is the youngest,the last upper molar is just through the alveolus, and is entirelyunworn. Cat. No. 142353, U.wS.N.M., is of about the same age.Cat. No. 142350, U.S.N.]\I., the female, is a little older than the twopreceding, as the last upper molar is beginning to show wear. Thelast upper molar in Cat. No. 142354, U.S.N.M., shows more wear thanany of the foregoing, but not so much as the remaining two. Cat. Nos.142352 and 142351, U.S.N.M., which are fully adult boars. Theteeth of No. 142351, U.S.N.M., show considerable wear. The lowerjaw sent in with this specimen evidently came from another indi-vidual, as it does not fit the skull accurately. However, it is thelower jaw of a male of about the same age, or perhaps a trifle older,and from an animal about the same size.Cranial tiieasurements of Sus barhatus from western Borneo. DiinensioTis 552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxiii.SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS BORNEOENSIS (Miiller and Schlegel).1839-44. Sdurus rafflesii var. borneoensis Muller and Schlegel, Verhandl.Natur. Geschied. Nedorland. Overz. Bezitl. Leiden, p. 86.Ten of the prevostii squirrels collected by Doctor Abbott in westernBorneo may be referred to this form. For a list of them, with exactlocalities, see table of measurements, page 556. Sdurus homeoensisappears to be a very variable species, inhabiting western Borneonorth of the Kapuas River. South of that river a very differentprevostii squirrel occurs, which is described on page 554. The squirrelsnorth of the river fall into two distinct forms, the typical red-shoul-dered homeoensis, apparently confined to the uplands, and a dark-bellied black-shouldered form, described below as a new subspecies,confined to the swampy lands near the mouths of the rivers. AboveTanjong Putus, on the Landak River, and above Pulo Saparo, onKapuas River (see map, frontispiece). Doctor Abbott collected the red-shouldered form, while below these points the specimens all haveblackish shoulders. Three skins from Tanjong Putus, collected onJuly 15, are referable to the typical form, while two others alsomarked Tanjong Putus, collected on July 16, are referable to thedark-shouldered variety. As Doctor Abbott collected while descend-ing the rivers, the two skins obtained on July 16 are probably from aslightly lower point on the river than the three taken on the previousday.While visiting the Leyden Museum, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., madethe following notes on the cotypes of Sciurus homeoensis.Cotypes, three [lettered: o, jp, and q\, all from Pontianak. They are very uniformin color, all showing the strongly grizzled sides above the pale lateral stripe, the clearblack area on shoulders being reduced to 20-25 mm. Most of the caudal hairs, exceptat base and pencil, with cream buff tips about 10 mm. long. In one specimen thefeet are red, in the others they are black sprinkled with red hairs. Red area rufous,darkening to chestnut. Cheek and sides of neck a mixture of black, red, and white,each color slightly predominating in one specimen, ^^^litish spot below eye distinctbut very small; whitish patch at base of whiskers conspicuous. Measurements:o (300) [head and body] 250 [tail vertebrae] 60 (55) [hind foot with and without claws],p (280) [head and body] 250 [tail vertebrae] 58 (53) [hind foot with and without claws],q (290) [head and body] 280 [tail vertebrae].The three specimens taken on July 15 at Tanjong Putus, on theLandak River, about 25 to 30 miles above Pontianak, agree very wellwith the above account. Cat. No. 142307, U.S.N.M., from the northbank of the Kapuas at Sanggau, agrees most closely with the publishedfigure*^ of S. homeoensis in respect to general coloration. It lacksthe conspicuous white spot at base of whiskers, however, and thewhite lateral stripe is not subtended by a conspicuous black stripe.None of the squirrels of this species collected by Doctor Abbotteither of the typical form or not, has a conspicuous wliite patch at ^Nederland. Tijds. Dierkunde, I, pi. i, fig. 3. No.l.W. MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO?LYON. 553base of whiskers, but some of the nontypical forms do show smallwhitish areas at base of whiskers. The present material indicates thatSciiirns horneoenf^if^ is a very variable species. Includinsi; in thespecies the lowland form described below, the followino; are some ofthe more striking variations, but all sorts of intermediate conditionsare found between the extremes : Base of whiskers whitish to bright ferruginous ; cheeks and sides ofneck ami shoulders black with slight grizzling of whitish, to conspicu-ous grizzling with buffy and reddish, to almost a clear bright ferrugi-nous; area al)ovc pale lateral stripe pure black grizzled with wliiteor ochraceous or both in varying mixtures; feet, pure black, orbright rufous or various mixtures of these, or black with slight griz-zling of buffy; underparts bright rufous to a general effect of seal-brown, the latter caused by a mixture of dark chestnut and l)lackish.SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS PALUSTRIS, new subspecies.Type.^MwM male, skin and skull. Cat. No. 142330, U.S.N.M.Collected on the north bank of the Kapuas River, below Pulo Lim-bang, western Borneo, September 22, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott.Original number 4467.Diagnostic characters.?Similar to Sciurus borneoensis horneoensis,but no retl or rufous color appearing on cheeks, sides of neck, or shoul-ders.Color.?-Top of head, top of neck for a width of about 20 mm., backfor a width of 25-30 mm. over shoulders, 50-60 mm. in the middleportion, narrowing to 20 mm. on the riunp, base of the tail above andterminal hairs of the tail above and below, black; lateral stripe, about100 mm. long, extending from behind the shoulder where it is 5 mm.wide, to front of thigh, where it is 15 mm. wide, and an inconspicuousspot under the eye, white ; sides of neck, shoulder, outer side of upperarm, side of body between the white lateral stripe and the black back, afine and ec[ual grizzle of black and white, becoming a coarse grizzle ofblack and white, the latter color in excess, on the sides of the rumpabove the thigh; sides of head, upper surface of feet, outer side offorearm, and ears, black, finely grizzled with inconspicuous white;base of whiskers and area arountl lips, buffy; underj^arts of bodyand inner sides of legs, an equal grizzle of black and ferruginous;underside of tail, between the black basal portion and the blackpencil, a coarse mixture of black and white.Variations from the type.?Some specimens have more black in theunderparts, so that the general effect is almost seal brown. Oneskin from Pulo Saparo, Cat. No. 142324, U.S.N.M., and one fromPulo Kanchil, Cat. No. 142319, U.S.N.M., have more extensive blackbacks and no grizzling appears between the pure black back and thewhite lateral stripe. The amount of light grizzling above the shoulderis variable. Two skins. Cat. No. 142321, U.S.N.M., opposite Pulo 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxiii.Jambu, and Cat. No. 142322, U.S.N.M., opposite Pulo Saparo, showvery slight traces of the red about the shoulder, which becomes sucha conspicuous feature of Sciurus horneoensis horneoensis. In abouthalf the specimens the white side stripe is subtended by a fairly well,marked black stripe. This black stripe is not very evident in thetype. The white is often so arranged on the tail that in certainlights it appears black and white ringed.STcull and teeth.?These show no characters by which they may bedistinguished from those of the typical form or other species of thesame size.Measurements.?For measurements of the ty])e and series see table,page 556.Specimens examined.?Fifteen. See table, page 556.Remar'ks.?Sciurus horneoensis palustris appears to be a dark-shouldered, dark-bellied form of ?S'. horneoensis confined to the lowswampy lands near the sea. No single specimen in the presentseries shows a complete intergradation with the typical form, but bypicking out various specimens in the two series and using onlyhomologous characters complete intergradation may be found fromany style of one to any style of the other form.SCIURUS SANGGAUS, new species.Tyjie.?Adult female, skin and skull. Cat. No. 142296, U.S.N.M.Collected at Sanggau, western Borneo, south bank of Kapuas River,August 21, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 4357.Diagnostic cJiaracters.-?A member of the Sciurus prevostii group,most like Sciurus carimatx Miller,'' but shoulder darker, a grizzle ofblack and bufl", and the white area of thigh finely mixed with black.Color of type.?Nose, top of head, entire upper parts of body, andentire tail, black; entire underparts, inner side of legs, and uppersurfaces of feet, ferruginous to orange-rufous; base of whiskers,small spot under eye, lateral stripe 100 mm. long by 10 wide, fromjust behind shoulder to front of thigh, white; outer side of thigh acoarse grizzle of black and white; sides of head and neck a finegrizzle of black and white, the black in excess; region of shouldera grizzle of black and pale ochraceous or buff blending in with theochraceous of the upper arm.Variations in the series.?With the exception of two specimensfrom Pulo Kubu (opposite Pulo Limbang), no noteworthy variationsin color are found in the series. In some individuals the cheeksare grayer than they are in the type. One or two specimens showthe shoulder area nearly clear gray while in others a light ochraceouspredominates. Compared with the series taken on the north bank ofthe Kapuas, the squirrels south of that river are remarkably uniform. aProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, p. 57, July 23, 190G. NO. 1577. MA3fMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO?LYON. 555The two skins from Pulo Kubu (Cat. Nos. 142327, and 142328,U.S.N.M.) differ from the rest of that series in beinsi; slightly largerand in having the shoulder area tawny-ochraceous and the wliiteon the thighs with scarcely any admixture of black.SJcull and teeth.?Apparently there are no constant differencesby which skulls of Sciurus sanggaus may be distinguished fromthose of related species.Measurements.?See table, page 556. Sciurus sanggaus averagesslightly smaller than S. borneoensis.Specimens examined.?Twenty-one; see table, page 556.Bemarks.?It is possible the two specimens from Pulo Kubu mayrepresent a race distinct from the typical form. They average slightlylarger than the rest of the series and differ somewhat in color asalready noted. Except for a slightly smaller size they are practicallyindistinguishable from specimens of Sciurus hangkanus.[The Sciurus raffiesi [or j)fevostii] class was particularly interestingand there is a large series. All those from the left bank of theKapuas (facing sea) have black tails and all from the right bankand its adjacent islands have gray tails and are much more variable. ? W. L. Abbott.] SCIURUS DULITENSIS (Bonhote^J901. Sciurus viftntitK di(litensis Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.. VII,May, 1901, p. 451.Doctor Abbott secured nine plantain squirrels in western Borneowhicli may be referred to this species. I have seen no examplesfrom jSIount Dulit, but Doctor Abbott's specimens do not differessentially from plantain sc[uirrels from Sarawak, though theyapparently have less yellow on cheeks, sides of neck, and forearm.In color of the underparts, size and distinctness of the lateral stripes,the west Borneo squirrels show considerable variation, but it doesnot seem to be correlated with definite areas as in the case of theprevostii group of squirrels. For measurements see table, page 557. 556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIII. Measurements of the squirrels of the Sciurus prevostii group in western Borneo. Name. NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO?LYON. 557 1907. SCIURUS HIPPURELLUS Lyon.Sciurus hippurelhis Lyon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., L, p. 27, April 8, 1907.Thi-ee specimens, two from the Landak River and one from theKapuas River below Tyan. For measurements, see table below.Measurements of squirrels from western Borneo. Name. Localitv- Num-ber. Sex and age. Oct 558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIIIThus Cat. No. 142335, U.S.N.M., a nearly mature female, has a muchmore pointed rostrum than No. 142334, U.S.N.M., an old female.For measurements, see table, page 557.NANNOSCIURUS BORNEANUS Lyon.1906. Nannosciiiriis borneanus Lyon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIX, p. 54,May 1, 1906.Thirteen specimens as follows: One skin and skull from SungeiSama; five skins and skulls and one alcoholic from Tanjong Putus,Landak River; five skins and skulls and one alcoholic from theKapuas River. (For table of measurements of these and relatedspecies, see Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 1906, p. 594.)NANNOSCIURUS EXILIS (Miillerj.One skin and skull, an adult male, from Sanggau. Collector'smeasurements: Head and body, 77 mm.; tail vertebrae, 50; liindfoot, 25. MUS EPHIPPIUM Jentink.1880. Mus ephippium Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, II, p. 15.1894. Mus ephippium, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XIV, p. 453.Nine small rats, most of them immature, from various localities,may be referred to this species. They are somewhat smaller andhave darker bellies and narrower audital bulhe than a specimen thatseems to be Mus ephippium. from Tarussan Bay, Sumatra, but thematerial is not sufficient to determine their status satisfactorily.For measurements see table below.[Caught in Dyak houses.?W. L. Abbott.]MUS RAJAH Thomas.1894. Mus rajah Thomas, .\^^u. Mag. Nat. Hist., (ith ser., XIV, p. 451.One specimen, a young a(Udt male, from the Kapuas River belowTyan. The single specimen is somewhat smaller than specimens ofMus rwjah in the U. vS. National Aluseiun from the Natuna Islands,perhaps owing to its immaturity.For measurements, see table below.Measurements of Mus from western Borneo. Name. Mus ephippium..DoDoDoDoMus rajah Locality. Sungei SamadodoPulo JambiidoKapuas River belowTyan. b 142250b 142251* 142252f 142253c 142257142248 Sex. Male....Female .do..do..do..Male Age. Young adult.AdultdoYoung adult.dodo T3 NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED [X WESTERN BORNEO?LYON. 559FELIS BENGALENSIS of Authors.One specimen from Ngabong, Landak Eiver, a young female, withnone of the permanent teetli in place.Measurements: Cat. No. 142343, U.S.N.M.; head and body,387 mm.; tail, 158; hind foot, 88; greatest length of skull, 69;zygomatic l)readth, 47.5.ARCTOGALIDIA STIGMATICA (Temminck).An adult male from the Landak River. Cat. No. 142341, U.S.N.M.Measurements: Head and body, 555 mm.; tail, 660; hind foot, 96;weight, 7} lbs. (3.29 kgs.) ; greatest length of skull, 110; basal length,105.6; basilar length, 103.5; zygomatic width, 67.7; interorbital con-striction, 13.7; front of canine to back of last upper molar, 41.PARADOXURUS PHILIPPINENSIS Jourdan.1885. I'aniilnxurti^ philipp'nieniii><, Blanf(iri), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 800.Two specimens of Paradoxurus, collected by Doctor Abbott inwestern Borneo, do not appear essentially different from two skinscollected by Dr. JC. A. Mearns in the Philippine Islands.Measurements: Adult male, Pontianak, Cat. No. 142338, U.S.N.M.,and adult male, wSanggau, Cat. No. 142339, U.S.N.M., head and body,500, 470 mm.; tail, 443, 375; hind foot, 85, 84; greatest length ofskull, 101.4, 100.5; basal length, 95.7, 92.4; basilar length, 93.5, 91.5;front of canine to back of last upper molar, 36.5, 35:7.[Brought alive by a Malay, very thin.?W. L. Abbott.]HERPESTES SEMITORQUATUS Gray.1846. Hcrpesirs semitonpiatus Gray, Ann. Ma^. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1846, p. 211.1879. Herpestes seinitorqiKifnx, Anderson, Zool. Western Ynnnan, p. 191, pi. ix,figs. 1, 2.I refer a young male mongoose from Sanggau to this species withsome hesitation. It is a very immature individual, and while the char-acters of the skin answer in a general way to the description of thatof Heriyestes semitorquatu.s, the appearance of the skull suggests thatat maturity it would more nearly resemble that of H. vitticollis."'The light area on the sides of the neck is not at all conspicuous, asthe description of //. semitorquatus indicates. The back and uppersides are not "finely marked with yellow," but most of the long hairsof those regions have a rather wide yellow subterminal band.Measurements: Cat. No. 142340, U.S.N.M., immature male, headand body, 370 mm.; tail, 235; hind foot, 82; greatest length of skull,78; zygomatic width, 43. "^Anderson, Zool. West. Yunnan, p. 191, pi. ix, figs. .3, 4.Proc. N. M. vol. xxxiii?07 36 560 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIII.LUTRA LOVII Gunther.1876. Lutra lovii Gunther, Proc. Zool. Sou. London, p. 736. (Type-locality,Borneo, opposite island of Labuan.)1905. Lutra lovii, Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch Indie,LXV, p. 222.Two small hairy-nosed otters may be referred to this species, whichis almost an exact miniature of the large Lutra harang of the Malayregion. The color of Lutra loirii is generally darker throughout,both above and below. The light area on the throat is more restrictedand more contrasted with the general dark color of the animal. Thetail is relatively nuich larger than it is in the T^utra harang and con-siderably longer (about 4 inches =100 mm.) than the publishedmeasurements (11 inches) of Lutra Imm. The skull of Lutra loviihas about the same general size as that of the clawless otter, Aonyx A. Last two maxillary teeth (kkjht side) of Lutra barang, adult female, Cat. No. 104437,U.S.N.M., PuLo Lankawi, x \\. B. Last two maxillary teeth of Lutra lovii, adultfemale, Cat. No. 142337, U.S.N.M., Pulo Saparo, in Kapuas River, western Borneo, x li. cinerea, but in shape and in relative proportions it is almost anexact counterpart of that of Lutra harang. In addition to the dif-ferences in size between the skulls of Lutra lovii and L. harang maybe mentioned the enlarged bullae of the smaller species, the dis-tinctly smaller foramina along the inner side of the bullae and thereduction of the inner segment of the upper carnassial tooth.The marked differences between the carnassial teeth of the smallLutra lovii and the large L. harang are well sho\\Ti in the figureabove, and require no detailed description. They may indicatemore than a specific difference.The two adult females collected by Doctor Abbott measure asfollows: Cat. No. 142336, U.S.N.M. (near Pontianak), and No.142337, U.S.N.M. (Pulo Saparo) ; head and body, 615, 575 (585) ? mm;tail, 385, 375 (280); hind foot with claws, 107, 103; greatest lengthof skull, 101, 100.2; basal length, 94.3, 91.4; upper length, 85, 83.7 o See foot note on page 561, }rA3rMALS COLLECTED LN WESTERN BORNEO? TA'ON. 561[about 90];'^ mastoid breadth, 51.4, 53 [about 55]; zygomatic breadth,58, 58.9[?]; interorbital constriction, 11.4, 13.7 [?]; upper toothrow to front of canine, 30.5, 30.7 [32.4]; lower tooth row to front ofcanine, 38, 38 [42.4].Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., writes that the type of Lutra lovii in theBritish Museum is "a young hairy-nose with milk canine and nextto last premolar in place. Skull broken away beliind." It will beseen from the above measurements that Doctor Abbott's two smallotters have much longer tails than has the type of L. lovii , and slightlysmaller skulls; and it is not at all unlikely that they represent adifferent race. As the ty}:)e of L. lovii is young and of the oppositesex from Doctor Abbott's two specimens, it does not seem advisablefor the present to name the Bornean form.HELARCTOS EURYSPILUS Horsfield.1826. Hdarctoa nmjspiliis Horskield, Zocil. Jouni., II, pp. 221-234, pi. vii.A single skull, Cat. No. 142344, U.S.N.M., without lower jaw,from the Landak River, may be referred to Ilelarctos euryspilus,which most authors have regarded as a synonym of //. malayanus,and not without reason, for Horsefield's description of Ilelarctoseuryspilus was based on a living example in London, and no char-acters are given to differentiate the two forms. In 1903 DoctorAbbott collected a full-grown male of the Sumatran Helarctos malay-anus along the Kateman River, eastern Sumatra. A compariscmof its skull with the Bornean skull shows well-marked differencesbetween the two insular forms. It should be noted, however, thatthe tyj^e of H. malayanus came from Bencoolen, some little distancefrom the Kateman River, and that no locaHty in Borneo is men-tioned for H. euryspilus, so that the following comparison may notbe made between t}^ical examples of the two species. Both skuUsare fully adult and of nearly equal age, although the Sumatra oneis the older. The sex of the Bornean skull is unknown, but judgingfrom the large size of the canine and other teeth it is without ques-tion not different in sex from the Sumatran skull.In addition to the difference in size shown in the following tablemay be mentioned the greater relative size of the maxillary teeth inthe Bornean bear, which are actually as large as in the Sumatranspecies; the relatively wider palate and its greater posterior exten-sion behind the toothrow in Helarctos malayanus, relatively largerbullas in H. euryspilus, and the very large expansion of that portionof the mastoid applied to the posterior aspect of the auditory canalin the Sumatran species. ? Measurements in parentheses are those given in the original account of Lrdralovii (Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1876, p. 736), and those in brackets measurements ofthe type skull of Lutra lovii made by Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr. 502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXllI. Cranial measureinent of Snmatran and Bornean svn-bears. DiniciKsious. Basal length - . Basilar lengthCondylo-basal lengthPalatal lengthGreatest lengthZygomatic widthMastoid widthWidth of braincase above zygomataWidth at postorbital processesLeast interorliital widthLeast width of palate between last upper m.olarsPosterior edge of last upper molar (alveolus) to palationPosterior edge of last upper molar (alveolus) to tip of pterygoidAlveolar length of last three upper cheek teeth combinedAntero-posterior diameter of canine at alveolus Helarctosmalayanus,Cat. No.123138, Kate-man River,eastern Su-matra. 21521023411725620815610487.694136664425 HelarctoscurtispilusCat. No.142344, Lan-dak River,Borneo. 189.5186205102.3222176.41.34. 5 91.874.66036286044.522.5TUPAIA DORSALIS Schlegel. 1857. Tupaia dorsalia SciiLEciEL, Haiull. IxMicf. Dicrkuiide, Pt. 1, p. 59, pi. iii,lig. 31.1890. Tvpata dorsaiin, Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XII, p. 228.Skin and skull of adult female from the Kapuas River oppositePulo Saparo. Region of that river is the type-locality.Measurements, Cat. No. 142247, ILS.N.ivi.: Head and body, 175mm.; tail vertebrae, 145; hind foot 43; greatest length of skull, 49;zygomatic width, 22. -4 ; interorbital constriction, 12.8. ' [Snared by Malay.?W. L. Abbott.]TUPAIA SPECIOSA (Wagner).1840. Cl[adobulcs] upecio-'ins W'agiNek, .Schrebers Haugthiere, Suppleinentbandvon J. A. Wagner, II, p. 43.Two specimens, an adult male from the Kapuas River oppositePulo Jambu and a young male from the Tyan district. Owing tothe general distinctness of species in related groups from Borneo andSumatra, I have used the name Twpaia speciosa (type-locality, Bor-neo) in preference to the usual name T. tana (type-locality, Sumatra).The adult. Cat. No. 142247, IT.S.N.M., measures: Head and body,229 mm.; tail, 196; hind foot, 55; greatest length of skull, 64; zygo-matic width, 29.8; interorbital constriction, 16.6.CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS (Miiller).1839. I'achysoiiia hrachijotis Mullew, 'I'ijdsclirilt Natuur. Geschied. Physiol.,V, p. 146.Twenty-five specimens, 2 skins with skulls and 28 in alcohol, allfrom the Kapuas River, Sanggau district.For external measurements of ten adults see table, page 564,Nearly all of the specimens are pregnant females. NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO?LYOX. 568RHINOLOPHUS TRIFOLIATUS Temminck.1835-1841. Rhinolophiis Irifoliatus TemmiKcK, Moiiogr. Mainimilogic, II, p 27,pi. XXXI. (Java, type-locality.)1878. Rhinolophvs frifolintiis. Dobson, Cat. Chirop. liritish Mus., p'. 106, pi. vii,fig. 3.^ "1905. Rhinolophiis trifolialus, Anderskn, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., XVI,August, 1905, p. 249, and tal>le opposite p. 256, and figs. 2 and 2a, p. 245.One specimen, an adult male, Cat. No. 142384, U.S.N.M., preserved,in alcohol iroui Pnlo Kanclul, Kapuas River. The ty])e of Rliiiio-lophus trifollatus came from Java, l)iit I c(uite ao^ree with Andersen,in the ahsence of specimens, in tisinji Temminck's name for the Bor-nean animal, although, as Andersen has ])ointed out, there are somediscrepancies between Temminck's natural-size illustration and Bor-nean specimens. The example seciu'ed bv Doctor Abbott is a large-sized individual, agreeing in most respects with Andersen's maximimimeasurements.For external measurements see tal)le, page 504. The princi})alcranial measurements are: Total length, 24.9 mm.; mastoid width,11.1 ; zygomatic width, 12.4; width of nasal swellings, 6.5; maxillarytoothrow", 9.4; mandibular tooth row (not including incisors), 9.9.MYOTIS MURICOLA (Hodgson).Seven specimens from Sanggau, an adult male, four adult fe-males, and two young, all in alcohol.For external measurements see table, page 564.[Caught roosting in the plantain leaves.?W. L. Abbott.]GLISCHROPUS TYLOPUS (Dobson).1875. Vesperngo {(rlischroptis) tylopas Dobson, Proc. Zool. Soc. LoikIou, p. 473(type-locality, northern Borneo).1907. (Hischropvs tylopva, Miller, Bull. 57, I^. S. Nat. Mus., p. 205, June 29, 1907.Doctor Abbott secured 56 specimens of this interesting l)at, allpreserved in alcohol from the following localities: Sungei Sama, nearPontianak, o Oi 03O 05 C5 O O C: t^ 'O "C ?C 'O ?o tC lO >o "O to ?r^ ?C --C ?C '^ ? c^r::3?2::i23?car-j-mor-.t- ! '. '. I ! i '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '.g -^ -^ -^f -^ f -^ Tji -rr -r" "-T* CO 00 lO iC lO O Tj* lO lO lOS^-Hl-H^^O^OTt^C^^CCO^-^t^o6cl0^^^^1^C00005odoi(^i^"^CCCCCOCD';DOcOOcOiO(>JCqC1C^(>JMWM(NC^(NWCOCOCCCC ?n'?x : "-H 1-1 CO CO CO CC CO CO CO CO CO 00 CO CC CO CO CO CO CO ?UAVOJOmoJJ jBg i?0 lOiOiO uOiOiOlOiCO'^iO'^CC'iO'^iOCO'^C^t^t^COOOOOQOC^t^t-^OOt^OOOOioO s^s: o o o o o o X a OCOgoOOSOOM 3 3,ftp.bc-a-TS oTS-o S-Q OOOOOOOOoJsOOOOCOCOOO' K0.1677. MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO?LYON. 565TARSIUS TARSIER (Erxleben).Four specimens of Tarsiers from western Borneo may be referredto this species provisionally. The only skin preseryed, a female, ispractically indistinguishable from a Philippine skin (Cat. No. 105475,U.S.N.M.), from Mindanao. The skulls of the Bornean specimens arelarger, with heavier teeth and more inflated bulla^ than has thePhilippine skull.[Dyak name Lingseng.?W. L. Abbott.]Measitrements of Tarsivs tarsicr from irestcm Borneo. Locality. 566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIIl.The two skulls from the Sakaiam River are almost exactly alikeand show no appreciable differences from skulls of Macaca nemes-trina from Sumatra. See table of measurements below, and themeasurements given by Mr. Miller, place cited, page 562. The skullfrom the Landak River more nearl}^ resembles the type skull ofMacaca hroca Miller (page 558, place cited), but the zygomatic widthis not as great (see table below), and the angle of the plane of theorbits with the plane of the nasals is not so well marked. In manyways the Landak skull is an intermediate between the type skull ofMacaca hroca and the Sakaiam skull or skulls from Sumatra, but rathernearer the Macaca hroca type. It is possible that more than one formof the Macaca nemestrina group should occur in Borneo, but at presentspecimens are too few to determine this fact satisfactorily or tomap out their ranges. For the present it seems best to consider thethree skulls from western Borneo as being Macaca nemestrina, orvery near that, and still consider that Macaca hroca Miller, fromnorthern Borneo, is a well-marked form.It may be noted in this connection that the description of the colorof Macaca hroca, quoted by Mr. Miller from Hose's Mammals of Borneo,was not written by Mr. Hose, but copied by that author verbatimfrom the account of Macaca nemestrina as written by Anderson inhis Western Yunnan Report m 1878. Many of Hose's descriptionsseem to have been taken from earlier writers, such as Anderson andBlanford.[On one occasion, at Sintass, a Dyak Kampong away up the SakaiamRiver, near Sarawak frontier, I saw 21 broks {Macaca nemestrina),all brought in together one evening and eaten. A drove was sur-rounded in a clearing, and all killed.?W. L. Abbott.]Measurements of five skulls hclonging to adult males of the Macaca nemestrina group. NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED L\ WESTERN BORNEO? LYON. 567PRESBYTIS CHRYSOMELAS (Schlegel).1838-39. Semnopithecus chrysomelas Schlegel, Tijdscrift Natuur. Geschied.Physiol., V, p. 138. (Type-locality, Pontianak, western Borneo.)1839-1844. Semnopithecus chrysomelas, Muller and Schlegel, Verhandl.Natuur. Geschied. Nederlandsch Bezittingen, p. 71, pi. x, figs. 1 and 2:pi. XI, figs. 2, 3.Nine specimens, seven skins with skulls, one skin without skull,and one skull without skin, all of them practically topotypes of Pres-hytis chrysomelas (vSchlegel). For list of the specimens and measure-ments see table on pao;e 568. In addition to the eight mentionedin the table is Cat. No. 143628, U.S.N.M., adult male, skin withoutskull, no measurements taken by collector, from 10 miles belowPulo Limbang.The color of these specimens is very similar to that of the figure ofthe male shown in Miiller and Sclilegel's plate (fig. I, pi. x, volumecited) except that the underside of the tail for its basal half or three-quarters is white or wliitish in Doctor Abbott's series, instead ofyellowish, as in the plate. Doctor Abbott's series shows no diiferencein color between the two sexes. The white on the underside of thetail is a very conspicuous marking, so that the basal portion of thatorgan is sharply l)icolor. The lower belly, a narrow line down theinner side of the thigh and legs, are whitish, while a spot on thebreast, a line on the throat, and a line down the arms and forearmsare gray. The rest of the animal, whether male or female, is blackor blackish.The chief difference in color between Preshytis chrysomelas and P.sumatranus appears to be in the clearer and more contrasted whitemarkings of tlie Bornean form. The skulls of the two species appearto liave slight if any differences, the most conspicuous being thegreater inflation of the cranium, just below the lambdoid suture inP. chrysomelas, and slightly narrower opening of the anterior naresin P. sumatranus.[The commonest Semnopithecus along the Kapuas was a black onewitli whitish belly and under the tail. The black was deep and dull,not like sumatranus, and entirely difterent from Semnopithecus hoseiand everetti, both of which are in the museum here [Singapore]. I didnot meet with the red form [Preshytis ruhicumlus], but the nativessaid it was common in the hills.?W. L. Abbott.] 568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXXIII. External and cranial measurements of Preshytis dirysomelas {Schlegel). NO. 1577. MAMMALS COLLECTED LX WESTERN BORNEO?LYOX. 569NASALIS LARVATUS (Wurmb^.Of this handsome and strikingly marked monkey. Doctor Abbottsecured nine skins with skulls, and one odd skull. The skins arequite uniform in color and markings. Cat. No. 142418, II.S.N.M.,has the legs grayer than the average and is slightly more gray acrossthe shoulders than the majority of specimens. Cat. No. 142219,TT.S.N.INI., an adult nuxle, is distinctly gray across the shoulders, andis further different from the other specimens in having the diamond-shaped rump patch smoky gray instead of cream color, as have allthe other specimens except Cat. No. 142222, U.S.N.M., an immaturefemale, where the color is likewise smoky gray. In Cat. Nos. 142221and 142224, U.S.N.M., adult females, the rump patch is interme-diate in color between cream color and smoky gray. The dorsalneck stripe is most pronounced in the adult males.Compared with a mounted specimen in the United States NationalMuseum, from northern Borneo, the present series is distinctlybrighter in color, but the pattern is everywhere the same. Thisdifference is probably due to fading in the mounted specimen, or tothe action of pickling fluids. For external and cranial measure-ments see table below. The difference in size between the twosexes is very marked. The skins of the females have the hair softerand more immature looking than do the skins of males. Theoldest female has less than half the weight of adult males which arenot quite so old.External and cranial nteasiirt'mf'nfs of Nasalis larvafiis/rorn vpstei-n Borneo. Locality. 570 PROCEEDINGS' OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.. jcXxiil.HYLOBATES LEUCISCUS (Schreber).1800. Simia lenclsca Scuuebkr, Saiigthiere HuppL, pi. Jii B. No descriptionor locality. For date of this lAate see Sherbom, Proc. Zool. Soc. I-olidoii,189l,p. 590. (The locality of the specimen from which the plate was made i^ givenby Matschie as northwestern Borneo, Sit/..-Ber. Gosellsch. natiirlorsch,Freunde, Berlin, 1893-1891, pp. 60-62.)1876. Hylohates concolor SchleceI;,^ Mus. d'hist. nat. Paj-'s-Bas. Simiae, p. 20.1901. Ihilohntea leucisnis, Trouessart, Catalogns Mammalinm, Suppl., p. 5.Six .skins with skulls and one odd skull from tlu^ Landak and Kapuasrivers. In point of color the six skins ao;ree remarkably well withSchreber's plate of this species. The general color is a drab or smokegray. On the rump this color becomes lighter and has a buffy cast.On one individual. Cat. No. 142178, U.S.N.M., the greater portion ofthe body is of this lighter color. The underparts of the body arelighter in color than the upper parts, except for a narrow collar ofabout the same color as are the upper parts, extending from one axillato the other. The naked or nearly naked portions of the face areblackish, as well as a narrow band of hair adjoining the naked portion.This ill-defined blackish band is succeeded by a narrow^, hot very wellmarked band, lighter and more buffy in color than the rest of thehead. The naked portions of the hands and feet are black, and in afew specimens the hair on the backs of the fingers is somewhat darkerthan the color of the arm.Exlcnud and cranial mrasiirements of Tlylohates leucisciis from western Borneo. K0.1577. }rA}DfALS COLLECTED L\ WESTERX BORXEO?L VOX. 571particularly one female, had the second and third toes joined in themanner of Symjphalangus, but neither in voice nor appearance wasthere any other resemblance.?W. L. Abbott.]PONGO PYGMiEUS PYGMiEUS (Linnaeus).1703. Simla pygimeus Linn.eus, AuKjenitates Acaclemicse, VI, p. 68.1904. Pongo pygjnaeus pygma;us,IioTKSCHii,B, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1904, II,p. 4.38.Twenty-six specimens, namely, three skins with skulls from SungeiSama, and twenty-three skulls without skins from along the SakaiamRiver. The odd skulls were obtained from the dwellings of natives(Dyaks) who had used the animals for food. Tliis collection of skullshas been very carefully studied by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka," AssistantCurator, Division of Anthropology, United States National Museum,and no remarks on them are here necessary. The general color ofthe skins is nearest Ridgway's chestnut or burnt sienna, darkest onthe head and back; in places, as at the extremities, and especiallyaround the buttocks, the color passes into ferruginous. The scanthairs on the underparts are not different in color from those of theback. Cat. No. 142170, U.S.N.M., has the hairs under the chin fer-ruginous. The tlu-ee skins are somewhat darker in color than areskins from Sumatra in the United States National Museum. Thehair is long, coarse, and shaggy, attaining its greatest length (120-130mm.) on the back. External measurements of the two adult females,Cat. Nos. 142169 and 142170, U.S.N.M.: Head and body, 720, 785nun.; liind foot, 290, 283; weight, 70 lbs. (31.75 kg.) "gutted,"75 lbs. (34 kg.).[It was apparently the wrong time for orangs along the lowerKapuas. No wild fruit, but the natives said there were plentyduring the rains of January, etc., and especially when the duriansand rambutans were ripe, said they were close to the kampongs[villages]. Up the Sakaiam they were scarce. I saw many oldsarongs up the Landak, about 50 miles above Pontianak, but no orangs.Was afterwards sorry I did not make a longer stay there, as thecountry thereabouts was magnificent forest, with scarcely any inhab-itants.?W. L. Abbott.] a Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 190C, pp. 539-568.