Archaeological survey of the Quebec lower north shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Mingan to Blanc Sablon

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Archaeological survey of the Quebec lower north shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Mingan to Blanc Sablon

Fitzhugh, William W., 1943-

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Ministere de la Culture et des Communications Direction generale de 1'Est du Quebec

N°. de permis:

01-FITZ-01

Aide-memoire aux archeologues

Nom du requerant: Adresse:

William W. Fitzhugh Annee du permis: 2001

Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History 332, 8th Street S.E.

Washington, D.C. 20003

Nature de la demande:

Inventaire de la Basse Cote-Nord, de Blanc-Sablon jusqu'au lies de Mingan, Cote-Nord du Saint-Laurent.

Contenu du rapport de recherche archeologique

'■ Duree du sejour sur le terrain

2- Carte topographique au 1: 50 000 (localisation des sites)

3- Photographic aerienne (localisation des nouveaux sites) Plans

- territoire prospecte (echelle)

- surface fouillee (echelle)

- sondages (echelle)

Coupes

- stratigraphie de chaque site etudie Description

- techniques de fouille et/ou d'inventaire

- enregistrement des donnees ' Traces d'etablissement

- plan general

- photos significatives

- niveau stratigraphique

- indications generates

- mesures de protection prises Interpretations Recommandations Catalogue des objets

* * - Catalogue des photos Eli annexe

12- Releves des notes, plans et dessins

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Oui Non Non

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(Tire de la Reglementation sur la recherche archeologique. Pour obtenir une copie complete du Reglement, communiquez avec le ou la responsable des permis de la Direction generale de 1'Est du Quebec)

Date d'impression: 5 juillet 2001

Contents

Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Section 5: Section 6: Section 7: Section 8: Section 9:

Project Narrative, Interpretations and Recommendations Topographic Maps

Surface Inspection and Test Pit Catalog

Test Pit Stratigraphy

Significant Photos

Artifact Catalog

Photo Catalog

Field Notes

Research Permits

Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Section 5: Section 6: Section 7: Section 8: Section 9:

Cover Photo: Basque tiles eroding from the shore of the Petite Mecatina-3 site (EdBt-3).

Section 1:

Project Narrative, Interpretations and Recommendations

4 Dec. 2001

The Gateways Project 2001:

Archaeological Survey of the Quebec Lower North Shore, Gulf of St. Lawrence, from Mingan to Blanc Sablon

William W. Fitzhugh

Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution

In August, 2000 the Smithsonian’s Arctic Studies Center conducted a reconnaissance of a 550 km stretch of the Lower North Shore, known in Quebec as the Basse-Cote-Nord , from Mingan to Blanc-Sablon in the Strait of Belle Isle. The purpose of the project was to determine the feasibility of undertaking a study of this region’s cultural heritage, archaeology, and environmental history, especially of its little-known outer coast regions, to investigate the problem of the western penetration of Maritime Archaic, Paleoeskimo, and early Inuit cultures along the Lower North Shore and to associate its culture history more closely with Labrador and Newfoundland. An additional goal was to explore local interest in the preservation and inteipretation of cultural lifeways, historic resources, and cultural landscapes as this region enters a period of rapid social and economic change. At present nearly 300 km of this rugged coast between Natashquan and Vieux Fort is accessible only by steamer and small aircraft. In these regions the populace is sustained largely by community service activities, and local forestry, fishing, and hunting. Villages are small, with populations in the low hundreds, and people’s lives remain governed largely by traditional ways of living and subsistence activities that have persisted since settlements became established here in the 17-18th centuries.

The pace of change, however, is accelerating. Within a few years Highway 138, which has been advancing into this remote coast from both the east and the west, will enable one to drive from Quebec across the Lower North Shore / Basse-Cote-Nord to Newfoundland, the Straits, southern Labrador, and Goose Bay, and to return westward over the Labrador highway to Labrador City, Wabush, and south to Baie Comeau on the Gulf. Alternatively, after reaching Blanc-Sablon, one may take the ferry to Newfoundland and travel south to Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine. For many tourists, the reverse direction may be even more appealing, leading New Englanders and southern ‘maritimers’ on a circuit to Newfoundland, Labrador, and home via Quebec or vice-versa. In addition to benefitting tourists, interconnected circuit routes will stimulate local and regional business opportunities, reduce the local cost of products, and bring people into more direct contact with other regions than ever before.

Certainly not all of these changes will be positive. One of the direct consequences will be an erosion of the most valuable assets that the Lower North Shore possesses - its relative isolation, its traditional lifestyles, its cultural diversity, and its long-held values about the land and its resources. Since nothing will stop the road, negative impacts will have to be managed by taking steps to protect the human and environmental values that give this region its unique character. One positive step would be an accelerated program of research and documentation to

gather and understand the region’s tangible and intangible values coordinated with communities and government to ensure broad dissemination of results for use in planning museums, interpretation centers, school curricula, and popular media.

Today, while the Upper North Shore from Charlevoix to Sept Isles is one of the jewels in the crowns of Quebec and Canada, even Quebecers have little knowledge of the beauty and heritage of the more distant and inaccessible Basse-Cote-Nord, despite the fact that this region was the historic ‘gateway’ of European entry into Canada and the North American continent. Better recognition will only come after its spectacular geography, its dramatic scenery, its natural habitats, its abundant terrestrial and marine wildlife, its 10,000 years of diverse native cultures, and its 400 years of European settlement become better known. The archaeological project reported here was designed to investigate only one of several subjects important for broader appreciation of the Lower North Shore. As has been demonstrated in Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and elsewhere in Quebec, archaeology is especially well-suited to stimulate regional development by instilling a unique sense of regional cultural and historical identity.

Despite a need for more intensive research, Quebec’s Lower North Shore history, archaeology, ethnology, and natural history is by no means unknown. Early explorers and Jesuit priests chronicled its lands and peoples in the 16-18th centuries (Niellon 1996:155). The early French natural historian, Henri Puyjalon (1840-1905), who lived in the eastern Mingan Islands was one of the first scientists to begin systematically documenting its wildlife, botanical, marine resources, and geology, and the region was one of the early centers of paleontological research in North America. Recent decades have seen increased interest in geological, geographical, historical, and ethnographical studies; and archaeological research, in particular, has been conducted intensively in some areas, especially in Blanc Sablon (Levesque 1962, 1968, 1969a, 1969b, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1976; Martijn 1972, 1974; Pintal 1989, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998;

Pintal, J.-Y. et D. Groison 1987). Some of this work has not been widely available outside Quebec because it has been conducted as contract, mitigation, or resource inventory projects and is not published. However, several monographs have appeared (Levesque 1971, 1976;

Somcynski 1989; Pintal 1998). What is needed most of all today is a stronger research focus, building upon the extensive data recovered from contract efforts, that can better define archaeological complexes and integrate them into a broader regional perspective.

Research Goals

The “Gateways Project 2001” had a variety of goals, first among them being to conduct a preliminary archaeological reconnaissance of this little-known region of the Gulf of St.

Lawrence to determine the nature and extent of archaeological remains present in the region, particularly in the outer coastal areas. In addition to compiling information on cultural complexes, sites types, dating, and settlement and subsistence patterns, more specific questions to be investigated included the extent of western penetration by Maritime Archaic, Inuit, and Paleoeskimo cultures; the nature of Recent (1500-500 B.P.) and Intermediate (3500-1500 B.P.) Indian occupations; and the character of the earliest Indian settlements of the Maritime Archaic and/or Laurentian peoples. Types of sites, preferred settlement locales, dates, and associated features, and site conservation status was to be recorded, and general information on coastal uplift, paleoenvironment, local geology, and botany would be gathered. We also planned to

make contact with local residents who might be sources of information for oral history and archaeology.

The following is a preliminary field report covering results of a survey of the Lower North Shore conducted during a three-week period in August. While the brief survey nature of the project precludes conclusions to most of the questions raised above, it provides encouragement that more systematic surveys and excavations could contribute substantially to the goals expressed above.

Survey Narrative

The survey was conducted during August using the Smithsonian’s research vessel Pitsiulak, which provides accommodation for 10-12 people and is skippered by Perry Colboume from Lushes Bight, Notre Dame Bay, in northeastern Newfoundland. In addition to Colbourne, the project team included students Cristie Boone of the University of Washington in Seattle, Matthew Gallon, a recent graduate of Bowdoin College, Maine, and Valerie Boudreault, a Laval University student of Innu heritage. Lynne Fitzhugh, an author and researcher specializing in Labrador, contributed her knowledge of regional history and archaeological survey talents;

Selma Barkham participated in the early part of the survey and provided expertise on Basque history and whaling; Rene Levesque spent several days with the project while we were in Mingan and Natashquan and provided coordination with regional authorities; Steven Young participated as project botanist and accompanied the project from Harrington to Blanc-Sablon, together with his wife, Jan, a textile artist; and Will Richard, a photographer from Maine with experience in ecotourism and heritage programs in Maine, New Brunswick, and Quebec served as project photographer. Our work would not have been possible without research and information assembled in advance by Smithsonian intern Saskia Wrausmann, who could not participate in the fieldwork but collected information on site distributions from the records of the Ministry of Cultural Affairs in Quebec City, and by Valerie Boudreault, who gathered information on previous research in the region and provided coordination and data on the project to LNS Native communities and local organizations.

The Mingan Islands In order to avoid the poorer weather (more wind, rain, and fog) that lasts longer in the Straits than in the interior of the Gulf, we decided to work from west to east, beginning from Mingan, which we reached on 5 August. Because the mainland has already been surveyed extensively by Pablo Somcynski and others, and because our focus was primarily the islands and outer coast, we concentrated our work on the Mingan Islands rather than on the mainland shore. We were extremely grateful to Parks Canada’s Mingan and Quebec regional offices for their consideration given to our request for an archaeological permit for the Mingan Park and for assistance noted below. One of the islands we surveyed that was not in the park, Mingan Harbor Island, had previously been studied by Rene Levesque, who located and excavated the Louis Jolliet post (1971) and reported having found ‘tile’ fragments, possibly Basque, along its southern shore. With the skilled assistance of Parks Canada Ranger Charles Kavanaugh, we spent a week surveying the Park’s dramatic limestone archipelago for archaeological remains. Since our survey had to be rapid, we were only able to sample the coastal strip at prominent points, harbors, stream mouths, and narrows where evidence of dwelling structures or other constructions might most likely be found. Our principal goal was to

search for Paleoeskimo and Inuit traces on exposed points and headlands, as these locations have been shown to be primary settlement areas for these cultures. Should these groups have been present this far west in the gulf in the past, their remains might be visible to the type of cursory survey we were conducting. Unfortunately, no remains of certain Eskimo affiliation were found, and most of the rock features and dwelling foundations identified are more likely the remains of transient camps of relatively recent origin since they were found within a few meters of the modem shoreline. In the few instances where we were able to survey prominent exposed raised limestone shingle beaches, no evidence of prehistoric settlements was found, even though such sites are well represented on the mainland shore, where they are concentrated largely at or near the mouths of rivers and streams.

Based on previous experience in Labrador and Newfoundland where similar islands are often found to have abundant Paleoeskimo and Inuit archaeological remains, the absence of early island maritime sites - even of transitory camps or brief seasonal occupations - among the Mingan Islands was surprising. This pattern suggested immediately that Paleoeskimo and Inuit people never reached the Mingan Islands, which seemed possible if Wintemberg’s statement of having found ‘Dorset’ artifacts at Kegashka (1928) had been correct (an observation that is now contested, see below). Apparently the use of the Mingan Islands by prehistoric people followed a similar pattern as that of the historic Innu, who used these islands and the surrounding waters primarily for waterfowl and seal hunting rather than for settlement. Judging from the many sites known along the mainland coast and the few sites reported from prior surveys by Somcynski and others on some of the Mingan islands, the mainland coast has been the primary loci of prehistoric and historic Indian settlement, with river fishing being the primary economic activity.

The major exception to this pattern is the presence of several important historic archaeological sites in the Mingan Islands. The most important is a large Basque site located in the harbor on the western shore of lie Nue (EbDa-6), with intact ovens and work or habitation areas. This site has been known for several years and represents an important target for archaeological research; one hopes that excavation will be pursued here in the near future, especially as one of its oven (?) structures is currently being aggressively undercut by the sea and important artifacts (which we photographed but did not collect) were found below it on the beach. A second important site, which we discovered with Ranger Kavanaugh’s assistance after considerable effort in the thick second-growth spruce forest at the eastern end of Mingan Harbor Island, was the Jolliet trading post (EbCx-1) previously excavated by R. Levesque (1971; see Niellon 1996: 145). This island is privately held and is not part of the Mingan Park, and we had to obtain special permission for our visit from an agent of the owner. The Jolliet site needs new evaluation, preservation, and research, and could become a major attraction for heritage tourism if arrangements could be made with the land-owner and with the Mingan Band, which has special interest in this island immediately adjacent to their community. A third potentiallyimportant European site is the residence of Count Henri Puyjalon (1840-1905), the pioneering French naturalist who was the first to study and describe this region of the coast and who had a seasonal residence on the south side of lie a la Chasse. Although the location of his grave site is known, his summer residence, presumably located in the vicinity of the grave site, has never been found. This site would make a significant addition to the archaeological resources of the region, providing a third major historical component to the early European history of the Mingan

D

Islands, one that would resonate with the interpretation of its recent and modern natural history.

Specific discoveries in Mingan Park included the identification of rock structures at ten locations: a small rock slab structure south of the Basque settlement on the western end of lie Nue (EbDa-6); two tent rings on the western shore of lie aux Bouleaux (EbDa-52); a large rectangular structure and possible other rock structures at Cap Seche on the eastern shore of lie a Niapiskau (EbCw-56); a rock slab pavement at He du Quarry(EbCw-55); a rock structure at Pointe a l’Enclume on He du Havre; a stone feature at Pointe de Chasse on He du Havre; several rock structures on the west side of He St. Charles north of Barrachoix Peche inlet; a rock feature on the shore a few meters north of Henri Puyjalon’s grave site on the south side of He a la Chasse (EbCs-17); a rock feature on the western gravel beach on Petite He Ste. Genevieve(EbCs16); and another rock feature on the slab beach at (Grand) He Ste. Genevieve(EbCs-18). None of these sites contained any artifacts or cultural remains (other than the structures themselves) that could be used to identify or date the structures; however, based on their proximity to the current shore, they probably belong to the past 500 years. The only artifacts we saw in the Mingan Island survey were a few fragments of Basque tiles and a piece of glazed earthenware which was eroding from the oven site on He Nue, and several small abraded remnants of brick or Basque tile noted along the southern shore of Mingan Harbor Island.

We also discovered an interesting location in a clearing at the top of He aux Sauvages. In a broad pasture-like clearing surrounded by spruce forest we found a moose feeding in a large open meadow of angelica and raspberries growing in rich black earth. Once again, testing failed to reveal artifacts, lithic debitage, or charcoal. Nevertheless, this unusual cleared, garden-like enclave should be investigated further as it seems unlikely to be a natural forest habitat. Perhaps it is the remains of an historic period garden, and in this case one would expect a European settlement site to exist somewhere in the vicinity.

Natashquan We were not able to survey the coast between He St. Genevieve and Natashquan. In the latter location, we spent a few hours ashore and saw a private collection that contained stemmed bifaces similar to Labrador late Maritime Archaic specimens, made of local quartzite. We also visited a location several miles north of the village where whale bones were eroding from a blowout approximately 200 feet above sea level.

Kegashka This English-speaking village has been recognized as an important archaeological locale ever since Wintemberg’s early survey of the Quebec North Shore. Of particular importance was his claim of finding Dorset artifacts and Iroquoian ceramics (Wintemberg 1928, 1942; both claims are now discounted: de Laguna 1946, Taylor 1964, and Martijn 1990, cited in Martijn and Pintal, in press). Recent surveys (Chism 180a, b, 1982; Chapdelaine and Chalifoux 1994) have identified numerous sites around the mouth of the Kegashka River and along the shore of the modem harbor to the east, and several local residents have private artifact collections. Our brief land survey was confined to the Kegashka Harbor peninsula, which did not produce any new sites. Our principal activity was an inspection and photography of the wellknown Stubbert cache (EbCh-1) of Ramah chert bifaces recovered by Hugh Stubbert while digging near his house “about 30-35 years ago”. This remarkable cache, reported by Chism and Chapdelaine and Chalifoux above, and by Loring (1992:444-446, and in press), at the time of the

our visit contains 26 artifacts, 24 of which are semi-finished biface blanks, and the remainder include a single-notched Ramah biface and a schist grindstone. None of the implements are in the form of finished tools, although all had been carefully manufactured and were well-thinned, ready for fashioning into points, knives, or scrapers. Some specimens have polished arises, perhaps a result of transport ‘bag wear 5 . The largest blank is nearly 35cm long, but most specimens are in the 20 cm range. The majority have squared bases and slightly out-flaring lateral sides, and several have slightly convex scraper edges prepared at the bases of the blades, with considerable rounding and use-wear. The low elevation of the site suggests a Middle Woodland period (Daniel’s Rattle/Point Revenge period in Labrador) date ca. 800-1200 B.P. However, absence of diagnostic projectile points and radiocarbon dates makes a precise age and relationship difficult to determine. Mr. Stubbert pointed out that the cache was found in a muddy peat as a single dense cluster of finds with the blades stacked crib-like in layers, two or three blades per layer, each layer at right angles to the layer below. Other than the schist grindstone, the entire cache was composed of Ramah chert. Only a very few of the specimens are broken or have evidence of damage, despite being many hundreds of miles from the Ramah quarries in northern Labrador.

While in Kegashka we visited Lesley Foreman’s salmon-fishing camp on the north side of the mouth of the Kegashka River a few miles west of the town. Several prehistoric sites have been recorded on his property, which is on a raised bank overlooking one of the best salmonfishing locations on this part of the coast. North and east of the river mouth, a number of small sites have been recorded by Claude Chapdelaine during a survey along the ‘winter road 5 along the top of the main beach terrace. We did not check these locations, and instead visited a small island in the river one hundred meters south of where the Hydro-Quebec lines cross the river.

Mr. Foreman had told us a Hudson’s Bay Company post had been located here once, but the site proved elusive.

La Romaine La Romaine is a large French-speaking village subdivided into European and Innu quarters. Our visit here was brief, and since the region had been previously surveyed (Pintal 1995, 1996) we did little more than note the presence of 18/19th century ceramics along the southwestern portion of the beach south of the post office. The adjacent shore near the rock outcrop forming the southwest end of the beach is a likely area for prehistoric and historic sites.

lie du Lac We did not survey locations between Kegashka and La Pvomaine or between the latter and Cape Whittle. However, a brief reconnaissance of the eastern end of He du Lac revealed the presence of an old boulder cache pile (EbCa-1) near the passage to the open sea at a location that would likely have been an excellent seal-hunting spot.

Baie du Nord Surveys around the western and southern shore of Baie du Nord at the west end of Watagheistic Strait produced no sites, and a similar result was obtained from the point at the northwest comer of Watagheistic Island.

Pointe Sealnet This harp sealing location south of Watagheistic Island lived up to its placename by producing a range of sites, including several European structures with associated cultural deposits dating to the 19 th and 20 th centuries(EcBw-l). Among the interesting finds from

a small testpit in the heavily grass-covered European deposits west of the cement foundation of the old seal factory was a whalebone sled-shoe (drilled lashing holes but without counter-sunk basal lashing grooves, as is customary for most Inuit-made shoes). This piece is probably evidence of Inuit influence on LNS winter transport systems (Charest 1998) rather than of the presence of Inuit themselves. However, the find of a single dark chert notched biface knife of probably Groswater affiliation in a peat exposure (EcBw-2) overlooking the southern cove represented the first positive sign of this Paleoeskimo culture during our survey and indicated the likelihood of a Groswater settlement site nearby.

Petite Mecatina The large south-jutting peninsula east of Harrington Harbor known as Petite Mecatina was the first location we surveyed that produced sites at outer coast locations and in densities comparable to that known for the Newfoundland and Labrador coast. The largest and most dramatic find was a huge 19th-20th century fishing enclave at Havre de la Croix, where the remains of scores of buildings and stages line this nearly land-locked harbor, and artifacts literally pave its shores and intertidal zone. Now abandoned, this fishing settlement could be studied historically and archaeologically, and extensive photographic and written documentation must be available. The site probably represents one of the most intensive expressions of the historic LNS inshore cod-fishing industry.

On the outer coast east of Havre de la Choix several sets of boulder beaches rise from the shore to elevations of from 40-80 feet above sea level. At elevations of ca. 40-55 feet on the two beaches we visited, we found large numbers of boulder structures, many of which appear to be caches (EdBt-1); however some of these features are large enough or contain structural clues such as the presence of thin slabs set among otherwise beach-rounded cobbles that suggest they might be burial mounds. At the crest of one beach at ca. 40-45 feet elevation we found a clearlydefined outline of a longhouse measuring 5x28 meters in length, containing five room segments, constructed in the boulder beach (EdBt-2). Caches and other boulder structures were noted at similar elevations on beaches nearby. The open nature of the boulders, lack of soil matrix, and approaching dusk made further study impossible, but it seems likely, based on the numbers of boulder structures and elevations noted, that the southern Petite Mecatina beaches harbor a number of Maritime Archaic sites that warrant survey, mapping, and excavation.

The importance of this region was attested further by one of the most significant finds of the summer, a large Basque site that appears to have been a major 16 th century whaling station (EdBt-3). Located on the east coast of Petite Mecatina, this site contains large amounts of tile spread over hundreds of square meters in a dramatic physical setting surrounded by high hills. In addition to large amounts of tile, our tests produced an abundance of large nails, some extremely thin green glass shards, and bone remains. Heavy vegetation cover made it difficult to identify surface features such as ovens or structures, but the site is clearly of considerable size and importance. Part of the site is inside the drip-line of a high overhanging cliff, and these locations may provide for instances of unusual organic preservation. According to Selma Barkham (who was not with us during this portion of the survey) this site may be one of the few ‘large’ Basque sites yet to be identified along the Quebec coast.

Baie Mouton As in other areas to the west we had neither the time nor the capability, due to

the absence of sufficiently detailed charts, to survey the inner reaches of the LNS bays and river mouths between Petite Mecatina and Baie Mouton to the east. However, we found the latter to be rich in archaeological sites and remains and discovered that many inhabitants of this primarily English-speaking settlement had private collections that they had found while working their gardens or digging house footings or outhouse holes. A set of finds recovered by the Morencys at the north end of town about 27 feet above sea level (EeBs-1) included notched bifaces, large stemmed end scrapers, and a stemmed diagonal knife of Ramah and other types of chert that suggested a similar age (ca. A.D. 500-1000) as the Stubbert cache in Kegashka. The collection also contained a stemmed point of quartz that had been found at one of several high terrace sites from the hills surrounding Mouton Bay marked by the presence of large amounts of quartz flakes. The point appeared to be an Early Maritime Archaic style, which we later confirmed in visits to two of these sites (EeBs-2,3), situated at elevations of from 100-170 feet above sea level. While many of these sites have been damaged by local collecting, some appear intact and could be excavated. Finds included biface fragments of dark chert, quartz, and quartzite; quartz wedges and small circular end scrapers, the latter an early Maritime Archaic type. Rather than showing long linear distributions of flaking debris as found at Late Maritime Archaic sites in the Straits and Labrador, these sites form discrete clusters that suggest small dispersed dwelling structures or settlement loci, as found for Labrador Early and Middle Maritime Archaic period settlements. One of these locations contained a cluster of cobbles that appeared to represent a hearth (EeBs-3). Judging from the exposed materials, all of these sites have low tool/flake ratios; however this observation may result from a long history of local collecting.

At Boulet Harbor a short distance east of Baie Mouton we found another Basque site with large amounts of tile (EeBr-13). This site is much smaller than Petite Mecatina 3 and it has the disadvantage of having a considerable 19-20th century component. On the other hand, its fine small beach and multi-component history and its location close to Baie Mouton and La Tabatiere would facilitate excavation, interpretation, and visitation.

Mistanoque and Checatica Islands These small islands east of Baie de Jacques Cartier provide harborage and settlement site locations in outer coast settings that facilitate maritime hunting and fishing activities. Mistanoque has a fine harbor, but is so heavily occupied by modem camps and middens that we could not test adequately for early sites. Its modem inhabitants could not be questioned about old sites because they had already departed, the salmon season having ended some weeks previously. At a cove on the southwestern side of the island we found several boulder caches, pits, and hunting blinds of unknown origin, and several probable European graves marked by small stone settings and alignments (EhBn-3). On Checatica Island several high sod-walled house foundations (EhBn-1) in a cove on the northeastern end of the island produced early European ceramics in a context that needs to be investigated further, since the presence of winter sod houses at such an exposed location next to a seal-hunting “rattle” raises the possibility that these constructions may be of historic period Inuit origin.

Vieux Fort As we drew nearer to Blanc-Sablon with a few days left in our schedule, it was possible to investigate a number of localities in the Vieux Fort region. Charles Martijn (1974) had worked here, and I had visited the area briefly in 1981. At lie Verte we found a number of

boulder structures (EiBl-6)at 52-foot elevations on a boulder beach at the north end of the island. Some of the circular and sub-rectangular boulder pits were large enough to have been used as dwellings while others appeared to be the remains of open cache pits. No artifacts were noted. Nearby on lie Bilodeau we found a small site (EhBl-1) containing chert flakes (Ramah, opaque, and tan) and a single non-diagnostic biface fragment that had a distinct Dorset appearance. On the nearby mainland, we located a small quartzite flaking concentration below a 19/20th century house foundation at Net Island Tickle(EiBl-7), about 2-3 meters above sea level. This site is quite likely late prehistoric Innu and is the only site of this type found during the survey; such sites seem to be rare in the outer coastal zone of the LNS. At the southeastern end of lie de Vieux Fort we found large numbers of 19-20th century European sites (EiBk-50), and in Bussie’s Cove in a large grassy meadow, evidence of sod structures (EiBk-52), a seal factory, and at a few meters above sea level a barely-perceptible rectangular sod-walled structure measuring 18x 6m, with suggestions of room dividers (EiBk-51). To the wishful-thinking this site at first resembled a Viking long-house, but two small test pits produced no identifiable cultural remains. According to our botanist companion, Steven Young, this location was the first we had encountered along the outer coast where it would have been possible to graze cattle; and indeed, local residents spoke of Bussie’s Cove having been used as a pasture years ago. Further testing is needed here, even though the possibility of a Viking connection has to be exceedingly remote. Most likely, the long structure is a recent animal shed or bam.

Middle Bay Surveys in the Havre des Belles Amours produced a number of interesting finds, including a rock feature that contained a piece of buried orange flagging tape. This site is probably one tagged in the Quebec inventory as EiBi-14 (Groison et al. 1985). Nearby on the high boulder terraces along the east side of the harbor peninsula we found a series of boulder depressions (caches?) at 34 and 80 foot elevations, with no clues as to cultural affiliation; but at an extension of the 34-foot terrace beneath and east of the 80-foot terrace, two clearly-defined rectangular structures were identified (EiBi-19): a two-roomed dwelling with overall dimensions of 4x4m adjacent to a single-roomed structure measuring 4x5m. Two small one-ineter wide cache pits were positioned on opposite sides of the double-roomed structure. In the gathering dusk, surface inspection of the surrounding cobble beach produced no sign of cultural material, but the undisturbed nature of the interior floor, with a prepared gravel surface and absence of large open boulders suggests the possibility of a productive excavation. As suggested for the Belle Amours Peninsula to the east (see below), it seems likely that this site dates to the Intermediate Indian period, sometime between 3500-1500 B.P. A fourth site was found at the entiy to the harbor on Pointe des Belle Amours (EiBi-20). Judging from the graveyard above the site that contained graves of 19 th century Buckles, a family that had been prominent in the Middle Bay region as early as the 18 th century, it seems likely that the 19/20th century foundations located on the terrace below belonged to a local branch of Buckles.

Brador The final region investigated was Brador, where for the past fifty years archaeological research has been conducted, first by Elmer Harp (1963, 1964) and later principally by Rene Levesque (1972, 1976) Jean-Yves Pintal (1989, 1994, 1998) and others. Large numbers of sites are known from this ecologically-rich area, whose complex and extensive series of raised beaches provide a means for isolating cultural components and dating assemblages. The Blanc Sablon is without question the richest archaeological region of the entire eastern Gulf,

Newfoundland, and Labrador, and in time it will become the cornerstone for the prehistory of this region, since at one time or another, depending on changes in climate and resources, it has attracted nearly all of the cultures of this diverse region.

Since this region is already well-known and is currently being investigated actively by Pintal, our purpose was limited to visiting a few sites that were already known or had been previously excavated, rather than to conduct new surveys. We were aided by Mr. Clifford Hart, a local fisherman and historical enthusiast whose interest in archaeology was stimulated by finding a cache of late Maritime Archaic gouge and celt blanks while he was excavating the basement of his home in Brador (EiBh-41), The cache was found several feet under the surface on a relatively low beach a few hundred meters from the current shore. The twelve specimens found were large green-grey slate blanks, some of which had been prepared as gouges and others a ‘spuds 5 (expanded bit axes), while others seem intentioned as adzes. None had been finished beyond the rough flaking stage, nor showed evidence of grinding. The impression left by the cache was that this was a trove of commercial products that had been prepared elsewhere (almost certainly in Newfoundland) and were awaiting transfer or final production. There was no indication (i.e. of red ocher) that the cache had been buried as part of a mortuary ceremony; but this possibility probably cannot be ruled out.

During the day we drove along the coast highway back to Belles Amours Peninsula to a raised boulder beach on the northeast side of the peninsula, several hundred meters south of the highway. Here we inspected a large site (EiBi-7) containing a complex of cache piles, boulder pits and boulder-walled houses that had been reported by several archaeologists, including Rene Levesque (1968, 1969a,b, 1972, 1976), Charles Martijn (1972, 1974), and Rousseau (1982). We photographed several of these structures on the northernmost section of the exposed cobble beach (ca. 32 feet a.s.l.) that exists between the shore to the east and a small pond to the west of the beach crest. As noted at the Havre des Belles Amours sites, a variety of boulder constructions were present, including obvious cache pits (both opened and intact), and several styles of rectangular, oval, and rounded structures with single and double-tiered boulder walls that appeared to be dwellings, some with several internal room partitions, and some with caches built into the exterior walls. All appeared to date to a single cultural period and to consist of a small village or a location to which people returned periodically over the years, building new and slightly different structures over time. Several of the structures showed evidence of disturbance from haphazard excavations in the form of small burrow-pits into the boulder floors of the structures, but no systematic excavation appears to have ever been conducted here. None of the dwelling structures appear to have had internal paving, and no artifacts were observed in the houses or nearby boulders. However, in the sandy deposits north of the boulders small quantities of chert and quartz flakes were seen in eroded vehicle tracks and blowouts. This site would be interesting to investigate thoroughly and would make an interesting location for reconstruction and interpretation. I would guess that the culture and dating would be the Intermediate Indian period based on the elevation and lack of any observable Maritime Archaic or Recent Indian features. If this is correct, this site would represent an important component for a cultural history presentation as house remains from this period are not known from Newfoundland or Labrador.

The third location visited was a site previously identified (EiBh-47) at the head of Brador Bay, on the mainland north of He du Parasseux, where Clifford Hart has a small cottage. This location is in fact a complex of sites that was initially investigated by Rene Levesque (1968), who made some initial test excavations. Although the location has been visited by others, no systematic work seems to have been undertaken. South of Hart’s cottage, between it and the shore, Levesque located what he considered to be a Basque component containing tiles, bricks, and a whalebone sluiceway or trough. We did not test this area, which today is covered with vegetation, but we inspected the shore and found no signs of tiles or other early materials. However, small fragments of red earthenware (tiles? brick?) were noticed around the north side of the Hart dwelling (elevation ca. 26 feet) in the vicinity of unusual indentations and lumps in the ground that may represent subsurface features. Fifty meters north of the house in a bulldozed clearing we found traces of Groswater artifacts in a small garden plot (30 feet a.s.L), a cluster of brown quartzite flakes in the spur road leading to the Hart ‘chalet’, and along the access road leading west at the base of a rocky hillside, large quantities of flakes of red and green slate and various types of chert, including Ramah chert. Where the road passes the southeast comer of a rocky outcrop at the edge of the bull-dozed road, we recovered a small grindstone fragment at the same location (ca. 42 feet a.s.l.) where Hart had earlier recovered a cache of weathered slate gouges or celts. A few meters to the west we found a small-size stemmed point of Ramah and at a slightly lower elevation an end scraper made on a large linear flake of opaque chert. Thus within this locale of no more than a few hundred square meters we noted traces of at least five chronologically-discrete components: Basque or later European, Groswater, Saunders/Intemiediate Indian, Recent Indian, and Late Maritime Archaic sites. It is not obvious why such a concentration of site components should occur at this location nor how much of this material still remains in situ and could be excavated.

We also briefly inspected three other locations: the two Early Maritime Archaic burial mounds(EiBh-59,60) excavated by Levesque (1969b, 1975), located on a high sand and gravel beach ridge about half a kilometer from Highway 138; the Courtemanche post (EiBh-34; Levesque 1968) in the middle of Brador just west of the highway; and the Courtemanche ‘cart track’ (EiBh-126), a roadbed beaten into the ground that can be seen ascending the hillside east of the highway a few hundred meters south of Brador town. Each of these sites could make important contributions to a local heritage and tourism program. The mounds, situated in a dramatic physical setting, need reconstruction and stabilization; the Courtemanche site is of great historic significance but has never been throughly mapped, excavated, and interpreted; and the cart road leading from the Courtemanche site northeast toward L’Anse au Clair provides a tangible human link with this early permanent settlement period, about which so much is known from the records of Charles Martel de Brouague who succeeded Courtemanche here in 1717.

Summary

Although of only three weeks’ duration, our survey provided an opportunity to sample a number of localities in the 550 km of coast from the western Mingan Islands to Blanc-Sablon. This is the first time, at least in recent years, that the entire Lower North Shore has been inspected for archaeological sites at one time. The perspective taken for this project was from the outer coast rather than from the bays, river mouths, towns, and raised beaches of the mainland

shores which have been surveyed, extensively in some cases, in response to highway and development projects. Although we were able to visit a few villages, we did not attempt to survey bay and inshore regions because many of these are extremely complex regions with myriads of islands and uncharted waters. To work such areas requires investigation by parties traveling by small boat, and during this brief survey we did not have time for such an intensive operation. We also had neither funds nor time to engage local guides and inquire in detail with local residents about sites in or in the vicinity of their village areas.

The field techniques utilized were of a rapid survey nature. We selected target regions in areas of major island complexes and headlands. Where raised beaches were found in such locations we inspected them, but we found few such locations in most regions of the outer coast. Outer coast beaches were usually composed of boulders that lacked sandy deposits. Because of the cursory nature of the survey we did not conduct excavations and relied on surface indications such as rock structures, pits, and other visible features to provide indications and attributions of sites. Where such signs were absent in prospective locations we made shovel tests but rarely tested locations with units larger than 50x50cm test pits. For this reason we may have failed to identify sites that were present at some of these study locations. All artifacts, bones, charcoal, and other cultural materials were collected, and sites were photographed, sketch-mapped, located by GPS, and measured for elevation above sea level. This survey approach had all the shortcomings of a project that needed to sample a large, diverse region in a short period of time. Shore stops were brief, and there rarely was sufficient time to inspect prospective site locations thoroughly. Further complicating the process was the fact that in this region even outer coast locations tended to have heavy vegetation cover and few natural exposures.

Despite these difficulties the survey was highly successful. Ten new sites were discovered in the Mingan National Park territory and three important European sites that had been previously discovered or investigated were visited, these being the lie Nue Basque site (EbDa-6), the Louis Jolliet residence (EbCx-1), and the Henri Puyjalon grave. While the newly recorded sites in this region consisted exclusively of rock structures and tent rings that did not contain indications of artifacts and cultural deposits and could not be identified as to age or culture, excavation might prove otherwise, particularly in the case of the structures at Cape Seche on He Niapiskau (EbCw-56). The relocation of the Jolliet site is important because this location may have other structures that were not excavated when Levesque conducted his work years ago, and because this site has the potential for development as a heritage site of special interest to the public. The He Nue Basque site would also be of major scientific and public interest and should be excavated and interpreted as soon as possible; and efforts should be made to find the dwelling of Henri Puyjalon on lie a la Chasse and investigate the lie aux Sauvages “moose garden”. The newly recorded sites should also be investigated to see if subsurface remains exist that might clarify their age and identity. Overall, however, the Mingan survey suggests that these islands were not heavily utilized by native peoples or European settlers during either prehistoric or historic times. Rather they seem to have been used lightly and periodically by groups that maintained seasonal or permanent residences on the mainland, especially near the river-mouths, where previous surveys have identified considerable numbers of sites.

In the region between the Mingan Island and Blanc-Sablon we discovered and documented 26 sites, including two previously unknown Basque sites, several Maritime Archaic sites, a Paleoeskimo site (probably Groswater), several post-MA Indian sites, and several 19/20th century European sites. In addition we inspected and documented several private collections containing prehistoric Indian materials.

One of the goals of the project was to survey for signs of Inuit or Paleoeskimo culture sites along the Lower North Shore, which has been a matter of much discussion in the literature, especially for the historic period (Martijn 1980). Much to our surprise we found no evidence of the characteristic types of Inuit dwellings known from the Labrador coast anywhere in the survey area. While the large rectangular Cap Seche structure in the Mingans has the form of a rectangular 17-18th century Labrador Inuit dwelling, it lacked other diagnostic hearth features and contained (on the basis of surface inspection) no observable Inuit artifacts; although not excavated, its seems unlikely to be of Inuit origin since there is no other indication that historic Inuit ever reached this far west in the Gulf. Although we expected to find increasing sign of Inuit activity in the areas closer to Blanc-Sablon (e.g. Groison et al. 1985), in fact no certain sign of Inuit settlements appeared, even in areas like Vieux Fort and Middle Bay where historical sources and archaeological evidence (Dumais and Poirier 1994) indicate Inuit activity. Records suggest St. Augustin may have been frequented by Inuit, but we were not able to visit this region at all. In general our surveys were too cursory to be taken as anything other than general support for the existing view that Inuit activity in the eastern LNS was quite limited. Of the sites found, the most interesting prospect for possible Inuit occupation is the house foundations noted (but not adequately tested) on He Checatica (EhBn-1). These large high-walled sod foundations seem unlikely to be of European origin primarily because of the site’s exposed location, absence of a good harbor, and adjacency to a ‘rattle’ that would have been an ideal seal-hunting location. Although our survey produced little to change the status of current knowledge of Inuit penetration, settlement, and contacts in the eastern portion of the LNS, the subject still remains an important one for future archaeological research.

Although archaeological evidence of recent Inuit sites is rare, Paleoeskimo remains do exist in this region. It seems unlikely that Wintemberg found Dorset or Groswater artifacts at Kegashka in 1928 (de Laguna 1946; Taylor 1964; Pintal and Martijn, in press). Our survey failed to locate Dorset sites or artifacts in the regions we surveyed along the entire LNS, other than a small possible Dorset chipping station on lie Bilodeau (EhBl-1). However, the discovery of what appears to be a Groswater biface base and flakes of the type of opaque southwestern Newfoundland chert of the type frequently used by Groswater culture suggests that this transitional Paleoeskimo culture occupied regions as far west as the St. Mary Islands west of Harrington. Groswater presence has also been documented in Blanc-Sablon (Pintal 1994).

In contrast to the absence of Inuit archaeology and minor Paleoeskimo traces, signs of Indian occupations were far more abundant, although by no means prevalent, in the outer coast region. Most of the prehistoric Indian sites found in previous contract surveys of the LNS have been from near the mouths of the rivers and streams and especially in the modem villages which tend to be located in these areas. Quartz sites with small rounded end scrapers dating to the Early or Middle Maritime Archaic periods seem to be more common in the eastern part of the outer

coast in the regions east of Harrington where high land occurs at the coast without an extensive island barrier. Late Maritime Archaic sites are indicated by small tapered stemmed points collected at sites at Natashquan, which may be near the western limit of the Maritime Archaic culture, and Brador Bay. The latter area in particular has huge Maritime Archaic sites of many different periods, including burial mounds and caches of slate blanks imported from Newfoundland. The presence of Maritime Archaic long-houses, caches, and possibly burial mounds on the boulder beaches of southern Petite Mecatina offers a chance to study these expressions in distinctly outer coast environment and is presently the southern and western limit known for this settlement type.

Our work confirms previous evidence for Indian occupations of the post-Maritime Archaic period ca. 3000-3500 B.P. Based on inspection of private collections in Mingan, Kegashka, Baie Mouton, and Brador, there is a substantial occupation of the LNS by peoples related to what has been called the Saunders Complex or Intermediate Indian on the central Labrador coast. Tool forms including round-based side-notched points and large end scrapers are similar to finds from Labrador dated to this period. While Labrador sites of this period are characterized by large 2-3 meter diameter cobble hearth floors at sandy sites with no suggestion of house types, so far there is no evidence for this settlement pattern on the LNS. For this reason it will be interesting to see if excavations at boulder pit-houses and related structures found in the vicinity of Havre des Belles Amours at 30-35 feet elevations date to the Intermediate period. These structures do not confonn to Maritime Archaic types and seem to high to date to the late prehistoric period. Because structures of this type have not been found in Labrador or Newfoundland, where Early and Late Prehistoric Indian settlement types are better known, it makes some sense to consider that they may belong to the Intermediate period, ca. 3500-1500 B.P. For this reason, excavations of these sites might produce important new information if cultural materials and dating samples can be recovered from these sites.

Finally, with the exception of a small site at Net Island Tickle (EiBl-7) west of Vieux Fort, our survey revealed little prehistoric material from the Recent Indian or proto-Innu period ca. 1500-500 B.P. Data from this period seems to be more common at river mouth sites than from the outer coast, suggesting that outer coast maritime resources were not very important to these groups. What is unusual about this period is the large amount of Ramah chert noted in some collections, notably the Stubbert cache (EbCh-1) from Kegashka, if in fact this cache dates to this period. The large number of large, finely-made Ramah chert blanks in this collection makes it of special importance and provides evidence of the existence of extensive trade networks dating to this period. We have been accustomed to Ramah chert raw material and style tools related to the Daniel’s Rattle and Point Revenge complexes of central Labrador appearing in Newfoundland, the southern Maritimes, and New England in Late Maritime Archaic and Middle Woodland contexts, but generally not at sites in the Gulf. The Kegashka cache and finds of Ramah chert in late prehistoric collections further west suggests more extensive western movement of Ramah than previously known, and more extensive contacts with Labrador at this time than in any other period in the region’s prehistory. The presence of similar caches in Brador and southern Labrador suggests that these movements occurred along the coast rather than through the interior.

Summarizing the results above, the Gateways 2001 project sampled a variety of outer coastal regions along the LMS from Mingan to Blanc Sablon. The survey supports much of the evidence obtained during previous research in this region but adds significant knowledge of certain locations and problems. Evidence of Paleoeskimo and Inuit occupations of the western LNS appears non-existent, while the eastern areas as far west as Cape Whittle have seen at least limited settlement by Groswater and Dorset Paleoeskimo culture. Inuit penetration westward from Blanc Sablon is even more restricted and has left a minimal archaeological signature dating in the historical period. After peaking in the Maritime Archaic period, middle and late period prehistoric Indian use of the outer coast seems to have become less maritime-oriented through time. Of particular note is the scarcity of prehistoric sites in the Mingan Islands and in the outer island passages between Cape Whittle and Petite Mecatina that would appear to offer excellent settlement and resource prospects. Similar environments in Labrador were active settlement areas for both Indian and Eskimo/Inuit groups. Thus, while much of the physical environment and climate of the Quebec LNS resembles the coast of central and southern Labrador, conditions here did not provide the economic base to sustain the long-term cultural diversity, especially of Eskimo/Inuit cultures, that flourished in the more maritime regions to the east. On the other hand, contacts between the LNS and Labrador Indian groups appear to have been strong throughout prehistory, particularly during the Maritime Archaic and late prehistoric periods.

Acknowledgments

Our field project benefitted from the assistance of many people and organizations. I greatly appreciate the encouragement and assistance of the Quebec Ministry staff, including Gilles Samson and Claudine Giroux. Rene Levesque encouraged me to undertake this project and assisted in part of the planning and fieldwork. I would like to thank Jean-Yves Pintal and Pablo Somsynski for research assistance, and interns Saskia Wrausman and Valerie Boudreault who conducted research that helped familiarize me with the published literature and archaeological records. Valerie provided an important entree to Innu communities. She, Cristie Boone, and Matthew Gallon were fine field assistants, and Perry Colboume skippered the Pitsiulak with his usual skill and humor. We received important assistance from Parks Canada in Mingan, especially from Stephane Marchand and Roberge Benoit, and from Pierre Drouin in the Parks Canada Regional Office in Quebec; I want to especially thank Park Warden Charles Kavanagh, whose intimate knowledge of the Mingan Islands, navigational skill, and expert boatsmanship greatly aided our work. RCMP officer Robert Veilleux also provided important assistance on a number of occasions. Selma Barkham accompanied the project from Newfoundland to Mingan and helped inform us on matters Basque. Other project members including photographer Will Richard, Steven and Janice Young, and Lynne Fitzhugh, brought much specialized knowledge and help. Clifford Hart and his wife Florence provided assistance in Brador, and innumerable others helped us elsewhere along the way by sharing infonnation and allowing us to see private collections. I want to thank especially those who provided some of the financial support for the project, including the Arctic Studies Center, the National Museum of Natural History, and donors General Raymond Mason and Robert Malott. Rene Levesque also facilitated an important contribution via Patsy Kayes from La Societe d’Aide aux Communitees de la Basse Cote Nord.

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Harp, Elmer, Jr.

1963 Evidence of Boreal Archaic Cultures in Southern Labrador and Newfoundland. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 192(1): 184-261.

1964 The Cultural Affinities of the Newfoundland Dorset Eskimo. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 200, Ottawa.

Levesque, R.

1962 Les richesses archeologiques du Quebec. La Societe d’Archeologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke.

1968 L ’archeologie a Brador. Preliminary report on file at la Societe d’archeologie de la Cdte-Nord.

1969a Rapport preliminaire official concemant les fouilles archeologiques de Brador. Report on file at Ministere des Affaires culturelles, Quebec.

1969b Une tradition d tumulus au detroit de Belle-Isle. Societe d 5 archeologie de la CdteNord, Sherbrooke.

1971 La seigneurie des lies et des ilets de Mingan. Lemeac, Montreal.

1972 Description preliminaire detail lee de quatre saisons de fouilles archeologiques dans le region de Blanc Sab Ion, au detroit de Belle-Isle (1968-1971). Report on file at Ministere des Affaires Culturelles, Quebec.

1975 Excavation du tumulus 151-7 a Blanc-Sablon. Report on file at Ministere des Affaires Culturelles, Quebec.

1976 Cadre geographique des gisements archeologiques de la region de Blanc-Sablon. Master's thesis, University of Sherbrook.

Loring, S.

1992 Princes and Princesses of Ragged Fame: Innu Archaeology and Eihnohistory in Labrador. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massaschusetts.

Martijn, Charles A.

1972 Archaeological Research on the St. Lawrence North Shore, Quebec: St. Paul River and Old Fort- Summer 1972. Report on file at Ministere des Affaires Culturelles, Quebec.

1974 Archaeological research on the Lower Saint-Lawrence North-Shore, Quebec. In Archaeological Salvage Projects 1972, edited by W. J. Byrne, pp. 112-130.

Mercury Series Paper No. 15, Archaeological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Man, Ottawa.

1980 La presence Inuit sur la cote-nord du Golfe St-Laurent a l’epoque historique. Etudes Inuit Studies 4(1-2): 105-125.

1990 The Iroquoian Presence in the Estuary and Gulf of the Saint Lawrence River Valley: a Reevaluation. Man in the Northeast 40:45-63.

Niellon, F.

1996 Du territoire autochtone au territoire partage: le Labrador, 1650-1830. In Histoire de la Cote-Nord, edited by Pierre Frenette, pp. 135-178. Les Presses de l’Universite Laval, Quebec.

Pintal, J.-Y.

1989 Contributions a la prehistoire recente de Blanc-Sablon. In: En Marche entre deux mondes: Prehistoire recente au Quebec, au Labrador et a Terre-Neuve, edited by Moira T. McCaffrey and P. Dumais. Recherches Amerindiennes au Quebec 19(23):33-44.

1994 A Groswater site at Blanc-Sablon, Quebec. In Threads in Arctic Prehistory: Papers in Honour of William E. Taylor, Jr. edited by D. Morrison and J.-L. Pilon, pp. 145-164. Mercury Series Paper No. 149, Archaeological Survey of Canada, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Ottawa.

1995 Fouilles et inventaires archeologiques a Unamen Shipi, Basse-Cote-Nord,

Quebec. Report on fde at Ministere des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canada, Quebec.

1996 Inventaire archeologiques a Unamen Shipi, Basse-Cote-Nord, Quebec. Report on file at Ministere des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canada, Quebec.

1998 Aux Fronteres de la mer: La Prehistoire de Blanc Sablon. Les Publications du Quebec, Dossiers 102, Collection patrimonies et Municipality de Blanc-Sablon, Quebec.

2000 Composante de PArcha'fque ancine au Cap-de-Bon-Desir, Grandes Bergerronnes. Archeologiques 13:1-11.

Pintal, J.-Y. et D. Groison

1987 Recherches en archeologie prehistorique sur la Basse-Cote-Nord: Region de Vieux-Fort et de Blanc-Sablon. Report on file at Ministere des Affaires Culturelles, Quebec.

Pintal, Jean-Yves, and Charles A. Martijn

in press Early Bird Archaeologists Among the Bake-Apples: a Quick Swoop Along Quebec’s Lower North Shore. In HonoringOur Elders: History of Eastern Arctic Archaeology. A Festschrift to Elmer Harp, Jr edited by William W. Fitzhugh, Stephen Loring, and Daniel Odess. Contributions to Circumpolar Archaeology, 1. Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution. Washington: Arctic Studies Center.

Plumet, P., C. Lascombes, V. Elliot, M. Laurent, and A Delisle

1994 La question de la coexistence du paleoesquimau et de l’amerindien. Paleo-Quebec 21. Recherches Amerindiennes au Quebec , Montreal.

Rousseau, G.

1982 Inventaire et sauvetage archeologiques a Brador/Middle Bay, 1981. MAC, Report, p. 130.

Somcynski, P.

1989 Reconnaissance archeologique sur le corridor d ’ etude du prolongement de la route 138 entre Havre-Saint-Pierre et riviere Pashashibou, Conseil AttikamekMontaignais, rapport depose au ministere des Affaires culturelles, Quebec.

Taylor, W. E., Jr.

1964 The Prehistory of the Quebec-Labrador Peninsula. In Le Nouveau-Quebec: Contribution d I’etude de l’occupation humaine, edited by J. Malaurie and J. Rousseau, pp. 181-210. Bibliotheque Arctique et Antarctique 2. Mouton, Paris.

Wintemberg, William J.

1928 Notes: Saguenay and Duplessis Counties, Quebec. 2 vols. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Canadian Museum of Civilization, Hull.

1936 Shell-Beads of the Beothuk Indians. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada , 3d ser., 30(2): 23-26.

1942 The geographical Distribution of Aboriginal Potter in Canada. American Antiquity 8(2): 129-141.

Appendix I

The Smithsonian Lower North Shore Project, Quebec - 2001

During August, 2001, the Smithsonian’s Arctic Studies Center will conduct an archaeological and environmental survey of the Lower North Shore in Quebec between Blanc-Sablon and Mingan. The project is being conducted in collaboration with Quebec archaeologists and with the assistance of students from the United States and Laval University.

The project will make an initial reconnaissance of this little-known region of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to determine the nature and extent of archaeological remains present in the region. We plan to compile an inventory of cultural complexes, sites types, settlement and subsistence patterns and will gather information on modem and past biological and geological features of the region. Among the archaeological questions to be investigated are the western limit of Inuit and Paleoeskimo sites; the nature of late Indian prehistory and of Intermediate Period (3500-1500 BP) Indian settlements; and the character of the earliest Indian settlements of the Maritime Archaic and/or Laurentian peoples. Types of sites, preferred settlement locales, dates, and associated features will be recorded. Information on paleoenvironment, local geology, and botany will be gathered. Contacts will be made with local residents, and information on history, oral history, and archaeology will be gathered.

One of the interesting problems for the LNS is the relationship of this region to the better-known archaeological regions of Labrador, Newfoundland, and the Upper Gulf and southern Maritimes region. It is hoped that this survey will lead to further work linking the cultures of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence into a broader picture of prehistory and historic settlement. Such a perspective is currently lacking because of the limited nature of archaeological research in the Lower North Shore region makes it almost impossible to understand cultural relations throughout the Lower Gulf region. It is also important to establish the relationship between Native Innu and other Indian groups with the early European settlements of this region, and the history of contact between Europeans and Native peoples during the past four hundred years.

The LNS Project will seek to integrate cultural and environmental perspectives into a synthetic view of cultural history and adaptations over a ten-thousand year period. Toward this end, the project will establish contacts with other research groups and will develop a plan for future research, publication, workshops, and collaboration. It is hoped that the information gained this year, and in future years if funds can be found to continue the project, will prove to be useful for community development, establishment of bioreserves, tourism, and training of local residents in scientific studies. Special concern will be directed at involving native communities and residents of the LNS region in the research program, and in the future it may be possible to provide training opportunities for Native students and local LNS residents.

Appendix II.

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NORTHING Read number on grid line immediately below point LATITUDE WORD Noter le chiffre de la ligne du quadrillage immediatement en dessous du repere. 98

Estimate tenths of a square from this line northward to point Estimer le nombre de dixiemes du carre

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GRID REFERENCE 984

REFERENCE AUOUAORIUAGE 975984

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INDEX TO AOiOINING MAPS OF THE NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC SYSTEM

I

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Ces cartes son! en vente au Bureau des Cartes du Canada, ministere de LEnergie. des Mines et des Ressources. Ottawa, ou chez le vendeur le plus pres.

© 1979. Sa Majeste La Reine du Chef du Canada.

Ministere de LEnergie. des Mines et des Ressources.

MINGAN
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GLOSSAIRE GLOSSARY

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Arena

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fosse

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P3tmoire .

Puits de petrole .. Reservoir...

Station d€ Ski Terrain d aviation Terrain de golf Usine de filtration

Ougout Arena Lookout Winter Road Mme Waste Dump Customs Water Junk Yard . String Bog Oitch - Kiln

. Senior Citizens Home Gas

Surveyed Line City limits Pa if . Rink Oil Wells Tank Ski Area Airfield Coif Course Filtration Plant

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Municipality

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Indian Reserve

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REFERENCE POINT os above)

ABSCISSE. No(er le chiffre de : a l:gne du quad.'illage immediatement a gauche do rep ere

EASTING Read numt^er or. grid 'me immediately tc left c-f pom?-.

Estimer le nombre de dmemes d:? carre entre cette hgoe et le .epere en direction es: Estimate tenths of a square from this line eastward tc point

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NORTHING: Read number on grid one immediately below point cstimer le rombre de dixiecr.es du carre entre cette hgne et le repere en direction nord Estimate tenths of a square iron this line northward to point REFERENCE A'J QUAORiiLAGE 984

GRID REFERENCE 975984

La prcchame reference similaire est a :00 000 metres Nearest simitar grid reference iOO 000 metres

12-0/4

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| 12 1/14 |

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Tableau d'assemfciage du Systeme national de reference cartographique Index to adjoining Maps of the National Topographic System

ft NAD 83 (WGS 84)

ionne/ 0,22’ .raire 3.09'

oCditiGfiner 224n> ad-Mionner 55m

Produced by the SURVEYS AND MAPPING BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. MINES AND RESOURCES.’ Updated from aerial photographs taken in 1981 Culture check 1982.Published in 1984.

f.K'i ;?• - :

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Copies may be obtained from the Canada Map Office. Department of Energy. Mines and Resources. Ottawa, or your nearest map dealer

tO 83 (WGS 84) ■nap

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tract 3.09“

224 n 66m

) 1984 Her Majesty the Oueen in Right of Canada Department of Energy. Mines and Resources.

■*

BAIE-DES-MOUTONS 12 J/14
EDITION 2 EDITION • Energie, Mines.et Energy, Mines and Ressources Canada Resources Canada Sr
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Ces cartes son! en vente au Bureau des Cartes du Canada, ministere de ITnergie. des Mines et des Ressources. Ottawa, ou chez le vendeur le plus pres.

© 1984. Sa Majeste La Reine du Chef du Canada.

Ministere de I Lnergie, des Mines et des Ressources.

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Section 3:

Surface Inspection and Test Pit Catalog

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Section 4:

Test Pit Stratigraphy
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Section 5: Significant Photos

LNS.01.50. Mingan surface collection from beach (private collection).

Pierre Cousineau/ Gratia Maloney collection.

LNS.01.51. Mingan surface collection from beach (private collection).

Pierre Cousineau/ Gratia Maloney collection.

LNS.01.52. Mingan surface collection from beach (private collection).

Mingan Harbor Island. LNS.01.53. tiles/brick and glass.

lie Nue.

LNS.01.54. Basque tile.

lie Nue. (EbDa-6)

LNS.01.55. Selma Barkham near Basque furnace.

lie du Havre-1, Pointe a PEnclume. LNS.01.56. rock alignment.

LNS.01.57. rock alignment.

lie St. Charles West.

LNS.01.58. structural rocks on beach.

Hughie Stubbert Cache (EbCh-1) LNS.01.59. Kegashka.

Hughie Stubbert Cache (EbCh-1).

LNS.01.60. blanks stacked as they were found.

Hughie Stubbert Cache (EbCh-1). LNS.01.61. biface blank.

Hughie Stubbert Cache (EbCh-1).

LNS.01.62. biface blank close-up.

Petit Mecatina-3 (EdBt-3). LNS.01.63. Basque tiles.

Baie des Moutons-2 (EdBt-2). LNS.01.64. M.A. site.

Baie des Moutons-3 (EdBt-3). LNS.01.65. M.A. site.

Baie des Moutons-1 (EeBs-1). LNS.01.66. Morency collection.

Baie des Moutons-1 (EeBs-1).

LNS.01.67. Morency collection- “fish spear.”

Baiedes Moutons-1 (EeBs-1).

LNS.01.68. Morency home (site in area around trees).

Havre Boulet (EeBr-13). LNS.01.69. Basque site.

Baie des Moutons-3 (EdBt-3).

LNS.01.70. M.A. artifacts.

He Mistanoque-2 (EhBn-3).

LNS.0E71. crescent shaped boulder structure.

lie du Vieux Fort-2 (EiBk-51). LNS.01.73. ionghouse’??

lie Checatika-1 (EhBn-1). LNS.01.72. sod foundations.

Havre des Belles Amours (EiBi-14). LNS.01.74. previously excavated nearth.

tslllsifii

-"-.•a

cm$ki

SBWte

MB ta

i

Belles Amours Pointe (EiBi-19).

LNS.01.75. 2 rectangular boulder structures.

Clifford Hart Home Cache (EiBh-41).

LNS.01.76. artifacts from basement excavation in Brador.

Clifford Hart Chalet Cache (EiBh-47). LNS.01.77. NW of Brador.

Clifford Hart Home Cache (EiBh-41). LNS.01.78. Brador.

Peninsula des Belles Amours (EiBi-7). LNS.01.79. boulder structures.

Peninsula des Belles Amours (EiBi-7). LNS.01.80. boulder structure.

Clifford Hart Chalet site (EiBh-47). LNS.01.81.

Clifford Hart Chalet Site (EiBh-47). LNS.01.82. Basque area?

Tumulus de Brador (EiBh-59,60). LNS.01.83. M.A. burial mound.

m

LNS.01.84. Brador.

Commanderie Courtemanche (EiBh-34).

LNS.01.85. Brador.

Courtemanche Cart Track (EiBh-126). LNS.01.86. Brador.

lie du Havre, Mingan.

LNS.01.87. a-d: glass sherds; e-m: tile fragments.

Baie des Moutons-2 (EeBs-2).

LNS.01.88. a: slate celt bit; b:qtzte. mid-section; c: white qtzte. p.e.; d: red chert end-scraper e; red qtzte. tip.

Baie des Moutons-3, L-4 (EeBs-3).

LNS.01.89. a, e-h: qtz. p.e.; b-d: qtz. end scraper.

Baie des Moutons-3, L-2 (EeBs-3).

LNS.01.90. a:grey chert biface base; b: grey qtzte. indented base; c:red qtzte. stemmed(/) biface; d: white chert biface midsection; e:white qtzte. biface base; f: white qtz. biface tip.

Petit Mecatina-3,TP-2 (EdBt-3)

a f^r - 2

L f

S ! , 3 I i 4 |

ijikmiim

llsi fi^Sfl *Viif

Pointe Scalnet-2 (EcBw-2).

LNS.01.92. Groswater bifacial knife base.

La Rornaine.

LNS.01.93. a-i: 19thc. ceramic sherds; j-n: 19thc. glass sherds.

Havre Boulet (EeBr-13). LNS.01.94. Basque tile.

Petit Mecatina-3, TP-2 (EdBt-3).

LNS.01.95. a,b: Basque tiles; c: sherd of thin glass; d-g: iron nails.

Petit Mecatina-3 5 TP-2 (EdBt-3).

LNS.01.96. a 5 b: Basque tile sherds; c: sherd of thin glass; d-g: iron nails.

LNS.01.97. Basque tiie sherd.

Iledu VieuxFort-I (EiBk-50).

LNS.Ol .98. a,b: glass sherds; c-e: iron nails.

LNS.01.99. piece of leather.

n^ > 2 Msl T a * * y *

^ ' 7l' * 1

iwSjiffeij

Havre des Belles Amours Pointe (EiBi-20).

LNS.01.100. a,b: 19thc. glass sherds; c:19thc. ceramic sherd; d,e: iron nails.

LNS.01.101. a,b: thin sherds of green curved glass.

lie Net Tickle, L-l (EiBl-7).

LNS.01.102. a:European glass sherd; b-e: Prehistoric flakes; f: European cut nail.

Petit Mecatina-3, TP 1 (EdBt-3)

LNS.01.103. Basque tile

'■ ■ ' " < /T R '

. , V v' - V - . . w V \ :

Petit Mecatina-3, shelter surface collection (EdBt-3). LNS.01.104. a,b: cut whalebone.

LNS.01.105. a: MA Ramah chert stemmed point; b: weathered green slate flake; c: ground red slate chip; d: Groswater biface knife tip; e: pink chert flake end scraper; f: black chert flake; g: red sandstone grindstone; h: grey chert flake.

He Checatika (EliBn-1).

LNS.01.106. a-c: annular ware sherds; d, f-h: earthenware spalls; e:undiagnostic ceramic sherd.

Section 6: Artifact Catalog

Smithsonian 2001 LNS Artifact Catalog

£

©

If)

c

to

E

5

4cm wide

Material

green curved glass

green curved glass

aluminum

qlass

m

in

TO

Ol

qlass

glass

>

TO

O

>

TO

O

[clay

TO

O

>

TO

O

TO

O

>

TO

O

>

TO

o

>

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U

bone

whalebone

[wood

Iglass

Ibone

Port au Port chert

| Port au Port chert

white quartzite

I red chert

I red quartzite

Iguartzite

I slate

quartz, red and purple quartzite, Ramah,

slate of a very degraded/ leached sort,

patinated light colored chert

grey quartzite

Igrey chert

|white quartzite

1 white chert

I red quartzite

| white quartz

| slate

Iquartz

Iquartz

e

TO

3

a

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3

cr

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3

a

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iron

in

m

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tan qtzte., SW Nfld. chert, and tan chert?

|tan qtzte., SW Nfld. chert, and tan chert?

(tan qtzte., SW Nfld. chert, and tan chert?

[tan ceramics

Artifact Type/ Name

[thin sherd

Ithin sherd

qlass sherd

Iqlass sherd

Iqlass sherd

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bifacial knife base

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flakes

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biface base

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1 biface tip

1 celt 'stub' (used up)

TO

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5000 BP

|5000 BP

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15000 BP

5000 BP

5000-7000 BP

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LNS.01,90b

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LNS.01.89a

LNS.01.89e

LNS.01.89f

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LNS.01.89h

LNS.01.89b

LNS.01,89c

LNS.01.89d

LNS.01.102e

LNS.01.102a

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Pointe Sealnet-1

| Pointe Sealnet-1

TO

C

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Pointe Sealnet-2

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| Baie du Mouton-3

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Ile Net Tickle

| lie Net Tickle

| lie Net Tickle

| Ile Net Tickle

| lie Net Tickle

| He Net Tickle

thickness: 1.93cm; max width: (5.51cm); max length: (5.53cm)

E

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: 1.35 cm; max width: (9.94cm); max length: (7.66cm)

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| iron

c

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uoj; |

U0Jl|

| iron

c

q

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0

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ceramic

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ceramic

| uojj

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c

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S3

| sherds

| nails

| nails

tile fragment

| tile fragment

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| tile fragment

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I tile fragment

| tile fragment

| tile fragment

1 tile fragment

| tile fragment

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c

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| nail

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I fragment

1 worked whale bone

[worked whale bone

[tile fragment

sherd

[sherd

[sherd

1 sherd

[sherd

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file Bilodeau i

Section 7: Photo Catalog

Smithsonian 2001 LNS Photo Catalog

Format |

Polaroid 1

Polaroid j

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid 1

Polaroid !

Polaroid i

Polaroid

Polaroid !

Polaroid

(Polaroid

(Polaroid i

Polaroid (

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(Polaroid j

Polaroid |

Polaroid |

Polaroid

Polaroid |

Polaroid S

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid !

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Polaroid

Subject |

view N, rock slab structure with basque ovens on islet in background right |

view E

overgrown excavated area 1

view S toward tip of W peninsula, S-1 and S-2

S-1

view N, rock structure

rock alignment i

rock alignment j

view SE from center of clearing !

view S

view SW

view W

view NE, Cristie in feature

view N showing moraine spur

modern ship hauling site

view North at SW edge of beach

rock cache

view North, L2, LI and Concrete foundation

view ENE, test pit site

view NNE, W. Fitzhugh TP

view ENE, location of biface, chip and W. Fitzhugh TP

burial mound

view to North, W end of MA longhouse

view to North, middle of MA longhouse

view to North, E end of MA longhouse

view SW, under overhang

view SW, TP 3 and tile erosion area

view SW, TP 2, TP 1 and datum

view ca. 70° from near datum rock, TP 1 and TP2

view NW, area containing quartz debitage

view North, L3 and L4

view NE i

view W |

view NE, boulder caches and possible European burials

view NE, Crescent pit j

view NE

view NE, TP 2

view E, TP 1, Pitsiulak in background

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view E, boulder features/ structures

TP/ flaking station

view E, rectangular structure

view NE

view NW

view N, sand/ sod foundation

(view W, LI, L2, L3

view NE, LI

view S with flagging

_ ^ *** ___

overhead view of excavated hearth

view N, rock structure

view S, rock structures

view S, rock structures

view North from next to chalet

view South,

MA burial mounds

Pierre Cousineau/ Gratia Maloney collection

Pierre Cousineau/ Gratia Maloney collection

Pierre Cousineau/ Gratia Maloney collection

tiles/brick and glass

basque tile

Selma Barkahm near Basque Furnace

rock alignment

rock alignment

(structural rocks on beach

blanks stacked as they were found

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1 biface blank close-up

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MA site

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longhouse ??

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lie du Vieux Fort-2

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Net Isl. Tickle

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Peninsula des Belles Amours

Peninsula des Belles Amours

Peninsula des Belles Amours

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Clifford Hart Chalet

Tumulus de Brador 1&2

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slide: 6-19

slide: 6-20

slide: 6-26

slide: 6-27

slide: 6-28

slide: 6-29

slide: 6-30

slide: 6-38a

slide: 6-38b

slide: 7-01

slide: 7-02

slide: 7-03

slide: 7-05

slide: 7-06

slide: 8-1

slide: 8-2 j

slide: 8-3 !

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slide: 8-5

slide: 8-6

slide: 8-7

slide: 8-9

slide: 8-10 |

slide: 8-11 j

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slide: 8-17 j

slide: 8-18 1

slide: 8-19

slide: 8-20

slide: 8-21

slide: 8-22

slide: 8-23

slide: 8-24

slide: 8-25

slide: 8-26

slide: 8-27

slide: 8-28

slide: 8-29

slide: 8-30

slide: 8-31 i

M.A. site

toward Morency home

M.A. site L-2

M.A. site L-2

M.A. site L-2

M.A. site L-2

Basque site

cache/structure

sod house area

hart collection, Brador

Clifford and Mary hart and MA collection

boulder structure

Brador Courtemanche road

Brador Courtemanche road

Bussie's Cove big pits

rectangular sod foundation

overview looking NNW

view NW

view SW

longhouse area

view NNW

previously excavated hearth

raised beach terraces

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rock structure

rock structure

rock structure

rock structure

rock structure

rock structure

rock structure

rock structure

prehistoric site

|Basque(?) area

Cliff. Hart at Levesque mound (SW)

Brador Mond view S

Brador mound NE of other mound

Courtemanche site-Brador

Courtemanche site view E

Courtemanche site view S

|Courtemanche site view E

|EeBs-2

EeBs-1

EeBs-3

EeBs-3

EeBs-3

EeBs-3

EeBr-13

EhBn-3

EhBn-1

EiBh-47

EiBh-41

EiBi-7

EiBh-126

EiBh-126

| EiBk-52

| EiBk-51,52

EiBk-51

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EiBi-14

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Baie des Moutons-3

Baie des Moutons-3

Baie des Moutons-3

Havre Boulet

lie Mistanoque-2

lie Checatica

Clifford Hart chalet cache

Clifford Hart Home cache

Penisula des Belles Amours

Courtemanche track

Courtemanche track

He du Vieux Fort

lie du Vieux Fort-3

lie du Vieux Fort-2,3

He du Vieux Fort-2

lie du Vieux Fort-2

lie du Vieux Fort-2

lie du Vieux Fort-2

Havre des Belles Amours

Havre des Belles Amours

Belles Amours Pointe

Peninsula des Belles Amours

Peinisula des Belles Amours

Peninsula des Belles Amours

Peinisula des Belles Amours

Peninsula des Belles Amours

Peinisula des Belles Amours

Peinisula des Belles Amours

Peinisula des Belles Amours

iClifford Hart chalet

j Clifford Hart chalet

Tumulus de Brador

Tumulus de Brador

jTumulus de Brador

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WR slide

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

close-up of biface

L-2; MA rock structures with modern village in background

MA rock structure

boulder beach w/ rock structures

boulder beach w/ rock structures

boulder rock structures

boulder rock structures

Cristie and Valerie testing "longhouse"

"longhouse" view W

"longhouse"

"longhouse"

"longhouse"

"longhouse"

"longhouse" view S

"longhouse" view S

"longhouse"

"longhouse"

"longhouse"

"longhouse"

view E of beach terrraces

view E of beach terrraces

view E of beach terrraces

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Section 8: Field Notes

SITE NAME: lie Nue (Barren)

BORDEN#: EbDa-6 HEIGHT A.S.L.:

LAT/LONG: 50° 12.416N 64° 07.876W

MAP REF: 121/1 CULTURE: unknown DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Rock slab structure, about 50 meters south of 2 Parks Canada study plot markers

SITE LOCATION: West side of lie Nue de Mingan on raised limestone gravel beach.

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: Circular arrangement of slabs covered partially in the interior by vegetation. Internal rocks could not be observed because of vegetation. No chert or old bones were found and there was no special form to the structure which was roughly circular. No sketch map was made.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 5-6 m diameter RAW MATERIALS: none

VEGETATION COVER: berry and ground juniper COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL: This feature could be excavated but the lack of artifacts so far suggests it might not be productive.

REMARKS: Perhaps nothing will be found here, but the structure is the most prominent feature found on the exposed gravel beaches above and east of the harbor area.

£ ' r %

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : yes COLOR SLIDES: yes

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 9 Aug. 2001

> -4

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SITE NAME •*- 2, N[A<L

BORDEN NO. £LD<k- C

HEIGHT A.S.L.

MILITARY GRID REE. ^o ° 6 N C f 0 0

MAP REF. 17 ! ■<

CULTURE

A &^ouo

TENTATIVE DATING

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SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY s/qk O ut tw-e iff f

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DESCRIPTION OF SITE Cl!0^±^L ^ U f S!nU & V(\f(d PctHIt

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RAW MATERIALS

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NATURE OF SQILS/SEDIMENTS/VEGETATI ON COVER ifitMCij AmJ (jVrf UuJ J i\*\ Xjo^ iT

COLLECTION PROCEDURE (S) 7g

SAMPLES TAKEN'

M C \/!i

POTENTIAL FUR FURTHER IvORK (# OF SQUARES, DEPTH 0£ DEPOSIT ?) CrujJ

taCA vested ivihyiA'f 4 (/jsx ^

REPARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)

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COLOR SLIDES

SURVEYED BY \ < j4 ( ni (X.U / t~ 4 tVvIa^ L^

DATE A|j ^ ^ 1

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SITE MAKE

SITE NAME: Mingan Harbor Island BORDEN #: none assigned HEIGHT A.S.L.: shoreline LAT/LONG: 50° 17.136N 64° 00.890W MAP REF: 22 1/8 CULTURE: Basque?

DATING: 1600s

SITE TYPE: Rendering ovens?

LOCATION: Midway along the north side of Mingan Harbor Island, opposite Mingan

Harbor wharf, on the gravel beach

DESCRIPTION: Rene Levesque told us he had, in 1965, found Basque tile fragments and the remains of a rendering hearth across form the harbor at Mingan. We returned to check on the location with Selma Barkham. A careful inspection of the shore produced a few very small fragments of what could either have been brick or Basque tile, and several fragments of old glass. None of the material could be traced to a site location or structure, and it was found along a 50-100 meter section of the shore, at the highest tide wash of the beach. Nothing could be specifically identified as tile. But no bricks were seen anywhere either, so it is more likely that these are Basque tiles and bricks.

AREAL EXTENT:

RAW MATERIALS: tile/ brick, old glass

VEGETATION COVER: beach deposit. Found in areas of the beach where the low cliffs rise right behind the shore.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): surface collection of 8-10 fragments

SAMPLES TAKEN: tile/ brick, glass

POTENTIAL: not much hope of finding mode here ~ V

REMARKS: It seems likely that this area might have been used for a Basque whale oil rendering site, because of its excellent harbor facilities. The water alongside the north shore of the island is deep, but furnaces would have been east of the rapids/ tide rip area that begins several hundred meters west of the collection area.

The tile fragments were found between 64° 00.98W and 60° 0089W

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : Polaroid, video

COLOR SLIDES: 1 slide

SURVEYED BY: W. Fitzhugh, R. Levesque, S. Barkham and others from the Pitsiulak DATE: 7 Aug. 2001

'

£

SITE NAME _ BORDEN NO. ^__

HEIGHT A.S.L. Ik. ) <* £ MILITARY GRID REF. I l-(dk> 0 0

^ ?- 3 r/ft

CULTURE

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TENTATIVE DATING

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE j)\Ai/it -7§uf 1%Q bistjbj Ia){M$ ^h iVj &

RAW MATERIALS

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SAMPLES TAKEN' _

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK (# OF SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?) nAg&ly hf^Q

'

REMARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)

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SURVEYED BY L9 t H^zU C^j) / fcflhl j^cKl/f

£t\ (M<)( 3 )om^Wu

DATE

mA hrf SUt/frU,

SITE NAME: Louis Jolliet Site, Mingan Harbor Island BORDEN#: EbCx-I HEIGHT A.S.L.:

LAT/LING: 50° 16.729N 63° 59.440W

MAP REF: 12 L/5

CULTURE: European

DATING: 1680

SITE TYPE: Residence/ house

SITE LOCATION: In center of spruce woods about equidistant from south and north shore of the island, southwest of small sandy cove at northeast end of Mingan Harbor Island. The site is recognized as a large pit with square trench walls. We had considerable trouble locating the site as we had thought it existed just at the shore, rather than inland.

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: We visited the site with Rene Levesque in order to locate the Jolliet house he excavated in 1966, but we had difficulties in finding it until our Parks Canada colleague Charles Kavanagh found the unfilled excavation pit, which is now in thick forest. We also located the four still-standing posts and lxl meter hole that marked the site privy, which R. Levesque and his team had termed “the white house” because it was made of white canvas. He recalled they had back-filled the site, but must have been mistaken because it appears as though the excavation had been just completed, with only a small amount of erosion and slumping in 35 years.

AREAL EXTENT: 1000 square meters RAW MATERIALS:

VEGETATION COVER: Thick spruce/ fir fo.fest with fo'fs of young growth.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): Nothing was excavated during our visit, but we found charcoal in a pile of backdirt which we found still mounded up near the site.

SAMPLES TAKEN: None

POTENTIAL: Native American artifacts were found in the lower strata of the site and presumably extend beyond the Jolliet house. This could be an attractive tourist site if the excavation was back-filled and the forest was cleared and a reconstruction completed.

REMARKS: Our attempt to relocate the sire was jinxed- first by expecting it to be closer to the northern cove based on the published photograph in RL’s book, Les Seigneurie des Mingan , but the failure of my GPS batteries, heavy forest cover, and lack of Polaroid film made it impossible to make good records of this site.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 35mm, video

SURVEYED BY: R. Levesque, W. Fitzhugh, Cristie Boone, Matthew Gallon, Charles Kavanagh of Parks Canada.

DATE: 8 Aug. 2001

-4

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SIl'E NAME ( I'tVUj.C A7 \t*tfa<s\ HM^cr BORDEN NO. kb Of- _

^ 0 j s *_ f

HEIGHT A.S.L. ________ MILITARY GRID REF. JD<9 N Q* b fl Q.

MAP

REF. /2- L ! 6~

CULTURE V^wtp’AK

TENTATIVE DATING

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY hsX(A tW£ jlu>nt>£

SITE LOCATION J^ UfOvuCe 1 aI(?oJ$

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DESCRIPTION GF SITE l/Jfi AtZil^d fUA C/A?

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE pUM*' OJ^Hj Ifat (k M Jl £ in? 9( PM Qca^J RAW MATERIALS ^ X) ty^ qA f*? * _

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NATURE OF S 01LS/SEDI ME NTS/VE GET AT I ON COVER 7?^v oL., S/^dC^/-frr flehzT fv L /fU

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COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S) &yyppF A * 7 ti&oA fprtyiS cjj

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SAMPLES TAKEN O^lWLacS (/v x Ci.iPl * _

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER iuORK (if OF SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?) UJao 6 frj<xVQ^cJ\

REMARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)

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COLOR SLIDES , Wi J< 0 f)

;.JRVEYED BY

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SITE NAME: He aux Bouleaux BORDEN #: EdBa-52 HEIGHT A.S.L: 1-2 meters LAT/LONG: 50° 14.503N 64° 01.709W MAP REF: 22 1/1 CULTURE: unknown DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: 2 tent rings with rock hearth features

SITE LOCATION: At north end of shallow cove on west coast of lie aux Bouleaux about .5 km north of the point at the tip of west peninsula, and west of the first pond.

DESCRIPTION: two tent structures outlined with hold-down rocks and internal hearth features in a clear area about 25-30 meters form the shore. One site, the northernmost, is on a rocky ridge and S-2 is in a lower area to the south. Both have quite clear structures. S-l has a large rock ring hearth.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 20 meters RAW MATERIALS: NA

SOILS/ VEGETATION COVER: a dense mat of ground juniper and other plants COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): nothing found in 3 test pits, 2 in S-2, 1 in S-l. SAMPLES TAKEN: NA

POTENTIAL: Limited potential- but someone once lived here!

REMARKS: South Point Tests: Test pits at the southern tip of the peninsula produced some charcoal, but nothing else. Some features suggested house foundations in this area, and clearings in the trees seemed to be old cldhrings, bufall TPs had sterile deposits.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 1 slide

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak crew/ Fitzhugh DATE: 8 Aug. 2001

.

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POTENTIAL FUR FURTHER A'ORK (;/ OF SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?)

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REMARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)--

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SURVEYED BY

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DATE y fit t/), /

SITE NAME: He a Niapiskau- Cape Seche BORDEN#: EbCw-56 HEIGHT A.S.L: 3 meters above storm beach LAT/LONG: 50° 13.340N 63° 44.352W

MAP REF: 12 L/4

CULTURE: Amerindian? (historic period)

DATING: 2-300 years old?

SITE TYPE: rectangular tent rings

LOCATION: Right out on gravel/ cobble bar at the tip of Cape Seche on northeast corner of the lie a Niapiskau. It is an old structure of beach cobbles and blocks with wall rocks and internal structure.

DESCRIPTION: Large rectangular structure (S-l) with an internal hearth structure and other features. Exposed beach cobbles, no surface vegetation except for a clump of brush. Some driftwood logs have washed in. The dimensions of the larger and clearest structure south of the vegetation dump is more or less 8x4 m. size with (possibly) two side rooms and a central (east) side entrance. The internal structure is not very clear except for the circular hearth. Lots of jumbled rocks here. No artifacts at all were noted among the rocks at the surface.

AREAL EXTENT: 10x5 for structure 1. A second possible structure may exist to north on the other side of a clump of vegetation. It’s covered with moss and brush.

RAW MATERIALS: NA

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: some barren, some covered. COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): nothing found SAMPLES TAKEN: nothing taken :* ~ $

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: This should be mapped carefully and excavated since it is one of the clearest of any structures we found during our survey of selected regions of the Mingan Islands.

REMARKS: We did not notice much ‘contaminated’ modern material. The site is not recent and cannot be very old because of the low elevation. There is a possible U shaped hearth and circular pavement hearth base. Some rocks se such a find, em to have been removed from the west wall; gaps in east wall may be doorways. It most closely resembles to me the 17 th century Init summer house foundations of Labrador. This structure looked at first like a 17 th century Labrador Inuit summer house, but its form was too deranged to be sure. After we continued our survey and found no other signs of Inuit anywhere along the LNS west of Vieux Fort it seemed unlikely that this could be

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : very poor polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 1-2 shots and video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak crew/ Fitzhugh DATE: 9 Aug. 2001

•

£

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BORDEN NO.

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SITE NAME — ^ ^ ^ V S-r^-trM- 4 ^ 4 ^.( -- C £*■/')(-. A 4 -^ L -l \-fe-~

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ARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)

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SITE NAME: lie Quarry

BORDEN #: EbCw-55

HEIGHT A.S.L: ca. 2 m

LAT/LONG: 50° 13.117N 63° 46.930W

MAP REF: 12 L/4

CULTURE: unknown

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Rock structure/ tent ring

SITE LOCATION: about 2 m above the storm beach behind first line of vegetation at the north end of an open gravel beach exposure, north of a small “pond” in the middle of the beach, and partially covered by vegetation.

DESCRIPTION: A probable hearth feature surrounded by a partial ring of flat slabs that had been carried up from the beach. Generally circular in shape. Some of the slabs, which are 15cm in diam., are covered with vegetation. No cultural material was found on the surface, but nearby was an accumulation of wood that seemed of recent origin, worked pieces etc.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 4-5 meters RAW MATERIALS:

NATURE OF SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: limestone beach and alder/ spruce vegetation

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: possible ~ %

REMARKS: don’t expect spectacular finds!

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: yes

SURVEYED BY: W. Fitzhugh /Lynne Fitzhugh DATE: 6 Aug. 2001

HEIGHT A.S.L. Cm b ({ 5 /

" C ^ c , 10

MILITARY GRID REF. /, £ i 1 *fJ 7 &3 N ^ jC- ■'/> F>g—r

MAP REF. Z' 2 - V^

CULTURE CAiiUciVlm'}

TENTATIVE DATING

9

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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SITE NAME: Pointe a l’Enclume, lie du Havre-2

BORDEN #: none assigned

HEIGHT A.S.L.: at shore

LAT/LONG: 50° 13.664N 63° 39.085W

MAP REF: 12 L/4

CULTURE: unknown

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Rock alignment (possibly house wall)

LOCATION: in base of small cove to the south of the point at the edge of the forest cover

DESCRIPTION: Alignment of rocks with several large (50-100 cm) heavy narrow rocks making a wall about 8m. long No “side” or front wall seen, and it’s possible this is an ice or storm surge deposit, but seems unlikely. No cultural materials were noted on the

gravel surface.

AREAL EXTENT: 10m.

VEGETATION: Barren beach gravel COLLECTION: Nothing collected SAMPLES: None POTENTIAL: Unlikely

REMARKS: We did not have time to check in the bush behind the wall to see if the structure extended in that direction, but it appeared that there were many storm thrown rocks that were definitely non-cultural.

PHOTOS: polaroid; 35mm color

SURVEYED BY: W.Fitzhugh and Pitsiulak crew ~ ^

DATE: 9 Aug. 2001

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SITE NAME: Pointe a l’Enclume, lie du Havre-2

BORDEN #: none assigned

HEIGHT A.S.L.: at shore

LAT/LONG: 50° 13.664N 63° 39.085W

MAP REF: 12 L/4

CULTURE: unknown

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Rock alignment (possibly house wall)

LOCATION: in base of small cove to the south of the point at the edge of the forest cover

DESCRIPTION: Alignment of rocks with several large (50-100 cm) heavy narrow rocks making a wall about 8m. long No “side” or front wall seen, and it’s possible this is an ice or storm surge deposit, but seems unlikely. No cultural materials were noted on the

gravel surface.

AREAL EXTENT: 10m.

VEGETATION: Barren beach gravel COLLECTION: Nothing collected SAMPLES: None POTENTIAL: Unlikely

REMARKS: We did not have time to check in the bush behind the wall to see if the structure extended in that direction, but it appeared that there were many storm thrown rocks that were definitely non-cultural.

PHOTOS: polaroid; 35mm color

SURVEYED BY: W.Fitzhugh and Pitsiulak crew ^

DATE: 9 Aug. 2001

£

SITE NAME 1 HEIGHT A.S.L. j

C ( H"/^ cl ,4. (i£ / <_ ,u l~lavc<2

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BORDEN NO.

CULTURE

MILITARY GRID REF. p<9 qj N £f> 3 3 c i.&<^T no jf

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TENTATIVE DATING 01

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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DESCRIPTION OF SITE

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_LECTIO.\ PROCEDURE (S ) A ^jl l} Hdj d$({ j C H c '

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"PLES TAKEN'

FELTIAL For FURTHER :uORK (// OF SQUARES,

JO >/ ‘ s' Z) c*; ; Hi

DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?)

2

——---

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topography, site exposure and orientation) --

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COLOR SLIDES Yl @‘7 ~5 9

'EYED BY ^ 7 5 ( S ^1 'T^M ((L</\ 'kau,\ - DATE 9 , 7a?(

ftuU

\

SITE NAME: Pointe de Chasse, lie du Havre BORDEN #: none HEIGHT A.S.L.: just above sea level LAT/LONG: 50° 13.644N 63 39.085W°

MAP REF: 12 L/4 CULTURE: unknown DATING: unknown SITE TYPE: rock alignment

LOCATION: at the very tip of the point, buried partly in black berry ( Empetrum ) at the

upper side of the storm beach. At south end of Cape du Ouest, NW corner of Grand Anse.

DESCRIPTION: This alignment of 10-15 rocks does not seem to have been produced by wave throw. No other cultural materials were noted. Possibly this is not a site, but the presence of this alignment is suspicious because no other such rocks we found.

AREAL EXTENT: 15-20 meters VEGETATION: Empetrum migrurn SAMPLES: nothing taken POTENTIAL: probably not REMARKS: NA

PHOTOS: polaroid; color 35mm.

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 9 Aug. 2001

BORDEN NO.

6M

SITE NAME L \~V.w^ ^ C l ~£\ji (\ f s (^( 4 .

HEIGHT A.S.L. Jj, tiL they a ^eC\ MILITARY GRID REF. 3 0 / 3 «

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CULTURE (Swlt'lsxcco*

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TENTATIVE DATING UAxkUCiv *\

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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DESCRIPTION CF SITE Aj((fa ^ fQ'f^

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE ^

RAW MATERIALS -

NATURE OF SOILS/SEDIfl£ NTS/VEGETATION COVER rtltfVqfn

rPLES TAKEN

H ^ t- f-g t, t ~iJ

TEMIAL FlR FURTHER '.CORK (if OF SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?) __

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F.ARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation) __

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WHITE Py U \rC>(£

COLOR SLIDES

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DATE

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SITE NAME: lie aux Sauvages (“Moose Farm”)

BORDEN #: none assigned HEIGHT A.S.L.: 30-40’ (not measured)

LAT/LONG: 50° I2.062N 63° 11.977W MAP REF: 12 L/3

CULTURE: unknown- it may not be a cultural site DATING: unknown SITE TYPE: Is it a site?

SITE LOCATION: Top of the limestone strata on lie aux Sauvages SW end of He a la Chasse; on the northern peninsula of this island, in a broad clearing in the forest at the top of the island.

DESCRIPTION: Valerie Boudreault and I followed a game (moose) trail from the west shore of the peninsula to the top of the island and surprised a moose grazing on the luxuriant stand of raspberries, cow parsnips, grass and other ‘human’ impact vegetation at the top of this peninsula. The area of the clearing is about 100x50 meters, surrounded by forest and sloping slightly down to the south. It’s hard to see how this clearing and vegetation could occur naturally. The soil in the 5-6 test pits I dug was about 20-30 cm deep, black earth upon a limestone bedrock and of high garden quality. But it contained no cultural material that I could find.

AREAL EXTENT: 100x50m.

RAW MATERIALS: nothing

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: garden weeds and rich black soils over a limestone bedrock. This soil type reminded n;e of the soil at Phillips Garden East at Port au Choix.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): several test pits excavated SAMPLES TAKEN: nothing found

POTENTIAL: very curious site. Perhaps it is just a recent garden site. But if so, where is their dwelling? We did not have time to survey the northern or eastern shores of the peninsula.

REMARKS: Perhaps there is a dwelling site somewhere on the peninsula- especially on or near the low beach neck to the north. We did not have a chance to test pit any other locations, although we walked the region of the low isthmus and parts of the northern peninsula shore. There is a big resident moose in this area!

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 35mm, video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 11 Aug. 2001

■

HEIGHT A.S.L. Lf L lU tftT ) MILITARY GRID REF. [2,0^2 qj N frV<f, *77 7 HO E

MAP REF. |2 ^/3 _

CULTURE U^U/lCU,'A~ <f (M6>j UpT" _

i.Fuv '2j^1

TENTATIVE DATING

9

SITE TYPE/SEASDNALITY

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SITE LOCATION ^ feu' ( 1 ^Hi 5fe<^\£'

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE ///ftf) V

RAW MATERIALS EL

7

NATURE OF SOILS/SEDIME NTS/VE GET ATHDN COVER ^^CX^dfi] [jU<74't{ $ 7Co\J /^/c4 ft 7 4

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IFARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation) -—

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UR7EYED BY

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SITE NAME: lie St. Charles West BORDEN #:

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 5-10 m. (not measured)

LAT/LONG: 50° 12.296N, 63° 21.255W MAP REF: 12 L/3 CULTURE: unknown DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: rock structure of unknown purpose

LOCATION: West side of lie St. Charles about 500m. north of the Barachois Pechu inlet. Situated on exposed gravel beaches north of the spruce vegetation, and about 20-30 meters from the cliff coast.

DESCRIPTION: Scattered arrangement of non-limestone) rocks - (hard granites etc.) partly buried in the limestone gravel amidst patches of mosses and berries. No other ‘hard’ stones were found elsewhere on this exposed limestone bench.

AREAL EXTENT: 30x40 meters with a single cluster shown here RAW MATERIALS:

NATURE OF SOILS / VEGETATION COVER: barren limestone gravel with patches of vegetation.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): nothing found SAMPLES TAKEN: nothing collected

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: This site could be excavated. Some of the structure rocks are buried deeply. There may be artifacts also buried, although none were found on the surface. * ~ **

REMARKS: This site is not obvious in terms of structures or function. Presumably there are some dwellings involved, but there are no other material remains, at least on the surface. Something happened here- but what?

PHOTOS: polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: one 35mm, and video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 11 Aug. 2001

£

BORDEN NO.

SITE NAME - ^ 6^' T __

HEIGHT A.S.L. h ~ 1 0 IQ 1 (^ ^ ^ MILITARY GRID REF. 3 / > £ ■ 1*ib N ^ OS-E k

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MAP REF.

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TENTATIVE DATING LUik^/gi-CK

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DESCRIPTION OF SITE

Table caption

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SITE NAME: He a la Chasse, Baie de Puyjalon

BORDEN#: EbCs-17

HEIGHT A.S.L.: at shore

LAT/LONG: 50° 12.460N 63° 08.438W

MAP REF: 12 L/3

CULTURE: unknown

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: cobble rock feature- possible tent/ hearth site

LOCATION: 10 meters from corner of tidal pond and about 50 m. north of Henri

Puyjalon’s grave.

DESCRIPTION: 3-4 meter diameter ring of granite and other hard rock cobbles visible at edge of forest vegetation. Test pits were excavated in the “center” of the feature but no charcoal or cultural material was found. We could only spend 30 minutes at this area and had little time to check within the forested areas, but I did look a bit around the point to the west of the inlet, opposite the P. grave, and in the forest there, hoping to see some sign of Puyjalon’s house. No luck.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: a few meters

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: berries/ moss/ shrubs COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): shovel test did not show any cultural signs.

SAMPLES TAKEN: none POTENTIAL; not much likely potential

REMARKS: According to Charles Kavanagh, Puyjalon lived here but his home site has not been located. As the first scientist after Captain Cook (?), who explored at least some of these shores, it would be important to locate |nd excavate Puyjalon’s house and interpret his accomplishments - this could be a key objective of future work aimed at new studies of this region.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: no

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh

DATE: 12 Aug. 2001

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DATE

SITE NAME: Petite He Sainte-Genevieve

BORDEN#: EbCs-16

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 8 feet

LAT/LONG: 50° I4.960N 63° 05.345W

MAP REF: 12 L/6

CULTURE: unknown

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Partly excavated beach shingle with slab pavement

LOCATION: west end of the cobble/slab beach at south west side of Petite lie Ste.

Genevieve (former lie Ancre).

DESCRIPTION: The inner (uphill) side of the upper storm beach had been dug out by the builders and some small slabs were placed on the inside of the excavated area, and others on the shore side of the feature. Possibly this is a duck blind, but it is not in a good place for shooting. Lichen covering indicates a fair antiquity- at least its not a modern feature. No cultural material was found on the surface.

AREAL EXTENT: a few meters

RAW MATERIALS: NA VEGETATION COVER: Barren beach COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S) : none SAMPLES TAKEN: none POTENTIAL: not much!

REMARKS: Given the excellent deep water approach it is strange this beach area and that across the straight on He Sainte-Genevieve (grande) did not have more archaeological material. We found two small post foundations and a slatb rock hearth base near the beach point but no other disturbances on the beach and brief checks in the level areas in the forested regions nearby did not show cultural evidence. There are some suggestions that Basques may have been here - rumors of tiles found here or on the mainland shore opposite, but we saw no such sign on the beach areas of the Ste. Gen. Strait, which look like they would be ideal Basque site areas- islands with both protection and deep water. On the other hand, there is no good boat harbor here and the strait is exposed to the south/SW.

PHOTOS: polaroid

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh

DATE: 12 Aug. 2001

'LIE

;T1UTu PROCEDURE (S) _£ ixTh)

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SITE NAME: He Sainte-Genevieve (Grande)

BORDEN #: EbCs-18 HEIGHT A.S.L: est. 5-6 m.

LAT/LONG: 50° 15.417N 63° 04.310W

MAP REF: 12L/6

CULTURE: unknown

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: slab rock feature

SITE LOCATION: upper exposed beach terrace at NE end of the lie Ste. Gen. strait. Located in an area of beach gravel about 200 meters SW of the NE end of beach.

DESCRIPTION: About 8-10 slab rocks arranged in a duster with no comparable natural occurrence elsewhere on the beach, thus there must be culture placement. But whether this represents a tent site, a hearth or some other feature is not dear. No cultural material associated. There are supposed to be tiles somewhere on Ste. Gen. Is. according to a report of someone to Roger Barrieult of Havre St. Pierre, but we found no trace on either of the islands.

AREAL EXTENT: 5 meters diam.

RAW MATERIALS: slab rocks

NATURE OF SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: barren gravel beach COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: probably not

REMARKS: See remarks for Petite He Ste. Genevieve surtey. We walked along he entire beach for the NE point to just north of where Pablo Somcynski found EbCs-11 and saw no rock features of any significance. Seems strange since this is a very approachable location. There is fairly good exposure on the beach gravels.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES:

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 12 Aug. 2001

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RVEYED BY

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DATE

SITE NAME: Natashquan (whalebone site)

BORDEN #: none assigned HEIGHT A.S.L.: 200 ft a.sl.

LAT/LONG: 50° 16.815N 61° 48.352W MAP REF: 12 K/5 CULTURE: geological DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Beached (or sunken?) whale

LOCATION: The sandy blowout where these bones have been found is about 6.5 miles north of Natashquan town, to the east of gravel road. A car track runs east from the native camp used for Innu Passion festival campsite, east along the moraine spur. The blowout is just south of the sand ridge from where the highest terraced end of the moraine spur ends and dips.

DESCRIPTION: I was taken to site by Jean-Claude Landry, a local fisherman who lives here in summer and in Sept. Isles in the winter. He had some bone chunks (gave me one to date) and took Rene Levesque and I to see the site. In the bottom of the blowout we found more bone remains buried in the sand, but I left them in situ. No large bones showing on surface, just small white chips, but larger chunks were just below the surfaces, around a small spruce seedling.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 10 ft. diam.

RAW MATERIALS:

VEGETATION COVER: sand, moss COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S):

SAMPLES TAKEN: one fist-sized chunk of bone POTENTIAL: more bones could be found h^ere ~ ^

REMARKS: Elevation is not certain because my GPS did not seem reliable here. It read 225’ a.s.l., but on returning to sea level it read 63 ft. However, the plotted location puts the site at about the 200-220 foot contour, between the high moraine and the lakes south of the site. This site should assist in developing an uplift curve for this locality.

Jean-Claude and Jocellynn Landry P.O. Box 39 Natashquan GOG 2EO, Quebec

Summer 418-726-3370 Winter 418-962-1510

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: 35mm shot taken to south over site from top of a moraine,

(video also)

SURVEYED BY: Fitzhugh, R. Levesque, Jean-Claude Landry DATE: 13 Aug. 2001

*

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SITE NAME: Stubbert Cache BORDEN #: EbCh-1 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 8 ft ?

LAT/LONG: 50° 10.54N 61° 15.55W MAP REF: 12 k/3 CULTURE: Intermediate Indian DATING: 3000-3500 B.P. (?)

SITE TYPE: cache

LOCATION: South of the main road leading out of the Kegashka wharf, behind the house

of Hughie Stubbert.

DESCRIPTION: This is a well-known cache of Ramah chert bifaces that was recovered by Hughie Stubbert while digging near his house “about 30-35 years ago.” This remarkable cache contains 26 artifacts, 25 of which are semi-finished Ramah bifaces, and a single schist grindstone. None of the implements is in the form of a completed tool, and only one had any hafting modification (a unilateral broad corner notch), although all had been carefully manufactured and were well-thinned, ready for fashioning into points or knives or scrapers. Some specimens had highly polished arises. The largest blank is nearly 35 cm long, and a large number of specimens are in the 20 cm long range. Most have flat bases with slightly out-flaring edges, and several have rounded scraper edges prepared at the bases of these blades, with considerable rounding use-wear evident. At first impression the form of the blades and presence of large scraper edges suggested to me that the cache should date to the period ca. 3000-3500 B.P, but the low elevation and the similarity of this cache to bifaces found in the northern straits region of southern Labrador suggests a Late Indian period. Mr. Stubbert pointed out that the cache occurred as a single dense cluster with blades stacked crib-like in layers,.two or thrjee blades per layer, with each layer at right angles to the layer below. Other than the schist grindstone, the entire cache was composed of Ramah chert, and all specimens were completely free of damage or breakage.

SITE EXTENT: A spot find

RAW MATERIALS: Ramah chert, schist

VEGETATION: grass, scrub, peat

PROCEDURE(S): I photographed the collection and video-taped Hughie Stubbert SAMPLES: none taken

POTENTIAL: some testing should be done in the vicinity of the find

REMARKS: Mr. Stubbert appreciates the value of this collection and is keeping it carefully. It’s well-known around town. I urged him to think of donating it to the Quebec Gov’t at some time in the future, to preserve it for the future. He was quite specific about how the materials were found, a meter or so deep, stacked up like a log crib.

PHOTOS: 35mm slides, video tape and stills SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 14 Aug. 2001

*

SITE NAME: Kegashka (boat ramp)

BORDEN #: none assigned HEIGHT A.S.L.: at shore LAT/LONG: 50° 10.899N 61° 6.325 W MAP REF.: 12 k/3 CULTURE:

DATING: modern

SITE TYPE: At first we thought this might be a possible Inuit winter village site, but

because of the earthworks, but local informants identified it as a modern ship hauling site.

SITE LOCATION: on small cove about 200 m. south of Kegashka Harbor bridge on west side of Kegashka Island. A possible tent ring was also located out near the southwestern point at: 50° 10.615N 61° 16.538W.

DESCRIPTION: We revisited this location on 14 August and tested it extensively but found nothing but modern materials. Lester Foreman, whose house and former sawmill are nearby said this beach was used for hauling boats out, hence the mounds and disturbances noted.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE:

RAW MATERIALS:

VEGETATION COVER: Beach grass, cow parsnips, raspberries COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): 6 test pits SAMPLES TAKEN: only modern materials found POTENTIAL: none ^

REMARKS: none

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES:

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 14 Aug. 2001

£

-4

SITE NAME Fi

HEIGHT A.S.L. ftT $ her*

Table caption

CULTURE

BORDEN NO.

Aj

MILITARY GRID REF. ?y(f \d ^ N L? i fa* ^5^0 ^

MAP REF. 1 ^ /3

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SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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DESCRIPTION OF SITE & 1 I & - b 3 If

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NATURE OF S 01L S/S ED IME NT S/VE GET AT I ON COVER

A\ Q^/t\# COV) pA/XH'^

-A

apples takev

GTE MI AL FUR FURTHER IvORK (// OF SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?)

EFARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation) ------

JRVEYED

COLOR SLIDES

DATE

SITE NAME: “Hudson’s Bay Company Island” - Kegashka River BORDEN#:

HEIGHT A.S.L.:

LAT/LONG: 10.85N 61°22.2W MAP REF.: L2 K/3 CULTURE: Euro-American DATING:

SITE TYPE: Trading post

SITE LOCATION: This HBC site is said by Lester Foreman to have been on the island below the First rapids/ falls on the Kegashka River, the island with a stand of spruce trees.

DESCRIPTION: We visited the island with the assistance of Lester’s grandson-in-law who had never been there before. Lester seemed sure the post was on the island, but recalls seeing it grown over. He is 86 years old today. We hunted all over and could not find a trace of the post. There is an old telegraph wire across the island that might date to the post, but it could be before or later. Numerous small 50cm test pits were dug in the more or less flat area in the middle of the trees at the center of the island, but no sign was detected.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: the forested part of the island is about 100 meters across.

RAW MATERIALS:

VEGETATION COVER: The southern part of the island is marsh, the rest is thickly covered with spruce.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: Some^historicaTcIocumentation would help a future search.

REMARKS: It’s hard to see how there could be so little evidence of a post if this is the correct location. There is not even any sign of tie-up bolts etc. in the rocks along the shore. Above this island, where the hydro lines run across the river, numerous Amerindian sites have been found, just below the rapids on an elevated promontory on both sides of the river. The Kegashka River mouth is an excellent salmon fishing and small boat refuge, up to Viking size!

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : no COLOR SLIDES: no

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 15 Aug. 2001

SITE NAME HEIGHT A.S.L

BORDEN HO.

ji/ <r~

-•, _. 4 U

MILITARY GRID REF. V -C (6 • VU 00 N <f ( X j-Z _00 E

MAP REF. ( £ VC j'3 _____

CULTURE C\w\£ F ‘c Cjn

TENTATIVE DATING

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

Pc?sf

SITC LOCATION

TV t, s H 75 C 6 ^* fi {jij L(^{ f<r ^ h tLi/(

0 l\ Tu ^Uu/J la£bV> HiS Iml A 4 jQ*Lffat\s Gn TU* ^uyr.

'+Lfi / UauJ tvJ *^ ^ StgnA | Z/^i.cc fc, , ___

DESCRIPTION CF SITE

VJl Lr(*i ' led VLcS ( %( Aoj r TZo?

^ ^ a dspcn - (o\ [gad Tjlxj) (\ aaK never b£c^\ ^ c{a f x

Ljj^kr V^eci^J 3 -u/y 7 W [Josf~ <Dt\ tu* r^(u ^J Aut.AT£^i(lf_

r ’

®(/\itj -g / €u /ij >/ A/r '"••&> ■ £{? yo^r% ctiS Vydo u *_

ksg I uamUcT AC f Cf MV' ild( (^{frwcl (Xv^ CScllA hfj AHf) iYac *

jtu ^anVf , TUt/rl (i ^ 4 eU fjftl/o h iv a/ f C \c \ro f $ T^tr /p

^ t\Ci-U 4" p vs ly l] ul /V £#u(c( kn 4 -i/aV r* 0^ _

y(fivif^ * A u ^ $^<aCf f Q- _ /c5^ p)j; i/ i\

0 <s' 6 /V .Of !*?*>* -f/'&f rUz ^{cfcCQ ( j/ T^L f -f vee*? *t [T?

.C ? ^^yitir hTVt h2> 6 ( '^ •■ ___

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE 7?^ ig^ c M c ( U rf _cj ypC/ K' k iU C{ (•/ d\pci\t ^0 i HAtI 1 ')'

RAM MATERIALS ^fO'C^S TL^' (D i/y^rf l S ^VvRm/

NATURE OF SOI LS/SED I ME NTS/l'E GET AT 1 ON COVER C^F

A:'FEES TAKE f\‘

'W- /"Z't l

OTE.ETIAl EuR FUR T ME A UORK (,/ OF SQUARES, DEPTH CF DEPUSIT ?)____

_ St 4 xV^//C i C i^id Cc^t\s'J^L\ f-£t ho P\ LUj $ C C ./sf Cu. [jo i/y & flt/\£ ‘>4 ^u/ cLx

:Ef ARKS ( i. luding p rohistoric geography , topography, site oxpoouco and orientation)

J/^y L\fa Stl lj} Gc ? (\^ i0 £&u.tr( 4h &\A £e-L\tc

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9 , / * .o ‘ Vs

fal lu_ihi ^ y^g/T gn ^-i &lwi4tA pv'tiMfittUrcj <?v\ k<2lb si/ac / 1 tij >i*yjsL •_

-4

COLOR SLIDES 4 Lfy

SURVEYED BY

'Pi-kiuiM- / F^ ddl

OATE A^ . / </- I

SITE NAME: La Romaine Beach BORDEN #: none assigned HEIGHT A.S.L.: sea level LAT/LONG: 12.706N 60° 42.308W

MAP REF: 12 K/2 CULTURE: European objects DATING: 19 ,h century SITE TYPE: unknown

SITE LOCATION: At the southwest corner of the La Romaine beach below the first house built at this location and just north of the ledge which borders the beach.

DESCRIPTION: A considerable amount of ceramics, glass and other materials were found in the sand in the intertidal zone. This material seems to be eroding from the bank which is covered with a thick growth of “midden” vegetation, too tall to allow one to get an idea of the ground’s surface. But this area is a prime location for a sheltered boat landing and may have been an early post or other site. The banks and terrace south of the house here might have some interesting sites.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 20-30 meters

RAW MATERIALS: European ceramics

VEGETATION COVER: midden or eroded material on beach

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): small surface collection of some representative ceramics and glass

SAMPLES TAKEN: yes

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: the bank should be checked here REMARKS: none

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : Polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 35mm

SURVEYED BY: W. Fitzhugh DATE: 2 Aug. 2001

• ^

HEIGHT A.S.L. AT 5.^ ( MILITARY GRID REF. iT 70 Ud*Tn 4>&°ij2. 32^ gg-g. u |

MAP REF. <’T If /2. _

CULTURE 6> h / €t(t _ TENTATIVE DATING 1 °1 "A** *

SITE type/seasonality

SITE LOCATION

-r t^U 0 (! j'lui La /^a(tna,^T.

6<T t ^ fZsj first ■ hottest hjidf- c\j This (j c a hcM £*±Jl

u^v fo. 2) f t&uz JiDk'tob ho fdj;xK j\^ LtacU '

DESCRIPTION CF SITE A g _£ (M(ci^Tg^l'f (j CTiAtC't/lCCS .

Ivi^i^rcrJs Y^-f Sou.i(jl i ly 7/ ^2hfY~'ffcXi'J Tj& TT ■ 7^/<; i^xCfjpirdtfJs dMejjj Qfj Tv.Ocidic l{r/?/tA h*\uik

€ .o{ftffTell

R-MTYt "ttvjdL jT/7a)f^-x of t/TqcUff7&h J t&d "fa alt did

j~€> 6 T^\ idf£A Iff (jr^tet/ijf' 6 Tt'lvfzKC * '~TTj

IT A prwv ,<l )f /ifi "tUf loTcf IdCX’hcCi FT iaT x/C

■T (T L ^cl IMCi xi ha. k/£ ^TTn <^tn @ CJ'U^ pe c /~ <

^t4 r ^TV

AT'h^ r ■T (T l <-A CM Ci£\ lf\ a_TI <£T n ^ O^rUj f>

N ) ^iUvyAC T f "Sh C

ki k

maUw i

[Aa l j MT T1 aO frU

v«€a; AJt?r' ^ at $l0 tdcj^ D) h^acL 1

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE ^ qMl RAW MATERIALS £ -- 4 ^V^>(?^fry* j/lj(C £

NATURE OF SOIIS/SEDIMENTS/VECETATION COVER

WAsi/idf(A for tfrtClfcJ m.&krwf

&A. ioa£A

LLECT10.N PROCEDURE (S) $ c h Cti{ cl C'^< CJ C Oft*? < h( FA f) 1 £ U ; hc/? u £

(* erw\,L(C <» fc^XC'i <

rPLES TAKEN’

L^

iTEMIAL FuR FURTHER IuORK (;/ C F SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?) _

"/7t-f L A.6 t (- L ^djc</< /U: ( fevj l'! l^jX^cU ^>l\<t‘U/d C.iLCc^jtf

MARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)

fL CtsP Ci/tCLuly cl\ChCQ. Hcrt/^LVvt^tT Cl ki tUf <^Cj)

he (a. h h \tt?K Lj? tyXetfk 77 a£ /\o ok „ Quj~c n^> , ~7 'L'-uj L <Z . P

/O67(f ^UTU^lJ- <T^r serf —> 'Tltu?

^ia.^U| lu> luff 4/<;/ O/irjtai u\ ^f'Uj Ug 'f^oii\cuia

Lr £ "kA /j Tla £u p cetit p^T. ~T2 up ^ei/Vsic*" l-i/m

I 0 - ( tT ffef &S°w9 Czo\ (fvt{ j J ^tW 47 J)- 7~/~

/pf£g ti^Lj)

QTCS: BLACK AND WHITE COLOR SLIDES

/^cP^dcJ

?

.f/HuA

RVEYED BY 7^ )/l) Q V f ^

DATE

Z z^oo /

SITE NAME: He du Lac (Cape Wittle Island)

BORDEN #: EbCa-1 HEIGHT A.S.L: 4 meters a.s.l.

LAT/LONG: 50° I1.4I5N 60° 03.730W MAP REF: 12 K/l and J/4 CULTURE: unknown DATING: last few hundred years SITE TYPE: Rock cache (or house pit?)

SITE LOCATION: First point north of the entry passage between lie du Lac and He du Quapitagone. On narrows between the islands.

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: 4 meter diameter boulder pit with low walls and vegetated interior. Obviously an old feature. Most likely a seal meat cache, but possibly an impromptu house pit. This outer island location and lack of other evidence from our survey here of settlement sites suggests a seal cache is more likely.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: Ten square meters RAW MATERIALS: NA

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: tundra COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none POTENTIAL: of limited interest if a meat cache.

REMARKS: Low enough to be of historic age. Not culturally diagnostic, at least as a surface structure. We surveyed across the eastern end of He du Lac and found nothing but overripe bake-apples. Our trenching shovel died and wy were not able to do any subsurface testing; but no surface indications*existed foHsites. The islands seem devoid of Inuit sites, which should be here if they lived in this region.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : Polaroid COLOR SLIDES: no

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 15 Aug. 2001

HEIGHT A.S.L.

r^- <-> — • O

U/wV<TS ^9/ MILITARY GRID REE. '"fo (( 00 N (tO 0'$- 7 m

CULTURE

LL^r. (^c-'-O UJXs.

MAP REF TENTATIVE DATING

ft k/ ( -t J/f

bouicLucA

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

a ck P t<ci{ 4 e houSd.

SITE. LOCATION p^(nj~ +1 Piffle j) /£^> -Lii'Ltrtj j/j

1 Xjl Uc\ Lu^ dl Q\a ncpr^oio^ ipjrkx.

fO m

D

ASCRIPTION OF SITE V ^^Ter ol/] Ci^jM c~ to O uA(itr pi{ bv (t U /(Xl v 0\Jci(f ^ ! _ CLp^J icd-tcl ~~ 0 ^ ^iOubCtj £i i\ _

.a ,.

I / v 7 —

^vGQuu p\~\* 7~£u ? cnhr~ Ill^Cuc^ /tj (.&&c r\ Cl^\t( /(K c U- Jj £>JU

/

<£v ^ oA Cove mo /tlceh'

y

AREAL EXTENT OE SITE RAIJ MATERIALS

\ r l cs r a ke p_

PTE NT IAL f ; R FUR THER WURK (,/ OF SQUARES, DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ?)

_ dj c \ _t~_ , ■£ a. ^F u. 6(7 Cjft£.hjL

UiARKS ( ).luding prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure and orientation)

L&vj 01 v ^U U 4? 0^ ilL^-hra <L , K- sO^ Cll ((-til g IL

, in ___

r

^ <-tvwLj^ c-i acv y <;5 7 ^ / ^cL^e\n x ctxJ /j JU otu Lq c 0 ^ $ _

fto IVH^' kllT^lh U^ O tf 0 t/ W-r^a--^ fa (C-tCi/Ip l £*> ,>' Q U ^ 'be-C ^CUFvC^ t) sLsfJ— L mm MSJj r nJV As h fa o(c) faiiu $ 6 't4 J urft\ rc

Scft’i ■

Ik dK?:. tsfahclj

Tj4^llL tclufU SL &u(cft

K ift c rfAc y / (c/fw _

^ <H^lA^()ir€Uit

fW

ftCX^ OK ft

IAV

PHOTC -S: BLACK AND WHITE

COLOR SLIDES _

SURVEYED BY Y *7) c tr f <2 4 J f ^ zK'Hj

k

h

DATE /k /l-u^f,r r LD& f

SITE NAME: Baie du Nord, Watagheistic Strait Survey

SITE LOCATION: Surveyed southern and west end of Baie du Nord in western Watagheistic Detroit. No cultural evidence. Same result for the small point on the Watagheistic Island.

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: We saw many mice and many carnivorous plants here!

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: not much

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 16 Aug. 2001

SITE NAME Uu k cf ~ BORDEN NO. - ' ___

HE ICHT A-S.L.__ MILITARY GRID REF ._0 0 N ___n_0 E

MAP REE.

CULTURE TENTATIVE DATING

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

Li.tcnu:; PROCEDURE(S)

M'PLf.S TAKt'V

.1 t\

R FURTHER WORK (,/ OF SQUARES,

DEPTH CF DEPOSIT ?)

-- ~

- ludinij p rehistoric cjcogrophy,

topngrephy, site exposuro end orientation) -

.

—

. ^

P HOTO S: BLACK AND WHITE COLOR SLIDES

SURVEYED BY

DATE

SITE NAME: Pointe Sealnet-1 BORDEN #: EcBw-1 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 4-5 meters LAT/LONG: 50° 20.233N 59° 48.672W

MAP REF: 12 J/ll CULTURE: Euro-Canadian DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: L-l sealing station; L-2 camp/ lookout?

LOCATION: L-2 camp/lookout? On peninsula 550m south of Pointe Sealnet, in grassy

ground cover between a small pond and a shallow protected cove.

DESCRIPTION: This is an excellent settlement area at a fine harp sealing location. We were attracted to the area by the name and the possibility of finding Inuit camps since this would have been an excellent sealing location. There is much 20 ,h and some 19 ,h century material here scattered over a wide area of this beach terrace, and in the landwash. A large cement house foundation is the latest major and most prominent occupation.

EXTENT: 150x150 meters

VEGETATION: High grass, raspberries etc.; disturbed vegetation with major enrichment.

There are wet deposits here.

PROCEDURE(S): 50x50 cm test pit

SAMPLES: glass, whalebone sled runner (4cm wide), wood

POTENTIAL: excellent for sealing station in European time and maybe earlier

REMARKS: We dug a 50x50 cm test pit about 30 meters west of the SW corner of the concrete foundation in depression in the tall grass that seemed as if it might be a house pit. The test pit produced large amounts of wood, sawcMst etc. in the upper 50 cm., including a barrel hoop of iron (not collected and left in situ). Toward the bottom about 60-70cm down and just above bedrock, we found a whalebone sled runner fragment, glass and seal jaw bone. The sled runner was most intriguing considering the question of Inuit presence or influence on the LNS. This could be an Inuit specimen, but it did not have the countersunk holes and seems more likely to be a European adoption, (note Charest article on sealing). A considerable project could be done here on the sealing industry over a couple hundred years, ending in the 20 th century. Inuit and Groswater sites may be found mixed with the European materials in this area of the site.

PHOTOS: polaroid; 35mm color SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 16 Aug. 2001

■'

_

* -v

HEIGHT A.S.L.

CULTURE

MILITARY GRID RET MAP REF.

^ TENTATIVE DATING

C®* z£s a^fto n a 7 / ph^c

C^i

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

Id

<A

TE^ LOCATION <2AUU^

(_'9 1* b^l/VT WlfCp ^

Tibi/iU Sg^Wt ; (yf'dmd

£<p\r?f bcAwpi\ P

i W (A jW#U<>[eJ 6QC71 >

DESCRIPTION CF SITE

(A£w ^Kiv

^?c^[(eu| S(fTffeo</^Cijf O^T£f\ C£$ ^ (%\a1. P€g ( ft

u oOr(Pd (XAfxM^ijA (d Hcf ^ fcf 4

C^jjo^ /fit'wvj (u/{4 dim Qcv4c\* 7^€Ao2

^v\£ f (A\&{^\/L(d (/\fi^jj 6d&iU fyd &'JtcdX ufdi Atvig^ ? &wJ m _

f^ k^v\o{[A)C\d/\ - 4- 7 5 its fg-ksf _

^ajtf p ccup e^(/) , - 4 ^ ^ a? A Af fr>h a/ho ul < &

(pi^j <$j 7U <fLO jlc e focLinglair^ . O A *t\o(* K (jy _

fa -klf faxf $mW kz )C /V M * komfi'fc ^

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE /^ <* RAW MATERIALS

NATURE OF SOILS/SEDI MENTS/vECETAT1 ON COVER

/A^M /'^.y?U f ri<y ^ AAA//A(^zF Pfh ^W(jcr

pCicUi^tii

\f[6uj i=rU£ A^plTM.A

V.'PLES takeu

u

^\(2 ^ (^Lpk. ^i t tS/frk l ocfr i£ f)(&k rugged, u& £*k -A y ip 2>c- *< (< £ rf d?' /btiCit/ / \£<P~ 2ci\ (AJ itLt

UTEWIAL F; A FURTHER WURK (,/ OF SQUARES, DEPTH CF DEPQSIT ?) ___»

a^cAiecTT SoM'ui^i <o {zei fflh U \ 4icA t p^ujUc pPfii^y

Fi‘ARKS ( i.-'clurJing prehistoric geography, topngryphy, site exposuro ynd crientytiori)

' lLs> 2-erf prf fiv \ CtL<4C*J Xquy^H ‘imptinfo 2] tOPfjA^ rf/i.urfA t?[ e

_4l. ufp^L.h^£M r ~ JkJ&Mrli im p Sj.itrt^ (Jrfrf &j

JA A.

(rfrf<£?l(pc6c£

^SrA. ! k/t_'. H-. s An ): 2tp_ aA <rf_ b p_ (rfvJicv(A

^ lArfk rfA t heel McLt, Min Ifa 6 ^<1 ^ 14 ^ ; ^ <b<J

_ . _

M- .\£L&&tosM£ S'faJ iTuvw^r nw< t lnjT/(^un^ £m<si&irwj

j7rfJ? J- Wt t f pv-g^eisxl Zf sOui 74 a

Cw M 4 g ^ > mtrY~ 'SptfrjMtAj but htvt It# caui'dar.

J&rPUdbrf

^JaPSR^ '_ LiCua^ />£le$ (AQ r4 J4tft- ft£f€<2& r( U A\r ‘l/fJ

4 C&w£/d<? vchtH

ot C&uJ(k JaX Ac nJL A.

(J^^fcA. com# iSsItnc heap ftu? Serfih lArfit-x^ (rc-j fi A’df c\ Cp Ujj/£ U uorf^rf *j p><zu 5 " / rfi^i ‘f\p emrf 39

cjz 1

‘/ ti'vl Qv06^c7 / {er~ l/i<?( tA^uy Ue (^uu/ cu tfcc / \/?fUai^

ju

ftCrfT (? <Fv r

PHOTO S: BLACK ADD WHITE

COLOR SLIDES 3fa> *CO^v '

SURVEYED BY

~K -(S t C 4 - / \)

DATE

SITE NAME: Pointe Sealnet- 2 BORDEN #: EcBw-2

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 6-12 meters (measured)

LAT/LONG: 50° 20.188N 59° 48.739W

MAP REF: 12 J/ll CULTURE: Groswater (Dorset)

DATING: 2200 BP (est.)

SITE TYPE: uncertain

LOCATION: Peat blowout exposure above south cove at sealing site, on SW side of the

peninsula.

DESCRIPTION: Lynne Fitzhugh found a small amount of charred blubber in a peat blowout north of a low rock ledge and south of a spruce thicket, overlooking the southern cove. We dug four small test excavations into the south side of the exposure against the ledge, and Matthew Gallon found the base of a Groswater bifacial knife, and Lynne a chip- both of Port au Port-like chert. I dug a 50x50 test pit in north end of peat exposure to arms depth without any finds. Where is the site?

EXTENT: 10-20 meters?

RAW MATERIALS: Groswater Port aux Port chert VEGETATION: deep peat! blackberry SAMPLES: charcoal, biface and chip

POTENTIAL: excellent but will take some more site prospecting

REMARKS: We could not localize the site in this area, but it may still be in the blowout or just above the ledge; or in the flat vegetate^ ground^w of the pond to the east. At any rate there is a very good chance of finding a good GWD site here with some careful testing.

PHOTOS: polaroids; 35mm color SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 17 Aug. 2001

* -*'%

•: ■ .

■

('7 VM •£'
HOTc t>uj
SITE NAME ) g^UA<L\. _BORDEN MO.

C 3

HEIGHT A-S.L. & l^ VM MILITARY GRID REF. l£ 00 N ^ 1 ^.-7 3? f m^E

A-M

MAP REF.

<7-4/1

CULTURE
(yft ■A uO ('X)o {r 5et
TENTATIVE DATING 7 € E?Xr

V(^J >/M^

SITE type/seasonality.

UUACe^frC^I^

SI TEE LOCATION Uou-ictST

(}io C l/^ I'D ^\J(2

-- T __ __ rr-

<gJ~ Uv¥) 54 -j^

r \
a) "fco? pcA%it/iA>c^i(A,
IVf T t v

sESCRIPTIGN CF

SITE

7u7 ^tnpUT\t~ i) C(a^7vJ j faUtl^v^ 6u, fc&ut \a\b tt c ci t ~~~

<5 i aq^t{1\ J) ^ /ppT -iOL& x Ej Ol ftwcLuek <_

l/U^ TP' ^gli j/- %W£ e-KCA V&-i>£M<Z _
|gg§v _ ^io f b ji P Jju[Z-'\ \c Q ^ _ P^_ '0_>T
^pa /^/ fMfye. fixJb 1 AuJt^J Ckl Qo ca\aJ fyij? °) A (jxy'6 ^co/£t~jp f ~ fcpf&c inf ' f flMtj 4: - Ln,*)

w* “ A± ^1 Tfarf i h ir t, 1 Ct u*) ^ tT£)K | >
Iaa c/i wrfl') /) (^Cctj
AREAL EXTENT OF SITE iQ^'j E^OlA^ Pp £ O a l£(f h

^vTA^/i-fgr T^jAdLu thU

RAIJ MATERIALS

NATURE OF SOI LS/SEDI ME NTS/vECETAT 1 CM COVER ^ i^ltia^Tt

f

V,' FLEE I AKh

XP lAxo \rC*aQ , (q > T

OTEDTIAL F; R FURTHER X'URK (,/ OF SQUARES, DEPTH CF DEPOSIT ?)_ _ _

_ l' jJil _&j>uA& (nft $0< : ody'y 71 a J 5 A H\ AA /IvVA^ l oal A Mqj 5 / 7 ^

XEiARKS (ior.lurling prehistoric geography, topography, site oxposuro and orientation)

hy ( ia /V„_ b lut oiuf gMcwc flte /XA/ j &r -/ h FX Qa£ _

ghpvLuiA fs&nA y Je> I Cif 0

_ ('C^ 'Vmg ‘K <p£ep^ (T-RjY 5/X h<><r'4 > 40 A/O7

i 6 jr>lf-u ( y o t\£i.0ui IgCcut A /A> / ZL /

t*

£0

ra n X,

A

gA^

h looped

k C;

PHOTO S; BLACK ADD WHITE _

COLOR SLIDES

SURVEYED BY p^k t U {c£t

C'CA.C-VA.

J

ifoi pc -b*k£ fiWf

?-Ve AyyStfq f

DATE

SITE NAME: Cap Mackinon- So. Point of Petit Mecatina BORDEN #:

HEIGHT A.S.L:

LAT/LONG:

MAP REF: 12 J/ll CULTURE: NA DATING: NA SITE TYPE: NA

SITE LOCATION: I surveyed this exposed point at tip of Petit Mecatina and found boulder beaches and thick peat. No subsurface tests were made, and no obvious signs of boulder structures were seen.

DESCRIPTION: NA AREAL EXTENT:NA RAW MATERIALS: NA

VEGETATION COVER: Exposed boulders in lower elevations and peat vegetation in upper beaches. A good fresh water pond at the crest. Might be a great Groswater site location.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): NA SAMPLES TAKEN: NA POTENTIAL: NA

REMARKS: A wrecked small boat had been thrown up on the storm beach.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : none COLOR SLIDES: none

SURVEYED BY: W. Fitzhugh DATE: 17 Aug. 2001

SITE NAME ^ A 7 £-1 km C \a S*)' p L l^( Jj 7M)f - BORDEN NO. _ ~ _

HEIGHT A.S.L. __ MILITARY GRID REF._0 0 N __00 F

MAP REF. ______

CULTURE TENTATIVE DATING _

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

Table caption

site; location

1 /fc/Q )C|Or *jc<J f^ c iU[

' <aL ivn 2

) AWnk (\

il<?ca hvr\ r

*-t v | (/

U [U«T' f\h 64

^ />_

Table caption

JU^cld <y M J no fo^ovs ScjnJ he\AUt\s ^'bru c( uC^ c, v

description gf site

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE RAW MATERIALS

NATURE OF SQILS/SED1 MENTS/vECETAT1 ON COVER

election procedure( s)

FEES TAKEN

CTENHAL LOR FURTHER WORK (,/ OF SQUARES,

DEPTH CF DEPOSIT ?)

rC r ARKS (including prehistoric geography,

topography, site exposure) and orientation)

* •

PHOTO S: BLACK AND WHITE ____

COLOR SLIDES __

SURVEYED BY DATE

SITE NAME: Petit Mecatina-1 BORDEN#: EdBt-1 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 250 ft.

LAT/LONG: 50° 32.579N 59° 19528W

MAP REF: 12J/11 CULTURE: Maritime Archaic DATING: ca. 4000 BP?

SITE TYPE: cache pits and various boulders structures

LOCATION: In huge boulder field between the small cove and lake; widely scattered in

the upper flatter areas.

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: We surveyed the east shore of Havre de la Croix and found it full of fishing stages and old fallen cabins. From the hill we could see the large boulder fields and walked over, finding them to continue to the lake shore. Some small features were noted in the western side of the upper boulder field, but the largest number of pits, and perhaps a burial mound (Polaroid photo) with a large flat slab in its top was near the eastern end of the upper terrace where the outlet to the lake/ or bay existed. The mound was only 50 cm or so higher than the surrounding field, but was clearly cultural. Other features included what looked like cache pits. No longhouses were seen here.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: boulder features were seen over several hundreds of meters

RAW MATERIALS: no-boulders only

VEGETATION COVER: none. Most boulders were about the same size (head-sized) and rounded. Where they all originated from is an interesting question. Steven Young noted that there were clear signs of peat shrinkage fdrying up Jim the places it had formerly covered the rocks in the country south of the lake.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none

SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL: This mound may be a MA burial- or an unopened cache!

REMARKS: Finally we have found some evidence of Maritime Archaic activity (which is presumed at this site by the find of a longhouse on the neighboring beach to the south at about the same elevation).

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES:

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh

DATE: 17 Aug. 2001

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; HOTC 'S: BLACK AND WHITE_•

COLOR SLIDES __

iURVEYED BY DATE

SITE NAME: Petit Mecatina-2 BORDEN #: EdBt-2 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 40-45 ft. a.s.l.

LAT/LONG: 50° 32.579N 59° 19.528W MAP REF: 12J/I1

CULTURE: (Late?) Maritime Archaic DATING: 35-4500 B.P.

SITE TYPE: Longhouse, caches, and other features.

LOCATION: L-l On the highest beach ridge of the southern boulder beach cove immediately east of the head of Havre de la Croix’s inner end; L-2 is to about 100 meters east of the eastern edge of the boulder beach at the same level above sea level as LI and is found in a level area, covered with tundra vegetation, overlooking the outer coast beach. We “scratch-tested” a few locations and found some sandy soil- not just cobbles, so this should be a good area to prospect for sites in the future.

DESCRIPTION: We had only a few minutes to check this set of raised boulder beaches at the end of the day and quickly found the longhouse on the upper-most beach. At first we noticed several large cache pits, and then in the middle of the beach a 5-room structure 27.5 meters long and about 5 meters wide. The structure was clear due to the smaller cobbles that marked the floors of the rooms, which seemed to have been created by clearing out the larger upper beach rocks. The external walls were only slightly higher than the beach around it. The centers of the rooms had a raised ridge of cobbles running from front to back through the middle of the room, with a raised center that is likely the hearth area, in the middle of the room. No tools or debitage were noted, but we had hardly a minute to search the floors and did got removf any boulders to search for cultural materials.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: Several hundreds of square meters.

VEGETATION COVER: lichen covered boulders/ cobbles.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none POTENTIAL: excellent

REMARKS: LI looks like a well-preserved boulder beach longhouse, with associated cache pits and other outlying structures. L-2 is a promising location to look for other MA longhouse sites since it has sandy soil. We did not get visual elevations for either this or Mec.-l beach, but the GPS for Mec.-l was 50 ft. and for Mec.-2, was 46 ft., and these are roughly consistent with the topo elevations, since the site locations plot out just under 50foot contour on the map.

PHOTOS: polaroids, video still

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 17 Aug. 2001

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PHOTO S: BLACK AND WHITE COLOR SLIDES

SURVEYED BY

DATE

SITE NAME: Petit Mecatina-3 BORDEN #: EdBt-3 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 5-12 meters LAT/L.ONG: 50° 33.737N 59° 18.120W MAP REF: 12T/11 CULTURE: Basque DATING: 16 ,h century

SITE TYPE: Basque whaling or cod fishing site (since no ovens were noted, perhaps it is a fishing station)

SITE LOCATION: North side of Anse du Petit Mecatina, on a small promontory or headland just inside the narrows of the bay. The site extends from the small cove shore at the western end of the headland to at least the crest of the isthmus and up to the cliff overhang that runs along the north side of the harbor.

DESCRIPTION: The site area is made prominent by the presence of a huge rock shelter formed by an overhanging cliff that runs along the north side of the inlet. The best access to this shelter is from the cove and grass yl bushy ground west of the headland, and from here up to the overhang, which extends for several hundred meters. We found tiles eroding from the shore immediately at the cove (Valerie Boudrealt spotted them first among the red granite beach boulders), and we soon found tiles at the base of the overhang where we dug test pits 1 and 2. Test pits 3 and 4 also had tile remains directly under the sod in the first 10-20 cm of soil.

AREAL EXTENT: about one hundred meters, from cliff shelter to southern ridge. We did

not test east over the crest of the beach. *

/ %

RAW MATERIALS: tiles, glass, iron, bone.

VEGETATION COVER: Heavy grass, raspberry, viburnam, fire weed, alder, iris, patches of spruce, juniper and low birch, cow parsnips. Under the shelter there was not much growing but juniper (ground juniper).

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): Collected a few tiles from the beach erosion. Materials found in test pits 1-4 materials were saved: tile charcoal, iron, bone...

SAMPLES TAKEN: yes, above. Saved all except some of the small tile spalls- TP-2 was the only square (70x60 cm) that was excavated. TP 1,3,4 were shovel tests.

POTENTIAL: excellent - an important new Basque site for Gulf LNS

REMARKS: This was an important discovery since few Basque sites have been discovered in this section of the Quebec North Shore. This is a big site with lots of material and good preservation, at least in the shelter area, where the Basques may have erected some huts, judging from the TP 2 tiles, glass, iron nails, bone material etc. The high vegetation makes it hard to determine the site’s features- such as whether ovens are present. Quite a lot of rock-fall is scattered around the site making walking in the bushy growth

f

■

.

unpredictable. A large amount of tiles are seen eroding from the cove margin and lots of tiles are among the tidal landwash. The overhang creates a shelter under the rock all along the NW shore- a long distance. We did not investigate the entire area due to heavy rain.

PHOTOS: polaroid, 35mm, video and video still

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 18 Aug. 2001

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EIEIGHT A.SX: 27 ft, (by GPS and altimeter)

LAT/LONG: 50° 46.618N 59° 02.122W MAP REF: 12 J/4

CULTURE: Intermediate/ Saunders DATING: EST 3000 BP

SITE TYPE/ SEASONALITY: Chance finds around their house

SITE LOCATION: Michael Morency home- or rather that of his father, now senile- a few artifacts were found in the ground a few meters north (downhill) from their home, when digging a septic field.

DESCRIPTION: Grassy area around home. The pieces recovered include a large Ramah blade with a flat base, two side-notched points one with a broken base (Ramah) and one made of patinated white chert with a solution pocket in the upper blade; a diagonal knife with wide squared tang; and a large stemmed end scraper- the later two of Ramah chert. The Morencys also had a small nipple based point of quartz that was found at one of the high MA sites across the bay, and a fish spear of a very elaborate sort, found in the land wash “up the river.”

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: unknown

RAW MATERIALS: Ramah, white patinated chert

NATURE OF SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: grass, birch, alder, moss, fireweed etc.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: sounds like there is potential for further

excavation- beware of septic field!

REMARKS: Except for the stemmed quartz point, all this material is Intermediate Indian or its equivalent. It’s interesting that so much material is showing up along this coast and that Ramah chert plays such an important role in this technology. Saunders/

Intermediate Indian in Labrador is not dearly Ramah chert oriented.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 35mm and video SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 19 Aug. 2001

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SITE NAME: Baie des Moutons-2 BORDEN #: EeBs-2

HEIGHT A.S.L: 150-125 ft. (GPS and Barometer altim.)

LAT/LONG: 50° 46.497N 59° 01.480W MAP REF: 12 J/ 14 CULTURE: Maritime Archaic DATING: 5000 BP

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY: Coastal Settlement

SITE LOCATION: South of road where it passes town reservoir, in a boggy raised cove between granite outcrops, about 100 m. SE of the road

DESCRIPTION: Large quantities of quartz debitage was eroding from decomposing peat and vegetation that once covered much of the glacially-sculpted granite. Deposit occurs throughout the small basin seen in photo, ending as a small stream draining the lower area, tumbles sharply downhill in between two outcrops. Some possible structural rocks in middle of basin “marsh.” This is not a ‘dry’ beach site like those in Labrador. Postoccupation vegetation growth has created the marsh/bog.

AREAL EXTENT: approx. 26x 70 m.

RAW MATERIALS: Quartz, red and purple quartzite, one piece of Ramah, slate of a very degraded or leached sort, small amount of patinated light colored chert. 95% quartz. NATURE OF SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: boggy soil, marsh grass and sedge.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): surface collection SAMPLES TAKEN: of representative lithics.

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: Yes, but very few^rtifacts would be found.

REMARKS: The town boys used to come here and dig to find “arrowheads” when they were young, said Michael Morency, who took us to the site. Some areas had been disturbed near the ponded areas, but mostly they turned up the moss and dirt at the eroding edges of the bare granite. Two areas of broken bedrock seem to be blasting holes for a planned phone or electric line. We collected no diagnostic tools here- only a few worked pieces. No scrapers found. Seems like a quartz processing camp more than a living site, but we saw no nearby quartz outcrops; no bone and no charcoal was noted, but no test pits were excavated.

Michael Morency and Kevin M. showed us the site Box 47, Mutton Bay Que. GOG 2CO

PHOTOS - BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 35mm and video, but it was very windy SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 19 Aug. 2001

.

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SITE NAME: Baie des Moutons-3

BORDEN#: EeBs-3

HEIGHT A.S.L: 105-167 ft a.s.l.

LAT/LONG: 50° 45.973N 59° 02.277W

MAP REF: 12 J/14

CULTURE: Maritime Archaic

DATING: EST 5-7000 BP

SITE TYPE/ SEASONALITY: habitation?

LOCATION: SW of Mutton Bay up in the hills above the quarry. Various site locales located on a granite ridge top that descends in elevation to the north.

DESCRIPTION: Five loci of quartz (and other) finds, most of which were located on the crest of a granite ridge extending south and uphill from near the stream gully.

L-l (50° 45.880N/ 59° 02.191W) at 167 feet (GPS) or 177 feet (altimeter) at the southern end of the loci string, found by Steven Young. Fairly small locus with a couple of structure rocks in the ground. Quartz debitage. No collection made.

L-2 (50° 45.973N, 59° 02.277W) at 153 feet (GPS) or 170 (altimeter) Boulder hearth rings. Lynne Fitzhugh noted locus first. Structure present- i.e. longhouse in addition to ridge-top rock cluster and cobble hearth ring in middle of blowouts containing quartz, red quartz, chert, slate.

AREAL EXTENT: Spotty loci occurring over a linear distance of 500 meters

RAW MATERIALS: Quartz, slate, small amounts of light chert, red quartz

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: Decaying moss - retreating ground cover,

drying up of surface peat and vegetation covering bedrock, indicative of climatic

warming.

COLLECTION: surface collection for representative lithic types and tools (very few!) SAMPLES TAKEN: yes

POTENTIAL: Yes, L-2 especially. Others may have no artifacts.

REMARKS: Are these chronologically sequential occupations or simply different locations during one settlement period? Why ridge-top locations? L-3 a small area of quartz debitage at crest of ridge where 4-wheelers have broken up the surface cover. No GPS data taken. 10 m. diameter. L-4 lowest and northernmost loci, at N 50° 46.060, W 59° 02.271 at 110 ft. (altim.) and 105 ft. (GPS) elevation- second GPS reading gave elevation of 97 ft. No tools except a possible endscraper, pieces esquillee quartz. 5-10 m. dia. distribution. Peculiar settlement pattern, with L-3 and L-4 having only quartz debitage; L-2 as the only possible dwelling or structure/feature evidence and the only locus with tool fragments. Scrapers should mean Early MA. Excavate this one!

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: 35mm and short bit of video of L-2 SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 19 Aug. 2001

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LOCATION: Havre Mistanoque, eastern side, in grassy area east of the eastern-most house

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: There are several modern fishing camps around Havre Mistanoque. We tested the western and eastern sides of the harbor. Western harbor only with shovel test which produced quantities of shellfish (L-1). Several test pits and shovel tests in the eastern settlement group east of the houses. WF’s test pit produced aluminum and salmon scale beneath the thick grass cover in black loam 0-10 cm; thin shards of green curved glass in 10-20 cm in the upper peat layer; bedrock basement at 25-30 cm deep. Other test pits produced lots of modern refuse.

AREAL EXTENT: 100 meters along shore RAW MATERIALS:

SOILS/ VEGETATION COVER: heavy grass cover from modern soil enrichment. COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): test pits in eastern area.

SAMPLES TAKEN: Yes, WF test pit

POTENTIAL: This area might produce some interesting material for post-Basque times. It’s a beautiful protected harbor.

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REMARKS: I had expected to find some Basque material at this island harbor- a very likely Basque site location -- but we found only recent material. The western cove area was not sampled well as we only could make a brief shovel test at one location, on the grassy bank south of the house and rear shed.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES:

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SITE NAME: Havre Boulet BORDEN#: EeBr-13 HEIGHT A.S.L: 3-5 m.

LAT/LONG: 50° 46.774N 58° 59.929W

MAP REF: 12 J/15

CULTURE: Basque and later French

DATING: 16 th century and later

SITE TYPE: Basque station and later sealing post

LOCATION: on small peninsula on mainland side opposite Petit Mecatina Island, which is the second island east of Baie des Moutons

DESCRIPTION: There is an old cement foundation on the crest of this small peninsula jutting to the east, and lots of recent (20 th century) fishing and boating gear, including a winch, broken down buildings etc. This was once a sealing station and trading post that was started by the uncle of a Boulet, according to one Baie des Moutons resident. The area, which has a fine landing cove to the north of the point, probably has had a long line of European/Quebec sealing stations, beginning with a Basque operation. We found tiles eroding from the bank west of the cement foundation and lots of tiles in the level area between the ledge outcrop and the old decaying shed at the eastern point of the peninsula.

AREAL EXTENT: several hundreds meters. Grass and enhanced vegetation extends west of the point along the shore for several hundred meters RAW MATERIALS: Basque tiles

SOILS and VEGETATION COVER: High (5 ft.) grass, fireweed and other ‘cultural’ influenced vegetation.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): Excavated ajshallow shovel test in level ground west of the cabin standing on the point. /

SAMPLES TAKEN: three of four examples of Basque tiles.

POTENTIAL: Excellent potential for Basque and later Euro-American/Canadian history. REMARKS: Lots of Basque tiles. This site like the one at Petit Mecatina site is not obvious, because there are few tiles in the land-wash, and because of the heavy vegetation and ‘mountains’ of later European occupations. But the area with many tiles on the northern point seems relatively undisturbed and is a good bet for excavation. I tested the beach area north of the site ridge and found nothing, but there must be archeological materials here since this is the most protected location for settlement, keeping boats etc.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: one or two; video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 20 Aug. 2001

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SITE NAME: He Mistanoque-1 BORDEN #: EhBn-2 HEIGHT A.S.L: 4-6 meters LAT/LONG: 50° 15.856N 58° I2.301W

MAP REF: 12 0/8 CULTURE: European DATING: unknown SITE TYPE: midden

LOCATION: Havre Mistanoque, eastern side, in grassy area east of the eastern-most house

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: There are several modern fishing camps around Havre Mistanoque. We tested the western and eastern sides of the harbor. Western harbor only with shovel test which produced quantities of shellfish (L-l). Several test pits and shovel tests in the eastern settlement group east of the houses. WF's test pit produced aluminum and salmon scale beneath the thick grass cover in black loam 0-10 cm; thin shards of green curved glass in 10-20 cm in the upper peat layer; bedrock basement at 25-30 cm deep. Other test pits produced lots of modern refuse.

AREAL EXTENT: 100 meters along shore RAW MATERIALS:

SOILS/ VEGETATION COVER: heavy grass cover from modern soil enrichment. COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): test pits in eastern area.

SAMPLES TAKEN: Yes, WF test pit

POTENTIAL: This area might produce some interesting material for post-Basque times. It’s a beautiful protected harbor.

REMARKS: I had expected to find some Basque material at this island harbor- a very likely Basque site location -- but we found only recent material. The western cove area was not sampled well as we only could make a brief shovel test at one location, on the grassy bank south of the house and rear shed.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES:

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 21 Aug. 2001

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f Cy M A

BORDEN no. Sk

height a.s.l. 4 - 6 fw (y^a military grid refA k nn ,m /j (2 ,?c 1

MAP REF. _(_^ ^ f<L

CULTURE ? J P 4 ^ ___

TENTATIVE DATING £ (uUuc

Table caption

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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DESCRIPTION CF SITE (^\ C(j^X\ Clbhi» l£ CfXciyJJ> i;uJ

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l\ )-{ 6*sA4 tZ,y j, susiA -ZA^irC ^ A _ U am Ly^ r «■ Ldd ^ r>x

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AREAL EXTENT OF RAM MATERIALS

MATURE OF SO ILS/SED I ME L'TS/VECET AT 1 ON COVER \ A6u\Jxi a; / a he, c sW r (y^n w£ e(yia\

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ATEATIAL E; A FURTHER K'URK (,/ EF SQUARES, DEPTH CE DIP US IT ?)

H'v t ^ C tLisiCf ‘oUi l{ (py" Pi 4r (c^ <,

HARKS ( i '.or.luding prehistoric (joogr.iphy, topngrophy, site exposure and orientation} -

a (6'y,MO

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SURVEYED BY x\\^\au<\s S

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SITE NAME: lie Mistanoque-2 BORDEN #: EhBn-3 HEIGHT A.S.L: 35.40 ft. (est.)

LAT/LONG: 50° 15.482N 58° 12.714W

MAP REF: 12 0/8 CULTURE: Amerindian; European DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: Boulder caches; and possible burial (European)

SITE LOCATION: On beach crest between central and eastern coves on the south side of lie Mistanoque: boulder caches on east side of crest and the possible European graves just over the crest of the beach on west side.

DESCRIPTION: Several boulder caches and possible house pits first noticed by Lynne Fitzhugh on a beach pass cresting about 35-40 ft. a.s.l. Matt Gallon tested the crescent pit at upper side of middle beach- negative. Several other circular pits may be caches or housed in boulders. Lynne noticed two small rectangular cobble settings on the northern beach area that may be children’s’ burials, outlined in small stones. Not tested!

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: several hundred square meters

RAW MATERIALS: NA

VEGETATION COVER: tundra

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none

SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL: limited

REMARKS: No cultural signatures that I could identify. The two burial areas were quite intriguing, with small rectangular enclosure# 2 by 3 feet in size with adjacent cobblestone lines

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: l-35mm/ video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 21 Aug. 2001

*

SITE NAME

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BORDEN NO,

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HEIGHT A.S.L, ^E • H 0 PEt - MILITARY GRID REF. Q<? < E,H?2 00 N X)E »*-7 /Y ~m-£.

Table caption

MAP REF. W

Table caption

CULTURE ^ 0

Table caption

TENTATIVE DATING

----- (/ c / ^ / ) Q Cl fcv

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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DESCRIPTION Cc SITE <

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■ u.tcruj'- PROCEDURE(S) t/ l 6 )

■ ARLES i'AKUP li t'

PTE .\T IAL EUR EURTHER H'URK (,/ f :E SQUARES, DEPTH CE DEPUSIT ?)

“ * * /

Av ( 1 w

?rir ARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site uxpor.uro and orientation)

_ Ccci ^ y'd ${ i\a'^ uf \fC S Cocjl (d/i j fiCc j - _

CULGR SLIDES ^ ^ ^ i/v\h / jjR ___

SURVEYED BY ^ ^ ^ 2 /g ^ t>- __ DATE ^ | |

SITE NAME: He Checatica BORDEN #: EhBn-1 HEIGHT A.S.L: 5-15 m. a.s.l.

LAT/LONG: 50° 16.079N 58° 4.800W

MAP REF: 12 0/8

CULTURE: European (and I unit?)

DATING: 17-18* 1 ’century

SITE TYPE: Settlement site with sod structures and midden

LOCATION: At narrows with Chekatika and mainland, on NE point of the island in a grassy vegetated hillslope area. This is an excellent “limit" area because it is an area where it is not likely that ice would form in winter and is not a European-type protected harbor.

DESCRIPTION: Very grassy, enhanced vegetation. I had only a few minutes to survey and could only shovel test two locations. Test pit 1 and 2. There are several high-walled sod structures which are not typical of European sites. Artifacts from TP- included banded annular ware and brick.

AREAL EXTENT: Several hundred square meters across the eastern side of the grassy slope

RAW MATERIALS: ceramics

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: grass

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): two shovel tests- both produced 17/18 th century materials in sod-walled structures.

SAMPLES TAKEN: Yes, annular ware and brick from TP-1; while undiagnostic ceramic from TP-2.

POTENTIAL: Very interesting site and one that shouldJbfe looked into closely in the future.

REMARKS: We had been looking for possible Inuit and Early European sites on the LNS and this site seems to be post-Basque (no tiles in my brief tests) and is not late 19-20"' century at least, by which time settlement seems to have shifted to the more protected anchorage at Mistanoque. This site has no safe boat anchorage and seems to have sod constructions that might be Inuit. The grass and raspberries were so high I could not determine exactly the topography of the site. The two tests were inside structures with pronounced near walls and seemed to have had cobble floors. No tiles or other cultural materials were prominent in by quick inspection of the landwash.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: 35 and brief video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 21 Aug. 2001

.

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SITE NAME

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BORDEN NO. E A /

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height a.s.l. cl^>I military crid ree/ ^ 57 /6-e7fio n 5 <XY- ft #?

MAP REF. f2. o(i,

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CULTURE

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TENTATIVE DATIf

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floy W^X &Ucu(d (od^J i n Co dd^^U) l h ZW

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EfARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography,-site oxposuro and orientation) -—

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PHOTO S; BLACK AND WHITE COLOR SLIDES

<T'

SURVEYED BY 7^

IM^W ,uo^

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date

SITE NAME: lie Verte

BORDEN#: EiBl-6

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 52 ft. (altimeter)

LAT/LONG: 51° 20.252N 57° 56.200W

MAP REF: 12 P/5

CULTURE: Maritime Archaic??

DATING: late MA if not later SITE TYPE: boulder beach structures

LOCATION: On the boulder beach on high shores of lie Verte

DESCRIPTION: A large number of boulder features and structures were noted on the eastern side of lie Verte, overlooking the large fresh water pond at the northeastern end of the island. Several were 5-6 meters in diameter and seem to have been used as houses, while others were more likely cache pits and other functions. Several possible longhouses were also imagined but could not be defined in detail. No tools or lithics were seen, but lots of gulls were nesting here now. We tested the adjoining beaches with no success.

Also tested the ridge south of the pond at the island crest and the beach ridge to the east of this pond.

AREAL EXTENT: 150 meters RAW MATERIALS:

NATURE OF SOILS / VEGETATION COVER: grassy/ mossy in vegetated areas, barren boulder beach in that area.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL: Quite a bit of excavation coul|l be done on the boulder houses.

REMARKS: It’s hard to know what to do with this site other than dig a couple of the ‘house’ pits and see what they contain. Elevation is compatible with middle MA.

It was strange that there were not more signs of prehistoric or historic occupation on this sandy island. Good resources available, water, game etc. This is the first truly sandy location we have encountered since Natashquan. We were not able to check the southern parts of the island.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: video and 35mm

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 21 Aug. 2001

height a.s.l. , fT ? ' ft military grid ref. *T( c 20,2^1- nn n 5'7*bZ- . 2 ^ c ' nn e

MAP REF. / 2 _____

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CULTURE

M-Umj£ jU±Zt

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

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site; LOCATION ($ c\ '7t c y b) 0 cJ tbs U^c(cL

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE -/ A> ^ AW .4nc , _ -^( (J~ __

RAD MATERIALS

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NATURE OF SOILS/SED I ME NTS/VECET AT I G\' COVER 4 ^C / ^[F4S '

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- TENTATIVE DATING tilth Cl CifCl/f

SITE TYPE/SEASONALITY

^ Ci\djC ( f-'i C( I fil'lC) 5 j-CA 1# IS]

site; location h/ecir 60 ',\JlicfF[ euf/ t'gffvrO aT

gg /feft'n TO IpA&tu

fl\S \m<v. p utrvl.

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Ram materials

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• LES TAKEN

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TE.M'IAL FqR FURTHER X'URK (,/ fJF SQUARES, DEPTH CF DEPUSIT ?) ^ ^va/~ hfflu/jC-.

f ARKS (including prehistoric geography, topography, site exposuro and orientation) -----

<V k ‘tfJ tj'buno ) dH f _ 4 ,J> oL j!E _ ' UaHO /_

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SITE NAME: lie du Vieux Fort-1 BORDEN#: EiBk-50 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 3-4 meters LAT/LONG: 51° 2 1.5 IN 57° 46.556W MAP REF: 12 P/5 CULTURE: European settler DATING: 19/20 th century SITE TYPE: summer fishing camp

SITE LOCATION: East side of lie du Vieux Fort on first peninsula south of Passe Fequet’s, on south side of cove.

DESCRIPTION: Two settlement areas, one in the foreground above (see field Polaroid shot) and a second area over the rock ridge in the northernmost cove. Several test pits in different foundations produced glass shards, ceramics, nails, iron stove parts, pieces of metal etc. A large rectangular area at the southwest side of the second cove in from the point was different in being clear of grass and recent enrichment and was larger and had a rear wall of earth and a front (north) wall of boulders. It produced cut glass and some large square-cut nails and seemed older that the other settlements.

AREAL EXTENT: About 10x15 ft. The two coves covered several hundred meters.

RAW MATERIALS: glass, ceramics, metal...

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: tall grass, cow parsnips, raspberries. The ‘red-berry’ house is covered with birch and lichen and is bordered to south with cracker berries.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): We excavated test pits in some of the structures and disturbed areas. Nothing mapped. . ^ A

SAMPLES TAKEN: Only from ‘red-berry’ house. Cut nails.

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: Not great, but nevertheless interesting sites concerning the early-mid 20 th century fishing economy and some 19 lh century.

REMARKS: We also tested the raised beach south of IVF-1 and found no signs of cultural activity. One structure had a perfect cast of an old iron stove in the sod overlying it and the stove beneath.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: some video and 35mm

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 22 Aug. 2001

t •• A

s .

BORDEN 0.

site r.'Af^E d \ l\ h^tr t~ .L-) X -l

HEIGHT A.S.L. ^ UA < (-(*lT>- MILITARY GRID REF. *0 / DO N <£

MAP REF.

CULTURE S^fT/fV

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TENTATIVE DATING

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DESCRIPTION OF SITE f K-'t' £*? tfl \j~ ftvYc2S #6 |ff r /I fl^(

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE fTKi^O^ l pU ^ x Q s IM v V? C v / ^ t

hoL x.rc//i ccKfe*^ [nincLy]! outers

RAiJ MATERIALS

NATURE OF S 01L S/S ED I ME NT S/v E C E T A T I 0 \' COVER icc(J

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PHOTO S: BLACK ADD WHITE COLOR SLIDES SURVEYED BY P/Y< (nl/t lil f^jlUcvL

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SITE NAME: He du Vieux Fort-2 (‘longhouse’)

BORDEN#: EiBk-51

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 4-5 meters but not measured LAT/LONG: 51 ° 21.211N 57° 46.528W MAP REF: 12 P/5

CULTURE: L-l small rectangular structure; L-2 ‘Longhouse’ site DATING: L-l 20 ,h century; L-2 ?

SITE TYPE: sod foundations

LOCATION: L-2 is about halfway between the graveyard and the point of land at

entrance to the cove.

DESCRIPTION: Steven Young pointed this site (L2) out to me based on its similarity to Viking longhouses. The structure is composed of a series of rooms separated by raised wall dividers that rise 20-30 cm. higher than the floors and a well defined south and east sidewall. The interior of the structure was defined well by grass, but not much compared to other recent occupations. The structure is built into the existing beach ridges with SE wall being essentially the ridge itself.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 100 square meters

RAW MATERIALS: Nothing found in two 50cm test pits, one in the 2 nd compartment from south wall, and the other on the ridge between the 2 nd and 1 st compartment.

SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: sandy beach soil with grass, blackberry empetram.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): 2 test pits

SAMPLES TAKEN: one soil sample taken from the buried soil horizon (compressed peat) in TP-2. *

POTENTIAL: Test neg. so far, but merits further work because of the Norse type structure outline and the excellent grazing area.

REMARKS: The grassy meadows at this Pt. Capston/ Bessie’s Beach area and other places on south and eastern lie du Vieux Fort are also unique features of this area that would have made it attractive to a small group of Norsemen. The east side of lie du Vieux Fort is protected by skerries that make its shores fairly quiet even although they open to the sea to the SW. However, the site so far does not appear to be Norse and the reason for its peculiar structure is unexplained. Our tests did not give a positive identification for charcoal or a cultural floor- rather a buried soil/ humus profile as though the ‘structure’ was created naturally, as a series of rectangular blowouts and the walls function of the beach ridges. Still, it should be tested further.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: yes, and video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 22 Aug. 2001

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SITE NAME: He du Vieux Fort-3 (Bussie’s Cove)

BORDEN #: EiBk-52 HEIGHT A.S.L: 3-4 meters a.s.l.

LAT/LONG: 51° 21.267N 57° 46.493W MAP REF: 12 P/5 CULTURE: European?

DATING: 19/20 ,h century SITE TYPE: sand/sod foundation

SITE LOCATION: ca 50 meters south of Fequet graveyard on upper terrace of Bussie’s Beach (“Welcome to Bussie’s Beach” was painted on a rock at the NW corner of beach.)

DESCRIPTION: Steven Young noticed this low sod/sand wall structure, with 3 of its 4 sides showing and missing its narrow north wall facing the graveyard. We dug three test pits, two inside the structure and one ‘outside’ the “missing” northern wall area. Sterile sand was found right under the sod/moss. The only find was a piece of shoe leather (or roof tar paper?) Dimensions of the wall here 3.5x4.5 inside dimension. Walls were 50 cm wide and about 10 cms high.

AREAL EXTENT: 4 by 5 meters RAW MATERIALS:

SOILS/VEGETATION COVER: sandy beach deposits COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): 3 test pits 40x40 cm.

SAMPLES TAKEN: yes, TP 3: leather?

POTENTIAL: Not much

REMARKS: This was a disappointment because although the structure was quite distinct, we did not find interesting deposits. But surely there rndst be more here, of European and recent date probably. The empetrum cover and lack of grass suggests a fairly old age for the walls.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: yes, video

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 22 Aug. 2001

■

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NATURE OF S 01LS/SED I ME N'TS/vECETAT 1 ON COVER

a'i'ples take p l

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SITE NAME: lie Net Tickle (Vieux Fort)

BORDEN#: EiBl-7 HEIGHT A.S.L: 2-3 meters est.

LAT/LONG: 51° 22.189N 57° 53.451W

MAP REF: 12 P/5

CULTURE: Prehistoric Indian; European DATING: 16 th century?; 18 th (?)-20' h century SITE TYPE: settlement, seal netting

LOCATION: On low, narrow neck at southern entrance to Steven’s Cove, across from lie

Net.

DESCRIPTION: Several loci of finds were identified, but the site may have finds throughout the length of the beach. L-l is at the west end and had European materials, (cut nail and glass) associated with a rectangular boulder foundation measuring 4.7x3.5 meters, situated up against the hillside; a lower component was prehistoric, with flakes of tan quartzite, SW Nfld. chert, and tan chert. No tools. C14 sample.

L-2 (no apparent structure) had European ceramics, iron nails L-3 nails. Some nails and ceramics - seems like 18 th century.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 100 meters long

RAW MATERIALS: iron, glass, ceramics, tan quartzite, SW Nfld. chert, tan chert. VEGETATION COVER: grass, low shrubs etc.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): 3 test pits and a collection from the beach.

SAMPLES TAKEN: L-l artifacts/ flakes, C14 sample for native component. L-2 tan

ceramic, brown glazed earthen ware, nails; L-3 iron nails

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: yes- bpt not a lafge or spectacular site

REMARKS: It was surprising to find European materials and a small native component in such a low and small site, only a few meters above sea level. The native component seems likely to be a late prehistoric Indian one related to Little Passage or Pt. Revenge, but mostly with local lithics being used. The distribution of lithics seemed stronger toward the SW side of the 1x1 meter test square.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: video and 35mm

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 23 Aug. 2001

■

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IRVEYED BY Z^;cl 6_c C( j ^TZ f 4ufc|<,

DATE A%.

SITE NAME: Havre des Belles Amours BORDEN#: EiBi-14 HEIGHT A.S.L: 21 feet a.s.l.

LAT/LONG: 51° 27.434N 57° 27.409W MAP REF: 12 P/6

CULTURE: unknown. Possibly Amerindian DATING: unknown SITE TYPE: hearth

LOCATION: This may be EiBi-14 from earlier surveys! The site lies at the souteast end of a clearing on the broad, open second terrace above the shore, just beneath a prominent hill to the south and only a meter north of a beaten foot and vehicle track, before the track enters the forest scrub. General location is the southern end of Havre des Belles Amours, a hundred meters west of the creek which drains the south area of the shore.

DESCRIPTION: It was not a good sign when we excavated this hearth protruding from the surface and found a piece of orange flagging tape buried at the base of the feature. Location of the previously-recorded Quebec record EiBi-14 looks close to our find. A rock showing through the surface vegetation signaled this site. We excavated a lxl m. square and found a tight hearth feature with stratigraphic disturbance that only made sense when we found the buried orange flagging.

AREAL EXTENT: lxl m.

RAW MATERIALS: beach cobble hearth rocks

SOILS/ VEGETATION COVER: sandy soils and tundra surface vegetation COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): we excavated this feature to see who lived here and to obtain a dating sample. We collected a small charcoal sample from beneath rocks in situ. What culture it dates is a good question! Thefe was no' dtiert or other lithic material present, nor any other artifacts except the flagging tape.

SAMPLES TAKEN: charcoal POTENTIAL: none

REMARKS: I think this site must have been located in a previous survey. We found one miniscule quartz flake in the excavation. No other material except charcoal. The terrace on which this feature was found has a number of blowouts but nothing was found in any of them.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid COLOR SLIDES: video, 35mm

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 23 Aug. 2001

••

> -4

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4

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SITE NAME: Pointe des Belle Amour

BORDEN #: EiBi-19

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 42 ft. (GPS and Altim.)

LAT/LONG: 51° 27.169N 57° 26.490W MAP REF: 12 P/6 CULTURE: unknown (TBP)

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE: boulder beach structure

LOCATION: on a line from the eastern peak of the highest terrace of the peninsula and

the southern end of the lagoon to east.

DESCRIPTION: Two dwelling structures. The northern one measures 4x4 meters with its N-S axis being slightly longer than the E-W dimension. The northern floor is vegetated with moss and southern half clear, showing small cobbles for flooring, in contrast with the large rocks in the beach. Two small cache pits were noticed, one to NW and one to SE of structure, about 1 meter from the walk. A second structure foundation exists to south, immediately adjacent, measuring 5x4 m., also rectangular, with its longer axis perpendicular to the shore. Nothing seen on the surface. Nothing excavated. It was dusk and only the video still could record this site.

EXTENT: 15 by 20 m.

VEGETATION: bare cobble beach PROCEDURE(S): nothing dug SAMPLES: nothing taken

POTENTIAL: yes, this would be an interesting site to excavate

REMARKS: According to the uplift curve presented by^Jean-Yves Pintal (1998) for the Blanc Sablon region, sea level would have been at the 13m elevation about 6-7000 years ago, placing this site in the Middle/Early Maritime Archaic period. This is the only site found in our survey of the eastern portion of the Belles Amours Harbor peninsula that is unequivocally a dwelling structure, as opposed to the several cache pits that we noticed.

At this site there are cache pits associated with a structure that looks like a dwelling. S-2 is probably contemporary with S-1.

PHOTOS: no (too dark 7pm); video still only SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 23 Aug. 2001

x

SITE NAME HE

£ U g /V ^\p U(f ^ C Of

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AREAL EXTENT OF SITE

RAW MATERIALS

5^ /// 10 wii

NATURE OF SOILS/SED I ME NTS/VEGETAT 1 ON COVER Cf)k^ £ A/ a fA

.apples take rv A/)

CTE.M'IAL EUR ElJRTHErt WORK (./ OE SQUARES, DEPTH CE DEPOSIT ?) _

_- ^ 7 -L U < 2 qcU J c f € sbtyCj ^-Q £ fcC*- v <

ESI ASKS ( i.-'eluding [prehistoric geography, topography, site exposure end orientation)

JC, JU i^ C j, o\ As\f) Qi^KJ&ho^ 7 ' ___ ________

4

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SITE NAME: Pointe au Havre (Belles Amours)

BORDEN #: EiBi-20

HEIGHT A.S.L.: 11 feet

LAT/LONG: 51° 28.14N 57° 26.882W

MAP REF: 12 P/6

CULTURE: European

DATING: 19 th century

SITE TYPE: European settlement, probably of the Buckle family.

LOCATION: On west side of the sandy point at north end of Belles Amours Peninsula

about 50 ft. from the shore.

DESCRIPTION: We had only a few minutes ashore before leaving for Blanc Sablon. Lynne Fitzhugh checked the graveyard on the terrace at the south end of the northern sea level terrace. Buckles were buried there in the 19 ,h century. Two large rectangular foundations of sod/turf are present, and possibly others. Also a deep trench south of S-2.

AREAL EXTENT: several hundred meters RAW MATERIALS: glass, ceramic, iron.

VEGETATION: thin moss/grass. Cultural material in the upper (thin) gray sand. PROCEDURE(S): sample from S-l, S-2 test pits

SAMPLES: From S-l: Square glass bottle, green glass, bone, nail; From S-2, iron nail,

bone.

POTENTIAL: The Buckles were an important early Labrador family from Middle Bay.

REMARKS: This site might have lots of interesting material from the 19-20' h century. The inner house deposits are very thin, with 2-3 cjn of turf {grass etc.) 2-3 cms of dark humic soil and then sterile sand.

PHOTOS: 35mm only.

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 25 Aug. 2001

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HEIGHT A.S.L.

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SITE NAME: Belles Amours Peninsula BORDEN #: EiBi-7 HEIGHT A.S.L: 32 ft.

LAT/LONG: 51° 28.396N 57°24.912W

MAP REF: 12 P/6

CULTURE: Intermediate Indian?

DATING: unknown

SITE TYPE / SEASONALITY: Boulder structures in cobble beach

SITE LOCATION: On exposed cobble beach at NE side of Belles Amours Peninsula, in northern part of the beach exposure at the crest of ridge, east of the pond.

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: See Rene Levesque’s preliminary report (1968) that has a section on these structures (“Rapport Preliminaire 1968” published by La Societe d’ Archeologie de la Cote Nord). He has a map of the structures drawn by Pierre McKenzie.

AREAL EXTENT: 200 meters along the crest of the ridge

NATURE OF SOILS/ SEDIMENTS/ VEGETATION COVER: exposed cobbles

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): nothing collected

SAMPLES TAKEN: no

POTENTIAL: Excellent. Some of these structures are very well preserved and could be excavated. They are among some of the most distinctive cobble beach structures I have seen.

REMARKS: Rene Levesque or Pierre McKenzie seem to have dug into the houses in a few places, and these locations can be seen by the black lichen cover and absence of the longgrowing green lichen on the rocks. These are some of the most interesting house forms for post-MA cultures in this area. Some have internal features and well-defined floors. Cache pits associated with floored structures suggest that the latter or clearly houses. Some are rectangular, multi-roomed. We could not map the area in detail and only photographed a few of the structures.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: 35mm shots of some houses; some video stills

SURVEYED BY: Lynne and Bill Fitzhugh and Clifford Hart DATE: 26 Aug. 2001

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SITE NAME: Clifford Hart Chalet

BORDEN #: EiBh-47 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 26-42 ft.

LAT/LONG: 51° 29.924N 57° 15.747W MAP REF: 12 P/6

CULTURE: European (26-35' -Basque/Post-Basque?); Amerindian (35-42')

DATING: various, see below

SITE TYPE: whaling site; settlement and possible cache location

LOCATION: Mainland north of lie de Paresseux, immediately behind Clifford and Florence Hart’s “chalet” or country place. Probably the same site as EiBh-47.

DESCRIPTION: We did not do sub-surface tests at the lower elevations below the Hart house where Levesque had found whalebones, bricks and other materials. However, at about 26 ft. near the back of the Hart house we found tiny fragments of tile-like ceramic. Further up-hill, toward the back of the ‘lawn’ and in the forest behind the clearing the ground is ‘lumpy’, perhaps concealing ovens or other structures. Somewhere in the vicinity of the house Levesque uncovered a whalebone chute in 1968. The area has no open exposures now. We did not have a shovel with us when we toured these sites with Cliff Hart. Beyond the forest patch north of the yard is a bull-dozed clearing through which the access road passes. A large area about 100x100 meters had been dozed clear of trees down to the upper peat, and here between the Hart ‘driveway’ and the west-bound dirt road we found evidence of Groswater flakes and artifacts around the small 5x5 meter garden planted by Florence Hart, buff quartzit^ flakes in the Hart driveway at a bit higher elevation, evidence of Saunders-like Intermediate debitage in multi-colored chert along the gully in the western area of the clearing, and MA materials along the length of the road. At the east end of this upper area, just below the outcropping hill, was where Hart had found a cache of several weathered slate celts and gouges. Ramah chert and slate flakes were seen frequently and we found a contracting stem Ramah point of Rattlers Bight at the western edge of the hill outcrop. A lot of different cultures present in a very small area. Why concentrated here? is the big question.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: Several hundred square meters in between his house and the bulldozed area behind it.

RAW MATERIALS: I saw but did not collect fragments of tile or brick.

NATURE OF SOILS/ VEGETATION COVER: Heavy spruce forest and lots of black flies, even at end of August.

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): surface collections only. No sub-surface testing done. SAMPLES TAKEN: none taken from the ‘European’ area; but a few pieces and flakes were taken from the upper prehistoric settlement area.

POTENTIAL FOR FURTHER WORK: This could be a very important early European settlement site - whether it is Basque or later - and it should be tested fully in the near future. Clifford Hart and his wife seem very eager to support scientific work here.

REMARKS: There is something important about this location that has attracted lots of prehistoric and early historic settlement - certainly the protected coves, entrance of a large river, and off-shore islands made it is a great harbor area with protection for small boats.

*

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This is also a location where the Innu used to come out of the country in the spring to the coast, according to local people who used to have good relations with the Innu here.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE: no

COLOR SLIDES: yes and color polaroid

SURVEYED BY: Fitzhugh and Clifford Hart DATE: 25 Aug. 2001

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SITE NAME ________

HEIGHT A.S.L. 'Up" ^ 2

BORDEN NO.

MILITARY GRID REF X X 2-^7 QzH 00 N b 7 ~ d/A/F m~?—
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PAGE

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SITE NAME: Tumulus de Brador 1, 2 BORDEN #: EIBfa-59, 60 HEIGHT A.S.L.: 106 ft.

LAT/LONG: 51° 28.348N 57° 13.903V/

MAP REF: 12 P/6 CULTURE: Maritime Archaic DATING: 7500 B.P.?

SITE TYPE: Burial Mounds

SITE LOCATION: On sand and gravel ridge between Brador town and a set of lakes to the east.

DESCRIPTION: Burial mounds excavated by Rene Levesque In 1960s (or early 1970s?). Access by road from Rt 138 and only a short distance from the highway. The western mound is partly back-filled, the eastern, at the end of the beach eminence seems not to have been backfilled and is a very large pit. According to Clifford Hart, who viewed these excavations when they were completed, Rene Levesque had them done up “very nicely, with everything showing neatly.”

AREAL EXTENT: Each mound is about 10x10 meters based on the pit size. Original rock features were somewhat smaller.

VEGETATION COVER: sand and slab surface, barren of vegetation COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): none SAMPLES TAKEN: none

POTENTIAL: Clean-up and site reconstruction needed a

REMARKS: 1 saw the drawings and photos, and the artifacts when RL loaned them to Jim Wright at the CMC in the mid-1970s. The gouges and celts, and nipple-based triangular points from one of the mounds were very surprising, as was the internal chamber-like slab rock structure. RL also gave me a set of color slides and a copy of his draft thesis. I dated some charcoal from one of the mounds and got a 3000 B P date- seemingly much too late. I wonder if there are not some dwelling structures associated with these mounds but I did not have time to survey for them.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE: one polaroid

COLOR SLIDES: 35mm slides and video still

SURVEYED BY: Pitsiulak / Fitzhugh DATE: 26 Aug. 2001

SITE NAME

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HEIGHT a.s.l.
Ob' 1
BORDEN NO.

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TENTATIVE DATING

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DESCRIPTION CF

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SITE NAME: Courtemanche Site BORDEN #: EiBh-34

HEIGHT A.S.L.: not measured but not far above sea level

LAT/LONG: 51° 2728N, 57° 1444W

MAP REF: 12 P/6

CULTURE: European/ French

DATING: 1703-1709

SITE TYPE: stone-walled house foundation and sod-walled out-buildings

SITE LOCATION: In the back (sea-side) of (I never got the owner’s name) residence, whose house ends at west side only a few meters from the east wall of the Courtemanche stone foundation. The ground around here, in high grass, is full of foundations of other associated buildings, and extends for 200 meters. This is a major site!

DESCRIPTION OF SITE: Cement-mortared foundations and sod foundation structures. Levesque excavated the interior of the stone house. Nothing else seems to have been touched. The land-owner is very wary of the presence of this site on their property and is somewhat reluctant to have visitors, fearing their property and privacy might be forfeit. We called and received permission to come by and I took some photos, but it is hard to see much since the area is heavily-covered with grass and weeds.

AREAL EXTENT OF SITE: 100 meters

VEGETATION COVER: grass and weeds

COLLECTION PROCEDURE(S): nothing collected, noihdng tested SAMPLES TAKEN: no

POTENTIAL: There is much work to do here

REMARKS: This site would be one of the major historic attractions of the Blanc Sablon region if it were excavated and interpreted. The Courtemanche cart track is clearly seen in the ground east of the 138 road, cutting into the ground as it rises over the rocky ledge a few hundred meters south of the stone house site. Seen as a U-shaped, 2-meter wide trough in the ground, it can be traced eastward rising up the hill for some distance.

PHOTOS: BLACK AND WHITE : no

COLOR SLIDES: yes and video stills

SURVEYED BY: Fitzhugh w/ Clifford Hart DATE: 26 Aug. 2001

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PUIS TAKE’.'

'E.\TIAL f'FR FURTHER WURK (,/ OF SQUARES, DEPTH CF DEPOSIT ?)

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(including prehistoric geography, topography, sito exposure and orientation)

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RVEYED BY in-U'vu<|/i R>) Or^M) fU^t

Section 9: Research Permits

Quebec

E3 E3 II E3

Ministere de la Culture et des Communications

Quebec, le 6 juillet 2001

Monsieur William W. Fitzhugh

Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History

332, 8 th Street S.E.

Washington, D C. 20003

Monsieur,

Faisant suite a 1'avis de ia Commission des biens culturels, le ministere de la Culture et des Communications a le plaisir de vous emettre un permis de recherche archeologique effectif en date du 5 juillet 2001 pour ('intervention suivante 01-FITZ-01 :

Inventaire de la Basse Cote-Nord de BlancSablon jusqu’aux lies Mingan, Cote Nord du Saint-Laurent.

Nous vous souhaitons bon succes dans vos recherches et vous prions d’agreer, Monsieur, I'expression de nos meilleurs sentiments.

Gilles Samson Archeologue

/mb

p.j.

Direction de la Capitale-Nationale

225, Grande Allee Est Rez-de-chaussee, Bloc C Quebec (Quebec) G1R 5G5 Telephone : (418) 380-2346 Telecopieur : (418) 380-2347 C. elec.: dcn@mcc.gouv.qc.ca

Gouvernement du Quebec Ministere de la Culture et des Communications

FORMULE 24(2)

Dossier no :

01-FITZ-01

(a I'usage du ministere)

PERMIS DE RECHERCHE ARCHEOLOGIQUE

Apres etude et sur la base des documents et renseignements fournis, la ministre emet un permis valide pour un an

a compter du : 25 juill&t 2001 _

a : Monsieur William Fitzhugh __

Le detenteur du permis est autorise a effectuer la recherche archeologique aux endroits suivants:

Inventaire de la Basse Cote-Nord de Blanc-Sablon jusqu’aux lies de Mingan, Cote Nord du Saint-Laurent.

£ --4

Le detenteur du permis doit effectuer la recherche archeologique conformement a sa demande de permis et au Reglement sur la recherche archeologique.

L’etude et les verifications prealables a remission de ce permis ont ete faites sous la responsabilite de

M. Gilles Samson, archeologue _

LepermisestdeiivreaQuebec.ee 5 e jour dejuiliet 2001

La ministre de la Culture et des Communications

Denis Delangie |

Directeur general de Taction regionale de I’Est du Quebec

No.

Par:

Quebec « "

Ministere de la Culture et des Communications

AVIS

Ajout d’un resume

au rapport de recherche archeologique

L’Association des Archeologues du Quebec (AAQ) publie depuis 1983 un recueil intitule « Recherches Archeologiques au Quebec » qui regroupe des resumes d’activites archeologiques. II a ete decide de transformer cette publication de format papier a un format electronique, qui sera accessible a partir du site Internet de I’AAQ.

L’actuel Reglement sur la recherche archeologique ne fait pas mention de la remisp d’un resume avec le rapport annuel. L’AAQ suggere que ces resumes fassent obligatoirement partie des rapports qui suivent les interventions archeologiques. [.’inclusion d’un resume a votre rapport archeologique simplifierait grandement la collecte de ceux-ci et serait grandement apprecie.

Idealement, les resumes ne devraient pas depasser une page de texte et pourraient etre accompagnes d’une carte de localisation du site ou du lieu de (’intervention archeologique et, si possible, d’une illustration.

Nous vous remercions de votre collaboration et vous prions d’agreer I’expression de nos sentiments les meilleurs.

Direction de la Capitale-Nationale

225, Grande Aliee Est Rez-de-chaussee, Bloc C Quebec (Quebec) G1R5G5 Telephone : (418) 380-2346 Telecopieur: (418) 380-2347 C. elec.: dcn@mcc.gouv.qcca

£

1*1

Table caption

Gouvemement du Canada

PERMIS DE RECHERCHE ET/OU DE COLLECTES SCIENTIFIQUES

: PARTIE I . .

' . - '

Permlssionnaire

Organisme parrain

Monsieur William W. Fitzhugh

Institut Smithsonian

Washington, D.C.

29650

Centre des Etudes Arctiques

Institut Smithsonian

Tel. bureau : (202) 357-26g2

fax: (202) 357-2684

Institut de recherche prive

Table caption

■

Table caption

' - ;;

Autres

Rene Levesque, William Richard Valerie Boudreau Selma Barkham

J

Description de la recherche

Numero du perrnis :

Mingan 2001-02

Titre du projet :

Pro jet de la Basse Cote-Nord de P institut Smithsonian

Domaine de recherche :

Archeologie

Type de recherche

Ponctuelle

Mots cles :

Archeologie, Innu, Basques, Vikings

Statut de la demande de recherche :

Acceptee

Date de la decision :

2001-08-06

Date d’ouverture du dossier :

2001-08-06

Date de fermeture du dossier :

Defin ition dn pro jet

Le projet vise a echantillonner certains sites des ties de la Reserve de pare national de 1’ArchipeI-de-Mingan en vue de determiner la nature et l’etendue des restes archeologiques presents. Ce projet s’inscrit dans le cadre de I’etude “The Smithsonian Lower North Shore Project, Quebec-2001". L’objectif vise par ce projet pour 2001 estd’effectuer une reconnaissance sonrmaire de sites d’interet. Les fouilles seront limitees a des sondages ponctuels sur les sites identifies.

Portee de Pautorisation

Le permis autorise le titulaire et ses collaborateurs a circuler sur le territoire de la Reserve de pare national de 1’Archipel-de-Mingan (RPNAM) et a proceder a la prise de donnees pour rencontrer les objectifs du projet en suivant un protocole accepte par les deux parties. Le permissionnaire doit cependant respecter les conditions generates mentionnees dans le permis ainsi que les clauses supplementaires enoncees ci-apres.

L’etude se deroulera sur les iles suivantes: Toutes les iles de la RPNAM. Les proprietaires d’iles privees

devront etre contactes par le titulaire afin d’obtenir son autorisation.

Aucun sondage ne sera permis sur les iles suivantes: N/A

Pet ails sur la nature des prelevements

.

Sauf des charbons de bois, pour des fins de datation, aucun prelevement ne sera autorise.

SISPSfiSSSPMj

1

■ ■ :

%

PARTIE IV .

j Disposition des specimens

vH

Table caption

Les charbons de bois recueillis pourront etre detruits une fois dates.

ISclieancier

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Pennis valide :

2001/08/07 an 2000/08/12

Protocole d’ententes particnlieres concernant la loglstique N/A

Rapports deniarides /

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Compte-rendu de terrain: II s’agit de la liste et de la localisation des sites echantiilonnes ainsi que des specimens archeologiques eventuellement trouves a chacun de ces sites.

Echeancier: 2001/11/30

Rapport final : II s’agit de 1’ensemble des resultats obtenus. Cela comprend les donnees brutes, rnais aussi les conclusions qui seront formulees.

Table caption

Echeancier: 2001/12/31

Table caption

: is

Signature/fe I 1

/ ,

*gent emettettr"'< XA

^ jikh)ckX.

£>L

Stepharcllan< 1, garde en chef, int.

Conservation et mlse en valeur des ecosystemes

D f

Date

•

Signature du peranssionnaire

J’ai compris les conditions attenantes a ce permis. Je realise que f inobservation de ces conditions et/ou des reglernents en vigueur dans cette region pourrait eventuellement amener sa suspension, son annulation et le jrejet de toute nouvelle djiinande. de permis.

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bj/ CCiA uAs —- v\ J vM/i/j (yUcj

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JBerniissmmiaire

/ /

Date

4 ,

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