SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NUMBER 34 
New Records of Marine Algae 
from the 1974 R /V Dolphin Cruise 
to the Gulf of California 
James N. Norris 
and Xatina E. Bucher 
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS 
City of Washington 
1976 
ABSTRACT 
Norris, J. N., and K. E. Bucher. New Records of Marine Algae from the 1974 
R/V Dolphin Cruise to the Gulf of California. Smithsonian Contributions to 
Botany, number 34, 22 pages, 13 figures, 1976.4ix species of benthic marine 
algae (one Chlorophyta, two Phaeophyta, and three Rhodophyta) are newly 
reported from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Species of Halicystis, Sporochnus, 
Bonnemaisonia, Dudresnnya, and Sebdenia represent genera new to the Gulf, 
with the last being new to North America. The distribution of twelve other 
species is extended. Two new nomenclatural combinations, Dasya bailloziviana 
var. nudicaulus and Dasya baillouviana var. stanfordiana, are proposed. The 
morphological variation of some species is discussed. Spermatangia of Dudresnnya 
colombiana, and tetrasporangia and spermatangia of Kallymenia pertusa are re- 
ported and described for the first time. 
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstam ed in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded 
in the Institution?s annual report, Srnitisonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the 
katsura tree Cercidiphyllurn japonicurn Siebold and Zuccarini. 
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 
Norris, James N. 
New records of marine algae from the 1974 R/V Dolphin cruise to the Gulf of California. 
(Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 34) 
Bibliography: p. 
1. Marine algae-California, Gulf of. 2. R/V Dolphin (Ship) I. Bucher, Katina E., joint 
author. 11. Title 111. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to bot- 
any ; no. 34. 
QKI.S2747 no. 34 [QK571.9.C35] 581?.08s 76408077 [589?.39?261] 
Contents 
Introduction . . . . . , , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . 
CHLOROPHYTA ............................................. .. 
CAULERPALES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... 
.... DERBESIACEAE . . ........................... 
Halicystis ovalis (Lyngbye) Areschoug . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 
DICTYOTALES ................................... .......... 
DICTYOTACEAE . . . ............................ 
Okamura . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 
SPOROCHNALES ......................... ...,....._.......... 
PHAEOPHYTA . . . . . . . . .....,............ ....... 
Pachydictyon co 
SPOROCHNACEAE ............ ........................ 
Sporochnus bolleanus Mont . . . . . . . . . 
DESMARESTIALES . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . , . . ....................... 
DESMARESTIACEAE ............................. . ..... 
Desmarestia lig var. ligulata (Lightfoot) Lamouroux . . . . . . . 
Desmarestia viridis (0. F. Muller) Lamouroux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 
SCYTOSIPHONALES . . . . . . . . , , , , , . , , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . , . . . 
SCYTOSIPHONACEAE . . . , . . . . . . . ........................... 
Rosenvingea aff. sanctae-cr 
RHODOPHYTA ............................. ................ 
NEMALIALES .. .................................... , . . 
BONNEMAISONIACEAE . . . . , . , , , , , . . , . . . . . . , , . . . . . 
Asparagopsis taxiformis ( 
Bonnemaisonia hamifera 
CRYPTONEMIALES 
DUMONTIACEAE . . . , , , , , . , 
Dudresnaya colombiana T 
KALLYMENIACEAE ...........,..,............,......o.......... 
Kallymenia pertusa Setchell and Gardner . . . . 
Pugetia mexicana Dawson . . , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . . . , . , , , . , . . . . . . . . . . 
GIGARTINALES ..................................... 
NEMASTOMATACEAE ........................... . 
Predaea masonii (Setchell and Gardner) De Toni f. 
SEBDENIACEAE . , , ....................... 
Sebdenia polyda 
GRACILARIACEAE , ................................ 
Gracilaria tepocensis ( 
GICARTINACEAE ................................................ 
RHODYMENIALES .._..... ........................................ 
RHODYMENIACEAE .............................................. 
Botryocladia hancockii Dawson , , , , . . , , . . , , . , . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . , 
. . . . . . , . . . , . . , ......................... 
) Balakrishnan . . . . . . 
Dawson . . . . . . . 
Rhodoglossum hancockii Dawson . . . , . . . . . , . . _.......... 
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iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
Page 
CERAMIALES ............................................... 18 
CERAMIACEAE ........................... ................ 18 
Platythamnion pectinatum Kylin ........................... 18 
DASYACEAE .................................................. 19 
Dasya baillouviana var . nudicaulis (Dawson). new combination .... 19 
Dasya bailloziviana var . stanfordiana (Farlow). new combination . . 19 
Literature Cited .................................................. 20 
New Records of Marine Algae 
from the 1974 R/V Dolphin Cruise 
to the Gulf of California 
James N. Norris 
and Katina E. Bucher 
Introduction 
The marine flora of the Gulf of California is 
particularly interesting because it contains elements 
that are associated with tropical regions (species of 
Caulerpa and Padina, for example), as well as 
genera more commonly associated with temperate 
waters (Gigartina and Desmarestia). An opportunity 
to join a cruise of the R/V Dolphin from Scripps 
Institution of Oceanography to the northern Gulf 
in 1974 was therefore welcomed by the authors. 
The expedition enabled us to collect benthic ma- 
rine algae of Las Islas de la Cintura (Midriff Is- 
lands) and from the Gulf coast of Baja California 
del Norte. This paper provides new distributional 
records and new nomenclatural combinations in the 
marine algae resulting from these collections. 
The chief scientist of the cruise, Dr. William 
Fenical of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 
and his students were investigating the algae for 
unique natural products. In addition to our own 
studies, we identified and prepared herbarium 
vouchers of the algae used in their chemical studies. 
Their research was directed toward the halogen 
James N. Norris and Katina E. Bucher, Department of 
Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian 
Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560. 
containing compounds synthesized by some marine 
algae (Fenical, 1975). Plants recognized by thin 
layer chromatography as containing these com- 
pounds were collected, and dried for later extrac- 
tion and structural elucidation (Fenical, 1974; Feni- 
cal and J. Norris, 1975; and Howard and Fenical, 
1975). 
Oceanographic expeditions have contributed 
greatly to the knowledge of the Gulf of California?s 
marine flora (e.g., Setchell and Gardner, 1924a; 
Dawson, 1944, 1959, 1966b; J. Norris, 1972). An 
historical review of marine botanical exploration 
has been provided by J. Norris (1976). From 1941 to 
1966, Dr. E. Yale Dawson contributed the majority 
of information concerning the taxonomy and distri- 
bution of the Gulf?s marine algae. Currently a 
marine algal flora is being assembled by J. Norris 
for the northern Gulf as a result of studies con- 
ducted over several years. 
The ll-day cruise (19-30 April 1974) visited 
seven localities in Las Islas de la Cintura and vi- 
cinity. Cruise stations ranged from San Felipe (lat. 
31?02?30?; long. 144?48?50??) south to Isla San Este- 
ban (lat. 28?40?15?, long. 112?30?30??) (Figure 1). 
Most specimens were obtained subtidally by scuba 
diving and some by free diving. Others were col- 
lected intertidally during low tides. Where perti- 
nent, specimens obtained by us and others during 
1 
2 
32'- 
31'- 
30'. 
29'. 
28". 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
115' 114' 113' 112' 
FIGURE 1.-Northern Gulf of California, Mexico: Cruise stations of the R/V Dolphin. 
- 32" 
-31' 
- 30' 
- 29' 
- 28' 
NUMBER 34 3 
field work in Baja California and Sonora, from 
1972 to 1974, are also included in this study. 
Specimens studied are being deposited in the 
following herbaria: United States National Her- 
barium, Smithsonian Institution (US); Universidad 
Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (MEXU); Gilbert 
M. Smith Herbarium, Hopkins Marine Station, 
Stanford University (GMS); University of Washing- 
ton, Seattle (WTU); University of California, 
Berkeley (UC); University of Arizona, Tucson 
(ARIZ); University of Michigan (MICH); and Allan 
Hancock Foundation Herbarium, University of 
Southern California (AHFH). Abbreviations for 
J. N. Norris and Katina E. Bucher are given as JN 
and KB respectively. The collection numbers re- 
fer to the field notebooks of JN. Latitude and longi- 
tude of collecting localities are taken from U. S. 
Naval Oceanographic Office charts NO 21008, NO 
21181, and NO 21017. Gulf distribution data within 
the text is listed from north to south. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.-we are grateful to Dr. 
William Fenical (Chief Scientist) for the opportun- 
ity to participate in the cruise of R/V Dolphin. 
Thanks are also due the National Science Founda- 
tion for field travel expenses provided by Grant No. 
BMS 73-07000 A01 and No. BMS 75-13960 (for- 
merly NSF GB-38623), awarded to M. Neushul and 
J. Norris. Special appreciation is extended to Dr. 
Isabella A. Abbott, who has kindly examined most 
of the specimens studied and critically read the 
manuscript. Dr. Michael Neushul also read the 
manuscript, and his comments and continuing en- 
couragement are gratefully acknowledged. Our col- 
league, Dr. Harold Robinson, too, offered a critical 
reading of the paper providing us with thought- 
provoking discussions. Dr. George J. Hollenberg 
and Dr. William Randolph Taylor have examined 
the Sporochnus material and offered valuable com- 
ments. Our thanks to Dr. Richard E. Norris for 
studying the Pugetia and Kallymenia material. Dr. 
John Paul, Dr. William Fenical, Dr. Howard 
Sleeper, Dr. David Lindquist, George Boehlert, 
David Moore, Bruce Howard, Mark Helvey, and 
Ken Robertson assisted as diving partners and have 
shared their collections. Sr. Raphael Guerrero also 
provided material. Alice Tangerini has skillfully 
drawn the map, Finally we wish to thank Arhelia 
Gonzales, of the Shrimp Culture Facilities, Environ- 
mental Research Laboratory, Puerto Peiiasco, So- 
nora, for help in processing some of the algae, and 
Carl N. Hodges, director, for use of Laboratorio de 
Biologia RIarina, University of Arizona and Univer- 
sidad de Sonora, Puerto Peiiasco. 
CHLOROPHYTA 
CAULERPALES 
DERBESIACEAE 
Halicystis ovalis (Lyngbye) Areschoug 
FIGURE 2 
Halicystis ovalis (Ljngbye) Areschoug, 1850:447. 
This distinctive genus is new to the Gulf of 
California flora. The nearest previous collections 
of H. ovalis are from the Northern Pacific (Smith, 
1969). Gulf specimens were found growing epi- 
FIGURE 2.-Halicystis ovalis, epiphytic on Amphi. 
ron subcylindricu from Isla Willard UN-5732). 
4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
phytic on Amphiroa subcylindrica Dawson, inter- 
tidal to 4.6 m depth, at the northeast end of Isla 
Willard, Bahia San Luis Gonzaga (lat. 29O49?30??, 
long. 114?23?24??) 20 Apr 1974, JN-5732 (US, UC, 
RIEXU, ARIZ, AHFH), (leg. JN, KB, J. Paul, and 
K. Robertson). While our specimens agree well 
with H. ovalis from the Pacific coast of California 
(Hollenberg, 1935; Smith, 1944), they differ in 
habitat. In the Gulf of California they were dis- 
covered on an articulated coralline, while in Cali- 
fornia waters they have been reported only on 
crustose corallines. 
Kormann (1938) found Derbesia marina to be an 
alternate in the life history of H. ovalis, and Scagel 
(1961) grew a ?Derbesia-stage? from H. ovalis. Al- 
though Derbesia spp. (Dawson, 1966a) and Der- 
besia turbinata Howe et Hoyt (Dawson, 1966b) have 
been reported in the Gulf, it remains for future 
culture studies to establish whether either of these 
species are involved in the life history of the Gulf 
Ha 1 icy st is. 
PHAEOPHY TA 
DICTYOTALES 
DICTYOTACEAE 
Pachy dictyon coriaceum (Holmes) Okamura 
Pachydictyon coriaceum (Holmes) Okamura, 1899:39: 1936: 
165, fig. 84. 
Intertidal collections off the rocky northeast 
shore of Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda 
(lat. 29O32?30??, long. 113?32?23??) 23 Apr 1974, JN- 
5780 (US), (leg. Jh?), extend the known distribution 
of this alga northward from Bahia Agua Dulce, 
Isla Tiburon where it was collected by Dawson 
(1950). 
Additional specimens are from Punta La Gringa, 
Bahia de Los Angeles, 1-7.6 m depth, 28 Apr 1974, 
JN-5445 (US, UC, GhIS, AHFH, MEXU), (leg. 
JN and KB). It was abundant off the southeast end 
of Isla San Esteban, 1-4.6 m depth, 26 Apr 1974, 
JN-5522 (US, UC, ARIZ, MEXU, GMS); 3-7.6 m 
depth, 25 Apr 1974, Jh?-5544 (US, UC, ARIZ) and 
JN-5719 (US), (all three collections leg. JN and 
KB). 
SPOROCHNALES 
SPOROCHNACEAE 
Sporochnus bolleanus Montagne 
FIGURES 3, 4a,b 
Sporochnus bolleanus Montagne, 1856:393. 
A subtidal collection from 23 m depth, off Roca 
Blanca, in Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda 
(lat. 2g033?04??, long. 113O33?51??) 21 Apr 1974, JN- 
5264a & b (US), (leg. JN), is the first record of the 
occurrence of this genus in the Gulf of California. 
Previously S. bolleanus has been known in the 
Pacific from the west coast of Baja California 
(Dawson, Neushul, and IVildman, 1960), the Gala- 
pagos Islands (Taylor, 1945), and in the Atlantic 
from the Gulf of Mexico (Earle, 1969), Bermuda, 
Puerto Rico, and Brazil (Taylor, 1960). 
Sporochnus bolleanus is somewhat similar to 
S. pedunculatus but whereas the latter is delicate, 
slender, and smaller in size, S. bolleanus is a 
coarser plant, larger in dimensions throughout. Our 
specimens have intermediate vegetative measure- 
ments between s. bolleanus Montagne and S. 
pedunculatus (Hudson) C. Agardh (1820) as they 
were reported from the Gulf of Mexico (Taylor, 
1960; Earle, 1969). Earle (1969) has noted difficulty 
in separating S. pedunculatus and S. bolleanus in 
some material from the northeastern Gulf of Mex- 
ico. There some plants may have young branches 
resembling S. pedunculatus and mature branches 
with the characteristics of S. bolleanus. 
In specimens where the length of the deter- 
minate branchlets (pedicel, swollen fertile portion 
and tuft of hairs) are intermediate between these 
two species, the shape of the fertile part may be 
important in determining the species (Taylor, 
1960). The fertile part of the Gulf of California 
material is cylindrical and elongate (Figure 4a,b), 
conforming to the description of S. bolleanus, while 
the fertile parts of S. pedunculatus are shorter and 
rounded, tending toward spindle-shape (Taylor, 
1960:253, pl. 35: figs. 2-5; cf. Earle, 1969:190, figs. 
On the Pacific Coast of North America Sporoch- 
nus pedunculatus is recorded from Santa Catalina 
Island, off southern California, to Laguna Ojo 
89-92). 
NUMBER 14 
FIGURE %-Habit of Sporochnur bolleanus from Roca Blanca, Puerto Refugio UN-5264a). 
6 
FIGURE 4.-Sporoch77us boiieatzu~: u, portion of lower axis 
(JS-5264b) \vith larger branchlets which show the charac- 
teristic c) lindrical and elongated fertile portion below the 
tuft of hairs: b, detail of a smaller branchlet also exhibiting 
the characteristic elongated cjlindrical fertile portion (JS- 
5264a). 
de Liebre (Scammon?s Lagoon), Baja California 
(Abbott and Hollenberg, in press). 
DESMARESTIALES 
DESMARESTIACEAE 
Desmarestia ligulata var. ligulata 
Lamouroux 
(Lightfoot) 
Desmnrestia ligulata var. liguhta (Lightfoot) Lamouroux, 
1813:45, pl. 8: fig. 1. 
In studies on Desmavestia from the west coast 
of North America Chapman (1972a) placed D. 
mexicana Dawson (1944) from the Gulf of Califor- 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
nia in synonymy with D. ligulata var. ligulata. 
Furthermore in his concept of this species, Chapman 
also included Desmarestia mundn Setchell and 
Gardner (1924b), to which D. mexicana shows 
strong similarities. Previously D. rnexicana Dawson 
was known only from the type collection dredged 
at Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda. Now 
the range of this flattened species may be ex- 
tended south to the southern end of Isla Estanque 
(lat. 29?03?36?, long. 113O06?48?), from 10.7 m 
depth, 27 Apr 1974, JN-5514 (US, UC), (leg. JN 
and KB). 
Additional material was again collected at Puerto 
Refugio, off the west side of Roca Blanca, 23 m 
depth, 21 Apr 1974, JN-5283 (US, UC, ARIZ, 
MEXU, GMS, AHFH), (leg. JN). 
Desmarestia viridis (0. F. Muller) Lamouroux 
Destnarestia viridis (0. F. Muller) Lamouroux, 1813:45. 
As with other species of Desmavestia, Chapman 
(1972b) has circumscribed D. vi7 idzs, a common 
Atlantic species, to include specimens from a wider 
geographic range and exhibiting a greater morpho- 
logical variation than is usually described. 
Desmayestia filamcntosa Dawson (1944), known 
only from the tjpe-locality (Puerto Refugio) in the 
northern Gulf of California, was included by 
Chapman within the synonjmj of D. midis. The 
Gulf specimens are generally taller, wider in diam- 
eter and more lax than those known from the 
Monterey Peninsula, California (Smith, 1969) 
which is probably the center of distribution for 
this species on the Pacific coast. X specimen col- 
lected at the southeast side of Isla San Esteban (lat. 
28O40?15?, long. 112?30?30?), 3-7.6 m depth, 25 
Apr 1974, JN-5708 (UC), (leg. JN), represents the 
southernmost extension of the known range in the 
Gulf. 
Additional specimens enlarge the plant?s Gulf 
distribution: Isla illejia, 6.1 m depth, 23 Apr 1974, 
JN-5839 (AHFH) and JN-5679 (US), (leg. JN); 
Puerto Refugio, off west side of Roca Blanca, 20 m 
depth, 21 Apr 1974, JN-5271 (GMS, ARIZ), (leg. 
JN); Puerto Refugio, off small island, 10 m depth, 
21 Apr 1974, JN-5360 (LIEXU), (leg. JN); Punta 
la Gringa, Bahia de Los Angeles, 7.6 m depth, 28 
NUMBER 34 7 
Apr 1974, JN-5448 (US), (leg. JN) and 6.5 m depth, 
22 May 1972, JN-3042 (US), (leg. JN and G. 
Boehlert). 
SCY TOSIPHON ALES 
SCY TOSIPHONACEAE 
Rosenvingea aff. sanctae-crucis Boergesen 
FIGURE 5a,b 
Rosenvingea sanctae-crucis Boergesen, 1914:22, figs. 14-17.- 
Taylor 1960:263. 
Collections resembling R. sanctae-crucis establish 
another Rosenvingea species in the northern Gulf. 
Dawson (1944) previously reported R. intricata 
(J. Agardh) Boergesen (1914) in the Gulf (cf. Wynne 
and Norris, 1976). Another species, R. orientalis 
(J. Agardh) Boergesen (1914), apparently closely 
related to R. sanctae-crucis (Earle, 1969:ZlO-213), 
was noted by Dawson (1960) from the Pacific coast 
of Costa Rica. 
Rosenvingea sanctae-crucis as described by 
Boergesen (1914) and Taylor (1960) is sparsely and 
irregularly alternate or subdichotomously branched. 
Our specimens, however, are trichotomously or 
oppositely branched (Figure 5a,b). Gulf material 
is thicker in transection (cavity to cortex), 90-120 
pm and 4-5(-6) cell layers, while those of Boergesen 
and Taylor are 3-4 cell layers (thickness not given). 
A specimen, R. sanctae-crucis of Taylor and Rhyne 
(1970:8) from Dominica, West Indies (Stern and 
Wasshausen-27825 (US)) is similarly branched, but 
thinner in transection, 60 pm and 3-4 cell layers. 
Unfortunately the Gulf material is not fertile, and 
we are unable to make further comparisons. 
Northern Gulf of California collections are: 
Northwest of rock window on the shoreline of 
Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda (lat. 
29O32?15?, long. 113O34?12?), 9 m depth, 21 Apr 
1974, JN-5343 (US, MICH), (leg. JN and KB); 
Punts La Gringa, &hii de Los Angeles (lat. FIGURE 5.--Rosenvingea aff. sanctae-crucis, habit of two plants 
29001!54/t, long. 113032?00~), 9 depth, 28 from Punta La Gringa, Bahia de Los Angeles, showing the 
predominate trichotomous branching: a, plant of wide diam- 
1974y JN-5471 (us? 
eter with long intervals between branches (JN-5471); b, 
and KB)j and 7 m depth, 22 
portion of a smaller diameter plant, with shorter intervals 
(US, GMS, MICH), (leg. JN and G. Boehlert). and congested branches (JN-3042). 
AHFH? GMS)? (leg? JN 
l972, JN-3042 
8 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
RHODOPHYTA 
NEMALIALES 
BONNEM AISONIACEAE 
Asparagopsis taxif ormis (Delile) Trevisan 
Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trek isan, 1845345 
Widespread in tropical waters, this species had 
previously been encountered in the Gulf from Bahia 
Tepoca to Punta Frailes (Dawson, 1953). Recent 
material extends the known distribution in the 
Gulf. Collections at Rocas Consag (lat. 31?06?54?, 
long. 114?29?00?), 7.6 m depth, 2 Jun 1972, JN-3113 
(US, GMS, UC), (leg. D. Lindquist) extend the 
range northward, and specimens from Cabeza 
Ballena (lat. 22O53?12?, long. 109?50?30?), 3.3-4.5 
m depth, 2 Jan 1973, JN-4090 (US, GMS) and 
JN-4121 (US, UC), (leg. JN, KB, and H. Sleeper) 
represent a slight southward extension. 
Further R/V Dolphin collections within this ex- 
tended range include: Punta Tliillard, Bahia San 
Luis Gonzaga, 3.3 m depth, 20 Apr 1974, JN-5401 
(US, UC, GMS), (leg. JN and KB); east end of Isla 
Mejia, 15 m depth, 23 Apr 1974, JN-5675 (US), 
(leg. JN); off west side of Roca Blanca, Puerto 
Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda, 9 m depth, 21 
Apr 1974, JN-5296 (US), (leg. JN, J. Paul and K. 
Robertson); south end of Isla Estanque, 6.1 m 
depth, 27 Apr 1974, JN-5485 (US, UC), (leg. JN and 
KB); and Punta La Gringa, Bahia de Los Angeles, 
7.6 m depth, 28 Apr 1974, JN-5474 (US), (leg. JN 
and KB). 
Abbott and Williamson (1974) have noted that 
this species is the favorite edible seaweed of the 
Hawaiians. In the Gulf this plant has been found 
to contain some interesting polyhaloketones 
(Fenical, 1974). 
Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot 
FIGURE 6a 
Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot, 1891 :223. 
New to the Gulf of California, this species was 
often found entangled on Sargassum by means of 
its distinctive hooklike tendrils, though also occur- 
ring on other substrates. \Ye found material from 
the west side of Roca Blanca, Puerto Refugio, 
(lat. 29O33?04?, long. 113O33?51??) 22 Apr 1974, 
JN-5802 (GMS) and JN-5284 (US, MEXU), (leg. 
JN) south to Isla Estanque, (lat. 29O03?36?, long. 
113?06?48?) 27 Apr 1974, JN-5579 (ARIZ), (leg. 
JN and KB). 
Numerous additional collections were made at 
the following localities: off small island, Puerto 
Refugio, 4.5-9 m depth, 21 Apr 1974, JN-5361v 
(US, GMS, UC, ARIZ), (leg. JN and KB); north- 
east shore of Puerto Refugio, intertidal, 23 Apr 
1974, JN-5740 (GMS, AHFH) and JN-5773 (UC), 
(leg. JN and KB); northwest of rock window on 
shore, Puerto Refugio, 21 Apr 1974, JN-5315 (US), 
(leg. JN and KB); Punta la Gringa, Bahia de Los 
Angeles, 28 Apr 1974, JN-5438 (US, UC), (leg. JN 
and KB); Isla La Ventana, Bahia de Los Angeles, 
15.3-24.6 m depth, May 1972, JN-2989 ? (US), (leg. 
JN and G. Boehlert). 
Fertile plants, originally described from Japan 
(Hariot, 1891), were previously unknown in hfexi- 
can collections (Dawson, 1953). Cystocarps observed 
on JN-536 1 and JN-2989 were ellipsoid, surrounded 
by an ostiolate pericarp, and borne on a short pedi- 
cel. The mature cystocarps were 400 pm wide, and 
520 pm in height, agreeing with those described by 
Chihara (1961) for Japanese plants. In the Gulf 
this species appears to be found only during spring 
months. Dawson (1961b) recorded this alga from 
Santa Rosa Island, off southern California, to 
Punta San Quintin, Baja California del Norte. A 
single earlier collection from Puerto Refugio, iden- 
tified as Acrosymphyton caribaeum (Norris, 1972: 10, 
pl. 2), is now recognized to be Bonnemaisonia 
hamifera. The alternate phase in the life history 
of this species, Trailliella intricata, has not been 
found in the Gulf. 
CRYPTONEMIALES 
DUMONTIACEAE 
Dudresnay a colombiana Taylor 
FIGURES 7a-c,8a,b 
Dudresnaya colombiana Taylor, 1945: 162. 
This soft, gelatinous species was encountered 
subtidally at two cruise localities, adding another 
genus to the Gulf of California flora. 
NUMBER 54 
FIGURE &-Habits: a, Bonnemaisonia hamifera from Roca Blanca, Puerto Refugio (JN-5802); 
b, Botryocladia hancockii collected off Isla Mejia, Puerto Refugio (JN-5685); c, Predaea masonii 
from Roca Blanca, Puerto Refugio (JN-5295), showing the deeply divided blade. 
9 
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
FIGURE 7.-Dudresnaya colombiana showing variation in branching: a, large specimen from 
Isla Mejia (JN-5680) branching of 1-2 orders and mostly from the lower portion of the thallus; 
b, c, smaller plants collected off Isla Estanque (JN-5480) with more numerous branches. 
NUMBER 34 
11 
The Gulf plants are translucent pink to rose in 
color, with fronds variously branched above a 
single, short stipe. Branching in the largest speci- 
mens (Figure 7a) is mostly from the lower portion 
of the thallus and of 1-2 orders. Other, shorter 
thalli (Figure 7b,c) are branched 2-4 times from 
the main axis, with the branches becoming pro- 
gressively smaller in diameter upward, and the 
ultimate branchlets shorter with acute apices. 
Internally the axial filaments range from (5-)7 to 
12(-21) pm diameter, and to 45-70 pm diameter in 
broader older portions. Slender (to 2 pm diameter) 
rhizoidal filaments from basal cells of laterals, are 
loosely woven throughout. The filaments of the 
laterals branch dichotomously and taper slightly 
toward the outer surface. Cells of these branches 
are more or less cylindrical, becoming shorter and 
oval at the apices, with the ultimate cells 5-8 pm 
long and up to 4 pm in diameter. 
The material studied is dioecious. The auxiliary 
cell branch is a single series of 8-17 rounded cells. 
Cystocarps are subspherical, 120-180 pm diameter, 
and borne on the auxiliary cell, usually the third 
cell from the proximal end (Figure 8a). Sperma- 
tangial plants, previously unknown, were also col- 
lected. Spermatia are clustered terminally on the 
lateral filaments of these plants (Figure 8b). 
FIGURE 8.-Dudresnaya colombiana from Isla Estanque (JN- 
5480 9 ; 8 ): a, intercalary position of cystocarp borne on the 
auxiliary cell; b, spermatia clustered terminally on the end 
of the lateral filament. 
Our plants generally agree with Taylor?s descrip- 
tion of D. colombiana but with some differences in 
size and branching. The original description was 
based on fragments, up to 5 cm tall, with fronds 
to 6 mm wide (Taylor, 1945). The Gulf specimens 
are entire, from 7 cm (JN-5480) to 14 cm (JN-5680) 
tall with fronds 3-5(-10) mm in diameter. The 
axial filaments of the type specimen were 12-16(-20) 
pm agreeing with most Gulf material. Gulf thalli of 
wide diameter had larger axial filaments measuring 
45-70 pm diameter. The Colombian specimens 
branch to three orders, while a few of the Gulf 
specimens branch to four orders. 
The plants were found growing subtidally at the 
east end of Isla Mejia (lat. 29?33?35??, long. 
113O34?52?), 15.1-22.7 m depth, 23 Apr 1974, JN- 
5680 (US, UC), (leg. JN) and at the south end of 
Isla Estanque (lat. 29O03?36??, long. 113OO6?48??), 
9-10.6 m depth, 27 Apr 1974, JN-5480 (US, MEXU, 
ARIZ, UC, GMS, AHFH), (leg. JN and KB). The 
type-locality of D. colombiana is Isla Gorgona, 
Colombia (Taylor, 1945: 162), where it was collected 
intertidally (Taylor, 1945: 18). An additional record 
of this species has been reported by Mower and 
Widdowson (1969) from 6 m depth off Santa 
Catalina Island, southern California. 
KALLY MEN1 ACEAE 
Kallymenia pertusa Setchell and Gardner 
FIGURE 9 
Kallymenia pertusa Setchell and Gardner, 1924a:746. 
Subtidal collections from 18.4-23 m depths, off 
the east end of Isla Mejia (lat. 29O33?35?, long. 
113O34?52?) 23 Apr 1974, JN-5667 (US, WTU, UC, 
MEXU, AHFH, GMS, ARIZ), (leg. JN, J. Paul, and 
K. Robertson), now extend the range of this per- 
forated foliose alga northward from Punta La 
Gringa, Bahia de Los Angeles (R. Norris and J. 
Norris, 1973). The R/V Dolphin material reveals 
this endemic alga to be more common than previ- 
ously believed. Numerous and luxuriant specimens 
were found growing on rocks at Isla Mejia. Fertile 
cystocarpic plants were uncommon among these 
collections. 
The generic position of this taxon was uncertain 
(Setchell and Gardner, 1924a) until it was clarified 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
FIGURE 9.-Tetrasporangial plant of Kallymenia pertusa from Isla Mejia UN-5667). 
NUMBER 34 
by R. E. Norris and J. N. Norris (1973) on the basis 
of cystocarpic material. Tetrasporic plants were 
found among the recent collections (JN-56670). 
The tetrasporangia are cruciately divided, 24-30 
pm long and 16-22 pm wide, embedded within the 
cortex and scattered over the thallus surface. Sper- 
matangial plants were also found. One or two 
spermatangia, 2.5-5.0 pm diameter, are developed 
from each small outer cortical cell (JN-5667d) 
(R. E. Norris, pers. comm.). 
Though sporadic in distribution, the species can 
be abundant where found. It was particularly com- 
mon at 20-23 m depths off Isla Mejia and Roca 
Blanca, Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda. 
Field observations suggest that the plant develops 
subtidally, attached to rocks and large pieces of 
shell. Large plants can become abraded and de- 
tached, possibly due to grazing or prevailing cur- 
rents. The drifting plants and fragments become 
entangled with other algae, often at shallower 
levels (5-15m), and appear to continue to grow 
there. Such entangled specimens were found at 
6.14 m depth, off Punta La Gringa, Bahia de Los 
Angeles, 28 Apr 1974, JN-5449 (US), (leg. JN and 
KB) and off the southeast end of Isla San Esteban, 
6.1-9 m depths, 25 Apr 1974, JN-5727 (US) and 
JN-5538 (WTU, ARIZ, UC, US), (both leg. JN). 
Pugetia mexicana Dawson 
FIGURE 10 
Puget ia mex icana Daivson, 1966b: 62, 
This species was previously known only from a 
few collections (Dawson, 196613; J. Norris, 1972). 
Numerous richly developed specimens, however, 
were collected during the cruise. Whereas Dawson?s 
material was 4-6 cm in height, our specimens 
measured as much as 20 cm tall and 35 cm wide. 
The branching pattern of both is similar. The 
blades are deeply divided and subdichotomous to 
irregularly lobed in the upper portions; the apices 
are round. R. E. Norris (pers. comm.) has found the 
FIGURE 10.-An exceptionally large cystocarpic specimen of Pugetia mexicana from Isla Mejfa 
(JN-5672). 
14 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
female reproductive systems of both sized plants to 
be the same. Until more studies can be made on 
fresh material, it seems best to regard large and 
small specimens as conspecific. 
The collections at Isla Mejia (lat. 29O33?35?, 
long. 113?4?52??), 15.1-22.7 m depth, 23 Apr 1974, 
JN-5668 (MEXU, ARIZ, WTU, US, UC) and JN- 
5672 (TVTU, US, MEXU, ARIZ, GMS, AHFH), 
(leg. JN) extend the known distribution northward 
from Isla San Lorenzo del Sur (Dawson, 196613). 
This species was also collected from the following 
cruise localities: off the west side of Roca Blanca, 
Puerto Refugio, 9-22 m depth, 21 Apr 1974, JN- 
5281 (US) and JN-5303 (AHFH), (leg. JN, J. Paul, 
and K. Robertson); off small islet, Puerto Refugio, 
21 Apr 1974, JN-5362 (US, UC), (leg. JN); north- 
west of rock window on shore, Puerto Refugio, 22 
Apr 1974, JN-5816 (US, UC), (leg. JN and KB); 
south end of Isla Estanque, 1-10.6 m depth, 27 Apr 
1974, JN-5500 (US), (leg. JN and KB); Punta La 
Gringa, Bahia de Los Angeles, 1-7.6 m depth, 28 
Apr 1974, JN-5427 (US, UC, AHFH), (leg. JN and 
KB); southeast end of Isla San Esteban, 4.5 m depth, 
26 Apr 1974, JN-5516 (US) and JN-5517 (UC), (leg. 
KB). 
GIGARTINALES 
NEMASTOMATACEAE 
Predaea rnasonii (Setchell and Gardner) De Toni f. 
FIGURE 6c 
Predaeo rrrcrwnu (5etchell and Gardner) De Toni f., 1936:[5]. 
The species was previously known from the 
southern Gulf of California (Dawson, 1961a). Xfa- 
terial recently collected from the north side of 
Puerto Calamajue (lat. 29?42?12?, long. 114?10?00??), 
10 m depth, 28 Mar 1973, JN-4699 (US), (leg. JN 
and KB) now adds this alga to the northern Gulf?s 
flora. 
Other northern Gulf collections include: off the 
west side of Roca Blanca, Puerto Refugio, Isla 
Angel de la Guarda, 22.7 m depth, 21 Apr 1974, JN- 
5295 (US), (leg. JN); northwest of rock window on 
shore, Puerto Kefugio, 9 ni depth, 21 Apr 1974, 
JN-5300 (US), JN-5335 (UC), JN-5347 (GMS), (leg. 
JN) and epiphytic on worm tube, JN-5308 (US), 
(leg. JN and KB); south end of Isla Estanque, 
10.6 m depth, 27 Apr 1974, JN-5607 (US), JN-5509 
(US), JN-5510 (US) and JN-5511 (US), (leg. JN 
and KB); Islas de 10s Gemelos, Bahia de Los An- 
geles, 21 May 1972, JN-3006a (US, NCU), (leg. JN 
and G. Boehlert). 
Though we have not seen the type specimen 
(from Isla Clarion, Revilla Gigedo Arch ipielago), 
Setchell and Gardner described Clarionea rnasonii 
as a ?single rather shapeless mass of jelly? (1930: 
175). A few of our specimens resemble this form, 
however, the majority are lobed, similar to those 
of Dawson (1961a). Most of the present material 
differs from those previously described by Dawsoii 
(1961a) in being deeply divided (Figure 6c). 
SEBDENI ACEAE 
Sebdenia polydactyla (Boergesen) Balakrishnan 
FIGURES lla-c, 12a-c 
Sebde~iin polydnctyfn (Boergesen) Balakrishnan, 1960:89. 
New to the Gulf of California, this alga was 
discovered during scuba surveys off Islas de 10s 
Gemelos, Bahia de Los Angeles, 24.6 m depth, 21 
May 1972, JN-3007 (US, NCU), (leg. JN and G. 
Boehlert). This is the first record of the occurrence 
of this genus on the west coast of North America. 
Plants from the Gulf of California are subcylin- 
drical, dichotomously branched fronds, to 21 cm 
tall. They are rose-red to dark purple-red in color, 
elastic and tough in texture. Branching is repeatedly 
dichotomous (or sometimes irregularly dichotomous 
in older, grazed or damaged fronds); small marginal 
proliferations are rarely present. The first frond 
division is 2.5-4.0 cm above a 24 mm broad discoid 
holdfast. Branch intervals between successive dichot- 
omies vary from 1.3 to 3.5 cm; branch width is 
0.5-1.1 cm, but occasionally 1.6 (2.3) cm broad 
below the forks. Branch apices are blunt or broadly 
rounded. 
Internally the thallus is organized into a wide 
medulla of stellate cells and filaments, and a narrow 
cortex of 4-5(-7) cells. The outer cortex is com- 
posed of small pigmented cells, 3-6 ,um diameter 
and 3.0-12.5 pm long. These grade into the larger 
and more loosely arranged subcortical cells, 20-30 
pm diameter. In the outer medulla the stellate cells 
NUMBER 34 
15 
FIGURE 11.-Sebdenia Polydactyla showing different growth forms: a, from Isla la Ventana, 
Bahia de Los Angeles (JN-44300) rose-red in color with blunt apices; b, portion of a cysto- 
carpic plant (JN-44300); c, collected at Isla Mejia (JN-5671) dark purple-red in color with 
broadly rounded apices. 
are closely placed and markedly ganglioid. The 
center of these cells is 12-23 pm diameter, with 
short rays to 30 pm long. Toward the inner medulla 
the stellate cells are more loosely arranged, the 
center 18-40 pm diameter, and the rays becoming 
progressively longer, 130-180(-300) pm in length 
and 5-20 pm diameter. Filaments, 3-10 pm di- 
ameter, are irregularly placed throughout the me- 
dulla. Densely staining ?gland cells?, 5-12.5 pm 
diameter, 7.5-20 pm long, are occasionally present 
on the center and rays of the stellate cells, as well 
as the filaments. 
Tetrasporangia are cruciately divided, spherical 
to vertically elongated, (13-)I8 pm wide, 20(-31) 
pm long, and borne in the cortex. 
Dioecious in the Gulf of California, cystocarpic 
plants were collected at 7.6-18 m depth, Isla la 
Ventana, Bahia de Los Angeles, 27 Ju1 1973, JN- 
44309 (GMS, US, UC), (leg. JN, M. Helvey and 
H. Sleeper). Cystocarps are scattered over the mid- 
dle portions of the thallus. They are 180-310 pm 
in diameter and immersed within the cortex. The 
ostiole is slightly projecting beyond the thallus 
surface, but is not always readily visible in dried 
material. In transection, cystocarps (Figure 12b,c) 
are enclosed by vertical rows of from 5 to 7 cortical 
cells; the basal portion shows large, dense, irreg- 
ularly shaped cells, staining deeply with aniline 
blue. These appear to be fusion cells. 
Sebdenia polydactyla is known from widespread 
geographical areas. Described originally as Haly- 
menia polydactyla (Boergesen, 1932) from India, it 
is also reported under this name in Japan (Yamada, 
1938; Segawa, 1968) and more recently from North 
Carolina, (Schneider and Searles, 1975). In his 
studies of monoecious material from the type- 
locality Balakrishnan (1960, 1961) concluded that 
H. polydactyla should be placed in Sebdenia. The 
major difference between Sebdenia (Gigartinales) 
and Halymenia (Cryptonemiales) is found in the 
female reproductive system. Ampullae present in 
Halymenia are lacking in Sebdenia. Other impor- 
tant differences in Sebdenia include the develop- 
ment of the outer cortical cells into an arched wall 
above the cystocarp, and the presence below of nu- 
tritive tissue (dense fusion cells) (Balakrishnan, 
16 
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
FIGURE 12.-Transections of Sebdenia polydactyla: a, through the cortical and medullary 
layers, showing the deeply stained ?gland cell? on the large stellate cell of the inner medulla 
(JN-33980); b, through a mature cystocarp with ostiole, showing the arched wall composed 
of anticlinal rows of cortical cells (JN-44309); c, through a developing cystocarp, showing the 
densely stained basal fusion (nutritive) cells (JN-4430 9 ). 
1961). These features are found in H. polydactyla 
and on this basis Balakrishnan (1960) transferred it 
to the genus Sebdenia in the Sebdeniaceae Kylin 
(1932; 1956). 
Sebdenia polydactyla is externally similar to 
Halymenia agardhii De Toni (1905). It differs 
vegetatively by the presence of ?gland cells?? and by 
its more rigid texture (Boergesen, 1932: 123; Bala- 
krishnan, 1961). Balakrishnan (1961:205) has sug- 
gested that the dense ?gland cells? of Boergesen 
are rhizoid initials. The stellate cells (Figure 12a) 
of S. polydactyla are larger, more numerous, and 
coarser, creating a denser medulla than those of 
H. agardhii. 
In other geographic areas color differences have 
been considered useful in distinguishing the vege- 
tatively similar H. agardhii, rose in color, from S. 
polydactyla ( = H. polydactyla), a darker purple- 
red (Boergesen, 1932; Segawa, 1968; Srinivasan, 
1969; Schneider and Searles, 1975). However, our 
NUMBER 34 
17 
specimens of S. polydactyla varied from a light 
rose-red to a deep purple-red; hence, color differ- 
ences seem of little value in the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia. Schneider and Searles (1975) have noted 
what may be another useful characteristic for dis- 
tinguishing between these two. In their North 
Carolina collections the manner of branching was 
effective in separating these species. Halymenia 
agardhii branched in more than one plane while 
they did not observe this in S. polydactyla (as H. 
polydacty la). 
Since these two species, S. polydactyla and H. 
agardhii, are close in appearance, re-examination 
of the latter record from the Pacific coast seemed 
in order. Halymenia agardhii (Taylor, 1945; Daw- 
son, 1954) from Isla Maria Magdalena, of Las Mas 
Tres Marias, off Nayarit, Mexico (W. R. Taylor 
39-646a, (US)), dredged from 21.5 m depth on 9 
May 1939, was found to be the same as the Gulf 
material and on the basis of its dense medulla with 
large stellate cells and ?gland cells? we referred it to 
Sebdenia polydnctyla. Material from Isla Asuncibn, 
Pacific Baja California, 8-12 m depth, Dawson 
20389 (US), (leg. M. Neushul), 25 Aug 1957, having 
similar anatomy, is also now referred to S. polydac- 
tyla. 
This species has been collected throughout the 
Gulf of California, from Punta Pinto, vicinity of 
Puerto Penasco (lat. 31 020?0??, long. 113?40?04??), 
9 m depth, 17 Mar 1974, JN-5032 (US), (leg. JN, 
KB and D. Moore) to Caleta Santa Maria, north- 
east of Cab0 San Lucas (lat. 23OO4?36??, long. 
109O36?40??), 9 m depth, 11 Aug 1972, JN-3398 (US, 
UC), (leg. D. Lindquist). 
Additional collections include: Las Islas de la 
Cintura: 15.3-23.0 m depth, off east end of Isla 
Mejia, 23 Apr 1974, JN-5671 (US, UC, ARIZ), 
(leg. JN); 10.7 m depth, off south end of Isla Es- 
tanque, 27 Apr 1974, JN-5490 (US), (leg. JN and 
KB); 3-7.6 m depth, off southeast end of Isla San 
Esteban, 25 Apr 1974, JN-5550 (US, AHFH), (leg. 
Presently the known range of S. polydactyla on 
the West coast of North America is from central 
Pacific Baja California to Nayarit, Pacific Mexico, 
and throughout the Gulf of California. Halymenia 
agardhii is, for now, excluded from the flora of 
this area. 
JN). 
GRACILARI ACE AE 
Gracilaria tepocensis (Dawson) Dawson 
Gracilaria tepocensis (Dawson) Dawson, 1961a:211. 
Gulf collections of this species have been known 
only from dredged material (Dawson, 1944; 1961a), 
from Bahia Tepoca and Isla Estanque. A third 
collection has been reported from Agiabampo, SO- 
nora (Dawson, 1966b). Total distribution includes 
Costa Rica (Dawson, 1961a) and Peru (Acleto, 
1973). The species is now recorded for the first 
time from Las Islas de la Cintura. 
Our diving surveys have revealed additional 
specimens and habitat information: Puerto Re- 
fugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda off small islet 4.5- 
10.7 m depth, JN-5356 (US), and NW of the rock 
window on shore, 6-9 m depth, JN-5336a (US, UC, 
ARIZ, AHFH), both 21 Apr 1974 (leg. JN and KB); 
and from the south end of Isla Estanque, shallow 
subtidal to 9 m depth, 27 Apr 1974, JN-5605 (US, 
UC), (leg. JN and KB). Our field observations 
make Dawson?s (1961a) dredged depth of 372 ft 
(114 m) a dubious habitat for attached intact 
plants. 
The recent specimens agree with Dawson?s de- 
scription (1961a), but they are larger in size. His 
plants were 5-13 cm tall, mostly 2-3 mm wide, 
and branched at remote intervals of up to 4.5 cm 
apart. Present collections (JN-5336a) are up to 
25.5 cm tall, mostly 2-3 mm wide, but up to 5.5 
mm wide, and branched at intervals of up to 6 cm. 
GIGARTINACEAE 
Rhodoglossum hancockii Dawson 
FIGURE 13 
Rhodoglossurn hancockii Dawson, 1944: 304. 
The second known collection from the type- 
locality, Isla San Esteban, was made at a 3-7.6 m 
depth, 25 Apr 1974, JN-5563 3 (US), (leg. JN). This 
material closely resembles the type collection of 
Dawson (1944, pl. 71: fig. 1; 1961a). Rhodoglossum 
is a genus more commonly associated with tem- 
perate seas, and, in the Gulf, R. hancockii is appar- 
ently restricted to the cooler waters of Las Islas de 
la Cintura. 
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 
RHODYMENIALES 
RHODYMENIACEAE 
Botryocladia hancockii Dawson 
FIGURE 6b 
Botryocladia hancockii Dawon, 1944:305. 
Originally described from Bahia Agua Verde, 
in the southern Gulf of California (Dawson, 1944), 
two additional collections from Bahia Salinas, Isla 
Carmen and Punta Frailes, both in the southern 
Gulf, were later reported by Dawson (1963a). The 
known distribution may now be extended north- 
ward to Isla Mejia, Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de 
la Guarda (lat. 29?33?35??, long. l13?4?52??), 18.4 
m depth, 23 Apr 1974, JN-56850 (US, AHFH, 
ARIZ), (leg. JN). Other specimens were found at 
the south end of Isla Estanque, 10.7 m depth, 27 
Apr 1974, JN-5600 (US, UC), (leg. JN), and Isla 
Espiritu Santo, 8 Mar 1974, (9 : GMS), (leg. Rafael 
Guerrero, I. A. Abbott, pers. comm.). 
First described as up to 3.4 cm high (Dawson, 
1944), the size of this species was enlarged to 5 cm 
or more on additional specimens (Dawson, 1963a). 
Both plants, JN-5685 and JN-5600, are larger than 
earlier collections, 15 cm (profusely speckled with 
FIGURE 13.-Rhodoglossun~ hancockii: Cystocarpic thallus cystocarps) and 12 cm, respectively. This is an ex- 
traordinary species of Botyyocladia, bearing the 
largest recorded vesicles in the genus (Figure 6b). 
from the type-locality, Isla San Esteban (JN-5563). 
Another specimen from Isla San Pedro Nolasco 
was referred to this species by Dawson (1959). Our 
examination of this plant (Dawson 18553 (US), 25 
Apr 1958) has led us to conclude 
it is not R. 
hancockii. It appears to be closely related to the 
CERAMIALES 
CERAMI ACEAE 
Platythamnion pectinatum Kylin 
R. afine (Harvey) Kylin (1928) complex of the 
Pacific coast (see Dawson, 1961a; Smith, 1969). The 
San Pedro Nolasco specimen differs from R. han- 
cockii by its small size, 4-5 cm tall, and narrow 
straplike fronds, (1-)2-3(-5) mm wide, which have 
subacute to blunt tips. New Gulf material is in close 
agreement with R. hancockii, a species with broadly 
expanded blades arising from a very short stipe, to 
20 cm tall and 5-8(12) cm wide, having dichotomous 
divisions that narrow in the uppermost portions 
to acute tips. An additional collection is recorded 
from the south side of Isla Patos (Dawson, 1949). 
Platy th am n ion pect inatu rn Kyl in, 1925 : 5 3. 
Several collections of this alga represent a north- 
ward extension of the known range from Isla San 
Lorenzo del Norte (Dawson, 1966b). Specimens 
were collected from the following cruise localities: 
off the east end of Isla Mejia, Puerto Refugio, Isla 
Angel de la Guarda (lat. 29O33?35?, long. 113O34? 
52?), 15.3-23 m depth, 23 Apr 1974, JN-5697 (US) 
and JN-5698 (US), (leg. JN); off the west side of 
Roca Blanca, Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la 
Guarda, 23 m depth entangled with Sporochnus, 
NUMBER 34 
19 
21 Apr 1974, JN-5263 (US), (leg. JN), and JN-5289 
(US), epiphytic on Dasya (leg. JN); and off the 
south end of Isla Estanque, 10.7 m depth, 27 Apr 
1974, JN-5522 (US), epiphytic on Sebdenia poly- 
dactyla (leg. JN and KB). One additional Gulf 
collection has been reported from Cab0 San Lucas, 
Baja California del Sur (Dawson, 1962; Wollaston, 
1972). 
DASYACEAE 
Dasya baillouviana var. nudicaulis 
(Dawson), new combination 
Dasya pedicellata var. nudicaulis Dawson, 1963b:406, pl. 128: 
fig. 1; pl. 131: fig. 6. 
Dixon and Irvine (1970) have shown that an 
earlier name for Dasya pedicellata (C. Agardh) C. 
Agardh (1824) is D. baillouviana (Gmelin) Mont- 
agne (1841). Accordingly new combinations are 
proposed for the two varieties of this species which 
occur in the Gulf of California. 
This variety was originally recognized by Dawson 
(1963b) as differing from var. stanfordiana by its 
nearly barren axis and sparse determinate lateral 
branches (filaments). He suggested this might be a 
deep water modification. Dixon and Irvine (1970) 
noted D. baillouviana, known from the Mediter- 
ranean and Atlantic Coast of North America, varys 
markedly in appearance seasonally. In spring and 
early summer the axes are densely covered with 
determinate lateral filaments, and in the autumn 
these filaments drop leaving the axes naked. Dur- 
ing our April diving we found the two Gulf varie- 
ties growing sympatrically, however, the Gulf plants 
could have similar seasonal variation of habit. It 
seems best to continue to recognize the two varie- 
ties within the Gulf until their seasonal variation 
has been studied. 
R/V Dolphin specimens of this species generally 
agree with Dawson?s description (1963b) differing 
only in a few dimensions. The determinate laterals 
are much longer, up to 960 pm (previously noted 
to 500 pm), and our plants can be taller, to 38 cm 
long, as compared to the 20 cm plants described by 
Dawson. 
The material studied, representing a northern 
extension of known range, was collected at 15.3- 
21.5 m depths, off the west side of Roca Blanca, 
Puerto Refugio, Isla Angel de la Guarda (lat. 
29O33?04?, long. 1 13033?51N) 27 Apr 1974, JN-5800 
(US), (leg. JN). Previously this alga was known 
from Bahia de Los Angeles and from Puerto Escon- 
dido in the southern Gulf (Dawson, 1963b). 
Dasya baillouviana var. stanfordiana 
(Farlow), new combination 
Dasya stanfordiana Farlow, 1902:94. 
Day pedicellata var. stanfordiana (Farlow) Dawson, 1963b: 
407, pl. 128: fig. 3: pl. 130 [including cited synonymy]. 
This alga has been known from numerous local- 
ities in the Gulf of California (Dawson, 196313). Its 
known range is now expanded northward by a col- 
lection at Playa Hermosa, Puerto Penasco (lat. 
31?17?42??, long. 113?4?48??), epiphytic on Galax- 
azm, intertidal, 7 Sep 1972, JN-3492 (US), (leg. JN 
and KB) and southward by the collection at Caleta 
Santa Maria, NE. of Cab0 San Lucas, Baja Cali- 
fornia del Sur (lat. 23O04?36?!, long. 109036?40N), 
epiphytic on Digenia simplex, 4.5-9 m depth, 11 
Aug 1972, JN-3409b (US), (leg. D. Lindquist). 
The R/V Dolphin specimens add these additional 
new localities: Punta La Gringa, Bahia de Los 
Angeles, 7.6 m depth, 28 Apr 1974, JN-5441 (US, 
UC), JN-5432 (UC, AHFH), and JN-5475 (US), 
(leg. JN, KB, J. Paul, and K. Robertson); east end 
of Isla Mejia, 15.3-21.5 m depth, 23 Apr 1974, JN- 
5673 (ARIZ, US), (leg. JN); and the south end 
of Isla Estanque, 10.7 m depth, 27 Apr 1974, JN- 
5503 (MEXU), and JN-5603 (US), (leg. JN and 
KB). (Dawson 1963 lists other localities.) 
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