SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

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In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.

Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover.

S. Dillon Ripley

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 278

A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History

Clyde F. E. Roper and Michael J. Sweeney

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1978

ABSTRACT

Roper, Clyde F. E., and Michael J. Sweeney. A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 278, 19 pages, 1978.—The catalog of the type-specimens of Recent Cephalopoda deposited in the National Museum of Natural History consists of 142 nominal species in 65 nominal genera. Publication and collection data are summarized for all species. Indices for taxa and authors are included.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATIC DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Roper, Clyde F E 1937–

A catalog of the type-specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 278)

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

Supt. of Docs. No.: SI 1.27:278

1. Cephalopoda—Catalogs and collections. 2. Type specimens (Natural history) 3. Mollusks—Catalogs and collections. 4. National Museum of Natural History. I. Sweeney, Michael J., 1945–joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 278.

QL1.S54 no. 278 [QL430.2] 591′.08s 78–606021 [594′.5′0740153]

Contents

Introduction

Catalog

Appendix

List of Species Arranged by Genera

List of Authors of Taxa

Literature Cited

Requirements for Smithsonian Series Publication

A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History

Clyde F. E. Roper and Michael J. Sweeney

____________

Clyde F. E. Roper and Michael J. Sweeney. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560.

Introduction

The collections of Recent cephalopods in the Division of Mollusks, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, at the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) are of great historical and contemporary significance. They are comprised of material collected during the extensive early exploratory expeditions of the old U.S. Fish Commission vessels (e.g., Blake, Fish Hawk, and Albatross), as well as from more recent oceanographic and fisheries research vessels (e.g., Oregon, Eltanin, and Pillsbury). Because U.S. vessels were among the first to explore in detail certain geographical areas, a number of new taxa were described from the rich material collected. Many of the collections, and particularly primary type material were ultimately deposited in the NMNH. Since no NMNH curator formerly specialized in recent cephalopods, the collections were loaned to teuthologists at other institutions for study. Most notable among these teuthologists are A. E. Verrill (1873–1885), S. S. Berry (1909–1921), M. Sasaki (1920), and G. L. Voss (1950-present), who have described the vast majority of new taxa now deposited in the national collection of cephalopods.

The systematic and historical importance of the collection, and the broad geographical range represented, indicate the desirability for a catalog of the type-specimens deposited in the national collection. We hope this catalog will be an aid to current and future teuthologists concerned with the systematics of this important class of mollusks.

The catalog of the type-specimens of cephalopods in the National Museum of Natural History was compiled and verified in several ways. First, the specimens designated as primary types in the type collection were checked and verified with the original descriptions. Second, an exhaustive search of the literature was conducted to determine all type material that had been designated for deposit in NMNH. Finally, the general cephalopod collection at NMNH, Yale Peabody Museum, and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, were searched for unrecognized or “lost” type-specimens.

The NMNH is the designated national depository for type material collected during research funded by the government of the United States, so species from a wide variety of collectors and geographic areas are represented in the collections. The general and type collections are encouraged to grow in order to serve the requirements of current exploration and research, as well as to provide a foundation for future work.

The catalog includes 142 nominal species in 65 nominal genera. Only primary types are included (holotypes, paratypes, syntypes, and previously designated lectotypes and neotypes). Data for the cataloged specimens were taken only from the original and subsequent descriptions by the author of a taxon Published data about types were checked against original specimen labels for accuracy; published and unpublished station data records were referred to in order to reconcile discrepancies and to further verify the data. Errors in data published in previous works are corrected in this catalog.

Numerous problems arose from the lack of designation of types by original authors. The definitions provided by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1961) are followed. The definition of a paratype was particularly important when an author attempted to designate a paratype(s) in a publication subsequent to the original description. When only a holotype was designated, the remaining specimens listed in the originally described type series are here considered paratypes unless explicitly excluded by the author (Sabrosky, pers. comm.).

The catalog presents information concerning types in the following format:

Species, genus, author, year of publication: pagination and plate numbers of species description. Category of type: NMNH Mollusks catalog number, number of specimens and sex (where known), mantle length in mm, collector (ship or person) and station number, locality collected, sampling gear, depth collected (meter equivalent), date collected. (Comments.)

Very occasionally subspecies or subgenera are listed, and in such cases the subspecific name precedes the generic and specific name, while the subgeneric name follows the generic name.

Frequently, in an original description the locality of capture of a specimen was recorded only by the station number. In such cases we have included actual locality, or latitude and longitude, and other pertinent collecting information, if available, from the original station records. If information is not available in the original or subsequent publications (e.g., depth or date collected, etc.), that particular element of data is not listed in the catalog. When latitude and longitude are not cited in the original work(s), we give a descriptive location based on existing original information. If the mantle length was not given by the original author, we measured the specimen and here list the mantle length in brackets. Measurements of mantle length are as defined by Voss (1963b). Until 1966 all the type-specimens were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Since that time all cephalopod specimens have been preserved in 50% isopropyl alcohol.

The phrase “holotype was unique specimen” is used when the holotype was the only specimen available for description by the original author. The phrase “deposition of specimen unknown” is used when the paratype (or one of the paratypes) not deposited in the NMNH is referred to, but we have been unable to determine its present deposition. If a specimen has not been found in our searches through the collections of the NMNH, Yale Peabody Museum, or the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, or it is known to be lost, the specimen is identified by the phrase “specimen is no longer extant.”[*]

Several listings for species contain the comment “No paratypes designated” to indicate that the author did not include or list additional material or designate a paratype(s) in the publication, even though material other than the holotype is now known to have been at hand at the time of the original description. This material would have constituted the type series had it been included in the original description.

Comments pertaining to the species in general occur in parentheses at the end of the listing. Notations in parentheses within the entry refer to the specimen or datum immediately preceeding the notation.

Following the catalog of species, a taxonomic list is presented of the original genera under which the species were described. (Current generic placements are not given.) Another list itemizes the authors with the species and genera they described. All original publications and pertinent subsequent works are listed in “Literature Cited.”

The abbreviations used in the catalog are as follows:

ANSP

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia

BM(NH)

British Museum (Natural History), London

CALCOFI

California Co-operative Fisheries Investigations

CAS, CASIZ

California Academy of Sciences, California Academy of Sciences Department of Invertebrate Zoology Collection

CPES

Chiba Prefectural Fisheries Experiments Station, Japan

EBPC

Estacion de Biologia Pesquera de Campeche, Mexico

IKMT

Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl

IOM

Institute of Oceanography, Monaco

MCZ

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University

mwo

meters of wire out

NMNH

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

RSMAS

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Florida

SAM

South African Museum, Cape Town

SIO

Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego

SSB

Dr. S. Stillman Berry, Redlands, California, personal collection

TRFRL

Tokai Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, Japan

USC, AHF

University of Southern California, Allan Hancock Foundation

USNM

former United States National Museum, now National Museum of Natural History

UZM

Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark

VIMS

Virginia Institute of Marine Science, University of Virginia

VML

ventral mantle length

YPM

Peabody Museum, Yale University

We would like to thank the people who previously have cataloged portions of the cephalopod type collection, especially W. J. Byas and A. Cohen. The helpful discussions with C. W. Sabrosky and F. M. Bayer (NMNH) and G. L. Voss (RSMAS) on some points of taxonomic rules are very much appreciated. We also are grateful for the critical reviews of the manuscript by G. L. Voss, F. M. Bayer, and J. Rosewater.

Catalog

abruptus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:173–174. Holotype: USNM 332935a, 1 , 98 mm, Albatross Sta 4969, Pacific Ocean, 33°23′40″N, 135°33′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 587 fms (1073 m), 29 Aug 1906. Paratype: USNM 332935b, 1 , same station as holotype. (Paratype is no longer extant.)

adami, Pholidoteuthis, Voss, 1956:132–136, fig 9a-h. Holotype: USNM 575139, 1 , 175 mm, Oregon Sta 382, Gulf of Mexico, 29° 11′30″N, 88°07′30″W, 100 ft flat trawl, 190–210 fms (347–384 m), 21 Jun 1951. Paratypes: USNM 575140, 1 4 , 159–222 mm, same station as holotype. USNM 575141, 1 , 160 mm, Oregon Sta 640, Gulf of Mexico, 29°01′N, 88°24′W, 40 ft flat trawl, 355–475 fms (649–868 m), 19 Sep 1952. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (Oregon Sta. 382, 5 ).

agassizii, Mastigoteuthis, Verrill, 1881b:100–102, pls 1 (fig 1), 2 (figs 2,3). Syntypes: USNM 574642, 1 , 46 mm, Blake Sta 325, Atlantic Ocean, 33°35′20″N, 76°00′00″W, 647 fms (1183 m), 14 Jul 1880. USNM 729733, 1 , 99 mm, Blake Sta 328, Atlantic Ocean, 34°28′45″N, 75°22′50″W (latitude incorrectly published as 34°28′25″N), 1632 fms (2983 m), 15 Jul 1880.

agilis, Teleoteuthis (Onychia), Verrill, 1885:400–401, pl 42 (fig 2). Holotype: USNM 40129, 1, 46 mm, Albatross Sta 2225, Atlantic Ocean, 36°05′30″N, 69°51′45″W, surface, 9 Sep 1884. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

alatus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:180, pl 24 (fig 4). Holotype: USNM 332978, 1 , 70 mm, Albatross Sta 4957, Pacific Ocean, 32°36′N, 132°23′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 437 fms (799 m), 23 Aug 1906. Paratype: USNM 332979, 1 , 29 mm, Albatross Sta unknown.

albatrossae, Eupryma, Voss, 1962:171–172. Holotype: USNM 575331, 1 , 24 mm, Albatross Sta 5459, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, off Catanduanes Island, dip net and submerged electric light, surface, 9 Jun 1909. Paratypes: USNM 575332, 1 3 , same station as holotype. Other paratype is at RSMAS (1 , same station as holotype).

albatrossi, Sepia kobiensis, Sasaki, 1920:195, pl 26 (figs 2,3). Holotype: USNM 332862, 1 , 34 mm, Albatross Sta 4875, Sea of Japan, 34°19′N, 130°09′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 59 fms (108 m), 2 Aug 1906. Paratypes: USNM 577551, 2 , 26–28 mm, same station as holotype. USNM 332861, 1 , 21 mm, Albatross Sta 4931, Pacific Ocean, 30°12′N, 130°43′40″E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 83 fms (152 m), 15 Aug 1906. USNM 332863, 1 , 21 mm, Albatross Sta 4878, Sea of Japan, 34°18′30″N, 130°14′30″E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 59 fms (108 m), 2 Aug 1906.

albatrossi, Stauroteuthis, Sasaki, 1920:169–170, pl 23 (figs 2,3). Holotype: USNM 332949, 1, 23 mm, Albatross Sta 5050, Pacific Ocean, 38°11′30″N, 142°08'E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 266 fms (486 m), 10 Oct 1906. Paratypes: USNM 332948, 1 , 50 mm, Albatross Sta 5084, Pacific Ocean, 34°N, 137°49′40″E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 918 fms (1678 m), 20 Oct 1906. USNM 332950, 1 , 40 mm, Albatross Sta 4771, Bering Sea, 54°30'N, 179° 17'E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 426 fms (779 m), 4 Jun 1906. USNM 332951, 1 , 12 mm, Albatross Sta 5029, Sea of Okhotsk, 48°22′30″N, 145°43′30″E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 440 fms (804 m), 28 Sep 1906.

anapsis, Enoploteuthis, Roper, 1964:140–148, figs 1,2. Holotype: USNM 575605, 1 , 68 mm, Oregon Sta 1887, Caribbean Sea, 16°55'N, 81°10'W, 40 ft flat trawl, 300 fms (548 m), 23 Aug 1957. Paratypes: USNM 575606, 1 , 73 mm, Oregon Sta unknown, Gulf of Mexico. USNM 576155, 1 , 27 mm, Dana Sta 1292 V, Caribbean Sea, 17°43'N, 64°56'W, 200 cm Stramin-net, 35 m (est) (100 mwo), 16 Apr 1922. Other paratypes are at UZM and BM(NH).

anonychus, Gonatus, Pearcy and Voss, 1963:105–109, figs 1,2. Holotype: USNM 575559, 1 , 69 mm, M. Laurs on vessel Acona, Pacific Ocean, 45°26′48″N, 125°08′06″W, dip net, surface, 11 Sep 1960. Paratypes are at RSMAS (2 2 ).

antarctica, Graneledone, Voss, 1976:448–454, figs 1,2. Holotype: USNM 729679, 1 , 41 mm, Eltanin Sta 2110, Southern Ocean, 74°05′36″S, 175°05′12″W, 10 ft Blake trawl, 2341 m, 8 Feb 1968. Paratypes: USNM 729680, 1 3 , 41-25 mm, same station as holotype. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (1 1 , 39–45 mm).

apollyon, Polypus, Berry, 1912b:284. Holotype: USNM 214319, 1 , 81 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Albatross, Pacific Ocean, Kodiak Island, Uyak Bay, seine, 14 Aug 1903. (Holotype is no longer extant.) Paratype is at CAS (CASIZ 461, 1 , SSB 145).

astrosticta, Abralia, Berry, 1909:412–414, figs 4–7. Holotype: USNM 214313, 1 , 34 mm, Albatross Sta 4122, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Oahu Island, 8 ft Blake trawl, 192–352 fms (351–643 m), 26 Jul 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

bacidifera, Bathyteuthis, Roper, 1968:161–169, pls 1–4, 7. Holotype: USNM 576148, 1 , 37 mm, Eltanin Sta 34, Pacific Ocean, 7°47'S, 81°23'W, 10 ft IKMT, 683 m, 7 Jun 1962. Paratypes: USNM 727492, 1 , 34 mm, Eltanin Sta 54, Pacific Ocean, 18°23'S, 72°39'W, 10 ft mid-water beam trawl, 1373 m, 16 Jun 1962. USNM 727493, 1 , 28 mm, Pillsbury Sta 510, Pacific Ocean 6°54'N, 79°57'W, 40 ft otter trawl, 3182 m, 3 May 1967. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (1 ) and UZM (1 ).

bairdii, Octopus, Verrill, 1873:5–6. Syntypes: USNM 575315, 1 , 44 mm, Mosswood Sta +x', Atlantic Ocean, 44°45'N, 67°00'W, 75–80 fms (137–146 m), 2 Aug 1872. USNM 574638, 1, [25 mm], Mosswood Sta +t, Atlantic Ocean, 44°45'N, 66°30'W, 90–106 fms (165–194 m), 24 Aug 1872. (Type series collected at four Mosswood stations, total of seven syntypes.)

balboi, Octopus, Voss, 1971:16–19, fig 2a-e. Holotype: USNM 577618, 1 , 33 mm, R. Tweedle, Pacific Ocean, Panama, Chame Point. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

bartschi, Uroteuthis, Rehder, 1945:22–25, pl 3. Holotype: USNM 573515, 1 , 199 mm (VML), Albatross, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, Jolo Island, Jolo harbor, dip net and submerged electric light, surface, 8 Feb 1908. Paratypes: USNM 573512, 1 , [131 mm], same station as holotype. (Figured specimen.) USNM 573513, 13 , 181–223 mm, same station as holotype. USNM 573514, 4 , 120–125 mm, same station as holotype. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (same station as holotype, 3 1 ).

beanii, Brachioteuthis, Verrill, 1881a:406–408, pls 55 (fig 3), 56 (fig 2). Syntypes: USNM 574640, 1 , 62 mm, Fish Hawk Sta 1031, Atlantic Ocean, 39°57'N, 69°19'W, fish stomach, 255 fms (466 m), 14 Sep 1881. USNM 729736, 1 (?), “tail missing,” Fish Hawk Sta 1033, Atlantic Ocean, 39°56'N, 69°24'W, fish stomach, 183 fms (334 m), 14 Sep 1881.

behringiana, Crystalloteuthis, Sasaki, 1920:202–203, pl 26 (fig 4). Holotype: USNM 332921, 1, 27 mm, Albatross Sta 4783, Pacific Ocean, 52°55′30″N, 173°30'E, plankton net, 30 fms (55 m), 9 Jun 1906. Paratypes: USNM 332919, 2, 14–17 mm, Albatross Sta 4793, Pacific Ocean, 54°48'N, 164°54'E, plankton net, 300 fms (est) (548 m), 16 Jun 1906. USNM 332920, 1, 14 mm, Albatross Sta 4765, Pacific Ocean, 53°12'N, 171°37'W, plankton net, 300 fms (548 m), 29 May 1906. USNM 332922, 1, 11 mm, Albatross Sta 4806, Pacific Ocean, 42°13'N, 144°21'E, plankton net, 200 fms (366 m), 26 Jun 1906. USNM 332923, 1, 18 mm, Albatross Sta 5030, Sea of Okhotsk, 46°29′30″N, 145°46'E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 300 fms (est) (3290 m), 29 Sep 1906.

berryi, Bathyteuthis, Roper, 1968:169–172, pls 5–7. Paratypes: USNM 727501, 1 , 19 mm, Velero IV Sta 10976, Pacific Ocean, 32°35′00″N, 120°35′06″ W, 10 ft IKMT, 1300 m (est), 17 Feb 1966. USNM 727502, 1 , 23 mm, Velero IV Sta 10540, Pacific Ocean, 29°05′04″N, 118°12′00″W, 10 ft IKMT, 1300 m (est), 6 Apr 1965. Holotype is at USC AHF (USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 10). Other paratype is at RSMAS (1 ).

berryi, Histioteuthis corona, Voss, 1969:781–784, figs 19, 20. Holotype: USNM 576079, 1 , 47 mm, SIO XIX-2, Pacific Ocean, 29°17'N, 125°41'W, 750 mwo, 12 May 1955. Paratype is at SIO (1 ).

bimaculatus, Octopus, Verrill, 1883b:121–123, pls 5 (fig 1), 6. Syntype: USNM 575560, 1 , D. S. Jordan, Pacific Ocean, United States, Santa Barbara. (Verrill, 1883, and Verrill's specimen label give locality as San Diego. Jordan's handwritten label gives locality as Santa Barbara. Specimen is in poor condition.) Other syntype is at YPM (1 ).

bimaculoides, Octopus, Pickford and McConnaughey, 1949:14–27, figs 8–21. Holotype: USNM 574743, 1 , 39 mm, McConnaughey, Pacific Ocean, United States, California, LaJolla, 29 May 1948. Paratype: USNM 574745, 1 , 43 mm, same station as holotype.

bipapillata, Rossia, Sasaki, 1920:190–191, pl 25 (fig 3). Holotype: USNM 332830, 1 , 19 mm, Albatross Sta 5069, Pacific Ocean, 35°03′10″N, 138°47'E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 131–108 fms (239–197 m), 15 Oct 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

bullisi, Rossia (Allorossia), Voss, 1956:101–103, fig 2a–d. Holotype: USNM 575115, 1 , 36 mm, Oregon Sta 501, Gulf of Mexico, 27°51′30″N, 91°32′30″W, 40 ft flat trawl, 220 fms (402 m), 11 Nov 1951. Paratypes: USNM 575116, 1 , 41 mm, Oregon Sta 382, Gulf of Mexico, 29°11′30″N, 88°07′30″W, 100 ft flat trawl, 190–210 fms (347–384 m), 21 Jun 1951. USNM 575117, 1 , 40 mm, Oregon Sta 639, Gulf of Mexico, 29°12′24″N, 88°20′36″W, 100 ft mudrope trawl, 200 fms (366 m), 19 Sep 1952. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (Oregon Sta 516, 4 6 ).

burryi, Octopus (Octopus), Voss, 1950:76–79, figs. 2,3. Holotype: USNM 574598, 1 , 30 mm, L. A. Burry, Gulf of Mexico, United States, Florida, SE of Sombrero Light, Blake trawl, 100 fms (183 m), 31 Jul 1949. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

californicus, Polypus, Berry, 1911b:590. Holotype: USNM 214321a, 1 , 89 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Albatross Sta 4325, Pacific Ocean, United States, California, off San Diego, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 275–292 fms (503–534 m), 8 Mar 1904. (Holotype is no longer extant.) Paratype: USNM 214321b, 1 , same station as holotype. (Paratype is no longer extant.) Other paratype is at CAS (CASIZ 460, 1 ).

californiensis, Gonatus, Young, 1972:51–56, pls 15–17. Paratype: USNM 727491, 1, 46 mm, Velero IV Sta 9960, Pacific Ocean, 33°17'N, 118′39'W, 10 ft IKMT, 615 m (est) (1845 m), Sep 1964. Holotype and other paratypes (8) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 6.

calyx, Chiroteuthis, Young, 1972:69–72, pls 20–22. Paratype: USNM 727481, 1, 60 mm, Velero IV Sta 7280, Pacific Ocean, 33°29'N, 118°20'W, 10 ft IKMT, 308 m (est) (925 mwo), 2 Feb 1961. Holotype and other paratypes (3) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 8.

carinata, Sepia, Sasaki, 1920:192–193, pls 25 (fig 2), 26 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 332849, 1 , 26 mm, Albatross Sta 5092, Pacific Ocean, 35°04′50″N, 139°38′18″E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 70 fms (128 m), 26 Oct 1906. Paratype: USNM 332848, 1 , 25mm, Albatross Sta 5094, Pacific Ocean, 35°04′42″N, 139°38′20″E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 88 fms (161 m), 26 Oct 1906.

carolinensis, Octopus, Verrill, 1884:235. Holotype: USNM 35673, 1 , [28 mm], Albatross Sta 2109, 35°14′20″N, 74°59′10″W, beam trawl, 142 fms (260 m), 9 Nov 1883. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

clara, Froekenia, Hoyle, 1904:7–8, pls, 2,3. Holotype: USNM 382468, 1, Albatross Sta 3358, Pacific Ocean, 6°30'N, 81°44'W, large beam trawl, 555 fms (1015 m), 24 Feb 1891. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen is no longer extant.)

compacta, Teleoteuthis, Berry, 1913b:565. Holotype: USNM 214381, 1, 21 mm, Albatross Sta 3989, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Kauai Island, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 500–385 fms (914–704 m), 11 Jun 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen in very poor condition.)

corona, Teuthowenia (Ascoteuthis), Berry, 1920:296, pl 16 (fig 7). Holotype: USNM 338695, 1, 27 mm, Bache Sta 10173, Atlantic Ocean, 32°27'N, 68°22'W, plankton net, 100–0 m, 4 Feb 1914. (No paratypes designated.)

corona, Calliteuthis, Voss and Voss, 1962:191–198, figs 5,6b–d. Holotype: USNM 576160, 1 , 46 mm, Oregon Sta 384, Gulf of Mexico, 29°10'N, 88°00'W, 40 ft flat trawl, 265–300 fms (484–548 m), 21 Jun 1951. Paratypes are at RSMAS (5 ).

deletron, Octopoteuthis, Young, 1972:40–43, pls 10–12. Paratype: USNM 727483, 1 , 39 mm, Velero IV Sta 8025, Pacific Ocean, 33°16'N, 118°38'W, 10 ft IKMT, 563 m (est) (1690 mwo), 7 Aug 1962. Holotype () and other paratypes (3 2 ) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 3.

dentata, Mastigoteuthis, Hoyle, 1904:34°35, pl 6 (figs 8–11). Lectotype: USNM 574643, 1 , 72 mm, Albatross Sta 3394, Pacific Ocean, 7°21'N, 79°35'W, large beam trawl, 511 fms (934 m), 10 Mar 1891, (designated lectotype, Young, 1972:66). Syntype: USNM 729453, 1 , 140 mm, Albatross Sta 3400, Pacific Ocean, 0°36'S, 86°46'W, large beam trawl, 1322 fms (2417 m), 27 Mar 1891.

diaphana, Leptoteuthis, Verrill, 1884:141–143, pl 32 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 38242, 1, 50 mm, Albatross Sta 2037, Atlantic Ocean, 38°53′00″N, 69°23′30″W, beam trawl, 1731 fms (3164 m), 18 Jul 1883. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

diegensis, Rossia pacifica, Berry, 1912b:293. Syntypes: USNM 214376, 1 6 , 12–31 mm, Albatross Sta 4356, Pacific Ocean, United States, California, off San Diego, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 120–131 fms (219–239 m), 15 Mar 1904. Other syntypes (same station as USNM 214376) are at CAS (CASIZ 257, 1 and 258, 1 ).

diomedeae, Loligo, Hoyle, 1904:29–30, pls 5,6. Holotype: USNM 574847, 1 , 85 mm, Albatross Sta 3422, Pacific Ocean, 16°47′30″N, 99°59′30″W, small beam trawl, 141 fms (258 m), 12 Apr 1891. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

discus, Discoteuthis, Young and Roper, 1969:5–9, pls 3,4,7–9. Holotype: USNM 576214, 1 , 53 mm, Pillsbury Sta 36, Atlantic Ocean, 3°50'N, 2°37'W, 10 ft IKMT, 750 m (est) (2400 mwo), 29 May 1964. Paratypes: USNM 727513, 1 , 24 mm, Pillsbury Sta 473, Caribbean Sea, 13°08'N, 61°55'W, 10 ft IKMT, 450 m (est) (1350 mwo), 1 Aug 1966. USNM 727514, 1 , 45 mm, Dana Sta unknown.

dislocata, Leachia, Young, 1972:80–83, pls 30–32. Paratypes: USNM 727467, 2 , 87–112 mm, Velero IV Sta 8025, Pacific Ocean, 33°16'N, 118°38'W, 10 ft IKMT, 563 m (est) (1690 mwo), 7 Aug 1962. Holotype () and other paratypes (3 6 ) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 11.

ecthambus, Sandalops, Berry, 1920:297–298, pl 16 (fig 2). Holotype: USNM 338697, 1, 22 mm, Bache Sta 10208, Atlantic Ocean, 27°46'N, 78°46'W, plankton net, 100–0 m, 21 Mar 1914. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

elongata, Calliteuthis, Voss and Voss, 1962:184–190, figs 4,6a. Paratype: USNM 78083, 1 , 166 mm, Albatross Sta 2687, Atlantic Ocean, 39°46'N, 71°19'W, large beam trawl, surface (original label reads “surface,” Albatross station data reads “326 fms”), 18 Jul 1886. Holotype is at MCZ (224813, 1 ). Other paratypes are at MCZ (224811), YPM (12440a, 1 ) and IOM.

eltaninae, Histioteuthis, Voss, 1969:755–763, figs 3d-e,5c,7d, 12,13,14i-m. Holotype: USNM 576164, 1 , 53 mm, Eltanin Sta 1723, Pacific Ocean, 40°05'S, 149°55'W, 10 ft IKMT, 880 m (est), 18 Jul 1966. Paratypes: USNM 576170, 1 , 57 mm, Eltanin Sta 325–20, Pacific Ocean, 56°06'S, 71°14'W, 10 ft IKMT, 983 m, 7 Nov 1962. USNM 576171, 1 , 45 mm, Eltanin Sta 1270, Pacific Ocean, 57°31'S, 125°16'W, 10 IKMT, 851–933 m, 1 Sep 1964. USNM 576172, 1 , 45 mm, Eltanin Sta 235–20, Atlantic Ocean, 59°06'S, 67°59'W, 10 ft IKMT, 1830 m, 2 Oct 1962. USNM 576173, 1 , 39 mm, Eltanin Sta 1107–13–4, Pacific Ocean, 58°00'S, 90°36'W, 10 ft IKMT, 714–851 m, 24 May 1964. USNM 576174, 1 , 35 mm, Eltanin Sta 110–15, Atlantic Ocean, 56°59'S, 62°16'W, 10 ft IKMT, ca. 2890 m, 19 Jul 1962. USNM 576175, 1 , 30 mm, Eltanin Sta 1201, Pacific Ocean, 56°14'S, 160°05'W, 10 ft IKMT, 1120 m, 8 Aug 1964. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (2 , 34–66 mm).

equalis, Rossia (Semirossia), Voss, 1950:73–75, fig 1. Holotype: USNM 574599, 1 , 27 mm, L. A. Burry, Gulf of Mexico, United States, Florida, off Pelican Shoal, Blake trawl, 100 fms (183 m), 16 Aug 1949. Paratypes are at RSMAS and “in G. L. Voss collection.”

expansa, Argonauta, Dall, 1872:303. Holotype: USNM 61368, 1 (shell only), Pacific Ocean, Gulf of California.

falco, Abraliopsis, Young, 1972:13–17, pls 1,2. Paratype: USNM 727480, 1 1 , 36–44 mm, Velero IV Sta 10679, Pacific Ocean, 28°54'N, 118°08'W, 10 ft IKMT, 31 m (est) (93 mwo), 28 Aug 1968. Holotype () and other paratypes (3 3 ) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 1.

famelica, Chiroteuthis, Berry, 1909:414–415, fig 8. Holotype: USNM 214314, 1, 39 mm, Albatross Sta 3989, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Kauai, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 500–385 fms (914–704 m), 11 Jun 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen is no longer extant.)

felis, Abraliopsis (Watasenia), McGowan and Okutani, 1968:72–74, pls 9,10. Holotype: USNM 678792, 1 , 36 mm, CALCOFI Sta 25–87.90, Pacific Ocean, 31°59'N, 122°24'W, 1 m plankton net, 0–200 m, 25 May 1951. Paratype: USNM 678793, 1 , 41, mm, CALCOFI, Pacific Ocean, 32°39′18″N, 117°37′12″W, Aug 1953. Other paratypes are at CAS (CASIZ 310, 1 ) and SIO (1 ).

fisheri, Helicocranchia, Berry, 1909:417–418. Holotype: USNM 214316, 1, 47 mm, Albatross Sta 3883, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Maui Island, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 277–284 fms (506–519 m), 16 Apr 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

gelatus, Tremoctopus, Thomas, 1977:371–378, figs 10–12. Holotype: USNM 727076, 1 , 328 mm, T. Lovins, Atlantic Ocean, United States, Florida, Boynton Municipal Beach, beach stranding, 20 May 1971. Paratypes: USNM 727077, 2 , 26–40 mm, John R. Manning Sta 26–6, Pacific Ocean, 36°11'N, 149°00'W, 22 Jul 1955. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (2 ), SAM, and SIO.

gilbertianus, Polypus, Berry, 1912b:284–286, pls 35–37. Holotype: USNM 214320, 1 , 65 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Albatross Sta 4228, Pacific Ocean, United States, Alaska, Naha Bay, Behm Canal, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 41–134 fms (75–245 m), 7 Jul 1903. Paratype is at CAS (CASIZ 510, 1 ; SSB 140).

glaber, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:172–173. (glaber preoccupied, P. hokkaidensis proposed by Berry, 1921:352.) Holotype: USNM 332981, 1 , 58 mm, Albatross Sta 5045, Pacific Ocean 42°11′10″N, 142°12'E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 359 fms (656 m), 3 Oct 1906. Paratypes: USNM 332980, 1 , [37 mm], Albatross Sta 5044, Pacific Ocean, 42°10′40″N, 142°14'E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 309–359 fms (565–656 m), 3 Oct 1906. USNM 332982, 1 , [34 mm], Albatross Sta 5050, Pacific Ocean, 38°11′30″N, 142°08'E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 266 fms (486 m), 10 Oct 1906. USNM 332983, 1 , [30 mm], Albatross Sta 5053, Pacific Ocean, 34°49′20″N, 138°40′15″E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 503 fms (919 m), 12 Oct 1906. (Mantle lengths of paratypes originally given as 45, 44, 35 mm, but now cannot be attributed to specific specimens because of shrinkage.)

globula, Cranchia (Liocranchia), Berry, 1909:415–416, fig 9. Holotype: USNM 214315, 1, 20 mm, Albatross Sta 3878, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Maui Island, plankton net, surface, 14 Apr 1902. Paratype: USNM 214608, 1, Albatross Sta 4009, Pacific Ocean, 21°51′30″N, 159°15′00″W, plankton net, surface, 17 Jun 1902. (Specimen is no longer extant.) Other paratype is at CAS (CASIZ 520, SSB 282).

gracilis, Octopus, Verrill, 1884:236. Holotype: USNM 38431, 1 , 11 mm, Albatross Sta 2084, Atlantic Ocean, 40°16′50″N, 67°05′15″W, beam trawl, 1290 fms (2358 m), 5 Sep 1883. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

gracilis, Sepiadarium, Voss, 1962:170–171. Holotype: USNM 575325, 1 , 16 mm, Albatross Sta 5290, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, Mindoro Island, Varadero Harbor, anchorage (locality is Varadero Harbor on Mindoro Island, not Verde Island as published), dip net and submerged electric light, surface, 22 Jul 1908. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

hastula, Chiroteuthoides, Berry, 1920:293–294, pl 16 (fig. 3). Holotype; USNM 338693, 1, 10 mm, Bache Sta 10187, Atlantic Ocean, 28°59'N, 69°22'W, plankton net, 200–0 m, 23 Feb 1914. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

hawaiiensis, Ommastrephes, Berry, 1912a:434. Holotype: USNM 214382, 1, 138 mm, Albatross Sta 4117, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Oahu Island, 10 ft Blake trawl, 282–253 fms (515–462 m), 25 Jul 1902. (No paratypes designated.)

hawaiiensis, Stephanoteuthis, Berry, 1909:409–410, fig 2. Holotype: USNM 214311, 1 , 22 mm, Albatross Sta 3989, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Kauai Island, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 500–385 fms (914–704 m) (depth incorrectly published as 733 fms), 11 Jun 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen is no longer extant.)

heathi, Eledonella, Berry, 1911b:589–590. Holotype: USNM 214318, 1 , 50 mm, Albatross Sta 4396, Pacific Ocean, 33°01′35″N, 121°32'W, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 2228 fms (4073 m), 31 Mar 1904. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

heteropsis, Calliteuthis (Meleagroteuthis), Berry, 1913a:75–76. Syntypes: USNM 214620, 1, 59 mm, Albatross Sta 4416, Pacific Ocean, United States, off Santa Barbara Island, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 448–323 fms (819–590 m), 12 Apr 1904. (Specimen is no longer extant.) USNM 214624, 1, 51 mm, Albatross Sta 4544, Pacific Ocean, United States, off Monterey Bay, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 724–1000 fms (1323–1828 m), 2 Jun 1904. Other syntype with SSB (No. 110).

hippocrepium, Stauroteuthis, Hoyle, 1904:6–7, pls 1–3. Holotype: USNM 382467, 1, 23 mm, Albatross Sta 3374, Pacific Ocean, 2°35'N, 83°53'W, large beam trawl, 1823 fms (3332 m), 3 Mar 1891. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen consists of head, arms, and shell vestige.)

hoylei, Polypus, Berry, 1909:407–408, fig 1. Holotype: USNM 214310, 1 , 65 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side) Albatross Sta unknown, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands. (Specimen in very poor condition.) Paratypes: USNM 214642, 1 , 54 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side) Albatross Sta 4132, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Kauai Island, 8 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 257–312 fms (470–570 m), 1 Aug 1902. USNM 214647, 1, 41 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side) Albatross Sta 4110, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Molokai Island, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 449–460 fms (821–841 m), 24 Jul 1902. (Paratype is no longer extant.) Other paratype is at CAS (CASIZ 462, 1 ).

iris, Stoloteuthis, Berry, 1909:410–412, fig 3. Holotype: USNM 214312, 1 , 7 mm, Albatross Sta 3832, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Molokai Island, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 153–142 fms (280–260 m,) 2 Apr 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen is no longer extant.)

lacertosa, Chiroteuthis, Verrill, 1881a:408–412, pl 56 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 574637, 1 , 125 mm, Capt. W. Dempsy on schooner Clara F. Friend, Atlantic Ocean, Nova Scotia, codfish stomach, Jun 1881. Deposition of (non-NMNH) paratype (Fish Hawk Sta 1048) is unknown.

laciniosa, Discoteuthis, Young and Roper, 1969:9–12, pls 5–9. Holotype: USNM 576215, 1, 70 mm, Ocean Acre Sta 3–3, Atlantic Ocean, 33°04'N, 64°37'W, 10 ft IKMT, 1000 m (est), 4 Jul 1968. Paratypes: USNM 727515, 1, 20 mm, Dana Sta 1161 IV, Atlantic Ocean, 14°42'N, 28°04'W, 200 cm Stramin-net, 100 m (est), 5 Sep 1921. USNM 727516, 1 , 35 mm, Gerda TOTO Sta, Atlantic Ocean, 23°52'N, 76°46'W, 750 m (est), 20 Feb 1961. Other paratypes are at UZM.

leioderma, Polypus, Berry, 1911b:590–591. Holotype: USNM 214322, 1 , 45 mm, Albatross Sta 4293, Pacific Ocean, United States, Alaska, Shelikof Straight, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 112–106 fms (205–194 m), 15 Aug 1903. (Specimen is no longer extant. No paratype designated.)

lemur, Pyrgopsis, Berry, 1920:298–299, pl 16 (fig 5). Holotype: USNM 338698, 1, 32 mm, Bache Sta 10161, Atlantic Ocean, 35°27'N, 73°14'W, plankton net, surface, 28 Jan 1914. (No paratype designated.)

lentus, Octopus, Verrill, 1880a:138–139. Holotype: USNM 34223, 1 , 38 mm (VML), Capt. S. Peeples on the schooner M. H. Perkins, Atlantic Ocean, Nova Scotia, 120 fms (219 m). (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen in poor condition).

leucoptera, Sepiola, Verrill, 1878b:378. Syntype: USNM 729735, 1, [6 mm], Speedwell Sta 194, Atlantic Ocean, United States, Gulf of Maine, trawl, 110 fms (201 m), 31 Aug 1878. (Deposition of other two, non-NMNH, syntypes is unknown.)

lucens, Abralia (Stenabralia), Voss, 1963b:105–111, figs 22, 23. Holotype: USNM 575449, 1 , 62 mm, Albatross, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, Leyte Island, Port Dupan, 6 Apr 1908. (Holotype is no longer extant.) Paratypes are at ANSP (4 ).

lucifer, Phasmatopsis, Voss, 1963a:77–83, figs 1,2. Holotype: USNM 727770, 1 , 95 mm, Oregon Sta 3219, Gulf of Mexico, 29°06'N, 88°02'W, 60 ft midwater trawl, 0–275 m, 9 Feb 1961. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

lugubris, Laetmoteuthis, Berry, 1913b:563. Holotype: USNM 214385, 1, (too mutilated for measurement), Albatross Sta 3904, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Molokai Island, dip net, surface, 30 Apr 1902. Paratype: USNM 214613, 1, (too mutilated for measurement), Albatross Sta 3898, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, Pailolo Channel, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 258–284 fms (472–519 m), 29 Apr 1902.

macrohista, Histioteuthis, Voss, 1969:845–852, figs 4a-b, 6f, 8g, 33, 36, 37. Holotype: USNM 576761, 1 , 52 mm, Eltanin Sta 1834, Pacific Ocean, 45° 10′S, 160° 10′E, 10 ft IKMT, 700–780 m, 11 Dec 1966. Paratypes: USNM 576176, 1 , 29 mm, Eltanin Sta 1704, Pacific Ocean, 43°50′S, 174°27′W, 10 ft IKMT, 725–800 m, 22 May 1966. USNM 576177, 1 , 23 mm, Anton Bruun Cr 6 Sta 354A–7340, Indian Ocean, 40°48′S, 65°03′E, 10 ft IKMT, 0–1650 m, 4 Jul 1964. Other paratypes are at RSMAS.

macrope, Cirroteuthis, Berry, 1911b:589. Holotype: USNM 214317, 1, 58 mm, (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Albatross Sta 4393, Pacific Ocean, 32°54′20′N, 121°11′15′W, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 2113–2259 fms (3862–4129 m), 30 Mar 1904. (No paratypes designated).

macrotyla, Graneledone, Voss, 1976:454–457, fig 3. Holotype: USNM 729678, 1 , 34 mm, Eltanin Sta 1592, Southern Ocean, 45°43′S, 55°30′W, 10 ft Blake trawl, 1647–2044 m, 14 Mar 1966. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

maya, Octopus, Voss and Soliz Ramirez, 1966:617–623, figs 1,2. Holotype: USNM 576060, 1, 115 mm, C. Gutierrez and M. Miss, Gulf of Mexico, Mexico, Campeche, off Lerma, 3 fms (6 m), 12 Aug 1963. Paratypes are at RSMAS and EBPC.

megalops, Abralia, Verrill, 1882:364. Holotype: USNM 38022, 1, 15 mm, Fish Hawk Sta 1137, Atlantic Ocean, 39°40′N, 71°52′W, trawl, 173 fms (316 m), 8 Sep 1882. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

megalops, Benthoteuthis, Verrill, 1885:402–403, pl 44 (fig 1). Syntypes: USNM 39967, 1 , [47 mm], Albatross Sta 2189, Atlantic Ocean, 397deg;49′30′N, 70°26′00′W, large beam trawl, 600 fms (1097 m), 4 Aug 1884. USNM 39968, 1 , 57 mm, Albatross Sta 2205, Atlantic Ocean, 39°35′00′N, 71°18′45′W, large beam trawl, 1073 fms (1961 m), 20 Aug 1884.

megaptera, Ancistrocheirus, Verrill, 1885:399–400, pl 42 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 40128, 1, 44 mm, Albatross Sta 2235, Atlantic Ocean, 39°12′00′N, 72°03′30′W, large beam trawl, 707 fms (1292 m), 13 Sep 1884. (Holotype was unique specimen. Speciment is no longer extant.)

megaptera, Cirrhoteuthis, Verrill, 1885:405–408, pl 43 (figs 1,2). Syntypes: USNM 40131, 1, [specimen macerated], Albatross Sta 2225, Atlantic Ocean, 36°05′30′N, 69°51′45′W, large beam trawl, 2512 fms (4592 m), 9 Sep 1884. (Figured specimen.) USNM 39963, 1, same station as USNM 40131. (Specimen is no longer extant.) USNM 40127, 1, Albatross Sta 2224, Atlantic Ocean, 36°16′30′N, 68°21′00′W, large beam trawl, 2574 fms, (4705 m), 8 Sep 1884. (Specimen in poor condition). USNM 39916, 1, 13 mm, (VML) Albatross Sta 2220, Atlantic Ocean, 39°43′30′N, 69°23′00′W, 1054 fms (1927 m), 23 Aug 1884. (Specimen is no longer extant.)

microlampas, Pterygioteuthis, Berry, 1913b:566. Holotype: USNM 214386, 1 , 18 mm, Albatross Sta 4105, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, Kaiwi Channel, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 314–335 fms (574–612 m), 24 Jul 1902. (Holotype is no longer extant. No paratype designated.)

minor, Polypus macropus, Sasaki, 1920:181–182. Holotype: USNM 332963, 1 , 29 mm, Albatross Sta 5074, Pacific Ocean, 34°40′45′N, 138°18′30′E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 47 fms (86 m), 16 Oct 1906. Paratype: USNM 577540, 1 , 20 mm, same station as holotype.

miranda, Calliteuthis, Berry, 1918:221–228, pls 61,62. Neotype (fide Voss, 1969:797–804, figs 24, 25,27): USNM 576165, 1 , 182 mm, Eltanin Sta 1713, Pacific Ocean, 37°49′S, 178°50′E, 40 ft otter trawl, 448–732 m, 28 May 1966.

mollicella, Rossia, Sasaki, 1920:189–190, pl 25 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 332833, 1 , 36 mm, Albatross Sta 4972, Pacific Ocean, 33°25′45′N, 135°33′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 440 fms (804 m), 30 Aug 1906. Paratypes: USNM 332831, 2 , 22–15 mm, Albatross Sta 4967, Pacific Ocean, 337deg;25′10′N, 135°37′20′E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 244–253 fms (446–462 m), 29 Aug 1906. USNM 332832, 1 , 12 mm, Albatross Sta 5051, Pacific Ocean, 38°11′N, 142°12′E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 399 fms (729 m), 10 Oct 1906.

mollis, Alloposus, Verrill, 1880b:394. Syntypes: USNM 382470, 1 [60 mm], Fish Hawk Sta 880, Atlantic Ocean, 39°48′30′N, 70°54′00′W, trawl, 252 fms (461 m), 13 Sep 1880. USNM 574848, 1 , [80 mm], Fish Hawk Sta 892, Atlantic Ocean, 39°46′00′N, 71°05′00′W, trawl, 487 fms (890 m), 2 Oct 1880. USNM 729164, 1 , [40 mm], Fish Hawk Sta 893, Atlantic Ocean, 39°52′20′N, 70°58′W, beam trawl, 372 fms (680 m), 2 Oct 1880. USNM 729737, 1 , [70 mm], Fish Hawk Sta 893, Atlantic Ocean, 39°52′20′N, 70°58′W, beam trawl, 372 fms (680 m), 2 Oct 1880. Deposition of other (non-NMNH) syntypes is unknown (Fish Hawk Sta 880 (1 1 ) and Fish Hawk Sta 895 (1)).

nigra, Watasella, Sasaki, 1920:168, pl 23 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 332892, 1, 8 mm (VML), Albatross Sta 4977, Pacific Ocean, 33°23′N, 135°37′40′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 544 fms (994 m), 31 Aug 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

nipponicus, Nototodarus, Okutani and Uemura, 1973:39–44, pls 4,5. Paratypes: USNM 727566, 1 , 181 mm, fisherman, Pacific Ocean, Japan, squid-jig, 14 Dec 1972. USNM 737567, 1 , 140 mm, fisherman, Pacific Ocean, Japan, squid-jig, 19 Aug 1972. Holotype (1 ) and one paratype are at TRFRL. Other paratypes are at CPFES.

obesus, Octopus, Verrill, 1880a:137–138. Holotype: USNM 382469, 1 , 49 mm (VML), C. Ruckley on the schooner H. A. Duncan, Atlantic Ocean, United States, off Massachusetts, halibut stomach, 160–300 fms (292–548 m), 1879. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

ochotensis, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:174–175. Holotype: USNM 332955, 1 , 49 mm, Albatross Sta 5023, Sea of Okhotsk, 48°43′30′N, 145°03′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 75 fms (137 m), 27 Sep 1906. Paratype: USNM 332956, 1 , 22 mm, Albatross Sta 5026, Sea of Okhotsk, 48°36′10′N, 145°17′30′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 119 fms (218 m), 28 Sep 1906.

octopedatus, Gonatopsis, Sasaki, 1920:198–199, pl 26 (fig 5). Holotype: USNM 332918, 1, 65 mm, Albatross Sta 5029, Sea of Okhotsk, 48°22′30′N, 145°43′30′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 440 fms (804 m), 28 Sep 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

ocula, Loligo, Cohen, 1976:330–341, figs 15–24. Holotype: USNM 727093, 1 , 105 mm, Oregon II Sta 10858, Atlantic Ocean, 22°59′N, 78°43′W (incorrectly listed as 22°53′N), 40 ft shrimp trawl, 276 m, 15 Dec 1969. Paratypes: USNM 727094, 2 , 80–86 mm, same station as holotype. USNM 727095, 2 , 87–127 mm, Oregon II Sta 10859, Atlantic Ocean, 23°04′N, 78°46′W, 40 ft shrimp trawl, 362 m, 15 Dec 1969. USNM 727096, 1 , 89 mm, Oregon II Sta 10178, Caribbean Sea, 16°43′N, 81°53′W, 100 ft fish trawl, 256 m, 16 Nov 1968. USNM 727097, 1 , 108 mm, Oregon II Sta 10849, Caribbean Sea, 20°50′N, 73°23′W, 40 ft shrimp trawl, 311 m, 13 Dec 1969. USNM 727098, 2 3 , 83–100 mm, Oregon II Sta 10850, Caribbean Sea, 20°49′N, 73°26′W, 40 ft shrimp trawl, 311 m, 13 Dec 1969.

onyx, Gonatus, Young, 1972:43–46, pls 13,14,17. Paratype: USNM 727489, 1, 72 mm, Velero IV Sta 8112, Pacific Ocean, 33°21′N, 118°44′W, 10 ft IKMT, 767 m, (est) (2300 mwo), 22 Aug 1962. Holotype and other paratypes (8) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 4.

opalescens, Loligo, Berry, 1911b:591. Paratype: USNM 214388, 1, 146 mm, shrimp fishermen, Pacific Ocean, United States, Washington, Puget Sound. Holotype is at CAS (CASIZ 547, 1 ). Other paratype is with SSB (No. 101, 1 ).

oxygonius, Illex, Roper, Lu, and Mangold, 1969: 299–313, pls 1–5, 10. Holotype: USNM 577000, 1 , 207 mm, Fish Hawk Sta 7281, Atlantic Ocean, 24°13′N, 81°58′W, 555 m, 14 Feb 1902. Paratypes: USNM 577001, 1 , 160 mm, VIMS Sta 167, Atlantic Ocean, 38°27′N, 73°23′W, 27 ft otter trawl, 190 m, 25 Aug 1967. USNM 577002, 1 , 205 mm, Fish Hawk Sta 7296, Atlantic Ocean, 24°22′N, 81°48′W, 222 m, 26 Feb 1902. USNM 577003, 1 , 176 mm, VIMS Sta 167, Atlantic Ocean, 38°27'N, 73°23'W, 27 ft otter trawl, 190 m, 25 Aug 1967. USNM 577004, 1 , 210 mm, VIMS Sta 167, Atlantic Ocean, 38°27'N, 73°23'W, 27 ft otter trawl, 190 m, 25 Aug 1967. USNM 577005, 1 , 135 mm, Oregon Sta 6801, Atlantic Ocean, 29°39′30″N, 80°08′30″W, 65 ft shrimp trawl, 210 fms (383 m), 20 Jul 1967. USNM 577006, 1 , 181 mm, Oregon Sta 6801, Atlantic Ocean, 29°39′30″N, 80°08′30″W, 65 ft shrimp trawl, 210 fms (383 m), 20 Jul 1967.

pacifica, Calliteuthis celateria, Voss, 1962:174–175. Holotype: USNM 575453, 1 , 74 mm, Albatross Sta 5564, Pacific Ocean, 5°50′00″N, 121°31′00″E, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 236 fms (431 m), 21 Sep 1909. Paratypes: USNM 575457, 2 , 33–52 mm, Albatross Sta 5589, Pacific Ocean, 4°12′10″N, 118°38′08″E, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 260 fms (475 m), 29 Sep 1909. USNM 575454, 1 , 51 mm, Albatross Sta 5118, Pacific Ocean, 137deg;48′45″N, 120°41′51″E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 118–159 fms (216–291 m), 21 Jan 1908. One paratype is at RSMAS (Albatross Sta 5221, 1 , incorrectly sexed as ).

pacifica, Rossia, Berry, 1911b:591. Syntypes: USNM 214323, 9, Albatross Sta 4233, Pacific Ocean, United States, Alaska, Behm Canal, 8 ft Tanner trawl, 39–45 fms (71–82 m), 8 Jul 1903. (Specimens are no longer extant.) Other syntypes are at CAS (CASIZ 495, 496).

panamensis Euaxoctopus, Voss, 1971:25–31, figs 5a-c,6. Holotype: USNM 577620, 1 , 26 mm, Pillsbury Sta 493, Pacific Ocean, 7°39′30″N, 80°00′42″W, 10 ft otter trawl, 37–33 m, 2 May 1967. Paratype: USNM 576454, 1 , 14 mm, Pacific Ocean, Panama Canal, Teacher Ferry Bridge, canal bottom, 16 Mar 1967. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (Pillsbury Sta 593 and 533).

panamensis, Lolliguncula, Berry, 1911a:100–105, figs 1–7, pl 7. Paratype: USNM 214324, 1 , Hopkins Expedition, Pacific Ocean, Panama. (Specimen is no longer extant.) Holotype: (CASIZ 537, 1 ) and other paratype (CASIZ 538, 1 ) are at CAS.

patagiatus, Scaeurgus, Berry, 1913b:564. Holotype: USNM 214379, 1 , 46 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Albatross Sta 4079, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Maui Island, 10 ft Blake trawl, 143–178 fms (261–325 m), 21 Jul 1902. (Specimen is no longer extant. No paratypes designated.)

pathopsis, Sandalops, Berry, 1920:297, pl 16 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 338696, 1, 8 mm, Bache Sta 10166, Atlantic Ocean, 32°33'N, 72°14'W, plankton net, 1100–0 m, 30 Jan 1914. (No paratypes designated.)

phenax, Euprymna, Voss, 1962:171. Holotype: USNM 575328, 1 , 11 mm, Albatross Sta 5126, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, Panay, Naso Point (locality is Naso Point, Panay not Nogas Point as published.) dip net and submerged electric light, surface, 3 Feb 1908. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

philippinensis, Nototodarus sloani, Voss, 1962:175–176. Holotype: USNM 575451, 1 , 180 mm, Albatross Sta 5444, Pacific Ocean, 12°45′51″N, 124°58′50″E, 12 ft Agassiz trawl, 308 fms (563 m), 3 Jun 1909. Paratype: USNM 575452, 1 , 101 mm, Albatross Sta 5135, Pacific Ocean, 6°11′50″N, 121°08′20″E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 161 fms (294 m), 7 Feb 1908.

phyllura, Galiteuthis, Berry, 1911b:592. Holotype: USNM 214325, 1, 230 mm, Albatross Sta 4529, Pacific Ocean, United States, Monterey Bay, 9 ft Tanner trawl, 780–799 fms (1426–1461 m), 27 May 1904. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

pillsburyae, Euaxoctopus, Voss, 1975:346–352, figs 1–4. Holotype: USNM 729100, 1 , 24 mm, Pillsbury Sta 662, Atlantic Ocean, 6°49'N, 54°26′30″W, 10 ft try net, 44 m, 10 Jul 1968. Paratypes (3 ) are at RSMAS.

piscatorum, Octopus, Verrill, 1879:470. Holotype: USNM 574641, 1 , 30 mm (VML), Capt. John McInnis on schooner M. H. Perkins, Atlantic Ocean, Nova Scotia, 120 fms (219 m), Oct 1879. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

plena, Cirrhoteuthis, Verrill, 1885:404–405, pl 42 (fig 3). Holotype: USNM 39908, 1, 70 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Albatross Sta 2205, Atlantic Ocean, 39°35′00″N, 71°18′45″W (latitude incorrectly listed as 37°35'N), large beam trawl, 1073 fms (1961 m), 20 Aug 1884. (Holotype was unique specimen. Holotype is in very poor condition.)

pourtalesii, Nectoteuthis, Verrill, 1883a:108–110, pl 3 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 729734, 1, 11 mm, Blake Sta 295, Caribbean Sea, 13°14′18″N, 59°41′12″W, 180 fms (329 m), 9 Mar 1879. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

pricei, Polypus, Berry, 1913a:73–75, fig 2. Paratype: USNM 214680, 1, [5 mm], C. H. Gilbert, Pacific Ocean, United States, California, off Point Pinos, salmon stomach, 23 Jun 1911. Holotype (CASIZ 454) and other paratypes (CASIZ 455 and 456) are at CAS.

prionata, Sepia, Voss, 1962:169–170. Holotype: USNM 575326, 1 , 61 mm, Albatross Sta 5151, Pacific Ocean, 5°24′40″N, 120°27′15″E, 12 ft Agassiz trawl, 24 fms (44 m), 18 Feb 1908. Paratypes: USNM 575327, 2 , [27–29 mm], same station as holotype. Other paratype is at RSMAS (Albatross Sta 5151, 1 ).

pulchella, Pickfordiateuthis, Voss, 1953:602–609, figs. 1–18. Holotype: USNM 574846, 1 , 22 mm, C. Phillips, Gulf of Mexico, United States, Florida, Old Rhodes Key, 3 ft (0.9 m), 3 Feb 1950. Paratypes are at RSMAS (1 1 ) and “in G. L. Voss collection” (1 ).

pustulosus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:176, pI 23 (fig 5). (pustulosus preoccupied, P. madokai proposed by Berry, 1921:353.) Holotype: USNM 332976 (catalog number incorrectly listed in Sasaki, 1920 as USNM 322976), 1 , 80 mm, Albatross Sta 5092 Pacific Ocean, 35°04′50″N, 139°38′18″E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 70 fms (128 m), 26 Oct 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

pygmaea, Eledonella, Verrill, 1884:145–146, pI 32 (fig 2). Holotype: USNM 35268, 1 , [17 mm], Albatross Sta 2099, Atlantic Ocean, 37°12′20″N, 69°39′00″W, beam trawl, 2949 fms (5391 m), 2 Oct 1883. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen in poor condition.)

pyrodes, Mastigoteuthis, Young, 1972:64–69, pls 25,26. Paratypes: USNM 727462, 2 1, 77–94 mm, Velero IV Sta 9905, Pacific Ocean, 29°19'N, 119°21'W, 10 ft IKMT, 820 m (2460 mwo), 8 Aug 1964. Holotype and paratypes (5) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 7.

pyros, Gonatus, Young, 1972:49–51, pls 13,14,17. Paratypes: USNM 727399, 2, 35–38 mm, Velero IV Sta 7415, Pacific Ocean, 33°32'N, 118°26'W, 10 ft IKMT, 667 m (est) (2000 mwo), 7 Sep 1961. Holotype and other paratypes (7) are at USC, AHF. Holotype is USC, AHF Cephalopod Type 5.

rapax, Cheloteuthis, Verrill, 1881a:293–294, pI 49 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 574639, 1, 78 mm, Fish Hawk Sta 893, Atlantic Ocean, 39°52′20″N, 70°58′00″W, fish stomach, 372 fms (598 m), 2 Oct 1880. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

reesi, Doryteuthis, Voss, 1962:173–174. Holotype: USNM 575323, 1, 70 mm, Albatross Sta 5287, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, Port Maricaban, dip net and submerged electric light, surface, 20 Jul 1908. Paratypes: USNM 575324, 39 9 [45–60 mm], same station as holotype. Other paratypes are at RSMAS (Albatross Sta 5287, 4 4 ).

reversa, Calliteuthis, Verrill, 1880b:393. Holotype: USNM 574849, 1 , 51 mm, Fish Hawk Sta 894, Atlantic Ocean, 39°53′00″N, 70°58′30″W, trawl, 365 fms (667 m), 2 Oct 1880. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

rhomboidalis, Loliolus, Burgess, 1967:319–329, figs 1–4. Holotype: USNM 576159, 1 , 41 mm, Anton Bruun Sta 47B, Indian Ocean, 19°50'N, 92°32'E, plankton net, 22–23 m, 5 Apr 1963. Paratypes are at RSMAS (4 2 ).

robustus, Ommastrephes, Verrill, 1876:236–237. Holotype: USNM 576952, 1, 61 inches, W. H. Dall, Pacific Ocean, Aleutian Islands, 1872. Species description based on 3 specimens. Portions of specimen 2 only saved by Dall.)

roosevelti, Octopus, Stuart, 1941:1–5, figs 1,2. Holotype: USNM 515224, 1 , 180 mm, W. L. Schmitt Sta 25–38, Pacific Ocean, Galapagos Islands, James Island, intertidal, 30 Jul 1938. Paratypes: USNM 515225, 1 , 55 mm, same station as holotype. USNM 577585, 1, 11 mm, W. L. Schmitt Sta 23A–38, Pacific Ocean, Galapagos Islands, South Seymour Island, dip net and electric light, surface, 29 Jul 1938.

roperi, Loligo, Cohen, 1976:346–353, figs 27–30. Holotype: USNM 727777, 1, 71 mm, Geronimo Sta 8–26, Atlantic Ocean, 25°42′30″N, 79°20'W, night light and dip net, surface, 6 Jun 1966. Paratypes: USNM 727773, 3 2, 44–58 mm, Choco Sta 6902–38, Caribbean Sea, 9°03′30″N, 76°28′30″W, 60 ft shrimp trawl, 55 m, 18 May 1969. USNM 727774, 1 , 72 mm, Oregon II Sta 10858, Atlantic Ocean, 22°59'N, 78°43'W, 40 ft shrimp trawl, 278 m, 15 Dec 1969. USNM 727775, 3 1, 44–58 mm, Oregon II Sta 10187, Caribbean Sea, 14°49'N, 81°39'W, 8 ft tumbler dredge, 48 m, 9 Nov 1968. USNM 727776, 2, 68–71 mm, same station as holotype. Other paratypes (2 1, 40–45 mm, Pillsbury Sta 352) are at RSMAS.

salebrosus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:182–183. Holotype: USNM 332969, 1 , 45mm, Albatross Sta 5050, Pacific Ocean, 38°11′30″N, 142°08'E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 266 fms (486 m), 10 Oct 1906. Paratype: USNM 332970, 1 , 23 mm, Albatross Sta 5029, Pacific Ocean, 48°22′30″N, 145°43′30″E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 440 fms (804 m), 28 Sep 1906. (Paratype is no longer extant.)

scolopes, Euprymna, Berry, 1913b:564–565. Holotype: USNM 214380, 1 , 25 mm, Albartross Sta 3905, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, off Molokai Island, light and dip net, surface, 30 Apr 1902. Paratype: USNM 727393, 9, [7–15 mm], same station as holotype. Other paratypes are at CAS (CASIZ 497, 498, 499).

scorpio, Polypus, Berry, 1920:299–300, pI 16 (fig 4). Holotype: USNM 338699, 1, 4 mm (mantle length = posterior end of mantle to base of umbrella, dorsal side), Bache Sta 10204, Atlantic Ocean, 25°33′N, 80°03′W, plankton net, 75–0 m, 20 Mar 1914. (No paratypes designated.)

selene, Octopus, Voss, 1971:11–16, fig 1a–i. Holotype: USNM 577617, 1 , 39 mm, Pillsbury Sta 501, Pacific Ocean, 7°50′12″N, 79°50′30″W, 10 ft otter trawl, 68 m, 2 May 1967. Paratypes are at RSMAS (144 specimens).

skolops, Batoteuthis, Young and Roper, 1968: 185–202, pls 1–6. Holotype: USNM 576029, 1 ?, 51 mm, Eltanin Sta 1396, Pacific Ocean, 49°57′S, 169°01°W, 10 ft IKMT, 2525 m, 26 Nov 1964. Paratypes: USNM 577093, 1, 30 mm, Eltanin 1314, Pacific Ocean, 59°11′S, 105°04′W, 10 ft IKMT, 366 m, 24 Oct 1964. USNM 577094, 1 , 95 mm, Eltanin Sta 846, Pacific Ocean, 57°52′S, 74°43′W, 10 ft IKMT, 1866 m, 10 Nov 1963. USNM 577095, 1 , 90 mm, Eltanin Sta 382, Atlantic Ocean, 55°23′S, 55°45′W, 10 ft IKMT, 1257 m, 23 Dec 1962.

spinicauda, Enoptroteuthis, Berry, 1920:295, pl 16 (fig 6). Holotype: USNM 338694, 1, 17 mm, Bache Sta 10188, Atlantic Ocean, 28°51′N, 70°08′W, plankton net, 75–0 m, 24 Feb 1914. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

spinosus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:177–178, pl 24 (fig 1). Holotype: USNM 332968, 1 , 23 mm, Albatross Sta 4809, Pacific Ocean, 41°18′N, 140°08′40″E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 207–90 fms (378–165 m), 16 Jul 1906. (Holotype is no longer extant.) Paratype: USNM 332967, 1 , 19 mm, Albatross Sta 4807, Pacific Ocean, 41°36′12″N, 140°36′E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 44–47 fms (80–86 m), 16 Jul 1906.

springeri, Oregoniateuthis, Voss, 1956:120–123, fig 7. Holotype: USNM 575090, 1 , 80 mm, Oregon Sta 382, Gulf of Mexico, 29°11′30″N, 88°07′30″W, 100 ft flat trawl, 190–210 fms (347–384 m), 21 Jun 1951. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

stictochrus, Octopus, Voss, 1971:19–23, figs 3,4. Holotype: USNM 577619, 1 , 19 mm, Pillsbury Sta 535, Pacific Ocean, 8°38′36″N, 78°51′54″W, 10 ft otter trawl, 31 m, 6 May 1967. Paratype is at RSMAS (Pillsbury Sta 492, 1 ).

sublaevis, Rossia, Verrill, 1878a:209–210. Syntypes: USNM 576701, 2, (incorrectly listed as 1 1 ), [9–14 mm], Speedwell Sta 85–86, Atlantic Ocean, Canada, off Halifax, 57–100 fms (104–183 m), 6 Sep 1877. (Type series was collected at three Speedwell stations; number and deposition of remaining syntypes are unknown.)

syrtensis, Stauroteuthis, Verrill, 1879:469–470. Holotype: USNM 382471, 1 (incorrectly listed as 1 ), [43 mm], Capt. M. Gilpatrick on schooner Polar Wave, Atlantic Ocean, 43°54′N, 58°44′W, 250 fms (457 m), Sep 1879. (Holotype was unique specimen. Holotype is in poor condition.)

tenera, Desmoteuthis, Verrill, 1881a:412–415, pls 55 (fig 2), 56 (fig 3). Syntype: USNM 574850, 1 , [72 mm], Fish Hawk Sta 952, Atlantic Ocean, 39°55′00″N, 70°28′00″W, trawl, 396 fms (724 m), 23 Aug 1881. (Verrill incorrectly listed date as 4 Aug and depth as 388 fms. Deposition of other, non-NMNH, syntype is unknown: 1 , 116 mm, from same station.)

tenuipulvinus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:182, pl 24 (fig 5). Holotype: USNM 332977, 1 , 22 mm, Albatross Sta 5092, Pacific Ocean, 35°04′50″N, 139°38′18″E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 70 fms (128 m), 26 Oct 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

tortugaensis, Rossia (Allorossia), Voss, 1956:103–105, fig 2e-h. Holotype: USNM 575144, 1 , 41 mm, W. L. Schmitt Sta 52–32, Gulf of Mexico, off Dry Tortugas, 372–375 fms (680–686 m), 18 Jul 1932. Paratype: USNM 575145, 1 , 34 mm, W. L. Schmitt Sta 20–31, Gulf of Mexico, off Dry Tortugas, 283 fms (517 m), 7 Jul 1931.

trigonura, Abralia, Berry, 1913b:565–566. Holotype: USNM 214387, 1, 28 mm, Albatross Sta 4087, Pacific Ocean, Hawaiian Islands, Pailolo Channel, 10 ft Blake trawl, 308–306 fms (563–559 m), 21 Jul 1902. (Holotype was unique specimen. Specimen is no longer extant.)

trirostrata, Sepiola, Voss, 1962:172–173. Holotype; USNM 575329, 1 , 12 mm, Albatross Sta 5126, Pacific Ocean, Philippine Islands, Panay, Naso Point (locality is Naso Point, Panay not Nogas Point as published), dip net and submerged electric light, surface, 3 Feb. 1908. Paratypes: USNM 575330, 2 2 , 10–12 mm, same station as holotype.

tsugarensis, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:175, pl 23 (fig 4). Holotype: USNM 332972, , 36 mm, Albatross Sta 4810, Pacific Ocean, 41°17′20″N, 140°07′E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 195 fms (356 m), 16 Jul 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

validus, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:183–184, pl 24 (fig 3). Holotype: USNM 332971, 1 , 45 mm, Albatross Sta 4915, East China Sea, 31°31′N, 129°25′30″E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 427 fms (781 m), 12 Aug 1906. (Holotype was unique specimen.)

verrucosa, Eledone, Verrill, 1881b: 105–106, pls 5–6. Syntypes: USNM 577583, 1 , 100 mm, Blake Sta 312, Atlantic Ocean, 39°50′30″N, 70°11′00″W, 466 fms (852 m), 1 Jul 1880. USNM 729732, 1 , 58 mm, Blake Sta 305, Atlantic Ocean, 41°33′15″N, 65°51′25″W, 810 fms (1480 m), 28 Jun 1880.

yendoi, Polypus, Sasaki, 1920:179–180, pl 24 (fig 2). Holotype: USNM 332987, 1 , 43 mm (VML), Albatross Sta 4855, Sea of Japan, 36°01′30″N, 129°42′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 70–89 fms (128–163 m), 30 Jul 1906. Paratypes: USNM 577268, 5 5 , [22–48 mm] (VML), same station as holotype. USNM 332988, 1 , Albatross Sta 4858, Sea of Japan, 36°17′N, 129°40′E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 67 fms (122 m), 31 Jul 1906. (Specimen is no longer extant.) USNM 332989, 1 , [22 mm] (VML), Albatross Sta 4868, Sea of Japan, 36°32′N, 129°45′E, 9 ft Agassiz trawl, 150 fms (274 m), 1 Aug 1906. USNM 332990, 1 1 , [24–26 mm] (VML), Albatross Sta 4844, Sea of Japan, 36°34′N, 132°50′20″E, 12 ft Tanner trawl, 116 fms (212 m), 26 Jul 1906. USNM 332991, 1 1 , [18–25 mm] (VML), Albatross Sta 5048 (station number incorrectly listed as 5804), Pacific Ocean, 38°09′24″N, 141°52′30″E, 9 ft Albatross-Blake trawl, 129 fms (236 m), 10 Oct 1906.

zonatus, Octopus, Voss, 1968:647–654, figs 1–4. Holotype: USNM 576513, 1 , 19 mm, Pillsbury Sta 402, Caribbean Sea, 8°51′12″N, 77°01′36″W, 10 ft otter trawl, 73 m, 17 Jul 1966. Paratypes are at RSMAS (1 3 ).

____________

[*]The tragic loss of several late 19th century and early 20th century types occurred during the long period that the molluscan collections preserved in alcohol were housed apart from the shelled (dry) molluscs. Consequently, since they received little curatorial attention, they either dried up completely or deteriorated in inadequate preservative. In the 1950's G. L. Voss resurrected the long-neglected cephalopod collections, and since 1963 a separate room for alcohol-preserved specimens has been located in the Division of Mollusks, where constant curatorial care has been maintained since 1966.

Appendix

List of Species Arranged by Genera

Abralia

astrosticta

lucens (Stenabralia)

megalops

trigonura

Abraliopsis

falco

felis (Watasenia)

Alloposus

mollis

Ancistrocheirus

megaptera

Argonauta

expansa

Bathyteuthis

bacidifera

berryi

Batoteuthis

skolops

Benthoteuthis

megalops

Brachioteuthis

beanii

Calliteuthis

celateria, pacifica

corona

elongata

heteropsis (Meleagroteuthis)

miranda

reversa

Cheloteuthis

rapax

Chiroteuthis

calyx

famelica

lacertosa

Chiroteuthoides

hastula

Cirrhoteuthis

megaptera

plena

Cirroteuthis

macrope

Cranchia

globula (Liocranchia)

Crystalloteuthis

beringiana

Desmoteuthis

tenera

Discoteuthis

discus

laciniosa

Doryteuthis

reesi

Eledone

verrucosa

Eledonella

heathi

pygmaea

Enoploteuthis

anapsis

spinicauda

Euaxoctopus

panamensis

pillsburyae

Euprymna

albatrossae

phenax

scolopes

Froekenia

clara

Galiteuthis

phyllura

Gonatopsis

octopedatus

Gonatus

anonychus

californiensis

onyx

pyros

Graneledone

antarctica

macrotyla

Heliocranchia

fisheri

Histioteuthis

berryi, corona

eltaninae

macrohista

Illex

oxygonius

Laetmoteuthis

lugubris

Leachia

dislocata

Leptoteuthis

diaphana

Loligo

diomedeae

ocula

opalescens

roperi

Loliolus

rhomboidalis

Lolliguncula

panamensis

Mastigoteuthis

agassizii

dentata

pyrodes

Nectoteuthis

pourtalesii

Nototodarus

nipponicus

philippinensis, solani

Octopoteuthis

deletron

Octopus

bairdii

balboi

bimaculatus

bimaculoides

burryi (Octopus)

carolinensis

gracilis

lentus

maya

obesus

piscatorum

roosevelti

selene

stictochrus

zonatus

Ommastrephes

hawaiiensis

robustus

Oregoniateuthis

springeri

Phasmatopsis

lucifer

Pholidoteuthis

adami

Pickfordiateuthis

pulchella

Polypus

abruptus

alatus

apollyon

californicus

gilbertianus

glaber

hokkaidensis

hoylei

leioderma

minor, macropus

madokai

ochotensis

pricei

pustulosus

salebrosus

scorpio

spinosus

tenuipulvinus

tsugarensis

validus

yendoi

Pterygioteuthis

microlampas

Pyrgopsis

lemur

Rossia

bipapillata

bullisi (Allorossia)

equalis (Semirossia)

mollicella

pacifica

diegensis, pacifica

sublaevis

tortugaensis (Allorossia)

Sandalops

ecthambus

pathopsis

Sepia

carinata

kobiensis, albatrossi

prionata

Scaeurgus

patagiatus

Sepiadarium

gracilis

Sepiola

leucoptera

trirostrata

Stauroteuthis

albatrossi

hippocrepium

syrtensis

Stephanoteuthis

hawaiiensis

Stoloteuthis

iris

Teleoteuthis

agilis (Onychia)

compacta

Teuthowenia

corona (Ascoteuthis)

Tremoctopus

gelatus

Uroteuthis

bartschi

Watasella

nigra

List of Authors of Taxa

Berry, S. S.

apollyon, Polypus

astrosticta, Abralia

californicus, Polypus

compacta, Teleoteuthis

corona, Teuthowenia (Ascoteuthis)

diegensis, Rossia pacifica

ecthambus, Sandalops

famelica, Chiroteuthis

fisheri, Helicocranchia

gilbertianus, Polypus

globula, Cranchia (Liocranchia)

hastula, Chiroteuthoides

hawaiiensis, Ommastrephes

hawaiiensis, Stephanoteuthis

heathi, Eledonella

heteropsis, Calliteuthis

(Meleagroteuthis)

hokkaidensis, Polypus

hoylei, Polypus

iris, Stoloteuthis

leioderma, Polypus

lemur, Pyrgopsis

lugubris, Laetmoteuthis

macrope, Cirroteuthis

madokai, Polypus

microlampas, Pterygioteuthis

miranda, Calliteuthis

opalescens, Loligo

pacifica, Rossia

panamensis, Lolliguncula

patagiatus, Scaeurgus

pathopsis, Sandalops

phyllura, Galiteuthis

pricei, Polypus

scolopes, Euprymna

scorpio, Polypus

spinicauda, Enoptroteuthis

trigonura, Abralia

Burgess, L. A.

rhomboidalis, Loliolus

Dall, W. H.

expansa, Argonauta

Hoyle, W. E.

clara, Froekenia

dentata, Mastigoteuthis

diomedeae, Loligo

hippocrepium, Stauroteuthis

McGowan, J. A., and T. Okutani

felis, Abraliopsis (Watasenia)

Okutani, T., and K. Uemura

nipponicus, Nototodarus

Pearcy, W. G., and G. L. Voss

anonychus, Gonatus

Pickford, G. E., and B. H.

McConnaughey

bimaculoides, Octopus

Rehder, H. A.

bartschi, Uroteuthis

Roper, C. F. E.

anapsis, Enoploteuthis

bacidifera, Bathyteuthis

berryi, Bathyteuthis

Roper, C. F. E., C. C. Lu, and

K. Mangold

oxygonius, Illex

Sasaki, M.

abruptus, Polypus

alatus, Polypus

albatrossi, Sepia kobiensis

albatrossi, Stauroteuthis

beringiana, Crystalloteuthis

bipapillata, Rossia

carinata, Sepia

glaber, Polypus

minor, Polypus macropus

mollicella, Rossia

nigra, Watasella

ochotensis, Polypus

octopedatus, Gonatopsis

pustulosus, Polypus

salebrosus, Polypus

spinosus, Polypus

tenuipulvinus, Polypus

tsugarensis, Polypus

validus, Polypus

yendoi, Polypus

Stuart, H. G.

roosevelti, Octopus

Thomas, R. F.

gelatus, Tremoctopus

Verrill, A. E.

agassizii, Mastigoteuthis

agilis, Teleoteuthis (Onychia)

bairdii, Octopus

beanii, Brachioteuthis

bimaculatus, Octopus

carolinensis, Octopus

diaphana, Leptoteuthis

gracilis, Octopus

laceratosa, Chiroteuthis

lentus, Octopus

leucoptera, Sepiola

megalops, Abralia

megalops, Benthoteuthis

megaptera, Ancistrocheirus

megaptera, Cirrhoteuthis

mollis, Alloposus

obesus, Octopus

piscatorum, Octopus

plena, Cirrhoteuthis

pourtalesii, Nectoteuthis

pygmaea, Eledonella

rapax, Cheloteuthis

reversa, Calliteuthis

robustus, Ommastrephes

sublaevis, Rossia

syrtensis, Stauroteuthis

tenera, Desmoteuthis

verrucosa, Eledone

Voss, G. L.

adami, Pholidoteuthis

albatrossae, Euprymna

antarctica, Graneledone

balboi, Octopus

bullisi, Rossia (Allorossia)

burryi, Octopus (Octopus)

equalis, Rossia (Semirossia)

gracilis, Sepiadarium

lucens, Abralia (Stenabralia)

lucifer, Phasmatopsis

macrotyla, Graneledone

pacifica, Calliteuthis celetaria

panamensis, Euaxoctopus

phenax, Euprymna

philippinensis, Nototodarus sloani

pillsburyae, Euaxoctopus

prionata, Sepia

pulchella, Pickfordiateuthis

reesi, Doryteuthis

selene, Octopus

springeri, Oregoniateuthis

stictochrus, Octopus

tortugaensis, Rossia (Allorossia)

trirostrata, Sepiola

zonatus, Octopus

Voss, G. L., and M. Soliz Ramirez

maya, Octopus

Voss, N. A.

berryi, Histioteuthis corona

eltaninae, Histioteuthis

macrohista, Histioteuthis

Voss, N. A., and G. L. Voss

corona, Calliteuthis

elongata, Callietuthis

Young, R. E.

californiensis, Gonatus

calyx, Chiroteuthis

deletron, Octopoteuthis

dislocata, Leachia

falco, Abraliopsis

onyx, Gonatus

pyrodes, Mastigoteuthis

pyros, Gonatus

Young, R. E., and C.F.E. Roper

discus, Discoteuthis

laciniosa, Discoteuthis

skolops, Batoteuthis

Literature Cited

Berry, S. S.

1909.   Diagnosis of New Cephalopods from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37(1713):407–419, 9 figures.

1911a.   A Note on the Genus Lolliguncula. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 63(1):100–105, 7 figures, 1 plate.

1911b.   Preliminary Notices of Some New Pacific Cephalopods. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40(1838):589–592.

1912a.   A Catalogue of Japanese Cephalopoda. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 64(2):380–444, 5 plates.

1912b.   A Review of the Cephalopods of Western North America. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 30(1910):267–336, 18 figures, 25 plates.

1913a.   Notes on Some West American Cephalopods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia, 65:72–77, 2 figures.

1913b.   Some New Hawaiian Cephalopods. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 45(1996):563–566.

1918.   Report on the Cephalopoda Obtained by the F.I.S. “Endeavor” in the Great Australian Bight and Other Southern Australian Localities. Biological Results of the Fishing Experiments Carried on by the F.I.S. “Endeavour,” 1909–14, 4(5):201–298, 67 figures, 30 plates.

1920.   Preliminary Diagnoses of New Cephalopods from the Western Atlantic. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 58(2335):293–300, 1 plate.

1921.   A Review of the Cephalopod Genera Sepioloidea, Sepiodarium, and Idiosepius. Records of the South Australian Museum, 1(4):347–364, 4 figures.

Burgess, L. A.

1967.   Loliolus rhomboidalis, a New Species of Loliginid Squid from the Indian Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science, 17(2):319–329, 5 figures.

Dall, W. H.

1872.   Descriptions of New Species of Mollusca from the Northwest Coast of America. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 4:302–303.

Hoyle, W. E.

1904.   Reports on the Cephalopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 43(1):1–72, 12 plates.

McGowan, J. A., and T. Okutani

1968.   A New Species of Enoploteuthid Squid, Abraliopsis (Watasenia) felis, from the California Current. Veliger, 11(1):72–79, 2 plates.

Okutani, T., and K. Uemura

1973.   Rare and Interesting Squid from Japan, II: A New Species of the Genus Nototodarus from Japan (Oegopsida:Ommastrephidae). Venus, the Japanese Journal of Malacology, 32(2):39–47, 15 figures, 2 plates.

Pearcy, W. G., and G. L. Voss

1963.   A New Species of Gonatid Squid from the Northeastern Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 76:105–111, 2 figures.

Pickford, G. E., and B. H. McConnaughey

1949.   The Octopus bimaculatus Problem: A Study in Sibling Species. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 12(4): 1–66, 28 figures.

Rehder, H. A.

1945.   A New Genus and Species of Squids from the Philippines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 58:21–26, 1 plate.

Roper, C.F.E.

1964.   Enoploteuthis anapsis, a New Species of Enoploteuthid Squid (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 14(1):140–148, 2 figures.

1968.   Preliminary Descriptions of Two New Species of the Bathypelagic Squid Bathyteuthis (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 81:161–172, 7 plates.

Roper, C.F.E., C. C. Lu, and K. Mangold

1969.   A New Species of Illex from the Western Atlantic and Distributional Aspects of Other Illex Species (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82:295–322, 10 plates.

Sasaki, M.

1920.   Report on Cephalopods Collected during 1906 by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” in the Northwestern Pacific. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57(2310): 163–203, 4 plates.

Stuart, H. C.

1941.   A New Cephalopod Mollusk Collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 99(11):1–6, 2 figures.

Thomas, R. F.

1977.   Systematics, Distribution, and Biology of Cephalopods of the Genus Tremoctopus (Octopoda: Tremoctopodidae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 27(3): 353–392, 18 figures.

Verrill, A. E.

1873.   Results of Recent Dredging Expeditions on the Coast of New England. American Journal of Science and Arts, 5(25):1–16.

1876.   Note on Gigantic Cephalopods—a Correction. American Journal of Science and Arts, 12:236–237.

1878a.   Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North America. American Journal of Science and Arts, 16(20):207–215.

1878b.   Notice of Recent Additions of the Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North America, 2. American Journal of Science and Arts, 16(46):371–378.

1879.   Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North American, 7. American Journal of Sicence and Arts, 18(58):468–470.

1880a.   Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North America, 8. American Journal of Science, 19(19):137–140.

1880b.   Notice of the Remarkable Marine Fauna Occupying the Outer Banks off the Southern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science, 20(41):390–403.

1881a.   The Cephalopods of the Northeastern Coast of America, Part II: The Smaller Cephalopods, Including the Squids and the Octopi, with Other Allied Forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, 5(6):259–446, 33 plates.

1881b.   Report on the Cephalopods, and on Some Additional Species Dredged by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Fish Hawk,” during the Season of 1880. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8(5):99–116, 8 plates.

1882.   Notice of the Remarkable Marine Fauna Occupying the Outer Banks off the Southern Coast of New England, 7. American Journal of Science, 24(40): 360–371.

1883a.   Supplementary Report on the “Blake” Cephalopods. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 11 (5): 105–115, 3 plates.

1883b.   Descriptions of Two Species of Octopus from California. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 11(6): 117–123, 3 plates.

1884.   Second Catalogue of the Mollusca, Recently Added to the Fauna of the New England Coast and the Adjacent Parts of the Atlantic, Consisting Mostly of Deep Sea Species, with Notes on Others Previously Recorded. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, 6(1):139–294, 5 plates.

1885.   Third Catalogue of Mollusca, Recently Added to the Fauna of the New England Coast and the Adjacent Parts of the Atlantic, Consisting Mostly of Deep Sea Species, with Notes on Others Previously Recorded. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, 6(2): 395–452, 3 plates.

Voss, G. L.

1950.   Two New Species of Cephalopods from the Florida Keys. Rivista de la Sociedad Malacologica Carlos de la Torre, 7(2):73–79, 3 figures.

1953.   A New Family, Genus, and Species of Myopsid Squid from the Florida Keys. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 2(4):602–609, 18 figures.

1956.   A Review of the Cephalopods of the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 6(2):85–178, 18 figures.

1962.   Six New Species and Two New Subspecies of Cephalopods from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 75:169–176.

1963a.   A New Species of Cranchiid Squid, Phasmatopsis lucifer, from the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 13(1):77–83, 2 figures.

1963b.   Cephalopods of the Philippine Islands. United States National Museum Bulletin, 234:1–180, 36 figures, 4 plates.

1968.   Octopods from the R/V Pillsbury Southwestern Caribbean Cruise, 1966, with a Description of a New Species, Octopus zonatus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 18(3):645–659, 4 figures.

1971.   Cephalopods Collected by R/V John Elliott Pillsbury in the Gulf of Panama in 1967. Bulletin of Marine Science, 21(1):1–34, 6 figures.

1975.   Euaxoctopus pillsburyae, New Species, (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Southern Caribbean and Surinam. Bulletin of Marine Science, 25(3):346–352, 4 figures.

1976.   Two New Species of Octopods of the Genus Graneledone (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Southern Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 88(42):447–458, 3 figures.

Voss, G. L., and M. Solis Ramirez

1966.   Octopus maya, a New Species from the Bay of Campeche, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 16(3):615–625, 2 figures.

Voss, N. A.

1969.   A Monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic: The Family Histioteuthidae. Bulletin of Marine Science, 19(4)713–867, 37 figures.

Voss, N. A., and G. L. Voss

1962.   Two New Species of Squids of the Genus Calliteuthis from the Western Atlantic with a Redescription of Calliteuthis reversa Verrill. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 12(2):169–200, 6 figures.

Young, R. E.

1972.   The Systematics and Areal Distribution of Pelagic Cephalopods from the Seas off Southern California. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 97:1–159, 15 figures, 38 plates.

Young, R. E., and C.F.E. Roper

1968.   The Batoteuthidae, a New Family of Squid (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) from Antarctic Waters. Antarctic Research Series, 2:185–202, 6 plates.

1969.   A Monograph of the Cephalopoda of the North Atlantic: The Family Cycloteuthidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 5:1–24, 3 figures, 9 plates.

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