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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 449

Catalog of the Rutidermatidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

Anne C. Cohen and Louis S. Kornicker

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

Washington, D.C.

1987

ABSTRACT

Cohen, Anne C., and Louis S. Kornicker. Catalog of the Rutidermatidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 449, 11 pages, 1987.—A catalog of the myodocopid ostracode family Rutidermatidae includes all significant references before March 1986. Other data are presented concerning known distribution, biology, ecology, and life history of the 30 species in the 3 genera (Alternochelata, Rutiderma, Scleraner) of the Rutidermatidae.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Cohen, Anne C.

Catalog of the Rutidermatidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 449)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.27 : 449

1. Rutidermatidae. I. Kornicker, Louis S., 1919– II. Title. III. Series.

QL1.S54 no. 449 [QL444.085] 591s [595.3′3] 86–600283

Contents

Introduction

RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958

Alternochelata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982

Alternochelata nealei Kornicker and Caraion, 1978

Alternochelata polychelata Kornicker, 1958

Alternochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896

Rutiderma antiqua Herrig, 1981

Rutiderma arcuatile Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma chessi Kornicker and Myers, 1981

Rutiderma cohenae Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma compressum Brady and Norman, 1896

Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma dinochelatum Kornicker, 1958

Rutiderma fuscum Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma irrostratum Kornicker and Caraion, 1978

Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965

Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma lomae (Juday, 1907)

Rutiderma mollitum Darby, 1965

Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma ovatum Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma pax Kornicker, 1984

Rutiderma rostratum Juday, 1907

Rutiderma rotundum Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981

Rutiderma tridens Kornicker and Caraion, 1978

Species in Open Nomenclature

Rutiderma species, Hansen, 1925

Rutiderma species, Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma species, Deevey, 1968

Rutiderma species A, Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma species 1, Poore, Rainer, Spies, and Ward, 1975

Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma species A, McCain, 1984

Rutiderma species B, McCain, 1984

Rutiderma species indeterminate, Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma species, Kornicker, 1985

Scleraner Kornicker, 1975

Scleraner chacaoi (Hartmann, 1965)

Species Incorrectly Assigned to Rutidermatidae

Literature Cited

Requirements for Smithsonian Series Publication

Catalog of the Rutidermatidae (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

Anne C. Cohen and Louis S. Kornicker

____________

Anne C. Cohen, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007. Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Introduction

This publication deals with 1 of the 3 families of Ostracoda belonging to the superfamily Sarsiellacea (Kornicker, 1986:178), suborder Myodocopina, in the order Myodocopida (sensu Kornicker and Sohn, 1976, fig.2). The Myodocopida comprise 5 families with about 375 species of which 30 species belong to the 3 genera of Rutidermatidae. We have tried to include all significant references to the family published before March 1986. The endings of some specific names have been changed to conform to the neuter gender of the genus Rutiderma. In addition to the synonymies, the distribution of each taxon is given. No Rutidermatidae have been reported from the Arctic, Antarctic, and east coast of South America. While the absence of rutidermatids from the cold polar regions is probably real, lack of reports from eastern South America is probably due to lack of or inadequate collecting. Other sparsely represented regions include much of the Indo-West Pacific, most of the coast of Australia, most Pacific islands, and much of the tropical coast and islands of the Americas.

We list information on the biology, ecology, and life history of each taxon. Ecological data are mainly restricted to depth and substrate, but some publications reported stomach contents, temperature, salinity, parasites, juvenile stages, and clutch size.

We indicate the kind of type, depository of the holotype, and type-locality. The names of institutions holding many of the types listed herein are abbreviated as follows:

USNM = former United States National Museum, collections in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen = Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen.

Zoologisches Museum Hamburg = Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg.

We thank Elizabeth Harrison for preparation of the manuscript and for her patience with the many revisions. We also thank the libraries of the Smithsonian Institution (particularly Jack Marquardt and Carolyn Hahn), the Allan Hancock Foundation of the University of Southern California, and the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History for assistance in finding literature; L.B. Holthuis for advice concerning methodology, and Gerd Hartmann and Thomas E. Bowman for reviewing the manuscript.

RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896:626, 628, 639, 673.

General works: Skogsberg, 1920:31, 33, 156, 159, 165, 166, 168, 171, 173, 195.—Mertens, 1958, pls. 6, 10.—Poulsen, 1962:5, 11, 13, 339, 365: 1965:5–44, 47–50, 52, 56, 146, 147, 155, 451–454, 456, 457, 464, 465, 468, 481–483, fig. 152.—Hartmann, 1966:166, 168, 183, 185, 193, 200, 209.—Kornicker, 1975a:34, 35, 37, 38, 41; 1983:1–86.

Diagnosis, description: Brady and Norman, 1896:673.—Kornicker, 1975b:645, 646.—Hartmann and Puri, 1974:14.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3.—Kornicker, 1981a:30–36, 42, 43, 46–49, 52, 53, 55–57, 63, 66, 67 [compares to other families].—Cohen, 1982:183.—Kornicker, 1983:12–16.

Keys: Müller, 1912:34, 35 [Rutiderma].—Poulsen, 1965:17, 18 [Rutiderma].—Kornicker, 1975b:646 [south of latitude 35°S].—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:54.—Kornicker and Cohen, 1978:500.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:3, 4 [California coast].—Kornicker, 1983:16, 25 [genera worldwide, species of S.E. North America and Gulf of Mexico].

Regional works: East Pacific: Chile: Hartmann. 1965:328–332.—Kornicker. 1975b:645–682. Panama: Poulsen. 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 32–35, 43. El Salvador: Hartmann. 1959:195, 196, 198, 199; Kornicker, 1984:127–131. Baja California, Mexico: McKenzie, 1965:58, 62–66. California, U.S.A.: Juday, 1907:141, 142, 147–149.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:1–35. Washington (state). U.S.A.: Lie, 1968:274, 288, 550.—Lie and Kisker, 1970:2279.

West Atlantic: Bimini, Bahamas: Kornicker, 1958:224, 236–238. Continental shelf of S.E. North America and Gulf of Mexico: Kornicker, 1983:1–86.

East Atlantic: Bay of Biscay: Brady and Norman, 1896:673–675. West Africa: Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:54–73. Ivory Coast: Kornicker, 1975a:40–45. Southwest Africa: Klie, 1940:404, 406.—Hartmann, 1974:237.—Hartmann and Hartmann-Schröder, 1975:360. South Africa: Müller, 1908:92, 93.—Hartmann, 1974:237.—Hartmann and Hartmann-Schröder, 1975:360.

Indo-West Pacific: Indian Ocean: Mozambique: Hartmann, 1974:237. Red Sea: Hartmann, 1964:39.—Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 38, 41–44. Thailand: Poulsen. 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22–32, 34, 38, 41, 452. Australia: Kornicker, 1982:79.3–806.

General habitat: Marine, benthic: 1–560 (?1100, ?1834) m., lagoons, sounds, continental shelf, rarely continental slope. Pelagic: Juday, 1907:142.—Poulsen, 1965:41, 44.—Deevey, 1968:12—Kornicker, 1983:11.

Biology, ecology: Klie, 1940:404, 406 [substrate].—Kornicker, 1958:224, 236–238 [response to light, substrate, temperature, salinity].—Hartmann, 1964:39 [substrate]; 1965:328, 331.—Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1965:30, 31 [substrate].—McKenzie, 1965:58–60 [substrate, temperature, salinity, productivity].—Poulsen, 1965:22, 31, 35 [substrate].—Lie, 1968:274, 288, 550 [substrate].—Lie and Kisker, 1970:2279 [substrate, community].—Kornicker, 1975a:40—–45 [substrate, temperature, salinity]: 1975b:34, 35, 37, 38, 41–43, 46–49, 52, 53, 60, 62, 65, 70, 74, 80 [zonation, depth, food, eye size, clutch size, swimming bristles].—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2, 4, 10, 19, 25 [substrate, temperature].—Kornicker, 1982:793 [substrate, salinity]; 1983:4, 7, 11, 12, 24, 70, 85 [substrate, temperature, salinity, food, swimming bristles].

Parasites: Choniostomatid copepods found in Rutiderma darbyi and R. sterreri.

Life history and ontogeny: Poulsen, 1965:13, 28–31, 34, 37, 38.—Kornicker, 1975b:52, 74, 658, 660, 661, 665, 673, 674, 680, 682.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:63–65.—Kornicker, 1981a:30–36.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2.—Kornicker, 1982:794–799, 801; 1983:22, 25, 28, 33, 43, 51, 59, 67, 70, 77, 84.

Altemochelata Kornicker, 1958

Rutiderma (Altemochelata) Kornicker, 1958:236–238 [type-species, by monotypy: Rutiderma (Altemochelata) polychelata Kornicker, 1958; gender: feminine].—Poulsen, 1965:11, 17.

Altemochelata.—McKenzie, 1965:62.—Kornicker, 1975b:645, 646, 678.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:66 [keys].—Kornicker, 1983:16 [keys].

DISTRIBUTION.—Atlantic: Great Bahama Bank; northern Gulf of Mexico; off Mauritania and Spanish Sahara. Pacific: Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

HABITAT.—Marine, benthic, 1–560 m (questionable record at 1100 m; Kornicker, 1983:16) on substrates of sand, muddy sand, mud, Gorgonacea.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—1–6 brooded eggs, broken swimming bristles on adult females of A. sikorai, A. nealei, and A. lizardensis.

Alternochelata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982

Alternochelata lizardensis Kornicker, 1982:793–805, figs. 1–6 [female holotype: USNM: type-locality: “Lizard Island main lagoon…sand flat, depth 6 m” (Great Barrier Reef, Australia)]; 1983:12, 16, 25 [compares to other species].

DISTRIBUTION.—Lizard Island Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

HABITAI.—Benthic; low intertidal–12.3 m; sand flat near coral reef.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Adult male and female, A–1 male, 4–6 eggs, broken swimming bristles on females.

Altemochelata nealei Kornicker and Caraion, 1978

Altemochelata nealei Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3–6, 66–73, figs. 56–59 [female holotype: “Grigore Antipa” Museum of Natural History, Bucharest. Romania; type-locality: “Station X013 … 19°46′00″N, 17°08′00″W; 61 m…Islamic Republic of Mauritania”].—Kornicker and Myers. 1981:2 [mentions].—Kornicker, 1983:12, 16, 24, 25.

Altemochelata neali.—Kornicker, 1982:805 [compares to A. lizardensis; misspelling].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Atlantic off Islamic Republic of Mauritania and Spanish Sahara.

HABITAT.—Benthic, shelf-bathyal, 53–560 m (questionable record at 1100 m); mud, muddy sand, Gorgonacea washings, sand substrates.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Adult male and female, 2–3 eggs, female with broken natatory bristles.

Alternochelata polychelata Kornicker, 1958

Rutiderma (Alternochelata) polychelata Kornicker, 1958:232, 237, 238, figs. 46:6A,B, 59A–F., 86C–G] female holotype: USNM; type-locality: station “1 10F–2…Bimini Id., Bahama Ids”].—Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 43.

Rutiderma polychelata.—Hartmann, 1965:328 [mentions].

Alternochelata polychelata.—McKenzie, 1965:62 [inferred].—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:66, 73 [compares to A. nealei].—Kornicker, 1982:793, 805 [compares to A. lizardensis]; 1983:11–14, 16, 17, 25, fig. 5.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bimini, Bahamas.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 1–5 m; calcareous sand; about 29°C, about 37‰ salinity.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, juvenile female.

Alternochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983

Alternochelata sikorai Kornicker, 1983:1, 7–10, 12–14, 16–25, figs. 6–9 [female holotvpe: USNM; type-locality: “Sta EFG-2, in vicinity of East Flower Garden, continental shelf off Texas…27°53′N, 93°38′W…112 m”].

Alternochelata species A.—Flint, 1981, fig. 4.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana and Texas.

HABITAT.—Benthic, 61–137.2 m.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Adult male and female, 1–3 eggs; broken swimming bristles on female.

Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896

Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896:623, 627, 640–642, 673 [type-species, by monotypy: Rutiderma compressa Brady and Norman, 1896; gender: neuter].—Juday, 1907:147 [diagnosis].—Müller, 1908:90–92 [diagnosis, compares to other genera]; 1912:24, 34, 35 [diagnosis, key].—Skogsberg, 1920:165–168, 173 [systematic position].—Kornicker, 1958:236, 237 [diagnosis of subgenus Rutiderma].—Hartmann, 1965:328 [compares to Alternochelata].—McKenzie, 1965:57, 62 [diagnosis, compares to Alternochelata].—Poulsen, 1965:6–17 [diagnosis, general], 17, 18 [key], 43 [map], 52, 453, 456, figs. 151C, 152B.—Hartmann, 1966:129, 165, 183, 184; 1975:588, 589, 591, 681.—Kornicker, 1975b:645–648, 678 [diagnosis, compares to other genera, key to Antarctic species].—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2 [diagnosis, key to California species].—Kornicker, 1983:25, 26 [key to species of western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico].

DISTRIBUTION.—Between latitudes 45°N and 53°S. East Pacific: Washington (state), U.S.A.; Pt. Arguello, California, U.S.A. to Scammon Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico; El Salvador; Pearl Islands, Panama; Chile. West Atlantic: Bermuda, North Carolina to Florida, Bahama Islands; Gulf of Mexico: Florida to Texas; Caribbean Sea: Belize; Virgin Islands; Barbados. East Atlantic: Bay of Biscay; Ivory Coast; South West Africa; South Africa. Indo-West Pacific: Mozambique; Red Sea; Thailand; Melbourne, Australia.

HABITAT.—Marine, lowest reported salinity 30‰ (R. mollitum); mostly benthic, intertidal to 317 m (questionably collected at 1834 m) on substrates of sand, shelly sand, sand-mud and gravel, sand in Thalassia beds, ooze and sand, eel grass in tide pools, tuft-algae and coral-algae reefs, corals, gravels, mud, oyster shells, red sponge and algae, silty clay, clay; also collected in surface and bottom plankton (Rutiderma lomae, R. arcuatile, R. fusca, R. species).

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Juvenile sexual dimorphism (Poulsen, 1965:13); 1–4 brooded eggs.

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Annelids, diatoms, copepods, polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods, nematodes, crustaceans.

PARASITES.—Choniostomatid copepods (Rutiderma darbyi and R. sterreri).

Rutiderma antiqua Herrig, 1981

Rutiderma antiqua Herrig, 1981:682, 683, fig. 4; pl. III: fig. 7; pl. IV: figs. 1–5; pl. V: fig. 1.

DISTRIBUTION.—Lowermost Jurassic (Lower Sinemurian to Upper Pliensbachian), Thuringia, German Democratic Republic.

HABITAT.—Marly sediments.

MATERIAL.—Adults and juveniles.

REMARKS.—This is the only fossil record of the family. The small size of the specimens suggests to the present authors that they are probably Cladocopa.

Rutiderma arcuatile Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma arcuatile Kornicker. 1983:11–I 3, 25, 67–70. figs. 39, 40 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “East side of Bolongo Bay, St. Thomas Island, U.S. Virgin Islands…18°18′59″N, 64°53′45″W…intertidal”].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: Virgin Islands: St. Croix and St. Thomas Islands.

HABITAT.—Benthic, intertidal, shifting sands by rocks; planktonic near bottom, 9 m, outer reef.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, 3 eggs.

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Copepods.

Rutiderma chessi Kornicker and Myers, 1981

Rutiderma chessi Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2, 3, 31–34, figs. 19, 20 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “San Clemente Island, sta D-3”].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: off California, U.S.A.: San Clemente Island.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, 4 eggs.

Rutiderma cohenae Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma cohenae Kornicker, 1983:4, 11–13, 15, 25, 26, 62–67, 85, figs. 36–38 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “San Salvador, Bahamas…San Salvador Island, dump reef…about 4 m”].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: Key West, Florida, U.S.A. and San Salvador Island, Bahamas.

HABITAT.—Benthic; subtidal to 4 m; sand in Thalassia beds.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, 3–4 eggs.

Rutiderma compressum Brady and Norman, 1896

Rutiderma compressa Brady and Norman, 1896:623, 673–675, pl. 58, figs. 9–16 [holotype: unknown; type-locality: “one of these was from off the Cap de Penas (Bay of Biscay), the other from the Fosse de Cap Breton; depth, 150 mètres.”].—Darby, 1965:29 [compares to R. mollila].— McKenzie, 1965:62 [mentions].—Poulsen, 1965:6, 8, 9, 17, 18, 38, 43—Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:30, 646, 657, 675.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:2, 54, 65, 66 [compares to R. tridens].—Kornicker. 1983:25 [mentions]; 1985:3 [mentions]

[?] Rutiderma compressa.—Müller. 1908:53, 92, 93. pl. 7: figs 1–13 [questionably referred to R. tridens by Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:60, 65: “The carapace of R. tridens resembles that of the female of R. compressa from South Africa illustrated by Müller (1908, pl. 7:1). Müller's specimen lias beeil put into synonymy of R. tridens with a question, because the 1st antenna illustrated by Müller (1908. pl. 7:2) does not show a lateral bristle on the 2nd joint, but this could be because the illustration is a medial view of the limb. The 1st, 3rd, and 4th endites of the 6th limb illustrated by Müller (1908, pl. 7:12) have a different number of bristles than do the same endites of the two specimens of R. tridens described herein, but this could be the result of intraspecific variability.”].—Müller. 1912:35.—Klie, 1940:404, 406 [identification of African specimens needs verification].—Hartmann. 1964:39 [identification of Red Sea specimens needs verification]; 1966:183, 201, fig. 115b [after Müller].—Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1974:70, 76, 78, 84 [distribution].

Rutiderma (Rutiderma) compressa.—Kornicker, 1958:236, 237 [compares to R. dinochelata].

[?]Rutiderma africana.—Puri, 1966:484 [Puri credits R. africana Müller to Klie. 1940:404–448, but R. africana is not described or mentioned in the Klie, 1940 or Müller publications. Puri probably meant R. compressa instead of R. africana because Klie, 1940 lists R. compressa between Cypridina dorsoserrata Müller and Philomedes africana Klie, and Puri, 1966. lists R. africana Miüier between Cypridina dorsoserrata Müller and Philomedes africana Klie].

[?]Rultderma cf. compressa.—Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1974:48, 56, 77.—Hartmann, 1974:237.—Hartmann and Hartmann-Schröder. 1975:360 [identification of African specimens needs verification].

Not Rutiderma compressa.—Hartmann, 1965:328 [adults = R. gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975; juveniles = R. species A, Kornicker, 1975].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay: Cabo de Penas, Spain; Fosse Capbreton, France (fide Klie, 1940). [?]Southeast Atlantic: Lüderitz Bay, South West Africa; Simonstown, Atlantic coast of South Africa near Cape of Good Hope. [?]Indo-West Pacific: Al Ghurdaqah, Egypt, Red Sea; Tongaat, coast of South Africa; Xai Xai, Moçambique, Mozambique.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 150 m; [?] 1–2 m, subtidal; [?]shallow, sand; [?]rock and grave! beach, hummock-algae, tropical littoral; [?]rock-dwelling.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, A–1 female, juvenile.

Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma dinochelata— Darby, 1965:28, 56, 57, pl. 13: figs. 1–9, pl. 14: figs. 1–7.—Kornicker. 1975b:65, 74. [Not Kornicker, 1958.]

Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker.—Bradford, 1980:141, fig. 2 [deliberate nomen nudem].

Rutiderma darbyi Kornicker, 1983:2–7, 11–14, 17, 25, 36–47, 62, 85, figs. 18–24. pl. I [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Georgia continental shelf, 31°05′N, 80°35′W…26 m”]; 1985:25.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida, U.S.A.; Gulf of Mexico: Florida; Bahamas.

HABITAT.—Benthic; intertidal to 168 m; sea grasses; sediment between rocks; surface sediment of tidal flat with Diplanthera; fine to coarse sand; Thalassia bed.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 2–4 eggs.

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Annelids, diatoms, copepods.

PARASITES.—Choniostomatid copepods (Bradford, 1980; Kornicker, 1983:43).

Rutiderma dinochelatum Kornicker, 1958

Rutiderma (Rutiderma) dinochelata Kornicker. 1958:224, 236–238, figs. 46:8A,B, 57A–F, 58A–D, 86B.F,J [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Bimini area…Great Bahama Bank…bottom…1–20 meters”].

Philomedes lomae.—Kornicker, 1958:233, 234. figs. 46:7A,B. 52:A–E, 53:A–D, 86:A,E,I.—Poulsen, 1965:15,17 [recognizes specimens as male Rutiderma]. [Not Juday. 1907.]

Rutiderma (Rutiderma) donochelata.—Kornicker. 1958:297, fig. 86B,F,J [misspelling].

Rutiderma dinochelata.—Hartmann, 1965:328 [mentions].—McKenzie, 1965:66 [compares to R. judayi].—Poulsen. 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 43.—Kornicker. 1969:110; 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:675.

Rutiderma dinochelatum.—Kornicker. 1981b:8 [compares to R. sterreri]; 1983:11–14, 25–28, 70. figs. 10, 11.

Not Rutiderma dinochelata— Darby, 1965:28, 56, 57, pl. 13: figs. 1–9, pl. 14: figs. 1–7 [= R. darbyi Kornicker. 1983].—Kornicker. 1975b:65, 74.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: Bahama Islands: Bimini and Andros Islands.

HABITAT.—Benthic, intertidal–20 m; temperature: about 29°C; salinity: 31–42‰.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, juvenile female.

BIOLOGY.—Response to light (Kornicker, 1958:224).

Rutiderma fuscum Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma fusca Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 38, 41–44, fig. 12 [male holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: “Guardaga, Red Sea; surface” (perhaps locality is Al Ghurdaqah, Egypt)].—Kornicker, 1975b:70, 80.—Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.

DISTRIBUTION.—Type-locality only.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Male.

Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma compressa.—Hartmann, 1965:328 fpart: adults].—Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1965:25, 30, 33, 41, 45 [adults only], [Not Brady and Norman, 1896.]

Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975a:43 [nomen nudum]; 1975b:25, 29, 47, 60, 70, 74, 80, 646–657, 673–675, 678, figs. 406, 408–410 [female holotype: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg; type-locality: “Bahia Inglés, Chile. 41°48'S. 75°53′W; 12 m″].—Hartmann and Petersen, 1978:228 [location of types].—Kornicker, 1981a:67.

DISTRIBUTION.—Type-locality only.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 12 m; sand-mud and gravel.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 4 eggs.

Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma gyre Kornicker, 1983:4–8, 10–13, 15, 25, 54–62, 80, figs. 3035, pl. 3 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Gulf of Mexico off Galveston, Texas…28°10′N, 94°18′W; 53.5 m”].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: Florida shelf, U.S.A.; predominantly Gulf of Mexico: Florida to Texas.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 6.1–148 m.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 1–4 eggs.

Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 32–35, 43, fig. 8 [female holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: “SW-Bay, San José, Pearl Ids., Panama, E. Pacific; 9 m”].—Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi].—Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.—Kornicker, 1975b:70, 80, 678.—Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.—Kornicker. 1985:ii, iii, 1–27, figs. 1–9.

Not Rutiderma rostrata.—Hartmann, 1959:195, 196, 198, 199 [placed in synonymy of R. hartmanni by Poulsen, 1965; transferred to synonymy of R. pax].

DISTRIBUTION.—East Pacific: San Jose, Pearl Islands, Panama.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 9 m; ooze and sand.

LIFE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT.—Male, female, juveniles, life history, sexual dimorphism, swimming bristles (Kornicker, 1985).

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Nematode (in female), spheres and sclerites (in male).

Rutiderma irrostratum Kornicker and Caraion, 1978

Rutiderma irrostratum Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3–6, 54, 56–60, 106, figs. 49–51, pl. 31 [female A–1 juvenile holotype: “Grigore Antipa” Museum of Natural History, Bucharest, Romania; type-locality: “Station X053…21°47′00″N, 17°28′02″W; 260 m…Spanish Sahara”].—Kornicker, 1981a:67.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Atlantic off Spanish Sahara, Mauritania.

HABITAT.—Benthic; shelf-bathyal; 94–250 m; sand and mud.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Ovigerous female, A–1 female and male, juvenile.

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Harpacticoid copepod, polychaete, nematode in gut.

Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965

Rutiderma judayi McKenzie, 1965:58, 64, 66, fig. 3, pl. 1: fig. 2, [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Laguna Ojo de Liebre…Scammon Lagoon, Baja California…about 7 m”].—Kornicker, 1975b:678 [compares to R. species B].—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2–4, 25–31, 34, figs. 15–18.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific in Scammon Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico; San Diego and San Clemente Island, California, U.S.A.

HABITAT.—Benthic, 7–21 m; fine to coarse sands, mostly poorly sorted, quartz and sometimes shells principle components, surface water temperature and salinity: 18.5°C–25°C, 34–37‰ lagoon organic production rate: 50 mg c/m^3/day; part of lower lagoon faunal assemblage; 3 cm deep, eel grass in tide pools.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male.

Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma kalkei Kornicker, 1983:1, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 25, 73–80, figs. 44–48 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “South Texas continental shelf, off Port Isabel…26°10′N, 96°24′W…91 m″].

Rutiderma kalke.—Kornicker, 1983:12 [misspelling].

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico: South Texas shelf, U.S.A.

HABITAT.—Benthic, 91 m.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 3 eggs.

FOOD.—Nematode.

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma leloeuffi Kornicker, 1975a:2, 40–45, figs. 29–32 [adult female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Station 18, near Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast…5°12′05″N, 3°49′05″W, 20 m”].—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:2–4, 6, 54–56, 66, 103–105, fig. 48, pls. 28–30.—Kornicker, 1981a:67.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Atlantic: off Ivory Coast and Mauritania.

HABITAT.—Benthic; shelf-bathyal; 20–150 m; fine sand; water temperature and salinity: 28.9°C, 34.4‰.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, A–1 male.

Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma licinum Kornicker, 1983:2, 4–8, 10, 12–14, 25, 47–54, 85, figs. 25–29, pl. 2 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Gulf of Mexico, off Galveston, Texas, 53 m…28°16′N, 94°06′30″W”]; 1984:130, fig. 3c [compares with R. pax].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: North Carolina shelf, U.S.A.; Gulf of Mexico: Florida, Alabama, and Texas.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 17–68 m.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 1–3 eggs.

Rutiderma lomae (Juday, 1907)

Philomedes lomae Juday, 1907:141, 142 [syntypes not extant; female neotype: USNM, designated by Kornicker and Myers, 1981:10; neotype-locality: “33°34′15″N, 118°00′45″W”].—Müller, 1912:26, 31.—Skogsberg, 1920:380 [not in Philomedes].—Lucas, 1931:399 [mentions].—Poulsen, 1962:358, 395 [compares to Scleroconcha].—McKenzie, 1965:57 [mentions].—Poulsen, 1965:15–17, 22.

[?]Philomedes lomae.—Hartmann, 1956:230, 231, 247; 1957:60, 61, 76 table opposite p. 83 [identification of specimens from El Salvador needs verification].—Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1962:33, 34, 48.—Hartmann, 1962:171, 264 [identification of specimens from Chile needs verification].

Rutiderma lomae.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:1–4, 10–18, 34, figs. 5–10 [designates neotype].

Not Philomedes lomae.—Kornicker, 1958:233, 234, figs. 46:7A,B, 52:A–E, 53:A–D, 86:A,E,I [= R. dinochelatum].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: California, U.S.A. (locality data for Juday, 1907, in Michael and McEwen, 1915:133, 143): off San Diego, off Santa Catalina Island, and Oxnard; [?]El Salvador. [?]Southeast Pacific: Bay of Caldera, Chile.

HABITAT.—Planktonic, surface (Juday, 1907); benthic, sediment 9.8°C. [?]Benthic; upper sublittoral, shelly sand beach.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Male, female, juvenile female, 4 eggs.

Rutiderma mollitum Darby, 1965

Rutiderma mollita Darby, 1965:29, 58, pl. 15: figs. 1, 2 [female holotype: University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology; type-locality: “from 65 feet of water…offshore…vicinity of Sapelo Island, Georgia”].—Kornicker, 1975b:74.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:66 [compares to R. tridens].

Rutiderma mollitum.—Kornicker, 1983:2–7, 12, 13, 15, 25, 28–36, 54, 85, figs. 12–17.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: shelf off South Carolina to Florida; Gulf of Mexico: shelf off Florida, Alabama.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 5.4–190 m; salinity about 30‰ (Darby) and 35‰, 32°C, fine to coarse sand.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 3–4 eggs.

Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 38–41, 43, 44, fig. 11 [male holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: “Virgin Ids., West Indies”]; 1969:35, fig. 11c.—Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi].—Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.—Kornicker, 1975b:70, 80.—Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.—Kornicker, 1983:12, 13, 25, 28, 62, 67, 70.

DISTRIBUTION.—Type-locality only.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Male.

Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965:7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 18, 22–32, 34, 38, 41, 452, figs. 4–7, 150 [female holotype: Zool. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: “Thailand, Koh Kahdat; 8–10 m”].—Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.—Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:70, 74, 80.—Hanai, Ikeya, and Yajima, 1980:49.—Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.—Hiruta, 1983:674, tbl. 1.—Kornicker, 1985:14.

DISTRIBUTION.—Type-locality only.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 2–17 m; sand, gravel, corals.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, juvenile male, juvenile females?, 4 eggs.

Rutiderma ovatum Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma ovata Kornicker, 1975b:10, 29, 47, 60, 65, 70, 74, 80, 646, 647, 650, 655–673, 687, figs. 412–424, 432 h–k [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Eltanin Cruise 3, station 71, sample 71–26…31°05'S, 71°44′W to 31°06'S, 71°47′W; 192–176 meters…shelf…west of Chile”]; 1981a:67.—Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.—Kornicker, 1985:25, 26.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southeast Pacific: off Chile: 31°10'S, 71°56′W; 31°05'S, 71°44′W; 31°06'S, 71°47′W.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 192–176 m (shelf); [?]1834 m (probably not collected at that depth).

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, A–1 juvenile male, juvenile, 2–4 eggs.

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Nematodes, crustaceans, annelids, copepods.

Rutiderma pax Kornicker, 1984

Rutiderma rostrata.—Hartmann, 1959:195, 196, 198, 199.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:4 [note in synonymy that species not R. rostratum Juday, 1907]. [Not Juday, 1907.]

Rutiderma rostata.—Hartmann, 1959:195 [misspelling].

Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965:32 [part; includes only R. rostrata of Hartmann in synonymy].

Rutiderma pax Kornicker, 1984:127–131, figs. 1–3a [female holotype:Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, type-locality: “Off Mejanguera Island, Gulf of Fonseca, El Salvador, sublittoral…12 m”].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: El Salvador: Mejanguera.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 12 m; mud.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, 1 egg.

Rutiderma rostratum Juday, 1907

Rutiderma rostrata Juday, 1907:142, 147–149, pl. 20: figs. 8–13 [female holotype: unique specimen, probably not extant; type-locality: “Catch 612, Glorietta Bight, San Diego Bay, June 30, 1903” (32°40.6′N, 117° 10.5′W, 0 m, locality given in Michaels and McEwen, 1915:133, 143)].—Müller 1912:35.—Lucas, 1931:399 [mentions].—Poulsen, 1965:6–9, 17, 18, 22, 31–35, 43 [Juday specimens only].

Rutiderma (Rutiderma) rostrata.—Kornicker, 1958:236, 237 [compares to R. dinochelata].

[?]Rutiderma rostrata.—Lie, 1968:274, 288, 550 [specimens not available; identification needs verification].—Lie and Kisker, 1970:2279.

Rutiderma rostratum.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:1–10, figs. 1–4.—Kornicker, 1984:127–130, fig. 3b,d [compares to R. pax].

Not Rutiderma rostrata.—Hartmann, 1959:195, 196, 198, 199 [= R. pax Kornicker, 1983]; 1965:328 [mentions].—Poulsen, 1965:8, 11, 14, 17–22, 31–35, 38, 41, 43, figs. 2, 3 [= R. species].—McKenzie, 1965:58, 62–64, fig. 2; pl. 1: fig. 3, [= R. species].—Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.—Kornicker, 1975b:70, 80, 678.—Kornicker and Cohen, 1981:740.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: off California, U.S.A.: San Diego, Oxnard, Monticeito. [?]Northeast Pacific: Washington, U.S.A.: Puget Sound and off northern coast about 125°W between 47°N and 48°N.

HABITAT.—Benthic: 11–22 m; sand. [?]Benthic; 15–317 m; sand, sand and mud, mud, mud and gravel, fine sand mixed with shell fragments.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 2 eggs.

ECOLOGY.—[?]Community (Lie, 1968).

Rutiderma rotundum Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma rotunda Poulsen, June 10, 1965:7, 8, 17, 18, 22, 34–38, 43, 455, figs. 9, 10 [female holotype: Zoolog. Mus. Univ. Copenhagen; type-locality: “La Jolla, California, shallow water”].—Cohen and Kornicker, 1975:21, 26.—Kornicker, 1975b:70, 74, 80, 673; 1985:14.

Rutiderma californica McKenzie, July 15, 1965:58, 65, 66, fig. 4; pl. 1: fig. 1 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Laguna Ojo de Liebre…Scammon Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico”].—Kornicker, 1975b:673 [compares to R. ovata].

Rutiderma rotundum.—Kornicker and Myers, 1981:2, 3, 18–25, figs. 11–14.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: California, U.S.A: off La Jolla (Poulsen), Irvine Beach, Ocean Beach (San Diego), between Newport Beach and Laguna Beach; Mexico: Scammon Lagoon, Baja California.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 0.3–less than 22 m; shallow water, rocks with algae, eel grass, tide pools; fine to coarse sand, mostly poorly sorted, mainly quartz or shell, 18.5°C surface water, surface salinity 34–37‰, productivity about 50 mg c/m^3/day; eel grass and tide pool vegetation.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Females, male, juvenile females, 2–4 eggs.

Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981

Rutiderma sterreri Kornicker, 1981b:1, 2, 5–8, figs. 3–5 [female holotype: USNM; type-locality: “Harrington Sound, Bermuda…about 11 m”]; 1983:11–13, 25, 70–73, figs. 41–43.—Maddocks and Kornicker, 1986:282, pl. 90 [part].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: Bermuda.

HABITAT.—Benthic; intertidal–11 m; algae, grasses, oysters, shells, mud with grass, mud, coarse sand with Thalassia and Halimeda overlying mud, red sponge and algae, sand/ mud under rocks.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 4 eggs.

PARASITES.—Choniostomatid copepod (Kornicker, 1981:8).

Rutiderma tridens Kornicker and Caraion, 1978

Rutiderma tridens Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:3–5, 54, 60–66, 107, 108, figs. 52–55, pls. 32, 33 [A–1 juvenile male holotype, USNM; type-locality: “Station X051…21°48′01″N, 17°02′00″W; 30 m;…Spanish Sahara”].—Kornicker, 1981a:67.

[?]Rutiderma compressa.—Müller, 1908:53, 92, 93, pl. 7: figs. 1–13 [questionably referred to R. tridens by Kornicker and Caraion, 1978:60, 65: “The carapace of R. tridens resembles that of the female of R. compressa from South Africa illustrated by Müller (1908, pl. 7:1). Müller's specimen has been put into synonymy of R. tridens with a question, because the 1st antenna illustrated by Müller (1908, pl. 7:2) does not show a lateral bristle on the 2nd joint, but this could be because the illustration is a medial view of the limb. The 1st, 3rd, and 4th endites of the 6th limb illustrated by Müller (1908, pl. 7:12) have a different number of bristles than do the same endites of the two specimens of R. tridens described herein, but this could be the result of intraspecific variability.”].—Müller, 1912:35.—Hartmann, 1966:183, 201, fig. 115b [after Müller], [Not Brady and Norman, 1896]

DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Atlantic: off Spanish Sahara. [?]Southeast Atlantic: South Africa.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 30 m; sand.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—A–1 male.

Species in Open Nomenclature

Rutiderma species, Hansen, 1925

Rutiderma species.—Hansen. 1925:63, pl. 4: fig. 2.

Rutiderma species, Poulsen, 1965

Rutiderma species.—Poulsen, 1965, figs. 151c, 152B.

Rutiderma species, Deevey, 1968

Rutiderma species.—Deevey, 1968:12.

DISTRIBUTION.—Planktonic; northwest Atlantic: Sargasso Sea off Bermuda, 32° 10′N, 64°30′W, bottom depth about 3000 m.

Rutiderma species A, Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma (Rutiderma) compressa.—Hartmann, in Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1965:328 [part: N-1 male], [Not Brady and Norman, 1896.]

Rutiderma compressa.—Harlmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1965:30, 33, 41,45[N-1 mate only].

Rutiderma species A.—Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b:25, 29, 47, 60, 70, 646, 647, 656, 673–675, 678, fig. 425.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southeast Pacific: Bahia Inglés, Chile; 41°48'S, 75°53′W.

HABITAT.—Benthic; 12 m; mud with sand and rocks.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—A–1 juvenile male.

Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1975

Rutiderma species B.—Kornicker, 1975a:43 [compares to R. leloeuffi]; 1975b: 12, 16, 29, 60, 62, 80, 646, 647, 650, 656, 675–678, figs. 426, 427.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southeast Pacific: off Chile: 52°56'S, 75°00′W to 52°56'S, 75°00′W; 50°20'S, 75°20′W, Seno Contreras, Isla Gravello, Chile.

HABITAT.—Bottom, 92–101 m (shelf): 1–2 m, fine to medium sand, much attached algae, perhaps slightly brackish.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Male.

Rutiderma species 1, Poore, Rainer, Spies, and Ward, 1975

Rutiderma species 1.—Poore, Rainer, Spies, and Ward, 1975:31, 61.

Rutiderma species.—Kornicker, 1982:793 [mentions].

DISTRIBUTION.—Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne, Australia.

HABITAT.—Benthic; more than 20 m; silty clay and clay, salinity 34.95‰ (station data in Beasley, 1966:69–105, and Poore and Rainer, 1975:373).

Rutiderma species B, Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma species B.—Kornicker. 1983:1, 10, 12, 13, 15, 25, 26, 80–85, figs. 49–51.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico: South Texas Shelf, U.S.A.

HABITAT.—Benthic: 15 m.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Female, male, 1–2 eggs.

STOMACH CONTENTS.—Nematode.

Rutiderma species A, McCain, 1984

Rutiderma species A.—McCain, 1984:99.

DISTRIBUTION.—Arabian Gulf (northern area).

HABITAT.—Near-shore seagrass.

Rutiderma species B, McCain, 1984

Rutiderma species B.—McCain, 1984:99

DISTRIBUTION.—Arabian Gulf (northern area).

HABITAT.—Near-shore seagrass.

Rutiderma species indeterminate, Kornicker, 1983

Rutiderma species indeterminate.—Kornicker, 1983:3, 11, 12, 25, 85 [= one or more species].

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Atlantic: Florida shelf, U.S.A.; Bahamas: Andros Island; U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Croix, Tague Bay; Windward Islands: Barbados.

HABITAT.—Benthic, intertidal-subtidal; planktonic in water column above bottom.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—Male, A–1 juvenile male, juveniles.

Rutiderma species, Kornicker, 1985

Sarsiella species 1.—Bonaduce, Ciliberto, Minichelli, Masoli, and Pugliese, 1983, fig. 2:5.

Rutiderma species.—Kornicker, 1985:26.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea.

Scleraner Kornicker, 1975

Scleraner Kornicker, 1975b:645, 646, 648, 656, 678. [Type-species by original designation: Rutiderma (Rutiderma) chacaoi Hartmann, 1965. Gender: masculine.]

This genus comprises a single species.

Scleraner chacaoi (Hartmann, 1965)

Rutiderma (Rutiderma) chacaoi Hartmann. 1965:328–332, figs. 36–44 [A–l juvenile female holotype: Zoologisches Museum Hamburg; type-locality: “Golf von Corcovado, Kanal von Chacao, Südchile” (South Chile)].

Rutiderma chacaoi.—Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, 1965:24, 30, 33, 45 [station data, ecology].—Hartmann, 1966:129, 183, 184, figs. 73i, 106e [after Hartmann, 1965]; 1975:682, fig. 398a [after Hartmann, 1965].—Hartmann and Petersen, 1978:228 [location of types].

Scleraner chacaoi—Kornicker, 1975b:16, 24, 29, 47, 60, 62, 70, 80, 650, 656, 678–682, fig. 428.

Scleraner chacoi.—Kornicker, 1983:12 [misspelling].

DISTRIBUTION.—Southeast Pacific: Chile: Golfo de Chacao; 53°41′40″S, 72°0′45″W (shelf), Fortesque Bay, Straits of Magellan; 50° 16′42″S, 74°48′28″W (shelf).

HABITAT.—Benthic; 190 m; fine-grained sand with mud, detritus and rocks, temperature about 11 °C, 0_2 about 3.5 ml/I, 21.3 and 30 m, bottom coarse with much red algae and bottom of pea gravel with mud.

LIFE HISTORY AND ONTOGENY.—A–1 female, A–1 male, juveniles.

Species Incorrectly Assigned to Rutidermatidae

Rutiderma(?)species.—Bonaduce, Ciliberto, Minichelli, Masoli, and Pugliese, 1983, fig 2:4.

lncertae sedis.—Kornicker, 1985:26 [may be a larval ascothoracid (Grygier, 1985:296); distribution: Red Sea].

Literature Cited

Beasley, A.W.

1966.   Bottom Sediments. In J. Hope MacPherson, editor, Port Phillip Survey 1957–1963, Part 1. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 27:69–106.

Bonaduce, Gioacchino, Bruna Ciliberto, Genzianella Minichelli, Mario Masoli, and Nevio Pugliese

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Brady, G.S., and A.M. Norman

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Bradford, Janet M.

1980.   First Record of a Copepod Parasitizing the Ostracod Family Rutidermatidae (Myodocopina: Cypridinacea): Sphaeronella spinosa n. sp. (Copepoda: Choniostomatidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93(1): 141–144.

Cohen, Anne C.

1982.   Ostracoda. In Sybil P. Parker, editor, Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, 2:181–202. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Cohen, Anne C., and Louis S. Kornicker

1975.   Taxonomic Indexes to Ostracoda (Suborder Myodocopina) in Skogsberg (1920) and Poulsen (1962, 1965). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 204: 29 pages.

Darby, D.G.

1965.   Ecology and Taxonomy of Ostracoda in the Vicinity of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Four Reports of Ostracod Investigations (second report), 77 pages, 11 figures, 33 plates. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan.

Deevey, Georgiana B.

1968.   Pelagic Ostracods of the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda: Descriptions of Species, Seasonal and Vertical Distribution. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History (Yale University), 26: 125 pages, 65 figures.

Flint, Warren, R.

1981.   Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Benthos: Macroinfaunal-Environmental Relationships. Biological Oceanography, 1(2): 135–155, 7 figures.

Grygier, Mark J.

1985.   Lauridae: Taxonomy and Morphology of Ascothoracid Crustacean Parasites of Zoanthids. Bulletin of Marine Science, 36(2):278–303.

Hanai, Tetsuro, Noriyuki Ikeya, and Michiko Yajima.

1980.   Checklist of Ostracoda from Southeast Asia. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Bulletin, 17: i-v + 242 pages, 4 figures.

Hansen, H.J.

1925.   On the Comparative Morphology of the Appendages in the Arthropoda; A. Crustacea. Studies on Arthropoda, 2: 176 pages, 8 plates. Copenhagen: Gl Gyldendalske Boghandel.

Hartmann, Gerd

1956.   Zur Kenntnis des Mangrove-Estero-Gebietes von El Salvador undseiner Ostracoden-Fauna. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 12(2):219–248.

1957.   Contribución al conocimiento de la región de esteros y manglares de El Salvador y su fauna de Ostracodos. Communicaciones, Instituto Tropical de Investigaciones Cientificas (Universidad de El Salvador), 6(3–4):47–82 (I, Parte Ecologia); 83–108 (II, Parte Sistematica).

1959.   Zur Kenntnis der lotischen Lebensbereiche der pazifischen Küste von El Salvador unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Ostracodenfauna. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 15(2): 187–241, figures 27–48.

1962.   Ostracoden des Eulitorals. In Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, editors. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikküste und der argentinischen Küste Südpatagoniens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut (supplement), 60(3): 169–270.

1964.   Zur Kenntnis der Ostracoden des Roten Meeres. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 20(supplement):35–127.

1965.   Ostracodens des Sublitorals. In Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, editors, Zur Kenntnis des Sublitorals der chilenischen Küste unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut (supplement), 62(3):307–380.

1966.   Ostracoda. In H.G. Bronns, editor, Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, 5(1)(2,4,1):1-216, figures 1–121.

1974.   Die Ostracoden des Untersuchungsgebiets. In Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, editors. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der afrikanischen Westküste zwischen Angola und Kap der Guten Hoffnung und der afrikanischen Ostküste von Südafrika und Mocambique unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 69(3):229–520, 151 plates.

1975.   Ostracoda. In H.G. Bronns, editor, Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs, 5(1)(2,4,4):569–786, figures 374–474.

Hartmann, Gerd, and Gesa Hartmann-Schröder

1975.   Zoogeography and Biology of Littoral Ostracoda from South Africa, Angola and Mozambique. In Frederick M. Swain et al., editors, Biology and Paleobiology of Ostracoda. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 65(282):353–368.

Hartmann, Gerd, and Hans E.E. Petersen

1978.   Verzeichnis der Typen aus der Sammlung Crustacea des Zoologischen Instituts und Zoologischen Museums der Universität Hamburg. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 75:225–234.

Hartmann, Gerd, and Harbans S. Puri

1974.   Summary of Neontological and Paleontological Classification of Ostracoda. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 70:7–73.

Hartmann-Schröder, Gesa, and Gerd Hartmann

1962.   Beschreibung der Lebensräume und Ökologie. In Hartmann-Schröder and Hartmann, editors. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der chilenischen Pazifikküste und der argentinischen Küste Südpatagoniens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut (supplement), 60(1):5–56.

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1981.   Die polycopen Ostrakoden aus dem thüringischen Lias. Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften (Berlin), 9(6):675–696.

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1983.   Post Embryonic Development of Myodocopid Ostracoda. In Rosalie F. Maddocks, editor, Applications of Ostracoda. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Ostracoda (July 26–29, 1982), pages 667–677. University Park, Houston: Department of Geosciences, University of Houston.

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1907.   Ostracoda of the San Diego Region, II: Littoral Forms. University of California Publications in Zoology, 3(9):135–156.

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1940.   Beiträge zur Fauna Eulitorials von Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika, II: Ostracoden von der Küste Deutsch-Südwest-Afrikas. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 3:403–448.

Kornicker, Louis S.

1958.   Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science (The University of Texas), 5:194–300.

1969.   Relationship between the Free and Attached Margins of the Myodocopid Ostracod Shell. In John W. Neale, editor, The Taxonomy, Morphology and Ecology of Recent Ostracoda, pages 109–135. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.

1975a. Ivory Coast Ostracoda (Suborder Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 197: 46 pages, 32 figures.

1975b. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 163: 720 pages, 432 figures, 9 plates.

1981a. Revision, Distribution, Ecology, and Ontogeny of the Ostracode Subfamily Cyclasteropinae (Myodocopina: Cylindroleberididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 319: 548 pages, 174 figures, 185 plates.

1981b. Benthic Marine Cypridinoidea from Bermuda (Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 331: 15 pages, 10 figs.

1982.   Alternochelata lizardensis, a New Species of Myodocopine Ostracode from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia (Rutidermatidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95(4):793–806, 6 figures.

1983.   Rutidermatidae of the Continental Shelf of Southeastern North America and the Gulf of Mexico (Ostracoda; Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 371: 89 pages, 51 figures, 3 plates.

1984.   Ostracoda from the West Coast of Central America (Myodocopina: Cypridinacea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 97(1):127–134.

1985.   Sexual Dimorphism, Ontogeny, and Functional Morphology of Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965 (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 408: 28 pages, 20 figures.

1986.   Sarsiellidae of the Western Atlantic and Northern Gulf of Mexico, and Revision of the Sarsiellinae (Ostracoda: Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 415: 217 pages, 113 figures, 34 plates, 7 tables.

Kornicker, Louis S., and Francisca Elena Caraion

1978.   West African Myodocopid Ostracoda (Sarsiellidae, Rutidermatidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 250: 110 pages, 59 figures, 33 plates.

Kornicker, Louis S., and Anne C. Cohen

1978.   Dantyinae, a New Subfamily of Ostracoda (Myodocopina: Sarsiellidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 91(2):490–508.

1981.   The Relative Position of the Left and Right Lamellae of the Furca in the Order Myodocopida (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 94(3):739–744.

Kornicker, Louis S., and Brad Myers

1981.   Rutidermatidae of Southern California (Ostracoda: Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 334: 35 pages, 20 figures.

Kornicker, L.S., and I.G. Sohn

1976.   Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Morphology of Living and Fossil Thaumatocypridacea (Myodocopa: Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 219: 124 pages, 93 figures, 14 tables.

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1968.   A Quantitative Study of Benthic Infauna in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, in 1963–1964. Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, serie HavUndersøkelser, 14(5):229–556. Bergen.

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1970.   Species Composition and Structure of Benthic Infauna Communities off the Coast of Washington. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 27(12):2273–2285.

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1984.   Marine Ecology of Saudi-Arabia: The Nearshore, Soft-bottom Benthic Communities of the Northern Area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. In W. Büttiker and F. Krupp, editors, Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 6:79–101. Basle: Pro Entomologia.

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1965.   Myodocopid Ostracoda (Cypridinacea) from Scammon Lagoon, Baja California, Mexico, and Their Ecologic Associations. Crustaceana, 9(1):57–70, 6 figures.

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