SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution. Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series:

Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany

Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences

Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences

Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

Smithsonian Folklife Studies

Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space

Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology

In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.

Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover

I. Michael Heyman

Secretary

Smithsonian Institution

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 572

Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Cynthia Gust Ahearn

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

Washington, D.C.

1995

ABSTRACT

Ahearn, Cynthia Gust. Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 572, 59 pages, 1995.—The asteroid type specimens deposited in the National Museum of Natural History comprise 1183 lots representing 552 nominal species, subspecies, and varieties in 179 nominal genera. A taxonomic list of types reflects their current taxonomic status; an annotated alphabetic list is also provided. The format includes the original bibliographic citation for each species, catalog number, number of specimens, preservation, locality and collector data, synonymies, and remarks concerning status. An appendix of locality information is presented alphabetically by research vessel. A bibliography of relevant publications is provided. Problems concerning the status of W.K. Fisher's type specimens are summarized in the introduction and specifically resolved in the text.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)

Catalog of the type specimens of seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidae) in the National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution / Cynthia Ahearn.

p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 572)

Includes bibliographical references.

1. Starfishes—Type specimens—Catalogs and collections—Washington, (D.C.) 2. National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)—Catalogs. I. Ahearn, Cynthia. II. Title. III. Series.

QL1.S54 no. 572 [QL384.A8] 592 s–dc20

[593.9′3′074753] | 95-3644
| CIP

art The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.

Catalog of the Type Specimens of Seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

Cynthia Gust Ahearn

____________

Cynthia Gust Ahearn, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wahington D.C. 20560.

Introduction

The asteroid type specimens in the United States National Museum (USNM), now the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), comprise 1183 type lots representing 552 nominal species, subspecies, and varieties in 179 nominal genera. The author has examined and verified every type specimen listed. This is the first comprehensive published report of asteroid types in the NMNH, although species described by W.K. Fisher and deposited in both the California Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the USNM have been reported (Chaffee and Weitbrecht, 1984).

FORMAT.—The catalog is arranged as two lists, an annotated list and a taxonomic list. The taxonomic list is arranged by family in the classification outline proposed by Clark and Downey (1992:1–2); within the families, taxa are arranged alphabetically by genus, and then by species. Currently accepted generic combinations are used, and in some instances, it was necessary to create unpublished (junior synonyms) combinations in order to include the original species name in this listing.

In the annotated list of type specimens, the arrangement is alphabetical according to the specific names used in the original descriptions, and the information provided has been structured for consistency as follows: Species, or subspecies, Genus, (Subgenus), Author, year:page(s), plate(s), figure(s).

Type status, USNM catalog number, number of specimen(s), preservation, collecting vessel, station number, modifying locality, exact locality, depth, collector(s), expedition, date collected, condition of specimen(s) (where applicable), original depository and catalog number.

Remarks include any necessary verification and discussion of type status and correction of erroneous published information concerning the type(s) or type locality.

Synonymy, where applicable, includes first reference to the taxonomic change.

In 1920, A.H. Clark, curator of Echinoderms at the USNM, began the system of assigning catalog numbers prefixed with the letter E. Prior to this date, echinoderms shared a single series of catalog numbers with the coelenterate collections and no letter prefix was assigned. Both numbering systems are reflected in the asteroid type collection. Occasionally, a type specimen was incorrectly cataloged twice, and I used whichever catalog number was published—even if that was the more recent number, rather than the original catalog number.

An appendix of locality descriptions is provided for type specimens collected by a research vessel and assigned a station number. The appendix is arranged alphabetically by vessel. Collection information for specimens with descriptive locality or specimens from other sources, such as individual collectors, is provided in the text.

The bibliographic information includes both publications in which at least one species was described and the type(s) deposited in the USNM and publications cited in the text for species in which some taxonomic change has occurred, in generic placement, in documentation of synonyms, or in designations of lectotypes and neotypes.

SPECIAL PROBLEMS.—Nearly half of the asteroid types in the USNM were described and deposited by W.K. Fisher between 1905 and 1940. Fisher described many starfish species in preliminary reports and then expanded his descriptions with more specimens in his larger monographs (1911a, 1919a, 1928a, 1930). Due to this practice, the USNM asteroid type collection held hundreds of specimens that were examined by Fisher for inclusion in his monographs but can not be considered type material. Unfortunately, the California Academy of Sciences published an asteroid type catalog (Chaffee and Weitbrecht, 1984) based on incorrect information contained within the USNM collections. The original description of a species, no matter how brief it may be in Fisher's preliminary reports, must be the original citation. Only the specimens properly documented in the original citation can have type status, and the specimens examined by Fisher in subsequent monographs are simply voucher specimens or hypotypes and are not now included in the asteroid type collection.

In several of his preliminary reports, Fisher designated the type by a USNM catalog number, and in these instances, the status of the type material is unequivocal. However, he did not always clearly designate types, nor did he always publish catalog numbers in his reports. A list of type specimens labeled by Fisher but not referred to by USNM catalog number in the original publication precedes the taxonomic and annotated alphabetic listing of types herein.

Usually, Fisher described a single specimen and provided precise measurements for that specimen; sometimes he mentioned an Albatross station number or an Albatross locality that can be matched to a station number. In these cases, although the USNM catalog number is not published in the original description, the USNM holds the specimen with W.K. Fisher's handwritten type label. According to Article 73(a)(ii) of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1985), this is evidence of Fisher's intent to name the holotype, and the specimen is the holotype by monotypy.

In many of his preliminary reports, W.K. Fisher recorded Albatross locality information without stating the associated Albatross station number. The annotated type list records just the station number. Some Albatross station localities were recorded without providing latitudes and longitudes and these will have the descriptive localities provided in the text rather than the appendix.

Due to the large number of Fisher's preliminary reports with brief descriptions, complete references to his monographic reports are provided following the original citation for each new species in the annotated list.

In Parts 2 and 3 of his Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters (1928a; 1930), W.K. Fisher described both new subspecies and new forms of various taxa, which indicates that he clearly intended to use both ranks for his new taxa. According to Article 45(g)1 of the ICZN, the rule of interpretation can be applied to Fisher's intent to maintain his infrasubspecific ranks and therefore these are excluded from the asteroid type collection.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I wish to thank Frederick M. Bayer, Stephen D. Cairns, and David L. Pawson, all of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, for their assistance in interpretation of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. I would also like to acknowledge the help of Curtis W. Sabrosky, former Chairman of the Editorial Committee of the 1985 edition of the ICZN, who confirmed our interpretations of the Code. I wish also to thank Daniel B. Blake (University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois) and Philip Lambert (Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia) who kindly reviewed the manuscript and offered useful suggestions for improvement.

Type Specimens Labeled by W.K. Fisher but not Referred to by USNM Catalog Number in Original Publication

acanthonotus, Benthopecten Fisher, 1905
aciculosus, Acantharchaster Fisher, 1910c
actinocles, Zoroaster Fisher, 1919b
actinodetus, Astrocles Fisher, 1917d
alascensis, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1905
annectens, subsp., Henricia leviuscula Fisher, 1910d
anoplus, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1910c
asthenactis, Henricia Fisher, 1910d
borealis, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1910c
californica, Hippasteria Fisher, 1905
clarki, Ceramaster Fisher, 1910c
clarki, Cladaster Fisher, 1910d
claviger, Benthopecten Fisher, 1910c
coscinactis, Anteliaster Fisher, 1923a
coscinopeplus, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a
crassus, Odontaster Fisher, 1905
dissonus, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1910c
ectenes, subsp., Myxoderma sacculatum Fisher, 1919b
evermanni, Zoroaster (Myxoderma) Fisher, 1905
evoplus, subsp., Cheiraster agassizi Fisher, 1910c
exiguus, Solaster Fisher, 1910d
exilis, Brisinga Fisher, 1905
eximius, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1905
fecunda, Freyella Fisher, 1905
flexilis, subsp., Poraniopsis inflata Fisher, 1910d
furcilliger, Lophaster Fisher, 1905
gilberti, Dytaster Fisher, 1905
heathi, Hippasteria Fisher, 1905
intermedius, Acantharchaster Fisher, 1910c
jordani, Pteraster Fisher, 1905
koehleri, Hymenaster Fisher, 1910a
laetmophilus, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1910c
leiopelta, Hippasteria Fisher, 1910c
lepidonotus, Cryptopeltaster Fisher, 1905
leptocerama, Tosia Fisher, 1905
longispina, Henricia Fisher, 1910d
magister, Pedicellaster Fisher, 1923a
marsippus, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a
microplax, Freyellidea Fisher, 1917d
mordax, subsp., Zoroaster evermanni Fisher, 1919b
multispina, subsp., Henricia leviuscula Fisher, 1910d
mutabilis, Benthopecten Fisher, 1910c
ophiurus, Zoroaster Fisher, 1905
pectinatus, Bathybiaster Fisher, 1905
pedicellaris, subsp., Acantharchaster variabilis Fisher, 1910c
penichra, Lithosoma Fisher, 1917b
penicillatus, Persephonaster Fisher, 1905
perissonotus, Hymenaster Fisher, 1910a
propinquus, Leptychaster Fisher, 1910c
pusilla, Brisingella Fisher, 1917d
pusillus, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1905
pycnopodia, Aphanasterias Fisher, 1923b
quadrispinosus, Hymenaster Fisher, 1905
rhomaleum, subsp., Myxoderma platyacanthum Fisher, 1919b
sacculatus, Zoroaster (Myxoderma) Fisher, 1905
stereosomus, Echinaster Fisher, 1913b
swifti, Mimaster Fisher, 1905
synaptoma, Craterobrisinga Fisher, 1917d
temnochiton, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a
tenebrarius, Porcellanaster (Eremicaster) Fisher, 1905
tenellus, Mediaster Fisher, 1905
trigonodon, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a
validus, Cladaster Fisher, 1910c
variabilis, Acantharchaster Fisher, 1910c
vexator, subsp., Lophaster furcilliger Fisher, 1910d

Taxonomic List of Asteroid Types Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History

Class ASTEROIDEA

Order PAXILLOSIDA

Family LUIDIIDAE

Luidia armata Ludwig, 1905
Luidia asthenosoma Fisher, 1906a
Luidia avicularia Fisher, 1913c
Luidia bernasconiae A.H. Clark, 1945
Luidia ferruginea Ludwig, 1905
Luidia gymnochora Fisher, 1913c
Luidia heterozona Fisher, 1940
Luidia hystrix Fisher, 1906b
Luidia ludwigi Fisher, 1906a
Luidia magnifica Fisher, 1906b
Luidia orientalis Fisher, 1913c
Luidia porteri A.H. Clark, 1917c
Luidia prionota Fisher, 1913c
Luidia sarsi africana Sladen, 1889
Luidia superba A.H. Clark, 1917d

Family ASTROPECTINIDAE

Astromesites compactus Fisher, 1913a
Astropecten acanthifer phragmorus Fisher, 1913a
Astropecten americanus (Verrill, 1880b)
Astropecten americanus var. subgracilis Verrill, 1915
Astropecten articulatus (Say, 1825)
Astropecten benthophilus Ludwig, 1905
Astropecten brasiliensis Müller and Troschel, 1842
Astropecten callistus Fisher, 1906b
Astropecten comptus Verrill, 1915
Astropecten ctenophorus Fisher, 1906b
Astropecten eremicus Fisher, 1913a
Astropecten eucnemis Fisher, 1919a
Astropecten exiguus Ludwig, 1905
Astropecten hawaiiensis Döderlein, 1917
Astropecten irregularis pontoporeus (Sladen, 1883)
Astropecten luzonicus Fisher, 1913a
Astropecten nitidus Verrill, 1915
Astropecten nitidus var. forcipatus Verrill, 1915
Astropecten nuttingi Verrill, 1915
Astropecten ornatissimus Fisher, 1906a
Astropecten pectinatus Sladen, 1883
Astropecten pedicellaris Fisher, 1913a
Astropecten productus Fisher, 1906b
Astropecten pusillulus Fisher, 1906b
Astropecten sulcatus Ludwig, 1905
Astropecten tenellus Fisher, 1913a
Astropecten vappa inaequalis Fisher, 1919a
Bathybiaster robustus (Verrill, 1884)
Ctenophoraster diploctenius Fisher, 1913a
Ctenophoraster hawaiiensis Fisher, 1906b
Ctenophoraster marquesensis Marsh, 1974
Ctenopleura astropectinides Fisher, 1913a
Dipsacaster anoplus Fisher, 1910c
Dipsacaster antillensis Halpern, 1968
Dipsacaster borealis Fisher, 1910c
Dipsacaster diaphorus Fisher, 1913a
Dipsacaster eximius Fisher, 1905
Dipsacaster imperialis Fisher, 1917b
Dipsacaster laetmophilus Fisher, 1910c
Dipsacaster nesiotes Fisher, 1906b
Dytaster demonstrans Ludwig, 1905
Dytaster gilberti Fisher, 1905
Dytaster grandis grandis (Verrill, 1884)
Koremaster evaulus (Fisher, 1913a)
Koremaster evaulus spiculatus Fisher, 1919a
Leptychaster anomalus Fisher, 1906a
Leptychaster inermis (Ludwig, 1905)
Leptychaster pacificus Fisher, 1906a
Leptychaster propinquus Fisher, 1910c
Patagiaster nuttingi Fisher, 1906b
Patagiaster sphaerioplax Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster anchistus Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster cingulatus (Fisher, 1906b)
Persephonaster euryactis Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster euryactis brevispinus Fisher, 1919a
Persephonaster habrogenys Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster luzonicus Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster monostoechus Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster multicinctus Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster oediplax Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster suluensis Fisher, 1913a
Persephonaster tenuis Fisher, 1913a
Plutonaster agassizi (Verrill, 1880b) Plutonaster sirius A.H. Clark, 1917c
Psilaster abyssicola (Ludwig, 1905)
Psilaster andromeda florae (Verrill, 1878)
Psilaster armatus Ludwig, 1905
Psilaster attenuatus Fisher, 1906b
Psilaster gotoi Fisher, 1913a
Psilaster pectinatus (Fisher, 1905)
Psilaster robustus Fisher, 1913a
Psilaster sladeni Ludwig, 1905
Tethyaster aulophora (Fisher, 1911d)
Tethyaster canaliculatus (A.H. Clark, 1916c)
Tethyaster grandis (Verrill, 1899)
Thrissacanthias penicillatus Fisher, 1905)
Tritonaster craspedotus Fisher, 1906b
Tritonaster evorus Fisher, 1913a
Trophodiscus almus Fisher, 1917c

Family RADIASTERIDAE

Gephyreaster swifti (Fisher, 1905)
Radiaster notabilis (Fisher, 1913a)

Family PORCELLANASTERIDAE

Benthogenia cribellosa Fisher, 1911d
Eremicaster pacificus (Ludwig, 1905)
Eremicaster tenebrarius (Fisher, 1905)
Eremicaster vicinus (Ludwig, 1907)
Eremicaster vicinus var. inermis (Ludwig, 1907)
Eremicaster waltharii (Ludwig, 1905)
Hyphalaster moseri Ludwig, 1905
Porcellanaster nudus (Ludwig, 1907)
Porcellanaster semimarginalis (Ludwig, 1905)
Sidonaster psilonotus Fisher, 1913a
Styracaster monacanthus Ludwig, 1907
Styracaster paucispinus Ludwig, 1907
Thoracaster magnus Ludwig, 1907

Family GONIOPECTINIDAE

Ctenodiscus orientalis Fisher, 1913a
Goniopecten asiaticus Fisher, 1913a
Prionaster analogus Fisher, 1913a
Prionaster elegans Verrill, 1899
Prionaster gracilis Fisher, 1913a
Prionaster megaloplax Fisher, 1913a

Order NOTOMYOTIDA

Family BENTHOPECTINIDAE

Benthopecten acanthonotus Fisher, 1905
Benthopecten claviger Fisher, 1910c
Benthopecten cognatus (Ludwig, 1905)
Benthopecten moluccanus Fisher, 1913c
Benthopecten mutabilis Fisher, 1910c
Benthopecten pectinifer (Ludwig, 1905)
Benthopecten polyctenius Fisher, 1913c
Benthopecten spinosus Verrill, 1884
Benthopecten spinuliger (Ludwig, 1905)
Benthopecten styracius Fisher, 1913c
Cheiraster (Christopheraster) blakei A.M. Clark, 1981
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) diomedeae Fisher, 1917b
Cheiraster dispar (Verrill, 1915)
Cheiraster enoplus Verrill, 1915
Cheiraster gracilis (Verrill, 1915)
Cheiraster (Christopheraster) horridus Fisher, 1906b
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) inops Fisher, 1906b
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) ludwigi Fisher, 1913c
Cheiraster mixtus (Verrill, 1915)
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) planus Verrill, 1915
Cheiraster (Luidiaster) robustus (A.H. Clark, 1917c)
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) sepitus (Verrill, 1885)
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) snyderi Fisher, 1906b
Cheiraster (Cheiraster) triplacanthus Fisher, 1913c
Myonotus intermedius (Fisher, 1910c)
Nearchaster aciculosus (Fisher, 1910c)
Nearchaster insignis (A.H. Clark, 1916c)
Nearchaster pedicellaris (Fisher, 1910c)
Nearchaster variabilis (Fisher, 1910c)
Pectinaster agassizi (Ludwig, 1905)
Pectinaster agassizi evoplus (Fisher, 1910c)
Pectinaster mimicus hylacanthus (Fisher, 1913c)
Pectinaster mimicus palawanensis Fisher, 1919a

Order VALVATIDA

Family ODONTASTERIDAE

Acodontaster propinquus (A.H. Clark, 1917a)
Odontaster crassus Fisher, 1905
Odontaster hispidus Verrill, 1880b
Odontaster robustus Verrill, 1899
Odontaster setosus Verrill, 1899

Family GANERIIDAE

Aleutiaster schefferi A.H. Clark, 1939b
Hyalinothrix millespina Fisher, 1911b
Perknaster sladeni georgianus Fisher, 1940
Tarachaster tenuis Fisher, 1913c

Family ASTERINIDAE

Anseropoda antarctica Fisher, 1940
Anseropoda insignis Fisher, 1906b
Anseropoda macropora Fisher, 1913c
Asterina corallicola Marsh, 1977
Asterina coronata euerces (Fisher, 1917b)
Asterina orthodon Fisher, 1922b
Asterinopsis pedicellaris (Fisher, 1913c)
Mirastrella biradialis Fisher, 1940
Nepanthia variabilis H.L. Clark, 1938
Paranepanthia platydisca (Fisher, 1913c)
Paxillasterina pompom A.M. Clark, 1983
Pseudonepanthia gotoi A.H. Clark, 1916a
Tremaster mirabilis Verrill, 1879a

Family PORANIIDAE

Chondraster grandis (Verrill, 1878)
Porania pulvillus insignis Verrill, 1895
Poraniomorpha abyssicola (Verrill, 1895)
Poraniomorpha spinulosa (Verrill, 1879a)
Poraniopsis inflata flexilis Fisher, 1910d
Poraniopsis japonica Fisher, 1939 Poraniopsis mira (Ludwig, 1905) (junior homonym of Poraniopsis mira (de Loriol, 1904))

Family GONIASTERIDAE

Anthenoides epixanthus (Fisher, 1906b)
Anthenoides granulosus Fisher, 1913a
Anthenoides lithosorus Fisher, 1913a
Anthenoides rugulosus Fisher, 1913a
Apollonaster yucatanensis Halpern, 1970b
Astroceramus callimorphus Fisher, 1906b
Astroceramus lionotus Fisher, 1913a
Astroceramus sphaeriostictus Fisher, 1913a
Astrothauma euphylacteum Fisher, 1913a
Atelorias anacanthus Fisher, 1911b
Calliaster corynetes Fisher, 1913a
Calliaster pedicellaris Fisher, 1906b
Calliderma spectabilis Fisher, 1906b
Ceramaster arcticus (Verrill, 1909a)
Ceramaster clarki Fisher, 1910c
Ceramaster leptoceramus (Fisher, 1905)
Ceramaster simplex (Verrill, 1895)
Ceramaster smithi Fisher, 1913a
Circeaster americanus (A.H. Clark, 1916b)
Cladaster analogus Fisher, 1940
Cladaster rudis Verrill, 1899
Cladaster validus Fisher, 1910c
Cryptopeltaster lepidonotus Fisher, 1905
Diplasiaster productus (A.H. Clark, 1917b)
Evoplosoma forcipifera Fisher, 1906b
Evoplosoma virgo Downey, 1982
Fisheraster microceramus (Fisher, 1913a)
Floriaster maya Downey, 1980
Gilbertaster anacanthus Fisher, 1906b
Hippasteria californica Fisher, 1905
Hippasteria caribaea Verrill, 1899
Hippasteria heathi Fisher, 1905
Hippasteria leiopelta Fisher, 1910c
Hippasteria leiopelta armata Fisher, 1911a
Hippasteria kurilensis Fisher, 1911a
lconaster perierctus Fisher, 1913a
Lithosoma actinometra Fisher, 1911d
Lithosoma penichra Fisher, 1917b
Litonotaster africanus Halpern, 1969
Litonotaster rotundigranulum Halpern, 1969
Litonotaster tumidus H.L. Clark, 1920
Mediaster aequalis Stimpson, 1857
Mediaster bairdi (Verrill, 1882)
Mediaster elegans Ludwig, 1905
Mediaster ornatus Fisher, 1906b
Mediaster tenellus Fisher, 1905
Mediaster transfuga Ludwig, 1905
Nereidaster bowersi Fisher, 1906b
Nymphaster arthrocnemis Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster atopus Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster diomedeae Ludwig, 1905
Nymphaster dyscritus Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster euryplax Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster habrotatus Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster leptodomus Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster meseres Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster moluccanus Fisher, 1913a
Nymphaster mucronatus Fisher, 1913a
Paragonaster ctenipes hypacanthus Fisher, 1913a

Paragonaster formosus (Verrill, 1884)
Paragonaster stenostichus Fisher, 1913a
Peltaster cycloplax Fisher, 1913a
Peltaster hebes Verrill, 1899
Peltaster planus (Verrill, 1895)
Pergamaster synaptorus Fisher, 1940
Perissogonaster insignis Fisher, 1913a
Pillsburiaster ernesti (Ludwig, 1905)
Pillsburiaster geographicus Halpern, 1970b
Plinthaster ceramoideus Fisher, 1906b
Plinthaster comptus (Verrill, 1899)
Plinthaster nitidus (Verrill, 1899)
Pontioceramus grandis Fisher, 1911d
Pseudarchaster concinnus Verrill, 1894
Pseudarchaster dissonus Fisher, 1910c
Pseudarchaster granuliferus Verrill, 1899

Pseudarchaster intermedius var. insignis Verrill, 1895
Pseudarchaster jordani Fisher, 1906b
Pseudarchaster myobrachius Fisher, 1906b
Pseudarchaster oligoporus Fisher, 1913a
Pseudarchaster ordinatus Verrill, 1899
Pseudarchaster parelii alascensis Fisher, 1905

Pseudarchaster pusillus Fisher, 1905
Pseudarchaster verrili Ludwig, 1905
Rosaster cassidatus Macan, 1938
Rosaster mamillatus Fisher, 1913a
Rosaster mimicus Fisher, 1913a
Rosaster nannus Fisher, 1913a
Sphaeriodiscus ammophilus (Fisher, 1906b)

Sphaeriodiscus scotocryptus Fisher, 1913a
Tosia (Ceramaster) micropelta Fisher, 1906b

Family OPHIDIASTERIDAE

Andora (Andora) bruuni Rowe, 1977b
Copidaster lymani A.H. Clark, 1948b
Dactylosaster cylindricus pacificus Fisher, 1925

Dissogenes styracia Fisher, 1913c
Ferdina glyptodisca Fisher, 1913c
Ferdina sadhensis Marsh and Campbell, 1991
Fromia eusticha Fisher, 1913c
Fromia hemiopla Fisher, 1913c
Heteronardoa diamantinae Rowe, 1976
Leiaster analogus Fisher, 1913c
Leiaster callipeplus Fisher, 1906b
Linckia bullisi Moore, 1960
Linckia perplexus (A.H. Clark, 1954)
Narcissia gracilis A.H. Clark, 1916c Narcissia gracilis malpeloensis Downey, 1975
Nardoa tumulosa Fisher, 1917b
Ophidiaster alexandri Verrill, 1915
Ophidiaster bayeri A.H. Clark, 1948b
Ophidiaster bullisi (Downey, 1970a)
Ophidiaster lorioli Fisher, 1906b
Ophidiaster rhabdotus Fisher, 1906b
Ophidiaster squameus Fisher, 1906b
Ophidiaster tenellus Fisher, 1906b
Ophidiaster triseriatus Fisher, 1906b
Ophidiaster trychnus Fisher, 1913c
Paraferdina sohariae Marsh and Price, 1991
Tamaria halperni Downey, 1971b
Tamaria passiflora Downey, 1971b
Tamaria scleroderma (Fisher, 1906b)
Tamaria stria Downey, 1975

Family ASTEROPSEIDAE

Marginaster lepidus (Verrill, 1914b)
Marginaster paucispinus Fisher, 1913c
Poraniella regularis Verrill, 1914b

Family ASTERODISCIDIDAE

Asterodiscides helonotus (Fisher, 1913c)
Asterodiscides lacrimulus Rowe, 1977a
Asterodiscides tuberculosus (Fisher, 1906b)
Paulia aenigma (Ludwig, 1905)
Paulia horrida var. galapagensis Ludwig, 1905

Family OREASTERIDAE

Anthenea mexicana A.H. Clark, 1916c
Halityle regularis Fisher, 1913c
Pentaceropsis tyloderma Fisher, 1913c
Pentaceros hawaiiensis Fisher, 1906b

Family ACANTHASTERIDAE

Acanthaster brevispinus Fisher, 1917b

Order VELATIDA

Family SOLASTERIDAE

Crossaster helianthus Verrill, 1894
Crossaster scotophilus (Fisher, 1913c)
Heterozonias alternatus (Fisher, 1906a)
Lophaster densus Fisher, 1940
Lophaster furcilliger Fisher, 1905
Lophaster furcilliger vexator Fisher, 1910d
Lophaster suluensis Fisher, 1913c
Lophaster validus (Ludwig, 1905)
Lophaster verrilli A.H. Clark, 1938
Solaster abyssicola Verrill, 1885
Solaster benedicti Verrill, 1894
Solaster borealis (Fisher, 1906a)
Solaster caribbaeus Verrill, 1915
Solaster exiguus Fisher, 1910d
Solaster hypothrissus Fisher, 1910d
Solaster japonicus Fisher, 1911a
Solaster notophrynus Downey, 1971a
Solaster syrtensis Verrill, 1894
Solaster tropicus Fisher, 1913c
Xenorias polyctenius (Fisher, 1913c)

Family PTERASTERIDAE

Benthaster eritimus Fisher, 1906b
Diplopteraster multipes patagiatus Fisher, 1916b

Hymenaster bartschi Fisher, 1916b
Hymenaster blegvadi Madsen, 1956
Hymenaster cremnodes H.L. Clark, 1920
Hymenaster gracilis Ludwig, 1905
Hymenaster kieri Downey, 1979b
Hymenaster koehleri Fisher, 1910a
Hymenaster pentagonalis Fisher, 1906b
Hymenaster perissonotus Fisher, 1910a
Hymenaster platyacanthus Ludwig, 1905
Hymenaster purpureus Ludwig, 1905
Hymenaster quadrispinosus Fisher, 1905
Hymenaster regalis Verrill, 1895
Hymenaster reticulatus Sibuet, 1976
Hymenaster rhodopeplus Fisher, 1916b
Hymenaster trias H.L. Clark, 1920
Hymenaster violaceus Ludwig, 1905
Hymenasterides zenognathus Fisher, 1911d
Pteraster abyssorum (Verrill, 1895)
Pteraster acicula (Downey, 1970c)
Pteraster corynetes Fisher, 1916b
Pteraster coscinopeplus Fisher, 1910a
Pteraster (Retaster) diaphanus Ludwig, 1905
Pteraster hexactis Verrill, 1894
Pteraster jordani Fisher, 1905
Pteraster marsippus Fisher, 1910a
Pteraster obesus myonotus Fisher, 1916b
Pteraster reticulatus Fisher, 1906b
Pteraster temnochiton Fisher, 1910a
Pteraster tesselatus arcuatus Fisher, 191la
Pteraster trigonodon Fisher, 1910a

Family MYXASTERIDAE

Asthenactis fisheri Alton, 1966
Asthenactis papyraceus Fisher, 1906b
Myxaster medusa (Fisher, 1913c)
Pythonaster atlantidis A.H. Clark, 1948a
Pythonaster pacificus Downey, 1979a

Family KORETHRASTERIDAE

Peribolaster biserialis Fisher, 1905

Order SPINULOSIDA

Family ECHINASTERIDAE

Echinaster graminicola Campbell and Turner, 1984

Echinaster guyanensis A.M. Clark, 1987
Echinaster parvispinus A.H. Clark, 1916c
Echinaster paucispinus A.M. Clark, 1987
Echinaster sepositus madseni Clark and Tortonese, 1986
Echinaster stereosomus Fisher, 1913b
Henricia arctica Verrill, 1914a
Henricia arcystata Fisher, 1917b
Henricia aspera Fisher, 1906a
Henricia asthenactis Fisher, 1910d Henricia clarki Fisher, 1910d
Henricia downeyae A.M. Clark, 1987
Henricia gracilis (Ludwig, 1905)
Henricia leviuscula (Stimpson, 1857)
Henricia leviuscula annectens Fisher, 1910d
Henricia leviuscula dyscrita Fisher, 1911a
Henricia leviuscula multispina Fisher, 1910d
Henricia lisa A.H. Clark, 1949
Henricia longispina Fisher, 1910d
Henricia longispina aleutica Fisher, 1911a
Henricia microplax Fisher, 1917b
Henricia microspina Verrill, 1915
Henricia nana (Ludwig, 1905)
Henricia pauperrima Fisher, 1906b
Henricia polyacantha Fisher, 1906a
Henricia robusta Fisher, 1906b
Henricia seminuda (A.H. Clark, 1916c)
Odontohenricia fisheri Rowe and Albertson, 1988

Odontohenricia hayashii Rowe and Albertson, 1988

Rhopiella koehleri Fisher, 1940

Order FORCIPULATIDA

Family ZOROASTERIDAE

Bythiolophus acanthinus Fisher, 1916b
Cnemidaster nudus (Ludwig, 1905)
Doraster constellatus Downey, 1970b
Doraster qawashqari Moyano and Larrain, 1976
Myxoderma platyacanthum (H.L. Clark, 1913)
Myxoderma platyacanthum rhomaleum Fisher, 1919b
Myxoderma sacculatum (Fisher, 1905)
Myxoderma sacculatum ectenes Fisher, 1919b
Zoroaster actinocles Fisher, 1919b
Zoroaster carinatus philippinensis Fisher, 1916b
Zoroaster diomedeae Verrill, 1884
Zoroaster evermanni (Fisher, 1905)
Zoroaster evermanni mordax Fisher, 1919b
Zoroaster hirsutus Ludwig, 1905
Zoroaster longispinus Ludwig, 1905
Zoroaster magnificus Ludwig, 1905
Zoroaster microporus Fisher, 1916b
Zoroaster ophiactis Fisher, 1916b
Zoroaster ophiurus Fisher, 1905
Zoroaster perarmatus H.L. Clark, 1920
Zoroaster spinulosus Fisher, 1906b

Family NEOMORPHASTERIDAE

Neomorphaster forcipatus Verrill, 1894

Family ASTERIIDAE

Allostichaster hartti (Rathbun, 1879)
Allostichaster hebes (Verrill, 1915)
Anasterias rugispina (Stimpson, 1862)
Anasterias rupicola (Verrill, 1876)
Aphanasterias pycnopodia Fisher, 1923b
Asterias amurensis forma anomala (Verrill, 1909a)
Asterias arenicola Stimpson, 1862
Asterias rathbuni var. nortonensis (Verrill, 1909a)
Astrometis sertulifera (Xantus, 1861)
Coscinasterias acutispina (Stimpson, 1862)
Diplasterias octoradiata (Koehler, 1914) (junior homonym of Diplasterias octoradiata (Studer, 1885))
Distolasterias elegans Djakonov, 1931
Distolasterias hypacantha Fisher, 1917b
Distolasterias robusta (Ludwig, 1905)
Evasterias echinosoma Fisher, 1926b
Evasterias troscheli (Stimpson, 1862)
Leptasterias acervata (Stimpson, 1862)
Leptasterias aequalis (Stimpson, 1862)
Leptasterias alaskensis asiatica Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias alaskensis multispina Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias aleutica Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias arctica Murdoch, 1885
Leptasterias asteira Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias austera (Verrill, 1895)
Leptasterias bartletti A.H. Clark, 1940
Leptasterias coei truculenta Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias compta (Stimpson, 1862)
Leptasterias groenlandica forma cribraria (Stimpson, 1862)
Leptasterias hexactis (Stimpson, 1862)
Leptasterias hispidella Verrill, 1895
Leptasterias hylodes Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias leptodoma Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias littoralis (Stimpson, 1853)
Leptasterias ochotensis (Brandt, 1851)
Leptasterias polaris acervata forma polythela (Verrill, 1909a)
Leptasterias polaris katherinae (Gray, 1840)
Leptasterias pusilla Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias stolacantha Fisher, 1930
Leptasterias tenera (Stimpson, 1862)
Lysastrosoma anthosticta Fisher, 1922a
Marthasterias madeirensis (Stimpson, 1862)
Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson, 1857)
Pisaster brevispinus forma paucispinus (Stimpson, 1862)
Pisaster fissispina (Stimpson, 1862)
Pisaster giganteus (Stimpson, 1857)
Pisaster giganteus capitatus (Stimpson, 1862)
Pisaster lutkeni (Stimpson, 1862)
Pisaster ochraceus forma confertus (Stimpson, 1862)
Pisaster ochraceus segnis Fisher, 1926a
Psalidaster mordax Fisher, 1940
Sclerasterias alexandri (Ludwig, 1905)
Sclerasterias euplecta (Fisher, 1906b)
Sclerasterias heteropaes Fisher, 1924a
Sclerasterias tanneri (Verrill, 1880b)
Smilasterias triremis (Sladen, 1889)
Stephanasterias albulus (Stimpson, 1853)
Stylasterias paschae H.L. Clark, 1920
Tarsastrocles verrilli (Fisher, 1906b)
Uniophora globifera Gray, 1840
Urasterias enopla (Verrill, 1895)

Family PEDICELLASTERIDAE

Ampheraster alaminos Downey, 1971c
Ampheraster atactus Fisher, 1928a
Ampheraster chiroplus Fisher, 1928a
Ampheraster distichopus (Fisher, 1917b)
Ampheraster hyperoncus (H.L. Clark, 1913)
Ampheraster marianus (Ludwig, 1905)
Anteliaster australis Fisher, 1940
Anteliaster coscinactis Fisher, 1923a
Anteliaster coscinactis megatretus Fisher, 1928a
Anteliaster microgenys Fisher, 1928a
Anteliaster microgenys nannodes Fisher, 1928a
Hydrasterias diomedeae Ludwig, 1905
Hydrasterias improvisa (Ludwig, 1905)
Pedicellaster magister Fisher, 1923a
Pedicellaster magister megalabis Fisher, 1928a
Pedicellaster magister orientalis Fisher, 1928a
Peranaster chirophorus (Fisher, 1917b)
Tarsaster alaskanus Fisher, 1928a
Tarsaster cocosanus (Ludwig, 1905)
Tarsaster galapagensis (Ludwig, 1905)

Family LABIDIASTERIDAE

Coronaster briareus (Verrill, 1882)
Coronaster eclipes Fisher, 1925
Coronaster halicepus Fisher, 1917a
Coronaster marchenus Ziesenhenne, 1942
Rathbunaster californicus Fisher, 1906a

Family HELIASTERIDAE

Heliaster kubiniji Xantus, 1861
Heliaster microbrachia Xantus, 1861
Heliaster morrisoni A.H. Clark, 1946

Order BRISINGIDA

Family BRISINGIDAE

Astrolirus panamensis (Ludwig, 1905)
Astrostephane acanthogenys (Fisher, 1916b)
Astrostephane moluccana (Fisher, 1916b)
Brisinga alberti Fisher, 1906b
Brisinga analoga (Fisher, 1919a)
Brisinga costata Verrill, 1884
Brisinga eucoryne Fisher, 1916b
Brisinga evermanni Fisher, 1906b
Brisinga panopla Fisher, 1906b
Brisinga synaptoma (Fisher, 1917d)
Brisinga trachydisca Fisher, 1916b
Brisinga variispina Ludwig, 1905
Brisingella exilis (Fisher, 1905)
Brisingella fragilis (Fisher, 1906b)
Brisingella monacantha H.L. Clark, 1920
Brisingella pannychia Fisher, 1928a
Brisingella pusilla Fisher, 1917d
Brisingella tenella (Ludwig, 1905)
Brisingenes anchista Fisher, 1919a
Brisingenes mimica (Fisher, 1916b)
Brisingenes multicostata (Verrill, 1894)
Midgardia xandaros Downey, 1972
Novodinia americana (Verrill, 1880a)
Novodinia antillensis (A.H. Clark, 1934)
Novodinia magister (Fisher, 1917b)
Novodinia pacifica (Fisher, 1906b)
Novodinia penichra (Fisher, 1916b)
Odinella nutrix Fisher, 1940
Stegnobrisinga placoderma (Fisher, 1916b)

Family FREYELLIDAE

Freyastera mexicana (A.H. Clark, 1939a)
Freyella actinodetus (Fisher, 1917d)
Freyella aspera Verrill, 1894
Freyella brevispina (H.L. Clark, 1920)
Freyella elegans (Verrill, 1884)
Freyella insignis Ludwig, 1905
Freyella microplax (Fisher, 1917d)
Freyella microspina Verrill, 1894
Freyella octoradiata (H.L. Clark, 1920)
Freyella oligobrachia (H.L. Clark, 1920)
Freyella pacifica Ludwig, 1905
Freyella propinqua Ludwig, 1905
Freyellaster fecundus (Fisher, 1905)
Freyellaster scalaris (A.H. Clark, 1916d)
Freyellaster spatulifer (Fisher, 1916b)

Annotated Alphabetic List of Asteroid Types Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History

abyssicola, Plutonaster Ludwig, 1905:30–35, pl. 3: figs. 13, 14; pl. 19: figs. 102–106.

Syntypes: USNM 34420 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3360.

USNM 34421 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3393.

USNM 34422 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3392.

= Psilaster pectinatus (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:72–78).

abyssicola, Rhegaster Verrill, 1895:140.

Holotype: USNM 8140 (1 dry), Albatross 2226.

= Poraniomorpha abyssicola (Verrill, 1895). See Grieg (1907:42).

abyssicola, Solaster Verrill, 1885:152.

Syntypes: USNM E1592 (1 dry), Albatross 2222.

USNM E1595 (1 dry), Albatross 2222.

USNM E1561 (1 dry), Albatross station not recorded, Massachusetts, Martha's Vineyard; 1884.

USNM 38069 (2 alcohol), Albatross 2115.

USNM E38827 (1 dry), Albatross 2222.

abyssorum, Lophopteraster Verrill, 1895:203.

Syntype: USNM 8141 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2226.

Remarks: Although Verrill described two specimens from this station, only one could be found.

= Pteraster abyssorum (Verrill, 1895). See Fisher (1911a:344).

acanthinus, Bythiolophus Fisher, 1916b:31. (Fisher, 1919a:485–487, pl. 135: figs. 1, 1a–c; pl. 139: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 37011 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5648.

acanthogenys, Brisinga Fisher, 1916b:33, (Fisher, 1919a:528–530, pl. 148: figs. 1–3; pl. 153: figs. 1, 1a–d.)

Holotype: USNM 37023 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5440.

= Astrostephane acanthogenys (Fisher, 1916). See Fisher (1917b:421).

acanthonotus, Benthopecten Fisher, 1905:299–300. (Fisher, 1911a:144–147, pl. 22: fig. 2; pl. 23: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 22330 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4387.

acervata, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:271–272.

Syntypes: USNM 1365 (1 alcohol), Alaska, Bering Strait; 5–15 fm (9–27 m); North Pacific Exploring Expedition, W. Stimpson. Specimen deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, in poor condition.

USNM 1366 (1 dry), Alaska, Bering Strait; 5–15 fm (9–27 m); North Pacific Exploring Expedition, W. Stimpson.

USNM 1367 (1 dry), Alaska, Bering Strait; 5–15 fm (9–27 m); North Pacific Exploring Expedition, W. Stimpson.

= Leptasterias polaris (Müller and Troschel, 1842). See Clark and Downey (1992:441–442).

acicula, Marsipaster Downey, 1970c:309–311, fig. 1, A, B.

Holotype: USNM 18416 (1 dry), Albatross 2642.

Paratypes: USNM 10447 (2 dry), Albatross 2401.

= Pteraster acicula (Downey, 1970). See Downey (1973:79).

aciculosus, Acantharchaster Fisher, 1910c:550. (Fisher, 1911 a:133–136, pl. 24: fig. 1; pl. 55: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 27799 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4402, California, San Clemente Island, east point Northwest Harbor; 542–599 fm (991–1096 m); 8 April 1904.

Paratype: USNM 32149(1 alcohol), Albatross 4381, California, vicinity of San Diego, south point North Coronado Island; 618–667 fm (1130–1220 m); 18 March 1904.

= Nearchaster aciculosus (Fisher, 1910). See Fisher (1911c:91).

actinocles, Zoroaster Fisher, 1919b:390–391. (Fisher, 1928a:37–40, pl. 13: figs. 2, 2a–c; pl. 18: fig. 1; pl. 20: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 37039 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4765.

actinodetus, Astrocles Fisher, 1917d:430–431. (Fisher, 1928a:29–31, pl. 11: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM E1416 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2859.

= Freyella actinodetus (Fisher, 1917). See Downey (1986:43).

actinometra, Lithosoma Fisher, 1911d:422–424. (Fisher, 1919a:298–301, pl. 76: figs. 1, 3; pl. 84: fig. 2; pl. 85: fig. 2; pl. 93: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 28658 (1 dry), Albatross 5272.

acutispina, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:262–263.

Syntypes: USNM 1231 (1 dry), Japan, Ousima; North Pacific Exploring Expedition, W. Stimpson.

USNM 1234 (1 alcohol), Japan, Ousima; North Pacific Exploring Expedition, W. Stimpson.

Remarks: Stimpson reported four specimens in the USNM collections, but two cannot be found.

= Coscinasterias acutispina (Stimpson, 1862). See Fisher (1925:82–83).

aenigma, Pauliella Ludwig, 1905:151–156, pl. 12: figs. 58–60; pl. 23: fig. 133; pl. 24: fig. 138; pl. 25: fig. 144; pl. 26: fig. 145.

Syntype: USNM 34431 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3368. Specimen in fair condition, abactinal wall missing, some fragments.

= Paulia horrida Gray, 1840. See Döderlein (1936:318) and Rowe (1977a:210–211).

aequalis, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:273.

Holotype: USNM 1372 (1 dry), California, Monterey; A.S. Taylor.

Paratypes: USNM E43002 (2 dry), California, Monterey; A.S. Taylor.

= Leptasterias aequalis (Stimpson, 1862). See Verrill (1914a:128–130).

aequalis, Mediaster Stimpson, 1857:530–531, pl. 23: figs. 7–11.

Syntype: USNM 1977 (1 dry), California, near San Francisco; W. Stimpson.

africana, Luidia Sladen, 1889:256–258, pl. 44: figs. 1, 2; pl. 45: figs. 1, 2.

Syntype: USNM E15977 (1 alcohol), Challenger, station not recorded, South Africa, Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope; 1873–1876. Specimen received in an exchange from the British Museum (ex BMNH 90.5.7.271–290).

= Luidia sarsi africana Sladen, 1889. See Clark and Downey (1992:20).

africanus, Litonotaster Halpern, 1969:134–139, figs. 4, 5.

Holotype: USNM E10863 (1 alcohol), Pillsbury 266.

agassizii, Archaster Verrill, 1880b:403.

Syntypes: USNM 9746 (1 dry), Fish Hawk 879.

USNM 9434 (5 alcohol), Fish Hawk 880.

USNM 9435 (7 dry), Fish Hawk 881.

USNM 13012 (17 alcohol and 13 dry), Fish Hawk 891, 892, 893, and 894.

USNM 9436 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 892.

USNM 9437 (2 alcohol and 1 dry), Fish Hawk 894.

USNM 33309 (1 dry), Fish Hawk (station not recorded), Rhode Island, off Newport; USFC; 1880.

USNM 33314 (1 dry), Fish Hawk (station not recorded), Rhode Island, off Newport; USFC; 1880.

= Plutonaster agassizi (Verrill, 1880). See Verrill (1894: 248–249).

agassizii, Cheiraster Ludwig, 1905:1–10, pl. 1: figs. 3, 4; pl. 2: figs. 5–12; pl. 16: figs. 81–84.

Syntypes: USNM 34311 (168 alcohol), Albatross 3392 and 3393. Ludwig reported a combined total of 340 specimens from sta. 3392 and 3393.

USNM 34316 (4 alcohol), Albatross 3392. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated and reduced to ossicles.

USNM 34312 (168 alcohol), Albatross 3363. Ludwig reported only 5 specimens from this station.

USNM 34319 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3366. Specimens fragmented.

USNM 34315 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3353. Specimens in poor condition, reduced to ossicles.

USNM 34329 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3376.

USNM 34318 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3435.

USNM 34310 (124 alcohol), Albatross 3407.

USNM 34317 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3407.

USNM 34313 (4 alcohol), Albatross 3431. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, some fragments.

USNM 34314 (5 alcohol), Albatross 3431. Ludwig reported 120 specimens from this station.

= Pectinaster agassizi (Ludwig, 1905). See Ludwig (1910:448–449).

alaminos, Ampheraster Downey, 1971c:52–53, fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM E11397 (1 dry), Alaminos 68-A-7, sta. 3C.

Paratypes: USNM E12426 (44 arms, 1 disc, dry), Alaminos 68-A-7, sta. 4E. The author cited an incorrect longitude, latitude, and depth for this station (1971c:52).

USNM E12427 (1 dry), Alaminos 68-A-7, sta. 4E. Same explanation as E12426.

USNM E12428 (9 dry), Alaminos 68-A-7, sta. 4A.

USNM E12430 (1 dry), Oregon 2574.

alascensis, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1905:303. (Fisher, 1911a: 185–187, pl. 31: figs. 3–5; pl. 57: fig. 6.)

Holotype: USNM 22334 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4236, Alaska, vicinity of Yes Bay, Behm Canal, Spacious Bay, Square Bay, East End; 147–205 fm (269–375 m); 8 July 1903.

= Pseudarchaster parelii alascensis Fisher, 1905. See Fisher (1911a: 185–187).

alaskanus, Tarsaster Fisher, 1928a:78, pl. 30: figs. 4, 4a–d; pl. 36: fig. 3; pl. 37: fig. 4.

Holotype: USNM E1424 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4230, Alaska, vicinity of Naha Bay, Behm Canal, Indian Point; 108–240 fm (198–439 m); 7 July 1903.

alberti, Brisinga Fisher, 1906b:1111–1113, pl. 45: figs. 1, 2; pl. 46: figs. 2, 3; pl. 47: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 48: figs. 1, 1a–c.

Holotype: USNM 21192 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4177, Hawaii, vicinity of Niihau Island, Kawahioa Point; 319–451 fm (533–825 m); 12 August 1902.

Paratypes: USNM 31877 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4177, Hawaii, vicinity of Niihau Island, Kawahioa Point; 319–451 fm (533–825 m); 12 August 1902.

USNM E4528 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4177, Hawaii, vicinity of Niihau Island. Kawahioa Point; 319–451 fm (533–825 m); 12 August 1902.

USNM 31872 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3992.

albulus, Asteracanthion Stimpson, 1853:14, pl. 1: fig. 5.

Syntype: USNM 3377 (1 dry), New Brunswick, Grand Manan; W. Stimpson; summer 1852. Specimen is missing from the USNM collections.

= Stephanasterias albulus (Stimpson, 1853). See Verrill (1871:5).

aleutica, subsp., Henricia longispina Fisher, 1911a:300–301, pl. 77: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 27784 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4784.

aleutica, Leptasterias Fisher, 1930:101–103, pl. 43: figs. 1, 1a–c; pl. 50: figs. 2, 3.

Holotype: USNM E1495 (1 dry), Albatross station not recorded; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island; 2 July 1893.

Paratypes: USNM E42525 (9 dry), Albatross station not recorded; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island; 2 July 1893.

USNM E42523 (2 dry), Albatross station not recorded; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Agattu Island; 8 June 1906.

USNM E42524 (5 dry), Albatross station not recorded; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Unalaska Island; 16 June 1890.

USNM E42526 (5 dry), Albatross station not recorded; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Atka Island; June 1894.

USNM E43031 (15 dry), Albatross station not recorded; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Atka Island; June 1894.

USNM E3989 (8 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Kiska Island, Kiska Harbor; W.H. Dall; 1873.

USNM E42527 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Amchitka Island, Constantine Harbor; W.H. Dall; 1873.

USNM E42528 (2 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Amchitka Island, Constantine Harbor; W.H. Dall; 1873.

Remarks: The number of specimens from some localities in the USNM collections differs from Fisher's published account. Fisher recorded 42 specimens, but there are 47 specimens boxed as paratypes. It is impossible to determine which specimens should be excluded from the type series.

alexandri, Ophidiaster Verrill, 1915:91–92, pl. 13: figs. 3, 3a,b; pl. 25: fig. 2.

Paratypes: USNM 18511 (2 alcohol), Albatross 2416.

USNM E4306 (1 alcohol), Bahama (Florida Keys and West Indies) Expedition, sta. 57.

USNM E41469 (1 alcohol), Bahama (Florida Keys and West Indies) Expedition, sta. 56.

Remarks: Verrill photographed the type specimen (pl. 25: fig. 2) and provided radii measurements of 11 mm and 60 mm. All of the above mentioned specimens are significantly smaller than Verrill's holotype.

alexandri, Stolasterias Ludwig, 1905:221–228, pl. 32: figs. 190–193.

Syntypes: USNM 34331 (7 alcohol), Albatross 3389.

USNM E16055 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3389.

USNM 34325 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3391.

USNM 34332 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3397.

USNM 34412 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3379.

= Sclerasterias alexandri (Ludwig. 1905). See Fisher (1924a:3).

almus, Trophodiscus Fisher, 1917c:368–371, pls. 28–30.

Holotype: USNM 37029 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3644. The holotype is female and had 28 juveniles attached when Fisher described the species.

Paratype: USNM E42490 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3644. The paratype is male.

Remarks: In his published account, Fisher recorded the correct Albatross station, but an incorrect latitude and longitude. The correct locality is provided in the appendix.

alternatus, Crossaster Fisher, 1906a: 131–134.

Holotype: USNM 21932 (1 dry), Albatross 2839.

Paratype: USNM 32054 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4400.

= Heterozonias alternatus (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1910b: 172–173).

americana, Brisinga Verrill, 1880a: 139–140.

Holotype: USNM 33038 (1 alcohol), Schooner Addison Center, sta. 553, Nova Scotia, off western part of Banquereau; 175 fm (320 m); Captain S. Peeples, Gloucester Fisheries; 1879. The type was described from 15 detached arms only, no disc.

= Novodinia americana (Verrill, 1880). See Dartnall et al. (1969:211).

americanus, Archaster Verrill, 1880b:402.

Syntypes: USNM 5242 (10 dry), Fish Hawk 865–868, 871, and 873–876.

USNM 9392 (3 juveniles in alcohol and 10 dry), Fish Hawk 871.

USNM 9393 (9 alcohol and 7 dry), Fish Hawk 873.

USNM 9394 (1 dry), Fish Hawk 877.

USNM 24518 (100+ dry), Fish Hawk 865, 866, 869, 872.

USNM 25149 (2 dry), Fish Hawk 865.

USNM 32200 (400+ alcohol), Fish Hawk 865, 866, 873.

USNM 33317 (1 dry), Fish Hawk (station not recorded), Rhode Island, off Newport; 1880.

USNM 33474 (2 dry), Fish Hawk 865–868, 871, and 873–876.

= Astropecten americanus (Verrill, 1880). See Verrill (1894:255).

americanus, Lydiaster A.H. Clark, 1916b: 141–144.

Holotype: USNM 10872 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2395.

= Circeaster americanus (A.H. Clark, 1916). See Halpem (1970a:265–270).

ammophilus, Pentagonaster Fisher, 1906b:1051–1052, pl. 16: figs. 5, 5a; pl. 22: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 21162 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3919, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 220–257 fm (402–470 m); 6 May 1902.

Paratypes: USNM 31305 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4081.

USNM 31414 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM E4456 (1 dry), Albatross 4082.

USNM E9671 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4083.

= Sphaeriodiscus ammophilus (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1910b:171–172).

anacanthus, Atelorias Fisher, 1911d:424–425. (Fisher, 1919a:343–346, pl. 73: fig. 2; pl. 74: fig. 3; pl. 85: fig. 3; pl. 94: figs. 3, 3a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 28659 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5655.

anacanthus, Gilbertaster Fisher, 1906b: 1063–1065, pl. 27: figs. 2, 2a–c.

Holotype: USNM 21168 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4041.

analoga, Craterobrisinga Fisher, 1919a:516–517, pl. 148: figs. 7, 8; pl. 149: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 37034 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5348.

= Brisinga analoga (Fisher, 1919). See Downey (1986:4–5).

analogus, Cladaster Fisher, 1940:123–125, fig. D, 2, pl. 4: figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM E9623 (2 partial arm fragments, alcohol), William Scoresby 86.

analogus, Leiaster Fisher, 1913c:215–216. (Fisher, 1919a:396–398, pl. 112: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 32640 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5165.

analogus, Prionaster Fisher, 1913a:602–603. (Fisher, 1919a:50–54, pl. 3: fig. 1; pl. 6: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 30507 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5123.

anchista, Brisingenes Fisher, 1919a:521–523, pl. 146; pl. 153: figs. 3, 3a–d; pl. 154: fig. 4.

Holotype: USNM 37033 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5648.

anchistus, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:614. (Fisher, 1919a: 117–118, pl. 26: fig. 3; pl. 27: fig. 2; pl. 36: figs. 4, 4a–d.)

Holotype: USNM 30521 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5301.

annectens, subsp., Henricia leviuscula Fisher, 1910d:572. (Fisher, 1911a:291–293.)

Holotype: USNM 27781 (1 dry), Albatross 3095.

anomala, var., Allasterias rathbuni Verrill, 1909a:66, fig. 6.

Syntypes: USNM 3821 (2 dry), Alaska, Norton Sound, St. Michael; L.M. Turner; summer 1975.

= Asterias amurensis forma anomala (Verrill, 1909). See Fisher (1930:6–23).

anomalus, Leptychaster Fisher, 1906a: 115–118.

Holotype: USNM 21926 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3310.

anoplus, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1910c:546–547. (Fisher, 1911a:97–100, pl. 16: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 24675 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3347.

antarctica, Anseropoda Fisher, 1940:149–150.

Paratype: USNM E10104 (1 alcohol), Discovery 170.

anthosticta, Lysastrosoma Fisher, 1922a:591–592, text-figs. 1, 2. (Fisher, 1924b:2–6, 6 text-figs., pls. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM E1429 (1 alcohol), Japan, Hokkaido, Mororan; J.O. Snyder; 1899.

antillensis, Dipsacaster Halpem, 1968:233–237, figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM E10854 (1 alcohol), Gerda 182.

antillensis, Odinia A.H. Clark, 1934:1–3, pl. 1.

Holotype: USNM E3266 (1 dry), Caroline 47, First Johnson-Smithsonian Deep-Sea Expedition.

= Novodinia antillensis (A.H. Clark, 1934). See Dartnall et al. (1969:211).

arctica, Henricia Verrill, 1914a:239–240, pl. 87: figs. 3–3c, text-fig. 13.

Holotype: USNM 12818 (1 dry), Alaska, Cape Lisbume; Henry D. Woolfe.

= Henricia sanguinolenta forma tumida Verrill, 1909b. See Fisher (1930:194–195).

arctica, Leptasterias Murdoch, 1885:159.

Syntypes: USNM 7625 (1 alcohol and 24 dry), Alaska, 10 miles west of Point Franklin; 13.5 fm (25 m); International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska; 31 August 1883.

USNM E1920 (22 dry), Alaska, 10 miles west of Point Franklin; 13.5 fm (25 m); International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska; 31 August 1883.

USNM 1356 (1 dry), Alaska, Bering Strait; J. Rodgers, North Pacific Exploring Expedition. This specimen was labeled as the type of Asterias arctica by Wm. Stimpson; however, he did not publish a description of the species. Murdoch examined and compared Stimpson's arctica to the Point Franklin specimens, determined all the specimens to be the same species, and used the name provided by Stimpson. In his report, Murdoch incorrectly gave Stimpson credit for authorship of the species.

arctica, Tosia Verrill, 1909a:63, text-figs. 8, 8a.

Holotype: USNM 33332 (1 dry), Russia, Commander Islands, Bering Island; N. Grebnitsky; 1889.

= Ceramaster arcticus (Verrill, 1909). See Fisher (1911a: 219–221).

arcuatus, subsp., Pteraster tesselatus Fisher, 1911a:363, pl. 103: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 27794 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4551, California, Monterey Bay, Point Pinos Light House; 46–56 fm (84–102 m); 7 June 1904. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

arcystata, Henricia Fisher, 1917b:91. (Fisher, 1919a:439–440, pl. 119: fig. 4; pl. 120: fig. 2; pl. 132: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 37007 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5536.

arenicola, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:268–269.

Holotype: USNM 1335 (1 dry), South Carolina and Georgia, on sandy shores.

= Asterias forbesi (Desor, 1848). See Verrill (1895:206–207).

armata, subsp., Hippasteria leiopelta Fisher, 1911a:230–231, pl. 121: fig. 2; pl. 122: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 27887 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4804.

Paratypes: USNM 32108 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4803.

USNM 32109 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4804.

= Hippasteria spinosa forma armata Fisher, 1911. See Djakonov (1950:43–45).

armata, Luidia Ludwig, 1905:85.

Syntype: USNM 34446 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3369.

armatus, Psilaster Ludwig, 1905:59–63, pl. 21: figs. 118, 119; pl. 22: fig. 120.

Holotype: USNM 34409 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3424.

arthrocnemis, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:638–639. (Fisher, 1919a:277–280, pl. 64: fig. 1; pl. 65: fig. 4; pl. 68: fig. 1; pl. 69: fig. 1; pl. 92: figs. 9, 9a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30547 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5648. articulata, Asterias Say, 1825:141–142.

Neotype: USNM E12852 (1 dry), Oregon 5894. Neotype designated by Clark and Downey (1992:31–32).

= Astropecten articulatus (Say, 1825). See Müller and Troschel (1842:72).

asiatica, subsp., Leptasterias alaskensis Fisher, 1930:131–133, pl. 48: figs. 1, 1a–d; pl. 57: figs. 3, 4, 5.

Holotype: USNM E1502 (1 dry), Albatross shore station, Russia, Commander Islands, Bering Island, Nikolski; 15 June 1906.

Paratypes: USNM E3852 (26 dry), Albatross shore station, Russia, Commander Islands, Bering Island, Nikolski; 15 June 1906.

USNM E3854 (2 dry), Albatross shore station, Russia, Commander Islands, Bering Island, Nikolski; 15 June 1906.

USNM E3853 (5 dry), Albatross shore station, Russia, Commander Islands, Medny Island; 13 June 1906.

USNM E3855 (1 dry), Albatross shore station, Russia, Commander Islands, Medny Island; 13 June 1906.

USNM E16287 (28 alcohol), Albatross shore station, Russia, Commander Islands, Medny Island; 13 June 1906.

USNM E3856 (4 dry), Albatross shore station, Russia, Kuril Islands, Simushir Island, Milne Bay; 23 June 1906.

Remarks: In addition to the holotype, Fisher examined a total of 66 specimens. Although there are 66 paratypes in the USNM collections, the number of specimens per locality is not always in agreement with Fisher's published account.

asiaticus, Goniopecten Fisher, 1913a:601–602. (Fisher, 1919a:47–50, pl. 4: fig. 1; pl. 5: fig. 2; pl. 7: figs. 3, 3a–c; pl. 8: figs. 1, 1a.)

Holotype: USNM 30506 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5121.

aspera, Freyella Verrill, 1894:285–286.

Holotype: USNM 6301 (1 dry), Albatross 2097. Only the disc remains.

= Freyella elegans (Verrill, 1884). See Downey (1986:43–46).

aspera, Henricia Fisher, 1906a: 127–129. (Fisher, 1911a:293–295, pl. 75: figs. 2, 5.)

Holotype: USNM 21930 (1 dry), Albatross 3052.

asteira, Leptasterias Fisher, 1930:103–105, pl. 43: figs. 3, 3a–e; pl. 50: figs. 4, 5.

Holotype: USNM E1496 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island; shore.

Paratypes: USNM 23646 (1 dry), Alaska, Pribilof Islands, St. Paul Island; shore; W. Palmer.

USNM E10162 (3 alcohol), Alaska, Pribilof Islands, St. George Island; shore; G.D. Hanna; 1913.

USNM E18166 (19 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island; shore.

USNM E42529 (11 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island; shore.

USNM 6006 (4 dry), sta. 188–189 (1014–1015), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Rat Islands, Kiska Island; 9–14 fm (16–26 m); W.H. Dall; 7 July 1873.

USNM E3991 (1 dry), Alaska, Shumagin Islands, Nagai Islands, Sanborn Harbor.

USNM E3990 (1 dry), sta. 1373 (866), Alaska, Shumagin Islands, Unga Island, Round Island, Coal Harbor; W.H. Dall.

asthenactis, Henricia Fisher, 1910d:572. (Fisher, 1911a:297–298, pl. 77: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 27782 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4423, California, San Nicolas Island, east point; 216–339 fm (395–620 m); 13 April 1904.

asthenosoma, Luidia Fisher, 1906a: 124–127. (Fisher, 1911a: 116–119, pl. 20: fig. 1; pl. 21: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 21929 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3148.

astropectinides, Ctenopleura Fisher, 1913a:608–609. (Fisher, 1919a:91–95, pl. 16: figs. 1, 1a–c; pl. 17: fig. 3; pl. 18: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 30515 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5520.

atactus, Ampheraster Fisher, 1928a:86–88, pl. 31: fig. 4; pl. 32: figs. 3, 3a,b; pl. 38: fig. 5.

Holotype: USNM E1426 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4341, California, vicinity of San Diego, south point of South Coronado Island; 188–323 fm (344–591 m); 11 March 1904.

atlantidis, Pythonaster A.H. Clark, 1948a:76–77.

Holotype: USNM E7175 (1 alcohol), Atlantis 15.

atopus, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:640. (Fisher, 1919a:285–287, pl. 63: fig. 4; pl. 64: fig. 2; pl. 69: fig. 5; pl. 70: fig. 4; pl. 92: figs. 7, 7a.)

Holotype: USNM 30550 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5428.

attenuatus, Psilaster Fisher, 1906b: 1019–1022, pl. 3: figs. 3, 3a–d; pl. 7: fig. 4; pl. 8: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21149 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4095.

Paratypes: USNM 31319(1 alcohol), Albatross 3470.

USNM 32219 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3470.

USNM 31318 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3471.

USNM 31317 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3474.

USNM 32217 (18 alcohol), Albatross 3474. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 32220 (10+ alcohol), Albatross 3474.

USNM 31316 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3475.

USNM 32215 (19 alcohol), Albatross 3475. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 32216 (10+ alcohol), Albatross 3475.

USNM 32218 (15+ alcohol), Albatross 3476. This station was incorrectly listed as Albatross 3876 by Fisher (1906b: 1022).

USNM 31388 (50+ alcohol), Albatross 3865.

USNM E4452 (5 alcohol), Albatross 3865.

USNM E9100 (38 dry), Albatross 3865.

USNM 31363 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3866.

USNM 31364 (5 alcohol), Albatross 3867.

USNM 31372 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3867.

USNM 31366 (22 alcohol), Albatross 3883.

USNM 31373 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3884.

USNM 31385 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3909, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 308–322 fm (563–589 m); 5 May 1902. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 31389 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3910, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 311–337 fm (569–616 m); 5 May 1902.

USNM 31368 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3911, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 334–337 fm (611–616 m); 5 May 1902.

USNM 31390 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3911, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 334–337 fm (611–616 m); 5 May 1902.

USNM 31383 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3916, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 299–330 fm (547–603 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM 31310 (1 dry), Albatross 3917, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 294–330 fm (538–604 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM 31387 (1 dry). Albatross 3917, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 294–330 fm (538–604 m); 6 May 1902. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 31602 (7 alcohol), Albatross 3917, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 294–330 fm (538–604 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM 31311 (2 dry), Albatross 3918, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 257–294 fm (470–538 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM 31386 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3918, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 257–294 fm (470–538 m); 6 May 1902. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 31369 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4086.

USNM 31415 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4086.

USNM 31416 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4087.

USNM 31349 (6 alcohol), Albatross 4088.

USNM 31384 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4089.

USNM 31365 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4095.

USNM 31374 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4095.

USNM 31303 (20+ alcohol), Albatross 4096.

USNM 31370 (1 alcohol), Albatross station not recorded; Hawaii, approach to Pailolo Channel.

aulophora, Anthosticte Fisher, 1911d:417–420. (Fisher, 1911a:140–144, pl. 17: fig. pl. 18: fig. 3; pl. 19: fig. 2; pl. 38: fig. 3; pl. 39: figs. 1, 1a–d.)

Holotype: USNM 28656 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5420.

= Tethyaster aulophora (Fisher, 1911). See A.M. Clark and A.H. Clark (1954:23).

austera, Asterias Verrill, 1895:209.

Syntypes: USNM 21501 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 984.

USNM 24644 (1 dry), Schooner Peter D. Smith, sta. 363, Massachusetts, western part of Georges Bank; Gloucester Fisheries.

= Leptasterias austera (Verrill, 1895). See Fisher (1930:207).

australis, Anteliaster Fisher, 1940:215–217, figs. I, 1–ld, pl. 9: figs. 2, 3.

Paratypes: USNM 10106 (2 alcohol), William Scoresby 85. The original specimen label reads WS-86, but is possibly in error.

avicularia, Luidia Fisher, 1913c:203. (Fisher, 1919a:172–175, pl. 43: fig. 1; pl. 44: fig. 2; pl. 46: figs. 2, 2a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 32624 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5391.

bairdi, Archaster Verrill, 1882:139–141.

Lectotype: USNM 9743 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 952. Specimen designated lectotype by Halpem (1970c: 53–56).

Paralectotype: USNM E11298 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 952.

= Mediaster bairdi (Verrill, 1882). See Verrill (1899:181).

bartletti, Leptasterias (Hexasterias) A.H. Clark, 1940:430–432, pl. 59.

Holotype: USNM E5753 (1 dry), Greenland, between Cape Alexander and Cape Chalon; 25–40 fm (46–73 m); Capt. Robert A. Bartlett; 2 August 1937.

bartschi, Hymenaster Fisher, 1916b:29. (Fisher, 1919a:465–467, pl. 124: fig. 2; pl. 133: fig. 7.)

Holotype: USNM 37018 (1 dry), Albatross 5428.

bayeri, Ophidiaster A.H. Clark, 1948b:58–60, pl. 2: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM E7176 (1 dry), Florida, outer reefs of Key Largo; F.B. Lyman; September 1947.

benedicti, Solaster Verrill, 1894:273–274.

Syntypes: USNM 14848 (3 dry), Albatross 2682.

Remarks: In the original description, Verrill stated: “This species was taken in 1885 at station 2530, off Georges Bank, in 956 fathoms, one specimen (No. 14848, U.S.N.M.); at station 2550, off Martha's Vineyard, in 1081 fathoms, one specimen (No. 11816, U.S.N.M.), and in 1886 at station 2682, off Martha's Vineyard, in 1004 fathoms, three specimens.” The USNM only has the three specimens labeled USNM 14848 from station 2682 and one of the three has an additional label of USNM 7862 from station 2209. Clark and Downey (1992:302) detailed this problem and considered the three specimens labeled USNM 14848 to be syntypes.

benthophilus, Astropecten Ludwig, 1905:69–71, pl. 4: figs. 17, 18.

Syntypes: USNM 34338 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3371. Specimens in fair condition with discs tom and arms fragmented.

bernasconiae, Luidia A.H. Clark, 1945:19–21.

Holotype: USNM E6718 (1 dry), Georgia, 60–100 miles off Sea Island; W.W. Alexander; 6 August 1931.

= Luidia alternata alternata (Say, 1825). See Madsen (1950:209) and Clark and Downey (1992:8–9).

biradialis, Mirastrella Fisher, 1940:153–154, figs. D, 4–4e, pl. IX: fig. 1.

Paratype: USNM E10115 (1 alcohol), Discovery 160.

biserialis, Peribolaster Fisher, 1905:313–314. (Fisher, 1911a:341–343, pl. 97: figs. 1, 2; pl. 114: figs. 3, 3a–c; pl. 115: fig.5.)

Syntypes: USNM 22342 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4410, California, Santa Catalina Island, Long Point; 178–195 fm (326–357 m); 11 April 1904.

USNM E9621 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4410, California, Santa Catalina Island, Long Point; 178–195 fm (326–357 m); 11 April 1904.

Remarks: Although Fisher described biserialis from one specimen and provided measurements of the specimen, there exists two specimens from Albatross 4410. One specimen was photographed dried (Fisher, 1911a) and has since been re-alcoholed. Due to the preservation and the similar size of the two specimens, it is impossible to determine which specimen Fisher used in his description. Preprinted type and cotype labels are attached to the specimens; however, they are not handwritten evidence of Fisher's intent.

blakei, Cheiraster (Christopheraster) A.M. Clark, 1981:113–116, figs, 1b, 2c–f.

Holotype: USNM E23426 (1 dry), Gerda 918.

blegvadi, Hymenaster Madsen, 1956:27–29, text-fig. 3, pl. 1: figs. 1–3.

Paratype: USNM E8241 (1 alcohol), Galathea 658.

borealis, Crossaster Fisher, 1906a: 134–136. (Fisher, 1911a:320–324, pl. 91: fig. 1; pl. 92: fig. 2; pl. 113: fig. 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 21933 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2858.

Remarks: Although Fisher mentions a second depth and locality of 987 fm in the Bering Sea in his type localities, he does not specifically refer to the specimens he intended to include herein. The USNM collections have 27 specimens of C. borealis from Albatross 3607 matching this depth and locality. It is impossible to determine which of these specimens Fisher examined for his species description.

= Solaster borealis (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1911a:320–324).

borealis, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1910c:546–547. (Fisher, 1911a:91–95, pl. 12: figs. 1, 2; pl. 13: fig. 1; pl. 14: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 24341 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3331.

bowersi, Nereidaster Fisher, 1906b: 1049–1050, pl. 16: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 17: fig. 4; pl. 21: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21161 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4134.

brasiliensis, Astropecten Müller and Troschel, 1842:68.

Neotype: USNM E529 (1 dry), Brazil, Ilha de Sao Sebastiano; E. Garbe; December, 1915. Donated by the Museu Paulista. According to Clark and Downey (1992:32) the type material deposited by Müller and Troschel in the Vienna Museum no longer exists. Neotype designated by M.E. Downey in Clark and Downey (1992).

brevispina, Asterias Stimpson, 1857:528, pl. 23: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 1285 (1 dry and fragment in alcohol), California, near mouth of San Francisco Bay; 10 fm (18 m); W. Stimpson.

Remarks: The small fragment was labeled “pedicellaria of type” by W.K. Fisher and returned by the California Academy of Sciences.

= Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson, 1857). See Verrill (1914a:77–78).

brevispina, Freyellidea H.L. Clark, 1920:108–110, pl. 5: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E932 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4740. Specimen in fair condition, some deterioration, very fragmented.

= Freyella brevispina (H.L. Clark, 1920). See Fisher (1928a:24).

brevispinus, Acanthaster Fisher, 1917b:92. (Fisher, 1919a: 442–444, pl. 117, pl. 118: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 37027 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5149.

brevispinus, subsp., Persephonaster euryactis Fisher, 1919a:115–117, pl. 24: fig. 2; pl. 25: fig. 3; pl. 30: fig. 2; pl. 36: figs. 2, 2a.

Holotype: USNM 37002 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5289.

Paratypes: USNM 40169 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5289.

USNM 40170 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5290.

USNM 40171 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5365.

USNM 40540 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5550.

briareus, Asterias Verrill, 1882:220.

Holotype: USNM 23839 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 899 and 900.

= Coronaster briareus (Verrill, 1882). See Verrill (1914b:16).

bruuni, Andora (Andora) Rowe, 1977b:238–239, fig. 1d-f.

Holotype: USNM E15901 (1 dry), IIOE, Anton Bruun cruise 8, sta. 401C.

bullisi, Drachmaster Downey, 1970a:78–80, figs. 1–6.

Holotype: USNM E11359 (1 dry), Oregon 5970. “(one arm missing, another regenerating).”

Paratype: USNM E11360 (1 dry), Oregon 5923. “(one arm removed for dissection).”

= Ophidiaster bullisi (Downey, 1970). See Clark and Downey (1992:280–281).

bullisi, Linckia Moore, 1960:414–416, fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM E8120 (1 alcohol), Oregon 2245.

= Linckia nodosa Perrier, 1875. See Downey (1968:42).

californica, Hippasteria Fisher, 1905:310–311. (Fisher, 1911a:233–237, pl. 45: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 22339 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4429, California, south coast of Santa Cruz Island, Gull Islet; 506–680 fm (925–1244 m); 14 April 1904.

californicus, Rathbunaster Fisher, 1906a: 137–139. (Fisher, 1928a:89–93, pl. 40: fig. 2; pl. 41: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 21934 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2925.

callimorphus, Astroceramus Fisher, 1906b:1056–1057, pl. 23: figs. 1–3; pl. 27: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 21165 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3857.

callipeplus, Leiaster Fisher, 1906b: 1083–1084, pl. 30: figs. 1, la; pl. 31: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 21179 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4149, Hawaii, center of Bird Island (Nihoa Island); 33–71 fm (60–130 m); 5 August 1902.

Paratypes: USNM 31312 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3872.

USNM 31313 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3875.

USNM 31314 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4128.

callistus, Astropecten Fisher, 1906b:1012–1014, pl. 8: fig. 3; pl. 9: figs. 4, 4a–d; pl. 11: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 21146 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4079.

Paratypes: USNM 31417 (6 alcohol), Albatross 4079.

USNM 31418 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3810, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Honolulu Light; 53–238 fm (97–386 m); 27 March 1902.

USNM 31419 (4 alcohol), Albatross 3835.

USNM 31420 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3957.

USNM 31422 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4080. Specimen given to BM(NH) in 1974.

USNM 31808 (6 alcohol), Albatross 4045.

USNM 31809 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4044.

USNM 31810 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4114.

USNM E4304 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4079.

USNM E42493 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4079. Specimen segregated from holotype lot and recataloged.

canaliculata, Sideriaster A.H. Clark, 1916c:52–54.

Holotype: USNM 36951 (1 dry), Albatross 2998.

= Tethyaster canaliculatus (A.H. Clark, 1916). See A.M. Clark and A.H. Clark (1954:8–12).

capitata, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:264–265.

Holotype: USNM 1280 (1 dry), California, San Diego; Dr. J.S. Newberry, Colorado Expedition.

= Pisaster giganteus capitatus (Stimpson, 1862). See Fisher (1926a:562–564).

caribaea, Hippasteria Verrill, 1899:174–175, pl. 28: figs. 1, la.

Holotype: USNM 18425 (1 dry), Albatross 2668.

caribbaeus, Solaster Verrill, 1915:54, pl. 28: figs. 1–1a.

Holotype: USNM 18422 (1 dry), Albatross 2668.

Paratype: USNM 7586 (1 dry), Albatross 2138.

cassidatus, Rosaster Macan, 1938:365–368, pl. 3: figs. 3, 6, text-fig. 4.

Syntypes: USNM E7927 (3 dry), H.E.M.S. Mabahiss, sta. 153; John Murray Expedition.

ceramoidea, Tosia (Plinthaster) Fisher, 1906b: 1052–1054, pl. 16: figs. 6, 6a; pl. 22: figs. 3, 4.

Holotype: USNM 21163 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3883.

Paratypes: USNM 40359 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM E9641 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3865.

= Plinthaster ceramoideus (Fisher, 1906) See Fisher (1911a:165).

chirophorus, Pedicellaster Fisher, 1917b:93. (Fisher, 1919a:499–501, pl. 142: fig. 2; pl. 155: figs. 2, 2a,b).

Holotype: USNM 37030 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5656. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

= Peranaster chirophorus (Fisher, 1917). See Fisher (1923a:251–252).

chiroplus, Ampheraster Fisher, 1928a:84–86, pl. 31: figs. 3, 3a–d; pl. 32: fig. 2; pl. 35: fig. 2; pl. 37: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM E1425 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4427, California, Santa Cruz Island, Point San Pedro; 447–510 fm (818–933 m); 14 April 1904. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

cingulata, Psilasteropsis Fisher, 1906b:1023–1026, pl. 3: figs. 2, 2a,b; pl. 7: figs. 1–3; pl. 8: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 21150 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3997.

Paratypes: USNM 31304 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4123.

USNM 31358 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3997.

USNM 31359 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3995.

USNM 31360 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3997.

USNM 31593 (1 alcohol). Albatross 3887.

= Persephonaster cingulatus (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1919a:111).

clarki, Ceramaster Fisher, 1910c:552. (Fisher, 1911a:217–219, pl. 38: figs. 3, 4; pl. 58: figs. 2, 2a,b; pl. 59: figs. 6, 6a.)

Holotype: USNM 27883 (1 dry and fragment in alcohol), Albatross 4772.

clarki, Henricia Fisher, 1910d:573. (Fisher, 1911a:303–305, pl. 78: figs. 2, 3; pl. 111: fig. 5; pl. 112: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 27785 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4427, California, Santa Cruz Island, Point San Pedro; 447–510 fm (818–933 m); 14 April 1904.

claviger, Benthopecten Fisher, 1910c:548. (Fisher, 1911a: 150–152, pl. 22: fig. 4; pl. 54: fig. 4; pl. 56: figs. 1, 1a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 27804 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3788. Specimen fragmented, some ossicles.

cocosana, Sporasterias Ludwig, 1905:235–240, pl. 33: fig. 199; pl. 34: figs. 200, 201.

Holotype: USNM 34405 (1 alcohol and dry), Albatross 3370. The holotype is fragmented. Four rays are preserved in alcohol and 2 rays are dry, no disc.

= Tarsaster cocosanus (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1928a:75–77).

cognatus, Pararchaster Ludwig, 1905:21–23, pl. 19: fig. 100.

Holotype: USNM 34436 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3360. Disc and arms fragmented, some ossicles.

= Benthopecten cognatus (Ludwig, 1905). See Ludwig (1910:464–466).

compactus, Astromesites Fisher, 1913a:611–612. (Fisher, 1919a: 107–111, pl. 19: fig. 1; pl. 24: fig. 3; pl. 25: fig. 2; pl. 31: fig. 4; pl. 35: figs. 2, 2a–d.)

Holotype: USNM 30519 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5289.

compta, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:270.

Syntypes: USNM 1347 (2 dry), off the coast of New Jersey; 32 fm (59 m); Captain Gedney.

= Leptasterias compta (Stimpson, 1862). See Clark and Downey (1992:436).

compta, Tosia (Plinthaster) Verrill, 1899:163–165, pl. 27: fig. 2.

Syntype: USNM 7053 (1 dry), Albatross 2117.

= Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1884). See Halpern (1970a:244–252).

comptus, Astropecten Verrill, 1915:176–177, pl. 12: figs. 3–3c; pl. 22: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 18346 (1 dry), Albatross 2406.

Paratypes: USNM 8514 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2286.

concinnus, Pseudarchaster Verrill, 1894:250–255.

Lectotype: USNM 14944 (1 dry), Albatross 2706. Designated lectotype by Halpern (1972:365–366).

Paralectotypes: USNM E42999 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2706.

USNM E11297 (2 dry), Albatross 2706.

USNM 21641 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2060. This specimen was reidentified as Pseudarchaster parelii (Düben and Koren) by Halpern (1972:365–366).

= Pseudarchaster gracilis gracilis (Sladen, 1889). See Halpern (1972:360–366).

conferta Asterias Stimpson, 1862:263–264.

Holotype: USNM 1275 (1 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission, Dr. C.B. Kennerly.

= Pisaster ochraceus forma confertus (Stimpson, 1862). See Fisher (1926a:559).

constellatus, Doraster Downey, 1970b:5–12, figs. 3–11.

Holotype: USNM E11352 (1 dry), Oregon 2780.

Paratypes: USNM E11353 (1 dry), Oregon 2780.

USNM E11354 (1 dry), Oregon 3583.

USNM E11355 (1 dry), Oregon II 10602.

USNM E12424 (1 dry), Oregon II 10794. This lot was not listed in the material examined (1970b: 12), but was cataloged as a paratype by the author.

USNM E12425 (1 dry), Oregon II 11231. Same explanation as E12424.

USNM E11356 (1 dry), Alaminos 21, cruise 68-A-13.

USNM E11357 (4 dry), Oregon 382. Six specimens were reported from this station. One has been exchanged with the University of Concepcion (Chile) for a paratype of another species of Doraster. The other specimen is missing from the USNM collections.

USNM 10742 (2 dry), Albatross 2376. Eight specimens were reported from this station. The USNM catalog ledger records 9 specimens; 2 dry, 5 alcohol (reserve) and 2 alcohol (sent to A.E. Verrill). Only the 2 dry specimens were examined by the author and are the only paratype specimens from this station.

USNM 10743 (2 dry and 2 alcohol), Albatross 2377.

corallicola, Asterina Marsh, 1977:271–275, figs. 8, 9, tables 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E16516 (1 dry), Caroline Islands, Palau, on a patch reef north of Koror Island; 10 m; R.S. Rideout, G.A. Heslinga, and M. Yamaguchi; 9 February 1971.

Paratypes: USNM E41020 (3 dry), Caroline Islands, Palau, on a patch reef north of Koror Island; 10 m; R.S. Rideout, G.A. Heslinga, and M. Yamaguchi; 9 February 1971.

corynetes, Calliaster Fisher, 1913a:644–645. (Fisher, 1919a:316–320, pl. 86: fig. 1; pl. 87: fig. 1; pl. 93: figs. 5, 5a.)

Holotype: USNM 30557 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5280.

corynetes, Pteraster Fisher, 1916b:28. (Fisher, 1919a:456–458, pl. 127: figs. 2, 3; pl. 128: fig. 1; pl. 133, figs. 5, 5a.)

Holotype: USNM 37014 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5623.

coscinactis, Anteliaster Fisher, 1923a:252. (Fisher, 1928a:70–71, pl. 29: figs. 1, 1a–e; pl. 35: fig. 6; pl. 36: fig. 4; pl. 37: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM E1421 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4427, California, Santa Cruz Island, Point San Pedro; 447–510 fm (818–933 m); 14 April 1904.

coscinopeplus, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a:169. (Fisher, 1911a:354–355, pl. 102: figs. 1, 3; pl. 116: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 27792 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2925. Specimen slightly deteriorated, very fragile.

costata, Brisinga Verrill, 1884:382.

Holotype: USNM 7820 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2210. Verrill incorrectly cited Albatross 2310 as the station.

Paratypes: USNM 6739 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2116.

USNM 18503 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2116.

craspedotus, Tritonaster Fisher, 1906b: 1017–1019, pl. 8: fig. 4; pl. 9: figs. 1, 1a–k; pl. 11: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21148 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3918, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 257–294 fm (470–538 m); 6 May 1902.

Paratypes: USNM 38210 (8 alcohol), Albatross 3918, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 257–294 fm (470–538 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM E4527 (1 dry), Albatross 3918, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 257–294 fm (470–538 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM E42494 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3918, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 257–294 fm (470–538 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM E42495 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3919, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 220–257 fm (402–470 m); 6 May 1902.

USNM E42496 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3914, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 289–292 fm (529–534 m); 6 May 1902.

crassus, Odontaster Fisher, 1905:302–303. (Fisher, 1911a:154–158, pl. 29: figs. 1–4; pl. 56: fig. 6.)

Holotype: USNM 22333 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4313, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 92–243 fm (168–444 m); 4 March 1904. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

cremnodes, Hymenaster H.L. Clark, 1920:91–93, pl. 4: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM E9838 (1 dry), Albatross 4658. Specimen in poor condition, reduced to ossicles and fragments.

cribellosa, Benthogenia Fisher, 1911d:415–417. (Fisher, 1919a:39–43, pl. 1: fig. 1; pl. 2: fig. 1; pl. 8: figs. 2, 2a–d.)

Holotype: USNM 28655 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5513.

cribraria, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:270–271.

Holotype: USNM 1350 (1 dry), Arctic Ocean, north of Bering Strait; 20–30 fm (37–55 m); North Pacific Exploring Expedition, Captain J. Rodgers.

Paratype: USNM 1354 (1 dry), Arctic Ocean, north of Bering Strait; 20–30 fm (37–55 m); North Pacific Exploring Expedition, Captain J. Rodgers.

= Leptasterias groenlandica forma cribraria (Stimpson, 1862). See Fisher (1928a:45–48).

ctenophorus, Astropecten Fisher, 1906b: 1006–1008, pl. 1: figs. 4, 5; pl. 2: figs. 3, 3a–d.

Holotype: USNM 21143 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3937.

cycloplax, Peltaster Fisher 1913a:641. (Fisher, 1919a:290–294, pl. 74: fig. 1; pl. 75; pl. 83: fig. 1; pl. 92: figs. 11, 11a–d.)

Holotype: USNM 30552 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5279.

demonstrans, Dytaster Ludwig, 1905:41–53, pl. 5: figs. 23–25; pl. 18: figs. 97–99; pl. 19: fig. 107; pl. 20: figs. 108–115.

Syntypes: USNM 34358 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3360.

USNM 34355 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3361.

USNM 34353 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3374.

USNM 34359 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3381.

USNM 34360 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3382.

USNM 34362 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3398. Specimen in poor condition, disc torn, rays fragmented.

USNM 34354 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3399.

USNM 34357 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3400.

USNM 34356 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3413.

USNM 34361 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3414.

= Dytaster gilberti demonstrans Ludwig, 1905. See Fisher (1928b:488–489).

densus, Lophaster Fisher, 1940:173–175, figs. E, 4–4c, pl. 8: figs. 2, 3.

Paratype: USNM E10102 (1 alcohol), Discovery 175.

diamantinae, Heteronardoa Rowe, 1976:94–99, figs. 13, 14.

Paratype: USNM E13783 (1 alcohol), IIOE, Anton Bruun, cruise 8, sta. 403E.

diaphanus, Retaster Ludwig, 1905:202–204.

Holotype: USNM 34411 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3371.

= Pteraster (Retaster) diaphanus (Ludwig, 1905). See Clark and Downey (1992:307).

diaphorus, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1913a:622. (Fisher, 1919a: 152–154, pl. 12: fig. 3; pl. 28: fig. 2; pl. 29: fig. 2; pl. 31: fig. 1; pl. 41: figs. 3, 3a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30530 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5526. diomedeae, Cheiraster Fisher, 1917b:90. (Fisher, 1919a:200–203, pl. 47: fig. 1; pl. 54: figs. 5, 5a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 37035 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5512.

diomedeae, Hydrasterias Ludwig, 1905:242–246, pl. 34: fig. 204; pl. 35: fig. 206.

Syntypes: USNM 34363 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3368.

USNM 34364 (1 specimen and 7 dissociated arm fragments, alcohol), Albatross 3397.

USNM E37364 (2 dry), Albatross 3397. These specimens were segregated from USNM 34364.

= Sclerasterias alexandri (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1924a:4).

diomedeae, Nymphaster Ludwig, 1905:128–135, pl. 10: figs. 48, 49, 52, 53; pl. 11: figs. 54, 55.

Syntypes: USNM 34427 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3357.

USNM 34428 (7 alcohol), Albatross 3371.

USNM 34457 (11 alcohol). Albatross 3371.

USNM 34454 (7 alcohol), Albatross 3403.

USNM 34455 (4 alcohol), Albatross 3407.

USNM 34456 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3407.

diomedeae, Zoroaster Verrill, 1884:217.

Syntypes: USNM 9017 (7 alcohol), Albatross 2035.

USNM 9019 (5 alcohol), Albatross 2051.

USNM 9066 (7 dry), Albatross 2052.

USNM 9223 (1 dry). Albatross 2084.

USNM 14048 (13 dry and 19 alcohol). Albatross 2035.

USNM 14049 (10 dry and 14 alcohol), Albatross 2095.

USNM 14050 (7 dry), Albatross 2043.

USNM 26258 (1 dry), Albatross 2043.

= Zoroaster fulgens Thomson, 1873. See Downey (1970b: 15–17).

diploctenius, Ctenophoraster Fisher, 1913a:609. (Fisher, 1919a:95–99, pl. 12: fig. 4; pl. 16: figs. 2, 2a–c; pl. 17: fig. 2; pl. 18: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 30516 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5272.

dispar, Pectinaster Verrill, 1915:148, pl. 14: figs. 1, la, lb. Holotype: USNM 18468 (1 dry). Albatross 2751. Verrill reported that the locality was unknown.

= Cheiraster (Cheiraster) sepitus (Verrill, 1885). See A.M. Clark (1981:117–118).

dissonus, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1910c:551–552. (Fisher, 1911a: 192–196, pl. 34: figs. 1–3; pl. 57: fig. 7.)

Holotype: USNM 27882 (1 dry), Albatross 3346.

distichopus, Tarsaster Fisher, 1917b:92. (Fisher 1919a:490–492, pl. 141: fig. 1; pl. 155: figs. 3, 3a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 37031 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5664.

= Ampheraster distichopus (Fisher, 1917). See Fisher (1928a:80–81).

downeyae, Henricia A.M. Clark, 1987:75–77, figs. 1d,e, 3C-E.

Holotype: USNM E33569 (1 dry), pillsbury 1187.

Paratypes: USNM E33570 (2 dry), Gerda 311.

USNM E33571 (2 dry), pillsbury 689.

USNM E33572 (1 dry), Gerda 830.

USNM E33573 (4 dry), Gerda 354.

dyscrita, subsp., Henricia leviuscula Fisher, 1911a:289–291, pl. 74: figs. 1–5.

Holotype: USNM 27780 (1 dry), Albatross 2907.

Paratypes: USNM E3559 (1 dry), Albatross station not recorded, California, Wilmington; 47 fm (86 m).

USNM E3562 (2 dry), Albatross 2943.

USNM E3563 (1 dry), Albatross 2958.

USNM E3564 (2 dry), Albatross 2951.

USNM E3565 (7 dry), Albatross 2964.

USNM E3566 (2 dry). Albatross 2966. Fisher recorded a single specimen from this station.

USNM E3567 (1 dry), Albatross 2975.

USNM E3568 (1 dry). Albatross 3666.

USNM E3569 (6 dry), Albatross 4420, California, San Nicolas Island, east point; 32–33 fm (59–60 m); 12 April 1904.

USNM E3570 (7 dry), Albatross 4431, California, Santa Rosa Island, Brockway Point; 38–45 fm (70–82 m); 15 April 1904. Fisher recorded 5 specimens from this station.

USNM E3572 (2 dry). Albatross 4554, California, Monterey Bay, Point pinos Light House; 60–80 fm (110–146 m); 9 June 1904.

USNM E3573 (3 dry), Albatross 4558, California, Monterey Bay, Point pinos Light House; 28–40 fm (51–73 m); 9 June 1904. Fisher recorded 2 specimens from this station.

USNM E3591 (4 dry), Albatross 2965.

USNM E9650 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4532, California, Monterey Bay, Point pinos Light House; 30 fm (55 m); 28 May 1904. Fisher recorded a single specimen from this station.

dyscritus, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:635–636. (Fisher, 1919a:266–269, pl. 62: fig. 2; pl. 65: fig. 3; pl. 92: figs. 5, 5a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30543 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5526.

echinosoma, Evasterias Fisher, 1926b:2–5, pls. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E1237 (1 dry), Albatross 3278.

Paratypes: USNM E1640 (1 dry), Albatross 2842.

USNM E29485 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3235.

USNM E14022 (1 dry). Albatross 3241.

USNM E3327 (1 dry), Albatross 3278.

USNM E3336 (1 dry). Albatross 3281.

USNM E29488 (1 dry), Albatross 3281.

USNM E1626 (1 dry), Albatross 3282.

USNM E1641 (1 dry), Albatross 3285.

USNM E1636 (1 dry), Albatross 3291.

USNM E29484 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3291.

USNM E13670 (1 dry), Albatross 4796.

eclipes, Coronaster Fisher, 1925:86–87, fig. 9a-f.

Holotype: USNM E1197 (1 ray, alcohol), Albatross 4031, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 27–28 fm (49–51 m); 9 July 1902. Fisher described this species from a single ray.

ectenes, subsp., Myxoderma sacculatum Fisher, 1919b:392. (Fisher, 1928a:49–52, pl. 14: fig. 4a; pl. 22: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM E1417 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5694.

elegans, Brisinga Verrill, 1884:382.

Syntypes: USNM 6740 (11 alcohol), Albatross 2105.

USNM 7819 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2209.

USNM 7854 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2211.

USNM 8076 (5+ alcohol), Albatross 2229. Specimens are deteriorated and can't be accurately counted.

USNM 9015 (11 alcohol). Albatross 2084. There are 11 discs, few arm fragments, some reduced to ossicles.

USNM 9016 (10 alcohol), Albatross 2076.

USNM 9065 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2035.

USNM 18305 (3 arm fragments, dry), Albatross 2077.

USNM 18455 (14 alcohol), Albatross 2105.

USNM 38452 (4 dry). Albatross 2229.

USNM 38862 (32 alcohol). Albatross 2105.

USNM 38926 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2229.

USNM E38626 (2 alcohol). Albatross 2105.

= Freyella elegans (Verrill, 1884). See Verrill (1894:283–285).

elegans, Distolasterias Djakonov, 1931:67, figs. 1a,b, 2 (1–5).

Syntype: USNM E10225 (1 dry), sta. 10, Russia, Tatarskiy Proliv, Kastri Bay; 26–40 ft (8–12 m); USSR Hydrographic Expedition; 1909. USSR catalog number 4696.

elegans, Mediaster Ludwig, 1905:125–128, pl. 9: figs. 46, 47; pl. 24: fig. 134.

Holotype: USNM 34443 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3363.

elegans, Prionaster Verrill, 1899:216–217, pl. 27: figs. 4, 4a–c.

Holotype: USNM 18428 (1 dry), Albatross 2401.

enopla, Asterias Verrill, 1895:208. Holotype: USNM 23841 (1 dry), Speedwell 118, Nova Scotia, Halifax, off Chebucto Head Light; 53 fm (97 m); 24 September 1877. The specimen was labeled type by Verrill.

Remarks: A second specimen was mentioned by Verrill but no specimen was labeled cotype in the USNM collections. It is possible that one of the 15 specimens (USNM 9897) is the paratype.

= Urasterias lincki (Müller and Troschel, 1842). See Clark and Downey (1992:458).

enoplus, Cheiraster Verrill, 1915:135–137, pl. 18: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 7425 (1 dry), Albatross 2128.

= Cheiraster (Christopheraster) mirabilis (Perrier, 1881). See A.M. Clark (1981:112–113).

epixanthus, Antheniaster Fisher, 1906b: 1067–1070, pl. 20: fig. 3; pl. 26: figs. 1, la–c; pl. 29: figs. 1, 2; pl. 49: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21170 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4080.

Paratypes: USNM 31424 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4080.

USNM 31604 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4081.

USNM E41531 (1 dry), Albatross 4081.

USNM 31603 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM 31605 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4084.

USNM 31423 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4115.

= Anthenoides epixanthus (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1919a:328–329).

eremicus, Astropecten Fisher, 1913a:605. (Fisher, 1919a:79–82, pl. 13: fig. 2; pl. 15: figs. 3, 3a-e.)

Holotype: USNM 30511 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5491.

eritimus, Benthaster Fisher, 1906b:1101–1102, pl. 38: fig. 7; pl. 40: figs. 1, 1a,b.

Holotype: USNM 21186 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3824.

ernesti, Pentagonaster Ludwig, 1905:136–138, pl. 10: figs. 50, 51.

Syntype: USNM 34429 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3362.

Remarks: Ludwig described two specimens from this station. Both specimens were recorded with the same catalog number in the USNM ledgers. One specimen is now missing.

= pillsburiaster ernesti (Ludwig, 1905). See Halpern (1970c: 107).

eucnemis, Astropecten Fisher, 1919a:75–79, pl. 10: fig. 1; pl. 14: figs. 3, 3a-d.

Holotype: USNM 37005 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5393.

Paratypes: USNM 40362 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5393.

USNM 40239 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5134.

USNM 40831 (2 alcohol), Albatross 5182.

USNM 40081 (20 alcohol), Albatross 5182.

USNM 40812 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5212.

eucoryne, Brisinga (Craterobrisinga) Fisher, 1916b:33–34. (Fisher, 1919a:514–516, pl. 143: fig. 3; pl. 148: figs. 4–6; pl. 149: fig. 2; pl. 154: figs, la–c.)

Holotype: USNM 37024 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5348.

= Brisinga eucoryne Fisher, 1916. See Downey (1986:4–5).

euerces, subsp., Asterina cristata Fisher, 1917b:91. (Fisher, 1919a:414–416, pl. 115: figs. 1, 2; pl. 116: figs. 1, 2; pl. 131: figs. 5, 5a.)

Holotype: USNM 37036 (1 alcohol), Albatross shore station. Philippines, Palawan Island, Ulugan Bay (near mouth of Baheli River); 2–5 ft (0.6–1.5 m); 28 December 1908.

= Asterina coronata euerces (Fisher, 1917). See Fisher (1918:110).

euphylacteum, Astrothauma Fisher, 1913a:645–646. (Fisher, 1919a:320–324, pl. 86: fig. 2; pl. 87: fig. 2; pl. 93: figs. 7, 7a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30558 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5412.

euplecta, Coscinasterias (Distolasterias) Fisher, 1906b: 1105–1106, pl. 41: figs. 4, 4a–c; pl. 42: figs. 1–4.

Holotype: USNM 21188 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3885.

Paratypes: USNM 31381 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3835.

USNM 39423 (5 alcohol), Albatross 3859. The USNM catalog shows 15 specimens from this station.

USNM 31934 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4045.

USNM 39918 (1 dry), Albatross 4064. The specimen label states Albatross 4046; however, this is probably a cataloging error.

USNM 39901 (2 dry), Albatross 4066. USNM 31937 (8 dry), Albatross 4079.

USNM 31935 (2 alcohol). Albatross 4100. A note in bottle states that Fisher removed the specimens in 1923. They have not been replaced.

= Sclerasterias euplecta (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1924a: 2–7).

euryactis, Persephonaster Fisher 1913a:613–614. (Fisher, 1919a: 112–115, pl. 24: fig. 4; pl. 25: fig. 4; pl. 30: fig. 5; pl. 35: figs. 1, 1a-d; pl. 36: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 30520 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5297.

euryplax, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:634–635. (Fisher, 1919a:264–266, pl. 63: fig. 3; pl. 72: fig. 2; pl. 92: figs. 6, 6a.)

Holotype: USNM 30542 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5516.

eusticha, Fromia Fisher, 1913c:213–214. (Fisher, 1919a:375–377, pl. 95: fig. 2; pl. 105: fig. 1; pl. 106: fig. 1; pl. 107: figs. 3, 5.)

Holotype: USNM 32637 (1 alcohol),Albatross 5146.

evaulus, Dytaster (Koremaster) Fisher, 1913a:623–624. (Fisher, 1919a:157–161, pl. 33: fig. 2; pl. 34: fig. 2; pl. 40: figs. 2, 2a-e.)

Holotype: USNM 30532 (1 alcohol),Albatross 5606.

=Koremaster evaulus (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1919a: 157–161).

evermanni, Brisinga Fisher, 1906b: 1113–1115, pl. 43: fig. 2; pl. 45: fig. 4; pl. 47: fig. 3; pl. 48: figs. 2, 2a–c.

Holotype: USNM 21193 (1 alcohol),Albatross 3992. evermanni, Zoroaster (Myxoderma) Fisher, 1905:317–318. (Fisher, 1928a:40–43, pl. 18: fig. 4; pl. 19: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 22347 (1 alcohol),Albatross 4400.

= Zoroaster evermanni (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1919b: 389–390). Myxoderma raised to the genus level.

evoplus, subsp., Cheiraster agassizi Fisher, 1910c:551. (Fisher, 1911a:123–127, pl. 28: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 27798 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4387.

=Pectinaster agassizi evoplus (Fisher, 1910). See Fisher (191 1a:123–127).

evorus, Tritonaster Fisher, 1913a:621–622. (Fisher, 1919a: 136–140, pl. 29: figs. 1, 4; pl.30: fig. 6; pl. 39: figs. 3, 3a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30529 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5476.

exiguus, Astropecten Ludwig, 1905:72–75, pl. 4: figs. 19, 20; pl. 22: fig. 121.

Syntypes: USNM 34327 (21 alcohol), Albatross 3387.

USNM 34328 (2 alcohol. Albatross 3388.

USNM 34326 (1 alcohol). Albatross 3389.

exiguus, Solaster Fisher, 1910d:573–574. (Fisher, 1911a:319–320, pl. 90: figs. 1, 2; pl. 112: figs. 4, 4a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 27786 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2980.

Paratype: USNM E42542 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2980.

exilis, Brisinga Fisher, 1905:318–319. (Fisher, 1928a: 13–16, pl. 2: figs. 2, 2c,d; pl. 8: figs. 2, 2a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 22348 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4398.

= Brisingella exilis (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1917d:421, 423, 427).

eximius, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1905:296–297. (Fisher, 1911a: 86–90.)

Holotype: USNM 22328 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4334, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 514–541 fm (940–989 m); 9 March 1904.

fecunda, Freyella Fisher, 1905:319–320. (Fisher, 1928a:21–24, pl. 3: figs. 1, 1a-f; pl. 7: fig. 2; pl. 9; pl. 12: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 22349 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4530, California, Monterey Bay, Point Pinos Light House; 755–958 fm (1381–1752 m); 27 May 1904.

= Freyellaster fecundus (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1918:104).

ferruginea, Luidia Ludwig, 1905:80–84.

Syntypes: USNM 34444 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3391.

USNM 34445 (4 alcohol),Albatross 3391. fisheri, Asthenactis Alton, 1966:692–696, figs. 2–5.

Holotype: USNM E10430 (1 alcohol), Commando, Oregon, southwest of mouth of Columbia River, 46°03′12″N 125°05′42″W; 800 fm (1463 m); U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; 30 May 1964.

Paratypes: E10431 (1 alcohol), Commando, Oregon, southwest of mouth of Columbia River, 46°03′12″N 125°05′42″W; 800 fm (1463 m); U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; 30 May 1964.

USNM E10432 (1 dry), Commando, Oregon, southwest of mouth of Columbia River, 46°03′12″N 125°05′42″W; 800 fm (1463 m); U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; 30 May 1964.

fisheri, Odontohenricia Rowe and Albertson, 1988:93–96, figs. 7A,B, 8A-E.

Holotype: USNM E3838 (1 dry), Albatross 2877. fissispina, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:264,

Holotype: USNM 1276 (1 dry), Washington, Cape Shoalwater; Dr. J.G. Cooper, Northern Pacific Railroad Expedition. Stimpson recorded Cape Shoalwater from Oregon.

= Pisaster ochraceus (Brandt, 1835). See Fisher (1926a: 557–559).

flexilis, subsp., Poraniopsis inflata Fisher, 1910d:568–569. (Fisher, 1911a:265–266, pl. 58: fig. 8; pl. 64; pl. 112: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 27778 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4407, California, Santa Catalina Island, SE point; 334–600 fm (611–1097 m); 9 April 1904.

florae, Archaster Verrill, 1878:372–373.

Holotype: USNM 33259 (1 dry), Speedwell, station not recorded, Nova Scotia, 30 miles south of Halifax; 100 fm (183 m); 1877.

= Psilaster andromeda florae (Verrill, 1878). See Clark and Downey (1992:78–79).

forcipatus, var., Astropecten nitidus Verrill, 1915:180, pl. 16: fig. 3; pl. 20: fig.1.

Holotype: USNM 10067 (1 dry) Albatross 2313.

Paratypes: USNM 10545 (1 dry), Albatross 2417. Verrill incorrectly cited USNM 10543 for this specimen.

USNM E43000 (10 alcohol), Albatross 2313. Specimens were segregated from the holotype lot.

= Astropecten nitidus Verrill, 1915. See Downey (1973: 30–31).

forcipatus, Neomorphaster Verrill, 1894:269–271.

Holotype: USNM 14859 (1 dry), Albatross 2681. A label attached to the specimen in Verrill's handwriting notes that Verrill described the species from this specimen.

Paratype: USNM 11131 (1 dry), Albatross 2530.

Remarks: A second paratype, USNM 11425 from Albatross 2531 (p. 271), was deposited in the Peabody Museum.

forcipifera, Evoplosoma Fisher, 1906b: 1065–1067, pl. 26: figs. 5, 5a–c; pl. 27: figs. 4, 4a,b; pl. 29: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 21169 (1 dry), Albatross 4186. The type is missing from the USNM collections.

formosus, Archaster Verill, 1884:383–384.

Syntypes: USNM 7963 (1 dry), Albatross 2174.

USNM 8151 (2 alcohol), Albatross 2226.

USNM 9081 (5 alcohol), Albatross 2043.

USNM 9082 (1 dry and 2 alcohol), Albatross 2041.

USNM 9083 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2042.

USNM 14294 (5 dry), Albatross 2042.

USNM 14295 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2043.

= Paragonaster subtilis (Perrier, 1881). See Grieg (1921: 20–21) and Mortensen (1927:79).

fragilis, Brisinga Fisher, 1906b: 1115–1117, pl. 46: fig. 1; pl. 48: figs. 3, 3a–c.

Holotype: USNM 21194 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3824.

Paratypes: USNM 31104 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3865.

USNM 31105 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4090.

USNM 31106 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4166, Hawaii, center of Bird Island (Nihoa Island); 293–800 fm (536–1463 m); 8 August 1902.

USNM E4342 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3910, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 311–337 fm (569–616 m); 5 May 1902. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 31103 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3817, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 320 fm (585 m); 28 March 1902. Variation A.

USNM 31876 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4041. Variation B.

USNM 31102 (1 alcohol). Albatross 3892. Variation B.

USNM 31874 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3914, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 289–292 fm (529–534 m); 6 May 1902. Variation C.

USNM 31875 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4131. Variation D.

Remarks: Although 5 of the paratype lots are marked as variations, Fisher included them in the type series for B. fragilis. He reported that the small differences were not specific in character and he distinguished them as variations, “merely as a method of systematizing the diagnosis.”

= Brisingella fragilis (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1917d:421, 423, 427).

furcilliger, Lophaster Fisher, 1905:312–313. (Fisher, 1911a:334–338, pl. 79: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 22341 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4425, California, San Nicolas Island, east point; 1084–1100 fm (1983–2012 m); 13 April 1904.

galapagensis, var., Paulia horrida Ludwig, 1905:143–151, pl. 13: figs. 63, 64; pl. 24: figs. 135–137; pl. 25: figs. 142, 143.

Syntypes: USNM 34419 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3405.

USNM 34426 (fragments, dry), Albatross 3405. Ludwig separated and cleaned three fragments from one of the alcohol specimens (USNM 34419) for illustrating purposes.

= Paulia horrida Gray, 1840. See Rowe (1977a:210–211).

galapagensis, Sporasterias Ludwig, 1905:240–242, pl. 34: figs. 202, 203.

Holotype: USNM 34406 (1 alcohol and dry), Albatross 3404. The type is in poor condition. Three rays are dry, and the remainder of the specimen in alcohol is reduced to ossicles.

= Tarsaster galapagensis (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1928a:75–77).

geographicus, Pillsburiaster Halpern, 1970b:3–6, figs. 1, 2 (top).

Holotype: USNM E11258 (1 dry), Pillsbury 76.

Paratypes: USNM E11259 (2 dry), Pillsbury 76.

georgianus, subsp., Perknaster sladeni Fisher, 1940:143–144, figs. B, 2–2b, pl. 5: fig. 2; pl. 6: fig. 3.

Paratype: USNM E17221 (1 alcohol), Discovery 42, South Georgia, off mouth of Cumberland Bay; 120–204 m; 1 April 1926.

gigantea, Asterias Stimpson, 1857:528–529, pl. 23: figs. 4–6.

Holotype: USNM 1283 (1 dry and fragment in alcohol), California, Tomales Bay; Mr. Samuels.

Remarks: The small fragment in alcohol was labeled “pedicellaria of type” by W.K. Fisher and returned by the California Academy of Sciences.

= Pisaster giganteus (Stimpson, 1857). See Verrill (1914a: 89–91).

gilberti, Dytaster Fisher, 1905:300–301. (Fisher, 1911a:101105, pl. 17: figs. 1–3; pl. 53: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 22331 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4397.

globifera, Uniophora Gray, 1840:288.

Paratype: USNM E3768 (1 dry), Australia, Tasmania (Van Diemen's Land); Ronald Gunn. Donated by the British Museum through W.K. Fisher (ex BMNH 40.3.9.6).

= Uniophora granifera (Lamarck, 1816). See Fisher (1923b:597).

glyptodisca, Ferdina Fisher, 1913c:213. (Fisher, 1919a:370–373, pl. 56: fig. 5; pl. 95: figs. 4, 4a,b; pl. 104: fig. 2; pl. 106: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 32636 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5640.

gotoi, Pseudonepanthia A.H. Clark, 1916a:118–120.

Holotype: USNM 36899 (1 alcohol). Albatross 3746, Japan, off Honshu Island, Suno Saki; 49 fm (90 m); 19 May 1900.

gotoi, Psilaster Fisher, 1913a:609–610. (Fisher, 1919a:100103, pl. 16: figs. 3, 3a,b; pl. 20: fig. 3; pl. 21: fig. 1; pl. 30: fig. 4; pl. 35: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 30517 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5468.

gracilis, Cribella. Ludwig, 1905:204–206, pl. 13: figs. 67, 68; pl. 30: fig. 178; pl. 31: fig. 179.

Syntypes: USNM 34373 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3404.

USNM 34374 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3426.

USNM 34375 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3425.

= Henricia gracilis (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:270).

gracilis, Hymenaster Ludwig, 1905:198–201, pl. 15: figs. 77, 78; pl. 35: figs. 214, 215.

Syntypes: USNM 34367 (1 alcohol), Albatross. 3381.

USNM 34368 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3400.

gracilis, Narcissia A.H. Clark, 1916c:58–60.

Holotype: USNM 38317 (1 dry), Albatross 2829.

gracilis, Pectinaster Verrill, 1915:145–147, pl. 6: fig. 1; pl. 14: fig. 4; pl. 15: figs. 1–1b.

Holotype: USNM 10564 (1 dry), Albatross 2396. Verrill reported that the locality was unknown.

Paratypes: USNM E42997 (2 dry), Albatross 2396.

= Cheirasters (Cheiraster) planus Verrill, 1915. See A.M. Clark (1981:116–117).

gracilis, Prionaster Fisher, 1913a:603. (Fisher, 1919a:55–56, pl. 3: fig. 2; pl. 6: fig. 1; pl. 9: figs. 1, 1a,b)

Holotype: USNM 30508 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5425.

graminicola, Echinaster Campbell and Turner, 1984:167–176, figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM E28934 (1 dry), Florida, Sarasota Bay, Bradenton Beach, oyster bed, 27°28′12″N 082°42′06″W; 0–1 m; D.B. Campbell and R.L. Turner; 14 July 1981.

Paratypes: USNM E28935 (8 alcohol), Florida, Sarasota Bay, Bradenton Beach, oyster bed, 27°28′12″N 082°42′06″W; 0–1 m; D.B. Campbell and R.L. Turner; 14 July 1981.

USNM E28966 (16 dry), Florida, Sarasota Bay, Bradenton Beach, oyster bed, 27°28′12″N 082°42′06″W; 0–1 m; D.B. Campbell and R.L. Turner; 14 July 1981.

USNM E28936 (3 dry), Florida, St. Petersburg, Sunshine Skyway Causeway, seagrass bed, 27°39′00″N 082°40′30″W; 1 m; D.B. Campbell and R.L. Turner; 21 January 1978.

grandis, Archaster Verrill, 1884:218.

Syntypes: USNM 6715 (35+ alcohol and dry), Albatross 2106.

USNM 6716 (60+ alcohol and dry), Albatross 2105.

USNM 9022 (3 dry), Albatross 2037.

USNM 9023 (6 alcohol), Albatross 2042.

USNM 9226 (11 alcohol), Albatross 2096.

USNM 9240 (2 dry), Albatross 2051.

USNM 24572 (1 dry), Albatross 2035.

USNM 24576 (1 dry), Albatross 2038.

= Dytaster grandis grandis (Verrill, 1884). See Verrill (1894:248).

grandis, Pontioceramus Fisher, 1911d:421–422. (Fisher, 1919a:294–297, pl. 77: fig. 3; pl. 78: fig. 3; pl. 83: fig. 4; pl. 93: figs. 4, 4a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 28657 (1 dry), Albatross 5273.

grandis, Porania 1873:371–372.

Syntype: USNM 5976 (1 alcohol), Schooner Alice G. Wonson, sta. 89, Massachusetts, east of Georges Bank; 200 fm (366 m); Gloucester Fisheries; Capt. Anderson; August 1878.

= Chondraster grandis (Verrill, 1878). See A.M. Clark (1984:27–33).

grandis, Sideriaster Verrill, 1899:220.

Holotype: USNM 10877 (1 dry), Albatross 2378. Although Verrill stated the USNM catalog number of his holotype both in his original description and in a later publication (1915:192–193), it was deposited in the Peabody Museum at Yale University.

= Tethyaster grandis (Verrill, 1899). See A.M. Clark and A.H. Clark (1954:17–20).

granuliferus, Pseudarchaster Verrill, 1899:192–193, pl. 30: figs. 6, 6a.

Holotype: USNM 18448 (1 dry), Albatross 2751.

= Pseudarchaster gracilis gracilis (Sladen, 1889). See Clark and Downey (1992:262–263).

granulosus, Anthenoides Fisher, 1913a:647. (Fisher, 1919a:333–336, pl. 88: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 30559 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5626.

guyanensis, Echinaster A.M. Clark, 1987:68–69, 73, figs, la, 2A, B.

Holotype: USNM E33593 (1 dry), Oregon 4190.

Paratypes: USNM E32677 (2 dry), Pillsbury 750.

USNM E32678 (20+ dry), Pillsbury 695.

USNM E32679 (1 dry), Pillsbury 1327.

USNM E32680 (5 dry), Pillsbury 1365.

USNM E32681 (4 dry), Oregon 4179.

USNM E32682 (1 dry), Pillsbury 617.

USNM E32683 (2 dry), Pillsbury 616.

USNM E32684 (3 dry), Oregon 2250.

USNM E32685 (7 dry), Pillsbury 687.

USNM E32686 (1 dry), Pillsbury. 1311

USNM E32687 (7 dry), Pillsbury 1369.

USNM E32688 (1 dry), Pillsbury 627.

USNM E32689 (1 dry), Pillsbury 625.

USNM E32690 (1 dry), Pillsbury 1363.

USNM E32691 (1 dry), Pillsbury 721.

USNM E32692 (2 dry),Pillsbury 686.

USNM E32693 (1 dry), Pillsbury 728.

USNM E32694 (2 dry), Pillsbury 792.

USNM E32695 (1 dry), Pillsbury 767.

USNM E32696 (1 dry), Pillsbury 749.

USNM E32697 (2 dry), Pillsbury 773.

USNM E32698 (4 dry), Pillsbury 727.

USNM E32699 (1 dry), Pillsbury 696.

USNM E32700 (6 dry), Pillsbury 699.

USNM E32701 (8 dry), Pillsbury 669.

USNM E32702 (1 dry), Pillsbury 629.

USNM E32703 (3 dry), Pillsbury 625.

USNM E32704 (5 dry), Pillsbury 626.

USNM E32705 (4 dry), Pillsbury 624.

USNM E32706 (1 dry), Pillsbury 574.

USNM E32707 (3 dry), Pillsbury 709.

USNM E32708 (7 dry), Pillsbury 835.

USNM E32709 (1 dry), Pillsbury 1219.

USNM E32710 (4 dry), Pillsbury 1331.

USNM E32711 (1 dry), Pillsbury 1335.

USNM E32712 (1 dry), Pillsbury 1336.

USNM E32713 (1 dry), Oregon 2249.

USNM E32714 (1 dry), Oregon 4166.

gymnochora, Luidia Fisher, 1913c:204. (Fisher, 1919a:175–180, pl. 42: figs. 1, 2; pl. 44: figs. 4, 5; pl. 46: figs. 1, 1a-d.)

Holotype: USNM 32625 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5409.

habrogenys, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:618–619. (Fisher, 1919a:131–134, pl. 13: fig. 1; pl. 28: fig. 1; pl. 31: fig. 6; pl. 39: figs. 2, 2a-e.)

Holotype: USNM 30527 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5114.

habrotatus, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:639–640. (Fisher, 1919a:282–285, pl. 66: fig. 3; pl. 67: fig. 3; pl. 68: fig. 4; pl. 69: fig. 4; pl. 92: figs. 8, 8a.)

Holotype: USNM 30549 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5491.

halicepus, Coronaster Fisher, 1917a:26. (Fisher, 1919a:497–499, pl. 135: figs. 5, 5a; pl. 140; pl. 151: figs. 1, 1a-d.)

Holotype: USNM 37012 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5281.

Paratypes: USNM 40077 (1 alcohol, 3 rays only). Albatross 5621.

USNM 40149 (1 alcohol, 1 ray only). Albatross 5621.

halperni, Tamaria Downey, 1971b:46–47, fig. 2A,B.

Holotype: USNM El1381 (1 dry), Oregon II 10849.

Paratypes: USNM E12432 (1 dry), Oregon II 10513.

USNM El2433 (1 dry), Oregon 4928.

USNM E12434 (1 dry), Oregon 2643. The locality and depth are incorrect in original citation (p. 46).

USNM El2435 (1 dry), Oregon station not recorded.

USNM E12436 (3 dry), Oregon 6715.

USNM El2437 (1 dry), Oregon II 10850.

hartti, Leptasterias Rathbun, 1879:145–147.

Syntypes: USNM 5412 (2 dry), Norseman, Brazil, 30 miles east of Cape Negro, 23°20′S; 62 fm (113 m); gravelly bottom; C.F. Hartt; 1875–1877.

= Allostichaster hartti (Rathbun, 1879). See Fisher (1930:221).

hawaiiensis, Astropecten Döderlein, 1917:51, 121.

Syntype: USNM E9663 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4055.

USNM E9664 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4031, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 27–28 fm (49–51 m); 9 July 1902.

hawaiiensis, Ctenophoraster Fisher, 1906b:1015–1016, pl. 3: figs. 1, 1a-e; pl. 5: figs. 1, 2; pl. 6: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 21147 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3935.

hawaiiensis, Pentaceros Fisher, 1906b: 1072–1074, pl. 32: figs. 1–3; pl. 33: fig. 1; pl. 34: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 21171(1 alcohol), Albatross 3850.

Paratypes: USNM 31302 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3849.

USNM 31948 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3849.

USNM 31949 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3850.

USNM 32199 (2 dry), Albatross 3849.

hayashii, Odontohenricia Rowe and Albertson, 1988:96–99, figs. 9A.B, 10A–F.

Holotype: USNM E34052 (1 dry), Albatross 3749, Japan, off–Honshu Island, Suno Saki; 83–158 fm (152–289 m); 19 May 1900.

heathi, Hippasteria Fisher, 1905:309–310. (Fisher, 1911a: 231–233, pl. 44: figs. 1, 2; pl. 58: figs. 5, 5a; pl. 60: fig. 6.)

Holotype: USNM 22338 (1 dry), Albatross 4239, Alaska, junction of Clarence Strait and Behm Canal, center of Guard Island; 206–248 fm (377–454 m); 9 July 1903.

hebes, Peltaster Verrill, 1899:169–170, pl. 28: fig. 4.

Holotype: USNM 18442 (1 dry), Albatross 2668.

= Peltaster placenta (Müller and Troschel, 1842). See Clark and Downey (1992:257–258).

hebes, Stephanasterias Verrill, 1915:26, pl. 9: fig. 3.

Syntypes: USNM 18420 (51 alcohol), Albatross 2766. Verrill incorrectly reported the catalog number as USNM 18426.

= Allostichaster capensis (Perrier, 1875). See Clark and Downey (1992:417).

helianthus, Crossaster Verrill, 1894:274–275.

Holotype: USNM 24787 (1 dry). Schooner Martha Cunningham 645; Massachusetts, off Georges Bank; 60 fm (110 m); Gloucester Fisheries; 19 March 1880.

helonotus, Asterodiscus Fisher, 1913c:210–211. (Fisher, 1919a:357–360, pl. 95: figs. 1, la; pl. 96: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 32633 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5149.

= Asterodiscides helonotus (Fisher, 1913). See Rowe (1977a:192, 202–203).

hemiopla, Fromia Fisher, 1913c:214–215. (Fisher, 1919a: 377–378, pl. 95: fig. 3; pl. 105: fig. 2; pl. 106: fig. 3; pl. 107: figs. 2, 4.)

Holotype: USNM 32638 (1 alcohol), Albatross shore station, Philippines, Mindanao, South of Zamboanga, Tonquil Island, Gumila Reef.

heteropaes, Sclerasterias Fisher, 1924a:7–8. (Fisher, 1928a: 112–118, pl. 52: fig. 3; pl. 54; pl. 56: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM E1427 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4554, California, Monterey Bay, Point Pinos Light House; 60–80 fm (110–146 m); 9 June 1904.

heterozona, Luidia Fisher, 1940:265, figs. M, 4–4c, pl. 23.

Holotype: USNM E10075 (1 ray, alcohol), Discovery 272.

Paratype: USNM E10076 (1 alcohol), Discovery 279, Gabon, east of Cape Lopez; 58–67 m; 10 August 1927.

hexactis, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:272–273.

Syntypes: USNM 1368 (15 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission, Dr. C.B. Kennerly. Fisher (1928a: 107–109) considered these specimens not to be typical forma hexactis, and, in fact, labeled one specimen as forma regularis Verrill and 14 specimens as forma plena Verrill.

USNM E3987 (3 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission, Dr. C.B. Kennerly. Fisher (1928a:107–109) segregated these three specimens from the original lot, USNM 1368 as being typical forma hexactis.

= Leptasterias hexactis (Stimpson, 1862). See Verrill (1914a:126–128).

hexactis, Pteraster (Temnaster) Verrill, 1894:275–277.

Holotype: USNM 12004 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2433. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

= Pteraster obscurus (Perrier, 1891a). See Clark and Downey (1992:333–334).

hirsutus, Zoroaster Ludwig, 1905:172–177, pl. 28: figs. 161, 162; pl. 29: fig. 168.

Holotype: USNM 34382 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3415.

hispidella, Leptasterias Verrill, 1895:210.

Syntypes: USNM 12118 (4 dry), Albatross 2494. Verrill reported only two specimens in his description. He provided measurements for only one of the two specimens he described, therefore it is not possible to determine which two specimens he intended to be the types.

hispidus, Odontaster Verrill, 1880b:402.

Holotype: USNM 33313 (1 dry), Fish Hawk (station not recorded); Rhode Island, off Newport; 1880.

Paratypes: USNM E42998 (1 dry), Fish Hawk (station not recorded); Rhode Island, off Newport; 1880. Specimen segregated from USNM 33313.

USNM 9383 (14 dry), Fish Hawk 871.

USNM 9384 (8 alcohol), Fish Hawk 872.

USNM 9385 (2 dry), Fish Hawk 873.

USNM 13568 (2 dry), Fish Hawk 865.

USNM 24744 (2 dry), Fish Hawk 894.

horridus, Cheiraster Fisher, 1906b:1042–1043, pl. 10: figs. 5, 5a; pl. 17: fig. 3; pl. 18: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 21156 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4079.

hylacanthus, Pectinaster Fisher, 1913c:204–205. (Fisher, 1919a:187–190, pl. 48: fig. 2; pl. 49: fig. 3; pl. 54: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 32626 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5467.

Remarks: In Fisher (1919a), both the plate reference (p. 187) and the plate caption for the enlarged actinal aspect of the type are in error.

= Pectinaster mimicus hylacanthus (Fisher, 1913). See Döderlein (1921:36–37).

hylodes, Leptasterias Fisher, 1930:35–40, pl. 10: figs. 5–11; pl. 17; pl. 18: figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM E1490 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2851.

Paratypes: USNM 4191 (1 dry), Alaska, Shumagin Islands, Popof Strait; W.H. Dall.

USNM 6065 (1 dry), Alaska, Shumagin Islands, Unga Island, Round Island, Coal Harbor; W.H. Dall; 1872.

USNM 6075 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Unalaska, Captains Harbor; 9–15 fm (17–27 m); W.H. Dall; 1874.

USNM E3500 (2 dry), Albatross (station not recorded). Alaska, Kodiak Island; 1888.

USNM E3518 (2 dry), Albatross 2850.

USNM E3994 (2 dry), Albatross 2856.

USNM E3995 (1 dry), Albatross 3265.

USNM E3996 (1 dry), Albatross 3266.

USNM E3997 (1 dry), Albatross 3220.

USNM E3998 (1 dry), Albatross 3291.

USNM E10082 (87 alcohol), Albatross 2846.

USNM E10156 (87 alcohol), many station number labels in jar. Labels not attached to specific specimens. Albatross 2845, 2847, 2856, 3265.

USNM E42501 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4284, Alaska, Chignik Bay, Tbliumnit Point; 26–30 fm (48–55 m); 10 August 1903.

USNM E42502 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4285, Alaska, Chignik Bay, Tbliumnit Point; 31–59 fm (57–108 m); 10 August 1903.

USNM E42503 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4281, Alaska, Chignik Bay, Tuliumnit Point; 42–43 fm (77–79 m); 10 August 1903.

USNM E42504 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3214.

USNM E42505 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3260.

USNM E42506 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3219.

USNM E42507 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2851.

USNM E42508 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3232.

USNM E42509 (3 alcohol), Albatross shore station, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Agattu Island; low tide; 8 June 1906.

USNM E42510 (4 alcohol), Albatross 2847.

USNM E42511 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2856.

hypacantha, Distolasterias Fisher, 1917b:92. (Fisher, 1919a:487–489, pl. 141: fig. 3; pl. 151: figs. 5, 5a.)

Holotype: USNM 37032 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5417.

hypacanthus, subsp., Paragonaster ctenipes Fisher, 1913a:627. (Fisher, 1919a:228–232, pl. 70: fig. 3; pl. 71: fig. 2; pl. 72: fig. 1; pl. 91: figs. 9, 9a.)

Holotype: USNM 30536 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5273.

hyperoncus, Pedicellaster H.L. Clark, 1913:201–202, pl. 44: figs. 3, 4.

Holotype: USNM 31639 (1 dry), Albatross 5675.

= Ampheraster hyperoncus (H.L. Clark, 1913). See Fisher (1928a:80–81).

hypothrissus, Solaster Fisher, 1910d:574. (Fisher, 1911a:324–325, pl. 93: figs. 1, 2; pl. 113: figs. 5, 5a.)

Syntypes: USNM 27787 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3338. hystrix, Luidia Fisher, 1906b: 1032–1033, pl. 13: figs. 1, 2; pl. 14: figs. 1, 2; pl. 15: figs. 2, 2a.

Holotype: USNM 21153 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3876.

Paratypes: USNM 31405 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3861.

USNM 31406 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3987.

USNM 31407 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4024. The station label attached to the specimen states Albatross 4024; however, in the record of localities, Fisher did not include this station. It is possible that he incorrectly included this specimen with the entry for Albatross 4034.

USNM 31408 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4031, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 27–28 fm (49–51 m); 9 July 1902.

USNM 31409 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4034, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 14–28 fm (26–51 m); 9 July 1902.

USNM 31410 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4082. The station label attached to the specimen states Albatross 4082. Although this station does not appear in Fisher's list of localities, Albatross 4032 is included. Because there are no type specimens labeled Albatross 4032, it is possible that Fisher simply recorded an erroneus station in his publication.

USNM 31411 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4158, Hawaii, center of Bird Island (Nihoa Island); 20–30 fm (37–55 m); 7 August 1902. The station label attached to the specimen states Albatross 4158. Although this station does not appear in Fisher's list of localities, Albatross 4168 is included. It is possible that Fisher incorrectly cited station 4168 rather than station 4158.

imperialis, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1917b:89. (Fisher, 1919a: 146151, pl. 32: figs. 1, 2; pl. 40: figs. 1, 1a,b; pl. 41: figs. 1, 1a.)

Holotype: USNM 37037 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5115.

improvisus, Pedicellaster Ludwig, 1905:216–220, pl. 35: figs. 207–212.

Syntypes: USNM 34432 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3362.

USNM 34433 (1 alcohol and dry), Albatross 3400. Two rays of specimen are dry.

USNM 34434 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3407.

= Hydrasterias improvisa (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1923a:251).

inaequalis, subsp., Astropecten vappa Fisher, 1919a:69–70.

Holotype: USNM 40124 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5174.

inermis, Parastropecten Ludwig, 1905:76–80, pl. 4: figs. 21, 22; pl. 21: fig. 117; pl. 22: fig. 126.

Syntype: USNM 34430 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3353.

Remarks: Ludwig examined two specimens but the one from Albatross 3371 is missing from the USNM collections.

= Leptychaster inermis (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:42, 53).

inermis, var., Porcellanaster vicinus Ludwig, 1907:318.

Syntypes: USNM E9778 (1 dry), Albatross 4672.

USNM E9782 (1 dry), Albatross 4670.

= Eremicaster vicinus inermis (Ludwig, 1907). See Fisher (1907:12–14).

inops, Cheiraster Fisher, 1906b: 1043–1044, pl. 10: fig. 4; pl. 17: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 21157 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3865.

Paratypes: USNM 31454 (4 alcohol), Albatross 3474.

USNM 31483 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3474.

insignis, Anseropoda Fisher, 1906b: 1088–1089, pl. 38: figs. 1, la.

Holotype: USNM 21180 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4101.

Paratypes: USNM 32198 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4101.

USNM E41462 (1 dry), Albatross 3835.

insignis, Freyella Ludwig, 1905:272–280, pl. 32: figs. 188, 189.

Syntypes: USNM 34348 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3382.

USNM 34349 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3381.

USNM 34350 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3399.

Remarks: The rays of all the syntypes are so fragmented and some discs so deteriorated that an accurate specimen count is now impossible.

insignis, Perissogonaster Fisher, 1913a:628–629. (Fisher, 1919a:236–239, pl. 73: fig. 1; pl. 74: fig. 2; pl. 91: figs. 8, 8a.)

Holotype: USNM 30538 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5113.

insignis, Porania Verrill, 1895:138–139.

Lectotype: USNM 5534 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1097.

Paralectotypes: USNM 4113 (5 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1046.

USNM 5027 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1043.

USNM 5531 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1109.

USNM 5532 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1117.

USNM 5533 (2 dry), Fish Hawk 1092.

USNM 5535 (5 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1098.

USNM 6349 (1 dry), Albatross 2027.

USNM 6354 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2014.

USNM 6362 (12 alcohol), Albatross 2011.

USNM 6385 (1 dry), Albatross 2012.

USNM 7698 (1 dry), Albatross 2183.

USNM 7700 (2 dry), Albatross 2177.

USNM 8328 (5 alcohol), Albatross 2264.

USNM 8329 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2265.

USNM 8457 (9 alcohol), Albatross 2264.

USNM 9505 (2 alcohol), Fish Hawk 940.

USNM 9506 (2 alcohol), Fish Hawk 949.

USNM 9735 (5 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1046.

USNM 9736 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 865.

USNM 11019 (10 alcohol), Albatross 2422.

USNM 13013 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1097.

USNM 13014 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1108.

USNM 13453 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1097.

USNM 17996 (2 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1109.

USNM 17997 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1117.

USNM 17998 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 923.

USNM 18496 (4 alcohol and dry), Albatross 2420. Three specimens in poor condition, deteriorated.

USNM E30126 (5 alcohol), Fish Hawk 1097.

Remarks: Clark and Downey (1992:210–211) designated the lectotype.

= Porania pulvillus insignis Verrill, 1895. See A.M. Clark (1984:47–48).

insignis, var., Pseudarchaster intermedius Verrill, 1895:132.

Holotype: USNM 11818 (1 dry), Albatross 2571. Specimen is labeled type in Verrill's handwriting.

= Pseudarchaster parelii (Düben and Koren, 1846). See Halpern (1972:366–369).

insignis, Saraster A.H. Clark, 1916c:54–56.

Holotype: USNM 36895 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2992. Specimen in poor condition, reduced to ossicles and few arm fragments.

= Nearchaster aciculosus (Fisher, 1910). See A.M. Clark (1981:95).

intermedius, Acantharchaster Fisher, 1910c:551. (Fisher, 1911a:141–142, pl. 24: fig. 3; pl. 27: fig. 1; pl. 118: figs. la, 1–1f.)

Holotype: USNM 27802 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4530, California, Monterey Bay, Point Pinos Light House; 755–958 fm (1381–1752 m); 27 May 1904.

= Myonotus intermedius (Fisher, 1910). See Fisher (1911c:92).

japonica, Poraniopsis Fisher, 1939:469–472, pls. 55, 56.

Holotype: USNM E5603 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5049.

japonicus, Solaster Fisher, 1911a:330, figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 27788 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4818.

Paratypes: USNM 33061 (8 alcohol), Albatross 4818.

USNM 33062 (4 alcohol), Albatross 4867.

USNM 33063 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4871.

jordani, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1906b: 1038–1039, pl. 10: figs. 7, 7a; pl. 19: figs. 2, 2a.

Holotype: USNM 21159 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3474.

Paratype: USNM 31518 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3474.

Remarks: The original publication recorded 2 specimens for USNM 21159; however, Fisher labeled one specimen as the holotype and the other as paratype.

jordani, Pteraster Fisher, 1905:314. (Fisher, 1911a:350–352.)

Holotype: USNM 22343 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4354, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 646–650 fm (1182–1189 m); 14 March 1904. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

katherinae, Asterias Gray, 1840:179.

Paratype: USNM E3767 (1 dry), Washington-Oregon border, mouth of Columbia River. Specimen donated by the British Museum through W.K. Fisher (ex BM 38.7.15.111).

= Leptasterias polaris katherinae (Gray, 1840). See Fisher (1923b:599).

kieri, Hymenaster Downey, 1979b:801–803, fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM E18204 (1 dry), Gilliss 74–04, sta. 87.

= Hymenaster regalis Verrill, 1895. See Clark and Downey (1992:320–321).

Remarks: H. kieri is a junior objective synonym of H. regalis as the holotype was designated the neotype of Verrill's regalis by Clark and Downey (1992:320–321).

koehleri, Hymenaster Fisher, 1910a:170. (Fisher, 1911a:373–376, pl. 108: fig. 1; pl. 117: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 27795 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3603.

koehleri, Rhopiella Fisher, 1940:160–162, figs. E, 2–2d, pl. 10: figs. 1, 2.

Paratype: USNM E17223 (1 alcohol), Discovery 363, South Sandwich Islands, off SE point of Zavodovski Island; 278–329 m; 26 February 1930.

kubiniji, Heliaster Xantus, 1861:568.

Syntypes: USNM 630 (10 dry and 4 alcohol), Mexico, Baja California, Cerro Blanco off Cape San Lucas.

kurilensis, subsp., Hippasteria spinosa Fisher, 1911a:226–227, pl. 43: fig. 2; pl. 121: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 27885 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4804.

Paratypes: USNM 32103 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4804.

USNM 32106 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4803.

= Hippasteria kurilensis Fisher, 1911. See Djakonov (1950:47).

lacrimulus, Asterodiscides Rowe, 1977a:206–207, fig. 5a–c.

Holotype: USNM E15833 (1 dry), IIOE,Anton Bruun cruise 9, sta. 444.

laetmophilus, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1910c:547. (Fisher, 1911a:95–97, pl. 12: fig. 3; pl. 15: figs. 1, 2; pl. 52: figs. 3, 3a,b; pl. 53: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 24672 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3340.

leiopelta, Hippasteria Fisher, 1910c:553. (Fisher, 1911a:227–229, pl. 46: figs. 1–4; pl. 58: fig. 6.)

Holotype: USNM 27886 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4795. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

lepidonotus, Cryptopeltaster Fisher, 1905:311–312. (Fisher, 1911a:238–240, pl. 47: figs. 1, 2; pl. 58: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 60: fig. 7.)

Holotype: USNM 22340 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4430, California, south coast of Santa Cruz Island, Gull Islet; 197–281 fm (360–514 m); 14 April 1904.

lepidus, Poranisca Verrill, 1914b: 19, pl. 1: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 18485 (1 dry), Albatross 2265. The station number, and therefore the locality, eastern coast of the United States is questionable because the original station label gives “23” as the first two numerals and the last two are obliterated. A.M. Clark (1984:25) and Clark and Downey (1992:205–206) discussed the probable error in locality.

= Marginaster pectinatus Perrier, 1881. See A.M. Clark (1984:25).

leptocerama, Tosia Fisher, 1905:306–307. (Fisher, 1911a: 210–214, pl. 39: figs. 1–3; pl. 58: figs. 3, 3a; pl. 60: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 22336 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4378, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 376–594 fm (688–1086 m); 17 March 1904.

= Ceramaster leptoceramus (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:210–214).

leptodoma, Leptasterias Fisher, 1930:105–107, pl. 43: figs. 2, 2a,b; pl. 50: fig. 6.

Holotype: USNM E1497 (1 dry), Alaska, Shumagin Islands Unga Island, Humboldt Bay.

Paratypes: USNM 10038 (1 dry), Alaska, Shumagin Islands, Unga Island, Popof Strait; W.H. Dall.

USNM E8921 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island; low tide; W.H. Dall.

USNM E8940 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Atka Island, Nazan Bay; low tide; sta. 535 (1058); W.H. Dall; 1873.

USNM E28317 (9 dry), Albatross shore station; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Agattu Island; 8 June 1906.

USNM E28318 (1 dry), Albatross shore station; Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Unalaska Island; low tide; 16 June 1890.

USNM E28319 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Atka Island; low tide.

USNM E28320 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Adak Island.

leptodomus, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:637. (Fisher, 1919a: 272–274, pl. 66: fig. 1; pl. 67: fig. 1; pl. 68: fig. 3; pl. 69: fig. 3; pl. 92: figs. 2, 2a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30545 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5216.

leviuscula, Linckia Stimpson, 1857:529.

Holotype: USNM 3357 (1 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Dr. G. Suckley.

= Henricia leviuscula (Stimpson, 1857). See Fisher (1910d:569–570).

lionotus, Astroceramus Fisher, 1913a:643. (Fisher, 1919a: 310–313, pl. 81: fig. 1; pl. 82: fig. I; pl. 84: fig. 3; pl. 94: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 30555 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5523.

lisa, Henricia A.H. Clark, 1949:374–375.

Holotype: USNM E7774 (1 dry), Atlantis cruise 152, sta. 8. lithosorus, Anthenoides Fisher, 1913a:647–648. (Fisher, 1919a:336–338, pl. 89: fig. 2; pl. 90: fig. 2; pl. 94: figs. 6, 6a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30560 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5301.

littoralis, Asteracanthion Stimpson, 1853:14.

Syntype: USNM 1315 (1 dry), New Brunswick, Grand Manan, middle region of the littoral zone; W. Stimpson; summer 1852.

= Leptasterias littoralis (Stimpson, 1853). See Verrill (1879b: 14).

longispina, Henricia Fisher, 1910d:572–573. (Fisher, 1911a:299–300, pl. 76: figs. 1, 2; pl. 111: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 27783 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4199, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Strait, center of Round Island off Fort Rupert; 68–107 fm (124–196 m); 25 June 1903.

longispinus, Zoroaster Ludwig, 1905:180–185, pl. 14: figs. 71–74; pl. 29: figs. 169, 170.

Syntypes: USNM 34384 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3400.

USNM 34385 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3435.

USNM 34386 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3357. Juvenile specimen, arm fragments only.

lorioli, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1906b:1077–1079, pl. 31: figs. 4, 4a–d; pl. 39: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 21173 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3834.

Paratype: USNM E9594 (1 dry), Albatross 3834.

ludwigi, Cheiraster Fisher, 1913c:205–206. (Fisher, 1919a:203–205, pl. 48: fig. 1; pl. 49: fig. 2; pl. 55: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 32627 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5660.

ludwigi, Luidia Fisher, 1906a: 122–124. (Fisher, 1911a: 113–116, pl. 20: figs. 2, 3; pl. 21: fig. 2; pl. 54: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 21928 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2970.

lutkeni, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:265–266.

Holotype: USNM 1281 (1 dry), Oregon.

= Pisaster giganteus (Stimpson, 1857). See Fisher (1926a:561–562).

luzonicus, Astropecten Fisher, 1913a:606. (Fisher, 1919a:8284, pl. 12: fig. 2; pl. 13: fig. 3; pl. 14: figs. 4, 4a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30512 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5112.

luzonicus, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:614–615. (Fisher, 1919a:118–121, pl. 23: fig. 3; pl. 24: fig. 1; pl. 36: figs. 3, 3a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30522 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5326.

lymani, Copidaster A.H. Clark, 1948b:56–58, pl. 2: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E7177 (1 dry), Florida, outer reefs of Key Largo; F.B. Lyman; September 1947.

macropora, Anseropoda Fisher, 1913c:219. (Fisher, 1919a:424–425, pl. 110: fig. 3; pl. 131: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 32645 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5146.

madeirensis, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:263.

Holotype: USNM 1241 (1 dry), Madeira Islands; W. Stimpson.

= Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758). See Mortensen (1927:143–145).

madseni, subsp., Echinaster sepositus Clark and Tortonese, 1986:66–71, fig. 1.

Paratype: USNM E33592 (1 dry). Pillsbury 63.

magister, Odinia Fisher, 1917b:93. (Fisher, 1919a:507–509, pl. 143: figs. 1, 2; pl. 144: fig. 2; pl. 151: fig. 4; pl. 152: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 37026 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5258. Two rays only.

= Novodinia magister (Fisher, 1917). See Dartnall et al. (1969:211).

magister, Pedicellaster Fisher, 1923a:251. (Fisher, 1928a:59–64, pl. 33: fig. 5.)

Holotype: USNM E1418 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4792.

Paratype: USNM E16039 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4792.

magnifica, Luidia Fisher, 1906b: 1033–1036, pl. 15: figs. 1–3; pl. 16: figs. 1, 1a.

Holotype: USNM 21154 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3849.

magnificus, Zoroaster Ludwig, 1905:159–164, pl. 26: figs. 146–148; pl. 27: figs. 149, 150.

Syntypes: USNM 34383 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3360. Both specimens are fragmented.

magnus, Thoracaster Ludwig, 1907:313–314.

Syntypes: USNM E933 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4649.

USNM E4907 (1 dry), Albatross 4658.

USNM E4912 (1 dry), Albatross 4658.

USNM E4909 (2 dry), Albatross 4717.

= Thoracaster cylindratus Sladen, 1883. See Clark and Downey (1992:105–106).

malpeloensis, subsp., Narcissia gracilis Downey, 1975:87.

Holotype: USNM E11837 (1 dry), Colombia, Malpelo Island, on rubble near base of vertical rock wall; 160 ft (48.8 m); sta. 4; C. Birkeland; 2 May 1972.

Paratypes: USNM E11836 (5 dry), Colombia, Malpelo Island; 120–160 ft (36.6–48.8 m); sta. 4 and 5; C. Birkeland; 1–2 May 1972.

mamillatus, Rosaster Fisher, 1913a:632–633. (Fisher, 1919a:247–250, pl. 56: figs. 3, 4; pl. 61: figs. 3, 4; pl. 91: figs. 5, 5a).

Holotype: USNM 30541 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5481.

marchenus, Coronaster Ziesenhenne, 1942:210–213, pl. 33: figs. 5–6; pl. 34: figs. 2–6.

Paratype: USNM E9633 (1 alcohol), Velero 111, sta. 310–35, Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. Two rays only.

mariana, Sporasterias Ludwig, 1905:231–235, pl. 33: figs. 194–198.

Syntypes: USNM 34407 (4 alcohol and dry), Albatross 3425. Six dried unassociated arms and many fragile arm fragments, no discs, in alcohol.

= Ampheraster marianus (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1928a:80–83).

marquesensis, Ctenophoraster Marsh, 1974:71–73, figs. 1–3.

Paratypes: USNM E11586 (1 dry), Pele sta. NH-XV, Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva; 43–45 fm (79–82 m); 22 September 1967.

USNM E11587 (1 dry),Pele sta. TH-X, Marquesas Islands, Tahuata Island; 40 fm (73 m); 1 October 1967.

USNM E11588 (1 dry), Pele sta. NH-VIII, Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva; September 1967.

USNM E11589 (2 dry), Pele sta. TH-I, Marquesas Islands, Tahuata Island; 43–45 fm (79–82 m); 28 September 1967.

USNM E11590 (1 dry), Pele sta. UP-II, Marquesas Islands, Ua Pou Island; 39–43 fm (71–79 m); 23 September 1967.

marsippus, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a: 168–169. (Fisher, 1911a:352–354, pl. 100: fig. 1; pl. 101: fig. 2; pl. 115: fig. 4; pl. 116: fig. 1)

Holotype: USNM 27791 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4784.

maya, Floriaster Downey, 1980:347–348, figs. 1a,b, 2a,b.

Holotype: USNM E18324 (1 dry), Alaminos 70-A-10, sta. 6.

medusa, Asthenactis Fisher, 1913c:224. (Fisher, 1919a:454–456, pl. 134: figs. 2, 2a-e).

Holotype: USNM 32650 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5605.

= Myxaster medusa (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1919a:454–456).

megalabis, subsp., Pedicellaster magister Fisher, 1928a:64–66, pl. 16: fig. 4; pl. 26: figs. 3, 3a-e; pl. 27: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 28: fig. 2; pl. 34: figs. 2, 3.

Holotype: USNM E1419 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4335, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 500–530 fm (916–969 m); 9 March 1904.

Paratypes: USNM E16038 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4351, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 423–488 fm (774–893 m); 14 March 1904.

USNM E16042 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2928.

USNM E16097 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4333, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 301–487 fm (551–891 m); 9 March 1904.

USNM E16278 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4333, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 301–487 fm (551–891 m); 9 March 1904.

USNM E16279 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4334, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 514–541 fm (940–989 m); 9 March 1904.

USNM E16280 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4335, California, vicinity of San Diego, Point Loma Light House; 500–530 fm (915–969 m); 9 March 1904.

USNM E16282 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2892.

USNM E16283 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2925.

USNM E16284 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3347.

Remarks: Fisher recorded only 4 specimens from Albatross 4333.

megaloplax, Prionaster Fisher, 1913a:603–604. (Fisher, 1919a:56–59, pl. 4: fig. 3; pl. 5: fig. 1; pl. 9: figs. 2, 2a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30509 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5624.

megatretus, subsp., Anteliaster coscinactis Fisher, 1928a:71–73, pl. 29: figs. 2, 2a,b; pl. 35: figs. 5, 5a.

Holotype: USNM 32477 (1 dry), Albatross 5675.

meseres, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:639. (Fisher, 1919a:280–282, pl. 66: fig. 2; pl. 67: fig. 2; pl. 68: fig. 2; pl. 69: fig. 2; pl. 92: figs. 4, 4a.)

Holotype: USNM 30548 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5115.

mexicana, Anthenea A.H. Clark, 1939a:56–58.

Holotype: USNM 38318 (1 dry), Mexico, off west coast; A. Duges.

mexicana, Freyella A.H. Clark, 1939a:442–446.

Holotype: USNM E5602 (1 dry), Albatross 2379.

= Freyastera mexicana (A.H. Clark, 1939). See Downey (1986:38–40).

microbrachia, Heliaster Xantus, 1861:568.

Holotype: USNM 2017 (1 dry), Mexico, Baja California, Cape San Lucas.

microceramus, Aphroditaster Fisher, 1913a:626–627. (Fisher, 1919a:225–228, pl. 59: fig. 2; pl. 60: fig. 1; pl. 70: fig. 5; pl. 91: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 30535 (1 dry), Albatross 5648.

= Fisheraster microceramus (Fisher, 1913). See Halpem (1970b:2).

microgenys, Anteliaster Fisher, 1928a:73–74, pl. 30: figs. 1, 1a-e; pl. 35: fig. 3; pl. 36: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM E1422 (1 alcohol). Albatross 2951.

micropelta, Tosia (Ceramaster) Fisher, 1906b:1054–1055, pl. 21: fig. 2; pl. 26: figs. 4, 4a.

Holotype: USNM 21164 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4151, Hawaii, center of Bird Island (Nihoa Island); 313–871 fm (572–1533 m); 5 August 1902.

microplax, Freyellidea Fisher, 1917d:430. (Fisher, 1928a:25–27, pl. 10: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM E1415 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3342.

= Freyella microplax (Fisher, 1917). See Fisher (1919a:538).

microplax, Henricia Fisher, 1917b:91. (Fisher, 1919a:437–439, pl. 120: figs. 3, 5; pl. 121: fig. 2; pl. 132: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 37006 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5518.

microporus, Zoroaster Fisher, 1916b:30. (Fisher, 1919a:475–477, pl. 134: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 136: fig. 2; pl. 139: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 37009 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5637.

microspina, Freyella Verrill, 1894:286–288.

Holotype: USNM 7821 (1 dry), Albatross 2220. Only a few arm fragments remain.

microspina, Henricia Verrill, 1915:48–49.

Holotype: USNM 18390(1 dry), Albatross 2655.

= Henricia antillarum (Perrier, 1881). See Downey (1973:84–85).

millespina, Hyalinothrix Fisher, 1911b:661–663, pl. 69–71.

Holotype: USNM 27674 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3863.

Paratype: USNM E9677 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3863.

mimica, Brisinga Fisher, 1916b:32. (Fisher, 1919a:518–520, pl. 147: figs. 3–5; pl. 149: fig. 4; pl. 152: figs. 4, 4a-d.)

Holotype: USNM 37021 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5648.

= Brisingenes mimica (Fisher, 1916). See Fisher (1917d:419, 427).

mimicus, Rosaster Fisher, 1913a:632. (Fisher, 1919a:250–253, pl. 62: fig. 1; pl. 65: fig. 1; pl. 70: fig. 1; pl. 91: figs. 4, 4a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30540 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5281.

mirabilis, Tremaster Verrill, 1879a:201–202.

Syntypes: USNM 4949 (1 alcohol), Gloucester Fisheries, sta. 327. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated.

USNM 5707 (1 alcohol), Schooner Herbert M. Rogers, sta. 477, Nova Scotia, Banquereau; 250 fm (457 m); Gloucester Fisheries; 1879. The locality data pertains to the specimen label, which is inconsistent with publication. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated.

USNM 31082 (1 alcohol), Schooner Epes Tarr, sta. 382, Gloucester Fisheries.

mirus, Alexandraster Ludwig, 1905:210–214, pl. 15: figs. 79, 80; pl. 31: figs. 181–183; pl. 32: fig. 184.

Syntypes: USNM 34333 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3384. USNM 34336 (1 dry), Albatross 3403. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

= Poraniopsis inflata flexilis Fisher, 1910. See Fisher (1911a:260–261, 266).

Remarks: The genus, Alexandraster has been synonymized with Poraniopsis Perrier, 1891b (see Fisher, 1910d:568). The name Poraniopsis mira (de Loriol, 1904) is the senior homonym of P. mira (Ludwig, 1905). Fisher discussed this problem (1911a:260–261, 266) but chose not to introduce a replacement name for P. mira (Ludwig, 1905) suggesting that the species is “doubtfully distinct from my flexilis.” In subsequent publications (1939:469) and (1940:159), Fisher maintained this affinity and continued to include the distribution of P. mira (Ludwig, 1905) in his range of distributions for his subspecies flexilis, although he never formally synonymized the species. The synonymy stated herein is inferred from Fisher's publications as referenced above.

mixtus, Pectinaster Verrill, 1915:140–145, pl. 6: fig. 2; pl. 15: fig. 2; pl. 17: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 10226 (1 dry), Albatross 2341.

Paratype: USNM 18470 (1 dry), Albatross (station not recorded).

= Cheiraster (Barbadosaster) echinulatus (Perrier, 1875). See A.M. Clark (1981:112).

moluccana, Brisinga Fisher, 1916b:32–33. (Fisher, 1919a:526–528, pl. 147: figs. 1, 2; pl. 149: fig. 3; pl. 154: figs. 2, 2a–c; pl. 156: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 37022 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5626.

= Astrostephane moluccana (Fisher, 1916). See Fisher (1917d:421–422).

moluccanus, Benthopecten Fisher, 1913c:207–208. (Fisher, 1919a:208–211, pl. 53: fig. 1; pl. 55: figs. 5, 5a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 32629 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5618.

moluccanus, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:637–638. (Fisher, 1919a:274–277, pl. 64: fig. 3; pl. 65: fig. 2; pl. 68: fig. 7; pl. 92: figs. 3, 3a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30546 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5622.

monacantha, Brisingella H.L. Clark, 1920:107–108, pl. 5: figs. 3, 4.

Holotype: USNM E934 (1 ray, alcohol), Albatross 4651. This species was described from two rays only.

monacanthus, Styracaster Ludwig, 1907:315.

Holotype: USNM E9784 (1 dry), Albatross 4701. Specimen in fair condition, portion of disc and arms intact.

monostoechus, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:620–621. (Fisher, 1919a:134–136, pl. 20: fig. 2; pl. 21: fig. 2; pl. 31: fig. 5; pl. 37: figs. 3a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30528 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5606. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

mordax, Psalidaster Fisher, 1940:229–231, figs. K, 2–2g, 3–3b; pl. 18: figs. 1, 2. Paratype: USNM E10078 (1 alcohol), William Scoresby 821. Two rays only.

mordax, subsp., Zoroaster evermanni Fisher, 1919b:391. (Fisher, 1928a:43–44, pl. 19: fig. 2.) Holotype: USNM 37040(1 alcohol), Albatross 3073.

morrisoni, Heliaster A.H. Clark, 1946:9–11, pl. 3; lower. Holotype: USNM E6767 (1 dry), Panama, Perlas Archipelago, San Jose, South Bay, near camp; from rocks; A. Wetmore and J.P.E. Morrison; 27 February 1944.

moseri, Hyphalaster Ludwig, 1905:100–103, pl. 7: figs. 36, 37.

Syntypes: USNM 34447 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3684. USNM 34452 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3684.

mucronatus, Nymphaster Fisher, 1913a:636–637. (Fisher, 1919a:269–272, pl. 63: figs. 1, 2; pl. 68: fig. 5; pl. 69: fig. 6; pl. 92: figs. 1, 1a.)

Holotype: USNM 30544 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5116.

multicinctus, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:616. (Fisher, 1919a:123–125, pl. 25: fig. 1; pl. 26: fig. 1; pl. 27: fig. 1; pl. 37: figs. 2, 2a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30524 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5648.

multicostata, Brisinga Verrill, 1894:280–283.

Holotype: USNM 12074 (1 dry). Albatross 2573. There are 6 arm fragments in alcohol (USNM 12075) that may be part of the type specimen. Both lots have identical but incorrect preprinted USFC Grampus labels.

Paratypes: USNM E43001 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2573.

USNM 14858 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2685.

= Brisingenes multicostata (Verrill, 1894). See Downey (1986:17).

multispina, subsp., Henricia leviuscula Fisher, 1910d:571–572. (Fisher, 1911a:286–289, pl. 72: fig. 1; pl. 73: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 27779 (1 dry). Albatross 4779.

multispina, subsp., Leptasterias alaskensis Fisher, 1930:133–135, pl. 48: fig. 4; pl. 57: figs. 6, 7.

Holotype: USNM El503 (1 dry), Alaska, Alexander Archipelago, Wrangell; W.H. Jones; 1882.

Paratypes: USNM E39297 (9 dry), Alaska, Alexander Archipelago, Wrangell; W.H. Jones; 1882.

USNM 15829 (4 dry), Southem Alaska; W.H. Jones; 1882. USNM E16068 (1 alcohol). Southern Alaska; W.H. Jones; 1882.

USNM 15836 (1 dry), Alaska, Alexander Archipelago, Prince of Wales Island, Kasan Bay; T.H. Streets.

USNM E39298 (2 dry), British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Strait, Alert Bay; W.H. Jones; February 1882.

Remarks: The plate caption of the holotype is incorrect. It is figure 6 of plate 57 and figure 7 is a paratype from southern Alaska, the one photographed specimen of the 4 specimens (USNM 15829). The number of paratypes from southern Alaska and Wrangell is incorrect. USNM has 5 specimens and 9 specimens respectively; Fisher recorded 6 and 8.

mutabilis, Benthopecten Fisher, 1910c:548–549. (Fisher, 1911a: 147–150, pl. 22: fig. 1; pl. 23: fig. 3; pl. 54: figs. 6, 6a.)

Holotype: USNM 27803 (1 alcohol). Albatross 2859.

myobrachius, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1906b: 1037–1038, pl. 10: figs. 6, 6a; pl. 19: figs. 1, la–c. Holotype: USNM 21158 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3995. Paratype: USNM 31306 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4028.

myonotus, subsp., Pteraster obesus Fisher, 1916b:28. (Fisher, 1919a:458–460, pl. 127: fig. 1; pl. 128: fig. 3; pl. 133: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 37015 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5518.

nana, Cribella Ludwig, 1905:207–210, pl. 13: figs. 65, 66; pl. 31: fig. 180.

Syntypes: USNM 34372 (7 alcohol), Albatross 3405.

= Henricia nana (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:270).

nannodes, subsp., Anteliaster microgenys Fisher, 1928a:74–75, pl. 29: figs. 3, 3a-d; pl. 35: fig. 4.

Holotype: USNM E1423 (1 dry), Albatross 4770. Specimen reduced to particles, poor condition.

Paratype: USNM E16070 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4770.

nannus, Rosaster Fisher, 1913a:631–632. (Fisher, 1919a:244–247, pl. 61: figs. 1, 2; pl. 68: fig. 6; pl. 91: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 30539 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5152.

nesiotes, Dipsacaster Fisher, 1906b: 1026–1029, pl. 9: figs. 3, 3a; pl. 10: figs. 2, 2a,b; pl. 12: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 21151 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3916, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 299–330 fm (547–603 m); 6 May 1902.

Paratypes: USNM 31598 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3866.

USNM 31599 (3 alcohol). Albatross 3867.

USNM 31600 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3884.

USNM 31601 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3910, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 311–337 fm (569–616 m); 5 May 1902.

USNM E4450 (1 alcohol). Albatross 3866.

nitida, Tosia (Plinthaster) Verrill, 1899:165–166, pl. 27: figs. 1, 1a,b.

Holotype: USNM 18449 (1 dry), Albatross 2396.

= Plinthaster dentatus (Perrier, 1884). See Halpern (1970a:244–252).

nitidus. Astropecten Verrill, 1915:179–180, pl. 20: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 18344 (1 dry), Albatross 2762.

Paratypes: USNM 10548 (5 alcohol), Albatross 2418.

USNM 18345 (1 dry), Albatross 2318.

nortonensis, var., Allasterias rathbuni Verrill, 1909a:66, fig. 7.

Syntype: USNM 7621 (1 dry), Alaska, head of Norton Sound; 9 m; J. Murdoch; 12 September 1883.

= Asterias amurensis Lütken, 1871. See Fisher (1930:6–23).

notabilis, Mimaster Fisher, 1913a:624–625. (Fisher, 1919a:217–220, pl. 41: figs. 6, 6a; pl. 57: fig. 2; pl. 58: fig. 1.)

= Radiaster notabilis (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1916a:4–5).

notophrynus, Solaster Downey, 1971a:39–41, fig. 1A,B.

Holotype: USNM E11383 (1 dry), Oregon 5929.

nudus, Albatrossaster Ludwig, 1907:318–319.

Holotype: USNM E9786 (1 dry), Albatross 4647.

= Porcellanaster ceruleus C.W. Thomson, 1877. See Madsen (1961:126–142).

nudus, Zoroaster Ludwig, 1905:164–172, pl. 14: figs. 69, 70; pl. 27: figs. 154–156; pl. 28: figs. 157–160.

Syntypes: USNM 34381 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3431. One specimen in poor condition, disc tom, rays fragmented.

USNM 34387 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3432.

= Cnemidaster nudus (Ludwig, 1905). See H.L. Clark (1920:97–98).

nutrix, Odinella Fisher, 1940:207–214, figs. G, 1–6, figs. H, 1–9, pls. 14, 15; pl. 16: figs. 1–11; pl. 17: figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM E9613 (1 alcohol). Discovery 39, South Georgia, east side of Cumberland Bay; 179–235 m; 25 March 1926. Part of one ray only.

Paratype: USNM E10077 (1 alcohol), Discovery 42, South Georgia, off mouth of Cumberland Bay; 120–204 m; 1 April 1926.

nuttingi, Astropecten Verrill, 1915:181–184, pl. 12: figs. 2–2e; pl. 21: figs. 1, 2.

Paratype: USNM 18350 (1 dry), Albatross 2418.

= Astropecten alligator Perrier, 1881. See Clark and Downey (1992:28).

nuttingi, Patagiaster Fisher, 1906b:1029–1031, pl. 9: figs. 2, 2a; pl. 12: fig. 3; pl. 17: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21152 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4081. The holotype bottled with USNM 31412 and USNM 31413. All specimens are in poor condition and are reduced to ossicles and a few fragments. Paratypes: USNM 30796 (44 alcohol). Albatross 4083.

USNM 30797 (19 dry), Albatross 4116.

USNM 31371 (200+ alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM 31412 (5 alcohol), Albatross 4081. (See holotype remark.)

USNM 31413 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3836. (See holotype remark.)

USNM 31421 (47 alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM 31588 (44 alcohol). Albatross 4081.

USNM 31591 (1 dry), Albatross 3919, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 220–257 fm (402–470 m); 6 May 1902. Specimen is reduced to ossicles and is boxed with nontype specimens of same species, also in poor condition (USNM 31589, 31590, 31592).

USNM E4453 (5 dry). Albatross 4081.

USNM 32221 (7 alcohol), Albatross 3472. Specimens deteriorated to ossicles only.

USNM E42497 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3836.

USNM E42498 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4044.

USNM E42499 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3472.

USNM E42500 (1 alcohol). Albatross 4115.

ochotense, Asteracanthion Brandt, 1851:28–30.

Syntypes: USNM 10158 (1 alcohol), Russia, Okhotsk Sea; Alexander Th. von Middendorff collection, no. 1354. Donated to the USNM through W.K. Fisher by the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad through A. Djakonov.

USNM E10159 (2 alcohol), Russia, Okhotsk Sea; Alexander Th. von Middendorff collection, no. 1327. Donated to the USNM through W.K. Fisher by the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad through A. Djakonov.

= Leptasterias ochotensis (Brandt, 1851). See Fisher (1928a:l, 1930:57–59).

octoradiata, Anasterias Koehler, 1914:64–68, pl. 14: figs. 1–7.

Holotype: USNM 38199 (1 alcohol). South Georgia, Bay of Isles; 4 fm (7 m); Robert C. Murphy.

= Diplasterias octoradiata (Studer, 1885). Anasterias octoradiata Koehler is the junior secondary homonym of Pedicellaster octoradiatus Studer. See Fisher (1940:254–257).

octoradiata, Freyellidea H.L. Clark, 1920:110–111, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E942 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4742. Specimen fragmented.

= Freyella octoradiata (H.L. Clark, 1920). See Fisher (1928a:24).

oediplax, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:617–618. (Fisher, 1919a:127–131, pl. 22: fig. 3; pl. 23: fig. 4; pl. 31: fig. 3; pl. 38: figs. 2, 2a-d.)

Holotype: USNM 30526 (1 alcohol). Albatross 5123.

oligobrachia, Freyellidea H.L. Clark, 1920:112–113, pl. 6: figs. 3, 4.

Holotype: USNM E9836 (1 dry). Albatross 4742. Specimen fragmented.

Paratype: USNM E9834 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4742. Juvenile specimen in fair condition, fragmented.

= Freyella oligobrachia (H.L. Clark, 1920). See Fisher (1928a:24).

oligoporus, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1913a:625–626. (Fisher, 1919a:222–225, pl. 59: fig. 1; pl. 60: fig. 3; pl. 91: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 30534 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5609.

ophiactis, Zoroaster Fisher, 1916b:29–30. (Fisher, 1919a: 473–475, pl. 135: figs. 2, 2a,b; pl. 136: fig. 1; pl. 139: fig.3.)

Holotype: USNM 37008 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5606.

ophiurus, Zoroaster Fisher, 1905:315–316. (Fisher, 1928a: 34–37, pl. 13: figs. 1, lb; pl. 17: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 22345 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4387.

ordinatus, Pseudarchaster Verrill, 1899:194–195, pl. 30: figs.

4, 4a,b.

Holotype: USNM 18438 (1 dry). Albatross 2396. Paratypes: USNM 10345 (2 dry). Albatross 2376.

= Pseudarchaster gracilis gracilis (Sladen, 1889). See Halpern (1972:360–366).

orientalis, Ctenodiscus Fisher, 1913a:601. (Fisher, 1919a:44–46, pl. 2: figs. 2–4.)

Holotype: USNM 30505 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5528. Specimen deteriorated, disc and arm fragments in fragile condition.

orientalis, Luidia Fisher, 1913c:203. (Fisher, 1919a:166–168, pl. 43: figs. 2–4; pl. 44: fig. 1; pl. 46: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 32623 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5301.

orientalis, subsp., Pedicellaster magister Fisher, 1928a:66–67, pl. 16: fig. 5; pl. 27: figs. 1, 1a–c, 5; pl. 28: fig. 3; pl. 34: fig. 5.

Holotype: USNM E1420 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4867.

Paratypes: USNM E41021 (4 alcohol), Albatross 4867.

ornatissimus, Astropecten Fisher, 1906a:119–121. (Fisher, 1911a:67–71, pl. 51: figs. 1, 1a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 21927 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4413, California, Santa Catalina Island, Bird Rock; 152–162 fm (278–296 m); 11 April 1904.

ornatus, Mediaster Fisher, 1906b:1046–1048, pl. 16: figs. 3, 3a,b; pl. 20: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 21160 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4022.

Paratypes: USNM 30899 (24 alcohol), Albatross 3474.

USNM 30900 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3475.

USNM 31392 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4021.

USNM 31393 (1 dry), Albatross 4123.

USNM E9657 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4028.

USNM E9658 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4141.

orthodon, Asterina Fisher, 1922b:415–418, pl. 10: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E1058 (1 dry), Hong Kong, seaward side of island; low tide; Arthur S. Campbell; 1922.

pacifica, Freyella Ludwig, 1905:267–272.

Holotype: USNM 34379 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3690, Tuamotu Archipelago, Hao Atoll, NW face; 812 fm (1485 m); 29 October 1899.

pacifica, Odinia Fisher, 1906b:1108–1109, pl. 43: fig. 1; pl. 47: figs. 1, 1a-d.

Holotype USNM 21190 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3828.

= Novodinia pacifica (Fisher, 1906). See Dartnall et al. (1969:211).

pacificus, subsp., Dactylosaster cylindricus Fisher, 1925:75, pl. 8b.

Paratype: USNM E8853 (1 dry), Hawaii, Kure Island (Ocean Island); Tanager Expedition.

pacificus, Leptychaster Fisher, 1906a:112–114. (Fisher, 1911a:45–48.)

Holotype: USNM 21925 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2862. Fisher attached a handwritten label to the specimen stating Albatross 2892. The original description and Fisher's second reference (1911a) record Albatross 2862. Probably Fisher simply wrote the wrong station number on the specimen label.

pacificus, Porcellanaster Ludwig, 1905:89–92, pl. 6: figs. 28, 29.

Syntypes: USNM 34401 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3360.

USNM 34402 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3362.

USNM 34399 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3376.

USNM 34400 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3392.

USNM 34398 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3400.

USNM 34403 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3411.

USNM 34404 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3415. Ludwig reported 2 specimens from this station.

= Eremicaster pacificus (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1907:12–14).

pacificus, Pythonaster Downey, 1979a:70–73, figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM E17965 (1 dry), Melville, Mexico, off Baja California on the abyssal plain, 31°19′42″N 119°39′12″W; 1968–2010 fm (3599–3676 m); Scripps Institute of Oceanography; 18 December 1969.

palawanensis, subsp., Pectinaster mimicus Fisher, 1919a:185–187, pl. 52: fig. 3; pl. 54: figs. 2, 2a.

Holotype: USNM 37003 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5349. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles and a few arm fragments.

Paratypes: USNM 40370 (2 dry), Albatross 5349.

Specimens in poor condition deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

USNM 40838 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5349.

panamensis, Brisinga Ludwig, 1905:258–267, pl. 28: figs. 163–167; pl. 32: figs. 185–187.

Syntypes: USNM 34324 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3362. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, disc torn, reduced to ossicles and fragments. Ludwig reported 2 specimens from this station.

USNM 34369 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3376.

USNM 34320 (12 alcohol), Albatross 3392. All remaining specimens are fragmented.

USNM 34322 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3392. Specimen in poor condition, rays fragmented.

USNM 34323 (1 dry), Albatross 3411.

USNM 34321 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3400 and 3431. Ludwig reported 7 specimens from sta. 3400 and one from sta. 3431. One specimen from 3400 was given to the MCZ, 1914. One specimen is missing.

= Astrolirus panamensis (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1917d:424, 428).

pannychia, Brisingella Fisher, 1928a:18–19, pl. 8: figs. 4, 4a.

Holotype: USNM 37038 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4767.

panopla, Brisinga Fisher, 1906b:1109–1111, pl. 43: fig. 3; pl. 44; pl. 45: fig. 3; pl. 47: figs. 2, 2a-f.

Holotype: USNM 21191 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4177, Hawaii, vicinity of Niihau Island, Kawahioa Point; 319–451 fm (533–825 m); 12 August 1902.

Paratypes: USNM 31404 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3992. Arm fragments only.

USNM E4524 (1 dry), Albatross 3992. Dissociated rays.

papyraceus, Asthenactis Fisher, 1906b:1097–1098, pl. 40: figs. 3, 3a.

Holotype: USNM 21183 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4157, Hawaii, center of Bird Island (Nihoa Island); 762–1000 fm (1394–1829 m); 6 August 1902.

parvispinus, Echinaster A.H. Clark, 1916c:60–61.

Holotype: USNM 36893 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3021.

paschae, Stylasterias H.L. Clark, 1920:105–106, pl. 4: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM E703 (1 dry), Albatross shore station, Easter Island; 21 December 1904.

passiflora, Tamaria Downey, 1971b:48–49, fig. 3A,B.

Holotype: USNM E11382 (1 dry), Oregon II 10858.

patagiatus, subsp., Diplopteraster multipes Fisher, 1916b:28–29. (Fisher, 1919a:462–463, pl. 130: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 37016 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5656.

paucispina, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:266.

Holotype: USNM 1286 (1 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission; Dr. C.B. Kennerly.

Paratypes: USNM 1287 (1 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission; Dr. C.B. Kennerly.

USNM 1288 (3 alcohol and 1 dry), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission; Dr. C.B. Kennerly.

= Pisaster brevispinus forma paucispinus (Stimpson, 1862). See Fisher (1926a:565–566).

paucispinus, Echinaster A.M. Clark, 1987:73–75, figs. 1b, 2C, 3A,B.

Holotype: USNM E34074 (1 dry), Hourglass sta. D, FDNR field no. EJ-67–69; Florida Department of Natural Resources.

paucispinus, Marginaster Fisher, 1913c:216. (Fisher, 1919a:407–409, pl. 131: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 32641 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5310.

paucispinus, Styracaster Ludwig, 1907:315–316.

Syntype: USNM E9837 (1 dry),Albatross 4658.

pauperrima, Henricia Fisher, 1906b: 1091–1092, pl. 35: figs. 3, 4; pl. 38: figs. 3, 3a,b.

Holotype: USNM 21182 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4166, Hawaii, center of Bird Island (Nihoa Island); 293–800 fm (536–1463 m); 8 August 1902.

pectinatus, Astropecten Sladen, 1883:251–253.

Syntype: USNM E13710 (1 alcohol), Challenger, exact station unclear. All of the three localities listed in the original description appear on the specimen label: Victoria, Australia, either Port Jackson or Port Phillip or Bass Strait. Received in exchange from the British Museum (ex BMNH 90.5.7 220–224).

pectinatus, Bathybiaster Fisher, 1905:295–296. (Fisher, 1911a:72–78, pl. 7: fig. 7; pl. 10: figs. 1–3.)

Holotype: USNM 22327 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4387.

= Psilaster pectinatus (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:72–78).

pectinifer, Pararchaster Ludwig, 1905:10–16, pl. 1: fig. 1; pl. 16: figs. 85–87; pl. 17: figs. 88, 89, 91–93.

Syntypes: USNM 34437 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3407. Specimens in fair condition, quite fragmented.

= Benthopecten pectinifer (Ludwig, 1905). See Ludwig (1910:464–466).

pectinifer, Pseudarchaster Ludwig, 1905:106–110, pl. 7: figs. 34, 35.

Holotype: USNM 34417 (1 dry), Albatross 3393. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, two small arm fragments only, some ossicles.

pedicellaris, subsp., Acantharchaster variabilis Fisher, 1910c:550–551. (Fisher, 1911a:138–140, pl. 23: fig. 4; pl. 25: fig. 1; pl. 27: fig. 3; pl. 118: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 27801 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3337.

= Nearchaster pedicellaris (Fisher, 1910). See Fisher (1911a:138–140).

pedicellaris, Astropecten Fisher, 1913a:607. (Fisher, 1919a: 87–89, pl. 12: fig. 1; pl. 13: fig. 4; pl. 15: figs. 2, 2a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30514 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5424.

pedicellaris, Calliaster Fisher, 1906b:1061–1062, pl. 27: fig. 1; pl. 28: figs. 1, 2; pl. 31: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21167 (1 alcohol),Albatross 4100.

pedicellaris, Nepanthia Fisher, 1913c:217–218. (Fisher, 1919a:417–419, pl. 114: figs. 2, 3; pl. 121: fig. 1; pl. 132: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 32643 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5482.

= Asterinopsis pedicellaris (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1919a:417–419).

penichra, Lithosoma Fisher, 1917b:90. (Fisher, 1919a:301–303, pl. 76: fig. 2; pl. 77: fig. 1; pl. 84: fig. 6; pl. 85: fig. 1; pl. 93: figs. 6, 6a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 37004 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5528.

penichra, Odinia Fisher, 1916b:31. (Fisher, 1919a:505–507, pl. 142: fig. 1; pl. 151: figs. 3, 3a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 37019 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5217.

= Novodinia penichra (Fisher, 1916). See Dartnall et al. (1969:211).

penicillatus, Persephonaster Fisher, 1905:297–298. (Fisher, 1911a:79–85, pl. 18: figs. 1–3, 5; pl. 53: figs. 1, 1a,b,d,e.)

Holotype: USNM 22329 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4380, California, vicinity of San Diego, south point North Coronado Island; 530–618 fm (969–1130 m); 18 March 1904.

= Thrissacanthias penicillatus (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:79–85).

pentagonalis, Hymenaster Fisher, 1906b: 1099–1100, pl. 38: figs. 6, 6a,b; pl. 40: fig. 2; pl. 41: fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM 21185 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4090. Specimen in poor fragile condition.

Paratypes: USNM E4451 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3911, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 334–337 fm (611–616 m); 5 May 1902. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles only.

USNM 31908 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3914, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 289–292 fm (529–534 m); 6 May 1902. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated.

USNM 31909 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4090. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated.

USNM E9679 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3911, Hawaii, south coast of Oahu Island, Diamond Head Light; 334–337 fm (611–616 m); 5 May 1902.

perarmatus, Zoroaster H.L. Clark, 1920:102–104, pl. 4: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM E4905 (1 dry), Albatross 4653.

perierctus, Iconaster Fisher, 1913a:642–643. (Fisher, 1919a:306–309, pl. 79: fig. 4; pl. 81: fig. 3; pl. 83: figs. 2, 3; pl. 93: figs. 1, 1a.)

Holotype: USNM 30554 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5166.

perissonotus, Hymenaster Fisher, 1910a: 170. (Fisher, 1911a:376–380.)

Holotype: USNM 27796 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2919.

Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

perplexus, Ophidiaster A.H. Clark, 1954:256–257.

Holotype: USNM E7999 (1 dry), Tuamotu Archipelago, pool and pavement zone at the south end of Ngarumaoa Island; J.P.E. Morrison; 3 September 1952.

= Linckia perplexus (A.H. Clark, 1954).

philippinensis, subsp., Zoroaster carinatus Fisher 1916b:30. (Fisher, 1919a:477–480, pl. 116: fig. 3; pl. 135: figs. 3, 3a; pl. 137.)

Holotype: USNM 37010 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5587.

phragmorus, subsp., Astropecten acanthifer Fisher, 1913a:604. (Fisher, 1919a:65–67, pl. 11: fig. 5; pl. 14: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 30510 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5157.

= Astropecten polyacanthus phragmorus (Fisher, 1913). See A.M. Clark (1974:433–434).

placoderma, Brisinga (Stegnobrisinga) Fisher, 1916b:34. (Fisher, 1919a:531–533, pl. 150; pl. 153: figs. 2, 2a-d.)

Holotype: USNM 37025 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5648. Fragments of rays from the two incomplete nontype specimens (USNM 40900) may be mixed with the holotype.

= Stegnobrisinga placoderma (Fisher, 1916). See Fisher (1919a:531–533).

planus, Cheiraster Verrill, 1915:133–135, pl. 18: fig. 2.

Holotype: USNM 18469 (1 dry), Albatross station not recorded. Clark and Downey (1992:128–129) recorded the locality as possibly Albatross 2396, in the Gulf of Mexico, between Mississippi delta and Cedar Key, Florida.

planus, Pentagonaster Verrill, 1895:135–136. (Verrill, 1899:170–171, pl. 28: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 13362 (1 dry), Fish Hawk 1098.

= Peltaster placenta (Müller and Troschel, 1842). See Verrill (1899:170–171).

platyacanthus, Hymenaster Ludwig, 1905:191, pl. 35: fig. 213.

Syntypes: USNM 34376 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3413. Specimen in fair condition, fragile fragments.

USNM 34377 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3398. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles and fragile fragments.

USNM 34378 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3361. Specimen in fair condition, some deterioration, very fragmented.

platyacanthus, Zoroaster H.L. Clark, 1913:199–201, pl. 44: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 31640 (1 dry), Albatross 5675.

= Myxoderma platyacanthum (H.L. Clark, 1913). See Fisher (1919b:392).

platydisca, Nepanthia Fisher, 1913c:218–219. (Fisher, 1919a:420–422, pl. 114: figs. 1, 4; pl. 116: figs. 4, 5; pl. 132: figs. 1, 1a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 32644 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5645.

= Paranepanthia platydisca (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1917e: 172–173).

polyacantha, Henricia Fisher, 1906a: 129–130. (Fisher, 1911a:302–303, pl. 78: figs. 1, 4.)

Holotype: USNM 21931 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2936.

polyctenius, Benthopecten Fisher, 1913c:208. (Fisher, 1919a:211–213, pl. 51: figs. 2, 3; pl. 52: fig. 2; pl. 55: fig. 4.)

Holotype: USNM 32630 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5654.

polyctenius, Rhipidaster (Xenorias) Fisher, 1913c:222–223. (Fisher, 1919a:451–453, pl. 120: fig. 1; pl. 123: fig. 1; pl. 133: figs. 1, 1a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 32649 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5622.

= Xenorias polyctenius (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1919a:451–453).

polythela, Asterias Verrill, 1909a:68.

Syntype: USNM 15820 (1 dry), U.S.R.S. Corwin, Alaska, off the Arctic coast; Captain M.A. Healy; 1885. Verrill (p. 68) noted two numbers for the type specimen. “No. 16889” is the USNM's accession number for the type specimen.

= Leptasterias polaris acervata forma polythela (Verrill; 1909). See Fisher (1930:62–63, 71–77).

pompom, Paxillasterina A.M. Clark, 1983:374–376, figs. 8, 9.

Holotype: USNM E27407 (1 alcohol), Panama, San Blas Islands, Korbiski Reef, under coral rubble; 20 ft (6.1 m); G. Hendler; 14 February 1977.

Paratypes: USNM 27568 (1 alcohol), Panama, San Blas Islands, Mackerel Reef; 3 m; H.A. Lessios; 5 November 1980.

USNM E27569 (1 dry), Panama, Canal Zone, “Landing Craft Reef” south of Galeta Marine Laboratory; R. Bullock; September 1973.

pontoporeus, Astropecten Sladen, 1883:259–261.

Syntypes: USNM E13715 (2 alcohol), Challenger, station not recorded, South Africa, Simon's Bay, False Bay; 5–20 fm (9–37 m). Received in exchange from the British Museum (ex BMNH 90.5.7 271–290).

= Astropecten irregularis pontoporeus (Sladen, 1883). See H.L. Clark (1926:6).

porteri, Luidia A.H. Clark, 1917c: 153–154.

Holotype: USNM 36947 (1 dry), Albatross 2787.

prionota, Luidia Fisher, 1913c:202. (Fisher, 1919a: 164–166, pl. 41: figs. 5, 5a; pl. 45: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 32622 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5181.

productus, Astropecten Fisher, 1906b: 1010–1012, pl. 2: figs. 5, 5a–f; pl. 4: figs. 1–3.

Holotype: USNM 21145 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4102.

Paratypes: USNM 31391 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4102.

USNM 32244 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4102.

USNM E42492 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4102.

productus, Plinthaster A.H. Clark, 1917b:67–69.

Holotype: USNM 36930 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2154.

= Diplasiaster productus (A.H. Clark, 1917). See Halpem (1970b:7–9).

propinqua, Freyella Ludwig, 1905:280–283.

Holotype: USNM 34380 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3398.

propinquus, Leptychaster Fisher, 1910c:545. (Fisher, 1911a:54–55, pl. 9: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 24338 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4792. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles only.

propinquus, Odontaster A.H. Clark, 1917a:7.

Holotype: USNM 36976 (1 dry), Albatross 2771.

= Acodontaster elongatus granuliferus (Koehler, 1912). See Fisher (1940:111–112).

psilonotus, Sidonaster Fisher, 1913a:600–601. (Fisher, 1919a:37–39, pl. 1: figs. 2, 3; pl. 7: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 30504 (1 alcohol), Albatross station not recorded; probably Philippines.

purpureus, Hymenaster Ludwig, 1905:194–196.

Syntypes: USNM 34366 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3361. Specimens in fair condition, some deterioration, very fragile.

pusilla, Brisingella Fisher, 1917d:427–428. (Fisher, 1928a: 16–18, pl. 2: fig. 1; pl. 8: figs. 3, 3a,b.)

Holotype: USNM E1414 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4427, California, Santa Cruz Island, Point San Pedro; 447–510 fm (818–933 m); 14 April 1904. Specimen in fair condition, some deterioration of arm fragments and disc.

pusilla, Leptasterias Fisher, 1930:118–120, pl. 45: figs. 3, 3a–d; pl. 46: figs. 2, 2a–d; pl. 54: fig. 5; pl. 55: figs. 1, 2, 7.

Holotype: USNM E1499 (1 alcohol), California, Monterey Bay, Cypress Point; intertidal; Hopkins Marine Station; 22 January 1921.

Paratypes: USNM E10164 (2 alcohol), California, Monterey Bay, Cypress Point; intertidal; Hopkins Marine Station; 22 January 1921.

USNM E32472 (5 alcohol), California, Monterey Bay, Cypress Point; intertidal; Hopkins Marine Station; 22 January 1921. Some specimens carrying eggs.

pusillulus, Astropecten Fisher, 1906b:1008–1009, pl. 1: fig. 3; pl. 2: figs. 4, 4a,b.

Holotype: USNM 21144 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4116.

Paratypes: USNM 30786 (50+ alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM 30787 (30+ alcohol), Albatross 4083.

USNM 30788 (11 alcohol), Albatross 4096.

USNM 30789 (28 alcohol), Albatross 4181. Fisher stated in the list of material examined (p. 1009), that this station is probably an error for Albatross 4081.

USNM 31482 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3472.

USNM 31784 (12 alcohol), Albatross 4116.

USNM 31785 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4085.

USNM 31787 (5 alcohol), Albatross 4082. Missing from the USNM collections.

USNM 31788 (27 alcohol), Albatross 4082. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated.

USNM 31789 (12 alcohol), Albatross 4084.

USNM 31790 (50 alcohol), Albatross 4083.

USNM 31796 (37 alcohol), Albatross 4082.

USNM 32208 (5 alcohol), Albatross 4116.

USNM 32209 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3472.

USNM 38045 (35 alcohol), Albatross station not recorded. Hawaiian Explorations, 1902.

USNM E9632 (30+ alcohol), Albatross 4044.

USNM E42491 (7 alcohol), Albatross 4116.

pusillus, Pseudarchaster Fisher, 1905:304–305. (Fisher, 1911a:187–191, pl. 32: figs. 1, 4; pl. 33: fig. 1; pl. 57: figs. 4, 4a.)

Holotype: USNM 22335 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4423, California, San Nicolas Island, east point; 216–339 fm (395–620 m); 13 April 1904.

Paratypes: USNM 31836 (1 dry), Albatross 4423, California, San Nicolas Island, east point; 216–339 fm (395–620 m); 13 April 1904. Specimen in poor condition, portion of disc and arms intact, some ossicles.

USNM 30870 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4423, California, San Nicolas Island, east point; 216–339 fm (395–620 m); 13 April 1904.

pycnopodia, Aphanasterias Fisher, 1923b:601–602. (Fisher, 1930:160–162, pl. 70: figs. 6, 7; pl. 72: figs. 1–3.)

Holotype: USNM E1505 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2847.

qawashqari, Doraster Moyano and Larrain, 1976:105–110, pl. 1: figs. 1–4; pl. 2: figs. 5–10.

Paratype: USNM E16255 (1 dry), Hero cruise 72 4 b, Chile, Golfo de Penas, Bahia Tarn, 47°45′S 075°45′W; 300 m; H.I. Moyano; 1 October 1972. Received from the University of Concepcion (Chile) in exchange for a paratype specimen of another Doraster species.

quadrispinosus, Hymenaster Fisher, 1905:315.

Holotype: USNM 22344 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4387. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, few fragments. regalis, Hymenaster Verrill, 1895:203–204.

Neotype: USNM E18204 (1 dry), Gilliss 74–04, sta. 87.

Remarks: Verrill's holotype has been considered lost since 1907 (note in USNM catalog). Clark and Downey (1992:320–321) made Hymenaster kieri Downey, 1979a a junior objective synonym by designating its holotype, the neotype of Hymenaster regalis.

regularis, Halityle Fisher, 1913c:211–212. (Fisher, 1919a:362–366, pl. 94: fig. 7; pl. 98: fig. 1; pl. 99: figs. 1, 2; pl. 100: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: 32634 (1 dry), Albatross 5165.

regularis, Poraniella Verrill, 1914b: 19–20.

Holotype: USNM 10190 (1 dry), Albatross 2334.

Paratypes: USNM 18474 (1 dry), Albatross 2649.

USNM 10179 (1 dry), Albatross 2333.

USNM 10129 (1 dry), Albatross 2324.

Remarks: USNM catalog numbers 10129 and 10179 are labeled as Marginaster austerus, but one (USNM 10129) also bears the name Poraniella regularis (apparently all handwritten by Verrill). Although Verrill did not precisely designate his paratype material by either station number or USNM catalog number in his description, he stated “not uncommon in the Gulf of Mexico in 25–169 fathoms off W. Florida” and both specimens are within this depth range and locality. In a subsequent report (1915:72), Verrill listed both specimens by USNM numbers in his discussion of P. regularis. Clark (1984:25) and Clark and Downey (1992:205–206) detailed the taxonomic problems and conflicting label information associated with these specimens and determined that neither specimen was used in Verrill's 1914 description of Marginaster austerus.

= Poraniella echinulata (Perrier, 1881). See Clark and Downey (1992:290–291).

reticulatus, Hymenaster Sibuet, 1976:307–309, figs. 1, 2.

Paratype: USNM E15779 (1 alcohol), west of France, 47°38′N 008°56′W; 3360 m; 1971.

reticulatus, Pteraster Fisher, 1906b: 1098–1099, pl. 38: figs. 5, 5a; pl. 39: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 21184 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3867.

Paratype: USNM 36403 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3472. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated remains only.

rhabdotus, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1906b: 1082–1083, pl. 30: fig. 2; pl. 31: fig. 8.

Holotype: 21178 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3982.

rhodopeplus, Hymenaster Fisher, 1916b:29. (Fisher, 1919a:463–465, pl. 129, pl. 130: fig. 1; pl. 133: fig. 6.)

Holotype: USNM 37017 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5606.

rhomaleum, subsp., Myxoderma platyacanthum Fisher, 1919b:393. (Fisher, 1928a:54–56, pl. 23: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 37041 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2890.

robusta, Henricia Fisher, 1906b:1090–1091, pl. 35: figs. 1, 2; pl. 38: figs. 2, 2a.

Holotype: USNM 21181 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4115.

robusta, Stolasterias Ludwig, 1905:228–230.

Holotype: USNM 34408 (1 ray, alcohol), Albatross 3404. Species described from only 2 disconnected arms.

= Distolasterias robusta (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1928a:102).

robustus, Archaster Verrill, 1884:383.

Holotype: USNM 6644 (1 dry), Albatross 2116. Specimen labeled type in Verrill's handwriting.

Paratypes: USNM 6279 (1 dry), Albatross 2096.

USNM 6687 (2 dry), Albatross 2103.

USNM 6734 (7 alcohol), Albatross 2111.

USNM 6738 (6 alcohol), Albatross 2102.

USNM 7855 (5 alcohol), Albatross 2208.

USNM 7857 (2 alcohol), Albatross 2210.

USNM 7858 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2217.

USNM 7911 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2209.

USNM 9080 (2 alcohol), Albatross 2084.

USNM 9199 (1 dry), Albatross 2035.

USNM 17978 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2076.

USNM 21649 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2077.

= Bathybiaster vexillifer (C.W. Thomson, 1873). See Mortensen (1927:61–63).

robustus, Odontaster Verrill, 1899:209–210, pl. 29: figs. 4, 4a.

Holotype: USNM 9758 (1 dry), Fish Hawk 994. Verrill incorrectly cited the Albatross as the collecting vessel.

Paratype: USNM 18423 (1 dry), Albatross 2586.

robustus, Pectinaster A.H. Clark, 1917c:155–157.

Holotype: USNM 36945 (1 dry), Albatross 2789.

= Cheiraster robustus (A.H. Clark, 1917). See A.M. Clark (1981:110).

robustus, Psilaster Fisher, 1913a:610–611. (Fisher, 1919a:103–106, pl. 16: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 20: fig. 1; pl. 21: fig. 3; pl. 30: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM 30518 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5632.

rotundigranulum, Litonotaster Halpern, 1969:139–142, figs. 6, 7.

Holotype: USNM E10862 (1 alcohol), Gerda 448.

= Litonotaster intermedius (Perrier, 1884). See Clark and Downey (1992:250–251).

rudis, Cladaster Verrill, 1899:176–177, pl. 28: figs. 2, 2a–c.

Holotype: USNM 18426 (1 dry), Albatross 2415. Verrill incorrectly cited station 1415 in his publication (p. 177).

rugispina, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:267.

Syntypes: USNM 1284 (10 dry), Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Orange Harbor, U.S. Exploring Expedition; Captain Wilkes.

= Anasterias antarctica (Lütken, 1857). See Fisher (1940:233–234).

rugulosus, Anthenoides Fisher, 1913a:648. (Fisher, 1919a: 338–342, pl. 85: fig. 4; pl. 88: fig. 4; pl. 90: fig. 1; pl. 94: figs. 5, 5a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30561 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5121.

rupicola, Asterias Verrill, 1876:71–72.

Syntypes: USNM 3145 (4 dry and ossicles in alcohol), Kerguelen Islands; on rocky beach; Transit of Venus Expedition; Dr. J.H. Kidder; 1874.

USNM E3769 (1 dry), Kerguelen Islands; on rocky beach; Transit of Venus Expedition; Dr. J.H. Kidder; 1874.

= Anasterias rupicola (Verrill, 1876). See Fisher (1940:234).

sacculatus, Zoroaster (Myxoderma) Fisher, 1905:316–317. (Fisher, 1928a:45–49, pl. 21: fig. 2; pl. 22: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 22346 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4517, California, Monterey Bay, Point Pinos Light House; 750–766 fm (1372–1401 m); 24 May 1904.

= Myxoderma sacculatum (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1919b:391–392).

sadhensis, Ferdina Marsh and Campbell, 1991:214–218, figs. 1–3.

Paratype: USNM E41400 (1 dry), Oman, Urchin Point, 16 km east of Marbat, Dhofar; 8–10 m; M. Morrison; 5 January 1990.

scalaris, Freyella A.H. Clark, 1916d:115–116.

Syntypes: USNM 36950 (3 alcohol), Albatross 2807.

USNM 39899 (1 dry), Albatross 2807.

= Freyellaster scalaris (A.H. Clark, 1916). See Fisher (1918:104).

schefferi, Aleutiaster A.H. Clark, 1939b:498–500, pl. 57: figs. 1–4.

Holotype: USNM E5600 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Attu Island; 2–7 fm (4–13 m); U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey; V.B. Scheffer; 10 June 1937.

Paratype: USNM E5601 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Amchitka Island; 1–5 fm (2–9 m); U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey; V.B. Scheffer; 19 July 1937.

sclerodermus, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1906b:1081–1082, pl. 30: figs. 4, 4a; pl. 31: figs. 2, 2a.

Holotype: USNM 21175 (1 dry), Albatross 4077.

Paratype: USNM E9692 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

= Tamaria scleroderma (Fisher, 1906). See Ziesenhenne (1942:210).

scotocryptus, Sphaeriodiscus Fisher, 1913a:641–642. (Fisher, 1919a:287–290, pl. 79: fig. 5; pl. 80: fig. 4; pl. 83: figs. 6, 7; pl. 92: figs. 10, 10a.)

Holotype: USNM 30553 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5425.

scotophilus, Solaster Fisher, 1913c:222. (Fisher, 1919a:447–449, pl. 124: fig. 1; pl. 133: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 32648 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5651.

= Crossaster scotophilus (Fisher, 1913). See Fisher (1919a:447–449).

segnis, subsp., Pisaster ochraceus Fisher, 1926a:560–561, pl. 20: fig. 3. (Fisher, 1930171–172, pl. 73: fig. 8; pl. 84: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM E1238 (1 dry), Mexico, Baja California, sixteen miles south of international boundary; low tide; collected by Ricketts and Martin; 13 May 1925.

semimarginalis, Albatrossia Ludwig, 1905:97–100, pl. 6: figs. 30, 31.

Syntypes: USNM 34339 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3371.

USNM 34340 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3362.

= Porcellanaster ceruleus C.W. Thomson, 1877. See Madsen (1961:123–142).

seminuda, Cyllaster A.H. Clark, 1916c:61–62.

Holotype: USNM 38316 (1 dry), Albatross 2993.

= Henricia seminuda (A.H. Clark, 1916). See Spencer and Wright (1966:U70).

sepitus, Archaster Verrill, 1885:151–152.

Lectotype: USNM 24526 (1 dry), Fish Hawk 994. Verrill referred to this specimen as “young.” The characters of the species are quite variable; Verrill failed to provide a thorough description; further, this species has a wide range of depths and localities. It was considered necessary to select a lectotype from Verrill's specimens. Lectotype designated by A.M. Clark (pers. comm., April 1993).

Paralectotypes: USNM 9369 (2 alcohol and 1 dry), Albatross 2072. The specimens in alcohol are reduced to fragments and ossicles. The dried specimen has been referred to Pectinaster filholi by Clark and Downey (1992:129–130).

= Cheiraster (Cheiraster) sepitus (Verrill, 1885). See A.M. Clark (1981:117–118).

sertulifera, Asterias Xantus, 1861:568.

Holotype: USNM 1252 (1 dry), Mexico, Cape San Lucas, on rocks at low water mark. One ray only.

= Astrometis sertulifera (Xantus, 1861). See Fisher (1923a:254).

setosus, Odontaster Verrill, 1899:207–209, pl. 29: figs. 1–1c, 2.

Syntypes: USNM 7661 (1 dry), Albatross 2177.

USNM 11202 (1 dry), Albatross 2555.

Remarks: Verrill examined specimens of O. setosus from many Albatross stations; however, specimens listed here were the only specimens in the USNM collections. Verrill provided measurements and probably described two specimens that are much larger than the two syntypes listed above.

= Odontaster robustus Verrill, 1899. See Clark and Downey (1992:157–158).

simplex, Pentagonaster Verrill, 1895:135.

Holotype: USNM 13363 (1 dry), Fish Hawk 1124.

= Ceramaster granularis granularis (Retzius, 1783). See Halpern (1970c:66–69).

sirius, Plutonaster A.H. Clark, 1917c:151–153.

Syntypes: USNM 36949 (2 alcohol), Albatross 2788. Although A.H. Clark provided measurements for the single specimen he described, he did not segregate the type from the other specimen. Both specimens are now fragmented and a bit disintegrated and the type cannot be distinguished from the other.

sladeni, Psilaster Ludwig, 1905:57–59.

Holotype: USNM 34410 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3407.

smithi, Ceramaster Fisher, 1913a:640–641. (Fisher, 1919a:257–260, pl. 57: fig. 1; pl. 58: fig. 2; pl. 91: figs. 7, 7a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 30551 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5201.

snyderi, Cheiraster Fisher, 1906b:1040–1042, pl. 10: fig. 3; pl. 18: figs. 1, 3.

Holotype: USNM 21155 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3997.

Paratypes: USNM 30848 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3995.

USNM 30849 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3998.

USNM 30850 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4007.

sohariae, Paraferdina Marsh and Price, 1991:66–69, figs. 4–7.

Paratype: USNM E40225 (1 alcohol), Sri Lanka, Deumba Gala, Galle, on rock; 12–15 m; Sinbad Voyage; 25 January 1981.

spatulifera, Freyella Fisher, 1916b:34–35. (Fisher, 1919a: 538–540, pl. 144: fig. 1; pl. 154: fig. 3; pl. 155: figs. 1, 1a–i.)

Holotype: USNM 36747 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5668.

= Freyellaster spatulifer (Fisher, 1916). See Fisher (1918:103–104).

spectabilis, Calliderma Fisher, 1906b:1058–1061, pl. 24: figs.

1, 2; pl. 25: figs. 1–3; pl. 26: fig. 3.

Holotype: USNM 21166 (1 dry), Albatross 3938.

Paratypes: USNM 31622 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4098.

USNM 31623 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 31913 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 31914 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 31915 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 31916 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 31917 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 31918 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4098.

USNM 32203 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

USNM 32204 (1 dry), Albatross 4102.

USNM 32266 (3 alcohol), Albatross 4077.

sphaerioplax, Patagiaster Fisher, 1913a:623. (Fisher, 1919a:154–157, pl. 28: fig. 3; pl. 29: fig. 3; pl. 41: figs. 4, 4a.)

Holotype: USNM 30531 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5178.

sphaeriostictus, Astroceramus Fisher, 1913a:644. (Fisher, 1919a:313–316, pl. 81: fig. 2; pl. 82: fig. 2; pl. 84: figs. 4, 7; pl. 94: figs. 1, la.)

Holotype: USNM 30556 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5135.

spiculatus, subsp., Koremaster evaulus Fisher, 1919a:161–163, pl. 33: fig. 1; pl. 34: fig. 1; pl. 40: figs. 3, 3a–f.

Holotype: USNM 37013 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5332.

Paratypes: USNM 40363 (2 alcohol), Albatross 5332.

USNM 40804 (2 alcohol), Albatross 5332.

spinosus, Benthopecten Verrill, 1884:218.

Holotype: USNM 9193 (1 dry), Albatross 2035. Verrill designated this specimen the type (handwritten label with specimen).

Paratypes: USNM 6292 (4 alcohol), Albatross 2096.

USNM 9056 (13 alcohol), Albatross 2041.

USNM 9147 (1 dry), Albatross 2035.

spinuliger, Pararchaster Ludwig, 1905:23–29, pl. 19: fig. 101.

Syntypes: USNM 34424 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3365.

USNM 34425 (5 alcohol), Albatross 3363.

USNM 34453 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3407. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments, disc intact but fragile.

USNM 34423 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3392.

= Benthopecten spinuliger (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:142–143).

spinulosa, Porania Verrill, 1879a:202–203.

Syntype: USNM 13758 (1 dry), Gloucester Fisheries, sta. 365, Schooner Howard.

= Poraniomorpha hispida (M. Sars, 1872). See Clark and Downey (1992:216–217).

spinulosus, Zoroaster Fisher, 1906b:1102–1104, pl. 24: fig. 3; pl. 41: fig. 2; pl. 42: figs. 5, 6.

Holotype: USNM 21187 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3892.

Paratype: USNM 31382 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4139.

USNM 32210 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4112.

squameus, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1906b:1079–1080, pl. 31: figs. 6, 6a,b; pl. 37: fig. 4.

Holotype: USNM 21174 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4100.

Paratype: USNM E9640 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4023.

stenostichus, Paragonaster Fisher, 1913a:627–628. (Fisher, 1919a:232–235, pl. 60: fig. 2; pl. 70: fig. 2; pl. 71: fig. 1; pl. 91: figs. 10, 10a.)

Holotype: USNM 30537 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5289.

stereosomus, Echinaster Fisher, 1913b:195–196. (Fisher, 1919a:430–432, pl. 122: figs. 2, 3; pl. 132: figs. 6, 6a–c.)

Holotype: USNM 37001 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5483.

stolacantha, Leptasterias Fisher, 1930:135–137, pl. 13; pl. 18: figs. 4, 5.

Holotype: USNM E1504 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3322.

Paratypes: USNM E10161 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3321.

USNM E42531 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3319.

USNM E42532 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3322.

USNM E42533 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4777.

USNM 6095 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Kiska Island, Kiska Harbor; sta. 188 (1014), 189 (1015), and 173; W.H. Dall.

USNM E42530 (1 alcohol), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Kiska Island, Kiska Harbor; sta. 188 (1014), 189 (1015), and 173; W.H. Dall. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles.

stria, Tamaria Downey, 1975:87–88, fig. 34.

Holotype: USNM E11838 (1 dry), Colombia, Malpelo Island, on rubble near base of vertical rock wall; sta. 4; 160 ft (48.8 m); C. Birkeland; 1–2 March 1972.

Paratypes: USNM E12431 (1 dry), Colombia, Malpelo Island, on rubble near base of vertical rock wall; sta. 4;160 ft (48.8 m); C. Birkeland; 1–2 March 1972.

USNM E11839 (3 dry), Colombia, Malpelo Island; sta. 4 and 5; 120–160 ft (36.6–48.8 m); C. Birkeland; 1–2 March 1972.

styracia, Dissogenes Fisher, 1913c:212–213. (Fisher, 1919a:368–370, pl. 102: fig. 1; pl. 103: fig. 1; pl. 131: figs. 1, 1a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 32635 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5617.

styracius, Benthopecten Fisher, 1913c:208–209. (Fisher, 1919a:213–215, pl. 53: fig. 2; pl. 55: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 32631 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5668.

subgracilis, var., Astropecten americanus Verrill, 1915:186–187.

Holotype: USNM 18464 (1 dry), Albatross 2143.

= Astropecten americanus (Verrill, 1880). See Clark and Downey (1992:29).

sulcatus, Astropecten Ludwig, 1905:64–68, pl. 4: figs. 15, 16.

Syntypes: USNM 34334 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3368.

USNM 34309 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3379.

suluensis, Lophaster Fisher, 1913c:219–220. (Fisher,

1919a:449–451, pl. 123: fig. 2; pl. 124: fig. 3; pl. 132: figs. 8, 8a.)

Holotype: USNM 32646 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5423.

suluensis, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:616–617. (Fisher, 1919a:125–127, pl. 22: fig. 2; pl. 23: fig. 1; pl. 38: figs. 1, 1a–e.)

Holotype: USNM 30525 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5424.

superba, Luidia A.H. Clark, 1917d: 171–173.

Holotype: USNM 36948 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2797.

swifti, Mimaster Fisher, 1905:301–302. (Fisher, 1911a:175–179, pl. 30: fig. 2; pl. 57: fig. 2a–c; pl. 59: fig. 5a.)

Holotype: USNM 22332 (1 dry), Albatross 4253, Alaska, Stephens Passage, Thistle Ledge; 131–188 fm (240–344 m); 14 July 1903.

= Gephyreaster swifti (Fisher, 1905). See Fisher (1911a: 175–179).

synaptoma, Craterobrisinga Fisher, 1917d:426–427. (Fisher, 1928a:8–11, pl. 1; pl. 6; pl. 7: fig. 3; pl. 12: fig. 3.)

Holotype: USNM E1413 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3342.

Paratypes: USNM E1168 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3342.

USNM E9296 (2 dry), Albatross 3342.

= Brisinga synaptoma (Fisher, 1917). See Downey (1986: 4–5).

synaptorus, Pergamaster Fisher, 1940:122–123, pl. 2: fig. 3; pl. 3: fig. 1.

Paratype: USNM E17219 (1 alcohol), Discovery 170.

syrtensis, Solaster Verrill, 1894:271–273.

Holotype: USNM 18143 (1 dry), Schooner Martha Cunningham, sta. 614, Massachusetts, off NE part of Georges Bank; 45 fm (82 m); Gloucester Fisheries; Captain C. Martin; 31 January 1880.

Paratypes: USNM 24582 (1 dry), Speedwell 85–86.

USNM 24788 (1 dry), Speedwell 264.

USNM E1594 (1 dry), Schooner William V. Hutchings, sta. 369; Gloucester Fisheries.

tanneri, Asterias Verrill, 1880b:401–402.

Syntype: USNM 9520 (1 alcohol), Fish Hawk 872.

= Sclerasterias tanneri (Verrill, 1880). See Fisher (1924a: 2–4).

temnochiton, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a:169. (Fisher, 1911a: 355–357, pl. 103: figs. 2, 3; pl. 115: fig. 3; pl. 116: figs. 3, 3a.)

Holotype: USNM 27793 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4784. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, few fragile fragments remain.

tenebrarius, Porcellanaster (Eremicaster) Fisher, 1905:293–294. (Fisher, 1911a:24–29, pl. 1: fig. 1; pl. 53: fig. 4a.)

Holotype: USNM 22326 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4397.

= Eremicaster tenebrarius (Fisher, 1905). See Ludwig (1907:317–318).

tenella, Brisinga Ludwig, 1905:255–258.

Holotype: USNM 34341 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3400.

= Brisingella tenella (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1917d:421, 423, 427).

tenellus, Astropecten Fisher, 1913a:606–607. (Fisher, 1919a:84–87, pl. 11: figs. 1, 2; pl. 15: figs. 1, 1a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 30513 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5453.

tenellus, Mediaster Fisher, 1905:307–308. (Fisher, 1911a: 202–204, pl. 36: figs. 1, 2; pl. 57: figs. 3, 3a–d; pl. 59: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 22337 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4427, California, Santa Cruz Island, Point San Pedro; 447–510 fm (818–933 m); 14 April 1904.

tenellus, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1906b:1082, pl. 31: figs. 5, 5a.

Holotype: USNM 21177 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4100.

tenera, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:269–270.

Syntypes: USNM 1256 (5 dry), Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay, 10 miles (16 km) south of Cape Ann; 20 fm (37 m); W. Stimpson.

USNM 1257 (1 dry), Massachusetts, Massachusetts Bay, 10 miles (16 km) south of Cape Ann; 20 fm (37 m); W. Stimpson.

= Leptasterias tenera (Stimpson, 1862). See Verrill (1873:504).

tenuis, Persephonaster Fisher, 1913a:615–616. (Fisher, 1919a:121–123, pl. 22: fig. 1; pl. 23: fig. 2; pl. 30: fig. 1; pl. 37: figs. 1, 1a-d.)

Holotype: USNM 30523 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5301.

tenuis, Tarachaster Fisher, 1913c:217. (Fisher, 1919a:402–405, pl. 41: figs. 7, 7a; pl. 120: fig. 4; pl. 121: fig. 3; pl. 126: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 32642 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5543.

trachydisca, Brisinga Fisher, 1916b:31–32. (Fisher, 1919a:510–512, pl. 145; pl. 149: fig. 5; pl. 152: fig. 1c; pl. 156: figs. 1, 1a.)

Holotype: USNM 37020 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5491.

transfuga, Mediaster Ludwig, 1905:120–125, pl. 8: figs. 44, 45; pl. 22: figs. 122–125; pl. 25: figs. 139–141.

Syntypes: USNM 34442 (6 alcohol), Albatross 3417. Specimens in poor condition, reduced to ossicles, disc, and few fragments.

trias, Hymenaster H.L. Clark, 1920:93–94, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM E937 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4672.

trigonodon, Pteraster Fisher, 1910a:168. (Fisher, 1911a:348–349, pl. 99: figs. 1, 2; pl. 115: fig. 2; pl. 116: figs. 2, 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 27790 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4427, California, Santa Cruz Island, Point San Pedro; 447–510 fm (818–933 m); 14 April 1904. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, few fragile fragments remain.

triplacanthus, Cheiraster Fisher, 1913c:206–207. (Fisher, 1919a:205–208, pl. 48: figs. 3, 4; pl. 55: figs. 1, 1a.)

Holotype: USNM 32628 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5651.

triremis, Asterias (Smilasterias) Sladen, 1889:579–581, pl. 101: figs. 5, 6; pl. 102: figs. 5, 6.

Syntype: USNM E3999 (1 dry), Challenger 150. Specimen donated to W.K. Fisher in 1923 by BM(NH).

= Smilasterias triremis (Sladen, 1889). See Fisher (1930:239).

triseriatus, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1906b:1080–1081, pl. 30: fig. 3; pl. 31: figs. 7, 7a.

Holotype: USNM 21176 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4128.

Paratype: USNM E9644 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4128.

tropicus, Solaster Fisher, 1913c:221. (Fisher, 1919a:444–447, pl. 125; pl. 126: fig. 2; pl. 133: figs. 2, 2a,b.)

Holotype: USNM 32647 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5654.

troscheli, Asterias Stimpson, 1862:267–268.

Holotype: USNM 1306 (1 ray dry and fragment in alcohol), Washington, Puget Sound; Northwest Boundary Commission; Dr. C.B. Kennerly.

Remarks: Small fragment in alcohol labeled “pedicellaria of type” by W.K. Fisher and returned by the California Academy of Sciences.

= Evasterias troscheli (Stimpson, 1862). See Verrill (1914a:151–155).

truculenta, subsp., Leptasterias coei Fisher, 1930:86–89, pl. 24: fig. 3; pl. 25; pl. 26; pl. 29: figs. 1, 2, 4.

Holotype: USNM E1492 (1 dry), Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Unalaska, Captains Bay, Ridge; sta. 1749; W.H. Dall; 1880.

Paratypes: USNM E3617 (5 dry), Albatross 4779.

USNM E25078 (9 alcohol), Albatross 4779.

USNM E25079 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4777.

trychnus, Ophidiaster Fisher, 1913c:2l5. (Fisher, 1919a:390–393, pl. 84: fig. 5; pl. 95: figs. 6, 6a,c,d; pl. 103: figs. 2, 3; pl. 107: fig. 6.)

Holotype: USNM 32639 (1 alcohol), Albatross shore station, Philippines, north coast of Samar, Port Palapag; April 1908.

tuberculosus, Asterodiscus Fisher, 1906b:1075–1076, pl. 26: figs. 2, 2a; pl. 28: fig. 3; pl. 32: figs. 4, 5; pl. 33: fig. 2; pl. 34: figs. 1, 2.

Holotype: USNM 21172 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3940.

Paratypes: USNM 31350 (2 alcohol), Albatross 4128.

= Asterodiscides tuberculosus (Fisher, 1906). See Rowe (1977a:207–208).

tumidus, Litonotaster H.L. Clark, 1920:83–85, pl. 3: figs. 3–6.

Holotype: USNM E14827 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4672.

Paratypes: USNM E705 (2 dry), Albatross 4672.

USNM E26851 (4 alcohol), Albatross 4672.

USNM E26852 (1 alcohol), Albatross 4656.

tumulosa, Nardoa Fisher, 1917b:90. (Fisher, 1919a:386–387, pl. 95: fig. 9; pl. 109: fig. 2; pl. 111: fig. 2.)

Holotype: USNM 37028 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5160.

tyloderma, Pentaceropsis Fisher, 1913c:209–210. (Fisher, 1919a:350–354, pl. 94: figs. 8, 8a,b; pl. 97: fig. 1; pl. 98: fig. 2; pl. 100: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 32632 (1 alcohol), Albatross shore station, Philippines, Mindanao, east of Zamboanga, Tictauan Island; 8 September 1909.

validus, Cladaster Fisher, 1910c:552–553. (Fisher, 1911a:222–223, pl. 41: figs. 1, 2.)

Holotype: USNM 27884 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3480.

validus, Sarkaster Ludwig, 1905:185–191, pl. 15: figs. 75, 76; pl. 29: figs. 171–173; pl. 30: figs. 174–176.

Syntypes: USNM 34413 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3403. Specimen in fair condition, some deterioration, very fragmented.

USNM 34414 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3425.

USNM 34415 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3385.

= Lophaster validus (Ludwig, 1905). See Fisher (1911a:334).

variabilis, Acantharchaster Fisher, 1910c:550. (Fisher, 1911a:137–138, pl. 24: fig. 2; pl. 27: fig. 4; pl. 55: fig. 2a.)

Holotype: USNM 27800 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3331.

= Nearchaster variabilis (Fisher, 1910). See Fisher (1911a:137–138).

variabilis, Nepanthia H.L. Clark, 1938:176–179, pl. 10: figs. 4, 5; pl. 20: figs. 4, 5.

Paratype: USNM E6626 (1 dry), Western Australia, Broome; H.L. Clark; 26 August 1929.

variispina, Brisinga Ludwig, 1905:249–255.

Syntype: USNM 34335 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3689, Tuamotu Archipelago, NW Pt. Marokau; 807 fm (1476 m); 28 October 1899.

verrilli, Hydrasterias Fisher, 1906b:1106–1107, pl. 41: figs. 3, 3a,b.

Holotype: USNM 21189 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3867. Specimen in fair condition, fragments and some ossicles.

= Tarsastrocles verrilli (Fisher, 1906). See Fisher (1923b:597, 605).

verrilli, Lophaster A.H. Clark, 1938:6–7.

Holotype: USNM 10512 (1 alcohol), Albatross 2415.

verrilli, Pseudarchaster Ludwig, 1905:116–120, pl. 7: figs. 38, 39; pl. 23: figs. 129–131.

Holotype: USNM 34416 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3356. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles only.

vexator, subsp., Lophaster furcilliger Fisher, 1910d:574. (Fisher, 1911a:338–340, pl. 80: figs. 1, 2; pl. 114: figs. 2, 2a).

Holotype: USNM 27789 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3350.

vicinus, Porcellanaster Ludwig, 1907:318.

Syntypes: USNM E941 (2 dry and 25 alcohol), Albatross 4670.

USNM E704 (1 dry), Albatross 4670.

= Eremicaster vicinus (Ludwig, 1907). See Fisher (1907:12–14).

violaceus, Hymenaster Ludwig, 1905:196–198.

Holotype: USNM 34347 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3415.

virgo, Evoplosoma Downey, 1982:772–773, fig. 1.

Holotype: USNM E24285 (1 dry), Alaminos 71-A-8, sta. 8.

waltharii, Porcellanaster Ludwig, 1905:92–97, pl. 5: figs. 26, 27.

Syntypes: USNM 34390 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3415. Ludwig incorrectly cited sta. 2415 in his report (p. 92). Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, few fragments.

USNM 34391 (5 alcohol), Albatross 3361. Specimens in

poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 34392 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3360. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 34393 (3 alcohol), Albatross 3381.

USNM 34394 (2 alcohol), Albatross 3374. Specimens in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 34395 (fragments, alcohol), Albatross 3399. Ludwig reported 7 specimens; however, the specimens are so deteriorated, it's impossible to determine the count.

USNM 34396 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3400. Specimen in poor condition, deteriorated, reduced to ossicles, few fragments.

USNM 34397 (1 alcohol), Albatross 3414.

= Eremicaster gracilis (Sladen, 1883). See Madsen (1961:155–161).

xandaros, Midgardia Downey, 1972:422–425, fig. 1A,B.

Holotype: USNM E11420 (1 dry), Alaminos 69-A-11, sta. 58.

Paratype: USNM E11421 (1 dry), Alaminos 69-A-11, sta. 58.

yucatanensis, Apollonaster Halpern, 1970b:9–12, figs. 4, 5.

Holotype: USNM E11285 (1 dry), Gerda 899.

zenognathus, Hymenasterides Fisher, 1911d:425–427. (Fisher, 1919a:468–470, pl. 127: figs. 4, 5; pl. 128: fig. 2; pl. 134: fig. 1.)

Holotype: USNM 28660 (1 alcohol), Albatross 5623.

Appendix

List of Stations

(n.r. = not recorded in depth; – = no seconds reading for latitudes or longitudes provided in station log.)

Literature Cited

Alton, M.S.

1966.   A New Sea-star from the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, Asthenactis fisheri n. sp., with a Review of the Family Myxasteridae. Deep-Sea Research, 13:687–697, 5 figures.

Brandt, J.F.

1851.   Bemerkungen über die Asteriden und Echiniden des Okhotskischen, Kamtschatkischen und Behringschen Meeres. In A.T. von Middendorff, Reise in den Äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens, 2(1):27–34.

Campbell, D.B., and R.L. Turner

1984.   Echinaster graminicola, a New Species of Spinulosid Sea Star (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the West Coast of Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 97(1):167–178, 4 figures.

Chaffee, C., and B. Weitbrecht

1984.   Catalog of the Asteroid Type-Specimens and Fisher Voucher Specimens at the California Academy of Sciences. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 142: 22 pages.

Clark, A.H.

1916a. Seven New Genera of Echinoderms. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6(5):115–122.

1916b. A New Starfish (Lydiaster americanus) from the Gulf of Mexico, Representing a Section of the Subfamily Goniasterinae Hitherto Known Only from the Indo-Pacific Region. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 6(6):141–144.

1916c. Six New Starfishes from the Gulf of California and Adjacent Waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29:51–62.

1916d. One New Starfish and Five New Brittle Stars from the Galapagos Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 18:115–122.

1917a. A New Starfish from the Magellanic Region. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30:7–8.

1917b. Four New Echinoderms from the West Indies. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30:63–70.

1917c. Three New Starfish and One New Brittle-Star from Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30:151–158.

1917d. Two New Astroradiate Echinoderms from the Pacific Coast of Colombia, and Ecuador. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30:171–174.

1934.   A New Starfish from Puerto Rico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, new series, 91(14):1–3, 1 plate.

1938.   A New Genus of Starfishes from Puerto Rico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, new series, 91(29):1–7, 1 plate.

1939a. Echinoderms of the Smithsonian-Hartford Expedition, 1937, with Other West Indian Records. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 86:441–456, 2 plates.

1939b. A New Genus of Starfishes from the Aleutian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 86:497–500, 1 plate.

1940.   Echinoderms from Greenland Collected by Capt. Robert A. Bartlett. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 89:425–433, 2 plates.

1945.   A New Starfish of the Genus Luidia from the Coast of Georgia. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 35(1):19–21.

1946.   Echinoderms from the Pearl Islands, Bay of Panama, with Revision of the Pacific Species of the Genus Encope. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 106(5):1–11, 4 plates.

1948a. Some Interesting Starfishes and Brittle-stars Dredged by the Atlantis in the Mid-Atlantic. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 38(2):75–78.

1948b. Two New Starfishes and a New Brittle-star from Florida and Alabama. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 61:55–64, 1 plate.

1949.   Echinoderms from the Mid-Atlantic Dredged by the Atlantis in the Summer of 1948. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 39(11):371–377.

1954.   Records of Indo-Pacific Echinoderms. Pacific Science, 8:243–263.

Clark, A.M.

1974.   Notes on Some Echinoderms from Southern Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 26(6):421–487, 3 plates, 16 text-figures.

1981.   Notes on Atlantic and Other Asteroidea, 1: Family Benthopectinidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 41(3):91–135, 5 text-figures.

1983.   Notes on Atlantic and Other Asteroidea, 3: The Families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with Description of a New Asterinid Genus. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 45(7):359–380, 9 figures.

1984.   Notes on Atlantic and Other Asteroidea, 4: Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 47(1):19–51, 18 figures.

1987.   Notes on Atlantic and Other Asteroidea, 5: Echinasteridae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 53(2):65–78, 3 figures.

Clark, A.M., and A.H. Clark

1954.   A Revision of the Sea-stars of the Genus Tethyaster. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 122(11):1–27, 12 plates.

Clark, A.M., and M.E. Downey

1992.   Starfishes of the Atlantic. 794 pages, 75 figures, 113 plates. London, U.K.: Chapman and Hall.

Clark, A.M., and E. Tortonese

1986.   Echinaster sepositus madseni N. Subsp., from West Africa (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Atti della Societa Italiano di Scienze Naturale, Milano, 127(1–2):65–71, 2 figures.

Clark, H.L.

1913.   Echinoderms from Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 32(8):185–236, 3 plates.

1920.   Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Eastern Tropical Pacific, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross,” from October, 1904, to March, 1905, Lieut. Commander L.M. Garrett, U.S.N., Commanding, XXXII: Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 39(3):75–113, 6 plates.

1926.   Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, 2: Sea-stars. Reports of the Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey of the Union of South Africa, 4(1925):1–33, 7 plates.

1938.   Echinoderms from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 55: 596 pages, 28 plates, 64 text-figures.

Dartnall, A.J., D.L. Pawson, E.C. Pope, and B.J. Smith

1969.   Replacement Name for the Preoccupied Genus Odinia Perrier, 1885 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 93(2):211.

Desor, E.

1848.   Zoological Investigations among the Shoals of Nantucket. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3(11, 17):65–68.

Djakonov, A.M.

1931.   Neue Asteriden (Echinodermata) aus der Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique, Académie des Sciences de l'Union des Républiques Soviétiques Socialistes (1932), 32:67–85, 7 text-figures.

1950.   [Starfish of the Soviet Union.] Keys to the Fauna of the USSR, of the Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 34:1–203, 23 plates. [In Russian; translation, 1968, as Sea Stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Israel Program for scientific translations, Ltd. Jerusalem, 183 pages.]

Döderlein, L.

1917.   Die Asteriden der Siboga Expedition, I: Die Gattung Astropecten und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Siboga Expedition, 46a:1–190, 20 figures, 17 plates.

1921.   Die Asteriden der Siboga Expedition, I: Porcellanasteridae, Astropectinidae, Benthopectinidae. Siboga Expedition, 46:1–47, 7 figures, 13 plates.

1936.   Die Asteriden der Siboga Expedition, III: Die Unterfamilie Oreasterìnae. Siboga Expedition, 46c:295–369, plates 21–23.

Downey, M.E.

1968.   A Note on the Atlantic Species of the Starfish Genus Linckia. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 81:41–43.

1970a. Drachmaster bullisi, New Genus and Species of Ophidiasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with a Key to the Caribbean Species of the Family. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83:77–82, 6 figures.

1970b. Zorocallida, New Order, and Doraster constellatus, New Genus and Species, with Notes on the Zoroasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 64: 18 pages, 11 figures.

1970c. Marsipaster acicula, New Species (Asteroidea: Echinodermata) from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83(28):309–312, 1 figure.

1971a. A New Species of the Genus Solaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from Martinique. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(4):39–42, 1 figure.

1971b. Two New Species of the Genus Tamaria (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Tropical Western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(5):43–50, 3 figures.

1971c. Ampheraster alaminos, a New Species of the Family Asteriidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(6):51–54, 1 figure.

1972.   Midgardia xandaros New Genus, New Species, a Large Brisingid Starfish from the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(48):421–426, 1 figure.

1973.   Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126:1–158, 2 figures, 48 plates.

1975.   Asteroidea from Malpelo Island with a Description of a New Species of the Genus Tamaria. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 176:86–90, figure 34.

1979a. Pythonaster pacificus n. sp., a New Starfish of the Family Myxasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92(1):70–74, 3 figures.

1979b. Hymenaster kieri, a New Species of Starfish of the Family Pterasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92(4):801–803, 1 figure.

1980.   Floriaster maya, New Genus and Species of the Family Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 93(2):346–349, 2 figures.

1982.   Evoplosoma virgo, a New Goniasterid Starfish Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95(4):772–773, 1 figure.

1986.   Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with Description of a New Genus and Family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 435:1–57, 24 figures.

Düben, M.W., and J. Koren

1846.   Ofversigt af Skandinaviens Echinodermer. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 1844[1846]:229–328, 6 plates.

Fisher, W.K.

1905.   New Starfishes from Deep Water off California and Alaska. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries for 1904, 29:291–320.

1906a. New Starfishes from the Pacific Coast of North America. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 8:111–139.

1906b. The Starfishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the Fish Commission for 1903, 3:987–1130, plates 1–49.

1907.   Note on Eremicaster, a Genus of Starfishes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32(1):12–14.

1910a. New Pterasteridae from the North Pacific. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 5:167–170.

1910b. New Genera of Starfishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 5:171–173.

1910c. New Starfishes from the North Pacific, I: Phanerozonia. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 35(18):545–553.

1910d. New Starfishes from the North Pacific, II: Spinulosa. Zoologischen Anzeiger, 35(18):568–574.

1911a. Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters, Part 1: Phanerozonia and Spinulosa. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76(1):1–419, 122 plates.

1911b. Hyalinothrix, a New Genus of Starfishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 39:659–664, plates 69–71.

1911c. Two New Genera of Starfishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 7:89–91.

1911d. New Genera of Starfishes from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 40:415–427.

1913a. Four New Genera and Fifty-Eight New Species of Starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 43:599–648.

1913b. A New Species of Echinaster with a Note on the Name Othilia. Zoologischen Anzeiger 42(5):193–196.

1913c. New Starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 46:201–224.

1916a. Notes on the Systematic Postition of Certain Genera and Higher Groups of Starfishes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29:1–6.

1916b. New East Indian Starfishes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29:27–36.

1917a. The Asteroid Genus Coronaster. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30:23–26.

1917b. New Starfishes from the Philippines and Celebes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 30:89–94.

1917c. Trophodiscus, a New Sea Star from Kamchatka. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 52:367–371, plates 28–30.

1917d. New Genera and Species of Brisingidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 20:418–431, 7 text figures.

1917e. A New Genus and Subgenus of East Indian Sea Stars. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 20:172–173.

1918.   Notes on Asteroidea, II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 2:103–111.

1919a. Starfishes of the Philippine Seas and Adjacent Waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100(3): 712 pages, 156 plates.

1919b. North Pacific Zoroasteridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 3:387–393.

1922a. Notes on Asteroidea, III. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 10:590–598, 2 text figures.

1922b. A New Sea-star from Hong Kong. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 10:415–418, plate 10.

1923a. A Preliminary Synopsis of the Asteriidae, a Family of Seastars. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 12:247–258.

1923b. A Preliminary Synopsis of the Asteriidae, a Family of Seastars. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 12:595–607.

1924a. The Genus Sclerasterias Perrier. Bulletin de L'Institut Oceanographique (de Monaco), 444:1–8, 4 text figures.

1924b. A Remarkable New Sea Star from Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 64:1–6, plates 1–2, 6 text figures.

1925.   Sea Stars of the Tropical Central Pacific. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 27:63–87, plates 5–8.

1926a. Pisaster, a Genus of Sea-Stars. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 17:554–566, plates 19–23.

1926b. A New Sea Star of the Genus Evasterias. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 69:1–5, plates 1, 2.

1928a. Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters, Part 2: Forcipulata (Part). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76: 245 pages, 81 plates.

1928b. Sea Stars from the Arcturus Oceanographic Expedition. Zoologica, 8(9):487–493.

1930.   Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters, Part 3: Forcipulata (Concluded). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 76: 356 pages, 93 plates.

1939.   A New Sea Star of the Genus Poraniopsis from Japan. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 86:469–472, plates 55, 56.

1940.   Asteroidea. Discovery Reports, 20:69–306, 23 plates.

Gray, J.E.

1840.   A Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6:175–184, 275–290.

Grieg, J.A.

1907.   Echinodermen von dem Norwegischen Fischereidampfer Michael Sars in den Jahren 1900–1903 Gesammelt, 3: Asteroidea, 1. Bergens Museum Aarbog., 1906(13): 1–87, 2 plates.

1921.   Echinodermata. Report of the Scientific Results of the “Michael Sars” North Atlantic Deep Sea Expedition, 1910, 3(2): 1–47, 5 plates, 10 figures.

Halpern, J.A.

1968.   Biological Investigations of the Deep Sea, 38: A New Western Atlantic Dipsacaster (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) with the Distribution of Known Species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 81:231–240, 3 figures.

1969.   Biological Investigations of the Deep Sea, 46: The Genus Litonotaster (Echinodermata, Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 82:129–142, 8 figures.

1970a. Biological Investigations of the Deep Sea, 51: Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) of the Straits of Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20(1):193–286, 30 figures.

1970b. Biological Investigations of the Deep Sea, 53: New Species and Genera of Goniasterid Sea Stars. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83(1):1–12, 5 figures.

1970c. A Monographic Revision of the Goniasterid Sea Stars of the North Atlantic. 253 pages, 8 figures. Masters thesis. University of Miami. [Abstract in Dissertation Abstracts International, 31B: 5713 (1971).]

1972.   Pseudarchasterinae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) of the Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85(30):359–384, 6 plates.

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)

1985.   International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Edition 3, adopted by the 20th General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. 338 pages. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Koehler, R.

  1912.   Echinodermes (Astéries, Ophiures, Echinides). In Deuxieme Expédition Antarctique Française (1908–1910). Sciences Naturelles, 270 pages, 16 plates.

1914.   Anasterias octoradiata, Nouvelle Astérie de la Georgie du Sud. Science Bulletin of Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 2(4):64–68, 1 plate.

Lamarck, J.B.

1816.   Histoire Naturelles des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Volume 2, pages 522–568; volume 3, pages 1–59, 71–74.

Loriol, P. de

1904.   Notes pour servir a l; etude des Echinodermes. Series 2, part 2, pages 32–34, plate 3: figure 1.

Ludwig, H.

1905.   Asteroidea. In Reports on an Exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.N., Commanding and Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz, on the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross,” from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U.S.N., Commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 32:1–292, 35 plates, 1 chart.

1907.   Diagnosen Neuer Tiefsee Seesterne aus der Familie der Porcellanasteriden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 31:312–319.

1910.   Notomyota, eine Neue Ordnung der Seesterne. Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 23:435–466.

Lütken, C.

1857.   De ved Danmarks Kyster Levende Pighude. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjöbenhavn, 1856:88–110.

1871.   Forsatte Kritiske og Beskrivende Bidrag til Kundskab om Sstjernerne (Asteriderne). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjöbenhavn, pages 227–304.

Macan, T.T.

1938.   Asteroidea. Scientific Reports. The John Murray Expedition 1933–34, 4(9):323–435, 12 figures, 6 plates.

Madsen, F.J.

1950.   The Echinoderms Collected by the Atlantide Expedition 1945–46, 1: Asteroidea. Atlantide Reports, 1:167–222, 3 plates, 11 figures.

1956.   Echinoidea, Asteroidea, and Ophiuroidea from Depths Exceeding 6000 Meters. Galathea Report, Scientific Results of the Danish Deep-sea Expedition Round the World 1950–52, 2:23–32, 1 plate.

1961.   The Porcellanasteridae: A Monographic Revision of an Abyssal Group of Sea-stars. Galathea Report, 4:33–174, 13 plates, 43 figures.

Marsh, L.M.

1974.   Shallow-water Asterozoans of Southeastern Polynesia. Micronesica, 10(1):65–104, 8 figures.

1977.   Coral Reef Asteroids of Palau, Caroline Islands. Micronesica. 13(2):251–281, 11 figures.

Marsh, L.M., and A.C. Campbell

1991.   A New Species of Ferdina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Sultanate of Oman with Discussion of the Relationships of the Genus within the Family Ophidiasteridae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 57(2):213–219, 3 figures.

Marsh, L.M., and A.R.G. Price

1991.   Indian Ocean Echinoderms Collected during the Sinbad Voyage (1980–81), 2: Asteroidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology), 57(1):61–70, 7 figures.

Moore, D.R.

1960.   Linckia bullisi, a New Asteroid from the Northeast Coast of South America. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean, 10(4):414–416, 1 figure.

Mortensen, T.

1927.   Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. ix + 471 pages, 269 figures. London: Oxford University Press.

Moyano, H.I., and A.P. Larrain

1976.   Doraster qawashqari, sp. nov. Nuevo Asteroideo de Chile Austral (Echinodermata, Zorocallida, Zoroasteridae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 50:103–111, 2 plates, 10 figures.

Müller, J., and F.H. Troschel

1842.   System der Asteriden, I: Asteriae; 2: Ophiuridae. xx + 134 pages, 12 plates. Braunschweig.

Murdoch, J.

1885.   Marine Invertebrates. In Report of the International Polar Expedition to Point Barrow, Alaska, 4(5):136–176, 2 plates. Washington, D.C.

Perrier, E.

1875.   Revision de la Collection de Stellérides du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 384 pages. Paris. [Also published in: Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Génerale, 4 (1875):265–450; 5(1876): 1–104, 209–309.]

1881.   Description Sommaire des Espèces Nouvelles d'Astéries. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 9:1–31.

1884.   Mémoire sur les Étoiles de Mer Recuillies dans la Mer des Antilles et le Golfe de Mexique. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 2(6):127–276, 10 plates.

1891a. Sur les stellérides recueillis dans la Golfe de Gascogne, aux Açores et à Terre-Neuve pendant les campagnes scientifique du yacht l'Hirondelle. Compte Rendu Hebdomdaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris). 112(210):1225–1228.

1891b. Echinodermes, 1: Stellérides. In Mission Scientifique de Cap Horn, 1882–1883, volume 6 (Zoology), part 3: 198 pages, 13 plates. Paris.

Rathbun, R.

1879.   A List of the Brazilian Echinoderms with Notes on Their Distribution, etc. Transactions of the Academy of Arts and Sciences, 5:139–158.

Retzius, A.J.

1783.   Anmaerkningar vid Asteriae Genus. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens, Handlingar, 4:234–244.

Rowe, F.W.E.

1976.   The Occurence of the Genus Heteronardoa (Asteroidea: Ophidiasteridae) in the Indian Ocean, with the Description of a New Species. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 4(1):85–100, 15 figures.

1977a. A New Family of Asteroidea (Echinodermata), with the Description of Five New Species and One New Subspecies of Asterodiscides. Records of the Australian Museum, 31(5):187–233, 5 plates.

1977b. The Status of Nardoa (Andora) A.M. Clark, 1967 (Asteroidea: Ophidiasteridae). with the Description of Two New Subgenera and Three New Species. Records of the Australian Museum, 31(6):235–245, 2 figures.

Rowe, F.W.E., and E.L. Albertson

1988.   A New Genus and Four New Species in the Family Echinasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Proceedings of the Linnaean Society, N.S.W., 110(1):83–100, 10 figures.

Sars, M.

1872.   Tillaeg. In G.O. Sars, Nye Echinodermer fra den Norske Kyst. Kongelige Videnskabers Selskab, Foerhandlinger, 1871:27–31.

Say, T.

1825.   On the Species of the Linnaean Genus Asterias, Inhabiting the Coast of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 5(1):141–154.

Sibuet, M.

1976.   Le Genre Hymenaster (Astérides) dans I'Océan Atlantique. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, series 3, 256(Zoologie):305–324, 7 figures.

Sladen, W.P.

1883.   The Asteroidea of H.M.S. Challenger Expedition, Part II. Journal of the Linnaean Society of London, Zoology, 17:214–269.

1889.   The Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology, 30:1–935, 118 plates.

Spencer, W.K., and C.W. Wright

1966.   Asterozoans: Echinodermata. In R.C. Moore, editor, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. 3(1):U4–U107, 89 figures. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.

Stimpson, W.

1853.   Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 67 pages.

1857.   On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shore of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History, 6:444–532.

1862.   On New Genera and Species of Starfishes of the Family Pycnopodidae (Asteracanthion Müller and Troschel). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 8:261–273.

Studer, T.

1885.   Die Seesterne Süd-Georgiens nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Polarstation, 1882 und 1883. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 2:141–166, 2 plates.

Thomson, Sir C. Wyville

1873.   The Depths of the Sea. xx + 527 pages. London.

1877.   The Voyage of the Challenger: The Atlantic. Volume 1, 1–424; volume 2, 1–396, London.

United States Bureau of Fisheries (USBF)

1901.   Dredging and Other Records of the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross with Bibliography Relative to the Work of the Vessel. In U.S. Fish Commission Report for 1900, pages 387–562.

1903.   Records of the Dredging and Other Collecting Stations of the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross in 1901 and 1902. In U.S. Fish Commission Report for 1902, pages 397–432.

1904.   Records of the Dredging and Other Collecting and Hydrographic Stations of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross in 1903. In U.S. Fish Commission Report for 1903, pages 123–138.

1906.   Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross for 1904–1905. Bureau of Fisheries Document, 604:80 pages.

1907.   Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross for 1906. Bureau of Fisheries Document, 621:50 pages.

1910.   Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross during the Philippine Expedition, 1907–1910. Bureau of Fisheries Document, 741: 97 pages.

1921.   Dredging and Hydrographic Records of the U.S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross for 1911–1920. Bureau of Fisheries Document, 897: 190 pages.

Verrill, A.E.

1871.   Marine Fauna of Eastport, Maine. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., 3:2–6.

1873.   Report upon the Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound, A: Habits and Distribution of the Invertebrate Animals. Report to the United States Fish Commission, 1871: 295–778, 38 plates.

1876.   Annelids and Echinoderms, and Anthozoa in Contributions to the Natural History of Kerguelen Island by J.H. Kidder, M.D., Passed Assistant Surgeon, U.S. Navy, II. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 3:64–77.

1878.   Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North America, 2. American Journal of Science, 16:371–378.

1879a. Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Invertebrata, of the Northeastern Coast of America, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species and Critical Remarks on Others. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2:165–206.

1879b. Preliminary Checklist of the Marine Invertebrata of the Atlantic Coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 32 pages. New Haven: A.E. Verrill.

1880a. Notice of Recent Additions to the Marine Fauna of the Eastern Coast of North America. American Journal of Science, series 3, 19:137–140.

1880b. Notice of the Remarkable Marine Fauna Occupying the Outer Banks off the Southern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science, series 3, 20:390–403.

1882.   Notice of the Remarkable Marine Fauna Occupying the Outer Banks off the Southern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science, series 3, 23:135–142, 216–225.

1884.   Notice of the Remarkable Marine Fauna Occupying the Outer Banks off the Southern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science, series 3, 28:213–220, 378–384.

1885.   Notice of the Remarkable Marine Fauna Occupying the Outer Banks off the Southern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science, series 3, 29:149–157.

1894.   Descriptions of New Species of Starfishes and Ophiurans, with a Revision of Certain Species Formerly Described. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 17:245–297.

1895.   Distribution of the Echinoderms of Northeastern America. American Journal of Science, series 3, 49:127–141, 199–212.

1899.   Revision of Certain Genera and Species of Starfishes with Description of New Forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, 10:145–234, plates 24–30.

1909a. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Starfishes from the North Pacific Coast of America. American Journal of Science, series 4, 28:59–70.

1909b. Remarkable Development of Starfishes on the Northwest American Coast, etc. American Naturalist, 43:542–555.

1914a. Monograph of the Shallow-water Starfishes of the North Pacific Coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Smithsonian Institution, Harriman Alaska Series, 14: 408 pages, 110 plates.

1914b. Revision of Some Genera and Species of Starfishes, with Descriptions of a Few New Genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 14(8): 13–22.

1915.   Report on the Starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, Including Those Obtained by the Bahama Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletins from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 7(1): 1–232, 29 plates.

Xantus, J.

1861.   Descriptions of Three New Species of Starfishes from Cape St. Lucas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 12:568.

Ziesenhenne, F.C.

1942.   New Eastern Pacific Sea Stars. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 8(4):197–223, 4 plates.

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1995 387–410/00022

REQUIREMENTS FOR SMITHSONIAN SERIES PUBLICATION

Manuscripts intended for series publication receive substantive review (conducted by their originating Smithsonian museums or offices) and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press with Form SI-36, which must show the approval of the appropriate authority designated by the sponsoring organizational unit. Requests for special treatment—use of color, foldouts, case-bound covers, etc.—require, on the same form, the added approval of the sponsoring authority.

Review of manuscripts and art by the Press for requirements of series format and style, completeness and clarity of copy, and arrangement of all material, as outlined below, will govern, within the judgment of the Press, acceptance or rejection of manuscripts and art.

Copy must be prepared on typewriter or word processor, double-spaced, on one side of standard white bond paper (not erasable), with 1art″ margins, submitted as ribbon copy (not carbon or xerox), in loose sheets (not stapled or bound), and accompanied by original art. Minimum acceptable length is 30 pages.

Front matter (preceding the text) should include: title page with only title and author and no other information, abstract page with author, title, series, etc., following the established format; table of contents with indents reflecting the hierarchy of heads in the paper; also, foreword and/or preface, if appropriate.

First page of text should carry the title and author at the top of the page; second page should have only the author's name and professional mailing address, to be used as an unnumbered footnote on the first page of printed text.

Center heads of whatever level should be typed with initial caps of major words, with extra space above and below the head, but no other preparation (such as all caps or underline, except for the underline necessary for generic and specific epithets). Run-in paragraph heads should use period/dashes or colons as necessary.

Tabulations within text (lists of data, often in parallel columns) can be typed on the text page where they occur, but they should not contain rules or numbered table captions.

Formal tables (numbered, with captions, boxheads, stubs, rules) should be submitted as carefully typed, double-spaced copy separate from the text; they will be typeset unless otherwise requested. If camera-copy use is anticipated, do not draw rules on manuscript copy.

Taxonomic keys in natural history papers should use the aligned-couplet form for zoology and may use the multi-level indent form for botany. If cross referencing is required between key and text, do not include page references within the key, but number the keyed-out taxa, using the same numbers with their corresponding heads in the text.

Synonymy in zoology must use the short form (taxon, author, year:page), with full reference at the end of the paper under “Literature Cited.” For botany, the long form (taxon, author, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, page, year, with no reference in “Literature Cited”) is optional.

Text-reference system (author, year:page used within the text, with full citation in “Literature Cited” at the end of the text) must be used in place of bibliographic footnotes in all Contributions Series and is strongly recommended in the Studies Series: “(Jones. 1910:122)” or “…Jones (1910:122).” If bibliographic footnotes are required, use the short form (author, brief title, page) with the full citation in the bibliography.

Footnotes, when few in number, whether annotative or bibliographic, should be typed on separate sheets and inserted immediately after the text pages on which the references occur. Extensive notes must be gathered together and placed at the end of the text in a notes section.

Bibliography, depending upon use, is termed “Literature Cited,” “References,” or “Bibliography.” Spell out titles of books, articles, journals, and monographic series. For book and article titles use sentence-style capitalization according to the rules of the language employed (exception: capitalize all major words in English). For journal and series titles, capitalize the initial word and all subsequent words except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions. Transliterate languages that use a non-Roman alphabet according to the Library of Congress system. Underline (for italics) titles of journals and series and titles of books that are not part of a series. Use the parentheses/colon system for volume (number): pagination: “10(2):5–9.” For alignment and arrangement of elements, follow the format of recent publications in the series for which the manuscript is intended. Guidelines for preparing bibliography may be secured from Series Section, SI Press.

Legends for illustrations must be submitted at the end of the manuscript, with as many legends typed, double-spaced, to a page as convenient.

Illustrations must be submitted as original art (not copies) accompanying, but separate from, the manuscript. Guidelines for preparing art may be secured from Series Section, SI Press. All types of illustrations (photographs, line drawings, maps, etc.) may be intermixed throughout the printed text. They should be termed Figures and should be numbered consecutively as they will appear in the monograph. If several illustrations are treated as components of a single composite figure, they should be designated by lowercase italic letters on the illustration; also, in the legend and in text references the italic letters (underlined in copy) should be used: “Figure 9b.” Illustrations that are intended to follow the printed text may be termed Plates, and any components should be similarly lettered and referenced: “Plate 9b.” Keys to any symbols within an illustration should appear on the art rather than in the legend.

Some points of style: Do not use periods after such abbreviations as “mm, ft, USNM, NNE.” Spell out numbers “one” through “nine” in expository text, but use digits in all other cases if possible. Use of the metric system of measurement is preferable; where use of the English system is unavoidable, supply metric equivalents in parentheses. Use the decimal system for precise measurements and relationships, common fractions for approximations. Use day/month/year sequence for dates: “9 April 1976.” For months in tabular listings or data sections, use three-letter abbreviations with no periods: “Jan, Mar, Jun,” etc. Omit space between initials of a personal name: “J.B. Jones.”

Arrange and paginate sequentially every sheet of manuscript in the following order: (1) title page. (2) abstract, (3) contents, (4) foreword and/or preface, (5) text, (6) appendixes, (7) notes section, (8) glossary, (9) bibliography, (10) legends, (11) tables. Index copy may be submitted at page proof stage, but plans for an index should be indicated when manuscript is submitted.