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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 314

Classification of the Superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia)

John B. Heppner and W. Donald Duckworth

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1981

ABSTRACT

Heppner, John B., and W. Donald Duckworth. Classification of the Superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 314, 144 pages, 107 figures, 1 table, 1981.—The classification, morphology, and phylogeny are reviewed for the three families of the superfamily Sesioidea: Brachodidae, Sesiidae, and Choreutidae, of which Brachodidae is newly added to Sesioidea. World genera and species are listed for each family, including new combinations and new synonymies. New replacement names are provided for 7 junior homonyms in Sesiidae (Synanthedon). One new subfamily (Brenthiinae) is described in Choreutidae and one new subfamily (Phycodinae) is described in Brachodidae. Keys are provided for families and subfamilies. Representative species and character features are illustrated for each family for adults, larvae, and pupae. Sesiidae (except Tinthiinae) are shown to possess chaetosemata. Biological information and zoogeography are reviewed for each family to the extent known. Thirteen genera and seven species are newly excluded from Sesioidea families and transferred to other families. Brachodidae are shown to be the most closely related family to Sesiidae. Prochoreutis Heppner, new name, is proposed for use in the Choreutidae section, replacing Choreutis of authors (not Choreutis Hübner, which replaces Eutromula Frölich).

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Heppner, John B

Classification of the superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 314)

Bibliography: p.

Includes index.

1. Clearwing moths—Classification. 2. Brachodidae—Classification. 3. Choreutidae—Classification. 4. Insects—Classification. I. Duckworth, W. Donald, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 314.

QL1.S54   no. 314   [QL561.S47]   591s   [595.78′1]   79–607130

Classification of the Superfamily Sesioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia)

John B. Heppner and W. Donald Duckworth

____________

John B. Heppner and W. Donald Duckworth, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560.

Introduction

In recent years, increased systematic research in the less specialized family groups of the suborder Ditrysia, historically termed the tineoid complex, has served to emphasize the inadequacy of much of the traditional higher category classification for expressing evolutionary affinities as they are presently perceived. This, in turn, has stimulated a heightened interest in the discovery and testing of character systems that seem to offer greater insight into family and superfamily relationships on a world basis in these groups.

The results of some of these studies have suggested various revisions in lower ditrysian higher category classification (Common, 1974, 1975; Brock, 1971; Heppner, 1977a), including the establishment of the superfamily Sesioidea (= Aegerioidea). In the present paper a revised classification for the Sesioidea, resulting from studies currently being conducted on the Sesiidae and various taxa formerly assigned to the conglomerate family Glyphipterigidae (auctorum), is presented. Extensive examination of the world genera previously assigned to these two families, while still incomplete, has provided, in our opinion, sufficient new data regarding relationships to establish a preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis and to discriminate one additional family in Sesioidea in addition to Sesiidae and Choreutidae.

Another new family, Immidae, was recently formed (Heppner, 1977a) from species formerly in Glyphipterigidae. It was initially considered that this group be also placed in Sesioidea. More recent study of basic morphological characters of Immidae, together with an assessment of the biological information presented by Common (1974) for one species of Imma and recent information on other species (Common, 1979; Dugdale, pers. comm.), has provided sufficient evidence to exclude Immidae from Sesioidea. The unspined and non-protruded pupa and other characters cannot be reconciled within Sesioidea. In assessing the characters known for Immidae, the family appears to demonstrate ancestral relationships to Yponomeutoidea and shows an evolutionary trend toward Zygaenoidea and Pyraloidea (Hyblaeidae). Immidae requires a separate superfamily to adequately integrate the group among other ditrysian families and, thus, we agree with Common (1979) in his naming of Immoidea. A forthcoming review of Immidae, as a prelude to a revision of the family, will pursue these questions further (Heppner, in prep. b).

As presently established, the superfamily Sesioidea consists of three families, 150 genera, and 1515 species in the world fauna. The Sesiidae have been recognized as a distinct family group for more than a century and have in recent years been extensively redefined (Niculescu, 1964; Naumann, 1971; Duckworth and Eichlin, 1974, 1977c; Fibiger and Kristensen, 1974). The division of Glyphipterigidae (auctorum) into Glyphipterigidae (sensu stricto) and Choreutidae, with their respective transfers from the Yponomeutoidea to Copromorphoidea and Sesioidea, was discussed in an earlier paper (Heppner, 1977a). In the present paper, a number of genera formerly assigned to the glyphipterigids are grouped together as the family Brachodidae, recently used to replace Atychiidae (Heppner, 1979a). This family, based on the genus Brachodes (= Atychia Latreille), is extensively distributed in the tropical regions of the world, and study of the included genera has provided the first indication of the probable origin of the Sesiidae, a relationship that has eluded lepidopterists for many years. In terms of the present scope of Brachodidae, it essentially becomes a new family, since the former Atychiidae was restricted to only one genus in most treatments and Agenjo (1966) considered the group only as a subfamily of Glyphipterigidae.

The families comprising the Sesioidea are herein defined and discussed, along with a definition of the superfamily. Phylogenetic considerations are discussed following a historical review of the higher categories. The author and date of the earliest family-group name is noted under the appropriate family heading, along with the present family name noted for the first authorship and a list of all synonyms.

The authors are jointly responsible for the text except for the individually written family sections: Brachodidae and Choreutidae by Heppner and Sesiidae by Heppner and Duckworth. All new taxa and new combinations are to be credited to the author of the particular family section.

Checklists of all taxa transferred to the new family name Brachodidae and for Sesiidae and Choreutidae are provided as completely as currently known. All sesioid genera that do not appear in these lists and that were formerly associated with the Glyphipterigidae (auctorum), now belonging to various families, will be included in a catalog of these genera currently in preparation (Heppner, in prep. a). Genera excluded from Sesiidae were noted by Naumann (1971) but some of these are newly transferred to other families herein. Only genera known to be properly associated with each family, as we perceive them, are included in the checklists. Genera are listed phylogenetically, species alphabetically, and synonyms chronologically. Original generic assignments are noted after the valid species name. The letters to the left of each species name represent the faunal region where each is known to occur (A=Australian; C=Cosmopolitan; E=Ethiopian; H=Holarctic; N=Nearctic; NL=Neotropical; O=Oriental; P=Palearctic). Type-species are noted in brackets after the generic name.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We are indebted to a large number of colleagues and institutions for their cooperation and assistance during the course of our studies. The nature of the present paper is such that acknowledgment of all those who have materially aided its completion through loan of types and other specimens in their charge would require more space than is appropriate here. We will, therefore, defer these specifics to future papers dealing with detailed studies of genera and species.

We would at this point, however, like to acknowledge those persons who have contributed significantly to the present study through their willingness to share with us through discussion, correspondence, and review of this manuscript, their considerable knowledge of Lepidoptera systematics: T. D. Eichlin, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento; I.F.B. Common, C.S.I.R.O., Canberra, Australia; J. S. Dugdale, D.S.I.R., Nelson, New Zealand; K. Sattler and G. S. Robinson, British Museum (Natural History), London; A. Diakonoff, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands; J.F.G. Clarke and D. R. Davis, Smithsonian Institution, Washington; R. W. Hodges, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington; J. A. Powell, University of California, Berkeley; and C. M. Naumann, Universität Bielefeld, West Germany.

We also wish to acknowledge the assistance of Vira Milbank, Leslie Schimmel, and Dan Thompson for bibliographic assistance; George Venable for the illustrations (except wing venations and drawings of the immature stages); and the National Museum of Natural History Scanning Electron Microscope Laboratory for the scanning electron micrographs. The adult photographs are the work of Victor Krantz, National Museum of Natural History photographic unit, with assistance by D. Dougherty.

This study was aided in part by a fellowship award from the Office of Academic Studies, Smithsonian Institution (Heppner), a grant from the Smithsonian Secretary's Fluid Research Fund (Duckworth), and a Smithsonian Research Foundation grant (Duckworth).

Taxonomic History

The genera here included in Sesioidea were mostly included among various families of the Yponomeutoidea in more recent classifications of Lepidoptera. The early segregations of the sesiids, beginning with the early nineteenth-century partition of the large units of the Linnean classification placed them among the diurnal moths. The groups herein included in Choreutidae were placed among the nocturnal moths, while those forming the Atychiidae (auctorum) (now Brachodidae) were placed among the crepuscular moths. The next century brought many refinements to this classification and for the sesiids a number of varying associations, whereas the other two families were sorted into various other families. Niculescu (1964) has summarized the past associations of the Sesiidae in relation to phylogenetic aspects.

The earliest distinction of a superfamily (Aegerioidea) for the sesiids was by Mosher (1916). Meyrick (1928c) placed Sesiidae in Glyphipterygoidea but also included Heliodinidae and Heliozelidae, in addition to Glyphipterigidae. Generally neither superfamilly was recognized by other authors, and in recent decades the sesiids most often have been included in Yponomeutoidea. An exception to this was Forster (1954) who also used Glyphipterygoidea and included only Glyphipterigidae (auctorum) and Sesiidae. With the morphological studies of Brock (1971) the sesiids were again segregated and have now generally become recognized as belonging to a distinct superfamily, especially as Brock's work has become more fully integrated into modern systematic studies on Lepidoptera. In retreating from the emphasis on general facies and using other characters such as larval morphology, pupal behavior, and basic adult morphology, the new concept of Sesioidea is firmly based.

Among the families of Sesioidea, the genera herein segregated into the new concept of Brachodidae were, as noted above, included among the Glyphipterigidae sensu Meyrick (1914c). This is likewise true for Choreutidae and is discussed in more detail after each family description. Brachodidae (as Atychiidae) has often been considered as a distinct family, sometimes in Tineoidea, or as a subfamily of Tineidae (Rebel, 1901b), or even as a family of Tortricoidea (Obenberger, 1964). Edwards (1888) even placed the genus Atychia in Heterogynidae. Agenjo (1966) adopted the name Brachodinae as a subfamily in Glyphipterigidae. In all these cases the predominant cause of such varied placement involved the uncertain affinity of the groups, inasmuch as fundamental morphological characters were not as much relied upon as superficial resemblance. The same reason was also responsible for the varied associations of the sesiids in the past, since their highly specialized features could superficially be regarded as similar to several families, depending on the judgment of the researcher.

Phylogeny of Sesioidea

The taxonomic history of the genera here segregated into three families, in relation to previous views on their phylogenetic positions in the Ditrysia, and the distinction of Sesioidea as a separate superfamily, is discussed in the sections under each family below. With Sesiidae in particular, while placement has now stabilized in the super family Sesioidea, the origin of the family has still remained obscure until now, primarily due to the highly modified structures of the adults and because the relationship to Choreutidae did not provide any further evidence in itself to determine the origin of the sesiids.

TABLE. 1—Family characters in Sesioidea

Characters, in part synapomorphic, that indicate phylogenetic relationships among the three families include (1) the tortricoid abdominal articulation; (2) the trisetose prespiracular setal group of the larval prothorax (2 in Sagalassa); (3) wing venational patterns, although modified in Sesiidae due to elongated wings; (4) large ocelli in general (with only one genus known lacking them but with positional marks remaining); (5) the diurnal adult activity regime; (6) the mobile and protruded pupa; and (7) basic similarities of certain genitalic characters. In addition to cohesive characters, there are unique developments in each family: (1) a presumed ancestral wing venation and diurnal adult activity among known biologies of Brachodidae; (2) a unique wing coupling mechanism, elongated wings, mimicry (mostly of Hymenoptera), and diffuse chaetosemata in Sesiidae; and (3) external larval feeding, a scaled haustellum, and a tendency toward tortricoid wing venation in Choreutidae. The cohesiveness of the superfamily, in relation to various characters available for comparison, appears sound (see Table 1). The relationships to Sesiidae are particularly important inasmuch as the origins and closest relatives of this group are finally known with some degree of certainty, as noted further below.

Wing venation, genitalic characteristics, and larval habits distinguish Brachodidae as the least advanced sesioid family. Noteworthy also are the relatively very large ocelli of some genera, which has been found to be generally a plesiomorphic character among the Lepidoptera whenever encountered. These and other morphological characters provide, we believe, significant evidence for the phylogenetic relationship to Sesiidae that reflects the probable ancestral forms from which Sesiidae developed, expecially from species probably not greatly differing from present-day Brachodes species. Brachodidae form the “unknown” sister group of Sesiidae left blank by Naumann (1971). The relict character states retained in the least advanced sesiids, Pennisetia and Zenodoxus, are noteworthy in relation to Brachodes: antennae (in Pennisetia) bipectinate, no chaetosemata, no setal tuft at the antennal tip, very simplified genitalia in the male with loss of the gnathos, the lack of stalked veins in the forewing (in Zenodoxus), and the simple tubular pupal chamber. All these characters differ from typical advanced sesiids, yet all are distinctly mirrored in Brachodes. Additionally, the larvae of the less advanced genera of each family are similar: this is true for all sesiid larvae in relation to Brachodes and Sagalassa larvae. Larvae of Phycodes have an external feeding behavior not found in sesiids or most known Brachodidae. Specimens of Sagalassa larvae have been available for study and prove to be extremely close to typical sesiid larvae overall but have some features distinct in the superfamily. Brachodes larvae supposedly are also similar to sesiid larvae as noted by early lepidopterists in Europe (Heinemann, 1870; Spuler, 1910). Phycodes appears to be a divergent and specialized group within Brachodidae.

FIGURE 1.—Phylogeny of Sesioidea (width of species cone for each family represents the number of species known in each family).

The Choreutidae, although closely related to Brachodidae and Sesiidae, have evolved in a different yet typical direction of higher Ditrysia, namely to exophagous larvae. Apparently, the most advanced genera of Brachodidae also have developed external feeding larvae, if the two known species of larvae of Phycodes are any indication of the biologies common to two other genera that appear to be closely related to Phycodes. The additional divergence of Choreutidae noted above, the tendency to tortricoid wing venation, is found in several genera thought to be the most advanced within the Choreutidae.

Figure 1 illustrates the probable phylogeny of Sesioidea in relation to character trends noted above for each family. Each family has developed specializations separate from the other families in the superfamily. Sesiidae are so highly specialized, especially in terms of hymenopterous mimicry, that it initially would appear that this family ought to be the most advanced of the superfamily. It seems best, however, to place the Choreutidae as the overall most advanced family of Sesioidea. This action provides a better expression of more fundamental morphological relationships among the three families, while at the same time considers unique specializations of each family as being the product of differential rates of evolution. The Sesiidae retain many basic morphological features, both of the adult and of the larva, that demonstrate a fundamentally less advanced development from Brachodidae than the Choreutidae. The Choreutidae have virtually entirely developed external feeding larvae and a number of morphological characters similarly found in higher Ditrysia, thus indicating that they have evolved further from Brachodidae ancestors than have Sesiidae.

Currently our knowledge of all the trends of this area of the Ditrysia—Yponomeutoidea to Tortricoidea—is incomplete but it is clear that there is a reticulate aspect to the evolutionary trends of several families that otherwise demonstrate affinities to relatives within each superfamily. Thus, Sesiidae show some relationships, as often noted in the past, to Yponomeutoidea, while Choreutidae show some relationship both to Tortricidae and perhaps to Gelechioidea due to their scaled haustellum, although these relationships appear more superficial than significant. It appears, however, that the ancestors developing to Sesioidea may also have included branches that had developmental trends to various higher Ditrysia.

Superfamily SESIOIDEA

AECERIOIDEA Mosher, 1916:48.

GLYPHIPTERYGOIDEA Meyrick, 1928c:599 [part].

SESIOIDEA Common, 1974:104.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Ditrysian moths of small to large size (2–30 mm base to apex forewing length).

Head: Frons smooth scaled or with loosely appressed scales; vertex scales loosely appressed, rarely rough scaled with hair-like scales; haustellum usually developed, rarely reduced; haustellum naked, sometimes basally scaled; maxillary palpus minute, rarely longer, usually 1- to 2-segmented but sometimes 3-segmented; pilifer large, with large spine-like setae; mandible reduced, half size of pilifer; labial palpus upcurved, of varying length but segment 2 long and segment 3 very short, more or less smooth scaled but often with large porrect scale tuft on venter of segment 2 or otherwise roughened; ocellus present, usually very large (if absent then positional marks remain); chaetosemata usually absent, sometimes present along posterior margin of head; eye large, naked; antenna inserted on front of head, usually filiform, occasionally pectinate, bipectinate or tightly clavate, sometimes tapering to small setal tuft at tip; male antenna usually with ventral setae of varying length.

Thorax: Usually normal, sometimes with dorso-anterior bag-like protrusion, rarely with a protrusion partially over a retracted head; legs usually smooth scaled with scale tufts at tibial spurs, sometimes with long hair-like scales over most of leg.

Forewing: Rectangular to elongate; when very elongate then basal half distinctly narrowed; usually opaque, sometimes partially hyaline; pterostigma present or absent; venation complete, with infrequent stalking of veins in radial and mediocubital sectors; chorda often present, or absent; median vein sometimes present in cell, vestigial or absent; CuP usually present at tornal margin, extended as fold; anal veins reduced or absent.

Hindwing: Usually shorter and broader than forewing, sometimes nearly subequal; wing coupling normal or uniquely modified with marginal fold, dorsally recurved, composed of Sc+Rs; sometimes with hyaline areas; venation complete, most veins usually not stalked; CuP sometimes absent, usually present at tornal margin, extended as fold; anal field sometimes expanded beyond half wing width; 4 anal veins, with only 3 clearly distinct, fourth at anal margin, with A1 and A2 fused beyond basal fork.

Abdomen: Stout to slender and tapering, sometimes constricted at base, sometimes with long appendages from posterior end (Alcathoe); articulation with thorax of tortricoid apodemal type; posterior coremata sometimes present.

Male Genitalia: Variously modified, with tegumen and vinculum present; valva simple to complex; uncus, gnathos, and distinct socius present or absent; socius-like setaceous area sometimes present; tuba analis sometimes prominent; saccus often reduced but sometimes very large; aedeagus often with phallobase; cornutus usually present.

Female Genitalia: Ovipositor usually unspecialized, rarely floricomous; ostium bursae on intersegmental membrane between sternites 7 and 8, or on sternal plate of segment 7; ductus bursae sclerotized or membranous, long or short; bulla seminalis usually small; bursa copulatrix usually ovate, occasionally modified; signum often present, sometimes large, or absent.

Larva: Cyclindrical; head hypognathous, sometimes somewhat prognathous; head with frontoclypeus from ½ to nearly touching epicranial notch; stemmata in trapezoid with 3 pairs as separate groups or more semi-circular and all close together with stemmata VI often somewhat reduced; 2 adfrontal setae; spinneret slender; proleg usually long, sometimes very long and slender, or short and reduced; crochets well developed, in uniordinal transverse bands, circle, or lateral penellipse; primary setae only; prothorax with L-group trisetose (2 in Sagalassa) on separate pinaculum; prothoracic shield sclerotized or less distinct; prothorax with SD2 close to SD1 or distant; meso- and metathorax with L1 close to L3 and distant from L2 or L1 close to L2 and distant from L3; abdominal segments 1–6 with SD2 usually closer to spiracle than SD1, sometimes SD1 closer than SD2, or subequal; L2 approximate and antero-dorsad to L1 on pinaculum, anterior to L1, or antero-ventrad to L1; prothoracic SV setae distant or approximate; abdominal SV setae of segment 2 more or less in vertical line, oblique line, or in triangle; abdominal segment 8 with D2 nearly as far apart as D1 or twice as far apart.

Pupa: Abdominal segments (3–7 in male; 3–6 in female) movable; dorsum of abdominal segments 2–7 in male (2–6 in female) with spines in two rows or with a single row (always one row on segment 7 in both sexes); head with sclerotized ridges or smooth; maxillary palpi large; appendages often extending beyond wing tips, if so then free; no distinct cremaster but often with spines on posterior segment or hook-like spines; pupation in larval gallery or on leaf surface in silken cocoon; pupa protruded at ecdysis. Development from egg to adult from a few weeks to 2–3 years.

DISTRIBUTION.—All faunal regions, with most species from Pantropical areas centered in the Oriental and Australian faunal regions.

CURRENT TAXA.—Three families, 150 genera, 1515 species.

DISCUSSION.—The main distinctions of Sesioidea involve basic characters of larval and adult morphology and behavior that have been found to be of use in assessing relationships among higher categories of Ditrysia (Heppner, 1977a). While the outward structural characters of wing venation and head morphology place the superfamily among the less advanced microlepidoptera, the tortricoid abdominal articulation clearly indicates a placement after the less advanced Ditrysia—Tineoidea, Gelechioidea, Copromorphoidea, and Yponomeutoidea—which all have a tineoid abdominal articulation. Larval and pupal morphology and wing venation distinguish the Sesioidea from Immoidea, Tortricoidea and the remaining Ditrysia, whereby the relationships to higher Ditrysia clearly place the superfamily at a beginning position in the evolutionary progression to the macro-moths and butterflies.

Key to Families of Sesioidea

ADULTS

LARVAE

PUPAE

Family BRACHODIDAE, new status

ATYCHIDES Duponchel, 1835:169 [unavailable by homonymy of type-genus; type-genus: Atychia Latreille, 1809:214, preoccupied].

CHIMERITES Blanchard, 1840:474 [unavailable by homonymy of type-genus; type-genus: Chimaera Ochsenheimer, 1808:2, preoccupied].

ATYCHIDAE Duponchel, 1843:329 [unavailable by homonymy of type genus; incorrect family stem].

ATYCHIOIDAE Lederer, 1853:67 [unavailable by homonymy of type-genus; incorrect family stem].

ATYCHIIDAE Speyer, [1856]:88 [unavailable by homonymy of type-genus].

BRACHODINAE Agenjo, 1966:[148] [type-genus: Brachodes Guenée, 1845:311 (= Atychia Latreille, 1809)].

BRACHODIDAE.—Heppner, 1979a:127 [replacement name for Atychiidae; type-genus: Brachodes Guenée, 1845:311 (= Atychia Latreille, 1809)].

BRADYPTESIDAE Kasy, 1979:5 [replacement name for Atychiidae; type-genus: Bradyptesis sensu Kasy, 1979:5 (not Bradyptesis Sodofsky, 1837:83 [= Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808 (Zygaenidae), not Atychia Latreille, 1809])].

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS (Figures 20–27, 40–49, 75–83, 102–103).—Small to moderate sized moths (5–14 mm base to apex forewing length).

Head: Frons usually smooth scaled, rarely with loosely appressed scales; vertex with loosely appressed scales, rarely with long hair-like scales; haustellum developed, naked; maxillary palpus minute, rarely enlarged, 1- to 3-segmented; labial palpus upcurved, often short, moderately roughened, segment 3 short, with long segment 2; ocellus very large, rarely absent (Hoplophractis); chaetosema absent; eye large, naked; antenna filiform, pectinate or bipectinate; male antenna setaceous ventrally.

Thorax: Normal, rarely with dorso-anterior protrusion extended over partially retracted head; legs usually smooth scaled, with scale tufts by tibial spurs, rarely with long hair-like scales.

Forewing: Moderately elongate but not narrowed along basal half, rarely narrowed at most to images from base; opaque, often with metallic iridescent scaling in bands or spots; radius 5-branched, without stalking; chorda present or absent; pterostigma absent; vestigial median vein sometimes in cell; median and cubital veins evenly spaced, not stalked; CuP sometimes at tornal margin, extended as fold; anal veins reduced to fused A1+A2, basally long-forked.

Hindwing: Shorter and broader than forewing; usually opaque, rarely with hyaline areas or spots; simple frenulum-retinaculum wing coupling; Sc+R1 fused, terminating on costal margin near apex; Rs free basally, to apex; median veins generally evenly spaced; M3 sometimes stalked with CuA1; M2 often vestigial in cell; anal field sometimes enlarged; CuP present at tornal margin, extended as fold; 4 anal veins usually present; A1+A2 fused, basally long-forked; A3 distinct; A4 reduced.

Abdomen: Robust elongate, not distinctly slender; abdominal coremata absent.

Male Genitalia: Uncus sometimes present, often absent or fused with tegumen; tegumen developed; gnathos present or absent; socius absent, sometimes socius-like setaceous area present; tuba analis sometimes prominent; valva simple or complex, sometimes bifurcate; vinculum developed; saccus usually absent, rarely partially developed; aedeagus short or long, often stout; cornutus present or absent.

Female Genitalia: Ovipositor usually unspecialized; ostium usually on intersegmental membrane between segments 7 and 8 ventrally, rarely on edge of sternal plate of segment 7; ductus bursae usually membranous, not greatly elongate; bulla seminalis sometimes large; bursa copulatrix elongate or ovate; signum present or absent.

Larva: Head hypognathous; frontoclypeus to ½ distance from labrum to epicranial notch; stemmata in trapezoid with 3 pairs of separate groups; proleg relatively short or long; crochets well developed, in two transverse bands; prothorax with L-group bisetose (Sagalassa) [possibly trisetose in other genera]; SD2 distant to SD1; unsclerotized prothoracic shield, with oblique sclerotized ridge each side nearly convergent posteriorly; meso-and metathorax with L1 close to L3 and distant from L2; abdominal segments 1–6 with SD2 subequal to spiracle and SD1; L2 anterior to L1; prothoracic SV setae distant; abdominal SV setae more or less in vertical line on segment 2; abdominal segment 8 with D2 twice as far apart as D1.

Pupa: Dorsal spines present in two rows on abdominal segments 2–7 in male (2–6 in females); segments 3–7 in male (3–6 in female) movable; head with sclerotized process or ridge; maxillary palpus large; appendages slightly beyond wing tips; no distinct cremaster; pupation in larval gallery or on leaf under stout cocoon of silk; pupa protruded at ecdysis.

DISTRIBUTION.—All faunal regions except the Nearctic, with most species in Pantropical areas; greatest number of species known from the Oriental and Australian regions, but with many from the Neotropical and Palearctic regions.

CURRENT TAXA.—11 genera, 96 species.

HOSTS.—Bromeliaceae (Miscera from Chile); Gramineae (Brachodes); Leguminosae (Nigilgia; Melastomaceae (Hoplophractis); Moraceae (Phycodes); Palmae (Miscera from Australia and Sagalassa).

DISCUSSION.—The family name Atychiidae has been used by many European authors in the past for the Palearctic genus Atychia, but the name involves nomenclatural problems that require termination of its use. The type-genus of Atychiidae, Atychia Latreille, 1809, is a junior homonym of Atychia Ochsenheimer, 1808, the latter name belonging to Zygaenidae and now considered to be a synonym of Adscita Retzius, 1783. Consequently, by Article 39 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, whereby a family name based on a genus that is a junior homonym is not available for use, “Atychiidae” must be replaced. Since the next available name for Atychia Latreille is Brachodes Guenée, 1845, the family name must be changed to Brachodidae. Further details of the above were noted by Heppner (1979a); however, the name had already been adopted as a subfamily name by Agenjo (1966). Kasy (1979) used the family name Bradyptesidae as a replacement name for Atychiidae but this was erroneous because the nominal type-genus, Bradyptesis Sodoffsky, 1837, is a replacement name proposed for Atychia Ochsenheimer (Zygaenidae), not Atychia Latreille. Thus, Bradyptesis Sodoffsky is a zygaenid name, not a brachodid name.

The present, enlarged concept of Brachodidae is formed by genera not previously thought to be related to Brachodes. Phycodes was placed in Atychiinae (Tineidae) by Rebel (1901b) and Miscera was initially noted by Meyrick (1907b) to be related to Brachodes, but since then Atychiidae has been applied only to “Atychia.” The genera here included in Brachodidae are clearly distinguished from the other two sesioid families, as can be most easily noted in the keys to families, and may be sorted into three groups of closely related genera. In the first group Brachodes is the most plesiomorphic genus. The male genitalia are extremely simplified, with simple valvae and loss of a distinct uncus and gnathos. The genitalia are very similar to those of the most ancestral sesiid genera Pennisetia (= Bembecia [auctorum]) and Zenodoxus. In relation to wing venation, genitalic characters, and the bipectinate antennae found in many males of Brachodes, it appears that the proto-sesiid line, as represented by descendant Pennisetia, diverged from Brachodes progenitors. It is not unlikely that Brachodes is in fact a relict genus and that the sesiids diverged from species much like the Brachodes of today.

The other genera of the first group include the Australian Miscera, Euthorybeta, and Synechodes. The first two genera were synonymized with Sagalassa by Meyrick (1913a) but are distinct, notably in genital features, and this distinction in effect restricts Sagalassa to the Neotropics. The few specimens of Miscera, Euthorybeta, and Synechodes that I have been able to examine demonstrate a clear affinity to Brachodes: the genitalia are very similar, differing only in having developed a gnathos. Presently, there is one described species from Chile, formerly in Sagalassa (originally Atychia triphaenoides Butler), that appears to be congeneric with the Australian species of Miscera; this is the only known species of the genus in the New World. Tentatively, I have also placed the African genus Atractoceros in this group of genera, though more study is needed to determine if it is validly distinct and if this generic group contains its nearest relatives.

The second generic group of Brachodidae involves Callatolmis, Sagalassa, and Polyphlebia. These genera are restricted to the Neotropical region as far as is known. Polyphlebia was formerly listed as a synonym of Sagalassa but the genitalic characters are divergent and the genus is here considered distinct. It is the only brachodid genus with a species having hyaline areas in the hindwings. Two other species formerly in Sagalassa are transferred to Callatolmis following genitalic examination of the species involved; there are also at least two undescribed species that appear to belong to this genus. The complex genitalia of these genera seem to isolate them somewhat from Brachodes, Atractoceros, Miscera, Euthorybeta, and Synechodes.

Phycodes, Nigilgia, and Hoplophractis belong to the third group of closely related genera, although Hoplophractis has diverged considerably. These genera form a separate subfamily, Phycodinae, and are distinguished by their more smooth scaled head, composed of large plate-like scales, the wedge-shaped upcurved labial palpi, and extensive metallic iridescent scaling of the forewings in most species. Hoplophractis is very curious in having a small head somewhat retracted into the thorax, which is slightly protruded over the head. This odd form of head-thorax configuration reminds one of acrocerid flies (Diptera: Acroceridae). The ocelli of Hoplophractis are secondarily absent (positional marks remain where the ocelli should be), possibly associated with the head reduction. The genitalia of this group of genera are also somewhat complex and in some species they begin to resemble genitalia found in a few species of Choreutidae, although all have a naked haustellum and are otherwise morphologically related to the other genera of Brachodidae.

Extremely little is known of the bionomics of Brachodidae and the larval and pupal descriptions are based on very few species. Most of the genera are unknown in terms of their biologies or characters of their immature stages. Fletcher (1914; 1933) provided biological notes on the immature stages and bionomics of two species of Phycodes. Heinemann (1870), Hartmann (1880), and Spuler (1910) noted larval hosts and the adult diurnal activity of Brachodes (actually only Brachodes appendiculatus Esper). The adults of Brachodes cassandrella (Staudinger) have been observed to be attracted to lights (Sattler, pers. comm.) in Spain, indicating that one species at least may be nocturnal.

Larval characters of Sagalassa valida Walker (herein noted for the first time) show relationships to sesiid larvae in having well-developed crochets in two transverse rows, stemmata in a trapezoidal arrangement with them clustered in three separate pairs, SD2 on abdominal segments 1–6 nearly equidistant from the spiracle and SD1, SV setae distant on the prothorax, L1 close to L3 and distant from L2 on the meso- and metathorax, and the SV setae of abdominal segment 2 nearly in a vertical line. Also, larvae of both families are borers (except Phycodes) and almost without sclerotized areas on the body (Phycodes larvae were unavailable for study). Sagalassa larvae differ in several respects from sesiids: the one species studied (S. valida) has the frontoclypeus only ½ the distance to the epicranial notch, SD2 distant from SD1 on the prothorax, and L2 directly anterior to L1 on abdominal segments. Thus far, the above information on Sagalassa is all that is known of the detailed larval morphology and chaetotaxy of Brachodidae. The bisetose L-group of the prothorax is especially different from the remainder of the superfamily but other features demonstrate relationships, as do adult characters, and the genus may be unusual within Brachodidae. The tineid genus Scardia and possibly most Scardiinae, for example, have bisetose larvae. Phycodes larvae have been illustrated by Fletcher (1914; 1933) but no chaetotaxic details can be discerned from these illustrations.

The pupae of Brachodidae and Sesiidae are very close morphologically, with both showing two rows of spines on the dorsum of the abdominal segments 2–7 (only one row on segment 7 in females) and large maxillary palpi. The heads also have protuberances or carinae, presumably for emergence from the cocoon. These pupal characteristics are derived from the study of two genera of Brachodidae, Phycodes and Miscera (M. triphaenoides Butler), and numerous genera of Sesiidae.

From the information available there are some interesting trends to be noted. If we can presume that the grouping of genera into the two subfamilies, based upon adult morphology, is supported by similar larval and adult behavior within each subfamily, then the Brachodinae contain species that are borers in roots and form tubular larval chambers underground that also serve as pupal chambers. Brachodes adults have been noted to be mostly diurnal fliers, perhaps primarily crepuscular. The adult activities of Sagalassa are less well known but in Peru Sagalassa valida Walker is diurnal. The Phycodinae, including Phycodes and relatives, appear to be mostly leaf feeders, forming stout silk cocoons on host leaf surfaces. From the iridescent forewings of the species of this subfamily, it would appear that they are diurnal fliers as adults. Phycodes are indeed reported as diurnal fliers. Hoplophractis is diurnally active in Peru (Heppner, pers. comm.). Thus, it appears that there is a trend within the family from root feeders to external feeding larvae and a similar change in location for the pupation site. Brachodes adults have been recorded feeding at flowers (Boisduval, [1875]).

The members of this family are relatively rare and this undoubtedly has hindered research on their bionomics. It is especially surprising, however, that the biology of Brachodes appendiculatus (Esper), the only relatively common species found in much of Europe, has not been studied more or its biology published in detail. Apparently this species has been reared because of the published records that are available (Heinemann, 1870; Hartmann, 1880), although inadequate, and it is noted that the larvae require two years to complete their development, with pupation in the spring and adult emergence in June. It is not known whether any other genera or species of the family have two year larvae, but the leaf feeders, in contrast, undoubtedly complete larval development in one season. The two year larvae are of interest in relation to Sesiidae inasmuch as some sesiids require 2–3 years for larval development. The less specialized sesiids (Tinthiinae), in addition, are root feeders for the most part and form tubular cocoons similar to those recorded for Brachodes appendiculatus.

Whereas most Brachodidae are from tropical regions in general, it is not known what particular habitats they prefer. Only the north-temperate-inhabiting Brachodes are known from grassland areas of southern Europe, as well as grass habitats in mountainous localities, to more arid steppe regions of southcentral Asia.

Some typical Brachodidae adults are illustrated in Figures 2–7 and some are also illustrated by Clarke (1969).

Key to Subfamilies of Brachodidae

Subfamily BRACHODINAE

BRACHODINAE Agenjo, 1966:[148] [type-genus: Brachodes Guenée, 1845:311 (= Atychia Latreille, 1809)].

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—As for the family, with the following distinctions: ocellus large, not reduced; head, labial palpus and thorax with normal scaling, smooth or sometimes as roughened hair-like scales, but not with metallic plate-like enlarged scales; head normal, not reduced and retracted into prothorax; forewing usually rounded distally, not distinctly truncated; larva a borer, with reduced prolegs, pupa with reduced setae.

DISTRIBUTION.—Palearctic and Pantropical, with most species in the Palearctic and Australian regions.

CURRENT TAXA.—Eight genera, 73 species.

PHYCODINAE Heppner, new subfamily

TYPE-GENUS.—Phycodes Guenée, 1852:389.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—As for the family, with the following distinctions: ocellus usually prominent but rarely secondarily absent; head, labial palpus, and thorax very smooth-scaled with large plate-like scales of metallic iridescence; head somewhat smaller than in Brachodinae, rarely very reduced and appearing retracted into thorax; forewing usually somewhat truncated distally; larva leaf-feeding externally, with prolegs longer than in Brachodinae; pupa with longer setae than in Brachodinae.

DISTRIBUTION.—Pantropical, with most species in the Old World tropics.

CURRENT TAXA.—Three genera, 23 species.

Generic Synopsis of Brachodidae

Species

BRACHODINAE

Brachodes Guenée, 1845

32

Miscera Walker, 1863

25

Euthorybeta Turner, 1913

2

Synechodes Turner, 1913

1

Atractoceros Meyrick, 1936

2

Callatolmis Butler, 1877

3

Sagalassa Walker, 1856

7

Polyphlebia Felder, 1874

1

PHYCODINAE

Phycodes Guenée, 1852

18

Nigilgia Walker, 1863

4

Hoplophractis Meyrick, 1920

1

Checklist of Brachodidae

Subfamily BRACHODINAE

Brachodes

Guenée, 1845:311 [B. vernetella Guenée, 1845 (= Chimera [sic] funebris Feisthamel, 1833)]

Chimaera Ochsenheimer, 1808:2 [Sphinx chimaera Hübner, 1796 (= Sphinx appendiculata Esper, 1783); preoccupied, Linnaeus, 1766 (Pisces)]

Atychia Latreille, 1809:214 [Sphinx chimaera Hübner, 1796 (= Sphinx appendiculata Esper, 1783); preoccupied, Ochsenheimer, 1808 (Zygaenidae)]

Procerata Berthold, 1827:484 [Pyralis saldonana Fabricius, 1787 (= Sphinx appendiculata Esper, 1783); nomen oblitum]

Chimera [sic] Feisthamel, 1833:259 [misspelling]

Palamernis Meyrick, 1906:205 [P. canonitis Meyrick, 1906]

Bradyptesis sensu Kasy, 1979:5 [not Bradyptesis Sodoffsky, 1837 (Zygaenidae)]

P

appendiculatus (Esper, 1783:227), Sphinx
vahliana (Fabricius, 1787:225), Pyralis
saldonana (Fabricius, 1787:232), Pyralis
chimaera (Hübner, 1796: pl. 1: fig. 1), Sphinx
soldana [sic] (Berthold, 1827:484), Procerata [misspelling]
lucida (Lederer, 1853:68), Atychia
powelli (Oberthür, 1922:137), Atychia [new synonymy]

P

beryti (Stainton, 1867:53), Atychia [new combination]

nana (Lederer, 1855:226), Atychia [not Chimaera nana Treitschke, 1834]

P

candefactus (Lederer, 1858:151), Atychia [new combination]

P

canonitis (Meyrick, 1906:206), Palamernis [new combination]

P

caradjae (Rebel, 1902:122), Atychia [new combination]

P

cassandrella (Staudinger, 1859:224), Myelois [new combination]

P

diacona (Lederer, 1858:151), Atychia [new combination]

P

dispar (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854:83), Atychia [new combination]

compar (Staudinger, 1879:265), Atychia

P

fallax (Staudinger, [1900]:350), Atychia [new combination]

P

fasciatus (Staudinger, [1900]:349), Atychia [new combination]

P

flavescens (Turati, 1919:187), Atychia [new combination]

P

formosus (Amsel, 1953:315), Atychia [new combination]

P

fulgurita (Fischer de Waldheim, 1832:360), Chimaera [new combination]

pusilla (Eversmann, 1841:91), Chimaera

orbonota (Freyer, 1842:107), Chimaera

exilis (Herrich-Schäffer, [1856]:2), Atychia

confinis (Boisduval, [1875]:484), Atychia

P

funebris (Feisthamel, 1833:259), Chimera [sic]

vernetella Guenée, 1845:311

nana (Rambur, [1866]:159), Atychia [not Chimaera nana Treitschke, 1834]

gaditana (Rambur, [1866]:160), Atychia [new synonymy]

pusilla (Boisduval, [1875]:487), Atychia [not Chimaera pusilla Eversmann, 1841]

mediterranea (Walsingham, 1904:7), Atychia [nomen nudum]

E

infandus (Meyrick, 1920b:294), Atychia [new combination]

P

keredjella (Amsel, 1953:316), Atychia [new combination]

P

laetus (Staudinger, 1863:269), Atychia [new combination]

P

mesopotamicus (Amsel, 1949:313), Atychia [new combination]

E

metaspilus (Meyrick, 1926b:302), Atychia [new combination]

P

minutulus (Erschoff, 1874:96), Atychia [new combination]

P

monotonus (Amsel, 1953:317), Atychia [new combination]

P

nana (Treitschke, 1834:97), Chimaera [new combination]

P

nanetta (Oberthür, 1922:137), Atychia [new combination]

P

nycteropis (Meyrick, 1920b:294), Atychia [new combination]

P

orientalis (Rebel, 1905:217), Atychia [new combination]

P

pumila (Ochsenheimer, 1808:3), Chimaera [new combination]

chimaera (Hübner, [1803–08]: pl. 86: fig. 405), Noctua [not Sphinx chimaera Hübner, 1796]

E

quiris (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:3), Atychia [new combination]

P

radiatus (Christoph, 1873:49), Atychia [new combination]

rasa (Christoph, 1877:226), Atychia

rasata (Staudinger, [1900]:350), Atychia

P

radiolatus (Staudinger, [1900]:351), Atychia [new combination]

P

rhagensis (Lederer, 1869:91), Atychia [new combination]

P

straminella (Rebel, 1916a:194), Atychia [new combination]

P

tristis (Staudinger, 1879:266), Atychia [new combination]

Miscera Walker, 1863b:457 [M. resumptana Walker, 1863]

A

ambigua (Turner, 1942:91), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

ampla (Turner, 1942:91), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

androgyna Turner, 1913:203

A

basichrysa (Lower, 1916:541), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

centropus Meyrick, 1907b:104

A

conspersa (Turner, 1942:90), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

desmotoma (Lower, 1896:162), Atychia

desmotona [sic] Turner, 1913:202 [misspelling]

O

diabolus (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:3), Atychia [new combination]

A

episcota (Lower, 1903:68), Atychia

O

eubrachycera (Diakonoff, [1968]:189), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

heterozyga Turner, 1913:202

A

holodisca Meyrick, 1907b:105

A

homotona (Swinhoe, 1892:36), Balataea

A

isomacha (Meyrick, 1925a:132), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

leucopis Meyrick, 1907b:102

A

lygropis Turner, 1913:204

A

mesochrysa (Lower, 1903:68), Atychia

A

micrastra Meyrick, 1907b:105

A

omichleutis Meyrick, 1907b:105

A

orthaula Meyrick, 1907b:102

A

pammelas Turner, 1913:204

O

platysema (Meyrick, 1921b:180), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

poecilota (Turner, 1923:166), Sagalassa [new combination]

A

resumptana Walker, 1863b:458

anthomera (Lower, 1896:162), Atychia

NL

triphaenoides (Butler, 1883:73), Atychia [new combination]

Euthorybeta Turner, 1913:201 [E. xanthoplaca Turner, 1913]

A

ochroplaca Turner, 1913:201

A

xanthoplaca Turner, 1913:201

Synechodes Turner, 1913:200 [S. coniophora Turner, 1913]

A

coniophora Turner, 1913:200

Atractoceros Meyrick, 1936b:40 [Phycodes xanthoprocta Meyrick, 1914]

E

albiciliatus (Walsingham, 1891:78), Atychia [new combination]

E

xanthoprocta (Meyrick, 1914a:283), Phycodes

Callatolmis Butler, 1877:348 [Lycomorpha coleoptrata Walker, 1854]

Sisyroctenis Meyrick, 1936c:106 [S. hemicamina Meyrick, 1936; new synonymy]

NL

chrysauge (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:10), Eustixis [new combination]

NL

coleoptrata (Walker, 1854:288), Lycomorpha

NL

hemicamina (Meyrick, 1936c:106), Sisyroctenis [new combination]

Sagalassa Walker, 1856:5 [S. robusta Walker, 1856]

Gora Walker, 1862a:89 [G. aequalis Walker, 1862]

Jonaca Walker, 1863b:457 [J. compulsana Walker, 1863 (= Sagalassa valida Walker, 1856)]

NL

aequalis (Walker, 1862a:90), Gora

NL

cryptopyrrhella (Walker, 1866:1808), Jonaca

NL

metallica Walker, 1856:6

NL

nephelospila (Meyrick, 1912a:38), Jonaca

NL

orthochorda Meyrick, 1922:484

NL

robusta Walker, 1856:5
cryptoleucella (Walker, 1866:1709), Acrobasis

NL

valida Walker, 1856:6
compulsana (Walker, 1863b:457), Jonaca
crassalis (Walker, 1866:1289), Ennychia
querula (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875: pl. 138:fig. 44), Atychia
quaerula [sic] (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:3), Atychia [misspelling]
olivacea (Busck, 1914b:57), Jonaca

Polyphlebia Felder, 1874:8 [P. atychoides Felder, 1874 (=Aclytia buprestoides Walker, 1865)]

NL

buprestoides (Walker, [1865]: 101), Aclytia [new combination]
atychoides Felder, 1874:8

Subfamily PHYCODINAE

Phycodes Guenée, 1852:389 [P. hirudinicornis Guenée, 1852 (= Chimaera radiata Ochsenheimer, 1808)]

Tegna Walker, 1866:1809 [T. hyblaeella Walker,
1866 (= Chimaera radiata Ochsenheimer, 1808)]

E

albitogata Walsingham, 1891:80

O,P

chalcocrossa Meyrick, 1909b:424

O

chionardis Meyrick, 1909b:424

E

eucallynta Meyrick, 1937:124

O

maculata Moore, 1881:378

O

minor Moore, 1881:378
lucasseni (Snellen, 1901:74), Choregia
cymineuta Meyrick, 1909b:424

E

mochlophanes Meyrick, 1921c:110

O

morosa Diakonoff, 1948:202

P

omnimicans Diakonoff, 1978a:43

O

penitis Diakonoff, 1978a:41

E

pseliota Meyrick, 1920b:294

E

punctata Walsingham, 1891:78

O,P

radiata (Ochsenheimer, 1808:5), Chimaera
hirudinicornis Guenée, 1852:389
hyblaeella (Walker, 1866:1810), Tegna
mesopotamica Rebel, 1910b: 11
superbella Rebel, 1910b: 11 [nomen nudum]

E

substriata Walsingham, 1891:79

O

taonopa Meyrick, 1909b:423

P

tertiana Diakonoff, 1978a:42

O

tortricina Moore, 1881:378

O

venerea Meyrick, 1921b: 181

Nigilgia Walker, 1863b:511 [N. adjectella Walker, 1863]
Nigilica [sic] Turner, 1929:306 [misspelling]

E,O

adjectella Walker, 1863b:512

O,P

limata Diakonoff and Arita, 1979b:90

E

seyrigella Viette, [1955]:85

E

toulgoetella Viette, [1955]:86
toulgoëtella Viette, [1955]:86 [incorrect spelling]

Hoplophractis Meyrick, 1920a:326 [H. heptachalca Meyrick, 1920]

NL

heptachalca Meyrick, 1920a:326

Taxa Excluded from Brachodidae

Genera hereby transferred to Zygaenidae:

Burlacena Walker, [1865]:80 [B. aegerioides Walker, 1865]

Sesiomorpha Snellen, 1885b: 111 [S. abnormis Snellen, 1885 (= Syntomis vacua Walker, 1865)]

O

aegeriodes Walker, [1865]:80
abnormis (Pagenstecher, 1886:180), Sesiomorpha
[not Sesiomorpha abnormis Snellen, 1885]

O

similata Walker, [1865]:81

O

vacua (Walker, [1865]: 75), Syntomis
abnormis (Snellen, 1885b: 112), Sesiomorpha

Cibdeloses Durrant, 1919:121 [C. dolopis Durrant, 1919]

O

dolopis Durrant, 1919:122

Family SESIIDAE

SESIARIAE Boisduval, 1828:29 [type-genus: Sesia Fabricius, 1775:547].

AEGERIDAE Stephens, 1828:136 [type-genus: Aegeria Fabricius, 1807a:288 (= Sesia Fabricius, 1775)].

TROCHILIIDAE Westwood, 1843:32 [type-genus: Trochilium Scopoli, 1777: 414 (= Sesia Fabricius, 1775)].

SESIIDAE Herrich-Schäffer, 1852:9 [type-genus: Sesia Fabricius, 1775:547, not Sesiidae Stephens, 1828 (= Sphingidae)]

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS (Figures 28–31, 50–62, 84–92, 104–105).—Small to large moths (5–30 mm base to apex forewing length).

Head: Smooth-scaled; haustellum naked, sometimes reduced; maxillary palpus minute, 1- to 3-segmented; labial palpus upcurved, with relatively long segment 2 and short segment 3, roughened or smooth; ocellus large; linear chaetosema present on posterior head margin or absent; eye large, naked; antenna often tightly clavate, tapering to setal tufted tip, or bipectinate or pectinate, ventrally setaceous in male.

Thorax: Usually with dorso-anterior bag-like protuberance on pre-epimeron; legs slender, smooth-scaled with tufts at tibial spurs, sometimes with long hair-like scales over leg.

Forewing: Very elongate, with basal half narrowed; usually partially hyaline, sometimes opaque; radius 5-branched; R4 and R5 usually long-stalked; chorda absent, rarely vestigial; pterostigma absent; no vein in cell; median and cubital veins free; CuP absent; anal veins absent, vestigial basal spur sometimes present.

Hindwing: Shorter and broader than forewing; usually partially hyaline, sometimes opaque; frenulum single in both sexes; unique costal marginal fold of Rs+M1 for wing coupling; median veins widely separated; M3 stalked with CuA1, usually before crossvein; no vein in cell; anal field enlarged; A1 usually degenerate, only scale line remaining; A2 present, distinct; A3 short, sometimes forked to A2 basally; A4 usually present, rarely vestigial.

Abdomen: Elongate, slender, tapering to posterior; sometimes narrowed at base; anal tuft often large in males; abdomen often with colored bands on alternate sclerites.

Male Genitalia: Uncus present, usually modified but may be fused with tegumen, sometimes with lateral setaceous pads; tegumen present, rarely reduced; socius sometimes present; gnathos usually present; valva generally simple, but often with specialized setae and saccular ridge (crista sacculi); valva not bifurcate; vinculum developed; saccus usually well developed; aedeagus elongate, slender, usually with bulbous base; cornutus usually present.

Female Genitalia: Ovipositor with small papilla analis; ostium bursae ventrally between sclerites of abdominal segment 8 or on intersegmental membrane between sternites 7 and 8, or on posterior margin of sternite 7; ductus bursae moderately elongate, sometimes short; usually membranous; bursa copulatrix usually elongate-ovate or small and ovate; signum usually absent, sometimes present or reduced as folds or bands.

Larva: Head hypognathous; frontoclypeus from 2/3 to nearly at epicranial notch; stemmata in trapezoid with 3 pairs as separate groups, with V and VI remote; proleg short; crochets well developed (somewhat reduced in Pennisetia), in two transverse bands; prothorax with L-group trisetose; distinct shield but unsclerotized, with oblique sclerotized ridge on each side, nearly convergent posteriorly; SD2 close to SD1; SV setae distant; meso- and metathorax with L1 close to L3 and distant from L2; abdominal segments 1–6 with SD2 subequal to spiracle and SD1; L2 approximate and antero-dorsad to L1 on same pinaculum; abdominal segment 2 with SV setae more or less in vertical line; abdominal segment 8 with D2 about as far apart as D1.

Pupa: Dorsal spines present in two rows on abdominal segments 2–7 in male (2–6 in female), single row on 8–10; segments 3–7 in male (3–6 in female) movable; head with sclerotized process or ridge; maxillary palpus large; appendages free when beyond wing tips; no distinct cremaster but row of spines on segment 10, each with a fine seta at tip; protruded at ecdysis; pupation in larval gallery.

DISTRIBUTION.—In all faunal regions; in terms of known species major speciation has occurred in Pantropical regions but there has also been a substantial species radiation in the Holarctic region.

CURRENT TAXA.—123 genera, 1063 species (includes 43 genera and 83 species unassigned to subfamily).

HOSTS.—Aceraceae (Synanthedon); Betulaceae (Aegeria, Paranthrene, Synanthedon); Boraginaceae (Carmenta, Idiopogon, Synanthedon, Trilochana, Zenodoxus); Caprifoliaceae (Aegeria, Synanthedon); Compositae (Carmenta, Hymenoclea); Cucurbitaceae (Melittia); Cupressaceae (Aegeria); Ebenaceae (Sannina); Elaeocarpaceae (Pennisetia); Ericaceae (Synanthedon); Euphorbiaceae (Chamaesphecia); Fagaceae (Aegeria, Carmenta, Paranthrene, Sesia, Synanthedon); Lauraceae (Synanthedon); Leguminosae (Bembecia, Carmenta, Chamaesphecia); Loranthaceae (Carmenta); Malvaceae (Zenodoxus); Moraceae (Carmenta); Myricaceae (Synanthedon); Nyssaceae (Synanthedon); Oenotheraceae (Albuna); Oleaceae (Podosesia); Onagraceae (Albuna, Euhagena); Pinaceae (Synanthedon); Platanaceae (Synanthedon); Plumbaginaceae (Bembecia); Polemoniaceae (Synanthedon); Polygonaceae (Bembecia, Synanthedon); Ranunculaceae (Alcathoe); Rhamnaceae (Synanthedon); Rosaceae (Aegeria, Pennisetia, Podosesia, Synanthedon); Salicaceae (Aegeria, Paranthrene, Sesia, Synanthedon); Santalaceae (Carmenta); Saxifragaceae (Aegeria, Synanthedon); Scrophulariaceae (Penstemonia); Solanaceae (Synanthedon); Vitaceae (Albuna, Cissuvora, Vitacea).

DISCUSSION.—The Sesiidae form a compact family of generally clear-winged moths that are diurnal and highly mimetic in both appearance and behavior. The larvae are primarily borers in the trunks, bark, stems, or roots of trees, shrubs, and vines or in the stems and roots of herbaceous plants. Some species are inquiline borers in galls on woody and herbaceous plants. Two species are known to be predaceous on scale insects (Duckworth, 1969). Although generally recognized as a distinct group since the early 1800's, the relationships of the family to other groups of Lepidoptera have been unclear. The highly modified structures and behavior of the adults have led various researchers to consider a host of superficial resemblances for establishing relationships with other, often very divergent, families in the Ditrysia. While in recent years the position of the Sesiidae stabilized in the superfamily Yponomeutoidea, the origin of the group and relationships to other taxa remained obscure. The higher category arrangement defined in the present paper provides, in the opinion of the authors, the first phylogenetically sound classification for the sesiids and is predicated on an apparently close ancestral relationship with the family Brachodidae.

The subfamily classification provided for the Sesiidae in the present paper has been developed and discussed to varying degrees in previous publications (Duckworth and Eichlin, 1974, 1977c) and, like the present paper, is an outgrowth of revisionary studies being conducted by W. D. Duckworth and Thomas D. Eichlin on the Western Hemisphere sesiids. In the course of these studies a broad range of characters have been utilized for the development of higher categories within the family, and these characters have been analyzed over a broad sample of the world sesiid fauna. As revisionary studies progress, a tribal classification within each of the three subfamilies is being developed. Tribes recognized to date include Pennisetiini and Tinthiini in Tinthiinae; Cissuvorini and Paranthrenini in Paranthreninae; and Melittiini, Sesiini, Osminiini, and Synanthedonini in Sesiinae. In the following generic synopsis and checklist, however, tribal assignments are omitted pending a more complete study of Asian and African genera. In like manner, the genera yet to be definitely assigned to a subfamily are listed separately at the end of the sesiid checklist.

Even though a great deal of work remains to be done at the generic and specific levels, especially in the tropical areas of the world (Duckworth and Eichlin, 1978a), evidence to date suggests that many genera are more widely distributed than has been previously recognized. Thus, as our knowledge of the world sesiid fauna increases it seems reasonable to expect that the number of generic names will be substantially reduced. Conversely, the scarcity of specimens and difficulties of field sampling, due primarily to the diurnal flight habit and fugitive behavior of the adults and to the endophagous boring habit of the larvae, suggest that many more species of sesiids remain to be discovered, especially in tropical regions. Additionally, recent biological studies in North America associated with sesiid sex pheromone research and field testing (Nielsen and Purrington, 1974, 1978; Duckworth and Eichlin, 1977a; Purrington and Nielsen, 1977) suggest that species only marginally distinguishable morphologically may be reproductively isolated in nature. Therefore, one may reasonably conclude that the identified world sesiid fauna will increase significantly as more research and field sampling is accomplished. Indicative of these expected additions to the known sesiid fauna are preliminary results of a revision of Neotropical Sesiidae (by Duckworth and Eichlin) wherein approximately 200 new species have already been discerned from material at hand.

Biological information is fairly extensive for Sesiidae, especially in North America and the Palearctic region. This fact, however, should in no way be construed to mean that there is not an enormous need for extensive biological studies on the family. Even in relatively well-studied areas such as North America, many species are known only from one or a few specimens of one sex, with no available information concerning life-history, distribution, or population dynamics.

Biological information for North American sesiids is summarized in Beutenmüller (1901), Forbes (1923), Engelhardt (1946), and Duckworth and Eichlin (1977c, 1978b). Summaries for areas of the Palearctic include Gaede (1933b), Popescu-Gorj et al. (1958), Yano (1960, 1965), and Fibiger and Kristensen (1974). The little information available for Oriental species was reviewed by Gaede (1933a). A summary for Australia and New Zealand is provided in Duckworth and Eichlin (1974) along with comments on some general biological patterns observed in the family. Many North American sesiid larvae were covered by MacKay (1968).

The extraordinary morphological and behavioral modifications found in sesiids, primarily to affect mimicry relationships, has been largely unstudied until quite recently. Many of the studies previously referred to include extensive sections on sesiid morphology and behavior. In addition, Kristensen (1974) has investigated the evolution of wing transparency in sesiids and Sellier (1977) the ultramorphology of sesiid antennal sensory structures. An early paper by Staudinger (1854) also includes details of adult morphology. Studies on chemical communication in sesiids, primarily in North America, has generated considerable new information concerning behavior patterns and is partially summarized in Duckworth and Eichlin (1977a).

The presence of diffuse, linear chaetosemata (Figure 31) along the posterior margin of the head near the ocelli in all higher Sesiidae (Sesiinae and Paranthreninae), and the lack of this feature in Tinthiinae, is noted herein for the first time for the family. Scanning electron microscope studies confirmed the identity of the “setae” that had been suspected as being chaetosemata in conventional examination of numerous sesiid heads. Chaetosemata were first thoroughly discussed by Jordan (1923) but sesiids were not then known to possess any chaetosemata. The sesiid chaetosemata are very reduced compared to the large, conspicuous chaetosemata found in Zygaenidae and other families but are very similar to the chaetosemata of Tortricidae, being only linear instead of more compact. In being absent in Tinthiinae, this feature clearly is an apomorphic development of the more evolved sesiid subfamilies.

Some typical sesiid adults are illustrated in Figures 8–13.

Key to Subfamilies of Sesiidae

Subfamily TINartHIINAE

TINTHIINAE Le Cerf, 1917:148 [type-genus: Tinthia Walker, [1865]: 23].

BEMBECIINAE Niculescu, 1964:42 [type-genus: Bembecia of authors; not Bembecia Hübner, 1819 (= Pennisetia Dehne, 1850)].

ZENODOXINAE MacKay, 1968:5 [type-genus: Zenodoxus Grote and Robinson, 1868:184].

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Head and eyes comparatively small; antenna filiform, never clavate, ciliate ventrally on males, without terminal scale tuft; maxillary palpus 1-segmented; chaetosema absent. Thorax lacking bag-like protuberance on pre-epimeron. Forewing with veins R4 and R5 stalked or unstalked; CuA2 absent or more often very short. Hindwing with vein A1 nearly or entirely developed, A2 present, A3 and A4 absent. Male genitalia with valva somewhat rectangular to quadrangular, only simple setae on concave inner surface, crista sacculi absent; anellus fully developed, sleeve-like; base of saccus and vinculum broad, thick, without processes; tegumen unmodified; uncus simple or reduced to pair of setose knobs; gnathos and socius absent. Female genitalia with ductus bursae short, membranous, except for sclerotized ring near ostium bursae in some species; ductus seminalis arises just anterior to ring; bursa copulatrix small, ovate or elongate-ovate, without modifications. Larva with head setae A2 posterior to A1; prothorax with L3 posterior to L1, sometimes on same pinaculum; abdominal segment 7 with 3 SV setae; abdominal segment 8 with L2 dorsad of L1. Pupa similar to family description.

DISTRIBUTION.—World-wide but depauperate in species numbers, with most species in the eastern Oriental region.

CURRENT TAXA.—13 genera, 62 species (a few of the unplaced genera may belong here).

Subfamily PARANTHRENINAE

PARANTHRENINAE Niculescu, 1964:38 [type-genus: Paranthrene Hübner, [1819]: 128].

SESIINAE Boisduval.—Naumann, 1971:58 [in part].

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Head with maxillary palpus normally 2-segmented (3 in some genera), second segment large and usually indented in middle; labial palpus generally upcurved, extending above frons, thickened and roughened in appearance; antenna clavate with terminal scale tuft, ciliate ventrally in male, usually bipectinate; head and eyes proportionately larger than for species of Tinthiinae; linear chaetosema on posterior margin of head. Thorax with baglike protuberance on pre-epimeron. Abdomen of male with anal tuft arising from well-formed, oblong to strap-like sclerites on segment 8. Forewing most often with veins R4 and R5 long-stalked, stalk generally longer than 1/2 total length of R4 or R5; CuA2 present, nearly as long as CuA1. Hindwing with vein CuA1 arising just basad of crossvein (usually obscured by scale covering); no accessory cell; A1 degenerate (only line of scales remains as fold); A2 and A3 coincident except near base; A4 present. Male genitalia with valva having scales multifurcate dorsally, setaceous ventrally and apically, with median area unsscaled or with thick, dark scales in saccular region; tegumen reduced, short; gnathos small, rounded or bifurcate, often with tooth-like processes on ventral margin; uncus wide, elongate, about 3–5 times longer than tegumen, clothed latero-apically with long setaceous scales, mostly bilobed apically; vinculum narrow, with processes; saccus relatively short. Female genitalia with ductus bursae elongate, narrow, membranous, except for sclerotized ring near ostium bursae; ductus seminalis arises just anterior to ring; bursa copulatrix generally elongate-ovate, often thickened with many transverse folds and various longitudinal pigmented bands. Larva with head setae A2 posterior to A1; prothorax with L2 anterodorsad to L1, L3 posterodorsad or posteroventrad of L1 and more distant; abdominal segment 7 with 3 SV setae; abdominal segment 8 sometimes with L2 posterior to L1. Pupa similar to family description.

DISTRIBUTION.—World-wide, with the greatest number of species in the Old World.

CURRENT TAXA.—Nine genera, 136 species (some of the unplaced genera may belong here).

Subfamily SESIINAE

SESIINAE Boisduval, 1828:29 [type-genus: Sesia Fabricius, 1775:547].

AEGERIINAE sensu Le Cerf, 1917:148 [type-genus: Aegeria Fabricius, 1807a:288 (= Sesia Fabricius, 1775)].

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Head with maxillary palpus 2-segmented, second segment much reduced in most species; eyes average proportionately larger than species of Paranthreninae and Tinthiinae; antenna variously clavate with terminal scale tuft, ventrally ciliate in male, pectinate only in some species of Melittiini and Sesiini; linear chaetosema on posterior head margin. Thorax with bag-like protuberance on pre-epimeron. Anal tuft issuing from well-formed sclerites. Forewing generally with stalk of veins R4 + R5 1/2 or less than 1/2 total length of R4 or R5; CuA2 nearly as long as CuA1. Hindwing without accessory cell; M3 and CuA1 short-stalked distad of crossvein except in Melittiini; A1 degenerate, its position indicated by scale line on fold; A2, A3, and A4 present. Male genitalia generally with tegumen and uncus fused, exact limits of each obscure; gnathos usually well-developed; variously shaped socius present in most species, varying in structure, many species with scopula androconalis; subscaphium usually thin, strap-like; vinculum narrow, with processes, saccus of varying length; valva variously modified, most frequently with specialized scales. Female genitalia with ductus bursae long, narrow, usually membranous, sometimes partially sclerotized; ductus seminalis arises midway on ductus bursae or near ostium bursae; bursa copulatrix moderate, elongate-ovate, unmodified. Larva with head setae A2 posterolateral to A1 or between A1 and A3; prothorax with L3 posterodorsad to L1; abdominal segment 7 with 2 SV setae; abdominal segment 8 with L2 anterior to spiracle. Pupa similar to family description.

DISTRIBUTION.—World-wide and the largest subfamily, with numerous Holarctic and Pantropical species.

CURRENT TAXA.—58 genera, 782 species (some of the unplaced genera may belong here).

DISCUSSION.—As indicated by Naumann (1971), the type-species designation for Aegeria is Sphinx apiformis Clerck, 1759, and not Sphinx culiciformis Linnaeus, 1758 (now in Synanthedon), thus making Aegeria a junior synonym of Sesia. This situation was clarified by T. D. Eichlin and noted by Bradley and Fletcher (1974).

Generic Synopsis of Sesiidae

Species

TINTHIINAE

Pennisetia Dehne, 1850

8

Rectala Bryk, 1947

1

Tinthia Walker, 1865

7

Paradoxecia Hampson, 1919

3

Paranthrenopsis Le Cerf, 1911

2

Microsphecia Bartel, 1912

2

Neotinthia Hampson, 1919

1

Bombosceles Meyrick, 1930

1

Zenodoxus Grote and Robinson, 1868

18

Trichocerota Hampson, 1893

16

Sophona Walker, 1856

1

Ficivora Clarke, 1962

1

Myrmecosphecia Le Cerf, 1917

1

PARANTHRENINAE

Cissuvora Engelhardt, 1946

1

Paranthrene Hübner, 1819

88

Paranthrenina Bryk, 1947

1

Vitacea Engelhardt, 1946

4

Albuna H. Edwards, 1881

6

Euhagena H. Edwards, 1881

8

Sincara Walker, 1856

10

Tirista Walker, 1865

2

Sura Walker, 1856

16

SESIINAE

Melittia Hübner, 1819

103

Desmopoda Felder, 1874

1

Sesia Fabricius, 1775

28

Toleria Walker, 1865

2

Calasesia Beutenmüller, 1899

1

Callithia Le Cerf, 1916

1

Osminia Le Cerf, 1917

2

Kemneriella Bryk, 1947

1

Synanthedon Hübner, 1819

298

Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910

109

Ceritrypetes Bradley, 1956

1

Weismanniola Naumann, 1971

1

Palmia Beutenmüller, 1896

1

Podosesia Möschler, 1879

3

Sannina Walker, 1856

1

Scalarignathia Capuse, 1973

1

Diakonoffia Niculescu, 1969

1

Carmenta H. Edwards, 1881

31

Penstemonia Engelhardt, 1946

4

Alcathoe H. Edwards, 1882

8

Hymenoclea Engelhardt, 1946

1

Bembecia Hübner, 1819

58

Euryphrissa Butler, 1874

2

Aegerina Le Cerf, 1916

5

Lepidopoda Hampson, 1900

10

Leptaegeria Le Cerf, 1916

5

Chamanthedon Le Cerf, 1916

26

Chimaerosphecia Strand, 1916

2

Conopsia Strand, 1913

1

Crinipus Hampson, 1896

1

Mimocrypta Naumann, 1971

1

Parasesia Le Cerf, 1916

1

Rhipidurina Naumann, 1971

1

Stenosphecia Le Cerf, 1917

1

Pseudalcathoe Le Cerf, 1916

2

Tarsopoda Butler, 1874

1

Teleosphecia Le Cerf, 1916

2

Callisphecia Le Cerf, 1916

3

Tipulamima Holland, 1893

17

Episannina Aurivillius, 1905

6

Camaegeria Strand, 1914

1

Aegerosphecia Le Cerf, 1916

5

Aenigmina Le Cerf, 1912

1

Lophoceps Hampson, 1919

5

Pseudomelittia Le Cerf, 1917

3

Dasysphecia Hampson, 1919

1

Tradescanticola Hampson, 1919

1

Hypanthedon Hampson, 1919

1

Hypomelittia Hampson, 1919

1

Epitarsipus Le Cerf, 1922

1

Amphithales Meyrick, 1926

1

Malgassesia Le Cerf, 1922

4

Oligophlebia Hampson, 1893

4

Metasphecia Le Cerf, 1917

1

Micrecia Hampson, 1919

1

Microsynanthedon Viette, 1955

1

Monopetalotaxis Wallengren, 1858

5

Vespanthedon Le Cerf, 1917

1

Genera Unassigned to Subfamily

Adixoa Hampson, 1893

3

Adixoana Strand, 1913

1

Agriomelissa Meyrick, 1931

1

Alonina Walker, 1856

3

Anaudia Wallengren, 1863

1

Aschistophleps Hampson, 1893

3

Augangela Meyrick, 1932

1

Caudicornia Bryk, 1947

1

Conopyga Felder, 1861

1

Echidgnathia Hampson, 1919

1

Ecrectica Walker, 1865

1

Erismatica Meyrick, 1933

1

Grypopalpia Hampson, 1919

1

Gymnosophistis Meyrick, 1934

1

Heterosphecia Le Cerf, 1916

4

Homogyna Le Cerf, 1911

9

Hovaesia Le Cerf, 1957

1

Hymenosphecia Le Cerf, 1917

1

Idiopogon Meyrick, 1934

1

Isocylindra Meyrick, 1930

1

Isothamnis Meyrick, 1935

1

Lenyra Walker, 1856

2

Lenyrhova Le Cerf, 1957

1

Leuthneria Dalla Torre, 1925

1

Macroscelesia Hampson, 1919

1

Macrotarsipus Hampson, 1893

4

Megalosphecia Le Cerf, 1916

2

Melanosphecia Le Cerf, 1916

4

Melisophista Meyrick, 1927

1

Nyctaegeria Le Cerf, 1914

1

Oligophlebiella Strand, 1916

1

Pedalonina Gaede, 1929

1

Proaegeria Le Cerf, 1916

1

Rodolphia Le Cerf, 1911

1

Similipepsis Le Cerf, 1911

4

Sphecosesia Hampson, 1910

4

Thamnoscelis Meyrick, 1928

1

Thyranthrene Hampson, 1919

3

Trichobaptes Holland, 1893

1

Trilochana Moore, 1879

7

Tyrictaca Walker, 1862

2

Uranothyris Meyrick, 1933

1

Xenoses Durrant, 1924

1

Checklist of Sesiidae

Subfamily TINTHIINAE

Pennisetia Dehne, 1850:28 [P. anomala Dehne, 1850 (= Sesia hylaeiformis Laspeyres, 1801)]

Bembecia of authors [not Bembecia Hübner, 1819]

Anthrenoptera Swinhoe, 1892:35 [Sphecia contracta Walker, 1856]

Lophocnema Turner, 1917:78 [L. eusphyra Turner, 1917]

Diapyra Turner, 1917:79 [Sesia igniflua Lucas, 1894]

Glossecia Hampson, 1919:113 [Sesia igniflua Lucas, 1894]

P

bohemica Králíimagesek and Povolný, 1974:164

P

contracta (Walker, 1856:11), Sphecia
fixseni (Leech, 1889a:591), Sphecia

NL

eucheripennis Boisduval, [1875]:384

A

eusphyra (Turner, 1917:79), Lophocnema

P

hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801:14), Sesia

hyleiformis [sic] (Duponchel, 1835:129), Sesia [misspelling]

anomala Dehne, 1850:28

A

igniflua (Lucas, 1894:133), Sesia

N

marginata (Harris, 1839:303), Trochilium
pleciaeformis (Walker, 1856:40), Aegeria
odyneripennis (Walker, 1856:42), Aegeria
rubi (Riley, 1874:111), Aegeria
flavipes (Hulst, 1881:76), Sesiavariety albicoma (Hulst, 1883:9), Bembecia

P

pectinata (Staudinger, 1887c:167), Sesia

Rectala Bryk, 1947:103 [R. asyliformis Bryk, 1947]

P

asyliformis Bryk, 1947:104

Tinthia Walker, [1865]:23 [T. varipes Walker, 1865]

Soronia Moore, 1877:83 [S. cuprealis Moore, 1877; preoccupied, Erichson, 1843 (Coleoptera)]

Ceratocorema Hampson, [1893a]:200 [C. posteristatum Hampson, 1893]

O

cuprealis (Moore, 1877:84), Soronia

O

cymbalistis Meyrick, 1926a:268

O

mesatma Meyrick, 1926a:269

O

postcristata (Hampson, [1893a]:200), Ceratocorema

O

ruficollaris (Pagenstecher, 1900:21), Paranthrene

O

varipes Walker, [1865]:24

A

xanthospila Hampson, 1919:115
xanthopila [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:183 [misspelling]

Paradoxecia Hampson, 1919:114 [Aegeria gravis Walker, 1865]

O

croconeura (Meyrick, 1926a:267), Paranthrene

O

gravis (Walker, [1865]:12), Aegeria

O

pieli Lieu, 1935:190

Paranthrenopsis Le Cerf, 1911c:302 [P. harmandi Le Cerf, 1911 (= Tinthia editha Butler, 1878)]

Entrichella Bryk, 1947:102 [E. pogonias Bryk, 1947]

P

editha (Butler, 1878:61), Tinthia
harmandi Le Cerf, 1911c:302

P

pogonias (Bryk, 1947:103), Entrichella

Microsphecia Bartel, 1912:414 [Sphinx tineiformis Esper, 1789; new status]

P

tineiformis (Esper, [1789]:9), Sphinx
aselliformis (Rossi, 1794:16), Sesia
brosiformis (Hübner, [1808-13]: pl. 25: fig. 116), Sphinx

O

suisharyonis Strand, [1917a]: 152

Neotinthia Hampson, 1919:115 [N. semihyalina Hampson, 1919]

O

semihyalina Hampson, 1919:115

Bombosceles Meyrick, 1930a:260 [B. cyanomyia Meyrick, 1930]

NL

cyanomyia Meyrick, 1930a: 260

Zenodoxus Grote and Robinson, 1868:184 [Z. maculipes Grote and Robinson, 1868]

O

aurantia Hampson, 1919:118

N

canescens H. Edwards, 1881:205
race sidae Engelhardt, 1946:199

P

constricta (Butler, 1878:61), Tinthia
pernix (Matsumura, 1931a: 1016), Paranthrene
shakojianus Matsumura, 1931a: 1018

P

dorsalis Le Cerf, 1914b:272
form obscura Le Cerf, 1914b:274

P

esakii Yano, 1960:235

O

flavicincta Hampson, 1919:119

N

heucherae H. Edwards, 1881:205
potentillae H. Edwards, 1881:205

P

hoplisiformis (Mann, 1864:176), Paranthrene

P

issikii Yano, 1960:236

N

maculipes Grote and Robinson, 1868:184

N

mexicanus Beutenmüller, 1897:216

P

myrmosaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:59), Paranthrena [sic]

variety lucida (Lederer, 1853:68), Paranthrena [sic]
[nomen nudum]

myrmosiformis (Staudinger, 1856:336), Sesia [emendation]

myrmosiformis [sic] variety cingulata (Staudinger, 1870:100), Paranthrene

N,NL

palmii (Neumoegen, 1891:108), Larunda

palmiana (Dalla Torre, 1925:160), Paranthrene [replacement name]

wissadulae Engelhardt, 1946:195

race sphaeralceae Engelhardt, 1946:198

race incanae Engelhardt, 1946:198

O

proxima (Le Cerf, 1916b: 11), Trichocerota

N,NL

rubens Engelhardt, 1946:200
canescens race bexari Engelhardt, 1946:200

N

sidalceae Engelhardt, 1946:196

O

taiwanellus Matsumura, 1931a:1018

P

trifasciatus Yano, 1960:237

Trichocerota Hampson, [1893a]:199 [T. ruficincta Hampson, 1893]

Trichocerata [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:183 [misspelling]

O

antigama Meyrick, 1926a:270

E

bicolor (Le Cerf, 1917:372), Zenodoxus

O

brachythyra Hampson, 1919:118

O

cupreipennis (Walker, [1865]:11), Aegeria

O

diplotima Meyrick, 1926a:269

O

dizona Hampson, 1919:117

O

erythranches Meyrick, 1926a:269

O

fulvistriga Hampson, 1919:117

O

intervenata Hampson, 1919:117

E

lambornella (Durrant, [1914]:513), Tinthia

O

leiaeformis (Walker, 1856:58), Aegeria

O

linozona Meyrick, 1926a:269

O

radians Hampson, 1919:116

O

ruficincta Hampson, [1893a]: 199

O

spilogastra (Le Cerf, 1916b: 11), Tinthia

O

univitta Hampson, 1900:44

Sophona Walker, 1856:60 [S. halictipennis Walker, 1856]

NL

halictipennis Walker, 1856:60

NL

h. flavizonata Zukowsky, 1937:1259

Ficivora Clarke, 1962:383 [F. leucoteles Clarke, 1962]

NL

leucoteles Clarke, 1962:387

Myrmecosphecia Le Cerf, 1917:374 [M. lemoulti Le Cerf, 1917]

NL

lemoulti Le Cerf, 1917:375
le moulti Le Cerf, 1917:375 [incorrect spacing]

Subfamily PARANTHRENINAE

Cissuvora Engelhardt, 1946:134 [C. ampelopsis Engelhardt, 1946]

N

ampelopsis Engelhardt, 1946:134

Paranthrene Hübner, [1819]: 128 [Sphinx tabaniformis Rottemburg, 1775]

Memythrus Newman, 1832b:53 [Sphinx vespiformis Newman, 1832; (= Sphinx tabaniformis Rottemburg, 1775)]

Paranthrena Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:58 [emendation]

Sciapteron Staudinger, 1854:43 [Sphinx asiliformis
Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775 (= Sphinx tabaniformis Rottemburg, 1775)]

Tarsa Walker, 1856:61 [T. bombyciformis
Walker, 1856
(= Sesia asilipennis Boisduval, 1829–38)]

Pseudosesia Felder, 1861:28 [P. insularis Felder, 1861]

Pseudosetia [sic] Boisduval, [1875]:461 [misspelling]

Pramila Moore, 1879b:9 [P. atkinsoni Moore, 1879]

Fatua H. Edwards, 1882b:97 [Trochilium denudatum
Harris, 1839 (= Sesia asilipennis Boisduval, 1829–38);
preoccupied, Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera)]

Phlogothauma Butler, 1882:237 [P. scintillans Butler, 1882; new synonymy]

Sciapterum Bartel, 1912:376 [emendation]

Paranthrenella Strand, [1916]:47 [Paranthrene
(Paranthrenella) formosicola Strand, 1916]

Sciopterum [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:154 [misspelling]

Pseudosecia [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:187 [misspelling]

Nokono Matsumura, 1931b:11 [Paranthrene
(Nokono) yezonica Matsumura, 1931 (= Sciapteron regale
Butler, 1878)]

Leptocimbicina Bryk, 1947:100 [L. aurivena Bryk, 1947]

O

affinis Rothschild, 1911:46

E

africana (Le Cerf, 1917:325), Albuna

O

albifrons Hampson, 1919:103

E

anthrax Le Cerf, 1916b:11

H,NL

asilipennis (Boisduval, 1829–38: pl. 84: fig. 3), Sesia denudatum (Harris, 1839:310), Trochilium asilipennis (Boisduval, [1844]:496), Sesia [text]vespipenne (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854:57), Trochilium bombyciformis (Walker, 1856:61), Tarsa vespipennis (Boisduval, [1875]:393), Sesia [new synonymy]

championi (Druce, 1883:29), Sphecia

O

atkinsoni (Moore, 1879b:9), Pramila atcinsoni Hampson, 1919:102 [emendation]

P

aurantiaca (Rebel, 1917:274), Sciapteron aurantiarum
[sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:189 [index; misspelling]

O

auricollis (Hampson, [1893a]: 198), Adixoa

O

aurifera Hampson, 1919:105

P

aurivena (Bryk, 1947:100), Leptocimbicina

O,P

bicincta (Walker, [1865]: 12), Aegeria

O

caeruleimicans (Hampson, [1893a]:192), Sciapteron

O

cambodialis (Walker, [1865]:15), Sannina

O

canarensis Hampson, 1919:103

E

chalcochlora Hampson, 1919:101

O

charlesi Le Cerf, 1916b:10

O

chinensis (Leech, 1889b: 121), Sciapteron

regale (Leech, 1889a:591), Sciapteron [not Sciapteron regale Butler, 1878]

O

chrysochloris (Hampson, 1897:283), Trilochana metallica
(van Eecke, 1915:276), Sciapteron [not Sciapteron metallica Hampson, 1893]

O

chrysoidea Zukowsky, 1932:317

O

cupreivitta (Hampson, [1893a]:193), Sciapteron

E

cuprescens Hampson, 1919:106

O

cyanogama Meyrick, 1930b:584

O

cyanopis Durrant, 1915:166

P

davidi Le Cerf, 1917:259

O

dohertyi (Rothschild, 1911:47), Ichneumenoptera

N

dollii (Neumoegen, 1894:330), Sciapteron
variety castaneum Beutenmüller, 1897:213), Sciapteron

form fasciventris Engelhardt, 1946:142

E

dybowskii (Le Cerf, 1917:324), Albuna

N,NL

fenestrata Barnes and Lindsey, 1922:122

P

feralis (Leech, 1889a:591), Sciapteron
daisensis Matsumura, 1931a:1016

P

fervida (Lederer, 1855:182), Sesia

variety ponticum (Staudinger, 1891:241), Sciapteron

variety subfervidum (Staudinger, 1891:241), Sciapteron

variety transcaucasicum (Staudinger, 1891:242), Sciapteron

O

flammans (Hampson, [1893a]:191), Sciapteron

O

flavifrons Hampson, 1919:103

O

formosicola Strand, [1916]:47

O

gracilis (Swinhoe, 1890:168), Sciapteron

O

grotei (Moore, 1879a:414), Pseudosesia

O

henrici Le Cerf, 1916b: 10

O

heterodesma Diakonoff, [1968]:230

O

hyalochrysa Diakonoff, 1954:190

P

insolitus Le Cerf, 1914d:422

O

insularis (Felder, 1861:28), Pseudosesia productalis (Walker, [1865]:19), Melittia

O

iridina Bryk, 1947:107

O

javana Le Cerf, 1916b:10

O

lecerfi Hampson, 1919:109

O

leucocera Hampson, 1919:107

O

limpida Le Cerf, 1916b:10

E

lodimana (Strand, 1918:46), Sciapteron [new combination]

O

meeki (Druce, 1898:207), Sciapteron
meeci Hampson, 1919:108 [emendation]

E

mesothyris Hampson, 1919:107
merothyris [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:160, [misspelling]

O

metallica (Hampson, [1893a]:193), Sciapteron

O

metaxantha Hampson, 1919:109

O

microthyris Hampson, 1919:108

O

minuta (Swinhoe, 1890:171), Pramila

P

“nana” Lederer, 1853:68, Paranthrena [sic]
[nomennudum; unknown species]

O

noblei (Swinhoe, 1890:166), Sciapteron
jucunda (Swinhoe, 1890:167), Sciapteron

O

oberthueri Le Cerf, 1916b: 10
oberthüri Le Cerf, 1916b: 10 [incorrect spelling]

O

opalescens Hampson, 1919:104

O

panorpaeformis (Boisduval, [1875]:393), Sesia

N

pellucida Greenfield and Karandinos, 1979:499

O

pentazonata Hampson, 1919:102

O,P

pernix (Leech, 1889a:592), Bembecia
hirayamai Matsumura, 1931a:1016

O

pilamicola Strand, [1916]:47

O

poecilocephala Diakonoff, [1968]:232

P

polonica Schnaider, [1939]:143

O

pompilus Bryk, 1947:101

O

powondrae Dalla Torre, 1925:161 [replacement
name for Paranthrene tricincta Wileman and South, 1918]

tricincta Willeman and South, 1918:169 [not Aegeria tricincta Harris, 1839]

E

propyria Hampson, 1919:101

O

pulchripennis (Walker, 1862b:82), Sannina
ambigua (Snellen, 1900:36), Melittia
andamana Le Cerf, 1916b:10

P

purpurea Yano, 1965:6

E

pythes (Druce, 1899:204), Aegeria

O

rangoonensis (Swinhoe, 1890:165), Aegeria

O,P

regalis (Butler, 1878:60), Sciapteron
yezonica Matsumura, 1931a:1017

N,NL

robiniae (H. Edwards, 1880:72), Sciapteron
perlucida (Busck, 1915:80), Memythrus
form palescens Engelhardt, 1946:144

O

rufifinis (Walker, 1862b:82), Sannina
celebica Le Cerf, 1916b:10

E

sanguipennis Meyrick, 1926a:267

O

scintillans (Butler, 1882:238), Phlogothauma [new combination]

O

semidiaphana Zukowsky, 1929b:36

O

sesiiformis Moore, 1858:385

O

sikkima (Moore, 1879b:9), Sciapteron
siccima Hampson, 1919:109 [emendation]

NL

silvai Köhler, 1953:21

N

simulans (Grote, 1881a:78), Trochilium
palmii (H. Edwards, 1887:145), Fatua
luggeri (H. Edwards, 1891:108), Trochilium

H

tabaniformis (Rottemburg, 1775:110), Sphinx

asiliformis ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775:305), Sphinx [not Sphinx asiliformis Rottemburg, 1775]

rhingiaeformis (Hübner, 1790:89), Sphinx

crabroniformis (Laspeyres, 1801:11), Sesia [not
Sphinx crabroniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775]

vespiformis (Newman, 1832a:1), Sphinx [not Sphinx vespiformis Linnaeus, 1761]

tricincta (Harris, 1839:310), Aegeria

serratiformis (Freyer, 1842:130), Sesia

synagriformis (Rambur, [1866]:148), Sesia

tabaniforme variety kungessana (Alpheraky, 1882: 20), Sciapteron

denotata (H. Edwards, 1882a:55), Albuna

rhingiaeformis variety intermedia Le Cerf, 1916a: 16 form annulifera Closs, 1920:13

aberration diaphana Schawerda, 1921:165

tricinctas [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:168 [misspelling]

tricincta form oslari Engelhardt, 1946:140

E

thalassina Hampson, 1919:101

O

tristis Le Cerf, 1917:261

O

trizonata (Hampson, 1900:43), Sciapteron

E

xanthopyga Hampson, 1919:101

E

xanthosoma (Hampson, 1910a:154), Sciapteron

O

zoneiventris Le Cerf, 1916b: 10

zonaventris [sic] Le Cerf, 1917:260 [misspelling]

O

zygophora Hampson, 1919:109

Paranthrenina Bryk, 1947:106 [P. myrmekomorpha Bryk, 1947]

O

myrmekomorpha Bryk, 1947:106

Vitacea Engelhardt, 1946:151 [Aegeria polistiformis Harris, 1854]

N,NL

admiranda (H. Edwards, 1882a:54), Sciapteron
admirantus [sic] (Le Cerf, 1917:311), Paranthrene [misspelling]

N

cupressi (H. Edwards, 1881:183), Sciapteron

N

polistiformis (Harris, 1854:216), Aegeria
seminole (Neumoegen, 1894:330), Sciapteron
form huron Engelhardt, 1946:154

N

scepsiformis (H. Edwards, 1881:183), Sciapteron

Alburia H. Edwards, 1881:186 [Aegeria hylotomiformis Walker, 1856 (= Aegeria pyramidalis Walker, 1856)]

Harmonia H.
Edwards, 1882a:54 [H. morrisoni H. Edwards, 1882 (= Carmenta Fraxini H. Edwards,
1881); preoccupied, Mulsant, 1846
(Coleoptera); Haswell, 1879, (Crustacea); and Hartmann, 1881 (Mollusca)]

Parharmonia Beutenmüller, 1894a:89 [Harmonia morrisoni H. Edwards, 1882; replacement name for Harmonia H. Edwards, 1882]

A

carulifera (Hampson, 1919:108), Paranthrene
coracodes (Turner, 1922:61), Trochilium
caerulifera (Turner, 1922:62), Trochilium [emendation]

N

fraxini (H. Edwards, 1881:185), Carmenta
morrisoni (H. Edwards, 1882a:55), Harmonia
morrisonii [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:158 [misspelling]
form vitriosa Engelhardt, 1946:169

A

isozona (Meyrick, 1886b:689), Sesia

A

oberthueri (Le Cerf, 1916b:10), Phlogothauma

oberthüri (Le Cerf, 1916b:10), Phlogothauma [incorrect spelling]

terribile (Turner, 1917:81), Sciapteron

terrible [sic] (Duckworth and Eichlin, 1974:19),
Sciapteron [misspelling]

N

pyramidalis (Walker, 1856:40), Aegeria
hylotomiformis (Walker, 1856:43), Aegeria
nomadaepennis (Boisduval, 1869:63), Sesia
rubescens (Hulst, 1881:76), Sesia
montana H. Edwards, 1881:188
tanaceti H. Edwards, 1881:188
vancouverensis H. Edwards, 1881:188
coloradensis H. Edwards, 1881:189
torva H. Edwards, 1881:189
beutenmuelleri Skinner, 1903:126
beutenmülleri Skinner, 1903:126 [incorrect spelling]

A

zoniota (Turner, 1922:62), Paranthrene
zonionota [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:169 [misspelling]

Euhagena H. Edwards, 1881:180 [E. nebraskae H. Edwards, 1881]

Larunda H. Edwards, 1881:182 [L. solituda H.
Edwards, 1881 (= Aegeria emphytiformis Walker, 1856; preoccupied, Leach, 1815 (Crustacea);
Hübner, 1823 (Geometridae)]

Gaea Beutenmüller, 1896:115 [Larunda solituda H.
Edwards, 1881; replacement name for Larunda
H. Edwards, 1881]

E

callipleura Meyrick, 1932b:338

N,NL

emphytiformis (Walker, 1856:43), Aegeria solituda
(H. Edwards, 1881:182), Larunda

NL

erasmia Zukowsky, 1950:23

O

leucozona (Hampson, 1919:63), Gaea [new combination]

NL

lilloi Köhler, 1941:6

N,NL

nebraskae H. Edwards, 1881:181
coloradensis (Beutenmüller, 1893:25), Pyrrhotaenia
form mormoni Engelhardt, 1946:171
form intensa Engelhardt, 1946:172

E

nobilis (Druce, 1910a:401), Aegeria

O

variegata (Walker, [1865]:24), Tinthia [new combination]

Sincara Walker, 1856:61 [S. eumeniformis Walker, 1856]

NL

alopecura Zukowsky, 1937:1258

NL

cambyses Druce, 1884:33

NL

confusa Butler, 1874:409

NL

crassicornis Walker, [1865]:7

NL

eumeniformis Walker, 1856:62

NL

lytea Druce, 1884:33

NL

maeonia Druce, 1889:81

NL

manilia Druce, 1889:82

NL

manoba Druce, 1889:82

NL

phyllis Druce, 1884:33

Tirista Walker, [1865]:22 [T. argentifrons Walker, 1865]

NL

argentifrons Walker, [1865]:22

NL

praxila Druce, 1896:325

Sura Walker, 1856:65 [S. xylocopiformis Walker, 1856]
Sara [sic] Druce, 1882:15 [misspelling]

E

bicolor Le Cerf, 1917:271
xylocopiformis Le Cerf, 1916b:11 [not Sura xylocopiformis Walker, 1856]

O

chalybea Butler, 1876:309
coeruleonitens (Rothschild, 1912:122), Sphecia
caeruleonitens [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925: 121), Sphecia [misspelling]

O

cyanea Hampson, 1919:99

O

cyanolampra Diakonoff, [1968]:229

E

ellenbergeri (Le Cerf, 1917:319), Episannina

O

ignicauda (Hampson, [1893a]:191), Trilochana

E

lampadura Meyrick, 1935:558

E

melanochalcia (Le Cerf, 1917:319), Episannina

O

phoenicia Hampson, 1919:99

O

pryeri Druce, 1882:15

E

pyrocera Hampson, 1919:98

E

ruficauda (Rothschild, 1911:46), Aegeria

E

rufitibia Hampson, 1919:98

O

tetrapora Diakonoff, [1968]:228

O

uncariae Schneider, 1940:116

E

xylocopiformis Walker, 1856:65

Subfamily SESIINAE

Melittia Hübner, [1819]:128 [M. anthedoniformis Hübner, 1819 (= Sphinx bombiliformis Cramer, 1782)]

Eumallopoda Wallengren, 1858:84 [E. laniremis Wallengren, 1858]

Parasa Wallengren, 1863:137 [P. aureosquamata Wallengren, 1863; preoccupied, Moore, 1858 (Limacodidae)]

Pansa Wallengren, 1865:9 [Parasa aureosquamata Wallengren, 1863; replacement name for Parasa Wallengren, 1863]

Poderis Boisduval, [1875]:433 [Melittia anthedoniformis Hübner, 1819; unavailable by publication in synonymy]

Melitha [sic] Kirby, 1879:145 [misspelling]

Melitta [sic] Druce, 1892:276 [misspelling]

Premelittia Le Cerf, 1916b:9 [P. rufescens Le Cerf, 1916]

Neosphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:9 [N. combusta Le Cerf, 1916]

Melittina Le Cerf, 1917:239 [M. nigra Le Cerf, 1917]

E

abyssiniensis Hampson, 1919:95

E

acosmetes Hampson, 1919:86

E

aethiopica Le Cerf, 1917:227

E

amblyphaea Hampson, 1919:86

A,O

amboinensis Felder, 1861:28
meeki Le Cerf, 1916b:8
celebica Le Cerf, 1916b:8
javana Le Cerf, 1916b:8
doddi Le Cerf, 1916b:8
variety asiatica Le Cerf, 1917:197
thaumasia Turner, 1917:81

O

a. erythrina Diakonoff, 1954:188

NL

arcangelii Giacomelli, 1911:29
arcangeli [sic] Anon., 1918:158 [misspelling]

O

astarte (Westwood, 1848:61), Trochilium

E

aureosquamata (Wallengren, 1863:137), Parasa
variety houlberti Le Cerf, 1917:233

E

auriplumia Hampson, 1910c:506
laboissierei Le Cerf, 1917:229

E

aurociliata (Aurivillius, 1879:47), Pansa

E

azrael Le Cerf, 1914a:61
azraël Le Cerf, 1914a:61 [incorrect spelling]

O

batchiana Le Cerf, 1917:190

NL

bergii H. Edwards, 1883:157

O

binghami Niceville, 1900:174
burmana Le Cerf, 1916b:8

O, P

bombiliformis (Cramer, 1782:241), Sphinx

bombyliformis (Cramer 1782:248 [index]), Sphinx [emendation]

chalciformis (Fabricius, 1793:382), Sesia

anthedoniformis Hübner, [1819]:128

bombylipennis Boisduval, [1875]:473

arrecta Meyrick, 1918b:181

E

boulleti Le Cerf, 1917:222

NL

brabanti Le Cerf, 1917:212

E

brevicornus Aurivillius, 1905:43

NL

butleri Druce, 1883:32

N,NL

calabaza Duckworth and Eichlin, 1973b:151

O

callosoma Hampson, 1910b:92

E

chalconota Hampson, 1910a:149
congoana Le Cerf, 1916b:8

A

chalybescens Miskin, 1892:59
proserpina Hampson, 1919:92

NL

chimana Le Cerf, 1916b:9

E

chrysobapta Hampson, 1919:86

O

chrysogaster Walker, [1865]:16

NL

combusta (Le Cerf, 1916b:9), Neosphecia

O

congruens Swinhoe, 1890:169
dorsatiformis Hampson, 1891:43

N,NL

cucurbitae (Harris, 1828:33), Aegeria [revised status]
satyriniformis Hübner, [1827–1831]:17 [new synonymy]
ceto (Westwood, 1848:62) Trochilium
amoena H. Edwards, 1882a:53
satyriformis [sic] Englehardt, 1946:183 [misspelling]

NL

cyaneifera Walker, 1856:67
cyanifera [sic] H. Edwards, 1883:157 [misspelling]
variety reducta Le Cerf, 1917:218

O

dichroipus Hampson, 1919:90

O

distincta Le Cerf, 1916b:8

NL

dolens Druce, 1899:205

E

ectothyris Hampson, 1919:94

O

elaea Hampson, 1919:89

E

endoxantha Hampson, 1919:85

O

eurytion (Westwood, 1848:62), Trochilium
strigipennis Walker, [1865]:17
aberration microfenestrata Strand, [1916]:45

O

flaviventris Hampson, 1919:91

O

formosana Matsumura, 1911:86

NL

funesta Le Cerf, 1917:164

P

gephyra Amsel, 1935:277

O

gigantea Moore, 1879a:413
humerosa Swinhoe, 1892:38

O

g. tigripes Diakonoff, 1954:187

N,NL

gloriosa H. Edwards, 1880:71

superba Barnes and Lindsey, 1922:122 [not Melittia superba Rothschild, 1909]

lindseyi Barnes and Benjamin, 1925:14 [replacement name for
Melittia superba Barnes and Lindsey, 1922]

bamesi Dalla Torre, 1925:138 [replacement name for Melittia superba Barnes and Lindsey, 1922]

N,NL

grandis (Strecker, 1881:156), Trochilium
beckeri Druce, 1892:276
variety hermosa Engelhardt, 1946:186

E

haematopis Fawcett, 1916:736

O

hampsoni Beutenmüller, 1894b:365 [replacement name for Melittia grandis Hampson, 1893]

grandis Hampson, [1893a]:203 [not Trochilium grandis Strecker, 1881]

NL

hervei Le Cerf, 1917:166

E

hyaloxantha Meyrick, 1928d:467

NL

imperator Rothschild, 1911:45

O

indica Butler, 1874:411 bombyliformis Walker, 1856:69 [not Sphinx bombyliformis Cramer, 1782]
sumatrana Le Cerf, 1916b:8

E

iridisquama Mabille, 1890:34

viridisquama [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:149 [misspelling]

P

japona Hampson, 1919:91

eurytion Bartel, 1912:379 [not Trochilium eurytion Westwood, 1848]

NL

josepha Le Cerf, 1916b:8

O

khmer Le Cerf, 1917:161
chmer Hampson, 1919:93 [emendation]

O

kulluana Moore, 1888:392
kuluana [sic] Bartel, 1912:379 [misspelling]

NL

lagopus Boisduval, [1875]:475

E

laniremis (Wallengren, 1858:84), Eumallopoda

laniremis (Wallengren, 1860:41), Eumallopoda [redescription]

lanireniis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:145 [misspelling]

NL

latimargo Butler, 1874:410

E

lentistriata Hampson, 1919:93

O

leucogaster Hampson, 1919:90

NL

louisa Le Cerf, 1916b:9

O

madureae Le Cerf, 1916b:7

N,NL

magnifica Beutenmüller, [1900a]: 151

O

marangana Le Cerf, 1916b:8

O

moluccaensis Hampson, 1919:89

E

natalensis Butler, 1874:411
aenescens Butler, 1896:134
variety occidentali Le Cerf, 1917:167

O

nepcha Moore, 1879b: 10

nepeha [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:146 [misspelling]

O

n. xanthodes Diakonoff, 1954:180

O

newara Moore, 1879b: 10

NL

nigra (Le Cerf, 1917:239), Melitima

O

notabihs Swinhoe, 1890:168

NL

oberthuen Le Cerf, 1916b:9
oberthür Le Cerf, 1916b:9 [incorrect spelling]

E

oedipus Oberthür, 1878:30
ignidiscata Hampson, 1910c:507
oedipoides Strand, [1913]:68
ignidiscata aberration thoracalis Strand, [1917c]: 11
oedippus [sic] Le Cerf, 1917:229 [misspelling]

NL

pauper Le Cerf, 1916b:9

O

pellecta Swinhoe, 1890:169

O

phorcus (Westwood, 1848:62), Trochilium

NL

pomponia Le Cerf, 191lc:297

NL

powelli Le Cerf, 1917:210
variety chrysescens Schade, 1939:230

O

proxima Le Cerf, 1917:186

NL

pulchripes Walker, 1856:67

NL

p. dangeloi Köhler, 1941:10
d'angeloi Köhler, 1941:10 [incorrect spacing]

E

pyropis Hampson, 1919:84

NL

nograndensis Brethes, 1920:284

NL

rufescens (Le Cerf, 1916b:9) Premelittia

E

rufodorsa Hampson, 1910a: 150

NL

rugia Druce, 1910b:180

O

rutilipes Walker, [1865]:16

O

sangaica Moore, 1877:84

NL

scoliiformis Schade, 1938:471

O

siamica Walker, [1865]:18

NL

smithi Druce, 1889:81

N,NL

snowii H. Edwards, 1882a:53

O

staudingeri Boisduval, [1875]:478

indica Le Cerf, 1916b:8 [not Melittia indica Butler, 1874]

NL

sulphureopyga Le Cerf, 1916b:8

NL

superba Rothschild, 1909:132

O

tabanus Le Cerf, 1916b:9

NL

tayuyana Bruch, 1941:161

E

tibialis (Drury, 1773:49, index page 1), Sphinx

NL

umbrosa Zukowsky, 1936b:1251

E

ursipes Walker, 1856:68

hirtipes (Boisduval, [1875]:475), Poderis [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

E

usambara Le Cerf, 1917:231

E

victrix Le Cerf, 1916b:9

O

volalilis Swinhoe, 1890:169

E

xanthogaster Hampson, 1919:94

NL

xanthopus Le Cerf, 1916b:9

Desmopoda Felder, 1874:4 [D. bombiformis Felder, 1874]

O

bombiformis Felder, 1874:4

Sesia Fabricius, 1775:547 [[Sphinx] apiformis Clerck, 1759]

Trochilium Scopoli, 1777:414 [Sphinx apiformis
Linnaeus, 1761 (= [Sphinx] apiformis Clerck, 1759)]

Aegeria Fabricius, 1807a:288 [[Sphinx] apiformis Clerck, 1759]

Aegeria Fabricius, 1807b:18 [[phinx] apiformis Clerck, 1759; redescription]

Setia Oken, 1815:745 [rejected, ICZN, 1956]

Sphecia Hübner, [1819]:127 [Sphinx crabroniformis
Lewin, 1797 (= Sphinx bembeciformis Hübner, 1803–06);
not Sphinx crabroniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775]

Setia Meigen, 1830:103 [emendation]

Sometia [sic] Meigen, 1830:115 [misspelling]

Trochilum [sic] Walker, 1854:3 [misspelling]

Trochilia Speyer & Speyer, 1858:327 [emendation; preoccupied, Dujardin, 1840 (Ciliata)]

Sphecodoptera Hampson, [1893a]:189 [Sphecia repanda Walker, 1856]

Glossosphecia Hampson, 1919:83 [Sphecia contaminata Butler, 1878]

Aegina [sic] Sherborn, 1922:6583 [misspelling]

Sphecoptera [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:121 [misspelling]

Eusphecia Le Cerf, 1937b: 106 [Sesia pimplaeformis Oberthür, 1872]

Aegenia [sic] Anon., 1966:81 [misspelling]

P

agalhiformts (Walker, 1856:34), Aegeria

P

albanensis Rebel, 1918:86

H

apiformis (Clerck, 1759: pl. 9: fig. 2), [Sphinx]

apiformis (Linnaeus, 1761:289), Sphinx

vespiformis (Hufnagel, 1766:184), Sphinx [not
Sphinx vespiformis Linnaeus, 1761]

crabroniformis ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775:44), Sphinx

sireciformis (Esper, 1782:208), Sphinx

tenebrioniformis (Esper, 1782:209), Sphinx

vespa (Retzius, 1783:33), Sphinx

aberration brunnea (Caflisch, 1889:269), Trochilum [sic]

aberration caflischii (Standfuss, 1892:369), Trochilium

aberration caflischi [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:131), Aegeria [misspelling]

aberration rhodani (Mouterde, 1954:24), Aegeria

P

asamaensis (Hampson, 1919:81), Sphecia [new combination]

asamaiensis [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:121), Sphecia [misspelling]

P

bembeciformts (Hübner, [1803–1806]: pl. 20: fig. 98), Sphinx
crabroniformis (Lewin, 1797:2), Sphinx [not Sphinx crabroniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775]
crabroniformis aberration incognita (Strand, [1927]:282), Aegeria
crabroniforme variety orophila (Zukowsky, 1929a:20), Sphecia
form fumosa (Lempke, 1961:175), Sphecia

P

contaminata (Butler, 1878:59), Sphecia

P

corcyrensis Rebel, 1918:86

P

dasypodiformis (Walker, 1856:12), Sphecia

P

Jlavicollis (Hampson, [1893a]:190), Sphecodoptera

P

gloriosa (Le Cerf, 1914d:421), Aegeria [new combination]
mandarina (Le Cerf, 1916b: 13), Sphecia

P

gravest Rebel, 1927:60

O

igmcollis (Hampson, [1893a]:180), Trochilium [new combination]

P

melanocephala Dalman, 1816:217
laphriaeformis (Hübner, [1824–1825]: pl. 35: fig. 156), Sphinx

P

molybdoceps (Hampson, 1919:82), Aegeria

P

mantelli (Löfquist, 1922:82), Aegeria

P

oberthueri (Le Cerf, 1914d:422), Aegeria
oberthüri (Le Cerf, 1914d:422), Aegeria [incorrect spelling]

P

pimplaeformis Oberthür, 1872:486
maculiferum (Staudinger, 1895a:290), Trochilium

P

przewalskii (Alpheraky, 1882:18), Trochilium

O

pugnax (Meyrick, 1926a:266), Trochilium

O

repanda (Walker, 1856:11), Sphecia

P

rhynchioides (Butler, 1881:589), Sphecia

P

romanovi (Leech, 1889a:591), Sphecia
romanowi [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:173 [misspelling]

O

sangaica (Zukowsky, 1932:316), Aegeria [new combination]

P

scribal (Bartel, 1912:379), Sphecia

P

shugnana (Sheljuzhko, 1943:79), Sphecia [new combination]

N

tibialis (Harris, 1839:309), Trochilium

fiavitibia (Walker, 1856:67), Melittia

pacificum (H. Edwards, 1881:180), Trochilium

califomicum (Neumoegen, 1891:108), Trochilium

minimum (Neumoegen, 1891:108), Trochilium

variety dyari (Cockerell, 1908:330), Aegeria

variety anonyma (Strand, 1925:124), Aegeria

variety melanoformis (Engelhardt, 1946:178), Aegeria

P

timur (Grum-Grzhimailo, 1893:385), Trochilium [new combination]

P

yezoensis (Hampson, 1919:81), Aegeria

Toleria Walker, [1865]: 19 [T. abiaeformis Walker, 1865]

O

abiaeformis Walker, [1865]:20

O

sinensis (Walker, [1865]:1), Sphecia

Calasesia Beutenmüller, 1899b:256 [Pyrrhotaenia coccinea Beutenmüller, 1898]

N

coccinea (Beutenmüller, 1898:241), Pyrrhotaenia

Callithia Le Cerf, 1916b:9 [C. oberthueri Le Cerf, 1916]

NL

oberthueri Le Cerf, 1916b:9
oberthüri Le Cerf, 1916b:9 [incorrect spelling]

Osminia Le Cerf, 1917:327 [O. ferruginea Le Cerf, 1917]

Signaphora Engelhardt, 1946:131 [Carmenta ruficornis H. Edwards, 1881]

NL

ferruginea Le Cerf, 1917:328

N,NL

ruficornis (H. Edwards, 1881:184), Carmenta
minuta (H. Edwards, 1881:185), Carmenta
candescens (H. Edwards, 1882c:123), Aegeria marcia (Druce, 1889:81), Tarsopoda

Kemnenella Bryk, 1947:96 [K. malaiseorum Bryk, 1947]

O

malaiseorum Bryk, 1947:96

Synanthedon Hübner, [1819]:129 [Sphinx oestriformis Rottemburg, 1775 (= Sphinx vespiformis Linnaeus, 1761)]

Conopia Hübner, [1819]:129 [Sphinx stomoxiformis Hübner, 1790]

Austrosetia Felder, 1874:2 [A. semirufa Felder, 1874]

Teinotarsina Felder, 1874:9 [Sesia longipes Felder, 1861]

Pyrrhotaenia Grote, 1875:174 [P. floridensis Grote, 1875 (= Aegeria sapygaeformis Walker, 1856)]

Ichneumenoptera Hampson, [1893a]:187 [I. auripes Hampson, 1893]

Vespamima Beutenmüller, 1894a:87 [Bembecia sequoiae H. Edwards, 1881]

Sanninoidea Beutenmüller, 1896:126 [Aegeria exitiosa Say, 1823]

Thamnosphecia Spuler, 1910:308 [Sphinx culiciformis Linnaeus, 1758]

Canopia [sic] Wileman and South, 1918:169 [misspelling]

Scabisa Matsumura, 193la:1017 [S. taikanensis Matsumura, 1931] Ramosia Engelhardt, 1946:22 [Sesia bibionipennis Boisduval, 1869]

Sylvora Engelhardt, 1946:77 [Trochilium acemi Clemens, 1860]

Synathedon [sic] Wolfsberger, 1961:233 [misspelling]

Tipulia Králíimagesek and Povolný, 1977:82 [[Sphinx] (Tipulia) tipuliformis Clerck, 1759]

N

acemi (Clemens, 1860a:14), Trochilium
acencolum (Germadius, 1874:57), Trochilium
tepperi (H. Edwards, 1881:203), Pyrrhotaenia
race buscki (Engelhardt, 1946:79), Sylvora

N

acerrubri Engelhardt, 1925a:64

NL

aequalis (Walker, [1865]:9), Aegeria

E

aericincta (Meyrick, 1928d:466), Aegeria

NL

aerosa Zukowsky, 1936b:1236

P

albamca (Rebel, 1910a:5), Sesia

NL

albicalcarata (Burmeister, 1878:361), Sesia

N

albicornis (H. Edwards, 1881:201), Aegeria

E

alenica (Strand, [1913]:70), Trochilium

N

alleri (Engelhardt, 1946:124), Thamnosphecia

P

andrenaeformis (Laspeyres, 1801:20), Sesia

anthraciniformis (Esper, 1800:29), Sphinx [nomen oblitum; proposed suppression by Kristensen, in press, a]

anlhraciformis [sic] (Esper, 1800: pl. 44: fig. 1–2), Sphinx [misspelling].

andremformis [sic] (Staudinger, 1861:17), Sesia [misspelling]

andraeniformis [sic] (Barrett, 1895:85), Sesia [misspelling]

monedulaeformis Vorbrodt, 1913:434

NL

angarodes (Meyrick, 1921a:443), Sesia
angarides [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:109), Conopia [misspelling]

O

anisozona (Meyrick, 1918b:180), Sesia [new combination]

NL

anomaliformis (Walker, 1856:47), Aegeria

NL

apicalis (Walker, [1865]:8), Aegeria

N

arctica (Beutenmüller, 1900c:277), Sesia

N

arizonensis (Beutenmüller, 1916:372), Gaea

N

arkansasensis Duckworth and Eichlin, 1973b:154

NL

asema Zukowsky, 1936b:1219

P

astragali (Joannis, 1909:183), Sesia

E

astyarcha (Meyrick, 1930b:584), Aegeria

E

aulograpta (Meyrick, 1934a:455), Aegeria

O

aurania (Druce, 1899:205), Ceratocorema

O

aurifera (Hampson, 1919:73), Conopia [new combination]

O

auripes (Hampson, [1893a]:194), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

O

aunplena (Walker, [1865]:13), Aegeria [new combination]
subauratus Le Cerf, 1916b:11

O

auritincta (Wileman and South, 1918:169), Canopia [sic] [new combination]

NL

autremonti Le Cerf, 1917:312

NL

basalis (Walker, [1865]:5), Aegeria

NL

benoisti Le Cerf, 1917:299

E

beutenmuelleri Heppner and Duckworth [new name for Sesia albiventris Beutenmüller, 1899]

albiventris (Beutenmüller, 1899a:171), Sesia [not Sesta albiventris Lederer, 1853]

N

bibionipennis (Boisduval, 1869:64), Sesia
rutilans (H. Edwards, 1881:186), Albuna
lupini (H. Edwards, 1881:192), Aegeria
perplexa (H. Edwards, 1881:192), Aegeria
impropria (H. Edwards, 1881:193), Aegeria
aureola (H. Edwards, 1881:194), Aegeria
neglecta (H. Edwards, 1881:197), Aegeria
washingtonia (H. Edwards, 1881:197), Aegeria
hemizoniae (H. Edwards, 1881:198), Aegeria
madanae (H. Edwards, 1881:201), Aegeria
hemizonae [sic] Smith, 1891:20 [misspelling]

P

bicmgulata (Staudinger, 1887c:165), Sesta

E

bifenestrata Gaede, 1929:521

NL

blaciformis (Walker, 1856:55), Aegeria

N

bolteri (H. Edwards, 1883:155), Aegena

NL

bosqi Köhler, 1941:6
bosqui [sic] Anon., 1972:226 [misspelling]

NL

buprestiformis (Walker, 1856:47), Aegeria

NL

caeruleifascia (Rothschild, 1911:47), Ichneumenoptera

O

caerulipes (Hampson, 1900:43), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

N

canadensis Duckworth and Eichlin, 1973b:157

N

castaneae (Busck, 1913b:102), Sesta

O

catalina Meyrick, 1926a:267

NL

caternaulti Strand, 1925:15

P

cephiformis (Ochsenheimer, 1808:169), Sesia
laspeyres (Herrich-Schäffer, 1852:49), Sesia
fumosa Schütze, 1919:120

NL

ceraca (Druce, 1893:280), Aegeria

NL

cerceriformis (Walker, 1856:49), Aegeria

NL

ceres (Druce, 1883:31), Aegeria

NL

ceropahformis (Walker, 1856:52), Aegena

O

chalybea (Walker, 1862b:82), Aegeria [new combination]

NL

chea (Druce, 1899:203), Aegeria

E

chlorothyris (Meyrick, 1935:557), Aegeria

P

chorogi Sheljuzhko, 1943:80

P

chosensis (Matsumura, 1931a:1013), Conopia [new combination]

N

chrysidipennis (Boisduval, 1869:64), Sesia
tacoma (Beutenmüller, 1898:240), Sesia
race wallowa (Engelhardt, 1946:30), Ramosia

E

chrysonympha (Meyrick, 1932b:336), Aegeria

O

chrysoptera (Hampson, 1919:82), Aegeria [new combination]

O

cirrhozona Diakonoff, [1968]:222

E

citura (Meyrick, 1927b:371), Aegeria

NL

cladiiformis (Walker, 1856:51), Aegeria

O

clavicornis (Walker, [1865]:14), Aegeria [new combination]

NL

coccidivora Duckworth, 1969:487

P

codeti (Oberthür, 1881:67), Sesia
pungi (Oberthür, 1881:67), Sesia

pingi [sic] (Staudinger and Rebel, 1901:402), Sesia [misspelling in synonymy]

inversa Le Cerf, 1916a:16

kabylaria Le Cerf, 1916a:16

aberration atavus Le Cerf, 1920:542

variety maroccana Le Cerf, 1920:543

variety almohades Le Cerf, 1920:544

O

concavifascia Le Cerf, 1916b: 12

P

conopiformis (Esper, 1782: pl. 31: fig. 1–2), Sphinx
conopiformis (Esper, 1783:213), Sphinx [text]
syrphiformis (Hübner, 1796: pl. 8: fig. 50), Sphinx
nomadaeformis (Laspeyres, 1801:27), Sesia
aberration lucasi Le Cerf, 1922b:19

NL

coquimbensis Ureta, 1956:265

NL

corporalis (Meyrick, 1930a:260), Aegeria

P

cretica (Rebel, 1916b: 143), Sesia

P

croaticus Kranjimagesev, 1979:27

NL

croesiformis (Walker, 1856:53), Aegeria

P

cruentata (Mann, 1859:91), Sesia aberration lugubris Ragusa, 1923:213

P

cryptica (Králíimagesek and Povolný, 1977:85), Aegeria [new combination]

NL

cubana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1866:109), Sesia

H

culiciformis (Linnaeus, 1758:493), Sphinx
culex (Retzius, 1783:33), Sphinx
thynniformis (Laspeyres, 1801:21), Sesia
variety americana (Beutenmüller, 1896:136), Sesia
aberration bianulata Bartel, 1902:317

aberration flavocingulata (Spuler, 1910:311), Trochilium

aberration triannulata (Spuler, 1910:311), Trochilium

variety biannulata [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:22 [misspelling]
aberration albocingulata Cockayne, 1955:3

A

cupreifascia (Miskin, 1892:58), Trochilium

E

cyanescens (Hampson, 1910c:505), Ichneumenoptera

E

cyanospira (Meyrick 1928d:465), Aegeria

P

danieli Capuse, 1973:109

P

danubica (Králíimagesek, 1975:1), Aegeria [new combination]

NL

dasyproctos (Zukowsky, 1936b:1242), Conopia

E

dasysceles Bradley, 1968:51

NL

deceptura (Butler, 1874:409), Aegeria

N

decipiens (H. Edwards, 1881:197), Aegeria
imperfecta (H. Edwards, 1881:198), Aegeria
nicotianae (H. Edwards, 1881:202), Aegeria
rubristigma (Kellicott, 1892b:211), Aegeria

P

deserta (Staudinger, 1887c:166), Sesia

NL

dimorpha Le Cerf, 1916b:12

NL

dinetiformis (Walker, 1856:48), Aegeria

P

dioctriaeformis (Meigen, 1830:122), Setia [sic]

N

dominicki Duckworth and Eichlin, 1973b:158

NL

drucei Heppner and Duckworth [new name for Aegeria peruviana Druce, 1911]

peruviana (Druce, 1911:292), Aegeria [not Sanninoidea peruviana Rothschild, 1911]

P

duplex (Staudinger, 1889:21), Sesia

O

duporti Le Cerf, 1927:147

E

erythrogama (Meyrick, 1934a:455), Aegeria

E

erythromma Hampson, 1919:60

E

ethiopica (Hampson, 1919:68), Chamaesphecia [new combination]

aethiopica (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:77), Chamaesphecia [emendation]

N

exitiosa (Say, 1823:216), Aegeria

persica (Thomas, 1824:37), Apis

pepsidiformis (Hübner, [1827–1831]:32), Paranthrene

exitissa [sic] (Kirby, 1871:367), Aegeria [misspelling]

xiphiaeformis (Boisduval, [1875]:409), Sesia

graefi (H. Edwards, 1881:183), Sciapteron

opalescens (H. Edwards, 1881:199), Aegeria variety filchu (H. Edwards, 1882a:55), Aegeria

pacifica (Riley, 1891b:393), Sannina

variety luminosa (Neumoegen, 1894:331), Sannina variety edwardsii (Beutenmüller, [1900b]:160), Sanninoidea

graefii [sic] (Beutenmüller, 1900d:254), Sanninoidea [misspelling]

graefii [sic] variety barnesii (Beutenmüller, 1900d: 254), Sanninoidea

graefi variety bamesii (Beutenmüller, 1901:272),

Sanninoidea [redescription]

persicae [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:113),

Conopia [misspelling]

aberration fuchi [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:113), Conopia [misspelling]

E

exochiformis (Walker, 1856:58), Aegeria

NL

fasciculipes (Walker, [1865]:5), Aegeria

N

fattfera Hodges, 1962:139

P

ferdinandi Rungs, 1972:671

O

flava (Moore, 1879b:8), Aegeria [new combination]

O

flavicaudata (Moore, 1887:559), Aegeria [new combination]

O

flavicmcta (Hampson, [1893a]:195), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

E

flavipatpis (Hampson, 1910c:505), Lepidopoda

O

flavipalpus (Hampson, [1893a]: 195), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

flavipalpis [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925: 118), Ichneumenoptera [misspelling] E

E

flavipectus (Hampson, 1910a: 155), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

P

flaviventris (Staudinger, 1883:177), Sesia
aberration fulva H. Turner, 1928:165

NL

flavostigma Zukowsky, 1936b:1233

NL

flavostrigata Le Cerf, 1917:298

P

formicaeformts (Esper, 1783:216), Sphinx

tenthrediniformis (Esper, 1782: pl. 30: fig. 3), Sphinx[not Sphinx tenthrediniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775]

tentrediniformis [sic] (Esper, 1782:211 [text]), Sphinx [misspelling]

flammens (Haworth, 1803:6), Sphinx

nomadaeformis (Hübner, [1803–1806]: pl. 19: fig. 90), Sphinx [not Sesia nomadaeformis Laspeyres, 1801]

flammeus [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:193 [index, misspelling]

form duplex Schnaider, 1942:111

aberration uniformis (Marquardt, 1959:196), Sesia

N

fulvipes (Harris, 1839:312), Aegeria

NL

fulvopyga (Le Cerf, 1911c:301), Sesia

E

gabuna (Beutenmüller, 1899a: 170), Sesia

P

gaderensis (Králíimagesek & Povolný, 1977:83), Aegeria [new combination]

N,NL

geliformis (Walker, 1856:46), Aegeria

NL

germaini Le Cerf, 1916b: 12

NL

glyptaeformis (Walker, 1856:51), Aegeria

E

gracilis (Hampson, 1910a: 155), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

NL

guatemalena (Druce, 1883:31), Aegeria
guatemalana [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925: 28 [misspelling]

NL

glymelini Bryk, 1953:262

E

guineabia (Strand, [1913]:68), Aegeria

NL

guyanensis Le Cerf, 1917:301
variety clara Le Cerf, 1917:303

E

hadassa (Meyrick, 1932b:336), Aegeria

NL

hades (Druce, 1889:78), Aegeria

NL

haematica Ureta, 1956:266

NL

haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1775:549), Sesia [new status]

NL

halmyris (Druce, 1889:79), Aegeria

E

hampsoni Heppner and Duckworth [new name for Lepidopoda auripes Hampson, 1910]

auripes (Hampson, 1910a: 152), Lepidopoda [not Ichneumenoptera auripes Hampson, 1893]

NL

harti (Druce, 1899:204), Aegeria

P

hector (Butler, 1878:60), Aegeria

NL

henrichi Schade, 1938:471

NL

hela (Druce, 1889:79), Aegeria

NL

helena (Druce, 1889:80), Aegeria

N

helenis (Engelhardt, 1946:50), Carmenta

NL

hemigymna Zukowsky, 1936b: 1226

NL

hermione (Druce, 1889:79), Aegeria

NL

hippolyte (Druce, 1889:80), Aegeria

NL

hispides (Druce, 1889:80), Aegeria

O

howqua (Moore, 1877:83), Aegeria [new combination]

houqua [sic] (Hampson, 1919:75), Conopia [misspelling]

O

hypochalcia Hampson, 1919:60

O

ignicauda (Hampson, 1919:74), Conopia

O

ignifera (Hampson, [1893a]: 195), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

NL

infuscata (Le Cerf, 191lc:300), Sesia

O

insidiosa (Le Cerf, 191lb:93), Sesia

E

iris Le Cerf, 1916b:12

NL

ischniformis (Walker, 1856:53), Aegeria

O

javana Le Cerf, 1916b:13

N

kathyae Duckworth & Eichlin, 1977a:193

NL

laeta (Walker, 1856:59), Aegeria

NL

laticincta (Burmeister, 1878:361), Sesia

O

laticivora (Meyrick, 1927b:372), Aegena [new combination]

NL

laticraspedontis Zukowsky, 1936b:1220

NL

lecerfi Heppner and Duckworth [new name for Synanthedon flavipectus Le Cerf, 1916]

flavipectus Le Cerf, 1916b:12 [not Ichneumenoptera flavipectus Hampson, 1910]

NL

lemoulti Le Cerf, 1917:316
le moulti Le Cerf, 1917:316 [incorrect spacing]

E

leptomorpha (Meyrick, 193la:50), Aegeria

E

leptosceles Bradley, 1968:47

O

leucocyanea Zukowsky, 1929b:36

E

leucogaster (Hampson, 1919:76), Conopia

albiventris (Le Cerf, 1917:318), Ichneumenoptera [not Sesia albiventris Beutenmüller, 1899]

O

longipes (Felder, 1861:26), Sesia [new combination]

P

loranthi (Králíimagesek, 1966:231), Aegeria

P

luctuosa (Lederer, 1853:82), Sesia

NL

macropyga (Le Cerf, 191lc:299), Sesia

E

maculiventris Le Cerf, 1916b:12

NL

mardia (Druce, 1892:275), Aegena

NL

mortenii Zukowsky, 1936b:1224

P

martjanovi Sheljuzhko, 1918:104

O

melli (Zukowsky, 1929b:34), Aegeria

N

mellinipennis (Boisduval, 1836: pl. 14: fig. 12), Sesia
artemisiae (H. Edwards, 1881:187), Albuna
seneciodes (H. Edwards, 1881:198), Aegeria
senecioides [sic] (Smith, 1891:20), Sesia [misspelling]

E

mercatrix (Meyrick, 1931a:50), Aegeria

P

mesiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:74), Sesia
masariformis (Meigen, 1830:120), Setta [sic] [not Sesia masariformis Ochsenheimer, 1808]

mesiiformis [sic] (Staudinger, 1856:200), Sesia [misspelling]

E

mesochoriformis (Walker, 1856:56), Aegeria

P

mimus Le Cerf, 1922b:17

NL

modesta (Butler, 1874:408), Aegeria

E

monogama (Meyrick, 1932b:337), Aegeria

E

monozona (Hampson, 1910a:156), Aegeria

O

moorei Heppner and Duckworth [new name for Aegeria tricincta Moore, 1879]

tricincta (Moore, 1879b:8), Aegeria [not Aegeria tricincta Harris, 1839]

P

moupinicola Strand, 1925:30

O

mushana (Matsumura, 1931a:1013), Conopia [new combination]

NL

mydaides Ureta, 1956:263

P

myopiformis (Borkhausen, 1789:169), Sphinx

zonatus (Donovan, 1797:35, pl. 195), Sphinx [not Sphinx zonata Drury, 1770]

mutillaeformis (Laspeyres, 1801:26), Sesia

myopaeformis [sic] Hübner, [1819]:129), Conopia [misspelling]

elegans (Lederer, 1861:150), Sesia

variety graeca (Staudinger, 1870:92), Sciapteron

NL

myrmosaepennis (Walker, 1856:46), Aegeria

NL

nannion Bryk, 1953:263

O

nautica (Meyrick, 1932b:229), Aegeria

NL

neotropica Heppner and Duckworth [new name for Aegeria flava H. Edwards, 1881]

flava (H. Edwards, 1881:189), Aegeria [not Aegeria flava Moore, 1879]

P

nigrifrons (Le Cerf, 1911d:244), Sesia

N

novaroensis (H. Edwards, 1881:199), Aegeria
piceae (Dyar, 1904:106), Parharmonia
brunneri (Busck, 1914a:143), Sesia

E

nuba (Beutenmüller, 1899a: 172), Sesia

E

nyanga (Beutenmüller, 1899a: 171), Sesia

E

olenda (Beutenmüller, 1899a: 171), Sesia

O

ommatiaeformis (Moore, 1891:16), Sphecia [new combination]

O

opalizans (Hampson, 1919:74), Conopia [new combination]

NL

opiiformis (Walker, 1856:51), Aegeria

O

orientalis Heppner and Duckworth [new name fo
Sesia unicincta Hampson, 1893]

unicincta (Hampson, [1893a]:196), Sesia [not Sesia unicincta Herrich-Schäffer, 1851]

NL

panisciformis (Walker, 1856:55), Aegeria

NL

panurgiformis (Walker, 1856:54), Aegeria

E

pauper (Le Cerf, 1916b:13), Sylphidia

paupera [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:115), Conopia [misspelling]

NL

peltastiformis (Walker, 1856:52), Aegeria

E

peltata (Meyrick, 1932b:230), Aegeria

O

pensilis (Swinhoe, 1892:36), Aegeria [new combination]

O

pentazona (Meyrick, 1918b:180), Sesia [new combination]

NL

peruviana (Rothschild, 1911:47), Sanninoidea [new

O

phasiaeformis (Felder, 1861:26), Aegeria [new combination]

N

pictipes (Grote and Robinson, 1868:182), Aegeria
inusitata (H. Edwards, 1881:201), Aegeria

N

pini (Kellicott, 1881:5), Aegeria

P

pipiziformis (Lederer, 1855:195), Aegeria

P

pistarcha (Meyrick, 193la:50), Aegeria

NL

pittheis (Druce, 1899:203), Aegeria

pitheis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:35 [misspelling]

NL

plagiophleps Zukowsky, 1936b:1222

E

platyuriformis (Walker, 1856:57), Aegeria

NL

plectisciformis (Walker, 1856:49), Aegeria

P

polaris Staudinger, 1877:175
aurivillii (Lampa, 1883:127), Sesia

aurivilii [sic] (Fibiger and Kristensen, 1974:55), Sesia [misspelling in synonymy]

N,NL

polygoni (H. Edwards, 1881:202), Pyrrhotaenia
fragariae (H. Edwards, 1881:202), Pyrrhotaenia
helianthi (H. Edwards, 1881:203), Pyrrhotaenia
achillae (H. Edwards, 1881:203), Pyrrhotaenia
eremocarpi (H. Edwards, 1881:203), Pyrrhotaenia
meadii (H. Edwards, 1881:204), Pyrrhotaenia
orthocarpi (H. Edwards, 1881:204), Pyrrhotaenia
praestans (H. Edwards, 1882b:98), Aegeria
behrensii (H. Edwards, 1882c: 123), Pyrrhotaenia
animosa (H. Edwards, 1883:156), Pyrrhotaenia
elda (H. Edwards, 1885:49), Pyrrhotaenia
fragariae variety semipraestans (Cockerell, 1908: 329), Sesia

achillaeae [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:9 [misspelling]

behrensi [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:14 [misspelling]

NL

porizoniformis (Walker, 1856:54), Aegeria

NL

producta (Walker, [1865]:4), Aegeria

NL

proserpina (Druce, 1883:31), Aegeria

N

proxima (H. Edwards, 1881:201), Aegeria

modesta (Kellicott, 1892a:46), Albuna [not Aegeria
modesta Butler, 1874]

NL

pulchripennis (Walker, [1865]:6), Aegeria

E

pytrethra (Hampson, 1910a: 154), Sciapteron

N

pyri (Harris, 1830:2), Aegeria
koebelei (H. Edwards, 1881:196), Aegeria

O

pyrodisca (Hampson, 1910b:94), Aegeria

O

pyrosema Hampson, 1919:61

NL

pyrosoma (Meyrick, 1918b:180), Sesia

E

pyrostoma (Meyrick, 1927b:372), Aegeria

P

quercus (Matsumura, 1911:86), Sesia
niphonica Bartel, 1912:388
chibensis (Matsumura, 1931a:1013), Conopia
galloisi (Matsumura, 1931a:1013), Conopia

nihonica [sic] (Matsumura, 1931a:1014), Conopia [misspelling]

N

refulgens (H. Edwards, 1881:199), Aegeria
marica (Beutenmüller, 1899b:254), Sesia
seminole (Beutenmüller, 1899b:255), Sesia
marcia [sic] (Dyar, [1903]:370), Sesia [misspelling]

N

resplendens (H. Edwards, 1881:186), Albuna

E

rhodia (Druce, 1899:203), Aegeria

N

rhododendri (Beutenmüller, 1909:82), Sesia

O

rhodothictis (Meyrick, 1918b:179), Sesia

NL

rhyssaeformis (Walker, 1856:50), Aegena

rhypaeformis [sic] (Walker, 1856:270 [index]), Aegeria [misspelling]

N

richardsi (Engelhardt, 1946:87), Conopia

N

rileyana (H. Edwards, 1881:187), Albuna
brunneipennis (H. Edwards, 1881:191), Aegeria
hyperici (H. Edwards, 1881:195), Aegeria
ausimi (Engelhardt, 1946:57), Carmenta

NL

romani Bryk, 1953:262

E

rubripalpis (Meyrick, 1932b:337), Aegeria

O

rubripes (Pagenstecher, 1900:22), Sesia

E

rubripicta Hampson, 1919:61

N

rubrofascia (H. Edwards, 1881:191), Aegeria
rubofascia [sic] (Duckworth & Eichlin, 1973a:26), Aegeria [misspelling]

NL

rufa (Butler, 1883:58), Aegeria

P

rufibasalis (Bartel, 1906a: 190), Sesia

NL

ruficaudis (Walker, [1865]:6), Aegeria

NL

santanna (Kaye, 1924:427), Aegeria

N

sapygaeformis (Walker, 1856:45), Aegeria
floridensis (Grote, 1875:174), Pyrrhotaenia

N

saxifragae (H. Edwards, 1881:190), Aegeria
henshawii (H. Edwards, 1882a:56), Aegeria

NL

scarabitis (Meyrick, 1921a:444), Sesia

P

schwarzi (Králíimagesek and Povolný, 1977:91), Aegeria [new combination]

NL

sciophilaeformis (Walker, 1856:49), Aegeria

N

scitula (Harris, 1839:313), Aegeria
gallivorum (Westwood, 1854:757), Trochilium
hospes (Walsh, 1867:270), Trochilium
corusca (H. Edwards, 1881:193), Aegeria
aemula (H. Edwards, 1883:155), Aegena

P

scoliaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789:173), Sphinx

scoliiformis [sic] (Speyer and Speyer, 1858:329), Sesia

emphytiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:75), Sesia

NL

scythropa Zukowsky, 1936b:1232

NL

sellustiformis (Druce, 1883:30), Aegeria

sallustiformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925: 41 [misspelling]

E

semirufa (Felder, 1874:2), Austrosetia

NL

semitrista Zukowsky, 1936b:1236

NL

senta (Druce, 1883:30), Aegeria

N

sequoiae (H. Edwards, 1881:181), Bembecia
superba (H. Edwards, 1881:181), Bembecia
pinorum (Behrens, 1889:163), Aegena

P

serica (Alpheraky, 1882:21), Sesia

E

setodiformis (Mabille, 1891:174), Sesia

N

sigmoidea (Beutenmüller, 1897:214), Sesia

O

simois (Druce, 1899:201), Aegeria [new combination]

P

sodalis Püngeler, 1912:383

P

spheciformis ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775:306), Sphinx

sphegiformis (Fabricius, 1787:99), Sphinx

ichneumoniformis (Borkhausen, 1789:43), Sphinx [not Sphinx ichneumoniformis Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775]

oxibeliformis (Boisduval, 1840:42), Sesia [nomen nudum]

sphaeciformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925: 46 [misspelling]

O

sphenodes Diakonoff, [1968]:223

P

spuleri (Fuchs, 1908:33), Sesia

E

stenothyris (Meyrick, 1933b:416), Aegeria

P

stomoxiformis (Hübner, 1790:93), Sphinx

culiciformis (Scopoli, 1763:188), Sphinx [not Sphinx

culiciformis Linnaeus, 1758]

stomoxyformis [sic] (Schrank, 1801:234), Sesia [misspelling]

variety amasina (Staudinger, 1856:209), Sesia

O

subtillima (Bryk, 1947:108), Conopia [new combination]

NL

surinamensis (Möschler, 1878:631), Sesia

NL

tabogana (Druce, 1883:31), Aegena

tobogana [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:55 [misspelling]

O

taikanensis (Matsumura, 1931a: 1017), Scabisa

P

talischensis (Bartel, 1906b:169), Sesia

P

tenuis (Butler, 1878:60), Aegeria

O

tenuiventris Le Cerf, 1916b:12

NL

tetranoma (Meyrick, 1932b:337), Aegeria

O

theobroma (Bradley, 1957:67), Conopia [new combination]

NL

theobromae (Busck, 1910:242), Sesia

P

theryi Le Cerf, 1916a:16

NL

tineosphecia Zukowsky, 1936b:1232

C

tipuliformis (Clerck, 1759: pl, 9: fig. 1), [Sphinx]

salmachus (Linnaeus, 1758:493), Sphinx [nomen oblitum; proposed suppression by Kristensen, in press, b]

tipula (Retzius, 1783:33), Sphinx

myopaeformis aberration bicingulata (Rebel, 1910c: 466), Sesia (not Sesia bicingulata Staudinger, 1887]

E

trithyris (Meyrick, 1926a:266), Aegeria

NL

tryphoniformis (Walker, 1856:48), Aegeria

NL

tucumana (Le Cerf, 191lc:300), Sesia

P

typhiaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789:174), Sphinx

typhiiformis [sie] (Speyer and Speyer, 1858:332),

Sesia [misspelling]

tiphiaeformis Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:49 [emendation]

P

unocingulata Bartel, 1912:383

P

uralensis (Bartel, 1906b:169), Sesia

O

uranauges (Meyrick, 1926a:266), Aegeria [new combination]

E

vassei (Le Cerf, 1917:337), Aegena

P

velox (Fixsen, 1887:323), Sesia

NL

ventralis (Druce, 1911:292), Aegena

O

versicolor Le Cerf, 1916b:12

P

vespiformis (Linnaeus, 1761:289), Sphinx

asiliformis (Rottemburg, 1775:108), Sphinx

oestriformis (Rottemburg, 1775:109), Sphinx

cynipiformis (Esper, 1783:214), Sphinx

sesia (Gmelin, 1789:2389), Sphinx

chrysorrhoea (Donovan, 1795:21), Sphinx

melliniformis (Laspeyres, 1801:19), Sesia

aberration rufimarginata (Spuler, 1910:310), Trochilium

tabaniformis form sangaica (Bartel, 1912:380), Paranthrene

aberration polycincta Le Cerf, 1922b:19

form quadriannullata Schnaider, 1942:110

form quadriannullata-rufimarginata Schnaider, 1942:110

vespirmis [sic] Kranjimagesev, 1979:27 [misspelling]

N

viburni Engelhardt, 1925a:65

NL

votaria (Meyrick, 1921a:444), Sesia

volaria [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:117), Conopia [misspelling]

NL

wagnen (Le Cerf, 191lc:298), Sesia

NL

whitelyi (Druce, 1899:204), Aegeria

NL

xanthomelanina Zukowsky, 1936b:1241

NL

xanthoneura Zukowsky, 1936b:1220

NL

xanthonympha (Meyrick, 192la:443), Sesia

E

xanthopyga (Aurivillius, 1905:45), Sesia

O

xanthosoma Hampson, [1893a]:195), Ichneumenoptera [new combination]

xanthosome [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:202) [index], Ichneumenoptera [misspelling]

O

xanthosticta (Hampson, [1893a]:197), Sesia [new combination]

O

xanthozonata (Hampson, 1895:282), Sciapteron

Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910:311 [Sphinx empiformis Esper, 1783 (= Sphinx tenthrediniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775)]

P

adelpha Le Cerf, 1938:98

P

aerifrons (Zeller, 1847b:415), Sesia

variety sardoa (Staudinger, 1856:281), Sesia meriiformis [sic] (Rambur, [1866]: 152), Sesia [misspelling]

P

aestivata Králíimagesek, 1969:115

P

affinis (Staudinger, 1856:278), Sesia

leucospidiformis [sic] (Lederer, 1853:84), Sesia [misspelling for Sphinx leucopsiformis Esper, 1800; misdetermination]

P

albiventris (Lederer, 1853:82), Sesia

P

almona (Rebel, 1917:275), Sesia

P

alysoniformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:73), Sesia

trivittata (Zeller, 1847a: 13), Sesia alyoniformis [sic] (Failla-Tedaldi, 1890:29), Sesia [misspelling]

P

anatolica Schwingenschuss, 1938:175

P

annellata (Zeller, 1847b:415), Sesia

masariformis variety oxybeliformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:69), Sesia

asellana [sic] (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [misspelling]

ortalidiformis (Lederer, 1853:68), Sesia [nomen nudum]

ceriaeformis (Lederer, 1853:85), Sesia [not Sesia

ceriaeformis Lucas, 1849]

arullata [sic] (Lederer, 1853:86), Sesia [misspelling]

muscinaeformis (Walker, 1856:33), Aegeria

variety ceriiformis [sic] (Staudinger, 1861:18), Sesia [misspelling]

minorata (Staudinger, 1894:253), Sesia form ledereri Bartel, 1912:404

clermonti Le Cerf, 1914a:62

ortaliformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925: 197 [index; misspelling]

P

anthracias Le Cerf, 1937b:84

P

anthraciformis (Rambur, 1832:266), Sesia

allantiformis (Newman, 1832b:79), Trochilium

monedulaeformis (Boisduval, 1840:43), Sesia [nomen nudum]

agriliformis (Walker, 1856:16), Aegeria

joppiformis (Staudinger, 1856:325), Sesia

P

anthrax Le Cerf, 1916a:15

P

armeniaca (Bartel, 1906b:170), Sesia

P

atlantis Schwingenschuss, 1935:106

NL

atramentaria Zukowsky, 1950:22

NL

aurata (H. Edwards, 1881:190), Aegeria

P

aurifera (Romanoff, 1885:116), Sesia

P

azonos (Lederer, 1855:194), Sesia

P

balcanica Zukowsky, 1929a:21

P

bibioniformis (Esper, 1800:30), Sphinx

philanthiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:69), Sesia [not Sesia philanthiformis Laspeyres, 1801]

P

boisduvali Bartel, 1912:404 [replacement name for Sesia mysiniformis Boisduval, 1840] mysiniformis (Boisduval, 1840:42), Sesia [nomen nudum; not Sesia mysiniformis Rambur, 1866]

P

borreyi Cerf, 1922a: 133

NL

borsanii Köhler, 1953:21

P

brandti Le Cerf, 1937b:82

NL

breyeri Köhler, 1941:7

P

chalciformis (Esper, [1803–1804]:44), Sphinx

chalcidiformis (Hübner, [1803–1806]: pl. 19: fig. 93), Sphinx [new synonymy]

prosopiformis (Ochsenheimer, 1808:146), Sesia [new synonymy]

halictiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:78), Sesia [new synonymy]

crabroniformis variety caucasica (Kolenati, 1846: 91), Sesia [new synonymy]

expleta (Staudinger, 1878:310), Sesia [new synonymy]

chalcidiformis aberration albotarsata (Staudinger and Rebel, 1901:406), Sesia [new synonymy]

P

chrysoneura Püngeler, 1912:399 melanophleps Zukowsky, 1935:40 [new synonymy]

P

cirgisa Bartel, 1912:408

E

clathrata Le Cerf, 1917:291

P

colpiformis (Staudinger, 1856:267), Sesia

P

consobrina Le Cerf, 1938:94

P

corsica (Staudinger, 1856:274), Sesia

philanthiformis (Rambur, 1833:53), Sesia [not Sesia philanthiformis Laspeyres, 1801]

meriaeformis (Boisduval, 1840:42), Sesia [nomen nudum]

venatensis (Joannis, 1908:758), Sesia

P

crassicornis Bartel, 1912:409

P

cryptiformis (Walker, 1856:59), Aegeria [new combination]

O

cyanopasta (Hampson, 1910b:93), Aegeria

P

deltaica Popescu-Gorj and Capuse, 1965:341

P

djakonovi Popescu-Gorj and Capuse, 1966:862

P

doleriformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:69), Sesia dolerilinea [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:88 [misspelling]

P

doryceraeformis (Lederer, 1853:87), Sesia

sefid Le Cerf, 1938:95 [new synonymy]

P

doryliformis (Ochsenheimer, 1808:141), Sesia

euceraeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:79), Sesia [not Sesia euceraeformis Ochsenheimer, 1816]

icteropus (Zeller, 1847b:403), Sesia [not Sesia icteropus Herrich-Schäffer, 1846]

schmidtii (Zeller, 1847b:408), Sesia

euglossaeformis (Lucas, 1849:368), Sesia

ceriaeformis (Lucas, 1849:369), Sesia

braconiformis (Ghiliani, 1852:216), Sesia [not Sesia

braconiformis Herrich-Schäffer, 1846]

miniacea (Oberthür, 1876:31), Sesia [not Sesia miniacea Lederer, 1853]

teriolensis (Staudinger, 1894:251), Sesia

erythrostigma (Staudinger and Rebel, 1901:405), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

variety teroliensis [sic] (Staudinger and Rebel, 1901:405), Sesia [misspelling]

unicolor (Ragusa, 1904:114), Sesia ceriaeformis aberration xanthia (Le Cerf, 1911a: 17), Sesia

variety chimena (Le Cerf, 1916a: 13), Pyropteron

variety bellieri (Le Cerf, 1916a:13), Pyropteron

variety tingitana (Le Cerf, 1916a:13), Pyropteron

form intermedia (Le Cerf, 1916a:13), Pyropteron

form funebris (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron

form melanina (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron

form subceriaeformis (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron

aberration xanthia (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron [redescription]

form tristis (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron

form fatma (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron

form auresiana (Le Cerf, 1916a:14), Pyropteron

variety andalusica (Le Cerf, 1920:414), Pyropteron

variety chretieni (Le Cerf, 1920:425), Pyropteron

aberration flavina (Le Cerf, 1920:431), Pyropteron

variety maghrebica (Le Cerf, 1920:440), Pyropteron

doriliformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:88 [misspelling]

doryliformis euglossaeformis form androchroma (Le Cerf, 1934:11), Pyropteron

inexpectata (Le Cerf, 1938:93), Pyropteron [new synonymy]

P

dumonti Le Cerf, 1922b:35

P

elampiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:78), Sesia

mandana (Le Cerf, 1938:92), Pyropteron [new synonymy]

P

empinaeformis (Walker, 1856:33), Aegeria

P

erodiiphaga Dumont, 1922:215

P

euceraeformis (Ochsenheimer, 1816:171), Sesia

stelidiformis (Freyer, 1836:141), Sesia [new synonymy]

icteropus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:68), Sesia [new synonymy]

unicincta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: pl. 10: fig. 57), z Sesia [new synonymy]

herrichii (Staudinger, 1856:264), Sesia [new synonymy]

stelidiformis form amygdaloidis Schleppnik, 1933: 24 [new synonymy]

P

fenusaeformis (Lederer, 1853:84), Sesia

leucopsiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:73), Sesia [not Sphinx leucopsiformis Esper, 1800]

P

ferganae Sheljuzhko, 1924:184

fergana [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:94 [misspelling]

P

festai Turati, 1925:5

P

foeniformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:78), Sesia

phoeniformis (Failla-Tedaldi, 1883:250), Sesia [emendation]

phaeniformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:94 [misspelling]

P

fredi Le Cerf, 1938:99

P

guriensis (Emich von Emöke, 1872a:63), Sesia

guriensis (Emich von Emöke, 1872b:41), Sesia [redescription]

P

haberhaueri (Staudinger, 1879:308), Sesia

P

infernalis Sheljuzhko, 1935:64

P

iranica Le Cerf, 1937c:173

P

kautzi Reisser, 1930:104

P

koshantschikovi Püngeler, 1914:54

P

lahayei (Oberthür, 1888:28), Sesia

oryssiformis (Staudinger and Rebel, 1901:405),

Sesia [not Sesia oryssiformis Herrich-Schäffer, 1846]

P

lanipes (Lederer, 1863:20), Sesia

P

lecerfi (Oberthür, 1909:186), Sesia

le cerfi (Oberthür, 1909:186), Sesia [incorrect spacing]

E

lemur Le Cerf, 1957:99

P

leucocnemis Le Cerf, 1938:100

P

leucomelaena (Zeller, 1847b:410), Sesia

therevaeformis (Lederer, 1853:83), Sesia

P

leucoparea (Lederer, 1871:13), Sesia

P

leucopsiformis (Esper, 1800:25), Sphinx alysaeformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy] foenusaeformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

leucospidiformis [sic] (Staudinger, 1854:57), Sesia [misspelling; not Sesia leucospidiformis [sic] Lederer, 1853]

leucophiformis [sic] (Walker, 1856:32), Sphinx [misspelling in synonymy]

P

loewii (Zeller, 1847a:14), Sesia

variety minor (Staudinger, 1856:214), Sesia

P

mannii (Lederer, 1853:88), Sesia

P

margiana Püngeler, 1912:400

P

masariformis (Ochsenheimer, 1808:173), Sesia

culiciformis (Sulzer, 1776:152), Sphinx [not Sphinx culiciformis Linnaeus, 1758]

banchiformis (Hübner, [1808–1813]: pl. 27: fig. 126), Sphinx

allantiformis (Eversmann, 1844:104), Sesia [not Trochilium allantiformis Newman, 1832]

odyneriformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:63), Sesia pompiliformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

P

maurusia Püngeler, 1912:412

P

micra Le Cerf, 1916a:15

P

minianiformis (Freyer, 1845:35), Sesia chrysidiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:77), Sesia pepsiformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

eumeniformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy] miniacea (Lederer, 1853:89), Sesia miniacea variety pepsiformis (Lederer, 1853:90), Sesia

destituta (Staudinger, 1894:253), Sesia nigrobarbata Rebel, 1916b:144

aberration friesei Niculescu, 1960:4

NL

minima Le Cerf, 1916b:12

P

mirza Le Cerf, 1938:97

P

modica Le Cerf, 1938:95

P

monspeliensis (Staudinger, 1856:223), Sesia

tengyraeformis (Boisduval, 1840:42), Sesia [nomen nudum]

P

montandoni Le Cerf, 1922b:37

P

moreaui (Le Cerf, 1911e:334), Sesia

P

morosa Le Cerf, 1937c:175

P

mutilata (Staudinger, 1887a:67), Sesia

P

myrsinites Pinker, 1954:182

P

mysiniformis (Rambur, [1866]:151), Sesia

P

obraztsovi Sheljuzhko, 1943:81

P

oryssiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:79), Sesia

P

osmiaeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848:pl. 9: fig. 52), Sesia stelidiformis (Zeller, 1947b:406), Sesia [not Sesia

stelidiformis Freyer, 1836]

zelleri (Lederer, 1853:69), Sesia floricola (Oberthür, 1881:67), Sesia agnes (Oberthür, 1890:26), Sesia

P

palustris Kautz, 1927:1

P

pechi (Staudinger, 1887b:30), Sesia

NL

penthetria Zukowsky, 1936b:1240

P

philanthiformis (Laspeyres, 1801:31), Sesia

muscaeformis (Vieweg, 1789:18), Sphinx [not Sphinx muscaeformis Esper, 1783; new synonymy]

occidentalis (Joannis, 1908:758), Sesia [new synonymy]

NL

pluto Zukowsky, 1936b: 1240

P

powelli Le Cerf, 1920:507

P

proximata (Staudinger, 1891:244), Sesia

variety fallax (Staudinger, 1891:245), Sesia

P

pudorina (Staudinger, 1881:396), Sesia

P

pygmaea (Rebel, 1899:360), Pyropteron [new combination]

P

ramburi (Staudinger, 1866:53), Sesia

P

regula (Staudinger, 1891:246), Sesia

P

rondouana Le Cerf, 1922b:32

rondonana [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:104 [misspelling]

P

schmidtiiformis (Freyer, 1836:140), Sesia

prosopiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:78), Sesia [not Sesia prosopiformis Ochsenheimer, 1808]

rubriformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

schmidtiiformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

schmidtii (Lederer, 1853:69), Sesia [not Sesia schmidtii Zeller, 1847]

P

seitzi (Püngeler, 1905b: 129), Sesia

suprema (Oberthür, 1907b:331), Sesia

louisae (Le Cerf, 1915:54), Dipsosphecia

phoenix (Le Cerf, 1925:210), Pyropteron

louisae form pallipes (Le Cerf, 1925:211), Pyropteron

louisae form aicha (Le Cerf, 1925:211), Pyropteron

major (Rothschild, 1925b:336), Pyropteron

P

sevenari Lipthay, 1961:213

aberration schmidti Lipthay, 1961:217

E

seyrigi Le Cerf, 1957:98

P

staudingeri (Failla-Tedaldi, 1890:28), Sesia

P

taediiformis (Freyer, 1836:142), Sesia

astatiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:70), Sesia [new synonymy]

thyreiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:72), Sesia [new synonymy]

P

tenthrediniformis ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775: 30), Sphinx

empiformis (Esper, 1783:215), Sphinx

bombyciformis (Geoffroy, 1785:252), Sphinx

muscaeformis (Borkhausen, 1789:35)., Sphinx [not

Sphinx muscaeformis Esper, 1783]

variety schizoceriformis (Kolenati, 1846:92), Sesia

schiroceriformis [sic] (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [misspelling]

empiformis variety hungarica (Tomala, 1901:47), Sesia

empiformis variety hungarica (Tomala, 1902:13),

Sesia [redescription]

empiformis aberration flavoabdominalis Popescu-Gorj, 1955:1100 [new synonymy]

P

thomyris Le Cerf, 1938:101

O

tritonias Hampson, 1919:68

P

turbida Le Cerf, 1936b:84

P

umbrifera (Staudinger, 1870:96), Sesia

P

xantho Le Cerf, 1937b:87

P

zimmermanni (Lederer, 1871:16), Sesia

Ceritrypetes Bradley, 1956:203 [C. idiotropha Bradley, 1956]

E

idiotropha Bradley, 1856:203

Weismanniola Naumann, 1971:31 [Sesia agdistiformis Staudinger, 1866; replacement name for Weismannia Spuler, 1910]

Weismannia Spuler, 1910:317 [Sesia agdistiformis Staudinger, 1866; preoccupied, Tutt, 1904 (Sphingidae)]

Veismannia [sic] Hampson, 1919:51 [mispelling]

P

agdistiformis (Staudinger, 1866:54), Sesia

Palmia Beutenmüller, 1896:123 [Sciapteron praecedens H. Edwards, 1883]

N

praecedens (H. Edwards, 1883:155), Sciapteron

Podosesia Möschler, 1879:246 [Grotea longipes Möschler, 1876 (= Aegeria syringae Harris, 1839); replacement name for Grotea Möschler, 1876]

Grotea Möschler, 1876:312 [G. longipes Möschler, 1876; preoccupied, Cresson, 1864 (Hymenoptera)]

N

aureocincta Purrington and Nielsen, 1977:906

E

surodes Hampson, 1919:63

N

syringae (Harris, 1839:311), Aegeria

longipes (Möschler, 1876:313), Grotea

denudatum (Osborn, 1881; 108), Aegeria [not Trochilium denudatum Harris, 1839]

fraxini (Lugger, 1891:109), Trochilium

Sannina Walker, 1856:63 [S. uroceriformis Walker, 1856]

Saunina [sic] Boisduval, [1875]:465 [misspelling]

Sospita H. Edwards, 1882a:57 [Aegeria quinquecaudata Ridings, 1862 (= Sannina uroceriformis Walker, 1856); preoccupied, Rafinesque, 1815 (Ctenophora)]

Phemonoe H. Edwards, 1882b:97 [Aegeria quinquecaudata Ridings, 1862; replacement name for Sospita H. Edwards, 1882]

N

uroceriformis Walker, 1856:64

quinquecaudata (Ridings, 1862:277), Aegeria

uroceripennis Boisduval, [1875]:465, Saunina [sic]

Scalarignathia Capuse, 1973:112 [S. kaszabi Capuse, 1973]

P

kaszabi Capuse, 1973:114

Diakonoffia Niculescu, 1969:33 [Synanthedon chrysostetha Diakonoff, 1968]

O

chrysostetha (Diakonoff, [1968]:221), Synanthedon

Carmenta H. Edwards, 1881:184 [Aegeria pyralidiformis Walker, 1856]

N,NL

albociliata (Engelhardt, 1925c:215), Synanthedon

N

anthracipennis (Boisduval, [1875]:392), Sesia
sanborni H. Edwards, 1881:185
morula (H. Edwards, 1881:196), Aegeria

N

apache Engelhardt, 1946:54

N

arizonae (Beutenmüller, 1898:240), Sesia

N,NL

armasata (Druce, 1892:275), Aegeria [new combination]

N

auritincta (Engelhardt, 1925c:216), Synanthedon

N

bassiformis (Walker, 1856:39), Aegeria
lustrans (Grote, 1880:213), Trochilium aureopurpura (H. Edwards, 1880:72), Aegeria
bolli (H. Edwards, 1881:191), Aegeria
sexfasciata (H. Edwards, 1881:193), Aegeria
consimilis (H. Edwards, 1881:194), Aegeria
eupatorii (H. Edwards, 1881:195), Aegeria
imitata (H. Edwards, 1881:196), Aegeria
aureopurpurea [sic] (Smith, 1891:20), Sesia [misspelling]
bollii [sic] (Smith, 1891:20), Sesia [misspelling]

A

chrysophanes (Meyrick, 1886b:689), Sesia
panyasis (Druce, 1899:201), Aegeria
caieta (Druce, 1899:202), Aegeria
melanocera (Hampson, 1919:71), Conopia

A

commoni Duckworth and Eichlin, 1974:31

N

corni (H. Edwards, 1881:190), Aegeria
infirma (H. Edwards, 1881:195), Aegeria

N

engelhardti Duckworth and Eichlin, 1973b:158

N,NL

giliae (H. Edwards, 1881:200), Aegeria
vitrina (Neumoegen, 1891:109), Albuna
deceptiva (Beutenmüller, 1894a:93), Aegeria
race woodgatei Engelhardt, 1946:61

N

ithacae (Beutenmüller, 1897:215), Sesia

N

mariona (Beutenmüller, 1900d:254), Sesia
mariona (Beutenmüller, 1901:308), Sesia [redescription]

N,NL

mimuli (H. Edwards, 1881:200), Aegeria
torrancia Engelhardt, 1946:56

N

odda Duckworth and Eichlin, 1977a:195

N

ogalala Engelhardt, 1946:73

N,NL

pallene (Druce, 1889:80), Aegeria [new combination]

N

phoradendri Engelhardt, 1946:51

N,NL

prosopis (H. Edwards, 1882b:99), Aegeria

N

pyralidiformis (Walker, 1856:44), Aegeria
nigella (Hulst, 1881:75), Sesia
variety aurantis Engelhardt, 1946:47

N

querci (H. Edwards, 1882b:98), Aegeria
quercis [sic] (H. Edwards, 1888:224), Aegeria [misspelling]
comes (Heinrich, 1920:79), Podosesia
quercus [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:38),
Synanthedon [misspelling; not Sesia quercus Matsumura, 1911] N,NL rubricincta (Beutenmüller, 1909:84), Sesia

N

subaerea (H. Edwards, 1883:156), Pyrrhotaenia

N

suffusata Engelhardt, 1946:74

N

tecta (H. Edwards, 1882a:56), Aegeria

N

texana (H. Edwards, 1881:204), Pyrrhotaenia
wittfeldii (H. Edwards, 1883:156), Pyrrhotaenia

N

verecunda (H. Edwards, 1881:190), Aegeria
nigra Beutenmüller, 1894a:95
florissantella (Cockerell, 1908:330), Sesia
florisantella [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:
24), Synanthedon [misspelling]
hirsuta (Engelhardt, 1946:172), Euhagena

N

welchelorum Duckworth and Eichlin, 1977b:175

N,NL

wellerae Duckworth and Eichlin, 1976:304

A

xanthogyna (Hampson, 1919:54), Lepidopoda

Penstemonia Engelhardt, 1946:14 [Aegeria edwardsii Beutenmüller, 1894]

N

clarkei Engelhardt, 1946:18

N

dammersi Engelhardt, 1946:19
brevifolia Engelhardt, 1946:21

N

edwardsii (Beutenmüller, 1894a:92), Aegeria
utahensis (Beutenmüller, 1909:83), Sesia

N

hennei Engelhardt, 1946:16

Alcathoe H. Edwards, 1882a:53 [Aegeria caudata Harris, 1839]

Acalthoë [sic] Riley and Howard, 1891:219 [misspelling]

Alcothoe [sic] Patch, 1908:358 [misspelling]

NL

altera Zukowsky, 1937:1258

N

carolinensis Engelhardt, 1925b:156
autumnalis Engelhardt, 1946:105

N

caudata (Harris, 1839:311), Aegeria
cordata [sic] Riley and Howard, 1891:220, Acalthoë [sic] [misspelling]
aberration walkeri Neumoegen, 1894:331
race annettella Engelhardt, 1946:103

NL

korites (Druce, 1884:34), Sannina

NL

leucopyga Bryk, 1953:264

NL

melini Bryk, 1953:266

N

pepsioides Engelhardt, 1925b:157
variety atra Engelhardt, 1925b:158
race ferrugata Engelhardt, 1946:105

N,NL

verrugo (Druce, 1884:34), Sannina
variety corvinus Engelhardt, 1946:107

Hymenoclea Engelhardt, 1946:98 [Sesia palmii Beutenmüller, 1902]

N,NL

palmii (Beutenmüller, 1902:126), Sesia
palmi [sic] (Barnes and McDunnough, 1918:178),
Gaea [misspelling]

Bembecia Hübner, [1819]:128 [Sphinx ichneumoniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775 (= Sphinx scopigera Scopoli, 1763)

Pyropteron Newman, 1832b:75 [Sphinx chrysidiformis Esper, 1782]

Pyropterum Agassiz, 1846:319 [emendation]

Dipsosphecia Püngeler, 1910:316 [Sphinx ichneumoniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775
(= Sphinx scopigera Scopoli, 1763)

Diplosphecia [sic] Le Cerf, 1920:269 [misspelling]

Dipsisphecia [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:67 [misspelling]

Disposphecia [sic] Wolfsberger, 1961:233 [misspelling]

P

alaica (Püngeler, 1912:395), Dipsosphecia

P

auricaudata (Bartel, 1912:393), Dipsosphecia

P

balkis (Le Cerf, 1937a:42), Pyropteron [new combination]

P

barbara (Bartel, 1912:390), Dipsosphecia

P

bestianaeli Capuse, 1973:121

P

biedermanni Le Cerf, 1925:210), Pyropteron [new combination]

P

bohatschi (Püngeler, [1905a]:268), Sesia

P

ceiformis (Staudinger, 1881:395), Sesia

P

chrysidiformis (Esper, 1782:210), Sphinx
haemorrhoidalis (Cyrillo, 1787: pl. 4: fig. 3), Sphinx
polistiformis (Boisduval, 1840:41), Sesia [nomen nudum]
cerceriformis (Heydenreich, 1851:20), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]
chalcocnemis (Staudinger, 1856:323), Sesia
variety turanica (Erschoff, 1874:26), Sesia
aberration gallica (Bartel, 1902:293), Sesia
form nigripes (Le Cerf, 1909:118), Sesia
form obturata (Le Cerf, 1909:118), Sesia
variety joannisi (Le Cerf, 1909:118), Sesia
form infusca (Le Cerf, 1909:119), Sesia
variety sicula (Le Cerf, 1922b:27), Pyropteron
aberration melanoxanthia (Le Cerf, 1922b:28), Pyropteron
variety castiliana (Le Cerf, 1922b:29), Pyropteron
aberration margaritosa (Le Cerf, 1922b: 30), Pyropteron
variety chlorotica (Le Cerf, 1922b:30), Pyropteron
aberration anthracias (Le Cerf, 1922b:31), Pyropteron
aberration melanoxantha [sic] (Dalla Torre and
Strand, 1925:76), Pyropteron [misspelling]
Form fervens (Bytinski-Salz, [1937]:198), Pyropteron
aberration lecerfi (Schawerda, 1938:584), Chamaesphecia

NL

chrysomelaena (Le Cerf, 1916b: 11), Pyropteron

P

dancaudani Capuse, 1973:119

NL

deipyla (Druce, 1883:30), Aegeria

P

dioctriiformis (Romanoff, 1884:74), Sesia

dioctriformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:192 [index; misspelling]

P

dispar (Staudinger, 1891:243), Sciapteron
variety oberthüri (Le Cerf, 1916a: 12), Dipsosphecia[incorrect spelling]

variety dumonti (Le Cerf, 1920:371), Dipsosphecia

deniba (Le Cerf, 1934:11), Dipsosphecia [new synonymy]

P

flavida (Oberthür, 1890:24), Sesia
sirphiformis (Staudinger and Rebel, 1901:403),
Sesia [not Sesia sirphiformis Lucas, 1849]

O

fortis Diakonoff, [1968]:234

P

gruneri (Staudinger, 1856:197), Sciapteron
grüneri [sic] form norma (Le Cerf, 1914d:423),
Dipsosphecia

P

hannemanni Capuse, 1973:115

P

himmighoffeni (Staudinger, 1866:51), Sesia

P

hymenopteriformis (Bellier, 1860:681), Sesia
variety algeriensis (Le Cerf, 1911a:15), Sesia
aberration ducellieri (Le Cerf, 1911a:15), Sesia
algirica [sic] (Le Cerf, 1920:269), Diplosphecia [sic] [misspelling]
aberration fulvusororcula (Zukowsky, 1936a:534), Dipsosphecia
variety luticornis (Mariani, 1937:8), Dipsosphecia

P

ili Capuse, 1973:124

P

jakuta (Herz, 1904:19), Sesia

P

kalavrytana (Sheljuzhko, 1924:183), Dipsosphecia [new combination]

P

lasicera (Hampson, 1906:495), Trochilium

P

lomatiaeformis (Lederer, 1853:89), Sesia

P

megillaeformis (Hübner, [1808–1813]: pl. 24: fig. 14), Sphinx
variety tunetana (Le Cerf, 1920:305), Dipsosphecia

P

montis (Leech, 1889a:592), Sesia

P

muscaeformis (Esper, 1783:217), Sphinx [not Sphinx
muscaeformis Vieweg, 1789]

P

ninae (Sheljuzhko, 1935:53), Dipsosphecia [new combination]

P

palariformis (Lederer, 1858:141), Sesia
variety rubrescens (Staudinger, 1887b:29), Dipsosphecia
nazir (Le Cerf, 1938:103), Dipsosphecia [new synonymy]
nazir form rubefacta (Le Cerf, 1938:103), Dipsosphecia

P

parthica (Lederer, 1870:27), Sesia

P

polyzona (Püngeler, 1912:394), Dipsosphecia

P

powelli (Le Cerf, 1925:211), Dipsosphecia [new combination]

P

romanovi (Bartel, 1912:392), Dipsosphecia

P

rondoui (Siepi, 1909:117), Sesia

P

roseiventris (Bartel, 1912:393), Dipsosphecia

P

rothschildi (Bartel, 1912:393), Dipsosphecia

P

sareptana (Bartel, 1912:395), Dipsosphecia

P

schwingenschussi (Le Cerf, 1937c:172), Dipsosphecia [new combination]

P

scopigera (Scopoli, 1763:188), Sphinx

ichneumoniformis ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775:44), Sphinx

vespiformis (Hübner, 1796: pl. 6: fig. 39–40), Sphinx [not Sphinx vespiformis Linnaeus, 1761]

systrophaeformis (Hübner, [1808–1813]: pl. 24: fig. 113), Sphinx

ophioniformis (Hübner, [1808–1813]: pl. 27: fig. 127), Sphinx

palpina (Dalman, 1816:129), Sesiaz

rhagioniformis (Hübner, [1819]:129), Sphinx

statuiformis (Freyer, 1836:142), Sesia

ichneumoniformis aberration lugubris (Staudinger, 1871:40), Sesia

ichneumoniformis variety illustris (Rebel, 1901a:403), Sesia

ichneumoniformis variety apyra (Le Cerf, 1937b:89), Dipsosphecia

P

senilis (Grum-Grzhimailo, 1890:515), Sesia

P

sirphiformis (Lucas, 1849:367), Sesia

syrphiformis [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:67), Dipsosphecia [misspelling; not Sphinx syrphiformis Hübner, 1796]

P

splendida (Staudinger, 1891:242), Sciapteron

P

stiziformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: pl. 10: fig. 58), Sesia

stiziforme variety melasomon (Staudinger, 1871:39), Sciapteron

form astyages (Le Cerf, 1938:92), Dipsosphecia

P

strandi (Kozhanchikov, 1936:26), Dipsosphecia [new combination]

P

tancrei (Püngeler, [1905a]:269), Sesia

NL

teleta (Le Cerf, 1916b:11), Dipsosphecia

P

tenebrosa (Püngeler, 1914:53), Dipsosphecia [new combination

P

tengyraeformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851: pl. 10: fig. 59), Sesia

sanguinolenta (Lederer, 1853:81), Sesia

form miranda (Le Cerf, 1914d:423), Dipsosphecia

P

triannuliformis (Freyer, 1845:35), Sesia

meriaeformis (Assmann, 1845:47), Sesia

braconiformis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846:68), Sesia

philanthiformis (Lederer, 1853:87), Sesia [not Sesia philanthiformis Laspeyres, 1801]

P

tristis (Staudinger, 1895b:349), Sesia

P

tshimgana (Sheljuzhko, 1935:53), Dipsosphecia [new combination]

P

turcmena (Bartel, 1912:396), Dipsosphecia

P

uroceriformis (Treitschke, 1834:121), Sesia

crabroniformis (Fabricius, 1793:383), Sesia [not Sphinx crabroniformis Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775]

mamertina (Zeller, 1847b:404), Sesia

odyneriformis (Ghiliani, 1852:216), Sesia [not Sesia odyneriformis Herrich-Schäffer, 1846]

variety athaliaeformis (Boisduval, [1875]:411), Sesia [unavailable by publication in synonymy]

variety armoricana (Oberthür, [1907a]:1), Sesia

variety atlantica (Le Cerf, 1920:271), Dipsosphecia

variety nigricornis (Mariani, 1937:8), Dipsosphecia

P

vidua (Staudinger, 1889:22), Sesia

P

viguraea (Püngeler, 1912:394), Dipsosphecia

P

vulcanica (Pinker, [1969]:75), Dipsosphecia [new combination

P

wagneri (Püngeler, 1912:395), Dipsosphecia

Euryphrissa Butler, 1874:409 [Aegeria plumipes Walker, 1865]

NL

plumipes (Walker, [1865]:8), Aegeria

NL

syngenica Zukowsky, 1936b:1246

Aegerina Le Cerf, 1916b:11 [Aegeria ovinia Druce, 1896]

NL

allotriochora Zukowsky, 1936b:1245

NL

alomyaeformis Zukowsky, 1936b:1245

NL

mesostenos Zukowsky, 1936b:1245

NL

ovinia (Druce, 1896:324), Aegeria

NL

vignae Busck, 1929:134

Lepidopoda Hampson, 1900:44 [L. heterogyna Hampson, 1900]

O

andrepiclera Hampson, 1910b:94

andrepictera [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:5 [misspelling]

andrepictura Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:5 [emendation]

O

heterogyna Hampson, 1900:44

NL

homotropha Meyrick, 1921a:443

NL

infera Meyrick, 1921a:442

O

lutescens Diakonoff, [1968]:224

E

pictipes Hampson, 1919:54

E

sylphina Hampson, 1919:55

E

sylvestralis Viette, [1955]:90

O

tenuimarginata (Hampson, [1893a]:193), Sciapteron

E

xanthopimplaeformis Viette, [1955]:89

Leptaegeria Le Cerf, 1916b:11 [L. flavocastanea Le Cerf, 1916]

NL

axiomnemoneuta Zukowsky, 1936b:1242

NL

cillutincariensis Zukowsky, 1936b:1243

NL

costalimai Köhler, 1953:21

NL

flavocastanea Le Cerf, 1916b:11

NL

schreiteri Köhler, 1941:8

Chamanthedon Le Cerf, 1916b:12 [C. hypochroma Le Cerf, 1916]

O

albicincta Hampson, 1919:65

E

amorpha Hampson, 1919:67

NL

aurantiibasis (Rothschild, 1911:46), Aegeria

E

brillians (Beutenmüller, 1899a:172), Sesia

E

chalypsa Hampson, 1919:67

E

chrysopasta Hampson, 1919:65

P

coreacola Matsumura, 1931a:1012

E

critheis (Druce, 1899:202), Aegeria

E

elymais (Druce, 1899:202), Aegeria

O

flavipes (Hampson, 1893b:60), Aegeria

E

fulvipes (Hampson, 1910c:506), Lepidopoda

NL

gaudens (Rothschild, 1911:46), Aegeria

E

heliostoma Meyrick, 1926a:267

E

hilariformis (Walker, 1856:57), Aegeria

O

hypochroma Le Cerf, 1916b: 12

E

leucocera Hampson, 1919:66

E

leucopleura Hampson, 1919:67

O

melanoptera Le Cerf, 1927:149

E

ochracea (Walker, [1865]:10), Aegeria

O

quinquecincta (Hampson, [1893a]:196), Sesia

E

striala Gaede, 1929:523

E

tapeina Hampson, 1919:67

E

tiresa (Druce, 1899:202), Aegena

E

tropica (Beutenmüller, 1899a:172), Sesia

E

xanthopasta Hampson, 1919:66

O

xanthopleura Le Cerf, 1916b:12

Chimaerosphecia Strand, [1916]:46 [C. aegerides Strand, 1916]

O

aegerides Strand, [1916]:46

O

colochelyna Bryk, 1947:98

Conopsia Strand, [1913]:71 [C. terminiflava Strand, 1913]

E

terminiflava Strand, [1913]:71

terminiphora [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:4 [misspelling]

Crinipus Hampson, 1896:277 [C. leucozonipus Hampson, 1896]

E,O

leucozonipus Hampson, 1896:277

Mimocrypta Naumann, 1971:21 [Cryptomima hampsoni Butler, 1902: replacement name for Cryptomima Butler, 1902]

Cryptomima Butler, 1902:50 [C. hampsoni Butler, 1902: preoccupied, Meyrick, 1883 (Pyralidae)]

E

hampsoni (Butler, 1902:50), Cryptomima

Parasesia Le Cerf, 1916b:11 [P. cristallina Le Cerf, 1916]

NL

cristallina Le Cerf, 1916b:11

Rhipidurina Naumann, 1971:25 [Rhipidura aurora F. Philippi, 1859; replacement name for Rhipidura F. Philippi, 1859]

Rhipidura F. Philippi, 1859:1096 [R. aurora F. Philippi, 1859; preoccupied, Vigors and Horsfield, 1826 (Aves)] Rhipidura R. Philippi, 1860:274 [R. aurora R. Philippi, 1860 (= R. aurora F. Philippi, 1859); redescription]

NL

aurora (F. Philippi, 1859:1096), Rhipidura

aurora (R. Philippi, 1860:275), Rhipidura [redescription]

Stenosphecia Le Cerf, 1917:285 [S. columbica Le Cerf, 1917]

NL

columbica Le Cerf, 1917:286

Pseudalcathoe Le Cerf, 1916b:14 [P. chatanayi Le Cerf, 1916]

Pseudalcathoë Le Cerf, 1916b:14 [incorrect spelling]

E

aspetura Meyrick, 1932b:229

NL

chatanayi Le Cerf, 1916b:14, Pseudalcathoë [sic]

Tarsopoda Butler, 1874:410 [T. remipes Butler, 1874]

NL

remipes Butler, 1874:410

lanipes [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:135 [misspelling]

Teleosphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:11 [T. bibio Le Cerf, 1916]

NL

bibio Le Cerf, 1916b:11

NL

unicolor (Walker, [1865]:9), Algeria

Callisphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:13 [C. oberthueri Le Cerf, 1916]

E

bicincta Le Cerf, 1916b:13

E

oberthueri Le Cerf, 1916b:13

oberthüri Le Cerf, 1916b:13 [incorrect spelling]

E

puera Viette, 1957:92

Tipulamima Holland, 1893:183 [T. flavifrons Holland, 1893]

Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916b:13 [M. tricinctus Le

Cerf, 1916; new synonymy]

Tipulomima [sic] Meyrick, 1931a:49 [misspelling]

E

aristura Meyrick, 1931a:49, Tipulomima [sic]

E

auronitens (Le Cerf, 1913b:212), Sesia [new combination]

E

festiva (Beutenmüller, 1899a:170), Sesia

E

flammipes (Hampson, 1910a:153), Macrotarsipus

E

flavifrons Holland, 1893:183

E

grandidieri (Le Cerf, 1917:341), Macrotarsipodes

E

haugi (Le Cerf, 1917:343), Macrotarsipodes

P

hypocalla Le Cerf, 1937d:409

E

ivondro Viette, [1955]:88

E

malimba (Beutenmüller, 1899a:172), Sesia

E

nigriceps Hampson, 1919:57

E

opalimargo Le Cerf (1913a:167), Sesia

E

pyrosoma Hampson, 1919:56

E

sexualis (Hampson, 1910a:152), Macrotarsipus

variety waterloti (Le Cerf, 1917:341), Macrotarsipodes

E

seyrigi Viette, [1955]:88

E

sophax (Druce, 1899:203), Aegeria

E

tricincta (Le Cerf, 1916b:13), Macrotarsipodes

Episannina Aurivillius, 1905:44 [E. chalybea Aurivillius, 1905]

Sylphidia (Le Cerf, 1911c:305 [S. perlucida Le Cerf, 1911]

E

albifrons (Hampson, 1910a:151), Lepidopoda

E

chalybea Aurivillius, 1905:45

pulchra (Le Cerf, 1916b:13), Sylphidia

E

flavicincta Hampson, 1919:55

E

modesta (Le Cerf, 1916b:13), Sylphidia

E

perlucida (Le Cerf, 1911c:306), Sylphidia

E

zygaenura Meyrick, 1933b:416

Camaegeria Strand, 1914:48 [C. auripicta Strand, 1914]

E

auripicta Strand, 1914:48

Aegerosphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:13 [A. calliptera Le Cerf, 1916]

O

calliptera Le Cerf, 1916b:13

O

cyanea Hampson, 1919:80

O

fasciata (Walker, 1862b:83), Melittia

O

fulviventris Le Cerf, 1916b:13

O

mysolica (Walker, [1865]:18), Melittia

Aenigmina Le Cerf, 1912b:291 [A. aenea Le Cerf, 1912]

E

aenea Le Cerf, 1912b:291

variety latimargo Le Cerf, 1912b:292

Lophoceps Hampson, 1919:69 [L. abdominalis Hampson, 1919]

E

abdominalis Hampson, 1919:69

E

alenicola (Strand, [1913]:67), Aegeria

O

cyaniris Hampson, 1919:70

E

quinquepuncta Hampson, 1919:70

quinquepunctala [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:108 [misspelling]

O

tetrazona Hampson, 1919:70

Pseudomelittia Le Cerf, 1917:240 [P. berlandi Le Cerf, 1917]

E

andraenipennis (Walker, 1856:69), Melittia

andraeniformis [sic] (Boisduval, [1875]:470), Melittia [misspelling]

E

berlandi Le Cerf, 1917:241

E

cingulata Gaede, 1929:533

Dasysphecia Hampson, 1919:79 [Sphecia bombyliformis Rothschild, 1911]

O

bombyliformis (Rothschild, 1911:45), Sphecia

bombiformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:172 [misspelling]

Tradescanticola Hampson, 1919:64 [Sesia uniformis Snellen, 1900]

O

uniformis (Snellen, 1900:34), Sesia

Hypanthedon Hampson, 1919:62 [Aegeria marisa Druce, 1899]

E

marisa (Druce, 1899:205), Aegeria

marisca [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:59 [misspelling]

Hypomelittia Hampson, 1919:16 [H. hyaloptera Hampson, 1919]

O

hyaloptera Hampson, 1919:96

Epitarsipus Le Cerf, 1922b:23 [E. rufithorax Le Cerf, 1922]

E

rufithorax Le Cerf, 1922b;23

Amphithales Meyrick, 1926a:268 [A. episcopopa Meyrick, 1926]

O

episcopopa Meyrick, 1926a:268

Malgassesia Le Cerf, 1922b:20 [M. rufescens Le Cerf, 1922]

E

ankaratralis Viette, 1957:91

E

pauliani Viette, [1955]:92

E

rufescens Le Cerf, 1922b:21

E

seyrigi Viette, [1955]:91

Oligophlebia Hampson, 1893b:61 [O. nigralba Hampson, 1893]

O

amalleuta Meyrick, 1910b:219

O

cristata Le Cerf, 1916b: 11

O

nigralba Hampson, 1893b:61

O

subapicalis Hampson, 1919:52

Metasphecia Le Cerf, 1917:335 [M. vuilleti Le Cerf, 1917]

E

vuilleti Le Cerf, 1917:335

Micrecia Hampson, 1919:113 [M. methyalina Hampson, 1919]

O

methyalina Hampson, 1919:113

Microsynanthedon Viette, [1955]:94 [M. ambrensis Viette, 1955]

E

ambrensis Viette, [1955]:94

Monopetalotaxis Wallengren, 1858:135 [M. wahlbergi Wallengren, 1858 (= Aegeria doleriformis Walker, 1856)]

Trochilina Felder, 1874:9 [T. candescens Felder, 1874; preoccupied, Gray, 1867 (Mollusca)]

Felderiola Naumann, 1971:17 [Trochilina candescens Felder, 1874; replacement name for Trochilina Felder, 1874; new synonymy]

E

candescens (Felder, 1874:9), Trochilina

E

chalciphora Hampson, 1919:59

E

doleriformis (Walker, 1856:56), Aegeria

wahlbergi Wallengren, 1858:135

wahlbergi Wallengren, 1860:41 [redescription] laylori (Druce, 1899:204), Aegeria

E

pyrocraspis (Hampson, 1910a:153), Sciapteron

O

sinensis Hampson, 1919:59

Vespanthedon Le Cerf, 1917:329 [V. cerceris Le Cerf, 1917]

E

cerceris Le Cerf, 1917:330

Genera Unassigned to Subfamily

Adixoa Hampson, [1893a]:198 [Aegeria alterna Walker, 1865]

O

alterna (Walker, [1865]:10), Aegeria

O

soror Le Cerf, 1916b:10

O

tomentosa Schultze, 1908:28

Adixoana Strand, [1913]:69 [A. auripyga Strand, 1913]

E

auripyga Strand, [1913]:69

Agriomelissa Meyrick, 1931a:51 [A. gypsospora Meyrick, 1931]

E

gypsospora Meyrick, 193la:51

Alonina Walker, 1856:62 [A. rygchiiformis Walker, 1856]

Cicinnoscelis Holland, 1893:182 [C. longipes Holland, 1893]

Cicinoscelis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:120 [misspelling]

E

difformis Hampson, 1919:78

E

longipes (Holland, 1893:183), Cicinnoscelis

E

rygchiiformis Walker, 1856:63

rygchiformis [sic] Boisduval, [1875]:465 [misspelling]

rhynchiiformis Hampson, 1919:78 [emendation] rhynchiformis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:120 [misspelling]

Anaudia Wallengren, 1863:138 [A. felderi Wallengren, 1863]

Anaudia Wallengren, 1865:9 [A. felderi Wallengren, 1865; redescription]

E

felderi Wallengren, 1863:138

feldtri Wallengren, 1865:9 [redescription]

Aschistophleps Hampson, [1893a]:200 [A. lampropoda Hampson, 1893]

O

lampropoda Hampson, [1893a]:200

O

metachryseis Hampson, 1895:282

metachrysis [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:4 [misspelling]

O

ruficrista (Rothschild, 1912:122), Aegeria

Augangela Meyrick, 1932b:338 [A. xanthomias Meyrick, 1932]

O

xanthomias Meyrick, 1932b:338

Caudicornia Bryk, 1947:104 [C. xanthipimpla Bryk, 1947]

O

xanthopimpla Bryk, 1947:105

Conopyga Felder, 1861:27 [C. metallescens Felder, 1861]

O

metallescens Felder, 1861:27

Echidgnathia Hampson, 1919:97 [Tinthia vitrifasciata Hampson, 1910]

E

vitrifasciata (Hampson, 1910a:150), Tinthia

vitrifascia [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:151 [misspelling]

Ecrectica Walker, [1865]:20 [E. fasciata Walker, 1865]

NL

fasciata Walker, [1865]:21

Erismatica Meyrick, 1933b:415 [E. erythropis Meyrick, 1933]

E

erythropis Meyrick, 1933b:415

Grypopalpia Hampson, 1919:52 [G. iridescens Hampson, 1919]

E

iridescens Hampson, 1919:53

Gymnosophistis Meyrick, 1934a:454 [G. thyrsodoxa Meyrick, 1934]

E

thyrsodoxa Meyrick, 1934a: 454

Heterosphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:9 [H. myticus Le Cerf, 1916]

O

cruentata (Swinhoe, 1896:359), Adixoa

O

haematochrodes (Le Cerf, 1912a:54), Aschistophleps

O

melissoides (Hampson, [1893a]:201), Aschistophleps

O

myticus Le Cerf, 1916b:9

Homogyna Le Cerf, 1911c:303 [H. alluaudi Le Cerf, 1911]

Pyranthrene Hampson, 1919:110 [P. flammans Hampson, 1919]

E

albicincta Hampson, 1919:112

E

alluaudi Le Cerf, 1911c:303

E

endopyra (Hampson, 1910a:151), Tinthia

E

flammans (Hampson, 1919:110), Pyranthrene

E

ignivittata Hampson, 1919:110

E

pyrophora Hampson, 1919:111

E

sanguicosta Hampson, 1919:111

E

spadicicorpus Prout, 1919:190

E

xanthophora (Hampson, 1910a:150), Tinthia

Hovaesia Le Cerf, 1957:99 [Sesia donckieri Le Cerf, 1912]

E

donckieri (Le Cerf, 1912a:55), Sesia

Hymenosphecia Le Cerf, 1917:284 [H. albomaculata Le Cerf, 1917]

Hymenophecia [sic] Le Cerf, 1917:283 [misspelling]

E

albomaculata Le Cerf, 1917:284

Idiopogon Meyrick, 1934a:456 [I. uranopla Meyrick, 1934]

E

uranopla Meyrick, 1934a:456

Isocylindra Meyrick, 1930b:584 [I. melitosoma Meyrick, 1930]

E

melitosoma Meyrick, 1930b:584

Isothamnis Meyrick, 1935:601 [Thamnoscelis prisciformis Meyrick, 1935; replacement name for Thamnoscelis Meyrick, 1935]

Thamnoscelis Meyrick, 1935:558 [T. prisciformis Meyrick, 1935; preoccupied, Meyrick, 1928 (Sesiidae)]

O

prisciformis (Meyrick, 1935:558), Thamnoscelis

Lenyra Walker, 1856:71 [Trochilium ashtaroth Westwood, 1848]

O

ashtaroth (Westwood, 1848:14), Trochilium

tonkiniana Le Cerf, 1927:149 [new synonymy]

P

simonyi Rebel, 1931:102

Lenyrhova Le Cerf, 1957:97 [Lenyra heckmanniae Aurivillius, 1909]

E

heckmanniae (Aurivillius, 1909:342), Lenyra

Leuthneria Dalla Torre, 1925;149 [Eublepharis ruficincta Felder, 1874; replacement name for Eublepharis Felder, 1874]

Eublepharis Felder, 1874:4 [E. ruficincta Felder, 1874; preoccupied, Gray, 1827 (Reptilia)]

E

ruficincta (Felder, 1874:4), Eublepharis

Macroscelesia Hampson, 1919:84 [Melittia longipes Moore, 1877]

O

longipes (Moore, 1877:84), Melittia

Macrotarsipus Hampson, [1893a]:194 [M. albipunctus Hampson, 1893]

Macrotarsipes [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:6 [misspelling]

E

africana (Beutenmüller, 1899a:170), Sesia

belia (Druce, 1910b:181), Aegeria

O

albipunctus Hampson, [1893a]:194

albipunctatus [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:7 [misspelling]

E

lioscelis Meyrick, 1935:557

E

microthyris Hampson, 1919:58

Megalosphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:13 [M. gigantipes Le Cerf, 1916]

E

callosoma Hampson, 1919:78

E

gigantipes Le Cerf, 1916b:13

variety obscura le Cerf, 1916b:13

Melanosphecia Le Cerf, 1916b:10 [M. atra Le Cerf, 1916]

O

atra Le Cerf, 1916b;10

O

auricollis (Rothschild, 1912:123), Melittia

bouvieri Le Cerf, 1917:247

O

dohertyi Hampson, 1919:96

A

funebris (Rothschild, 1911:46), Melittia

Melisophista Meyrick, 1927b:371 [M. geraropa Meyrick, 1927]

E

geraropa Meyrick, 1927b:371

Nyctaegeria Le Cerf, 1914c:336 [N. rohani Le Cerf, 1914]

E

rohani Le Cerf, 1914c:336

Oligophlebiella Strand, [1916]:49 [0. polishana Strand, 1916]

O

polishana Strand, [1916]:49

Pedalonina Gaede, 1929:528 [P. semimarginata Gaede, 1929]

E

semimarginata Gaede, 1929:528

Proaegeria Le Cerf, 1916b:14 [P. vouauxi Le Cerf, 1916]

E

vouauxi le Cerf, 1916b;14

Rodolphia Le Cerf, 1911b:92 [R. hombergi Le Cerf, 1911]

Rudolfia [sic] Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:187 [misspelling]

E

hombergi Le Cerf, 1911b:92

Similipepsis Le Cerf, 1911c:304 [S. violaceus Le Cerf, 1911]

Vespaegeria Strand, [1913]:70 [V. typica Strand, 1913; new synonymy]

E

aurea Gaede, 1929:536

O

lasiocera Hampson, 1919:114

E

typica (Strand, [1913]:71), Vespaegeria [new combination]

E

violaceus Le Cerf, 1911c:304

Sphecosesia Hampson, 1910b:93 [S. pedunculata Hampson, 1910]

O

aterea Hampson, 1919:77

E

brachyptera Hampson, 1919:77

O

melanostoma Diakonoff, [1968]:219

O

pedunculata Hampson, 1910b:93

Thamnoscelis Meyrick, 1928d:466 [T. inclemens Meyrick, 1928]

O

inclemens Meyrick, 1928d:466

Thyranthrene Hampson, 1919:97 [Lepidopoda obliquizona Hampson, 1910]

E

metazonata Hampson, 1919:97

E

obliquizona (Hampson, 1910c:506), Lepidopoda

E

squamata Gaede, 1929:532

Trichobaptes Holland, 1893:184 [T. sexstriata Holland, 1893 (= Melittia auristrigata Plötz, 1880)]

E

auristrigata (Plötz, 1880:77), Melittia sexstriata Holland, 1893:184

Trilochana Moore, 1879b:9 [T. scolioides Moore, 1879]

Scoliomima Butler, 1885:370 [S. insignis Butler, 1885]

O

chalciptera Hampson, 1919:83

O

insignis (Butler, 1885:371), Scoliomima

aberration pseudoinsignis (Strand, (1917b]:89), Scoliomima

O

oberthueri Le Cerf, 1917:353

oberthüri Le Cerf, 1917:353 [incorrect spelling] oberthüri variety boulleti Le Cerf, 1917:355

E

phaedrostoma Meyrick, 1934a:455

O

scolioides Moore, 1879b:10

O

smaragdina Diakonoff, 1954:185

O

triscoliopsis Rothschild, 1925a:208

Tyrictaca Walker, 1862b:83 [T. apicalis Walker, 1862]

O

antiphanopa Meyrick, 1927b:372

O

apicalis Walker, 1862b:84

Uranothyris Meyrick, 1933b:416 [U. pterotarsa Meyrick, 1933]

E

pterotarsa Meyrick, 1933b:417

Xenoses Durrant, 1924:lxxv [X. macropus Durrant, 1924]

O

macropus Durrant, 1924:lxxv.

Taxa Excluded from Sesiidae

1. Genera hereby transferred to Glyphipterigidae:

Cotaena Walker, [1865]:21 [C. mediana Walker, 1865]

NL

mediana Walker, [1865]:21

NL

plenella (Busck, 1914b:61), Glyphipteryx [sic] [new combination]

Myrsila Boisduval, [1875]:433 [M. auripennis Boisduval, 1875]

NL

auripennis Boisduval, [1875]:433

2. Genera hereby transferred to Oecophoridae (Stathmopodini):

Arauzona Walker, [1965]:25 [A. basalis Walker, 1865]

NL

basalis Walker, [1865]:26

NL

moorei Busck, 1913a:88

Bonia Walker, 1862b:83 [B. unicolor Walker, 1862]

O

unicolor Walker, 1862b:83

Dolophrosynella Fletcher, 1940:18 [Dolophrosyne balteata Durrant, 1919 replacement name for Dolophrosyne Durrant, 1919]

Dolophrosyne Durrant, 1919:120 [D. balteata Durrant, 1919; preoccupied, Prout, 1918 (Notodontidae: Dioptinae)]

A

balteata (Durrant, 1919:121), Dolophrosyne

Tinaegeria Walker, 1856:260 [T. ochracea Walker, 1856]

NL

ochracea Walker, 1856:260

aeneiceps (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:9), Eretmocera

(There are 5 other species known in Tinaegeria from South America).

3. Genus excluded to Heliodinidae (transferred by Naumann, 1971):

Anypoptus Durrant, 1919:120 [Sphecia tricolor Rothschild, 1912]

O

tricolor (Rothschild, 1912:123), Sphecia

4. Genera excluded to Zygaenidae (transferred by Naumann, 1971):

Balataea Walker, [1865]: 110 [B. aegerioides Walker, 1865]

O

aegeriodes Walker, [1865]: 111

Cicinnocnemis Holland, 1893:181 [C. cornuta Holland, 1893]

Ninia Walker, 1856:72 [Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1782 (= Cicinnocnemis cornuta Holland, 1893); preoccupied, Baird and Baird, 1853 (Reptilia)]

E

cornuta Holland, 1893:181

plumipes (Drury, 1782: pl. 2: fig. 3), Sphinx [not Sphinx plumipes Drury, 1773 (Arctiidae: Ctenuchinae)]

Toosa Walker, 1856:64 [T. glaucopiformis Walker, 1856]

E

glaucopiformis Walker, 1856:65

5. Species hereby excluded to Sphingidae:

NL

“Sesia” gehleni Closs, 1922:118 [unplaced]

(The type of this species has not been located and the current sphingid genus in which it belongs is also not known).

6. Species hereby excluded to Arctiidae (Ctenuchinae):

P

Aethria leucaspis (Cramer, 1775:83), Sphinx leucopsis [sic] (Dalla Torre and Strand, 1925:96), Chamaesphecia [misspelling]

N

Cosmosoma omphala (Say, 1825:42), Aegeria

Family CHOREUTIDAE

CHOREUTIDAE Stainton, 1859:157 [type-genus: Choreutis Hübner, [1825]:373].

SIMAETHIDAE Cotes, 1889:700 [type-genus: Simaethis Leach, 1815:135 (= Anthophila Haworth, 1811)].

HEMEROPHILIDAE Busck, 1910:242 [type-genus: Hemerophila Hübner, [1817]: pl. 213: fig. 1].

CHOREUTHIDAE [sic] Hackman, 1947:71 [misspelling].

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS (Figures 32–39, 63–74, 93–101, 106–107).—Small moths (2–11 mm base to apex forewing length).

Head: Frons smooth scaled; vertex with loosely appressed scales; haustellum scaled at base; maxillary palpus minute, 1- to 2-segmented; labial palpus upcurved, usually with projecting ventral scale tuft on segment 2, sometimes smooth scaled; ocellus present; chaetosema absent; eye large, naked; antenna filiform, with long ventral setae in male, sometimes dorsally heavily scaled.

Thorax: Normal; legs smooth except for tufts by tibial spurs.

Forewing: Rectangular, often with apex somewhat pointed and termen quadrate; opaque, often with metallic iridescent scale spots; Sc to margin at half wing length; radius 5-branched, no stalking but sometimes R2 and R3, as also R4 and R5 in close proximity to one another at end of cell; chorda present, rarely absent; pterostigma present, sometimes vestigial; usually vestigial vein in median cell; median and cubital veins present; CuP present at tornal margin, extended as fold; anal veins reduced to fused A1+A2, basally long-forked; A3 vestigial.

Hindwing: Very little shorter than forewing, pointed, triangular, broader or nearly subequal to forewing; opaque, without hyaline areas; simple frenulum-retinaculum coupling, with usually 3 setae in female frenulum; Sc+R1 fused, to costal margin at apex or 1/4 from apex; Rs free basally, to apex; all median veins usually present, rarely M3 absent; M3 often stalked with CuA1 from crossvein or slightly after; CuP present at tornal margin, extended as fold; 4 anal veins present; A1+A2 fused, basally forked; A3 distinct; A4 usually long, in close proximity to basal margin.

Abdomen: Normal; no abdominal coremata.

Male Genitalia: Uncus rarely present, usually absent; tegumen developed; socius-like setaceous area present; tuba analis often prominent; gnathos rarely present; valva usually relatively simple, with ventral setal fields, sometimes complex, occasionally bifurcate or fused along anterior margin; vinculum developed; saccus often large, sometimes absent; aedeagus usually with phallobase; cornutus usually present.

Female Genitalia: Ovipositor usually unspecialized, sometimes floricomous; ostium bursae usually on sternite 7, sometimes on intersegmental membrane between sternites 7 and 8; ductus bursae often sclerotized, sometimes membranous, sometimes spiralled, rarely extremely long and thin; bulla seminalis small; bursa copulatrix usually ovate, sometimes variously modified; signum usually present, sometimes large or absent.

Larva: Head hypognathous; frontoclypeus usually nearly at epicranial notch, sometimes only 1/2 as long (Brenthia); stemmata relatively closely arranged in a rectangular semi-circle, with VI reduced; proleg long and slender; crochets usually in circle, sometimes in lateral penellipse; prothorax with distinct sclerotized shield; L-group trisetose on pinaculum; SD2 distant to SD1; SV setae approximate; meso- and metathorax with L1 close to L2 and distant from L3; abdominal segment 2 with SV setae in triangle; abdominal segments 1–8 with SD2 closer to spiracle than SD1; L2 approximate and antero-ventrad to L1; abdominal segment 8 with D2 setae more distant than D1 setae; usually numerous sclerotized pinacula on thoracic and abdominal segments.

Pupa: Dorsal spines present in one row on abdominal segments 2–7; segments 3–7 in male (3–6 in female) movable; head smooth; maxillary palpus relatively large; appendages free when beyond wing tips; no distinct cremaster but with several long hook-tipped setae on segment 10; pupation in a double-walled fusiform cocoon on leaf surface or leaf axil; protruded at ecdysis.

DISTRIBUTION.—From all faunal regions, with greatest speciation in the Oriental and Australian regions for known species.

CURRENT TAXA.—16 genera, 356 species.

HOSTS.—Aristolochiaceae (Millieria); Betulaceae (temperate Choreutis): Boraginaceae Caloreas); Compositae (Asterivora, Tebenna); Ericaceae (temperate Choreutis); Fagaceae (Litobrenthia); Labiatae (Prochoreutis); Leguminosae (Brenthia); Moraceae (Hemerophila, Tortyra, Rhobonda, and tropical Choreutis); Rosaceae (temperate Choreutis); Salicaceae (temperate Choreutis); Scrophulariaceae (Tebenna); Ulmaceae (temperate Choreutis); Umbelliferae (Tebenna); Urticaceae (Anthophila, Brenthia).

DISCUSSION.—The Choreutidae are easily distinguished from other sesioid families by the basally scaled haustellum. The scaled haustellum is present in all species of Choreutidae as here restricted and these scales are generally attached in two rows, one on each galea; only in Hemerophila are there fewer scales, and specimens may be found with the scales removed due to use of the haustellum by the adult. The note by Diakonoff (1977) that some Choreutidae have a naked haustellum involves the inclusion in the family of genera herein restricted to Brachodidae. Choreutidae also typically have metallic iridescent scale markings on the forewings and often have a large scale tuft on the labial palpi.

The choreutids were viewed as tortricid relatives by early nineteenth-century lepidopterists using characters generally of only a superficial nature, although they were soon restricted as a separate group within Tortrices. Stainton (1859) appears to have been the first to segregate them as a separate family, which was alternately followed and ignored over the years by other researchers. Staudinger (1870) was the first to combine the choreutids with the Glyphipterigidae and, after Meyrick (1880; 1914c) stabilized this combination, the two groups have generally been considered as one family, the Glyphipterigidae (auctorum).

The combination of these two unrelated groups was based primarily on the superficial resemblance of wing maculation, probably formed by common adaptive strategies to diurnal adult activity, and on similarities in wing venation. Meyrick and earlier workers, in deriving their assessments of phylogenetic relationships among Lepidoptera families, generally did not use genitalic characters, or a number of fundamental (often internal) morphological characters, or characters of the immature stages. Consequently, the combination of the choreutids and the glyphipterigids occurred and has remained stable until the last few years when comparative study of basic characters has demonstrated that the two groups are actually unrelated (Brock, [1968]; 1971). The characters distinguishing the two families have been discussed by Heppner (1977a) in detail. Briefly stated, the main distinctions segregating them to different superfamilies involve the tineoid abdominal articulation, bisetose larva (prothoracic L-group setae), and nonprotruded pupa of the Glyphipterigidae (Copromorphoidea), and the tortricoid abdominal articulation, trisetose larva, and protruded pupa of the Choreutidae (Sesioidea).

Among the genera here included in Choreutidae, there is a relatively steady progression among several characters from Litobrenthia to Rhobonda, although until larvae become known for all genera it remains difficult to determine which genus is most advanced within the family. Litobrenthia and Brenthia appear, however, to be the least advanced choreutid genera in terms of their unspecialized wing venation, yet the genitalia of Brenthia have become very complex in most species. The two genera are otherwise isolated within the family and are currently the only genera of the new subfamily Brenthiinae. Millieria is Palearctic and possibly closest to Brenthia among the Choreutinae, yet even so is still rather distinct and more related to Prochoreutis, new name.

Prochoreutis, Caloreas, and Tebenna are very closely related and are mainly north temperate genera, although a few Prochoreutis are known from tropical India and there are Neotropical Caloreas and Tebenna. Choreutis is related to the former three genera but has CuA2 of the forewing distant from the end of the cell and most species lack a scale tuft on the labial palpi. They have speciated to a great extent in the Oriental and Australian regions but also contain a number of species in north temperate regions. Anthophila is difficult to place phylogenetically among the other genera of Choreutidae, since it is the only genus with a gnathos in the male, while female characters show tendencies to Choreutis. Head morphology, wing venation, and larval characters, however, indicate that the genus is a plesiomorphic member of the Choreutinae. Anthophila species, as here restricted, are known primarily from the Holarctic, with only a few species in tropical regions adjacent to temperate areas.

In addition to Choreutis the remaining genera are almost exclusively tropical, with Saptha in the Oriental and Australian regions and Tortyra, Hemerophila, Zodia, Melanoxena, and Rhobonda in the Neotropical region. New World “Simaethis” have been newly segregated to appropriate genera in a recent paper (Heppner, 1977b). Melanoxena, Rhobonda, Tortyra, Zodia and Hemerophila have the forewing vein CuA2 removed from the distal end of the cell, while this is somewhat less pronounced in Choreutis and Saptha.

Choreutids are all diurnally active as adults as far as is known and typically are found only in close proximity to their larval host plant. The larvae are virtually all leaf feeders, except for three known exceptions, one each in New Zealand and North America, and the Palearctic leaf-mining Millieria. In the North American species, Tebenna carduiella (Kearfott), the larvae occur in the stems of thistles, Carduus species (Compositae), where they are partially communal. The stems of Carduus, however, are hollow and the larvae appear to feed mainly on the inner surface of the stems. The New Zealand choreutid, Asterivora tillyardi (Philpott), apparently is within the stem of its host plant, Raoulia sp., for larval protection (Dugdale, pers. comm.).

The larval morphology of Choreutidae is relatively well known inasmuch as it is based on the study of examples from several genera, although usually only from a few species of each genus. Features held in common with Brachodidae and Sesiidae include the trisetose L-group of the prothorax (not Sagalassa in Brachodidae), the 2 adfrontal setae of the head, and the slender spinneret, to note three main characters. A number of other characters, however, vary from the other two families: the usually long frontoclypeus (short only in Brenthiinae), the more closely spaced stemmata with VI reduced, the sclerotized prothoracic shield, long prolegs with circular crochets in most genera, SV setae of abdominal segment 2 triangular, and L1 close to L2 and distant from L3 on the meso- and metathorax.

These larval characters are also present in Tortricidae and demonstrate the tortricoid aspects of choreutids. The trisetose L-group prothoracic setae and the protruded pupa are the predominant characters that indicate closer relationship to Sesiidae than to yponomeutoid families, while adult characters support this as well. Unlike Brachodidae and Sesiidae, the pupae of Choreutidae have only single rows of dorsal abdominal spines on segments 2–7, but as in the other two families there are well-developed maxillary palpi. It appears that concurrent with the evolution to external feeding in Choreutidae there were several changes in the appearance and chaetotaxy of choreutid larvae and pupae; features that are perhaps not as important in exophagous larvae as they are in endophagous larvae of the Brachodidae were lost and others were developed.

Most choreutids form typical double-walled cocoons on host leaf surfaces or in a leaf axil, with the cocoon having an inner fluted part of white silk and an outer covering net of thin white silk. One species, Tortyra slossonia (Fernald), from Florida, feeds within the unopened leaf buds of Ficus and forms a cocoon within the particular bud occupied by the last larval instar. Tebenna carduiella makes an emergence hole at leaf axils for frass deposition and cocoon placement.

Several genera of Choreutidae appear to have diverged among distinct plant families; this was summarized for the New World genera by Heppner (1977b).

The subfamily classification used below is innovative and is useful in segregating groups of genera now that the family is known to be distinct from Glyphipterigidae. Previously the subfamily Choreutinae encompassed all choreutids as a subfamily of Glyphipterigidae. The only recent summary of the family has been that of Toll (1956) for Poland.

Some representative Choreutidae adults are illustrated in Figures 14–19.

Key to Subfamilies of Choreutidae

BRENTHIINAE Heppner, new subfamily

TYPE-GENUS.—Brenthia Clemens, 1860b: 172.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Adults with 2–5 mm base to apex forewing length. Characters as for the family but with the following distinctions: labial palpus without large scale tuft on segment 2; forewing with broadly rounded termen; metallic iridescent spots restricted to termen as subterminal band of spots; hindwing iridescent subapical spot often present; veins equidistant in forewings; chorda absent; no vein in median cell; hindwing apex relatively rounded; uncus absent; tuba analis usually prominent; tegumen with setaceous socius-like area; gnathos absent; juxta often complex, with bifurcated prolongations resembling a gnathos, sometimes simple; valva often complex, sometimes fused along anterior margin, or partly bifurcate, rarely simple; saccus reduced, rarely developed; phallobase absent, rarely present; cornutus absent or only as fine spicules; ovipositor often floricomous, sometimes unspecialized; ostium bursae at posterior margin of sternite 7, as conical projection or cup with central protrusion, sometimes a membraneous funnel; ductus bursae membranous, usually exceedingly long, thin, and convoluted, rarely simple, often attached to bursa laterally with ductus seminalis arising from bursa as ductus bursae normally does; bursa copulatrix ovate; signum usually absent. Larva with head distinctly larger than in Choreutinae, very hypognathous with long setae; abdominal segments 1–6 with SD1 closer to spiracle than SD2, subequal on segment 7; D1 setae closer to each other than D2 to each other; D2 on segment 9 very long; crochets in circle. Pupa with noticeably elongated setae.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mostly tropical, centered in the Neotropical, Oriental, and Australian regions.

CURRENT TAXA.—Two genera, 66 species.

Subfamily CHOREUTINAE

CHOREUTIDAE Stainton, 1859:157 [type-genus: Choreutis Hübner, [1825]:373].

SIMAETHINAE Cotes, 1889:700 [type-genus: Simaethis Leach, 1815:135 (= Anthophila Haworth, 1811)].

CHOREUTINAE Walsingham, 1892:529.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS.—Adults with 3–8 mm base to apex forewing length. Characters as for the family but with the following distinctions: labial palpus usually with more or less prominent ventral scale tuft on segment 2, but sometimes tuft reduced; forewings more or less pointed at apex; metallic iridescent spots usually prominent on forewing; chorda present; vein in median cell or vestigial; hindwing apex more or less pointed; uncus rarely present; gnathos rarely present; tuba analis usually prominent; socius usually as well-developed setaceous area; valva usually simple, sometimes with apical hook and cucullus-like appendage; saccus usually prominant and large; juxta a plate with a basal elongation or a small plate with separate rod to valval base; phallobase present; cornutus present; ovipositor simple with sharply defined distal edges; ostium bursae usually well defined, a cup on sternite 7, at posterior margin of sternite 7, or on intersegmental membrane; ductus bursae often at least partially sclerotized, simple or off-set in attachment to bursa, rarely spiralled; bursa copulatrix ovate to heartshaped; signum usually present, a spicule band, spicule patch, or fused inwardly projecting spicule line. Larvae with head of normal size relative to Brenthiinae, normal oblique hypognathous with setae of average length; abdominal segments 1–6 with SD2 closer to spiracle than SD1, same on segment 7; D1 setae closer to each other than D2 to each other; D2 on segment 9 of normal length; crochets in circle or lateral penellipse. Pupa with setae of normal length, not noticeably elongate.

DISTRIBUTION.—Temperate Holarctic and in Pantropical areas, with extensive speciation in the Indo-Australian regions.

CURRENT TAXA.—14 genera, 290 species.

Generic Synopsis of Choreutidae

Species

BRENTHIINAE

Litobrenthia Diakonoff, 1978

3

Brenthia Clemens, 1860

63

CHOREUTINAE

Anthophila Haworth, 1811

11

Millieria Ragonot, 1874

1

Peotyle Diakonoff, 1978

2

Prochoreutis Heppner, new name

35

Caloreas Heppner, 1977

18

Tebenna Billberg, 1820

29

Asterivora Dugdale, 1979

23

Choreutis Hübner, 1825

96

Saptha Walker, 1864

18

Tortyra Walker, 1863

21

Hemerophila Hübner, 1817

27

Zodia Heppner, 1979

5

Melanoxena Dognin, 1910

1

Rhobonda Walker, 1863

3

Checklist of Choreutidae

Subfamily BRENTHIINAE

Litobrenthia Diakonoff, 1978a:28 [Brenthia japonica Issiki, 1930]

O

grammodes Diakonoff, 1979:296

P

japonica (Issiki, 1930:424), Brenthia

kiiensis (Matsumura, 1931a: 1078), Choreutis

O

stephanephora Diakonoff, 1979:292

Brenthia Clemens, 1860b: 172 [B. pavonacella Clemens, 1860] Microaethia Chambers, 1878a: 76 [M. amphicarpeoeana Chambers, 1878 (= Brenthia pavonacella Clemens, 1860); unavailable by publication in synonymy]

NL

acmogramma Meyrick, 1915b:217

A,O

albimaculana (Snellen, 1875:77), Simaethis hecataea Meyrick, 1907b: 109

NL

amatana (Walker, 1863b:451), Simaethis

O

anisopa Diakonoff, [1968]:207

O

ardens Meyrick, 1912a:52

O

argyroxantha (Meyrick, 1938a:87), Choreutis [new combination]

NL

bicaudella Walsingham, 1914:308

O

buthusalis (Walker, 1863b:454), Simaethis buthalis Meyrick, 1913a:37 [emendation]

A

caelicola Meyrick, 1910a:468

O

carola Meyrick, 1912a:53

O

catenata Meyrick, 1907a:748

NL

ceutholychna Meyrick, 1915b:218

NL

confluxana (Walker, 1863b:452), Simaethis

O

coronigera Meyrick, 1918c:194

O

cyanaula Meyrick, 1912a:53

O

dendronympha Meyrick, 1937:125

NL

depulsana (Walker, 1863b:452), Simaethis

E

dicentrota Meyrick, 1931b:183

A

diplotaphra Meyrick, 1938b:523

A

elachista Walsingham, 1900a:76

O

elatella (Walker, 1863b:455), Simaethis

NL

episotras Meyrick, 1920a:335

NL

eriopis Meyrick, 1920a:337

O

excusana (Walker, 1863b:455), Simaethis

O

formosensis Issiki, 1930:425

E

gamicopis Meyrick, 1930c:6

O

harmonica Meyrick, 1918c:192

NL

heptacosma Meyrick, 1920a:336

NL

hexaselena Meyrick, 1909a:41

E

leptocosma Meyrick, 1916:560

E

leucatoma Meyrick, 1918a:36

O

lithocrossa Meyrick, 1922:487

NL

logistis Meyrick, 1909a:41

O

luminifera Meyrick, 1912a:51

NL

malachitis Meyrick, 1909a:40

A

melodica Meyrick, 1922:487

O

moniligera (Meyrick, 1912a:54), Choreutis [new combination]

NL

monolychna Meyrick, 1915b:218

P

nephelosema Diakonoff, 1978a:31

NL

ocellata Walsingham, 1914:308

E

octogemmifera (Walsingham, 1897:52), Choreutis

O

ocularis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6), Choreutis

A

pampoecila Turner, 1913:209

O

paranympha Meyrick, 1912a:53

N

pavonacella Clemens, 1860b:172

amphicarpeoeana (Chambers, 1878a:76), Microaethia [unavailable by publication in synonymy] pavonicella [sic] Chambers, 1878b:132 [misspelling]

P

pileae Arita, 1971:351

E

pleiadopa Meyrick, 1921c:112

A

quadriforella Zeller, 1877:172

quadriflorella [sic] Walsingham, 1900a:77 [misspelling]

hypocalla (Lower, 1905:113), Simaethis

A

salaconia Meyrick, 1910a:468

O

salinata Meyrick, 1918c:193

NL

sapindella Busck, [1934]:183

A

spintheristis Meyrick, 1910a:469

NL

stenorma Meyrick, 1915b:219

NL

stimulans Meyrick, 1920a:336

O

strophalora Meyrick, 1912a:51

NL

stylophora Meyrick, 1920a:335

NL

suavis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6), Choreutis

P

tetartodipla Diakonoff, 1978a:33

O

trilampas Meyrick, 1918c:193

A

trilitha Meyrick, 1907b:108

A

trimachaera Meyrick, 1927a:103

E

virginalis Meyrick, 1912a:52

P

yaeyamae Arita, 1971:350

Subfamily CHOREUTINAE

Anthophila Haworth, [1811]:471 [A. fabricii Haworth, 1811 (= Phalaena (Tortrix) fabriciana Linnaeus, 1767)]

Simaethis Leach, 1815:135 [Tortrix dentana Hübner, 1796–99 (= Phalaena (Tortrix) fabriciana Linnaeus, 1767)]

Xylopode Latreille, 1825:476 [vernacular name]

Xylopoda Berthold, 1827:484 [Tortrix dentana Hübner, 1796–99]

Xylopoda Latreille, 1829:412 [Tortrix dentana Hübner, 1796–99]

Simoethis [sic] Desmarest, 1848:617 [misspelling]

Symaethis [sic] Bruand d'Uzelle, 1850:101 [misspelling]

Simaetis [sic] Kautz, 1931:28 [misspelling]

Simethis [sic] Bleszynski, Razowski, and Zukowski, 1965:413 [misspelling]

Antophila [sic] Bleszynski, Razowski, and Zukowski, 1965:413 [misspelling; not Antophila Hübner, 1806 (Noctuidae); rejected, ICZN, 1926]

Siamethis [sic] Klimesch, 1968:150 [misspelling]

P

abhasica Danilevsky, 1969:928

N

alpinella (Busck, 1904:746), Hemerophila

P

armata Danilevsky, 1969:930

form superba Diakonoff, 1979:299 [new synonymy]

NL

brachymorpha (Meyrick, 1915b:216), Simaethis

P

colchica Danilevsky, 1969:931

P

decolorana Danilevsky, 1969:931

P

dischides Diakonoff, 1978a:3

P

fabriciana (Linnaeus, 1767:880), Phalaena (Tortrix) oxyacanthella (Linnaeus, 1767:886), Phalaena (Tinea)

urticana ([Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775:132), Phalaena

dentana (Hübner, [1796–1799]: pl. 1: fig. 4), Tortrix

fabricii Haworth, [1811]:471 [emendation]

oxyacanthae Haworth, [1811]:471 [emendation]

dentanalis (Treitschke, 1829:158), Asopia [emendation]

altenalis (Treitschke, 1829:160), Asopia

parietariae (Stainton, 1855:42), Simaethis

oxyacanthana (Holle, 1865:220), Tortrix

aetenalis [sic] (Frey, 1880:333), Simaethis [misspelling in synonymy]

uriicana [sic] (Meyrick, 1914c:22), Simaethis [misspelling]

P

filipjevi Danilevsky, 1969:927

O

halimora (Meyrick, 1912a:50), Simaethis

O

oreina Diakonoff, 1979:297

Millieria Ragonot, 1874:173 [Choreutis dolosana Herrich-Schäffer, 1854]

Ripismia Wocke, [1876]:339 [Choreutis dolosana

Herrich-Schäffer, 1854

Rhipismia Reutti, 1898:180 [emendation]

Milliereia Spuler, 1910:298 [emendation]

Milliera [sic] Le Marchand, 1937:192 [misspelling]

Millieroa [sic] Le Marchand, 1937:192 [misspelling]

P

dolosana (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854:95), Choreutis

dolasona [sic] (Desmarest, [1857]:228), Choreutes [sic] [mispelling]

Peotyle Diakonoff, 1978a:23 [Choreutis atmodesma Meyrick, 1933]

O

atmodesma (Meyrick, 1933:371), Choreutis

athmodesma [sic] (Caradja, 1940:119), Choreutis [misspelling]

O

batangensis (Caradja, 1940:119), Choreutis

Prochoreutis Heppner, new name [Pyralis myllerana Fabricius, 1794; for Choreutis of authors, not Choreutis Hübner, 1825; see Addendum]

P

alpina (Arita, 1976:118), Choreutis [new combination]

E

argyrastra (Meyrick, 1932a:115), Choreutis [new combination]

O

argyrota (Meyrick, 1912a:55), Choreutis [new combination]

P

arisema (Diakonoff, 1978a:14), Choreutis [new combination]

P

atrox (Diakonoff, 1978a:18), Choreutis [new combination]

P

brunescens (Diakonoff, 1978a:16), Choreutis [new combination]

P

calliclisa (Diakonoff, 1978a:7), Choreutis [new combination]

P

chionocosma (Diakonoff, 1978a:21), Choreutis [new combination]

NL

clemensella (Walsingham, 1914:309), Porpe [new combination]

P

delicata (Arita, 1976:119), Choreutis [new combination]

P

drosodoxa (Meyrick, l933a:370), Choreutis [new combination]

N

dyarella (Kearfott, 1902:112), Choreutis [new combination]

N

extrincicella (Dyar, 1900:86), Choreutis [new combination]

extrinsecella (Meyrick, 1913a:39), Choreutis [emendation]

P

hadrogastra (Diakonoff, 1978a:11), Choreutis [new combination]

P

holotoxa (Meyrick, 1903:6), Choreutis [new combination]

nolotoxa [sic] (Hartig, 1956:126), Choreutis [misspelling]

P

incerta (Capuse, 1970:354), Choreutis [new combination]

N

inflatella (Clemens, 1863:5), Brenthia [new combination]

virginiella (Clemens, 1864:505), Brenthia

P

intermediana (Rebel, 1910b:10), Choreutis [new combination]

intermedia [sic] (Diakonoff, 1978a:21), Choreutis [misspelling]

P

irradiata (Meyrick, 1913b:67), Choreutis [new combination]

P

monognoma (Diakonoff, 1978a:5), Choreutis [new combination]

P

montelli (Hackman, 1947:73), Choreuthis [sic] [new combination]

P

myllerana (Fabricius, 1794:377), Pyralis [new combination]

mylleri (Haworth, [1811]:472), Anthophila [emendation]

angustana (Hübner, [1811–13]: pl. 32: fig. 204), Tortrix

urticana (Hübner, [1819–22]: pl. 44: fig. 273), Tortrix [not Phalaena urticana Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775]

scintilulana (Hübner, [1825]:373), Choreutis

scintilulalis (Treitschke, 1835:33), Choreutes [sic] [emendation]

scintillulalis [sic] (Zeller, 1839:325), Choreutis [misspelling]

albipunctalis (Zetterstedt, [1839]:974), Choreutes [sic]

augustana [sic] (Guenée, 1845:191), Simaethis [misspelling]

scintilimana [sic] (Stephens, 1856:223), Choreutes [sic] [misspelling]

scintilutana [sic] (Desmarest, [1857]:224), Choreutes [sic] [misspelling]

scintillulana [sic] (Morris, 1872:208), Choreutes [sic] [misspelling]

müllerana [sic] (Bang-Haas, 1875:1), Choreutis [misspelling]

myllerala [sic] (Schütze, 1931:171), Choreutis [misspelling]

myllerans [sic] (Arita, 1976:116), Choreutis [misspelling]

N

pernivalis (Braun, 1921:12), Choreutis [new combination]

O

phalaraspis (Meyrick, 1923:617), Choreutis [new combination]

O

philonyma (Meyrick, 1912a:55), Choreutis [new combination]

P

radians (Diakonoff, 1978a:9), Choreutis [new combination]

P

sachalinensis (Danilevsky, 1969:919), Choreutis [new combination]

P

sehestediana (Fabricius, 1776:293), Pyralis [new combination]

sehestedtiana [sic] (Turton, [1802]:358), Pyralis[misspelling]

punctosa (Haworth, [1811}:472), Anthophila

punctuosa [sic] (Wood, 1835:121), Choreutis [misspelling]

P

sibirica (Hackman, 1947:74), Choreuthis [sic] [new combination]

P

solaris (Erschoff, 1877:342), Choreutis [new combination]

N

sororculella (Dyar, 1900:86), Choreutis [new combination]

P

stellaris (Zeller, 1847b:642), Choreutis [new combination]

P

talyshensis (Danilevsky, 1969:921), Choreutis [new combination]

P

ultimana (Krulikovsky, [1909]:275), Choreutis [new combination]

P

ussurica (Danilevsky, 1969:921), Choreutis [new combination]

Caloreas Heppner, 1977b:631 [Choreutis apocynoglossa Heppner, 1976]

N

apocynoglossa (Heppner, 1976:256), Choreutis

N

augustella (Clarke, 1933:91), Choreutis

NL

blandinalis (Zeller, 1877:171), Choreutis

N

caliginosa (Braun, 1921:13), Choreutis

NL

charmonica (Walsingham, 1914:312), Porpe

N

coloradella (Dyar, 1900:85), Choreutis

coloradella (Kearfott, 1902:123), Choreutis

NL

cydrota (Meyrick, 1915b:220), Choreutis

NL

enantia (Walsingham, 1914:310), Porpe

NL

hymenaea (Meyrick, 1909a: 38), Choreutis

NL

lactibasis (Walsingham, 1914:311), Porpe

N

leucobasis (Dyar, 1900:85), Choreutis

leucobasis (Fernald, 1900:242), Choreutis

NL

loxotenes (Walsingham, 1914:309), Porpe

N

multimarginata (Braun, 1925:203), Choreutis

melanifera (Keifer, 1937:338), Choreutis

N

occidentella (Dyar, 1900:86), Choreutis

NL

pelinobasis (Walsingham, 1914:310), Porpe

N,NL

schausiella (Busck, [1907]:86), Choreutis

NL

tacubayella (Kearfott, 1908:181), Choreutis

NL

venusta (Walsingham, 1914:311), Porpe

Tebenna Billberg, 1820:90 [Tinea bjerkandrella Thunberg, 1784; not Tebenna Hübner, 1825 (Agonoxenidae)]

Porpe Hübner, [1825]:373 [P. fibrana Hübner, 1825 (= Tinea bjerkandrella Thunberg, 1784)]

Tebeuna [sic] Danilevsky, 1969:922 [misspelling]

O

agalmatopa (Meyrick, 1926b:305), Choreutis [new combination]

E

agelasta (Bradley, 1965:104), Choreutis [new combination]

NL

alliciens (Meyrick, 1926b:305), Choreutis

N

balsamorrhizetla (Busck, 1904:748), Choreutis

P

bjerkandrella (Thunberg, 1784:24), Tinea

cardui (Ström, 1783:87), Phalaena (Tortrix) [proposed suppression, Nye et al, 1977]

bierkandrana (Fabricius, 1787:236), Pyralis [emendation]

vibrano (Hübner, [1811–13]: pl. 32: fig. 202), Tinea

fibrana [sic] (Hübner, [1825]:373), Porpe [misspelling]

vibralis (Treitschke, 1835:33), Choreutes [sic] [misspelling]

bjerkandrana (Guenée, 1845:191), Simaethis [emendation]

bjerkandella [sic] (Hulst, 1887:21), Choreutes [sic] [misspelling]

biercandrella [sic] (Gerasimov, 1930:29), Choreutis [misspelling]

A

bradleyi Clarke, 1971:166

N

carduiella (Kearfott, 1902:116), Choreutis

busckiella (Kearfott, 1902:120), Choreutis carduella (Meyrick, 1913a:39), Choreutis [emendation]

P

caucasica Danilevsky, 1976:34

P

chingana Danilevsky, 1969:922, Tebeuna [sic]

P

chodzhajevi (Gerasimov, 1930:30), Choreutis

chodjaevi [sic] (Gerasimov, 1930:30), Choreutis [misspelling]

O

chrysotacta (Meyrick, 1933a:371), Choreutis [new combination]

NL

chrysoterma (Meyrick, 1932c:275), Choreutis

A

diana (Bradley, 1961:155), Choreutis [not Tortrix diana Hübner, 1819–1822; new combination]

NL

fuscidorsis (Zeller, 1877:170), Choreutis

N

gemmalis (Hulst, 1886:148), Chalcoela

N

gnaphaliella (Kearfott, 1902:113), Choreutis

gnaphiella [sic] (Mosher, 1916:47), Choreutis [misspelling]

N

immutabilis (Braun, 1927:192), Choreutis

E

inspirata (Meyrick, 1916:560), Choreutis [new combination]

P

isshikii (Matsumura, 1931a:1078), Choreutis

issikii [sic] Arita, 1975:299 [misspelling]

P

kawabei Arita, 1975:301

NL

lapidaria (Meyrick, 1909a:39), Choreutis

NL

leptilonella (Busck, [1934]: 186), Choreutis

P

micalis (Mann, 1857:181), Choreutis

N

onustana (Walker, 1864:996), Simaethis

pretiosana variety ohiensis (Zeller, 1875:320), Choreutis

ohioensis [sic] (Kearfott, 1902:113), Choreutis [misspelling]

N

piperella (Busck, 1904:749), Choreutis

P

pretiosana (Duponchel, 1842:182), Xylopoda

australis (Zeller, 1847b:643), Choreutis

E

pychnomochla (Bradley, 1965:104), Choreutis [new combination]

N

silphiella (Grote, 1881b:40), Choreutes [sic]

P

submicalis Danilevsky, 1969:923

Asterivora Dugdale, 1979:461 [Simaethis combinatana Walker, 1863]

Asterophaga Horning and Greenwood, 1977:295 [nomen nudum]

albifasciata (Philpott, 1924a:213), Simaethis

A

analoga (Meyrick, 1912b: 122), Simaethis

A

antigrapha (Meyrick, 1911a:76), Simaethis

A

barbigera (Meyrick, 1915a:203), Simaethis

A

chatuidea (C. Clarke, 1926:421), Simaethis

A

colpota (Meyrick, 191la:67), Simaethis

A

combinatana (Walker, 1863b:456), Simaethis

abstitella (Walker, 1864:997), Simaethis

A

exocha (Meyrick, 1907b:120), Simaethis

exocka [sic] (Meyrick, 1914c:22), Simaethis [misspelling]

A

fasciata (Philpott, 1930:12), Simaethis

A

homotypa (Meyrick, 1907b:109), Choreutis

A

inspoliata (Philpott, 1930:12), Simaethis

A

iochondra (Meyrick, 191la:77), Simaethis

A

lampadias (Meyrick, 1907b:110), Choreutis

A

marmarea (Meyrick, 1888:85), Simaethis

A

microlitha (Meyrick, 1888:84), Simaethis

A

ministra (Meyrick, 1912b:121), Simaethis

A

nivescens (Philpott, 1926:397), Simaethis

A

oleariae Dugdale, 1979:462

A

symbolaea (Meyrick, 1888:85), Simaethis

A

tillyardi (Philpott, 1924b:666), Simaethis

A

tristis (Philpott, 1930:12), Simaethis

A

urbana (C. Clarke, 1926:420), Simaethis

A

zomeuta (Meyrick, 1912b:121), Simaethis

Choreutis Hübner, [1825]:373 [[Phalaena] pariana Clerck, 1759]

Hemerophila Hübner, [1806]:[2] [rejected, ICZN, 1926; new synonymy]

Eutromula Frölich, 1828:11 [[Phalaena] pariana

Clerck, 1759; new synonymy]

Choreutes Treitschke, 1835:31 [emendation]

Macropia O. Costa, [1836]:[196] [Asopia incisalis Treitschke, 1829 (= Tortrix nemorana Hübner, 1796–1799); not Macropia Malloch, 1930 (Diptera); new synonymy] Chorentes [sic] Morris, 1872:iv [misspelling]

Entomoloma Ragonot, 1875:45 [Tortrix nemorana

Hübner, 1796–1799; new synonymy]

Chorentis [sic] Turner, 1898:203 [misspelling] Orchemia sensu Fernald, 1900:238 [Tortrix diana Hübner, 1819–1822; not Orchemia Guenée, 1845 (Tortricidae); new synonymy]

Hemerophila sensu Fernald, 1900:239 [Simaethis vicarialis Zeller, 1875 (= Tortrix diana Hübner, 1819–1822); not Hemerophila Hübner, 1817 (Choreutidae); new synonymy]

Choreutidia Sauber, 1902:702 [C. sexfasciella Sauber, 1902]

Allononyma Busck, 1904:745 [Tortrix diana Hübner, 1819–1822; new synonymy]

Allonyma [sic] Fracker, 1915:77 [misspelling] Cloreutis [sic] Kautz, 1931:28 [misspelling] Choreuthis [sic] Hackman, 1947:71 [misspelling] Chloreutis [sic] Viette, 1947:40 [misspelling] Allonomyia [sic] Ferguson, 1975:41 [misspelling]

O

achyrodes (Meyrick, 1912a:46), Simaethis [new combination]

albifascialis (Marumo, 1923:199), Simaethis

kochiensis (Matsumura, 193la: 1080), Simaethis

P

aegyptiaca (Zeller, 1867:461), Simaethis [new combination]

O

amethystodes (Meyrick, 1914b:57), Simaethis [new combination]

O

angulosa (Diakonoff, [1968]:202), Anthophila [new combination]

O

anthorma (Meyrick, 1912a:42), Simaethis [new combination]

O

antichlora (Meyrick, 1912a:44), Simaethis [new combination]

O

antiptila Meyrick, 1912a:56

O

argoxantha (Meyrick, 1934b:458), Simaethis [new combination]

P

atrosignata (Christoph, 1888:311), Simaethis [new combination]

moiwana (Matsumura, 1931a:1080), Simaethis ussuriensis (Danilevsky and Kuznetsov, 1973:15), Hemerophila

A,O

basalis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:18), Simaethis [new combination]

chionodesma (Lower, 1896:167), Simaethis

P

bathysema (Diakonoff, 1978a:25), Eutromula [new combination]

N

betuliperda (Dyar, 1902:403), Orchemia [new combination]

A

chalcotoxa (Meyrick, 1886a:287), Simaethis [new combination]

A

chelaspis (Meyrick, 1928b:504), Simaethis [new combination]

A

chi (Durrant, 1915:156), Hemerophila [new combination]

O

collapsa (Meyrick, 1934b:457), Simaethis [new combination]

O

cothurnata (Meyrick, 1912a:45), Simaethis [new combination]

P

cunuligera (Diakonoff, 1978b:205), Eutromula [new combination]

P

cyanogramma (Diakonoff and Arita, 1979a:15), Eutromula [new combination]

A

cyanotoxa (Meyrick, 1907b:113), Simaethis [new combination]

H

diana (Hübner, [1819–22]: pl. 44: fig. 247), Tortrix

dianalis (Treitschke, 1835:31), Choreutes [sic] [emendation]

decorana (Zetterstedt, [1839]:982), Coccyx

luridana (Walker, 1863b:318), Amphisa

vicarialis (Zeller, 1875:322), Simaethis

vicarilis [sic] (Dyar, 1900:41), Simaethis [misspelling]

O

dichlora (Meyrick, 1912a:48), Simaethis [new combination]

pilaria (Meyrick, 1912a:50), Simaethis

O

diplogramma (Meyrick, 1912a:49), Simaethis [new combination]

E

dryodora (Meyrick, 1921c:111), Simaethis [new combination]

A

emplecta (Turner, 1942:93), Simaethis [new combination]

E

entechna (Meyrick, 1920b:295), Simaethis [new combination]

E

equatoris (Walsingham, 1897:53), Simaethis [new combination]

O

euclista (Meyrick, 1918c:192), Simaethis [new combination]

O

eumetra (Meyrick, 1912a:43), Simaethis [new combination]

A

falsifica (Meyrick, 1927a:104), Simaethis [new combination]

E

flavimaculata (Walsingham, 1891:77), Simaethis [new combination]

O

fulminea (Meyrick, 1912a:48), Simaethis [new combination]

E

gratiosa (Meyrick, 191lb:290), Simaethis [new combination]

O

hestiarcha Meyrick, 1912a:54

O

holachyrma (Meyrick, 1912a:47), Simaethis [new combination]

P

hyligenes (Butler, 1879:80), Simaethis [new combination]

P

hypocroca (Diakonoff, 1978a:23), Eutromula [new combination]

O

ialeura (Meyrick, 1912a:46), Simaethis [new combination]

O

inscriptana (Snellen, 1875:76), Simaethis [new combination]

O

irimochla (Meyrick, 1921b:182), Simaethis [new combination]

E

irridens (Meyrick, 1921c:111), Simaethis [new combination]

O

itriodes (Meyrick, 1912a:49), Simaethis [new combination]

P

japonica (Zeller, 1877:176), Simaethis [new combination]

O

lethaea (Meyrick, 1912a:47), Simaethis [new combination]

A

limonias (Meyrick, 1907b:111), Simaethis [new combination]

E

ludifica (Meyrick, 1914a:283), Simaethis [new combination]

O

lutescens (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:18), Simaethis [new combination]

a-coeruleum (Pagenstecher, 1884:287), Simaethis

a-caeruleum [sic] (Meyrick, 1907b:114), Simaethis [misspelling]

A

lygaeopa (Turner, 1923:166), Simaethis [new combination]

A

melanopepla (Meyrick, 1880:212), Simaethis [new combination]

O

melophaga (Meyrick, 1931b:182), Simaethis [new combination]

P

mesolyma (Diakonoff, 1978a:27), Eutromula [new combination]

A

metallica (Turner, 1898:202), Simaethis [new combination]

P

minuta (Diakonoff and Arita, 1979a:10), Eutromula [new combination]

P

montana (Danilevsky and Kuznetsov, 1973:16), Hemerophila [new combination]

P

nemorana (Hübner, [1796–1799]: pl. 1: fig. 3), Tortrix

incisalis (Treitschke, 1829:157), Asopia

nemoranalis (Treitschke, 1829:158), Asopia [emendation]

A

niphocrypta (Meyrick, 1930c:6), Simaethis [new combination]

O

novarae Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6

O

abarata (Meyrick, 1921b:184), Simaethis [new combination]

A,O

ophiosema (Lower, 1896:167), Simaethis [new combination]

O

optica (Meyrick, 1921b:183), Simaethis [new combination]

A

ornaticornis (Walsingham, 1900a:77), Simaethis [new combination]

O

orthogona (Meyrick, 1886a:287), Simaethis [new combination]

H

pariana (Clerck, 1759: pi. 10: fig. 9),

[Phalaena] lutosa (Haworth, [1811]:472), Anthophila

parialis (Treitschke, 1829:159), Asopia [emendation]

pariava [sic] (Desmarest, 1849:330), Xylopoda [misspelling]

parina [sic] (Procter, 1946:317), Anthophila [misspelling]

O

parva (Pagenstecher, 1884:288), Simaethis [new combination]

O

pelargodes (Meyrick, 1921b:183), Simaethis [new combination]

A

periploca (Turner, 1913:210), Simaethis [new combination]

O

piepersiana (Snellen, 1885a:19), Simaethis [new combination]

E

plectodes (Meyrick, 1921c:111), Simaethis [new combination]

O

plumbealis (Pagenstecher, 1884:288), Simaethis [new combination]

A

porphyratma (Meyrick, 1930c:5), Simaethis [new combination]

O

psilachyra (Meyrick, 1912a:47), Simaethis [new combination]

A

pyrrhoclista (Meyrick, 1922:486), Simaethis [new combination]

E

quincyella (Legrand, 1965:48), Anthophila [new combination]

A,O

regularis (Pagenstecher, 1884:288), Simaethis [new combination]

O

sandaracina (Meyrick, 1907a:748), Simaethis [new combination]

P

sapporensis (Matsumura, 1931a:1080), Simaethis [new combination]

O

semicincta (Meyrick, 1921b:182), Simaethis [new combination]

O

sexfasciella (Sauber, 1902:702), Choreutidia

sexfassiella [sic] (Arita, 1976:115), Eutromula [misspelling]

A

simplex Diakonoff, 1955:29

E

stereocrossa (Meyrick, 1921c:110), Simaethis [new combination]

O

strepsidesma (Meyrick, 1912a:45), Simaethis [new combination]

A,O

streptatma Meyrick, 1938b:523 macropa (Diakonoff, 1948:204), Anthophila

O

submarginalis (Walker, [1866]:1286), Herbula [new combination; not Herbula submarginalis Walker, [1866]:1288 (Pyralidae)]

multiferalis (Walker, [1866]:1286), Herbula

sessilis (Pagenstecher, 1886:179), Simaethis

A

sycopola (Meyrick, 1880:211), Simaethis [new combination]

O

taprobanes (Zeller, 1877:178), Simaethis [new combination]

P

threnodes (Walsingham, 1910:257), Simaethis [new combination]

O

tigroides (Meyrick, 1921b:181), Simaethis [new combination]

A

tomicodes (Meyrick, 1930c:5), Simaethis [new combination]

A

topitis (Durrant, 1915:167), Hemerophila [new combination]

E

torridula (Meyrick, 1926b:304), Simaethis [new combination]

O

tricyanitis (Meyrick, 1925b:431), Simaethis [new combination]

O

trogalia (Meyrick, 1912a:43), Simaethis [new combination]

E

turilega (Meyrick, 1924:554), Simaethis [new combination]

P

vinosa (Diakonoff, 1978b:202), Eutromula [new combination]

P

v. discolor (Diakonoff and Arita, 1979a:29), Eutromula [new combination]

O

xanthogramma (Meyrick, 1912a:42), Simaethis [new combination]

P

yakushimensis (Marumo, 1923:198), Simaethis [new combination]

Saptha Walker, 1864:1015 [S. divitiosa Walker, 1864]

Badera Walker, 1866:1819 [B. pretiosa Walker, 1866]

Chordates Snellen, 1877:49 [Simaethis pronubana Snellen, 1877]

Choredates [sic] Pagenstecher, 1884:289 [misspelling]

Saphtha [sic] Walsingham, 1900b:567 [misspelling]

O

aeolodoxa (Meyrick, 1928a:423), Tortyra [new combination]

O

angustistriata (Issiki, 1930:423), Tortyra [new combination]

O

beryllitis (Meyrick, 1910a:462), Tortyra [new combination]

A

chrysoprasitis (Meyrick, 1936a:617), Tortyra [new combination]

O

cypridia (Meyrick, 1910a:462), Tortyra [new combination]

O

divitiosa Walker, 1864:1015

prodigella (Walker, 1866:1820), Badera

nobilis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:3), Badera

striana (Snellen, 1885a:17), Choregia

O

elegans Walsingham, 1900b:567, Saphtha [sic]

A

exanthista (Meyrick, 1910a:464), Tortyra [new combination]

prodigella (Meyrick, 1907b:100), Tortyra [not Badera prodigella Walker, 1866]

A

iridopa (Meyrick, 1907b:97), Tortyra [new combination]

A

libanota (Meyrick, 1910a:463), Tortyra [new combination]

O

macrospila (Diakonoff, [1968]:200), Tortyra [new combination]

A

paradelpha (Meyrick, 1907b:98), Tortyra [new combination]

A

prasochalca (Meyrick, 1907b:98), Tortyra [new combination]

O

pretiosa (Walker, 1866:1819), Badera [new combination]

basalis (Snellen, 1885a:18), Choregia

formosana (Matsumura, 1931a:1081), Tortyra

O

pronubana (Snellen, 1877:48), Simaethis [new combination]

O

smaragditis Meyrick, 1905:610

centrifuga (Meyrick, 1910a:463), Tortyra

A

sybaritis (Meyrick, 1912a:37), Tortyra [new combination]

A

tabularia (Meyrick, 1912a:37), Tortyra [new combination]

Tortyra Walker, 1863a:510 [T. spectabilis Walker, 1863]

Choregia Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6 [C. fulgens Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875; not Choregia Warren, 1899 (Geometridae)]

Choregia Zeller, 1877:191 [C. fulgens Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875]

NL

aenescens (Dognin, 1905:90), Choregia

NL

argentifascia Walsingham, 1914:313

NL

auriferalis Walker, 1863b:510

NL

aurofasciana (Snellen, 1875:74), Simaethis aurofasciata [sic] Wolcott, 1936:485 [misspelling]

NL

cantharodes Meyrick, 1922:484

NL

caracasiae Amsel, 1956:290

NL

chalcobathra Meyrick, 1922:485

NL

chalcodes Walsingham, 1914:312

NL

cuprinella Busck, 1914b:57

NL

ferratella Busck, 1914b:58

NL

fulgens (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6), Choregia

NL

hyalozona Meyrick, 1912a:38

NL

ignita (Zeller, 1877:195), Choregia

NL

malacozona Meyrick, 1922:485

NL

orphnophanes Meyrick, 1932c:275

NL

rhodochlaena Meyrick, 1930c:5

N

slossonia (Fernald, 1900:244), Walsinghamia

NL

spectabilis Walker, 1863b:510

NL

sporodelta Meyrick, 1922:485

NL

violacea (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6), Choregia

NL

vividis Busck, [1934]:185

Hemerophila Hübner, [1817]: pl. 213: fig. 1 [Phalaena (Tortrix) albertiana Cramer, 1781; not Hemerophila Stephens, 1829 (Geometridae)]

Gauris Hübner, 1821:[1] [Phalaena (Tortrix) albertiana Cramer, 1781]

Walsinghamia Riley, 1889:157 [W. diva Riley, 1889]

Guaris [sic] Fernald, 1900:236 [misspelling]

NL

albertiana (Cramer, 1781:163), Phalaena (Tortrix) siphana

(Sepp, [1832–1840]:139), Phalaena zebra

(Walker, [1858]:774), Agrophila

NL

arcigera (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:10), Gauris

NL

biferana (Walker, 1863b:418), Gauris

NL

bigerana (Walker, 1863b:419), Gauris lacunaris

(Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:10), Gauris

NL

canofusana (Walker, 1863b:419), Gauris

NL

chorica (Meyrick, 1926b:302), Tortyra

NL

cinctipes (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:10), Gauris

variety isthmia Walsingham, 1914:318

NL

contrariana (Walker, 1863b:420), Gauris

NL

contubernalis (Zeller, 1877:175), Simaethis

N

diva (Riley, 1889:158), Walsinghamia

N,NL

dyari Busck, 1900:242

NL

felis Walsingham, 1914:315

NL

gradella Walsingham, 1914:316

NL

houttuinialis (Cramer, 1782:192), Phalaena (Pyralis)

houttuynnialis (Verloren, 1837:143), Botys [emendation]

pulsana (Walker, 1863b:417), Gauris

houttuinalis [sic] (Zeller, 1877:182), Simaethis [misspelling]

huituinalis [sic] Busck, 1914b:56 [misspelling]

houttuynialis Walsingham, 1914:315 [emendation]

NL

immarginata Walsingham, 1914:317

NL

laciniosella Busck, 1914b:44

NL

meratella Busck, 1914b:55

NL

milliaria (Meyrick, 1922:486), Simaethis

NL

musicosema (Meyrick, 1926b:305), Simaethis

NL

ophiodesma (Meyrick, 1915b:216), Simaethis

NL

orinympha (Meyrick, 1926b:304), Simaethis

NL

rimulalis (Zeller, 1875:321), Simaethis

NL

scenophora (Meyrick, 1922:486), Simaethis

NL

triacmias (Meyrick, 1926b:304), Simaethis

NL

tristis (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:10), Gauris

NL

velatana (Walker, 1863b:420), Gauris

NL

xutholopa Walsingham, 1914:318

Zodia Heppner, 1979b:685 [Simaethis plutusana Walker, 1863]

NL

chrysosperma (Meyrick, 1931b:183), Brenthia

NL

ochripalpis (Meyrick, 1920a:335), Brenthia

NL

plutusana (Walker, 1863b:453), Simaethis

aeneigutta (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:6), Choreutis

plutana (Meyrick, 1913a:37), Simaethis [emendation]

NL

rutilella (Walker, 1863b:453), Simaethis

NL

scintillana (Walker, 1863b:454), Simaethis

Melanoxena Dognin, 1910:121 [M. falsissima Dognin, 1910]

NL

falsissima Dognin, 1910:122

Rhobonda Walker, 1863b:424 [R. gaurisana Walker, 1863]

NL

gaurisana Walker, 1863b:425 gauridana Meyrick, 1913a:34 [emendation]

NL

heliaspis (Meyrick, 1926b:303), Tortyra [new combination]

O

palaeocosma (Meyrick, 1926b:303), Tortyra [new combination]

Taxa Excluded from Choreutidae

1. Genus hereby transferred to Oecophoridae (Stenomatinae):

Lygronoma Meyrick, 1913b:100 [L. sporimaea Meyrick, 1913]

NL

sporimaea Meyrick, 1913b:100

2. Species excluded to Oecophoridae (Stenomatinae) (transferred by Heppner, 1977b):

NL

“Brenthia” cyanastra Meyrick, 1909a:40 [unplaced]

NL

“Hilarographa” fassliana Dognin, 1913:417 [unplaced]

NL

Setiostoma albipes (Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875:18), Simaethis [new combination]

3. Genus hereby transferred to Oecophoridae (Xyloryctinae):

Symphorostola Meyrick, 1927c:376 [S. encomias Meyrick, 1927]

O

encomias Meyrick, 1927c:376

4. Species hereby transferred to Gelechiidae:

NL

“Simaethis” chalybea Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875: 18 [unplaced]

5. Species excluded to Glyphipterigidae (transferred by Heppner, 1977b):

NL

Cronicombra lamella (Busck, 1914b:59), Porpe

6. Genus hereby transferred to Yponomeutidae:

Iridostoma Meyrick, 1909b:425 [T. ichthyopa Meyrick, 1909]

O

ichthyopa Meyrick, 1909b:425

7. Species excluded to Tortricidae (Hilarographini) (transferred by Diakonoff, 1977):

P

Mictocommosis nigromaculata (Issiki, 1930:423), Simaethis takaonis (Matsumura, 1931a:1081), Anthophila

8. Species previously excluded to Pyralidae:

P

Simaethis [sic] leechi Caradja, 1926:373 (= Simaethistis leechi R. South, 1901)

P

“Choreutis” pentacyba Meyrick, 1926c:110 [unplaced in Odontiinae]

9. Species previously excluded to Noctuidae (Acontiinae):

P

Ozarba lascivalis (Lederer, 1855:233), Choreutis

Genera recently transferred to Tortricidae (Chlidanotinae: Hilarographini) include Hilarographa, Idiothauma, Mictopsichia, Thaumatographa, and the new genera Mictocommosis, Nexosa, and Embolostoma (Diakonoff, 1977; Heppner, 1978). The genus Irianassa also belongs to the Hilarographini. Genera once included as the subfamily Hypertrophinae of Choreutidae are now in Oecophoridae (Common, 1970). In addition to genera transferred to Glyphipterigidae (sensu stricto), notes on the family position of other genera associated with the choreutids, formerly in Glyphipterigidae (auctorum), and not mentioned here will be given in the generic catalog elucidating these names (Heppner, in prep., a).

Addendum

Following corrections of proofs of this paper, information was made available (D. S. Fletcher, pers. comm.) regarding the unavailability of a type-species designation being used for the genus Choreutis Hübner. It was pointed out that the earliest valid type-species designation for Choreutis was that of Walsingham (1908:987) using Phalaena pariana Clerck, instead of the species usually referred to this genus, Pyralis myllerana Fabricius. The result of this change requires the transfer of Choreutis Hübner, 1825, to a group of species up to now referred to Eutromula Frölich, 1828, with the latter genus becoming a junior objective synonym of Choreutis. The species formerly referred to Choreutis, in addition, require a new generic name. Inasmuch as voting procedures at the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature apparently would preclude a decision to retain Choreutis and Eutromula in their present sense (as much as this would seem to be the more logical choice to prevent further confusion in the family), the following new generic name is proposed for species until recently referred to Choreutis Hübner.

Prochoreutis Heppner, new name

Choreutis of authors [not Choreutis Hübner, 1825].

TYPE-SPECIES.—Pyralis myllerana Fabricius, 1794:377.

DIAGNOSIS.—Adults small (forewing lengths of 4–7.5 mm); labial palpus upcurved, with scale tuft ventrally on segment 2; forewing with pterostigma; costal and dorsal margins convex, and apex acute; Sc to margin at ½ distance to apex; R1-R4 to costal margin; R5 to termen; R3 and R4, and R5 and M1 convergent at end of cell; M3 free to CuA1; CuA1 and CuA2 nearly parallel, then divergent at termen; CuP present at tornus; A1+A2 with long basal stalk; hindwing Sc+R1 to near apex, Rs to apex, M1 to termen, M3 short-stalked with CuA1, and cubital veins nearly parallel, with CuP present at tornus; male genitalia with uncus absent, socius large around anal tube, gnathos absent, valva usually simple with setal fields and spines, aedeagus with phallobase, and cornuti with serrations; female genitalia with unspecialized ovipositor, ostium usually a simple cup shape on posterior edge of genital plate of sternite 7 (rarely on sternite), ductus bursae often partially or fully sclerotized, bursa copulatrix usually a simple ovate shape, and signum usually an invaginated spicule line, patch, or thorns.

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1979a. [Contribution.] In Y. Arita and A. Diakonoff, A Survey of the Japanese Species of Anthophila Haworth and Eutromula Froelich and Their Early Stages (Lepidoptera, Choreutidae), with an Appendix. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden), 166:1–42. [Species descriptions.]

1979b. Three New Species of the So-called Glyphipterigidae Auctorum from Japan (Lepidoptera). Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden), 54:87–100.

Dognin, Paul

1905.   Hétérocères nouveaux de l'Amérique du Sud. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 49:61–90.

1910.   Hétérocères nouveaux de l'Amérique du Sud. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 54:113–122.

1913.   Hétérocères nouveaux de l'Amerique du Sud. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 57:380–417.

Donovan, Edward

[1792]–1813.   The Natural History of British Insects: Explaining Them in Their Several States, the Periods of Their Transformations, Their Food, Oeconomy & c., Together with the History of Such Minute Insects as Require Investigation by the Microscope. 16 volumes, 576 plates. London. [1795: volume 4, 96 pages, plates 109–144. 1797: volume 6, 96 pages, plates 181–206.]

Druce, Herbert

1881–1900.   Lipidoptera-Heterocera [volumes 1, 2]. In F. D. Godman, and O. Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 39:1–490, plates 1–40; 40:1–622, plates 41–101. London: Taylor and Francis. [Volume 1:1–24 (1881), 25–32 (1883), 33–112 (1884). Volume 2:273–336 (1896), 337–440 (1897), 441–536 (1898), 537–592 (1899), 593–622 (1900).]

1882.   Descriptions of New Species of Aegeriidae and Sphingidae. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 19:15–18.

1889.   Descriptions of New Species of Lepidoptera Chiefly from Central America. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 4:77–94.

1892.   Descriptions of a New Genus and Some New Species of Heterocera from Central America. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 9: 275–279.

1893.   Descriptions of New Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Central and South America. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1893:280–311.

1898.   Descriptions of Some New Species of Heterocera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 1:207–215.

1899.   Descriptions of Some New Species of Heterocera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 4:200–205.

1910a. Descriptions of Some New Species of Heterocera from Tropical Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 5:393–402.

1910b. Descriptions of Some New Species of Heterocera from East and West Africa and Tropical South America. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 6:168–183.

1911.   Descriptions of Some New Species of Heterocera from Tropical America and Two New Species of Geometridae from West Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 7:287–294.

Drury, Dru

1770–1782. Illustrations of Natural History, Wherein Are Exhibited Upwards Of Two Hundred and Forty Figures of Exotic Insects, According to Their Different Genera;…3 volumes. London. [1770: volume 1, 130 pages, 50 plates. 1773: volume 2, 90 pages, 50 plates. 1782: volume 3, 76 pages, 50 plates.]

Duckworth, Walter Donald

1969.   A New Species of Aegeriidae from Venezuela Predaceous on Scale Insects (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 71:487–490.

Duckworth, W. Donald, and Thomas D. Eichlin

1973a. The Type-Material of North American Clear-wing Moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 148: 34 pages.

1973b. New Species of Clearwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 75:150–159.

1974.   Clearwing Moths of Australia and New Zealand (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 180: 45 pages.

1976.   A New Species of Clearwing Moth (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Northern Mexico and Southeastern Arizona. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 78:304–308.

1977a. Two New Species of Clearwing Moths (Sesiidae) from Eastern North America Clarified by Sex Pheromones. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 31:191–196.

1977b. A New Species of Clearwing Moth from Southcentral Texas. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 53:175–178.

1977c. A Classification of the Sesiidae of America North of Mexico (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea). Occasional Papers in Entomology (Sacramento), 26:1–54.

1978a. The Type-Material of Central and South American Clearwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 261: 28 pages.

1978b. The Clearwing Moths of California (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Occasional Papers in Entomology (Sacramento), 27:1–82; 7 plates.

Dugdale, John S.

1979.   A New Generic Name for the New Zealand Species Previously Assigned to Simaethis Auctorum (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae), with Description of a New Species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 6:461–466.

Dumont, C.

1922.   Diagnoses de lépidoptères nouveaux du nord de l'Afrique. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1922:215–220.

Duponchel, Philogene Auguste Joseph

1835.   Crepusculaires. In J. B. Godart, Histoire naturelle des lépidoptères ou papillons de France, Supplement, 3: 197 pages, 12 plates. Paris: Méquignon-Marvis.

1842.   Nocturnes. In J. B. Godart, Histoire naturelle des lépidoptères ou papillons de France, Supplement, 4:554 pages, plates 51–90. Paris: Méquignon-Marvis.

1843.   Atychides. In C. d'Orbigny, Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle…, 10:329. Paris. [See Iredale, 1937, for dates.]

Durrant, John Hartley

1914.   Descriptions of Two New Tineina (Lep.) from the Lagos District. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1913:513–514.

1915.   Microlepidoptera (Pterophorina and Tineina) Collected by the British Ornithologists' Union and Wollaston Expedition in the Snow Mountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea. In Lepidoptera of the British Ornithologists' Union and Wollaston Expedition in the Snow Mountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea, pages 149–168. London: British Museum.

1919.   Three New Genera of Tineina Resembling Aegeriadae. Novitates Zoologicae, 26:120–122.

1924.   [Contribution.] In E. B. Poulton. Further Bionomic Notes on Lepidoptera and Other Insects from the Federated Malay States and Peninsular Siam by Capt. H. M. Pendlebury. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, 1923:lxxiii-lxxxix.

Dyar, Harrison Gray

1900.   Notes on Some North American Yponomeutidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 32:37–41, 84–86.

1902.   Descriptions of the Larvae of Some Moths from Colorado. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 25:369–412.

[1903.] A List of North American Lepidoptera and Key to the Literature of this Order of Insects. United States National Museum Bulletin, 52:1–723.

1904.   Addition to the List of North American Lepidoptera, No. 2. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 6:103–119.

Edwards, Henry

1880.   Descriptions of Some New Forms of Aegeriidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 3:71–72.

1881.   New Genera and Species of the Family Aegeriidae. Papilio, 1:179–208.

1882a. Notes on North American Aegeriidae, with Descriptions of New Forms. Papilio, 2:52–57.

1882b. Further Notes and Descriptions of North American Aegeriidae. Papilio, 2:96–99.

1882c. Descriptions of New Species of North American Heterocera. Papilio, 2:123–130.

1883.   New Species of Aegeriidae. Papilio, 3:155–157.

1885.   New Species of Californian Moths. Entomologica Americana, 1:49–50.

1887.   Descriptions of New Species of North American Heterocera, with Notes. The Canadian Entomologist, 19:145–147.

1888.   Catalogue of Species of the Higher Families of the North American Heterocera, Described since Grote's “New Check List” (1872), with Those Omitted from That Publication. Entomologica Americana, 3:221–232.

1891.   [Contribution.] In O. Lugger, Two New Lepidopterous Borers. Psyche, 6:108–109.

Emich von Emöke, Gustav

1872a. Descriptions de lépidoptères de Transcaucasie. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée (Paris), series 2, 23:63–64.

1872b. Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna transkaukasiens und Beschreibung zwei neuer Arten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 9:40–44.

Engelhardt, George Paul

1925a. Studies in North American Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera), I: Descriptions and Corrections of Species from Long Island, New York. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 20:61–69.

1925b. Studies of North American Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera), III: Clematis Root Borers of America North of Mexico. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 20:153–158.

1925c. Studies of North American Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera), II: Descriptions of Two New Western Species. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 20: 215–217.

1946.   The North American Clearwing Moths of the Family Aegeriidae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 190:1–222, 32 plates.

Erichson, Wilhelm Ferdinand

1843.   Beitrag zur Insekten Fauna von Angola in besonderer Beziehung zur geographischen Verbreitung der Insekten in Afrika. [Wiegmann's] Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 9:199–267.

Erschoff, Nicholai Grigorevich

1874.   Cheshuyekriliya [Lepidoptera]. In A. P. Fedtchenko, [Travels in Turkestan], fascicle 2. [Zoogeographical Studies], part 5, section 3, 128 pages. Petersburg and Moscow. [In Russian; German reprint, in part in 1874 as “Lepidopteren von Turkestan,” Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 35: 386–417.]

1877.   Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus den verschiedenen Provinzen des russischen Reiches. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 12:336–348.

Esper, Eugen Johann Christoph

1778–1786.   Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Naturmit Beschreibungen. Volume 2, 234 pages, 36 plates. Erlangen: W. Walthers. [1778: plates 1–6. 1779: 1–80, plates 7–18. 1780:81–196, plates 19–25. 1782:197–212, plates 26–31. 1783:213–228, plates 32–35. 1786:229–234, plate 36. Dates taken from original covers; dates in Sherborn & Woodward, 1901, are incomplete and in part incorrect.]

1789–[1804].   Abendschmetterlinge. In Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, supplement, 2(2): 52 pages, plates 37–47. Erlangen: W. Walthers. [[1789]:5–12, plates [38–40]. 1800:21–40, plates 42–46. [1803–1804]:41–52, plate 47.]

Eversmann, Eduardus Friedrich

1841.   Lepidoptera. In Fauna entomologica, quam per viginti fere annes in provinciis Volgam fluvium inter et Montes Uralensis observavit et descriptionibus illustravit, volume 1, 166 pages. Casani.

1844.   Fauna lepidopterologica Volga-Uralensis exhibens lepidopterorum species. 633 pages. Casani.

Fabricius, Johann Christian

1775.   Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. 832 pages. Flensburgi [= Flensburg] and Lipsiae [= Leipzig]. [Priority among works of 1775, ICZN, 1958.]

1776.   Genera insectorum eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm et proportionem omnium partim oris adiecta mantissa specierum nuper detectrum. 310 pages. Chilonii [= Cologne].

1787.   Mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectis synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus. 382 pages. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: Proft.

1793.   Entomologica systematica emendata et aucta: Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Volume 3, part 1, 487 pages. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: Proft.

1794.   Entomologica systematica emendata et aucta: Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Volume 3, part 2, 349 pages. Hafniae [= Copenhagen]: Proft.

1807a. [Contribution.] In J. C. Illiger, Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den linneischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx. Magazin für Insektenkunde, 6:277–295. [See ICZN, 1954, for priority over Fabricius, 1807b.]

1807b. Index alphabeticus in systema antliatorum genera et species continens…1806. 32 pages. Brunsvici [= Braunschweig]: Reichard.

Failla-Tedaldi, Luigi

1883.   Caccia di lepidotteri rari. Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di Scienze Naturali (Palermo), 2:249–250.

1890.   Contribuzione alla fauna lepidotterologica della Sicilia: Descrizione di alcune nuove specie. It Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di Scienze Naturali (Palermo), 10:25–31, 1 plate.

Fawcett, J. M.

1916.   Notes on a Collection of Heterocera Made by Mr. W. Feather in British East Africa, 1911–1913. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1916: 707–737.

Feisthamel, Joachim Francois Philiberto de

1833.   Chimera [sic] funebris. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 2:259–260.

Felder, Cajetan

1861.   Lepidopterorum amboinensium a Drc. L. Dole-schall annis 1856–58 collectorum species novae diagnosibus collustratae, II: Heterocera. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Vienna), 43(1):26–44.

Felder, Rudolf

1874.   Lepidoptera: Atlas. In C. Felder, R. Felder, and A. F. Rogenhofer, Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair, Zoologischer Theil, volume 2, part 2, [fascicle 4], 10 pages, plates 75–107. Vienna. [See Higgins, 1963, for dates.]

Felder, R. and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer

1875.   Lepidoptera: Atlas. In C. Felder, R. Felder, and A. F. Rogenhofer, Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den behilfen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf Urbair, Zoologischer Theil, volume 2, part 2, [fascicle 5], 20 pages, plates 108–140. Vienna. [See Higgins, 1963, for dates.]

Ferguson, Douglas Campbell

1975.   Host Records for Lepidoptera Reared in Eastern North America. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1521:1–49.

Fernald, Charles Henry

1900.   On the North American Species of Choreutis and its Allies. The Canadian Entomologist, 32:236–245.

Fibiger, M., and Niels P. Kristensen

1974.   The Sesiidae (Lepidoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. In Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 2: 91 pages. Gadstrup, Denmark: Scandinavian Science Press.

Fischer de Waldheim, Gotthelf

1832.   Lepidopterorum rariorum rossicae observationes quinque. Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Imperialè de Naturalistes de Moscou, 2:355–360; plates 19–21.

Fixsen, C.

1887.   Lepidoptera aus Korea. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères, 3:233–356.

Fletcher, Thomas Bainbrigge

1914.   Some South Indian Insects and Other Animals of Importance Considered Especially from a Economic Point of View. 565 pages. Madras: Ministry of Agriculture.

1933.   Life-Histories of Indian Microlepidoptera (Second Series): Cosmopterygidae to Neopseustidae. Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, Science Monograph (Delhi), 4:1–85, 57 plates.

1940.   New Generic Names for Microlepidoptera. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 52:17–19.

Forbes, William Trowbridge Merrifield

1923.   The Lepidoptera of New York and Neighboring States, Part 1. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 68:3–729.

Forster, Walter

1954.   Biologie der Schmetterlinge. In W. Forster, and T. A. Wohlfahrt, Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas, 1: 201 pages. Stuttgart.

Fracker, Stanley Black

1915.   The Classification of Lepidopterous Larvae. Illinois Biological Monographs, 2:1–161, 10 plates.

Frey, H.

1880.   Die Lepidopteren der Schweiz. 454 pages. Leipzig: Engelmann.

Freyer, C. F.

1833–1858.   Neuere Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur. 7 volumes. Augsburg. [1836: volume 2, 162 pages, 96 plates. 1842: volume 4, 167 pages, 96 plates. 1845: volume 5, 166 pages, 96 plates.]

Frölich, Gottfried Franz von

1828.   Enumeratio tortricum, L., regno Württembergico indigenarum. 102 pages. Tubingae [= Tübingen].

Fuchs, Ferdinand

1908.   Sesia spuleri nov. spec. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift (Guben), 2(5):33.

Gaede, M.

1929.   Familie: Aegeriidae (Sesiidae). In A. Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, II. Abteilung: Exotische Fauna, 14 (Die afrikanischen Spinner und Schwärmer):517–538, plate 77. Stuttgart: A. Kernen.

1933a. Familie: Aegeriidae. In A. Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, II. Abtielung: Exotische Fauna, 10 (Die indo-australischen Spinner und Schwärmer): 775–802, plates 94–95. Stuttgart: A. Kernen.

1933b. Familie: Aegeriidae. In A. Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, I. Abteilung: Palaearktischen Fauna, volume 2 (Die palaearktischen Spinner und Schwärmer), supplement, pages 229–239, plate 16. Stuttgart: A. Kernen.

Geoffroy, Etienne Louis

1785.   [Contribution.] In A. F. de Fourcroy, Entomologia Parisiensis; Sive catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur…cui addita sunt nomina trivialia & fere trecentae novae species. 544 pages. Paris.

Gerasimov, Aleksei Maksimovich

1930.   Zur Lepidopteren-Fauna Mittel-Asiens, I: Microheterocera aus dem Distrikt Kaschka-Darja (SO-Buchara). Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Imperiale des Sciences (Leningrad), 31:21–48, plates 8–17.

Germadius, P.

1874.   A New Aegerian Maple Borer. American Naturalist, 8:57–58.

Ghiliani, Vittore

1852.   Elenco dei lepidotteri delgi Stati Sardi. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 14:140–247.

Giacomelli, Eugenio

1911.   Lepidopteros riojanos neuvas o poco conocidos. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 72:19–40.

Gmelin, Johann Friedrich

1789.   Caroli a Linné,…Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis locis. Volume 1, part 5. Lipsiae [= Leipzig]: G. M. Beer.

Greenfield, M. D., and M. G. Karandinos

1979.   A New Species of Paranthrene (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 81:499–504.

Griffin, Francis J.

1931.   The Dates of Publication of Wood (W.): “Index Entomologicus,” 1833–1838. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 10, 8:178.

1939.   The “Lepidoptera of Ceylon,” Vols. 1–3, by F. Moore, 1880–1887. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 1(7):206.

Grote, Augustus Radcliffe

1875.   On Certain Species of Moths from Florida. The Canadian Entomologist, 7:173–176.

1880.   New Species of North American Moths. The Canadian Entomologist, 12:213–220.

1881a. A New Species of North American Aegeriidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 3:78–79.

1881b. A Choreutes [sic] of Silphium integrifolium. Papilio, 1: 40.

Grote, A. R., and Coleman Townsend Robinson

1868.   Descriptions of American Lepidoptera, No. 4. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 2: 179–206.

Grum-Grzhimailo, Grigorij Efimovich

1890.   Le Pamir et sa faune lepidopterologique. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères, 4:1–577, plates 1–21.

1893.   Lepidoptera palaearctica nova. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 27:379–386.

Guenée, Achille

1845.   Essai sur une nouvelle classification des microlépidoptères et catalogue des éspeces européenes connues jusqu'ace jour. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, series 2, 3:105–192, 297–344. [Reprinted in [1846] as Europaeorum Microlepidopterorum Index Methodicus.…]

1852.   Noctuélites [part 2]. In J. B. A. D. de Boisduval and A. Guenée, Histoire naturelle des insectes: Spécies général des lépidoptères, 6: 444 pages. Paris: Roret.

Hackman, Walter

1947.   On the Choreuthis[sic]-myllerana-Group (Lepid., Choreuthidae [sic]). Notulae Entomologica, 26:71–75.

Hampson, George Francis

1891.   The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. In Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 144 pages, plates 139–156. London: British Museum.

[1893a.] Moths, volume 1, 527 pages. In W. T. Blanford, The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. London: Taylor and Francis.

1893b. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. In Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 182 pages, plates 157–176. London: British Museum.

1895.   Descriptions of New Heterocera from India. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 277–315.

1896.   [Contribution.] In T. de Grey Walsingham and G. F. Hampson, On Moths Collected at Aden and in Somaliland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896:257–283.

1897–1901.   The Moths of India: Supplementary Paper to the Volumes in “The Fauna of British India.” The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11(2):277–297 (1897); 11:438–462, 698–724 (1898); 12:73–98 (1898); 12:304–314, 475–485, 697–715 (1899); 13:37–51, 223–235 (1900); 13: 499–520, 571–591 (1901).

1906.   [Contribution.] In H. J. Elwes, G. Hampson, and J. H. Durrant, On the Lepidoptera Collected by the Officers on the Recent Tibet Frontier Commission. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1906:479–498.

1910a. Descriptions of New African Moths. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 5:430–496; 6: 116–141, 145–160.

1910b. The Moths of India: Supplementary Paper to the Volumes in “The Fauna of British India.” The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 20:83–125, 634–674, 1046–1083.

1910c. Zoological Collections from Northern Rhodesia and Adjacent Territories. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1910:388–510.

1919.   A Classification of the Aegeriidae of the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions. Novitates Zoologicae, 26:46–119.

Harris, Thaddeus William

1828.   Insects. New England Farmer, 7:33–34.

1830.   Insects. New England Farmer, 9:1–2.

1839.   Descriptive Catalogue of North American Insects, Belonging to the Linnean Genus Sphinx, etc. American Journal of Science, 36:282–320.

1854.   Reports on Some of the Diseases and Insects Affecting Trees and Vines. Proceedings of the American Pomological Society Congress, 1854:197–217.

Hartig, Federico

1956.   Prodromus dei microlepidotteri della Venezia tridentina e delle regioni adiacenti. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali (Trento), 33:89–148.

Hartmann, August

1880.   Die Kleinschmetterlinge des europäischen Faunengebietes. Erscheinungszeit der Raupen und Falter, Nahrung und biologische Notizen. 182 pages. Munich: T. Ackermann.

Haworth, Adrian Hardy

1803–1828.   Lepidoptera Britannica, sistens digestimen novam Lepidopterorum quae in Magna Britannica reperiunter…adjunguntur dissertationes variae ad historiam naturalam spectantes. 609 pages. London: J. Murray. [1803: [part 1], pages 1–136. [1809]: [part 2], pages 137–376. [1811]: [part 3], pages 377–512. 1828: [part 4], pages 513–609.]

Heinemann, Hermann von

1870.   Die Motten und Federmotten. In Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, Zweite Abtheilung: Kleinschmetterlinge, 2(1): 388 + 102 pages. Braunschweig: Schwetschke.

Heinrich, Carl

1920.   On Some Forest Lepidoptera with Descriptions of New Species, Larvae and Pupae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57:53–96.

Hemming, Francis

1937.   Hübner: A Bibliographical and Systematic Account of the Entomological Works of Jacob Hübner and of the Supplements Thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer. 2 volumes. London: Royal Entomological Society.

Heppner, John Bernhard

1976.   A New Choreutis from the San Francisco Bay Area, California (Lepidoptera: Glyphipterygidae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 52:256–262.

1977a. The Status of the Glyphipterigidae and a Reassessment of Relationships in Yponomeutoid Families and Ditrysian Superfamilies. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 31:124–134.

1977b. A New Genus and New Assignments in the American Choreutidae (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79: 631–636.

1978.   Transfers of Some Nearctic Genera and Species of Glyphipterigidae (auctorum) to Oecophoridae, Copromorphidae, Plutellidae, and Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 54:48–55.

1979a. Brachodidae, a New Family Name for Atychiidae (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea). Entomologische Berichte (Amsterdam), 39:127–128.

1979b. A New Neotropical Genus of Choreutidae (Lepidoptera: Sesioidea). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 81:685–693.

In prep. a. A Catalog of Genera Associated with the Glyphipterigidae (auctorum) of the World (Lepidoptera).

In prep. b. Synopsis of the Family Immidae (Lepidoptera: Immoidea).

Herrich-Schäffer, Gottlieb August Wilhelm

1843–1855.   Die Schwärmer, Spinner und Eulen. In Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu Jakob Hübner's Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 2: 450 + 64 pages, 191 plates. Regensburg: G. J. Manz. [1846:1–104, plates 1–8; 1848: plate 9; 1851: plate 10. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

1847–1855.   Die Schaben und Federmotten. In Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa…, 5: 394 pages, 132 plates. Regensburg: G. J. Manz. [1854:73–224. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

1850–[1869.] Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge. 102 pages, 128 plates. Regensburg: G. J. Manz. [1854: plates 17–48. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

1851–1856.   Nachtrag zum ersten Bande. In Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa…, 6:1–178. Regensburg: G. J. Manz. [1851:1–24; 1852: 25–80; 1855:81–152; 1856:153–178. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

1852–1855.   Systema Lepidopterorum Europae: Systematisches Verzeichniss der europäischen Schmetterlinge. In Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa…, 6:1–72. Regensburg: G. J. Manz. [1852:1–36; 1853:37–40; 1854:41–60; 1855:61–72. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

[1856–1861.] Neue Schmetterlinge aus Europa und den angrenzenden Ländern. 32 pages, 26 plates. Regensburg.

1866.   Schmetterlinge aus Cuba [part]. Korrespondenz-Blattdes Zoologisch-Mineralogischen Vereines in Regensburg, 20(8):109.

Herz, Otto

1904.   Lepidopteren-Ausbeute der Lena-Expedition von B. Poppius im Jahre 1901. Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Förhandlingar (Helsinki), 45(15):1–20.

Heydenreich, Gustav Heinrich

1851.   Lepidopterorum Europaeorum catalogus methodicus: Systematisches Verzeichniss der europaeischen Schmetterlinge. Third edition, 130 pages. Leipzig: Klinckhardt.

Higgins, L. G.

1963.   Dates of Publication of the Novara Reise. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 4: 153–159.

1970.   Clerck's icones insectorum rariorum. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 5:344–349, 2 plates.

Hodges, Ronald W.

1962.   A New Species of Synanthedon from Ohio (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 57:139–141.

Holland, William Jacob

1893.   Four New Genera and Species of West African Sesiidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1:181–184.

Holle, F.

1865.   Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands für junge Naturfreunde, insbesondere für die Schuljugend bearbeitet. 319 pages. Altona [Hamburg]: A. Mentzel.

Horning, Donald S., Jr, and David J. Greenwood

1977.   A Portable Cabinet for Rearing Immature Insects. The New Zealand Entomologist, 6(3):293–295.

Hübner, Jacob

1786–1790.   Beiträge zur Geschichte der Schmetterlinge. 2 volumes, 32 plates. Augsburg. [1790: volume 2, 134 pages, 16 plates. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

1796–[1838.] Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. 9 parts. Augsburg. [Part 2, Sphinges—1796: plates 1–16; [1803–1806]: plates 18–22; [1808–1813]: plates 24–29; [1824–1825]: plate 35. Part 4, Noctuae—[1803–1808]: plates 75–86. Part 7, Tortrices—[1796–1799]: plates 1–29; [1811–1813]: plates 31–37; [1819–1822]: plate 44. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

[1806.] Tentamen determinationis digestionis atque denominationis singularum stirpium Lepidopterorum, peritis as inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum, a Jacobo Hübner. 2 pages. [Rejected by ICZN, 1926.]

1806–[1838.] Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge. 3 volumes 438 plates. Augsburg. [1817]: volume 1, plate 213. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

[1808]–1837.   Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge [sic]. 5 volumes, 172 plates. Augsburg. [Volume 3—[1827–1831]: pages 1–40; plates 70–100 published without names in [1824]. See Hemming, 1937, for dates.]

1816–[1826.] Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. 431 pages. Augsburg. [1816:1–16. [1819]:17–176. [1820]:177–208. [1821]:209–256. [1823]:257–304. [1825]:304–431. [1826]: Anzeiger. See ICZN, 1943.]

1821.   Index exoticorum Lepidopterorum, in foliis 244 a Jacobo Hübner hactenus effigiatorum; Adjectis denominationibus emendatis, tam communioribus quam exactioribus. 8 pages. Augsburg.

Hufnagel,———

1766.   Zweite Tabelle, worinnen die Abendvögel angereitet werden. Berliner Magazin, 2:174–195.

Hulst, George Duryea

1881.   Description of Some New Species of North American Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 3:75–77.

1883.   Notes on Some Sesiidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 6:8–10.

1886.   Descriptions of New Pyralidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 13:145–168.

1887.   Notes upon Certain Pyralidae. Entomologica Americana, 3:21–22.

ICZN, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

1926.   Opinion 97: Did Hübner's Tentamen, 1806, Create Monotypic Genera? Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 73:19–30.

1943.   Opinion 150: On the Dates of Publication of the Several Portions of Hübner (J.), Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic], 1816–[1826]. Opinions and Declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2(17):161–168.

1954.   Opinion 232: Suppression, under Plenary Powers, of Twelve Generic Names in the Order Lepidoptera (Class Insecta) Published by Illiger in 1807 in Senses Different from Those in Which Names Were Published by Fabricius Later in the Same Year. Opinions and Declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 4(22):249–274.

1956.   Opinion 417: Rejection for Nomenclatural Purposes of Volume 3 (Zoologie) of the Work by Lorenz Oken entitled “Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte” Published in 1815–1816. Opinions and Declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 14(1):1–42.

1957.   Direction 59: Determination (a) of the Method to be Followed in Citing for the Purposes of Zoological Nomenclature the Several Portions in Which the Lepidotteri Volume by Orenzio Gabriele Costa of the Work Entitled Fauna del Regno di Napoli were Published, and (b) of the Dates Which for the Foregoing Purposes are to be Assigned to Each of Those Portions. Opinions and Declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 15(16):i–xviii.

1958.   Opinion 516: Determination Under the Plenary Powers of the Relative Precedence to be Assigned to Certain Works on the Order Lepidoptera (Class Insecta) Published in 1775 by Pieter Cramer, Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller, Johann Christian Fabricius, Johann Casper Fuessley, and S. A. von Rottemburg, Respectively. Opinions and Declarations of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 19(1):1–44.

Iredale, Tom

1937.   On the Dict. Univ. d'Hist. Nat. of d'Orbigny. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 1:33–34.

Issiki, Syuti T.

1930.   New Japanese and Formosan Microlepidoptera. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 10, 6:422–431.

Joannis, Joseph de

1908.   Contribution a I'étude de lépidoptères du Morbihan. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 77:688–769.

1909.   Description d'une nouvelle espèce francaise du genre Sesia (Lep. Sesiidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 10:183–187.

Jordan, Karl

1923.   On a Sensory Organ Found on the Head of Many Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae, 30:155–158.

Kasy, Friedrich

1979.   Die Schmetterlingsfauna des Naturschutzgebietes Hackelsberg, Nordburgenland. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, Supplement 1978, 30:1–44.

Kautz, Hans

1927.   Eine neue Sesiidae. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereins (Vienna), 12:1–4.

1931.   Mikrolepidopteren aus Corsica. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischer Gesellschaft in Wien (Sektion Lepidoptera), 80(1–2):24:30.

Kaye, William James

1924.   New Species and Subspecies of Trinidad Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1924:427.

Kearfott, William

1902.   A Revision of the North American Species of the Genus Choreutis. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 10:106–125.

1908.   New North American Tortricidae and Tineina. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 16:167188, plate 3.

Keifer, H. H.

1937.   California Microlepidoptera, XII. Bulletin of the California Department of Agriculture (Sacramento) 26: 334–338.

Kellicott, David Simons

1881.   Observations on Several Species of Aegeriadae Inhabiting the Vicinity of Buffalo, N. Y. The Canadian Entomologist, 13:3–8.

1892a. Notes on the Aegeriadae of Central Ohio, I. The Canadian Entomologist, 24:42–47.

1892b. Notes on the Aegeriadae of Central Ohio, II. The Canadian Entomologist, 24:209–212.

Kirby, William Forsell

1871.   Lepidoptera. Zoological Record, 8(Insecta):349–384.

1879.   Lepidoptera. Zoological Record, 14(Insecta): 116186.

Klimesch, Josef

1968.   Die Lepidopterenfauna Mazedoniens, IV: Microlepidoptera. 203 pages. Skopje: Prirodonaucen Muzej.

Köhler, Pablo

1941.   “Aegeriidae” Argentinas del “Instituto Miguel Lillo” (Lepidoptera Heterocera). Miscelanea, Instituto Miguel Lillo (Tucuman), 4:1–12.

1953.   Nuevas Especies de Heterocera (Lepidoptera). Revista de las Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 16:15–24.

Kolenati, Friedrico A.

1846.   Meletemata Entomologica. Volume 5, 169 pages, 3 plates. Petropolis [= Leningrad]: T. Acad.

Kozhanchikov, Igorya Vasilevich

1936.   Lepidopterologisches aus Zentral-Sibirien. Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica (Riga), 9:22–29.

Králíimagesek, Milan

1966.   Neue Glasflügler-Art der Gattung Aegeria F. aus Südmähren (Sesiidae, Lep.). Acta Musei Moraviae (Brno), 51:231–236.

1969.   Eine neue Glasflügler-Art der Gattung Chamaesphecia Spuler 1910 aus Südmähren (Sesiidae, Lep.). Acta Musei Moraviae (Brno), 54:115–122.

1975.   Eine neue Glasflügler-Art aus der Gattung Aegeria Fabricius, 1807 (Synanthedon Hübner, 1819) aus der Slowakei (Lep., Sesiidae). Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae (Bratislava), 104:1–9.

Králíimagesek, M. and Dalibor Povolný

1974.   Pennisetia bohemica sp. n.: A New Species of Clear Wing Moth (Lepidoptera; Sesiidae) from Bohemia. Acta Musei Moraviae (Brno), 59:165–182.

1977.   Drei neue Arten und eine neue Untergattung der Tribus Aegeriini (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) aus der Tschechoslowakei. Vimagesstník imagesskoslovenské Spoleimagesnosti Zoologické (Prague), 41:81–104, plates 11–12.

Kranjimagesev, Radovan

1979.   Synanthedon croaticus sp. nov. (Lepid. Aegeridae [sic]). Acta Entomologica Jugoslavica, 14:27–33.

Kristensen, Niels P.

1974.   On the Evolution of Wing Transparency in Sesiidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening (Copenhagen), 137:125–134.

In press, a. Sesia andrenaeformis Laspeyres, 1801, the Specific Name To Be Protected against the Nomen Oblitum Sesia anthraciniformis Esper, 1798 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

In press, b. Sphinx tipuliformis Clerck, 1759, the Specific Name To Be Protected against the Nomen Oblitum Sphinx salmachus Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

Krulikovsky, Leonid Konstantinovich

[1909.] Petites notices lepidopterologiques, X. Revue Russe d'Entomologie, 8:270–276.

Lampa, Sven

1883.   Anteckningar om sällsyntare svenska Lepidoptera. Entomologisk Tidskrift (Stockholm), 4:125–128.

Laspeyres, Jacob Heinrich

1801.   Sesia Europaeae iconibus et discriptionibus illustratae. 32 pages. Berolini (= Berlin).

Latreille, Pierre André

1809.   Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque pluribus explicata. Volume 4, 399 pages, plates 13–16. Paris: A. Loenig.

1825.   Familles naturelles du regne animal, esposées succinctement et dans un ordre analitique, avec l'indiciation de leurs genres. 570 pages. Paris: Bailliere.

1829.   Des Insectes. In C. Cuvier, Le Regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie compares, 5: 556 pages. Paris: Deterville.

Leach, William Elford

1815.   Entomology. In D. Brewster, editor, Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 9:57–172. Edinburgh: Blackwood. [See Sherborn, 1937b, for dates].

Le Cerf, Ferdinand

1909.   Trois formes nouvelles de Sesia chrysidiformis Esper (Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 7:118–119.

1911a. Histoire naturelle de Sesia hymenopteriformis Bell. Annales de l'Association des Naturalistes de LevalloisPerret, 15/16:11–17.

1911b. Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles de Aegeriidae. (Lep. Heterocera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1911:92–94.

1911c. Descriptions d'Aegeriidae nouvelles. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 17:297307.

1911d. Descriptions d'une espèce nouvelle de Sesia (Lep. Aegeriidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1911:244–246.

1911e. Description d'une Aegeriidae nouvelle de la faune palearctique (Lep. Sesiidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1911:334–335.

1912a. Description de deux Aegeriidae nouvelles (Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1912:54–55.

1912b. Descriptions de lépidoptères nouveaux d'Afrique Orientale (Papilionidae et Aegeriidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1912:290–292.

1913a. Description d'une espèce d'Aegeriidae malgache (Lep. Heterocera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1913:167–168.

1913b. Description d'une espèce nouvelle d'Aegeriidae du Congo Francais (Lep. Heterocera). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1913:212–213.

1914a. Description de deux espèces nouvelles d'Aegeriidae (Lep.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1914:61–63.

1914b. Description d'une espèce nouvelle du genre Zenodoxus Gr. et Rob. (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1914:272275.

1914c. Voyage du Comte de Rohan-Chabot en Afrique Équatoriale: Description d'un genre nouveau et d'une espèce nouvelle d'Aegeriidae. (Lepidopt.: Heterocera). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 20:336–337.

1914d. Diagnoses sommaires d'espèces et de variétés nouvelles d'Aegeriidae paléarctiques (Lep.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1914:421–424.

1915.   Description sommaire d'une espèce algérienne d'Aegeriidae (Lep.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1915:54–55.

1916a. [Contribution.] In C. Oberthür, Explication des planches. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 11: 43 pages of legends, plates 316–372.

1916b. [Contribution.] In C. Oberthür, Explication des planches. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 12(1): 14 pages of legends, plates 373–381.

1917.   Contributions a 1'étude des Aegeriidae: Description et iconographie d'espèces et de formes nouvelles ou peu connues. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 14:137–388.

1920.   Contributions a l'étude des Aegeriidae, II: Révision des Aegeriidae de Barbarie. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 17:181–577.

1922a. Aegeriidae. In C. Oberthür, Les Lépidoptères du Maroc, Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 19(1): 130–136, color plate 540.

1922b. Troisième Contribution a l'étude des Aegeriidae: Descriptions d'espèces et variétés nouvelles. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 19(2): 17–39, plates 530–548.

1925.   Aegeriidae nouveaux du Maroc (Lep.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1925:210–212.

1927.   Aegeriidae nouvelles du Tonkin. In Encyclopédie Entomologique, series B3 (Lepidoptera), 2:147–149.

1934.   Lépidoptères nouveaux du Maroc. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 39:11–13.

1937a. [Contribution.] In G. Warnecke, Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Makrolepidopteren-Fauna Südwest-Arabiens. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologische Gesellschaft (Munich), 27:39–48.

1937b. Aegeriidae nouvelles ou peu connues d'Asie Antérieure. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines (Vienna), 22:81–89, 96–99, 103–109, 1 plate.

1937c. Aegeriidae nouvelles d'Asie Mineure. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 42:172–176.

1937d. Description d'une Aegeriidae nouvelle d'Afrique Occidentale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genoa), 59:409–410.

1938.   Aegérides nouvelles d'Iran. Notulae Entomologica, 18:92–104.

1957.   Nouveaux genres et espèces d'Aegeriidae de Madagascar (Lep.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 62:97–100.

Lederer, Julius

1853.   Versuch die europäischen Lepidopteren in Möglichst natürliche Reihenfolge zu Stellen. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 2(Abhandlungen): 14–54, 65–126.

1855.   Beitrag zur Schmetterlings-Fauna von Cypern, Beirut und einem Theile Klein-Asiens. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 5: 177–254.

1858.   Nach einige syrische Schmetterlinge. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 2:135–152.

1861.   Ueber Alb. Kindermanns letzte lepidopterologische Ausbeute. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 5:144–155.

1863.   Verzeichniss der von Herrn Johann und Frau Ludmilla Haberhauer 1861 und 1862 bei Varna in Bulgarien und Sliwno in Rumenien gesammelten Lepidopteren. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 7:17–27.

1869.   Verzeichniss der von Herrn Jos. Haberhauer bei Astrabad in Persien gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 6:73–93, plate 5.

1870.   Contributions à la faune des lépidoptères de la Transcaucasie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 13:17–54, plates 1–2.

1871.   Nachtrag Zum Verzeichnisse der Herrn Jos. Haberhauer, bei Astrabad in Persien gesammelten Schmetterling. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 8:3–28.

Leech, John Henry

1889a. On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea, Part II: Heterocera, Sect. I. The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1888(4):580–655.

1889b. On a Collection of Lepidoptera from Kiukiang. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1889:99–148.

Legrand, Henry

1965.   Lépidoptères de Iles Seychelles et d'Aldabra. Mémoires de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), Series A (Zoologie), 37:1–210, 16 plates.

Le Marchand, S.

1937.   Tineina, Les Glyphipterygidae. Amateur de Papillons (Revue Francaise de Lépidoptérologie), 8:189–193.

Lempke, B. J.

1961.   Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera (Achtste Supplement). Tijdskrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 104:111–189, plates 9–12.

Lewin, William

1797.   Observations Respecting Some Rare British Insects. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 3: 1–4.

Lieu, K. O. Victoria

1935.   Study of a New Species of Chinese Mulberry Borer, Paradoxecia pieli, n. sp. (Lepidoptera, Aegeriidae). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, Musée Heude (Shanghai), 2:185–208; 5 plates.

Linnaeus, Carolus (von Linné)

1758.   Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth edition, volume 1, 824 pages. Holmiae [= Stockholm].

1761.   Fauna svecica sistens animalia svecicae regnii mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes. Second edition, 578 pages. Holmiae [= Stockholm].

1767.   Systema Naturae…. Twelvth edition, volume 1, part 2, pages 533–1328. Holmiae [= Stockholm].

Lipthay, B.

1961.   Eine neue Chamaesphecia-Art (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 7:213–218, 1 plate.

Löfquist, Eero

1922.   Eine neue Aegeriidae (Lepid.) aus Finnland. Notulae Entomologicae, 2:82–84.

Lower, Oswald Bertram

1896.   New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 19:152–170.

1903.   Descriptions of New Australian Noctuina, & c. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 26: 27–74.

1905.   New Australian Lepidoptera, No. 22. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 29:103–115.

1916.   Descriptions of New Australian Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 40:537–544.

Lucas, Pierre Hippolyte

1849.   Insectes. In Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie, Zoologie, volume 2 (Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules), part 3: 527 pages. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.

Lucas, Thomas Pennington

1894.   Descriptions of New Australian Lepidoptera, with Additional Localities for Known Species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 8:133–166.

Lugger, Otto

1891.   Two New Lepidopterous Borers. Psyche, 6:108–109.

Mabille, Paul

1890.   Lépidoptères avec des note sur quelques autres espèces d'Afrique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, series 6, 10:17–51.

1891.   Sesia setodiiformis n. sp. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1891:174–175.

MacKay, Margaret Rae

1968.   The North American Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera): A Revision Based on Late-Instar Larvae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 58: 112 pages.

Mann, Joseph

1857.   Verzeichniss der im Jahre 1853 in der Gegend von Fiume gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 1:139–189.

1859.   Verzeichniss der im Jahre 1858 in Sicilien gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 3:78–96.

1864.   Nachtrag zur Schmetterling Fauna von Brussa. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 8:173–190.

Mariani, Mario

1937.   Nuove specie e forme di lepidotteri di Sicilia ed un nuovo parassita degli Agrumi. Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche di Palermo, 39(3):1–13, 1 plate.

Marquardt, Karl F.

1959.   Eine neue Form von Sesia formicaeformis Esp. Entomologische Zeitschrift (Frankfurt), 69:196.

Marumo, Nobukatsu

1923.   List of the Lepidoptera of the Islands Tanegashima and Yakushima. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Imperial University of Tokyo, 8:135–206, plate 3.

Matsumura, Shonen

1911.   Illustrated Thousand Insects of Japan. Supplement 3.

1931a. 6000 Illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire. 1497 + 191 pages. Tokyo.

1931b. A List and New Species of Aegeriidae from Japan. Insecta Matsumurana, 6:4–12, plate 1.

Meigen, Johann Wilhelm

1830.   Systematische Beschreibung der europäischen Schmetterlinge. Volume 2, 212 pages, 38 plates. Aachen and Leipzig: J. A. Mayer.

Meyrick, Edward

1880.   Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera, IV: Tineina. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 5:204–271.

1886a. Descriptions of Lepidoptera from the South Pacific. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1886:189–296.

1886b. Revision of Australian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 10:685–802.

1888.   Descriptions of New Zealand Tineina. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 20:77–106.

1903.   An Alpine Form (holotoxa, Meyr.) of Choreutis myllerana, Fabr. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 39:5–6.

1905.   Descriptions of Indian Micro-lepidoptera, I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 16:580–619.

1906.   On the Genus Imma, Walk. (= Tortricomorpha, Feld.). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1906:169–206.

1907a. Descriptions of Indian Micro-lepidoptera, III.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17:730–754.

1907b. Descriptions of Australasian Micro-lepidoptera, XIX: Plutellidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 32:47–150.

1909a. Descriptions of Micro-lepidoptera from Bolivia and Peru. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1909:13–43.

1909b. Descriptions of Indian Micro-lepidoptera, IX.Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 19:410–437.

1910a. Descriptions of Malayan Microlepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1910: 430–478.

1910b. Notes and Descriptions of Indian Micro-lepidoptera. Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta), 5(4): 217–232.

1911a. Notes and Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 43:5878.

1911b. Tortricina and Tineina. In Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905, under the Leadership of Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner, M. A., Volume the Third. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, series 2 (Zoology), 14:263–307.

1912a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 1:35–63.

1912b. Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 44:117–126.

1913a. Carposinidae, Heliodinidae, Glyphipterygidae. In H. Wagner, editor, Lepidopterorum catalogus, part 13: 53 pages. Berlin: W. Junk.

1913b. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 1:67–70, 98–104.

1914a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 1:283–284.

1914b. H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Pterophoridae, Tortricidae, Eucosmidae, Gelechiadae, Oecophoridae, Cosmopterygidae, Hyponomeutidae, Heliodinidae, Sesiadae, Glyphipterygidae, Plutellidae, Tineidae, Adelidae (Lep.). Supplementa Entomologica (Berlin), 3:45–62.

1914c. Lepidoptera Heterocera, Fam. Glyphipterygidae. In M. P. Wytsman, editor, Genera insectorum, 164: 39 pages, 2 plates. Brussels.

1915a. Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 47:201–204.

1915b. Descriptions of South American Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1915:201–256.

1916.   Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 1:559–561.

1918a. Descriptions of South African Micro-lepidoptera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 6:7–59.

1918b. Sesiadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2:179–181.

1918c. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2:191–196.

1920a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2:325–338.

1920b. Descriptions of South African Micro-lepidoptera. Annals of the South African Museum, 17:273–318.

1921a. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2:441–444.

1921b. New Microlepidoptera. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden), 6:145–202.

1921c. Descriptions of South African Micro-lepidoptera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 8:49–148.

1922.   [Glyphipterygidae.] Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2:481–493.

1923.   Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2:616–619.

1924.   Micro-lepidoptera of Rodriguez. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1923:544–557.

1925a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:132–136.

1925b. New Malayan Micro-lepidoptera. Treubia, 6:428–433.

1926a. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:266–270.

1926b. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:301–308.

1926c. Two New Species of Egyptian Micro-lepidoptera. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte, 19:110–111.

1927a. Micro-lepidoptera. In Insects of Samoa and Other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropods, Part III: Lepidoptera, 2:65–116. London: British Museum (Natural History).

1927b. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:371–373.

1927c. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:375–376.

1928a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:420–424.

1928b. The Micro-lepidoptera of the “St. George” Expedition. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76:489–521.

1928c. A Revised Handbook of British Lepidoptera. 914 pages. London. [Facsimile reprint: 1968. London: Classey, 1968.]

1928d. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:465–467.

1930a. Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Sammelreise nach Brasilien, insbesondere in das Amazonasgebiet, ausgeführt von Dr. H. Zerny, 5: Micro-lepidoptera. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 44:223–268.

1930b. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 3:584–585.

1930c. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:1–7.

1931a. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:49–51.

1931b. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:180–185.

1932a. Entomological Expedition to Abyssinia, 1926–7: Microlepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 80:107–120.

1932b. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:229–230, 336–338.

1932c. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:273–276.

1933a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:370–372.

1933b. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:415–417.

1934a. Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:454–456.

1934b. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:456–458.

1935.   Aegeriadae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:557–559, 601.

1936a. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 4:616–617.

1936b. Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 5:39–40.

1936c. New Species of Pyrales and Microlepidoptera from the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Pyralididae, Galleriadae, Schoenobiadae, Pyraustidae, Tortricidae, Oecophoridae, Xyloryctidae, Heliodinidae, Glyphipterygidae, Hyponomeutidae, Tineidae). Arbeiten über morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie (Berlin-Dahlem), 3(2):94–109.

1937.   Glyphipterygidae. Exotic Microlepidoptera, 5:123–126, 153.

1938a. New Javanese Lepidoptera. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 52:73–88.

1938b. Papuan Microlepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 87:503–528.

Miskin, William Henry

1892.   New Species of Australian Macro-Lepidoptera (Heterocera). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 8:58–59.

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1858–1859.   [Contribution.] In T. Horsfield, and F. Moore, A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East-India House, 2: 279–440.

1877.   New Species of Heterocerous Lepidoptera of the Tribe Bombyces, Collected by Mr. W. B. Pryer Chiefly in the District of Shanghai. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 4, 20:83–93.

1879a. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Asiatic Lepidoptera Heterocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1879:387–417.

1879b. Descriptions of New Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the Late Mr. W. S. Atkinson: Heterocera. [Part 1], pages 5–88, plates 2–8. London: Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta.

1881.   Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Asiatic Nocturnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881:326–380, plates 37–38.

1884–[1887].   The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Volume 3, 559 pages, plates 144–215. London: L. Reeves. [1884: 1–88, plates 144–157. [1885]: 89–304, plates 158–181. [1886]:305–392, plates 182–195. [1887]:393–578, plates 196–215. See Griffin, 1939, for dates.]

1888.   Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Lepidoptera Heterocera, Collected by Rev. J. H. Hocking, Chiefly in the Kangra District, N. W. Himilaya. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1888:390–412.

1891.   [Contribution.] In E. C. Cotes, Miscellaneous Notes from the Entomological Section of the Indian Museum. Indian Museum Notes (Calcutta), 2(1):1–48.

Morris, Francis Orpen

1872.   A Natural History of British Moths. Volume 3, 223 pages, plates 61–96. London: G. Bell.

Möschler, Heinrich Benno

1876.   Exotisches. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 37:293–316.

1878.   Beiträge zur Schmetterlings-Fauna von Surinam, II: Heterocera. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 27(2):629–700.

1879.   Nordamerikanisches. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 40:246.

Mosher, Edna

1916.   A Classification of the Lepidoptera Based on Characters of the Pupa. Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History Bulletin, 12:18–159, plates 19–27. [Facsimile reprint: 1969. Lepidoptera Pupae: Five Collected Works on the Pupae of North American Lepidoptera. 323 pages. Los Angeles: Entomological Reprint Specialists].

Mouterde, R.

1954.   Catalogue des lépidoptères de la région lyonnaise (suite). Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 24:9–24, 145–146.

Naumann, Clas M.

1971.   Untersuchungen zur Systematik und Phylogenese der holarktischen Sesiiden (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bonner Zoologische Monographien (Bonn), 1:1–190. [English translation: 1977. Studies on the Systematics and Phylogeny of Holarctic Sesiidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera). 208 pages. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.]

Neumoegen, Berthold

1891.   Some New and Beautiful Aegeriadae. Entomological News, 2:107–109.

1894.   Some Beautiful New Forms of North American Aegeriadae. Entomological News, 5:330–331.

Newman, Edward

1832a. Sphinx vespiformis: An Essay. 54 pages. London: F. Westley and A. H. Davis.

1832b. Monographia Aegeriarum Angliae. Entomological Magazine, 1:66–84.

Niceville, Lionel de

1900.   On New and Little-known Lepidoptera from the Oriental Region. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13:157–175.

Niculescu, E. V.

1960.   Contributions morphologiques à l'étude des aegériides (Lepidoptera) paléarctiques, I: Chamaesphecia minianiformis Frr.; II: Chamaesphecia corsica Stgr. et Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerck. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse, 1960:1–5, 51–54.

1964.   Les Aegeriidae: Systematique et phylogenie. Linnaeana Belgica, 3:34–45.

1969.   Diakonoffia, un nouveau genere de lépidoptères Aegeriidae. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse, 1969:33.

Nielsen, David G., and Foster Forbes Purrington

1974.   Flight Periods of Podosesia and Comments on the Monotypic Status of the Genus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67:959–960.

1978.   Field Attraction of Male Podosesia syringae and P. aureocincta to Blends of Synthetic Compounds. Environmental Entomology, 7:708–710.

Nye, Ian W. B.

1975.   Noctuoidea (part): Noctuidae, Agaristidae and Nolidae. In The Generic Names of Moths of the World, 1: 568 pages, 1 plate. London: British Museum (Natural History).

Nye, Ian W. B., O. Karsholt, and Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen

1977.   Proposed Conservation of Tinea bjerkandrella Thunberg, 1784, and Phalaena (Noctua) cardui Hübner, 1790, by Suppression of Phalaena (Tortrix) cardui Ström, 1783 (Insecta, Lepidoptera), Z. N. (S.) 2204. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 34(2): 106–108.

Obenberger, Jan

1964.   Lepidoptera. In Entomologie, volume 5 (Systematicka), part 4: 69–140. Prague.

Oberthür, Charles

1872.   Catalogue raisonne de Lépidoptères rapportès par M. Theophile Deyrolle de son exploration scientifique en Asie Mineure. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, series 2, 23:480–488.

1876.   Étude sur la faune des lépidoptères de l'Algérie. Études d'Entomologie, 1:1–74, 4 plates.

1878.   Étude sur la faune des lépidoptères de côte orientale d'Afrique. Études d'Entomologie, 3:1–48.

1881.   Lépidoptères d'Algèrie. Études d'Entomologie, 6:41–96.

1888.   Lépidoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Études d'Entomologie, 12:21–44.

1890.   Lépidoptères d'Algérie. Études d'Entomologie, 13:19–45.

[1907a.] Observations sur la Sesia uroceriformis var. armoricana, Charles Oberthür. 5 pages. Rennes.

1907b. Description de deux espèces de lépidoptères algériens. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1907: 329–331.

1909.   Description d'une espèce nouvelle francaise de Sesia (Lep. Het.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 1909:186–187.

1922.   Les Lépidoptères du Maroc. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée, 19(1):13–405, plates 74–124, color plates 530–548.

Ochsenheimer, Ferdinand

1808.   Schwärmer, oder Abendschmetterlinge. In Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, 2: 256 pages. Leipzig: G. Fleischer.

1816.   Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Volume 4, 225 pages. Leipzig: G. Fleischer.

Oken, Lorenz

1815.   Zoologie. In Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, 3(1):842 pages, 40 plates. Jena: Schmid. [Rejected work, see ICZN, 1956.]

Osborn, Herbert

1881.   The Ash-Tree Borer. Transactions of the Iowa State Horticultural Society (Des Moines), 15:107–113.

Pagenstecher, Arnold

1884.   Beiträge zur Lepidopteren-Fauna von Amboina. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde (Wiesbaden), 37:150–326, plates 6–7.

1886.   Beiträge zur Lepidopteren-Fauna des malayischen Archipels (III): Heterocera der Aru-Inseln, Kei-Inseln und von Südwest-Neu-Guinea. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde (Wiesbaden), 39:104–194, plate 10.

1900.   Die Lepidopteren-Fauna des Bismarck-Archipels. Mit Berücksichtigung der thiergeographischen und biologischen Verhältnisse systematisch dargestellt, Zweiter Theil: Die Nachtfalter. Zoologica: Original-Abhandlungen dem Gesammtgebiete der Zoologie (Stuttgart), 12(29):1–268, plates 1–2.

Patch, Edith M.

1908.   Insect Notes for 1908. Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 162:351–368.

Philippi, Friedrich Heinrich Eunom

1859.   Descripcion de algunas neuvas especies de mariposas chilenas principalmente de la Provincia de Valdivia. Anales de la Universidad de Chile (Santiago), 16:1088–1114.

Philippi, Rudolph Amandus

1860.   Beschreibung einiger neuer chilenischer Schmetterlinge. Linnaea Entomologica (Berlin), 14:265–297.

Philpott, Alfred

1924a. Notes and Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 55: 207–214.

1924b. Notes and Descriptions of New Zealand Lepidoptera. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 55: 663–669.

1926.   New Zealand Lepidoptera: Notes and Descriptions. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 56:387–399.

1930.   New Species of Lepidoptera in the Collection of the Auckland Museum. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 1:1–16.

Pinker, R.

1954.   Eine interessante Sesie aus Mazedonien. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologische Gesellschaft, 39:182–185.

[1969.] Interessante und neue Funde und Erkenntnisse für die Lepidopterenfauna der Kanaren, 4. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 54:65–93, 1 plate.

Plötz, Carl

1880.   Verzeichniss der vom Professor Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Africa gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 41:76–88.

Popescu-Gorj, Aurelian

1955.   Nouvelles données opportées à la connaissance des lépidoptères Aegeriidae de la Republique Populaire Roumaine. Buletin Stintific, Academia Republicii Populare Romîne (Bucharest), 7:1097–1103.

Popescu-Gorj, Aurelian, and Iosif K. Capuse

1965.   Chamaesphecia deltaica sp. n. (Lepidoptera-Aegeriidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 101:341–344.

1966.   [A Description of a New Species of Clearwing Moth, Chamaesphecia djakonovi, sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Aegeriidae) from the Crimea.] Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 45:862–864. [In Russian. English translation, 1967: Entomological Review, 45:484–485].

Popescu-Gorj, Aurelian, E. V. Niculescu, and A. Alexinschi

1958.   Lepidoptera, Familia Aegeriidae. In Fauna Republicii Populare Romîne: Insecta, 11(1): 195 pages, 5 plates. Bucharest: Academia Republicii Populare Romîne.

Procter, William

1946.   The Insect Fauna with References to Methods of Capture, Food Plants, the Flora and other Biological Features. In Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region, 7: 566 pages. Revised edition. Philadelphia: Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology.

Prout, Louis Beethoven

1919.   New and Insufficiently Known Moths in the Joicey Collection. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 3:165–190.

Püngeler, Rudolf

[1905a.] Neue palaearktischen Macrolepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 17:265–270.

1905b. Sesia seitzi Püng., n. sp. aus Algerien. Societas Entomologica (Stuttgart), 20:129.

1910.   [Contribution.] In A. Spuler, Die Schmetterlinge Europa, 2: 523 pages. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart.

1912.   [Contribution.] In M. Bartel, Familie: Aegeriidae (Sesiidae). In A. Seitz, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, I. Abteilung: Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, 2 (Die palaearktischen Spinner & Schwärmer):375–416, plates 50–52. A. Kernen.

1914.   Neue palaearktische Makrolepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 28:37–55.

Purrington, Foster Forbes, and David G. Nielsen

1977.   Biology of Podosesia (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) with Description of a New Species from North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 70:907–910.

Ragonot, Emile Louis

1874.   Nouvelles espèces francaises de microlépidoptères. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, series 5, 4:171–173.

1875.   Remarques sur les Choreutes [sic] lascivalis et Simaethis diana. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, series 5, 5:44–45.

Ragusa, Enrico

1904.   Note Lepidotterologiche. Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di Scienze Naturali (Palermo), 17(5):108–115.

1923.   Le Aegeridae (Sesiidae) della Sicilia. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della R. Scuola Superioire d'Agricoltura (Portici), 16:211–220.

Rambur, Jules Pierre

1832.   Catalogue des lépidoptères de l'Île de Corse, avec la description et la figure des espèces inédites. Annals de la Société Entomologique de France, 1:245–295, 3 plates.

1833.   Des Lépidoptères de l'Île de Corse. Annals de la Société Entomologique de France, 2:1–103, 2 plates.

1858–[1866]   Catalogue systematique des lépidoptères de l'Andalousie. 412 pages. Paris: Bailliere. [1858: 1–92. [1866]:93–412.]

Rebel, Hans

1899.   Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Südarabien und von der Insel Sokotra. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Vienna), 36:359–361.

1901a. Famil. Papilionidae-Hepialidae. In O. Staudinger and H. Rebel, Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes, 1: 411 pages. Berlin: R. Friedländer.

1901b. Famil. Pyralidae-Micropterygidae. In O. Staudinger and H. Rebel, Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes, 2: 368 pages. Berlin: R. Friedländer.

1902.   Neue Pyraliden, Pterophoriden and Tineen des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 15:100–126, plate 4.

1905.   Lepidopteren. In A. Penther and E. Zederbauer, Ergebnisse einer naturwissenschaftlichen Reise zum Erdschias-Dagh (Kleinasien). Annalen der Kaiserlichen-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseum (Vienna), 20:189–219.

1910a. Bericht der Sektion für Lepidopterologie. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 60(1):4–40.

1910b. Neue palaearktischen Pyraliden, Tortriciden und Tineen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 24:1–14, plates 1 and 14.

1910c. Fr. Berge's Schmetterlingsbuch nach den gegenwärtigen Stande der Lepidopterologie neu bearbeitet und herausgegeben. Ninth edition, 509 pages, 53 plates. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart.

1916a. Über eine Mikrolepidopterenausbeute aus dem östlichen Tannuola-Gebiet. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 30:186–195.

1916b. Die lepidopteren Fauna Kretas. Annalen des Kaiserlichen-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums (Vienna), 30:67–172.

1917.   Eine Lepidopterenausbeute aus dem Amanusgebirge (Alman Dagh). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Vienna), series 1, 26 (4–5):243–282.

1918.   Lepidopteren aus Mittelalbanien. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereins (Vienna), 3:75–77, 85–88.

1927.   Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna der Insel Cypern. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 77:58–63.

1931.   Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaft nach Südarabien und Sokotra im Jahre 1898–99: Lepidoptera. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse (Vienna), 71(2):31–130, 1 plate.

Reisser, Hans

1930.   Eine neue europäische Sesiide. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereins (Vienna), 15:101–104, plate 13.

Retzius, Andreas Johann

1783.   Caroli Lib. Bar. De Geer…genera et species insectorum et generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit Latine guoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanum addidit. 220 pages. Lipsiae [=Leipzig]: S. L. Crusium.

Reutti, Carl H.

1898.   Übersicht der Lepidopteren-Fauna des Grossherzogtums Baden (und der anstossenden Länder). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein Karlsruhe, 12:1–361, plate 1.

Ridings, James

1862.   Description of a Supposed New Species of Aegeriidae from Virginia, and Observations upon Papilio daunus Boisd. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia. 1:277–278.

Riley, Charles Valentine

1874.   The Raspberry Root-Borer Aegeria rubi, New Species: Sixth Report on the Noxious, Beneficial, and Other Insects of the States of Missouri, etc. Annual Report of the State Board of Agriculture (Missouri), 9(1873):111–113.

1889.   Two Brilliant and Interesting Microlepidoptera New to Our Fauna. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 1:155–159.

1891a. [Tineina.] In J. B. Smith, List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, pages 94–114. Philadelphia: American Entomological Society.

1891b. [Extracts from Correspondence.] Insect Life, 3:391–419.

Riley, Charles Valentine, and Leland Ossian Howard

1891.   A Clematis Root-Borer (Alcalthoë [sic] cordata). Insect Life, 4:219–220.

Romanoff, Nicolai Michailovich

1884.   Les Lépidoptères de la Transcaucasie, première partie. Mémoires sur les lépidoptères, 1:1–92.

1885.   Les Lépidoptères de la Transcaucasie, deuxième partie. Mémoires sur les lépidoptères, 2:1–118.

Rossi, Peter

1792–1794.   Mantissa insectorum, exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas adjectis faunae Etruscae illustrationibus ad emendationibus. 148 + 154 pages, 8 plates. Pisa: Polloni.

Rothschild, Lionel Walter

1909.   A New Aegeriid. Novitates Zoologicae, 16:132.

1911.   New Aegeriidae. Novitates Zoologicae, 18:45–47.

1912.   New Bornean Aegeriidae and Syntomidae. Novitates Zoologicae, 19:122–124.

1925a. Description of a New Aegeriid Moth of the Genus Trilochana. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. series 9, 16:208.

1925b. List of the Lepidoptera Collected April to End of June 1925 by E. Hartert & F. Young in Morocco. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc (Rabat), 5:324–345.

Rottemburg, S. A. von

1775.   Anmerkungen zu den hufnagelschen Tabellen der Schmetterlinge. Der Naturforscher (Halle), 7:105–112 [For priority of works on Lepidoptera in 1775 see ICZN, 1958.]

Rungs, C.E.E.

1972.   Lépidoptères nouveaux du Maroc et de la Mauritanie. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), series 3 (Zoologie), 46:669–692, 3 plates.

Sauber, Christian Johannes Amandus

1902.   Familie Tineina. In G. Semper, Die Schmetterlinge der philippinischen Inseln: Beitrag zur indo-malayischen Lepidopteren-Fauna, Volume 2 (Die Nachtfalter), part 6 (Heterocera): 625–728. Wiesbaden: Kreidel. [G. Semper, Die Schmetterlinge…, volume 2, comprises volume 6 of C. G. Semper, Reisen in Archipel der Philippinen, &c., Zweiter Theil: Wissenschaftliche Resultate.]

Say, Thomas

1823.   [Contribution.] In J. Worth, An Account of the Insect So Destructive to the Peach Tree. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia), 3: 216–221.

1825.   American Entomology, or Descriptions of the Insects of North America, Illustrated by Coloured Figures from Original Drawings Executed from Nature. 160 pages. Philadelphia: S. A. Mitchell.

Schade, F.

1938.   Neue neotropische Aegeriiden. Entomologische Rundschau (Stuttgart), 55:471–472.

1939.   Melittia powelli Le Cerf var. chrysescens. Entomologische Rundschau (Stuttgart), 56:230–231.

Schawerda, Karl

1921.   Zwölfter Nachtrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Bosniens und der Herzegowina. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 71:145–170, 1 plate.

1938.   Miscellanea Lepidopterologica, Neubeschreibungen. Entomologische Rundschau (Stuttgart), 55:469–471, 523–524, 554–555, 582–584.

Schleppnik, Alfred

1933.   Chamaesphecia stelidiformis Frr. f. n. amygdaloidis. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines (Vienna), 18:24–25, plate 3.

Schnaider, Jozef

[1939.] Paranthrene polonica sp. n. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 16/17:140–143.

1942.   Przezieniki-Aegeriidae (Lepidopt.), II. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 18:105–112.

Schneider, F.

1940.   Schadinsekten und ihre Bekampfung in ostindischen Gambirkulturen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft (Bern), 18:77–207.

Schrank, Franz von Paula

1801.   Fauna Boica: Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Theire. Volume 2, part 1, 374 pages. Nürnberg [= Nuremberg].

Schultze, W.

1908.   New and Little-known Lepidoptera of the Philippine Islands. The Philippine Journal of Science, series A, 3:27–39.

Schütze, K.

1919.   Beitrag zur Kenntnis einiger Sesien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 32:116–122.

1931.   Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Nährpflanzen und Erscheinungszeiten. 235 pages. Frankfurt: International Entomologische Verein E. V.

Schwingenschuss, Leo

1935.   [Contribution.] In H. Zerny, Die Lepidopterenfauna des grossen Atlas in Marokko und seiner Randgebiete, mit Beiträgen von L. Schwingenschuss. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc (Rabat), 42:1–163, 2 plates.

1938.   Sechster Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Inner-Anatoliens. Entomologische Rundschau (Stuttgart), 55: 141–147, 157–164, 173–177, 181–184, 199–202, 223–226, 299–300, 337–340, 411–412, 454–457, 532, 700.

Scopoli, Johann Anton

1763.   Entomologia carniolica, exhibens insecta carniolia indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates, methodo Linneana. 420 pages. Vindobonae [= Vienna]: Trattner. [Facsimile reprint: 1972. Graz: Akademische Druck.].

1777.   Insecta. In Introductio ad historiam naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, pantarum et Animalium…, pages 401–444. Prague: Gerle.

Sellier, Robert

1977.   Étude ultramorphologique des sensilles antennaires des sésiidés: Essai sur l'origine et les étapes de la morphogenèse des sensilles antennaires des lépidoptères. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, new series, 13:347–367.

Sepp, Jan

[1828–1855.] Surinaamsche Vlinders. 328 pages, 152 plates. Amsterdam. [Part 2 [1832–1840]: 109–224, plates 51–100.]

Sheljuzhko, Leo

1918.   Diagnoses Lepidopterorum novorum sibirae. Neue Beiträge zur systematischen Insektenkunde (Berlin), 1: 104.

1924.   Zwei neue palaearktische Aegeriiden-Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 38:183–185.

1935.   Drei neue Aegeriidenarten aus Zentralasien. Zeitschrift des Österreichischen Entomologen-Vereines (Vienna), 20:53–55, 64

1943.   Lepidopterologische Ergebnisse der Pamir-Expedition des Kijever Zoologischen Museums in Jahre 1937. Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft (Munich), 33:58–85, 2 plates.

Sherborn, Charles Davies

1922.   Index animalium sive index nominum quae ab A.D. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. 17 volumes. London: British Museum.

1937a. On the Dates of Publication of Costa (O. G.) and (A.) Fauna del Regno di Napoli, 1829–1886. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 1:35–47.

1937b. Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Issued in 18 Vols. from 18—to 1830. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 1:112.

Sherborn, Charles Davies, and B. B. Woodward

1901.   The Dates of Esper's “Schmetterlinge.” The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 7:137–139.

Siepi, Pierre

1909.   Description d'une espèce nouvelle de Sesia: Sesia rondoni, Siepi. La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes (Paris), 39:117–118.

Skinner, Henry

1903.   A New Sesiid. Entomological News, 14:126.

Smith, John Bernhard

1891.   List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America. 124 pages. Philadelphia: American Entomological Society.

Snellen, Pieter Cornelius Tobias

1875.   Drei nieuwe Choreutinen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 18:70–78, plate 6.

1877.   Heterocera op Java verzameld door Mr. M. C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijvingen der nieuwe Soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 20:1–50, plates 1–3.

1885a. Lepidoptera van Celebes verzameld door Mr. M. C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijving der nieuwe Soorten, tweede afdeeling: Heterocera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 28:15–50.

1885b. Sesiomorpha, ein neues Tineiden-genus. Jahrbücher des Nassauisschen Vereins für Naturkunde (Wiesbaden), 38:111–113.

1900.   [Contribution.] In M. C. Piepers and P.C.T. Snellen, Enumeration des lépidoptères hétérocères recueillis à Java. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 43:12–108, plates 1–4.

1901.   Beschrijvingen van nieuwe exotische tortricinen, tineinen en pterophorinen benevens aanteekeningen over reeds bekend gemaakte Soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 44:67–98, plates 5–6.

Sodoffsky, W.

1837.   Etymologische Untersuchungen ueber die Gattungsnamen der Schmetterlinge. Bulletin de la Société Imperialé de Naturalistes de Moscou, 10:76–97.

Speyer, Adolph

[1856.] Deutsche Schmetterlingskunde für Anfänger, Nebst einer Anleitung zum Sammeln. 271 pages, 34 plates. Mainz: Kunze. [Second edition of J. Schenckel, Der Schmetterlingssammler, 1849].

Speyer, Adolph, and August Speyer

1858.   Tagfalter, Schwärmer, Spinner. In Die geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, 1:478 pages. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.

Spuler, Arnold

1910.   Die Schmetterlinge Europa. Volume 2, 523 pages. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart.

Stainton, Henry Tibbats

1855.   The New British Species in 1854. The Entomologist's Annual, 1855:40–50.

1859.   A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths. Volume 2, pages 217–480. London.

1867.   The Tineina of Syria and Asia Minor, 84 pages. London.

Standfuss, Maximilian Rudolph

1892.   Neue Formen der Macrolepidopteren aus dem Alpengebiet. Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft (Bern), 8:368–370.

Staudinger, Otto

1854.   De sesiis agri Berolinensis, dissertalio entomologica. 66 pages, 2 plates. Berolini (= Berlin).

1856.   Beitrag zur Feststellung der bisher bekannten Sesien-Arten Europas und des angrenzenden Asien's. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 17:193–224, 257–288, 323–338.

1859.   Diagnosen nebst kurzen Beschriebungen neuer andalusischer Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 20:211–259.

1861.   Macrolepidopteren. In O. Staudinger and M. F. Wocke, Catalog der Lepidopteren Europa's und der angrenzenden Länder, 1:1–84. Dresden.

1863.   Einige neue europäischen Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 24:264–271.

1866.   Drei neue Sesien und Berichtigung über einige ältere Arten. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 27: 50–55.

1870.   Beitrag zur Lepidopteren Fauna Griechenlands. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 7:3–304, plates 1–3.

1871.   Macrolepidoptera. In O. Staudinger and M. F. Wocke, Catalog der Lepidopteren des europaeischen Faunengebietes, 1:1–200. Dresden.

1877.   Neue Lepidopteren des europäischen Faunengebietes aus meiner Sammlung. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 38:175–208.

1878.   Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasien's. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 14:176–482.

1879.   Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinsien's. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 15:159–435.

1881.   Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna Central Asiens. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 42:393–424.

1883.   Einige neue Lepidopteren Europa's. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 44:177–186.

1887a. Central-asiatische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 48:49–102.

1887b. Einige neue Arten und Varietäten der Gattungen Sesia und Zygaena. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 3:29–42.

1887c. Neue Arten und Varietäten von Lepidopteren aus dem Amur-Gebiete. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères, 3: 126–232.

1889.   Centralasiastische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin), 50:16–60.

1891.   Neue Arten und Varietäten von Lepidopteren despaläarktischen Faunengebietes. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 4:224–339.

1894.   Neue Lepidopteren-Arten und Varietäten aus dem paläarktischen Faunengebietes. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 7:241–296.

1895a. Neue paläarktischen Lepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 8:288–366.

1895b. Ueber Lepidopteren von Uliassutai. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 8:344–366.

[1900.] Ueber Lepidopteren aus dem östlichen Thian Schan-Gebiet. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 12:331–351, plate 7.

Staudinger, Otto, and Hans Rebel

1901.   Famil. Papilionidae-Hepialidae. In Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes, 1: 411 pages. Berlin: R. Friedländer.

Stephens, James Francis

1828.   Haustellata. In Illustrations of British Entomology, 1: 57–152, plates 10–12. London: Baldwin and Cradock.

1856.   Lepidoptera. In List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum, 5: 244 pages. London: British Museum.

Strand, Embrik

[1913.] Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Süd-Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea: Lepidoptera, IV. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 78A(12):30–84, 2 plates.

1914.   Neue Lepidoptera aus Kamerun, gesammelt von Herrn Leutnant v. Rothkirch und Panthen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 80A(1):41–49.

[1916.] H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Noctuidae p. p. (Agaristinae, Macrobrochis), Aganaidae, Saturniidae, Uraniidae, Cossidae, Callidulidae und Aegeriidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 81A(8): 34–49.

[1917a.] H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Epiplemidae u. teilweise Noctuidae, Lymantriidae, Drepanidae, Thyrididae u. Aegeriidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 82A(1): 137–152.

[1917b.] Neue Nebenformen indischer Heterocera. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 82A(2):86–89.

[1917c.] Neue Nebenformen exotischer Heterocera. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 82A(3):7–11.

1918.   Ueber einige Heterocera der Familien Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Geometridae, Saturniidae, Lasiocampidae, Pyralidae und Aegeriidae aus Belgisch Kongo. Entomologische Rundschau (Stuttgart), 35: 45–46.

1925.   [Contribution.] In K. W. von Dalla Torre and E. Strand, Aegeriidae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 31: 202 pages. Berlin: W. Junk.

[1927.] Neubenennungen palaearktischer Lepidoptera und Apidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte (Berlin), 91A(12):281–283.

Strecker, Ferdinand Heinrich Herman

1881.   Description of a New Species of Trochilium. The Canadian Entomologist, 13:156.

Ström, Hans

1783.   Norske Insecters Beskrivelse med Anmaerkninger. Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter (Copenhagen), 2:49–93, 1 plate.

Sulzer, Johann Heinrich

1776.   Dr. Sulzers abgekürzte Geschichte der Insecten nach dem linaeischen System. 274 + 71 pages, 37 plates. Winterthur: H. Steiner.

Swinhoe, Charles

1890.   The Moths of Burma. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890:161–296.

1892.   Sphinges and Bombyces. In Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera and Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum, 1: 324 pages. Oxford: Clarenden Press.

1896.   New Species of Lepidoptera from Khasis Hills. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 17:357–363.

Thomas, Evan

1824.   On the Preservation of Peach Trees. American Farmer, 6(5):37.

Thunberg, Carl Peter

1784–[1795.] Dissertatio entomologica sistens insecta svecica quorum. 9 parts. Upsaliae [= Uppsala]: Edmann.

Toll, Sergiusz

1956.   Glyphipterygidae, Douglasiidae. In [Keys for the Identification of Polish Insects], volume 27 ([Lepidoptera]), parts 39–40: 50 pages. Warsaw: Polish Entomological Society. [In Polish.]

Tomala, Ferdinand

1901.   Sesia empiformis Esp. var. hungarica n. var. Rovartani Lapok (Budapest), 8:47–50. [In Hungarian.]

1902.   Sesia empiformis Esp. var. hungarica mihi (n. var.). Jahresbericht des Wiener Entomologischen Vereines (Vienna), 12(1901): 13–16. [German edition of Tomala, 1901],

Treitschke, Friedrich

1829.   Zünsler. In F. Ochsenheimer, Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, 7: 252 pages. Leipzig: G. Fleischer.

1834.   In F. Ochsenheimer, Die Schmetterlinge von Europa, volume 10, supplement, part 1: 210 pages. Leipzig: G. Fleischer.

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Turati, Emilio

1919.   A 1000 metri sull'Appennino modenese: Note di lepidotterologia e descrizione di tre nuove specie di micri. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storio Naturale in Milano, 58: 147–187.

1925.   Missione zoologica del Dr. E. Festa in Cirenaica, XVII: Lepidotteri. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 39: 1–9.

Turner, Alfred Jefferis

1898.   Descriptions of New Micro-lepidoptera from Queensland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 1898:200–214.

1913.   Studies in Australian Microlepidoptera. Proceedings of Linnean Society of New South Wales, 38:174–228.

1917.   Lepidopterological Gleanings. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 29:70–106.

1922.   Studies in Australian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 35:26–62.

1923.   New Australian Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 47:165–194.

1929.   New Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 53:297–308.

1942.   Fragmenta Lepidopterologica. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 53:61–96.

Turner, Henry Jerome

1928.   Synanthedon flaviventris, Stgr., ab. fulva, nov. ab. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 40:165.

Turton, William

[1802.] A General System of Nature, through the Three Grand Kingdoms, of Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals: Systematically Divided into Their Several Classes, Orders Genera, Species, and Varieties, with Their Habitations, Manner, Economy, Structure and Peculiarities, Translated from Gmelin's Last Edition of the Celebrated Systema Naturae, by Sir Charles Linne, Amended and Enlarged by the Improvements and Discoveries of Later Naturalists and Societies. Volume 3, 784 pages. London: Lackington.

Ureta, E.

1956.   Revision de la Familia Aegeriidae (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) en Chile. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago), 26:261–267.

van Eecke, R.

1915.   A New Sesiid from Sumatra. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie (Amsterdam), 58:275–276.

Verloren, Heinrich

1837.   Catalogus systematicus Lepidopterorum, quae in opere Crameri descripta sunt, secundum methodum Latreillii. 280 pages. Utrecht: J. Altheer.

Viette, Pierre E. L.

1947.   Catalogue des microlépidoptères de Madagascar et des archipels environnants. Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (Tananarive-Tsimbazaza), series a, 1(1):31–75.

[1955.] Nouveaux Tineoidea (s.l.) de Madagascar (Lep.). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 123:75–114.

1957.   Deux Nouvelles Sesies de Madagascar (Lep. Aegeriidae). Naturaliste Malgache (Tananarive-Tsimbazaza), 9:91–94.

Vieweg, Carl Friedrich

1789–1790.   Tabellarisches Verzeichniss der in der Churmark Brandenburg einheimischen Schmetterlinge. 168 pages, 4 plates. Berlin.

Vorbrodt, Karl

1913.   Aegeriidae. In K. Vorbrodt, and J. Müller-Rutz, Die Schmetterlinge der Schweiz, 2:430–441 Bern: K. J. Wyss.

Walker, Francis

1854.   Lepidoptera Heterocera [Parts 1, 2]. In List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 1:1–278; 2:279–581. London: British Museum. [See Nye, 1975, for dates to all parts, 1854–1866.]

1856.   Sphingidae. In List of…Lepidopterous Insects in…the British Museum, 8: 271 pages. London: British Museum.

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1862a. Characters of Undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, series 3, 1:70–128.

1862b. Catalogue of the Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects Collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with Descriptions of New Species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (London), Zoology, 6:82–145, 171–206.

1863a. Crambites & Tortricites. In List of…Lepidopterous Insects in…the British Museum, 27: 286 pages. London: British Museum.

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1866.   Supplement [Parts 4, 5]. In List of…Lepidopterous Insects in. . the British Museum, 34:1121–1533; 35: 1534–2040. London: British Museum.

Wallengren, Hans Daniel Johan

1858.   Nya fjäril-slägten. Öfversigt af Konglica Vetenskaps Akademiens Förhandlingar (Stockholm), 15:75–84, 135–142, 209–215.

1860.   Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 4:33–46.

1863.   Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 7:137–151.

1865.   Heterocer-Fjärilar, samlade I Kafferlandet af J. A. Wahlberg. Konglica Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (Stockholm), new series, 5(4):1–83.

Walsh, Benjamin Dann

1866–1867.   On the Insects, Coleopterous, Hymenopterous, and Dipterous, Inhabiting the Gall of Certain Species of Willows, Part 2nd and Last. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 6:223–288. [1866:223–268. 1867:269–288].

Walsingham, Thomas de Grey

1891.   African Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1891:63–192, plates 3–7.

1892.   On the Micro-lepidoptera of the West Indies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1891:492–548, plate 41.

1897.   Western Equatorial African Micro-lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1897:33–67, plates 2, 3.

1900a. Micro-lepidoptera. In C. W. Andrews, Christmas Island Monograph, pages 75–80. London.

1900b. In T. de Grey Walsingham and J. H. Durrant, Pterophoridae and Tineina. In C. Swinhoe, Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum, 2: 541–585. Oxford.

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1908.   Microlepidoptera of Tenerife. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1907:911–1034, plates 51–53.

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1914.   Hemerophilidae. In Lepidoptera-Heterocera [volume 4]. In F. D. Godman and O. Salvin, Biologia Centrali-Americana, 42:300–319, 9 plates. London.

Westwood, John Obadiah

1843.   In H. N. Humphreys, and J. O. Westwood, British Moths and Their Transformations, 1: 259 pages, 56 plates. London: W. Smith.

1848.   The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology. 88 pages, 42 plates. London: W. Smith.

1854.   The American Oak-Gall Clear-Winged Sphinx. Gardiner's Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 47:751–758.

Wileman, Alfred Ernest, and Richard South

1918.   Two New Species of Sesiidae from Formosa and a New Noctuid from Japan. The Entomologist, 51: 169–170.

Wocke, Maximilian Ferdinand

[1876.] Kleinschmetterlinge, Band II: Die Motten und Federmotten. In H. von Heinemann and M. F. Wocke, Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, 2(2):389–825. Braunschweig: Schwetschke.

Wolcott, George N.

1936.   “Insectae Borinquenses,” a Revised Annotated Checklist of the Insects of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture, University of Puerto Rico (San Juan), 20: 1–600.

Wolfsberger, Josef

1961.   Die von Graf G. B. Cartolari in der Umgebung von Cancello in den lessinischen Voralpen gesammelten Macrolepidopteren (4. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lepidopterenfauna der Südalpen). Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (Verona), 9:197–266, 3 plates.

Wood, William

1833–1839.   Index Entomologicus; or, a Complete Illustrated Catalogue, Consisting of 1944 Figures, of the Lepidopterous Insects of Great Britain. 266 pages, 54 plates. London. [See Griffin, 1931, for dates].

Yano, K.

1960.   A Revision of the Species of the Genus Zenodoxus Grote and Robinson from Japan, with Descriptions of Two New Species from Formosa (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae). Kontyu, 28:230–238.

1965.   A Revision of the Genus Paranthrene Hübner from Japan (Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae). Mushi, 39:1–8.

Zeller, Phillip Christoph

1839.   Kritische Bestimmung der in Degeers Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Insekten enthaltenen Lepidopteren. Isis von Oken, 32:243–348.

1847a. Verzeichniss der vom Professor Dr. Loew in der Türkei und in Asien gesammelten Lepidopteren. Isis von Oken, 40:3–39.

1847b. Bemerkungen über die auf einer Reise nach Italien und Sicilien beobachteten Schmetterlingsarten. Isis von Oken, 40:121–914 [10 parts].

1867.   Choreutidae and Crambina, Collected in Egypt, by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge, January to April, 1864; Determined, and the New Species Described. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1867:461–466, plate 24.

1875.   Beiträge zur Kenntniss der nordamerikanischen Nachtfalter, besonders der Microlepidopteren, Dritte Abteilung. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 25:207–360, plates 8–10.

1877.   Exotische Microlepidoptera. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 13:3–493, 6 plates.

Zetterstedt, Johanne Wilhelmo

[1839]–1840.   Insecta Lapponica. 1140 pages. Lipsiae [= Leipzig]: Voss. [[1839]: 1–1014: 1840:1015–1140].

Zukowsky, Bernhard

1929a. Neue europäische Aegeriidae. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift (Guben), 23:20–21.

1929b. Beiträge zur Fauna Sinica (VIII): Die südchinesischen Aegeriiden der Sammlung Mell. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift (Guben), 23:33–37.

1932.   Neue paläarktische Aegeriidae. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift (Guben), 26:316–317.

1935.   Neue paläarktische Aegeriidae. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift (Guben), 29:39–41.

1936a. Neue Arten und Formen der paläarktischen Familien Aegeriidae und Cossidae (Lep.). Entomologische Rundschau (Stuttgart), 53:534–537.

1936b–1937.   Familie: Aegeriidae. In A. Seitz, Die Gross-Schemetterlinge der Erde, II. Abteilung: Exotische Fauna, volume 6 (Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer): 1215–1262, plates 176–180, 185. Stuttgart: A. Kernen. [1936:1215–1256. 1937: 1257–1262.]

1950.   Zwei neue südamerikanische Aegeriiden. Entomologische Zeitschrift (Frankfurt), 60(3):22–23.

Figures 2–107

FIGURES 2–7.—Brachodidae adults: 2, Brachodes appendiculatus (Esper), male (20 mm wingspread, Hungary); 3, B. appendiculatus, female (14 mm wingspread, Hungary); 4, Miscera resumptana Walker, male (13.5 mm wingspread, Australia); 5, Synechodes coniophora Turner, male (16.5 mm wingspread, Australia); 6, Sagalassa valida Walker, male (14 mm wingspread, Guyana); 7, Phycodes radiata (Ochsenheimer), female (22 mm wingspread, Sri Lanka).

FIGURES 8–13.—Sesiidae adults: 8, Zenodoxus palmii (Neumoegen), male (24 mm wingspread, Washington, USA); 9, Paranthrene asilipennis (Boisduval), male (32 mm wingspread, New York, USA); 10, Euhagena nebraskae H. Edwards, male (28 mm wingspread, Colorado, USA); 11, Melittia gloriosa H. Edwards, male (45 mm wingspread, Oregon, USA); 12, Sesia apiformis (Clerck), male (37 mm wingspread, Germany); 13, Alcathoe carolinensis Engelhardt, male (33 mm wingspread, Texas, USA).

FIGURES 14–19.—Choreutidae adults: 14, Brenthia pavonacella Clemens, male (9 mm wingspread, Ohio, USA); 15, Prochoreutis inflatella (Clemens), male (10.5 mm wingspread, Ohio, USA); 16, Caloreas apocynoglossa (Heppner), female (13 mm wingspread, California, USA); 17, Choreutis pariana (Hübner), female (14 mm wingspread, Oregon, USA); 18, Saptha divitiosa Walker, female (19 mm wingspread, Taiwan); 19, Hemerophila diva (Riley), male (13 mm wingspread, Florida, USA).

FIGURES 20–23.—Head morphology of Brachodidae: 20, Brachodes appendiculatus (Esper), male, head profile (× 33, scale line = 1 mm, slide USNM 77332, Austria); 21, antenna detail (× 130, scale line = 0.5 mm); 22, haustellum base (× 185, scale line = 0.1 mm); 23, ocellus (× 330, scale line = 0.1 mm).

FIGURES 24–27.—Head morphology of Brachodidae: 24, Phycodes radiata (Ochsenheimer), male, head profile (× 50, slide USNM 77328, India); 25, antenna detail (× 345, scale line = 0.1 mm); 26, ocellus (× 315, scale line = 0.1 mm); 27, haustellum base (× 172, scale line = 0.1 mm).

FIGURES 28–31.—Head morphology of Sesiidae: 28, Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), female, head profile (× 35, slide USNM 77701, Georgia, USA); 29, ocellus (× 145); 30, haustellum base (× 145); 31, chaetosema detail (× 1450). (Micrographs reduced to 95%).

FIGURES 32–35.—Head morphology of Choreutidae: 32, Caloreas apocynoglossa (Heppner), male, head profile (× 69, scale line = 1 mm, slide USNM 77329, California, USA); 33, antenna detail (× 345, scale line = 0.1 mm); 34, ocellus (× 515, scale line = 0.05 mm); 35, haustellum base (× 455, scale line = 0.05 mm).

FIGURES 36–39.—Head morphology of Choreutidae: 36, Hemerophila albertiana (Cramer), male, head profile (× 73, scale line = 1 mm, slide USNM 77325, Venezuela); 37, antenna detail (× 295, scale line = 0.1 mm); 38, ocellus (× 525, scale line = 0.1 mm); 39, haustellum base (× 405, scale line = 0.1 mm).

FIGURES 40–44.—Morphology of Brachodidae: 40, Brachodes appendiculatus (Esper), female, frontal view of head (slide USNM 77705, Europe); 41, detail of maxillary palpus; 42, wing venation (slide USNM 77548, Europe); 43, Sagalassa valida Walker, wing venation (slide USNM 77554, Panama); 44, Phycodes radiata (Ochsenheimer), wing venation (slide USNM 77633, India).

FIGURES 45–49.—Morphology of Brachodidae: 45, Brachodes appendiculatus (Esper), male, genitalia (slide USNM 77545, Algeria); 46, aedeagus; 47, female, genitalia (slide USNM 77545, Algeria); 48, Sagalassa valida Walker, male, genitalia with aedeagus in situ (slide USNM 77593, Panama); 49, female, genitalia (slide USNM 77593, Panama).

FIGURES 50–55.—Morphology of Sesiidae: 50, Paranthrene robiniae (H. Edwards) male, frontal view of head (slide USNM 75777, California, USA); 51, detail of maxillary palpus; 52, schematic cross-section of wing attachment mechanism of Sesiidae; 53, Podosesia syringae (Harris), wing venation; 54, male bipectinate-clavate antennal type (Sesiinae); 55, male fasciculatefiliform antennal type (Tinthiinae).

FIGURES 56–62.—Morphology of Sesiidae: 56, Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres), male, genitalia (slide USNM 75829, New York, USA); 57, aedeagus; 58, Synanthedon bolteri (H. Edwards), male, genitalia (slide USNM 75688, Connecticut, USA); 59, aedeagus; 60, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rottemburg), male, genitalia (slide USNM 75771, New York, USA); 61, aedeagus; 62, Synanthedon saxifragae (H. Edwards), female, genitalia (slide USNM 75703, Colorado, USA).

FIGURES 63–68.—Morphology of Choreutidae: 63, Tebenna bjerkandrella (Thunberg) male, frontal view of head (slide USNM 77702, Europe); 64, detail of maxillary palpus; 65, Brenthia pavonacella Clemens, male, genitalia (slide USNM 77089, New York, USA); 66, aedeagus; 67, female, genitalia (slide USNM 77292, Ohio, USA); 68, Caloreas apocynoglossa (Heppner) male, wing venation (slide JBH 109, California, USA).

FIGURES 69–74.—Morphology of Choreutidae: 69, Prochoreutis inflatella (Clemens), male, genitalia (slide JBH 1240, Missouri, USA); 70, aedeagus (slide JBH 1235, Florida, USA); 71, female, genitalia (slide USNM 77739, Iowa, USA); 72, Tortyra slossonia (Fernald), male, genitalia (slide USNM 77093, Florida, USA); 73, aedeagus; 74, female, genitalia (slide JBH 171, Florida, USA).

FIGURES 75–83.—Larval morphology of Brachodidae: 75, Sagalassa valida Walker, last instar chaetotaxy (slide USNM 77730, Panama); 76, head (lateral view); 77, head (frontal view); 78, crochet pattern; 79, terminal abdominal segments (dorsum); 80, labrum (dorsal view); 81, labrum (ventral view); 82, left mandible (ventral view); 83, submentum (ventral view). (Scale lines = 0.5 mm).

FIGURES 84–92.—Larval morphology of Sesiidae: 84, Paranthrene robiniae (H. Edwards), last instar chaetotaxy (slide USNM 77794, Arizona, USA); 85, head (lateral view); 86, head (frontal view); 87, crochet pattern; 88, terminal abdominal segments (dorsum); 89, labrum (dorsal view); 90, labrum (ventral view); 91, left mandible (ventral view); 92, submentum (ventral view). (Scale lines = 0.5 mm).

FIGURES 93–101.—Larval morphology of Choreutidae: 93, Prochoreutis inflatella (Clemens), last instar chaetotaxy (slide JBH 1396, Florida, USA); 94, head (lateral view); 95, head (frontal view); 96, proleg and crochet pattern; 97, terminal abdominal segments (dorsum); 98, labrum (dorsal view); 99, labrum (ventral view); 100, left mandible (ventral view); 101, submentum (ventral view). (Scale lines = 0.2 mm).

FIGURES 102–107.—Pupal morphology of Sesioidea: 102, Brachodidae: Miscera triphaenoides (Butler) male, lateral view (15 mm length, Chile); 103, ventral view; 104, Sesiidae: Paranthrene robiniae (H. Edwards) male, lateral view (18 mm length, Washington, USA); 105, ventral view; 106, Choreutidae: Hemerophila diva (Riley) male, lateral view (8 mm length, Florida, USA); 107, ventral view. (Scale lines = 2 mm).

Index to Checklists

(Invalid taxa in italics)

abdominalis, Lophoceps, 42

abhasica, Anthophila, 50

abiaeformis, Toleria, 28

abnormis, Sesiomorpha, 15

abstitella, Simaethis, 53

abyssiniensis, Melittia, 26

a-caeruleum [sic], Simaethis, 54

Acalthoë [sic], 38

cordata, 38

acericolum, Trochilium, 29

acerni, Synanthedon, 29

acerni, Trochilium, 29

acerrubri, Synanthedon, 29

achillae, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

achillaeae [sic], Synanthedon, 33

achyrodes, Choreutis, 53

achyrodes, Simaethis, 53

Aclytia buprestoides, 14

acmogramma, Brenthia, 49

a-coeruleum, Simaethis. 54

acosmetes, Melittia, 26

Acrobasis cryptoleucella, 14

adelpha, Chamaesphecia, 34

Adixoa, 42

alterna, 42

soror, 42

tomentosa, 42

Adixoa auricollis, 23

cruentata, 43

Adixoana, 42

auripyga, 42

adjectella, Nigilgia, 15

admiranda, Sciapteron, 24

admiranda, Vitacea, 24

admirantus [sic], Paranthrene, 24

Aegenia [sic], 27

Aegeria, 27

aemula, 33

aequalis, 29

aericincta, 29

agathiformis, 28

agriliformis, 35

albicornis, 29

albocingulata, 30

alenicola, 42

alterna, 42

anomaliformis, 29

anonyma, 28

apicalis, 29

armasata, 38

astyarcha, 29

aulograpta, 29

aurantiibasis, 40

aurata, 35

aureola, 29

aureopurpura, 38

auriplena, 29

basalis, 29

bassiformis, 38

belia, 43

bicincta, 23

blaciformis, 29

bolli, 38

bolteri, 29

brunneipennis, 33

buprestiformis, 29

caflischi [sic], 28

caieta, 38

candescens, 28

caudata, 38

ceraca, 29

cerceriformis, 29

ceres, 29

ceropaliformis, 29

chalybea, 30

chea, 30

chlorothyris, 30

chrysonympha, 30

chrysoptera, 30

citrura, 30

cladiiformis, 30

clavicornis, 30

consimilis, 38

corni, 38

corporalis, 30

corusca, 33

critheis, 40

croesiformis, 30

cryptica, 30

cryptiformis, 35

cucurbitae, 26

cupreipennis, 22

cyanopasla, 35

cyanospira, 30

danubica, 30

deceptiva, 38

deceptura, 30

decipiens, 30

deipyla, 39

denudatum, 37

dinetiformis, 30

doleriformis, 42

dyari, 28

edwardsii, 38

elymais, 41

emphytiformis, 25

empinaeformis, 35

erythrogama, 30

eupatorii, 38

exitiosa, 29, 30

exitissa [sic], 30

exochiformis, 31

fasciculipes, 31

fitchii, 30

flava, 31, 32

flavicaudata, 31

flavipes, 41

fulvipes, 31

gaderensis, 31

gaudens, 41

geliformis, 31

giliae, 38

gloriosa, 28

glyptaeformis, 31

gravis, 21, 22

guatemalena, 31

guineabia, 31

hadassa, 31

hades, 31

halmyris, 31

harti, 31

hector, 31

hela, 31

helena, 31

hemizoniae, 29

henshawii, 33

hermione, 31

hilariformis, 41

hippolyte, 31

hispides, 31

howqua, 31

hylotomiformis, 24, 25

hyperici, 33

imitata, 38

imperfecta, 30

impropria, 29

incognita, 28

infirma, 38

inusitata, 32

ischniformis, 31

koebelei, 33

laeta, 31

laticivora, 31

leiaeformis, 22

leptomorpha, 31

loranthi, 32

lupini, 29

madariae, 29

mardia, 32

marisa, 42

melanoformis, 28

melli, 32

mercatrix, 32

mesochoriformis, 32

mimuli, 38

modesta, 32, 33

molybdoceps, 28

monogama, 32

monozona, 32

montelli, 28

morula, 38

muscinaeformis, 34

myrmosaepennis, 32

nautica, 32

neglecta, 29

nicotianae, 30

nobilis, 25

novaroensis, 32

oberthueri, 28

oberthüri, 28

ochracea, 41

odyneripennis, 21

omphala, 45

opalescens, 30

opiiformis, 32

ovinia, 40

pallene, 38

panisciformis, 32

panurgiformis, 32

panyasis, 38

peltastiformis, 32

peltata, 32

pensilis, 32

perplexa, 29

peruviana, 30

phasiaeformis, 32

pictipes, 32

pini, 32

pinorum, 33

pipiziformis, 32

pistarcha, 32

pittheis, 32

platyuriformis, 32

pleciaeformis, 21

plectisciformis, 32

plumipes, 40

polistiformis, 24

porizoniformis, 33

praestans, 32

producta, 33

proserpina, 33

prosopis, 38

proximo, 33

pulchripennis, 33

pyralidiformis, 37, 38

pyramidalis, 24, 25

pyri, 33

pyrodisca, 33

pyrostoma, 33

pythes, 24

querci, 38

quercis [sic], 38

quinquecaudata, 37

rangoonensis, 24

refulgens, 33

rhodani, 28

rhodia, 33

rhypaeformis [sic], 33

rhyssaeformis, 33

rubi, 21

rubofascia [sic], 33

rubripalpis, 33

rubristigma, 30

rubrofascia, 33

rufa, 33

ruficauda, 25

ruficaudis, 33

ruficrista, 43

sangaica, 28

santanna, 33

sapygaeformis, 28, 33

saxifragae, 33

schwarzi, 33

sciophilaeformis, 33

scitula, 33

sellustiformis, 33

seneciodes, 32

senta, 33

sexfasciata, 38

simois, 33

sophax, 41

stenothyris, 33

syringae, 37

tabogana, 33

taylori, 42

tecta, 38

tenuis, 34

tetranoma, 34

tiresa, 41

tricincta, 24, 32

tricincta, 32

trithyris, 34

tryphoniformis, 34

unicolor, 41

uranauges, 34

vassei, 34

ventralis, 34

verecunda, 38

washingtonia, 29

whitelyi, 34

yezoensis, 28

aegerides, Chimaerosphecia, 42

Aegerina, 40

allotriochora, 40

alomyaeformis, 40

mesostenos, 40

ovinia, 40

vignae, 40

aegerioides, Balataea, 45

aegerioides, Burlacena, 15

Aegerosphecia, 41

calliptera, 41

cyanea, 42

fasciata, 42

fulviventris, 42

mysolica, 42

Aegina [sic], 27

aegyptiaca, Choreutis, 53

aegyptiaca, Simaethis, 53

aemula, Aegeria, 33

aenea, Aenigmina, 42

aeneiceps, Eretmocera, 44

aeneigutta, Choreutis, 56

aenescens, Choregia, 56

aenescens, Melittia, 27

aenescens, Tortyra, 56

Aenigmina, 42

aenea, 42

Aenigmina latimargo, 42

aeolodoxa, Saptha, 55

aeolodoxa, Tortyra, 55

aequalis, Aegeria, 29

aequalis, Gora, 14

aequalis, Sagalassa, 14

aequalis, Synanthedon, 29

aericincta, Aegeria, 29

aericincta, Synanthedon, 29

aerifrons, Chamaesphecia, 34

aerifrons, Sesia, 34

aerosa, Synanthedon, 29

aestivata, Chamaesphecia, 34

aeternalis [sic], Simaethis, 50

aethiopica, Chamaesphecia, 30

aethiopica, Melittia, 26

Aethria leucaspis, 45

affinis, Chamaesphecia, 34

affinis, Paranthrene, 23

affinis, Sesia, 34

africana, Albuna, 23

africana, Macrotarsipus, 43

africana, Paranthrene, 23

africana, Sesia, 43

agalmatopa, Choreutis, 52

agalmatopa, Tebenna, 52

agathiformis, Aegeria, 28

agathiformis, Sesia, 28

agdistiformts, Sesia, 37

agdistiformis, Weismanniola, 37

agelasta, Choreutis, 52

agelasta, Tebenna, 52

agnes, Sesia, 36

agriliformis, Aegeria, 35

Agriomelissa, 42

gypsospora, 42

Agrophila zebra, 56

aicha, Pyropteron, 37

alaica, Bembecia, 39

alaica, Dipsosphecia, 39

albanensis, Sesia, 28

albanica, Sesia, 29

albanica, Synanthedon, 29

albertiana, Hemerophila, 56

albertiana, Phalaena (Tortrix), 56

albicalcarata, Sesia, 29

albicalcarata, Synanthedon, 29

albiciliatus, Atractoceros, 14

albiciliatus, Atychia, 14

albicincta, Chamanthedon, 40

albicincta, Homogyna, 43

albicoma, Bembecia, 21

albicornis, Aegeria, 29

albicornis, Synanthedon, 29

albifascialis, Simaethis, 53

albifasciata, Asterivora, 53

albifasciata, Simaethis, 53

albifrons, Episannina, 41

albifrons, Lepidopoda, 41

albifrons, Paranthrene, 23

albimaculana, Brenthia, 49

albimaculana, Simaethis, 49

albipes, Setiostoma, 57

albipes, Simaethis, 57

albipunctalis, Choreutes [sic], 51

albipunctatus [sic], Macrotarsipus, 43

albipunctus, Macrotarsipus, 43

albitogata, Phycodes, 14

albiventris, Chamaesphecia, 34

albiventris, Ichneumenoptera, 31

albiventris, Sesia, 29, 31

albiventris, Sesia, 29, 34

albociliata, Carmenta, 38

albociliata, Synanthedon, 38

albocingulata, Synanthedon, 30

albomaculata, Hymenosphecia, 43

albotarsata, Sesia, 35

Albuna, 24

carulifera, 24

fraxini, 25

isozona, 25

obertheuri, 25

pyramidalis, 25

zoniota, 25

Albuna africana, 23

artemisiae, 32

beutenmuelleri, 25

beutenmülleri, 25

coloradensis, 25

denotata, 24

dybowskii, 23

modesta, 33

montana, 25

morrisonii [sic], 25

respendens, 33

rileyana, 33

rutilans, 29

tanaceti, 25

torva, 25

vancouverensis, 25

vitrina, 38

vitriosa, 25

zonionota [sic], 25

Alcathoe, 38

altera, 38

carolinensis, 38

caudata, 38

korites, 38

leucopyga, 38

melini, 38

pepsioides, 38

verrugo, 38

Alcathoe annettella, 38

atra, 38

autumnalis, 38

corvinus, 38

ferrugata, 38

walkeri, 38

Alcothoe [sic], 38

alenica, Synanthedon, 29

alenica, Trochilium, 29

alenicola, Aegeria, 42

alenicola, Lophoceps, 42

algeriensis, Sesia, 39

algirtca [sic], Diplosphecia [sic], 39

allantiformis, Sesia, 36

allantiformis, Trochilium, 35, 36

alleri, Synanthedon, 29

alleri, Thamnosphecia, 29

alliciens, Choreutis, 52

alliciens, Tebenna, 52

Allonomyia [sic], 53

Allononyma, 53

Allonyma [sic], 53

allotriochora, Aegerina, 40

alluaudi, Homogyna, 43

almana, Chamaesphecia, 34

almana, Sesia, 34

almohades, Synanthedon, 30

alomyaeformis, Aegerina, 40

Alonina, 42

difformis, 42

longipes, 42

rygchiiformis, 42

Alonina rhynchiformis, 42

rhynchiiformis, 42

rygchiformis [sic], 42

alopecura, Sincara, 25

alpina, Choreutis, 51

alpina, Prochoreutis, 51

alpinella, Anthophila, 50

alpinella, Hemerophila, 50

altera, Alcathoe, 38

alterna, Adixoa, 42

alterna, Aegeria, 42

alternalis, Asopia, 50

alyoniformis [sic], Sesia, 34

alysaeformis, Sesia, 36

alysoniformis, Chamaesphecia, 34

alysoniformis, Sesia, 34

amalleuta, Oligophlebia, 42

amasina, Sesia, 33

amatana, Brenthia, 49

amatana, Simaethis, 49

ambigua, Melittia, 24

ambigua, Miscera, 14

ambigua, Sagalassa, 14

amblyphaea, Melittia, 26

amboinensis, Melittia, 26

ambrensis, Microsynanthedon, 42

americana, Sesia, 30

amethystodes, Choreutis, 53

amethystodes, Simaethis, 53

amoena, Melittia, 26

amorpha, Chamanthedon, 40

ampelopsis, Cissuvora, 22

amphicarpeoeana, Microaethia, 49, 50

Amphisa luridana, 54

Amphithales, 42

episcopopa, 42

ampla, Miscera, 14

ampla, Sagalassa, 14

amygdaloidis, Chamaesphecia, 36

analoga, Asterivora, 53

analoga, Simaethis, 53

anatolica, Chamaesphecia, 34

Anaudia, 42

felderi, 42

Anaudia, 43

felderi, 43

andalusica, Pyropteron, 35

andamana, Paranlhrene, 24

andraeniformis [sic], Melitlia, 42

andraeniformis [sic], Sesia, 29

andraenipennis, Melitlia, 42

andraenipennis, Pseudomelittia, 42

andrenaeformis, Sesia, 29

andrenaeformis, Synanthedon, 29

andreniformis [sic], Sesia, 29

andrepiclera, Lepidopoda, 40

andrepictera [sic], Lepidopoda, 40

andrepictura, Lepidopoda, 40

androchroma, Pyropteron, 35

androgyna, Miscera, 14

anellata [sic], Sesia, 34

angarides [sic], Conopia, 29

angarodes, Sesia, 29

angarodes, Synanthedon, 29

angulosa, Anthophila, 53

angulosa, Choreutis, 53

angustana, Tortrix, 51

angustistriata, Saptha, 55

angustistriata, Tortyra, 55

animosa, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

anisopa, Brenthia, 49

anisozona, Sesia, 29

anisozona, Synanthedon, 29

ankaratralis, Malgassesia, 42

annellata, Chamaesphecia, 34

annellata, Sesia, 34

annettella, Alcathoe, 38

annulifera, Paranthrene, 24

anomala, Penmsetia, 21

anomaliformis, Aegeria, 29

anomaliformis, Synanthedon, 29

anonyma, Aegeria, 28

anthedoniformis, Melittia, 25, 26

anthomera, Alychia, 14

Anthophila, 50

abhasica, 50

alpinella, 50

armata, 50

brachymorpha, 50

colchica, 50

decolorana, 50

dischides, 50

fabriciana, 50

filipjevi, 50

halimora, 50

oreina, 50

Anthophila angulosa, 53

fabricii, 50

lutosa, 54

macropa, 55

mylleri, 51

oxyacanlhae, 50

parina [sic], 55

punctosa, 52

quincyella, 55

superba, 50

takaonis, 57

anthorma, Choreutis, 53

anthorma, Simaethis, 53

anthracias, Chamaesphecia, 34

anthracias, Pyropteron, 39

anthraciformis, Chamaesphecia, 34

anthraciformis, Sesia, 34

anthraciformis [sic], Sphinx, 29

anthraciniformis, Sphinx, 29

anthracipennis, Carmenta, 38

anthracipennis, Sesia, 38

anthrax, Chamaesphecia, 35

anthrax, Paranthrene, 23

Anthrenoptera, 21

antichlora, Choreutis, 53

antichlora, Simaethis, 53

antigama, Trichocerota, 22

antigrapha, Asterivora, 53

antigrapha, Simaethis, 53

antiphanopa, Tyrictaca, 44

antiptila, Choreutis, 53

Antophila [sic], 50

Anypoptus, 44

tricolor, 44

apache, Carmenta, 38

apicalis, Aegeria, 29

apicalis, Synanthedon, 29

apicalis, Tyrictaca, 44

apiformis, Sesia, 28

apiformis, Sphinx, 27, 28

Apis Persica, 30

apocynoglossa, Caloreas, 52

apocynoglossa, Choreutis, 52

appendiculata. Sphinx, 13

appendiculatus, Brachodes, 13

apyra, Dipsosphecia, 40

Arauzona, 44

basalis, 44

moorei, 44

arcangeli [sic], Melitlia, 26

arcangelii, Melittia, 26

arcigera, Gauris, 56

arcigera, Hemerophila, 56

arctica, Sesia, 29

arctica, Synanthedon, 29

ardens, Brenthia, 49

argentifascia, Tortyra, 56

argentifrons, Tirista, 25

argoxantha, Choreutis, 53

argoxantha, Simaethis, 53

argyrastra, Choreutis, 51

argyrastra, Prochoreutis, 51

argyrota, Choreutis, 51

argyrota, Prochoreutis, 51

argyroxantha, Brenthia, 49

argyroxantha, Choreutis, 49

arisema, Choreutis, 51

arisema, Prochoreutis, 51

aristura, Tipulamima, 41

aristura, Tipulomima [sic], 41

arizonae, Carmenta, 38

arizonae, Sesia, 38

arizonensis, Gaea, 29

arizonensis, Synanthedon, 29

arkansasensis, Synanthedon, 29

armasata, Aegeria, 38

armasata, Carmenta, 38

armata, Anthophila, 50

armeniaca, Chamaesphecia, 35

armeniaca, Sesia, 35

armoncana, Sesia, 40

arrecta, Melitlia, 26

artemisiae, Albuna, 32

asamaensis, Sesia, 28

asamaensis, Sphecia, 28

asamaiensis [sic], Sphecia, 28

Aschistophleps, 43

lampropoda, 43

metachryseis, 43

ruficrista, 43

Aschistophleps haematochrodes, 43

melissoides, 43

metachrysis [sic] 43

asellana [sic], Sesia, 34

aselliformis, Sesia, 22

asema, Synanthedon, 29

ashtaroth, Lenyra, 43

ashtaroth, Trochilium, 43

asiatica, Melittia, 26

asiliformis, Sphinx, 23, 24

asilipennis, Paranthrene, 23

asilipennis, Sesia, 23

Asopia alternalis, 50

dentanalis, 50

incisalis, 53, 54

nemoranalis, 54

parialis, 54

aspetura, Pseudalcathoe, 41

astatiformis, Sesia, 37

astarte, Melittia, 26

astarte, Trochilium, 26

Asterivora, 53

analoga, 53

antigrapha, 53

barbigera, 53

chatuidea, 53

colpota, 53

combinatana, 53

exocha, 53

fasciata, 53

homotypa, 53

inspoliata, 53

iochondra, 53

lampadra, 53

marmarea, 53

microlitha, 53

ministra, 53

nivescens, 53

oleariae, 53

symbolaea, 53

tillyardi, 53

tristis, 53

urbana, 53

zomeuta, 53

Asterophaga, 53

astragali, Sesia, 29

astragali, Synanthedon, 29

astyages, Dipsosphecia, 40

astyarcha, Aegeria, 29

astyarcha, Synanthedon, 29

asyliformis, Rectala, 21

atavus, Synanthedon, 30

atcinsoni, Paranthrene, 23

aterea, Sphecosesia, 44

athaliaeformis, Sesia, 40

athmodesma [sic], Choreutis, 51

atkinsoni, Paranthrene, 23

atkinsoni, Pramila, 23

atlantica, Dipsosphecia, 40

atlantis, Chamaesphecia, 35

atmodesma, Choreutis, 51

atmodesma, Peotyle, 51

atra, Alcathoe, 38

atra, Melanosphecia, 43

Atractoceros, 14

albiciliatus, 14

xanthoprocta, 14

atramentaria, Chamaesphecia, 35

atrosignata, Choreutis, 53

atrosignata, Simaethis, 53

atrox, Choreutis, 51

atrox, Prochoreutis, 51

Atychia, 13

albiciliatus, 14

anthomera, 14

beryti, 13

candefactus, 13

caradjae, 13

compar, 13

confinis, 13

desmotoma, 14

diabolus, 14

diacona, 13

dispar, 13

episcota, 14

exilis, 13

fallax, 13

fasciatus, 13

flavescens, 13

formosus, 13

gaditana, 13

infandus, 13

keredjella, 13

laetus, 13

lucida, 13

mediterranea, 13

mesochrysa, 14

mesopotamicus, 13

metaspilus, 13

minutulus, 13

monotonus, 13

nana, 13

nanetta, 13

nycleropis, 13

orientalis, 13

powelli, 13

pusilla, 13

quaerula [sic], 14

querula, 14

quiris, 14

radiatus, 14

radiolatus, 14

rasa, 14

rasata, 14

rhagensis, 14

straminella, 14

triphaenoides, 14

tristis, 14

atychioides, Polyphlebia, 14

Augangela, 43

xanthomias, 43

augustana [sic], Simaethis, 51

augustella, Caloreas, 52

augustella, Choreutis, 52

aulograpta, Aegeria, 29

aulograpta, Synanthedon, 29

aurania, Ceratocorema, 29

aurania, Synanthedon, 29

aurantia, Zenodoxus, 22

aurantiaca, Paranthrene, 23

aurantiaca, Sciapteron, 23

aurantiarum [sic], Paranthrene, 23

aurantiibasis, Aegeria, 40

aurantiibasis, Chamanthedon, 40

aurantis, Carmenta, 38

aurata, Aegena, 35

aurata, Chamaesphecia, 35

aurea, Similipepsis, 44

aureocincta, Podosesia, 37

aureola, Aegeria, 29

aureopurpura, Aegeria, 38

aureopurpurea [sic], Sesia, 38

aureosquamata, Melittia, 26

aureosquamala, Parasa, 25, 26

auresiana, Pyropteron, 35

auricaudata, Bembecia, 39

auricaudata, Dipsosphecia, 39

auricollis, Adixoa, 23

auricollis, Melanosphecia, 44

auricollis, Melittia, 44

auricollis, Paranthrene, 23

aurifera, Chamaesphecia, 35

aurifera, Conopia, 29

aurifera, Paranthrene, 23

aurifera, Sesia, 35

aurifera, Synanthedon, 29

auriferalis, Tortyra, 56

auripennis, Myrsila, 44

auripes, Ichneumenoptera, 29, 31

auripes, Lepidopoda, 31

auripes, Synanthedon, 29

auripicta, Camaegeria, 41

auriplena, Aegeria, 29

auriplena, Synanthedon, 29

auriplumia, Melittia, 26

auripyga, Adixoana, 42

auristrigata, Melittia, 44

auristrigata, Trichobaptes, 44

auritincta, Canopia [sic], 29

auritincta, Carmenta, 38

auritincta, Synanthedon, 29

auritincta, Synanthedon, 38

aurivena, Leptocimbicina, 23

aurivena, Paranthrene, 23

aurivilii [sic], Sesia, 32

aurivillii, Sesia, 32

aurociliata, Melittia, 26

aurociliata, Pansa, 26

aurofasciana, Simaethis, 56

aurofasciana, Tortyra, 56

aurofasciata [sic], Tortyra, 56

auronitens, Sesia, 41

auronitens, Tipulamima, 41

aurora, Rhipidura, 41

aurora, Rhipidurina, 41

austini, Carmenta, 33

australis, Choreutis, 53

Austrosetia, 28

semirufa, 28, 33

autremonti, Synanthedon, 29

autumnalis, Alcathoe, 38

axiomnemoneuta, Leptaegeria, 40

azonos, Chamaesphecia, 35

azonos, Sesia, 35

azrael, Melittia, 26

azraël, Melittia, 26

Badera, 55

nobilis, 55

pretiosa, 55

prodigella, 55

Balataea, 45

aegerioides, 45

Balataea homotona, 14

balcanica, Chamaesphecia, 35

balkis, Bembecia, 39

balkis, Pyropteron, 39

balsamorrhizella, Choreutis, 52

balsamorrhizella, Tebenna, 52

balteata, Dolophrosyne, 44

balteata, Dolophrosynella, 44

banchiformis. Sphinx, 36

barbara, Bembecia, 39

barbara, Dipsosphecia, 39

barbigera, Asterivora, 53

barbigera, Simaethis, 53

barnesi, Melittia, 26

barnesii, Sanninoidea, 30

basalis, Aegeria, 29

basalis, Arauzona, 44

basalis, Choregia, 56

basalis, Choreutis, 53

basalis, Simaethis, 53

basalis, Synanthedon, 29

basichrysa, Miscera, 14

bassichrysa, Sagalassa, 14

bassiformis, Aegeria, 38

bassiformis, Carmenta, 38

batangensis, Choreutis, 51

batangensis, Peotyle, 51

batchiana, Melittia, 26

bathysema, Choreutis, 53

bathysema, Eutromula, 53

beckeri, Melittia, 26

behrensi [sic], Synanthedon, 33

behrensii, Pyrrholaenia, 32

belia, Aegeria, 43

bellieri, Pyropteron, 35

Bembecia, 38

alaica, 39

auricaudata, 39

balkis, 39

barbara, 39

bestianaeli, 39

biedermanni, 39

bohatschi, 39

ceiformis, 39

chrysidiformis, 39

chrysomelaena, 39

dancaudani, 39

deipyla, 39

dioctriiformis, 39

dispar, 39

flavida, 39

fortis, 39

gruneri, 39

hannemanni, 39

himmighoffeni, 39

hymenopteriformis, 39

ili, 39

jakuta, 39

kalavrytana, 39

lasicera, 39

lomatiaeformis, 39

megillaeformis, 39

montis, 39

muscaeformis, 39

ninae, 39

palariformis, 39

parthica, 39

polyzona, 39

powelli, 39

romanovi, 39

rondoui, 39

roseiventris, 39

rothschildi, 39

sareptana, 39

schwingenschussi, 40

scopigera, 40

senilis, 40

sirphiformis, 40

splendida, 40

stiziformis, 40

strandi, 40

tancrei, 40

teleta, 40

tenebrosa, 40

tengyraeformis, 40

triannuliformis, 40

tristis, 40

tshimgana, 40

turcmena, 40

uroceriformis, 40

vidua, 40

viguraea, 40

vulcanica, 40

wagneri, 40

Bembecia, 21

albicoma, 21

atlantica, 40

dioctriformis [sic], 39

pernix, 24

sequoiae, 29, 33

superba, 33

tunetana, 39

bembeciformis, Sesia, 28

bembeciformis, Sphinx, 27, 28

benoisti, Synanthedon, 29

bergii, Melittia, 26

berlandi, Pseudomelittia, 42

beryllitis, Saptha, 55

beryllitis, Tortyra, 55

beryti, Atychia, 13

beryti, Brachodes, 13

bestianaeli, Bembecia, 39

betuliperda, Choreutis, 53

betuliperda, Orchemia, 53

beutenmuelleri, Albuna, 25

beutenmuelleri, Synanthedon, 29

beutenmulleri, Albuna, 25

bexari, Zenodoxus, 22

biannulata [sic], Synanthedon, 30

bianulata, Synanthedon, 30

bibio, Teleosphecia, 41

bibioniformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

bibioniformis, Sphinx, 35

bibionipennis, Sesia, 29

bibionipennis, Synanthedon, 29

bicaudella, Brenthia, 49

bicincta, Aegeria, 23

bicincta, Callisphecia, 41

bicincta, Paranthrene, 23

bicingulata, Sesia, 29, 34

bicingulata, Synanthedon, 29

bicolor, Sura, 25

bicolor, Trichocerota, 22

bicolor, Zenodoxus, 22

biedermanni, Bembecia, 39

biedermanni, Pyropteron, 39

biercandrella [sic], Choreutis, 52

bierkandrana, Pyralis, 52

bifenestrata, Synanthedon, 29

biferana, Gauris, 56

biferana, Hemerophila, 56

bigerana, Gauris, 56

bigerana, Hemerophila, 56

binghami, Melittia, 26

bjerkandella [sic], Choreutes [sic], 52

bjerkandrana, Simaethis, 52

bjerkandrella, Tebenna, 52

bjerkandrella, Tinea, 52

blaciformis, Aegeria, 29

blaciformis, Synanthedon, 29

blandinalis, Caloreas, 52

blandinalis, Choreutis, 52

bohatschi, Bembecia, 39

bohatschi, Sesia, 39

bohemica, Pennisetia, 21

boisduvali, Chamaesphecia, 35

bolli, Aegeria, 38

bollii [sic], Sesia, 38

bolteri, Aegeria, 29

bolteri, Synanthedon, 29

 bombiformis [sic], Dasysphecia, 42

 bombiformis, Desmopoda, 27

bombiliformis, Melittia, 26

bombiliformis, Sphinx, 25, 26

Bombosceles, 22

cyanomyia, 22

bombyciformis, Sphinx, 37

bombyciformis, Tarsa, 23

bombyliformis, Dasysphecia, 42

bombyliformis, Melittia, 26

bombyliformis, Sphecia, 42

bombyliformis, Sphinx, 26

bombylipennis, Melittia, 26

Bonia, 44

unicolor, 44

borreyi, Chamaesphecia, 35

borsanii, Chamaesphecia, 35

bosqi, Synanthedon, 29

bosqui [sic], Synanthedon, 29

Botys houttuynnialis, 56

boulleti, Melittia, 26

boulleti, Trilochana, 44

bouvieri, Melanosphecia, 44

brabanti, Melittia, 26

Brachodes, 13

appendiculatus, 13

beryti, 13

candefactus, 13

canonitis, 13

caradjae, 13

cassandrella, 13

diacona, 13

dispar, 13

fallax, 13

fasciatus, 13

flavescens, 13

formosus, 13

fulgurita, 13

funebris, 13

infandus, 13

keredjella, 13

laetus, 13

mesopotamicus, 13

metaspilus, 13

minutulus, 13

monotonus, 13

nana, 13

nanetta, 13

nycteropis, 13

orientalis, 13

pumila, 13

quiris, 14

radiatus, 14

radiolatus, 14

rhagensis, 14

straminella, 14

tristis, 14

Brachodes vernetella, 13

brachymorpha, Anthophila, 50

brachymorpha, Simaethis, 50

brachyptera, Sphecosesia, 44

brachythyra, Trichocerota, 22

braconiformis, Sesia, 35, 40

bradleyi, Tebenna, 52

Bradyptesis, 13

brandti, Chamaesphecia, 35

Brenthia, 49

acmogramma, 49

albimaculana, 49

amatana, 49

anisopa, 49

ardens, 49

argyroxantha, 49

bicaudella, 49

buthusalis, 49

caelicola, 49

carola, 49

catenata, 49

ceutholychna, 49

confluxana, 49

coronigera, 49

cyanastra, 57

cyanaula, 49

dendronympha, 49

depulsana, 49

dicentrota, 49

diplotaphra, 49

elachista, 50

elatella, 50

episotras, 50

eriopis, 50

excusana, 50

formosensis, 50

gamicopis, 50

harmonica, 50

heptacosma, 50

hexaselena, 50

leptocosma, 50

leucatoma, 50

lithocrossa, 50

logistis, 50

luminifera, 50

malachitis, 50

melodica, 50

moniligera, 50

monolychna, 50

nephelosema, 50

ocellata, 50

octogemmifera, 50

ocularis, 50

pampoecila, 50

paranympha, 50

pavonacella, 49, 50

pileae, 50

pleiadopa, 50

quadriforella, 50

salaconia, 50

salinata, 50

sapindella, 50

spintheristis, 50

stenorma, 50

stimulans, 50

strophalora, 50

stylophora, 50

suavis, 50

tetartodipla, 50

trilampas, 50

trilitha, 50

trimachaera, 50

virginalis, 50

yaeyamae, 50

Brenthia buthalis, 49

chrysosperma, 56

hecataea, 49

inflatella, 51

japonica, 49

ochripalpis, 56

pavonicella [sic], 50

quadriflorella [sic], 50

virginiella, 51

brevicornis, Melittia, 26

brevifolia, Penstemonia, 38

breyeri, Chamaesphecia, 35

brillians, Chamanthedon, 40

brillians, Sesia, 40

brosiformis, Sphinx, 22

brunescens, Choreutis, 51

brunescens, Prochoreutis, 51

brunnea, Trochilum [sic], 28

brunneipennis, Aegeria, 33

brunneri, Sesia, 32

buprestiformis, Aegeria, 29

buprestiformis, Synanthedon, 29

buprestoides, Aclytia, 14

buprestoides, Polyphlebia, 14

Burlacena, 15

aegerioides, 15

similata, 15

vacua, 15

burmana, Melittia, 26

buscki, Sylvora, 29

busckiella, Choreutis, 52

buthalis, Brenthia, 49

buthusalis, Brenthia, 49

buthusalis, Simaethis, 49

butleri, Melittia, 26

caelicola, Brenthia, 49

caeruleifascia, Ichneumenoptera, 29

caeruleifascia, Synanthedon, 29

caeruleimicans, Paranthrene, 23

caeruleimicans, Sciapteron, 23

caeruleonitens [sic], Sphecia, 25

caerulifera, Trochilium, 24

caerulipes, Ichneumenoptera, 29

caerulipes, Synanthedon, 29

caflischi [sic], Aegeria, 28

caflischii, Trochilium, 28

caieta, Aegeria, 38

calabaza, Melittia, 26

Calasesia, 28

coccinea, 28

californicum, Trochilium, 28

caliginosa, Caloreas, 52

caliginosa, Choreutis, 52

Callatolmis, 14

chrysauge, 14

coleoptrata, 14

hemicamina, 14

calliclisa, Choreutis, 51

calliclisa, Prochoreutis, 51

callipleura, Euhagena, 25

calliptera, Aegerosphecia, 41, 42

Callisphecia, 41

bicincta, 41

oberthueri, 41

puera, 41

Callisphecia oberthüri, 41

Callithia, 28

oberthueri, 28

Callithia oberthüri, 28

callosoma, Megalosphecia, 43

callosoma, Melittia, 26

Caloreas, 52

apocynoglossa, 52

augustella, 52

blandinalis, 52

caliginosa, 52

charmonica, 52

coloradella, 52

cydrota, 52

enantia, 52

hymenaea, 52

lactibasis, 52

loxotenes, 52

multimarginata, 52

occidentella, 52

pelinobasis, 52

schausiella, 52

tacubayella, 52

venusta, 52

Camaegeria, 41

auripicta, 41

cambodialis, Paranthrene, 23

cambodialis, Sannina, 23

cambyses, Sincara, 25

canadensis, Synanthedon, 29

canarensis, Paranthrene, 23

candefactus, Atychia, 13

candefactus, Brachodes, 13

candescens, Aegeria, 28

candescens, Monopetalotaxis, 42

candescens, Trochilina, 42

canescens, Zenodoxus, 22

canofusana, Gauris, 56

canofusana, Hemerophila, 56

canonitis, Brachodes, 13

canonitis, Palamernis, 13

Canopia [sic], 29

auritincta, 29

cantharodes, Tortyra, 56

caracasiae, Tortyra, 56

caradjae, Atychia, 13

caradjae, Brachodes, 13

carduella, Choreutis, 52

cardui, Phalaena (Tortrix), 52

carduiella, Choreutis, 52

carduiella, Tebenna, 52

Carmenta, 37

albociliata, 38

anthracipennis, 38

apache, 38

arizonae, 38

armasata, 38

auritincta, 38

bassiformis, 38

chrysophanes, 38

commoni, 38

corni, 38

engelhardti, 38

giliae, 38

ithacae, 38

mariona, 38

mimuli, 38

odda, 38

ogalala, 38

pallene, 38

phoradendri, 38

prosopis, 38

pyralidiformis, 38

querci, 38

rubricincta, 38

subaerea, 38

suffusata, 38

tecta, 38

texana, 38

verecunda, 38

welchelorum, 38

wellerae, 38

xanthogyna, 38

Carmenta aurantis, 38

austini, 33

fraxini, 24, 25

helenis, 31

minuta, 28

nigra, 38

ruficornis, 28

sanborni, 38

torrancia, 38

woodgatei, 38

carola, Brenthia, 49

carolinensis, Alcathoe, 38

carulifera, Albuna, 24

carulifera, Paranthrene, 24

cassandrella, Brachodes, 13

cassandrella, Myelois, 13

castaneae, Sesia, 29

castaneae, Synanthedon, 29

castaneum, Sciapteron, 23

castiliana, Pyropteron, 39

catalina, Synanthedon, 29

catenata, Brenthia, 49

caternaulti, Synanthedon, 29

caucasica, Sesia, 35

caucasica, Tebenna, 52

caudata, Aegeria, 38

caudata, Alcathoe, 38

Caudicornia, 43

xanthopimpla, 43

ceiformis, Bembecia, 39

ceiformis, Sesia, 39

celebica, Melittia, 26

celebica, Paranthrene, 24

centrifuga, Tortyra, 56

centropus, Miscera, 14

cephiformis, Sesia, 29

cephiformis, Synanthedon, 29

ceraca, Aegeria, 29

ceraca, Synanthedon, 29

Ceratocorema, 21

aurania, 29

postcristata, 21

cerceriformis, Aegeria, 29

cerceriformis, Sesia, 39

cerceriformis, Synanthedon, 29

cerceris, Vespanthedon, 42

ceres, Aegena, 29

ceres, Synanthedon, 29

ceriaeformis, Sesia, 34, 35

ceriiformis [sic], Sesia, 34

Ceritrypetes, 37

idiotropha, 37

ceropaliformis, Aegena, 29

ceropaliformis, Synanthedon, 29

ceto, Trochilium, 26

ceutholychna, Brenthia, 49

chalcidiformis, Sphinx, 35

chalciformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

chalciformis, Sesia, 26

chalciformis, Sphinx, 35

chalciphora, Monopetalotaxis, 42

chalciptera, Trilochana, 44

chalcobathra, Tortyra, 56

chalcochlora, Paranthrene, 23

chalcocnemis, Sesia, 39

chalcocrossa, Phycodes, 14

chalcodes, Tortyra, 56

Chalcoela gemmalis, 52

chalconota, Melittia, 26

chalcotoxa, Choreutis, 53

chalcotoxa, Simaethis, 53

chalybea, Aegeria, 30

chalybea, Episannina, 41

chalybea, Simaethis, 57

chalybea, Sura, 25

chalybea, Synanthedon, 30

chalybescens, Melittia, 26

chalypsa, Chamanthedon, 40

Chamaesphecia, 34

adelpha, 34

aerifrons, 34

aestivata, 34

affinis, 34

albiventris, 34

almana, 34

alysoniformis, 34

anatolica, 34

annellata, 34

anthracias, 34

anthraciformis, 34

anthrax, 35

armeniaca, 35

atlantis, 35

atramentaria, 35

aurata, 35

aurifera, 35

azonos, 35

balcanica, 35

bibioniformis 35

boisduvali, 35

borreyi, 35

borsanii, 35

brandti, 35

breyeri, 35

chalciformis, 35

chrysoneura, 35

cirgisa, 35

clathrata, 35

colpiformis, 35

consobrina, 35

corsica, 35

crassicornis, 35

cryptiformis, 35

cyanopasta, 35

deltaica, 35

djakonovi, 35

doleriformis, 35

doryceraeformis, 35

doryliformis, 35

dumonti, 35

elampiformis, 35

empinaeformis, 35

erodiiphaga, 36

euceraeformis, 36

fenusaeformis, 36

ferganae, 36

festai, 36

foeniformis, 36

fredi, 36

guriensis, 36

haberhaueri, 36

infernalis, 36

iranica, 36

kautzi, 36

koshantschikovi, 36

lahayei, 36

lanipes, 36

lecerfi, 36

lemur, 36

leucocnemis, 36

leucomelaena, 36

leucoparea, 36

leucopsiformis, 36

loewii, 36

mannii, 36

margiana, 36

masariformis, 36

maurusia, 36

micra, 36

minianiformis, 36

minima, 36

mirza, 36

modica, 36

monspeliensis, 36

montandoni, 36

moreaui, 36

morosa, 36

mutilata, 36

myrsinites, 36

mysiniformis, 36

obraztsovi, 36

oryssiformis, 36

osmiaeformis, 36

palustris, 36

pechi, 36

penthetria, 36

philanthiformis, 37

pluto, 37

powelli, 37

proximata, 37

pudorina, 37

pygmaea, 37

ramburi, 37

regula, 37

rondouana, 37

schmidtiiformis, 37

seitzi, 37

sevenari, 37

seyrigi, 37

staudingeri, 37

taediiformis, 37

tenthrediniformis, 37

thomyris, 37

tritonias, 37

turbida, 37

umbrifera, 37

xantho, 37

zimmermanni, 37

Chamaesphecia aethiopica, 30

amygdaloidis, 36

clermonti, 34

destituta, 36

dolerilinea [sic], 35

doriliformis [sic], 35

ethiopica, 30

fergana [sic], 36

flavoabdominalis, 37

friesei, 36

lecerfi, 39

ledereri, 34

leucopsis [sic], 45

melanophleps, 35

minor, 36

nigrobarbata, 36

ortaliformis [sic], 34

oryssiformis, 36

phaeniformis [sic], 36

rondonana [sic], 37

schmidti, 37

sefid, 35

Chamanthedon, 40

albicincta, 40

amorpha, 40

aurantiibasis, 40

brillians, 40

chalypsa, 40

chrysopasta, 40

coreacola, 40

critheis, 40

elymais, 41

flavipes, 41

fulvipes, 41

gaudens, 41

heliostoma, 41

hilariformis, 41

hypochroma, 41

leucocera, 41

leucopleura, 41

melanoptera, 41

ochracea, 41

quinquecincta, 41

striata, 41

tapeina, 41

tiresa, 41

tropica, 41

xanthopasta, 41

xanthopleura, 41

championi, Sphecia, 23

charlesi, Paranthrene, 23

charmonica, Caloreas, 52

charmonica, Porpe, 52

chatanayi, Pseudalcathoe, 41

chatanayi, Pseudalcathoë[sic], 41

chatuidea, Asterivora, 53

chatuidea, Simaethis, 53

chea, Aegeria, 30

chea, Synanthedon, 30

chelaspis, Choreutis, 53

chelaspis, Simaethis, 53

chi, Choreutis, 53

chi, Hemerophila, 53

chibensis, Conopia, 33

chimaera, Noctua, 14

chimaera, Sphinx, 13

Chimaera, 13

fulgurita, 13

nana, 13

orbonota, 13

pumila, 13

pusilla, 13

radiata, 14, 15

Chimaerosphecia, 41

aegerides, 41

colochelyna, 41

chimana, Melittia, 26

chimena, Pyropteron, 35

Chimera [sic], 13

frmehris, 13

chinensis, Paranthrene, 13

chinensis, Sciapteron, 23

chingana, Tebenna, 52

chingana, Tebeuna [sic], 52

chionardis, Phycodes, 14

chionocosma, Choreutis, 51

chionocosma, Prochoreutis, 51

chionodesrna, Simaethis, 53

Chloreutis [sic], 53

chlorothyris, Aegeria, 30

chlorothyris, Synanthedon, 30

chlorotica, Pyropteron, 39

chmer, Melittia, 27

chodjaevi [sic], Choreutis, 52

chodzhajevi, Choreutis, 52

chodzhajevi, Tebenna, 52

Chordates, 55

Choredates [sic], 55

Choregia, 56

aenescens, 56

basalis, 56

fulgens, 56

ignita, 56

lucasseni, 15

siriana, 55

violacea, 56

Chorenltes [sic], 53

Chorentis [sic], 53

Choreutes, 53

albipunclalis, 51

bjerkandella [sic], 52

dianalis, 54

dolasona [sic], 51

scintilimana [sic], 51

scintillulana [sic], 51

scintilulalis, 51

scintilutana [sic], 51

silphiella, 53

vibralis, 52

Choreuthis [sic], 53

montelli, 51

sibirica, 52

Choreutidia, 53

sexfasciella, 55

Choreutis, 53

achyrodes, 53

aegyptiaca, 53

amethystodes, 53

angulosa, 53

anthorma, 53

antichlora, 53

antiptila, 53

argoxantha, 53

atrosignata, 53

basalis, 53

bathysema, 53

betuliperda, 53

chalcotoxa, 53

chelaspis, 53

chi, 53

collapsa, 54

cothurnata, 54

cunuligera, 54

cyanogramma, 54

cyanotoxa, 54

diana, 54

dichlora, 54

diplogramma, 54

discolor, 55

dryodora, 54

emplecta, 54

entechna, 54

equatoris, 54

euclista, 54

eumetra, 54

falsifica, 54

flavimaculata, 54

fulminea, 54

gratiosa, 54

hestiarcha, 54

holachyrma, 54

hyligenes, 54

hypocroca, 54

ialeura, 54

inscriptana, 54

irimochla, 54

irridens, 54

itriodes, 54

japonica, 54

lethaea, 54

limonias, 54

ludifica, 54

lutescens, 54

lygaeopa, 54

melanopepla, 54

melophaga, 54

mesolyma, 54

metallica, 54

minuta, 54

montana, 54

nemorana, 54

niphocrypta, 54

novarae, 54

obarata, 54

ophiosema, 54

optica, 54

ornaticornis, 54

orthogona, 54

pariana, 54

parva, 55

pelargodes, 55

pentacyba, 57

periploca, 55

piepersiana, 55

plectodes, 55

plumbealis, 55

porphyratma, 55

psilachyra, 55

pyrrhoclista, 55

quincyella, 55

regularis, 55

sandaracina, 55

sapporensis, 55

semicincta, 55

sexfasciella, 55

simplex, 55

stereocrossa, 55

strepsidesma, 55

streptatma, 55

submarginalis, 55

sycopola, 55

taprobanes, 55

threnodes, 55

tigroides, 55

tomicodes, 55

topitis, 55

torridula, 55

tricyanitis, 55

trogalia, 55

turilega, 55

vinosa, 55

xanthogramma, 55

yakushimensis, 55

Choreutis aeneigutta, 56

agalmatopa, 52

agelasta, 52

alliciens, 52

alpine, 51

apocynoglossa, 52

argyrastra, 51

argyrota, 51

argyroxantha, 49

arisema, 51

athmodesma (sic], 51

atmodesma, 51

atrox, 51

augustella, 52

australis, 53

balsamorrhizella, 52

batangensis, 51

biercandrella (sic], 52

blandinalis, 52

brunescens, 51

busckiella, 52

caliginosa, 52

calliclisa, 51

carduella, 52

carduiella, 52

chionocosma, 51

chodjaevi [sic], 52

chodzhajevi, 52

chrysotacta, 52

chrysoterma, 52

coloradella, 52

cydrota, 52

delicata, 51

diana, 52

dolosana, 51

drosodoxa, 51

dyarella, 51

extrinsecella, 51

extrincicella, 51

fuscidorsis, 52

gnaphaliella, 52

gnaphiella [sic], 52

hadrogastra, 51

holotoxa, 51

homotypa, 53

hymenaea, 52

immutabilis, 52

incerta, 51

inspirata, 52

intermedia [sic], 51

intermediana, 51

irradiate, 51

isshikii, 52

kiiensis, 49

lampadias, 53

lapidaria, 52

lascivalis, 57

leptilonella, 52

leucobasis, 52

melanifera, 52

micatis, 52

moniligera, 50

monognoma, 51

müllerana [sic], 51

multimarginata, 52

myllerala [sic], 51

myllerans [sic], 51

nolotoxa [sic], 51

occidentella, 52

octogemmifera, 50

ocularis, 50

ohiensis, 53

ohioensis [sic], 53

pernivalis, 51

phalaraspis, 51

philonyma, 52

piperella, 53

punctuosa [sic], 52

pychnomochla, 53

radians, 52

sachalinensis, 52

schausiella, 52

scintillulalis [sic], 51

scintilulana, 51

solaris, 52

sororculella, 52

stellaris, 52

suavis, 50

tacubayella, 52

talyshensis, 52

ultimana, 52

ussurica, 52

chorica, Hemerophila, 56

chorica, Tortyra, 56

chorogi, Synanthedon, 30

chosensis, Conopia, 30

chosensis, Synanthedon, 30

chretieni, Pyropteron, 35

chrysauge, Callatolmis, 14

chrysauge, Eustixis, 14

chrysescens, Melittia, 27

chrysidiformis, Bembecia, 39

chrysidiformis, Sesia, 36

chrysidiformis, Sphinx, 39

chrysidipernnis, Sesia, 30

chrysidipennis, Synanthedon, 30

chrysobapta, Melittia, 26

chrysochloris, Paranthrene, 23

chrysochloris, Trilochana, 23

chrysogaster, Melittia, 26

chrysoidea, Paranthrene, 23

chrysomelaena, Bembecia, 39

chrysomelaena, Pyropteron, 39

chrysoneura, Chamaesphecia, 35

chrysonympha, Algeria, 30

chrysonympha, Synanthedon, 30

chrysopasta, Chamanthedon, 40

chrysophanes, Carmenta, 38

chrysophanes, Sesia, 38

chrysoprasitis, Saptha, 55

chrysoprasitis, Tortyra, 55

chrysoptera, Aegeria, 30

chrysoptera, Synanthedon, 30

chrysorrhoea, Sphinx, 34

chrysosperma, Brenthia, 56

chrysosperma, Zodia, 56

chrysostetha, Diakonoffia, 37

chrysostetha, Synanthedon, 37

chrysotacta, Choreutis, 52

chrysotacta, Tebenna, 52

chrysoterma, Choreutis, 52

chrysoterma, Tebenna, 52

Cibdeloses, 15

dolopis, 15

Cicinnocnemis, 45

cornuta, 45

Cicinnoscelis, 42

longipes, 42

Cicinoscelis [sic], 42

cillutincariensis, Leptaegeria, 40

cinctipes, Gauris, 56

cinctipes, Hemerophila, 56

cingulata, Paranthrene, 22

cingulata, Pseudomelittia, 42

cirgisa, Chamaesphecia, 35

cirrhozona, Synanthedon, 30

Cissuvora, 22

ampelopsis, 22

citrura, Aegeria, 30

citrura, Synanthedon, 30

cladiiformis, Aegeria, 30

cladiiformis, Synanthedon, 30

clara, Synanthedon, 31

clarkei, Penstemonia, 38

clathrata, Chamaesphecia, 35

clavicornis, Aegeria, 30

clavicornis, Synanthedon, 30

clemensella, Porpe, 51

clemensella, Prochoreutis, 51

clermonti, Chamaesphecia, 34

Cloreutis [sic], 53

coccinea, Calasesia, 28

coccinea, Pyrrhotaenia, 28

coccidivora, Synanthedon, 30

Coccyx decorana, 54

codeti, Sesia, 30

codeti, Synanthedon, 30

coeruleonitens, Sphecia, 25

colchica, Anthophila, 50

coleoptrata, Callatolmis, 14

coleoptrata, Lycomorpha, 14

collapsa, Choreutis, 54

collapsa, Simaethis, 54

colochelyna, Chimaerosphecia, 41

coloradella, Caloreas, 52

coloradella, Choreutis, 52

coloradensis, Albuna, 25

coloradensis, Pyrrhotaenia, 25

colpiformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

colpiformis, Sesia, 35

colpota, Asterivora, 53

colpota, Simaethis, 53

columbica, Stenosphecia, 41

combinatana, Asterivora, 53

combinatana, Simaethis, 53

combusta, Melittia, 26

combusta, Neosphecia, 26

comes, Podosesia, 38

commoni, Carmenta, 38

compar, Atychia, 13

compulsana, Jonaca, 14

concavifascia, Synanthedon, 30

confinis, Atychia, 13

confluxana, Brenthia, 49

confluxana, Simaethis, 49

confusa, Sincara, 25

congoana, Melittia, 26

congruens, Melittia, 26

coniophora, Synechodes, 14

Conopia, 28

angarides [sic], 29

aurifera, 29

chibensis, 33

chosensis, 30

dasyproctos, 30

fitchi [sic], 31

galloisi, 33

houqua [sic], 31

ignicauda, 31

leucogaster, 31

melanocera, 38

mushana, 32

myopaeformis [sic], 32

nihonica [sic], 33

opalizans, 32

paupera [sic], 32

persicae [sic], 31

richardsi, 33

subtillima, 33

theobroma, 34

volaria [sic], 34

conopiformis, Sphinx, 30

conopiformis, Synanthedon, 30

Conopsia, 41

terminiflava, 41

Conopsia terminiphora [sic], 41

Conopyga, 43

metallescens, 43

consimilis, Aegeria, 38

consobrina, Chamaesphecia, 35

conspersa, Miscera, 14

conspersa, Sagalassa, 14

constricta, Tinthia, 22

constricta, Zenodoxus, 22

contaminata, Sesia, 28

contaminata, Sphecia, 27, 28

contracta, Pennisetia, 21

contracta, Sphecia, 21

contrariana, Gauris, 56

contrariana, Hemerophila, 56

contubernalis, Hemerophila, 56

contubernalis, Simaethis, 56

coquimbensis, Synanthedon, 30

coracodes, Trochilium, 24

corcyrensis, Sesia, 28

cordata [sic], Acalthoë [sic], 38

coreacola, Chamanthedon, 40

corni, Aegeria, 38

corni, Carmenta, 38

cornuta, Cicinnocnemis, 45

coronigera, Brenthia, 49

corporalis, Aegeria, 30

corporalis, Synanthedon, 30

corsica, Chamaesphecia, 35

corsica, Sesia, 35

corusca, Aegeria, 33

corvinus, Alcathoe, 38

Cosmosoma omphala, 45

costalimae, Leptaegeria, 40

Cotaena, 44

mediana, 44

plenella, 44

cothurnata, Choreutis, 54

cothurnata, Simaethis, 54

crabroniforme, Sphecia, 28

crabroniformis, Sesia, 24, 40

crabroniformis, Sphinx, 24, 27, 28, 40

crassalis, Ennychia, 14

crassicornis, Chamaesphecia, 35

crassicornis, Sincara, 25

cretica, Sesia, 30

cretica, Synanthedon, 30

Crinipus, 41

leucozonipus, 41

cristallina, Parasesia, 41

cristata, Oligophlebia, 42

critheis, Aegeria, 40

critheis, Chamanthedon, 40

croaticus, Synanthedon, 30

croconeura, Paradoxecia, 22

croconeura, Paranthrene, 22

croesiformis, Aegeria, 30

croesiformis, Synanthedon, 30

Cronicombra lamella, 57

cruentata, Adixoa, 43

cruentata, Heterosphecia, 43

cruentata, Sesia, 30

cruentata, Synanthedon, 30

cryptica, Aegeria, 30

cryptica, Synanthedon, 30

cryptiformis, Aegeria, 35

cryptiformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

cryptoleucella, Acrobasis, 14

Cryptomima, 41

hampsoni, 41

cryptopyrrhella, Jonaca, 14

cryptopyrrhella, Sagalassa, 14

cubana, Sesia, 30

cubana, Synanthedon, 30

cucurbitae, Aegeria, 26

cucurbitae, Melittia, 26

culex, Sphinx, 30

culiciformis, Sphinx, 29, 30, 33, 36

culiciformis, Synanthedon, 30

cunuligera, Choreutis, 54

cunuligera, Eutromula, 54

cuprealis, Soronia, 21

cuprealis, Tinthia, 21

cupreifascia, Synanthedon, 30

cupreifascia, Trochilium, 30

cupreipennis, Aegeria, 22

cupreipennis, Trichocerota, 22

cupreivitta, Paranthrene, 23

cupreivitta, Sciapteron, 23

cuprescens, Paranthrene, 23

cupressi, Sciapteron, 24

cupressi, Vitacea, 24

cuprinella, Tortyra, 56

cyanastra, Brenthia, 57

cyanaula, Brenthia, 49

cyanea, Aegerosphecia, 42

cyanea, Sura, 25

cyaneifera, Melittia, 26

cyanescens, Ichneumenoptera, 30

cyanescens, Synanthedon, 30

cyanifera [sic], Melittia, 26

cyaniris, Lophoceps, 42

cyanogama, Paranthrene, 23

cyanogramma, Choreutis, 54

cyanogramma, Eutromula, 54

cyanolampra, Sura, 25

cyanomyia, Bombosceles, 22

cyanopasta, Aegeria, 35

cyanopasta, Chamaesphecia, 35

cyanopis, Paranthrene, 23

cyanospira, Aegeria, 30

cyanospira, Synanthedon, 30

cyanotoxa, Choreutis, 54

cyanotoxa, Simaethis, 54

cydrota, Caloreas, 52

cydrota, Choreutis, 52

cymbalistis, Tinthia, 21

cymineuta, Phycodes, 15

cynipiformis, Sphinx, 34

cypridia, Saptha, 55

cypridia, Tortyra, 55

daisensis, Paranthrene, 23

dammersi, Penstemonia, 38

dancaudani, Bembecia, 39

dangeloi, Melittia, 27

d'angeloi, Melittia, 27

danieli, Synanthedon, 30

danubica, Aegeria, 30

danubica, Synanthedon, 30

dasypodiformis, Sesia, 28

dasypodiformis, Sphecia, 28

dasyproctos, Conopia, 30

dasyproctos, Synanthedon, 30

dasysceles, Synanthedon, 30

Dasysphecia bombiformis [sic], 42

Dasysphecia, 42

bombyliformis, 42

davidi, Paranthrene, 23

deceptiva, Aegeria, 38

deceptura, Aegeria, 30

deceptura, Synanthedon, 30

decipiens, Aegeria, 30

decipiens, Synanthedon, 30

decolorana, Anthophila, 50

decorana, Coccyx, 54

deipyla, Aegeria, 39

deipyla, Bembecia, 39

delicata, Choreutis, 51

delicata, Prochoreutis, 51

deltaica, Chamaesphecia, 35

dendronympha, Brenthia, 49

deniba, Dipsosphecia, 39

denotata, Albuna, 24

dentana, Tortrix, 50

dentanalis, Asopia, 50

denudatum, Aegeria, 37

denudatum, Trochilium, 23, 27

depulsana, Brenthia, 49

depulsana, Simaethis, 49

deserta, Sesia, 30

deserta, Synanthedon, 30

Desmopoda, 27

bombiformis, 27

desmotoma, Atychia, 14

desmotoma, Miscera, 14

desmotona [sic], Miscera, 14

destituta, Sesia, 36

diabolus, Atychia, 14

diabolus, Miscera, 14

diacona, Atychia, 13

diacona, Brachodes, 13

Diakonoffia, 37

chrysostetha, 37

diana, Choreutis, 52

diana, Choreutis, 54

diana, Tebenna, 52

diana, Tortrix, 52, 53, 54

dianalis, Choreutes [sic], 54

diaphana, Paranthrene, 24

Diapyra, 21

dicentrota, Brenthia, 49

dichlora, Choreutis, 54

dichlora, Simaethis, 54

dichroipus, Melittia, 26

difformis, Alonina, 42

dimorpha, Synanthedon, 30

dinetiformis, Aegeria, 30

dinetiformis, Synanthedon, 30

dioctriaeformis, Setia [sic], 30

dioctriaeformis, Synanthedon, 30

dioctriformis [sic], Bembecia, 39

dioctriiformis, Bembecia, 39

dioctriiformis, Sesia, 39

diplogramma, Choreutis, 54

diplogramma, Simaethis, 54

Diplosphecia [sic], 39

algirica, 39

diplotaphra, Brenthia, 49

diplotima, Trichocerota, 22

Dipsisphecia [sic], 39

Dipsosphecia, 39

alaica, 39

apyra, 40

astyages, 40

atlantica, 40

auricaudata, 39

barbara, 39

deniba, 39

dumonti, 39

fulvusororcula, 39

grüneri [sic], 39

kalavrytana, 39

louisae, 37

luticornis, 39

miranda, 40

nazir, 39

nigricornis, 40

ninae, 39

norma, 39

oberthüri, 39

polyzona, 39

powelli, 39

romanovi, 39

roseiventris, 39

rothschildi, 39

rubefacta, 39

rubrescens, 39

sareptana, 39

schwingenschussi, 40

sirphiformis, 40

strandi, 40

syrphiformis, 40

teleta, 40

tenebrosa, 40

tshimgana, 40

tunetana, 39

turcmena, 40

viguraea, 40

vulcanica, 40

wagneri, 40

dischides, Anthophila, 50

discolor, Choreutis, 55

discolor, Eutromula, 55

dispar, Atychia, 13

dispar, Bembecia, 39

dispar, Brachodes, 13

dispar, Sciapteron, 39

Disposphecia [sic], 39

distincta, Melittia, 26

diva, Hemerophila, 56

diva, Walsinghamia, 56

divitiosa, Saptha, 55

dizona, Trichocerota, 22

djakonovi, Chamaesphecia, 35

doddi, Melittia, 26

dohertyi, Ichneumenoptera, 23

dohertyi, Melanosphecia, 44

dohertyi, Paranthrene, 23

dolasona [sic], Choreutes [sic], 51

dolens, Melittia, 26

doleriformis, Aegeria, 42

doleriformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

doleriformis, Monopetalotaxis, 42

doleriformis, Sesia, 35

dolerilinea [sic], Chamaesphecia, 35

dollii, Paranthrene, 23

dollii, Sciapteron, 23

Dolophrosyne, 44

balteata, 44

Dolophrosynella, 44

balteata, 44

dolopis, Cibdeloses, 15

dolosana, Choreutis, 51

dolosana, Millieria, 51

dominicki, Synanthedon, 30

donckieri, Hovaesia, 43

donckieri, Sesia, 43

doriliformis [sic], Chamaesphecia, 35

dorsalis, Zenodoxus, 22

dorsatiformis, Melittia, 26

doryceraeformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

doryceraeformis, Sesia, 35

doryliformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

doryliformis, Sesia, 35

drosodoxa, Choreutis, 51

drosodoxa, Prochoreutis, 51

drucei, Synanthedon, 30

dryodora, Choreutis, 54

dryodora, Simaethis, 54

ducellieri, Sesia, 39

dumonti, Chamaesphecia, 35

dumonti, Dipsosphecia, 39

duplex, Sesia, 30

duplex, Synanthedon, 30

duplex, Synanthedon, 31

duporti, Synanthedon, 30

dyarella, Choreutis, 51

dyarella, Prochoreutis, 51

dyari, Aegeria, 28

dyari, Hemerophila, 56

dybowskii, Albuna, 23

dybowskii, Paranthrene, 23

Echidgnathia vitrifascia [sic], 43

Echidgnathia, 43

vitrifasciata, 43

Ecrectica, 43

fasciata, 43

ectothyris, Melittia, 26

editha, Paranthrenopsis, 22

editha, Tinthia, 22

edwardsii, Aegeria, 39

edwardsii, Penstemonia, 39

edwardsii, Sanninoidea, 30

elachista, Brenthia, 50

elaea, Melittia, 26

elampiformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

elampiformis, Sesia, 35

elatella, Brenthia, 50

elatella, Simaethis, 50

elda, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

elegans, Saphtha [sic], 55

elegans, Saptha, 55

elegans, Sesia, 32

ellenbergeri, Episannina, 25

ellenbergeri, Sura, 25

elymais, Aegeria, 41

elymais, Chamanthedon, 41

Embolostoma, 57

emphytiformis, Aegeria, 25

emphytiformis, Euhagena, 25

emphytiformis, Sesia, 33

empiformis, Sphinx, 34, 37

empinaeformis, Aegeria, 35

empinaeformis, Chamaesphecia, 35

emplecta, Choreutis, 54

emplecta, Simaethis, 54

enantia, Caloreas, 52

enantia, Porpe, 52

encomias, Symphorostola, 57

endopyra, Homogyna, 43

endopyra, Tinthia, 43

endoxantha, Melittia, 26

engelhardti, Carmenta, 38

Ennychia crassalis, 14

entechna, Choreutis, 54

entechna, Simaethis, 54

Entomoloma, 53

Entrichella, 22

pogonias, 22

Episannina, 41

albifrons, 41

chalybea, 41

flavicincta, 41

modesta, 41

perlucida, 41

zygaenura, 41

Episannina ellenbergeri, 25

melanochalcia, 25

episcopopa, Amphithales, 42

episcota, Atychia, 14

episcota, Miscera, 14

episotras, Brenthia, 50

Epitarsipus, 42

rufithorax, 42

equatoris, Choreutis, 54

equatoris, Simaethis, 54

erasmia, Euhagena, 25

eremocarpi, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

Eretmocera aeneiceps, 44

eriopis, Brenthia, 50

Erismatica, 43

erythropis, 43

erodiiphaga, Chamaesphecia, 36

erythranches, Trichocerota, 22

erythrina, Melittia, 26

erythrogama, Aegeria, 30

erythrogama, Synanthedon, 30

erythromma, Synanthedon, 30

erythropis, Erismatica, 43

erythrostigma, Sesia, 35

esakii, Zenodoxus, 22

ethiopica, Chamaesphecia, 30

ethiopica, Synanthedon, 30

Eublepharis, 43

ruficincta, 43

eubrachycera, Miscera, 14

eubrachycera, Sagalassa, 14

eucallynta, Phycodes, 15

euceraeformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

euceraeformis, Sesia, 35, 36

eucheripennis, Pennisetia, 21

euclista, Choreutis, 54

euclista, Simaethis, 54

euglossaeformis, Sesia, 35

Euhagena, 25

callipleura, 25

emphytiformis, 25

erasmia, 25

leucozona, 25

lilloi, 25

nebraskae, 25

nobilis, 25

variegata, 25

Euhagena hirsuta, 38

intensa, 25

mormoni, 25

Eumallopoda, 25

laniremis, 25, 27

eumeniformis, Sesia, 36

eumeniformis, Sincara, 25

eumetra, Choreutis, 54

eumetra, Simaethis, 54

eupatorri, Aegeria, 38

Euryphrissa, 40

plumipes, 40

syngenica, 40

eurytion, Melittia, 26

eurytion, Melittia, 27

eurytion, Trochilium, 26, 27

Eusphecia, 27

eusphyra, Lophocnema, 21

eusphyra, Pennisetia, 21

Eustixis chrysauge, 14

Euthorybeta, 14

ochroplaca, 14

xanthoplaca, 14

Eutromula, 53

bathysema, 53

cunuligera, 54

cyanogramma, 54

discolor, 55

hypocroca, 54

mesolyma, 54

minuta, 54

sexfassiella [sic], 55

vinosa, 55

exanthista, Saptha, 55

exanthista, Tortyra, 55

excusana, Brenthia, 50

excusana, Simaethis, 50

exilis, Atychia, 13

exitiosa, Aegeria, 29, 30

exitiosa, Synanthedon, 30

exitissa [sic], Aegeria, 30

exocha, Asterivora, 53

exocha, Simaethis, 53

exochiformis, Aegeria, 31

exochiformis, Synanthedon, 31

exocka [sic], Simaethis, 53

expleta, Sesia, 35

extrincicella, Choreutis, 51

extrincicella, Prochoreutis, 51

extrinsecella, Choreutis, 51

fabriciana, Anthophila, 50

fabriciana, Phalaena (Tortrix), 50

fabricii, Anthophila, 50

fallax, Atychia, 13

fallax, Brachodes, 13

fallax, Sesia, 37

falsifica, Choreutis, 54

falsifica, Simaethis, 54

falsissima, Melanoxena, 56

fasciata, Aegerosphecia, 42

fasciata, Asterivora, 53

fasciata, Ecrectica, 43

fasciata, Melittia, 42

fasciata, Simaethis, 53

fasciatus, Atychia, 13

fasciatus, Brachodes, 13

fasciculipes, Aegeria, 31

fasciculipes, Synanthedon, 31

fasciventris, Paranthrene, 23

fassliana, Hilarographa, 57

fatifera, Synanthedon, 31

fatma, Pyropteron, 35

Fatua, 23

palmii, 24

felderi, Anaudia, 42, 43

felderi, Anaudia, 43

Felderiola, 42

felis, Hemerophila, 56

fenestrata, Paranthrene, 23

fenusaeformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

fenusaeformis, Sesia, 36

feralis, Paranthrene, 23

feralis, Sciapteron, 23

ferdinandi, Synanthedon, 31

fergana [sic], Chamaesphecia, 36

ferganae, Chamaesphecia, 36

ferratella, Tortyra, 56

ferrugata, Alcathoe, 38

ferruginea, Osminia, 28

fervens, Pyropteron, 39

fervida, Paranthrene, 23

fervida, Sesia, 23

festai, Chamaesphecia, 36

festiva, Sesia, 41

festiva, Tipulamima, 41

fibrana [sic], Porpe, 52

Ficivora, 22

leucoteles, 22

filipjevi, Anthophila, 50

fitchi [sic], Conopia, 31

fitchii, Aegeria, 30

fixseni, Sphecia, 21

flammans, Homogyna, 43

flammans, Paranthrene, 23

flammans, Pyranthrene, 43

flammans, Sciapteron, 23

flammens, Sphinx, 31

flammeus [sic], Synanthedon, 31

flammipes, Macrotarsipus, 41

flammipes, Tipulamima, 41

flava, Aegeria, 31, 32

flava, Synanthedon, 31

flavescens, Atychia, 13

flavescens, Brachodes, 13

flavicaudata, Aegeria, 31

flavicaudata, Synanthedon, 31

flavicincta, Episannina, 41

flavicincta, Ichneumenoptera, 31

flavicincta, Synanthedon, 31

flavicincta, Zenodoxus, 22

flavicollis, Sesia, 28

flavicollis, Sphecodoptera, 28

flavida, Bembecia, 39

flavida, Sesia, 39

flavifrons, Paranthrene, 23

flavifrons, Tipulamima, 41

flavimaculata, Choreutis, 54

flavimaculata, Simaethis, 54

flavina, Pyropteron, 35

flavipalpis [sic], Ichneumenoptera, 31

flavipalpis, Lepidopoda, 31

flavipalpis, Synanthedon, 31

flavipalpus, Ichneumenoptera, 31

flavipalpus, Synanthedon, 31

flavipectus, Ichneumenoptera, 31

flavipectus, Synanthedon, 31

flavipectus, Synanthedon, 31

flavipes, Aegeria, 41

flavipes, Chamanthedon, 41

flavipes, Sesia, 21

flavitibia, Melittia, 28

flaviventris, Melittia, 26

flaviventris, Sesia, 31

flaviventris, Synanthedon, 31

flavizonata, Sophona, 22

flavoabdominalis, Chamaesphecia, 37

flavocastanea, Leptaegeria, 40

flavocingulata, Trochilium, 30

flavostigma, Synanthedon, 31

flavostrigata, Synanthedon, 31

floricola, Sesia, 36

floridensis, Pyrrhotaenia, 28, 33

florisantella [sic], Synanthedon, 38

florissantella, Sesia, 38

foeniformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

foeniformis, Sesia, 36

foenusaeformis, Sesia, 36

formicaeformis, Sphinx, 31

formicaeformis, Synanthedon, 31

formosana, Melittia, 26

formosana, Tortyra, 56

formosensis, Brenthia, 50

formosicola, Paranthrene, 23

formosus, Atychia, 13

formosus, Brachodes, 13

fortis, Bembecia, 39

fragariae, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

fraxini, Albuna, 25

fraxini, Carmenta, 24, 25

fraxini, Trochilium, 37

fredi, Chamaesphecia, 36

friesei, Chamaesphecia, 36

fulgens, Choregia, 56

fulgens, Tortyra, 56

fulgurita, Brachodes, 13

fulgurita, Chimaera, 13

fulminea, Choreutis, 54

fulminea, Simaethis, 54

fulva, Synanthedon, 31

fulvipes, Aegeria, 31

fulvipes, Chamanthedon, 41

fulvipes, Lepidopoda, 41

fulvipes, Synanthedon, 31

fulvistriga, Trichocerota, 22

fulviventris, Aegerosphecia, 42

fulvopyga, Sesia, 31

fulvopyga, Synanthedon, 31

fulvusororcula, Dipsosphecia, 39

fumosa, Sphecia, 28

fumosa, Synanthedon, 29

funebris, Brachodes, 13

funebris, Chimera [sic], 13

funebris, Melanosphecia, 44

funebris, Melittia, 44

funebris, Pyropteron, 35

funesta, Melittia, 26

fuscidorsis, Choreutis, 52

fuscidorsis, Tebenna, 52

gabuna, Sesia, 31

gabuna, Synanthedon, 31

gaderensis, Aegeria, 31

gaderensis, Synanthedon, 31

gaditana, Atychia, 13

Gaea, 25

arizonensis, 29

leucozona, 25

palmi [sic], 38

gallica, Sesia, 39

gallivorum, Trochilium, 33

galloisi, Conopia, 33

gamicopis, Brenthia, 50

gaudens, Aegeria, 41

gaudens, Chamanthedon, 41

gauridana, Rhobonda, 57

Gauris, 56

arcigera, 56

biferana, 56

bigerana, 56

canofusana, 56

cinctipes, 56

contrariana, 56

lacunaris, 56

pulsana, 56

tristis, 56

velatana, 56

gaurisana, Rhobonda, 57

gehleni, Sesia, 45

geliformis, Aegeria, 31

geliformis, Synanthedon, 31

gemmalis, Chalcoela, 52

gemmalis, Tebenna, 52

gephyra, Melittia, 26

geraropa, Melisophista, 44

germaini, Synanthedon, 31

gigantea, Melittia, 26

gigantipes, Megalosphecia, 43

giliae, Aegeria, 38

giliae, Carmenta, 38

glaucopiformis, Toosa, 45

gloriosa, Aegeria, 28

gloriosa, Melittia, 26

gloriosa, Sesia, 28

Glossecia, 21

Glossosphecia, 27

Glyphipteryx [sic], plenella, 44

glyptaeformis, Aegeria, 31

glyptaeformis, Synanthedon, 31

gnaphaliella, Choreutis, 52

gnaphaliella, Tebenna, 52

gnaphiella [sic], Choreutis, 52

Gora, 14

aequalis, 14

gracilis, Ichneumenoptera, 31

gracilis, Paranthrene, 23

gracilis, Sciapteron, 23

gracilis, Synanthedon, 31

gradella, Hemerophila, 56

graeca, Sciapteron, 32

graefi, Sciapteron, 30

graefii [sic], Sanninoidea, 30

grammodes, Litobrenthia, 49

grandidieri, Macrotarsipodes, 41

grandidieri, Tipulamima, 41

grandis, Melittia, 26

grandis, Melittia, 26

grandis, Trochilium, 26

gratiosa, Choreutis, 54

gratiosa, Simaethis, 54

gravesi, Sesia, 28

gravis, Aegeria, 21, 22

gravis, Paradoxecia, 22

Grotea, 37

longipes, 37

grotei, Paranthrene, 23

grotei, Pseudosesia, 23

gruneri, Bembecia, 39

grüneri [sic], Dipsosphecia, 39

gruneri, Sciapteron, 39

Grypopalpia, 43

iridescens, 43

Guaris [sic], 56

guatemalana [sic], Synanthedon, 31

guatemalena, Aegeria, 31

guatemalena, Synanthedon, 31

guineabia, Aegeria, 31

guineabia, Synanthedon, 31

guriensis, Chamaesphecia, 36

guriensis, Sesia, 36

guyanensis, Synanthedon, 31

Gymnosophistis, 43

thyrsodoxa, 43

gypsospora, Agriomelissa, 42

haberhaueri, Chamaesphecia, 36

haberhaueri, Sesia, 36

hadassa, Aegeria, 31

hadassa, Synanthedon, 31

hades, Aegeria, 31

hades, Synanthedon, 31

hadrogastra, Choreutis, 51

hadrogastra, Prochoreutis, 51

haematica, Synanthedon, 31

haematochrodes, Aschistophleps, 43

haematochrodes, Heterosphecia, 43

haematopis, Melittia, 26

haemorrhoidalis, Sesia, 31

haemorrhoidalis, Sphinx, 39

haemorrhoidalis, Synanthedon, 31

halictiformis, Sesia, 35

halictipennis, Sophona, 22

halimora, Anthophila, 50

halimora, Simaethis, 50

halmyris, Aegeria, 31

halmyris, Synanthedon, 31

hampsoni, Cryptomima, 41

hampsoni, Melittia, 26

hampsoni, Mimocrypta, 41

hampsoni, Synanthedon, 31

hannemanni, Bembecia, 39

harmandi, Paranthrenopsis, 22

Harmonia, 24

morrisoni, 24, 25

harmonica, Brenthia, 50

harti, Aegeria, 31

harti, Synanthedon, 31

haugi, Macrotarsipodes, 41

haugi, Tipulamima, 41

hecataea, Brenthia, 49

heckmanniae, Lenyra, 43

heckmanniae, Lenyrhova, 43

hector, Aegeria, 31

hector, Synanthedon, 31

heinrichi, Synanthedon, 31

hela, Aegeria, 31

hela, Synanthedon, 31

helena, Aegeria, 31

helena, Synanthedon, 31

helenis, Carmenta, 31

helenis, Synanthedon, 31

helianthi, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

heliaspis, Rhobonda, 57

heliaspis, Tortyra, 57

heliostoma, Chamanthedon, 41

Hemerophila, 56

albertiana, 56

arcigera, 56

biferana, 56

bigerana, 56

canofusana, 56

chorica, 56

cinctipes, 56

contrariana, 56

contubernalis, 56

diva, 56

dyari, 56

felis, 56

gradella, 56

houttuinialis, 56

immarginata, 56

laciniosella, 56

meratella, 56

milliaria, 56

musicosema, 56

ophiodesma, 56

orinympha, 56

rimulalis, 56

scenophora, 56

triacmias, 56

tristis, 56

velatana, 56

xutholopa, 56

Hemerophila, 53

alpinella, 50

chi, 53

houttuynialis, 56

huituinalis [sic], 56

isthmia, 56

montana, 54

topitis, 55

ussuriensis, 53

hemicamina, Callatolmis, 14

hemicamina, Sisyroctenis, 14

hemigymna, Synanthedon, 31

hemizonae [sic], Synanthedon, 29

hemizoniae, Aegeria, 29

hennei, Penstemonia, 38

henrici, Paranthrene, 23

henshawii, Aegeria, 33

heptachalca, Hoplophractis, 15

heptacosma, Brenthia, 50

Herbula multiferalis, 55

submarginalis, 55

hermione, Aegeria, 31

hermione, Synanthedon, 31

hermosa, Melittia, 26

herrichii, Sesia, 36

hervei, Melittia, 26

hestiarcha, Choreutis, 54

heterodesma, Paranthrene, 23

heterogyna, Lepidopoda, 40

Heterosphecia, 43

cruentata, 43

haematochrodes, 43

melissoides, 43

myticus, 43

heterozyga, Miscera, 14

heucherae, Zenodoxus, 22

hexaselena, Brenthia, 50

hilariformis, Aegeria, 41

hilariformis, Chamanthedon, 41

Hilarographa fassliana, 57

himmighoffeni, Bembecia, 39

himmighoffeni, Sesia, 39

hippolyte, Aegeria, 31

hippolyte, Synanthedon, 31

hirayamai, Paranthrene, 24

hirsuta, Euhagena, 38

hirtipes, Poderis, 27

hirudinicornis, Phycodes, 14, 15

hispides, Aegeria, 31

hispides, Synanthedon, 31

holachyrma, Choreutis, 54

holachyrma, Simaethis, 54

holodisca, Miscera, 14

holotoxa, Choreutis, 51

holotoxa, Prochoreutis, 51

hombergi, Rodolphia, 44

Homogyna, 43

albicincta, 43

alluaudi, 43

endopyra, 43

flammans, 43

ignivittata, 43

pyrophora, 43

sanguicosta, 43

spadicicorpus, 43

xanthophora, 43

homotona, Balataea, 14

homotona, Miscera, 14

homotropha, Lepidopoda, 40

homotypa, Asterivora, 53

homotypa, Choreutis, 53

hoplisiformis, Paranthrene, 22

hoplisiformis, Zenodoxus, 22

Hoplophractis, 15

heptachalca, 15

hospes, Trochilium, 33

houlberti, Melittia, 26

houqua [sic], Conopia, 31

houttuinalis [sic], Simaethis, 56

houttuinialis, Hemerophila, 56

houttuinialis, Phalaena (Pyralis), 56

houttuynialis, Hemerophila, 56

houttuynnialis, Botys, 56

Hovaesia, 43

donckieri, 43

howqua, Aegeria, 31

howqua, Synanthedon, 31

huituinalis [sic], Hemerophila, 56

humerosa, Melittia, 26

hungarica, Sesia, 37

huron, Vitacea, 24

hyalochrysa, Paranthrene, 23

hyaloptera, Hypomelittia, 42

hyaloxantha, Melittia, 26

hyalozona, Tortyra, 56

hyblaeella, Tegna, 14, 15

hylaeiformis, Pennisetia, 21

hylaeiformis, Sesia, 21

hyleiformis, Sesia, 21

hyligenes, Choreutis, 54

hyligenes, Simaethis, 54

hylotomiformis, Aegeria, 24, 25

hymenaea, Caloreas, 52

hymenaea, Choreutis, 52

Hymenoclea, 38

palmii, 38

Hymenophecia [sic], 43

hymenopteriformis, Bembecia, 39

hymenopteriformis, Sesia, 39

Hymenosphecia, 43

albomaculata, 43

Hypanthedon, 42

marisa, 42

Hypanthedon marisca [sic], 42

hyperici, Aegeria, 33

hypocalla, Simaethis, 50

hypocalla, Tipulamima, 41

hypochalcia, Synanthedon, 31

hypochroma, Chamanthedon, 41

hypocroca, Choreutis, 54

hypocroca, Eutromula, 54

Hypomelittia, 41

hyaloptera, 42

ialeura, Choreutis, 54

laleura, Simaethis, 54

Ichneumenoptera, 29

albiventris, 31

auripes, 29, 31

caeruleifascia, 29

caerulipes, 29

cyanescens, 30

dohertyi, 23

flavicincta, 31

flavipalpis [sic], 31

flavipalpus, 31

flavipectus, 31

gracilis, 31

ignifera, 31

xanthosoma, 34

xanthosome [sic], 34

ichneumoniformis, Sphinx, 33, 38, 39, 40

ichthyopa, Iridostoma, 57

icteropus, Sesia, 35, 36

Idiopogon, 43

uranopla, 43

Idiothauma, 57

idiotropha, Ceritrypetes, 37

ignicauda, Conopia, 31

ignicauda, Sura, 25

ignicauda, Synanthedon, 31

ignicauda, Trilochana, 25

ignicollis, Sesia, 28

ignicollis, Trochilium, 28

ignidiscata, Melittia, 27

ignifera, Ichneumenoptera, 31

ignifera, Synanthedon, 31

igniflua, Pennisetia, 21

igniflua, Sesia, 21

ignita, Choregia, 56

ignita, Tortyra, 56

ignivittata, Homogyna, 43

ili, Bembecia, 39

illustris, Sesia, 40

imitata, Aegeria, 38

immarginata, Hemerophila, 56

immutabilis, Choreutis, 52

immutabilis, Tebenna, 52

imperator, Melittia, 26

imperfecta, Aegeria, 30

impropria, Aegeria, 29

incanae, Zenodoxus, 22

incerta, Choreutis, 51

incerta, Prochoreutis, 51

incisalis, Asopia, 53, 54

inclemens, Thamnoscelis, 44

incognita, Aegeria, 28

indica, Melittia, 26, 27

indica, Melittia, 27

inexpectata, Pyropteron, 35

infandus, Atychia, 13

infandus, Brachodes, 13

infera, Lepidopoda, 40

infernalis, Chamaesphecia, 36

infirma, Aegeria, 38

inflatella, Brenthia, 51

inflatella, Prochoreutis, 51

infusca, Sesia, 39

infuscata, Sesia, 31

infuscata, Synanthedon, 31

inscriptana, Choreutis, 54

inscriptana, Simaethis, 54

insidiosa, Sesia, 31

insidiosa, Synanthedon, 31

insignis, Scoliomima, 44

insignis, Trilochana, 44

insolitus, Paranthrene, 23

inspirata, Choreutis, 52

inspirata, Tebenna, 52

inspoliata, Asterivora, 53

inspoliata, Simaethis, 53

insularis, Paranthrene, 23

insularis, Pseudosesia, 23

intensa, Euhagena, 25

intermedia [sic], Choreutis, 51

intermedia, Paranthrene, 24

intermedia, Pyropteron, 35

intermediana, Choreutis, 51

intermediana, Prochoreutis, 51

intervenata, Trichocerota, 22

inusitata, Aegeria, 32

inversa, Synanthedon, 30

iochondra, Asterivora, 53

iochondra, Simaethis, 53

iranica, Chamaesphecia, 36

Irianassa, 57

iridescens, Grypopalpia, 43

iridina, Paranthrene, 23

iridisquama, Melittia, 26

iridopa, Saptha, 55

iridopa, Tortyra, 55

Iridostoma, 57

ichthyopa, 57

irimochla, Choreutis, 54

irimochla, Simaethis, 54

iris, Synanthedon, 31

irradiala, Choreutis, 51

irradiata, Prochoreutis, 51

irridens, Choreutis, 54

irridens, Simaethis, 54

ischniformis, Aegeria, 31

ischniformis, Synanthedon, 31

Isocylindra, 43

melitosoma, 43

isomacha, Miscera, 14

isomacha, Sagalassa, 14

Isothamnis, 43

prisciformis, 43

isozona, Albuna, 25

isozona, Sesia, 25

isshikii, Choreutis, 52

isshikii, Tebenna, 52

issikii [sic], Tebenna, 52

issikii, Zenodoxus, 22

isthmia, Hemerophila, 56

ithacae, Carmenta, 38

ithacae, Sesia, 38

itriodes, Choreutis, 54

itriodes, Simaethis, 54

ivondro, Tipulamima, 41

jakuta, Bembecia, 39

jakuta, Sesia, 39

japona, Melittia, 27

japonica, Brenthia, 49

japonica, Choreutis, 54

japonica, Litobrenthia, 49

japonica, Simaethis, 54

javana, Melittia, 26

javana, Paranthrene, 23

javana, Synanthedon, 31

joannisi, Sesia, 39

jonaca, 14

compulsana, 14

cryptopyrrhella, 14

nephelospila, 14

olivacea, 14

joppiformis, Sesia, 35

josepha, Melittia, 27

jucunda, Sciapteron, 24

kabylaria, Synanthedon, 30

kalavrytana, Bembecia, 39

kalavrytana, Dipsosphecia, 39

kaszabi, Scalarignatha, 37

kathyae, Synanthedon, 31

kautzi, Chamaesphecia, 36

kawabei, Tebenna, 52

Kemneriella, 28

malaiseorum, 28

keredjella, Atychia, 13

keredjella, Brachodes, 13

khmer, Melittia, 27

kiiensis, Choreutis, 49

kochiensis, Simaethis, 53

koebelei, Aegeria, 33

korites, Alcathoe, 39

korites, Sannina, 38

koshantschikovi, Chamaesphecia, 36

kulluana, Melittia, 27

kuluana [sic], Melittia, 27

kungessana, Sciapteron, 24

laboissierei, Melittia, 26

laciniosella, Hemerophila, 56

lactibasis, Caloreas, 52

lactibasis, Porpe, 52

lacunaris, Gauris, 56

laeta, Aegeria, 31

laeta, Synanthedon, 31

laetus, Atychia, 13

laetus, Brachodes, 13

lagopus, Melittia, 27

lahayei, Chamaesphecia, 36

lahayei, Sesia, 36

lambornella, Tinthia, 22

lambornella, Trichocerota, 22

lamella, Cronicombra, 57

lamella, Porpe, 57

lampadias, Asterivora, 53

lampadias, Choreutis, 53

lampadura, Sura, 25

lampropoda, Aschistophleps, 43

lanipes [sic], Tarsopoda, 41

lanipes, Chamaesphecia, 36

lanipes, Sesia, 36

laniremis, Eumallopoda, 25, 27

laniremis, Melittia, 27

lanireniis [sic], Melittia, 27

laphriaeformis, Sphinx, 28

lapidaria, Choreutis, 52

lapidaria, Tebenna, 52

Larunda, 25

palmii, 22

solituda, 25

lascivalis, Choreutis, 57

lascivalis, Ozarba, 57

lasicera, Bembecia, 39

lasicera, Trochilium, 39

lasiocera, Similipepsis, 44

laspeyres, Sesia, 29

laticincta, Sesia, 31

laticincta, Synanthedon, 31

laticivora, Aegeria, 31

laticivora, Synanthedon, 31

laticraspedontis, Synanthedon, 31

latimargo, Aenigmina, 42

latimargo, Melittia, 27

lecerfi, Chamaesphecia, 36

lecerfi, Chamaespechia, 39

lecerfi, Paranthrene, 23

le cerfi, Sesia, 36

lecerfi, Sesia, 36

lecerfi, Synanthedon, 31

ledereri, Chamaesphecia, 34

leechi, Simaethis [sic], 57

leechi, Simaethistis, 57

leiaeformis, Aegeria, 22

leiaeformis, Trichocerota, 22

le moulti, Myrmecosphecia, 22

lemoulti, Myrmecosphecia, 22

le moulti, Synanthedon, 31

lemoulti, Synanthedon, 31

lemur, Chamaesphecia, 36

lentistriata, Melittia, 27

Lenyra, 43

ashtaroth, 43

simonyi, 43

Lenyra heckmanniae, 43

tonkiniana, 43

Lenyrhova, 43

heckmanniae, 43

Lepidopoda, 40

andrepiclera, 40

heterogyna, 40

homotropha, 40

infera, 40

lutescens, 40

pictipes, 40

sylphina, 40

sylvestralis, 40

tenuimarginata, 40

xanthopimplaeformis, 40

Lepidopoda albifrons, 41

andrepictera [sic], 40

andrepictura, 40

auripes, 31

flavipalpis, 31

fulvipes, 41

obliquizona, 44

xanthogyna, 38

Leptaegeria, 40

axiomnemoneuta, 40

cillutincariensis, 40

costalimai, 40

flavocastanea, 40

schreiteri, 40

leptilonella, Choreutis, 52

leptilonella, Tebenna, 52

Leptocimbicina, 23

aurivena, 23

leptocosma, Brenthia, 50

leptomorpha, Aegeria, 31

leptomorpha, Synanthedon, 31

leptosceles, Synanthedon, 31

lethaea, Choreutis, 54

lethaea, Simaethis, 54

leucaspis, Aethria, 45

leucaspis, Sphinx, 45

leucatoma, Brenthia, 50

leucobasis, Caloreas, 52

leucobasis, Choreutis, 52

leucocera, Chamanthedon, 41

leucocera, Paranthrene, 23

leucocnemis, Chamaesphecia, 36

leucocyanea, Synanthedon, 31

leucogaster, Conopia, 31

leucogaster, Melittia, 27

leucogaster, Synanthedon, 31

leucomelaena, Chamaesphecia, 36

leucomelaena, Sesia, 36

leucoparea, Chamaesphecia, 36

leucoparea, Sesia, 36

leucophiformis [sic], Sphinx, 36

leucopis, Miscera, 14

leucopleura, Chamanthedon, 41

leucopsiformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

leucopsiformis, Sesia, 36

loucopsiformis, Sphinx, 34, 36

leucopsis [sic], Chamaesphecia, 45

leucopyga, Alcathoe, 38

leucospidiformis [sic], Sesia, 34, 36

leucoteles, Ficivora, 22

leucozona, Euhagena, 25

leucozona, Gaea, 25

leucozonipus, Crinipus, 41

Leuthneria, 43

ruficincta, 43

libanota, Saptha, 55

libanota, Tortyra, 55

lilloi, Euhagena, 25

limata, Nigilgia, 15

limonias, Choreutis, 54

limonias, Simaethis, 54

limpida, Paranthrene, 23

lindseyi, Melittia, 26

linozona, Trichocerota, 22

lioscelis, Macrotarsipus, 43

lithocrossa, Brenthia, 50

Litobrenthia, 49

grammodes, 49

japonica, 49

stephanephora, 49

lodimana, Paranthrene, 23

lodimana, Sciapteron, 23

loewii, Chamaesphecia, 36

loewii, Sesia, 36

logistis, Brenthia, 50

lomatiaeformis, Bembecia, 39

lomatiaeformis, Sesia, 39

longipes, Alonina, 42

longipes, Cicinnoscelis, 42

longipes, Grotea, 37

longipes, Macroscelesia, 43

longipes, Melittia, 43

longipes, Sesia, 28, 32

longipes, Synanthedon, 32

Lophoceps, 42

abdominalis, 42

alenicola, 42

cyaniris, 42

quinquepuncta, 42

tetrazona, 42

Lophoceps quinquepunctata [sic], 42

Lophocnema, 21

eusphyra, 21

loranthi, Aegeria, 32

loranthi, Synanthedon, 32

louisa, Melittia, 27

louisae, Dipsosphecia, 37

loxotenes, Caloreas, 52

loxotenes, Porpe, 52

lucasi, Synanthedon, 30

lucasseni, Choregia, 15

lucida, Atychia, 13

lucida, Paranthrena [sic], 22

luctuosa, Sesia, 32

luctuosa, Synanthedon, 32

ludifica, Choreutis, 54

ludifica, Simaethis, 54

luggeri, Trochilium, 24

lugubris, Sesia, 40

lugubris, Synanthedon, 30

luminifera, Brenthia, 50

luminosa, Sannina, 30

lupini, Aegeria, 29

luridana, Amphisa, 54

lustrans, Trochilium, 38

lutescens, Choreutis, 54

lutescens, Lepidopoda, 40

lutescens, Simaethis, 54

luticornis, Dipsosphecia, 39

lutosa, Anthophila, 54

Lycomorpha coleoptrata, 14

lygaeopa, Choreutis, 54

lygaeopa, Simaethis, 54

Lygronoma, 57

sporimaea, 57

lygropis, Miscera, 14

lytea, Sincara, 25

macropa, Anthophila, 55

Macropia, 53

macropus, Xenoses, 44

macropyga, Sesia, 32

macropyga, Synanthedon, 32

Macroscelesia, 43

longipes, 43

macrospila, Saptha, 56

macrospila, Tortyra, 56

Macrotarsipes [sic], 43

Macrotarsipodes, 41

grandidieri, 41

haugi, 41

tricincta, 41

tricinctus, 41

waterloti, 41

Macrotarsipus, 43

africana, 43

albipunctus, 43

lioscelis, 43

microthyris, 43

Macrotarsipus albipunctatus [sic], 43

flammipes, 41

sexualis, 41

maculata, Phycodes, 15

maculiferum, Trochilium, 28

maculipes, Zenodoxus, 22

maculiventris, Synanthedon, 32

madariae, Aegeria, 29

madureae, Melittia, 27

maeonia, Sincara, 25

maghrebica, Pyropteron, 35

magnifica, Melittia, 27

major, Pyropteron, 37

malachitis, Brenthia, 50

malacozona, Tortyra, 56

malaiseorum, Kemneriella, 28

Malgassesia, 42

ankaratralis, 42

pauliani, 42

rufescens, 42

seyrigi, 42

malimba, Sesia, 41

malimba, Tipulamima, 41

mamertina, Sesia, 40

mandana, Pyropteron, 35

mandarina, Sphecia, 28

manilia, Sincara, 25

mannii, Chamaesphecia, 36

mannii, Sesia, 36

manoba, Sincara, 25

marangana, Melittia, 27

marcia [sic], Sesia, 33

marcia, Tarsopoda, 28

mardia, Aegeria, 32

mardia, Synanthedon, 32

margaritosa, Pyropteron, 39

margiana, Chamaesphecia, 36

marginata, Pennisetia, 21

marginata, Trochilium, 21

marica, Sesia, 33

mariona, Carmenta, 38

mariona, Sesia, 38

marisa, Aegeria, 42

marisa, Hypanthedon, 42

marisca [sic], Hypanthedon, 42

marmarea, Asterivora, 53

marmarea, Simaethis, 53

maroccana, Synanthedon, 30

martenii, Synanthedon, 32

martjanovi, Synanthedon, 32

masariformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

masariformis, Sesia, 32, 36

masariformis, Setia [sic], 32

maurusia, Chamaesphecia, 36

meadii, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

medians, Cotaena, 44

mediterranea, Atychia, 13

meeci, Paranthrene, 23

meeki, Melittia, 26

meeki, Paranthrene, 23

meeki, Sciapteron, 23

Megalosphecia, 43

callosoma, 43

gigantipes, 43

Megalosphecia obscura, 43

megillaeformis, Bembecia, 39

megillaeformis, Sphinx, 39

melanifera, Choreutis, 52

melanina, Pyropteron, 35

melanocephala, Sesia, 28

melanocera, Conopia, 38

melanochalcia, Episannina, 25

melanochalcia, Sura, 25

melanoformis, Aegeria, 28

melanopepla, Choreutis, 54

melanopepla, Simaethis, 54

melanophleps, Chamaesphecia, 35

melanoptera, Chamanthedon, 41

Melanosphecia, 43

atra, 43

auricollis, 44

dohertyi, 44

funebris, 44

Melanosphecia bouvieri, 44

melanostoma, Sphecosesia, 44

melanoxantha [sic], Pyropteron, 39

melanoxanthia, Pyropteron, 39

Melanoxena, 56

falsissima, 56

melasomon, Sciapteron, 40

melini, Alcathoe, 38

melini, Synanthedon, 31

Melisophista, 44

geraropa, 44

melissoides, Aschistophleps, 43

melissoides, Heterosphecia, 43

Melitha [sic], 25

melitosoma, Isocylindra, 43

Melitta [sic], 25

Melittia, 25

abyssiniensis, 26

acosmetes, 26

aethiopica, 26

amblyphaea, 26

amboinensis, 26

arcangelii, 26

astarte, 26

aureosquamata, 26

auriplumia, 26

aurociliata, 26

azrael, 26

batchiana, 26

bergii, 26

binghami, 26

bombiliformis, 26

boulleti, 26

brabanti, 26

brevicornis, 26

butleri, 26

calabaza, 26

callosoma, 26

chalconota, 26

chalybescens, 26

chimana, 26

chrysobapta, 26

chrysogaster, 26

combusta, 26

congruens, 26

cucurbitae, 26

cyaneifera, 26

dangeloi, 27

dichroipus, 26

distincta, 26

dolens, 26

ectothyris, 26

elaea, 26

endoxantha, 26

erythrina, 26

eurytion, 26

flaviventris, 26

formosana, 26

funesta, 26

gephyra, 26

gigantea, 26

gloriosa, 26

grandis, 26

haematopis, 26

hampsoni, 26

hervei, 26

hyaloxantha, 26

imperator, 26

indica, 26, 27

iridisquama, 26

japona, 27

josepha, 27

khmer, 27

kulluana, 27

lagopus, 27

laniremis, 27

latimargo, 27

lentistriata, 27

leucogaster, 27

louisa, 27

madureae, 27

magnifica, 27

marangana, 27

moluccaensis, 27

natalensis, 27

nepcha, 27

newara, 27

nigra, 27

notabilis, 27

oberthueri, 27

oedipus, 27

pauper, 27

pellecta, 27

phorcus, 27

pomponia, 27

powelli, 27

proxima, 27

pulchripes, 27

pyropis, 27

riograndensis, 27

rufescens, 27

rufodorsa, 27

rugia, 27

rutilipes, 27

sangaica, 27

scoliiformis, 27

siamica, 27

smithi, 27

snowii, 27

staudingeri, 27

sulphureopyga, 27

superba, 27

tabanus, 27

tayuyana, 27

tibialis, 27

tigripes, 26

umbrosa, 27

ursipes, 27

usambara, 27

victrix, 27

volatilis, 27

xanthodes, 27

xanthogaster, 27

xanthopus, 27

Melittia aenescens, 27

ambigua, 24

amoena, 26

andraeniformis [sic], 42

andraenipennis, 42

anthedoniformis, 25, 26

arcangeli [sic], 26

arrecta, 26

asiatica, 26

auricollis, 44

auristrigata, 44

azraël [sic], 26

barnesi, 26

beckeri, 26

bombyliformis, 26

bombylipennis, 26

burmana, 26

celebica, 26

chmer, 27

chrysescens, 27

congoana, 26

cyanifera [sic], 26

d'angeloi, 27

doddi, 26

dorsatiformis, 26

eurytion, 27

fasciata, 42

flavitibia, 28

funebris, 44

grandis, 26

hermosa, 26

houlberti, 26

humerosa, 26

ignidiscata, 27

indica, 27

javana, 26

kuluana [sic], 27

laboissierei, 26

lanireniis [sic], 27

lindseyi, 26

longipes, 43

meeki, 26

microfenestrata, 26

mysolica, 42

nepeha [sic], 27

obtrthüri, 27

occidentalis, 27

oedipoides, 27

oedippus [sic], 27

productalis, 23

proserpina, 26

reducta, 27

satyriformis [sic], 26

satyriniformis, 26

strigipennis, 26

sumatrana, 26

superba, 26

thaumasia, 26

thoracalis, 27

viridisquama [sic], 26

Melittina, 26

nigra, 26, 27

melli, Aegeria, 32

melli, Synanthedon, 32

melliniformis, Sesia, 34

mellinipennis, Sesia, 32

mellinipennis, Synanthedon, 32

melodica, Brenthia, 50

melophaga, Choreutis, 54

melophaga, Simaethis, 54

Memythrus, 22

perlucida, 24

meratella, Hemerophila, 56

mercatrix, Aegeria, 32

mercatrix, Synanthedon, 32

meriaeformis, Sesia, 35, 40

meriiformis [sic], Sesia, 34

merothyris [sic], Paranthrene, 23

mesatma, Tinthia, 21

mesiaeformis, Sesia, 32

mesiaeformis, Synanthedon, 32

mesiiformis [sic], Sesia, 32

mesochoriformis, Aegeria, 32

mesochoriformis, Synanthedon, 32

mesochrysa, Alychia, 14

mesochrysa, Miscera, 14

mesolyma, Choreutis, 54

mesolyma, Eutromula, 54

mesopotamica, Phycodes, 15

mesopotamicus, Atychia, 13

mesopotamicus, Brachodes, 13

mesostenos, Aegerina, 40

mesothyris, Paranthrene, 23

metachryseis, Aschistophleps, 43

metachrysis [sic], Aschistophleps, 43

metallescens, Conopyga, 43

metallica, Choreutis, 54

metallica, Paranthrene, 23

metallica, Sagalassa, 14

metallica, Sciapteron, 23

metallica, Simaethis, 54

Metasphecia, 42

vuilleti, 42

metaspilus, Atychia, 13

metaspilus, Brachodes, 13

metaxantha, Paranthrene, 23

metazonata, Thyranthrene, 44

methyalina, Micrecia, 42

mexicanus, Zenodoxus, 22

micalis, Choreutis, 52

micalis, Tebenna, 52

micra, Chamaesphecia, 36

micrastra, Miscera, 14

Micrecia, 42

methyalina, 42

Microaethia, 49

amphicarpeoeana, 49, 50

microfenestrata, Melittia, 26

microlitha, Asterivora, 53

microlitha, Simaethis, 53

Microsphecia, 22

suisharyonis, 22

tineiformis, 22

Microsynanthedon, 42

ambrensis, 42

microthyris, Macrotarsipus, 43

microthyris, Paranthrene, 24

Mictocommosis, 57

nigromaculata, 57

Mictopsichia, 57

milliaria, Hemerophila, 56

milliaria, Simaethis, 56

Milliera [sic], 51

Milliereia, 51

Millieria, 51

dolosana, 51

Millieroa [sic], 51

Mimocrypta, 41

hampsoni, 41

mimuli, Aegeria, 38

mimuli, Carmenta, 38

mimus, Synanthedon, 32

miniacea, Sesia, 35, 36

minianiformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

minianiformis, Sesia, 36

minima, Chamaesphecia, 36

minimum, Trochilium, 28

ministra, Asterivora, 53

ministra, Simaethis, 53

minor, Phycodes, 15

minor, Sesia, 36

minorata, Sesia, 34

minuta, Carmenta, 28

minuta, Choreutis, 54

minuta, Eutromula, 54

minuta, Paranthrene, 24

minuta, Pramila, 24

minutulus, Atychia, 13

minutulus, Brachodes, 13

miranda, Dipsosphecia, 40

mirza, Chamaesphecia, 36

Miscera, 14

ambigua, 14

ampla, 14

androgyna, 14

basichrysa, 14

centropus, 14

conspersa, 14

desmotoma, 14

diabolus, 14

episcota, 14

eubrachycera, 14

heterozyga, 14

holodisca, 14

homotona, 14

isomacha, 14

leucopis, 14

lygropis, 14

mesochrysa, 14

micrastra, 14

omichleutis, 14

orthaula, 14

pammelas, 14

platysema, 14

poecilota, 14

resumptana, 14

triphaenoides, 14

Miscera desmotona [sic], 14

mochlophanes, Phycodes, 15

modesta, Aegeria, 32, 33

modesta, Albuna, 33

modesta, Episannina, 41

modtsla, Sylphidia, 41

modesta, Synanthedon, 32

modica, Chamaesphecia, 36

moiwana, Simaethis, 53

moluccaensis, Melittia, 27

molybdoceps, Algeria, 28

molybdoceps, Sesia, 28

monedulaeformis, Sesia, 35

monedulaeformis, Synanthedon, 29

moniligera, Brenthia, 50

moniligera, Choreutis, 50

monogama, Aegeria, 32

monogama, Synanthedon, 32

monognoma, Choreutis, 51

monognoma, Prochoreutis, 51

monolychna, Brenthia, 50

Monopetalotaxis, 42

candescens, 42

chalciphora, 42

doleriformis, 42

pyrocraspis, 42

sinensis, 42

Monopetalotaxis wahlbergi, 42

monotonus, Atychia, 13

monotonus, Brachodes, 13

monozona, Aegeria, 32

monozona, Synanthedon, 32

monspeliensis, Chamaesphecia, 36

monspeliensis, Sesia, 36

montana, Albuna, 25

montana, Choreutis, 54

montana, Hemerophila, 54

montandoni, Chamaesphecia, 36

montelli, Aegeria, 28

montelli, Choreuthis [sic], 51

montelli, Prochoreutis, 51

montelli, Sesia, 28

montis, Bembecia, 39

montis, Sesia, 39

moorei, Arauzona, 44

moorei, Synanthedon, 32

moreaui, Chamaesphecia, 36

moreaui, Sesia, 36

mormoni, Euhagena, 25

morosa, Chamaesphecia, 36

morosa, Phycodes, 15

morrisoni, Harmonia, 24, 25

morrisonii [sic], Albuna, 25

morula, Aegeria, 38

moupinicola, Synanthedon, 32

müllerana [sic], Choreutis, 51

multiferalis, Herbula, 55

multimarginata, Caloreas, 52

multimarginata, Choreutis, 52

muscaeformis, Bembecia, 39

muscaeformis, Sphinx, 37, 39

muscinaeformis, Aegeria, 34

mushana, Conopia, 32

mushana, Synanthedon, 32

musicosema, Hemerophilia, 56

musicosema, Simaethis, 56

mutilata, Chamaesphecia, 36

mutilata, Sesia, 36

mutillaeformis, Sesia, 32

mydaides, Synanthedon, 32

Myelois cassandrella, 13

myllerala [sic], Choreutis, 51

myllerana, Prochoreutis, 51

myllerana, Pyralis, 51, 58

myllerans [sic], Choreutis, 51

mylleri, Anthophila, 51

myopaeformis [sic], Conopia, 32

myopiformis, Sphinx, 32

myopiformis, Synanthedon, 32

Myrmecosphecia, 22

lemoulti, 22

Myrmecosphecia le moulti, 22

myrmekomorpha, Paranthrenina, 24

myrmosaeformis, Paranthrena [sic], 22

myrmosaeformis, Zenodoxus, 22

myrmosaepennis, Aegeria, 32

myrmosaepennis, Synanthedon, 32

myrmosiformis, Sesia, 22

Myrsila, 44

auripennis, 44

myrsinites, Chamaesphecia, 36

mysiniformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

mysiniformis, Sesia, 35, 36

mysolica, Aegerosphecia, 42

mysolica, Melittia, 42

myticus, Heterosphecia, 43

nana, Atychia, 13

nana, Brachodes, 13

nana, Chimaera, 13

“nana,” Paranthrena [sic], 24

“nana,” Paranthrene, 24

nanetta, Atychia, 13

nanetta, Brachodes, 13

nannion, Synanthedon, 32

natalensis, Melittia, 27

nautica, Aegeria, 32

nautica, Synanthedon, 32

nazir, Dipsosphecia, 39

nebraskae, Euhagena, 25

neglecta, Aegeria, 29

nemorana, Choreutis, 54

nemorana, Tortrix, 53, 54

nemoranalis, Asopia, 54

Neosphecia, 26

combusta, 26

Neotinthia, 22

semihyalina, 22

neotropica, Synanthedon, 32

nepcha, Melittia, 27

nepeha [sic], Melittia, 27

nephelosema, Brenthia, 50

nephelospila, Jonaca, 14

nephelospila, Sagalassa, 14

newara, Melittia, 27

Nexosa, 57

nicotianae, Aegeria, 30

nigella, Sesia, 38

Nigilgia, 15

adjectella, 15

limata, 15

seyrigella, 15

toulgoetella, 15

Nigilgia toulgoëtella, 15

Nigilica [sic], 15

nigra, Carmenta, 38

nigra, Melittia, 27

nigra, Melittina, 27

nigralba, Oligophlebia, 42

nigriceps, Tipulamima, 41

nigricornis, Dipsosphecia, 40

nigrifrons, Sesia, 32

nigrifrons, Synanthedon, 32

nigripes, Sesia, 39

nigrobarbata, Chamaesphecia, 36

nigromaculata, Mictocommosis, 57

nigromaculata, Simaethis, 57

nihonica [sic], Conopia, 33

ninae, Bembecia, 39

ninae, Dipsosphecia, 39

Ninia, 45

niphocrypta, Choreutis, 54

niphocrypta, Simaethis, 54

niphonica, Synanthedon, 33

nivescens, Asterivora, 53

nivescens, Simaethis, 53

nobilis, Aegeria, 25

nobilis, Badera, 55

nobilis, Euhagena, 25

noblei, Paranthrene, 24

noblei, Sciapteron, 24

Noctua chimaera, 14

Nokono, 23

nolotoxa [sic], Choreutis, 51

nomadaeformis, Sesia, 30, 31

nomadaepennis, Sesia, 25

norma, Dipsosphecia, 39

notabilis, Melittia, 27

novarae, Choreutis, 54

novaroensis, Aegeria, 32

novaroensis, Synanthedon, 32

nuba, Sesia, 32

nuba, Synanthedon, 32

nyanga, Sesia, 32

nyanga, Synanthedon, 32

Nyctaegeria, 44

rohani, 44

nycleropis, Atychia, 13

nycteropis, Brachodes, 13

obarata, Choreutis, 54

obarata, Simaethis, 54

oberthueri, Aegeria, 28

oberthueri, Albuna, 25

oberthueri, Callisphecia, 41

oberthueri, Callithia, 28

oberthueri, Melittia, 27

oberthueri, Paranthrene, 24

oberthueri, Phlogothauma, 25

oberthueri, Sesia, 28

oberthueri, Trilochana, 44

oberthüri, Aegeria, 28

oberthüri, Callisphecia, 41

oberthüri, Callithia, 28

oberthüri, Dipsosphecia, 39

oberthüri, Melittia, 27

oberthüri, Paranthrene, 24

oberthüri, Phlogothauma, 25

oberthüri, Trilochana, 44

obliquizona, Lepidopoda, 44

obliquizona, Thyranthrene, 44

obraztsovi, Chamaesphecia, 36

obscura, Megalosphecia, 43

obscura, Zenodoxus, 22

obturata, Sesia, 38

occidentalis, Melittia, 27

occidentalis, Sesia, 37

occidentella, Caloreas, 52

occidentella, Choreutis, 52

ocellata, Brenthia, 50

ochracea, Aegeria, 41

ochracea, Chamanthedon, 41

ochracea, Tinaegeria, 44

ochripalpis, Brenthia, 56

ochripalpis, Zodia, 56

ochroplaca, Euthorybeta, 14

octogemmifera, Brenthia, 50

octogemmifera, Choreutis, 50

ocularis, Brenthia, 50

ocularis, Choreutis, 50

odda, Carmenta, 38

odyneriformis, Sesia, 36, 40

odyneripennis, Aegeria, 21

oedipoides, Melittia, 27

oedippus [sic], Melittia, 27

oedipus, Melittia, 27

oestriformis, Sphinx, 28, 34

ogalala, Carmenta, 38

ohiensis, Choreutis, 53

ohioensis [sic], Choreutis, 53

oleariae, Asterivora, 53

olenda, Sesia, 32

olenda, Synanthedon, 32

Oligophlebia, 42

amalleuta, 42

cristata, 42

nigralba, 42

subapicalis, 42

Oligophlebiella, 44

polishana, 44

olivacea, Jonaca, 14

omichleutis, Miscera, 14

ommatiaeformis, Sphecia, 32

ommatiaeformis, Synanthedon, 32

omnimicans, Phycodes, 15

omphala, Aegeria, 45

omphala, Cosmosoma, 45

omphale [sic], Synanthedon, 45

onustana, Simaethis, 53

onustana, Tebenna, 53

opalescens, Aegeria, 30

opalescens, Paranthrene, 24

opalimargo, Sesia, 41

opalimargo, Tipulamima, 41

opalizans, Conopia, 32

opalizans, Synanthedon, 32

ophiodesma, Hemerophila, 56

ophiodesma, Simaethis, 56

ophioniformis, Sphinx, 40

ophiosema, Choreutis, 54

ophiosema, Simaethis, 54

opiiformis, Aegeria, 32

opiiformis, Synanthedon, 32

optica, Choreutis, 54

optica, Simaethis, 54

orbonota, Chimaera, 13

Orchemia, 53

betuliperda, 53

oreina, Anthophila, 50

orientalis, Atychia, 13

orientalis, Brachodes, 13

orientalis, Synanthedon, 32

orinympha, Hemerophila, 56

orinympha, Simaethis, 56

ornaticornis, Choreutis, 54

ornaticomis, Simaethis, 54

orophila, Sphecia, 28

orphnophanes, Tortyra, 56

ortalidiformis, Sesia, 34

ortaliformis [sic], Chamaesphecia, 34

orthaula, Miscera, 14

orthocarpi, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

orthochorda, Sagalassa, 14

orthogona, Choreutis, 54

orthogona, Simaethis, 54

oryssiformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

oryssiformis, Sesia, 36

oslari, Paranthrene, 24

osmiaeformis, Chamaesphecia, 36

osmiaeformis, Sesia, 36

Osminia, 28

ferruginea, 28

ruficornis, 28

ovinia, Aegeria, 40

ovinia, Aegerina, 40

oxibeliformis, Sesia, 33

oxyacanthae, Anthophila, 50

oxyacanthana, Tortrix, 50

oxyacanthella, Phalaena (Tinea), 50

oxybeliformis, Sesia, 34

Ozarba, 57

lascivalis, 57

pacifica, Sannina, 30

pacificum, Trochilium, 28

palaeocosma, Rhobonda, 57

palaeocosma, Tortyra, 57

Palamernis, 13

canonitis, 13

palariformis, Bembecia, 39

palariformis, Sesia, 39

palescens, Paranthrene, 24

pallene, Aegeria, 38

pallene, Carmenta, 38

pallipes, Pyropteron, 37

palmi [sic], Gaea, 38

Palmia, 37

praecedens, 37

palmiana, Paranthrene, 22

palmii, Fatua, 24

palmii, Hymenoclea, 38

palmii, Larunda, 22

palmii, Sesia, 38

palmii, Zenodoxus, 22

palpina, Sesia, 40

palustris, Chamaesphecia, 36

pammelas, Miscera, 14

pampoecila, Brenthia, 50

panisciformis, Aegeria, 32

panisciformis, Synanthedon, 32

panorpaeformis, Paranthrene, 24

panorpaeformis, Sesia, 24

Pansa, 25

aurociliata, 26

panurgiformis, Aegeria, 32

panurgiformis, Synanthedon, 32

panyasis, Aegeria, 38

paradelpha, Saptha, 56

paradelpha, Tortyra, 56

Paradoxecia, 21

croconeura, 22

gravis, 22

pieli, 22

Paranthrena [sic], 22

lucida, 22

myrmosaeformis, 22

“nana,” 24

Paranthrene, 22

affinis, 23

africana, 23

albifrons, 23

anthrax, 23

asilipennis, 23

atkinsoni, 23

aurantiaca, 23

auricollis, 23

aurifera, 23

aurivena, 23

bicincta, 23

caeruleimicans, 23

cambodialis, 23

canarensis, 23

chalcochlora, 23

charlesi, 23

chinensis, 23

chrysochloris, 23

chrysoidea, 23

cupreivitta, 23

cuprescens, 23

cyanogama, 23

cyanopis, 23

davidi, 23

dohertyi, 23

dollii, 23

dybowskii, 23

fenestrata, 23

feralis, 23

fervida, 23

flammans, 23

flavifrons, 23

formosicola, 23

gracilis, 23

grotei, 23

henrici, 23

heterodesma, 23

hyalochrysa, 23

insolitus, 23

insularis, 23

iridina, 23

javana, 23

lecerfi, 23

leucocera, 23

limpida, 23

lodimana, 23

meeki, 23

mesothyris, 23

metallica, 23

metaxantha, 23

microthyris, 24

minuta, 24

“nana,” 24

noblei, 24

oberthueri, 24

opalescens, 24

panorpaeformis, 24

pellucida, 24

pentazonata, 24

pernix, 24

pilamicola, 24

poecilocephala, 24

polonica, 24

pompilus, 24

powondrae, 24

propyria, 24

pulchripennis, 24

purpurea, 24

pythes, 24

rangoonensis, 24

regalis, 24

robiniae, 24

rufifinis, 24

sanguipennis, 24

scintillans, 24

semidiaphana, 24

sesiiformis, 24

sikkima, 24

silvai, 24

simulans, 24

tabaniformis, 24

thalassina, 24

tristis, 24

trizonata, 24

xanthopyga, 24

xanthosoma, 24

zoneiventris, 24

zygophora, 24

Paranthrene admirantus [sic], 24

andamana, 24

annulifera, 24

atcinsoni, 23

aurantiarum [sic], 24

carulifera, 24

celebica, 24

cingulata, 22

croconeura, 22

daisensis, 23

diaphana, 24

fasciventris, 23

hirayamai, 24

hoplisiformis, 22

intermedia, 24

meeci, 23

merothyris [sic], 23

oberthüri, 24

oslari, 24

palescens, 24

palmiana, 22

pepsidiformis, 30

pernix, 22

ruficollaris, 21

sangaica, 34

siccima, 24

tricincta, 24

tricinclas [sic], 24

yezonica, 23

zonaventris [sic], 24

zoniota, 25

Paranthrenella, 23

Paranthrenina, 24

myrmekomorpha, 24

Paranthrenopsis, 22

editha, 22

pogoniae, 22

Paranthrenopsis harmandi, 22

paranympha, Brenthia, 50

Parasa, 25

aureosquamata, 25, 26

Parasesia, 41

cristallina, 41

Parharmonia, 24

piceae, 32

parialis, Asopia, 54

pariana, Choreutis, 54

pariana, Phalaena, 53, 54

pariava [sic], Xylopoda, 55

parietariae, Simaethis, 50

parina [sic], Anthophila, 55

parthica, Bembecia, 39

parthica, Sesia, 39

parva, Choreutis, 55

parva, Simaethis, 55

pauliani, Malgassesia, 42

pauper, Melittia, 27

pauper, Sylpkidia, 32

pauper, Synanthedon, 32

paupera [sic], Conopia, 32

pavonacella, Brenthia, 49, 50

pavonicella [sic], Brenthia, 50

pechi, Chamaesphecia, 36

pechi, Sesia, 36

pectinata, Pennisetia, 21

pectinala, Sesia, 21

Pedalonina, 44

semimarginata, 44

pedunculata, Sphecosesia, 44

pelargodes, Choreutis, 55

pelargodes, Simaethis, 55

pelinobasis, Caloreas, 52

pelinobasis, Porpe, 52

pellecta, Melittia, 27

pellucida, Paranthrene, 24

peltastiformis, Aegeria, 32

peltastiformis, Synanthedon, 32

peltata, Aegeria, 32

peltata, Synanthedon, 32

penitis, Phycodcs, 15

Pennisetia, 21

bohemica, 21

contracta, 21

eucheripennis, 21

eusphyra, 21

hylaeiformis, 21

igniflua, 21

marginata, 21

pectinata, 21

Pennisetia anomala, 21

pensilis, Aegeria, 32

pensilis, Synanthedon, 32

Penstemonia, 38

clarkei, 38

dammersi, 38

edwardsii, 38

hennei, 38

Penstemonia brevifolia, 38

pentacyba, Choreutis, 57

pentazona, Sesia, 32

pentazona, Synanthedon, 32

pentazonata, Paranthrene, 24

penthetria, Chamaesphecia, 36

Peotyle, 51

atmodesma, 51

batangensis, 51

pepsidiformis, Paranthrene, 30

pepsiformis, Sesia, 36

pepsioides, Alcathoe, 38

periploca, Choreutis, 55

periploca, Simaethis, 55

perlucida, Episannina, 41

perlucida, Memythrus, 24

perlucida, Sylphidia, 41

pernivalis, Choreutis, 51

pernivalis, Prochoreutis, 51

pernix, Bembecia, 24

pernix, Paranthrene, 24

pernix, Paranthrene, 22

perplexa, Aegeria, 29

persica, Apis, 30

persicae [sic], Conopia, 31

peruviana, Aegeria, 30

peruviana, Sanninoidea, 30, 32

peruviana, Synanthedon, 32

phaedrostoma, Trilochana, 44

phaeniformis [sic], Chamaesphecia, 36

Phalaena pariana, 53, 54

siphana, 56

urticana, 50, 51

Phalaena (Pyralis) houttuinialis, 56

Phalaena (Tinea) oxyacanthella, 50

Phalaena (Tortrix) albertiana, 56

cardui, 52

fabriciana, 50

phalaraspis, Choreutis, 51

phalaraspis, Prochoreutis, 51

phasiaeformis, Aegeria, 32

phasiaeformis, Synanthedon, 32

Phemonoe, 37

philanthiformis, Chamaesphecia, 37

philanthiformis, Sesia, 35, 37, 40

philonyma, Choreutis, 52

philonyma, Prochoreutis, 52

Phlogothauma, 23

oberthueri, 25

oberthüri, 25

scintillans, 23, 24

Phoenicia, Sura, 25

phoeniformis, Sesia, 36

phoenix, Pyropteron, 37

phoradendri, Carmenta, 38

phorcus, Melittia, 27

phorcus, Trochilium, 27

Phycodes, 14

albitogata, 14

chalcocrossa, 14

chionardis, 14

eucallynta, 15

maculata, 15

minor, 15

mochlophanes, 15

morosa, 15

omnimicans, 15

penitis, 15

pseliota, 15

punctata, 15

radiaia, 15

substriata, 15

taonopa, 15

tertiana, 15

tortricina, 15

venerea, 15

Phycodes cymineuta, 15

hirudinicornis, 14, 15

meospotamica, 15

superbella, 15

xanthoprocta, 14

phyllis, Sincara, 25

piceae, Parharmonia, 32

pictipes, Aegeria, 32

pictipes, Lepidopoda, 40

pictipes, Synanthedon, 32

pieli, Paradoxecia, 22

piepersiana, Choreutis, 55

piepersiana, Simaethis, 55

pilamicola, Paranthréne, 24

pilaria, Simaethis, 54

pileae, Brenthia, 50

pimplaeformis, Sesia, 27, 28

pingi [sic], Sesia, 30

pini, Aegeria, 32

pini, Synanthedon, 32

pinorum, Aegeria, 33

piperella, Choreutis, 53

piperella, Tebenna, 53

pipiziformis, Aegeria, 32

pipiziformis, Synanthedon, 32

pistarcha, Aegeria, 32

pistarcha, Synanthedon, 32

pitheis [sic], Synanthedon, 32

pittheis, Aegeria, 32

pittheis, Synanthedon, 32

plagiophleps, Synanthedon, 32

platysema, Miscera, 14

platysema, Sagalassa, 14

platyuriformis, Aegeria, 32

platyuriformis, Synanthedon, 32

pleciaeformis, Aegeria, 21

plectisciformis, Aegeria, 32

plectisciformis, Synanthedon, 32

plectodes, Choreutis, 55

plectodes, Simaethis, 55

pleiadopa, Brenthia, 50

plenella, Cotaena, 44

plenella, Glyphipteryx [sic], 44

plumbealis, Choreutis, 55

plumbealis, Simaethis, 55

plumipes, Aegeria, 40

plumipes, Euryphrissa, 40

plumipes. Sphinx, 45

plutana, Simaethis, 56

pluto, Chamaesphecia, 37

plutusana, Simaethis, 56

plutusana, Zodia, 56

Poderis, 25

hirtipes, 27

Podosesia, 37

aureocincta, 37

surodes, 37

syringae, 37

Podosesia comes, 38

poecilocephala, Paranthrene, 24

poecilota, Miscera, 14

poecilota, Sagalassa, 14

pogonias, Entrichella, 22

pogonias, Paranthrenopsis, 22

polaris, Synanthedon, 32

polishana, Oligophlebiella, 44

polistiformis, Aegeria, 24

polistiformis, Sesia, 39

polistiformis, Vitacea, 24

polonica, Paranthrene, 24

polycincta, Synanthedon, 34

polygoni, Pyrrhotaenia, 32

polygoni, Synanthedon, 32

Polyphlebia, 14

buprestoides, 14

Polyphlebia atychioides, 14

polyzona, Bembecia, 39

polyzana, Dipsosphecia, 39

pompiliformis, Sesia, 36

pompilus, Paranthrene, 24

pomponia, Melittia, 27

ponticum, Sciapteron, 23

porizoniformis, Aegeria, 33

proizoniformis, Synanthedon, 33

Porpe, 52

charmonica, 52

clemensella, 51

enantia, 52

fibrana, 52

lactibasis, 52

lamella, 57

loxotenes, 52

pelinobasis, 52

venusta, 52

porphyratma, Choreutis, 55

porphyratma, Simaethis, 55

postcristata, Ceratocorema, 21

postcristata, Tinthia, 21

potentillae, Zenodoxus, 22

powelli, Atychia, 13

powelli, Bembecia, 39

powelli, Chamaesphecia, 37

powelli, Dipsosphecia, 39

powelli, Melittia, 27

powondrae, Paranthrene, 24

praecedens, Palmia, 37

praecedens, Sciapteron, 37

praestans, Aegeria, 32

Pramila, 23

atkinsoni, 23

minuta, 24

prasochalca, Saptha, 56

prasochalca, Tortyra, 56

praxila, Tirista, 25

Premelittia, 25

rufescens, 25, 27

pretiosa, Badera, 56

pretiosa, Saptha, 56

pretiosana, Tebenna, 53

pretiosana, Xylopoda, 53

prisciformis, Isothamnis, 43

prisciformis, Thamnoscelis, 43

Proaegeria, 44

vouauxi, 44

Procerata, 13

soldana [sic], 13

Prochoreutis, 51, 58

alpina, 51

argyrastra, 51

argyrota, 51

arisema, 51

atrox, 51

brunescens, 51

calliclisa, 51

chionocosma, 51

clemensella, 51

delicata, 51

drosodoxa, 51

dyarella, 51

extrincicella, 51

hadrogastra, 51

holotoxa, 51

incerta, 51

inflatella, 51

intermediana, 51

irradiata, 51

monognoma, 51

montelli, 51

myllerana, 51

pernivalis, 51

phalaraspis, 51

philonyma, 52

radians, 52

sachalinensis, 52

sehestediana, 52

sibirica, 52

solaris, 52

sororculella, 52

stellaris, 52

talyshensis, 52

ultimana, 52

ussurica; 52

prodigella, Badera, 55

prodigella, Tortyra, 55

products, Aegeria, 33

producta, Synanthedon, 33

productalis, Melittia, 23

pronubana, Saptha, 56

pronubana, Simaethis, 56

propyria, Paranthrene, 24

proserpina, Aegeria, 33

proserpina, Melittia, 26

proserpina, Synanthedon, 33

prosopiformis, Sesia, 35, 37

prosopis, Aegeria, 38

prosopis, Carmenta, 38

proximo, Aegeria, 33

proxima, Melittia, 27

proxima, Synanthedon, 33

proxima, Trichocerota, 22

proxima, Zenodoxus, 22

proximata, Chamaesphecia, 37

proximata, Sesia, 37

pryeri, Sura, 25

przewalskii, Sesia, 28

przewalskii, Trochilium, 28

pseliota, Phycodes, 15

Pseudalcathoe, 41

aspetura, 41

chatanayi, 41

Pseudalcathoë, 41

chatanayi, 41

pseudoinsignis, Scoliomima, 44

Pseudomelittia, 42

andraenipennis, 42

berlandi, 42

cingulata, 42

Pseudosecia [sic], 23

Pseudosesia, 23

grotei, 23

insularis, 23

Pseudosetia [sic], 23

psilachyra, Choreutis, 55

psilachyra, Simaethis, 55

pterotarsa, Uranothyris, 44

pudorina, Chamaesphecia, 37

pudorina, Sesia, 37

puera, Callisphecia, 41

pugnax, Sesia, 28

pugnax, Trochilium, 28

puigi, Sesia, 30

pulchra, Sylphidia, 41

pulchripennis, Aegeria, 33

pulchripennis, Paranthrene, 24

pulchripennis, Sannina, 24

pulchripennis, Synanthedon, 33

pulchripes, Melittia, 27

pulsana, Gauris, 56

pumila, Brachodes, 13

pumila, Chimaera, 13

punctata, Phycodes, 15

punctosa, Anthophila, 52

punctuosa [sic], Choreutis, 52

purpurea, Paranthrene, 24

pusilla, Atychia, 13

pusilla, Chimaera, 13

pychnomochla, Choreutis, 53

pychnomochla, Tebenna, 53

pygmaea, Chamaesphecia, 37

pygmaea, Pyropteron, 37

pyralidiformis, Aegeria, 37, 38

pyralidiformis, Carmenta, 38

Pyralis bierkandrana, 52

myllerana, 51, 58

saldonana, 13

sehestediana, 52

sehestedtiana [sic], 52

vahliana, 13

pyramidalis, Aegeria, 24, 25

pyramidalis, Albuna, 25

Pyranthrene, 43

flammans, 43

pyrethra, Sciapteron, 33

pyrethra, Synanthedon, 33

pyri, Aegeria, 33

pyri, Synanthedon, 33

pyrocera, Sura, 25

pyrocraspis, Monopetalotaxis, 42

pyrocraspis, Sciapteron, 42

pyrodisca, Aegeria, 33

pyrodisca, Synanthedon, 33

pyrophora, Homogyna, 43

pyropis, Melittia, 27

Pyropteron, 39

aicha, 37

andalusica, 35

androchroma, 35

anthracias, 39

auresiana, 35

balkis, 39

bellieri, 35

biedermanni, 39

castiliana, 39

chimena, 35

chlorotica, 39

chretieni, 35

chrysomelaena, 39

fatma, 35

fervens, 39

flavina, 35

funebris, 35

inexpectata, 35

intermedia, 35

maghrebica, 35

major, 37

mandana, 35

margaritosa, 39

melanina, 35

melanoxantha [sic], 39

melanoxanthia, 39

pallipes, 37

phoenix, 37

pygmaea, 37

sicula, 39

subceriaeformis, 35

tingitana, 35

tristis, 35

xanthia, 35

Pyropterum, 39

pyrosema, Synanthedon, 33

pyrosoma, Sesia, 33

pyrosoma, Tipulamima, 41

pyrostoma, Aegeria, 33

pyrostoma, Synanthedon, 33

pyrrhoclista, Choreutis, 55

pyrrhoclista, Simaethis, 55

Pyrrhotaenia, 28

achillae, 32

animosa, 32

behrensii, 32

coccinea, 28

coloradensis, 25

elda, 32

eremocarpi, 32

floridensis, 28, 33

fragariae, 32

helianthi, 32

meadii, 32

orthocarpi, 32

polygoni, 32

subaerea, 38

tepperi, 29

texana, 38

wittfeldii, 38

pythes, Aegeria, 24

pythes, Paranthrene, 24

quadriannullata, Synanthedon, 34

quadriannullata-rufimarginata, Synanthedon, 34

quadriflorella [sic], Brenthia, 50

quadriforella, Brenthia, 50

quaerula [sic], Atychia, 14

querci, Aegeria, 38

querci, Carmenta, 38

quercis [sic], Aegeria, 38

quercus, Sesia, 33, 38

quercus, Synanthedon, 33

quercus [sic], Synanthedon, 38

querula, Atychia, 14

quincyella, Anthophila, 55

quincyella, Choreutis, 55

quinquecaudata, Aegeria, 37

quinquecincta, Chamanthedon, 41

quinquecincta, Sesia, 41

quinquepuncta, Lophoceps, 42

quinquepunctata [sic], Lophoceps, 42

quiris, Atychia, 14

quiris, Brachodes, 14

radians, Choreutis, 52

radians, Prochoreutis, 52

radians, Trichocerota, 22

radiata, Phycodes, 14, 15

radiatus, Atychia, 14

radiatus, Brachodes, 14

radiolatus, Atychia, 14

radiolatus, Brachodes, 14

ramburi, Chamaesphecia, 37

ramburi, Sesia, 37

Ramosia, 29

wallowa, 30

rangoonensis, Aegeria, 24

rangoonensis, Paranthrene, 24

rasa, Atychia, 14

rasata, Atychia, 14

Rectala, 21

asyliformis, 21

reducta, Melittia, 26

refulgens, Aegeria, 33

refulgens, Synanthedon, 33

regale, Sciapteron, 23

regalis, Paranthrene, 24

regalis, Sciapteron, 24

regula, Chamaesphecia, 37

regula, Sesia, 37

regularis, Choreutis, 55

regularis, Simaethis, 55

remipes, Tarsopoda, 41

repanda, Sesia, 28

repanda, Sphecia 27, 28

resplendens, Albuna, 33

resplendens, Synanthedon, 33

resumptana, Miscera, 14

rhagensis, Atychia, 14

rhagensis, Brachodes, 14

rhagioniformis, Sphinx, 40

rhingiaeformis, Sphinx, 24

Rhipidura, 41

aurora, 41

Rhipidurina, 41

aurora, 41

Rhipismia, 51

Rhobonda, 56

gaurisana, 56, 57

heliaspis, 57

palaeocosma, 57

Rhobonda gauridana, 57

rhodani, Aegeria, 28

rhodia, Aegeria, 33

rhodia, Synanthedon, 33

rhodochlaena, Tortyra, 56

rhododendri, Sesia, 33

rhododendri, Synanthedon, 33

rhodothictis, Sesia, 33

rhodothictis, Synanthedon, 33

rhynchiformis [sic], Alonina, 42

rhynchiiformis, Alonina, 42

rhynchioides, Sesia, 28

rhynchioides, Sphecia, 28

rhypaeformis [sic], Aegeria, 33

rhyssaeformis, Aegeria, 33

rhyssaeformis, Synanthedon, 33

richardsi, Conopia, 33

richardsi, Synanthedon, 33

rileyana, Albuna, 33

rileyana, Synanthedon, 33

rimulalis, Hemerophila, 56

rimulalis, Simaethis, 56

riograndensis, Melittia, 27

Ripismia, 51

robiniae, Paranthrene, 24

robiniae, Sciapteron, 24

robusta, Sagalassa, 14

Rodolphia, 44

hombergi, 44

rohani, Nyctaegeria, 44

romani, Synanthedon, 33

romanovi, Bembecia, 39

romanovi, Dipsosphecia, 39

romanovi, Sesia, 28

romanovi, Sphecia, 28

romanowi [sic], Sesia, 28

rondonana [sic], Chamaesphecia, 37

rondouana, Chamaesphecia, 37

rondoui, Bembecia, 39

rondoui, Sesia, 39

roseiventris, Bembecia, 39

roseiventris, Dipsosphecia, 39

rothschildi, Bembecia, 39

rothschildi, Dipsosphecia, 39

rubefacta, Dipsosphecia, 39

rubens, Zenodoxus, 22

rubescens, Sesia, 25

rubi, Aegeria, 21

rubofascia [sic], Aegeria, 33

rubrescens, Dipsosphecia, 39

rubricincta, Carmenta, 38

rubricincta, Sesia, 38

rubriformis, Sesia, 37

rubripalpis, Aegeria, 33

rubripalpis, Synanthedon, 33

rubripes, Sesia, 33

rubripes, Synanthedon, 33

rubripicta, Synanthedon, 33

rubristigma, Aegeria, 30

rubrofascia, Aegeria, 33

rubrofascia, Synanthedon, 33

Rudolfia [sic], 44

rufa, Aegeria, 33

rufa, Synanthedon, 33

rufescens, Malgassesia, 42

rufescens, Melittia, 27

rufescens, Premelittia, 25, 27

rufibasalis, Sesia, 33

ruflbasalis, Synanthedon, 33

ruficauda, Aegeria, 25

ruficauda, Sura, 25

ruficaudis, Aegeria, 33

ruficaudis, Synanthedon, 33

ruficincta, Eublepharis, 43

ruflcincta, Leuthneria, 43

ruficincta, Trichocerota, 22

ruficollaris, Paranthrene, 21

ruficollaris, Tinthia, 21

ruficornis, Carmenta, 28

ruficornis, Osminia, 28

ruficrista, Aegeria, 43

ruficrista, Aschistophleps, 43

rufifinis, Paranthrene, 24

rufifinis, Sannina, 24

rufimarginata, Trochilium, 34

rufithorax, Epitarsipus, 42

rufitibia, Sura, 25

rufodorsa, Melittia, 27

rugia, Melittia, 27

rutilans, Albuna, 29

rutilella, Simaethis, 56

rutilella, Zodia, 56

rutilipes, Melittia, 27

rygchiformis [sic], Alonina, 42

rygchiiformis, Alonina, 42

sachalinensis, Choreutis, 52

sachalinensis, Prochoreutis, 52

Sagalassa, 14

aequalis, 14

cryptopyrrhella, 14

metallica, 14

nephelospila, 14

orthochorda, 14

robusta, 14

valida, 14

Sagalassa ambigua, 14

ampla, 14

basichrysa, 14

conspersa, 14

eubrachycera, 14

isomacha, 14

platysema, 14

poecilota, 14

salaconia, Brenthia, 50

saldonana, Pyratis, 13

salinata, Brenthia, 50

sallustiformis [sic], Synanthedon, 33

salmachus, Sphinx, 34

sanborni, Carmenta, 38

sandaracina, Choreutis, 55

sandaracina, Simaethis, 55

sangaica, Aegeria, 28

sangaica, Melittia, 27

sangaica, Paranthrene, 34

sangaica, Sesia, 28

sanguicosta, Homogyna, 43

sanguinolenta, Sesia, 40

sanguipennis, Paranthrene, 24

Sannina, 37

uroceriformis, 37

Sannina cambodialis, 23

korites, 38

luminosa, 30

pacifica, 30

pulchripennis, 24

rufifinis, 24

verrugo, 38

Sanninoidea, 29

barnesii, 30

edwardsii, 30

graefii [sic], 30

peruviana, 30, 32

santanna, Aegeria, 33

santanna, Synanthedon, 33

Saphtha [sic], 55

elegans, 55

sapindella, Brenthia, 50

sapporensis, Choreutis, 55

sapporensis, Simaethis, 55

Saptha, 55

aeolodoxa, 55

angustistriata, 55

beryllitis, 55

chrysoprastis, 55

cypridia, 55

divitiosa, 55

elegans, 55

exanthista, 55

iridopa, 55

libanota, 55

macrospila, 56

paradelpha, 56

prasochalca, 56

pretiosa, 56

pronubana, 56

smaragditis, 56

sybaritis, 56

tabularia, 56

sapygaeformis, Aegeria, 28, 33

sapygaeformis, Synanthedon, 33

Sara [sic], 25

sardoa, Sesia, 34

sareptana, Bembecia, 39

sareptana, Dipsosphecia, 39

satyriformis [sic], Melittia, 26

satyriniformis, Melittia, 26

Saunina [sic], 37

uroceripennis, 37

saxifragae, Aegeria, 33

saxifragae, Synanthedon, 33

Scabisa, 29

taikanensis, 29, 34

Scalarignathia, 37

kaszabi, 37

scarabitis, Sesia, 33

scarabitis, Synanthedon, 33

scenophora, Hemerophila, 56

scenophora, Simaethis, 56

scepsiformis, Sciapteron, 24

scepsiformis, Vitacea, 24

schausiella, Caloreas, 52

schausiella, Choreutis, 52

schiroceriformis [sic], Sesia, 37

schizoceriformis, Sesia, 37

schmidtellaeformis, Sesia, 37

schmidti, Chamaesphecia, 37

schmidtii, Sesia, 35, 37

schmidtiiformis, Chamaesphecia, 37

schmidtiiformis, Sesia, 37

schreiteri, Leptaegeria, 40

schwarzi, Aegeria, 33

schwarzi, Synanthedon, 33

schwingenschussi, Bembecia, 40

schwingenschussi, Dipsosphecia, 40

Sciapteron, 23

admiranda, 24

aurantiaca, 23

caeruleimicans, 23

castaneum, 23

chinensis, 23

cupreivitta, 23

cupressi, 24

dispar, 39

dollii, 23

feralis, 23

flammans, 23

gracilis, 23

graeca, 32

graefi, 30

gruneri, 39

jucunda, 24

kungessana, 24

lodimana, 23

meeki, 23

melasomon, 40

metallica, 23

noblei, 24

ponticum, 23

praecedens, 37

pyrethra, 33

pyrocraspis, 42

regale, 23

regalis, 23, 24

robiniae, 24

scepsiformis, 24

seminole, 24

sikkima, 24

splendida, 40

stiziforme, 40

subfervidum, 23

tenuimarginata, 40

terribile, 25

terrible [sic], 25

transcaucasicum, 23

trizonata, 24

xanthosoma, 24

xanthozonata, 34

Sciapterum, 23

scintilimana [sic], Choreutes [sic], 51

scintillana, Simaethis, 56

scintillana, Zodia, 56

scintillans, Paranthrene, 24

scintillans, Phlogothauma, 23, 24

scintillulalis [sic], Choreutis, 51

scintillulana [sic], Choreutes [sic], 51

scintilulalis, Choreutes [sic], 51

scintilulana, Choreutis, 51

scintilutana [sic], Choreutes [sic], 51

sciophilaeformis, Aegeria, 33

sciophilaeformis, Synanthedon, 33

Sciopterum [sic], 23

scitula, Aegeria, 33

scitula, Synanthedon, 33

scoliaeformis, Sphinx, 33

scoliaeformis, Synanthedon, 33

scoliiformis, Melittia, 27

scoliiformis [sic], Sesia, 33

scolioides, Trilochana, 44

Scoliomima, 44

insignis, 44

pseudoinsignis, 44

scopigera, Bembecia, 40

scopigera, Sphinx, 38, 39, 40

scribai, Sesia, 28

scribai, Sphecia, 28

scythropa, Synanthedon, 33

sefid, Chamaesphecia, 35

sehestediana, Prochoreutis, 52

sehestediana, Pyralis, 52

sehestedtiana [sic], Pyralis, 52

seitzi, Chamaesphecia, 37

seitzi, Sesia, 37

sellustiformis, Aegeria, 33

sellustiformis, Synanthedon, 33

semicincta, Choreutis, 55

semicincta, Simaethis, 55

semidiaphana, Paranthrene, 24

semihyalina, Neotinthia, 22

semimarginata, Pedalonina, 44

seminole, Sciapteron, 24

seminole, Sesia, 33

semipraestans, Sesia, 32

semirufa, Austrosetia, 28, 33

semirufa, Synanthedon

semitrista, Synanthedon, 33

seneciodes, Aegeria, 32

senecioides [sic], Sesia, 32

senilis, Bembecia, 40

senilis, Sesia, 40

senta, Aegeria, 33

senta, Synanthedon, 33

sequoiae, Bembecia, 29, 33

sequoiae, Synanthedon, 33

serica, Sesia, 33

serica, Synanthedon, 33

serratiformis, Sesia, 24

Sesia, 27

agathiformis, 28

albanensis, 28

apiformis, 28

asamaensis, 28

bembeciformis, 28

contaminata, 28

corcyrensis, 28

dasypodiformis, 28

flavicollis, 28

gloriosa, 28

gravesi, 28

ignicollis, 28

melanocephala, 28

molybdoceps, 28

montelli, 28

oberthueri, 28

pimplaeformis, 27, 28

przewalskii, 28

pugnax, 28

repanda, 28

rhynchioides, 28

romanovi, 28

sangaica, 28

scribai, 28

shugnana, 28

tibialis, 28

timur, 28

yezoensis, 28

Sesia aerifrons, 34

affinis, 34

africana, 43

agdistiformis, 37

agnes, 36

albiventris, 29, 34

albanica, 29

albicalcarata, 29

albotarsata, 35

algeriensis, 39

allantiformis, 36

almana, 34

alyoniformis [sic], 34

alysaeformis, 36

alysoniformis, 34

amasina, 33

americana, 30

andraeniformis, 29

andrenaeformis, 29

andreniformis [sic], 29

anellata [sic], 34

angarodes, 29

anisozona, 29

annellata, 34

anthraciformis, 34

anthracipennis, 38

arctica, 29

arizonae, 38

armeniaca, 35

armoricana, 40

asellana [sic], 34

aselliformis, 22

asilipennis, 23, 24

astatiformis, 37

astragali, 29

athaliaeformis, 40

aureopurpurea [sic], 38

aurifera, 35

aurivilii [sic], 32

aurivillii, 32

auronitens, 41

azonos, 35

bibionipennis, 29

bicingulata, 29, 34

bohatschi, 39

bollii [sic], 38

braconiformis, 35

brillians, 40

brunneri, 32

castaneae, 29

caucasica, 35

ceiformis, 39

cephiformis, 29

cerceriformis, 39

ceriaeformis, 34, 35

ceriiformis [sic], 34

chalciformis, 26

chalcocnemis, 39

chrysidiformis, 36

chrysidipennis, 30

chrysophanes, 38

codeti, 30

colpiformis, 35

corsica, 35

crabroniformis, 24, 40

cretica, 30

cruentata, 30

cubana, 30

deserta, 30

destituta, 36

dioctriiformis, 39

doleriformis, 35

donckieri, 43

doryceraeformis, 35

doryliformis, 35

ducellieri, 39

duplex, 30

elampiformis, 35

elegans, 32

emphytiformis, 33

erythrostigma, 35

euceraeformis, 35, 36

euglossaeformis, 35

eumeniformis, 36

expleta, 35

fallax, 37

fenusaeformis, 36

fervida, 23

festiva, 41

flavida, 39

flavipes, 21

flaviventris, 31

floricola, 36

florissantella, 38

foeniformis, 36

foenusaeformis, 36

fulvopyga, 31

gabuna, 31

gallica, 39

gehleni, 45

guriensis, 36

haberhaueri, 36

haemorrhoidalis, 31

halictiformis, 35

herrichii, 36

himmighoffeni, 39

hungarica, 37

hylaeiformis, 21

hyleiformis [sic], 21

hymenopteriformis, 39

icteropus, 35, 36

igniflua, 21

illustris, 40

infusca, 39

infuscata, 31

insidiosa, 31

isozona, 25

ithacae, 38

jakuta, 39

joannisi, 39

joppiformis, 35

lahayei, 36

lanipes, 36

laspeyres, 29

laticincta, 31

le cerfi, 36

lecerfi, 36

leucomelaena, 36

leucoparea, 36

leucopsiformis, 36

leucospidiformis [sic], 34, 36

loewii, 36

lomatiaeformis, 39

longipes, 28, 32

luctuosa, 32

lugubris, 40

macropyga, 32

malimba, 41

mamertina, 40

mannii, 36

marcia [sic], 33

marica, 33

mariona, 38

masariformis, 32, 36

melliniformis, 34

mellinipennis, 32

meriaeformis, 35, 40

meriiformis [sic], 34

mesiaeformis, 32

mesiiformis [sic], 32

miniacea, 35, 36

minianiformis, 36

minor, 36

minorata, 34

monedulaeformis, 35

monspeliensis, 36

montis, 39

moreaui, 36

mutilata, 36

mutillaeformis, 32

myrmosiformis, 22

mysiniformis, 35

nigella, 38

nigrifrons, 32

nigripes, 39

nomadaeformis, 30, 31

nomadaepennis, 25

nuba, 32

nyanga, 32

obturala, 38

occidentalis, 37

odyneriformis, 36, 40

olenda, 32

opalimargo, 41

ortalidiformis, 34

oryssiformis, 36

osmiaeformis, 36

oxibeliformis, 33, 34

palariformis, 39

palmii, 38

palpina, 40

panorpaeformis, 24

parthica, 39

pechi, 36

pectinata, 21

pentazona, 32

pepsiformis, 36

philanthiformis, 35, 37, 40

phoeniformis, 36

pingi [sic], 30

polistiformis, 39

pompiliformis, 36

prosopiformis, 35, 37

proximata, 37

pudorina, 37

puigi, 30

pyrosoma, 33

quercus, 33, 38

quinquecincta, 41

ramburi, 37

regula, 37

rhododendri, 33

rhodothictis, 33

romanowi [sic], 28

rondoui, 39

rubescens, 25

rubricincta, 38

rubriformis, 37

rubripes, 33

rufibasalis, 33

sanguinolenta, 40

sardoa, 34

scarabitis, 33

schiroceriformis [sic], 37

schizoceriformis, 37

schmidtellaeformis, 37

schmidtii, 35, 37

schmidtiiformis, 37

scoliiformis [sic], 33

seminole, 33

semipraestans, 32

senecioides [sic], 32

seitzi, 37

senilis, 40

serica, 33

serratiformis, 24

setodiformis, 33

sigmoidea, 33

sirphiformis, 39

spuleri, 33

statuiformis, 40

staudingeri, 37

stelidiformis, 36

stiziformis, 40

stomoxyformis [sic], 33

suprema, 37

surinamensis, 33

synagriformis, 24

tacoma, 30

taediiformis, 37

talischensis, 34

tancrei, 40

tengyraeformis, 36, 40

teriolensis, 35

teroliensis [sic], 35

theobromae, 34

therevaeformis, 36

thynniformis, 30

thyreiformis, 37

triannuliformis, 40

tristis, 40

trivittata, 34

tropica, 41

tucumana, 34

turanica, 39

typhiiformis [sic], 34

umbrifera, 37

unicincta, 32, 36

unicolor, 35

uniformis, 31, 42

uralensis, 34

uroceriformis, 40

utahensis, 38

velox, 34

venatensis, 35

vespipennis, 23, 24

vidua, 40

votaria, 34

wagneri, 34

xanthia, 35

xanthonympha, 34

xanthopyga, 34

xanthosticta, 34

xiphiaeformis, 30

zelleri, 36

zimmermanni, 37

sesia, Sphinx, 34

sesiiformis, Paranthrene, 24

Sesiomorpha, 15

abnormis, 15

sessilis, Simaethis, 55

Setia [sic], 27

dioctriaeformis, 30

masariformis, 32

Setiostoma albipes, 57

setodiformis, Sesia, 33

setodiformis, Synanthedon, 33

sevenari, Chamaesphecia, 37

sexfasciata, Aegeria, 38

sexfasciella, Choreutidia, 53, 55

sexfasciella, Choreutis, 55

sexfassiella [sic], Eutromula, 55

sexstriata, Trichobaptes, 44

sexualis, Macrotarsipus, 41

sexualis, Tipulamima, 41

seyrigella, Nigilgia, 15

seyrigi, Chamaesphecia, 37

seyrigi, Malgassesia, 42

seyrigi, Tipulamima, 41

shakojianus, Zenodoxus, 22

shugnana, Sesia, 28

shugnana, Sphecia, 28

Siamethis [sic], 50

siamica, Melittia, 27

sibirica, Choreuthis [sic], 52

sibirica, Prochoreutis, 52

siccima, Paranthrene, 24

sicula, Pyropteron, 39

sidae, Zenodoxus, 22

sidalceae, Zenodoxus, 22

sigmoidea, Sesia, 33

sigmoidea, Synanthedon, 33

Signaphora, 28

sikkima, Paranthrene, 24

sikkima, Sciapteron, 24

silphiella, Choreutes [sic], 53

silphiella, Tebenna, 53

silvai, Paranthrene, 24

Simaethis, 50

abstitella, 53

a-caeruleum [sic], 54

achyrodes, 53

a-coeruleum, 54

aegyptiaca, 53

aeternalis [sic], 50

albifascialis, 53

albifasciata, 53

albimaculana, 49

albipes, 57

amatana, 49

amethystodes, 53

analoga, 53

anthorma, 53

antichlora, 53

antigrapha, 53

argoxantha, 53

atrosignata, 53

augustana [sic], 51

aurofasciana, 56

barbigera, 53

basalis, 53

bjerkandrana, 52

brachymorpha, 50

buthusalis, 49

chalcotoxa, 53

chatuidea, 53

chelaspis, 53

chionodesma, 53

collapsa, 54

colpota, 53

combinatana, 53

confluxana, 49

contubernalis, 56

cothurnata, 54

cyanotoxa, 54

depulsana, 49

dichlora, 54

diplogramma, 54

dryodora, 54

elatella, 50

emplecta, 54

entechna, 54

equatoris, 54

euclista, 54

eumetra, 54

excusana, 50

exocha, 53

exocka [sic], 53

falsifica, 54

fasciata, 53

flavimaculata, 54

fulminea, 54

gratiosa, 54

halimora, 50

holachyrma, 54

houttuinalis [sic], 56

hyligenes, 54

hypocalla, 50

ialeura, 54

inscriptana, 54

inspoliata, 53

iochondra, 53

irimochla, 54

irridens, 54

itriodes, 54

japonica, 54

kochiensis, 53

leechi, 57

lethaea, 54

limonias, 54

ludifica, 54

lutescens, 54

lygaeopa, 54

marmarea, 53

melanopepla, 54

melophaga, 54

metallica, 54

microlitha, 53

milliaria, 56

ministra, 53

moiwana, 53

musicosema, 56

nigromaculata, 57

niphocrypta, 54

nivescens, 53

obarata, 54

onustana, 53

ophiodesma, 56

ophiosema, 54

optica, 54

orinympha, 56

ornaticornis, 54

orthogona, 54

parietariae, 50

parva, 55

pelargodes, 55

periploca, 55

piepersiana, 55

pilaria, 54

plectodes, 55

plumbealis, 55

plutana, 56

plutusana, 56

porphyratma, 55

pronubana, 56

psilachyra, 55

pyrrhoclista, 55

regularis, 55

rimulalis, 56

rutilella, 56

sandaracina, 55

sapporensis, 55

scenophora, 56

scintillana, 56

semicincta, 55

sessilis, 55

stereocrossa, 55

strepsidesma, 55

sycopola, 55

symbolaea, 53

taprobanes, 55

threnodes, 55

tigroides, 55

tillyardi, 53

tomicodes, 55

torridula, 55

triacmias, 56

tricyanitis, 55

tristis, 53

trogalia, 55

turilega, 55

urbana, 53

uriicana |sic|, 50

vicarialis, 53, 54

vicarilis [sic], 54

xanthogramma, 55

yakushimensis, 55

zomeuta, 53

Simaethis chalybea, 57

Simaethistis, 57

leechi, 57

Simaetis [sic], 50

Simethis [sic], 50

similata, Burlacena, 15

Similipepsis, 44

aurea, 44

lasiocera, 44

typica, 44

violaceus, 44

Simoethis [sic], 50

simois, Aegeria 33

simois, Synanthedon, 33

simonyi, Lenyra, 43

simplex, Choreutis, 55

simulans, Paranthrene, 24

simulons, Trochilium, 24

Sincara, 25

alopecura, 25

cambyses, 25

confusa, 25

crassicornis, 25

eumeniformis, 25

lytea, 25

maeonia, 25

manilia, 25

manoba, 25

phyllis, 25

sinensis, Monopetalotaxis, 42

sinensis, Sphecia, 28

sinensis, Toleria, 28

siphana, Phalaena, 56

sireciformis, Sphinx, 28

sirphiformis, Bembecia, 39, 40

sirphiformis, Sesia, 39, 40

Sisyroctenis, 14

hemicamina, 14

slossonia, Tortyra, 56

slossonia, Walsinghamia, 56

smaragdina, Trilochana, 44

smaragditis, Saptha, 56

smithi, Melittia, 27

snowii, Melittia, 27

sodalis, Synanthedon, 33

solaris, Choreutis, 52

solaris, Prochoreutis, 52

solituda, Larunda, 25

soldana |sic], Procerata, 13

Sometia [sic], 27

sophax, Aegeria, 41

sophax, Tipulamima, 41

Sophona, 22

flavizonata, 22

halictipennis, 22

Soronia, 21

cuprealis, 21

soror, Adixoa, 42

sororculella, Choreutis, 52

sororculella, Prochoreutis, 52

Sospita, 37

spadicicorpus, Homogyna, 43

spectabilis, Tortyra, 56

sphaeciformis [sic], Synanthedon, 33

sphaeralceae, Zenodoxus, 22

Sphecia, 27

asamaensis, 28

asamaiensis [sic], 28

bombyliformis, 42

caeruleonitens [sic], 25

championi, 23

coeruleonitens, 25

contaminata, 27, 28

contracta, 21

crabroniforme, 28

dasypodiformis, 28

fixseni, 21

fumosa, 28

mandarina, 28

ommatiaeformis, 32

orophila, 28

repanda, 27, 28

rhynchioides, 28

romanovi, 28

scribai, 28

shugnana, 28

sinensis, 28

tricolor, 44

spheciformis, Sphinx, 33

spheciformis, Synanthedon, 33

Sphecodoptera, 27

flavicollis, 28

Sphecoptera [sic], 27

Sphecosesia, 44

aterea, 44

brachyptera, 44

melanostoma, 44

pedunculata, 44

sphegiformis, Sphinx, 33

sphenodes, Synanthedon, 33

Sphinx anthraciformis [sic], 29

anthraciniformis, 29

apiformis, 27, 28

appendiculatus, 13

asiliformis, 23, 24, 34

banchiformis, 36

bembeciformis, 27, 28

bibioniformis, 35

bombiliformis, 25, 26

bombyciformis, 37

bombyliformis, 26

brosiformis, 22

chalcidiformis, 35

chalciformis, 35

chimaera, 13

chrysidiformis, 39

chrysorrhoea, 34

conopiformis, 30

crabroniformis, 24, 27, 28, 40

culex, 30

culiciformis, 29, 30, 33, 36

cynipiformis, 34

empiformis, 34, 37

flammens, 31

formicaeformis, 31

haemorrhoidalis, 39

ichneumoniformis, 33, 38, 39, 40

laphriaeformis, 28

leucaspis, 45

leucophiformis [sic], 36

leucopsiformis, 34, 36

megillaeformis, 39

muscaeformis, 37, 39

myopiformis, 32

nomadaeformis, 31

oestriformis, 28, 34

ophioniformis, 40

plumipes, 45

rhagioniformis, 40

rhingiaeformis, 24

salmachus, 34

scoliaeformis, 33

scopigera, 38, 39, 40

sesia, 34

sireciformis, 28

spheciformis, 33

sphegiformis, 33

stomoxiformis, 28, 33

syrphiformis, 30, 40

systrophaeformis, 40

tabaniformis, 22, 23, 24

tenebrioniformis, 28

tenthrediniformis, 30, 34, 37

tentrediniformis [sic], 31

tibialis, 27

tineiformis, 22

tipula, 34

tipuliformis, 29, 34

typhiaeformis, 34

vespa, 28

vespiformis, 22, 24, 28, 34, 40

zonata, 32

zonatus, 32

spilogastra, Tinthia, 22

spilogastra, Trichocerota, 22

spintheritis, Brenthia, 50

splendida, Bembecia, 40

splendida, Sciapteron, 40

sporimaea, Lygronoma, 57

sporodelta, Tortyra, 56

spuleri, Sesia, 33

spuleri, Synanthedon, 33

squamata, Thyranthrene, 44

statuiformis, Sesia, 40

staudingeri, Chamaesphecia, 37

staudingeri, Melittia, 27

staudingeri, Sesia, 37

stelidiformis, Sesia, 36

stellaris, Choreutis, 52

stellaris, Prochoreutis, 52

stenorma, Brenthia, 50

Stenosphecia, 41

columbica, 41

stenothyris, Aegeria, 33

stenothyris, Synanthedon, 33

stephanephora, Litobrenthia, 49

stereocrossa, Choreutis, 55

stereocrossa, Simaethis, 55

stimulans, Brenthia, 50

stiziforme, Sciapteron, 40

stiziformis, Bembecia, 40

stiziformis, Sesia, 40

stomoxiformis, Sphinx, 28, 33

stomoxiformis, Synanthedon, 33

stomoxyformis [sic], Sesia, 33

Straminella, Atychia, 14

Straminella, Brachodes, 14

strandi, Bembecia, 40

strandi, Dipsosphecia, 40

strepsidesma, Choreutis, 55

strepsidesma, Simaethis, 55

streptatma, Choreutis, 55

striana, Choregia, 55

striata, Chamanthedon, 41

strigipennis, Melittia, 26

strophalora, Brenthia, 50

stylophora, Brenthia, 50

suavis, Brenthia, 50

suavis, Choreutis, 50

subaerea, Carmenta, 38

subaerea, Pyrrhotaenia, 38

subapicalis, Oligophlebia, 42

subauratus, Synanthedon, 29

subceriaeformis, Pyropteron, 35

subfervidum, Sciapteron, 23

submarginalis, Choreutis, 55

submarginalis, Herbula, 55

submicalis, Tebenna, 53

substriata, Phycodes, 15

subtillima, Conopia, 33

subtillima, Synanthedon, 33

suffusata, Carmenta, 38

suisharyonis, Microsphecia, 22

sulphureopyga, Melittia, 27

sumatrana, Melittia, 26

superba, Anthophila, 50

superba, Bembecia, 33

superba, Melittia, 26

superba, Melittia, 26, 27

superbella, Phycodes, 15

suprema, Sesia, 37

Sura, 25

bicolor, 25

chalybea, 25

cyanea, 25

cyanolampra, 25

ellenbergeri, 25

ignicauda, 25

lampadura, 25

melanochalcia, 25

Phoenicia, 25

pryeri, 25

pyrocera, 25

ruficauda, 25

rufitibia, 25

tetrapora, 25

uncariae. 25

xylocopiformis, 25

Sura xylocopiformis, 25

surinamensis, Sesia, 33

surinamensis, Synanthedon, 33

surodes, Podosesia, 37

sybaritis, Saptha, 56

sybaritis, Tortyra, 56

sycopola, Choreutis, 55

sycopola, Simaethis, 55

Sylphidia, 41

modesta, 41

pauper, 32

perlucida, 41

pulchra, 41

sylphina, Lepidopoda, 40

sylvestralis, Lepidopoda, 40

Sylvora, 29

buscki, 29

Symaethis [sic], 50

symbolaea, Asterivora, 53

symbolaea, Simaethis, 53

Symphorostola, 57

encomias, 57

synagriformis, Sesia, 24

Synanthedon, 28

acerni, 29

acerrubri, 29

aequalis, 29

aericincta, 29

aerosa, 29

albanica, 29

albicalcarata, 29

albicornis, 29

alenica, 29

alleri, 29

andrenaeformis, 29

angarodes, 29

anisozona, 29

anomaliformis, 29

apicalis, 29

arctica, 29

arizonensis, 29

arkansasensis, 29

asema, 29

astragali, 29

astyarcha, 29

aulograpta, 29

aurania, 29

aurifera, 29

auripes, 29

auriplena, 29

auritincta, 29

autremonti, 29

basalis, 29

benoisti, 29

beutenmuelleri, 29

bibionipennis, 29

bicingulata, 29

bifenestrata, 29

blaciformis, 29

bolteri, 29

bosqi, 29

buprestiformis, 29

caeruleifascia, 29

caerulipes, 29

canadensis, 29

castaneae, 29

catalina, 29

caternaulti, 29

cephiformis, 29

ceraca, 29

cerceriformis, 29

ceres, 29

ceropaliformis, 29

chalybea, 30

chea, 30

chlorothyris, 30

chorogi, 30

chosensis, 30

chrysidipennis, 30

chrysonympha, 30

chrysoptera, 30

cirrhozona, 30

citrura, 30

cladiiformis, 30

clavicornis, 30

coccidivora, 30

codeti, 30

concavifascia, 30

conopiformis, 30

coquimbensis, 30

corporalis, 30

cretica, 30

croaticus, 30

croesiformis, 30

cruentata, 30

cryptica, 30

cubana, 30

culiciformis, 30

cupreifascia, 30

cyanescens, 30

cyanospira, 30

danieli, 30

danubica, 30

dasyproctos, 30

dasysceles, 30

deceptura, 30

decipiens, 30

deserta, 30

dimorpha, 30

dinetiformis, 30

dioctriaeformis, 30

dominicki, 30

drucei, 30

duplex, 30

duporti, 30

erythrogama, 30

erythromma, 30

ethiopica, 30

exitiosa, 30

exochiformis, 31

fasciculipes, 31

fatifera, 31

ferdinandi, 31

flava, 31

flavicaudata, 31

flavicincta, 31

flavipalpis, 31

flavipalpus, 31

flavipectus, 31

flaviventris, 31

flavostigma, 31

flavostrigata, 31

formicaeformis, 31

fulvipes, 31

fulvopyga, 31

gabuna, 31

gaderensis, 31

geliformis, 31

germaini, 31

glyptaeformis, 31

gracilis, 31

guatemalena, 31

guineabia, 31

guyanensis, 31

hadassa, 31

hades, 31

haematica, 31

haemorrhoidalis, 31

halmyris, 31

hampsoni, 31

harti, 31

hector, 31

heinrichi, 31

hela, 31

helena, 31

helenis, 31

hemigymna, 31

hermione, 31

hippolyte, 31

hispides, 31

howqua, 31

hypochalcia, 31

ignicauda, 31

ignifera, 31

infuscata, 31

insidiosa, 31

iris, 31

ischniformis, 31

javana, 31

kathyae, 31

laeta, 31

laticincta, 31

laticivora, 31

laticraspedontis, 31

lecerfi, 31

lemoulti, 31

leptomorpha, 31

leptosceles, 31

leucocyanea, 31

leucogaster, 31

longipes, 32

loranthi, 32

luctuosa, 32

macropyga, 32

maculiventris, 32

mardia, 32

martenii, 32

martjanovi, 32

melini, 31

melli, 32

mellinipennis, 32

mercatrix, 32

mesiaeformis, 32

mesochoriformis, 32

mimus, 32

modesta, 32

monogama, 32

monozona, 32

moorei, 32

moupinicola, 32

mushana, 32

mydaides, 32

myopiformis, 32

myrmosaepennis, 32

nannion, 32

nautica, 32

neotropica, 32

nigrifrons, 32

novaroensis, 32

nuba, 32

nyanga, 32

olenda, 32

ommatiaeformis, 32

opalizans, 32

opiiformis, 32

oreintalis, 32

panisciformis, 32

panurgiformis, 32

pauper, 32

peltastiformis, 32

peltata, 32

pensilis, 32

pentazona, 32

peruviana, 32

phasiaeformis, 32

pictipes, 32

pini, 32

pipiziformis, 32

pistarcha, 32

pittheis, 32

plagiophleps, 32

platyuriformis, 32

plectisciformis, 32

polaris, 32

polygoni, 32

porizoniformis, 33

producta, 33

proserpina, 33

proxima, 33

pulchripennis, 33

pyrethra, 33

pyri, 33

pyrodisca, 33

pyrosema, 33

pyrosoma, 33

pyrostoma, 33

quercus, 33

refulgens, 33

resplendens, 33

rhodia, 33

rhododendri, 33

rhodothictis, 33

rhyssaeformis, 33

richardsi, 33

rileyana, 33

romani, 33

rubripalpis, 33

rubripes, 33

rubripicta, 33

rubrofascia, 33

rufa, 33

rufibasalis, 33

ruficaudis, 33

santanna, 33

sapygaeformis, 33

saxifragae, 33

scarabitis, 33

schwarzi, 33

sciophilaeformis, 33

scitula, 33

scoliaeformis, 33

scythropa, 33

sellustiformis, 33

semirufa, 33

semitrista, 33

senta, 33

sequoiae, 33

serica, 33

setodiformis, 33

sigmoidea, 33

simois, 33

sodalis, 33

spheciformis, 33

sphenodes, 33

spuleri, 33

stenothyris, 33

stomoxiformis, 33

subtillima, 33

surinamensis, 33

tabogana, 33

taikanensis, 34

talischensis, 34

tenuis, 34

tenuiventris, 34

tetranoma, 34

theobroma, 34

theobromae, 34

theryi, 34

tineosphecia, 34

tipuliformis, 34

trithyris, 34

tryphoniformis, 34

tucumana, 34

typhiaeformis, 34

unocingulata, 34

uralensis, 34

uranauges, 34

vassei, 34

velox, 34

ventralis, 34

versicolor, 34

vespiformis, 34

viburni, 34

votaria, 34

wagneri, 34

whitelyi, 34

xanthomelanina, 34

xanthoneura, 34

xanthonympha, 34

xanthopyga, 34

xanthosoma, 34

xanthosticta, 34

xanthozonata, 34

Synanthedon achillaeae [sic], 33

albociliata, 38

albocingulata, 30

almohades, 30

atavus, 30

auritincta, 38

behrensi [sic], 33

biannulata [sic], 30

bianulata, 30

bosqui [sic], 29

chrysostetha, 37

clara, 31

duplex, 31

flammeus [sic], 31

flavipectus, 31

florisantella [sic], 38

fulva, 31

fumosa, 29

guatemalana [sic], 31

hemizonae [sic], 29

inversa, 30

kabylaria, 30

le moulti, 31

lucasi, 30

lugubris, 30

maroccana, 30

monedulaeformis, 29

niphonica, 33

pitheis [sic], 32

polycincta, 34

quadriannullata, 34

quadriannullata-rufimarginata, 34

quercus [sic], 38

sallustiformis [sic], 33

sphaeciformis [sic], 33

subauratus, 29

tiphiaeformis, 34

tobogana [sic], 33

vespirmis [sic], 34

volaria [sic], 34

Synathedon [sic], 29

Synechodes, 14

coniophora, 14

syngenica, Euryphrissa, 40

Syntomis vacua, 15

syringae, Aegeria, 37

syringae, Podosesia, 37

syrphiformis, Dipsosphecia, 40

syrphiformis, Sphinx, 30, 40

systrophaeformis, Sphinx, 40

tabaniformis, Paranthrene, 24

tabaniformis, Sphinx, 22, 23, 24

tabanus, Melittia, 27

tabogana, Aegeria, 33

tabogana, Synanthedon, 33

tabularia, Saptha, 56

tabularia, Tortyra, 56

tacoma, Sesia, 30

tacubayella, Caloreas, 52

tacubayella, Choreutis, 52

taediiformis, Chamaesphecia, 37

taediiformis, Sesia, 37

taikanensis, Scabisa, 29, 34

taikanensis, Synanthedon, 34

taiwanellus, Zenodoxus, 22

takaonis, Anthophilia, 57

talischensis, Sesia, 34

talischensis, Synanthedon, 34

talyshensis, Choreutis, 52

talyshensis, Prochoreutis, 52

tanaceti, Albuna, 25

tancrei, Bembecia, 40

tancrei, Sesia, 40

taonopa, Phycodes, 15

tapeina, Chamanthedon, 41

taprobanes, Choreutis, 55

taprobanes, Simaethis, 55

Tarsa, 23

bombyciformis, 23

Tarsopoda, 41

remipes, 41

Tarsopoda lanipes [sic], 41

marcia, 28

taylori, Aegeria, 42

tayuyana, Melittia, 27

Tebenna, 52

agalmatopa, 52

agelasta, 52

alliciens, 52

balsamorrhizella, 52

bjerkandrella, 52

bradleyi, 52

carduiella, 52

caucasica, 52

chingana, 52

chodzhajevi, 52

chrysotacta, 52

chrysoterma, 52

diana, 52

fuscidorsis, 52

gemmalis, 52

gnaphaliella, 52

immutabilis, 52

inspirata, 52

isshikii, 52

kawabei, 52

lapidaria, 52

leptilonella, 52

micalis, 52

onustana, 53

piperella, 53

pretiosana, 53

pychnomochla, 53

siphiella, 53

submicalis, 53

Tebenna issikii [sic], 52

Tebeuna [sic], 52

chingana, 52

tecta, Aegeria, 38

tecta, Carmenta, 38

Tegna, 14

hyblaeella, 14, 15

Teinotarsina, 28

Teleosphecia, 41

bibio, 41

unicolor, 41

teleta, Bembecia, 40

teleta, Dipsosphecia, 40

tenebrioniformis, Sphinx, 28

tenebrosa, Bembecia, 40

tenebrosa, Dipsosphecia, 40

tengyraeformis, Bembecia, 40

tengyraeformis, Sesia, 36, 40

tenthrediniformis, Chamaesphecia, 37

tenthrediniformis, Sphinx, 31, 34, 37

tentrediniformis [sic], Sphinx, 31

tenuimarginata, Lepidopoda, 40

tenuimarginata, Sciapteron, 40

tenuis, Aegeria, 34

tenuis, Synanthedon, 34

tenuiventris, Synanthedon, 34

tepperi, Pyrrhotaenia, 29

teriolensis, Sesia, 35

terminiflava, Conopsia, 41

terminiphora [sic], Conopsia, 41

teroliensis [sic], Sesia, 35

terribile, Sciapteron, 25

terrible [sic], Sciapteron, 25

tertiana, Phycodes, 15

tetartodipla, Brenthia, 50

tetranoma, Aegeria, 34

tetranoma, Synanthedon, 34

tetrapora, Sura, 25

tetrazona, Lophoceps, 42

texana, Carmenta, 38

texana, Pyrrhotaenia, 38

thalassina, Paranthrene, 24

Thamnoscelis, 44

inclemens, 44

Thamnoscelis, 43

prisciformis, 43

Thamnosphecia, 29

alleri, 29

thaumasia, Melittia, 26

Thaumatographa, 57

theobroma, Conopia, 34

theobroma, Synanthedon, 34

theobromae, Sesia, 34

theobromae, Synanthedon, 34

therevaeformis, Sesia, 36

theryi, Synanthedon, 34

thomyris, Chamaesphecia, 37

thoracalis, Melittia, 27

threnodes, Choreutis, 55

threnodes, Simaethis, 55

thynniformis, Sesia, 30

Thyranthrene, 44

metazonata, 44

obliquizona, 44

squamata, 44

thyreiformis, Sesia, 37

thyrsodoxa, Gymnosophistis, 43

tibialis, Melittia, 27

tibialis, Sesia, 28

tibialis, Sphinx, 27

tibialis, Trochilium, 28

tigripes, Melittia, 26

tigroides, Choreutis, 55

tigroides, Simaethis, 55

tillyardi, Asterivora, 53

tillyardi, Simaethis, 53

timur, Sesia, 28

timur, Trochilium, 28

Tinaegeria, 44

ochracea, 44

Tinea bjerkandrella, 52

vibrana, 52

tineiformis, Microsphecia, 22

tineiformis, Sphinx, 22

tineosphecia, Synanthedon, 34

tingitana, Pyropteron, 35

Tinthia, 21

cuprealis, 21

cymbalistis, 21

mesatma, 21

postcristata, 21

ruficollaris, 21

varipes, 21

xanthospila, 21

Tinthia constricta, 22

editha, 22

endopyra, 43

lambornella, 22

spilogastra, 22

variegata, 25

vitrifasciata, 43

xanthophora, 43

xanthopila [sic], 21

tiphiaeformis, Synanthedon, 34

tipula, Sphinx, 34

Tipulamima, 41

aristura, 41

auronitens, 41

festiva, 41

flammipes, 41

flavifrons, 41

grandidieri, 41

haugi, 41

hypocalla, 41

ivondro, 41

malimba, 41

nigriceps, 41

opalimargo, 41

pyrosoma, 41

sexualis, 41

seyrigi, 41

tricincta, 41

Tipulia, 29

tipuliformis, Sphinx, 29, 34

tipuliformis, Synanthedon, 34

Tipulomima [sic], 41

aristura, 41

tiresa, Aegeria, 41

tiresa, Chamanthedon, 41

Tirista, 25

argentifrons, 25

praxila, 25

tobogana [sic], Synanthedon, 33

Toleria, 28

abiaeformis, 28

sinensis, 28

tomentosa, Adixoa, 42

tomicodes, Choreutis, 55

tomicodes, Simaethis, 55

tonkiniana, Lenyra, 43

Toosa, 45

glaucopiformis, 45

topitis, Choreutis, 55

topitis, Hemerophila, 55

torrancia, Carmenta, 38

torridula, Choreutis, 55

torridula, Simaethis, 55

tortricina, Phycodes, 15

Tortrix angustana, 51

dentana, 50

diana, 52, 53, 54

nemorana, 53

oxyacanthana, 50

urticana, 51

Tortyra, 56

aenescens, 56

argentifascia, 56

auriferalis, 56

aurofasciana, 56

cantharodes, 56

caracasiae, 56

chalcobathra, 56

chalcodes, 56

cuprinella, 56

ferratella, 56

fulgens, 56

hyalozona, 56

ignita, 56

malacozona, 56

orphnophanes, 56

rhodochlaena, 56

slossonia, 56

spectabilis, 56

sporodelta, 56

violacea, 56

vividis, 56

Tortyra aeolodoxa, 55

aurofasciata [sic], 56

angustistriata, 55

beryllitis, 55

centrifuga, 56

chorica, 56

chrysoprasitis, 55

cypridia, 55

exanthista, 55

formosana, 56

heliaspis, 57

iridopa, 55

libanota, 55

macrospila, 56

palaeocosma, 57

paradelpha, 56

prasochalca, 56

prodigella, 55

sybaritis, 56

tabularia, 56

torva, Albuna, 25

toulgoetella, Nigilgia, 15

toulgoëtella, Nigilgia, 15

Tradescanticola, 42

uniformis, 42

transcaucasicum, Sciapteron, 23

triacmias, Hemerophila, 56

triacmias, Simaethis, 56

triannulata, Trochilium, 30

triannuliformis, Bembecia, 40

triannuliformis, Sesia, 40

Trichobaptes, 44

auristrigata, 44

Trichobaptes sextstriata, 44

Trichocerata [sic], 22

Trichocerota, 22

antigama, 22

bicolor, 22

brachythyra, 22

cupreipennis, 22

diplotima, 22

dizona, 22

erythranches, 22

fulvistriga, 22

intervenata, 22

lambornella, 22

leiaeformis, 22

linozona, 22

radians, 22

ruficincta, 22

spilogastra, 22

univitta, 22

Trichocerota proxima, 22

tricincta, Aegeria, 24, 32

tricincta, Macrotarsipodes, 41

tricincta, Paranthrene, 24

tricincta, Tipulamima, 41

tricintas [sic], Paranthrene, 24

tricinctus, Macrotarsipodes, 41

tricolor, Anypoptus, 44

tricolor, Sphecia, 44

tricyanitis, Choreutis, 55

tricyanitis, Simaethis, 55

trifasciatus, Zenodoxus, 22

trilampas, Brenthia, 50

trilitha, Brenthia, 50

Trilochana, 44

chalciptera, 44

insignis, 44

oberthueri, 44

phaedrostoma, 44

scolioides, 44

smaragdina, 44

triscoliopsis, 44

Trilochana boulleti, 44

chrysochloris, 23

ignicauda, 25

oberthüri, 44

trimachaera, Brenthia, 50

triphaenoides, Atychia, 14

triphaenoides, Miscera, 14

triscoliopsis, Trilochana, 44

tristis, Asterivora, 53

tristis, Atychia, 14

tristis, Bembecia, 40

tristis, Brachodes, 14

tristis, Gauris, 56

tristis, Hemerophila, 56

tristis, Paranthrene, 24

tristis, Pyropteron, 35

tristis, Sesia, 40

tristis, Simaethis, 53

trithyris, Aegeria, 34

trithyris, Synanthedon, 34

tritonias, Chamaesphecia, 37

trivittata, Sesia, 34

trizonata, Paranthrene, 24

trizonata, Sciapteron, 24

Trochilia, 24

Trochilina, 42

candescens, 42

Trochilium, 27

acericolum, 29

acerni, 29

alenica, 29

allantiformis, 35, 36

ashtaroth, 43

astarte, 26

caerulifera, 24

caflischii, 28

californicum, 28

ceto, 26

coracodes, 24

cupreifascia, 30

denudatum, 23, 37

eurytion, 26, 27

flavocingulata, 30

fraxini, 37

gallivorum, 33

grandis, 26

hospes, 33

ignicollis, 28

lasicera, 39

luggeri, 24

lustrans, 38

maculiferum, 28

marginata, 21

minimum, 28

pacificum, 28

phorcus, 27

przewalskii, 28

pugnax, 28

rufimarginata, 34

simulans, 24

tibialis, 28

timur, 28

triannulata, 30

vespipenne, 23

Trochilum [sic], 27

brunnea, 28

trogalia, Choreutis, 55

trogalia, Simaethis, 55

tropica, Chamanthedon, 41

tropica, Sesia, 41

tryphoniformis, Aegeria, 34

tryphoniformis, Synanthedon, 34

tshimgana, Bembecia, 40

tshimgana, Dipsosphecia, 40

tucumana, Sesia, 34

tucumana, Synanthedon, 34

tunetana, Dipsosphecia, 39

turanica, Sesia, 39

turbida, Chamaesphecia, 37

turcmena, Bembecia, 40

turcmena, Dipsosphecia, 40

turilega, Choreutis, 55

turilega, Simaethis, 55

typhiaeformis, Sphinx, 34

typhiaeformis, Synanthedon, 34

typhiiformis [sic], Sesia, 34

typica, Similipepsis, 44

typica, Vespaegeria, 44

Tyrictaca, 44

antiphanopa, 44

apicalis, 44

ultimana, Choreutis, 52

ultimana, Prochoreutis, 52

umbrifera, Chamaesphecia, 37

umbrifera, Sesia, 37

umbrosa, Melittia, 27

uncariae, Sura, 25

unicincta, Sesia, 32, 36

unicolor, Aegeria, 41

unicolor, Bonia, 44

unicolor, Sesia, 35

unicolor, Teleosphecia, 41

uniformis, Sesia, 31, 42

uniformis, Tradescanticola, 42

univitta, Trichocerota, 22

unocingulata, Synanthedon, 34

uralensis, Sesia, 34

uralensis, Synanthedon, 34

uranauges, Aegeria, 34

uranauges, Synanthedon, 34

uranopla, Idiopogon, 43

Uranothyris, 44

pterotarsa, 44

urbana, Asterivora, 53

urbana, Simaethis, 53

uriicana [sic], Simaethis, 50

uroceriformis, Bembecia, 40

uroceriformis, Sannina, 37

uroceriformis, Sesia, 40

uroceripennis, Saunina [sic], 37

ursipes, Melittia, 27

uriicana, Phalaena, 50

urticana, Tortrix, 51

usambara, Melittia, 27

ussurica, Choreutis, 52

ussurica, Prochoreutis, 52

ussunensis, Hemerophila, 53

utahensis, Sesia, 38

vacua, Burlacena, 15

vacua, Syntomis, 15

vahliana, Pyralis, 13

valida, Sagalassa, 14

vancouverensis, Albuna, 25

variegata, Euhagena, 25

variegata, Tinthia, 25

varipes, Tinthia, 21

vassei, Aegeria, 34

vassei, Synanthedon, 34

Veismannia [sic], 37

velatana, Gauris, 56

velatana, Hemerophila, 56

velox, Sesia, 34

velox, Synanthedon, 34

venatensis, Sesia, 35

venerea, Phycodes, 15

ventralis, Aegeria, 34

ventralis, Synanthedon, 34

venusta, Caloreas, 52

venusta, Porpe, 52

verecunda, Aegeria, 38

verecunda, Carmenta, 38

vernetalla, Brachodes, 13

verrugo, Alcathoe, 38

verrugo, Sannina, 38

versicolor, Synanthedon, 34

vespa, Sphinx, 28

Vespaegeria, 44

typica, 44

Vespamima, 29

Vespanthedon, 42

cerceris, 42

vespiformis, Sphinx, 22, 24, 28, 34, 40

vespiformis, Synanthedon, 34

vespipenne, Trochilium, 23

vespipennis, Sesia, 23

vespirmis [sic], Synanthedon, 34

vibralis, Choreutes [sic], 52

vibrana, Tinea, 52

viburni, Synanthedon, 34

vicarialis, Simaethis, 53, 54

vicarilis [sic], Simaethis, 54

victrix, Melittia, 27

vidua, Bembecia, 40

vidua, Sesia, 40

vignae, Aegerina, 40

viguraea, Bembecia, 40

viguraea, Dipsosphecia, 40

vinosa, Choreutis, 55

vinosa, Eutromula, 55

violacea, Choregia, 56

violacea, Tortyra, 56

violaceus, Similipepsis, 44

virginalis, Brenthia, 50

virginiella, Brenthia, 51

viridisquama [sic], Melittia, 26

Vitacea, 24

admiranda, 24

cupressi, 24

polistiformis, 24

scepsiformis, 24

Vitacea huron, 24

vitrifascia [sic], Echidgnathia, 43

vitrifasciata, Echidgnathia, 43

vitrifasciata, Tinthia, 43

vitrina, Albuna, 38

vitriosa, Albuna, 25

vividis, Tortyra, 56

volaria [sic], Conopia, 34

volatilis, Melittia, 27

votaria, Sesia, 34

votaria, Synanthedon, 34

vouauxi, Proaegeria, 44

vuilleti, Metasphecia, 42

vulcanica, Bembecia, 40

vulcanica, Dipsosphecia, 40

wagneri, Bembecia, 40

wagneri, Dipsosphecia, 40

wagneri, Sesia, 34

wagneri, Synanthedon, 34

wahlbergi, Monopetalotaxis, 42

walkeri, Alcathoe, 38

wallowa, Ramosia, 30

Walsinghamia, 56

diva, 56

slossonia, 56

washingtonia, Aegeria, 29

waterloti, Macrotarsipodes, 41

Weismannia, 37

Weismanniola, 37

agdistiformis, 37

welchelorum, Carmenta, 38

wellerae, Carmenta, 38

whitelyi, Aegeria, 34

whitelyi, Synanthedon, 34

wissadulae, Zenodoxus, 22

wittfeldii, Pyrrhotaenia, 38

woodgatei, Carmenta, 38

xanthia, Pyropteron, 35

xanthia, Sesia, 35

xantho, Chamaesphecia, 37

xanthodes, Melittia, 27

xanthogaster, Melittia, 27

xanthogramma, Choreutis, 55

xanthogramma, Simaethis, 55

xanthogyna, Carmenta, 38

xanthogyna, Lepidopoda, 38

xanthomelanina, Synanthedon, 34

xanthomias, Augangela, 43

xanthoneura. Synanthedon, 34

xanthonympha, Sesia, 34

xanthonympha, Synanthedon, 34

xanthopasta, Chamanthedon, 41

xanthophora, Homogyna, 43

xanthophora, Tinthia, 43

xanthopila [sic], Tinthia, 21

xanthopimpla, Caudicornia, 43

xanthopimplaeformis, Lepidopoda, 40

xanthoplaca, Euthorybeta, 14

xanthopleura, Chamanthedon, 41

xanthoprocta, Atractoceros, 14

xanthoprocta, Phycodes, 14

xanthopus, Melittia, 27

xanthopyga, Paranthrene, 24

xanthopyga, Sesia, 34

xanthopyga, Synanthedon, 34

xanthosoma, Ichneumenoptera, 34

xanthosoma, Paranthrene, 24

xanthosoma, Sciapteron, 24

xanthosoma, Synanthedon, 34

xanthosome [sic], Ichneumenoptera, 34

xanthospila, Tinthia, 21

xanthosticta, Sesia, 34

xanthosticta, Synanthedon, 34

xanthozonata, Sciapteron, 34

xanthozonata, Synanthedon, 34

Xenoses, 44

macropus, 44

xiphiaeformis, Sesia, 30

xutholopa, Hemerophila, 56

xylocopiformis, Sura, 25

xylocopiformis. Sura, 25

Xylopoda, 50

pariava [sic], 55

pretiosana, 53

Xylopode, 50

yaeyamae, Brenthia, 50

yakushimensis, Choreutis, 55

yakushimensis, Simaethis, 55

yezoensis, Aegeria, 28

yezoensis, Sesia, 28

yezonica, Paranthrene, 23, 24

zebra, Agrophila, 56

zelleri, Sesia, 36

Zenodoxus, 22

aurantia, 22

canescens, 22

constricta, 22

dorsalis, 22

esakii, 22

flavicincta, 22

heucherae, 22

hoplisiformis, 22

issikii, 22

maculipes, 22

mexicanus, 22

myrmosaeformis, 22

palmii, 22

proxima, 22

rubens, 22

sidalceae, 22

taiwanellus, 22

trifasciatus, 22

Zenodoxus bexari, 22

bicolor, 22

incanae, 22

obscura, 22

potentillae, 22

shakojianus, 22

sidae, 22

sphaeralceae, 22

wissadulae, 22

zimmermanni, Chamaesphecia, 37

zimmermanni. Sesia, 37

Zodia, 56

chrysosperma, 56

ochripalpis, 56

plutusana, 56

rutilella, 56

scintillana, 56

zomeuta, Asterivora, 53

zomeuta, Simaethis, 53

zonata, Sphinx, 32

zonatus, Sphinx, 32

zonaventris [sic], Paranthrene, 24

zoneiventris, Paranthrene, 24

zonionota [sic], Albuna, 25

zoniota, Albuna, 25

zoniota, Paranthrene, 25

zygaenura, Episannina, 41

zygophora, Paranthrene, 24

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